LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. - Shelf. MSt.. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. EECEIfT Examination Papers FOR ADMISSION TO HARYAED, YALE, PEINCETON, SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, AND COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF MINES. SELECTED AND EDITED FOR THE USE OF PREPARATORY SCHOOLS JOHN S} WHITE, LL.D., Head Master of Berkeley School, New York City. JliN 4 1888 -H./ BOSTON : ^^ ^ PUBLISHED BY GINN & COMPANY. 1888. V Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1888, by JOHN S. WHITE, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Typoghapht by J. S. CusHiNG & Co., Boston. Presswork et Ginn & Co., Boston. c^ PEEFACE. The work of preparing students for the three or four leading colleges of America (with the advanced requisitions made durins: the last three or four years) has become so complicated that it can be thoroughly done only b}^ the expert teacher who keeps himself thoroughlj^ informed as to the methods used in the various colleges and the pecu- liarities of the individual examination papers presented. As these colleges are quietl}'^ but steadily pushing on to that point where they wall become universities in fact, as well as in name,, the necessity for admitting 3'oung men at a greater age than formerly grows more and more apparent. Harvard College in particular, after introducing the elective system into all classes of undergraduates, has adjusted the character of its entrance examinations in such a way as to ask for original work and thought from the candidates for admission, not onl}' in mathematics and physics, but in the languages. The old idea of preparation for college, that a boy must have read a stipulated number of the orations of Cicero, and just so many books of Homer and Xenophon, and be examined upon that and that only, has been entirely discarded, and to-da}' the candidate must be practically able to read Latin, Greek, and either French or German, at sight; and in geometry and algebra he finds more than one-half of the matter demanded from him put into the form of original problems or demonstrations. In other words, he must have just about as good a training, if not as good an education, in original thought and correct iv PEEFACE. metliods, as the entire college curriculum of fiftj' years ago could have given to him ; and the preparatory school of to-day, or the private tutor, must be comi)etent to carry the student to this point. What is true of Harvard is true to a less extent of three or four other leading colleges ; and while, happily, for this reason, it is no loDger possible to make "cramming" for a special examination take the place of genuine training, the necessity for understanding the specific demands of the various colleges, as indicated in their examination papers, has become vastly more necessary than before. In the compilation from recent examinations which this volume presents, the aim has been to select those papers which will give to the teacher in this higher work the best under- standing of what the colleges demand, and the work is intended to be used as a regular text-book during the last year or two of the preparatory course. In the case of Har- vard and Yale, one full set of the paj)ers given at the last examination has been presented, and a number of other earlier examinations, selected as practice papers, have been printed consecutively. It is a matter of regret that the faculty of Columbia College objected to the printing of the admission papers to the School of Arts. Many an able and industrious student prepared by a teacher who is not expert, fails to do himself justice on college entrance examinations, for the simple reason that he was not taught accurately what the college would ask for and how it would present its questions. To neglect the opportunity which lies within the reach of every teacher is as culpable as it would be for the captain of a yacht to enter a race with no previous understanding of the pre- vailing currents and signals or the character of the course over which he is to sail. PAPERS HAEYAED UE"IYEESITY". NEW METHOD. September, 1887. PRESCKIBED. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 1. "Write a composition — with special attention to clearness of arrangement, accuracy of expression, and quality rather than quantity of matter — on one of the following sub- jects : — 1. The Story of Milton's Life. 2. The Story of the First Book of Paradise Lost. 3. Macaulay's Estimate of Paradise Lost. 4. An Outline of the Story of Quentin Durward. 5. The Character of King Louis XL as represented by Scott. PRESCKIBED. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 2. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. [Write your number on this paper.] Correct on this paper all the errors you discover in the f ollowino; sentences — the work of candidates for admission to Harvard College : — 1. Quentin Durward as we know was escaping with Isa- belle's aunt thinking it to be the girl he loved. 4 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 2. He was willing to undertake no journej' or decide upon an}^ plan until he had found out whether the stars foretold a result favorable to him. 3. I dont think he ever really trusted any one, for even if they might have saved his life he would find some fault or rather in him. 4. The Duke of Burgundy was roused to such anger that he caused the king's imprisonment, whom he thought helped the matter on. 5. He has no moral scruples about anything ; and they have. 6. Instead of going up the side of the river he intended, he remained on the same side he was. 7. Very interesting is the description given by Scott of the famous men of that time, Louis and his barber, etc., — who exerted a powerful influence over the superstitious mind of Louis. 8. William thought that Louis would aid him, and, with- out doubt, he would have, had he not feared the Duke of Burgund}^ 9. Quentin finds Isabelle, prepared for the worst, and when, having induced her to disguise herself, they endeavor to escape they find flight impossible. 10. He sent Quentin's uncle with an order to enscribe his scotish relation in the guards. 11. He was very superstitious, and before undertaking a great project he always consulted the heavens to find if the affair would be successful or not. 12. Of large frame and bulk, fierce expression and harsh voice, we seem to almost see before us this monster. 13. Galeotti, having gone to him and being about to be slain, as a last resource told the King that he read in the ELEMENTARY GEEEK. 6 stars, that he (Galeotti) would die just twenty-four hours before the death of His Majesty would take place. 14. After the old man had left Quentin and having seen his uncle, the youth, having an adventurous spirit, wandering from the inn came upon several people looking at something up a tree. 15. Quentin marries his lady love and died after a most happy life full of adventures. BLEMBNTAHY GRBBK. ATTIC PROSE AT SIGHT. You are advised not to write any part of the translation until you have read the passage through two or three times. Divide your time equally between the translation and the questions. [Subject. — The victory of Agesilaus at Coroneia, in 394 e.g.] Translate : — ■ 'E7retS?7 Be tj fxev vlkt] crvv ^A.y7]cn\d(p ijevero, rerpco- fjLevo^; 8' avTo<; Trpoarjvey^Or] irpo'^ rrjv (jxiXayya, irpoae- \dcravTe^ rtV6<; rcov lirTrecov \eyovcnv avrS on rcoz' iroXefJiiCDV ojSorJKOvra avv toI<^ oTrXoc^; iiiro tw vaa> elcn, 5 Kol r)pct)TCL)V, Ti ')(^pr) TTOieiv. O 8e fcalirep iroXXa rpav- jjuara 'e')((ov Trdvroae /cal iTavToioi<^ birXoc'^ o/jlco^ ovk iireXdOero rod Oelov, dX)C eav re dirLevai ottol /3ou- XotVTO i/ceXeve /cat dScfcelv ovk ela, /cal irpoireiM'^aL iirera^e tov<; d/mcf)* avrov I'rriTel'^ eare ev rep d(j<^a\el 10 eyevovTO. 'ETret ye /jirjv eXij^ev rj p^d')(7], Traprjv Srj 6ed- aacrdat, evOa avveirecrov aWr/Xot?, Tr]v fiev yijv alfiari, 7re(f)vp/jiev7]V,^ ve/cpov'^ Be Ket/jLevov; (pcXcov; koI iroXe- /jLlov? fier dXkrfkcov, dcnTiBaaXay- yos (13). (/) Account for the tense of Trpoo-eXao-avres (2) and of Ixov (5). (g) In what other mood might elat (4) have been ? State the principle. {h) Explain the construction of iav and dTrteVat (6) and of dStKCtV (6). ELEMENTARY LATIN. I. Translate : — At Drappes unaque Lucterius, cum legiones Caniniumque adesse cognoscerent, nee se sine certa pernicie persequente ELEMENTARY LATIN. 7 exercitu putarent provinciae fines intrare posse, nee iam li- beram vagandi latrociniorumque faciendorum facultatem ha- berent, consistunt in agris Cadurcorum. Ibi cum Lucterius apud suos Gives quondam integris rebus multum potuisset, semperque auctor novorum consiliorum magnam apud bar- baros auctoritatem haberet, oppidum Uxellodunum, quod in clientela fuerat eius, natura loci egregie munitum, occupat suis et Drappetis copiis, oppidanosque sibi coniungit. Quo cum confestim C. Caninius venisset, animadverteretque om- nes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis esse munitas, quo de- fendente nuUo tamen armatis ascendere esset difficile, magna autem impedimenta oppidanorum videret, quae si clandestina fuga subtrahere conarentur, effugere non modo equitatum, sed ne legiones quidem possent, tripertito cohortibus divisis trina excelsissimo loco castra fecit, a quibus paullatim, quan- tum copiae patiebantur, vallum in oppidi circuitum ducere instituit. Give all the participles and infinitives of cognoscerent. Give the future indicative of vagandi and munitum. Compare lihere and difficile. Decline pernicie. Derivation of impedimenta, tripertito, oppidanos. Construction ot per sequente, faciendorum, saxis, armatis, II. Translate : — lusiurandum apud Romanos inviolate sancteque habitum servatumque est. Id et moribus legibusque multis ostendi- tur, et hoc, quod dicemus, ei rei non tenue argumentum esse potest. Post proelium Cannense Hannibal, Carthaginiensium imperator, ex captivis nostris electos decem Romam misit mandavitque eis pactusque est, ut, si populo Eomano videre- tur, permutatio fieret captivorum et pro his, quos alteri plures acciperent, darent argenti pondo libram et selibram. Hoc, priusquam proficiscereutur, iusiurandum eos adegit, redituros esse in castra Poenica, si Romani captives non permutareut. 8 ELEMENTARY GERMAN. ELEMENTARY GERMAN. [No. I., if well translated, will be enough. A good rendering of II. will compensate in some measure for deficiencies in I.] I. Translate : — @§ iDar ble (^eit)o^tt^eU btefe^ Stolen ^onig6, urn 5 U^r be^ 9}?orgen§ aufgufte^en, biSitjeUen fogar friifjer. (Sr frtfterte fic^ ge^ njo^nlic^ felbft unb gekauc^te felten mef)r aU glnei 9}^tnuten ba^u. 5)^ac^bem er fi^ ange!(eibet §atte, brac^te t^tn ein ^bjutant em ^ef^e^ni^ t)on alien ben ^erfonen, ttjelc^e in 'ifot^bam angefommen obev ton ba abgeretft inaren, nnb etnen 33en(^t tion bent, tna§ fic^ in ber (^arntfon gngetragen ^atte. 2Benn er biefent Offigier feine S3efel)(e gegeben !^atte, gog er fic^ in fetn 5lrbeit§gimmer gnriicf, tvo er fi(^ aHein bi§ t U()r befdjctftigte. 3)ann ging er in ein anbreS 3immer, n^o er ^affee ober ©(^ofotabe tran!, unb f)ux fanb er anf bent Zi]^ aUe bie^riefe, tod^t an^ ^ot^bant, Berlin ober anbern Snellen feineg ^onigreic^^ an i^n geri^tet n)areit. 2ln8(anbifd]e ^riefe irurben anf einen befonbern %i\d) gelegt. 9^ad)bem er alCfe biefe 53riefe gelefen fjatte, fcf)rieb er ^enter!nngen an ben 9^anb berjenigen, ttjclc^e tton feinen ©c^reibern beantinortet nierben foEten. ^iejenigen, lt)eld)e er felbft beantworten moUte, nafjnt er ntit in fein ^Irbeit^^intnter. §ier befc^aftigte fic^ ber ^onig bi0 9 U^r ntit einent feiner @e^eintf(^reiber. ©ann ging er in ha§ t)ortge ^intmer guritd, iDo bie ©c^reiber i^tn t)on bem, n)a§ fte getl^an i)atkn, 9^ec^enf(^aft gaben; n^orauf i^iten ber ^onig feine §SefeI)(e gab ntit ben 33riefen, njet^e fie beanttt)orten foEten. 3){efe ^Intraorten murben jebod) nientats abgefd)ic!t, o^ne t)om ^onig felbft gelefen unb untergeidjuet gu fein. Um 10 U^r begleiteten i^n bie (generate, ■raeli^e urn feine "^erfon luaren, in fein ^^rbeit^^intmer, mo er fic^ ntit t()nen itber bie ^ageSneuigfeiten, iiber "ipoliti! unb anbre @egen^ Pdnbe itnter^ielt, unb gu berfetben Qdt gab er berfdjiebnen ^erfonen 5Iubien^. Um 11 U^r beftieg er fein '^Pferb unb ritt auf bie ^arabe, m er fein ^arberegiment mufterte, unb gu berfetben ©tunbe, fagt ELEMENTARY GERMAN. 9 Voltaire, t^aten bte OBerften baSfelBe in alien 'iprotDtnaen beg tbntg^ x^id)^. 9^adif)er gtng er eine Beittang tm Garten fpa^teven, begtettet Don feinen (^eneralen nnb ber iibrigen (S5efeUfrf)aft, \v^ld)^ er etnge^ laben ^tte, mit U)m gu STttttag gu f|)etfen. Urn 1 U^v fel^te fid) g^riebrtd) ^n Zi\^, ©etne (SefeUfdjaft beftanb geiDo^nltd] au§ ben ^ringen, ben an§ge3eid)netften Offiateren unb einigen t)eru()mten @e(e^rten nnb ^iinftlern. ®te Unterl)a(tung Wax tmmer fel)i- leb^ ^ft, nnb ber .^^ontg mad)te felbft bte §onneur§ tute etn *$rtt)atmann. '^a^ 2;ifd)e ging er eine ^tertelftnnbe lang tm ^tmtner nm!)er, inbem er fid) mtt einigen feiner (^afte unter()ielt. S)ann gog er fid) in fein ^ritiatgintmer gnritd, fpielte bie gli3te, nntergeid)nete 33riefe, tran! ^affee nnb arbettete big 5 Uf)r, n^o fein 3SorIefer erfd)ten. 33on 6 big 1 U^r wax ein ^ongert, gn inetdjem ttnr 9}lnfi!er gngelaffen inurben nnb in lt)eld)em fid) ber ^onig felbft auf ber ^(ote ^oren lieg. ^enn bag ^ongert t)0ruber n^ar, na()m g^riebrid) feine Ibenb^ nmljlgeit ein ntit 3Sottaire, ^(garotti, 9[)iaupertnig nnb einigen anbern geiftreid)en ^Qlclnnern, lueldje eingetaben tuorben njaren. Urn 12 U^r ging ber ^onig gn 33ett. II. Translate into German : — Queen Elizabeth was once making a journey in England, and on her approaching the city of Coventry, the mayor, with a numerous cavalcade, went out to meet her. On their return they had to pass through a wide brook, and the mayor's horse being thirsty, attempted several times to drink, but his rider prevented him. The queen, observing it, said to him : *'Pray, Mr. Mayor, permit your horse to drink." — The mayor, bowing very humbly, replied : "Madam, it would be the height of presumption for my unworthy horse to drink till your Majesty's royal steed has satisfied his thirst." 10 ELEMENTARY FRENCH. ELEMENTARY FRENCH. I. Translate into English : — II faisait nuit noire, sans lube et sans ^toile. Je venais de quitter Grenoble, et j'allais traverser Yoreppe, petit village non sans quelque importance ^ •cause du voisinage de la Grande Chartreuse, qui attire, tous les ans, a cette epoque, moins de cro3'ants que de curieux. Tout d'un coup les che- vaux s'arr^terent, j'entendis au dehors une sourde rumeur, et les vitres de ma voiture furent frappees d'une lueur sang- laute, que j'aurais prise pour celle du cou chant si le soleil n'etit ete depuis longtemps couche. Je mis pied a terre ; I'unique auberge du village brulait. C'etait dans- ce petit hameau un remue-m^nage infernal. On criait, on courait, on se heurtait. Le maitre de I'hdtel, aide de sa femme, de ses enfants et de ses valets, vidait les etables et les ecuries. Les chevaux hennissaient, les boeufs mugissaient, tandis que les pourceaux, comme s'ils avaient I'iustinct qu'il est dans leur destinee d'etre grilles t6t ou tard, opposaient a leurs sauveurs une resistance opini^tre, pleine de philosophic. Pendant ce temps, les notables de I'endroit, groupes sur la place, discouraient magistralement sur les causes de I'in- cendie, que personne ne s'occupait d'eteindre, et qui, enflam- mant la nuit sombre et embrasant les coteaux d'alentour, lau^ait au ciel avec furie ses gerbes et ses fusees d'^tincelles. Yous, poete, vous auriez trouve cela beau. — Jules San- DEAU. [A good translation of the above passage is required to pass the exami- nation ; the following questions are added to enable candidates to make up for any slight deficiencies in the translation.] II. Translate into English : — (a) Je viens voir votre fr^re. (p) Je viens de voir votre frere. HISTOKY OF THE UNITED STATES. 11 III. Translate into French : — I see him. I speak to him. I speak to her. I spoke to her. I gave her your letter, and she returned it to me. I will never read it to you. My school is better than yours. He has more than a hundred books. Better late than never. lY. Write in French a dozen lines about your native place. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. [Take 1 and three others.] 1. Hispanidla, Fort St. George, Williamsburg, Fort Christiana, Lundy's Lane, Harper's Ferrj^, — where? 2. State the provisions of the Boston " Port-Bill." What was its effect? 3. What have been the principal annexations of territory made by the United States since 1800? 4. [Take any two.] The Alien and Sedition laws ; the Monroe Doctrine ; the Alabama Claims. 5. [Take any three.] Robert Fulton, John C. Cal- houn, Samuel F. B. Morse, George H. Thomas. Questions on the " additional reading." 6. Describe the state of society in Virginia in 1765, and contrast it with that of New England at the same time. 7. What is your impression of John Adams? of Lafay- ette ? of John Randolph ? 12 ANCIENT HISTOKY. HISTORY OF ENGLAND. [Take 1 and three others.] 1. Give the geographical position of Cumberland, Somer- set, Worcester, Naseby, the Severn, the Tweed. 2. Mention the Danish kings of England. What was Danelagh f Danegeld ? 3. [Take one.] Thomas Becket, Cardinal Wolsey. 4. [Take one.] The Rebellion of Wat Tyler ; the Gun- powder Plot. 5. [Take two.] The battles of Senlac, Culloden, and Quebec. [Give dates.] Question on the " additional reading." 6. [Macaulay.] The English country gentleman in the 17th century. ANCIENT HISTORY. I. (a) [Take five.] The Allia, Agrigentum, Lilybaeura, Placentia, Cannae, Numantia, Massilia, — where? Mention (with dates) historical events connected with four of these places. (b) [Take five.] Sybaris, Delos, Phocis, Sardis, Mega- lopolis, Potidaea, Delium, — where? Mention (with dates) historical events connected with four of these places. XL [Take any two.] 1. How were the members of the Roman Senate chosen at different times ? ANCIENT HISTORY. 13 2. The origin of the Praetorship. What were the duties of the Praetor? 3. Describe or explain any five : — pater patratus, Feriae Latinae, Curia, equites, flamines, the Liciuian laws, the law of Majestas. Questions on the " additional reading." • [Candidates who have read the books recommended for additional reading may substitute one of the following questions for one of the first three in this group.] 4. [TiGHE.] How did the practical powers of the Pomaii Seuate differ from its theoretical powers? 5. [Beesley.] What can be said in defence of the lex frumentaria of Gains Gracchus? III. [Take any two.] 1. Describe the Spartan constitution. What effect did this constitution have upon the people ? 2. The Peace of Calias. What was tlie result of this peace with reference to Sparta and Thebes? 3. [Take tv^c] IMiltiades, Nicias, Aeschylus. Question on the "additional reading." [Candidates who have read Curtius may substitute question 4 for one of the first tliree in this group.] 4. [Curtius.] The earlier and later influence of Delphi. 14 ALGEBEA. ALG-BBRA. One hour allowed. [Write legibly and without crowding ; give the work clearly and find all possible answers. The shortest methods are preferred.] 1 . Solve the following equation , finding four values otx: — (x-\-ay(x—b) ^ — — ^ ^ = — — • . x+b x — a {x—a){x+b) 2. At 6 o'clock on a certain morning, A and B set out on their bicycles from the same place, A going north and B south, to ride until 1^ p.m. A moved constantly northwards at the rate of 6 miles per hour. B also moved always at a fixed rate ; but, after a while, he turned back to join A. Four hours after he turned, B passed the point at which A was when B turned; and, at 1^ p.m., when he stopped, he had reduced b}^ one-half the distance that was between them at the time of turning. Find B's rate, the time at which he turned, the distance between A and B at that time, and the time at which B would have joined A if the ride had been continued at the same rates of speed. Find the answers for botJi solutions. ' 3. Find the sixth term of each of the following powers : — \7b-Vb -VSaJ 4. Eeduce the following fraction to its lowest terms : — 6x*-lSx^-\-Sx^-h2x PLANE GEOMETRY. 15 PLANE GEOMETRY. One hour allowed. [In solving problems use for n the approximate value 3f .] 1. Prove that every point in the bisector of an angle is equally distant from the sides of the angle ; and that every point not an the bisector, but within the angle, is unequally distant from the sides of the angle. 2. Prove that the tangents drawn through the vertices of a rectangle inscribed in a circle enclose a rhombus. What is the area of this rhombus if the rectangle is a square and if the radius of the circle is 4^2? 3. Prove that the opposite angles of any quadrilateral in- scribed in a circle are supplements of each other. Three of the sides, taken in order, of an inscribed quad- rilateral subtend arcs of 80°, 100°, and 60°, respectively ; find the angles of the quadrilateral. 4. Prove that the areas of two similar triangles — and thence of any two similar polygons — are to each other as the squares of their homologous sides. 5. Upon each side of a square as a diameter is described a semi-circumference within the square. In this way four leaf-shaped figures are marked out. If the side of the square is 14 feet long, find the areas of the four " leaves." PHYSICS (Elementary I). [Candidates who offer alternative (1) of the New Method will take the As- tronomy questions instead of Physics questions 4 and 7.] 1. A spring balance is held in a horizontal position and pulled at by two men, one at each end. The pointer indi- cates 100 lbs. and the balance is at rest. How great is the force exerted by each man? 16 PHYSICS. 2. A rod one meter long, whose weight may be neglected, has at one end a mass of 5 kilograms and at the other end a mass of 3 kilograms. .How far from the larger mass must a supporting point be placed in order that the whole may be in equilibrium with the rod horizontal? 3. (a) How far can a two-horse-power engine raise 10 tons in 1 minute ? or (5) A ball is started vertically upward with a velocity of 20 meters per second. How far above the starting-point will it be at the end of 4 seconds ? 4. (a) State the velocity of sound in air at some particu- lar temperature. Explain the difference observed between two musical notes equal in pitch and loudness. or (b) Give a series of numbers expressing the relative rates of vibration of the notes of the diatonic, or 7iatural, scale. Explain the following terms relating to this scale : Jlfth, fourth, third. 5. (a) The volume of a certain quantit}^ of gas at 20° C. is 200 cu. cm. What would be its volume at 80° C, the pressure remaining unchanged? or (b) State fully your reasons for regarding " radiant heat" and " radiant liglit" as alike in their nature. Of what sub- stance would you make a lens or prism for handling " radi- ant heat"? Why? Name a substance, or preparation, which is diathermanous but not transparent. 6. Give the theory of a compound microscope, illustrating carefully by means of a diagram. 7. Describe carefully the construction and action of an induction coil. ELEMENTARY PHYSICS. 17 ASTRONOMY. 1. About how many stars may be visible to the naked eye at once ? What is the altitude and azimuth of a star ? the right ascension and declination? When is a superior planet said to be in conjunction with the sun ? when in opposition .? 2. What is the zodiac? Why are the signs of the zodiac so called? Name them. Explain carefully why they do not coincide respectively with the zodiacal constellations of the same names. AI,TERNATIVE 3. ELEMENTARY PHYSICS. 1. Describe fully, but concisely, some experiment in me- chanics in which you have spent not less than one and a half hours of laboratory work. 2. If a carriage wheel be resting upright upon the ground, and be prevented from slipping at the bottom, how great a force applied directly downward at the end of the horizontal diameter will just neutralize a force of 50 pounds applied horizontally at the centre of the wheel, both forces being in the same plane? 3. A rod one meter long, whose weight may be neglected, has at one end a mass of 5 kilograms, and at the other end a mass of 3 kilograms. How far from the larger mass must a supporting point be placed in order that the whole may be in equilibrium with the rod horizontal ? 4. Define carefully the dyne and erg or the poundal and foot-poundal. 5. Describe carefully the process of boiling, showing how it differs from ordinary evaporation. 18 ADVANCED GEEEK. 6. Define the p7'incipal focus of a lens. The rays which come to a lens directly from the sun are called parallel rays. Does this imply that each ray is practi- cally parallel to all the others? If not, what does it mean? 7. Describe carefull}' some form of galvanometer that you have used. ADVANCED GREEK. [Do either A or B, but not both. Allow one hour for the translation and one hour for the questions.] A. — HOMER. I. Translate : — [Subject. — Odysseus answers the taunts of Euryalus.] ov o ap viTOopa iocov irpoaecpT} ttoXv/ultjtl^ Uovacrev^ * *' ^6LV, ov KoXov eetTre? • dracrdaXa) ^ avSpl eoiKa'^. 166 oi/Tft)9 ov Travrecrcrc Oeol '^^aplevra hihovcnv dvSpdaiv, 0VT6 cf)vr)v ovr dp (pp6va<; ovr dyoprjrvv. dWo<; fJbev L7T€pLaTe(f>6rai, iireecraiv, 175 £09 Koi aol e2So9 /Jiev dpLTrpeire^;, ovBe K€V dWox; ovBe 6e6epcov ADVANCED LATIN. 21 Sr] irrrl Ta? 6vpa<^ UoXvKpdTei epe«, literally " 7nake room for. ^^ * very. ^ servants. (e) Name the parts (with their meanings) of the following compounds: UoXvKpaTd (3) ; aTro')(€.ipo(iLoro^ (7). (/) Give the Attic equivalents of the following forms : ayoprjv (7) ; khoKee (8) ; ■^le (12). {g) Account for the case of rovrov (5) and of rev (8) . (7i) Explain the use of the participles ewv (7) and Iveov- aav (14). ADVANCED LATIN. I. Translate : — Qua re hoc mains est vestrum in nos promeritum, quod non multitudini propinquorum, sed nobismet ipsis nos red- didistis. Sed quern ad modum propinqui, quos ego parare non potui, mihi ad deprecandam calamitatem meam non ad- fuerunt, sic, illud, quod mea virtus praestare debuit, audi- tores, auctores hortatoresque ad me restituendum ita multi fuerunt, ut longe superiores omnes hac dignitate copiaque 22 ADVANCED LATIN. superarem. Nuraquam de P. Popilio, clarissimo atque for- tissimo viro, numqiiam de Q. Metello, nobilissimo et con- stantissimo cive, numquam de C. Mario, ciistode civitatis atque imperii vestri, in senatu mentio facta est. Tribuniciis superiores illi rogationibus, nulla auctoritate senatus sunt restituti. Marius vero non modo non a senatu, sed etiam oppresso senatu est restitutus, nee rerum gestarum memo- ria in reditu C. Marii, sed exercitus atque arma valuerunt. At de me ut valeret, semper senatus flagitavit : ut aliquaudo perficeretur, cum primum licuit, frequentia atque auctoritate perfecit. Nullus in eorum reditu motus municipiorum et coloniarum factus est : at me in patriam ter suis decretis Italia cuncta revocavit. Illi, inimicis interfectis, magna civium caede facta, reducti sunt : ego iis, a quibus eiectus sum, provincias obtinentibus, inimico hoc, optimo viro et mitissimo, altero consule referente reductus sum : cum is inimicus, qui ad meam perniciem vocem suam communibus hostibus praebuisset, spiritu dumtaxat viveret, re quidem infra omnes mortuos amandatus esset. Explain construction of lioc^ mihi, dignitate. Compare the constructions of rogationibus, and a senatu. Explain mood and tense of valeret, perficeretur. Give all the participles, with their meaning, of reddidistis, deprecandam, gestarum, perfecit. What is meant by auctoritate senatus; by tribuniciis roga- tionibus f Compare the meaning of inimicis interfectis with that of communibus hostibus. Who was Marius, and how did his restitution differ from Cicero's ? II. Translate : — [Aristaeus in trouble visits his mother, the wat^r nymph Cyrene, asking of her relief, and is referred to the sea god Proteus.] Postquam est in thalami pendentia pumice tecta Perventum, et nati fletus cognovit inanis ADVANCED GREEK. 23 Cyrene, manibus liquidos dant ordine foutis Germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis ; Pars epulis onerant mensas, et plena reponunt Pocula ; Panchaeis adolescunt ignibus arae ; Et mater, Cape Maeonii carchesia Bacclil : Oceano libemiis, ait. Simul ipsa precatur Oceanumque patrem rerum Nymphasque sorores, Centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina serv^ant. Ter liquido ardentem perfudit nectare Vestam, Ter flamma ad summum tecti subiecta reluxit. Omine quo firmans animum sic incipit ipsa : Est in Carpatliio Neptuni gurgite vates Caeruleus Proteus, magnum qui piscibus aequor Et iuncto bipedum curru metitur equorum. Hie nunc Emathiae portus patriamque revisit Pallenen : hunc et Nymphae veneramur et ipse Grandaevus Nereus ; novit namque omnia vates. Quae sint, quae fuerint, quae mox ventura trahantur. Quippe ita Neptuno visum est, inmania cuius Armenta et turpis pascit sub gurgite phocas.^ Mark the metre, with caesura, of the 6th and 8th verses. ^ Phocas, sea-calves, seals. ADVANCED GREEK. GREEK COMPOSITION. When the mother of Cyrus was about to return home to her husband, Astj-ages asked her to leave Cyrus in Media. i But Mandane replied that, though^ she wished to gratify her father in everything, she still thought it hard to leave her son behind if he did not wish^ to stay. Upon this his grandfather said to Cyrus : " If you stay with me, my boy, you shall, in the first place,* be allowed access^ to me when- ever you please ; and, besides, you shall use my borses while you stay here, and have as many as you wish to carry with you when you return to your father." And when he was asked whether he wanted to go home or to stay with his grand- father, he quickly answered that he thought it was better for him to stay and learn to ride,^ in order that he might be- come'' the best of his grandfather's horsemen, and so be able to be an ally ^ of the Medes if they should need him. 1 among the Medes. ^ ix4v. ^ participle. '^ irpSoTov jxiv. ^ da-ievai. ^ linrevco. "' participle. ^ avfjifMax^o}. ADVANCED LATIN COMPOSITION. Translate into Latin : — In a naval battle which Eumenes, king of Pergamum, fought against King Prusias of Pontus, Hannibal, who was in exile at the court of Prusias, conquered the much larger numbers of the enemy by the following stratagem. He ordered a large number of poisonous snakes to be got to- gether in earthen jars and placed upon the ships of Prusias, and, when the battle began, he directed the ships to attack only the ship of King Eumenes and merely defend them- selves from the others. In order to show his men on which ship Eumenes was sailing, he sent a messenger with a letter among the enemy's ships to ask for King Eumenes as if to propose peace. When the king opened the letter, after the messenger had gone off, he found nothing in it but gibes against himself. He began the fight however at once, al- though he wondered what the letter could mean. Then his ship was attacked by all the hostile ships and compelled to flee, and the other Pergamenean vessels, at first surprised by the earthen jars thrown upon them, presently fled in dis- may, when the}^ found their ships fllled with snakes. ADVANCED GERMAN. 