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INSCRIBED 
 
 TO THE 
 
 MEMORY OF OUR FOREFATHERS 
 
 The memory of our fathers should be the watchword of 
 liberty throughout the land ; for, imperfect as they were, the 
 world before had not seen their like, nor will it soon, we fear, 
 behold their like again. Such models of moral excellence, such 
 apostles of civil and religious liberty, such shades of the illustrious 
 dead looking down upon their descendants with approbation or 
 reproof, according as they follow or depart from the good way, 
 constitute a censorship inferior only to the eye of God; and to 
 ridicule them is national suicide. — Beecher. 
 
THE SPIRIT OF THE AMERICAN 
 REVOLUTION 
 
 The only principles of public conduct that are worthy of a 
 gentleman and a man are to sacrifice estate, ease, health and 
 applause, and even life, to the sacred calls of his country. 
 
 These manly sentiments, in private life, make the good 
 citizen ; in public life, the patriot and the hero. I do not say, when 
 brought to the test, I shall be invincible. I pray God I may 
 never be brought to the melancholy trial ; but if ever I should, 
 it will then be known how I can reduce to practice principles 
 which I know to be founded in truth. 
 
 — James Otis, February, 176i. 
 
 It was of this address that John Adams said: 
 
 "THEN AND THERE, THE CHILD, INDEPEN- 
 DENCE, WAS BORN." 
 
 I should advise persisting in our struggle for liberty, though 
 it was revealed from Heaven that nine hundred and ninety-nine 
 were to perish, and only one of a thousand to survive and enjoy 
 his liberty. One such freeman must possess more virtue and 
 enjoy more happiness than a thousand slaves; let him propagate 
 his like, and transmit to them what he hath so nobly preserved. 
 — Samuel Adams, "Father of the American Revolution," from 
 a speech in the Congress held in Philadelphia in 1774. 
 
THE DECLARATION OF AMERICAN 
 INDEPENDENCE 
 
 When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessan 
 
 : for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected 
 
 them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth 
 
 i the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of 
 
 j nature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the opinions of 
 
 mankind requires that they should declare the causes which 
 
 impel them to the separation. 
 
 We hold these truths to be self-evident : That all men are 
 
 | created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certair 
 
 inalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty and the 
 
 pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights governments 
 
 are instituted among men, deriving their just rights from the 
 
 consent of the governed ; that, whenever any form of government 
 
 ■ becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people 
 
 i to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying 
 
 its foundations on such principles, and organizing its powers in 
 
 I such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safet} 
 
 and happiness. 
 
 In the blood of those patriots at Lexington the Declaration of 
 Independence was really written. — Moncure D. Conway. 
 
 William Cobbett said: "Whoever may have written the Declara 
 tion, Thomas Paine was its author." See Paine's pamphlet "Common 
 Sense," published January 1, 1776 (six months prior to the presentation 
 of Thomas Jefferson's manuscript in Independence Hall), in which for 
 the first time was advocated an American Republic of free and inde 
 pendent States. 
 
MEMORIAL 
 
 of 
 
 CAPTAIN THOMAS ABBEY 
 
 His Ancestors and Descendants of 
 
 THE ABBEY FAMILY 
 
 PATHFINDERS, SOLDIERS AND PIONEER SETTLERS 
 
 OF CONNECTICUT, ITS WESTERN RESERVE 
 
 IN OHIO AND THE GREAT WEST. 
 
 Inscription and Seal at the Base of the Pedestal of the Statue. 
 
ERECTED BY HIS GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER 
 
 FRANCES MARIA ABBEY 
 
 WIFE OF 
 
 JOEL FRANCIS FREEMAN 
 
 1836-1910 
 
 V 
 
 *•--. 
 
 Her sons : 
 ALDEN FREEMAN. 
 
 Member of the Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Connecticut. 
 
 FRANCIS AUSTIN FREEMAN, 
 
 1869-1889. 
 
 Her daughters : 
 
 EDITH FREEMAN DALLETT, 
 
 1871-1914. 
 
 GERTRUDE ABBEY FREEMAN, 
 
 and the granddaughter, 
 
 FRANCES DALLETT KISSEL. 
 
 Names of the donors on 3 sides of the Base of the Pedestal. 
 
The Spirit of 1 775 Expressed in Sculpture 
 
THE STATUE OF CAPTAIN ABBEY 
 
 SHERRY EDMUNDSON FRY, Sculptor 
 
 Daniel Chester French, whose first public work was "The Minute Man," unveiled at Concord Bridge 
 on April 19, 1875, loaned Mr. Fry the Colonial costume used in modeling this statue 
 
THOMAS ABBEY 
 
 Bom April 1 1, 1731. Died June 3, 181 1. 
 
 A SOLDIER IN THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 
 TOOK PART IN THE CAPTURE OF FORT TICONDE- 
 ROGA, 1758, AND THE CONQUEST OF CANADA, 1761. 
 CORPORAL FIRST REGIMENT, CONNECTICUT 
 TROOPS, MAY 25 TO NOVEMBER 22, 1758. LIEUTEN- 
 ANT IN CAPTAIN SETH KING'S COMPANY, APRIL 1 
 TO DECEMBER 1, 1761. 
 
 ACCORDING TO TRADITION, AT THE LEXINGTON 
 ALARM IN APRIL, 1775, DRUMMED THE CONGREGA- 
 TION OUT OF THE MEETING HOUSE, WHICH STOOD 
 NEAR THIS SPOT. MARCHED TO THE RELIEF OF 
 BOSTON WITH THE ENFIELD COMPANY, LED BY 
 MAJOR NATHANIEL TERRY AND CAPTAIN JOHN 
 SIMONS, JR., LIEUTENANT IN CAPTAIN HEZEKIAH 
 PARSON'S COMPANY, 1775. 
 
 MAY 9, 1776, APPOINTED BY THE GENERAL AS- 
 SEMBLY OF CONNECTICUT FIRST LIEUTENANT IN 
 CAPTAIN ABEL PEASE'S COMPANY. SERVED UNDER 
 GENERAL GATES AT TICONDEROGA AND VICINITY, 
 JUNE TO NOVEMBER, 1776. ADJUTANT CHESTER'S 
 CONNECTICUT STATE REGIMENT, JUNE TO DECEM- 
 BER, 1776. COMMISSIONED CAPTAIN JANUARY 1, 
 1777. APPOINTED BY THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY, 
 FEBRUARY 1, 1777, TO COLONEL SAMUEL WYLLYS'S 
 REGIMENT IN NEW YORK. HELD THIS COMMAND 
 UNTIL NOVEMBER 15, 1778. 
 
 THE MEETING HOUSE WHICH STOOD HERE IS 
 NOW THE TOWN H \LL. IT WAS BUILT IN 1775 BY 
 IS\AC KIBBE AND SUCCEEDED THE CHURCH WHICH 
 STOOD ON THE GREEN ONE-THIRD MILE TO THE 
 SOUTH. THERE, JULY 8, 1741, JONATHAN EDWARDS 
 PREACHED THE FAMOUS SERMON, "SINNERS IN 
 THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD." 
 
 Inscription on the Face of the Pedestal. 
 
 11 
 
TV-4^- 
 
 From the Portrait by G. P. A. Healy, 1808-1894. 
 Painted in 1863. 
 
 12 
 
THE AUTHOR OF "THE CAPTAIN'S DRUM" 
 
 The poem which follows first appeared in The Atlantic 
 Monthly for May, 1878, in very good company. It was preceded 
 by an article by Henry James and was followed by one by Thomas 
 Bailey Aldrich. The number also contained poems by Professor 
 Boyesen and "H. H.," as well as articles from the pens of 
 Thoreau, W. D. Howells, Charles Dudley Warner, Richard Grant 
 White, J. T. Trowbridge, ''Charles Egbert Craddock" and "Mark 
 Twain." 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Taylor was a man of mark. He was 
 graduated in 1838 from Madison University, of which his father 
 later became president, after its name was changed to Colgate 
 University. For nearly twenty years he was literary editor of 
 a Chicago newspaper and in the Civil War made a reputation as 
 a war correspondent. After the war he traveled extensively and 
 achieved success as a lecturer along with W'endell Phillips and 
 Bayard Taylor. His poems went through many editions, and 
 Whittier said of them : "I do not know of any one who so 
 well reproduces the scenes of long ago." The London "Times" 
 called him "The Oliver Goldsmith of America" and declared 
 some of his battle pictures to be the finest ever written in the 
 English language. Besides his collected poems, which ran into 
 five editions, and one novel, "Theophilus Trent," he published ten 
 other volumes of poetry and prose. 
 
 THE DATE OF "THE CAPTAIN'S DRUM." 
 The fighting at Lexington took place on Wednesday, April 
 19, 1775, and it is well established that the news of it reached 
 these parts on the following day. It is recorded that the minute- 
 men of Suffield, three miles west of Enfield across the Con- 
 necticut River, were entertained in Springfield during the night 
 of Thursday, April 20, having previously marched there from 
 Suffield. Certainly Enfield, on the chief highway between Boston 
 and New York, got the news as soon as Suffeld, which lies off 
 to one side of the main artery of travel. Of course, it is 100 
 miles to Boston, but the correspondence committees of the col- 
 onists had been active for over two years, and the aggressions 
 of the royalist government were promptly reported all the way 
 from Massachusetts to Virginia bv dispatch riders, with relays of 
 men and fresh horses. The midnight ride of Paul Revere is 
 
 13 
 
simply typical of the Lexington Alarm as it was spread over the 
 whole of New England. Israel Putnam, like Captain Abbey a 
 veteran of the French and Indian wars, was plowing in his field 
 when the news reached him. He left his plow in the furrow, 
 turned the oxen loose, mounted his horse and reached Cambridge, 
 68 miles from his Connecticut home in Pomfret, on Friday morn- 
 ing, April 21, some accounts say at sunrise. 
 
 I am therefore of the opinion that the episode of "The 
 Captain's Drum" took place on the afternoon qf Thursday, April 
 20, 1775, and not on Sunday, as set forth in the following poem. 
 This does not, however, impair the effectiveness and general truth 
 of Mr. Taylor's poem, because, during the eighteenth century 
 the Thursday Lecture was a recognized religious service of the 
 first importance in the Congregational churches throughout New 
 England. 
 
 In the Life of Jonathan Edwards it is stated that, after his 
 fame as a preacher had spread widely, in July, 1731, he was 
 prevailed upon, notwithstanding his youth and modesty (he was 
 then approaching 28), to preach the Thursday Lecture in Boston. 
 "Divers ministers" found him to be a workman that need not be 
 ashamed before his brethren, printed his sermon, and heartily 
 rejoiced in the special favor of Providence to the happy church 
 of Northampton. 
 
 It is therefore easy to believe, as the episode is closely asso- 
 ciated with a church service now obsolete and almost forgotten, 
 that in the lapse of time it came to pass that people thought the 
 drum-beating occurred during a Sunday service, themselves 
 knowing of no other religious service of equal importance. 
 
 Rev. George W. Winch, who was pastor of the Enfield 
 Church, named the Thursday Lecture as the proper date, and at 
 the same time quoted a verse from Mr. Taylor's poem in the 
 chapter on Enfield which he wrote for "The Memorial History 
 of Hartford County, Conn." This work was edited by James H. 
 Trumbull, for 25 years president of the Connecticut Historical 
 Society. 
 
 In the complete edition of his poetical works, issued the 
 year before he died, Mr. Taylor states that Aholiab Johnson, of 
 Enfield, furnished him with the historical data on which his poem 
 is based. Mr. Johnson lived opposite the site of the old meeting 
 house where Jonathan Edwards preached his famous sermon. 
 Mr. Taylor says that he "lived worthily and well." His son, J. 
 
 14. 
 
Warren Johnson, lives in the same house, and has aided greatly 
 in the preparation of this pamphlet. 
 
 There was nothing irreverent in Thomas Abbey's summoning 
 the people from church by beating a drum. His news was vital 
 and demanded immediate action. It was the decisive moment in 
 our Revolution, and he used the usual and accepted method of 
 assembling the people in that early day. Throughout New 
 England at that period congregations were called to church ser- 
 vice by the beating of a drum through the town. 
 
 OLD CONCORD.* 
 
 1 came to Concord in the evening. Care, 
 And strutting Pride, and painted Folly, these 
 Were all forgotten with the solemn trees, 
 The clean, white walls of Concord. Everywhere 
 Were wedded peace and order. Yet what blare 
 Of breathless bugles on the sparkling breeze ! 
 What scarlet foe that battles and that flees ! 
 What beckonings and what voices haunt the air ! 
 
 For it was spring in Concord, and the sight 
 Brought back the glories of that deathless year, 
 The muffled tread of armies in the night, 
 The ghostly hoofs, the shouts, and Paul Revere, 
 The Old North Bridge, the men who did not fear 
 To die for home and liberty and right. 
 
 Earl Simonson. 
 Concord, Mass., May 9, 1916. 
 
 * Read Enfield in place of Concord throughout th's poem and the application 
 will prove equally true. It was another Paul Revere, unknown to fame, who carried 
 the alarm to Enfield. 
 
 15 
 
THE SPIRIT OF 1775 EXPRESSED IN VERSE 
 
THE CAPTAIN'S DRUM 
 
 A Tradition of Enfield, April 20, 1775 
 
 I 
 
 In Pilgrim land one Sabbath day 
 
 The winter lay like sheep about 
 The ragged pastures mullein gray ; 
 
 The April sun shone in and out, 
 The showers swept by in fitful flocks, 
 
 And eaves ticked fast like mantel clocks. 
 
 II 
 
 And now and then a wealthy cloud 
 
 Would wear a ribbon broad and bright, 
 And now and then a winged crowd 
 
 Of shining* azure flash in sight ; 
 
 So rainbows bend and blue-birds fly 
 And violets show their bits of sky. 
 
 Ill 
 
 To Enfield church throng all the town 
 In quilted hood and bombazine, 
 In beaver hat with flaring crown 
 And quaint vandyke and victorine, 
 And buttoned boys in roundabout 
 From calyx collars blossom out. 
 
 IV 
 
 Bandanas wave their feeble fire 
 
 And footstoves tinkle up the aisle, 
 A gray-haired Elder leads the choir 
 
 And girls in linsey-woolsey smile. 
 So back to life the beings glide 
 
 Whose very graves have ebbed and died. 
 
 V 
 
 One hundred years have waned, and yet 
 
 We call the roll, and not in vain, 
 For one whose flint-lock musket set 
 
 The echoes wild round Fort Duquesne, 
 And swelled! the battle's powder smoke 
 
 Ere Revolution's thunders woke. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE OF PEDESTAL. 
 
 * "Shivering" in The Atlantic Monthly; changed to "shininj 
 the collected poems. 
 
 f Originally "smelled." 
 
 17 
 
Yl 
 
 Lo, Thomas Abbey answers "Here!" 
 Within the dull long-metre place; 
 
 That day upon the parson's ear 
 
 And trampling down his words of grace 
 
 A horseman's gallop rudely beat 
 
 Along the splashed and empty street. 
 
 VII 
 
 The rider drew his dripping rein 
 And then a letter wasp-nest gray 
 
 That ran: "The Concord Minute-Men 
 And Red-Coats had a fight to-day. 
 
 To Captain Abbey this with speed." 
 Ten little words to tell the deed. 
 
 VIII 
 
 The Captain read, struck out for home 
 
 The old quickstep of battle born, 
 Slung on once more a battered drum 
 
 That bore a painted unicorn, 
 Then right-about as whirls a torch 
 
 He stood once more before the sacred porch J— * 
 
 IX 
 
 And then a murmuring of bees 
 
 Broke in upon the house of prayer, 
 
 And then a wind-song swept the trees, 
 And then a snarl from wolfish lair, 
 
 And then a charge of grenadiers, 
 
 And then a flight of drum-beat cheers. 
 
 X 
 
 So drum and doctrine rudely blent, 
 The casements rattled strange accord, 
 
 No mortal knew what either meant, 
 
 'Twas double-drag and Holy Word, 
 
 Thus saith the drum and thus the Lord. 
 
 The Captain raised so wild a rout 
 He drummed the congregation out! 
 
 EAST SIDE OF PEDESTAL. 
 
 18 
 
XI 
 
 The people gathered round amazed, 
 The soldier bared his head and spoke, 
 
 And every sentence burned and blazed 
 As trenchant as a sabre-stroke: 
 ' 'Tis time to pick the flint to-day, 
 To sling the knapsack and away — 
 
 XII 
 
 "The Green of Lexington is red 
 
 With British Red-Coats, brothers' blood! 
 In rightful cause the earliest dead 
 
 Are always best beloved of God. 
 Mark time ! Now let the march begin ! 
 
 All bound for Boston, fall right in !" 
 
 XIII 
 
 Then rub-a-dub the drum jarred on, 
 The throbbing roll of battle beat! 
 
 "Fall in, my men \" and one by one, 
 
 They rhymed the tune with heart and feet 
 
 And so they made a Sabbath march 
 To glory 'neath the elm-tree arch. 
 
 XIV 
 
 The Continental line unwound 
 
 Along the church-yard's breathless sod, 
 And holier grew the hallowed ground 
 
 Where Virtue slept and Valor trod. 
 Two hundred strong that April day 
 
 They rallied out and marched away. 
 
 XV 
 
 Brigaded there at Bunker Hill 
 
 Their names are writ on Glory's page, 
 The brave old Captain's Sunday drill 
 
 Has drummed its way across the Age. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Taylor. 
 Enfield, April, 1875. 1819—1887. 
 
 NORTH SIDE OF PEDESTAL. 
 
 19 
 
THE TOWN HALL OF ENFIELD 
 
 From 1775 to 1848 this building was the Meeting House, 
 and stood in the middle of the Green. It was the scene of the 
 episode commemorated by the statue of Captain Abbey, and was 
 the third building in which the Enfield congregation has wor- 
 shipped. 
 
 The Abbey Memorial stands close to the spot where this ven- 
 erable structure was originally erected and where it stood for 73 
 years as a house of worship. The Town Meeting is justly 
 regarded as the cradle of American Independence, and this build- 
 ing, by reason of its traditions, both as a place of worship, where 
 three generations of the people of Enfield were baptized, married 
 and their funerals held, and also as the Town Hall, where three 
 later generations have fulfilled their political duties as free Amer- 
 ican citizens, deserves, for all future time, to be cherished with 
 affection and with pride by a religious and liberty-loving people. 
 
 Enfield was generous in financial support of the brave soldiers 
 whom it sent to the front, both in the Revolution and in the Civil 
 War. The initiating force and the depth of the spirit of freedom 
 in the people of this town are shown by their action in town meet- 
 ing on March 31, 1777, of which we give a fac-simile on this page. 
 When you reflect that this resolution was passed 57 years before 
 England freed the slaves in her West Indian colonies and 85 
 years before Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, you 
 will begin to realize how deep-rooted and how strong is the love 
 
 20 
 
RECORD OF TOWN 
 MEETING. 
 
 Enfield's Protest Against 
 Slavery in 1777. 
 
of liberty in the men and women of Enfield, not only for them- 
 selves but for the rest of mankind. 
 
 It should not be forgotten that Connecticut, in proportion 
 to population, furnished more soldiers in the Revolution than 
 any other of the thirteen colonies. This was disclosed through 
 the investigations of an Enfield man who was, in his day, an 
 encyclopaedia of knowledge. This was Dr. John Chauncey Pease, 
 1782-1859, who assisted Royal R. Hinman in preparing the well- 
 known volume, "Historical Collections of Connecticut in the 
 American Revolution." 
 
 In connection with the Lexington Alarm, the expression, 
 "Marched for the relief of Boston," showed the extent of their 
 sympathies and the nature of the service intended. The people 
 of the colonies were, to a certain extent, prepared for such an 
 alarm. On September 1st of the previous year, 1774, the King's 
 troops had been sent from Boston to Cambridge to carry off some 
 pieces of cannon belonging to the militia. This action was the 
 immediate occasion of the proceedings against Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor Oliver on the following day, when, under compulsion of an 
 assemblage of 4,000 excited citizens, he was forced to resign his 
 seat in the Council, to which, in violation of the charter of Massa- 
 chusetts, he had been illegally appointed by George III. Further 
 particulars of this event, which so nearly precipitated the out- 
 break of the Revolution seven months and a half before the 
 battle of Lexington, and how bloodshed was then averted by the 
 forethought of a peace-loving Loyalist, will be found on page 74. 
 
 The response to the appeal from Lexington in 1775 was not 
 the official action of this colony, nor, on the other hand, an 
 impromptu movement of individuals without previous organiza- 
 tion. An uprising of armed men might have partaken of a mob 
 character, as in Cambridge in 1774, and the militia as such could 
 only be called out by the Governor or the Legislature. It was 
 rather a movement of the townsmen marching under their militia 
 organization. The gatherings thus became orderly as well as 
 spontaneous, and represented the town spirit, shown previously 
 in protests and resolutions. It appears from the records that in 
 some cases, as in Suffield, the companies or trainbands collected 
 and marched off under their officers without further orders; in 
 other cases the colonels, taking the lead, called out a certain 
 number of their men and directed them forthwith to the point 
 of danger ; in a few cases, as occurred here in Enfield, volunteer 
 companies were organized for the special service. 
 
 22 
 
How^Shall We Preserve the Liberties for Which 
 the Men of 1775 Fought? 
 
AMERICA MUST ARM ITSELF AND ALSO TEACH 
 
 DEMOCRATIC IDEALS TO IMMIGRANTS LEST 
 
 GOVERNMENT OF, BY AND FOR THE 
 
 PEOPLE PERISH FROM THE EARTH. 
 
 [Speech of EHhu Root before the New York Bar Association, 
 January 15, 1916.] 
 
 That "Eternal Vigilance is the Price of Liberty*' is an 
 eternal truth, and the principles of American liberty to-day stand 
 in need of a renewed devotion on the part of the American people. 
 We have forgotten this in our vast material prosperity. We have 
 grown so rich, we have lived in ease and comfort and peace so 
 long that we have forgotten to what we owe these agreeable 
 incidents of life. 
 
 We must be prepared to defend our individual liberty in two 
 ways. We must be prepared to do it first by force of arms 
 against all external aggression. God knows I love peace and L 
 despise all foolish and wicked wars, but I do not wish for my 
 country the peace of slavery, or dishonor, or injustice, or pol- 
 troonery. I want to see in my country the spirit that beat in the 
 hearts of the men at Concord Bridge, who were just and God- 
 fearing men, but who were ready to fight for their liberty. And 
 if the hundred million people of America have the spirit and it is 
 made manifest, they won't have to fight. 
 
 But there is another way in which we must be prepared to 
 defend it, and this is necessary to the first. We must be prepared 
 to defend it within as against all indifference and false doctrine, 
 against all willingness to submit individual independence to the 
 control of practical tyranny, whether it be of a monarch or of a 
 majority. 
 
 Another circumstance which we ought not to lose sight of 
 is the fact that a vast number of people have come to the United 
 States within very recent times from those countries of Europe 
 which differ so widely in their fundamental conceptions of law 
 and personal freedom from ourselves. 
 
 The millions of immigrants who have come from the Conti- 
 nent of Europe have come from communities which have not the 
 traditions of individual liberty, but the traditions of state control 
 over liberty ; they have come from communities in which the 
 courts are part of the administrative system of the government, 
 not independent tribunals to do justice between the individual 
 
 • 24 
 
and the government; they have come from communities in which 
 the law is contained in codes framed and imposed upon the 
 people by superior power, and not communities like ours, in 
 which law is the growth of the life of the people, made by the 
 people through their own recognition of their needs. 
 
 It is a slow process to change the attitude of the individual 
 toward law, toward political principles. It cannot be done in a 
 moment, and this great mass of men, good men. good women, 
 without our traditions, but with entirely different traditions, will 
 change us unless we change them. 
 
 Fifteen per cent, of the lawyers of Xew York City are 
 foreign born. Thirty per cent, of the lawyers of New York City 
 are either foreign born or of foreign parents. And the great 
 mass of them have in their blood, with all the able and brilliant 
 and noble men among them — have in their blood necessarily the 
 traditions of the countries from which they came. They cannot 
 help it. 
 
 They will hold those traditions until they are expelled by 
 the spirit of American institutions. That is a question of time. 
 And somebody has got to look after it. Somebody has got to 
 make the spirit of those institutions vocal. Somebody has got 
 to exhibit belief in them, trust in them, devotion to them, loyalty 
 to them, or you cannot win this great body from Continental 
 Europe to a true understanding of and loyalty to our institutions. 
 
 Here is a great new duty for the bar ; and if we have not 
 been hypocrites during all these years in which we have been 
 standing up in court and appealing to the principles of the law, 
 appealing to the principles of our Constitution, demanding justice 
 according to the rules of the common law for our clients ; if we 
 have not been hypocrites, we will come to the defense and the 
 assertion — the triumphant assertion — of these principles we have 
 been asserting. 
 
 The whole business of government in which we are all con- 
 cerned is becoming serious, grave, threatening. No man in 
 America has any right to rest contented and easv and indifferent, 
 for never before, not even in the time of the Civil War. have all 
 the energies and all the devotion of the American democracy been 
 demanded for the perpetuity of American institutions, for the 
 continuance of the American Pepublic against foes without and 
 more insidious foes within, than in the year of grace. 1016'. 
 
 2S 
 
FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 Legally known as the First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield. This is the fourth structure in 
 which this congregation has worshipped. 
 
ENFIELD CHURCH 
 
 This church is looked upon by architects as one of the finest 
 examples of the Colonial style in New England. It reminds the 
 traveller of those beautiful parish churches in London, England, 
 the spires of which Sir Christopher Wren set like candlesticks 
 around his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 The first house of worship in Enfield was built of logs in 
 1684, and stood in or close to the cemetery. The second church 
 edifice was built in 1706. The outlines of its foundation, about 
 forty feet square, may be seen opposite the post-office. Rachel 
 Kibbe, 1688-1786, who married first Jonathan Bush, 1681-1746, 
 and secondly Lieutenant John Meacham, remembered the raising 
 of this second meeting house when she was eighteen years old, 
 and said there was "a great frolick which lasted three days." She 
 was the grandmother of Hannah Bush, 1744-1801, wife of Colonel 
 Amos Alden, and died in her 100th year. 
 
 JONATHAN EDWARDS'S FAMOUS ENFIELD SERMON. 
 
 The second church building has an honorable place in the 
 religious history of America. It was there, on July 8, 1741, that 
 Jonathan Edwards preached his famous Enfield sermon, "Sinners 
 in the Hands of an Angry God." This sermon was the high-tide 
 in a revival known as "The Great Awakening," commenced in 
 his own church at Northampton, Mass., which swept over the 
 whole of New England. The great preacher was born in East 
 Windsor, about nine miles from Enfield Church, on October 5, 
 
 THE BIRTHPLACE OF JONATHAN EDWARDS. 
 "A very expensive house, decorated with many elegant ornaments, 
 it took a year to build, was completed about January 1, 1697, and 
 1 stood until 1813."— Stiles's "Ancient Windsor." 
 
 27 
 
U-7) n a hza n Ccl n?a r^~" 
 
 PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JONATHAN EDWARDS 
 
 1/03, in the house which his grandfather, Richard Edwards, of 
 Hartford, built for his father, Rev. Timothy Edwards. An 
 invitation to the "Ordination Ball" given in this house in May, 
 1698, is still in existence, signed by Rev. Timothy Edwards. 
 This dance at the parson's in East Windsor and the "3 days' 
 frolick ' at the church-raising in Enfield eight years later, are 
 pretty reliable evidence that our forefathers were not so straight- 
 laced, so dour and solemn as we have been led to believe. They 
 were perhaps more broad-minded and liberal than some of their 
 descendants who frown on innocent amusements and the joys of 
 youth and gayety. 
 
 Eeside being President of Princeton College and the fore- 
 most man that Connecticut has produced, Jonathan Edwards is 
 generally regarded as the ablest metaphysician of the period be- 
 tween Leibnitz and Kant and as the greatest theologian of the 
 
 18th century. A believer in equality, in the oneness of mankind. 
 in freedom of inquiry, and a lover of liberty, he was an abso- 
 
 28 
 
lute democrat and a forerunner of the Revolution. It has been 
 said if you would know the workings of the mind of New Eng- 
 land in the middle of the 18th century and the throbbing of its 
 heart you must study the life and the words of Jonathan Edwards. 
 
 THE WOLCOTT FAMILY. 
 In the congregation of Timothy Edwards the most prominent 
 man was Roger Wolcott, who in 1750 became Governor of Con- 
 necticut. His son, Oliver Wolcott, was a signer of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence as well as Governor of Connecticut, while 
 his grandson, Oliver Wolcott, succeeded Alexander Hamilton as 
 Secretary of the Treasury and was also Governor of Connecticut. 
 Other descendants are Governor Robert Wolcott of Massachu- 
 setts and the Wads worth family of Geneseo, N. Y., and in Wol- 
 cott Keep of Lockport, N. Y., the Wolcott blood is united with 
 that of Captain Abbey of Enfield. 
 
 ERECTION OF THE TOWN HALL. 
 
 The third meeting house was built by Isaac Kibbe, 1731- 
 1779. He was the only son of Isaac Kibbe, 1683-1766, who was 
 the first boy born in Enfield and the youngest brother of Rachel 
 Kibbe, who left the record of the "frolick" at the raising of the 
 previous church in 1706. Mr. Kibbe executed a bond that the 
 new church should be "of the same dimensions and in every 
 respect equal in size, quality and goodness to the meeting house 
 in East Windsor." That building has been burned since, but its 
 dimensions, 60 by 45 feet and 27 feet high, are preserved in the 
 copy, except that the pillared porch was added in 1848, when 
 the church was moved off the Enfield Green and converted into 
 the present town hall. 
 
 It was completed according to contract on January 1, 1775. 
 and at the Lexington Alarm in the following April became the 
 scene of Captain Abbey's drum-beating exploit. At the meeting 
 of the First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield, on January 16, 1775, 
 it was voted to pay to Isaac Kibbe sixty pounds extra above his 
 contract and also the old meeting house, for the reason that he 
 had built the new church "better than bargain." It is interesting 
 to note that Mr. Kibbe's contract was for £1,100, and that it 
 was paid in beef, pork, grain and tobacco. In this payment in 
 kind wheat was rated at 4 shillings (one dollar) per bushel, rye 
 at 3 shillings (75 cents), Indian corn at 2 shillings (50 cents), 
 
 29 
 
beef at 2 pence (4 cents), pork at 3 pence (6 cents), and tobacco 
 at 18 shillings ($4.50) per hundred pounds if raised by the hand 
 that presented it for his rate or on his own land. In case of 
 delay in payments the sums due were to be at interest till paid, 
 and money was always to be accepted instead of the produce 
 named if any person desired. The figures show that in 150 years 
 grain has not advanced in price, while meat costs several times 
 as much to-day. These payments in kind for the building of the 
 meeting house furnish a good picture of the simple agricultural 
 life of our forefathers. What a mistake for the immigrants of 
 to-day to herd in great cities instead of going into the country 
 and cultivating the soil like the early settlers. 
 
 AMERICANIZE THE IMMIGRANT, SAYS 
 THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 
 
 [Address before the National Americanization Committee, 
 February 1, 1916.] 
 
 Let us say to the immigrant not that we hope he will learn 
 English, but that he has got to learn it. Let the immigrant who 
 does not learn it go back. He has got to consider the interest 
 of the United States or he should not stay here. He must be 
 made to see that his opportunities in this country depend upon 
 his knowing English and observing American standards. The 
 employer cannot be permitted to regard him only as an industrial 
 asset. 
 
 We must in every way possible encourage the immigrant to 
 rise, help him up, give him a chance to help himself. If we try 
 to carry him he may well prove not worth carrying. We must 
 in turn insist upon his showing the same standard of fealty to 
 this country and to join with us in raising the level of our com- 
 mon American citizenship. 
 
 If I could I would have the kind of restriction which would 
 not allow any immigrant to come here unless I was content that 
 his grandchildren would be fellow-citizens of my grandchildren. 
 They will not be so if he lives in a boarding house at $2.50 per 
 month with ten other boarders and contracts tuberculosis and 
 contributes to the next generation a body of citizens inferior not 
 only morally and spiritually but also physically. 
 
 30 
 
AMERICA'S DUTY TO THE FOREIGNER. 
 
 | Speech of Charles E. Hughes at Detroit, August 7, 1916.] 
 
 You have here the problem of the sudden introduction of a 
 large alien population. You did not remain indifferent. You 
 set an example in Americanization to all America ; and we point 
 to Detroit as the one place in this land where there has been 
 shown a quickening of interest in the development, training and 
 Americanizing of alien men and women who have come to this 
 land. 
 