25 ADVANCED GERMAN. I. Write, in German, two pages on one of the following subjects : — (a) Wli3^ does Tellheim consider himself unworthy of Minna von Barnhelm's hand ? (5) The scene in „2Bi(^eIm XtU" in which Tell shoots the apple from his son's head. (c) Any scene from ^^ermann unb 3)orot^ea." (d) The gray man in „^eter ©^lemiljl." II. Tlan itberfe^e : — '^It is coming, Maggie!" Tom said, in a deep hoarse voice, losing the oars, and clasping her. The next instant the boat was no longer seen upon the water, and the huge mass was hurrying on in hideous triumph. But soon the keel of the boat reappeared — a black speck on the golden water. The boat reappeared, but brother and sister had gone down in an embrace never to be parted ; living through again in one supreme moment the days when they had clasped their little hands in love, and roamed the daisied fields together. III. Translate : — (a) 9^ein, ic^ hxan^' e§ and] nidjt etnmat p ^oren. @^ tjerfte^t ftc^ t)on felbft ©ie fonnten eine§ fo ^af](td]en (5tretd)eg fal)tg fein, ha^ (Bit mid) nun ntd]t luoflten? Siffen ©ie, ba§ id) auf 3^^^ meineg ^eben^ befd)tmpft tuare? 9J?eine Sanbgmdnninnen UJiirben ntit gingern auf mid) \vn\^n, — „®ag ift fie," n^iirbe eg ^etgen, fM^' ift bag ?yrdu(etn t)on ^arnljetm, bie fid) etnbilbete, \vni fie veid) fei, ben tt)adern S^eUljeim gu kfommen : aU oh bie tt)adern SOfMnner fiir ©elb gu l^aben tuciren ! " ©o n)livbe eg f)etj3en ; benn nteine Sanbgmdnninnen ftnb alle netbifi^ auf mid). (If) 6o rannten bie ^aucrn unb i^re Seiber unter einanber. 26 ADVANCED GERMAN. 3)te Unna akr faf) nic^t rec^tg norf) Im!§, eiliDtberte auc^ bte (Sriige faum mtt einem leifen .^o^pfntden, fonbern cjtng bte ftetmge g^al^r^^ ftra^e i^tnatt, ate it3dre fie jd)on ein abgefdjiebener ®eift, ber toeber trbt[(^e S3eftf)lt)erben fii^len, nod) 9LRenfd)enrebe ad)ten fonne. 3)i(^t Winter tl)r fc^ritt bie 3^ofine mit bem ftitlen ®efid]t, ba§ 5lIIe ge* ioo^nt ttiaren. 9^ur tear eg ^eute fo bleid^, bag mitletbtge 2Qeiber eg fid) mit ^Id^felguden unb ^opffc^iitteln geicjten, tt)af)renb bag @efic^t ber TOett t)oit einem frtfc^en 9tot^ ange^and)t lt)ar. ©te nafint fic^ ani^ ntc^t bte ^dt, auf ber I)a(6en §oI)e ang^uraften, tno etne 8an! am g^elfen ftanb. (Sg inar, atg trtebe fie bte 5lf)nung torwdrtg, bag fie fetne TOnnte gu berlieren Tjabe. (c) ®ag 33urgertum in ben ©tcibten tunrbe too^t^aSenber, bo(^ fel^lte t^m no(^ bag frete ©elbfttiertrauen unb bte !itl)ne Unterne^^ mungglnft unferer ^euttgen ^nt 3)te 9^egierung felbft mugte atteg 6etret6en, mintage t)on ^abrifen, ©ptnnereten, jc. bnrc^ ^rcimten unb ^rioitegten anregen, ober felbft etn^elne ®efd)afte a(g ©taatg^ Tnono|)oIe itbernefimen. -Snbeffen ernini^g in ben grogeren ©tdbten ein retd)er ^aufmanngftanb, unb fd)on ^eid^neten fic^, g. ^. in 53er(in, and) jiibifi^e ^amitien burd) ®(an^ unb 9^ei(^tf}um, balb fogar buri^ Sitbung aug. ©onft l^errfc^te nod) meift ber alte, frotnme, niic^- terne, befi^rdnfte, aber el)renfefte ^iirgerfinn ; nur einige getnedtere ^i)^fe begannen ber neuen 5luf!(drung nac^^uftreben unb an ber aufblii^enben ©ii^tung teif^imeljmen. (c^) ^omm bu ^erbor, bu Wringer bittrer ©c^mer^en, Ttdn teureg ^(einob je^t, mein f)od)fter ©c^a^ — (Sin ^ui Ujitl tc^ bir geben, bag big je^t S)er frommen 33itte unb uri^ bring (id) mar — 3)o(^ b ir foU eg nic^t iniberfte^n — Unb hn S3ertraute S3ogenfe§ne, bie fo oft Wix treu gebient ^at in ber g^reube ©pieten, ^erlag mi^ nid)t im furd)terli(^en (Srnft ! 9^ur jel^t no^ l^alte feft, bu treuer (Strang, ^er mir fo oft htn ^erben '^feil befliigelt — Sntrdnn' er je^o fraftlog meinen §dnben, ■Sc^ tiabe feinen jineiten ^u berfenben. ADVANCED FRENCH. 27 ADVANCED FRENCH. [N. B. — Repondez aux questions dans I'ordre meme ou elles vous sont posees. Les reponses doivent toutes etre en fran9ais. La traduction anglaise des passages fran9ais doit etre en aussi bon anglais que possible.] 1. Traduisez en frangais : — (a) English travellers are the best and the worst in the world. Where no motives of pride or interest intervene, none can equal them for profound and philosophical views of society, or faithful and graphical descriptions of external objects ; but when either the interest or reputation of their own country comes in collision with that of another, they go to the opposite extreme. Hence, their travels are more honest and accurate, the more remote the country described. I would place implicit confidence in an Englishman's descriptions of the regions beyond the cataracts of the Nile ; of unknown islands in the Yellow Sea ; of the interior of India ; or of any other tracts which other travellers might be apt to picture out with the illusions of their fancies ; but I would cautiously receive his account of his immediate neighbors, and of those nations with which he is in habits of most frequent intercourse. — Washington Irving. (b) Nothing in the earlj^ existence of Britain indicated the greatness which she was destined to attain. Her inhabi- tants, when first they became known to the T3^rian mariners, were little superior to the natives of the Sandwich Islands. She was subjugated by the Roman arms ; but she received only a faint tincture of Roman arts and letters. Of the western provinces which obeyed the Caesars she was the last that was conquered and the first that was flung away. No magnificent remains of Roman porches and aqueducts are to be found in Britain. No writer of British birth is reckoned 28 ADVANCED FEENCH. among the masters of Roman poetry and eloquence. — Macaulat. 2. Eepondez aux questions suivantes : — Qui etait Pierre Andre ? Qui etait Marianne Chevreuse ? Qn'est-ce que le pere de Ptiilippe Gaucher avait ^crit a Pierre Andr^? Comment se termine le roman intitule Marianne^ et quel est I'auteur de ce roman? 3. Racontez I'histoire de M. Destournelles telle que vous la trouvez dans la comedie intitulee Mademoiselle de la jSeigli^re. 4. Racontez une des fables suivantes, et ^crivez, si vous le pouvez, six ou huit vers d'une autre : Le Loup et VAgneau, le Menard et la Cigogne, le Cliene et le Roseau, le Lion et le Moucheron, le Lion et le Hat, VEnfant et le Maitre d'JEcole. 5. Racontez, d'apres Corneille, I'histoire des Horaces et des Curiaces. 6. Ecrivez huit ou dix lignes sur rAvare. 7. Traduisez en anglais : — (a) Je vous ^cris a c6te d'un poMe, la tete pesante et le coeur triste, en jetant les yeux sur la riviere de la Spree, parce que la Spree tombe dans I'Elbe, I'Elbe dans la mer, que la mer re9oit la Seine, et que notre maison de Paris est assez pr^s de cette riviere de Seine ; et je dis : Ma chere enfant, pourquoi suis-je dans ce palais, dans ce cabinet qui donne sur cette Spree, et non pas au coin de notre feu? Rien n'est plus beau que la decoration du palais du soleil dans Phaeton, Mademoiselle Astrua est la plus belle voix de FEurope ; mais fallait-il vous quitter pour un gosier a roulades et pour un roi? Que j'ai de remords, ma ch^re enfant! que mon ADVANCED FRENCH. 29 bouheur est empoisonne ! que la vie est courte ! qu'il est triste de chercher le bonheur loin de vous ! et que de remords si on le trouve ! Je suis a peine convalescent ; comment partir? Attendez- moi, aimez-moi, recevez-moi, consolez-moi, et ne me grondez pas. — Voltaire. (h) PomiER, seuL — Ah! mais il m'ennuie, mon gendre. Je vols bien qu'il n'y a rien a tirer de lui ... Ce gar9on-la mourra dans la gentilhomraerie finale. II ne veut rien faire, il n'est bon k rien ... II me coiite les yeux de la t^te . . . II est maltre chez moi ... II faut que 9a finisse. (7^ Sonne. — Entre un domestique.) Faites monter le portier et le cuisinier. (Le domestique sort.) Nous allons voir, mon gendre ! . . . J'ai assez fait le gros dos et la patte de velours. Vous he voulez ]pas faire de concessions, mon bel ami? A votre aise ! je n'en ferai pas plus que vous : restez marquis, je redeviens bourgeois. J'aurai du moins le con- tentment de vivre a ma guise. (c) PoiRiER, d, Gaston. — Dame ! le bilan est facile a .^tablir : vous avez regu cinq cent mille francs de la dot de ma fiUe. La corbeille de noces et les frais d'installation en out absorbe cent mille. Vous venez d'en donner deux cent dix-huit mille a vos creanciers ; il vous en reste done cent quatre-vingt-deux mille, qui, places au taux legal, represen- tent neuf mille livres de rente . . . Est-ce clair? Est-ce avec ce revenu que vous nourrirez vos amis de carpes a la Lithuanienne et de volailles a la Concordat? Croyez-moi, mon cher Gaston, restez chez moi, vous y serez encore mieux que chez vous. Pensez a vos enfants . . . qui ne seront pas f^ches de trouver un jour dans la poche du marquis de Presles les economies du bouhomme Poirier. A revoir, mon gendre ; je vais regier le compte de monsieur Vatel. (// sort.) 30 SOLID GEOMETRY. LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMBTRT. [One hour allowed; omit any two questions except 6.] 1. Find the logarithm of 0.1 in a system the base of which is 20. 2. The sine of an angle in the third quadrant is — m. Find the secant and the tangent of this angle. 3. Reduce esc x + ctn a? to a sinsfle function of — ° 2 4. Obtain an expression for cos {x + y) cos {x — y) in terms of the cosine of one angle and the sine of the other. 5. A gunboat lies 10 miles N.E. of a blockaded port. A priv£^teer leaves the port, sailing south at the rate of eight miles an hour. In what direction, and at what rate, must the gunboat sail to overhaul the privateer in three hours ? 6. A ship leaves Cape Cod (42° 2' N., 70° 3' W.), and sails N.E. 200 knots, E. 300 knots. Find, by Middle Lati- tude and Parallel Sailing, the latitude and longitude reached. 7. Obtain an expression for cos 3 x in terms of cos a?. SOLID GEOMETRY. One hour allowed, 1. Prove that the intersections of two parallel planes with a third plane are parallel ; and that parallel lines intercepted between two parallel planes are equal. 2. Prove that the section of a pyramid made by a plane parallel to the base is a polygon similar to the base. What is the corresponding proposition concerning a cone ? 3. Prove that two spherical triangles on the same sphere are equal or symmetrical if the three angles of one are respectively equal to the three angles of the other. ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. 31 When are two spherical triangles called equal? when sym- metrical ? 4. Define a regular polyedron. Show that no regular polyedron bounded by hexagons is possible. 5. The radius of a sphere is 5 feet. Find the area of the curved surface of the segment and the volume of the seg- ment cut off by a plane 3 feet from the centre of the sphere. (Take7r = 3f) ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. One hour allowed. 1. Prove that if two ellipses have the same major axis, and if, at points where they are cut by a perpendicular to this axis, tangents are drawn, these tangents will intersect on the major axis produced. 2. Given the base of a triangle and the length of the line drawn from one end of the base to the middle point of the opposite side : find the locus of the vertex. What is the name and what the position of the curve ? 3. Find the equation of a tangent at a given point of the hyperbola x^ — y^ = o? ] of the hyperbola '2xy — 1/. Prove that these hj'perbolas cross each other at right an- gles. 4. Find the equation of a diameter of a parabola in terms of the slope of the chords which it bisects. N.B. The slope of a line is the value of m, when its equation is written in the form y = mx -f- h. 32 MECHANICS. MECHANICS. One hour allowed. [Ask foe, Logarithmic Tables at the beginning of the hour, if they are not furnished to you. You will not need them till you reach the last part of the second questional 1. A triangle is cut off from a square, by a line joining the middle points of two adjacent sides of the square. Find the centre of gravity of the remaining pentagon ; proving that its distance from the centre of the square = -^-^ of the diagonal of the square. 2. A uniform gate, 6 feet wide and 4 feet high, and weighing 80 pounds, hangs by two hinges, which are at the top and bottom of the gate ; but so adjusted that the whole weight is borne by the support of the upper hinge. Find the direction and magnitude of the resultant pressure of the gate on the support of each hinge. 3. A body, weighing 100 pounds, placed on a rough plane, inclined 36° 20' to the horizon, is just prevented from sliding down the plane by a force of 10 pounds, directed up the plane. Find the coefficient of friction between the body and the plane ; and find the greatest force, directed up the plane, which could act on the body without dragging it up the plane. Find the greatest angle of inclination of the plane, at which no force would be needed to prevent sliding. 4. A square plate, abcd, lies on a smooth table. Strings, attached to the corners of the plate, pass over smooth pul- leys at the edge of the table, and sustain weights, which hang freely, and are such as to produce equilibrium. The string attached at a has the direction of the diagonal ca produced, and bears a weight of 37.2 ounces ; the string attached at b has the direction of the side ab produced, and bears a weight of 48.6 ounces; the strings attached at c and D are parallel to each other. Find the weight which each of these strings bears, and the direction of the string. June, 1887. ELEMENTARY. ENGLISH. Write a composition — with special attention to clearness of arrangement, accoracy of expression, and quality rather than quanity of matter — on one of the following sub- jects : — 1. An outline of the Story of Quentin Durward. 2. The escape of Isabelle of Croye from the Castle Hall of Schonwaldt. 3. How Quentin Durward outwitted the Bohemian Hay- raddin. 4. The character of King Louis XL as represented by Scott. 5. The Meeting of Louis XL and the Duke of Burgundy, at Peronne. 6. A Glimpse of William de la Marck, the Boar of Ar- dennes. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. Write your number on this paper. Correct on this paper all the errors you discover in the fol- lowing sentences : — 1. Being commissioned to relieve the beleaguered city, she sat out at the head of a force whose numbers were swelled by accessions all along the march. 34 ENGLISH. 2. It is not too much to say that he is known most and best by a single story ; one which we read in childhood and seem never to qnite forget. 3. It is most eflScacious when taken fasting and mixed with an equal quantity of hot water. 4. De la Marck, in short, saw he would not be supported, even by his own band, in any farther act of immediate vio- lence. 5. Tom stared at me, and I wished I was home. 6. Mr. Hastings did not reveal this to Mr. Marley, who, by the way, had fallen in love with Miss Hardcastle, whom he thought was the bar-maid. 7. When every worldly maxim arrayed itself against him ; when blasted in fortune, and disgrace and danger darkened around his name she loved him the more ardently for his very sufferings. 8. In seeing Miss Anderson's Juliet I think I have seen the part as well acted as I am likely to. 9. There was a grand baloon ascension which landed in West Wareham. 10. Last Saturday evening we celebrated the first annual existance of our paper amid the enthusiasm of hundreds of people. 11. Probably there was never known such a gathering in town since its foundation, and the result of an establishment of a newspaper in town with such a widespread circulation shows fairly what and who pursues its columns. 12. He was one whom nature seemed to have first made generously and then to have added music as a dominant power. GEEEK. 35 13. A feeling of sympathy for his fellow man, although in bondage, has at last induced the faculty to put into execu- tion the long-dreamt of idea of laying board walks throughout the college yard. 14. Some of this wax Ulysses gave to each sailor to put in his ears and prevent him hearing the Sirens. 15. One finds in the reviews of to-day, articles ranging from a sermon to a story and of course many excellent ones, but the efficacy of these latter are destroyed by the stiff, un- familiar style in which they are written and which usually does away with whatever interest we may take in the subject. 16. We wish to congratulate '87 on her well-earned suc- cess, as by winning this race she placed the victor's wreath on her head which will be remembered long after the mem- bers of the present seniors are scattered in the four corners of the world. 17. Soliciting your inquiry either in person or letter before you shall locate your home at this Island in the Ocean. I am, Most Respectfully, X. Y. GREEK. [Subject. — Tissaphernes, over-confident because of an accession of troops from the interior, bids Agesilaus leave Asia. His answer, and the sub- sequent course of events.] Translate : — 'ETrel 8e /xe^a Sid TTjV dTrdrrjv, rep ovn vofiiG-a^i iirl rbv avTOv 20 ol/cov et? l^apiav avrov opfujaeiv, ro fxev ire^ov dirav Bte^i/Sacrev eKelae, to 8' Iititlkov eU to ISlaLdvBpov ttcSlov 'jrepLrjye, vo/jlI^cov l/cavof; elvai KaTanraTrjaai, tj} 'lttitw T0vi. IScbv Se avrov Aapelo<^, hopvi^6po<; re eatv }La/jL^vae(o ^ koI \6yov ovBev6<; kco jieydXov eireOvpLrjo-e 5 T^9 j(Xaviho^ Kal avrrjv TrpoaeXdcov oiveero.^ 6 Be " ^vXocrcbv opecov tov Aapelov fieydXcof; eircOv/jLeovTa rrj^ '^aviho'^ Oelrj T{))(r) '^peofjuevo^ Xeyet • 'E^yaJ ravTTjv LATIN. 53 TTCoXeco ^ fjiev ovBevo<; ^pTy/^aro?, SlBcofjii Se aXXo)?,* eYirep ovrco Sec yeveaOac 7rdvTco<^. alveaa^ ravra 6 Aapelo'^ 10 TrapaKafi^dvei to elfia. 6 [xev Sr) ^vXocrcov rjiriaraTO oi TOVTO diroXcoXevai hi evijOecav,^ d)<; Be rod ')(^p6vov TTpo^alvovTO^ }^afjb/3v(T7](; re aTieOave kol tc3 p^d'^cd eira- vecTTTjaav ol eTrrd ^ /cal ifc to)v eirra Aapelo<; rrjv [3acn- Xtjltjv eaye, irvvddveTai o XvXoacov, co? rj /SaaiXyLT] 15 7repLe\7]\v6oi e? tovtov tov dvBpa, to) Kore avTO<; eBco/ce iv AlyvTTTq) BerjOevTL to elp^a. Herod. III. 139, 140. 1 Cambyses, son of Cyrus the Great. 2 Conative imperfect. ^ g^n * gratis. ^ good-nature. ^ The seven Persian nobles who overthrew the Magus. (e) Name the parts (with their meanings) of which the following words are compounded : evrvxcrj (1) ; BopvSign. V. Give your opinion of the literary worth of the following passage, arranging your criticism under the heads of (a) Clearness, (b) Force, (c) Elegance, and (d) General Re- marks : — Power, of some kind or other, will survive the shock in which manners and opinions perish ; and it will find other and worse means for its support. The usurpation which, in order to subvert ancient institutions, has destroyed ancient principles, will hold power by arts similar to those by which it has acquired it. When the old feudal and chivalrous spirit of fealty, which, by freeing kings from fear, freed both kings and subjects, from the precautions of tyranny, shall be extinct in the minds of men, plots and assassinations will be anticipated by preventive murder and preventive confisca- tion, and that long roll of grim and bloody maxims, which form the political code of all power not standing on its own honor, and the honor of those who are to obey it. Kings will be tyrants from policy when subjects are rebels from principle. PHYSICS A. 69 PHYSICS A. 1. Describe the thermo-electric pile, and galvanometer. 2. What experiments show that heat is produced by fric- tion? 3. "What is the mechanical equivalent of heat? 4. How is it measured? 5. What is heat supposed to be? 6. What is the condition of a gaseous body?- 7. What is essential to the production of light, as well as heat? 8. What experiments show the energy of molecular mo- tions? 9. How is the melting-point altered by pressure? 10. On what does the boiling-point of a liquid depend? 11. Illustrate the difference between potential and actual energy. 12. What experiments illustrate the spheroidal condition of matter? 13. Explain the trade winds. 14. How do they affect the climate of Europe and America ? 15. What are Faraday's experiments on relegation? CHEMISTRY A. 1. The symbol C4H10O gives what information in regard to the substance called ether ? 2. The expression Zn -f (2 HCl + Aq) = (ZnCla + Aq) -f H2 gives what information in regard to the process it rep- resents ? 70 CHEMISTRY. 3^ The composition of alcohol is as follows : — Carbon 52.18 Hydrogen 13.04 Oxygen 34.78 100.00 The density of the vapor of alcohol is 23 times that of hydrogen. Calculate the symbol of alcohol. 4. Describe the three laws which govern chemical changes, and illustrate by examples. 5. How many liters of hydrogen gas can be made from 100 grams of zinc by the reaction given above? ^6._A volume of gas (free to expand under constant pres- sure) measures 600 centimeters at the freezing-point. What would it measure at 182° C. provided all other conditions re- mained unchanged ? H=l. = 16. Cr=12. Zn=65. The weight of one liter (1000 c. m.) of hydrogen gas is yf^ of a gram. Absolute temperature equals centigrade temperature plus 273°. CLASSIFIED PAPERS. LATIN. TRANSLATION AT SIGHT AND SENTENCES. July, 1887. I. Translate Bell. Gall. VIII. 38. II. Translate : — 1 . You wish to go away at the beginning of summer. 2. He answered that the Suevi would return to their homes across the Rhine. 3. "Let me come to Rome," he said, "to persuade the Senate not to favor our enemies." 4. By learning the causes of all things we are freed from the fear of death. September, 1887. I. Translate Bell. Gall. VIII. 43. suspensi, compare in suspense. II. Translate : — 1. Caesar, seeing that his soldiers were hard pressed, sent Labienus to encourage them. 2. In our times, if the flames cannot be extinguished by water, they tear down the houses, a method {ratio) which they used also in ancient times at Rome. 3. Our soldiers ran much faster than the enemy. 4. It was for Cicero's interest to unite with Brutus and Cassius. 72 LATIN. September, 1886. I. Translate Caes. Bell. Gall. VIII. 28. II. Translate : — 1. Caesar, wishing to find out how much courage his men had, commanded them to storm the town in a night attack. 2. The numbers of the enemy were, however, too great for our men to withstand. 3. A Gallic chief was captured and sent to the senate at Rome and by them was pardoned. July, 1886. I. Translate : — 1. The consul sent two messengers to warn the king not to make an attack upon his allies. 2. Let us forget the wrongs which our enemies have done us, and take care that we do no wrong to others ourselves. 3. You, who have so much money, may lead such a life, but it is not possible for those who are in want to do so. 4. Since this is so, you ought to choose the work which you like best to do, and then do it with all your might. II. Translate : — Cum in Pontum venisset copiasque omnes in unum locum coegisset, quae numero atque exercitatione bellorum medio- cres erant (excepta enim legione sexta, quam secum ad- duxerat Alexandria veteran am multis laboribus periculisque functam reliquae erant tres legiones, una Deiotari, duae, quae in eo proelio, quod Cn. Domitum fecisse cum Pharnace scripsimus, fuerant) , legati a Pharnace missi Caesarem adeunt atque imprimis deprecantur, ne eius adventus hostilis esset : facturum enim omnia Pharnacen, quae imperata essent. maxi- meque commemorabant nulla Pharnacem auxilia contra Cae- sarem Pompei dare voluisse, cum Deiotarus, qui dedisset, LATIN. 73 tamen ei satisf ecisset. Caesar respondit se fore aequissimum Pharnaci, si quae polliceretur repraesentaturus esset. monuit autem, ut solebat, mitibus verbis legates, ne aut Deiotarum sibi obicerent, aut nimis eo gloriarentur beneficio, quod auxilia Pompeio non misissent. nam se neque libentius facere quicquam quam supplicibus ignoscere, neque pro- vinciarum publicas iniurias condonare iis posse, qui fuissent in se officiosi. September, 1885. I. TRAif SLATE : 1. I came from Rome to Athens in four days. 2. It is a great question whether Caesar favored the con- spiracy of Catiline or not. 3. I am much pleased that you have used the gifts of for- tune wisel}^, and have been content with what the gods have thought you worthy to receive. 4. What would you give to live a hundred years? II. Translate Bell. Gall. VII. 39. June, 1885. I. Translate : — 1. The soldier said that he should have stayed at Rome unless his brother had come from Capua. 2. The consul was persuaded to pardon those who had threatened him with death. 3. This very war, which has lasted nine 3'ears, could be finished in a year if we might enroll all the Italian soldiers. 4. The consul received orders through his lieutenant to allow the town to be fortified by the Greeks with strong fortifications. II. Translate Bell. Civ. I. 22. T4 LATIN. September, 1884. I. Translate Bell. Civ. I. 14. Explain the case of Bomam, and the mood and tense of profugeret. Give the principal parts of irivasit, profectus. colUgunt, attribuit. What were gladiato7'esf II. Translate : — 1. Pythagoras was born at Samos, but afterwards betook himself to Italy and taught philosophy for many years at Croton and Metapontum. 2. After the battle of Pharsalus, Caesar used the utmost clemency toward the conquered. 3. If you say this, no one will believe you. 4. Caesar, having crossed the river, encamped at the top of a hill which was 500 paces distant from the stream, and sent out scouts (exploratores) to find out the plans of the enemy. June, 1884. I. Translate : — 1. I do not doubt that Hector was the bravest of the men who fought at Troy. 2. The old Roman soldier would have been ashamed if he had surrendered in order to save his life. 3. The Arcadians were older than the moon itself if we may believe what they say of themselves. 4. Caesar ordered the town to be taken by the cavalry by a night attack. II. Translate Bell. Civ. I. 44. September, 1883. I. Translate Caes. Bell. Gall. VII. 70. II. Translate : — 1. They declared that they would tell all they knew, un- less money were given them. LATIN. 75 2. The Greeks came with an armj^ to besiege the town. 3. I am afraid that the man will die before the physician arrives. 4. Are you not ashamed of your avarice ? 5. When Corinth was taken, Mummius returned to Rome with great boot}^ 6. No commander was ever more beloved by his soldiers than Germanicus. June, 1883. I. Translate : — 1. The kings of the most distant lands sent ambassadors to congratulate Augustus on his victory. 2. Remember the kindnesses which you have received and forget the injuries. 3. Do you advise me to attempt so important a thing without consulting the gods? 4. He ordered those houses at Naples to be destroyed by the soldiers by fire. Translate Bell. Civ. III. 30 (to "per Graecos defe- runtur ") . September, 1882. I. Translate : — 1. We must go away from Athens to-morrow, and shall arrive at Rome within two days. 2. Is there any town in Italy greater than Rome? 3. Pardon him, and you will not repent of the deed. 4. They sent ambassadors to Carthage to demand satis- faction. II. Translate Caes. Bell. Gall. VII. 78, 79 (from " Sen- tentiis dictis constituunt" to " munitionibus considunt"). 76 XENOPHON AT SIGHT AND SENTENCES. June, 1882. I. Translate Nepos, Pelop. XVI. 5 (from " Conflictatus autem est " to " agro donaruut"). II. Translate : — 1. Have you forgotten who commanded the Carthaginians at Zama? 2. Having got possession of the town, he ordered the pi-e- fect to close all the gates. 3. He advised the consul to go to Ephesus, the chief town of that region. 4. The soldier confessed that he was sorry for his coward- ice, and begged Caesar to pardon him. XENOPHON AT SIGHT AND SENTENCES. September, 1887. Translate : — 1. The enemy put the army to flight.^ 2. When it became evening^ the horsemen came from the city. 3. The woman admired the discipline ^ of the army. 4. But he himself marched to the garrisons '* and there remained. 5. If the barbarians have broken the truce, the gods will fight on our side. 6. Cyrus is said to have said that he wished to learn this. 7. Let the hoplites be at hand with their arms. 8. The king's brother made an alliance with him. ^ rpeTTO^ai. ^ ecTrepa. ^ rd^is. * (ppovpiov. XENOPHON AT SIGHT AND SENTENCES. 77 September, 1886. [Subject. — Pharnabazus resolves to make vigorous war upon the Lacedaemonians.] I. Translate Xen. Hell. IV. 8. 6 and 7, to ets rrjv AaKeBai/JiOva. iirepaiue = he made no progress toivards. cvrpeTrlCea-daL = to conciliate. Trepl TrauThs iiroLeTro = set above everything. II. Translate : — 1. The messengers took him by the girdle and led him away. 2. If the citizens should be willing, the generals would send Siwaj their soldiers. 3. He assembled the barbarians and told them to fight. 4. I am afraid that Cyrus will die. 5. I said this that the}^ might be wiser. 6. According to the agreements he denied that there was another road. 7. While he was saying this he heard the trumpet. 8. If Cyrus dies, we shall be afraid. July, 1886. [Subject. — Naval operations of Athens and Sparta in the East.] I. Translate Xen. Hell. lY. 8. 23 and 24. iXoLTTw . . . ^ ware = too small . . . to. iirl (Tviiixaxia rrj = according to the alliance with. cvfxfjt.axio.v = a force of allies. II. Translate : -— 1. He asked them who said this. 2. They were willing to wait, and Cyrus sent a messenger to the king. 78 XENOPHON AT SIGHT AKD SENTENCES. 3. If he should kill Orontes, the generals would be more faithful. 4. I ordered him to remain for two da^'s that I might converse with him. 5. They took care to become friends of the soldiers. 6.' If they do not obey their commanders, these soldiers will be worsted. 7. Let him give the peltasts pay for three months. 8. Tissaphernes said that Darius was ill. September, 1885. [Subject. — Agesilaus' campaign in Asia Minor. The Persians discon- certed. The satrap Tissaphernes executed.] I. Translate Xen. Agesil. I. 32 and 35. alriaadai = to blame. iroie^aOat = to consider. e\ev6epovv = to set (/i) free. diaKpiveaOai = to decide. dOvfios = discouraged. ippw/xei/os = vigorous. II. Translate : — 1. Order the cavalry to proceed slowly. 2. The general says that he has persuaded the allies to fight. 3. He was greatly troubled^ because he had been reviled by his own brother. 4. When our dead are buried, we will cross the river. 