 It is perfectly idle to expect a sound sentiment of American 
 unity if those who come among us as strangers come merely to be 
 exploited. When we admit men and women to this country 
 we assume obligations with respect to their training, as well as 
 granting privileges, and we have to be awake to these obligations, 
 and to realize that in every community there must be a well 
 organized effort to make America supreme in the thought of 
 every one who comes into the community ; to have the language 
 understood and spoken ; to have American sentiment replace 
 foreign sentiment ; to have American ideals replace foreign ideals ; 
 to have a realization that this is a country not simply giving an 
 opportunity to work for dollars but a country that is devoted to 
 the betterment of human life, to the liberalization of all those 
 things connected with human understanding and purpose. We 
 want America first in the mind and heart of every one in this 
 land. 
 
 But America is not simply a land for the man of special 
 talent, or of distinguished aptitude. This is the home of the 
 average man. The ordinary man, the man who is doing his best 
 whatever his talent or aptitude. And in our large industrial 
 occupations, where thousands are gathered together in one ser- 
 vice, we want a recognition of human brotherhood in providing 
 for the welfare of those who make the wealth of this great 
 country. 
 
 We want workingmen to be safeguarded from every injury 
 that can be prevented. We want the health of the workingmen 
 looked after ; every means provided which conducts to the proper 
 standpoint of living; every means provided for proper recreation; 
 appropriate means for education, for vocational training. In 
 short, the workingman who is in his job and expects to continue 
 
 31 
 
in that job ought to feel that he is doing something worth while 
 for a community that appreciates it and gives him a fair chance 
 to lead a happy and decent life. 
 
 LINCOLN AT GETTYSBURG, 1863 
 
 Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth 
 upon this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedi 
 cated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we 
 are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, 01 
 any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. Wf 
 are met on a great battle-field of that war. We are met to dedicate 
 a portion of it as the final resting-place of those who here gave 
 their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and 
 proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot 
 dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground 
 The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have conse 
 crated it far above our power to add or detract. The world wil 1 
 little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never 
 forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedi 
 cated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far nobly 
 carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great 
 task remaining before us ; that from these honored dead we take 
 increased devotion to the cause for which they here gave the last 
 full measure of devotion ; that we here highly resolve that the 
 dead shall not have died in vain, that the nation shall, under God. 
 have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, 
 by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 
 
 32 
 
Nothing is more wholesome than for a people to be reminded 
 of a noble ancestry and of their illustrious deeds. — George Will- 
 iam Curtis, April, 1875. 
 
 The Story of a Town Told in the 
 History of a Family 
 
 Our country is the history of our fathers — our country is 
 the tradition of our mothers — our country is past renown — our 
 country is present pride and power — our country is future hope 
 and destiny — our country is greatness, glory, truth, constitutional 
 liberty — above all, freedom forever ! 
 
 U. S. Senator Edzvard D. Baker, in Union Square, New 
 York, April 20, 1861, six days after the evacuation of Fort 
 Sumter. He raised the "California" regiment in New York and 
 Philadelphia and died at the head of his brigade at Ball's Bluff, 
 October 21, 1861. 
 
 33 
 
: : ' 
 
 ■'••£ • 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 •"I' 1 . 
 
 
 u - „ . , 
 
 V -. .'. tj - 1 
 
 
 "S 
 
 ISfc 
 
 
 
 
 ) >;. 
 
 A 
 
 THE IMMIGRANT 
 ANCESTOR 
 AND THE 
 
 WINDHAM ABBES 
 
 ¥ 
 
 JOHN ABBEY, 16124690 
 
 SAILED FROM LONDON, ENGLAND, IN THE "BON- 
 A VENTURE" JANUARY 2, 1634. EARLY SETTLER OF 
 WENH VM, MASSACHUSETTS. SONS JOHN AND 
 SAMUEL SETTLED IN WINDHAM, CONNECTICUT, 
 1696-7. THE WINDHAM ABBES INCLUDE RICHARD, 
 1682-1737, LEGISLATOR; JOSHUA, 1710-1807, PHILAN- 
 THROPIST; SHUBAEL, 1744-1804, LEGISLATOR; HENRY 
 ABBEY, 1842-1911, POET; EDWIN AUSTIN ABBEY, 
 1852-1911, PAINTER; AND THE BROTHERS ROBERT 
 ABBE, 1850, SURGEON, AND CLEVELAND ABBE, 1838, 
 ASTRONOMER AND METEOROLOGIST. 
 
 SEALS AND 
 
 INSCRIPTION ON 
 
 FIRST HALF OF 
 
 NORTHEAST SEAT 
 
 34 
 
CAPTAIN ABBEY'S 
 GRANDFATHER 
 
 THOMAS ABBEY, 16564 728 
 
 SOLDIER IN KING PHILIP'S WAR IN CAPTAIN 
 APPLETON'S COMPANY. WOUNDED AT THE TAKING 
 OF THE INDIAN FORT IN THE GREAT SWAMP FIGHT 
 AT NARRAGANSETT, RHODE ISLAND, DECEMBER 19, 
 1675. ONE OF THE FIRST SETTLERS OF ENFIELD, 
 1683. MARRIED DECEMBER 17, 1683, SARAH FAIRFIELD, 
 DAUGHTER OF WALTER FAIRFIELD, REPRESENTA- 
 TIVE OF WEN HAM IN THE GENERAL COURT OF 
 MASSACHUSETS. 1689. GRANDDAUGHTER OF JOHN 
 FAIRFIELD, AN ORIGINAL PROPRIETOR OF WEN- 
 HAM. 
 
 SEALS AND 
 
 INSCRIPTION ON 
 
 SECOND HALF OF 
 
 NORTHEAST SEAT 
 
CAPTAIN ABBEY'S 
 FATHER 
 
 LIEUTENANT THOMAS ABBEY, 16864 759 
 
 SERGEANT, 1711. LIEUTENANT, 1712-13. MAR- 
 RIED MARCH 13, 1/15, MARY PEASE, DAUGHTER OF 
 CAPTAIN JOHN PEASE, FOUNDER OF ENFIELD, 
 FATHER OF FIRST CHILD BORN HERE, 1683. SHE 
 WAS GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER OF ROBERT PEASE 
 OF THE "FRANCIS," 1634; ROBERT GOODELL OF THE 
 "ELIZABETH," 1634; JOHN ADAMS OF THE "FOR- 
 TUNE," 1621, AND OF WILLIAM VASSALL OF THE 
 "ARABELLA," 1630, WHOSE FATHER, JOHN VASSALL, 
 WAS COMMANDER OF TWO SHIPS AGAINST THE 
 SPANISH ARMADA, 1588, AND MEMBER OF THE VIR- 
 GINIA COMPANY WHICH FOUNDED JAMESTOWN, 
 1607. 
 
 SEALS AND 
 
 INSCRIPTION ON 
 
 FIRST HALF OF 
 
 SOUTHEAST SEAT 
 
CAPTAIN ABBEY'S 
 WIFE 
 
 CAPTAIN THOMAS ABBEY. 17314811 
 
 MARRIED JUNE 22, 1749, PENELOPE TERRY, 
 DAUGHTER OF DR. EBENEZER TERRY, EARLIEST 
 NATIVE PHYSICIAN OF THIS TOWN. GRANDDAUGH- 
 TER OF CAPTAIN SAMUEL TERRY, PIONEER SET- 
 TLER, WHOSE FATHER, SERGEANT SAMUEL TERRY, 
 CAME FROM BARNET, ENGLAND, AS APPRENTICE 
 TO WILLIAM PYNCHON, FOUNDER OF SPRINGFIELD. 
 THE FIRST MARRIAGE IN ENFIELD WAS THAT OF 
 CAPTAIN SAMUEL TERRY, MAY 17, 1682, TO HANNAH 
 MORGAN, DAUGHTER OF CAPTAIN MILES MORGAN, 
 DEFENDER OF SPRINGFIELD AGAINST THE INDIANS, 
 OCTOBER 5. 1675. 
 
 SEALS AND 
 
 INSCRIPTION ON 
 
 SECOND HALF OF 
 
 SOUTHEAST SEAT 
 
 37 
 

 
 
 v • 
 
 
 
 vm 
 
 f'fpf^ 
 
 
 m ** 
 
 j\ ' 
 
 f 
 
 Jm it. 
 
 
 
 CAPTAIN 
 ABBEY'S 
 
 SON 
 
 PETER ABBEY, 
 
 MARRIED JUNE 22, 17! 
 
 17694 857 
 
 9, HANNAH ALDEN, 
 DAUGHTER OF COLONEL AMOS ALDEN. SHE WAS A 
 DESCENDANT OF JOHN ALDEN, OF THE "MAYFLOW- 
 ER," 1620; JOHN BUSH OF THE "ALEXANDER," 1634; 
 EDWARD KIBBE OF BOSTON, 1645, AND OF WILLIAM 
 HARVEY, ENGLISH ENVOY DURING FOUR TUDOR 
 REIGNS TO EMPEROR CHARLES V., DENMARK, SAX- 
 ONY AND FRANCE, AND SENT TO DECLARE WAR 
 AGAINST FRANCE, JUNE 7, 1557. 
 
 SEAL AND 
 
 INSCRIPTION ON 
 
 FIRST SECTION OF 
 
 SOUTHWEST SEAT 
 
CAPTAIN 
 
 ABBEY'S 
 
 GRANDSON 
 
 LIEUT. SETH ALDEN ABBEY, U.S.A. 1798-1880 
 
 MARRIED FEBRUARY 8, 1821, MERCY HUNT. 
 PRINTER, EDITOR, CONSTABLE, MARSHAL, SHERIFF 
 
 ' AND MUNICIPAL JUDGE OF CLEVELAND, OHIO. EN- 
 LISTED 1861, AT AGE OF 63. FIRST LIEUTENANT 
 
 i SECOND OHIO CAVALRY. SERVED THREE YEARS IN 
 THE CIVIL WAR. 
 
 SEAL AND 
 INSCRIPTION ON 
 
 THE MIDDLE 
 
 SECTION OF THE 
 
 SOUTHWEST SEAT 
 
SETH ALDEN ABBEY, 1798-1880 
 
 Judge Abbey left a manuscript, dated June 15, 1872, in which 
 he gives his recollections of his grandfather, Captain Abbey, as 
 follows : 
 
 "When a small boy I was frequently at his house for a week 
 at a time, and have heard him tell many a thrilling tale of his 
 hairbreadth escapes, hardships, sufferings, etc., in service against 
 the French and Indians. At the breaking out of the Revolution 
 a volunteer company was raised in his neighborhood, and he was 
 elected their captain. I have heard him say, frequently, that ht 
 had chances of promotion, often, but his men would not consent 
 to his leaving them. I saw many of his old soldiers who served 
 during the war; and the neighbors were as particular when ad- 
 dressing any of them, in giving them their title, as Corporal such 
 a one or Sergeant such a one, as they would be in addressing a 
 general. Thomas Abbey died in 1811, and was as anxious for a 
 fight again with old England, which was then much talked of, 
 just before his death, as in his younger days." 
 
 When, during the Civil War, Judge Abbey was offered pro- 
 motion by David Tod, the war Governor of Ohio, like his grand- 
 father, he declined, characteristically remarking to his friends 
 that he thought he was doing more effective work where then 
 situated. 
 
 40 
 
CAPTAIN ABBEY'S ELDEST GRANDSON 
 COLONEL DORREPHUS ABBEY, 1792-1838 
 
 (SETH ALDEN ABBEY'S BROTHER' 
 
 BORN IN SUFFIELD, CONNECTICUT, JULY 13, 1792. 
 PRINTER AND EDITOR, WATERTOWN, NEW YORK. 
 LED AN EXPEDITION INTO CANADA IN THE PA- 
 TRIOT WAR, 1838. AT THE BATTLE OF PRESCOTT, 
 NOVEMBER 13-16, WITH COLONEL VON SHOULTZ 
 AND 180 MEN, HELD THE STONE WINDMILL FOR 
 FOUR DAYS AGAINST TWO REGIMENTS OF BRITISH 
 REGULARS, THREE ARMED STEAMBOATS AND 900 
 VOLUNTEERS. HANGED BY THE BRITISH IN FORT 
 HENRY AT KINGSTON, DECEMBER 12, 1838. 
 
 V 
 
 > 
 
 - <J vj *- 
 
 Seal and Inscription on third section of Southwest Seat. 
 
 In selecting subjects for these seals the Tower of London 
 was chosen to typify the feudal power and autocratic sway of 
 Charles I. and his "right divine to rule awrong," which John 
 Abbey left behind him when he sailed away from the British 
 capital on the second day of January, 1634. By a curious coinci 
 dence, of which we were not aware when making this selection 
 but which certainly confirmed its appropriateness, the flag nailed 
 to the summit of the windmill is now in the Tower of London, 
 among the trophies taken on many a bloody field of battle. The 
 flag was presented to the leaders of the Patriot War by the ladies 
 of Onondaga County, New York. It has an eagle, for Liberty, 
 
 41 
 
and two stars, representing Upper and Lower Canada, wrought 
 on a ground of blue, and is a beautiful specimen of woman's 
 handiwork. 
 
 "Among all these relics from every quarter of the globe none 
 was secured at greater cost," says Captain Daniel D. Heustis in 
 his "Narrative of Adventures and Sufferings," published in 1848. 
 
 Colonel Von Shoultz, who was a Polish nobleman already 
 distinguished for military ability in the revolution against Russia 
 in his native land, Colonel Abbey and the nine other Americans 
 who were hanged at Kingston, were probably fortunate to die 
 when and as they did, in view of the long-drawn-out misery of the 
 survivors of the court martial. Of the 182 men who defended 
 the windmill, 17 were killed in the fight, 3 died later of their 
 wounds, 5 escaped before the surrender, 11 as stated were 
 hanged, 64 were pardoned after trial, 22 were discharged without 
 trial, and 60 were transported to Van Diemen's Land (now Tas- 
 mania), together with 18 other prisoners taken at the battle 
 fought at Windsor, opposite Detroit. Captain Heustis says these 
 unfortunates were 140 days on the convict ship "Buffalo," and 
 that their sufferings were such that they planned a mutiny, which, 
 being discovered, their last state, confined between decks in the 
 tropics, was worse than the first. The wretched survivors, on 
 arrival in the penal settlement, were put to work on the roads 
 for two years and then became ticket-of-leave men. On January 
 1, 1845, after six years of misery, Captain Heustis received his 
 pardon. 
 
 Of Dorrephus Abbey's last days Captain Heustis writes as 
 follows : "I had been in the room with Colonel Abbey. Three 
 or four days before his murder, the sheriff came in and told him 
 he had received orders for his execution, and wished him to get 
 ready to remove to the cell of the condemned immediately. He 
 received the intelligence with manly coolness, and, on leaving, 
 shook hands with us all, bidding us farewell." On the evening 
 previous to his death he wrote affectionate letters to his three 
 orphan children. To one of these letters a postscript was added 
 the next morning as follows : 
 
 "I slept soundly and quietly last night ; I now feel as though 
 I could meet the event with composure." 
 
 He was the second of the prisoners to be hanged, Colonel 
 Von Shoultz being the first victim on December 8. 
 
 Nicholas Augustus Sultuskie Von Shoultz, the elected chief 
 of the invading party, was a good military engineer, deeply versed 
 in the sciences, spoke eight languages, had acquired high literary 
 
 42 
 
honors, and was widely travelled. His father, who, with another 
 son, fell before the walls of Warsaw, held an interest in the cele- 
 brated mines of Cracow, where the hero of the Battle of the 
 Windmill acquired intimate knowledge of the manufacturing of 
 salt. In the fall of 1836 he set up a laboratory in Onondaga 
 County, at Salina, where he became engaged to a beautiful and 
 accomplished American girl, undoubtedly one of the ladies who 
 embroidered the flag now in the Tower of London. Her minia- 
 ture was torn from her lover's neck at the time of his capture, 
 when all of the prisoners were most brutally treated, being robbed 
 of their money, watches and even clothing, leaving some of them 
 half-naked in bitter winter weather. A few days before Von 
 Shoultz's death he wrote a beautiful song, "The Maiden's An- 
 swer," which, relates Captain Heustis, he sang to his companions 
 in a thrilling yet plaintive voice. 
 
 When I visited Fort Henry some years ago I was shown a 
 carving of a sloop on the stone wall of the cell of the condemned 
 in which Colonel Abbey and Colonel Von Shoultz were confined, 
 and was told that it was made by these intrepid men. Under 
 more favorable circumstances the Polish champion of freedom 
 would have been regarded as the Kosciusko of Canada and 
 Colonel Abbey as the hero of Prescott Windmill, just as his 
 grandfather is looked upon as the hero of Enfield meeting house. 
 
 The battle of Prescott was the most severe engagement of 
 the Patriot War. and cost the loyalists 130 men in killed and 
 wounded. A serious fight took place three weeks later at Windsor, 
 in which the battle-cry was. "Remember Prescott.''* on account 
 of the cruelties practiced by the loyalist volunteers on the pris- 
 oners who surrendered at the windmill, whose lives were saved 
 only by the intervention of the better disciplined and perhaps 
 more chivalrous British regulars. On December 13, 1837. Rens- 
 selaer van Rensselaer and 24 patriot volunteers seized Navy 
 Island, above Niagara Falls, opposite Chippawa. They were 
 joined by William Lyon Mackenzie, the political chief of the 
 movement in Upper Canada, and set up a provisional govern- 
 ment. Volunteers flocked to their standard and they held the 
 island for a month, during which the American steamer "Caro- 
 line" was captured by the British, set on fire and sent over Niagara 
 Falls ablaze. When the revolutionists evacuated Navy Island on 
 January 13. 1838. their numbers had increased to about 600. 
 Louis Joseph Papineau was the leader in Lower Canada. As 
 Captain Heustis describes only his own experiences, any one 
 desirous of a complete and impartial account of the Patriot War 
 
 43 
 
should read Charles Lindsey 's "Life and Times of William Lyon 
 Mackenzie and the Rebellion of 1837-8." 
 
 While from a military standpoint decidedly a "Lost Cause," 
 Lindsey declares that "Much of the liberty Canada has enjoyed 
 since 1840, and more of the wonderful progress she has made, 
 are due to the changes which the insurrection was the chief 
 agent in producing." His testimony is the more convincing 
 because he deplores the movement as "an enterprise which can- 
 not be justified." In his introduction Lindsey further states that 
 it "was in the end advantageous to the country." The insurrec- 
 tion resulted in very speedily establishing responsible constitu- 
 tional government in Canada ; in fact, it secured "Home Rule" 
 for our neighbors on the north. 
 
 OLD WINDMILL 
 
 NEAR PRESCOTT 
 
 CONVERTED 
 
 INTO A 
 
 LIGHTHOUSE BY 
 
 THE CANADIAN 
 
 GOVERNMENT 
 
 Whether in chains or in laurels, Liberty knows nothing but 
 victories. Bunker Hill, soldiers call a defeat. But Liberty dates 
 from it, though Warren lay dead on the Held. — Wendell Phillips, 
 1859. 
 
 Every great crisis in human history is a pass of Thermopylae, 
 and there is always a Leonidas and his 300 to die in it, if they 
 cannot conquer. And so long as Liberty has one martyr, so long 
 as one drop of blood is poured out for her, so long from that 
 single drop of bloody sweat of the agony of mankind shall spring 
 hosts as countless as the forest leaves and as mighty as the 
 sea. — George William Curtis, "The Call of Freedom." 
 
 44 
 
CAPTAIN 
 
 ABBEY'S 
 
 GREAT 
 
 GRANDSON 
 
 HENRY GILBERT ABBEY, 182M887 
 
 CALIFORNIA, 1849. MARRIED SEPTEMBER 28, 
 1859, AMELIA MATHILDA JOHNSTONE. AS SOLE 
 TRUSTEE ESTABLISHED IN THE WESTERN RESERVE 
 AT CLEVELAND, OHIO, THE CASE SCHOOL OF 
 APPLIED SCIENCE, 1880. 
 
 SEAL AND 
 INSCRIPTION 
 
 ON FIRST 
 
 SECTION OF 
 
 NORTHWEST SEAT 
 
 f ^ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 i X 
 
 \ 
 
 45 
 
A RARE FRIENDSHIP 
 
 Leonard Case, the founder of the Case School, had a strong 
 dislike for business. On the death of his father in 1866, when 
 he came into possession of the Case estate, he made his life-long 
 friend, Henry G. Abbey, general manager and confidential agent 
 of the property. He was thus enabled, until his death in 1880, 
 to devote himself to his literary and mathematical studies. The 
 story of this beautiful friendship was well told by Judge James 
 D. Cleveland, president of the board of trustees, in his address 
 at the Case School commencement in 1891 : 
 
 "Mr. Abbey relieved Mr. Case of all business cares and was 
 most eminently qualified for the duties which he had been called 
 to undertake. He had lived in Cleveland from his infancy, and 
 united great strength of mind to a thorough study of the law, 
 long experience in business, knowledge of the world and a culti- 
 vated taste in literature. He had been a practicing lawyer in 
 Milwaukee, clerk of the Wisconsin House of Representatives ; a 
 pioneer for gold in 1849 in California ; he had rocked the cradle 
 on the sands of the Sacramento and Klamath rivers, and had 
 brought back to Cleveland the net results — some gold and a full 
 stock of experience. He had settled down to sober hard work 
 in his profession, had been much trusted as a master commis- 
 sioner, referee and administrator of estates, and was a thoroughly 
 equipped and able coadjutor of the projects and purposes of Mr. 
 Case in relation to the property and all other matters requiring 
 counsel, labor and management. 
 
 "The estate was not only of such volume and varied quality, 
 composed as it was of city and farms lands, blocks of buildings 
 in process of construction and under rental, situated near and 
 remote from the center of activity, that they involved negotiations 
 and complications with all municipal and financial corporations ; 
 indeed, with all sorts of men — capitalists, merchants, mechanics, 
 laborers, farmers and gardeners. The business required a very 
 high order of administrative qualities, and put the abilities of the 
 confidential agent and manager to the highest tension. In these 
 relations Mr. Abbey was so well equipped as to bring to Mr. 
 Case the perfect relief and exemption from care and vexation 
 about his business that he aimed at. and gave him opportunity 
 for study and the pursuits that made life tolerable. 
 
 "Mr; Case's struggle with broken health was also partici- 
 pated in by Mr. Abbey, who was always at his side with his 
 
 46 
 
cheering conversational powers. He accompanied him usually 
 on his excursions, and stood like a tower of strength between 
 him and the aggressive and persistent pressure of worldly affairs. 
 None could so well have given to you the story of that secluded 
 life of Leonard Case — thoughtful for those he esteemed and 
 respected, and wisely considerate for those who should come after 
 him — as Henry Abbey could have done. He did not do it, and 
 we must conclude that what he did not write or say of this life 
 was as sacred in his possession as it had been during the lifetime 
 of a man of whom he spoke in these few but comprehensive 
 words, 'He was the wisest and the best man that I ever knew.' ,; 
 
 CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE, Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 The Main Building, constructed under the supervision of Henry G. Abbey 
 
 In 1877 and 1879 Air. Case deeded real estate to Mr. Abbey 
 to be used after his death in the establishment of the Case School. 
 This trust was carried out with great efficiency. The year follow- 
 ing Air. Case's death instruction was begun in his old home 
 facing the public square, and in 1885 the school was removed to 
 a new building on the present site. Unfortunately, when only 
 half completed, this building was totally destroyed by fire, and 
 Air. Abbey had to begin his work all over again. He did not 
 live to see the new main building fully completed. It is now only 
 one of seven buildings on the 25-acre campus, amply maintained 
 by the income of the real estate deeded for the purpose. 
 
 47 
 
Leonard Case's grandfather, Meshach Case, settled with 
 his family in the Western Reserve in 1800, when there were not 
 fifty people, beside themselves on the whole domain of the Con- 
 necticut Land Company. Meshach Case was of Dutch descent, 
 and his wife the daughter of Leonard Eckstein, a German, who 
 fled to America from religious persecution in Nuremburg, where 
 he was imprisoned for his opinions. He was confined in a tower 
 80 feet high. His sister brought him a cake in which she had 
 baked a slender silk cord. This he let down at night and escaped 
 down the rope which his friends attached to it. To his grand- 
 children in America he showed his hands, still scarred from the 
 blisters made by the rope. 
 
 Owing to the serious illness of Meshach Case the care of 
 his family of eight children fell upon the shoulders of his eldest 
 son, Leonard Case, Senior, at the age of fourteen. Space does not 
 permit to tell of the varied activities of this city maker ; it must 
 suffice to say that when 21 he became confidential clerk of the 
 agent of the Connecticut Land Company, and twenty years later 
 was made agent of the company, which post he held for twenty- 
 eight years. No man had more to do with the development of 
 Cleveland, and he was the authority on land titles in the Western 
 Reserve. 
 
 William Case, elder son of Leonard Case, Senior, was a 
 great hunter, and with a coterie of naturalists made a collection 
 of a thousand birds and beasts which they killed, stuffed and 
 mounted. These they housed in a building known as "The Ark," 
 which stood on the site of the present Cleveland post office, close 
 to the public square. No birds or animals in Ohio or Michigan 
 were unknown to these men, who were called the "Arkites," and 
 John J. Audubon acknowledged his indebtedness to them. William 
 Case had a facility for drawing and painting in water colors that 
 enabled him to convey to the great naturalist the colors and forms 
 of newly discovered birds and other specimens of natural history. 
 He died in 1862, leaving uncompleted a fine building, which 
 included a music hall, library and a new home for "The Ark." 
 His father and brother completed this building, which stood on 
 the site now included in the enlarged post office. 
 
 This Case Library was the most delightful library I ever 
 had access to. The fee was nominal, one dollar a year, and the 
 approach to its treasures unrestricted. One wasted no time 
 
 48 
 
making" out slips and waiting for books. All were ready to your 
 hand, and I never heard of even the most valuable books being- 
 stolen. The Audubon volumes always lay on a great table in 
 front of the librarian's desk. In the new "Ark," housed in Room 
 19 in Case Hall, Leonard Case, Junior, spent many happy hours 
 in the congenial society of "The Arkites," a select group of 
 cultured men, leaders of the intellectual life of Cleveland. As 
 the chief city of the Western Reserve, Cleveland derived its char- 
 acter from New England and mainly from Connecticut. Its 
 first settlers, and a large portion of those who came later, were 
 people of education and intelligence. The institutions they built 
 up are of the same social and literary tendency as those of the 
 mother colony, and no small taste has been cultivated for science, 
 especially those branches of a practical character. 
 
 Judge Cleveland, from whose biographical address on the 
 founder of Case School I have gathered most of these partic- 
 ulars, was born in Connecticut, and was related to President 
 Cleveland and to General Moses Cleveland, of Canterbury, Con- 
 necticut, who in 1796 located the city of Cleveland. This was 
 while he was engaged in blocking into townships the Western 
 Reserve of Connecticut, which extended for over 100 miles along 
 the Ohio shore of Lake Erie, westward from the boundaries of 
 Pennsylvania. Cleveland was named in honor of General 
 Cleveland. 
 
 V) 
 
ANOTHER GREAT-GRANDSON OF CAPTAIN ABBEY 
 
 EDWIN ALDEN ABBEY, 1823^1893 
 
 DISPATCH RIDER IN THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 CROSSED THE PLAINS WITH KIT CARSON. A PIO- 
 NEER SETTLER OF OREGON, 1851. 
 
 SEAL AND INSCRIPTION IN FIRST HALF OF SECOND 
 SECTION OF NORTHWEST SEAT. 
 
 so 
 
EDWIN ALDEN ABBEY, 1823-1893 
 (Henry Gilbert Abbey's Brother) 
 
 In 1889, after an absence of 45 years, Air. Abbey returned 
 to the East to see his relatives. Straight, vigorous and muscular, 
 he did not look his sixty-six years. We had heard of his daring 
 in the Mexican War and questioned him about his life as a scout. 
 He thrilled us by his stories of night rides, when he was fre- 
 quently fired at, and he told how his horse would shy at the dead 
 bodies lying along the roadside. He was known in the West as 
 Kit Abbey, on account of his association with Kit Carson. 
 
 51 
 
CAPTAIN 
 
 ABBEY'S 
 
 GREAT^GREAT 
 
 GRANDSON 
 
 :, h. 
 
 i 
 
 HENRY ABBEY, 1862 
 
 MECHANICAL ENGINEER, STEVENS INSTITUTE 
 OF TECHNOLOGY, 1885. MARRIED SEPTEMBER, 1886, 
 REBECCA CONNELLY. SINCE 1906 IN MEXICO CITY 
 DURING ALL DISTURBANCES THERE. 
 
 SEAL AND 
 
 INSCRIPTION 
 
 IN SECOND 
 
 HALF OF SECOND 
 
 SECTION OF 
 NORTHWEST SEAT 
 
CAPTAIN 
 
 ABBEY'S 
 
 GREAT^GREAT. 
 
 GREATS 
 
 GRANDSON 
 
 LIEUT. HENRY ABBEY, Jr., U. S. A., 1887 
 
 MARRIED MAY 5, 1914, LUCRETIA MILLER, 
 DAUGHTER OF MAJOR CHARLES MILLER. U. S. A. 
 COMMANDED ADVANCE GUARD TENTH CAVALRY 
 IN MEXICO. SUSTAINED FIRST VILLA ATTACK AT 
 AGUASCALIENTES, APRIL 1, 1916, AND WITH 30 MEN 
 ROUTED 150 MEXICANS. 
 
 SEAL AND 
 INSCRIPTION 
 
 IN THIRD 
 
 SECTION OF 
 
 NORTHWEST SEAT 
 
 5 3 
 
NEGRO TROOPERS* VICTORY 
 
 How Thirty of Them Put to Flight 150 Bandits April 1 
 
 Pershing's Camp at Front, Mexico, April 7, by courier to 
 Columbus, New Mexico, April 14. — About thirty men of the 
 Tenth Cavalry, negroes, who were in the fight with Villa bandits 
 April 1 at Aguascalientes, arrived here to-day for rest and re- 
 outfitting. The men were sure they had killed more than the 
 three dead covered in the official report. Three times the Villa 
 forces, numbering about 150, attempted to ambush the advance 
 guards of the Tenth. Not more than three troops of the Tenth 
 participated in the fight, which lasted an hour and a half. 
 
 The Tenth was riding for Guerrero when they approached 
 the town of Aguascalientes. Nearing the top of a rise, the 
 advance guard was, without warning, subjected to volley fire, 
 coming simultaneously from both sides of the road. The Villa 
 men shooting at them were behind hills on either side. Troop E 
 of the Tenth was brought up at a trot, while Troop F went around 
 to flank the Villa bandits and drive them out of the hill. Troop 
 H was hurried forward. As E Troop rounded the hill at a gallop 
 it came within a minute's ride of the Villa forces on that side. 
 Some of the cavalrymen got so close that they used their pistols. 
 The moment the E Troop appeared the Villa bandits rode for 
 the side of a mountain overlooking the town. 
 
 "It was the steepest mountainside we have seen anybody 
 climbing,'' said one of the men today, "and they knew the trails 
 while we did not, but we went up after them. We went up on 
 our horses until they made a stand from behind rocks. The bullets 
 were whistling all around us, but they never hit one of us. They v 
 had a machine gun in action, too. We dismounted and returned 
 the fire. Then they ran farther up the mountain, with us after 
 them, until they made another stand. We opened fire on them 
 again, but they would not stand. At last they got away in the 
 steep trails which they knew, while we climbed rocks and fallen 
 tree trunks and fell behind." 
 
 The squadron in the Aguascalientes fight was commanded by 
 Colonel William C. Brown. Major Charles Young led the imme- 
 diate chase of the bandits. Lieutenant Henry Abbey, Jr., com- 
 manded the advance guard, which took the first Villa fire. 
 Lieutenant John Kennard commanded E Troop in the chase. — 
 New York Evening Post, April 14, 19 16. 
 
 54 
 
The colored cavalrymen of the Tenth Regiment have won 
 the name of "Hell on Horseback." They are absolutely fearless 
 and wonderfully well disciplined. 
 
 "When a country is at war there can be but two parties — 
 one for its life, the other for its death." — The zvovds of Cassius 
 M. Clay, when in 1846 lie volunteered for service in the zvar 
 against Mexico, of which he disapproved and had strenuously 
 opposed. 
 
 THE PRICE OF LIBERTY. 
 These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier 
 and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service 
 of his country ; but he that stands it now deserves the love and 
 thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily con- 
 quered ; yet we have this consolation with us that the harder the 
 conflict the more glorious the triumph ; what we obtain too cheap 
 we esteem too lightly ; 'tis dearness only that gives everything its 
 value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods ; 
 and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as freedom 
 should not be highly rated. — From "The Crisis," Thomas Paine, 
 December 23, ijj6. 
 
 WHAT IS OUR COUNTRY? 
 Not alone the land and the sea, the lakes and rivers, and 
 valleys and mountains — not alone the people, their customs and 
 laws — not alone the memories of the past, the hopes of the 
 future. It is something more than all these combined. It is a 
 divine abstraction. You cannot tell what it is, but let its flag 
 rustle above your head — you feel its living presence in your 
 hearts. They tell us that our country must die ; that the sun and 
 stars will look upon the great Republic no more ; that already the 
 black eagles of despotism are gathering in our political sky ; that 
 even now king and emperors are casting lots for the garments 
 of our national glory. It shall not be. — Newton Booth, eleventh 
 Governor of California and United States Senator. 
 
 NOBLESSE OBLIGE. 
 If there ever was a time, this is the hour for Americans 
 to rouse themselves and exert every ability. Their all is at hazard 
 and the die of fate spins doubtful ! In vain do we trace magna- 
 nimity and heroism ; in vain do we trace a descent from the 
 worthies of the earth, if we inherit not the spirit of our ancestors. 
 — Josiah Q.uincy, October 3, 1768. 
 
 55 
 
OLD MORTALITY 
 
 As I approached this deserted mansion of the dead, the chink 
 of a hammer was distinctly heard. I saw Old Mortality engaged 
 in his daily task of cleaning and repairing the ornaments and 
 epitaphs upon the tomb. The old man was seated upon the monu- 
 ment and busily employed in deepening with his chisel the letters 
 of the inscription. 
 
 During a period of nearly thirty years the pious enthusiast 
 wandered about, but regulated his circuit so as annually to visit 
 the graves of the unfortunate Covenanters, who suffered by the 
 sword, or by the executioner, during the reigns of the two last 
 monarchs of the Stuart line. Their tombs are often apart from 
 human habitation, in the remote moors and wilds to which the 
 wanderers had fled for concealment. But wherever they existed, 
 Old Mortality was sure to visit them when his annual round 
 brought them within his reach, cleaning the moss from the gray 
 stones, renewing with his chisel the half-defaced inscriptions, and 
 repairing the emblems of death with which these simple monu- 
 ments are usually adorned. 
 
 Motives of the most sincere devotion induced the old man 
 to dedicate so many years of existence to perform this tribute 
 to the memory of the deceased warriors of the church. He 
 considered himself, as fulfilling a sacred duty, while renewing to 
 the eyes of posterity the decaying emblems of the zeal and suffer- 
 ings of their forefathers, and thereby trimming, as it were, the 
 beacon-light, which was to warn future generations to defend 
 their religion even unto blood. To talk of the exploits of the 
 Covenanters was the delight, as to repair their monuments was 
 the business, of his life. 
 
 — Prom "Old Mortality," bv Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 56 
 
FACSIMILE OF 
 AUTOGRAPH 
 OF CAPTAIN 
 
 THOMAS ABBEY 
 
Explanation of the Inscriptions and 
 Seals on the Seats 
 
 The inscriptions enumerate the immediate ancestors and de- 
 scendants of Captain Abbey, from the first immigrant of the name 
 down to the present day, nine generations in all. Also included 
 are the names of the best known members of the family who 
 settled in Windham, Connecticut. On the seats behind the statue 
 are inscriptions which describe the forebears of Captain Abbey ; 
 while the statue faces inscriptions telling of the lives of five 
 generations of his descendants down to the year 1916. 
 
 THE SPELLING OF THE NAME ABBEY. 
 Most of the Windham Abbes cling to the old spelling of the 
 name, which also prevails in Enfield today. Captain Abbey him- 
 self spelled his name with the "y," as is proven by his autograph 
 reproduced here from page 148 of the second volume of Trum- 
 bull's "History of Hartford County, Conn." His sons, Thomas, 
 Peter and Simeon (grandfather of Westminster Abbey of New 
 York), in the announcement of the dissolution of their partnership 
 printed in the Hartford "Courant" of June 17, 1793, spelled the 
 name Abbey. The obituary notice of Captain Abbey's widow in 
 the "Courant" of January 18, 1818, also spells the name Abbey. 
 The line which is recorded in this memorial has spelled the name 
 Abbey for six generations consecutively, which seems to justify 
 the spelling on the memorial. 
 
 "THE GENEALOGY OF THE ABBE FAMILY." 
 All of the Abbe or Abbey name or descent are in the debt 
 of that member of the family who has most distinguished the name 
 in the field of science. I refer to the eminent astronomer and 
 meteorologist, Professor Cleveland Abbe, so widely known as 
 "Old Probabilities." Throughout his long and busy life he has 
 made more extensive researches into the history of the family 
 than any other member. With the able assistance of Josephine 
 Genung Nichols (Mrs. L Nelson Nichols, of 1915 D.ilv Ave . The 
 Bronx, New York City), these labors are about to bear fruit 
 in the publication of "The Genealogy of the Abbe Family." 
 
 William L. Weaver, editor of the Willimantic "Journal," in 
 his genealogical "History of Ancient Windham, Ct.," published 
 in 1864, records that Mr. Abbe was at that time connected with 
 the U. S. Coast Survey and acknowledges his assistance in these 
 
 58 
 
words : "We are under many obligations to Mr. Cleveland Abbe 
 for facts and records respecting the Abbes. He very generously 
 paid the expense of a thorough search of the early records of 
 Salem and Wenham, and all the descendants of John Abbe, Sen., 
 of Wenham, are under lasting obligations to him for his contri- 
 butions to their genealogy." 
 
 It would take a larger volume than this to properly record 
 the incalculably great services to our country and the world which 
 Professor Abbe has rendered since those words were written 
 fifty-two years ago. The success of his pioneer work in storm 
 warnings at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1869, led to the establishment 
 of the U. S. Weather Bureau in 1870. In 1871 he took the 
 initiative in establishing ocean meteorology and the display of 
 cautionary signals, and in 1872 the prediction of floods in rivers. 
 In 1879 he began the agitation for standard time, which in five 
 years gave to America, and later to the world, the standard hour 
 meridians now used. In 1882 he inaugurated civil service exam- 
 inations in meteorology, and in 1884 took the first step in the 
 formation of the American Society of Electrical Engineers. He 
 initiated special observations in rainfall, electricity, earthquakes, 
 the use of balloons in meteorological observations and co-operation 
 in international polar explorations, to mention only a few of the 
 activities of this great scientist, who at the annual session of the 
 National Academy of Sciences, in April, 1916, was awarded a 
 medal "for distinguished public service in establishing and organ- 
 izing the United States weather service." 
 
 "Why found new colleges and universities to teach what is 
 already taught elsewhere? Exploration is the order of the day. 
 Give us first the means to increase knowledge, to explore nature 
 and to bring out new truths. Let us perfect knowledge before 
 we diffuse it among mankind." — Cleveland Abbe, August, 1880, 
 before the American Association for the Advancement of Science 
 
 FIRST CHILD BORN IN ENFIELD. 
 
 The inscriptions record much of the early life of Enfield. 
 They tell that the town was founded by Captain John Pease, 
 1654-1734, and that he was the father of the first child born here 
 in 1683. This was Margaret Pease, who married Josiah Colton 
 and lived to be 92 years old. The first boy born in Enfield was, 
 as already mentioned, Isaac Kibbe, father of the Isaac Kibbe 
 who built the meeting house which is now the town hall. 
 
 59 
 
FIRST NATIVE PHYSICIAN OF ENFIELD. 
 Dr. Ebenezer Terry, 1696-1/80, was the first native physician 
 of Enfield. He practiced for a number of years in South King- 
 ston, Rhode Island, where he married Mary Helme, great-grand- 
 daughter of Sergeant Christopher Helme, of Warwick, Rhode 
 Island, who died in 1650. Dr. Terry returned to Enfield in 1722, 
 and at one time represented the town in the General Court of 
 Massachusetts. Enfield did not become a part of Connecticut 
 until 1750. 
 
 ENFIELD'S FIRST WOMAN DOCTOR. 
 Dr. Terry's daughter, Penelope Terry, 1729-30-1818, as her 
 father's pupil and assistant in the practice of his profession, was 
 a forerunner of the women physicians of today. In her obituary, 
 already referred to, the Hartford "Courant" states that she prac- 
 ticed for thirty-three years and was present at the birth of 1,389 
 children. She welcomed into life a whole generation of the 
 inhabitants of this town, and is as worthy of commemoration for 
 her good works as her husband, Captain Abbey, the subject of 
 this memorial. She was the mother of eleven children, and left 
 forty-five grandchildren, fifty-two great-grandchildren and two 
 great-great-grandchildren. A total of 104 descendants of herself 
 and Captain Abbey were living at the time of her death, January 
 2, 1818. 
 
 FIRST MARRIAGE IN ENFIELD. 
 The first marriage in Enfield was that of Captain Samuel 
 Terry, 1661-1730-31, to Hannah Morgan, 1656-1696-7, daughter 
 of Captain Miles Morgan, defender of Springfield against the 
 Indians in 1675. This marriage, celebrated on May 17, 1683, 
 links Enfield to Springfield, where Captain Morgan's statue stands 
 in Court House Square. 
 
 MORGAN MEMORIAL. 
 
 Another of Captain Morgan's descendants links Springfield 
 and Enfield to Hartford, where the late John Pierpont Morgan, 
 1837-1913, erected the splendid memorial to his father, Junius 
 Spencer Morgan, which is the chief ornament of the city. 
 
 Also recorded in the inscriptions is John Alden, of the 
 Mayflower. The Alden family is already commemorated in 
 Enfield by Alden's Corner, at the north end of Enfield street, 
 just as the Allen family is commemorated at the south end by 
 Allen's Corner. 
 
 60 
 
STATUE OF MILES MORGAN AT SPRINGFIELD 
 
 J. SCOTT HARTLEY. Sculptor 
 
 MORGAN MEMORIAL GALLERY IN HARTFORD 
 
"Lost Causes" in American History 
 
 Through the perspective of years one gets a more correct 
 picture of events than at the time they occurred. In the passage 
 of time passions cool and it is possible to see both sides of a 
 conflict in a less vivid but truer light than was possible to the 
 combatants themselves. It is for these reasons, as well as to 
 give balance and variety to this narrative of a family, that along 
 with the causes which were successful have been included those 
 which failed, and these "Lost Causes" are illustrated in several 
 of the seals. 
 
 THE NEW ENGLAND INDIANS. 
 
 For example, the portrait of King Philip commemorates a 
 native American who endured the encroachments of the white 
 settlers until goaded to desperation. After two centuries had 
 elapsed historians perceived that this Indian chief was in realitv 
 a patriot like the Belgians of today, contending for the inde- 
 pendence of his country, a great ruler and, like the King of the 
 Belgians, a valiant leader in war. In his summons to the 
 aboriginal lords of New England, Pometacon, as the chief of the 
 Wampanoags was called in the Indian tongue, put the case of 
 the Indian in these words : 
 
 "The English who came first to this country were but a 
 handful of people, forlorn, poor and distressed. My father, 
 Massasoit, did all in his power to serve them. Their numbers 
 increased. My father's councilors were alarmed. They urged 
 him to destroy the English before they became strong enough 
 to give law to the Indians and take away their country. My 
 father was also the father to the English. We remained their 
 friend. Experience shows that his councilors were right. The 
 English disarmed my people. They tried them by their laws 
 and assessed damages my people could not pay. Sometimes the 
 cattle of the English would come into the cornfields of my people, 
 for they did not make fences like the English. I must then be 
 seized and confined till I sold another tract of my country for 
 damages and costs. Thus tract after tract is gone. But a small 
 part of the dominion of my ancestors remains. I am determined 
 not to live until I have no country." 
 
 It was truly said that King Philip was "broad-browed and 
 noble-minded." His chief aid was Canonchet, chief of the Narra- 
 
 62 
 
gansetts. Those two were men of truly royal pride. When 
 summoned before the English Governor King Philip replied to his 
 messenger as follows : 
 
 "Your governor is but a subject of King Charles of England. 
 I shall not treat with a subject. I shall only treat with the King, 
 my brother. When he comes I am ready !" 
 
 Is not this the same royal spirit that Shakespeare shows us 
 in Queen Katherine when in the trial scene in "King Henry VIII." 
 she says to Cardinal Wolsey : 
 
 "I do refuse you for my judge ; and here, 
 Before you all, appeal unto the Pope !" 
 
 Miles Morgan gallantly defended Springfield against the on- 
 slaught of King Philip on October 5, 1675, and the first Thomas 
 Abbey was wounded in the great fight in the Narragansett swamp 
 on December 19 of the same year. The capture of this fort, 
 where the Indians made their last stand, finally destroyed their 
 power in New England. 
 
 The American Indian has indelibly stamped himself upon the 
 American continent by the picturesque names which he gave to 
 lakes, rivers and mountains all over our broad land, and which 
 also survive in the names of States and cities and counties. This 
 thought is particularly well expressed in the following stanzas by 
 Lydia Huntley Sigourney : 
 
 Indian Names. 
 Ye say they all have passed away, 
 
 That noble race and brave ; 
 That their light canoes have vanished 
 
 From off the crested wave ; 
 That mid the forests where they roamed 
 
 There rings no hunter's shout ; 
 But their name is on your waters, 
 
 Ye may not wash it out. 
 
 'Tis where Ontario's billow 
 
 Like ocean's surge is curl'd, 
 Where strong Niagara's thunders wake 
 
 The echo of the world, 
 Where red Missouri bringeth 
 
 Rich tribute from the west, 
 And Rappahannock sweetly sleeps 
 
 On green Virginia's breast. 
 
 63 
 
Ye say their conelike cabins 
 
 That clustered o'er the vale 
 Have disappeared, as wither'd leaves 
 
 Before the autumn's gale; 
 But their memory liveth on your hills, 
 
 Their baptism on your shore ; 
 Your everlasting rivers speak 
 
 Their dialect of yore. 
 
 Old Massachusetts wears it 
 
 Within her lordly crown, 
 And broad Ohio bears it 
 
 Amid his young renown. 
 Connecticut hath wreath'd it 
 
 Where her foliage waves, 
 And bold Kentucky breathes it hoarse 
 
 Through all her ancient caves. 
 
 Wachusett hides its lingering voice 
 
 Within his rocky heart, 
 And Alleghany graves its tone 
 
 Throughout his lofty chart. 
 Monadnock, on his forehead hoar 
 
 Doth seal the sacred trust. 
 Your mountains build their monument 
 
 Though you destroy their dust. 
 
 THE VASSALL FAMILY 
 
 The Vassall coat of arms commemorates a distinguished 
 colonial family which was unflinchingly loyal to the British crown 
 during the American Revolution. The seven mansions still stand- 
 ing in Brattle street, Cambridge, known as "Tory Row," which 
 include the home of the poet Longfellow and "Elmwood," the 
 birthplace of James Russell Lowell, were in 1774 the homes of 
 the Vassall family. 
 
 In that year the Vassalls altered their family motto from 
 Saepe pro rcge, semper pro republica, which they had splendidly 
 exemplified against Charles I. in the English Civil War, to Semper 
 pro rege, and proceeded just as gallantly to live up to the revised 
 version. In consequence the entire family was exiled and their 
 estates confiscated. After their return to England in 1776 
 members of the family distinguished themselves in the British 
 army and navy. 
 
 •64 
 
" ELMWOOD," CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 
 The home of Thomas Oliver, last royal lieutenant-governor of Massa- 
 chusetts, whose wife was Elizabeth Vassall, sister to Col. John Vassall, 
 who in turn married Elizabeth Oliver, sister to the lieutenant-governor. 
 
 LONGFELLOW HOUSE AT CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 
 
 Washington's Headquarters at Cambridge, Mass. "The tent of Mars 
 
 and the home of Muses." Built by Col. John Vassall in 1 759. 
 
 65 
 
Colonel Spencer Vassall was mortally wounded in South 
 America while charging at the head of his regiment at the storm- 
 ing of Montevideo in Uruguay, when it was captured by the 
 British in 1807. His bravery is commemorated by a monument 
 in St. Paul's Church in Bristol, England, and by the augmented 
 arms granted to his son, Sir Spencer Lambert Vassall, captain in 
 the Royal Navy, who was knighted in 1838. This augmentation 
 shows the breached bastion of a fortress with the words "Monte 
 Video" and a new motto, "Every bullet has its billet," recording 
 the heroic death of his father. Colonel Spencer Vassall was the 
 son of Colonel John Vassall, 1738-1797, who, in the summer of 
 1774, was driven by a mob from his Cambridge home. In less 
 than a year the house was occupied by General Washington as 
 his military headquarters. 
 
 THF VASSALLS AND THE WASHINGTONS 
 
 A curious comparison may be made between the Vassall and 
 Washington families. From evidence now available it appears 
 that the Washingtons, prior to coming to America, were royalists 
 in every branch, with no sympathy for Cromwell and his ad- 
 herents ; while in America, on the contrary, they furnished the 
 head and front of the greatest and most successful revolution 
 against the authority of the British crown in George Washington, 
 a man of wealth and social standing in the colonies second only 
 to Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. 
 
 The Vassall family, on the other hand, furnished the pioneer 
 revolutionist of wealth against the authority of King Charles. 
 Samuel Vassall was probably the largest ship-owner of his day 
 and was the first who refused to pay the tax of tonnage and 
 poundage. xA.s a result, his property was seized and he himself 
 thrown into prison for sixteen years by the Star Chamber Court. 
 In 1641 the Long Parliament voted him over ten thousand pounds 
 damages and resolved that he should be further recompensed for 
 his personal suffering, but this was never paid. Notwithstanding, 
 when the Parliamentary Party was in its greatest straits during 
 the Civil War, this dauntless man repeatedly loaned sums of 
 money to Parliament and also placed his ships at its disposal, 
 among those thus employed being the famous "Mayflower." Later, 
 when the Commonwealth was established, he headed a subscrip- 
 tion list with £1,200 to carry on the war in Ireland. 
 
 This bold and self-reliant man never came to America, al- 
 though he was interested in the launching of the Rhode Island 
 
 66 
 
VASSALL MONUMENT IN KING'S CHAPEL, BOSTON 
 On entering the church this monument stands on the left against the 
 
 rear wall. The head of Samuel Vassall 
 ment of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. 
 
 turned toward the monU' 
 
 67 
 
Colony, being associated in that enterprise with Oliver Cromwell, 
 Sir Harry Vane and other fellow members of Parliament. He 
 and his brother William were both named as assistants to the 
 governor in the charter of Massachusetts Bay Colony, and William 
 Vassall, who was our ancestor, came to Boston with Governor 
 Winthrop in the "Arabella." Like all of the name, William 
 Vassall, 1592-1655, was devotedly attached to the Episcopal 
 church. He settled in Scituate, but in 1634, provoked by the 
 persecution to which the Episcopalians were subjected, he returned 
 to England. Later he went to Barbadoes and died there. His 
 son, Captain John Vassall, sold the Scituate estate in 1661, but 
 the daughters married and remained in this country. Our an- 
 cestress, Frances Vassall, born in England in 1623, married James 
 Adams, of Scituate, son of John Adams of the "Fortune," July 
 16, 1646. Savage states that, as the daughter of an original 
 patentee who had probably received nothing for his money 
 advanced to the colony, she received from the General Court in 
 1672 a grant of 150 acres. She was the mother of Margaret 
 Adams, 1654-1737, who married John Pease, the founder of 
 Enfield, and became the mother of the first child born here. 
 
 In King's Chapel, Boston, stands the quaint baroque monu- 
 ment of Samuel Vassall, which was erected in 1766 by his great- 
 grandson, Florentius Vassall, of the Island of Jamaica, whose 
 granddaughter and heiress was the celebrated Lady Holland, for 
 over forty years the mistress of Holland House in London. The 
 monument is constructed of colored marbles and adorned with 
 a bust and the arms of the Vassall family, granted by Queen 
 Elizabeth to John Vassall, father of Samuel and William, on 
 account of his services against the Spanish Armada. 
 
 HOMES OF THE COLONIAL DAYS 
 
 Samuel's son, John Vassall, settled in Jamaica in the West 
 Indies, but the latter's son, Major Leonard Vassall, lived in 
 Boston, where, in 1727, he built a beautiful home in Summer 
 street. This was the famous "Wayte Garden," fully described 
 in the New England Genealogical and Historical Register for 
 January, 1871, in an interesting article of fifteen pages under the 
 title "A Home of the Olden Time." The site is mentioned as 
 "the garden of Gamaliel Wayte" in the Boston "Book of Posses- 
 sions," which resembles the Domesday Book in England. The 
 house had a frontage of over 100 feet, with nine windows and two 
 
 68 
 
doors below and eleven windows above. It stood three stories 
 toward the street and had luthern or dormer windows in a 
 gambrel roof. The ceilings were lofty and it had a richly wrought 
 mahogany staircase leading to the third floor. The mahogany 
 was brought from the Vassall estates in Jamaica. At about the 
 same period Leonard Vassall also built for himself a summer 
 home at Braintree (now Quincy), in which the parlor is paneled 
 in mahogany from the same West Indian forests. Later this 
 house became the home of the Adams family which gave two 
 presidents to the United States. 
 
 Leonard Vassall's Boston home had a garden vista 300 feet 
 long. A poet of the period speaks of the "baronial courtyard," 
 paved with blue and white stones in a fanciful pattern, the flower 
 beds edged with box and the luxuriant growth of roses, syringa, 
 honeysuckle and snowdrops, the octagon summer house at the 
 far end;, of the garden, and a series of six arcades filled with 
 panel work to correspond with the facade of the great stable, 
 These details are interesting as illustrating the comfort and even 
 luxury which our forefathers provided for themselves within a 
 century after the first settlements were made in New England. 
 This house was a typical, but not exceptional, New England home 
 of the period. We are more apt to associate such a mode of living 
 with Virginia than with New England. While many of the more 
 substantial families of Virginia embraced the patriot cause, the 
 chief proprietors of New England remained loyalists. Of course, 
 the "Wayte Garden" house has long since disappeared, but the 
 Vassall houses in Cambridge and Quincy are still standing, as 
 well as the Royall house in Medford. This was built in 1732 by 
 Isaac Royall, whose daughter Penelope in 1742 married Colonel 
 Henry Vassall, a son of Leonard Vassall. 
 
 On a knoll at the rear of the Royall house stood a summer 
 house of great historical interest. Within its walls General John 
 Stark, who made the Royall mansion his headquarters during 
 the siege of Boston, together with General Lee, General Sullivan 
 and others, planned the battle of Bunker Hill. Later Washington 
 held councils here with his generals. It had previously been a 
 favorite trysting place with the British officers, and many ro- 
 mances are connected with it. It was here that Henry Vassall 
 wooed Penelope Royall and Sir William Pepperell here won 
 Elizabeth Royall. 
 
 Further particulars of the Vassall family may be found in 
 another article in the New England Historical and Genealogical 
 
 69 
 
Register, volume XVII., page 56, entitled "The Vassalls of New 
 England," by Edward Doubleday Harris. Leonard Vassall had 
 seventeen children by his first wife, Ruth Gale, of Jamaica; by 
 his second wife, Phebe Gross, he had one daughter. In 1730 he 
 became instrumental in the founding of Trinity Church in Boston, 
 the original edifice being located opposite his Summer street home. 
 His son, Colonel John Vassall, married in 1734 Elizabeth Phips, 
 daughter of Lieutenant-Governor Spencer Phips and granddaugh- 
 ter of the celebrated Sir William Phips, conqueror of Port Royal 
 and governor of Massachusetts. Colonel Vassall lived for a time 
 
 TOMB OF 
 
 COLONEL 
 
 JOHN VASSALL 
 
 17134747 
 
 In Christ Churchyard 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 nearly opposite the present Longfellow house in Brattle street, 
 Cambridge, in the Belcher or Batchelder house, which he sold to 
 his brother Henry in 1741. The elder brother, Colonel John 
 Vassall, erected a monument in the graveyard of Christ Church 
 in Cambridge, opposite the Harvard campus. Through the courtesy 
 of a descendant of the Vassall family, Mrs. Cora E. Morgan, of 
 Buffalo, N. Y. (who is also a descendant of Abigail Abbey, the 
 elder sister of Captain Abbey, and wife of John Ward, who 
 marched to Boston with the Enfield company), I am able to show 
 a photograph of his tomb, now falling into decay after standing 
 
 70 
 
THE ROYALL SUMMtR HOUSE 
 
 in which the Battle of Bunker Hill was planned 
 
 I See page 69) 
 
 ROYALL HOUSE AT MHDFORD, MASS. 
 
 The building at the left is the slave quarters, said to be the only slave quarters still 
 
 standing in New England. 
 
 71 
 
for 170 years. The massive freestone slab is inscribed with the 
 Vassall arms and rests on five columns. Here Colonel Vassall 
 was buried in 1747. He was graduated at Harvard in 1732; his 
 brother Lewis in 1728, and William in 1733. It was the last- 
 named brother who protested by proxy against the ordination of 
 Rev. James Freeman (grandfather of James Freeman Clarke) 
 in King's Chapel in 1785, and also against the change in the 
 liturgy from the Episcopal to the Unitarian rite. His youngest 
 son, Nathaniel, became a captain in the British navy. There were 
 four other Vassalls graduated at Harvard, one of whom was the 
 son of the Colonel Vassall buried in this tomb. This second 
 Colonel John Vassall was born in 1738, married Elizabeth Oliver, 
 sister of the last royal lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, was 
 exiled in 1776, as already related, and, although his estates in 
 Massachusetts were confiscated, lived in comfort on the revenues 
 from his Jamaica estates until his death at Clifton, England, in 
 1797. 
 
 Leonard Vassall, of the "Wayte Garden" house, had a brother 
 William born in Jamaica. William's son was Florentius Vassall, 
 1710-1779, who in 1766 erected the monument to his great-grand- 
 father, Samuel Vassall, in King's Chapel, Boston. His son, 
 Richard Vassall, 1731-2-1795, married Mary Clark, daughter of 
 Thomas Clark, of New York. They had one child, Elizabeth 
 Vassall, 1770-1845, whose second husband was Lord Holland, 
 the English statesman. Mrs. Richard Vassall, after the death of 
 her husband, married Sir Gilbert Affleck, second baronet, of 
 Dalham Hall, Suffolk, and died in 1836, aged 86. 
 
 72 
 
Reception of the American Loyalists by Great 
 Britain in 1 783 
 
 From the painting by Benjamin West. At the head of the 
 loyalists stands Sir William Pepperell, Baronet, grandson of the 
 conqueror of Louisburg, upon whom was conferred the only 
 baronetcy ever granted to a native of New England. Next to 
 Pepperell stands William Franklin, last royal governor of New 
 Jersey and son of Benjamin Franklin. At the right hand stands 
 the artist, who succeeded Sir Joshua Reynolds as president of the 
 Royal Academy, together with his wife, both natives of Pennsyl- 
 vania. It is gratifying to Americans to know that Benjamin West 
 declined the knighthood which was offered him by George III. 
 
 73 
 
A Crucial But Forgotten Episode of the Revo- 
 lution and Its Significance on 
 Its 142nd Anniversary 
 
 In his "Life of Thomas Paine," Moncure D. Conway says 
 that the loyalists of the American revolution have never had 
 justice done them. This I believe is true. Consider for a 
 moment the case of Thomas Oliver, 1733-1815, mentioned above. 
 All accounts agree that he was a man of most benevolent dispo- 
 sition and great courtesy. He was graduated at Harvard in 1753, 
 married Elizabeth Vassall, sister of the Colonel Vassall who 
 built the Longfellow house in Cambridge, and lived in great 
 retirement at Elmwood, later the birthplace of James Russell 
 Lowell. This mild-tempered, retiring gentleman was forced into 
 the limelight of an arduous and unpleasant publicity through the 
 offices conferred upon him by George III. The position of 
 lieutenant-governor was an office clearly within the gift of the 
 king, but his appointment to a seat in the council was not the 
 king's prerogative, as, according to the royal charter, the position 
 was subject to the election of the colonists. 
 
 On September 2, 1774, his home was the scene of one of 
 the most dramatic episodes of the revolution. Early in the day 
 a committee of landowners from neighboring towns appeared in 
 Cambridge. They told the lieutenant-governor that they "came 
 peaceably to inquire into their grievances, not with design to hurt 
 any man," and went their way. Oliver hastened to Boston and 
 secured the promise of the governor, General Gage, that no troops 
 would be sent. This action of Thomas Oliver undoubtedly fore- 
 stalled bloodshed on this occasion, and but for his non-combative 
 nature and conciliatory manner, it is probable that the actual 
 hostilities of the revolution would have begun on September 2, 
 1774, at Cambridge, instead of over seven months later at Lex- 
 ington. 
 
 On the afternoon of the same day a crowd of 4,000 sur- 
 rounded Elmwood, of whom 1,000 bore arms. They demanded 
 Oliver's resignation from the council. Forced by threats and 
 the appeals of his family, he signed a paper under duress. The 
 original committee did not invade his property, and endeavored 
 to protect him from the insults of those who bore arms. Two 
 other members of the illegal council and the sheriff and clerk of 
 the county were, by like measures, induced to sign resignations. 
 
 74 
 
A full account of this extraordinary occasion will be found in the 
 second volume of Sabine's "Loyalists," page 129 to 135. Pro- 
 scribed and banished and his estates confiscated, Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor Oliver, like most of the wealthy and influential loyalists, 
 later felt the pinch of poverty and died in exile in England. 
 
 One hundred and forty-two years later, while I am writing 
 these words, on September 2, 1916, the Congress of the United 
 States is passing the eight-hour law for railway workers, forced 
 thereto today by the same bold spirit manifested by American 
 workingmen which animated their forebears in 1774. It is to be 
 hoped that the railway magnates will take warning by the sad 
 plight and unhappy fate of the loyalists of 1774 and yield grace- 
 fully to the inevitable march of democracy toward a more 
 equitable distribution of wealth. In the discussion of the eight- 
 hour law it would be well, especially for members of the Repub- 
 lican party, to recall the words of their great leader, President 
 Lincoln, in his first annual message to Congress on December 3, 
 1861: 
 
 "In my present position I should scarcely be justified were I 
 to omit raising a warning voice against this approach of returning 
 despotism. It is the effort to place capital on an equal footing, 
 if not above, labor, in the structure of government. Labor is 
 prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only the fruit of 
 labor and could not have existed if labor had not first existed. 
 Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher 
 consideration. Let the working people beware of surrendering 
 a political power which they already possess, and which, if sur- 
 rendered, will surely be used to shut the door of advancement 
 for such as they, and fix new disabilities and burdens upon them 
 until all of liberty is lost." 
 
 The sentiments of Lincoln regarding capital and labor are 
 probably not more acceptable to railway presidents in 1916 than 
 they were when Lincoln gave utterance to them in 1861 ; but as he 
 himself said : "I have said nothing but what I am willing to live 
 by, and, if need be, to die by," and if ever man "gave the last 
 full measure of devotion" to his ideas that man was Abraham 
 Lincoln. 
 
 75 
 
Lincoln on the Declaration of Independence* 
 
 (Address in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, on Washington's 
 Birthday, 1861. Lincoln was on his way to Washington to be inau- 
 gurated as President. Only a few hours previous he had been informed 
 by Allan Pinkerton of the plot to assassinate him in the railway sta- 
 tion at Baltimore on February 23. Bear in mind that Lincoln had just 
 learned that eight men had drawn lots to kill him on the following- 
 day.) 
 
 All the political sentiments I entertain have been drawn from 
 the sentiments which originated, and were given to the world, 
 from this hall. I have never had a feeling politically that did 
 not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of 
 Independence. I have often pondered over the dangers which 
 were incurred by the men who assembled here and framed and 
 adopted the Declaration of Independence. I have pondered over 
 the toils that were endured by the officers and soldiers of the 
 army which achieved that independence. I have often inquired 
 what great principle it was that kept this confederacy so long 
 together. It was not the mere matter of the separation of the 
 colonies from the mother land, but that sentiment in the Declara- 
 tion of Independence which gave liberty, not alone to the people of 
 this country, but, I hope, to the world for all future time. It was 
 that which gave promise that in due time the weights would be 
 lifted from the shoulders of all men and that all should have an 
 equal chance. This is the sentiment embodied in the Declaration 
 of Independence. 
 
 Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon this basis? 
 If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the 
 world if I can help to save it. If it cannot be saved upon that 
 principle it will be truly awful. But if this country cannot be 
 saved without giving up this principle, I would rather be assassin- 
 ated on this spot than surrender it. 
 
 76 
 
THE CAUSE OF STATES RIGHTS 
 
 Another "Lost Cause" is represented by the shield of the 
 Confederacy with its reproduction of Thomas Crawford's statue 
 of George Washington. When the statue arrived in Virginia the 
 people of Richmond in their enthusiasm dragged it by hand to 
 Capitol Hill. Mr. Crawford died in 1857, and his widow, a sister 
 of Julia W'ard Howe, in 1861 married Luther Terry, the artist, 
 who painted the famous signboard of the Abbe Inn at Enfield. 
 