5. Who will be elected general, if this brave leader dies? 6. There were many orators at Athens worthy of admira- tion. 7. If you dare to do this, we will absolutely oppose you. 8. He will delay his march that he may make a review of the army. XENOPHON AT SIGHT AND SENTENCES. 79 June, 1885. [Subject. — An oath of alliance proposed by Athens after Leuctra to be sworn to by her Peloponnesian allies.] I. Translate Xen. Hell. VI. 5. 1. aKoXovdelv = to follow. SianOevai =■ to treat. fierex^iv = to share. Koiuoovelv = to be partners. eiJ./x4veiu = to abide by. avrSvofios = indepen- dent. II. Translate : — 1. These brave men were beheaded by order of the satrap. 2. If the general sends for ships, you will be at a loss what to do. 3. Who believes that Socrates was put to death justly? 4. Let us send two messengers to announce^ what we must do. 5. He must exercise both himself and his horses. 6. If we should give up our arms, the king would inflict punishment on our leaders. 7. He announced that the exiles were fleeing at full speed. 8. He had feared that he might be encircled in the moun- tains. September, 1884. [Subject. — Cyrus, inquiring for Abradates, is told how he died.] I. Translate Cyrop. VII. 3. 2-6. Oa/xiCcov = to be often with one. (TT7(pos — column. wx^'i^To = to ride. •irpoJ 1. Three students, J., 5, and (7, agree to work out a series of difficult problems, in preparation for an examina- tion ; and each student determines to solve a fixed number of problems every day. A solves 9 problems per day, and finishes the series 4 days before B ; B solves 2 more prob- lems per day than (7, and finishes the series 6 days before C. Find the number of problems, and the number of days given to them by each student. 2i Solve the following equation, reducing the answers to their simplest form : — a (l+2a.O _ h{?>x-l) \ _ 0. l-\-3x \b{l-j-Sx) a{2x-{-l) 3. Solve tlie equation V3 ^ 1 ■\/2 x—1 — V^ — 2 -y/x — 1 4. A certain whole number, composed of three digits, has the following properties : 10 times the middle digit exceeds the square of half the sum of the digits by 21 ; if 99 be added to the number, the order of the digits is inverted ; and if the number be divided by 11, the quotient is a whole number, of two digits, which are the same as the first and last dibits of the orio'inal number. Find the number. ALGEBRA. 103 5. Given ^ + ^^ = 8 ; find the value of l^Rull, 7x — 2y 2x — y 6. Find the greatest common divisor of Sx'^-x^-2x^ + 2x-8 and 6x^-i-13x' + 3x-{-20. 7. Find the square root of 4: — 12x + 6x^-\-26i^-29x'^-10xP-{-25x^ Jime, 1884. 1. A landowner laid out a rectangular lot containing 1200 square yards. He afterwards added three yards to one dimension of his lot, and subtracted 1^ j^ards from the other, thereby increasing the area of his lot by 60 square j'ards. Find the dimensions of the lot before and after the change. How do you explain the negative solution? 2. Solve the equation 03 + 1 2 x-{-2 c ex ax — bx ^ reducing the answers to their simplest forms. 3. Solve the equations . ^ a^ + /=52, xy-\-24:=0. Find all the sets of answers, and state which answers be- long: toojether. 2. 1 l _2, JL _1 4. Multiply a^ — a^ -^1 — a ^ -{- a ^ by a^ + 1 + a ^. Simplify the following expression : 26 ^x^'^fy-'^ \i/xj _ 104 ALGEBRA. 5. Prove that, if the corresponduig terms of two propor- tions be multiplied together, the result is a proportion. 6. Find the greatest common divisor of d :^ — 7 x^ -i- 8sc^ -{- 2x — 4. siud 6x^ — 7 a^ — lOx'^. -\- 6x + 2. September, 1883. 1. A man setting out on a journey drives at the rate of a miles per hour to the nearest railway station distant b miles from his house. On arriving at the station he finds that the express for his destination has left c hours before. At what rate should he have driven in order to reach the station just in time for the express ? Having obtained the general solution, find what the answer becomes in the fol- lowing cases : — (l)c = 0, (2)c = ^, (3)c = -^ a a In case (2) how much time does the man have to drive from his house? In case (3) what is the meaning of the negative value of c ? 2. Solve the equation (2x-l)^-(Sx+l)^={x-4:)^. 3. Solve the equation ax l/ic — 3 1 a^x — 2 a\ a-x — 2 xj 2x — o?x^ reducing answers to lowest terms. What do answers become ifa = _l? 4. Reduce to lowest terms Qx^ — 2x'^— lloi? 4- 5a;- - 10a; 9af + 3a;^- 11 a;^ + 9a;- - lOoj* ALGEBEA. 105 5. Value of a«? | Qi^g reasons. Value of a-" J Find all the answers, and state what values of x and y belong together. June, 1883. 1. Solve the equation 1 ^ Aax^-Sb(x-2) x" 2a{x'-\-l) + 3b ' 2. A man walks at a regular rate of speed on a road which passes over a certain bridge, distant 21 miles from the point which the man has reached at noon. If his rate of speed were half a mile per hour greater than it is, the time at which he crosses the bridge would be an hour earlier than it is. Find his actual rate of speed, and the time at which he crosses the bridge. Explain the negative answer. 3. Find the prime factors of the coefficient of the 6th term of the 19th power of (a — 5). What are the exponents in the same term, and what is the sign? 4. Reduce the following fraction to its lowest terms : — a;^ + 2x^ + 9 x*-Ax^ + 10x^-12x-\-9 5. Prove that, if a : 6 = c : c?, a-\-b __ a — h _a _h _ c -\-d c — d G d 6. Solve the equations xy = 4:-y"-, 2x^ — f— 17.(^^ Find all the answers, and show what values of x and y belong together. 106 ALGEBRA. September, 1882. x — Sa-}- 1. Simplify ^1±_^. X ■ — a-{-x 2. Solve the equations a X y 3. Find the factors of the least common multiple of 3a)^ + 2iz;* + a;' and 3^4 + 20.-? - 3aj- + 2a; - 1. 4. Solve the equation (3 + 62) {x^-x-[-\) = {?>h''-\-l) {x^ + x + \). 5. Find the terms which do not contain radicals in the development of (v,.-v?y. 6. A hires a certain number of acres for $420. He lets all but four of them to JB, receiving for each acre $2.50 more than he pays for it. The whole amount received from B is $420. Find the number of acres. 7. Which is the larger, -^10 or -y/46 ? Give the reason for your answer. 1. Simplify June, 1882. y^ 4- ca c^ -\- ah {a-b){a-c) (6+c)(6-a) {c-a){G-{-b) ALGEBRA. 107 2. A man bought a certain number of sheep for $300 ; he kept 15 sheep, and sold the remainder for $270, gaining half / a dollar a head. How many sheep did he buy, and at what price ? 3. Find the greatest common divisor of 2a^-llic2_9 and4a^ + lla;* + 81. ^ 4. Solve the equation (4a^- 6^) (0^^4-1) ^0^, 4a^ + 52 Reduce the answers to their lowest terms. 5. Find the square root of 6. A and B can do a piece of work in 18 days ; A and C can do it in 45 days ; B and C in 20 days. Find the time in which A, B, and C can do it, working together. September, 1881. 1. Solve the equation 4a2 . 4a2-&2 52 x-\-2 x(x^ — 4r) x — 2 2. Multiply ^±1 _ ^iz:! i^ b oH^y^ x — y x + y a^-?/2 2y 3. Solve the equations m n n m , O — + - = «, - + — = 5. / X y X y y 4. Find the greatest common measure of x'^ — llbx-^24 and 24aj^ — 115^;^ + 1. 108 ALGEBEA. 5. A man bought a number of railway shares when they were at a certain rate per cent discount for $8500 ; and after- wards, when they were at the same rate per cent premium, he sold all but 20 of them for $9200. How many did he buy, and what 'did he give for each of them ? 6. Find the last four terms of reducing the numerical part of each term to its prime factors. September, 1880. 1. Simplest form of X -\- y x^ -{- y^ fx — y a? — y x — y XT — yj \x -\-y x^ + y % G.C.D. and L.C.M. of a;6 4_ 3 ar^ _|- 3 a;4 -j. 9 0^3 _ 4 ^2 _ 12 a; and fl?*^ + 3 07^ — cc^ — 3 oj^. /aVa / y^ 3. Find 6th term of ( — 6 V 6^ , reducing the literal part of the term to its simplest form, and leaving the numer- ical part as a product of its prime factors. 4. • A reservoir, supplied by several pipes, can be filled in 15 hours, every pipe discharging into it the same fixed number of hhds. per hour. If there were 5 more pipes, and every pipe discharged per hour 7 hhds. less, the reservoir would be filled in 12 hours. If the number of pipes were 1 less, and every pipe discharged per hour 8 hhds. more, the reservoir would be filled in 14 hours. Find number of pipes and capacity of reservoir. ALGEBRA. 109 5. Solve ?^±l-§M:i = lfi-IV ;> b a x\b aj ^ Work out completely and carefully, and reduce answers to simplest forms. July, 1880. 1 . Reduce to its simplest form 1 X a; — 2 2x+l 2 . Divide 6 ic'"+3'' — 1 9 a;'"+2« _j- 20 x'^+'' —loT — l x"^-"" by 3. Find the fourth term of [-^ — — ) , reducing it \ 3 a J to its simplest form. 4. Find the greatest common measure and the least com- mon multiple of 2cc^ — llfl?^ — 9 and 4ic^+ lla;*-f-81• 5. A man walks 2 hours at the rate of 41 miles per hour. He then adopts a different rate. At the end of a certain time, he finds that if he had kept on at the rate at which he set out, he would have gone three miles further from his starting-point ; and that if he had walked three hours at his first rate and half an hour at his second rate, he would have reached the point he has actually attained. Find the whole time occupied by the walk and his final distance from the starting-point. 6. Solve the equation a _ h{2x+\;\ _ 1 1 6(2a;-l) a{x''-l) {2x-l){x+l) {2x-l){x-l) Reduce the answers to their simplest forms. (Work out completely and carefully.) t> 110 ALGEBRA. September, 1879. 1. Several friends, on an excursion, spent a certain snm of money. If there had been 5 more persons in the party, and each person had spent 25 cents more, the bill would have amounted to $33. If there had been 2 less in the party, and each person had spent 30 cents less, the bill would have amounted to only $11. Of how many did the party consist, and what did each spend? Find all possible answers. 2. Solve the equations 2x-{- 42/ + 272; = 28, 7x— 3y—15z= 3, px-10y^33z= 4. 3. Solve the equation x-\-3h , 3& _ a + 36 ~T 8ci'-12ab 4a2-962 (2a + 35) (a;- 36) Reduce the answers to their simplest forms. (Work out completely and carefull3\) 4. Calculate the 6th term of / -^a V2 Y Reduce the answer to its simplest form, cancelling all com- mon factors of numerator and denominator, performing the numerical multiplications, and giving a result which has only one radical sign and no negative or fractional exponents. 5. Sunplify the fraction 2x_±y^ 4^_±y^ 2x — if 4:X^ — y^ 2x — y^ 8 X' — y^' 2x~+f 8a."^-f2/^ ALGEBEA. Ill 6. Find the greatest common measure and the least com- mon multiple of 4a3^ + 14aa;*-18aV and 24.ax^ -^30a^x+126a\ June, 1878. 1. Two workmen, A and J5, are employed on a certain job at different wages. When the job is finished, A receives $27.00, and B, who has worked 3 days less, receives $18.75. If B had worked for the whole time, and A 3 days less than the whole time, they would have been entitled to equal amounts. Find the number of days each has worked, and the pay each receives per diem. 2. Find the value of x from the proportion Express the answer in its simplest form, free from negative and fractional exponents. 3. Simplify the expression x' + y' x^-y^ x^--{- y'' X — y x-\-y x-{-y x — y 4. Write out the first five terms and the last five terms of (x-yy\ 5. Find the value of x from the equations ax-\-'by=l^ cy -\-dz ■= m, ex -\-fz = n. j> 112 ANCIENT HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 6. Find the greatest common divisor and the least com- mon multiple of 6x^ -\-7 x — 5 and 2qi:^ — x^-\-8x— A, 7. Solve the equation aj + 13a + o5 a — 2b t 5a — 3b — x X -\-2b = 1. ANCIENT HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. September, 1886. I. 1. Give an account of the races which inhabited Italy before the founding of Rome. 2. What were the principal Greek colonies on the shores of the Mediterranean ? For what were three of them cele- brated ? II. 8. Describe the three forms of the Roman comitia and trace the development of the comitia trib^ita. 4. What were some causes of the victory of Rome in the Punic wars ? The effect of this victory upon Italy ? 5. Explain patria potestas, princeps senatus, municipium, ager Momanus, equites. III. 6. Describe the battle of Salamis, and show its impor- tance in Greek history. 7. Describe as fully as possible the early training of Alexander of Macedon and his conquest of Asia. 8. [Take any three.] Solon, Plato, Herodotus, Lysan- der, Aeschylus. When and where did they live, and for what Were they noted? ANCIENT HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 113 July, 1886. I. 1. Indicate or describe the geographical position of the mountains Parnassus and Olympus ; of the rivers Achelous, Liris, and Ticinus ; of the cities Megalopolis and Panormus. 2. Give the names of the political divisions and the chief cities of Italy which were situated upon the Mare Superum. Where were Tyre, Lamia, and Saguntum? n. 3. What were" the institutions and natural ties which tended to keep alive a national spirit among the Greeks? What part did the Amphictyonic council play in the his- tor3^ of Greece ? 4. The Peace of Mcias ; of Callias. Give a brief account, with dates. How do you account for the Supremacy of Tliebes ? 5. Critias, Demetrius, Aeschylus, Thucydides. Give a brief account of three. III. 6. The Valerian and Horatian laws. The agrarian law of Tiberius Gracchus. 7. Mention the curule magistrates, and describe the pow- ers and duties of any two of them. 8. Aemilius Paulus, Sulla. Where did they live, and for what were they noted? Explain pleUscitum^ senatus con- suUum, lustrum, novus homo. 114 ANCIENT HISTORY AND GEOGEAPHY. June, 1885. I. 1. Name the principal divisions of G-reece. Give the situation of six of the most celebrated cities. 2. Name the countries included in the Roman dominions at the end of the Mithridatic war. n. 1. The form of government among the Greeks in the Heroic Ages. What other forms of government were after- ward adopted? 2. Give an account of the Sicilian expedition. 3. Give the dates and state briefly the causes of Athenian, Spartan, Theban and Macedonian supremacy in G-reece. III. 1. The importance in Roman history of the dates b.c. 48 ; 44; 42; 31. 2. Comment briefly upon : " The real lesson to be learned from the overthrow of the Roman Commonwealth is that states which boast themselves of their own freedom should not hold other states in bondage." 3. Give the names and dates of the Claudian Emperors, with some account of one of them. June, 1885. I. 1. (a) The Aryan settlement of Europe. (b) What peoples were settled in Spain before the Roman conquest ? ANCIENT HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 115 2. Indicate the extent of the geographical knowledge of the ancients and name the principal countries known to them. n. 1. " This war might be looked on as a war between loni- ans and Dorians, between democracy and oligarchy." What war ? Explain the remark quoted. Give dates of the chief events of the war. 2. State the extent of the empire of Alexander the Great. What were some of the effects of Alexander's conquests ? 3. B.C. 490, 480, 405, 387, 371, 338, 331, 323: to what events in the history of Greece do these dates point ? III. 1. The curule magistrates. Name them and state their functions. 2. What was the condition of the Italian states under Rome ? 3. Marius and Sulla. ' June, 1884. I. 1. Enumerate (or indicate upon a map if you prefer) the countries conquered by Rome and included in the Empire of Augustus. Give a summary account of the conquest of two of them. 2. Describe accurately the situation of six of the follow- ing places, and name an important historical event connected with each, with the date : Coriuthus, Cynoscephalae, Arbela, Carthago, Cunaxa, Hierosolyma, Agrigentum, Sphacteria, Aquae Sextiae, Numantia. 116 ANCIENT HISTOEY AND GEOGEAPHY. II. 1. Give a brief account of the public services of three leading men at Athens, at the period of the Persian wars. 2. The Thirty Tyrants. 3. Name in proper order, with dates, the chief events of the Peloponnesian War. Also the chief events in the life of Philip of Macedon. ni. 1. Events at Rome in the years B.C. 451-449. 2. The Roman Senate — its number, its mode of election, and its powers and duties. 3. The Battle of Philip pi and the Battle of Actium, with the period between (with dates) . September, 1883. I. 1. Name and place the chief seaports of the Mediterra- nean. 2. Draw an outline map of ancient Italy, showing the chief rivers, towns, and political divisions. II. 1. The Thebans in Greek history. 2. Changes in form of government at Athens. 3. Pisistratus ; Pericles ; Conon ; Timoleon. III. 1. What was the Ager Romanus ? What political questions arose in relation to it ? 2. Government of Italy, and treatment of Italians by Rome. 3. Story of the Decemvirs. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 117 SPECIMENS OP BAD ENGLISH. September, 1886. Correct on this paper all the errors jon discover in the following sentences, the work of candidates for admission to Harvard College : — . 1 . Then hear Lady Macbeth call her husband a coward and saying that she herself wished to be a man. 2. He was the author of Paradise Lost and Regained also of many "Arguments." 3. But to make the other part clear, Tony Lumkin's mother wished him to marry her niece ; but the dislike for each other was mutual on their part, but pretended they were deeply in love in Mrs. Hardcastle's sight. 4. Mr. Hardcastle has drilled his servants, and given the part which he will perform, to each one. 5. At the inn he meets the half-brother of the young lady, who is enjoying himself in his way. He directs him to his father's house as an inn, in order to witness the consterna- tion of his step-father, at the thought of his house being taken for an inn. 6. Tony was a wild and awkward fellow, while, on the other contrary. Miss Hardcastle was very obedient and graceful. 7. Oliver Goldsmith presents in this story a striking aray of intricate and laughable positions which a man, without bordering upon the improbable, can imagine circumstances to place him. 8. The play, " She Stoops to Conquer," represents the mistakes of a young man, who has been sent by his father 118 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. to visit a friend of his, thinking it possible to arrange a match between that friend's daughter and his son. 9. Neither she nor Tony entertain any thoughts of marriage. 10. Mrs. Hardcastle wishes Tony Lumpkin to marry Miss Neville, while he, in reality, objects, although he is afraid to appear so. 11. Macbeth would have preferred to have compassed his design without resorting to the end he did. 12. It has always been a question in my mind whether Shakespere intended the ghost of Banquo to really appear on the stage as an ideal ghost, or whether it was his intention to convey the impression that the ghost was a creation of Macbeth's diseased mind. 13. At last, goaded on by his wife he does the deed, and murders the old king, as he slept. 14. The climax of Macbeth's life was now approaching. Still he trusted to the prophesy that he would not die, "Until Birnam "Wood comes unto Dunsinane." 15. She wouldn't have liked it if she knew that Miss Neville were engaged to Hastings. 16. Mr. Hardcastle was watching eagerly for a young man to make him a visit, whom he hoped some day would be his son-in-law. June, 1886. 1. These chapters prove that the boy Grant and the man Grant were as nearly alike as bud and flower — that the latter cannot be accounted for without the former is studied. 2. It is a pity these things are not more studied by the electorate, and that in addition to reading Mr. Gladstone's SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 119 and Mr. Chamberlain's speeches, they would sometimes read also Lord Granville's despatches. 3. This is one of the reasons wh}^ the author did, and every one else ought, to love nature. 4. A convent, a lunatic asylum, or a husband — either will do. 5. Colonel Enderby stepped out on to the gravel. 6. If I was you, I wouldn't let my husband talk in that way. 7. One alumnae recently pledged $5000 for improvements in the opportunities for physical culture at Vassar, on condi- tion that $15,000 more should be raised by alumnae. 8. A celebrated anatomist, a profound chemist, and one of the first phj^siologists in Europe, it was a relief to him to turn from these subjects. 9. In proportion as either of these two qualities are want- ing, the language is imperfect. 10. Madame Voss had a clearer insight to the state of her niece's mind than had her husband. 11. A British and Yankee skipper were sailing side by side. 12. She had not spoken hardly above a word during that interview. 13. We may fairly regard the book as a collection of youthful reflections as to the advisability of publishing which the poet had not yet made up his mind, and perhaps had he lived would have suppressed. 14. He considered it his duty to remonstrate with a woman whom he plainly'- saw was very much out of place there. 120 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 15. On reaching the office he heard a door creak in the basement, and upon going down stairs some one ran up. 16. The roof covers quite a considerable area of ground. 17. Lord D , whose good nature was unbounded and which, in regard to myself, had been measured by his com- passion perhaps for my condition, faltered at this request. 18. I never heard him say he had, and I would be likely to know. 19. These figures are certainly conclusive as to the abiUty of veterans to more than hold their own under existing circumstances. 20. The Yale News complains of smoking in their gym- nasium. September, 1885. 1. No pupil ever graduated from this school who was more earnest, thorough, and painstaking in their work. 2. We should like to name the sum, but it would be mak- ing public out of private affairs, and therefore must be omitted. 3. The game opened decidedly in favor of Brinley, al- though the friends of Knapp, flushed with his victory over J. S. Clark yesterday, and who is considered the best except Sears, expected great things from him. 4. She was so intent on the sport, that she allowed the sun to severely blister her hands. 5. Figuratively speaking, the Bostons literally swept the ground with the Providences at the South end yesterday afternoon. 6. Her complement of officers from the Captain down have filled their posts with credit to themselves and to the appreciation of all who have patronized the line. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 121 7. Mrs. John Jones, while laying a covering cloth upon her parlor carpet got it entangled in her feet by which she was thrown down breaking the hip bone. 8. Exhibitors are requested not to lose their tags, nor to put them on the dogs, when practicable, until just before presenting them at the door. 9. No ready-thinking, progressive New England girl will for a moment be satisfied with any half-way measures, but will prefer to be put on a basis with her brother, and be willing to stand the same tests of ability and scholarship ; and this is as it should be. 10. I was unable to give that close application to the work which I would have wished. 11. My dogs ate the New Process Dog Biscuit from the beginning ravishly, which surprised me, for the other kinds of biscuit the dogs had to be starved and coaxed to eat them. 12. Finding at your office, and having consulted you, you advised me to visit the other school before deciding, which I did, but came to the conclusion that your facilities were far superior to all others. 13. One word with regard to the corps of teachers: as instructors their equals cannot be surpassed. 14. He had to give up the stage on account of his health being utterly broken down. 15. He gives this lecture by invitation of several lovers of the horse, who meet the expenses of the same. June, 1885. 1. Pitt and Fox both died a month after each other. 2. His mother was a tight-rope dancer, who lost her life while performing that feat. 122 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 3. Charles died a promising j^oung clergyman, to the in- tense grief of his family and a large circle of friends. 4. The patent " Austria" skate fastens itself by stepping into it. 5. Here we were obliged to wait for daybreak in order to make a landing, which, being made in a small boat, was rendered very difficult on account of the swiftness of the current. 6. After a hearty breakfast we left the camp, at which we had arrived the night before, about half -past seven on a cool September morning, in an old-fashioned farm wagon, for we had some distance to go, and the walking through the tall broom-grass of the prairie is fatiguing in the extreme. 7. Mr. Smith presents his Compliments to Mr. Jones, and finds he has a Cap which isn't mine. So, if you have a Cap which isn't his, no doubt they are the Ones. 8. My Christian and surname begin and end with the same letters. 9. Charlemagne patronized not only learned men, but also established several educational institutions. 10. Because there are a few savage tribes who have no beliefs whatsoever, is no more, on the contrar}^ not as great, a cause than to say, there is or are divine beings. 11. The crows whirled over his head, at which he now and then shied a stone. 12. They found grandmamma and luncheon there, with open arms and inviting dishes to welcome them. 13. I had heard of him [Keats] as an original, but peculiar, genius, the rich budding of whose thoughts was destined never to be perfected by an untimely death. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 123 14. Quite a number of Harvard's most noted professors were present at Prof. Thompson's lecture, President Eliot being among the number. 15. Mrs. Jones, who is now 84, gave her first ball more than 60 years ago, at her house in Bowling Green, which shows the rapid growth of the city. 16. Nonquitt does not possess a store of any kind ; not even a barber-shop. The ladies miss the former ; the latter is an inconvenience to the gentlemen. 17. Mme. Adelina Patti having consented to appear as Martha, and Mme. Scalchi as Nancy, that favorite opera will be performed on Tuesday evening next. 18. The Amherst college senate has overhauled the '86 Olio, it being claimed that articles were published in that production which had been especially forbidden b}' the faculty. 19. When moulting we should take great care of canary birds. 20. These tickets will be good from Saturday a.m. until Sunday night, and by paying a small sum in addition, will be good from Friday afternoon to Monday night, so that those who wish to accompany the nine on the whole trip, can use the same tickets. September, 1884. 1. Mr. Miller will give $100 to any person who will do the above feat with their eyes wide open. 2. He performs feats right among the audience, without apparatus, and repeating them an3' number of times, which he openly offers a reward of fifty dollars to any person who tells how they are done and will do them as he does. 3. The appearance of the yacht was man-of-war like, 124 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. coupled with a luxuriousness which reminded one of the Queen's private yacht. 4. Please state here your exact age, name and address, and mail it. 5. One of the most touching parts of " Henr\^ Esmond," is surely, the description, which Thackeray gives of his boyhood. 6. The aspect of that boy, with his large sad eyes must have struck all who saw him as one who was naturally accustomed to look upon the dark side of affairs. 7. In the character of Shylock we can see the best as well as the worst faults of Irving's acting. 8. She tells him to be sure he takes neither more or less than a pound or he will forfeit his life. 9. The icy hand of Death stalked in, and breathed upon her. 10. But behold here Friendship, which Carlyle saj's exists no more, which last I do not believe at all. 11. To realize how great his misfortune was in this respect, let us ask ourselves how we would like to be igno- rant of whom our parents were, and to find out at middle age that one was a wretch and the other a foreigner. 12. Irving, I think tries to elevate and to make " Shy- lock" appear more in the light of an injured and wrouged man, than as the sly and grasping rogue that he is. 13. But then, what difference did it make whether one more lived or died, when men killed each other, and them- selves, just as soon as they would an animal? 14. He seems to have accepted bribes and bribed others to a great extent, to have been ambitious, also mean, and to SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 125 have been very jealous of anyone under him making mihtary fame, as is shown by his treatment of General Webb, which Mr. Thackeray in the impersonation of Henry Esmond resents exceedingly. 15. That affair turned out very differently than I expected it to. 16. Well Portia and Bassanio were married, the time of payment came and went but the ships came not, the Jew called upon Antonio for the money and on his refusal to pay he (Shylock) brings Antonio before the Court of Venice for the purpose of enforcing the fulfillment of the bond. 17. Blind chance, or a fortuitous concourse of atoms have been supposed to offer a sufficient account of the world's origin. 18. Then we have a poet intent on " the best and master thing," and who prosecutes his journey home. 19. Fraternal love, sometimes almost everything, is at others worse than nothing. 20. This cider is made from selected fruit, warranted pure, and free from artificial gases. June, 1884. 1. The wealth of the many make a very little show in statistics ; the wealth of the few make a great show in statistics. 2. By " Good Use " is meant the correct use of correct words in their correct, places, no more than necessary, and to always use the simplest words. 3. I think the style bad and that he has a good deal of the old woman in his way of thinking. 126 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 4. If you were able to go to church tomorrow, you will hear an excellent sermon. 5. One sailor said: "I never saw anything to equal it, and as long as I live I will never be able to forget those terrible and pitiful cries for help." 6. The Commission in their report also speaks of S.'s Copyright. 7. In their compartment of the train going back to Paris who should they see but Mr. Stuyvesant, who had been to Versailles, not as a pleasure trip, but on a matter of busi- ness. 8. Then we honor most of all, x^erhaps, he whose anni- versary comes this month, the great Luther. 9. If the person who took a black silk umbrella out of Sever 32 by mistake, he would much oblige the owner by returning the same to . 