 THE ABBE INN AND TEA ROOM AT ENFIELD 
 
 The signboard was painted by Luther Terry, the artist, step- 
 father of Marion Crawford, the novelist. It was retouched in 
 1866 by Mr. Terry's nephew, Luther Terry Knight. On the 
 reverse side from the American eagle the Britis'h lion is depicted 
 in chains. The Abbe House, now kept by Mr. and Mrs. William 
 A. Abbe, has been in Mr. Abbe's family for generations. It was 
 built by Peter Reynolds Field, is said to be 125 years old and has 
 always been a tavern. 
 
 77 
 
THE MEXICAN QUESTION 
 
 The coat-of-arms of Mexico recalls the defeat of that country 
 by the United States in 1848. How unfortunate for the people 
 of that unhappy land that our government did not hold all that 
 we then won by force of arms. In the 68 years that have elapsed 
 since then, can anyone doubt that Mexico, as a territory of the 
 United States, would have developed into another Texas or 
 California under the same conditions? By the same token, does 
 it not seem uncharitable to relinquish the Philippines? Left to 
 their own resources and devices, I fear the Filipinos are likely 
 to relapse into even worse barbarism than the Mexicans, if, as 
 they would be quite unable to defend themselves, they are not, 
 like the Coreans, speedily seized and exploited by the Japanese. 
 As we have taken up the white man's burden in the Far East, 
 it seems ungenerous to abandon the little brown men either to 
 the Japanese or to their own present incompetence. 
 
 PRESIDENT WILSON ON MEXICO. 
 
 I feel impelled to quote the following passages on the Mexi- 
 can situation from the President's speech at Shadow Lawn, New 
 Jersey, on September 2, 1916, because it seems to me not only 
 a clean-cut statement of facts and a complete exposition of the 
 principles of a new and higher diplomacy than the world has yet 
 known, but also because in these sentences we have one of the 
 most eloquent and impassioned speeches in our language. If the 
 speakers of antiquity surpassed it I do not know in which of the 
 most famous orations that have been handed down to us. Cer- 
 tainly never before has an American President had the moral 
 courage to let himself go as in this speech, and the power, sincerity 
 and simplicity of a great soul vibrate in every line. Most con- 
 vincing is the sentence : "Mistakes I have made in this per- 
 plexing business, but not in purpose." A lesser man would have 
 said : "If I have made mistakes." 
 
 "the: new freedom" in diplomacy. 
 While Europe was at war our own continent, one of our 
 own neighbors, was shaken by revolution. In that matter, too, 
 principle was plain, and it was imperative that we should live up 
 to it if we were to deserve the trust of any real partisan of the 
 right as free men see it. We have professed to believe, and we 
 do believe, that the people of small and weak states have the 
 
 78 
 
right to expect to be dealt with exactly as the people of big and 
 powerful states would be. We have acted upon that principle 
 in dealing with the people of Mexico. 
 
 PURSUIT OP BANDITS. 
 
 Our recent pursuit of bandits into Mexican territory was no 
 violation of that principle. We ventured to enter Mexican ter- 
 ritory only because there were no military forces in Mexico that 
 could protect our border from hostile attack and our own people 
 from violence, and we have committed there no single act of 
 hostility or interference even with the sovereign authority of the 
 Republic of Mexico herself. It was a plain case of the violation 
 of our own sovereignty which could not wait to be vindicated by 
 damages and for which there was no other remedy. The authori- 
 ties of Mexico were powerless to prevent it. 
 
 Many serious wrongs against the property, many irreparable 
 wrongs against the persons, of Americans have been committed 
 within the territory of Mexico herself during this confused 
 revolution, wrongs which could not be effectually checked so long 
 as there was no constituted power in Mexico which was in a 
 position to check them. We could not act directly in that mat- 
 ter ourselves without denying Mexicans the right to any revolu- 
 tion at all which disturbed us and making the emancipation of 
 her own people await our own interest and convenience. 
 
 For it is their emancipation that they are seeking — blindly, 
 it may be, and as yet ineffectually, but with profound and pas- 
 sionate purpose and within their unquestionable right, apply 
 what true American principle you will — any principle that an 
 American would publicly avow. 
 
 OUTSIDERS IN MEXICO. 
 
 The people of Mexico have not been suffered to own their 
 own country or direct their own institutions. Outsiders, men out 
 of other nations and with interests too often alien to their own, 
 have dictated what their privileges and opportunities should be 
 and who should control their land, their lives and their resources — 
 some of them Americans, pressing for things they could never 
 have got in their own country. The Mexican people are entitled 
 to attempt their liberty from such influences ; and so long as I 
 have anything to do with the action of our great government I 
 shall do everything in my power to prevent any one standing in 
 their way. I know that this is hard for some persons to under- 
 
 79 
 
stand; but it is not hard for the plain people of the United 
 States to understand. It is hard doctrine only for those who 
 wish to get something for themselves out of Mexico. There are 
 men, and noble women, too, not a few, of our own people, thank 
 God ! whose fortunes are invested in great properties in Mexico 
 who yet see the case with true vision and assess its issues with 
 true American feeling. The rest can be left for the present out 
 of the reckoning until this enslaved people has had its day of 
 struggle toward the light. I have heard no one who was free 
 from such influences propose interference by the United States 
 with the internal affairs of Mexico. Certainly no friend of the 
 Mexican people has proposed it. 
 
 AMERICAN SPIRIT. 
 
 The people of the United States are capable of great sym- 
 pathies and a noble pity in dealing with problems of this kind. 
 As their spokesman and representative, I have tried to act in 
 the spirit they would wish me show. The people of Mexico are 
 striving for the rights that are fundamental to life and happi- 
 ness — 15,000,000 oppressed men, overburdened women and piti- 
 ful children, in virtual bondage in their own home of fertile 
 lands and inexhaustible treasure. Some of the leaders of the 
 revolution may often have been mistaken and violent and selfish, 
 but the revolution itself was inevitable and is right. The un- 
 speakable Huerta betrayed the very comrades he served, traitor- 
 ously overthrew the government of which he was a trusted part, 
 impudently spoke for the very forces that had driven his people 
 to the rebellion with which he had pretended to sympathize. 
 The men who overcame him and drove him out represent at 
 least the fierce passion of reconstruction which lies at the very 
 heart of liberty ; and so long as they represent, however imper- 
 fectly, such a struggle for deliverance I am ready to serve their 
 ends when I can. So long as the power of recognition rests 
 with me the government of the United States will refuse to 
 extend the hand of welcome to any one who obtains power in a 
 sister republic by treachery and violence. No permanency can 
 be given the affairs of any republic by a title based upon intrigue 
 and assassination. I declared that to be the policy of this Admin- 
 istration within three weeks after I assumed the Presidency. I 
 here again vow it. I AM MORE INTERESTED IN THE 
 FORTUNES OF OPPRESSED MEN AND PITIFUL 
 WOMEN AND CHILDREN THAN IN ANY PROPERTY 
 
 80 
 
RIGHTS WHATEVER. Mistakes I have no doubt made in this 
 perplexing business, but not in purpose or object. 
 
 ALIv AMKRICA WATCHES. 
 
 More is involved than the immediate destinies of Mexico 
 and the relations of the United States with a distressed and dis- 
 tracted people. All America looks on. Test is now being made 
 of us whether we be sincere lovers of popular liberty or not and 
 are indeed to be trusted to respect national sovereignty among 
 our weaker neighbors. We have undertaken these many years 
 to play big brother to the republics of this hemisphere. This is 
 the day of our test whether we mean, or have ever meant, to 
 play that part for our own benefit wholly or also for theirs. 
 Upon the outcome of that test (its outcome in their minds, not 
 in ours) depends every relationship of the United States with 
 Latin America, whether in politics or in commerce and enter- 
 prise. These are great issues, and lie at the heart of the gravest 
 tasks of the future, tasks both economic and political and very 
 intimately inwrought with many of the most vital of the new 
 issues of the politics of the world. The republics of America 
 have in the last three years been drawing together in a new spirit 
 of accommodation, mutual understanding and cordial co-opera- 
 tion. Much of the politics of the world in the years to come 
 will depend upon their relationships with one another. It is a 
 barren and provincial statesmanship that loses sight of such 
 things ! 
 
 81 
 
THE TRAIL OF THE ABBEY FAMILY. 
 
 The trail of the Abbey family, in the direct line from the 
 immigrant, John Abbey of Wenham, through Captain Thomas 
 Abbey of the Revolution to Lieutenant Henry Abbey, Jr., now 
 serving under General Pershing in Mexico, as shown in the in- 
 scriptions and seals on this Enfield memorial, stretches from 
 rugged Massachusetts Bay to the smiling Connecticut valley; 
 thence across New York State, with a halt at Franklin in Dela- 
 ware County, where Seth Alden Abbey was born, and another 
 halt at Watertown in Jefferson County, where his sons, Henry 
 Gilbert Abbey and Edwin Alden Abbey, were born; the next 
 trek was into the Western Reserve of Connecticut at Cleveland, 
 Ohio; and thence, ever westerly, some going by way of the 
 Isthmus of Panama and others by the Santa Fe trail across the 
 plains, they became a part of the great drift which began in 1849 
 and led to California, to Oregon, to Arizona and latest of all, to 
 Mexico. 
 
 A STUDY IN HEREDITY. 
 
 The preparation of these inscriptions has been a study in 
 heredity. My grandfather and his elder brother, Dorrephus 
 Abbey, were clearly inspired by the example and teachings of their 
 grandfather, Captain Abbey ; and I find similar traits and actions 
 cropping out all along the line. In every American war the 
 Abbeys have been animated by the spirit of 1775, and to-day, as 
 I write these words, their latest and youngest defender of the 
 flag is upholding the traditions of the family in Mexico. 
 
 Henry Abbey, Jr., failing to secure the appointment to West 
 Point which he sought, volunteered as a private in the cavalry, 
 passed his examinations for a lieutenancy, married his major's 
 daughter, and in March, 1916, crossed the Mexican border with 
 the Tenth Cavalry in the pursuit of Villa, which followed the 
 Mexican General's raid on Columbus, New Mexico. 
 
 In what particular will the future historian discriminate 
 between this little raid of Mexican bandits into the United States 
 and the big raid of German bandits into Belgium? There are 
 differences in quality even in bandits, and it has not been charged 
 against Villa that either he or any of his ancestors ever pledged 
 themselves in writing or otherwise to keep their hands off of the 
 United States, as nobody questions that Germany did on a 
 celebrated "scrap of paper" with regard to her neighbor, Belgium. 
 
 82 
 
To my unkultured mind Villa seems a more decent brigand than 
 Wilhelm, when one takes into account the opportunities for en- 
 lightenment enjoyed by these respective raiders. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 
 I wish to acknowledge the great assistance afforded me in 
 the difficult task of wording the inscriptions by Mr. Wesley 
 Weyman, the pianist. Those who admire his art as a musician 
 of the first rank are perhaps not aware that genealogy is his 
 recreation. I am also indebted for valuable aid to Miss Sara 
 Anna Dunn, music critic of the New York Sun; to Miss Susan 
 Hayes Ward, the author and critic, and to her brother, Dr. 
 William Hayes Ward, the editor of The Independent; to Miss 
 
 j Kate Dickinson Sweetser, whose writings are introducing chil- 
 dren in so attractive a manner to the boys and girls of Dickens, 
 George Eliot and Thackeray, and to the children of history, not 
 to mention her Indian braves ; to Mr. Eckstein Case, secretary 
 and treasurer of the Case School of Applied Science; to the 
 editor of The Atlantic Monthly for permission to use the poem, 
 "The Captain's Drum" ; and I must acknowledge my debt to that 
 noble gallery of American men and women, The National 
 Cyclopaedia of American Biography, and particularly to its Con- 
 
 i spectus, which is an inspiration to patriotic endeavor. From my 
 recent thorough and exhaustive study of this interesting work I 
 am persuaded that Dean Stanley was correct when he said that 
 the United States, more than any other country in the world, 
 furnishes examples of the finest men and women that have ever 
 lived. Does not such a tribute as that, from our Mother Country, 
 prove that the American experiment, our " Great Adventure" in 
 democracy, is proving itself a success? By their fruits ye shall 
 know them. 
 
 America has furnished to the world the character of Washington, 
 and if our American institutions had done nothing else, that alone 
 would entitle them to the respect of mankind. 
 
 DANIEL WEBSTER. 
 
 83 
 
THE SPIRIT OF 1775 
 
 By Allan Dawson. 
 
 [Leading Editorial in the New York Globe on January 17, 1916. j 
 
 "I want to see in my country," says Elihu Root, "the spirit 
 that beat in the hearts of the men at Concord Bridge, who were 
 just and God-fearing men, but who were ready to fight for their 
 liberty." A timely and inspiring declaration ! The wish will be 
 echoed by every true American. 
 
 The spirit of Concord! It was a spirit that put a higher 
 value on moralities than on materialities. It was not satisfied 
 with the philosophy that teaches that physical comfort is the 
 supreme objective of life. It did not place personal and national 
 prosperity first. Little actual oppression had come to the men 
 who stood behind the bridge. To yield to the soldiers of King 
 George was the easy and "practical" thing to do. 
 
 The immediate issue, in many ways abstract, little touched 
 the average man. The taxes levied by the British government 
 were not excessive. But there was something in these embattled 
 farmers that forbade them to compromise their freedom — that 
 whispered an imperative mandate to preserve intact a great 
 tradition. They measured duty, as duty must always be meas- 
 ured, from the moral side. In these days let every American 
 search his heart and say whether he feels an equal allegiance to 
 things more precious than personal well-being. If he does not, 
 let him restore himself. 
 
 The spirit of Concord did not merely stand for liberty in 
 America, but for liberty everywhere. The privileges defended 
 with the old flint-locks were such as the men of Massachusetts 
 believed all mankind should enjoy and, in the fulness of time, 
 would enjoy. The shot whose firing was heard 'round the world 
 was for a universal and not a provincial principle. During 150 
 years of salutary neglect the colonials, free of the pressure of 
 feudalism and its remainders, had developed a democracy. 
 
 In one hundred and forty years the seed planted at Concord 
 and watered with patriot blood has had a mighty growth. The 
 world has been transformed. Another King George sits at West- 
 minster, but he reigns rather than rules. His government is an 
 expression of the ideas of the men of Concord rather than the 
 ideas of his great-grandfather. To every land and among people 
 the most backward democratic light has penetrated. A few 
 
 84 
 
months ago it seemed as if democracy had won its battle ; that 
 right, not might or privilege, was to rule ; that men were to be 
 brothers, not enemies ; that each national group was to be secure 
 as it pursued its internal improvement and caught inspiration from 
 a wholesome rivalry. 
 
 Then came a war, for whose beginning no one has yet given 
 an adequate explanation, to shatter the dream. The security 
 was a sham security. There are those in the world who refuse 
 to abide a common beneficent law, and these are strong. The 
 banner of conquest has been unfurled, and the world has become 
 dangerous to every peaceful, democratic nation. The Attila 
 doctrine is revived that the warlike are authorized to seize the 
 possessions of the unwarlike — that a strong arm and the ability to 
 seize are the only sources of title. 
 
 Whether the upholders of this sinister principle will be 
 broken in a new battle of Chalons (which was fought A. D. 451 
 on the banks on the Marne 50 miles nearer to Paris than Verdun 
 and resulted in the death of 160,000 men in one day), or whether 
 they will sweep on to engulf both hemispheres, are questions to 
 be answered by the future. But the result is sufficiently doubtful, 
 and there is enough probability that formerly pacific nations will 
 become infected with the disease against which they have 
 struggled, to make it criminal folly for this country to assume 
 it can trust to right alone to protect it. The oceans, once broad, 
 have diminshed to ferry space. The two seaboards of the 
 Atlantic are now closer than were New York and Boston in 
 Concord days. Diabolic invention has made unassisted valor 
 valueless. Unless we hold in light esteem the principles on which 
 this country was founded and have sunk to a gross materialism 
 that will invite, if it does not justify, attack, we must prepare 
 ourselves to defend not only the soil of America but that tract 
 of spiritualities that is the true and abiding America. It is plain 
 to every man who takes trouble to think that ideas backed by 
 force are loose in the world, that must be met and checked or else 
 this republic cannot expect to endure. The antagonism between 
 Rome and Carthage was not more deadly than that which now 
 exists between the ideals of diffuse, individualistic and pacific 
 democracy and those of centralized, regimentized and militant 
 autocracy. The two systems face each other, and one or the 
 other must go. The world cannot exist half slave and half free. 
 Thus the war in Europe closely concerns us, and thus it is that 
 
 85 
 
we have need to lose no time in getting ready for a struggle that 
 may burst on us with the suddenness that it burst on Belgium 
 and the other peoples. 
 
 PATRICK HENRY'S PLEA FOR PREPAREDNESS 
 
 IN 1775. 
 
 If we wish to be free; if we mean to preserve inviolate those 
 inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contend- 
 ing; if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which 
 we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged our- 
 selves never to abandon, until the glorious object of our contest 
 shall be obtained, we must fight ! I repeat it, we must fight ! An 
 appeal to arms and the God of Hosts is all that is left us. 
 
 There is no retreat but in submission and slavery. Our 
 chains are forged ! Their clanking may be heard on the plains 
 of Boston. The next breeze that sweeps from the north will 
 bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms. 
 
 Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the 
 price of chains and slavery? 
 
 I know not what course others may take ; but as for me, 
 give me liberty, or give me death. 
 
 Address before the Virginia Convention in St. John's Church, 
 Richmond, March 2, 1775. 
 
 86 
 
Famous Descendants of the Immigrants Named 
 on the Seats 
 
 ABBE. 
 General George B. McClellan, 1826-1885, was an Abbe 
 descendant through his great-grandmother, Rachel Abbe, of 
 Windham, the wife of General Samuel McClellan of the Revo- 
 lution, who led a troop of Connecticut cavalry at Bunker Hill. 
 The mother of De Witt McClellan Lockman, the well known 
 portrait painter, was also an Abbe of Windham. 
 
 FAIRFIELD. 
 Among the descendants of the Fairfield family who have 
 distinguished themselves I note the following: John Fairfield, 
 1797-1847, twice Governor of the State of Maine; Sumner Lin- 
 coln Fairfield, 1803-1844, the poet; Edmund Burke Fairfield, 
 1821, second chancellor of the University of Nebraska; William 
 Fairfield Warren, first president of Boston University, and Wes- 
 ley Weyman, the pianist. 
 
 PEASE. 
 The most distinguished descendant of the founder of Enfield, 
 Captain John Pease, 1654-1734, in the direct line was probably 
 Elisha Marshall Pease, 1812-1883. Born in Enfield, he early 
 made his way to the far West and took part with Sam Houston 
 in the revolution which freed Texas from Mexico in 1836. He 
 drafted the constitution and the laws of the new republic. After 
 Texas was admitted to the Union, Mr. Pease served for three 
 terms as Governor of the State. Henry Roberts Pease also 
 migrated to the West and became United States Senator from 
 Mississippi, while Calvin Pease went to Vermont and became 
 president of the State University. 
 
 GOODELL. 
 Among the Goodell family I note Rev. William Goodell, 
 D. D., 1792-1867, missionary to Turkey for over 40 years, who 
 preached in eight languages and translated the whole Bible into 
 Armeno-Turkish ; Henry H. Goodell, president of the Massachu- 
 setts Agricultural College, and David Harvey Goodell, Governor 
 of the State of New Hampshire. 
 
 87 
 
THE ADAMS FAMILY. 
 John Adams, who came to Plymouth on the Fortune in 
 1621, was the first of the name to set foot on these shores, but 
 the descendants of his brother Henry, who settled in Braintree 
 in 1640, have outstripped those of the first arrival, and include 
 more illustrious men in a single direct line than any other family 
 in America. Both of the immigrants are supposed to be brothers 
 of Thomas Adams, of Plymouth, in England, who was an 
 original grantee of the Massachusetts charter and assistant to 
 Governors Cradock and Winthrop. John Adams, second Presi- 
 dent of the United States, once remarked that he was more 
 proud of his "descent for 160 years from a line of virtuous, 
 independent New England farmers than from regal or noble 
 scoundrels since the flood." Agriculture seems to incline men 
 to independence of thought and action, while the modern factory 
 life seems to have almost the effect of a penitentiary upon the 
 workers. Witness the subservience of the German people since 
 Germany has become industrialized and think what the same 
 people were in the revolution of 1848, when Germany was still 
 an agricultural country, as she was in the heroic days of 1814. 
 It seems to be "back to the soil," if you would have freemen 
 instead of machines ready and apparently willing to be cannon- 
 food for the modern Attila. 
 
 UNPARALLELED RECORD OF SERVICES BY ONE 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 The public services of Samuel Adams, "The Father of the 
 American Revolution," foremost politician of his time and source 
 of all the most important measures passed by the Continental 
 Congress ; together with those of his second cousin, John Adams, 
 Minister to France from 1777 to 1782, to England 1782 to 1788, 
 and second President of the United States; of the latter's son, 
 John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States, and of 
 his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, Minister to England dur- 
 ing the Civil War — these I believe to be easily the most eminent 
 and long-continued achievements of any one family in the re- 
 corded history of this or any other nation. It was John Adams 
 who suggested George Washington for commander-in-chief of 
 the army, by this master stroke practically committing Virginia 
 to Massachusetts policy of resistance and to the cause of inde- 
 pendence. Adams retired from the Presidency after 26 years 
 
of uninterrupted service in a greater variety of trusts than fell 
 to the lot of any other American of his time, and he was the 
 only President who has had the satisfaction to see a son elected 
 to the Presidency. John Quincy Adams signed more commercial 
 treaties than had been negotiated since the foundation of the 
 government, and after retirement from the Presidency served 
 16 years as a Congressman. The "Monroe Doctrine" was 
 undoubtedly originated by J. Q. Adams when Secretary of State, 
 and he was its spirited and consistent promulgator and adherent. 
 He was the chief opponent of slavery in Congress, and originated 
 the emancipation doctrine upon the authority of which President 
 Lincoln issued his proclamation. His son, Charles Francis 
 Adams, was our Minister to Great Britain throughout the Civil 
 War, and James Russell Lowell said of him that "None of our 
 generals in the field, not Grant himself, did us better or more 
 trying service than he in his forlorn outpost in London." The 
 frigid, restrained manner characteristic of the Adamses stood him 
 in good stead in that trying time, and his sturdiness and simplicity 
 strongly appealed to the English mind. This service he followed 
 up with his skillful adjustment of the Alabama claims at Geneva. 
 This unique, continuous and unparalleled service by the 
 members of a single family was not unworthily continued by 
 Charles Francis Adams 2nd, whose memoirs have recently been 
 published. He tells how both his father and grandfather were 
 so absorbed in thinking and writing on public affairs that they 
 did not care to get near to nature, whether in the woods or on 
 the water. He is most amusing when he rails against "the terrible 
 New England conscience," the dour New England Sabbath, and 
 how he longed for Monday morning! He says his forbears 
 were "by inheritance ingrained Puritans, and no Puritan by 
 nature ever was really companionable." But all the same these 
 men lived lofty lives and achieved vast results. The Adamses 
 and their kind made a new and greater England here in America 
 and developed democratic institutions in consistent harmony with 
 Magna Charta and the work of Pym and Hampden, the English 
 common law, and all the rights and privileges for which English- 
 speaking freemen have fought and bled these hundreds of 
 years. Races alien to our ideas of freedom and independence 
 because of age-long repression, with no conception of political 
 liberty and scant political talent because of lack of opportunity 
 for its exercise under autocratic rule, have gathered around the 
 
 89 
 
radiant nucleus of our revolutionary sires and threaten to engulf 
 us. It must be made clear to them that the United States was 
 an English colony, that we are still an English-speaking nation, 
 and that other nationalities have had small part in the political 
 making of this commonwealth. If they now desire to submit 
 themselves and their future to the guidance of Obrigkeit or 
 higher powers than the votes of their fellow citizens of America,, 
 let them return to their feudal allegiance to Czar or Kaiser, and no 
 longer be permitted to conspire in behalf of their imperial mas- 
 ters amongst this self-ruling people. 
 
 DEMOCRACY AND COLONIZATION. 
 
 In the speech of Theodore Roosevelt, previously quoted, he 
 insists that the immigrant be required to learn English or else go 
 back to his native land. In this demand Mr. Roosevelt makes no 
 appeal to race prejudice. His own ancestry is chiefly Dutch, 
 but he recognizes that English is the language of this country, 
 just as its founders and its institutions were of English origin. 
 The true American does not fight to preserve these precious 
 legacies because they are of English origin, but because he believes 
 in the principles they represent. No people in the world have 
 fought more valiantly for freedom than the Dutch; so have the 
 Swiss, the French, the Italians, the Spanish and the Portuguese. 
 The Germans and the Russians have also fought for freedom, but 
 they have not yet succeeded in throwing off the yoke of dynastic 
 and feudal tyranny. It is a curious thing that only those peoples 
 who have developed democratic institutions have proved suc- 
 cessful as colonizers, and only in proportion as the colonists 
 themselves have developed democratically have the colonies be- 
 come great and powerful. So, if the German people, and not 
 merely their Hohenzollern and Junker masters, desire new places 
 in the sun, they must first develop the sunshine of democracy in 
 themselves. Colonies do not thrive on the soil of despotism. 
 
 Before leaving the Adams family, work of theirs in lighter 
 vein should be mentioned. William T. Adams, better known as 
 "Oliver Optic," whose books for boys and girls had a great popu- 
 larity a generation ago, was a descendant of Henry Adams of 
 Braintree. 
 
 90 
 
TERRY. 
 Among the descendants of Captain Samuel Terry, 1661-1730, 
 third captain of the Enfield trainband, were Major Nathaniel 
 Terry, mentioned in the inscription on the pedestal as the ranking 
 officer of the company enlisted by Captain Abbey ; General Alfred 
 Howe Terry, 1827-1890, of the Civil War, and Rev. Roderick 
 Terry, D. D., of Newport, R. I., formerly governor of the New 
 York Society of Mayflower Descendants. 
 
 ALDEN. 
 The descendants of John Alden, "the Puritan scholar" of 
 the Mayflower, are very numerous, and include many of the chief 
 representatives of American literature and statesmanship, such 
 
 as William Cullen Bryant and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 
 among the poets ; Henry Mills Alden, for many years editor of 
 Harper's Magazine, and all of the distinguished line, just de- 
 scribed, that are descended from Hannah Bass Adams, who was 
 the granddaughter of John Alden and the grandmother of John 
 Adams, second President of the United States. 
 
 KIBBE. 
 
 Edward Kibbe of Boston, 1645, is said to have come from 
 
 Exeter in England. He settled at Muddy River, now Brookline. 
 
 His son, Elisha Kibbe, was baptized in the First Church in Boston 
 
 in 1645, married Rachel Cooke, of Salem, and lived to be 97. 
 
 91 
 
He was one of the first settlers of Enfield, and his youngest son, 
 Isaac Kibbe, born in 1683, was the first boy born here. 
 His daughter, Rachel Kibbe, born in 1688, lived until her 
 100th year. As already noted, she remembered the raising of 
 the second church edifice in Enfield in 1706, when "there 
 was a great frolick which lasted 3 days." She married first 
 Jonathan Bush, 1681-1746, and secondly Lieutenant John 
 Meacham. She was the grandmother of Hannah Bush, the wife 
 of Colonel Amos Alden. Her brother, Isaac Kibbe, 1683-1766, 
 was the father of Isaac Kibbe, 1731-1779, who, during the revo- 
 lution, kept the tavern which stood on the east side of Enfield 
 
 street less than a quarter mile to the north of the meeting house, 
 which he built and completed in 1775, and around which Captain 
 Abbey drummed the Lexington Alarm. Another descendant of 
 Elisha Kibbe, the pioneer settler, is the well known genealogist 
 and authority on Enfield history, James Allen Kibbe, of Ware- 
 house Point. 
 
 BUSH. 
 The most distinguished descendant of the Bush family is 
 Henry Kirke Bush-Brown, the well known sculptor. 
 
 "Under a republican form of government the individual's 
 public duty to the state is as important as his private duty to his 
 family." 
 
Washington's Farewell Address 
 
 The basis of our political systems is the right of the people 
 to make and to alter their constitutions of Government ; but the 
 Constitution which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit 
 and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon 
 all. The very idea of the power and the right of the people to 
 establish Government, presupposes the duty of every individual 
 to obey the established Government. 
 
 All obstructions to the execution of its laws, all combinations 
 and associations, under whatever plausible character, with the 
 real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe the regular 
 deliberation and action of the constituted authorities, are destruc- 
 tive to this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. 
 
 In relation to this still subsisting war in Europe (England 
 was then leading the fight of Europe against Bonaparte, just as 
 she is to-day leading the struggle against the German Kaiser) my 
 proclamation of the 22nd of April, 1793, is the index to my plan. 
 
 After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights 
 I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the 
 circumstances of the case, had a right to take — and was bound 
 in duty and interest to take — a neutral position. 
 
 The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, with- 
 out anything more, from the obligation which justice and humanity 
 impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to main- 
 tain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other 
 nations. — September 17, 1796. 
 
 If we mean to support the liberty and independence which 
 have cost us so much blood and treasure to establish, we must 
 drive far away the demon of party spirit. — George Washington. 
 
 93 
 
The Legacy of Washington 
 
 What has Washington left behind, save the glory of a name? 
 The independent mind, the conscious pride, the ennobling principle 
 of the soul, — a nation of freemen. What did he leave? He left 
 us to ourselves. This is the sum of our liberties, the first principle 
 of government, the power of public opinion, the only permanent 
 power on earth. When did a people flourish, like the Americans? 
 Yet where, in time of peace, has more use been made of the pen, 
 or less of the sword of power? 
 
 Napoleon, the contemporary of our Washington, is fast 
 dying away from the lips of men. He who (like the German 
 Kaiser to-day) shook the whole civilized earth; who, in an age of 
 knowledge and concert among nations, held the world at bay; 
 at whose exploits the imagination becomes bewildered, who, in the 
 eve of his glory, was honored with the pathetic appellation of "the 
 last lone captive of millions in war" — even he is now known 
 only in history. The vast empire was fast tumbling to ruins 
 (like that of "Berlin to Bagdad'') while he yet held the sword. 
 He passed by and left no successor there ! The unhallowed light 
 which obscured is gone ; but brightly beams yet the name of 
 Washington! — From "America as a Moral Force," by Cassius 
 Marcellus Clay, 1810-1903. 
 
 MORAL FORCE MORE POWERFUL THAN PHYSICAL 
 
 FORCE. 
 
 [President Wilson's speech before the New York Press Club on 
 
 June 30, 1916.] 
 
 I have not read history without observing that the greatest 
 forces in the world and the only permanent forces are the moral 
 forces. We have the evidence of a very competent witness, 
 namely, the first Napoleon, who said as he looked back in the 
 last days of his life upon so much as he knew of human history, 
 he had to record the judgment that force had never accomplished 
 anything that was permanent. 
 
 Force will not accomplish anything that is permanent, I 
 venture to say, in the great struggle which is now going on on 
 the other side of the sea. The permanent things will be accom- 
 plished afterward, when the opinion of mankind is brought to 
 bear upon the issues, and the only thing that will hold the world 
 steady is this same silent, insistent, all-powerful opinion of man- 
 kind. 
 
 94 
 
Force can sometimes hold things steady until opinion has time 
 to form, but no force that was ever exerted except in response 
 to that opinion was ever a conquering and predominant force. 
 I think the sentence in American history that I myself am proud- 
 est of is that in the introductory sentences of the Declaration of 
 Independence, where the writers say that a due respect for the 
 opinion of mankind demands that they state the reasons for what 
 they are about to do. 
 
 I venture to say that a decent respect for the opinion of 
 mankind demanded that those who started the present European 
 war should have stated their reasons, but they did not pay any 
 heed to the opinion of mankind, and the reckoning will come 
 when the settlement comes. 
 
 There are some gentlemen who are under the delusion that 
 the power of a nation comes from the top. It does not. It comes 
 from the bottom. The power and virtue of the tree does not 
 come from the blossom and the fruit down into the roots, but it 
 comes from the roots in the obscure passages of the earth where 
 the power is derived which displays itself in the blossom and the 
 fruit ; and I know that among the silent, speechless masses of the 
 American people is slowly coming up the great sap of moral 
 purpose and love of justice and reverence for humanity which 
 constitutes the only virtue and distinction of the American people. 
 