10. It keeps in good repair, does the writing well, and is a real pleasure to operate it. 11. There are points where, in my mind Wordsworth reaches as high if not higher, than any poet of his time. 12. It happens, therefore, that there are active and influ- ential members of such conventions whom their fellow-dele- gates, who know them at all, know perfectl}^ well ought to be in " durance vile." 13. Charles was the first to die, although out of his slen- der gains he had put by as much as would have provided comfortably for Mary after his death. 14. He is endorsed by the citizens of Springfield, Mass., and also by Major General Howard, which document he will be happy to show at any time. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 127 15. President McCosh and Eliot each of whom was a member of the University crew of tlieir respective colleges excelled in athletics. 16. In fact, there is no case of disease among Horses and Cattle where these valuable Powders are not called for, and by their timely administration will save the lives of many valuable animals. 17. Everything Scott described he has made famous and none can go to the Highlands but what they must visit the places he describes. 18. In these days it does not seem hardly possible that any man with such an education and poetic genius as Coleridge himself possessed would have expressed such an opinion. 19. An arrangement which sandwiches a sermon or a biblical lecture between each chapter of the story — a great convenience for skippers. 20. Accordingly as a man combines these characteristics, will he be an admirer of Scott or Dickens. September, 1883. 1. I don't see anything so very particular in having a few almanacks ; other people have them I believe, as well as we. 2. Neither Emily nor Valencourt were conscious how they reached the chateau. 3. We should not punish a breach of the Sabbath nor any offence against the Mosaic law. 4. In intellectual and moral strength Maggie Tulliver is what George Eliot was ; in physical beauty she is what George Eliot would have chosen to have been. 128 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 5. Mr. Freeman may not know but little more history than he would if Macaulay had never written. [From papers written by candidates for admission to Harvard College.] 6. But when he learned that Orlando was sou of the deposed Duke's friend, his brow clouded, and he bade Orlando to immidiately leave the city, or his life would be in danger. 7. This forbearance toward every one even his enemies strikes us at once as we read of his forbearance toward the Pope although he might easily have found weapons far better than those of the Pope and which he certainly could have used with as much skill. 8. The son of the old noble, being treated illy by his oldest brother, goes to the court of the userpiug Duke. There he wrestles with the pugilist and overcomes him, which feat in connection with his good looks has a very bad effect upon Eosalind the daughter of the true duke, in other words she falls in love with him. 9. But when the king asked him : " who was his father " and learning him to be the sun of Sir Rowland de Bois his countenance changed and he said : I would you were any other man's son, than Sir Rowland, for he was an enemy to me and so you must be. 10. Celia weds Oliver, the brother of Orlando, who has again kindly received the latter to his home. The deep and true affection of Orlando and Rosalind, the ridiculous sayings of Touchstone, and the artless Audre}^, are all pleasing fac- tors which go to make up the tale. 11. Orlando tells Rosilind, whom he thinks is a shepherd boy, how he is in love with a lady who had once rewarded him at a wrestling match, and that if he could only find her, he would offer himself to her. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 129 12. After several days had transpired Rosalind told Or- lando that she would, on a certain day cause Rosalind to be present when he could have her as his wife. 13. At last the appointed day arrived, and from far and near people flocked to see the sport, among whom being Celia, Frederic's daughter, and Rosalind, her cousin, daugh- ter of the banished duke. 14. The day for the match came, and when, shortly before the eventful time, Orlando walked onto the field, his face and youthful look attracted the attention of Duke Frederic, and Rosalind and Celia. 15. Everybody except his brother, tried to persuade him from his made intention, but he would not hear them. 16. Orlando was urged on, by his brother, to the match, who wished to destroy him, and who, failing in this, at last caused him to flee to the forest. 17. Hospitalit}^ was one of Addison's characteristics, and he rarely met a friend, but what he asked him to his lodgings to have a talk over a bottle of wine. 18. In Parliament Addison never spoke but once. June, 1883. Correct : — 1. This is what Mr. Ingram has done for an American poet whose verse is more justly weighed now than when he was living, and which is not found wanting. 2. Nature had endowed him with considerable abilities, and peculiarly adapted to the scene of their displa}'. 3. Dryden was born in 1631, and Boileau in 1636, and were thus contemporaries. 130 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 4. In Handwriting and Orthography, a great number of intelligent and studious candidates are generally nearly equal in merit, so that it is in arithmetic that the tug of war trans- pires. 5. But that the editor of such a magazine as that in which this effusion appeared should think it worth while to print, and presumably to pay for it, is a p)henomenon which sug- gests two interesting reflections. 6. Nothing tickles a reader's vanity nor tends to estab- lish sympathy with the author so much as for him to dis- cover in print some truth which he has himself learned by observation. 7. There was no charity so fashionable, and conse- quently no ball so well attended ; everybody was more or less interested, everybody of importance appeared at it, showing themselves for a few moments at least. 8. She was the wife only of an earl, but the earl was a knight of the garter. 9. Neither Johnson nor Bacon were men whom he could have been expected to see through with a wide and tolerant eye. 10. I am creditably informed of your incapacity that way. 11. In short, the allegory, proverbially the most head- strong of figures, has served its purpose as a stepping stone to the higher attainments of the intellect. 12. I think it not likely, if I live, that I will be long of returning to Scotland. 13. Resolved also that we will and do denounce any man as sycophant, who has, or shall, ask permission of James F. Cooper to visit the Point in question. SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 131 14. We notice that Mr. A., whomsoever he may be, suggested that the term used in addressing the boys should be '•'• young gentlemen," and not " young men." 15. Different as are their opinions, they have derived a mutual benefit from each other's society. 16. Upon the whole, therefore, the Squire had very fair reason to be satisfied that he had rode his hobby throughout the day without any other molestation. 17. In this manner he led me through the lengtli of the whole Mall, fretting at his absurdities, and fancyiug my- self laughed at as well as he by every spectator. 18. What's the use of laying in bed when one has had enough of sleep? 19. I was at first fearful of contracting any engage- ment with him, because being younger than me, he might be more apt to change. 20. He never went to church, and had not eaten or drank in any house but his own since he had come to Belton. June, 1882. 1. The vote of the trustees on the resolution sustaining President Bartlett, was 6 in the affirmative, 4 in the nega- tive, with one member of the board absent, who it is claimed by the opposition would have voted in the negative. 2. "I only said I wouldn't go, without one of the ser- vants come up to Sir Leicester Dedlock," returns Mr. Small- weed. 3. Neither Senators Dawes nor Hoar were in their seats to-day. 132 SPECIMENS OF BAD ENGLISH. 4. She was smaller in stature than either of her three sisters, to all of whom had been acceded the praise of being fine women. 5. Happily neither she nor her mother had completely parted with their senses. 6. " If I review Yirgil for instance in April, I will for- get much of it before July, having so much other work on my hands." 7. " Lyiug off the Battery, we would be as easily ac- cessible as are vessels at the city piers." "When will you be ready for business?" asked the reporter. "By the spring of 1883 ; but not before. . . . We shall have a stock company, but there will be comparatively little stock issued. We shall place a large amount of bonds. This will enable us to avoid onerous taxation from the city." 8. He folded it and put it in his breast pocket and laid down once more, and it was not referred to again. 9. Although Mr. Jonas conducted Charity to the hotel and sat himself beside her at the board, it was pretty clear that he had an eye to ' ' the other one " also, for he often glanced across at Mercy, and seemed to draw comparisons between the personal appearance of the two, which were not unfavorable to the superior plumpness of the younger sister." 10. " This is a phenomena common to an immense num- ber of diseases." 11. "Mr. Stanley was the only one of his predecessors who slaughtered the natives of the region he passed through. 12. " She was a good deal hurt, and her hand so severely GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. 133 injured that unless she has the forefinger amputated, she will entirely lose the use of it. 13. "The farmstead was always the wooden, white- painted house of which all the small country towns are composed. 14. If I were old enough to be married, I am old enough to manage my husband's house. 15. The seventeenth century evidently had a different notion of books and women than that which flourishes in the nineteenth. 16. "It would not suit the rules of art nor of my own feelings to write in that style." GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. September, 1887. Translate into Gtreek ; — If you think this is so,^3'ou are free ^ to make this transac- tion^ instantly of -no-effect^ by ordering Seuthes to give you the money. For it is plain that Seuthes, if I have money from him, will require^ it of me, and will require it fairly if I do not assure^ the transaction^ for him with-a-view-to ^ which I took-the-bribe.^ But I consider that I fall far short ^ of having what is yours ; indeed, ^"^ I swear to you by all the gods that I have not even what Seuthes promised me indi- vidually.-^^ 1 i.e. that I have been bribed by Seuthes. ^ ^^ea-ri. ^ rrpa^is. * /ndraios. 5 d-TratTeco. ^ PefiaLow. '' iiri with dat. ^ dwpodoKew. ^ lack much. 1° y^p^ 134 GEEEK PROSE COMPOSITION. June, 1887. Translate into Greek : — Xenophon, however, wished to make the march along with them, because he thought it safer. But he was persuaded to advance alone by Neon, who had heard that Clean drus, the harmost^ in Byzantium, was to arrive with ships. Now he gave this advice in order that no others might share ^ [the ^ opportunity^], but that they themselves and their soldiers might sail off on the triremes. And Cheirisophus, at once* discouraged^ by what had happened and * incensed ^ against ^ the army, allowed him to do just what he wished. Indeed, if Cheirisophus had not been discouraged, he would have done many great things which no one else was able to accom- plish. 1 apfxo(XTr]S. ^ ix€t4xo}- ^ omit. * ajxa /xeu . . . a/xa Se. ^ aOvfiecc. ^ jjnaew. July, 1886. Translate into Greek : — When this had happened many times, Darius was at a loss,-^ and the barbarians on learning this sent a herald with presents for Darius, a bird and a mouse ^ and a frog.^ When the Persians asked the meaning^ of these gifts,^ he answered that he had been commanded to give them and to go away. He bade the Persians, if they were wise, to find out the meaning themselves. On hearing this the Persians began to deliberate. And the opinion of Darius was that the Scythi- ans offered^ themselves and earth and water to him. 1 airopeo}. ^ /jlvs. ^ ^drpaxos. ^ vovs. ^ a part, of 5i5w/j.i. ^ SlSufii. September, 1885. The Syracusan^ general suspected^ that the Athenians were intending to go away, and thought it to be a dreadful^ thing that^ so large an army should withdraw" safely by GKEEK PEOSE COMPOSITION". 135 land. He therefore urged ^ that all the Syracusans should go out and block-up '^ the roads. But the authorities ^ said this was impracticable,'^ for this reason : On that day there happened to be a sacrifice in the city, and the greater part of the citizens had fallen to drinking. ^*^ So they had no hope that they would take up their arms and go out again. ^ ^vpaKoa-ios. ^ virovoeo}. ^ SeivSs. * ei. ^ uTroxcopeco. ^ KcKevco. "^ airoiKodo/jLew, ^ &px<>iV. ® 'diropos. ^'^ Tpeiroixai irphs TrSffiv, June, 1885. The Athenians once sailed into the Nile,^ and, getting possession of ^ the river, became masters of ^ the largest part of Egypt.* At this time Artaxerxes was king of the Per- sians, and to these Egypt was subject.^ The king, hearing what had happened, was vexed at^ the affair, and sent Megabazus, a Persian, to Lacedaemon, supplied with money, that by means of ^ this he might persuade the Lacedaemo- nians to invade Attica. His hope was ^ that the Athenians would go off home again, if they learned that their country was being ravaged.^ 1 NelAoy. ^ Kparica. ^ Karix^- * KlyvirTOs. ® vTri]K005. ^ Papiios v. III. Translate II. III. 284-292. Who is the speaker? Copy vv. 284 and 290, and divide into feet, marking quantities and caesura. Mood of ktuvyj, (xTToSoiivat, and l9iX(ii(nv* September, 1883. A. I. Translate II. XII. 230-243. [Subject. — Hector rebukes Polydamas for dissuading the battle on ac- count of omens.] In 237, TvvT], (TV. 238, ix^Tairpe-KOjxai, care for. 240, Cocpos, ivest. II. Translate II. X. 180-189. [Subject. — Nestor and others come to the captains of guard.] 183, Zv(T(t}pT](rv(tlIoos 243. Who is speaker in this passage ? IV. Translate II. IV. 446-456. Four Homeric forms and Attic equivalents. Explain form opecrcfiL 452. Case of aLfxaTL 451, and tojv 455. V. Translate II. VI. 175-186. Homeric forms in 177 and 178 and all equivalents. Case of yafx/Spov 178, avBpoiTTOiv 180, Tepdea-m 183. Whose story is this ? how does it come to be related in the Iliad ? LATIN COMPOSITION. September, 1887. Translate into Latin : — This same year Caesar made all the preparations which were desirable for such an undertaking and sailed from Gaul to Britain. The tide and wind were favorable, so that the passage was accomplished in a very short time ; but Caesar found it difficult to land his troops, because there were so many shallow places along the shore where his large ships could not move, while the enemy, rushing a little way into the water, hurled their weapons so fiercely that they killed and wounded many of the Romans and inspired them all with fear. When his men had been fighting thus for some time in vain, Caesar ordered the long ships, which did not require such deep water, to draw off from the others and attack the enemy on the side. As the ship on which the tenth legion sailed approached the barbarians, the standard bearer cried: "Leap into the water, soldiers, unless you wish to betray the eagle to the enemy ; I, at least, mean to do my duty to the countrj' and our general." Then he leaped 142 LATIN COMPOSITION. into the sea with the standard, followed by the soldiers, who shouted encouragement to each other as they swam against the enemy. June, 1887. TRANSLATlfi INTO LaTIN : — After Cicero had set forth to the senate and to the citizens of Eome what abominable crimes one of their own number was meditating against the state, and some of the accomplices of the plot had been thrown into prison, the senate took counsel as to what ought to be done. There were two opin- ions which were each favored by a large number of senators. Then Cicero begged the senate to remember the best inter- ests of the state and to decree the punishment which would most thoroughly crush the conspiracy. Let no thought of him prevent them from condemning the conspirators to death if that seemed the best thing to do. "But if," said be, "you are persuaded that the plan of Julius Caesar is wiser, follow his opinion. Let us not forget that the honor of our country and the safety of our wives and children de- pend upon the decision we adopt to-day." The country was saved ; but Cicero was himself afterwards driven into exile by his enemies for the part he had taken in the punishment of the conspirators. September, 1886. Translate into Latin : — Cicero was telling the Romans what the senate had decreed the day before in regard to the people who were accused of conspiracy. He said that he had been thanked in the most complimentary terms for having freed the state of such dan- gerous enemies. Other men had been thanked too, each in proportion to his deserts. Then Lentulus was compelled to resign his praetorship that he might be thrown into prison as a private citizen, because it was unlawful to imprison a LATIN COMPOSITION. 143 magistrate. Speaking of this same matter later, Cicero re- minds tlie people liow much more careful the senate had been than the great Marius had once shown himself on a similar occasion. Would not the gods spare and even pro- tect a nation of such justice ? July, 1886. Translate into Latin : — Since this is so, is not my friend worthy to be called a Eoman citizen? Ought we to hinder him from enjoj^ing, at home and abroad, those blessings which fall to the lot only of the Romans ? Or ought we not rather to bestow the high- est honors upon one who had contributed so much to the glory of the state, especially at a time when so many illiterate people can be found who maintain that it is not worth while to spend one's efforts upon literature? We all remember what Sulla did. Once, when a very bad poet handed him a poem written in his honor, he ordered a reward to be given to the poet from the proceeds of the booty which he was then selling at auction. The verse, however, was so bad that Sulla could not help making a condition that the poet should write no more. In the case of the poet whose cause I plead, I have no fear that you will have to repent if you grant him what he asks. September, 1885. Translate into Latin : — They fought long and sharply, for the Sontiates, relying upon their earlier victories, thought that the safety of all Aquitania depended upon their bravery, and our men were eager to show what they could do under a young leader in the absence of the commander-in-chief and of the other le- gions. At length, overwhelmed by wounds, the enemy turned to flight. Then Crassus, having resolved to besiege 144 LATIK COMPOSITION. the town, ordered the guards to take their posts as silently as possible and to refrain from all slaughter ; for he wished to get possession of as many prisoners as he could, and then by pardoning them to win over the neighboring states. He sent messengers, also, to report his victory at Rome. June, 1885. Translate into Latin : — ■ Now Cicero had been informed, through a certain woman named Fulvia, of what these conspirators were doing. There- fore he summoned several faithful men, whose assistance he had often used before in times of danger to the state, and, having explained the matter to them in a few words, ordered them to go to the Mulvian Bridge, so-called, and lie hidden there until the accomplices of the plot arrived and then seize them immediately. Thus some of the chiefs of the con- spiracy were taken into custody, and Cicero was persuaded by his friends by cogent arguments to bring these prisoners before the senate. In the senate the conspirators were shown their letters and asked whether they recognized their hands and seals. One of them also was questioned about some swords and daggers which had been found at his house, and at first he answered, with a laugh, that he had always been fond of good cutlery ; but, when all the evi- dence was given, turned very pale and confessed his crime. September, 1884. Translate into Latin : — They fought long and sharply, for the Sontiates, relying upon their earlier victories, thought that the safety of all Aquitania depended upon their bravery, and our men were eager to show what they could do under a young leader in the absence of the commander-in-chief and of the other le- gions. At length, overwhelmed by wounds, the enemy LATIN". 145 turned to flight. Then Crassus, havhig resolv^ed to besiege the town, ordered the guards to take their posts as silently as possible and to refrain from all slaughter ; for he wished to get possession of as many prisoners as he could, and then by pardoning them to win over the neighboring states. He sent messages, also, to report his victory at Rome. June, 1884. Translate into Latin : — At about the same time Publius Crassus arrived in Aqui- tania, which deserves, in territory and population, to be reck- oned a third part of Gaul, and remembering that he had to carry on war in the places where a few years before the lieu- tenant Lucius Valerius had lost an army and been killed him- self, he felt that no ordinary energy was required of him. He therefore provided himself with as much grain and am- munition as possible and ordered the army to march into the country of the Sontiates. He found the enemy encamped at the foot of a high hill, and their chief, relying upon his numbers, thought he could frighten the Eomans from attack- ing him, and sent them word to consult for their safety. Cras- sus, however, scorned the advice, and, attacking the Gauls by night gained a brilliant victor3\ LATIN. CICERO. September, 1887. I. Translate Cic. Cat. IV. 6. Give derivation of concitari^ exitiosam, coniurationem. Give principal parts of censeatis^ praedicam, misceri, tran- scendit. 146 LATIN. Explain construction of consulis, June, opinione. Compare the meanings of referre ad vos, and ad vos dela- tum sit. Compare the moods of (quidquid) est and (quantum fad- nus delatum) sit. II. Translate : — P. Lentuhis consul, simul ac de sollemni religione rettulit, nihil humanarum rerum sibi prius quam de me agendum indicavit. Atque eo die confecta res esset, nisi is tribunus plebis, quem ego maxirais beneficiis quaestorem consul or- naveram, cum et cunctus ordo et miilti eum summi viri ora- rent et Cn. Oppius socer, optimus vir, ad pedes eius flens iaceret, noctem sibi ad deliberandum postulasset : quae deli- beratio non in reddenda, quem ad modum non nulli arbitraban- tur, sed, ut patefactum est, in augenda mercede consumpta est. Postea res acta est in senatu alia nulla, et cum variis rationibus impediretur, voluntate tamen perspecta senatus causa ad vos mense lanuario deferebatur. June, 1887. A. Translate Cic. Cat. IV. 22 from " Qua re. bonorumque : what does que connect? memoria: con- struction? gentium: derivation? facile: compare, possit : explain mood and tense, reperietur: principal parts? id: construction? confrii^gere : parts and composition? ulla: why not aliqua f profecto : derivation ? B. Nam relatio^ ilia salutaris et diligens fuerat consulis, ani- madversio quidem et indicium senatus : quae cum reprehendis, * for the punishment of the CatiHnarian Conspirators. LATIN. 147 ostendis qualis tu, si ita forte accidisset, fueris illo tempore consul futurus : stipendio, mehercule, et frumento Catilinam esse putasses iuvandum. quid enim interfuit inter Catilinam et eum, cui tu senatus auctoritatem, salutem civitatis, totam rem publicam proviuciae praemio vendidisti? quae enim L. Catilinam conantem consul prohibui, ea P. Clodium facientem consules adiuverunt. voluit ille senatum interficere ; vos sus- tulistis ; leges incendere : vos abrogastis ; vim inferre patriae : quid est vobis consulibus gestum sine armis? incendere ilia coniuratorum mamis voluit urbem : vos eius domum, quem propter urbs incensa non est. ac ne illi qnidem, si habuis- sent vestri similem consulem, de urbis incendio cogitassent ; non enim se tectis privare voluerunt, sed his stantibus nullum domicilium sceleri suo fore putaverunt. caedem illi civium, vos servitutem expetistis ; hie vos etiam crudeliores : huic enim populo ita fuerat ante vos consules libertas insita, ut ei mori potius quam servire praestaret. July, 1886. Translate Cic. Arch. 7 and 8, to " causa dicta est." Construction of lege^ civitatibus, and annos. Explain mood of ascripti fidssent. Explain tense of ascripti faisseyit. Explain mood of ferebatur. Explain tense of ferebatur. Causa dicta est: show how this is true. What is the rest of the oration about? Translate : — Quid tandem de ilia nocte dicit,^ cum inter falcarios ad M. Laecam nocte ea, quae consecuta est posterum diem nonarum Novembrium me consule, Catilinae denuntiatione convenit? quae nox omnium temporum coniurationis acerrima fuit atque 1 Cornelius, the prosecutor of P. Sulla. 148 LATIN. acerbissima : turn Catilinae dies exeundi, turn ceteris manendi condicio, turn discriptio totam per urbem caedis atque iiiceii- diorum constituta est; turn tuns pater, Cornell, id quod tandem aliquando eonfitetur, illam slbi officiosam provinciam depoposcit, ut cum prima lace consulem salutatum veniret, intromissus et meo more et iure amicitiae me in meo lectulo trucidaret. hoc tempore, cum arderet acerrime coniuratio, cum Catilina egrederetur ad exercitum, Lentulus in urbe relinquiretur, Cassius incendiis, Cethegus caedi praeponere- tur, Autronio ut occuparet Etruriam praescriberetur, cum omnia ordinarentur, iustruerentur, pararentur, ubl fuit Sulla, Cornell ? num Romae ? immo longe af uit : num in eis regioni- bus, quo se Catilina inferebat? multo etiam longius : num in agro Camerti, Piceno, Galileo, quas in oras maxime quasi morbus quidam illins furoris pervaserat? nihil vero minus, fuit enim, ut iam ante dixi, Neapoli ; fuit in ea parte Italiae, quae maxime ista suspitione caruit. — Cic. pro Sulla, 52, 53. September, 1885. I. Translate Cic. Cat. lY. 21 and 22, to "nee beneficio placare possis." Explain briefly the historical references in this passage. Explain the case of laude, obsicUone, omnibus^ glorias; the mood of habeatur^ possimus^ Jiaheant, possis; the derivation of nobilissimus, regionibus, obsidione, alienigenae. II. Translate : — Si medius fidius, indices, non me ipsa res publica, meis laboribus et periculis conservata, ad gravitatem animi et constautiam sua dignitate revocaret, tamen hoc natura est insitum, ut, quem timueris, quieum de vita fortunisque con- tenderis, cuius ex insidiis evaseris, hunc semper oderis. Sed cum agatur honos mens amplissimus, gloria rerum gestarum siugularis, cum quotiens quisquam est in hoc scelere convic- LATIN. . 149 tus, totiens renovetur meraoria per me iiiventae salutis, ego sim tarn demeos, ego committam, ut ea, quae pro salute omnium gessi, casu magis et felicitate a me quam virtute et consilio gesta esse videantur? Quid ergo? hoc tibi sumis, dicet fortasse quispiam, ut, quia tu defeiidis, innocens iudi- cetur? Ego vero, iudices, nou modo milii nihil adsumo in quo quispiam repugnet, sed etiara, si quid ab omnibus con- ceditur, id reddo ac remitto. Non in ea re publica versor, non iis temporibus meum caput obtuli pro patria periculis omnibus, non aut ita sunt exstincti quos vici aut ita grati quos servavi, ut ego mihi plus appetere coner quam quantum omnes inimici inyidique patiantur. — Cic. pro Sulla, XXX. June, 1885. I. Translate : — • Itaque, credo, si civis Romanus Archias legibus non esset, ut ab aliquo imperatore civitate donaretur, perficere non potuit. Sulla cum Hispanos donaret et Gallos, credo huuc petentem repudiasset : quem nos in contione vidimus, cum el libellum mains poeta de populo subiecisset, quod epigramma in eum fecisset, tantummodo alternis versibus longiusculis, stotim ex eis rebus, quas tunc vendebat, inhere ei praemium tribui sed ea condicione, ne quid postea scriberet. Qui sedulitatem mali poetae duxerit aliquo tamen praemio dig- nam, huius ingenium et virtutem in scribendo et copiam non expetisset? quid? a Q. Metello Pio, familiarissimo suo, qui civitate multos donavit, neque per se neque per LucuUus im- petravisset? qui praesertim usque eo de suis rebus scribi cuperet, ut etiam Cordubae natis poetis, pingue quiddam sonantibus atque peregrinum, tamen auris suas dederet. — Cic. pro Archia X. Construction of civitate ? Formation of longiusculis f Con- struction of scriberet, duxerit, expetisset, qinddamf What 150 LATIN. metre is meant by alternis versihus longiusculisf What is meant by ex eis rebus quas tunc vendehat? Who is meant by Jiuiusf Construction of cuperetf Mark the quantity of all the vowels in seduUtatem. Derivation of familiarissimo, pere- grinum ingenmm? Force of S2ib in subiecissetf Trace the derivation of donaret from its elements. II. Translate : — Nunc quoniam, T. Labiene, diligentiae meae temporis angustiis obstitisti meque ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coegisti, parebitur, et quod iniquissimum est accusatoris condicioni et quod mi- serrimum inimici potestati ; quamquam in hac praescriptione semihorae patroni mihi partis reliquisti, consulis ademisti, propterea quod ad defendendum prope modum satis erit mihi temporis, ad conquerendura parum. Nisi forte de locis religiosis ac de lucis, quos ab hoc violatos esse dixisti, pluri- bus verbis tibi respondendum putas ; quo in crimine nihil est umquam abs te dictum, nisi a C. Macro obiectum esse crimen id C. Eabirio ; in quo ego deiniror meminisse te quid obiecerit C. Rabirio Macer inimicus, oblitum esse quid aequi et iurati indices iudicarint. An de peculatu facto aut de tabulario incenso longa oratio est expromenda? quo in crimine pro- pinquus C. Rabiri iudicio clarissimo, C. Curtius, pro virtute sua est honestissime liberatus, ipse vero Rabirius non mode in indicium horum criminum, sed ne in tenuissimam quidem suspitionem verbo est umquam vocatus. - — Cic. pro Rabir. II. 6. June, 1884. I. Translate Cat. II. 4. 12, 13 to " apud M. Laecam fuisset necne." dicant : explain mood, in exsilium, etc. : why is that a LATIN. 