 THE COST OF FREEDOM. 
 The lowest condition is reached when absolute and despotic 
 power becomes necessary on the part of government, and indi- 
 vidual liberty extinct. So, on the contrary, just as a people rise 
 in the scale of intelligence, virtue and patriotism, and the more 
 perfectly they become acquainted with the nature of government, 
 the ends for it which was ordered, and how it ought to be admin- 
 istered, and the less the tendency to violence and disorder within 
 and danger from abroad, the power necessary for government 
 becomes less and less, and individual liberty greater and greater. 
 Liberty is the noblest and the highest reward bestowed on mental 
 and moral development. Liberty and equality are high prizes to 
 be won ; and are, in their most perfect state, not only the highest 
 reward that can be bestowed on our race, but the most difficult 
 to be won, and when won, the most difficult to be preserved. 
 
 John C. Calhoun, 1848. 
 
 9 5 
 
THE QUEST OF ANCESTORS 
 
 [An article by Alden Freeman published in "Town and Country," on 
 March 18, 1905, with some additional matter. John H. Flagg, author of 
 "The Monarch, and Other Poems," "Lyrics of New England," etc., wrote of 
 the original article as follows: "I was intensely interested in this genealog- 
 ical article, which approaches a classic in style, arrangement, diction and 
 general treatment."] 
 
 A true and sincere study of genealogy should lead not to 
 pride of ancestry by the picking and choosing of those forbears 
 who distinguished themselves, but rather to a democratic feeling 
 of brotherhood with all mankind; for, on going back only a few 
 generations, we will find ourselves related to nearly all the 
 inhabitants of a certain town such as Enfield or Duxbury, and 
 among our fellow descendants will find some, perhaps, in the 
 humblest walks of life; so, if pursued in the proper spirit, I be- 
 lieve genealogical studies will lead, not to inordinate pride of 
 birth, but rather to emulation of the virtues of distinguished 
 ancestors and to sympathy and helpfulness for their less fortunate 
 descendants. 
 
 In joining patriotic and ancestral societies the feature which 
 chiefly interested me was the study of particular periods of our 
 history which it necessitates. With the personal interest aroused 
 by discovering that those of our own blood took part in stirring 
 events, the drybones of history take on flesh and the lusty hues of 
 romance. In collecting the records of twenty-five ancestors for 
 the Society of Colonial Wars I covered the whole period from the 
 settlement of Jamestown to the battle of Lexington and came 
 upon adventures quite as alluring as those described by Mary 
 Johnston in "Audrey," or by Thackeray in "The Virginians," and 
 which led across the sea to Scotland, to Wales, to Holland and to 
 France, as well as to England. 
 
 THE ALDEN FAMILY. 
 
 Given the name of "Alden" tended to arouse my interest in 
 all that related to my ancestor, John Alden, "the Puritan scholar." 
 The family Bible records the descent back to Colonel Amos Alden, 
 of Enfield, my great-great-grandfather, and when I was asked to 
 join the Society of Mayflower Descendants I found no difficulty 
 in proving my descent, as Colonel Alden's name was in the 
 earliest published genealogy of the Alden family. When I say 
 
 96 
 
"no difficulty" I do not wish it understood that there is no labor 
 attached to securing admission to the Mayflower Society. None 
 of the other ancestral societies approaches in strictness of positive 
 proof of descent to the requirements of this society. Membership 
 in it is therefore of the highest value in establishing the family 
 record and also in making it permanent. It took me two or three 
 months to secure all the documents and certificates required by 
 the genial founder, Captain Richard Henry Greene, who then 
 set me at work to establish a Mayflower Society in New Jersey. 
 
 JOHN ALDEN'S CHAIR 
 
 This chair has been for several generations in 
 the Alden family, and, according to tradition 
 in the family, belonged to John Alden, of the 
 Mayflower. Timothy Alden brought it to 
 Chautauqua, N. Y., in 1828 or 1829. 
 
 Hannah Alden, 1771-1821, was the daughter of Colonel Amos 
 Alden, 1745-1826. According to the Connecticut State Register, 
 he was in 1800 captain of the Fifth Company, First Regiment, 
 Connecticut Cavalry; major of the same, 1802-6, and lieutenant- 
 colonel of the First Regiment in 1807. Amos Alden was de- 
 scended from Joseph Kingsbury, of Dedham, 1641, from Thomas 
 Hayward, an original proprietor and the earliest settler of Bridge- 
 water, and from John Willis, first deacon of the Bridgewater 
 church. Amos Alden's wife was Hannah Bush, who was de- 
 scended from John Bush, of the "Alexander," 1634; from Thomas 
 Lamb, of Roxbury, who came in the fleet with Winthrop in 1630; 
 from Edward Kibbe, of Boston, 1645, who married Mary Part- 
 ridge; from Henry Cooke, of Salem, 1638, who married Judith 
 Burdsell in 1639, and from Richard French, 1674-1757, of Enfield. 
 
 97 
 
The preparation of the papers required to join any of the 
 patriotic societies opens up vistas of interesting ancestral person- 
 ages. In the Duxbury military company I found marching with 
 John Alden in 1643 his son Joseph ; John Willis, first representa- 
 tive of Bridgewater in the general court of Plymouth colony and 
 her deputy for twenty-five years ; Moses Simmons, of the "For- 
 tune," 1621 ; John Harding, 1586-1669, deputy to the general 
 court, and Thomas Hay ward, who came first in the " William 
 and Francis," 1632, and secondly in the "Hercules," 1635. Like 
 John Willis, the latter was an original proprietor of Bridgewater. 
 To each of these members of the Duxbury trainband I traced 
 descent, In the same year John Dunham, 1588-1669, representa- 
 tive of Plymouth, 1639 to 1664; James Adams, of Marshfield, son 
 of John, who came in the "Fortune," 1621 ; Thomas Harvey, 
 1617-1651, of Taunton, and William Vassall, 1592-1655, of Scit- 
 uate, marched side by side, and to each I likewise traced descent. 
 
 Probably it never occurred to any of these ten men of 
 sturdy English descent that the blood which they then risked in 
 defence of Plymouth colony would be mingled in the veins of 
 joint descendants of them all two centuries and a half later, with 
 the blood of Huguenot Frenchmen, canny Scotsmen and stolid 
 Dutchmen, which, with still other strains, go to make up the con- 
 glomerate known as an American. 
 
 THE VASSALL FAMILY. 
 The family of Vassall particularly interested me. In their 
 annals will be found a fruitful field for the historical novelist. 
 They were an ancient Catholic family of Normandy, which in- 
 cluded two cardinals and a marshal of France ; but Jean Vassall 
 became a Huguenot and fled into England a few years before the 
 massacre of St. Bartholomew. He was one of the ancestors 
 through whom I established my claim to membership in the 
 Huguenot Society, which flourishes under the fostering care of its 
 long-time secretary, Mrs. James M. Lawton, the daughter of 
 General Robert Anderson, of Fort Sumter fame. At his own 
 cost this John Vassall fitted out and commanded two ships of war 
 against the Spanish Armada. Later he became a member of the 
 Virginia Company, which made the settlement at Jamestown in 
 1607. While in London in 1900 I one day went down to Stepney 
 and visited the ancient parish church of St. Dunstan's, where I 
 saw the record of John Vassall's death "of the plague," September 
 13, 1625. 
 
 9S 
 
ELIZABETH VASSALL, LADY HOLLAND. 
 
 Among the descendants of John Vassall, both in America 
 and England, easily the most celebrated was Elizabeth Vassall, 
 already mentioned, who married, as her second husband. Henry 
 Richard Vassall-Fox, third Baron Holland. Both of her hus- 
 bands, by the provisions of her grandfather's will, were required 
 to assume the surname of Vassall. The family of her first hus- 
 band, Sir Godfrey Vassall- Webster, Bart., owned Battle Abbey 
 from 1719 to 1849, and in 1901 it was restored to the family as 
 the property of her descendant, Sir Arthur Webster. 
 
 Lord Holland was the nephew of the great statesman, Charles 
 James Fox. While making the grand tour, and only twenty, he 
 
 HOLLAND HOUSE 
 
 The first of th* great historic houses of England which was restored 
 
 and embellished by the heiress to an American fortune. 
 
 met in Florence the beautiful Lady Vassall- Webster, aged twenty- 
 three, and then began the love which ended only with his life. 
 By act of Parliament the first marriage of Elizabeth Vassall was 
 dissolved and she became the wife of Lord Holland. Together 
 they set out upon a career of political and social success un- 
 equaled before or since in English life. Lady Holland was a 
 remarkable woman. Brilliant, witty, with a queenly grace of 
 manner, she was also well informed, possessed of wonderful tact 
 and, above all, gifted with common sense ; an ardent horticulturist, 
 she planned gardens and introduced the dahlia into England ; as 
 
 99 
 
warm a heart as ever beat, she never deserted a friend. She 
 established the only true salon ever known in England, and there 
 the great Whig party came into power. To comprehend the 
 charm, distinction and power of the gatherings at Lady Holland's 
 home one must read Macaulay's essay on Lord Holland, which 
 shows more human feeling and affection than anything else from 
 the great historian's pen ; or, if you would pursue the subject 
 further, read "The Holland House Circle," by Lloyd Saunders. 
 It has been said that from 1750 to 1850 the history of Holland 
 House was the history of England. 
 
 LLIZABLTH VASSALL, LADY HOLLAND 
 
 From the portrait by Fagan 
 
 Lady Holland was the friend of Madame de Stael, Georgiana 
 Duchess of Devonshire, Talleyrand, Metternich, "Junius," Byron, 
 Moore, Sheridan, Brougham, Walpole, Canova, Wilkie, Macaulay 
 and Sidney Smith; in fact, of all the great men of her time, to 
 mention only a few of the celebrities who met at her hospitable 
 board. She took pity on the imperial bandit who ravaged Europe 
 a century ago and cheered his captivity, both at Elba and at St. 
 Helena. 
 
 100 
 
CAESARISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY. 
 
 History repeats itself again and again. The imperator of 
 the twentieth century is only a harder, more brutal and more 
 efficient Caesar than his Roman prototypes, not lacking even the 
 play-actor traits and artistic yearnings of Nero. Nietzsche's 
 "Power to Will," as promulgated through Treitschke and Bern- 
 hardi and other German writers, incites to a ruthlessness and an 
 unscrupulousness in the pursuit of power that halts at no enormity, 
 and which, if unchecked, forecasts a repetition of the Dark Ages 
 which succeeded the sway of the imperial madmen of Rome, and 
 during which the waging of war became the only permanent busi- 
 ness of mankind. 
 
 The twentieth century Caesar has transformed whole nations 
 into one vast Praetorian Guard. The obedient millions of Central 
 Europe have bartered their liberties and all freedom of speech 
 and action for a mess of pottage, for partem et circenses, as in 
 Roman days. Their master feeds and clothes and houses his 
 submissive serfs, including the fawning professors of his universi- 
 ties, in the most efficient, scientific and economical manner. 
 Caesar has become sacrosanct and infallible. He has spread his 
 network of espionage over the whole earth. His agents voice his 
 will in the parliaments and legislatures of every land. His Machia- 
 vellian hand is seen even in the cabinets of nations with which 
 he is at war. His Dionysian ear is like the dictograph and under 
 every rooftree. He flatters the blind, driven cattle of his own 
 land and tells them they shall inherit the earth. One simple- 
 minded Teuton wrote me that he had discovered "why all the 
 world hates the Germans." "The rest of the world is jealous of 
 us," he declares, "because we are more intelligent, better educated 
 and more moral than any other people, and therefore better fitted 
 to govern the rest of the world than any other nation." 
 
 The Lusitania, May 7, 1915. 
 
 Not all the seven oceans 
 
 Shall wash away the stain ; 
 Upon a brow that wears a crown 
 
 I am the brand of Cain. 
 
 Joyce Kilmer. 
 
 101 
 
GERMANY IN TIMES PAST. 
 What has become of the Germany that all the world loved 
 and respected ; the Germany of Huss and Luther, of Leibnitz and 
 Kant, of Goethe and Schiller, of Beethoven and Mozart; the 
 Germany of Andreas Hofer and Kossuth, of Carl Schurz and 
 Franz Sigel, of Heine and Wagner? Where is the old-time 
 respect for art, the old-time defiance of tyrants, the former love 
 of liberty? I cannot believe that the people who have produced 
 leaders in every field of thought and action, mighty champions of 
 freedom, are so entirely changed, so basely degenerated as their 
 warlord would have us to think, but only throttled and gagged, 
 
 NAPOLEON'S 
 SNUFF BOX 
 
 Bequeathed by him to Elizabeth 
 Vassall'Fox, Lady Holland. 
 Now in the British Museum 
 
 and will ere long destroy the military Frankenstein which now 
 enthralls them and once more show themselves to be freemen 
 and brothers to the rest of mankind in the age-long struggle for 
 liberty, worthy descendants of the Germans who threw off the 
 yoke of Napoleon in 1814 and kinsmen of the revolutionists of 
 1848. One lone voice has been raised in protest in the German 
 Reichstag, that of a man worthy to be president of the United 
 States of Central Europe. I refer, of course, to Karl Liebnecht, 
 who, in consequence of his courage and independence, now lan- 
 guishes in a German prison. 
 
 "Man is not the mere creature of the state. Man is older 
 than nations, and he is to survive nations. All nations are bound 
 
 102 
 
to respect the rights of every human being." — William Ellery 
 Channing. 
 
 At this time to understand Lady Holland, an Englishwoman's 
 kindness to Napoleon, it is necessary to recall that the French 
 emperor, brigand though he was, was not charged with systematic 
 inhumanity ; that he conducted his campaigns in accord with the 
 accepted law of nations ; that he did not make war on women 
 and children nor on unarmed men. At his death Napoleon sent to 
 Lady Holland by the hands of his faithful friends, Counts Bert- 
 rand and Montholon, "as token of gratitude and esteem," the gold 
 snuffbox presented to him at Tolentino in February, 1797, by 
 Pope Pius VI. 
 
 ROMANCE IN THE MORGAN FAMILY. 
 
 In King Philip's war I found Nathaniel Hayward, son of 
 Thomas Hayward, of Bridgewater, already mentioned ; John 
 Shaw, son of Abraham Shaw, of Dedham, 1637 ; John Whit- 
 marsh, son of John Wnitmarsh, who arrived with Hall's party 
 from Weymouth, England, in 1635, and also Thomas Abbey and 
 Miles Morgan, the hero of Springfield. The story that John Alden 
 fell in love with Priscilla Molines while the "Mayflower" lay at 
 Southampton finds its duplicate in the tale of young Miles 
 Morgan, who, wandering in January, 1636, on the wharves at 
 Bristol, beheld the fair Prudence Gilbert, about to sail with her 
 parents for z\merica, and thereupon hastily determined to embark 
 in the same ship. On landing in Boston Miles joined the explor- 
 ing party of Colonel William Pynchon, which located the town of 
 Springfield. Although the only pioneer admitted who was less 
 than twenty-one years of age, he soon became second in command. 
 No sooner had the youth received his allotment of land than he 
 started back on foot with an Indian guide to Beverly, where the 
 Gilbert family had settled. There he and Prudence were married. 
 He brought her back, also on foot, with the Indian and a horse 
 purchased in Beverly, both laden with the bride's household goods, 
 and going before, while Captain Morgan, following with his 
 matchlock and with his bride by his side, made his way through 
 the trackless forest to their new home in the wilderness. Here 
 are a courtship and marriage as romantic as those of John Alden 
 and Priscilla, waiting for a Longfellow to enshrine them in verse. 
 This story is gleaned from ''The Family of Morgan," by the 
 eminent Shakespearean scholar. Dr. Appleton Morgan. 
 
 103 
 
Mr. Morgan tells an interesting tale of Miles Morgan's 
 grandfather, Sir William Morgan, of Tredegar in Wales, where 
 he entertained Charles I. for two days in July, 1645, a month after 
 the king's decisive defeat at Naseby. Four generations further 
 back in this line we find Thomas Morgan of Machen serving as 
 esquire of the body to the first of the Tudor kings, Henry VII., 
 and Mr. Morgan carries this Welsh lineage to the Tudor family 
 itself, also to the great Cadwallader and other British and Welsh 
 kings of the seventh century. From Thomas Morgan of Machen 
 the line is traced down to Sir Henry Morgan, the famous buc- 
 caneer who ravaged the Spanish Main, capturing entire Spanish 
 squadrons and holding:: up large cities for ransom. Old Panama 
 he sacked and destroyed in 1671, but it was so substantially built 
 that after nearly 250 years its ruins are still impressive. Not- 
 withstanding his cruelty and looting, James II. knighted him and 
 made him governor of Jamaica on account of the damage he 
 had inflicted on England's Spanish foes. He left no descendants. 
 In this tercentenary of Shakespeare it is interesting to note a 
 bequest by a Morgan widow in the seventeenth year of Henry 
 VIII. (1526) to her curate, Sir Thomas Schaftespere, said to be 
 an ancestor of the great William. 
 
 Among the members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery 
 Company of Boston I found, in the year 1644, Robert Crosman, 
 who settled in Taunton in 1645, and in 1661, Captain John Pease, 
 whose son, likewise Captain John Pease, was the founder of 
 Enfield. 
 
 ALLEN'S UNIQUE "HISTORY OF ENFIELD." 
 
 Through the generosity of Francis Olcott Allen, Enfield 
 possesses the most complete historic record of any town in this 
 country, published in three volumes of a thousand pages each, in 
 which I have been able to see how my maternal ancestors lived 
 and moved and had their being, as in a looking-glass. Here I 
 read of Samuel Terry, third captain of the town's militia and 
 deputy to the general court of Massachusetts before the boun- 
 daries were so altered in 1750 that Enfield became a part of 
 Connecticut; and of the long line of warlike Abbeys, beginning 
 with John, who came in the "Bonaventure" and settled in Salem 
 in 1636; his son Thomas, who settled in Enfield after King Philip's 
 war; his grandson, Lieutenant Thomas Abbey, and his great- 
 grandson, Thomas Abbey, ensign and lieutenant in the French 
 
 104 
 
and Indian wars, and afterward captain in the revolution, whose 
 service I was invited to represent in the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 
 The Continental officers, indignant at a Congress which 
 failed to make provision for disabled officers and for the widows 
 and orphans of deceased soldiers, resolved to undertake their 
 relief by starting a fund to which each should contribute one 
 month's pay. Their society was founded on May 13, 1783, at 
 the Verplanck house, still standing on the banks of the Hudson 
 at Fishkill, New York. At that time the already venerable 
 mansion of the Verplanck family was the headquarters of Baron 
 
 The Order of the Society of the Cincinnati, designed by Major L'Enfant the French 
 engineer, who made the plan of the city of Washington. 
 
 Steuben, who organized the society with the co-operation of 
 General Knox, Alexander Hamilton, General Lafayette and other 
 officers of the Revolution. They chose George Washington for 
 the first president of the society. 
 
 After the lapse of 133 years it is interesting to recall that 
 at the time of its founding the Society of the Cincinnati was 
 regarded with suspicion as the entering wedge of returning 
 despotism, that many feared it might result in the establishment 
 in America of an hereditary aristocracy and that even monarchy 
 itself might, through its malign influence, be restored. Out of 
 this opposition to the Society of the Cincinnati, which was so 
 serious and so active that Washington and his advisers at one 
 
 105 
 
time contemplated the abandonment of the project altogether, 
 there developed the most powerful organization in municipal 
 politics that this country has ever known. It appears to be un- 
 questioned that the Society of Tammany was organized in New 
 York City to protect democratic institutions from the supposed 
 menace of the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 THE HARVEY FAMILY. 
 Another line which interested me was the Harvey family. 
 ''The Harvey Book," by Oscar J. Harvey, of Wilkesbarre, Pa., 
 is a model for genealogists. From it I learned of Turner Harvey, 
 the favorite longbowman and archer of Henry VIII., and his son, 
 William Harvey, who managed to retain his office in the College 
 
 MOUNT GULIAN 
 Homestead of th- Verplanck Family at Fishkill-orvthe-Hudson, in which the Society 
 of the Cincinnati was organized, May 13, 1783. 
 
 of Heralds during a period of thirty years, through all the dis- 
 turbances of four Tudor reigns, when the state religion was 
 alternately Protestant and Catholic. Henry VIII. made him 
 Somerset herald, and he represented Edward VI. "in the King's- 
 coat" at the funeral of Queen Katherine Parr. King Henry sent 
 him on official visits to the court of Denmark, to Emperor Charles 
 V. and to Maurice, Duke of Saxony. Edward VI. made him 
 Norroy King of Arms, and seven times sent this trained and 
 typical diplomatist on embassies to Germany. It was he whom 
 Queen Mary sent June 7, 1557, to declare war against France, 
 when urged thereto by her husband, Philip II., and she created 
 
 106 
 
him Clarenceux King of Arms, which office he retained under 
 Elizabeth until his death. Most of these particulars I gathered at 
 the College of Heralds in London, from "A History of the College 
 of Arms," published in 1805. William Harvey seems to have 
 been of a choleric temper, but "his abilities were considerable." 
 He was free of the Skinners' Company (furriers' guild), and "in 
 1561 he gave both a crest and supporters to their arms." In the 
 Public Record Office, close to the law courts in the Strand. I 
 found grants of arms to various families signed by him, one 
 of which, dated 1559, I had copied, as it contained, in the illumi- 
 
 W1LLIAM HARVEY 
 
 1553 
 
 From Thane's "Portrai s and 
 
 Autographs of Royal and 
 
 Illustrious Personages." 
 
 
 TtelbrtrmC axd'Anivgra/iA,tf 
 "WIIj: HEiVY. 
 
 nated initial letter, a portrait of my ancestor dressed in his 
 herald's coat, or tabard, of arms. These grants all begin: 
 "To all and singular, etc." It is little incidents like this that make 
 the genealogical question so beguiling. 
 
 William Harvey, brother of Turner Harvey, the longbowman 
 of Henry VIII., who was so strong that after his death no one 
 was able to draw his bow, had a famous grandson in Dr. William 
 Harvey, 1578-1657, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood. 
 He left no descendants, but there is a fine statue of him at his 
 birthplace, Folkestone, on the Kentish coast. Like his second 
 cousin, W r illiam Harvey, the diplomatist, he w T as intimately con- 
 
 [07 
 
nected with the court, and was physician to James I. and Charles I. 
 He frequently prosecuted his anatomical experiments in the pres- 
 ence of the latter king, whose fortunes he followed during the 
 civil war, being present at the battle of Edgehill, and retiring 
 with him to Oxford. It was in 1619, while physician to St. 
 Bartholomew's hospital in London, that he made his great dis- 
 covery. His adherence to the royal cause cost him this position in 
 1644, but he continued to lecture at the College of Physicians, 
 
 STATUE OF DR. WILLIAM HARVEY 
 
 in Folkestone, England 
 The discoverer of the circulation of the blood 
 
 where, in 1652, he had the rare honor of seeing his own statue 
 placed in the college hall. He enjoyed the intimacy of the king, 
 of Sir Francis Bacon, Hobbes, Dryden, Cowley and other persons 
 of note, and lived to be considered the first anatomist and physi- 
 cian of his time, and to see his discoveries universally acknowl- 
 edged. 
 
 Other parts of the original article in 'Town and Country," entitled "The Quest 
 of Ancestors," will be found in the following sketch of the Freeman family as well 
 as in preceding sections of this pamphlet. 
 
 108 
 
The Freemans of Woodbridge, New Jersey 
 
 Through the efforts of Daniel Freeman, of Los Angeles, 
 California, the Freeman family, of Woodbridge, has been traced 
 back in England to the reign of Henry VI. , when John Freeman 
 lived in Bentley, Northamptonshire, in 1442. Of my father's 
 family the immigrant ancestor was Judge Henry Freeman, of 
 Woodbridge, whose sister Elizabeth married John Ford and 
 settled in Morristown. Her son, Colonel Jacob Ford, Sr., about 
 1773 built the house now known as "Washington's Headquar- 
 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS AT MORRISTOWN, N. J. 
 
 The mother of Col. Jacob Ford, senior, who built the house, was Elizabeth Freeman, 
 of Woodbridge, N. J. This roof sheltered more of the heroes of the Revolution than 
 any other in America. 
 
 ters," in that town, and her grandson, Colonel Jacob Ford, Jr., 
 about 1768, built the stone house at Mount Hope, N. J. 
 
 It was in the house at Mount Hope that Elizabeth Freeman 
 spent the last four years of her life, dying there April 21, 1772, 
 aged 91 years and 1 month. Her great-grandson, Judge Gabriel 
 H. Ford, kept a diary. Shortly before his death, in his eighty-fifth 
 year, under date of June 21, 1849, he wrote that he was seven 
 years old at the time of the death of his great-grandmother, 
 "whose short stature and slender, bent person I clearly recall, 
 having lived in the same house with her." From her, he says, 
 
 109 
 
the Ford family learned that her father fled from England to 
 avoid persecution. This confirms the tradition of the Freeman 
 family that he was a Quaker. According to the census record of 
 1772, Elizabeth Freeman "came into Philadelphia when there was 
 but one house in it, and into this province (East Jersey), when 
 she was but one year and a half old." Judge Ford says that 
 "while landing his goods her father fell from a plank into the 
 Delaware river and was drowned between the ship and the shore, 
 leaving a family of young children in the wilderness." The 
 Freemans of Woodbridge made their advent in America with 
 this dire misfortune in 1682, the same year in which William 
 Penn made his first vovasfe to America, and close to the same date. 
 
 STONE MANSION AT MOUNT HOPE, N. J. 
 
 Built by the Ford family before they erected the house in Morristown known as 
 Washington's Headquarters. Here is the Elizabeth Mine, named for Elizabeth Free- 
 man, of Woodbridge, which supplied the iron for the cannon and cannon-balls used 
 by Washington's army. 
 
 These facts are taken from "The Record" for March, 1880, pub- 
 lished by the First Presbyterian Church of Morristown, of which 
 Judge Ford's grandfather, Rev. Timothy Johnes, was pastor from 
 1743 to 1794, covering the whole revolutionary period. He is 
 said to have administered communion to Washington. His daugh- 
 ter, Theodosia Ford, widowed early in 1777 with five young 
 children, offered to Washington the hospitality of her home, and 
 he made it his headquarters from December 1, 1779, to June, 
 
 110 
 
1. 80. Among those who met at the Ford house at this period 
 were Hamilton, Schuyler, Stirling, Greene, Knox, Harry Lee, 
 John Stark, Israel Putnam, Anthony Wayne, Benedict Arnold, 
 Steuben, Duportail. Pulaski, De Kalb, Kosciusko and Lafayette. 
 
 THE FREEMAN IMMIGRANT ANCESTOR. 
 
 Judge Freeman was sturdy in his assertion of the rights of 
 the colonists against the encroachments of the royal governors, 
 who, nevertheless, recognized his worth by long-continued ap- 
 pointment, as one of the six judges of the court of common pleas 
 of Middlesex county. He lived considerably past ninety years, 
 and was buried in 1763 in the Presbyterian churchyard at Wood- 
 bridge, where his tombstone stands amidst the graves of several 
 generations of his descendants. 
 
 TOMBSTONES OF JUDGE HENRY FREEMAN 
 
 and HIS WIFE, ELIZABETH BONUE 
 
 Presbyterian Churchyard, Wookbridge, New Jersev 
 
 The inscription on this tombstone of Henry Freeman the 
 Immigrant, stating that he died October 10, 1763. in the 94th 
 year of his age, does not agree with the statement in Daniel 
 Freeman's "Genealogy" that he was born August 7, 1672. This 
 birth date Mr. Freeman copied from St. Sepulchre's Records in 
 London, England, where he also found the birth date, July 12, 
 1670, of his own ancestor, Edward Freeman, brother of Henry 
 and Elizabeth. Perhaps some future student of family history 
 will clear up this discrepancy. 
 
 ill 
 
Daniel Freeman gives the birth date of Joseph Freeman (who 
 was drowned in the Delaware River in 1682) as October 2, 1639, 
 and his marriage to Ehzabeth Gosse (born 1636) on March 14, 
 1666, in the parish of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, London. He 
 carries the line back to William Freeman (father of Joseph), who 
 was baptized January 14, 1592, at St. Mary at Hill; married 
 Mary Orell November 3, 1638, and died at Betchworth in Surrey 
 May 27, 1657; to William's father, Martyn Freeman, also of 
 Betchworth, who married Elizabeth Lawrence, daughter of 
 Matthew Lawrence, and grand-daughter of Sir Oliver Lawrence, 
 Knight, who quartered his arms with those of the Washington 
 family ; to Martyn's father, Edward Freeman, who married Eliza- 
 beth Maush; to Edward's father, Henry Freeman, of Wallgrave, 
 Northhamptonshire, who married Mary Wintershall; to Henry's 
 father, Lawrence Freeman, who lived at Bentley and Wallgrave 
 in the reign of Richard II. and married Anne Frebodye, daughter 
 of Thomas Frebodye, of Northamptonshire ; and, finally, to Law- 
 rence's father, John Freeman, mentioned above as living in 
 Henry VI. 's time. Under date of November 27, 1662, Evelyn 
 writes in his Diary : "Dined with old Sir Ralph Freeman, Master 
 of the Mint." This was the eldest son of Martyn Freeman. Mr. 
 Freeman relates many interesting incidents of family history and 
 his book is beautifully illustrated in colors with the armorial 
 bearings of the Isham family (the first John Freeman's wife 
 being of that lineage) and those of the Frebodye, Wintershall, 
 Lawrence and Washington families, as well as the variations and 
 quarterings used by different members of the Freeman family. 
 He also includes a still older brother of Edward, Henry and 
 Elizabeth, named John Freeman, born in 1669, and married at 
 St. Botolph's in London on October 3, 1693, to Mrs. Mary 
 Dockra, of St. Helen's Parish. This John Freeman appears to 
 have been in America at Woodbridge, N. J., in 1710, but subse- 
 quently returned to England, where his second marriage in St. 
 Paul's Cathedral is recorded on January 14, 1743, to Hester 
 Coleman. 
 
 In our home in East Orange we have an interesting 
 souvenir of Judge Henry Freeman in his beautiful mahogany hall 
 clock, which marks the hours to-day as deliberately and cheerily 
 as it did in his lifetime. Above the dial is a painting on brass of 
 a sea-fight in which the conquering frigate flies the Union Jack of 
 Great Britain, while the other man-of-war shows the white flag 
 
 112 
 
HENRY FREEMAN'S CLOCK 
 Two Hundred Years Old 
 
 TOMBSTONES OF HENRY FREEMAN, 2nd, 1717-1784 
 
 and of the wife of Henry Freeman 3rd, who was the mother of Lieutenant 
 
 Edgar Freeman, U. S. Navy. Presbyterian Churchyard, Woodbridge. 
 
of surrender. Engraved on a brass plate attached to the face of 
 the dial is the name "Moses Ogden," presumably the maker of 
 this venerable time-piece, which has been passed down through 
 seven generations of Henry Freeman's descendants. 
 
 Henry Freeman, 1717-1784, son of Judge Freeman, married 
 Mary Read, whose brother, Rev. Israel Read, was graduated in 
 the first class from Princeton College in 1748, with Richard 
 Stockton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Israel Read 
 was the first regularly installed pastor of the Presbyterian church 
 at Bound Brook ; subsequently was in charge of the church at 
 New Brunswick, and for over thirty years was a trustee of 
 Princeton College. 
 
 
 v. 
 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF WOODBRIDGE, N. J. 
 
 Built by Joel Freeman in 1803. Replaced the first church erected in 1675. The 
 original large shingles and hand^wrought nails may still be seen on the outer walls. 
 During 240 years this congregation has worshipped in only the two structures. 
 
 114 
 
The next in line, Israel Freeman, named for his uncle, Rev. 
 Israel Read, was born in 1742, and became a soldier in the 
 revolution. He married Louisa Miller and settled at Pray Hill, 
 near Richfield Springs, N. Y. We have a graceful pair of sugar- 
 tongs which belonged to the wife of Israel Freeman, marked with 
 her initials, "L. M." 
 
 Israel Freeman's son, Joel Freeman, 1770-1835, in 1803 built 
 the Presbyterian church still standing in Woodbridge. This was 
 during the fifty-two-year pastorate of Rev. Azel Roe, the patriot 
 preacher who was confined in the Sugar House prison in New 
 York during the revolution. 
 
 In the year 1800 Joel Freeman built the Freeman homestead, 
 which also remains to this day. The adjoining home was that 
 of the Harriott family, who then spelled the name Herriott, and 
 whose tombstones likewise adjoin those of the Freeman family in 
 the Presbyterian churchyard. The Harriotts are descendants of 
 the family which gave Heriot's Hospital to Edinburgh in Scotland. 
 Their ancestor was the brother of George Heriot, the philan- 
 thropic goldsmith of James I., a familiar character to all readers 
 of Scott's "Fortunes of Nigel." This good man left no children, 
 and in memory of his wife, Alison Primrose, of the family of 
 the earls of Roseberry, founded the famous school for the free 
 education and up-bringing of Edinburgh youth. In Walter Scott's 
 time the fund had increased to the extent that it then provided 
 for 130 boys annually. He declared that "George Heriot left the 
 most magnificent proofs of his benevolence and charity that the 
 capital of Scotland has to display." 
 
 April 2, 1801, Joel Freeman married Nancy McMinn, daugh- 
 ter of Alexander McMinn, who came from the Isle of \\ nithorn, 
 in Scotland, in 1774. I have his inventory of the books which he 
 brought with him to America, dated New York, July 20, 1774; 
 also a few of the volumes listed and a statement written on parch- 
 ment, dated October 20, 1750, and signed by the town clerk of 
 Irvine, in Scotland, declaring that William McMind (father of 
 Alexander McMinn), merchant of Montserrat, in the West Indies, 
 was on that day "Admitted and received Burgess and Gild Brother 
 of the said Burgh, and the whole privileges, Libertys and Im- 
 munitys thereof were Conferred upon him, in ample form, who 
 gave his Oath of fidelity as the Custom is." Two years after his 
 arrival in America Alexander McMinn was married to Rachel 
 Campbell on May 5, 1776, by Rev. Azel Roe. She was the 
 
daughter of Dugald Campbell, a revolutionary soldier and son 
 of Neil Campbell, whose father, John Campbell, 1659-1731, lies 
 under the oldest tombstone in the graveyard at Metuchen, N. J. 
 John's father, John Campbell, was one of the earliest proprietors 
 of East Jersey and a member of the Assembly in 1686. His daugh- 
 ter Ann married John Stevens, and from this union are descended 
 the Stevens family of Castle Point, N. J. John Campbell came 
 from Scotland not only to look after his own holdings, but also 
 those of the Earl of Perth, for whom the town of Perth Amboy 
 was named. 
 
 OLD FREEMAN FURNITURE. 
 When Rachel Campbell, the widow of A 1 exander McMinn, 
 moved from the home of her brother, Neil Campbell, in Metuchen 
 to live with her daughter, Nancy McMinn, the wife of Joel 
 Freeman, in the house which he built in 1800, she brought with 
 her two handsome mahogany chests of drawers with cupboards 
 above. These have made only one other move since, of less than 
 20 miles, to our home in East Orange, where they are prized 
 along with several other pieces of furniture with which Joel 
 
 JOEL FREEMAN'S 
 WRITING DESK 
 
 Built by himself 
 
 Freeman and his wife set up housekeeping in their new home. 
 These include a maple writing desk built by Joel Freeman himself, 
 a plain mahogany parlor table with leaves, two round maple tables, 
 one large and one small ; seven painted rush-bottom chairs, two 
 cane-seated chairs, three straight-backed chairs, a set of five 
 spindle-backed chairs with three rocking chairs to match, the 
 
 116 
 
Bust by EMID YANDELL, Scu'ptor 
 
 and reduced signature of Joel Francis Freeman, 1836' 
 1810. A sketch of his life will be found in volume XV 
 of the National Cyclopedia of American Biogrophy, 
 pages 276 and 277. 
 
 117 
 
brass andirons used in the parlor and the brass and steel andirons 
 used in the big fireplace in the dining room. The mahogany 
 table with elaborately carved legs belonged to Lieutenant Edgar 
 Freeman, 1789-1871. His line of the family became extinct when 
 his daughter, Gertrude Freeman, died in 1914. In her will she 
 bequeathed to me her father's miniature and the tea service of 
 Sheffield plate presented to him by his brother officers when he 
 retired from the navy in 1828. A sketch of his life will be 
 found on page 119. I make mention of these venerable household 
 effects for the reason that I am now the only person living who 
 knows the history of the o 1 d pieces. I wish the record of them 
 preserved and I know of no better way to preserve it than to 
 print it in this little volume. 
 
 FRANCES MARIA ABBEY 
 
 Widow of Joel Francis Freeman and donor of the Abbey- 
 Memorial. From the statuette by Enid Yandell, sculptor. 
 The donor and all of her four children were born in the 
 Western Reserve of Connecticut in Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Alexander Freeman, 1807-1839, son of Joel Freeman, mar- 
 ried Hannah Maria Low, a member of the Dutch family on whose 
 land Vassar College now stands, and a descendant of the Mott, 
 Fort and Pell families. These were the parents of Joel Francis 
 Freeman, 1836-1910, of East Orange, N. J., who married Frances 
 Maria Abbey, daughter of Judge Seth Alden Abbey, and donor 
 of the Abbey Memorial in Enfield. 
 
 118 
 
Lieutenant Edgar Freeman, U* S, N. 
 
 Lieutenant Edgar Freeman, 1789-1871, son of Israel Free- 
 man's youngest brother, Henry Freeman, 3d, had an eventful 
 career. In 1811, when twenty-two, he entered the United States 
 Navy as a midshipman. The same year he was assigned to the 
 "Hornet/'' under command of the famous Captain Lawrence. 
 The following year he was transferred to the "Nautilus," which 
 was the first American man-of-war captured by the British in 
 the war of 1812. After a long chase by a squadron of four 
 
 LIEUT. EDGAR FREEMAN, U. S. N. 
 
 Who received a vote of thanks from Congress for heroism in the shipwreck of the 
 "Chippewa." From the miniature by Frank Potter. 
 
 frigates and a ship of the line, the "Nautilus" was taken on July 
 16, 1812. Midshipman Freeman was made a prisoner of war and 
 taken with the others to Halifax, but all were soon exchanged. 
 He was then ordered to join Commodore Chauncey at Sackett's 
 Harbor, N. Y., with a draft of men. In passing through the 
 Highlands of the Hudson the vessel was struck by a squall and 
 capsized, all hands being thrown overboard except five in the 
 
 119 
 
forecastle, who were drowned. The inquest was held in New- 
 burgh, and young Freeman then proceeded to Sackett's Harbor 
 with the balance of the draft. He took part in the capture of 
 Little York (now Toronto), and was in other engagements on 
 Lake Ontario until the end of the war. 
 
 Among his mates while a midshipman was a lad of distin- 
 guished Spanish ancestry, whose father, like Lafayette, had 
 volunteered in the cause of American independence, and is said to 
 have saved the life of Washington at the battle of Cowpens. 
 The boy was twelve years younger than Midshipman Freeman, 
 who used to write his letters home for him. This lad became the 
 celebrated Admiral Farragut of the Civil War, of whom Joseph 
 H. Choate said at the unveiling of his statue by St. Gaudens in 
 Madison Square, New York, that "it was reserved for Farragut, 
 as he was bearing down upon the death-dealing batteries of the 
 rebels at Mobile, to hoist nothing less than himself into the rigging 
 of his flagship, as the living signal of duty done, that the world 
 might see that what England had only expected America had 
 fully realized, and that every man, from the rear-admiral down, 
 was faithful. Farragut learned from his cradle that the first and 
 last duty of an American is to his country; that to live for her 
 is honor, and to die for her is glory." 
 
 I have a manuscript of Lieutenant Freeman in which he 
 narrates the chief events of his naval career. He particularly 
 describes the cruise of the "Independence" in the Mediterranean 
 after the war of 1812. At Genoa Commodore Bainbridge and the 
 other officers entertained Lord Byron, who showed much gratifi- 
 cation on finding many copies of his poems in the ship's cabin. 
 At Malaga they were "most sumptuously entertained by our most 
 worthy consul, Mr. Kirkpatrick, his amiable lady and two accom- 
 plished daughters, one of them now the mother of Eugenie, the 
 present Empress of France." I have also his commission as 
 lieutenant, received while master of the frigate "Congress." It 
 is signed by President Monroe and dated March 5, 1817. 
 
 When the "Chippewa" was wrecked on a sunken rock in the 
 Coycos Islands, in the Bahamas, in 1817, Lieutenant Freeman, 
 in the darkness of night, safely landed all his crew on a desert 
 island, three miles to the south. They were without food or water. 
 Commodore Reed proposed that the lieutenant return for pro- 
 visions, if he could get men to volunteer. He could get but five to 
 go. They boarded the wreck in a fearful sea and secured sufficient 
 
 120 
 
food and water to keep all alive until they were rescued and taken 
 to Turk's Island. In this undertaking Lieutenant Freeman was 
 so severely injured that he had to remain for three months with 
 the governor of the island before he was sufficiently recovered to 
 be removed. For the injuries received and meritorious conduct 
 he received a vote of thanks from Congress and a pension for life. 
 
 His next service was on the "Saranac," sent to break up the 
 slave trade. Seven slavers were captured. After this the "Sara- 
 nac" touched at Fernandina, then a piratical rendezvous, captured 
 the fort with the assistance of Colonel Bankhard's troops from 
 Point Piter, up the St. Mary's river, and left the colonel in charge. 
 After a cruise of eighteen months the "Saranac" returned to New 
 York, and Lieutenant Freeman was assigned to duty under Com- 
 modore Deacon on Lake Erie. While in charge of the navy yard 
 at Erie he and his fellow officers entertained Commodore Perry 
 and General Lafayette. 
 
 Edgar Freeman retired from the navy in 1828 and returned 
 to his birthplace, Woodbridge, N. J., and for three successive 
 terms of five years each was appointed county judge of Middlesex 
 county. I was invited to represent his service in the war of 1812 
 in the Veteran Corps of Artillery, which is the oldest military 
 organization in New York State, with a membership based on 
 the services of ancestors like the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 A NOTE OF EXPLANATION. 
 
 To the casual reader the multitude of dates and minor 
 details included in this pamphlet may appear trivial and tiresome ; 
 some may think the Enfield Memorial overladen with inscriptions. 
 On the memorial have been recorded as many material facts as 
 possible of local and family history; in the pamphlet I have 
 endeavored once and for all to gather in permanent form for the 
 benefit of the families mentioned in the inscriptions and for. their 
 descendants such additional facts of their ancestry as I have been 
 able to collect during my lifetime. 
 
 12! 
 
Connecticut's Western Reserve in Ohio 
 
 Personal Recollections of Cleveland Celebrities 
 
 A remarkable group of men and women lived in the neighbor- 
 hood of my childhood home in Cleveland, Ohio. Two doors above 
 us in Prospect street lived the parents of Mark Hanna, in a house 
 shaded by two huge horsechestnut trees typical of the Buckeye 
 State. Next door, on the other side, lived Mr. Bragg, who was 
 a school principal and later became the head of the school-book 
 trust in Cincinnati. Later the same house was occupied by the 
 head of the Cleveland public library and his son, William H. 
 Beardsley, now president of the Florida East Coast Railway 
 Company, the great Flagler system built over the Florida Keys. 
 Around the corner in Cheshire street lived William A. Rockefeller 
 and his sons, John D. and William Rockefeller. 
 
 One block away, in Euclid avenue, lived U. S. Senator Henry 
 B. Payne, whose wife was a daughter of Nathan Perry, a 
 pioneer settler of Cleveland. Next to the Payne house is the 
 Perry homestead, a charming old house, with some of the 
 original wallpaper still carefully preserved on its walls. In my 
 boyhood days the wide fields adjoining were known as Perry's 
 pasture and were the favorite playground of the boys of the 
 neighborhood. Later the famous mayor of Cleveland, Tom John- 
 son, lived in a house built on a part of this pasture lot. Senator 
 Payne's son, Colonel Oliver Hazard Payne, served with distinc- 
 tion in the civil war, and was later treasurer of the Standard Oil 
 Company, in which office my father was his successor. My 
 father afterward became treasurer of the Standard Oil Trust, 
 which was devised by S. C. T. Dodd, known as "The Father of 
 Trusts," who was a very successful lawyer and witty after- 
 dinner speaker. When, in 1889, my father retired from the 
 treasurership of the trust to become chairman of the board of 
 the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad, he was succeeded by 
 William T. Wardwell, at one time the Prohibition candidate for 
 President of the United States. Senator Payne's daughter, Flora 
 Payne, married William C. Whitney, secretary of the navy under 
 President Cleveland, and, became the social leader of that admin- 
 istration. 
 
 Not far from the home of Senator Payne lived Colonel John 
 Hay, who had been private secretary to President Lincoln, was 
 later ambassador to England, and finally secretary of state, 
 
 J22 
 
negotiating the "open door" policy with China. He was credited 
 in Cleveland with the authorship of the popular novel, "Bread 
 Winners," published anonymously, with the scene obviously laid 
 in the vicinity of Colonel Hay's home. In his keen instinct for 
 character he was a diviner of men, their greatness and meanness, 
 and scented a villain afar off, no matter how highly placed. For 
 Napoleon III. he conceived an instant disgust, but his supreme 
 aversion was the present German Kaiser. In 1900 he wrote to 
 his closest friend : "At least we are spared the infamy of an 
 alliance with Germany. 1 would rather, I think, be the dupe of 
 China than the chum of the Kaiser." 
 
 Next door to John Hay lived his father-in-law, Amasa Stone, 
 who caused the removal of the Western Reserve University from 
 Hudson to Cleveland, and endowed and named its classical 
 department Adelbert College, in memory of his son, for whom 
 Colonel Hay's son, Adelbert Hay, was also named. Although the 
 Case School of Applied Science, established by my uncle, Henry 
 G. Abbey, as sole trustee of the late Leonard Case, has no legal 
 connection with Western Reserve University, it is practically the 
 scientific department of the university, just as Adelbert College 
 is the classical department. 
 
 The eldest daughter of Seth Alden Abbey was Hannah W r ard 
 Abbey, who, in 1848, married John Ingersoll, member of a 
 pioneer family of the Western Reserve in Ohio. In May, 1850, 
 he went by way of the Isthmus to California, where he met his 
 brother-in-law, Henry Gilbert Abbey, who had preceded him in the 
 rush of 1849. I remember my uncle's mother very well. She 
 was Polly Perry, of the town of Lee, in Massachusetts, and mar- 
 ried Nathan Ingersoll, January 17, 1812. They soon migrated to 
 Ohio, going by way of Albany and the Mohawk Valley. The 
 bride rode horseback most of the journey, which lasted six 
 weeks. 
 
 Polly Perry Ingersoll had a keen intellect and active mind. 
 She lived to be ninety, and I have heard her tell how, one after- 
 noon in September, when they had been settled for about a year 
 on their farm on the heights above Cleveland, they heard con- 
 tinuous thunder under a cloudless sky, which later proved to be the 
 heavy cannonading of the battle of Lake Erie, in which her 
 kinsman, Oliver Hazard Perry, won his famous victory. 
 
 Near neighbors of the Hay and Stone families were the 
 Boardman family, of which Miss Mabel T. Boardman is now the 
 
 123 
 
head of the American Red Cross Society. One of my mother's 
 schoolmates in Cleveland was Constance Fenimore Woolson, the 
 novelist and great-niece of James Fenimore Cooper. While 
 attending the Cleveland high school I remember that Professor 
 Hotze, the teacher of physics, never tired of telling us about his 
 favorite pupil, Charles F. Brush, who, while still a student, was 
 so proficient that the professor placed him in charge of the 
 chemical and physical laboratory of the high school. Mr. Brush 
 built himself a fine home in Euclid avenue. 
 
 When John Hay retired as ambassador to Great Britain the 
 embassy continued to be presided over by a Cleveland woman, 
 for the wife of Joseph H. Choate is the daughter of Frederick A. 
 Sterling and the sister of Dr. Elisha Sterling. Dr. Sterling was 
 one of the Case "Arkites" and lives on the "Nabob," or north 
 side of Euclid avenue. The south side, with its more modest 
 homes and less extensive lawns, was called the "Bob" side 
 in the days of my boyhood. A Cleveland boy who lived in 
 Prospect street, on the block above our home, went to West 
 Point, and is now General Clarence R. Edwards, and in 
 command of the troops stationed on the Panama Canal. I 
 also vividly recall a little girl in our Sunday school at the 
 Second Presbyterian church. She had black eyes and very blonde 
 hair, and her beauty later caused a furore in Europe. Edward 
 VII., then Prince of Wales, described her as "the girl with the 
 gipsy eyes and angel hair." This was Jennie Chamberlain, now 
 Lady Naylor-Leland, in whose house in London Whistler painted 
 his famous "Peacock Room." 
 
 A chiel's amang ye takin' notes, 
 An' faith he'll prent it ! 
 
 Robert Burns. 
 
 NOTE 
 The reader has doubtless noted the quotations which make a considerable part 
 of this little volume. They form quite a complete collection of the oratory and 
 eloquence which have inspired our national life from pre-revolutionary times 
 down to the present day. 
 
 124 
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 In concluding I should be guilty of injustice if I did not 
 acknowledge my debt to that most painstaking, reliable and 
 untiring of genealogists, Mr. James Allen Kibbe, of Warehouse 
 Point, Connecticut, the compiler of "The History of Enfield," 
 whose help has guided my researches into their most interesting, 
 remote and, to me, valuable discoveries. 
 
 I wish to express my appreciation of the very practical and 
 efficient assistance of Air. Allen B. Hathaway, chairman of the 
 First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield, and the courtesy and 
 helpfulness of the Selectmen of the town of Enfield ; also my 
 indebtedness to Mr. Normand F. Allen, of Hartford; to Mr. 
 Franklin J. Sheldon, of Enfield, and to Mrs. William A. Abbe, 
 president of the Historical Society of Enfield, all of whom have 
 been helpful and sympathetic. 
 
 Nor can I close without a word of appreciation to Mr. Will- 
 iam M. Kendall for the beautiful classical design of the seats, 
 which was his conception ; to Mr. Ernest F. Lewis for his patient 
 study and artistic execution of the drawings, especially those for 
 the seals ; in fact, to all connected with the firm of McKim, Mead 
 & W r hite, especially mentioning Mr. Leland S. Sudlow, the gen- 
 eral superintendent, and Mr. John Vegezzi, the draughtsman who 
 designed the lettering; to Donnelly & Ricci, who modeled the 
 pedestal, seats and seals, and to Mr. Ulysses Ricci, the sculptor 
 of the seals ; to Mr. V. David Newman, of Romulus, N. Y., 
 to whom I am indebted for many of the photographs which illus- 
 trate this pamphlet, including those of the twenty seals ; and to 
 Mr. Edwin Shuttleworth, who contracted for all the marble and 
 other material and has executed the work with efficiency and 
 dispatch. The marble used is from the Ross quarry in Tennessee, 
 being the same stone as that used in the Morgan library in New 
 York. Mr. Fry's noble figure of Captain Abbey needs no enco- 
 mium from me. It speaks for itself in beauty, dignity and 
 strength. 
 
 I do not wish the Abbey Memorial to share the fate of the 
 Perry Monument in my native city of Cleveland. The beautiful 
 white marble statue of Commodore Perry, with its supporting 
 figures of sailor boys, was originally erected in the middle of the 
 Public Square. On the introduction of electric lighting the Perry 
 Monument was moved to the centre of one of the quarter sections 
 
 125 
 
of the square to make place for a gigantic pole. Later, the second 
 location was sought for a memorial to the women of the Civil 
 War, and Commodore Perry was again moved, this time to a 
 suburban park on the lake shore. I consulted my long-time 
 friend, Hon. Julian A. Gregory, Mayor of East Orange, 191 1- 
 1915, as to preventing similar migrations on the part of the statue 
 of Captain Abbey. Mr. Gregory made an exhaustive search of 
 the statutes of the State of Connecticut, in which is his summer 
 home at Wilton in Fairfield County. The result of his labors was 
 that, at a town meeting held in the venerable building* around 
 whose walls Thomas Abbey beat his drum, it was unanimously 
 voted by the people of Enfield on November 11, 1915, to give for 
 the Abbey Memorial in perpetuity the site on Enfield Green, 
 where the present town hall stood when it was Enfield's meeting 
 house. 
 
 Julian Arthur Gregory is the man who for years fought and 
 exposed the Democratic boss of New Jersey, United States 
 Senator James Smith, and by so doing prepared the way for his 
 final overthrow by Woodrow Wilson when Governor of New 
 Jersey. He is the only Democrat who was ever elected Mayor 
 of East Orange, normally a Republican stronghold. He gave 
 such an absolutely non-partisan and just administration of the 
 city's affairs that 100 members of the Republican Club of East 
 Orange united in a petition to this Democrat to stand for a second 
 term and he was re-elected by an overwhelming majority. With 
 great generosity Mr. Gregory donated his legal services in secur- 
 ing the site of the Abbey Memorial. 
 
 * An error. This town meeting was held in the Thompsonville sec- 
 tion of Enfield. Mr. Hathaway tells me that for some years the old 
 town hall has been abandoned for town meetings on account of its dis- 
 tance from the present center of population. I indulge the hope that, the 
 citizens of Enfield will unite to preserve this historic building as a 
 memorial of olden times. 
 
 Mr. T. W. Miller, who is superintending the erection of the memorial, 
 writes that in excavating for the foundation a circular brownstone wall 
 was uncovered. Mr. J, Warren Johnson tells me that this was the well 
 of the Town Pump, which stood a few feet north of the old meeting 
 house. It seems clear, therefore, that the memorial is located quite close 
 to the site of the church around which Captain Abbey beat the drum. 
 
 126 
 
Certified Copy of Grant of the Site for the Abbey 
 Memorial by the People of Enfield 
 
 The following is a certified copy of action taken at the Town 
 Meeting November 11th, 1915. in connection with Article Xo. 1 
 in the warning : 
 
 Art. 1. The fo 1 lowing letter and resolution was presented 
 by Allen B. Hathaway and William J. Mulligan moved its adop- 
 tion : 
 
 Letter : 
 
 September 24th, 1915. 
 Honorable Selectmen, 
 
 Enfield, Conn. 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 As you are undoubtedly aware, I am desirous of erecting a 
 monument to Capt. Thomas Abbey, a hero of the Revolutionary 
 War, and in connection with it a memorial to his ancestors and 
 descendants, and of giving this monument and memorial, upon 
 its completion, to the town of Enfield. I have had plans and 
 specfficationus drawn, and am now preparing to sign the con- 
 tracts for the completion of this work. Before signing the 
 contracts, calling for an expenditure of several thousand dollars, 
 I should like to be protected to the extent of knowing that the 
 monument will be acceptable to the citizens of Enfield, and that 
 the work may proceed to completion without interruption. 
 
 I am advised that the only safe course for me to pursue is 
 to obtain permission to erect the monument, and the acceptance 
 of my offer by action taken at a Town meeting. After consulta- 
 tion with a number of prominent citizens of Enfield, the site 
 recommended to me is upon the green, directly in front of the 
 Congregational Church, and half way between the highway and 
 the entrance to the Church. 
 
 It is my further intention to give to the Congregational 
 Church of Enfield, a sum of money sufficient to have the income 
 therefrom maintain, in good condition and repair, the monument 
 and memorial, together with the ground immediately surround- 
 ing it. 
 
 It will require, I am informed, about fourteen months from 
 the signing of the contract, for the sculptor to complete the 
 monument. I am therefore desirous of ascertaining whether, if 
 
 127 
 
my plan is agreeable to you, a town meeting can be called, at 
 which action may be taken approving of my offer, and authorizing 
 the erection and maintenance in perpetuity, of the statue and 
 memorial as proposed. 
 
 Very respectfuly yours, 
 
 ALDEN FREEMAN. 
 
 In presence of 
 Vern D. Newman 
 witness. 
 
 Resolution : 
 
 Whereas, Mr. Alden Freeman of the City of East Orange, 
 in the State of New Jersey, has offered to give to the Town of 
 Enfield, a statue of Captain Thomas Abbey, a former resident of 
 said Town, together with a base therefor, and to construct said 
 base and erect said statue thereon within the highway limits upon 
 the east side of the travelled path immediately in front of the 
 building of the First Ecclesiastical Society on Enfield Street, all 
 without expense to the town, and to give said First Ecclesiastical 
 Society a sum of money to be held as a permanent fund, the 
 income thereof to be applied to the care and maintenance of said 
 statue and base, which offer is set forth in a letter from said 
 Alden Freeman, dated September 24, 1915, and addressed to the 
 Selectmen of the Town, which letter has this day been read to 
 the voters of the Town in Town meeting duly assembled ; and 
 
 Whereas, Said First Ecclesiastical Society, acting by its 
 Society's Committee, thereunto duly authorized, has formal 1 y 
 consented to the location of said statue as hereinbefore described, 
 and to hold and invest said fund and use the income thereof for 
 the purposes stated; and 
 
 Whereas, A plan of said proposed statue and its base has 
 been submitted to the voters of the Town at said Town meeting; 
 
 Now, THEREFORE, It is voted that said offer be, and the same 
 hereby is accepted, and that upon the completion of said statue, 
 the First Selectman of the Town be authorized to accept the 
 same in the name of, and on behalf of the citizens of the Town ; 
 and that the said Alden Freeman, and his representatives, agents 
 and contractors be, and they hereby are authorized to proceed 
 with the erection of said statue, together with the base or pedestal 
 and seats or benches surrounding the same, within the highway 
 limits, upon the east side of the travelled path, immediately in 
 
 128 
 
AT WORK ON THE ABBEY MEMORIAL 
 
 In the yard of the Edwin Shuttleworth Co., Long Island City, N. Y. 
 
front of the building of the First Ecclesiastical Society, on Enfield 
 Street ; and to perform all the work necessary to be done in con- 
 nection with the erection and completion thereof, without any let, 
 hindrance, obstruction or delay on the part of the citizens and 
 voters of the town of Enfield, or their representatives ; and that 
 said statue when completed, shall not be destroyed or removed, 
 but shall always remain upon the site upon which it is erected, and 
 so long as it is maintained, repaired and kept in good condition. 
 
 Being put to vote, Resolution was Adopted. 
 Attest : A true copy of record. 
 
 J. HAMILTON POTTER, 
 
 Town Clerk. 
 
 WHAT HAS AMERICA DONE FOR MANKIND? 
 
 America, with the same voice which spoke herself into exis- 
 tence as a nation, proclaimed to mankind the inextinguishable 
 rights of human nature, and the only lawful foundations of gov- 
 ernment. America, in the assembly of nations, since her admis- 
 sion among them, has invariably, though often fruitlessly, held 
 forth to them the hand of honest friendship, of equal freedom, of 
 generous reciprocity. She has uniformly spoken among them, 
 though often to heedless and often to disdainful ears, the language 
 of equal liberty, equal justice and equal rights. She has, in the 
 lapse of nearly half a century, without a single exception, re- 
 spected the independence of other nations, while asserting and 
 maintaining her own. She has abstained from interference in 
 the concerns of others, even when the conflict has been for 
 principles to which she clings as to the last vital drop that visits 
 the heart. She has seen that probably for centuries to come 
 all the contests of that Aceldama, the European world, will be 
 contests between inveterate power and emerging right. Wherever 
 the standard of freedom and independence has been or shall be 
 unfurled, there will her heart, her benedictions and her prayers 
 be. But she goes not abroad in search of monsters to destroy. 
 She is the well-wisher to the freedom and independence of all. 
 She is the champion and vindicator only of her own. She well 
 knows that by once enlisting under other banners than her own, 
 were they even the banners of foreign independence, the funda- 
 mental maxims of her policy would insensibly change from liberty 
 to force. She might become the dictatress of the world; she 
 would no longer be the ruler of her own spirit. 
 
 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, JULY 4, 1821. 
 
 130 
 
THE DRUM OF LEXINGTON. 
 (Reflections for Patriots' Day.) 
 
 But yesterday I saw the historic drum 
 
 Which William Dimon beat 
 Upon that fateful far-off April morn 
 
 Along each winding street, 
 And on the memorable Green of Lexington, 
 
 Bidding the patriots come 
 And face the banded hosts of tyranny. 
 
 At the reveille was a nation born, 
 Pledged to the sacred rights of Liberty. 
 
 Xow, 'neath the rays of the same vernal sun. 
 
 Peace broods about the Green, 
 But it remembers yet, 
 
 Girdled with stately elms memorial, 
 The hurtle of the deadly musket ball, 
 
 And how its sod was wet 
 With sacrificial blood — the whole sad, ruthless scene. 
 
 Would that the drum of Lexington again 
 
 Might sound its summoning call, 
 Sound from the rocky coasts of Maine, 
 
 Where Agimenticus, inland, fronts the seas 
 To where the long trades sweep and swell and fall 
 
 Round the Floridian keys ! 
 Aye, sound from Puget, on which Shasta's crown 
 
 Majestically looks down, 
 E'en to the borders of that stricken land 
 
 Beyond the brown coils of the Rio Grande ! 
 
 131 
 
Have we grown sleek with sloth? q- 
 
 Sloughed the old virile spirit, taken on 
 Abasement for a garment? Are we loth 
 
 To rouse us, and to don 
 The rapt heroic valor once again 
 
 That girdled us when men indeed were men? 
 Caution and doubt and fear seem subtly crept 
 
 Upon us, and inept, 
 We stumble, falter, palter, and we need 
 
 Not the smooth word, but the swift searching deed. 
 If bleed we must, then rather let us bleed 
 
 Than sit inglorious, rich in all the things 
 Save those which honor brings ! 
 
 Now every slope of our dear land is fair 
 
 Beneath the azure of the April air ; 
 The impatient loam is ready for the seed, 
 
 But we ? Take heed, take heed, 
 My brothers ! And O you, brave wraith 
 
 Of dauntlessness and faith, 
 You, William Dimon, come ! 
 
 Come, sound the old reveille on your drum, 
 The drum of Lexington, 
 
 And make us all, in steadfast purpose, one ! 
 
 Clinton Scollard. 
 New York Sun, April 19, 1916. 
 
 132 
 
AMERICA'S DEBT TO THE MEMORY OF WASHINGTON 
 AND HIS ASSOCIATES. 
 
 Americans, this God who raised up Washington and gave 
 you liberty exacts from you the duty of cherishing it with a 
 zeal according to knowledge. Never sully by apathy or outrage 
 your fair inheritance. Risk not for one moment on visionary 
 theories the solid blessings of your lot. To you particularly, O 
 youth of America, applies the solemn charge. In all the perils 
 of your country, remember Washington. The freedom of reason 
 and of right has been handed down to you on the point of the 
 
 THE MATTHEW G. ANDERSON HOUSE 
 
 In Enfield Street 
 Washington passed a night in this house, which was built in 1708. 
 
 hero's sword. Guard with veneration the sacred deposit. The 
 curse of ages will rest upon you, O youth of America, if ever 
 you surrender to foreign ambition or domestic lawlessness the 
 precious liberties for which Washington fought and your fathers 
 bled. 1 cannot part with you, fellow citizens, without urging the 
 long remembrance of our present assembly. This day we wipe 
 away the reproach of republics, that they know not how to be 
 grateful. In your treatment of living patriots recall your love 
 and your regret of Washington.— John Mitchell Mason's funeral 
 oration on Washington, February 22, 1800. 
 
 133 
 
WHAT AMERICA STANDS FOR. 
 
 [Words of President Wilson on His Preparedness Tour.] 
 
 America was born into the world to do mankind's service, 
 and no man is an American in whom the desire to do mankind's 
 service does not take precedence over the desire to serve himself. 
 If I believed that the might of America was any threat to any 
 free man in the world I would wish America to be weak. But 
 I believe that the might of America is the might of righteous 
 purpose and of a sincere love of mankind. — Pittsburg, January 
 28, 1916. 
 
 Did you ever stop to reflect just what it is that America 
 stands for? If she stands for one thing more than another it is 
 for the sovereignty of self-governing people, and her example, 
 her assistance, her encouragement, have thrilled two continents 
 in this western world with all those fine impulses which have built 
 up human liberty on both sides of the water. She stands, there- 
 fore, as an example of independence, as an example of free 
 institutions, and as an example of disinterested international 
 action in the main tenets of justice. — Pittsburg, January 28, 1916. 
 
 Why is it that each nation turns to us with the instinctive 
 feeling that if anything touches humanity it touches us? Because 
 it knows that ever since we were born as a nation we have 
 undertaken to be the champions of humanity and of the rights 
 of man. Without that ideal there would be nothing that would 
 distinguish America from her predecessors in the history of 
 nations. Why is it that men that love liberty have crowded to 
 these shores ? Why is it that we greet them as they enter the great 
 harbor of New York with that majestic Statue of Liberty holding 
 up a torch, whose visionary beams are supposed to spread abroad 
 over the waters of the world, and to say to all men: "Come to 
 America, where mankind is free and where we love all the works 
 of righteousness and of peace"? — Cleveland, January 29, 1916. 
 
 m 
 
Lincoln on Free Speech 
 
 I FEAR YOU DO NOT FULLY COMPREHEND THE 
 DANGER OF ABRIDGING THE LIBERTIES OF THE 
 PEOPLE. A GOVERNMENT HAD BETTER GO TO THE 
 VERY EXTREME OF TOLERATION THAN TO DO 
 AUGHT THAT COULD BE CONSTRUED INTO AN 
 INTERFERENCE WITH OR TO JEOPARDIZE IN ANY 
 DEGREE THE COMMON RIGHTS OF THE CITIZEN. 
 