151 reproach? eicerem: explain mood and tense, permo- destus: torce of per? iussus est: explain mood and tense. paruit: principal parts. domi: construction, in aedem lovis, etc. : where did the Senate usually meet? rem detidi: technical meaning, ho stem : could he say inimicum? give your reason, partem midam: explain meaning, faisset: explain mood and tense. II. Translate : — Tu mihi etiam M. Atilium Eegulum commemoras, qui redire ipse Karthaginem sua voluntate ad supplicium quam sine eis captivis, a quibus ad senatum missus erat, Romae manere maluerit, et mihi negas optandum reditum fuisse per f amilias comparatas et homines armatos ? vim scilicet ego desideravi, qui, dum vis fuit, nihil egi, et quem, si vis non fuisset, nulla res labefactare potuisset. Hunc ego reditum repudiarem, qui ita florens fuit, ut verear ne qui me studio gloriae putet idcirco exisse, ut ita redirem? quem enim um- quam senatus civem nisi me nationibus exteris commendavit? cuius umquam propter salutem nisi meam senatus publice sociis populi Romani gratias egit? de me uno patres con- script! decreverunt ut, qui provincias cum imperio obtinerent, qui quaestores legatique essent, salutem et vitam custodirent. September, 1883. I. Translate Arch. IX. 21. Explain construction of terra., ojnbus, duce, manu, consilio. Allusions in L. Lucullum, Pontum^ regiis, apud Tened/um pugna. What bearing has this passage on the general argu- ment of the oration ? II. Translate : — [Cicero advocates legalizing the command held by Octavius against Antony by making him propraetor.] Hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum : Quod C. 152 LATIN. Caesar, Gaiifilius, pontifex, pro praetore, snmmo rei publicae tempore milites veteranos ad libertatem populi Romani cohortatus sit eosque conscripserit, qiiodque legio Martia atque quarta summo studio optimoque in rem pnblicam con- sensu C. Caesare duce et auctore rem publicam, libertatem populi Romani defendant defenderint, et quod C. Caesar pro praetore Galliae provinciae cum exercitu subsidio profectus sit, equites, sagittarios, elephantos in suam populique Romani potestatem redegerit difficillimoque rei publicae tempore saluti dignitatique populi Romani subvenerit, ob eas causas senatui placere, C. Caesarem, Gaii filium, pontificem, pro praetore, senatorem esse sententiamque loco praetorio dicere : ej usque ration em, quemcumque magistratum petet, ita haberi, ut haberi per leges liceret, si anno superiore quaestor fuisset. Quid est enim, patres conscripti, cur eum non quam primum amplissimos honores capere cupiamus? Legibus enim annali- bus quum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adolescentiae temeritatem verebantur: C. Caesar ineunte aetate docuit ab excellenti eximiaque virtute progressum aetatis exspectari non oportere. — Phil. V. 46-47. Provinciae : why not in provenciam ? Mood of defendant^ liceret^ cujnamus, constituebant. What is meant by legibus annalibusf si . . . ouaestor: what difference would that have made ? June, 1883. I. Translate Cic. Cat. III. 21. Explain the mood of neget, esset, videatur, statueret^ir ; the tense of esset^ duceretur. Give the derivation of aversus^ praeceps^ interiium, nefariis. What was the '•' signum''? II. Translate : — Sed tamen venenum unde fuerit, quem ad modum paratum sit non dicitur. Datum esse aiunt huic P. Licinio, pudenti LATIN. 153 adolescenti et bono, Caelii f amiliari : constitntum factum esse cum servis, ut veuirent ad balneas Senias : eodem Licinium esse venturum atque iis veneni pyxidem traditurum. Hie primum illud requiro, quid attiuuerit fieri in eum locum constitntum, cur illi servi non ad Caelium doraum venerint. Si manebat tauta ilia consuetudo Caelii, tanta familiaritas cum Clodia, quid suspitionis esset, si apud Caelium mulieris servus visus esset? Sin autem iam iam suberat simultas, extincta erat cousuetudo, discidium exstiterat, hinc illae lacrimae nimirum et liaec causa est omnium liorum scelerum atque criminum. Immo, inquit, cum servi ad dominam rem istam et maleficium Caelii detulissent, mulier ingeniosa prae- cepit suis, omnia Caelio pollicerentur : sed ut venenum, cum a Licinio traderetur manifesto comprehendi posset, constitui locum iussit balneas Senias, ut eo mitteret amicos qui deliti- scerent, dein repente, cum venisset Licinius venenumque tra- deret, prosilirent homineraque comprehenderent. — Cic. Cael. XXy. 62. What is the construction of suspitionis? suis? Explain the mood and tense of attinuerit, pollicerentur^ delitiscerent. VIRGIL AND OVID. September, 1887. I. Translate Aen. XI. 22-33. ' Subject. — [Aeneas orders the burial of the dead, and the return of Pallas' body to his father Evander.] Scan lines 1, 2, and 3, marking the principal caesuras. II. Translate : — Subject. — [Medea prepares for her moonlight incantations.] Tres aberant noctes, ut cornua tota coirent Efficerentque orbem. Postquam plenissima fulsit, Ac solida terras spectavit imagine luna, 154 LATIN. Egreditur tectis vestes indnta recinctas, Nuda pedem, nudos humeris infusa capillos, Fertque vagos mediae per muta silentia noctis Incomitata gradus. Homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies ; nullo cum mui-mure sepes ; Immotaeque silent frondes ; silet liumidus aer ; Sidera sola micant. Ad quae sua bracchia tendens Ter se convertit, ter sumptis flu mine crinem Inroravit aquis, ternisque ululatibus ora Solvit. June, 1887. I. Translate Aen. X. 821-832. [Subject. — Lament of Aeneas over the body of Lausus.] Scan lines 1,2, and 3, marking the principal caesuras. II. Translate : — Daedalus interea Creten longumque perosus Exilium, tactusque loci natalis amore, Clausus erat pelago. ' Terras licet ' inquit ' et undas Obstruat, at caelum certe patet. ibimus iliac. Omnia possideat, non possidet aera Minos.' Dixit, et ignotns auimum dimittit in artes, Naturamque novat. Nam ponit in ordine pennas, A minima coeptas, longam breviore sequenti, Ut clivo crevisse putes. Sic rustica quondam Fistula disparibus paulatim surgit avenis. Tum lino medias et ceris alligat imas, Atque ita compositas parvo curvamine flectit, Ut veras imitetur aves. September, 1886. I. Translate : — Planus erat lateque patens prope moenia campus, Assiduis pulsatus equis, ubi turba rotarum LATIK. 155 Duraqne mollierat siibiectas ungula glaebas. Pars ibi de septem genitis Amphione fortes Conscendunt in equos, Tyrioque rubentia suco Terga premunt, auroque graves moderantur habenas. E quibus Ismenus, qui matri^ sarcina^ quondam Prima suae fuerat, dura certum flectit in orbem Quadrupedis cursus, spumantiaque ora coercet, ' Ei mihi ! ' conclamat, medioque in pectore fixa Tela gerit, frenisque manu moriente remissis In latus a dextro paulatim defluit armo. Ovid, Met. VI. 218-229. iNiobe. 2]3m.(jgii II. Translate Aen. IX. 93-103. Jilius = Jupiter. Doto (-us) , a sea-nymph. July, 1886. I. Translate : — Est prope Cimmerios longo spelunca recussu, Mons eavus, ignavi domus et penetralia Sorani : Quo numquam radiis oriens mediusve cadensve Phoebus adire potest. Nebulae caligine mixtae Exhalantur humo dubiaeque crepuscula lucis. Non vigil ales ibi cristati cantibus oris Evocat Auroram, nee voce silentia rumpunt Sollicitive canes canibusve sagacior anser. Non fera, non pecudes, non moti flamine rami, Humanaeve sonura reddunt convicia linguae. Muta quies habitat. Saxo tamen exit ab imo Rivus aquae Lethes, per quem cum murmure labens Invitat somnos crepitantibus unda lapillas. Ante fores antri fecunda papavera florent Inuumeraeque herbae, quarum de lacte soporem Nox legit et spargit per opacas umida terras. 156 LATIN. II. Translate Agd. X. 431-438. Scan the last two lines. June, 1885. I. Translate : — ' Inmemores' que ' mei discenditis ' inquit 'Achivi? Obrutaque est mecum virtutis gratia nostrae ? Ne facite ! utque meum non sit sine honore sepulchrum, Placet Achilleos mactata Polyxeua manes.' Dixit, et inmiti sociis parentibus umbrae, Rapta sinu matris, quam iam prope sola fovebat, Fortis et infelix et plus quam femina virgo Ducitur ad tumulum diroque fit hostia busto. Quae memor ipsa sui, postquam crudelibus aris Admota est sensitque sibi fera sacra parari, Utque Neoptolemum stantem ferrumque tenentem In que suo vidit figentem lumina vultu, ' Utere iamdudum generoso sanguine ! ' dixit ' Nulla mora est. Quin tu iugalo vel pectore telum Conde meo ! ' iugulumque simul pectusque retexit. Ovid, Met. XIII. 445-459. II. Translate Virg. Aen. XI. 237-254. What is meant by "caesura"? Point out the principal caesura in lines 245, 248, 254. Give the rule for the quan- tity of every syllable in 1. 251. September, 1884. I. Translate Aen. X. 689-701. II. Translate : — Hie tamen accessit delubris advena nostris : Caesar in urbe sua deus est quem Marte togaque Praecipuum non bella magis finita triumphis LATLCT. 157 Eesque domi gestae properataqiie gloria rerum In sidus vertere novum stellamque comantem, Quam sua progenies. Neque enim de Caesaris actis Ullum est majus opus, quam quod pater extitit hujus. Scilicet aequoreos pins est domuisse Britannos. Perque pap3riferi septemflua flumina Nili Victrices egisse rates, Numidasque rebelles Cinyphiumque Jubam Mithridateisque tumentem Nominibus Pontum populo adjecisse Quirini, Et multos meruisse, aliquos egisse triumphos, Quam tantum genuisse virum? quo praeside rerum Humano generi, superi, favistis abunde. ISie foret liic igitur mortali semine cretus, lUe deus facieudus erat. — Ovid, XV. 746-761. Give instances of caesura in the 2d and 4th feet, and of two kinds of caesura in the 3d foot, out of any lines in the passage from Ovid. State three important rules of prosod}', giving instances from either of the above passages. Who are the hie and ille of the last two lines from Ovid? June, 1884. I. Translate Aen. IX. 176-191. Divide into feet lines 179-181, and mark the principal caesura in each. What is unusual in the metrical structure of 1. 179? Account for the quantity of the e in Aeneae^ 1. 177, and es in comeSj 1. 179. II. Translate : — Talia dicenti curarum maxima nutrix Nox intervenit, tenebrisque audacia crevit. Prima quies aderat, qua curis fessa diurnis Pectora somnus habet. Thalamos taciturna paternos Intrat, et heu facinus ! vitali nata parenteiii 158 LATIN. Crine sunm spoliat, praedaque potita nefancla Fert secum spolium sceleris, progressaque porta Per medios hostes — meriti fiducia tanta est — Pervenit ad regem. Quern sic adfata paventem est : ' Suasit amor facinus. Proles ego regia Nisi Scjdla tibi trado patriaque meosque Penates.' Ovid, Met. VIII. 81-91. What two words in the last line have sometimes a different measurement from that used here? Jane, 1883. I. Translate Aen. VIII. 51-65. [Subject. — The river-god Tiber gives directions to Aeneas.] Mark the scansion of the first four verses. II. Translate : — [Subject. — Description of a pestilence.] Semi animes errare viis, dum stare valebant, Adspiceres, flentes alios terraque iacentes, Lassaque versantes supremo lumina motu, Membraque pendentis teudunt ad sidera caeli, Hie, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes. Ovid, Met. VII. 588-592. Scan the first and last verses, and explain the peculiarity of versification in the first. SOLID GEOMETRY. 159 SOLID GEOMETRY. One and a half hours allowed. Septemlber, 1887. 1. Show that through any given line a plane can be drawn perpendicular to a given plane. In what case can more than one plane be so drawn ? 2. When only one plane can be drawn through a given line perpendicular to a given plane, let the intersection of the two planes be called the projection of the given line on given plane. ProA^e that the angle made by a line with its projection on a plane is less than the angle it makes with any other line of the plane. 3. Prove that two rectangular parallelopipeds having the same base are to each other as their altitudes. Consider the case where the altitudes are incommensurable. 4. What is meant by the polar triangle of a given spheri- cal triangle? Prove that the angles of a spherical triangle are measured by the supplements of the opposite sides of its polar triangle. 5. The sides of a spherical triangle on a sphere 14 inches in diameter are 20°, 40°, and 50° ; find the area of its polar triangle in square inches. (Take 7r= 3^.) 6. The diameter of a sphere is 14 inches ; two planes are passed through its centre, making an angle of 5° with each other: how many cubic inches in the wedge they cut out? (Take7r=3f) June, 1887. 1. Prove that if a plane is perpendicular to a line it is perpendicular to every plane containing the line. 160 SOLID GEOMETRY. 2. Prove that a triaDgular pyranaid is one-third of a trian- gular prism of the same base and altitude. 3. Prove that the sum of the face angles of a solid angle is less than four right angles. What proposition concerning the perimeter of a spherical polygon follows immediately from this theorem? 4. Prove that the sum of the areas of the lateral faces of a pyramid is greater than the area of the base. 5. State and prove the proposition concerning the area of a spherical triangle. The angles of a spherical triangle are 70°, 80°, 120°, the radius of the sphere is 7 feet; find the area of the triangle in square feet. (Given tt = ^-f-.) 6. The exterior diameter of a spherical shell is 7 inches, and its weight is one-tenth that of a solid ball made of the same material and having the same diameter. Find the thickness of the shell. July, 1886. [In solving problems use for tt the approximate value S}.] 1. Prove that if a straight line is perpendicular to each of two straight lines at their point of intersection, it is per- pendicular to the plane of these lines. 2. Prove -that the sum of any two face angles of a triedral angle is greater than the third. 3. Prove that if the base of a cone is a circle, every section made by a plane parallel to the base is a circle. 4. Prove that all the points in the circumference of a circle on the surface of a sphere are equally distant from the poles of the circle. SOLID GEOMETRY. 161 5. Prove that if A'B'C is the polar triangle of ABd then, reciprocally, ABC is the polar triangle of A'B'C. 6. One hundred spherical bullets one-half of an inch in diameter are placed in a cylindrical tomato can 4 inches in diameter and 5 inclies high. How much water will the can hold besides the bullets? 7. A cone of revolution whose height is 10 inches and the radius of whose base is 5 inches has a round hole an inch in diameter bored through it ; what is the volume of the wood removed ? September, 1885. [In solving problems use for w the approximate value 3y,] 1. When is a straight line said to be perpendicular to a plane ? Prove that if a straight line is perpendicular to each of two straight lines at their point of intersection, it is per- pendicular to the plane of these lines. 2. Find the locus of the points in space which are equally distant from three given straight lines which lie in a plane and are not all parallel. What would the locus be if the given lines were parallel? 3. Prove that the sum of the four angles of any convex poh'edral angle is less than four right angles. The length of one side of the base of a regular hexagonal pyramid is 4 feet, and the height of the pyramid is 6 feet ; find the whole surface of the pyramid. 4. The planes of the faces of a quadrangular spherical pyramid make with each other angles of 80°, 100°, 120°, and 150° ; and the length of a lateral edge of the pyramid is 42 feet. Find the area in square feet of the spherical polygon which forms the pyramid's base. 5. Assuming the formula for the lateral area of a cone of 162 SOLID GEOME^EY. revolution in terms of the radius of the base and the slant height ; prove that the lateral area of the frustum of a cone of revolution is equal to tts (r and r') when s is the slant height of the frustum and r and r' the radii of its bases. 6. A cylinder of revolution and a cone of revolution are inscribable in the same sphere. A section of the cylinder through its axis is a square, and a section of the cone through its axis is an equilateral triangle ; prove that the volume of the cylinder is a mean proportional between the volume of the sphere and that of the cone. June, 1885. [In solving problems use for tt the approximate value Bj,"] 1. When is a straight line said to be parallel to a plane? Prove that if a straight line is parallel to a plane, any plane perpendicular to the line is perpendicular to the plane also. 2. What is the locus of the points in a given plane which are equally distant from two given points out of the plane ? The distances of two points P, Q, from a given plane are 11 inches and 19 inches respectively, and the distance be- tween the feet of the perpendiculars dropped from P and Q upon the plane is 6 inches. Find the distance from P to Q. 3. Prove that the lateral area of a regular pyramid is equal to the product of the perimeter of its base by one-half its slant height. Find the volume of a regular pyramid whose slant height is 12 feet and whose base is an equilateral triangle each of whose sides is 5y'3 feet long. 4. Prove that the curve of intersection of two spheres is a circle. A sphere of radius 13 inches is cut by a plane distant 12 inches from the centre of the sphere : find the area of the section. SOLID GEOMETRY. 163 5. The area of a certain spherical triangle is equal to one- tenth of the surface of the sphere on which it lies. Two angles of the triangle are 96° and 87° : find the third angle. If the radius of the sphere is 7 feet, find the length of one of the sides of the triangle polar to the triangle mentioned above. 6. A cylindrical tin pail 7 inches in diameter contains water to the depth of 4 inches. An egg is then immersed in the water and the level of the latter rises to 4.22 inches above the bottom of the pail : find the volume of the egg. June, 1884. [In solving problems use for tt the approximate value 3y.] 1. Prove that if a straight line is perpendicular to a plane, every plane passed through the line is also perpendic- ular to that plane. 2. Prove that if a pyramid is cut by a plane parallel to its base, the edges and the altitude are divided proportionally and the section is a polygon similar to the base. 3. A regular hexagon revolves about a line which bisects two opposite sides : what two kinds of surfaces are gen- erated? Prove that the total areas of similar cylinders of revolution are to each other as the squares of their altitudes. 4. What is the " limit" of a variable quantity? What is the relation between the limits of two variables which are always equal? Show that the volume of any cone is equal to one-third the product of its base and its altitude. 5. The angles of a certain spherical triangle which lies on a sphere of 14 inches radius are 123°, 60°, 87°, respectively : find the area of the triangle in square feet and prove the 164 SOLID GEOMETRY. theorem on which your method of computing this area is based. 6. A polyedron is circumscribed about a sphere whose radius is 2 inches : the vohime of the polyedron is 60 cubic inches ; what is the area of its surface ? 7. Prove that the lateral surface of any pyramid is greater than the base. September, 1883. 1. Prove that if a line is perpendicular to a plane, every plane containing that line is perpendicular to that plane. 2. Prove that if a line is perpendicular to a plane, every line perpendicular to the line is parallel to the plane. 3. Prove that rectangular parallelopipeds with equal bases are to each other as their altitudes, even when the altitudes are incommensurable. 4. Prove that the angle of a spherical triangle equals 180° minus the opposite side of the polar triangle. 5. Prove that the surface of a sphere equals 4 times the area of its great circle. 6. The volume of a right circular cylinder, whose altitude equals the diameter of its base, is 9 cubic feet : what is the volume of the inscribed sphere? June, 1883. [Use the value 3} for tt.] 1. Prove that if two planes are perpendicular, a line drawn in one of them perpendicular to the line of intersection of the planes is perpendicular to the other. 2. Prove that if two planes are perpendicular to a third, their line of intersection is perpendicular to the third plane. SOLID GEOMETRY. 165 3. Prove that the vohime of a triangular prism is one-half the area of one of the lateral faces multiplied by its distance from the opposite lateral edge. 4. Prove that a triangular pyramid is one-third of a trian- gular prism of the same base and altitude. 5. How do 3^ou find the area of a spherical triangle? What units do you use ? The angles of a spherical triangle are 80°, 70°, and 75° ; the radius of the sphere is 7 feet. How many square feet in the triangle? 6. The radius of a sphere is 7 feet: what is its volume? What is the volume of the circumscribed cylinder of revolu- tion ? June, 1882. 1. If a line is perpendicular to a plane, every plane con- tainiug the line is also perpendicular to the plane. Prove. 2. The sum of two face angles of a triedral angle is greater than the third. Prove. What property of a spherical triangle follows immediately from this ? 3. The area of a spherical triangle is equal to its spherical excess. Prove, explaining clearly what units you use. 4. What are the volumes of the following figures : a rect- angular parallelopiped whose edges are 2, 4, and 8 feet respectively ; a cylinder formed by the revolution of one of the largest faces of the parallelopiped about one of its long- est sides ; a sphere which the cylinder will just contain ; a spherical pyramid cut from the sphere by planes which make the centre at a triedral angle whose diedral angles are 85°, 120°, 155°? 166 SOLID GEOMETRY. June, 1881. 1. Define the projection of a point on a plane. Prove that a straight line makes a less angle with its pro- jection on any plane than with any other line of that plane. 2. Prove that if parallel lines are projected on any plane, the projections are parallel. 3. Prove that a plane passed through two diagonally opposite edges of a parallelopiped divides it into two equiva- lent triangular prisms. 4. Prove that when two triangles are polar to one another, any angle of one is measured by the supplement of the side opposite it in the other triangle. 5. Prove that the volume of any triangular prism is meas- ured by the area of a lateral face multiplied by one-half the distance from that face of the opposite lateral edge. September, 1880. [Make each proof complete; give all the work of No. 6, but leave result in terms of t.] 1. Prove that if a straight line is perpendicular to a plane, ever}^ plane containing that line is perpendicular to that plane. 2. Prove that if a straight line and perpendicular are parallel, every plane which is perpendicular to the line is perpendicular to the plane also. 3. Prove that if a pyramid be cut by plane parallel to the base, the edges and altitude are divided proportionately, and the section is a polygon similar to the base. 4. Prove that if two pyramids have equal altitudes and equivalent bases, sectio.ns formed by a plane parallel to the bases and at equal distances from them are equivalent. SOLID GEOMETRY. 167 5. Prove that symmetrical spherical triangles are equiv- alent. 6. A pyramid with base of same area as a great circle of a given sphere, and with altitude equal to a diameter of the sphere, is cut by a plane which bisects all its lateral edges. Find the volume of the frustum of the pyramid, if the volume of sphere equal 288 it cubic feet, July, 1880. 1. State how the angle between two planes is measured. Prove that the vertical angles formed by two intersecting planes are equal. 2. Prove that oblique lines drawn from a point to a plane at equal distances from the foot of the perpendicular are equal ; and of two oblique lines unequally distant from the foot of the perpendicular, the more remote is the greater. 3. Show how to find a point in a given plane equally dis- tant from three given points in space. 4. Prove that if two semi-circumferences of great circles intersect on the surface of a hemisphere, the sum of the opposite triangles thus formed is equivalent to a lunary sur- face whose angle is equal to that included by the semi- circumferences. 5. The area of a spherical triangle is measured by its spherical excess. Explain fully what is meant by this state- ment, and prove the proposition. 6. Prove that the volumes of a right circular cone, a sphere, and a right circular cylinder are proportional to the numbers 1, 2, 3, if the bases of the cone and cylinder are each equal to a great circle of the sphere, and their altitudes are each equal to a diameter of the sphere. 7. Find the volume of the spherical pyramid whose lateral edges are 9 feet each, and whose adjacent faces make angles of 150°, 130°, 100°, and 70°. 168 LOGAEITHMS AND TKIGONOMETEY. LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. September, 1886. 3I14 69 X (--) 1. Find, by losjarithms, the value of -xl — '- ^±JJ-. ' ^ ° ' \ 0.0002 2. Prove that sin ^7(1 + tan x) + cos a;(l + ctn x) = esc x -j- sec x. 3. Find a formula for finding cos ^ (7, in the triangle ABC ; given the three sides. 4. Given cos (90° + cf>) = m ; find ctn (270° + . 2 2,2 ^ CC S '7* 6. Prove the formula since (2 cos x—l) = '2 sin- cos — ^ ^22 7. A pine-tree, 120 feet high, standing on the side of a mountain which is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 25°, is broken by the wind and not severed, at a distance of 40 feet from the ground. The top falls toward the foot of the mountain. How far from the base of the tree does it strike the ground? 8. Two sides of a triangle are 6.4 feet and 8.3 feet long and make with each other an angle of 42°. Find the other angles and the area. September, 1883. [In numericLl examples find answers to one more figure than those given in the table.] 1 . What is logarithm of 1 in any system ? Of the base ? Of its reciprocal? For what numbers is the logarithm posi- tive, and for what negative? Give reasons for your answers. 2. How many values of D between 0° and 360° satisfy the equation sec i) = — |-, and in what quadrants do they lie? Draw a figure representing them. Calculate the sin, cos, tan, cot, and cosec of both these values of D : distinguish them as D' and D". LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 171 3. Prove the geaeral formulas sin a + sin ^8 = 2 sin i (a + ^) cos J (a - /?) , sin a - sin /? = 2 cos^ (a + /3) sin^ (a - ^), and prove that in any triangles a + b __ tan ^(A-^B) a-b Un^iA-B) 4. Two straight roads cross a third at the points A and B, and meet each other at C. J.a= 715.8 ft., 50=1132.4 ft., the angle which road AG makes with AB = 34° 27'. Find the distance AB. Show by figure that this question has two solutions, and find both. 5. Wishing to find the relative position of two objects, A and JB, which stand in a level plain and are separated by an intervening house, 1 find point C from which both are visible and directly accessible. Then I find OJ. = 413 ft., CB = 521 ft. A is just northeast of 0, while the direction of B from C is south 65° east. Find distance and direction of A from B. June, 1883. 1. In a system of logarithms of which the base is a«, find the logarithms of the following numbers : — a 2. Find by logarithms the value of a/(0.0002)^ 3. A man wishes to find the height of a spire which he sees on the other side of an impassable stream. He observes that the direction of the spire from the spot where he stands is due north; and that a surveyor's telescope, pointed at the apex of the spire, makes an angle of 17° 38' with the 172 LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. plane of the horizon. He then walks due east until he sees the spire in a precisely northwesterly direction ; and he finds that the distance between the two points of observation is 432.6 feet. Compute the height of the spire. 4. The following parts of a triangle are given : — 5 = 0.03287, c = 0.02702, (7=48° 12'. Find the remaining sides and angles and the areas of the two triangles that satisfy these conditions, and represent the triangles in a figure. 5. Given the formula cos 26 — cos^ 6 — sin^ 6 ; prove the formulas sin |- a = V-2-(l — cos d) , cos |- a = V-g- ( 1 + COS a) , tan (45° -\-^a) — sec a + tan a. 6. Find all the trigonometric functions of 45°, without the use of the tables, by general reasoning. September, 1882. 1. Prove that the logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors. 2. In a system of logarithms of which the base is 9, what are the logarithms of 3, 27, 9, 1, 2V5 ^^ 3. Compute by logarithms 3 (134.9)^ X -^16 10190.04 X 46.49* 4. Prove the formula for the cosine of the sum of two angles. LOGARITHMS AND TEIGONOMETKY. 173 5. Find, by the tables, the logarithms of the trigonometric functions of 207° 17' (marking the signs). 6. Prove the formulas HE_^ = sin (a + 2/3) CSC (3 -2 cos (a-\-B), sinjS ^ ,, . sec (45° - 0) 2 sec 2 6 = ^^ -. cos (45° -f 0) 7. Given two sides of a triangle equal to 1.0121 and 1.5421, and the included angle equal to 41° 02' ; to solve the triangle. June, 1882. 1. Explain the reason of the rule for finding the charac- teristic (or integral part) of the logarithm of a number. Show that (according to this rule) the mantissa (or frac- tional part) is always positive. In what cases is the logarithm, as a whole, positive, and in what cases negative ? Thus, state clearly the value of the logarithm of 36270 ; of 0.003627. What decimal must be added to the latter logarithm to produce the logarithm of 0.01 ? 2. Find the time required to increase a sum of money a hundred-fold, at ten per cent per annum compound interest, payable yearly. 3. Find the formulas for the trigonometric functions of 90° -f a. 4. Find, by the tables, the logarithms of the trigonometric functions of 290° 38' (marking the signs). 5. An observer from a ship saw two headlands. The fii'st bore E.N.E. {i.e. 67° 30' from N. towards E.), and the second N.W. by N. {i.e. 33° 45' from N. towards W.). After he had sailed 16.25 miles N. by W. {i.e. 11° 15' from N. towards W.), the first headland bore due E., and the 174 LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. second N.W. by W. (i.e. 56° 15' from N. towards W.). Find the direction and distance of the second headland from the first. 6. Prove the formulas cos a - COS ^ = - tan 1 (a + /5) tan J (a - P) , cos a + COS /? . /I 2 tan ^ sm ^ = — l+tan2i(9 June, 1881. 1. Define a logarithm. What is the logarithm of -J in the system of which 1 6 is the base ? Find the logarithm of 25 in the same system. ^1(0 012Y X 27 2. Compute the value of \ P ' „ ^ '- — by lo2:arithms. ^ \ (64)2 X 0.00651 J i^ 3. Find the functions of 127° 10' from your trigonometric tables. 4. Prove the formula (cos ^ - cos 5)2 4- (sin A - sin By= 4 sin^ ^—M. ij 5. Two sides of a triangle are 243 feet and 188 feet, and the angle opposite the second side is 42° 20'. Solve the tri- angle completely. 6. A pine-tree growing on the side of a mountain, which is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 20°, is broken b}^ the wind, but not severed, at a distance of 40 feet from the ground. The top falls toward the foot of the mountain and strikes the ground 50 feet from the base of the tree ; find the height of the tree. Septeiiilber, 1880. 1 . Find logarithm of 50 in the system of which 2 is the base. 2. Sec (180°+ (^) =a. Find all other functions of . LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 175 3. Prove that cos (a -|- ^) . cos (a — ^) = cos^ a — sin^ ^. 