 This was President Lincoln's answer to the friends who 
 besought him to suppress the Chicago Times during the Civil 
 War. 
 
 135 
 
DEDICATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ABBEY MEMORIAL 
 
 ON 
 
 ENFIELD GREEN 
 
 Saturday Afternoon, November 4, 1916 
 
 AT TWO O'CLOCK 
 
THE ENFIELD COMMITTEES. 
 
 Allen B. Hathaway, Chairman 
 
 SELECTMEN OF ENFIELD. 
 
 Albert J. Epstein Robert Hawthorne 
 
 John Savage 
 J. Hamilton Potter, Town Clerk 
 
 FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF ENFIELD. 
 
 J. Warren Johnson Deacon Herbert E. Vail 
 
 Deacon Harlan P. Parsons Mrs. Frank H. Abbe 
 
 Deacon Robert F. King Mrs. William K. Henry 
 
 Mrs. David C. Reid 
 
 THOMPSONVILLE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Lyman A. Upson Arthur R. Leete 
 
 Alvin D. Higgins William Calderwood 
 
 Senator Thomas G. Alcorn William J. Hughes 
 
 William H. Leete W. J. Liberty 
 
 HAZARDVILLE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Andrew Gordon H. Stephen Bridge 
 
 George J. Gordon Francis P. Leary 
 
 Jacob Thorne 
 wallup and weymouth. 
 Levi P. Abbe Seth Phelps 
 
 the shakers. 
 Elder Shepperd 
 
 KING STREET. 
 
 James D. Price Charles T. Abbe 
 
 Harry E. Allen 
 decoration committee. 
 Normand F. Allen Wtll Sexton 
 
 William A. Abbe Will Allen 
 
 the press. 
 William J. Hughes Harvey Brainard 
 
 AUTOMOBILE PARKING AND TRAFFIC. 
 
 Ernest W. Woodward W. J. Connors 
 
 Albert F. Baker P. J. Rogers 
 
 DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 
 
 Mrs. Normand F. Allen Mrs. Allen B. Hathaway 
 
 OLD TOWN HALL COMMITTEE. 
 
 Major Franklin J. Sheldon Ernest W. Woodward 
 
 139 
 
-^f 
 
 ENFIELD CHURCH 
 Photographed by de Witt C. Ward 
 
USHERS AT ENFIELD CHURCH. 
 
 Warren B. Johnson Rollin F. Parsons 
 
 Leroy L. Day Charles C. Chapin 
 
 Harry E. Allen Edward Kingsbury 
 
 reception committee. 
 James Aleen Kibbe R. Ensign Abbe 
 
 Normand F. Allen William A. Abbe 
 
 Frank H. Abbe George T. Mathewson 
 
 Levi P. Abbe Harry S. Woodward 
 
 INVOCATION. 
 By Rev. David C. Reid, Pastor of the First Congregational 
 Church of Enfield. 
 "Almighty God, leather of all mercies, we, Thine unworthy 
 servants, do give Thee most humble and hearty thanks for all 
 Thy goodness and loving kindness to us and to all men. We 
 bless Thee for our creation, preservation and all the blessings of 
 life, but above all for Thine inestimable love in the redemption 
 of the world by our Lord Jesus Christ; for the means of grace, 
 and for the hope of g 1 ory. And we beseech Thee give us that 
 due sense of all Thy mercies, that our hearts may be unfeignedly 
 thankful, and that we may show forth Thy praise not only with 
 our lips, but in our lives, by giving up ourselves to Thy service 
 and by walking before Thee in righteousness and holiness all our 
 days ; through Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom, with Thee and 
 the Ho 1 y Spirit, be all honor and glory, world without end. 
 Amen." 
 
 And we thank Thee, Almighty God, Father of all nations, 
 that Thou didst early plant the tree of liberty in this land of ours, 
 and didst cause it to grow and become strong and spread its 
 branches abroad to bear fruit for the healing of all nations. We 
 thank Thee that in all the course and strugg 1 es of this nation's 
 history, Thou hast been our Leader ; and that when our republic 
 was in the throes of national birth, and when the minds of men 
 were uncertain and their hearts filled with ferr; when they knew 
 not which side to take, or which way to go, then Thou didst 
 cause the people to fix their eyes on the star of liberty, union and 
 democracy, and led by that star, to find the land of a free, a 
 united and an enlightened people. 
 
 For these and other national blessings we render Thee hearty 
 thanks through Jesus Christ our Lord. 
 
 141 
 
And Heavenly Father, thou God of the patriots, as we pro- 
 ceed in the ceremonies of this hour, as we unveil this monument 
 placed here to commemorate the deeds of one of our ancestors 
 who helped here and elsewhere to give this nation a birth in 
 liberty ; as we contemplate the names of his descendants, who 
 have distinguished themselves by important services, we thank 
 Thee not only for the patriotism of the father and the mother of 
 revolutionary times, but also that the patriotism and the virtues 
 of the father and the mother have descended to their sons and 
 daughters even unto the third and the fourth generations ; and 
 have been fruitful in the many parts of this land wherever provi- 
 dence has led them to make their home. 
 
 And we thank Thee for all the patriots of all that early time, 
 and for all their descendants who have labored to make this a 
 land of liberty and light and of united effort for the highest wel- 
 fare of all the people. 
 
 And Thou who art the God of the present and of the future 
 years, as we recall the patriotism of past generations, we offer 
 a humble petition for ourselves and for the years to come. Grant, 
 oh God, that we may emulate the patriotism and the virtues of 
 our ancestors ; grant that we may be able still to keep our eyes 
 fixed upon the star that guided our fathers, — the star of liberty 
 and union, which are still "one and inseparable, now and for- 
 ever." 
 
 And do Thou give us the vision of true citizens and true 
 statesmen, that we may be able to see the agents that work for 
 liberty and union ami see also those that do not. And grant that 
 we may be able ever to choose and cherish the one as we would the 
 joys of heaven, and shun and oppose the other as we would the 
 woes of hell. 
 
 And we pray for all nations of the earth. And as our orig- 
 inal thirteen co 1 onies, by following the star of liberty and union, 
 grew into a united, mighty people with peace established within 
 their borders, so may all nations of the earth learn together to 
 follow that same star of hope. And grant that they may follow 
 that star until they shall arrive at true international liberty, with 
 a true international union in a League of Peace embracing all 
 nations of the earth, which shall work together for the common 
 international good. 
 
 And so may the words spoken by prophets of old be fulfi 1 led, 
 when the whole earth shall be filled with prosperity and gladness 
 and the desert places shall rejoice and blossom as the rose. 
 
 142 
 
And to this end, oh Thou Father of love, bring us all, as 
 individuals, communities and nations, under the dominion of the 
 law of Christ, which is the law of love. Give us then that love 
 which will do no wrong to one's neighbor, which will unite all 
 hearts and all nations as one and will bring in everywhere "peace 
 on earth and good will among men." Amen. 
 
 SOLO— "AMERICA." 
 
 By Mme. Florence Mulford of the Metropolitan Opera Company, 
 New York, accompanied by Gerald Maas on the 'Cello. 
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 
 By J. Warren Johnson, Esq., of Enfield. 
 
 It is doubted by some that the news of the battle of Lex- 
 ington could have reached Enfield on Thursday afternoon, April 
 20, 1775. On Wednesday, April 19, 1775, the first blood of the 
 American Revolution was shed at Lexington, Mass. The news 
 reached Enfield on the afternoon of April 20, 1775. Isaac Kibbe 
 kept the tavern near the church, and as soon as the messenger 
 arrived, Kibbe procured a drum and Thomas Abbe beat the long 
 roll about the church. It was then the custom, which was kept 
 up until within the memory of the speaker, that all the churches 
 held mid-week meetings at the church on Thursday afternoon 
 of each week, in which a lecture was given by the pastor. The 
 meeting being held on Thursday afternoon, April 20, 1775, was 
 broken up by Thomas Abbe's drumming, and without the usual 
 decorum the congregation rushed out to learn the cause of the 
 uproar. They dispersed to their homes and that night every 
 person in Enfield knew about the fight at Lexington. The next 
 morning seventy-five of the Minute Men of Enfield marched 
 for Boston, each with his flint-lock musket and powder horn. 
 Not all of the seventy-five reached Boston, but Thomas Abbe did. 
 W T e have all their names, and I will caU "The Long Roll" of 
 the Minute Men of Enfield on April 20, 1775 : 
 
 Nathaniel Terry, Major Daniel Kingsbury 
 
 Richard Abbe, Lieutenant Barzilia.Markham 
 
 John Simons, Captain Corporals 
 
 Joseph Booth, Ensign David Chandler 
 
 Skrgkants Ehphalet Killam 
 
 Samuel Jones Elihu Geer 
 
 Jonathan Bush John Simons, 2nd 
 
 143 
 
Privates 
 
 Nathaniel Chandler 
 Samuel Pease 
 Thomas Hale 
 Jacob Terry, Jr. 
 John Pease, 2nd 
 Samuel Hale 
 James Green 
 Seth Hall 
 Peter Pero 
 Thomas Abbe 
 Jabez Parsons 
 Daniel Prior 
 John Abbe 
 Joseph Gleason 
 Isaac Pease 
 Oliver Bush 
 Moses Bush 
 Moses Warner 
 Edmund Bement 
 John McLester 
 Nathan Markham 
 Daniel Burbank 
 Hezekiah Parsons 
 Samuel Hemingway 
 John Chandler 
 Benjamin Herrington 
 Thomas Pease 
 Solomon Gaines 
 Richard Fairman • 
 John Crosby 
 Levi French 
 John Parsons 
 
 Eliphalet Collins 
 Josiah Blakesley 
 Asahel Parsons 
 Aaron Pease, Jr. 
 Ebenezer M. Gregory 
 David Phelps, Jr. 
 Asa Meacham 
 Isaac Markham 
 Shadrach Terry 
 Christopher Marshall 
 Samuel Kingsbury 
 Henry Booth 
 Benajah Griswold 
 Nathaniel Lamb 
 Aaron Waters 
 Zebulun Pease 
 Titus Fairman 
 Ambrose Markham 
 Jacob Fairman 
 Jonathan Allen 
 John Hall 
 John Morrison 
 Jacob Shepard 
 Ebenezer Parsons 
 Peter Parsons 
 Gideon Pease 
 Abram Whipple 
 James Pease 
 Peter Reynolds 
 Daniel Terry 
 Hezekiah Parsons 
 
 Some of the above named never reached Boston. The Red 
 Coats having retreated, many of them returned home. Hezekiah 
 Parsons, Captain and Thomas Abbe and Barzilia Markham, Lieu- 
 tenants, and thirty-two others marched on and remained in the 
 vicinity of Boston until winter. 
 
 We have also the names of fourteen Enfie 1 d men who lost 
 their lives in the Revolutionary War : 
 
 Freegrace Bi 1 lings Lieutenant Noah Phelps 
 
 144 
 
Edward Collins Levi Terry 
 
 John Allen Oliver Pease 
 
 Jedediah Meacham Joseph Hall 
 
 Benjamin Gains Nathaniel Pease 
 
 Isaac French George Pease 
 
 Oliver Parsons Farnum 
 
 Both of these lists were compiled by my father, Aholiab 
 Johnson, for the Centennial Exercises, held in Enfield on July 4, 
 1876. Both he and I were speakers on that occasion and the lists 
 were printed in an Historical Sketch of the Town of EnfieM 
 prepared by him. Mr. Freeman says that my father's enthusiasm 
 inspired Benjamin Taylor to write "The Captain's Drum," and 
 that except for Aholiab Johnson's efforts to keep the tradition 
 alive, Mr. Taylor's inspiring poem would never have been written, 
 nor would this noble statue have been erected. 
 
 For a long time previous to the Lexington fight the people 
 of America had expected such a clash, in fact longed for it, and 
 were prepared for it. Every town within a hundred miles of 
 Boston had its Minute Men ready with arms and ammunition 
 to start at once, and every town had its horse and rider ready 
 to carry the news to the next town. Ten miles an hour could 
 easily be made by a galloping horse, and Enfield could have been 
 reached within twenty-four hours. 
 
 Hezekiah Sheldon, who did much work many years ago for 
 the preservation of Suffield's local history, says in his little book 
 that the Suffield Minute Men marched to Springfield on the even- 
 ing of April 20th, and spent the night in Springfield and were 
 there entertained by the town of Springfield, and an account of 
 it made on the treasurer's book, which fixes the date. 
 
 Surely a messenger may have arrived in Enfield on that 
 Thursday afternoon as quickly as he could have arrived in 
 Suffield, and so Thomas Abbe may have beaten his drum about 
 the church that afternoon. But, alas, there is no record proof 
 of the fact of the beating of the drum on that afternoon, and 
 the story rests wholly upon tradition. Mr. Freeman tells me 
 that Rev. Benjamin F. Taylor, the writer of the beautiful poem, 
 credited Aholiab Johnson, my father, with the information 
 about the beating of the drum by Captain Abbe, on which the 
 famous poem first published in the Atlantic Monthly in May, 
 1878, was founded. Aholiab Johnson, as a lawyer, settled in 
 Enfield in 1840 and died in 1893 at the age of 94 years. For 
 
 145 
 
many years he was town clerk of the town and judge of the 
 Probate Court for the District of Enfield, and probably knew 
 every man in town, and doubtless talked with many persons 
 who heard the drumming, and thus got the facts which he 
 related at first hand. Besides this, the notable story has been 
 a tradition on the tongues of all the older people of the town 
 for several generations past. No event founded on tradition 
 relating to the history of Enfield has a better foundation. We 
 have as good a right to believe this story as we have to believe 
 many a story spread on the records in writing. A man can 
 tell a lie with his pen nearly as easily as he can with his tongue, 
 provided he can write. Let us believe this story to be true — let 
 the cavillers say what they will. 
 
 If Thomas Abbe had been in the church attending to Rev. 
 Elam Potter's lecture, where the pastor and deacons doubtless 
 thought he ought to have been, this beautiful statue would never 
 have been erected, and Taylor's poem would never have been 
 written and published in the Atlantic. And there are those who 
 claim that the story has no great significance. It was but the 
 beating of an old drum about a new church 141 years ago ! 
 
 It is the boast of the British nation that the drum-beat and 
 the roaring of its guns, on land and sea, saluting their colors 
 as they are raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset, never cease ; 
 that the sound is continuous, twice daily encircling the globe. 
 Captain Abbe's drum may have turned to dust, and his good 
 sword turned to rust, but the story of this drumming makes 
 luminous events in the history of our country, that is, the doings 
 of the Minute Men of the Revolutionary War. 
 
 The whole country had been for a long time in a ferment 
 and many rebellious acts had been committed. The ministers 
 of the churches throughout the country were foremost in insti- 
 gating opposition to the British rule. The ministers in those 
 days were men of education and ability and exercised a tre- 
 mendous influence with all the people. There were but few 
 Tories among the ministers of the Gospel. The high ideals 
 afterward embodied in the Declaration of Independence and in 
 the Constitution were the outgrowth of the teaching of the 
 ministers of several generations of Americans. 
 
 The beat of the drums and the roar of the guns saluting 
 twice daily the British colors the whole world round boastingly 
 signifies the power of the migVy British nation. The beating 
 
 146 
 
of Thomas Abbe's drum symbolizes the spirit of freedom back 
 of it which permeated every town, every hamlet of America and 
 made possible America's freedom and has proved to the world 
 that men with education and character can govern themselves 
 and without kings, emperors or lords, and that the eight years' 
 struggle, begun the day before Thomas Abbe beat the drum 
 about the church at Enfield and ending at Yorktown, proved to 
 the world for all generations to come that nations can be free 
 if they will. 
 
 We cannot thank Mr. Alden Freeman of East Orange, New 
 Jersey, too much for his generosity and patriotism in erecting 
 the beautiful statue commemorating a notable event in the history 
 of Enfield. 
 
 RECITATION— "THE CAPTAIN'S DRUM." 
 
 By Miss Mae E. McKeever, of East Orange, New Jersey, with great 
 dramatic effect, in a musical voice of wide range and rich quality. 
 
 REMARKS BY THE CHAIRMAN, MR. ALLEN B. 
 HATHAWAY. 
 Ladies and Gentlemen, Invited Guests, Fellow Citizens: 
 
 Enfield is witnessing to-day an event in its history quite as 
 unique as the episode of the captain's drum, for seldom has the 
 Town of Enfield been asked to accept any gift other than an 
 increase in the town's debts. 
 
 147 
 
We are gathered here this afternoon to view the unveiling 
 of this beautiful memorial and to accept it as a free gift from 
 Mrs. Joel Francis Freeman and her family, and it gives me 
 great pleasure to introduce to you, as her active representative, 
 her son, Mr. Alden Freeman of East Orange, New Jersey. 
 
 REMARKS OF ALDEN FREEMAN ON BEHALF OF THE 
 
 DONORS. 
 Mr. Chairman, Selectmen of Enfield, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 My speech you already have in your hands in pamphlet 
 form. The building of this memorial has been a labor of love. 
 From start to finish there has been no jarring note. Of those 
 who have designed, modelled and erected the monument, each 
 has done his part in a generous, whole-hearted way, "better than 
 bargain," to use the quaint language of the report on the erection 
 of the old meeting-house in 1775. The memorial, as you see, is 
 now practically finished, nearly four months in advance of the 
 time agreed upon. 
 
 This is a story told in stone, not only of the Abbey family, 
 but also of the other old families of this ancient town. It tells 
 the history of Enfield itself and in miniature it also tells the 
 story of our country. It tells a tale that stretches from the 
 landing at Jamestown in 1607 to those "continuous woods where 
 rolls the Oregon" ; from Plymouth Rock in 1620 to the Golden 
 Gate in 1849 ; from Connecticut's Western Reserve on the shores 
 of Lake Erie to "the brown coils of the Rio Grande" ; from the 
 Patriot War in Canada in 1838 to the Mexican War in 1848, 
 and right down to the border troubles of the present year. 
 
 The donors have no desire to exploit either the Abbey 
 family or Captain Abbey's branch of it. This is merely a study 
 of a typical American family of the plain people whom Lincoln 
 said he loved because God had made so many of them. These 
 Abbeys were farmers, innkeepers, printers, editors, engineers, 
 scientists and artists, but above all they have been fighters and 
 patriots. There have been no disloyalists among the Abbeys. 
 Nor have I found what you could call a rich man among all 
 these people. It seems they have always been too busy with 
 other things that interested them more to find time to acquire 
 wealth. 
 
 This is truly a memorial service that we are holding here 
 under these arching elms, for to-day all Abbe descendants are 
 mourning the loss of the most distinguished man who has borne 
 
 •148 
 
the name. Cleveland Abbe died in Washington a week ago today. 
 Except for Professor Abbe and for one woman, who is fortu- 
 nately with us, this gathering of the Abbey family would not be 
 possible. When a young man Cleveland Abbe began to collect 
 the records of the family. Fifty-two years ago the author of 
 "The History of Windham" wrote that Mr. Abbe had already 
 placed under lasting obligation all of the descendants of the 
 immigrant, John Abbe, by his contributions of time and money 
 to their genealogy. Cleveland Abbe was the pioneer in storm 
 warning away back in 1869. As a child I recall that his nick- 
 name, "Old Probabilities," was a household word. His labors 
 led to the establishment of the United States Weather Bureau 
 in 1870. Next he began the display of cautionary storm signals 
 along the coast and later the prediction of floods in rivers. In 
 
 1879 he started the agitation for standard time, and in five years 
 he gave to the United States and later to the world the standard 
 hour meridians now in universal use. I will name only these 
 two achievements of this great scientist which have been of 
 incalculable practical use to all farmers, mariners, railway men 
 and people generally. In the midst of scientific labors of the 
 highest importance Professor Abbe always found time for his 
 favorite study of family history. He and his collaborator, Mrs. 
 Nichols, have located more than 15,000 Abbey descendants in 
 the United States and Canada, whose names will be found in the 
 Abbe Genealogy now in press. Practically all of these people 
 have been notified of this gathering here today and this is due 
 to the initiative of Cleveland Abbe, who took a deep interest in 
 
 119 
 
this memorial and himself selected the names of the Windham 
 Abbes who are perpetuated in the inscriptions. 
 
 Just a word about my own little book. My own words in 
 it are of small importance, but I urge you to read the quotations. 
 In this critical time of our country's history I ask you to ponder 
 the words of James Otis, of the Adamses, of Jefferson and 
 Patrick Henry and all the revolutionary patriots. Here is a 
 collection of the oratory and eloquence which have inspired all 
 our national life. I have brought it right up to the present day, 
 with words of Elihu Root, of that ardent patriot, Theodore 
 Roosevelt, of Charles E. Hughes, who exposed and broke up 
 the insurance ring, and of our beloved President, Woodrow Wil- 
 son. I ask you to study these sayings between now and election 
 day. I hope that you will choose for your guides the greatest 
 men in our history, Washington and Lincoln. 
 
 Besides asking you to read these patriotic quotations before 
 you vote on Tuesday, I have two suggestions to make to the 
 people of this town. In the first place I ask you to preserve 
 this venerable building around which Thomas Abbey beat his 
 drum in the very year, 1775, in which it was completed. Here 
 you possess a shrine in which three generations of your fore- 
 fathers were baptized, worshipped, were married and their fune- 
 rals held. When the beautiful new church was built in 1848 
 this structure became your Town Hall and three succeeding 
 generations here fulfilled their duties as free American citizens. 
 The New England town meeting was the cradle of American 
 independence, and this hall deserves, for all future time, to be 
 cherished with affection and with pride by a religious and liberty- 
 loving people, such as all your history has shown the citizens 
 of Enfield to be. 
 
 My second suggestion is a memorial to Jonathan Edwards 
 on the site of the church which preceded the old Town Hall. 
 The outline of its walls is, as you are well aware, plainly to be 
 seen one-third of a mile to the south, opposite the post-office. 
 It was there that Jonathan Edwards preached his most famous 
 sermon. As you know, he was born in East Windsor, only nine 
 miles away. Enfield will honor itself by erecting a monument to 
 the foremost man that Connecticut has produced, the greatest 
 theologian of the eighteenth century and one of the chief fore- 
 runners of the Revolution. It has been said that if you would 
 understand the workings of the mind of New England in the 
 
 150 
 
ENFIELD TOWN HALL 
 
 "A shrine in which three generations of our forefathers were baptized, worshipped, 
 
 were married and their funerals held." 
 
 Photograph by de W. C. Ward 
 
eighteenth century and the throbbing of its heart, you must study 
 the life and the words of Jonathan Edwards. 
 
 Before making the formal presentation of this memorial to 
 the authorized representative of the citizens of the Town of 
 Enfield I have one other duty to perform in pursuance of the 
 agreement ratified at the town meeting held on November 11, 
 1915, and that is to hand this fund to the chairman of the com- 
 mittee of the First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield, who is also 
 the chairman of this meeting. It is a great satisfaction to place 
 the fund in the hands of a man so efficient, so capable, so pains- 
 taking and so agreeable as Mr. Hathaway, and I feel confident 
 that the money will be wisely invested and the income carefully 
 expended for the care and maintenance of the memorial and its 
 immediate surroundings on the town lands. 
 
 It is now my agreeable duty, on behalf of my mother, of my 
 sister, and of my niece, Mrs. William Thorn Kissel, to present 
 
 
 to the first selectman of the Town of Enfield, this memorial of 
 Captain Abbey and the Abbey family for the use and enjoyment 
 of the citizens of this town. My family hope that it may prove 
 to be a civic center which will unite all sections of Enfield in the 
 efTort to make your growing town worthy of its inspiring past. 
 
 152 
 
In making this presentation I wish to express our appreciation 
 of the unanimous vote by which the citizens of Enfield gave this 
 site in perpetuity for the Abbey Memorial and at the same time 
 entrusted its care and maintenance to the First Ecclesiastical 
 Society of Enfield, who are likewise the custodians of the fund 
 which has just been placed in their keeping. 
 
 Mr. Selectman, in the name of the donors, I present to you 
 as the representative of all the people of the Town of Enfield 
 this Memorial of Thomas Abbey, his ancestors and descendants 
 of the Abbey family, to have and to hold from this time forth. 
 
 ACCEPTANCE SPEECH BY MR. ALBERT J. EPSTEIN, 
 FIRST SELECTMAN OF ENFIELD. 
 Mr. Freeman, it gives me great pleasure, as representative 
 of the Town of Enfield, in accepting this most magnificent gift, 
 a memorial erected by you in memory of one of our most 
 patriotic citizens, our soldier hero, Captain Thomas Abbey, who, 
 when his country was in peril, left his farm to call his fellow 
 citizens to arms. The citizens of Enfield join with me in extend- 
 ing to you and yours their sincere gratitude for your kindly 
 feeling toward this town, in presenting this memorial, erected 
 in such historical surroundings, in one of the most beautiful 
 spots in old New England. 
 
 UNVEILING OF THE STATUE OF CAPTAIN ABBEY. 
 
 By His Great-great-great-granddaughter, Miss Georgiana Abbey 
 
 Van Epps, of East Orange, New Jersey. 
 
 153 
 
THE FLAG RAISING 
 
 Photographs by Albert K. Dawson of Brown & Dawson, of Stamford, Ct. 
 
 The group on the speakers' stand, from left to right, con- 
 sists of Mme. Mulford, Rev. Mr. Means, Rabbi Wise, Rev. Mr. 
 Reid, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Verplanck, Rev. Alexander Hamilton, 
 Air. Epstein, Mr. Hathaway and Alden Freeman. 
 
 SOLO— "THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER." 
 Mme. Mulford, accompanied by Gerald Maas. 
 
 The two flags with which the statue had been draped were 
 given to Enfield Church and to the old Town Hall by the donors 
 of the memorial. During the singing of the National Anthem they 
 were slowly raised to the flagstaff's prepared for them under the 
 porticos of the two venerable buildings so closely associated with 
 the Abbey Memorial. 
 
 154 
 
ADDRESS BY RABBI STEPHEN S. WISE, OF THE FREE 
 
 SYNAGOGUE, NEW YORK. 
 Mr. Chairman, Mr. Freeman, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 I have the distinction this afternoon of being the one unique 
 figure ; I am not related to the Abbey family — unfortunately for 
 the Abbey family. When I was asked to-day whether I was a 
 member of the family I said that I should be ashamed to belong 
 to a family that counted its family history in generations; that 
 my own family goes back to someone whose name began, as 
 the Abbey name begins, with "Ab," but the rest of the family 
 is rather different. I belong to the Ab-raham family ; and 
 
 tho' just a little unhappy that in my veins there courses none of 
 the blood of that family typified by the noble presence just 
 unveiled, on the other hand, I like to think that even tho' none 
 of my grandfathers signed the Declaration of Independence, one 
 of my great-great-great-grandfathers wrote the Ten Command- 
 ments. 
 
 It seems to me, Mr. Freeman, ladies and gentlemen, that the 
 unveiling exercises of this monument are nothing more than a 
 prelude to the great event which is to happen after another four 
 years, when all Americans — not only the sons of the Pilgrims, but 
 Americans of every blood and faith and ancestry — are to unite 
 
 •156 
 
in commemorating the close of three centuries — three hundred 
 years — of noble daring on the part of those men who were the 
 founders of the America we love. 
 
 My one qualification, if aught I have, for speaking in this 
 hour — and I have been greatly honored by the invitation — is my 
 
 MODEL OF THE SHIP MAYFLOWER 
 devised by the late James Le Baron Willard, Historian of the N. \ 
 
 Society of Mayflower Descendants. 
 The Ark of the New Covenant of political and religious liberty which 
 was drawn up and signed in her cabin on November 11, 1620. 
 
 feeling of profound veneration — dare I not say it? — of spiritual 
 kinship, with those Biblical figures who three hundred years 
 ago dared the terrors of the sea, not that they might have some- 
 thing for themselves, but that they might give their lives more 
 
 157 
 
completely to God, to freedom and to righteousness. I always 
 think of the Pilgrims as Bible heroes. They were the Mahomets 
 of their day, building upon Bible truths, upborne by the Bible 
 spirit. 
 
 And then, if I may say so, I am privileged perhaps to be 
 here to-day, because I am a churchman, tho' a churchman of the 
 older covenant, and I thank God as a churchman that out of the 
 church, the old meeting house since 1775, there came the men 
 who have written a memorable page in the annals of Enfield, 
 of Connecticut, of x\merican history. Back of the American 
 Revolution lies the great word and the mighty personality of 
 that man, whom in imagination I look upon at this moment, 
 Jonathan Edwards, and I love to think that among the men 
 whose summons brought to the front on behalf of freedom the 
 Minute Men of a later generation, was that great company of men 
 of God who were the teachers of religion in their day ; men of 
 whom Jonathan Mayhew, for example, is nothing more than an 
 outstanding representative. 
 
 Men and women — and I speak particularly to-day to the 
 young girls and young men and women — piety is always a high 
 virtue, and piety is never a higher virtue than it is in this 
 land, just because we are a land, to paraphrase, "wherein there 
 are no ruins," wherein there are few ruins ; and piety is a most 
 beautiful and precious thing when it is bound up, as this day it is 
 bound up, with the memories of the Fathers of the Republic. 
 Your poet put it well — "Hallowed ground, where virtue slept 
 and valor trod." May we not say that from this day this place 
 becomes hallowed ground, where virtue is never to sleep and 
 where valor is to tread throughout the ages? 
 
 The culminations of piety are noble things. It is always 
 helpful, sustaining, even exalting to invoke great memories, 
 memories of the immortal, transfigured, living dead ; for that 
 man, Captain Thomas Abbey, lives as truly at this moment as 
 any man or woman to-day; and I wonder at this moment who 
 of us will be living in memory after another century shall have 
 passed, as this man lives, example, exemplar, inspiration to us, 
 whether or not of his own blood, who view his noble presence 
 nearly one hundred and fifty years after the deed of an American 
 man, of an American soldier and of an American gentleman. 
 
 And I ask you to-day, men and women, to remember what 
 it is that you are to commemorate. What do you commemorate ? 
 
 158 
 
Do you wish merely to extol yourselves? Do you wish merely 
 to glorify the memories of your forebears? Have you come 
 here to lay a laurel wreath upon the memory of this man because 
 he was of your own bond or blood? Or have you come here as 
 I believe you have come, and as I know the donors of this 
 beautiful memorial would have you come, in order that you may, 
 as it were, renew the spirit that moved this man in his immortal 
 ministrv? 
 
 It was a great poet of another day who said that in order 
 to acquire the things that we have inherited from our fathers, 
 we must in turn and in our generation, earn them over again. 
 Men and women, everything depends on how ancestry is used, 
 whether ancestry be a source of noble pride or of ignoble pride ; 
 whether you value your ancestry as a spirit of achievement — 
 for if you do not, if you look back upon your pride merely as 
 something that makes you a little better than your neighbor, 
 
 159 
 
rather than moves you to be better and to do better than your 
 neighbor, then your pride is ignoble, and instead of being en- 
 nobling, is unennobling and discrowning. The question is, how 
 will you view your ancestry — and it is a great ancestry, you are 
 right — remember the ancestry that links you with that figure 
 means not privilege but duty, means obligation, means solemn re- 
 sponsibility, means that in every generation his children, and his 
 children's children's children must rededicate themselves anew to 
 the things for which he lived, for which he fought, and the mem- 
 ory of which his noble figure recalls. 
 
 I want to have you remember to-day, men and women, 
 that Captain Abbey and the men of his day and generation were 
 warriors ; they were warriors brave and unafraid, and yet they 
 were more than warriors. I am not of their blood and bond, 
 but I know them well ; I have studied their lives, I have pon- 
 dered upon the motives that impelled them, and if you ask me, 
 who chance to be your visitor to-day, to describe this man and 
 the men who stood with him, I tell you that they were what the 
 Pilgrim fathers had been before them ; they were a company 
 of spiritual — of spiritual, mark you — pioneers. The America 
 of 1620, the America of Plymouth Rock, was nothing more than 
 a prelude. It wasn't to pick a new geographical designation ; 
 it didn't mean that a new continent was to be unfolded and 
 explored; the America of 1620 and the America of 1775 meant 
 that a company of men moved by the spirit of God were ready 
 to enter upon a great spiritual enterprise. I don't use the term 
 political, or national, or social or civic, because it was more 
 than all of these things ; it was above all things a spiritual enter- 
 prise and a spiritual conquest ; and the America of the Revolu- 
 tion was another spiritual conquest, and the America of 1861-65 
 for which these fine men fought, for which these brave men 
 bled, the America of 1861 was yet another spiritual enterprise. 
 We fought not for the South, nor against the South ; we fought 
 — these men fought — for a new rebirth of freedom for America 
 and all the world. 
 