4. Prove formula smiA= ^ItlM^II^ \ he 6. Given 2 sides of triangle equal 251.2 feet and 146.1, and that angle opposite second side equals 12° 20'. Find other angles. 6. Sides of angle equal 5 feet, 12 feet, and 13 feet. Find the angle opposite the longest s'ide. 7. From two corners (A and B) of the triangular field in which Memorial Hall stands, lines, which make angles of 19° 52' and 57° 52' respectively with the side AB, meet directly under the tower of the hall. AB equals 345.1 feet. At A the angle of elevation of the tower is 32° 26'. Find the height of the tower. 8. Compute f(M07)lx^l40y \ VO.4 X 67 / June, 1880 1. Define a logarithm. Prove the rule for finding the characteristic of a logarithm. 2. How do you obtain the functions of an obtuse angle from an ordinary table of Trigonometric Functions ? why ? 3. Prove that tan (45° — |-a) = sec a — tan a. 4. Deduce the formulas required for solving a triangle when two sides and the included angle are given. 5. Given that two sides of a triangle are 10|- ft. and 16|- ft., and that the angle opposite the first side is 15°; solve the triangle. 176 PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE. 6. Given that the sides of the Delta on which Memorial Hall stands are 265 and 241 3^ards, and the included angle is 26° 40' ; required the length of the end of the Delta. 7. Given 2"' = |f ; find the value of x by logarithms. PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE. PHYSICS. September, 1887. 1. How much work will gravity do upon a kilogram mass during the first quarter-second of its fall from rest? during the second quarter-second? State the unit in which 3'ou ex- press the work. 2. Two equal inelastic masses moving in opposite direc- tions, one at the rate of 10 meters a second, the other at the rate of 6 meters per second, collide centrally. What fraction of their original kinetic energy disappears in the collision ? 3. If the pressure of the atmosphere were 15 lbs. per square inch, how great a force would be required to separate two Magdeburg hemispheres of 5 inches' diameter, the space within the sphere being a vacuum? 4. A certain quantity of air has a volume of 200 cu. cm. at 40° C. under a pressure of 600 mm. of mercury. What would be its volume at 100° C. under a pressure of 900 mm. of mercury ? 5. Write a short discourse upon the law. Bodies ivJien cold absorb the same kinds of rays that they give out luhen heated^ showing how the law has been proved by experiment and how its application has led to important discoveries. PHYSICAL AND NATUEAL SCIENCE. 177 6. Give an exact quantitative definition of the conductiv- ity of a substance for heat. 7. What is electric inductive capacity f What furnishes the light of the electric spark at the discharge of a Leyden jar? Show to what extent the potential energy of a Leyden jar is affected by doubling the quantity of electricity con- tained in its charge. July, 1886. [In problems 1, 2, and 3 adopt any units you please, but tell what ones you adopt,] 1. A body whose mass is 7?i, originally at rest on a smooth horizontal plane, is acted upon b}^ a horizontal force of / units during t seconds. What is its final velocity? How far does it move during the t seconds? Show how much work is done upon it during this time. 2. Let the mass, m, of a body and its velocity, -y, be such that the product my is 600. How long would this body move against a constant resistance equal to the force of gravity upon a body whose mass is 5 ? Can you tell how far the body would move against this resistance? 3. If the kinetic energy of such a body were 600, and its momentum unknown, how far would it move against the given resistance? Can you tell how Zon^ it would move in this case? 4. Show in what respect the air-thermometer is superior to any liquid thermometer as a scientific instrument. Show in what respects it is less convenient than the mercury ther- mometer. 5. A certain quantity of air has a volume of 200 cu. cm. at 40° C, under a pressure of 700 mm. of mercurj'. What would be its volume at 100° C. under a pressure of 800 mm. of mercury? 178 PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE. 6. Describe, as fully as you can, two methods which have been used for determining the velocity of light. Explain how the motion of a body may affect the position of the lines in its spectrum. In what cases has such an effect been observed ? 7. Give a careful account of Volta's theory of the action in his electric pile and of the criticisms which this theory has encountered. September, 1885. 1. Give your idea of "mass" and a careful account of the experiments and reasoning by means of which Newton proved that bodies of the same weight are of the same mass. 2. Give as full and accurate an account as you can of the way in which Newton established the law of universal gravi- tation. 3. A cord passing over a frictionless pulley has a mass of 20 grm. at one end, and 15 grm. at the other end. How long will it take these masses, starting from rest under the influ- ence of gravity, to acquire a velocity of 2 meters per second ? 4. Two equal inelastic masses moving in opposite direc- tions, one at the rate of 10 meters a second, the other at the rate of 5 meters a second, collide centrally. What fraction of their original kinetic energy is converted into heat by the collision ? 5. Define a " horse-power." If the temperature in the boiler of an engine is 150° C. and the temperature in the condenser 50° C, what is the largest possible fraction of the heat entering the cylinder that can be utilized in doing; work? » 6. Write a short discourse upon the law. Bodies when cold absorb the same kmd of rays that they give out ivhen PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE. 179 heated^ showing how the law has been established by ex- periment and how its application has led to important dis- coveries. 7. Give a careful account of Yolta's theory of the action in his electric pile and the criticisms that have been made upon this theory. June, 1885. 1 . Give your idea of ' ' mass " and a careful account of the experiments and reasoning by means of which Newton proved that bodies of the same weight are also of the same mass. 2. Let the mass of a body in kilograms be ?7i, and let its velocity in meters per second be v. Prove that in virtue of its motion it can do T^ kilogrameters of work. 3. Define energy and give an account of the doctrine of conservation of energy, with illustrations involving as many varieties of energy as possible. 4. Show why a sound-wave moving with the wind tends to keep close to the earth, while moving against the wind it tends to rise from the earth. 5. Define a " horse-power." Why could we not, even with a perfect engine, utilize in work all the heat supplied to the cylinder ? 6. Define specific heat. "What is Dulong and Petit's law in regard to the connec- tion between specific heat and atomic weight? 7. Explain, as if for a person unacquainted with ph^^sics, how the presence of certain substances has been detected in the sun. 180 PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE. 8. It being admitted that light is propagated by means of vibrations, what reason have we for believing these to be transverse vibrations? 9. Prove that in the case of any given Leyden jar the potential energy is proportional to the square of the quantity of electricity constituting the charge. June, 1884. 1. What is the ordinary method of comparing the masses of bodies? What possible method does Stewart describe as applicable where the ordinary method would fail? 2. Give the best account you can of the method by which Newton established the law of universal gravitation. 3. If the pressure of the atmosphere were 15 lbs. per square inch, what force would be required to separate two Magdeburg hemispheres of 4 inches diameter, the space within the sphere being a vacuum? 4. Show how Stewart, by means of the supposed collision of two railway trains, illustrates the law that the kinetic energy of a body is proportional to the square of its velocity. 5. Suppose a body to be vibrating in a straight line back- ward and forward on either side of its position of rest, toward which it is attracted by a force proportional to its distance from that point : give such proof as you can of the fact that the time of vibration will be independent of the range of vibration. 6. Give an exact numerical definition of the conductivity of a substance for heat. 7. Describe Watt's three main improvements in the steam* engine. PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE. 181 8. Give a brief description of the apparatus by means of which 3^ou would compare the intensity of radiation in differ- ent parts of the spectrum. 9. State Ohm's law for an electric current, and show that, if the "external" resistance of a circuit is small, the cur- rent may be only slightly increased by increasing the number of cells in the battery. 10. From a mechanical point of view, from what depth could coal be raised with profit ? Mechanical equivalent of heat is 772 foot pounds. One pound coal gives out 11,000 units of heat in burning. CHEMISTRY. Eliot and Stoker. 1. Describe experiments by which the composition of water may be determined both analytically and synthetically. What are the grounds for writing the symbol of water HgO? 2. Describe the preparation of hydrochloric acid gas, and write the reaction by which the process is represented. How many liters of hydrochloric acid gas can be made from ten grams of salt? What is the liquid hydrochloric acid used in the laboratory ? What is the action of hydrochloric acid on zinc, and on sodic carbonate? Write the reaction in both cases. 3. What is the common ore of lead? How is the metal obtained from the ore? What is the best solvent for this metal, and what is the substance formed by the solution? How is silver in a lead ore separated from the lead ? 4. What is the chief source of alcohol, and what is the nature of the process by which it is formed? Describe the preparation of vinegar and the nature of the chemical process involved. 182 PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE. BOTANY. [Omit one question.] 1. Name and describe the parts of a typical flower. Which of them are essential ? 2. Describe the mode of life of an annual, a biennial, and a perennial plant. Mention two plants of each type. 3. Define the following terms relating to (a) the root and (6) the stem. (a) Aerial, fibrous, parasitic. (5) Herbaceous, stolon, endogenous, heart-wood. 4. Name the parts of a complete leaf. What are equitant leaves ? 5. Show clearly how you would distinguish a cyme from a corymb. What is an umbel, a raceme, a spadix? 6. Describe the various ways in which the parts of a flower may be united and the ways in which the ovules may be placed in the ovary. 7. Describe the structure of the seed. Tell how the seeds of the morning-glory, the bean, the pine, and Indian corn differ from one another. 8. What is a natural system of classification? What are the principal differences between exogens and endogens? 9. What are the principal uses of plants? / PAPEES OF YALE UNIVERSITY; SHEFFIELD SCIEN- TIFIC SCHOOL; COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY (PRINCETON); COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF MINES. YALE UNIVERSITY. June, 1887. LATIN GRAMMAR. [Time allowed, 45 minutes.] 1. Compare malus, nequam, pulcher, similis. Decline senex, filia, duo^ scribens. Give the Latin expression for May lOth. 2. Give the perfect and supine of rapio^ crepo, meto, tundo. What are denominative verbs? Give examples. Inflect volo and eo in the present and future indicative, and the present and imperfect subjunctive. 3. State what rules are violated in the following sentences and make the necessary corrections : — (a) hmiG vitam sine libris frui non possumus. (b) a qui in Capua capiebantur, ignoscendi sunt, (c) me ipsum nunquam satisfacio. (d) quid tibi hoc interest. 4. Put the following indirect discourse into the direct: Ei [Caesari] Ariovistus respondit, si quid ipsi a Caesare opus esset sese ad eum ventariim fuisse ; sibi mirum videri, quid in sua Gallia, quam bello vicisset, Caesari negotii esset. 186 CAESAR. — CICERO. CAESAR. [Time allowed, 30 minutes.] I. Translate Bell. Gal. I. 41. II. Translate Bell. Gal. III. 18. III. (a) When and by what authority was Caesar in Gaul? (5) Describe the Roman legion as it was in Caesar's time, — its size, divisions, officers, and weapons. CICERO. [Time allowed, 1 hour.] I. Explain the meaning of novus homo. In what year was Cicero consul? What offices had he previously held? What became of Catiline ? How was the punishment of the conspirators the cause of Cicero's banishment? Where was Cicero born? What other distinguished man was born at the same place? II. Translate Cat. II. 21. What kind of a numeral is quart us f Give the force of the derivative endings mturhulentus^ inertia^ &xi^ proscription What does ita modify ? III. Translate Cat. IV. 9. Explain the subjunctives. Give the construction of mea (1), cognitore, alteram. To what classes do the genitives Ca£saris, sententiae, and negotii belong? IV. Translate Arch. I. What were the provisions of the law under which Archias claimed Roman citizenship? With which requirement was it difficult to show that he had complied ? What is the con- VERGIL. 187 elusion of si quid . . . ingenii ? What is the construction of q^iod (1)? Why is sit subjunctive? Give the principal parts of injitior and conjiteor. VERGIL, INCLUDING LATIN PROSODY. [Time allowed, 70 minutes.] I. Copy and divide into feet the following four verses, marking the caesurae (Aen. IV. 60-64). Give rules for the quantity of the ultima in ipsa (60), dextra (60), Dido (60), donis (63) ; and of the penult in ora (62), spatiatur (62), and pecudum (63). What rule for the quantity of an ultima is not observed in 64 ? What is hiatus ? VERGIL. II. Translate Eel. III. 32-39. III. Mode and tense of ausim (32) ? What is the con- struction of id (35) ? Why are the vitis and the hedera ap- propriate decorations for the pocula f What poet did Vergil chiefly imitate in the Eclogues ? IV. Translate Aen. I. 565-574. V. (a) What is the construction of vestra (573) ? Give the i.ncontracted form for Aeneadum (565). Account for the mode of nesciat (565). (b) Explain the meaning of verse 4. What is meant by Saturnia arva (569) and what by Erycis fines (570) ? VL Translate Aen. IV. 416-428. VII. (a) Remark upon the use of the voice in proper rari (416) and of the mode in colere (422). (5) Give the meaning of the last four verses and explain the references. 188 OVID AT SIGHT. OVID AT SIGHT. [Time allowed, 40 minutes.] Translate : — Aesacon iimbrosa fnrtim peperisse sub Ida Fertur Alexirhoe, Granico nata bicorDi. Oderat hie urbes, nitidaqne remotus ab aula Secretes montes et inambitiosa colebat Rura, nee Iliaeos coetus nisi rarus adibat. Non agreste tamen nee incxpugnabile amori Pectus habens, silvas captatam saepe per omnes. Aspicit Hesperieu patria Cebrenida^ ripa, Iniectos umeris siccantem sole capillos. Visa fugit nymphe, veluti perterrita fulvum Cerva lupum, longeqiie lacu deprensa relicto Accipitrem fluvialis anas, quain Troius heros Insequitur, celeremque nietu celer urguet amore. Ecce latens herba coluber fugientis adunco Dente pedem strinxit, virusque in corpore liquit. Cum vita subpressa fuga est. amplectitur amens Exanimem, clamatque " piget, piget esse secutum ! Sed non hoc timui, nee erat mihi vincere tanti. Perdidimus miser ani nos te duo : vulnus ab angue, A me causa data est. ego sum sceleratior illo : Qui tibi morte mea mortis solacia mittam." Dixit, et e scopulo, quern rauca subederat unda, Se dedit in pontum. Tethys miserata cadentem Molliter excepit, nantemque per aequora penuis Texit, et optatae non est data copia mortis. 1 Cebren, a river in the Troad. PEOSE LATIN AT SIGHT. 189 PROSE LATIN AT SIGHT. [Time allowed, 45 minutes.] Translate : — Pr. Idus Oct. Athenas venimus, cum sane adversis ventis iisi essemus tardeque et incommode navigassemus. De nave exeuntibus nobis Acastus cum litteris praesto fuit uno et vicensimo die, sane strenue. Accepi tuas litteras, quibus intellexi te vereri ne superiores mihi redditae non essent : omnes sunt redditae diligentissimeque a te perscripta sunt omnia ; idque mihi gratissimum fuit. Neque sum admiratus hauc epistolam, quam Acastus attulit, brevem fuisse ; iam enim me ipsum exspectas sive nos ipsos, qui quidem quam primum ad vos venire cupimus, etsi, in quam rem publicam veniamus, intellego : cognovi enim ex multorum amicorum litteris, quas attulit Acastus, ad arma rem spectare, ut mihi, cum venero, dissimulare non liceat, quid sentiam. Sed, quoniam subeunda fortuna est, eo citius dabimus operam, ut veniamus, quo facilius de tota re deliberemus. Tu velim, quam longissime poteris obviam nobis prodeas. De heredi- tate Preciana, quae quidem mihi magno dolori est — valde enim ilium amavi — , sed hoc velim cures : si auctio ante meum adventum fiet, ut Pomponius aut, si is minus poterit, Camillus nostrum negotium curet. Nos cum salvi venerimus, reliqua per nos agemus ; sin tu iam Roma profecta eris, tamen curabis, ut hoc ita fiat. Nos, si di adiuvabant, cir- citer Idus Novembres in Italia speramus fore. LATIN COMPOSITION. [Time allowed, 45 minutes.] Many advised Hannibal to take the remainder of that day and the following night for rest ; but IVIaharbal thought that 190 ROMAN HISTORY. there should be no delay. " That you may know," he said, "how great is our victory, within five days you shall feast in the Capitol. Pursue the enemy ; I will go ahead with the cavalry that the Romans may kuow that 3'ou have come before they know that you are coming." As Hannibal said that he must take time to deliberate, Maharbal replied : "Hannibal, you know how to conquer: you do not know how to use your conquest." It is believed that that day's delay was the salvation of Rome. EOMAN HISTORY. [Time allowed, 30 minutes.] 1. What powers did Octavianus Augustus take to himself? What change did he make in the government of Rome? What changes did Constantine make? 2. The gradual extension of the rio;ht of Roman citizen- ship, the causes of each extension and dates. 3. What were the possessions of Rome at the beginning of the Christian Era? How were they acquired and when? 4. Explain : praetorian guards; provincia; colonia; tri- hunus plehis; comitia centuriata. 5. AlUa, Bsneventum, Saguntum, Metaurus, Pharsalia; where were they? what happened there, and when? GREEK GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION. '[Time allowed, I2 hours. All Greek words to be written with accents.] I. Translate into G reek : — Orontes told Cyrus that if he would give him one thousand cavalry he would utterly destroy the hostile force before XENOPHON. 191 them. This seemed a good plan to Cyrus, and he bade Orontes take a company from each leader. When the traitor believed that all was in readiness, he wrote a letter to the kins to tell him that he would come with as many horsemen as possible. But the man who received the letter, gave it not to the king, but to Cyrus, who read it and at once arrested Orontes. II. TMV Be M6V0)V0<; arpartcorMV ^vka a^l^cav tl^; w? elhe Tov KXeap^ov SteXavvovra, ltjo-l rrj a^tvy • Kal ovTOevj€L eh to iavrov aTpdrevfJia, Kal €v6v<; TrapayyeWet et? ra bifka. a. Give the principal parts of the verbs in the passage. h. The synopsis (first form in each mode) of the first four verbs (in the tense used here), c. Construction of each nominative, genitive, and dative, d. Force of each preposi- tion in the passage, e. Inflect rt?, ovros, aviy/a, -qhv^i, voXv's, (in sing.) . /. Inflect the imperfect active of ipoirdu). g. What are the different forms of conditional sentences ? ' 7i. Give examples of hiatus, elision, apocope, assimilation of con- sonants, i. Compare voXm, aocjios, SiKatos, /xeXas- j' What different ways of expressing purpose are used in Greek ? XBNOPHON. [Time allowed, 1 hour.] I. Translate Anabasis I. ii. 25 f . as far as Trplv rj ywr] avTov eTreicre Kal TrtO'Tets eXa^e. What is the force of rwv after o/jwv, eha ? Construction of Tt, VTToXacfiOivTa?, tov<; Tapcrovs, ovSevt, Kupw. II. Translate Anabasis II. iii. 5-7. Give the construction of jw-ax^?? o ToXpi^a-wv, w, eUora, SoKotcv, 192 HOMER. ySao-tAet, aTracTLv, hiayy eXOrj. Force of avrots. Why is /x>j (not ov) used with jropiaas ? III. Translate Anabasis III. ii. 11-13. Give the construction of klv8vvov• GREEK AT SIGHT. [Time allowed, 45 minutes.] Tc3 8' eTTLovTi €T€i, Avaavhpo^ d(f>LK6/jL6Vo<; 6t9'E^eecrT(bTa(;. 7]KovTa Be A'vaavBpov ovk ela vav/jLa)(^elv 7rpo9 'A0r]vaLov<;, edv jjltj 7. oXXq) 7rX6tof9 vav-i#)(. + J,). 4. Solve -^x-^4.0 = 10-^x. 6. Solve mx^ + onn = 2 m-y^'nx + nx^- 6. Given — : — : : 3 : 7, and a;^- 2/^ = 9, to find a; and 2/. X y 7. Expand by the Binomial Theorem, 3b(2x — y)'^. GEOMETRY. [Time allowed, 1 hour. The candidate may omit any two propositions.] 1. To inscribe a circle in a given triangle, — 2. If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle to the hypotenuse of a right triangle. 196 GERMAN. (1) The two triangles thus formed are similar to each other, and to the whole triangle ; (2) The perpendicular is a mean proportional between the segments of the hypotenuse ; (3) Each side about the right angle is a mean propor- tional between the hypotenuse and the adjacent segment. 3. The area of a circle is equal to half the product of its circumference by its radius. 4. Given the radius of a circle as 8 inches ; find the cir- cumference of the circle, also the area of a sector of 40° of the circle. 5. If BC is the base of an isosceles triangle, ABO, and BD is drawn perpendicular to AC, the angle DBC is equal to one-half the angle A. 6. AB is any chord, and AO is tangent to a circle at A, CDE a line cutting the circumference in D aud E and par- allel to AB ; show that the triangle ACD is similar to the trianole EAB. GERMAN. (gg ttjar t)or l^ier Sa^rett, am XaQt ber ^irrfjiuei^. 3)u it)tvft btc^ geirt^ nod) ertnnern, tnie tuftig wix bamal^ in bent ©arten tan.^ten, einen SJJenuett urn ben anbern. 3)te fdpnfte 3;;an^evtn wax hmxt ©d)n)efter Sifette. ®od) at^ wix eben gum Satger antraten, wax fie Derfd)n3unben, nlemanb luu^te n)o{)tn. ®ie biteb faft etne ©tunbc fort, e§ erregte 5luffef)en. (Sie be^auptete nad)l)er, Don betnem ^ater bcfragt, gu §anfe ^orbereitungen fiiuS 5lbenbeffen getroffen gu Ijaben. 5lfletn ha^ luar etne 9^ot(itge. 6ie gtng gang mo anber^ ^tn, nnb id) wdf,, n^o fie gemefen ift, benn tc^ bin i^r nac^^ gefd)ltd)en ; fte )uar mcf)t git ^anfe, ttjte fie fpater angab,fonbern fie elite t)or bie ©tabt unb tjerfc^maitb bort in bem §trten§au^d)en, wo FRENCH. 197 ber edjcifer ^ai^tx m{)nt, ber fid) eineS fef)r getrubten ^eumunbeg eifi-eut unb fitr einen §mibebie6 gilt, h)ei( er mtt §unbefett ^anbelt 2Bte lonnte ehie ^mtmaun^tod)ter, luib obeubietu tin 33at(!(eibe, ben ^ataer befiid)en? 2)a§ biinfte mir fe()u uerbad)tig. ^(fo hJartete id) eine 2Bei(e, bi^ Sifette iuieber f)eraiie!dme, urn fie giir S^tebe ^u fteUen. Iber fie fam nic^t. 5SoU Ungebulb umging i^ ba^ §au«- d)cit. 3)te genfter finb gan^ niebrig^unb man !ann bequem (jinein* fd)auen, o()ne bon innen bemerft ^u luerben. -3d) fpa()te ()inein, unb \^t\\h bir, luag id) ba faf) ! ^nf einem ®ti-ol)fad tag bie giuo(fja()rige ^od)ter be§ ®d)dfei\^ unb neben bem f)i(f(ofen 2Befen faf3 Sifette im iuetj^en ^Icibe mit ben roten Q3anbern, unb ^flegte unb bevu[)igte ha^ avme ^inb. @^ ^tte tag§ t)or()er ben ^rm gebvodjen unb fid) ben ^opf arg gerfatten, tnbem e^ Don ber $?eiter ftuv^te. !Dic rot)en ©(tern n)aren tro^oem ()eute guv mn\it gegangen, unbefnmmert urn bie geiben ber Dertaffenen ^(einen. Sifette aber i:)atte ben ©d)afer unb fein 2Beib auf bent STan^pta^ gaffenb ge]e()en unb beibe (ange beoba^tet ; fie Uiugte ton bem Unfatte be^ ^inbe§, fie fteUte fid) tor, mie e§ ungepftegt baf)eim (iegc, fie fonnte nid)t meiter tangen unb eitte f)inan^, gu fjetfen unb gn troften. Unb fo fal) id) fie burd)§ genfter unb !onnte mid) nid)t fatt iet)en an bem 33ilbe. 35on ^in^ be^beinen ^tten mir gufammen getebt, unb bod) mar eg mir, ai^ f)atte id) ^eute Stfette pm erften Mai erblidt. ©ott id) ba^ 2Bort fpred)en ? 2Sir ()atten un^ bi§()er fo na()e geftanben, ha^ id) fie nur gern ()aben, nid)t lieben !onnte ; je^t ftanb fie mir fo fjod), fo fcrn^ la^ id) fie tiebte, — feit biefcr ©tunbe ! 9)^an lebt fid) nid)t lang^ fam ein in bie Siebe ; bie Siebe aitnbet mie ber 33U^, ober fie gitnbet iiberfiaupt md)t. -3d) eraa^le ieljt nid)t meiter ; id) l)abe nid)t ^tem baau. FRENCH. [Time allowed, 1 hour.] Je suis depiiis hier aux P^tuvages : c'est le nom de la ferme, et je ne m'etonue pas qu'on le lui ait donne en voyant 198 FKENCH. les beaux pres qui I'entourent et les troupeaux qui y pais- sent. La maison est tout ce qu'il y a de plus simple. Elle est basse et tout entouree des granges et des etables. Ou y eutre par une cour rustique, au centre de laquelle un magni- fique saule pleureur abrite une fontaine. J'ai 6te toute sur- prise en voyant de I'autre c6te un vaste jardin rempli de roses de toutes les nuances et de toutes les espeees. Au dela s'etendent de grandes prairies en pente douce semees d'arbres fruitiers. On ne se douterait pas qu'on est si pr^s d'un vil- lage, car on n'apercoit pas une maison. Sur la gauche, a une lieue environ de la ferme, on voit une grande for^t qu'ou me promet de me faire visiter. De I'autre c6t^, un ravin profond la separe d'une colline oh s'eleve une tour en mines. On dit que c'est le plus beau point de vue du pays. Hier, madame Simon est venue me chercher elle-m^me. Mademoiselle Barbe avait fait ma malle avec tant de peines, de soupirs, d'allees et venues, que, lorsqu'elle eut fini, j'etais plus fatiguee que si j'avais fait dix malles moi-m^me. Ma tante Corn^lie m'a donne mysterieusement une petite bourse antique et fanee contenant cinq francs pour le cas oi^i j'aurais quelque depense a faire. Ma tante Angelique ne m'a fait ni cadeau ni recommandation ; ses adieux out ete f roids. Gene- vieve m'a grondee de ce que je m'en allais ainsi courir le monde ; puis elle m'a embrassee et m'a dit : "Amusez-vous et faites-vous du bien." Madame Simon m'a fait monter dans la voiture decouverte et s'est mise pr^s de moi. On a place ma petite caisse derriere nous, et nous sommes partis au trot de deux lourds chevaux que conduisait un paysan en blouse bleue. Je me sentais intimidee. Madame Simon ne disait rien. Une fois seulement elle a remonte mon ch^e qui avait glisse, et m'a demande si j'etais bien fatiguee. Sa voix est douce et cares- sante ; j'aime a I'entendre. CLASSIFIED PAPERS, LATIN GRAMMAR. July, 1886. [In writing Latin words mark the quantity of the penult.] 1. Decline ihxon^owt Jilia^ fructus, vis, and vir. 2. Compare acer, frzigi, and malus. Decline acer. 3. Give the mode and tense of each of the following forms, and state to which conjugation each verb belongs : edcwi, currebatis, partiar^ ameris, quaesierat, rueritis, scistis, tribuamus, sedebitis ? 4. Inflect in the present and future indicative malo, eo, morior. 5. 7s tanti eget quanta opus est — give rules for the ob- lique cases. Explain why ignoscor is not to be written for "I am pardoned." Hostibus victis Caesar Italiam profectus est — what principle of syntax is violated here? Illustrate with sentences how present and past conditions contrary to fact are expressed in Latin. 6. Explain the subjunctives in the following passage: Cum quaereret Caesar, quam ob rem Ariovistus bello non decertaret, hanc reperiebat causam, quod apud Germanos ea consuetudo esset, ut matresfamiliae eorum sortibus dedararent, utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne. June, 1885. [In writing Latin words of more than two syllables mark the quantity of the penult.] 1. Decline in full dea^frater, liber (book), os (bone). 200 LATIN GRAMMARo 2. Form the adverbs from l%bei\ acer, melior. Compare svmilis, neqiiam, multus. Decline melior. 3. Give the synopsis in the third person singular, indica- tive and subjunctive, of sto^jiibeo, venio. 4. Give the present and imperfect subjunctive of nvlo^ eo^fio. 5. In the following sentences give the construction of italicized words ; the nominative and genitive, singular, and the gender of all the nouns ; the nominative and genitive, singular, in full, of all the adjectives and pronouns ; the principal parts of all the verbs, and the reason for the sub- junctive mode in each instance : (a) In his locis navium parandarum causa moratur. (b) Caesar intelligebat qua de causa ea dicerentur. (c) Id oppidum, ne cni esset usui Homanis^ incenderunt. (d) Quaesivi quid dubitaret proficisci domum. What other expressions might be used instead of navium parandarum causa ? June, 1884. [In writing Latin words, mark the quantity of the penult in those of more than two syllables.] 1. Decline dies, vis, maior. 2. Decline each of the personal pronouns. 3. Give the synopsis of the third person plural, indica- tive, active and passive, of a verb of each of the four regu- lar conjugations. 4. Synopsis of the third person singular, indicative and subjunctive, of possum, volo. 5. Rules for accusative and ablative of time. Use of the modes in indirect discourse. LATIN GRAMMAR. 201 In the following sentences tell where each word is made, with its construction or agreement; give the nominative and genitive singular and gender of each noun ; the nominative and genitive singular in full of each adjective or pronoun ; the comparison of each word in the comparative or superla- tive degree ; the principal parts of each verb ; and the reason for each instance of the subjunctive mode. (a) Non cognovi quid fieri possit. (b) Hoc in aliis minus mirabar. (c) Si quis domum relinquere velit, poscat. (d) Cum maxima pars hostium fusa erat, rediit exercitus in castra. What change of meaning would be made in tlie last sen- tence by the substitution of esset for erat? June, 1883. [In writing Latin words, mark the quantity of tlie penult in those of more than two syllables.] 1. 'Decline pars, corpus, domus. 2. Decline idem, qui. 3. Grive the synopsis of the third person singular, indica- tive and subjunctive active, of a verb of each of the four regular conjugations. 4. What are the tenses in common use of the verbs me- mini and aio respectively ? 5. Under what circumstances can the dative be used to express the agent? When can relative clauses take the sub- junctive ? In the following sentences tell where each word is made, with its construction or agreement ; give the nominative and genitive singular and gender of each noun ; the nominative 202 LATIN GRAMMAR. and genitive singular in full of each adjective or pronoun ; the comparison of any word which is in the comparative degree ; the principal parts of each verb ; and the reason for each instance of the subjunctive mode. (a) Senex ille plus quam voluit perdidit. (b) In fines eorum mittebantur, ut auxilium ferrent. (c) Odi profanum vulgus et arceo. (d) Non vidi quid perfecisset. What difference of meaning would be made by the sub- stitution of perfecerit in the last sentence ? By the substitu- tion of perjiceretf September, 1882. [In writing Latin words of more than one syllable, mark the quantity of the penult.] 1. Give the synopsis in the third plural indicative of a verb of each of the four regular conjugations. 2. Decline a noun of the third declension having the nominative plural ending in -ia. What is the stem of such a noun ? 3. Give the nominative and genitive singular and the gen- der of the substantives in the following sentences ; the nom- inative and genitive singular of all genders of the adjectives and pronouns ; and the principal parts of the verbs and participles. If a noun or verb is defective, or has different meanings in different forms, call attention to the fact. (a) Eodem tempore interfecti sunt hostium duces. (5) Castra in locis iniquis posita. (c) Quis mortuus erat? (d) Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit. 4. Name, and illustrate by short Latin sentences, the different uses of the genitive case. CAESAH. 203 5. In what ways does the Latin express the Agent? 6. Use of the modes in indirect discourse. 7. Give some of the circumstances under which a relative clause will take the subjunctive. CAESAR. September, 1886. I. Translate Bell. Gall. I. 36. II. Translate Bell. Gall. II. 11. III. Give a brief sketch of Caesar's life. July, 1886. I. Translate Bell. Gall. II. 31. II. Change the speech to the direct form. III. Translate Bell. Gall. III. 19. IV. (a) When, how long, and by what authority was Caesar in Gaul? (b) Mention the leading events of the first three books, (c) Name the size, divisions, and officers of the Roman legion. September, 1885. I. Translate Bell. Gall. II. 6. II. Translate Bell. Gall. III. 22. III. (a) Describe passus, teshido, legio, vigilia, Tiora. (b) Give the time, cause, and results of Caesar's campaigns in Gaul. 204 CICERO. June, 1885. I. Translate Bell. Gall. I. 50. II. Translate Bell. Gall. III. 24. III. (a) Give a brief outline of Caesar's life, (b) When and by what authority was he in Gaul ? (c) State what you know about the ancient Gauls. June, 1884. [Translate any two of the passages.] I. Bell. Gall. I. 25. III. Bell. Civ. I. 14. II. Bell.Gall.iy.il. TV. Bell. Civ. II. 4. September, 1883. [Translate any two of the passages.] I. Bell. Gall. I. 50. III. Bell. Civ. I. 42. II. Bell. Gall. III. 19. IV. Bell. Civ. II. 42. July, 1883. [Write a brief life of Julius Caesar. Translate any two of the following passages.] I. Bell. Gall. I. 46. III. Bell. Civ. I. 14. II. Bell. Gall. III. 28. IV. Bell. Civ. II. 19. CICERO. July, 1886. I. Translate Cat. I. 13. II. (a) Give the etymology of Stator. Why was Ju- piter at first so called ? Why does Cicero say vere nomina- CICERO. 205 mus? (6) To what classes do the genitive urbis, urbis, civium, and patriae belong? (c) Give the construction of urb s 2iVidi Romulo. (d) arcebis — what use of the tense ? III. Translate Cat. IV. 5. IV. (a) What business was before the senate when this oration was delivered? What was the lex Sempronia^ and why was it so called? Who was the latorf (b) What was a suppUcatiof V. Translate Arch. 10. VI. (a) Explain the mode of inveneris, and the mode and tense of obruisset. (5) Locate Sigeum. How came Alexander to be there? Supply the verb with et vere. (c) Name some of the teachers of Cicero. Give some account of his banishment. When did he write his philosophical works ? June, 1885. I. (a) Give the principal verb in the first sentence (cum summis . . . integram deferrem) of the following passage. After this write the successive dependent verbs in the order of their dependence, in each case giving the connecting word, whether conjunction or relative, and the verbs which it connects. What name is given to a sentence composed thus of a principal clause and dependent clauses? How does the Latin language differ from the English in regard to the emplo^'ment of such sentences ? (b) Translate In Catilinam III. 3. II. (a) Translate In Catilinam IV. 1. (b) What was the forum (line 5), and in what part of the city was it? What place is meant by campus (line 6), and what popular assembly was held there as implied by the words consularibus auspiciisf What is the subject discussed 206 CICEEO. by the orator in this oration, and what course does he advo- cate? What other Latin writer besides Cicero has treated in detail of the Catilinarian conspiracy ? III. (a) Translate In Catilinam I. 7. (6) Give the etymology of meliercule. Explain the mode of metuerent. Explain the case of aspectu. Where is mal- lem made, and what is its derivation? June, 1884. I. Translate Pro Archia, VI. II. (a) State brie% what you know on the following points about the life and times of Cicero : The time and place of Cicero's birth. His education and his career in politics until he reached the consulship. The nominal and the real reason for his exile. The manner of his death. How he bore the sorrows and disappointments which fell to his lot. Whether we have any specimens of his extempo- raneous oratory. The nature of his literary works other than his speeches. His date compared with that of the other great Latin writers, like Caesar, Vergil, Livy, Ovid, and Horace. (b) Account for the subjunctives suasissem, obiecissem, and iacerent. What is the genitive plural of mortis, of voces, of mentemf State the general principle which applies to each case. What is the ablative singular of omnia, and what of proponens? State the general principle which ap- plies to each case. The genitive singular of words like exsilium is in some texts written exsilii, and in others exsili; which was probably Cicero's method ? What is the construc- tion of parvif What kind of a pronoun is mihif Form the following words, giving in each case the stem word and the termination with its meaning : adulescentia, dimicatio, vetus- tas, scriptor. CICEEO. 207 [Translate any one of the following passages.] III. Ill Catilinam II. 11. IV. Pro Lege Manilla, XIII. V. Pro M. Marcello, IX. June, 1883. [Any two passages may be omitted.] I. (a) Translate In L. Catilinam Prima, XI. (b) Give a brief sketcli of Cicero's life up to the time of the delivery of this oration. What political offices had he successively held, as suggested bj^ the words per om7iis honorum gracilis f What in general were the duties of these officers, and at what age did he reach the consulship, as sug- gested by the words tarn mature ad summum imperium ? II. (a) Translate Pro Archia, III. (b) Mario consule et Catulo — about what time was this? Res ad scribendum maximas — mention some of them. (c) Explain the expression cum praetextatus . . . A^^- chias esset. What does it imply as to the age of Archias at the time when he came to Rome ? Why is Quintus Metellus called ille Numidicus ? Give the present of nactus est. Ex- plain the subjunctives in the passage. III. (a) Translate Pro M. Marcello, YI. (b) What part of speech is nostri, and how is this deter- mined? From what kind of a verb does the so show ex- timescentem to be? What figure of speech in Martis vis? Why is quin employed here rather, for example, than quomi- nusf What does ut connect, quin, si, and quoniam? Ex- plain the uses of the subjunctive mode in the passage. IV. (a) Translate Pro Lege Manilla, XXIII. 208 CICERO. (6) Explain the uses of subjunctive mode in the passage. What other ways of expressing a prohibition than the one employed in nolite duhitare f What other constructions after verbs of rejoicing than the accusative with the infinitive, as in quern . . . venisse gaudeantf (c) State briefly the subject of this oration and the cir- cumstances under which it was delivered. September, 1882. I. Translate Pro Archia, III. (a) Mario consule et Gatulo — about what time was this ? Kes ad scribendum maximas — meution some of them. (b) Explain the expression cum jjraetextatus . . . ArcJiias esset. What does it imply as to the age of Archias at the time when he came to Rome? Why is Quintus Metellus called ille Numidicus? (c) Give the present of nactus est. Explain the subjunc- tives posset, and esset, and the genitive ingenii. II. Translate In Catilinam Tertia, IX. (a) Give the derivation of the words caedes, incendia, interitum, liodierno, and conjurati. (b) Explain the subjunctives neget and esset responsura. What answer is implied b}^ the interrogative particle nonne? What other particles does the Latin use to introduce simple direct questions, and what answers do they respectively imply ? [Any two of the following passages may be omitted.] III. Translate In Catilinam Qiiarta, VII. (a) Give the origin of the expression Patres conscripti. What is the difference in use between libertinus and libertusf What is meant hy fortunam civitatisf LATIN PEOSODY, VEEGIL, AND OVID. 209 (b) Explain the ablatives loco and conditione and the sub- junctives sit and cupiat. What part of speech is defenden- dam ? Could the gerund be substituted and how would the Latin differ if it were employed? IV. Translate Pro Ligario, VII. (a) Give the construction of utrum, of the clause Liga- rium . . . venire, and of senatui. (b) State briefly the circumstances under which the ora- tion was delivered. V. Translate Pro Marcello, V. (o) Who is meant by ille ? What is the construction of pacts f What is the derivation of prudensf (6) Describe the toga. With whom did Cicero side in the civil war ? B LATIN PROSODY, VERGIL, AND OVID. July, 1886. LATIN PROSODY. Copy and divide into feet the following verses, marking the caesurae : Aen. I. 697-700. Give rules for the quantity of the ultima in venit, aurea, Aeneas, strato, and of the ptenult in Aeneas. What is the most common verse caesura in this kind of metre ? VERGIL. I. Translate Aen. II. 776-784. II. (a) Give the construction of qicid (776), tantum (776), dolori (776), tibi (780), Hesperiam (781). Why 210 LATIN FKOSODY, VERGIL, AND OVID. the plural in exsilia (780) ? (5) Who is the dulds conjunx (777)? — the regia conjunx (783)? Why is Thyhris called Lydiusf (c) How is the definite prophecy given to Aeneas in 781 inconsistent with the story of his subsequent attempts at settlement? III. Translate Aen. V. 799-811. IV. (a) Why is the adjective Saturnius (799) applied to domitor maris? Cytherea (800) — who is addressed? Ex- plain the reference in unde genus duds (801). (&) What kind of a derivative is Pelides (808) ? What endings are employed to form such derivatives? V. Translate Eel. I. 64-72. VI. (a) What is the construction of Afros (64) ? What do the four localities of verses 64-66 represent? How long had the Romans possessed any definite knowledge of Brit- ain? (5) What was Vergil's birthplace? To what personal experience is reference made in 70 ? OVID. [Euiydice has died from the bite of a snake, and Orpheus in the lower world is begging that she may be restored to him,] " O positi sub terra mumina nundi, in quem recidimus, quicquid mortale creamur ; si licet, et falsi positis ambagibus oris vera loqui sinitis, non hue, ut opaca viderem Tartara, descendi, nee uti villosa colubris terna Medusaei vincirem guttura monstri. causa viae conjunx, in quam calcata venenum vipera diffudit, crescentesque abstulit annos. posse pati volui, nee me temptasse negabo : vicit Amor. Supera deus hie bene notus in ora est : 10 an sit et hie, dubito, sed et hie tamen auguror esse. famaque si veteris non est mentita rapinae, LATIN PROSODY, VERGIL, AND OVID. 211 vos quoque junxit Amor. Per ego haec loca plena timoris, per Chaos hoc ingeos, vastique silentia regoi, Eurydices, oro, properata retexite fata, quod si fata negant veniam pro conjuge, certum est nolle redh'e mihi : leto gaudete duorum." Talia dicentem nervosque ad verba moventem exsangues flebant animae ; nee Tantalus undam captavit refugam stupuitque Ixionis orbis, 20 nee carpsere jecur volucres, urnisque vacarunt Eelides,^ inque tuo sedisti, Sisyphe, saxo. tunc primum lacrimis victarum carmine fama est Eumenidum maduisse genas. Nee regia conjunx sustinet oranti, nee qui regit ima, negare. Explain briefly verse 12. What was the offence of Tantalus? The reference in nee carpsere jecur volucres (v. 21), How does Vergil describe this (Aen. vi.) ? June, 1885. LATIN PROSODY. I. Copy and divide into feet Aen. 752-756, marking the caesurae. Give rules for the length of is in navigiis^ i final in exigui, a in interea, and the second syllable in robora and Aeneas, Define (a) masculine caesura, (6) feminine caesura. Illus- trate the use of one or both of these, if possible, from the preceding passage. VERGIL. II. Translate Aen. II. 657-668. Genitor (657) refers to whom? Explain the case of animo (660), ore (658), Jioc (664). What is the subject of erat (664), and Juvat (661) ? By what clause is hoc (664) 1 Belides = Danaides. 212 LATIN PROSODY, VERGIL, AND OVID. explained? "What is the usual construction with sperare? What part of speech is quod (664) ? Give the circumstan- ces connecting this passage with the main thread of the story. At what point in his wanderings is Aeneas first introduced to the reader of the Aeneid ? III. Translate Aen. Y. 724-735. To whom do 7iate and mihi (724) refer? Locate Avernus. Explain the reference in qui classlbus ignem depuUt, 726-7. What is the subject of Book V. of the Aeneid? 3. Translate Eel. YI. 1-12. Who is symbolized by Tityrus ? Comment upon Syraco- sio (1), Cynthius (3). Explain briefly in your own language the first eight lines. Who was Varus (10), and how was he connected with Vergil f OVID. lY. Translate : — 1. Yiribus inferior — quis enim par esset Atlanti viribus ? — 'At quoniam parvi tibi gratia nostra est, accipe munus,' ait ; laevaque a parte Medusae ipse retroversus squalentia prodidit ora. quantus erat, mons factus Atlas : nam barba comaeque in silvas abeunt, juga sunt humerique manusque ; quod caput ante fuit, summo est in monte cacumen ; ossa lapis fiunt. Tum partes auctus in omnes crevit in immensum — sic di statuistis — et omne cum tot sideribus caelum requievit in illo. 2. Dis tribus ille focos totidem de cespite ponit, laevum Mercurio, dextrum tibi, bellica Yirgo ; ara Jovis media est : mactatur vacca Minervae, alipedi vitulus, taurus tibi, summe deorum. protinus Andromedan et tanti praemia facti LATIN PROSODY, VEBGIL, AND OVID. 213 indotata rapit. Taedas Hymenaens Amorque praecutiunt ; largis satiantur odoribus ignes, sertaque dependent tectis, et ubiqne lyraeque tibiaque et cantus, animi felicia laeti argumenta, sonant. Reseratis aurea valvis atria tota patent, pulchroque instructa paratu Ceplieni proceres ineunt convivia regis. Postquam epulis functi generosi munere BaccM diffudere animos, cultusque geniisque locorum quaerit Lyncides, moresque animumque virorum ; qui simul edocuit, ' Nunc, O fortissime,' dixit ' fare precor, Perseu, quanta virtute, quibusque artibus abstuleris crinita draconibus ora.' reserare = unclose. Cephenus = Ethiopian. diffundere = relax. crinita draconibus = with snaky locks. ] June, 1884. LATIN PROSODY. I. Copy Aen. 446-449, and divide them into feet, marking the caesurae. What figures of prosody in the 447-448 ? Rules for the quantity of o in lunoni, o in cardo, is in donis, VERGIL. II. Translate Aen. I. 483-493. Why the change of tense in raptaverat — vendebatf Ac- count for the form Hectora. Comment upon tendentem manus — Eoas acies — lunatis peltis. What kind of an abla- tive is peltis? Se (488) — refers to whom? Principibus Achivis — name some of them. Who was Memnon? and on which side was he at Troy ? 214 LATIN PROSODY, VERGIL, AND OVID. III. Translate Eel. IV. 50-59. Give the myth of Orpheus. How is Orpheus declined? What do bucolic and eclogue mean etymologically ? [Omit any two of the following passages.] IV. Translate Geor. II. 449-457. Nee tiliae leves aut torno rasile buxum non formam aeeipiant ferroque eavantur acuto ; nee non et torreutem undam levis innatat alnus, missa Pado ; nee non et apes examina eondunt eortieibusque eavis vitiosaeque ilieis alveo. quid memorandum aeque Baeeheia dona tulerunt? Bacehus et ad eulpam eausas dedit : ille fnrentis Centauros leto domuit, Rhoetumque Pholumque et magno Hylaeum Lapithis eratere minantem. To what do verses 8 and 9 refer? What subjects are treated in the first two books of the Georgies ? V. Translate Aen. VIII. 184-192. Explain the reference in tanti nmninis. Relate the story of Cacus and of his encounter with Hercules. OVID. VI. Translate Met. VII. 29-36. ' At nisi opem tulero, taurorum adflabitur ore, concurretque suae segetis telkire ereatis hostibus, aut avido dabitur fera praeda draconi. hoe ego si patiar, tum me de tigride natam, turn ferrum et scopulos gestare in corde fatebor. cur non et speeto pereuntem, oculosque videndo conscelero? cur non tauros exhortor in ilium, terrigenasque feros, insopitumque draconem? Give briefly the story of the Argonauts. When, where, and at what age did Ovid die ? LATIN PROSODY, YEEGIL, AND OVID. 215 June, 1883. PROSODY. I. Describe the following verse by giving its full metrical name : Quippe etiam festis quaedam, exercere diebus. Divide it into feet, marking the quantity of each syllable and the place of the caesura. What figure of prosody does this verse illustrate? Show wherein. Mark the quantity of the final syllables mpossis^ audi, bonus, dummodo, bos, illuc. VERGIL. II. Translate Aen. VI. 56-65. Explain the reference in 57. What were the Syrtes? How had Aeneas made this voyage ' ' duce te " ? III. Translate Eel. VI. 64-73. How is Aonas declined? Who is meant by Ascraeo senif The construction of crines. [Omit any two of the following passages.] lY. Translate Aen. VII. 523-530. AVhat had Alecto done to brhig on this conflict between the Trojans and the Latins ? V. Translate Geor. II. 61-68. Scilicet omnibus est labor impendendus, et omnes Cogendae in sulcum ac multa mercede domandae. Sede truncis oleae melius, propagine vites Respondent, solido Paphiae de robore myrtus ; Plantis et durae coryli nascuntur et ingens Fraxinus Herculeaeque arbos umbrosa coronae Chaoniique patris glandes ; etiam ardua palma Nascitur et casus abies visura marinos. At whose request did Vergil write the Georgics? The main subject to Book II. 216 LATIN AT SIGHT. OVID. VI. Translate Met. I. 244-252. Dicta Jovis pars voce probant stimulosque frementi Adiciunt, alii partes assensibus implent. Est tamen humani geaeris jactura dolori Omnibus, et, quae sit terrae mortalibus orbae Forma futura, rogant ; quis sit laturus in aras Tura ? f erisne paret populandas tradere terras ? Talia quaerentes, sibi enim fore cetera curae, Rex superum trepidare vetat, subolemque priori Dissimileni populo promittit origine mira. Explain the meaning of the first two verses. How, ac- cording to this myth, was the earth repeopled? LATIN AT SIGHT. July, 1886. Translate : — Hie ait se ille, indices, regnum meum ferre non posse, quod tandem, Torquate, regnum? consulatus, credo, mei ; in quo ego imperavi nihil et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui ; quo in magistratu non institutum est videlicet a me regnum, sed repressum. an tum in tanto imperio tantaque potestate non dicis me fuisse regem, nunc privatum regnare dicis ? quo tandem nomine ? ' quod in quos testimonia dixisti,' inquit ' damnati sunt ; quem defendis, sperat se absolutum iri.' hie tibi ego de testimoniis meis hoc respondeo : si falsum dixerim, te in eosdem dixisse ; sin verum, non esse hoc regnare, cum verum iuratus dicas, probare. de huius spe tan tum dico, nullas a me opes P. Sullam, nullam potentiam, nihil denique praeter fidem LATIN AT SIGHT. 217 defensionis exspectare. ' nisi tu ' inquit ' caiisam re-cepis- ses, numquam mihi restitisset, sed indicta cansa profugisset.' si iam hoc tibi concedam, Q. Hortensium, tanta gravitate hominem, si, hos talis viros non suo stare iudicio, sed meo ; si hoc tibi dem, quod credi non potest, nisi ego huic ades- sem, hos adfuturos non fuisse, uter tandem rex est, isne, cui innocentes homines non resistant, an is, qui calamitosos non deserit? at hie etiam, id quod tibi necesse minime fuit, facetus esse voluisti, cum Tarquinium et Numam et me tertium peregrinum regem esse dixisti. mitto iam de rege quaerere ; illud quaero, peregrinum cur me esse dixeris : nam si ita sum, non tam est admirandum regem esse me, quoniam, ut tu ais, etiam peregrini reges Romae fuerunt, quam consulem Romae fuisse peregrinum. ' hoc dico,' inquit ' te esse ex municipio.' fateor, et addo etiam ex eo municipio, unde iterum iam salus huic urbi imperioque missa est. sed scire ex te pervelim quam ob rem qui ex municipiis veniant peregrina tibi esse videantur. quo nomine, on what account. cum verum iuratus dicas, probare, when you speak the truth under oath, to prove it. indicta causa, without pleading his cause. June, 1885. Translate : — I. Deorum immortalium indicia solent in scholis proferre de morte, nee vero ea fingere ipsi, sed Herodoto auctore aliisque pluribus. primum Argivae sacerdotis Cleobis et Biton filii praedicantur. nota fabula est : cum enim illam ad soUemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi ius esset, satis longe ab oppido ad fanum, morarenturque iumenta, tum iuvenes ii, quos modo nominavi, veste posita corpora oleo perimxerunt, ad iugum accesserunt. ita sacerdos advecta in fanum, cum currus esset ductus a filiis, precata a dea dicitur, 218 LATIK AT SIGHT. ut illis praemium daret pro pietate quod maximum homini dari posset a deo ; post epulatos cum matre adulescentis somuo se dedisse, mane inventos esse mortuos. adtertur etiam de Sileno fabella quaedam, qui cum a Mida captus esset, hoc ei muneris pro sua missione dedisse scribitur : docuisse regem non nasci homini longe optimum esse, proximum autem quam primum mori. II. Caesar nulla ratione ad pugnam elici posse Pompeium existimans hanc sibi commodissiman belli rationem iudicavit, uti castra ex eo loco moveret semperque esset in itineribus, haec spectans, ut movendis castris pluribusque adeundis locis commodiore re frumentaria uteretur, simulque in itinere ut aliquam occasionem dimicandi nancisceretur et insolitum ad laborem Pompei exercitum cotidianis itineribus defati- garet. his constitutis rebus signo iam profectiouis date tabernaculisque detensis animadversum est paulo ante extra cotidianam consuetudinem longius a vallo esse aciem Pompei progressam, ut non iniquo loco posse dimicari videretur. June, 1884. Num te, quum haec pro salute rei publicae tanta gessisses, fortunae tuae, num amplitudinis, num claritatis, num gloriae poenitebat? Unde igitur subito tanta ista mutatio? Non possum adduci ut suspicer te pecunia captum. Licet quod cuique libet loquatur. Credere non est necesse. Nihil enim umquam in te sordidum, nihil humile cognovi. Illud magis vereor, ne ignorans verum iter gloriae gloriosum putes plus te unum posse quam omnes et metni a civibus tuis. Quod si ita putas, totara ignoras viam gloriae. Carum esse civem, bene de re publica mereri, laudari, coli, diligi gloriosum est: metui vero et in odio esse invidiosum, detestabile, imbecil- lum. Quod videmus etiam in fabula ille ipsi, qui Oderint, dmn metuant, dixerit, perniciosum fuisse. Utinam, M. An- LATIN AT SIGHT. 219 toni, avum tuum meminisses ! cle quo taraen audisti multa ex me eaqiie saepissime. Putasne ilium immortalitatem mereri voluisse, ut propter armorum habendorum licentiam metueretur ! Ilia erat vita, ilia secunda fortuna libertate esse parem ceteris, principem dignitate. Itaque, ut omittam res avi tui prosperas, acerbissimum eius supremum diem malim quam L. Cinnae dominatum, a quo ille crudelissime est interfectus. Sed quid oratione te flectam? Si enim exitus C. Caesaris efficere non potest ut malis carus esse quam metui, nihil cuiusquam proficiet nee valebit oratio. Quem qui beatum fuisse putant, miseri ipsi sunt. Beatus est nemo, qui ea lege vivit, ut non modo impune, sed etiam cum summa inter- fectoris gloria interfici possit. Qua re flecte te, quaeso, et maiores tuos respice atque ita guberna rem publicam, ut natnm esse te cives tui gaudeant : sine quo nee beatus neo clarus nee tutus quisquam esse omnino potest. June, 1883. Translate : — Haec interposui, patres conscripti, non tam ut pro me dicerem, quam ut quosdam nimis ieiuno animo et angusto monerem, id quod semper ipse fecissem, uti excellentium civium virtutem imitatione dignam, non invidia putarent. utinara quidem illi principes viverent, qui me post meum consulatum, cum eis ipse cederera, principem non inviti vide- bant ! hoc vero tempore in tanta iuopia constantium et for- tium consularium quo me dolore adfici creditis, cum alios male sentire, alios nihil omnino curare videam, alios parum constanter in suscepta causa permanere sententiamque suam non semper utilitate rei publicae, sed turn spe tum timore moderari? quod si quis de contentione principatus laborat, quae nulla esse debet, stultissime facit, si vitiis cum virtute contendit ; ut enim cursu cursus, sic in viris fortibus virtus 220 LATIN COMPOSITION". virtute superatnr. tu, si ego de re publica optime sentiam, ut me vincas, ipse pessime senties? aut, si ad me bonorum concursum fieri videbis, ad te improbos invitabis? nollem, primum rei publicae causa, deinde etiam dignitatis tuae. sed si prineipatus ageretur, quem numquam expetivi, quid tandem mihi esset optatius ? ego enim malis sententiis vinci noo possum, bonis forsitan possim et libenter. LATIN COMPOSITION. September, 1886. Translate : — I. When Epaminondas had conquered the Lacedsemoni- ans and saw that he was dying of a wound, he asked whether his shield was safe. When his weeping friends answered that it was safe, he asked if the enemy were routed. After hearing that question also answered as he wished, he ordered the spear, with which he was transfixed, to be drawn out. And so, after shedding much blood, he died in joy and victory. II. (a) If he returns from the countrj^ to-morrow, I hope that all of you will see him at my house Sept. 30tli, at about 9 o'clock P.M. (6) Though she is not yet fifteen years old, it is said that she is a foot taller than her mother, (c) Cato the elder said he had so lived that he thought he had not been born in vain.^ July, 1886. Translate : — The general spoke thus : — " The enemy that you have so long been seeking is now only two miles away : prepare then to conquer or to die. I will send messengers to inform me 1 Translate both directly and indirectly. LATIN COMPOSITION. 221 of their numbers and the position of their camp. After I have done this, I must entrust the rest to you. Kemember that your country depends upon you. If you conquer, you will enjoy peace, freedom, and glory ; if you are defeated, you will be treated as slaves. Ask yourselves whether you prefer a glorious death, or a shameful flight." At these words the soldiers cast aside fear, forgot theu' complaints, and promised one another to conquer or to die. September, 1885. Translate : — After this King Porsena made war against the Latins, and his army was beaten, and fled to Rome ; and the Romans received them kindly, and took care of those who were wounded, and sent them back safe to Porsena. For this the king gave back to the Romans all the rest of their hos- tages whom he had still with him, and also certain lands. And so Tarquinius, seeing that there was no more hope of aid from King Porsena, left Clusium and went to Tusculum ; for Octavius, the chief of the Tusculans, had married his daughter, and he hoped that the Latins would restore him to Rome, for their cities were many, and when he had been king he had favored them rather than the Romans. June, 1885. Translate : — When the ambassadors of the Samnites had brought to Curius a great weight of gold and asked him to be willing to use it, he laughed, and said : " Tell the Samnites that I would rather rule the rich than myself be rich ; carry home that gift, and remember that I can neither be conquered in battle nor corrupted by money." Do you not see how, in Homer, Nestor very often speaks of his own virtues ? It was not necessary for him to fear 222 LATIN COMPOSITION. that, while telling the truth about himself, he might seem proud or to talk too much ; for, as Homer says, from his tongue flowed speech sweeter than honey. The famous leader of the Greeks prayed that he might have ten men, not like Ajax, but like Nestor, and if that should happen he did not doubt that Troy would soon fall. June, 1884. Translate : — When all was ready, Lucius went to the forum with armed men, and seated himself on the throne where the king was wont to judge the people. And when the king was told that Lucius was sitting on his throne, he hastened to the forum, and when he saw Lucius he asked him why he dared sit in the royal seat. Lucius replied that it was his father's throne and that he had more right there than Servius. Then he seized the old man and threw him to the ground, and called the senators together as if he was already king. Soon Servius arose and began to go home, but he was seized and slain by friends of Lucius, who left him covered with blood in the middle of the street. September, 1883. Translate : — Who has not heard the story of King Canute ? One day he was sitting on the sea-shore, surrounded by his courtiers {optimates) , and watching the rising tide (ciestus) . One of the courtiers said that nothing could resist the king's com- mands. At first he seemed not to hear, and only com- manded the waves not to rise beyond a certain mark. Still the water rose higher and higher, and at last touched the king's feet. Then he turned to his courtiers, who were won- dering why he sat so unmoved, and made them see that the waves would not obey him, and asked them to confess that God alone is omnipotent. EOMAN HISTORY. 223 June, 1883. Translate : — Labienus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, desiring to fight against the Gauls before the arrival of the Germans, who he knew would come to aid them, pretended want-of-confi- dence (diffidentia) , and, placing his camp on the other bank, proclaimed (edico) a departure for the next day. The Gauls, believing that he was flying, began to cross the river which was between ; but Labienus, leading his army around, cut them to pieces in the midst of the difficulties of crossing the river. ROMAN HISTORY. July, 1886. 1 . Describe the circumstances under which the tribunate was established. 2. When and where did the principal military events in the war between the Caesarians and Pompeians occur? 3. Sketch briefly the career of Pompeius. 4. What persons composed the Second Triumvirate? In what essential points did the Second Triumvirate differ from the First? 5. When and for what reasons was the right of citizen- ship given to the provinces ? 6. What radical changes in the government were made by Diocletian? June, 1885. 1. Give an account of the second Punic war (with dates). 2. Explain tribunus plebis, censor, dictator, imperator. 224 ROMAN HISTORY. 3. How M^ere the provinces governed under the Republic, and how under the Empire ? 4. What were the causes of the social war, and what the results ? 5. When and where did the following events take place : the defeat of Varus ; the first Eoman naval victory ; the de- cisive victory over Pyrrhus ; the death of Brutus and Cas- sius ; the conquest of the first Roman province ? June, 1883. 1 . What evils did the Gracchi attempt to reform ? What was the difference between the plans of T. Gracchus and C. Gracchus ? Why did they fail ? 2. What were the limits of the Roman Empire at the death of Augustus ? 3. Where were Actium^ 3Ietaurus, Zama, Pharsalia, Cynoscephalae? What happened at those places, and when? 4. Explain Tribunus, Provincia, Censor, Decemvir, Dic- tator. 5. Name in order of time the foreign enemies that Rome fought on Italian soil. June, 1884. 1. How did Rome subdue the rest of Italy? Name the conquests in their chronological order and, where you can, give dates. 2. How and by whom were Consuls elected? For how long a term? Were they re-eligible? What employment was usually given them when their term was ended ? 3. The first Triumvirate: When was it formed? Who were the members of it? What became of each? GREEK GEAMMAR. 225 4. Where were Actiitm, Cannae, CynoscepJialae, Pliar- solas, the AlUa? When were battles fought at these places? Who were the victors, and who the vanquished in each case? 5. When did Constantine the Great live? What impor- tant changes did he make in the Empire ? GREEK GRAMMAR. July, 1886. [All Greek words to be written with accents.] 1. Decline throughout Ilepa-'*/?, aAs, rts, and, in the singu- lar, the comparative of ra^us. 2. Give the principal parts of (SaXXo), fxevoi, rpitfxx), ei;yw. 3. Inflect the first aorist middle indicative of Troiew. 4. Analyze the forms (jiavwaL, a^olev, yeyaixrjKivai, stating where each is found. 5. What two meanings may 6 avOpoiiros have, and what is the article called in each case ? 6. What two meanings may 6 <^6^o^ rwv TroXe/AiW have, and what is the genitive called in each case ? 7. What two meanings may oT8a aKovwv have, and what is the participle called in each case? June, 1885. [All Greek words to be written with accents.] 1. Give the construction (telling where each word is made and why) of every underscored word in the following : — *AXX' axj^eXe fiev KOjoo? ^7]v * irrel Be TereXevrrjKeVf aTrayyeWere ^Kptaifp on r)[jL€l^ vnconiev re /SaoriXea koI 226 GREEK GRAMMAR. ft)9 opdre ovSet^; en r/fjilv /Jbd'^^erai, kol el fir] v/x€l<; yjXdere, iiropevo/jueda av eirl jSaatXea. e7rayyeW6/uLe6a Se ^Apiaiw iav evOdhe eXOrj, el^ rov Opovov tov ^acrlXetov Kadielv auTov ' TOdv yap P'ci)(7] vt/cd)VT(JOV /cat to dp^eiv iari. 2. Inflect in the singular av and oiuSets, in the plural os. 3. Give the principal parts of Tret'^w, tlOtjixl, XetVo), ^atVo), 4. Give a synopsis (first form in each mode) of the future active and second aorist passive of a-TeXXo). 5. What aire the principal uses of the optative mode? 6. Give examples of crasis, apocope, elision. June, 1884. [All Greek words to be written with accents.] 1. Define and give examples of metathesis, synizesis, hiatus. 2. What consonants may end a Greek word? What becomes of the other consonants which at the end of a stem would naturally end a word ? 3. When is a syllable long by position? 4. Inflect throughout TroXtTT;?, /Sao-iAeus, r/Sv^, XeXvKws. 5. Give the rules for the comparison of adjectives? 6. Inflect the simple relative pronoun in the singular. 7. Inflect TLixdo) in the present and imperfect indicative active, giving the contract forms. 8. Give the principal parts of Xvo), tlixolo), ^atVco, Xafi/^dvo), heLKw/JLL, AetVco. 9. State the principles of augment. 10. What construction corresponds to the Latin ablative absolute, with what differences? 11. State the principles of indirect discourse. GEEEK COMPOSITION. 227 June, 1883. [All Greek words to be written with accents.] 1. Decline throughout opyi/, x^^Pi ''■eixos? 8wa/xis ; also otrrts. 2. Analyze XvOwfxev. 3. What uses of the geyiitim are illustrated in the follow- ing examples : iroXXol tCjv 'A^r^vaiwi/, — vo/xto-/xa dpyvpov, — 6 0^0^ TOiV TToXe/AtW, TpiCiV '^fxepuiv 686epvr]v. What is the force of the tenses of (e) iTTtOoivTO, SLa/3aLV0V(nv, TroLrjaaL. [The following passage may be substituted for any one of the preceding.] IV. Translate Xen. Hell. II. 3. 48. " iyco B\ ft) J^pcTLa, iK€iVoi<; [lev aei irore TroXe/jua) TOt<^ ov irpoaOev olofievotf; Kokrjv av Brj/noKpariav elvai, irplv KoX 01 hovXoi, Kol ol hi aiTopiav Spa^fMrji^ av airo^ofJuevoL rr)v itoXlv, Spa^firj<; fiere^otev • kol rolahe y av del 5 6vavTioL ovre To^ev/adrcov. ravra fiev vvv ol fidp^apoi Karelfca^ov • ^AOrjvaloc Be eVet re dOpoot TrpocrefjbL^av rolat ^apffdpoLcrc, ifid'^ovro d^L(o<; \6yov, 10 irpoiTOL fiev yap ^Wrjvcov Trdvrcov tmv rj/juel'^ iS/jiev Bpofio) e? 7roXe/jbL0V<; e')(^prjaavT0^ irpMTOL Be dvea^ovTo e(jQr\Td re MijBLfcrjv 6peovTeaL dTncov ei? fia/cdpcov B)] TLva dXX(d<; Xeyeiv, irapafivOov- Xez/09 afia fiev vfjid'^, d/ia S' ifiavTov." What is the apodosis to idv irep XdfBrjTe (2) ? Construc- tion of vcKpov (5), viuv (7), avT<2 (8), i/xavTov (9). Explain the mode of OdTrrr) (6). What is known of Crito? VII. Translate Herod. VII. 219. Total Be ev %epfioirvXricri eovcn ^^XXtjvcov irpMTOV fjuev o fidvTC^; M.eyL(TTL7]<; eaiBa^v e? Ta ipd, e(f)pacre tov fieX- XovTa eaecrOac dfia rjol crc^t OdvaTov, eirl Be fcal avTO- 234 ANABASIS. fjioki rjaav ol i^ayyelXavTe^; rcov Hepaeayv t7]V irepiohov, 5 ovroi jj-ev en vvKTOfj €cr7]fjbr]vav, rpiroi Se ol rj/jbepocr/co'TTOL KarahpafJbovre'^ airo tmv aKpav, ijSr} 8La(f)aLvov(rr]<; 77/X6- pr)(;. ivdavra i/SovXevovro ol '^^EXX^^z^e?, kol (T(f)6cov icT'X^L^ovTO al yvwyuai • ol fjuev yap ov/c ecov Tr]v rd^tv itcKiirelv, ol he avrereivov. fiera Be tovto hiafcpi6evTe<^y 10 ol fiev aTraXkdcraovTO koI hiaaKehacrOevTe'^ Kara iroXi'^ etcaarot irpdirovro, ol Be avrcov dfia AecoviSr] fieveLV avTOV TrapecTKeudBaro. Give the Attic forms for eoOo-t (1), IvOavra (5), ttoXis, erpa- TTovro (7), Trajoeo-KemSaro (8). Construction of liTL (2), vvKTO'i (3) . What was the ireptoSos of 3 ? June, 1883. [Any two of the passages may be omitted.] I. Translate Xen. An. I. 7. 3. Construction of dv^pwTrwv, o-u/x/xaxov?, (ov. To what does Towo refer? Meaning of the preposition in TrpocreAa^ov. Explain the difference between the two uses of ottcus in the passage. II. Translate Xen. An. II. 5. 32 f. Construction of ttoAXo), avrCjv. Peculiarity of form in yfxcfizyvoovv. Use of the mode in ivTvyxdvoiev. What would eTTOLovv be in indirect discourse? What is referred to in TTOMTa TO. yeyevT^/xeva ? III. Translate Xen. An. III. 2. 2 f . Construction of avSpas, rov? ixOpov<;. What part of speech is TT/oos here? Point out the attributive and circumstantial participles. With what does av belong? IV. Translate Xen. An. IV. 7. 15 f. Construction of ivrjXrjv, 7nijx^o)v. With what does av be- ANABASIS. 235 loDg? In what respects did the Greek spear differ from this one? How long, in time and distance, was the return march from Kunaxa to the sea? V. Translate Xen. Hell. II. 3. a 8' av eliTev, 009 iyui el/JLL olo<; aei irore fieTal3dWecr6aLy Karavorjaare kol ravra rrjv fiev yap tmv rerpaKocriMV iroXireiav kol avro^ hrjirov o Si}//-o? i'\lri](f)i(TaTO, ^LSaaKO- fi€VO) oSoV 151. (q) What is the force of avr-^v 143? State what 3'ou know of (r) 'iSofxevevg and (s) Alas. (t) Who is iKaepyov 147? What similar epithets are applied to him ? II. Translate II. B 295-309. (a) Give a metrical scheme (maiking the long and short syllables and the csesural pauses) for vs. 299-301. Give the construction of (b) yjplv 295, (c) to? 296. Explain the forms (d) /jLLixvovreaa-L 296, (e) aaxaXdav 297. (/) Where was Aulis? (g) How did the Homeric hpaKuiv differ from a snake .^ {li) What vowels are not elided in Homer? June, 1885. I. Translate II. A 415-427. Give the correspondmg Attic forms for o<^eXes, vrjva-tv, at K€, AWioirrjasr ttotl, 8(3. Construction of Srjv 416, t rov /juev irpoaLovra TrpovTrtfjUTrero iv rd^et, iirl Be rov vcrrepc- ^ovra eirejJbiTe koXmv. iirel Be 7rdvTe<; iv oB(p rjaav, Trpo? fiev Upvcrdvrav tTTTrta? hirefji'^ev ipovvra<^ on iv oBS yBrj TrdvTe^ ' dye ovv rjBri Odrrov. avTo<^ Be TrapeXavvtov rov LTTTTOV ei? TO irpoaOev rjav^o'^ KareOedro to.? rd^eif;. Kal ou? fiev IBot 6vrdKrco<; Kal aiwirfi lovTa<^, TrpocreXavvcov avTOL6uyov ol Avhol aiTO Tcov rei'x^oiv oiroi iSvvaro €KaaT0<; t^? iroXeco^. KOpo? Se dfia T7J rjfiepa elarjei eU Tr]v ttoXlv* 1 scaling-ladders. ^ most precipitous. June, 1884. Translate : — Ol fiev Br) ev^dfjbevoi toI<; Oeoi^ dir^crav irpo^ Ta<; rd^€L<; • To5 Se i^vpo) Kal Toh d/uLcj)^ avrov irpocrrjveyKav ol Oepd- 7rovT€<; i/jL7ri6LV Kal cfyayetv en ovatv afi^l ra lepa, 6 he JLvpo^ odairep el^ev ecrrr)KOd<=; rjplcrra Kal /xereSbSov del roS fidXicrra heofxtvw • Kal cnreicra^ Kal ev^d[Mevo7r\c? eoiKe, hrfkov otl 'Tre^fj 7roL7]T60v ' ov yap ecrrt irXola • avdyicr] he. iropeveaOao rjhr) • ov yap ecTTL fjuevovai to, eTrtrrjBeLa. 97/^6^9 ovv, € + 1±^. c + b d'+b" ^ c-b &-V 2 4 11 11 2. Divide x^y ^ _ 2 -}- x~'^y^ by x'^y~^ — x~^y'^. 3. Multiply V^a + c -^6 by V^^-c-^5. 4. In — zz= make the denominator rational, and com- V3-1 pute the value of the expression to thi-ee places of decimals. 5. Given a-\- x= v a^ -{- x-y/W -\- x^ to find x. 6. Solve the equations^ "i~2/ — 5 C x^ + y^ = 74. 7. If A : B = C : D, prove by the principles of proportion that A^ - B2 : B^ = C^ - D2 : D^. 8. Find the sum of the infinite series i + 2V + xir + ^^c. -J 9. Expand to four terms by the binomial theorem — Vi + i«2 250 ALGEBRA. September, 1885. 1. Reduce to a simple fraction. a_ 1 , 1 b b a 2. Find the greatest common divisor ofa;^— 6a^ — 80? — 3 and Ax^ —l'2x— 8. 3. Given VlS -\- x-\- Vlo — x= Q to find x. 4. Given x'*' — 21 x^ = 100 to find four values for x. 6. Find the value of a^-{-a^b^-\-b^ when a = 8 and 6=64. 6. Given \ ^^ ^ ~ ^\ \ to find x and y. (. ar — 2/ = 6" 3 7. Given {q(? — ax) : -^/x : : ^x : x to find values of x. 8. Expand into a series. (2 a -3)^ 9. Compute the value of the continued fraction 1 12 -h — ^ 1+-^ 3 June, 188S. 1. Given ^^ (^3 _J = ^_-(^^ + 3 to find cc. 2. Multiply -^7-^, ,., . -^ 7^-P-o ^nd -. a^-r]f b^ — by ¥-\-y^ c 3. Multiply a;~i(l-V^) by a;-i(14-V^^). ALGEBRA. 251 4. Divide x^y~^ —2 + x~'^y'^ by x^y~^^ — x~^y^ , 5. Given 91 a;^ — 2 a? = 45 to find both values of x. 6. Given 1 =4, 1 to find X and ?/. 7. Expand by the Binomial Theorem to five terms (1 +0)^^. 8. In Arithmetical Progression, given d = the common difference, a = the first term, and s = the sum of series ; derive the formula for I = the last term. q Tf Vo — 6a7+Vc — mo^ Va — bx—-\/c — mx ^' ^^ / = = — prove -Va — bx-\-A/nx — d -Va — bx—Vnx — d by using the principles of proportion that ^~^^ =1. 7ix-^ d June, 1884. 1. Reduce the following fractions to their lowest terms : g'c -f- abc + b^c . 5^ + 4?/ a'^-j-a'b'-i-^ ' 6^ + 64/ 2. Reduce '^^-t- -a)2n(_^yn+l (6) 5^ + 3.52. [71 entire]. (7) (2^.2^)^ ALGEBRA FROM QUADRATICS. July, 1887. [Note. — State at the head of your paper what text-book you have studied on the subject and to what extent.] 1. Given 12 a?^ + ic — 1 = 0, to find the values of x. 2. Find the roots of {x -j-l)(x—2) {x^ — Qx -{- d) =0. 3. Given {ax — &)^ + 4ta{ax — b)= Ja^, to find the values of X. 4. Find two numbers such that their product, sum and the difference of their squares shall be equal to each other. 5. How many different signals may be made with 12 dif- ferent flags, by hoisting 4 at a time above each other? 1 -X- 2x . 6. Develop -—^ — into a series of ascending powers of x O —\~ t: X by the method of undetermined coefficients. ALGEBRA. September, 1887. [Note. — State at the head of your paper what text-book you have studied on the subject and to what extent.] 1. Simply fg - lY-^") + g - iV , ^ +-^-'^ „ - 1 Y 270 TEIGONOMETKY. 2. Given = and 7 = ^7;;^ to x^l y-1 6 x-^l y — l 30 find X and y. 3. Prove that ( — ^ ) > ah. 2 + ^ 4. Simplify the following expressions : (1) a253 • C^) — i W -^ ^. \ / ^ 05"^ - 2 (4) ^2^ X V46. . (5) -v/125. (6)(V^+V2/)(V^-V2/)- ah 5. Solve the equation a{x^ — x) -{- h {x? -\- x) = a-\-h 6. Find all the roots of a? — x^ — x -\- 1 = 0. 7. Solve "^^^^ VeT — a + Vofcc — 1 -\/x — 1 8. Derive a formula for the sum of the terms of a geomet- rical progression. 9. How many different amounts can be made up from five different coins. 10. Develop into a series of ascending pow- 1 — 2x-\-x^ ers of ic, by the method of undetermined coefficients. TRIGONOMETRY. July, 1887. [Note. — State at the head of your paper what text-book you have studied on the subject and to what extent.] 1. Define the term radian. Express an angle of 60° in radians. What is the measure of an angle of f tt radians in degrees ? TEIGONOMETEY. 271 2. Make a table of the values of the trigonometric func- tions for the angles -, tt, f tt, 27r. ill 3. Show that sin (f tt ± c^) = — cos ^^ and that cot (2 tt — a) = — cot a. nr^ -. ,T <. 1 • tan a 4. Deduce the formulas sm a = sec a = Vl + tan^ a 1 Vl — sin^ a Explain the proper sign of the denominator in each case when a is a positive angle of the third quadrant. 5. Deduce a formula to express tan a in terms of tan^a. 6. Find with the help of the tables all angles between 0° and 540° whose cotangent is — V2.34. 7. Compute A by the formula tan i J. = ^ r ^ ^ ^' . — , where s=i(a+64-c), when a=1554, & = 1555.2, c=1556.4. What is the use of this formula in Trigonometry ? September, 1887. [Note. — State what text-book you have studied on the subject and to what extent.] 1. Describe the changes which take place in the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle, as the angle varies from to 2 TT. 2. Show that cot (tt + a) = cot a ; also that cosec (tt + a) = — cosec a. 3. Express the sine of an angle in terms of the cosine ; the tangent in terras of the sine and cosine. Express, also, three of the six trigonometrical functions as reciprocals of three others. 272 ENGLISH GRAMMAE. 4. Name all positive aDgies between and 4 tt whose tangent is —1. How many other angles have this tangent? 5. Derive an expression for coseca in terms of tana. 6. Deduce the formula cos X — cos 2/ = — 2 sin |- (a? + 2/) sin \{x — y). 7. Compute A and B by the formula, tani(^ - JB) = ^^^ tan|-M + B) , having given ^ + 5=120°, a = 3467.5, 6 = 3456.7. Of what use is this formula in Trigonometry ? ENGLISH GRAMMAR. June, 1887. [State what text-book you have studied.] 1. Pars3 the words in the following sentence : — This person was the man whose conduct brought shame to all his countrymen. 2. Inflect the present and preterite tenses of the verb to he. 3. State the distinction between the old (or strong) and the weak (or new) conjugation of the English verb, and illustrate by three examples of each. CAESAR. June, 1887 I. Translate as literally as possible : — - 1. Caesari quum id nuutiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe projiscisciy et, CAESAR. 273 quam maximis potest itineribus, in Galliam nlteriorem con- tendit et ad Genevam pervenit. Provinciae toti quam maxi- mum potest militum numerum imperat (erat omnino in Gallia ulteriore legio una) ; pontem, qui erat ad Genevam, jubet rescindi. 2. Horum adventu tanta rerum commutatio est facta, ut nostri, etiam qui vulnerihus confecti procubuissent, scutis innixi proelium redintegrarent ; tum calones, perterritos hostes conspicati, etiam inermes armatis occurrerent ; equltes vero, ut turpitudinem fugae virtute delerent, omnibus in locis pugnae se legionariis militibus praeferrent. 3. Pugnatum est diu atque acriter, quum Sontiates supe- rior] bus victoriis freti in sua virtute totius Aquitaniae salutem positam putarent, nostri autem, quid sine imperatore et sine reliquis legionibus, adolescentulo duce, efficere possent, per- spici cuperent : tandem confecti vulneribus hostes terga vertere. 4. Ita mobilitatem equitum, stabilitatem peditum in proeliis praestant, ac tantum usu quotidiano et exercitatione efficmnt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustijiere, et brevi moderari ac Jlectere, et per temonem perciirrere, et in jugo insistere et se inde in currus citissime recipere consuerint. 5. Tandem dat Cotta permotus manus ; superat sententia Sabini. Pronuntiatur prima luce ituros ; consumitur vigiiiis reliqua pars noctis, quum sua quisque miles circumspiceret, quid secum portare posset, quid ex instrumento hibernorum relinquere cogeretur. Omnia excogitantur, quare nee sine periculo maneatur- et languore militum et vigiiiis periculum augeatur, 6. Quum superaverunt, animalia capta immolant ; reliquas res in unum locum conferunt. Multis in civitatibus harum rerum exstructos tumulos locis consecratis conspicari licet ; 274 CAESAR. neqiie saepe accidit, ut, neglecta quispiam religione, aut capta apud se occultare aut posita tollere auderet; gravissimumque ei rei supplicium cum cruciatu constitutum est. II. Grammati«al questions, supplementary to the paper on Latin Grammar : — 1 . State the construction of all italicized words in passages 1, 2, and 3. 2. Give the principal parts of all italicized words in passages 4, 5, and 6. 3. Quote in full from the above text an example of indirect statement and rewrite it so as to make it direct. September, 1887. I. Translate as literally as possible : — 1. Hie pagus unus, quum domo exisset patrum nostrorum memoria, Lucium Cassium consulem interfecerat et ejus exer- citum sub jugum miserat. Ita, sive casu, sive consilio deorum immortalium, quae pars civitatis Helvetiae insignem calami- tatem populo Romano intulerat, ea princeps poenas persolvit. 2. De numero eorum omnia se habere explorata Remi dicebant, propterea quod propinquitatihus affinitatibusque conjnncti, quantam quisque multitudinem in communi Bel- garum concilio ad id bellum poUicitus sit, cognoverint. Pla- rimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute et auctoritate et hominum numero valere ; hos posse conficere armata milia centum. 3. Ad quarum initium silvarum quum Caesar pervenisset castraque munire instituisset, neque hostis interim visus esset, dispersis in opere nostris, subito ex omnibus partibus silvae evolaverunt et in yiostws impetum fecerunt. Nostri celeriter arma ceperunt eosque in silvas repuleruut, et compluribus interfectis, longius impeditioribus locis secuti paucos ex suis deperdiderunt. LATIN. 275 4. "Dm^i^e," inquit, " commilitones, nisi vultis aquilam hostibus prodere : ego certe meum rei publicae atque impera- tori oflicium praestitero." Hoc quum magna voce dixisset, se ex navi projecit atque in hostes aquilam ferre coepit. Turn nostri cohortati inter se, ne tantum dedecus admitteretur, universi ex navi desiluerunt. 5. Itaque ex legionibus fabros deligit et ex continenti alios arcessi jubet ; Labieno scribit, ut quam plurimas posset, iis legionibus quae sunt apud eum, naves instituat. Ipse, etsi i^es erat multae operae ac laboris, taraen commodissimnm esse statuit omnes naves subduci et cum castris una munitions conjungi. 6. XXIX. Caesar, postquam per Ubios exploratores com- perit Suevos sese in silvas recepisse, inopiam frumenti veritus, constituit nonprogredi longius ; sed ne omnino metum reditus sui barbaris toUeret atque ut eorum auxilia tardaret, reducto exercitu, partem ultimam pontis rescindit. II. Grammatical questions, supplementary to the paper on Latin Grammar : — 1 . State the construction of all italicized words in passages 1, 2, and 3. 2. Give the principal parts of all italicized words in pas- sages 4, 5, and 6. 3. Quote in full from the above text an example of indirect statement and rewrite it so as to make it direct. LATIN. [Exercises and Grammar.] June, 1887. I. Translate into Latin : — 1. The Belgae^ inhabit^ one^ part* of Gaul. 276 LATIN. 2. One part of Gaul is inhabited by the Belgae. 3. Those, who inhabit the third^ part of Gaul, were called® Celts/ 4. Caesar says (that) the Celts inhabit the third part of Gaul. 5. Rewrite sentence 4, and substitute direct for indirect statement. 6. Caesar said (that) the Gauls inhabited the third part of Gaul. 7. Eewrite sentence 6, and substitute direct for indirect statement. 8. Caesar says (that) the Helvetians^ surpass^ the-rest- of-the^° -Gauls^^ in bravery.^ 9. Caesar said (that) the Helvetians surpassed the other Gauls in bravery. 10. Rewrite sentence 9, and substitute direct for indirect statement. 11. Latin Grammar. 1. Decline urhs, iter, ulterior, castra, 2. Decline id, ego, aliquis. 3. Compare ulterior, parvus, dives. 4. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of monere and audire. 5. Enumerate all the uses you know of the genitive case. ^ Belgae (/>?.). ^ tertius. ® Praecedere — [governs accu- 2 incolere. ^ appellare. i'^ reliqui (p/.). sative~\. 3 unus. 7 Celtae (/?/.). ^^ Gallus. 4 pars. s Helvetius. i^ virtus. LATIN. 277 September, 1887. I. Translate into Latin : — 1. The ancient^ Germans^ used-to-value^ highly* the advice^ of women ^. 2. The advice of women used-to-be-valued highly by the ancient Germans. 3. The Germans do not value advice highly. 4. Advice is not valued highly by the Germans. 5. Tacitus'^ says^ the Germans value advice highly. 6. Rewrite sentence 5 and substitute direct for indirect statement. 7. Tacitus says the ancient Germans valued highly the advice of women. 8. Tacitus said the ancient Germans valued highl}' the advice of women. 9. The Germans never ^ despised ^° the answers of women. 10. It is declared (that) the Germans never despised the answers of women. 11. Latin Grammar. 1. Decline domus, consul, exercitus, 2. Decline hie, qui, ea. 3. Com])SiYe juvenis, pessimus, major. 4. Write the S3'nopsis, active and passive, of docere (docui, doctum\ and capere (cepi, captum). 6. Enumerate all the uses you know of the dative case. 1 vetus. ^ femina. 2 Germani. ' Tacitus. ^ aestimare. ^ dicere. 4 magni. ^ nunquam. ^ consihum. ^^ spernere (sprevi, spretum) . 278 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. July, 1887. 1. Give the dates of the following events : Raleigh's first colony, the persecutions for witchcraft at Salem, Braddock's defeat, the Stamp Act, the presidential terms of Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Polk, and Johnson. 2. Give an account of the London and Plymouth com- panies. 3. What treaty ended the Revolutionary War, and what were its terms? 4. Give an account of the Hartford Convention. 5. What were the principles of Free Soil party, and who were its presidential candidates in 1848? 6. Describe the plan of reconstruction as carried out by Congress after the Civil War. [N. B. — The dates are to be given with every question.] September, 1887. 1. Give an account of the settlement and government of North and South Carolina. 2. Describe the first Continental Congress, and the acts of Great Britain that brought it about. 3. Give the leading events of Washington's administration. 4. What was the doctrine of State Sovereignty, and on what occasions has it been asserted in our history ? 5. Who were the i^residential candidates in 1860, and what parties did they represent? 6. Give the dates of the beginning and end of the three principal wars of the United States during the past 100 years. [N. B. — The dates are to be given with every question.] GEOGRAPHY. 279 GEOGRAPHY. July, 1887. 1. Bound the State of Missouri, give the position of its greatest city, and name two rivers in the State or on its borders. 2. Where does the river Rhine rise, what direction does it run, where does it empty, and what countries does it run through or touch, in their order, from its head to its mouth? 3. Describe the Gulf of Mexico, what countries touch it, what are the chief rivers which empty into it, what are its ciiief seaports. 4. Where are the following cities : Atlanta, Geneva, Havre, Hamburgh, Helena, Honolulu? 5. Bound Brazil, what is its form of government, describe two rivers in it, and give the names and positions of two cities in it. 6. What is the torrid zone, and how many English miles wide is it? 7. What are the East Indian Islands? Give the names of such of them as you can, with the position and description of each. September, 1887. 1. Bound the State of Pennsylvania, what mountains cross the State, what is the largest city in the State west of the mountains and how is it situated, and what is the largest city in the State east of the mountains, and how is it situated? 2. Where does the river Danube rise, what direction does it run, where does it empty, and what countries does it run throuoh or touch, in their order, from its head to its mouth? 280 GEOGRAPHY. 3. Describe the Bay of Bengal, what countries touch it, what are the chief rivers which empty into it, and what are its chief seaports ? 4. Where are the following cities : Auckland, Madrid, Mobile, Moscow, Chattanooga, Naples? 5. Bound Spain, what is its form of government, name some river in it, and give the name and situation of some city in it. 6. What is the North Frigid (or North Polar) zone, and how many English miles wide is it? 7. Where are the West Indian Islands, give the names of such of them as you can, with the position and description of each. COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY, PRINCETON. -ooJaSo- AOADEMIQ DEPARTMENT, June, 1887. ENGLISH. I. ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 1. Define the following terras — grammar, clause, ad- junct, antecedent, participle, syntax, etymology. 2. State why i\iQ place of the word in the sentence is so important in English. Compare English and Latin in this respect. 3. State some of the more important rules of Spelling and Punctuation. 4. Give examples of verbal and abstract nouns ;' of rela- tive, possessive, and adjective pronouns ; of participial, pro- nominal, and numeral adjectives, and compare the adjectives — evil, far, hind, fore. 5. Write the plurals for the following nouns, and give reasons for the respective forms — sky, valley, motto, wharf, penny, summons, father-in-law, man-servant, attornej^-gen- eral, index, thesis, seraph. 6. Mention the different classes of English Verbs and give the chief parts of — befall, blow, clothe, cost, prove, shear, slit, wed. Give a synopsis of the verb— -Be. 282 ENGLISH. 7. state the uses of the different moods and tenses and indicate the parts of speech of the respective words and phrases in italics. Such as I have. Whoever he himself was. One and another. The English flag. There were four present. Provided he will do it. He is that he claims to be. I must needs do it. 8. Explain the grammatical correctness of the expressions in italics. The Notary Public's house. It was they who went. Of two evils, choose the lesser. Each one has his faults. The bridge is building.. 9. Give the grammatical analj'^sis of the following quota- tion. " Up from the meadows rich with corn, Clear in the cool September morn ; The clustered spires of Frederick stand, Green-walled by the hills of Maryland." Whittier. II. UNITED STATES HISTORY. 1 . Give a brief account of the explorations and discoveries from 1492-1607. 2. State some facts as to the following events in the Colonial Period : — ENGLISHo 283 Settlement of Virginia. Voyage and Settlement of the Pilgrims. Founding of Harvard College. 3. Mention the thirteen original colonies and the origin of their respective names. 4. In the Eevolutionary Period, explain the following acts and events : — The Navigation Act. Invasion of Canada. Taking of Ticonderoga. Adoption of the Constitution. Battle of Saratoga. 5. Compare Jefferson's first and second administrations. 6. Mention those Presidents whose respective terms of office have been over four years. 7. Give date and place of some of the more important battles of the Civil War. 8. Mention the respective dates of the following : — Repeal of the Stamp Act. Execution of Andrfe. Ratification of Articles of Confederation. Ratification of the Constitution. Death of Washington. War with Mexico. Emancipation Proclamation. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson. 9. Give a brief account of the geographical growth of the country and of its industrial and educational progress. III. A short essay may be written on any one of the following themes : — 284 GEEEK. Sir Walter Scott as an Author. Personal character of Scott. Sketch of Life of Benjamin Franklin. Franklin's Scientific Work. [N. B. — Applicants will state what authors they have studied in United States History and English Grammar.] GREEK. [N.B. — State at the head of your paper what Greek you have studied, how long, and at what school; and if the examination is a partial one, the subjects you offer. Write Greek with the accents.] GRAMMAR. [For all candidates, except such as have previously passed Grammar in full.] 1. State the gender and infiect the singular of vrjaos, Te2xo Xmrov o')(r}, eyco he ^aXeTro)? Kafivco rrjv dainha (pepcov. Kal o? d/covcra^ ravra, Kara- iri^hrjaa^ d'lro rod Lirirov, oodeirac avrov e'/c t?}? rd^eco<;, fcal 286 GREEK. ryv acTTrlSa a(f)e\6/Lievo£\6ix€vo<; : from what, and force of the participle ? -^vdy- Krja-av, KaraAtTTwv ; from what, and where made? c. TJopevofievoi Be d(f)L/covTO eh K(Ofjia<; odev aTreBec^av ol 'Tjyefiove^ XapujBdveiv rd iTTiTrjBeia. ivfjv Be (7CT0epev • ra? Be TLvaaXaXye<; Be. a-rreKavTo : from what, and where made ? Derive Ke]Tpa<^, ^ Ay dfiep^vov, fo)9 (jyprJTpr) (jipt^TpycfyLV dpTJyy, (f)vXa Be (f)vXoL^. el Be Kev w? ep^y^i Kai tol TreiOcovTat 'A'x^aioi, GEEEK. 287 ryVODCTT) 677610% 0? 0^ ''^y6fl6vCL>V KaKO'^y 0? T6 VV \aOiVy 7]^ 09 K 6(jQ\o^ ^V^^ ' ^^T^ crcf)6a<; yap iia'^eovrat • tyvoicreaL h\ r) /cal Oeairecnrj irokiv ovk, a\aird^6i'^, rj dvSpcov Ka/coTTjro koI cK^pahiy irdXefioto. [Odysseus arrives at Chryse.] Avrap ^OSv(Tcr6v^ €9 l^pvcryv 'iKav6V, aycov Uprjv eKaro/jL^rjv. 01 8' ore Sr) \tjub6Vo<; 7rokv^ev660<^ 6Vto<^ Ikovto, larla fiev crreLXavro, Oecrav S' eV V7]i' /jbeXalvrj • larov S' IcTToSo/crj irekacrav, irpoTovoLcnv v(j)6VT6^, KapTrdXi/jbcoq • rrjv S^ eh opjjiov Trpoipvcrcrav iperfjuoh, 6K o 6vva<; 6paXov, Kara 06 irpv/Jivrjcn eorjcrav • eK Se Kal avrol ^alvov iirl pijyfjLlvL 6aXd, and the aorist optative pas- sive of rdrroi. 4. What case or cases follow iretOoi, 7ret'^o/xai, apx^^j Ti"!)^- TrXrjfXL, iXiy^o) {C07ivict) ? ai/ev, Sta, Trept, avv, ofiov? 5. State how the verbal in -tcoa<; Trpo? K(Ofi7]V d(f)L/cveLTai, KOL vBpo(f>opovaa'i e/c T779 fC(OfM7j<; irpo^ rr Kp^jvj) yvvaL/ca