 And the America of the future — will we dare to make that 
 a spiritual enterprise? We had to conquer the mother land in 
 order to create the Republic; the question now faces us, will we 
 be great enough to conquer ourselves in order to re-create the 
 Republic. What is this new America, of which we ought to 
 be the authors, as this man was one of the authors of the America 
 
 160 
 
Photographed from the Belfry of Enfield Church by Wm. Bradbury Abbey 
 during Rabbi Wise's address. In the background the Connecticut River and Valley. 
 
of his day? What are to be the ideals of America? I found 
 my inspiration to-day — or rather I found a confirmation of my 
 own thought — in the beautiful badges worn by the gentlemen of 
 the Order of Cincinnati. I ask you to remember the primary 
 meaning, not the etymological significance, of the term "res 
 publica." Res publica is a Latin phrase which is to be translated, 
 "the common way" or "the common weal," and the question that 
 the America of 1916 faces is this: Do we continue to cherish 
 the ideal of the common weal, the ideal of the country which is 
 to be served only if needs must in war, but to be served all the 
 time, every day and every hour, by the virtues of peace, by the 
 valors of peace and by the noblenesses of the light of peace. 
 Do you understand what the Republic means — the republic means 
 law, one law for all men, and more than one law, one unvarying, 
 inflexible justice ; but, men and women, we are more than a 
 republic, we are a democratic republic, we are a self-governing, 
 a self-ruling republic, and self-government involves two things ; 
 first, that we fit ourselves to be the rulers of the Republic, and 
 in the next place that we rule the Republic not in our own 
 interest, not in our own behalf, not in order to aggrandize some 
 one sect, not in order to further our own endeavors, not in 
 order to obtain guerdon for some person or combination or 
 group ; are we great enough to rule ourselves in the interests 
 of the Republic which this great figure helped to create, and 
 which, with God's help, we are resolved to ennoble with our 
 own lives. 
 
 The time has come for the building of the new America, 
 and in order that there may be a new America, there must be an 
 understanding, there must be a conciliation, there must be, if I 
 may use a New Testament term, an irenikon between the men 
 and women of the older order, the children and grandchildren 
 of Thomas Abbey on the one hand, and men and women who, 
 like myself, have come to America because they chose America, 
 because freedom was not in the old world, for we came to 
 America not that we might amass wealth — none of this man's 
 forebears came to America in order to amass a fortune — God's 
 whisper came to the fathers of this man and God's whisper came 
 to my fathers, and we have come to America in just the same 
 spirit, because life is more than living, or a living, and because 
 in America, tho' not in America as it is but in America as it may 
 yet become, in the America that we ought to refashion, in the 
 
 162 
 
America known in all the world, men can rule themselves, we 
 can be self-governing, we can minister to the welfare of all, a 
 land in which there is one justice for all men. This is the ideal 
 that is our own, and I wonder whether I am not speaking out 
 of the heart of the donor of this gift, whether I do not convey 
 your thought to this company of men and women, when I say to 
 you, who are the new settlers of the Republic, America does not 
 ask of you that you shall forswear the old loves, the old loyalties. 
 If you are French, German, Polish, Slavic, Italian or Spanish, 
 love and cherish all those spiritual possessions, all those high 
 and exalting memories that you have brought with you from the 
 old world, but use them, not for the sake of Germany, of Britain, 
 or France or Russia or Austria or Italy or Turkey; use them 
 for the interest of the land which deserves and has our supreme 
 loyalty, the American Republic. 
 
 America — how wide its domains ! And yet it is not great 
 enough to harbor a single divided allegiance. There is no room 
 in America for the hyphenated American, no German- Americans, 
 no English- Americans, no French- Americans ; the only American 
 is the American- American, the American who sets his allegiance 
 to America above every other loyalty, above every other passion. 
 
 I sometimes say to my friends that I have two religions ; the 
 one is the religion of Israel, the other is the religion of America. 
 America must become anew to us, a religion, a faith, an ideal, 
 the deepest and the holiest passion of our lives. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I must not detain you 
 longer ; only one word let me add. 
 
 I love to think that this memorial is not to be of the past 
 long ; it is to be a help, it is to be an incentive for the present ; 
 it is to be a stimulus and inspiration for the future ; the past 
 belonged to Thomas Abbey, his kinsmen, the men of his own 
 blood and bond; but the future belongs to all the men and all 
 the women and all the children of Enfield ; the past belonged to 
 the builders; the future is to be the inalienable possession of the 
 rebuilders of this community, and I wonder if I do not read 
 aright the spirit of Mr. Freeman and his mother and sister when 
 I say they would be sore disappointed if this spot, hallowed by 
 ennobling memories, does not become the center of the spiritual 
 life of this town. Great ideals and hallowed memories are cen- 
 tered here and every man, every woman and every child in Enfield 
 should feel, "This memorial is mine, this man and this memory 
 
 163 
 
has become a part of my life," and thus will this memorial be 
 the new center of the new life of this city. 
 
 A gentleman a moment ago used a term which I as a teacher 
 of religion and as an American have no right to have heard 
 without adding my own thought and my own word, for there 
 are times when a man must speak if he will be true to himself, 
 true to his faith and to his own soul. 
 
 It is true Thomas Abbey was not too proud to fight, and 
 the men who stood by the side of Thomas Abbey were not too 
 proud to fight, but Thomas Abbey was too proud to fight for 
 anything less than the right, for the right as he saw it; for the 
 great ideal, the ideal of liberty. This man was a better English- 
 man than the George who sat upon the English throne; this 
 man and Samuel Adams, and John Adams, and Hancock, and 
 Franklin, and Washington and Hamilton and Jefferson ; these 
 men were the great Englishmen of their day; they and the Pitts, 
 not the Georges. 
 
 He wasn't too proud tc fight for the right, but as I look 
 upon that noble fact, but as I look upon that noble face I dare 
 to say of him that he was too proud to fight for the wrong; he 
 was too proud to fight for the sake of fighting; and I love to 
 think that if he were alive to-day he would say : "We will fight, 
 for an ideal as great as America, if fight we must we will fight 
 for America, the America of our lives, of our hopes and our 
 dreams and ideals, but we will fight for nothing less," and if 
 these warriors of yesterday were living they would become war- 
 riors in the new cause, the cause that America is to lead, the 
 cause in the leading of which America is to achieve a new 
 dignity, a new glory, and a fadeless immortality; a war against 
 war, that is unjust, that is unrighteous, that is unhallowed. 
 
 Soldier of God, Pilgrim of God, Maker of the Republic, we 
 salute thee ! Let thy spirit rest upon this company, upon this 
 community, upon the State and commonwealth of Connecticut, 
 upon the America which you gave us, you and like-minded men ; 
 the America which we this day solemnly resolve that we will 
 hand down to our children and our children's children unstained, 
 unmarred and unpolluted, an America worthy of you, your deeds, 
 your life, your memory. 
 
 164 
 
mm 
 
 SHERRY E. FRY, 
 
 Sculptor 
 
 de W. C. WARD, 
 
 Photographer 
 
ADDRESS BY WILLIAM E. VERPLANCK, ESQ., OF 
 MOUNT GULIAN, FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, and Mr. Freeman, our 
 Host: 
 
 It gives me great pleasure to be present here on this fine 
 Indian summer day. I feel favored in being numbered among 
 the guests of Mr. Freeman, who have gathered to do honor to 
 the memory of his ancestor, Thomas Abbey, whose statue has 
 just been unveiled — an impressive figure it is. 
 
 Before leaving New York this morning I took breakfast 
 with one of the architects who designed the splendid exedra 
 which forms a fine setting, and he, a New England man, told me 
 
 MOUNT GULIAN 
 Showing at the right the addition built in 1 804. 
 
 that Enfield was one of the most beautiful New England villages 
 and he described its position and other attractions. I now see 
 that he did not at all exaggerate. We Hudson River people 
 have no such villages. It was not because we did not like them, 
 but it was due to the different way in which our region was 
 settled. All along the river were great tracts of several thousand 
 acres each, such as one still sees in the Southern States. Each 
 estate or plantation was self-maintained and self-sufficient. 
 There was no need of a village and those that sprang up at cross- 
 roads were frowned upon by the landowners. But now that 
 most of, these Hudson River estates have been broken up into 
 much smaller holdings, villages of considerable size have ap- 
 
 • 166 
 
peared in the natural order of things, in which we miss the 
 broad elm-lined streets and picturesque greens of the New 
 England villages. 
 
 You have heard to-day of the Society of the Cincinnati and 
 of Thomas Abbey being a member of it and of the Verplanck 
 mansion at Fishkill-on-Hudson being the site where it was 
 organized on May 13, 1783. This old house was built early in 
 the eighteenth century, some time before the French and Indian 
 War, by Gulian Verplanck, a merchant of New York, and named 
 Mount Gulian after his grandfather, who with his partner, 
 
 The room in which the Society of the Cincinnati was formed. 
 
 Francis Rombout, of French extraction, had bought the land 
 on which the house stands from the Wappinger Indians — a tract 
 of about 80,000 acres — and the Indian title, a few years after, 
 was confirmed by James II in 1685. The Indians were per- 
 mitted and encouraged to remain upon the land, where they 
 trapped beavers, raccoons, weasles, bears and other fur-bearing 
 animals for the proprietors who carried on trade in furs and 
 peltries at New Amsterdam, shipping them to England and the 
 Continent. The Indians were always treated fairly by the Hud- 
 son River landowners, and there were no wars or serious dis- 
 
 sensions. 
 
 167 
 
The old house of which I am now the owner stands on true 
 east side of Newburg Bay, opposite the city of Newburg. The 
 entire region is replete with historic sites and associations. The 
 mansion was occupied during the years 1782-83 by Baron Steuben 
 as a headquarters by voluntary cession of its then owner, Samuel 
 Verplanck, who had been a member of the Committee of Safety 
 in the early part of the war, but who, because of age and ill- 
 health, had retired from active life. Steuben, as you all will 
 recall, was a German and had been in the army of Frederick 
 the Great, under whom he had become a valuable officer, par- 
 ticularly as disciplinarian and tactician. But Steuben came to us 
 wholly without King Frederick's aid or suggestion. He came 
 after talking with Franklin and Deane, our commissioners at 
 Paris, where Steuben met them on his travels, for Frederick 
 had given him leave of absence, the Seven Years' War being 
 over. This is not the time to tell all the good Steuben did in 
 our cause in drilling our raw troops, etc. He took part in 
 forming the Order of the Cincinnati with Washington and Knox, 
 whose headquarters were nearby — on the opposite bank of the 
 river, near Newburg. It was there, too, that the army was dis- 
 banded and that Washington refused the crown. A few miles 
 below is West Point and Constitution Island, where the chain 
 was stretched across the river. Close by, in the Highlands, are 
 Forts Montgomery and Clinton. At old Fishkill Village large 
 bodies of troops were stationed throughout the war and Wash- 
 ington went there frequently. The Daughters of the American 
 Revolution have marked the historic sites with appropriate 
 tablets. 
 
 I extend an invitation to all present to visit the region and I 
 assure you of a welcome at the Steuben headquarters. My wife 
 had an ancestor from Connecticut, Ephraim Kirby, who became 
 a member of the Cincinnati Society and she has a letter of his 
 which he wrote to Reynold Marvin, of Litchfield, whose daugh- 
 ter Ruth he afterwards married, and whither he returned to 
 practice law and became the first law reporter in the United 
 States. In his letter he tells some of the causes which actuated 
 the officers in forming the society. The letter was first published 
 in the New England Magazine in some articles which I wrote 
 on the historic homesteads in the neighborhood of Fishkill. 
 These magazine articles appeared in March, 1895, and in August, 
 1896. 
 
 168 
 
BARON STEUBEN 
 
 The Statue by Albert Jaegers which faces the White House in Washington 
 
 169 
 
Kirby writes from Saratoga, 23d June, 1783, as follows : 
 "The Army are at last disbanded, all except the men who 
 were enlisted for three years, and a sufficient number of officers 
 to command them. This was determined by agreement among 
 the officers, unless where a sufficient number could not agree, by 
 lot. It has fallen to my share to remain for one. However, 
 I have the most earnest expectations of being soon after them. 
 "The ingratitude and villainous conduct of the country have 
 occasioned the officers of the army to come into an agreement to 
 assemble annually by Lines in their respective States, and the 
 whole triennially at some convenient place near the middle of 
 
 MOUNT GULIAN 
 Showing the original house built about 1740 by Gulian Verplanck, grandson of the 
 original proprietor of the same name, who bought the land from the Indians in 1 683 
 
 the United States to consult on matters of common concern. 
 They have also established a fund composed of one month's pay 
 from each officer and deposited in the care of a committee for 
 the purpose of relieving the necessities of any distressed officer, 
 his widow or orphans. 
 
 "The army find that the common acts of humanity are not 
 to be expected from the country they have rescued from tyranny 
 and that no reliance can be placed on those contracts and solemn 
 obligations ; they are therefore drove to this expedient to secure 
 themselves in some measure against the miseries of poverty." 
 
 It is likely that Thomas Abbey was at the Steuben head- 
 
 170 
 
quarters during his career as an officer and also knew Colonel 
 Kirby. Ephraim Kirby became an officer in a Rhode Island 
 regiment but after the war returned to Litchfield and married 
 Ruth Marvin. One of his descendants, David Kirby, of New 
 York, holds the insignia and other evidences of membership in 
 the Society. 
 
 In closing, for the time for the train is drawing near, I 
 wish to repeat to all my invitation to visit the Cincinnati mansion 
 and the beautiful region of the Highlands of the Hudson, through 
 which passes a fine State road, on the line of the old Albany- 
 New York turnpike, near which the old house stands. 
 
 CERTIFICATE OF MEMBERSHIP 
 
 In the Society of the Cincinnati signed by George Washington as President, and 
 
 General Knox as Secretary, December 10, 1785. 
 
 THE BENEDICTION 
 
 Was pronounced by Rev. Oliver W. Means, of Hartford, pastor 
 
 of Enfield Church, 1888-1901. 
 
 171 
 
172 
 
ALEXANDER HAMILTON 
 : earing the order of the Cincinnati, which has descended to his great-grandson, Rev. Alexander 
 Hamilton, Chaplain of the N. Y. Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 From the painting by Edgar Brown Smith. 
 
LIST OF THE 155 PASSENGERS ON THE 
 ABBEY MEMORIAL TRAIN, 
 
 New York to Enfield Bridge, November 4, 1916. 
 
 Rev. Alexander Hamilton, Chaplain N. Y. State Society of 
 the Cincinnati; John B. Lord, Charles A. Rose, Henry Justus 
 Storrs, W. Lanier Washington, John P. H. de Windt, William 
 W. Taulman, Thomas J. Bonnell, Matthew Hinman, Walter 
 Marvin, Nicholas A. Lowe, William Decatur Parsons, Frank 
 Bowman, Major Charles Elliot Warren, James Van Dyk, David 
 Beatty Idell, Henry Preble, Chandler Smith, William H. Ad- 
 doms 2d, Ward Belknap, Captain J. M. Andrews, Dr. George 
 Trotter Tyler, George L. Storer, Williamson Thomas, Edward 
 G. Rollins, Henry W. Raymond, Francis R. Stoddard, Richard 
 H. Gaines, Richard W. Withington, William Pike Glenney, John 
 Higgin, Walter Byron Jones, Alden Freeman, Frederick C. 
 Torrey. 
 
 All of those named above are members of the Society of 
 the Cincinnati. Other members of the Cincinnati who attended 
 the exercises were Louis R. Cheney, Charles E. Jackson, E. 
 Kent Hubbard and John Henry Livingston, who, with Mrs. Liv- 
 ingston, motored from their historic home on the Hudson, 
 "Clermont," for which Robert Fulton named his first steam- 
 boat. 
 
 Captain Richard Henry Greene, founder of the Society of 
 Mayflower Descendants, and Mrs. Greene; Mrs. L. Nelson 
 Nichols, author of "The Abbe-Abbey Genealogy"; Edward G. 
 Nichols, Mr. and Mrs. Decatur M. Sawyer, Dr. Appleton Mor- 
 gan, Sherry E. Fry, Ernest F. Lewis, Edwin Shuttleworth, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Grosvenor S. Wright, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver J. 
 Wells, Mrs. Charles Lewis Johnson, Mrs. Chauncey Marshall, 
 Miss Edith G. Marshall, Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Romeyn, 
 Mrs. G. C. Archer and two friends from Hazelton, Pa. ; Mr. 
 and Mrs. S. Carman Harriot, Rev. Robert W. Mark, pastor 
 First Presbyterian Church of Woodbridge, N. J., and Mrs. 
 Mark ; Rev. Cornelius Brett, D. D., pastor Bergen Reformed 
 Church of Jersey City, N. J., and Mrs. Brett ; Herbert L. Bridg- 
 man, editor Brooklyn Standard Union; Ira H. Brainerd, Miss 
 Brainerd, Henry F. Bell, James Boyd, president Alumni Asso- 
 ciation of New York University; Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. 
 Higbie, Mr. and Mrs. Edwards Hall Rockwell, Mrs. Maurice 
 Bouvier, William P. H. Bacon, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Bancel 
 
 174 
 
Binsse and son, De Witt C. Ward, Miss Remie Ward, Dr. 
 Morris Lee King, Miss Jean Macgowan, Willis A. Voorhees and 
 son, Miss Gail A. Treat, founder of the Society of Descendants 
 of Colonial Governors; Mrs. Robert B. Treat and Robert B. 
 Treat, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Julian A. Gregory, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Tracy Lanterman, Mr. and Mrs. Linwood C. Gillis, Mr. and 
 Mrs. Frank H. Jamison and the Misses Jamison, Mrs. Florence 
 P. Paulson, Herbert Smith, John A. Higson, J. A. Macdonell, 
 Mr. and Mrs. William Ogden Wiley, Miss Annie C. Quimby, 
 Ogden Halsted Bowers, the Misses Bowers, Mrs. Alfred H. 
 
 I #11 
 
 CLERMONT, TIVOLI-ON-HUDSON, N. Y. 
 The home of John Henry Livingston, great-great-great-great-grandson of Robert Living' 
 ston, 1st Lord of Livingston Manor, great-great-grandson of Philip Livingston, signer 
 of the Declaration of Independence, and great-grandson of Chancellor Robert R. Liv- 
 ingston, the associate of Robert Fulton, who named the first steamboat after this house, 
 which was built in 1730 by Robert Livingston, son of the 1st Lord of the Manor. 
 
 Thacher, Mrs. Thomas D. Webb, Mrs. William Cooper, Miss 
 Emma Cooper, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Shepard, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Frederick W. Kelsey, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick T. Kelsey, 
 Ronald B. Kelsey, Miss Susan Withington, Albert K. Dawson, 
 Mr. and Mrs. John E. Mitchell, Mrs. James E. Pope, Miss 
 Gertrude Chittick, V. David Newman, Miss Hall, Walter Abbe, 
 Miss Elizabeth K. Abbe, Mrs. Hubert Howson, Miss Helen 
 Elizabeth Howson, Miss Harriet Colgate Abbe, William Abbe, 
 Mr. and Mrs. William Bradbury Abbey, Rev. Edward W. Abbey, 
 
 175 
 
Miss Lucile Abbey, Stuart B. Reynolds, Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo 
 H. Abbey, Ralph H. Abbey, Mrs. Ella Abbey White, Mrs. Joel 
 Francis Freeman, Mrs. R. T. Van Epps, Miss Georgiana Abbey 
 'Van Epps, Miss Susan Armstrong, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick 
 R. Maddock, Gaetano Federici, Mrs. Florence Mulford Hunt, 
 Gerald Maas, Miss Mae E. McKeever, Miss Jennie Waterman, 
 Miss Justine Dorothy Wise, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise and Mrs. 
 Wise, Thomas C. Gilchrist, John W. Daly, Benjamin McGuire, 
 August C. Peterson, Miss Rose Galligan, Miss Bridget Gal- 
 ligan and six others whose names we failed to record. 
 
 Others who attended the exercises included Mrs. Frances 
 Louise Abbe Boise, of Ansonia, Connecticut; Miss Bertha B. 
 Bartlett, of Lynn, Massachusetts, and Dr. and Mrs. Nathan G. 
 Estes, of Newport, Rhode Island. 
 
 Mention should be made of the gracious offer by the ladies 
 of the Enfield Church to provide luncheon in the church parlors 
 for the out-of-town guests, who were unable to accept their 
 hospitality on account of the short stop of the special train. All 
 of the party, however, partook of the hospitality of the gen- 
 erous automobile owners whose cars met the train at Enfield 
 Bridge. 
 
 At the exercises Chief of Police J. H. Callahan was ably 
 assisted by the local and State police. Thanks are also due to 
 the members of the Enfield Hose Company and to the capable 
 parking committee. The seating arrangements on the platform 
 were admirable, separate sections being allotted and plainly 
 marked for the clergy, the Grand Army Post, the Daughters of 
 the American Revolution, the members of the Abbe Family, 
 the Woman's Club and the senior class of the Enfield High 
 School. 
 
 The clergymen present included Rev. Thomas J. Preston of 
 the Catholic Church, Rev. R. Russ Judd of the Episcopal, Rev. 
 William S. Voorhees of the Presbyterian, Rev. J. Howard Tait 
 of the United Presbyterian, Rev. Harvey C. Dorr of the Metho- 
 dist, all of Thompsonville ; Rev. Thomas Tyrie of the Methodist 
 Church in Hazardville, Rev. C. E. Hesselgrave and Rev. C. M. 
 Calderwood of the Congregational in South Manchester, Conn. ; 
 Rev. Oliver W. Means of the Congregational Church in Hart- 
 ford, and Rev. David C. Reid, pastor of the Congregational 
 Church in Enfield, who was a classmate of President Wilson at 
 Princeton, and is the author of various works on sociological and 
 economic problems. 
 
 176 
 
MISS HARRIET COLGATE ABBE 
 Miss Abbe and Mrs. Howson are sisters 
 of the late Cleveland Abbe, Walter 
 Abbe, and Dr. Robert Abbe. 
 
 WALTER ABBE 
 Owner of "Dog Hill," the Abbe home- 
 stead at Windham, Ct., which belonged 
 to his grandfather, Moses Cleveland 
 Abbe. 
 
 MRS. HUBERT HOWSON (Helen Abbe) 
 
 From the painting by the late John W. Alexander 
 
 Captain Abbey 
 
 and Enfield's 
 
 Municipal 
 
 Christmas Tree, 
 
 1916 
 
JONATHAN EDWARDS'S MOST NOTABLE SERMON, 
 
 "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." 
 By J. Warren Johnson. 
 
 On the 8th day of July, 1741, Jonathan Edwards preached 
 the most noted sermon extant in the English language at this 
 day, on "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," in the little 
 church, 40 by 45 feet, standing on the Green nearly one-half 
 a mile south of the present church in front of my home. For 
 nearly thirty-five years after that it was the Church of the First 
 Society of Enfield. Some of the timbers of that church that 
 echoed the fearful words of that sermon are still in existence. 
 
 I have said that this sermon was the most noted sermon 
 extant in the English language. Enfield is known and noted 
 nearly as much by it as it is by its most beautiful street and by 
 its church, which is said to be the finest example of Colonial 
 Church architecture, and you will find in Ian Maclaren's "Beside 
 the Bonnie Brier Bush," that Lachlan Campbell, after Marget 
 Howe had written the letter to Flora and got Lachlan's approval, 
 "cleaned and trimmed with anxious hand a lamp that was kept 
 for show and had never been used," and selected from his books 
 Edwards' "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" and "Coles 
 on the Divine Sovereignty," and on them had laid the large family 
 Bible on which he set the lamp in the window, and every night 
 till Flora returned the light shone down the path that ascended 
 to her home, "like the divine love from the open door of our 
 Father's House." 
 
 A most dramatic description of the scenes of that 8th day 
 of July, 1741, is fortunately preserved for us in the Diary of 
 Rev. Stephen Williams of Longmeadow, as well as in the tradi- 
 tions handed down to us by descendants of those who were 
 present. 
 
 Several years since Dr. E. F. Parsons (blessed be his 
 memory) went to Longmeadow with me and through the 
 courtesy of Prof. Wm. B. Medlicott, of Harvard, and his wife, 
 we were permitted to see the diaries of Rev. Stephen Williams, 
 and we found the account of that day, but woe betided us, for 
 we could read hardly a word of it, so execrable was the pen- 
 manship. So one day I got Mr. James Allen Kibbe, the 
 genealogist and expert at deciphering ancient manuscripts, to go 
 to Longmeadow with me and we spent a long time copying 
 
 178 
 
the writing, and were finally rewarded by getting all but a few 
 
 words. And this was what we found : 
 
 "July 8th, 1741. 
 
 "Deu. 32:35. 
 
 "Vengeance is mine and recompense. 
 
 "In due time their foot shall slide. 
 
 "This time Mr. M. preached from 2 Cor. 5:20 & Mr. 
 Williams from Acts. 2:51. Discourses solemn and the Congrega- 
 tion considerably affected & many cried out. We went to Mr. 
 Reynolds' and dined, and then went over to Enfield, where we 
 met dear Mr. Edwards, of North Hampton, who preached a 
 most awakening sermon from these words Deu. 32 :35 and before 
 sermon was done there was a great moaning and crying out, 
 'What shall I do to be saved ? Oh, I am going to hell ! Oh what 
 shall I do for a Christ?' &c, &c, until the minister was obliged 
 to desist. The screeches and cries were pitiful and agonizing. 
 And after some time of waiting the Congregation were stilled so 
 that a prayer was made by Mr. Williams, and after that we 
 descended from the Pulpit & discoursed with the people, some 
 in one place and some in another. And an amazing and astonish- 
 ing power of God was seen, and several souls were happily 
 wrought upon that night, the cheerfulness and pleasantness of 
 their countenances (several words were undecipherable) Oh, 
 that God would strengthen and confirm * * * & then" 
 
 "July 9th, 1741. 
 
 "Oh, that God would give me great desire in my soul to see 
 at Longmeadow what I have seen in Enfield." 
 
 This is the end of what we could make out of the diary. 
 
 Much of the foregoing, and additional scenes have come 
 down by tradition from their ancestors to the present generation 
 of Enfield people. They declared that so vivid was hell painted 
 by Edwards that many grasped the railing of the pews, as if to 
 save themselves from then and there descending into the bot- 
 tomless pit. One old man named Meacham, with tears running 
 down his face, and his long white hair streaming down his 
 shoulders, rose and cried out "Oh for a Christ ! Is there no 
 balm in Gilead, is there no physician there?" The answer 
 to which to us of this day would seem to be an adequate 
 answer to the whole brilliant, but terrible sermon. Just one 
 sentence I will give as a sample of it all. "The bow of God's 
 wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the string, and 
 justice aims the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and 
 
 179 
 
it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that an angry 
 God, without any promise or obligation at all, that keeps the 
 arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood." 
 Christ's name hardly appears in this sermon. A large part of 
 the sermon is in the same strain. 
 
 After twenty-four years spent as pastor of what is now 
 called the Edwards' Church at Northampton, President Edwards 
 was forced to resign on account of differences between him and 
 his church about some doctrinal beliefs and his denunciation of 
 the morals of some of the children of the rich people of his 
 parish, and then he went to the church at Stockbridge, Mass., 
 and was also missionary to the Indians there, but very shortly he 
 was chosen president of what is now Princeton College and so 
 was a predecessor of our President in that office. He died after 
 holding that office a few weeks, from smallpox. He left a numer- 
 ous family, from whom have descended some of the most famous 
 men of our nation. More than fifteen hundred of his descendants 
 are now living, among them a grandson of Theodore Roosevelt. 
 
 In every part of the United States are found men and 
 women who owe to Jonathan Edwards a vigor of intellect and 
 character that makes them noteworthy. Through six generations 
 his intellectual and moral force has projected itself and each 
 successive generation has used this inheritance grandly. 
 
 His descendants have furnished three presidents to Yale 
 College, Timothy Dwight, Theodore Dwight Woolsey and Tim- 
 othy Dwight, Jr., all of whom were descendants of Jonathan 
 Edwards's daughter Mary. His descendants have also furnished 
 presidents for Princeton, Hamilton, Union, Amherst and Johns 
 Hopkins, and for several law schools and theological seminaries, 
 and they are listed among the alumni of forty-five American and 
 foreign colleges. 
 
 Jonathan Edwards left a family of eleven children in what 
 would be called extreme poverty at this day, but he left them a 
 legacy of keen intellect and fine moral character which was of 
 inestimable value. Out of all the multitude of his descendants 
 the solitary "black sheep" of the Edwards family was Aaron 
 Burr, a grandson of Jonathan Edwards. 
 
 The historian Bancroft declared that Jonathan Edwards and 
 Benjamin Franklin were the two greatest men America had pro- 
 duced. Edwards's writings long held supreme authority; in 
 Europe, as well as in America, he was ranked among the great 
 thinkers of the world. 
 
 180 
 
The theology of Jonathan Edwards may be dead and his 
 books unread, but the man was greater than the theologian. In 
 leaving to his posterity the legacy that he gave, he did the best 
 a man can do for the world. 
 
 He was the son of Timothy Edwards, pastor of the church 
 at East Windsor Hill, about eight miles south of Enfield, and 
 the cellar hole of the house where he was born may be seen 
 now. He was a great logician, and Edwards on the "Freedom 
 of the Will" and many other metaphysicial works placed him 
 at the head of all American thinkers on those subjects. But 
 men no longer believe that there is no freedom of the will, that 
 it is forever decreed "that you shall and you shall not, that you 
 can and you cannot," and as Hudibras puts it, "you'll be damned 
 if you do, and you'll be damned if you don't." 
 
 Rev. Stephen Williams, who wrote out the story in his 
 diary, was pastor of the church in Longmeadow for sixty-six 
 years. He was born in Deerfield, Mass., May 14th, 1693, and was 
 the son of Rev. John Williams. With his father, mother and 
 sister Eunice he was captured by the Indians when they slaugh- 
 tered many of the inhabitants of Deerfield in February, 1704, and 
 he and his father were ransomed fourteen months afterwards. 
 Eunice was but eight years old when captured and taken to 
 Canada. The mother was slain. Eunice, many years after- 
 wards, was induced to visit her relatives several times, but 
 wearied of the civilized life and returned to her Indian home, 
 and lived and died there. She knew no language but the Indian 
 tongue. 
 
 The diaries of Stephen Williams, of which there are a 
 large number, were preserved and came down to Rev. John W. 
 Harding, pastor of the Longmeadow Church from 1849 till he 
 died a few years since, and for a long time yclept the "Bishop 
 of Longmeadow," and from him came to his daughter, now the 
 wife of Prof. Wm. B. Medlicott, and it was through their cour- 
 tesy that I was able to get a copy of the part of the diary I have 
 given. Many will remember good, sweet, Minister Harding. 
 The first time he appeared in our pulpit was at the funeral of 
 our pastor, Rev. Francis LeBaron Robbins, in April, 1850, and 
 who had preached in the Enfield Church thirty-three years. 
 
 NOTE — This paper was written for and read at the annual 
 meeting of the First Congregational Church of Enfield on Jan- 
 uary 15, 1914. 
 
 181 
 
BERGEN REFORMED CHURCH, OF JERSEY CITY 
 This earliest church in New Jersey was founded by the Dutch, in 1660. The 
 charter was signed by Governor Peter Stuyvesant. Built in 1 842, this is the fourth 
 church edifice, but in 257 years the congregation has had only five pastors. 
 
 182 
 
THE CAPTAIN'S DRUMBEAT. 
 
 Sermon Delivered by Rev. Cornelius Brett, D. D., at Bergen 
 
 Reformed Church, Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 Sunday Evening, November 12, 1916. 
 
 On a recent day, it was my privilege to journey to Enfield, 
 Conn., on a special train, by invitation of Mr. Alden Freeman 
 and other members of his family. There we found a goodly 
 company assembled to unveil a monument erected by the Abbey 
 family of New England, in honor of their Revolutionary An- 
 cestor, Captain Thomas Abbey of the Enfield Minute Men. 
 
 The story runs that when the Battle of Lexington had been 
 fought, couriers on horseback rode off in every direction to 
 warn the people and to rouse the country. One of those riders 
 came in at a furious rate, his horse covered with foam, to the 
 little town of Enfield, Connecticut, about fourteen miles from 
 Hartford. There he told his story. It seems that at that time 
 in New England the churches not being lighted, all the week-day 
 services were held in the day-time, and in this church of Enfield 
 was gathered that afternoon a company for the usual Thursday 
 religious lecture ; it was their mid-week service. 
 
 The Captain heard the news, for he had not gone to church 
 that day, probably expecting some news from the scene where 
 war might at any time arise. He went for his drum, beating 
 the long roll, marched around the old meeting house of the 
 Congregational Church. The walls of the church did not fall 
 down as the walls of Jericho when Joshua's host summoned the 
 surrender by the blast upon the ram's horn, but literally this 
 doughty Captain drummed the people out of church, for they 
 came — they could not listen to the lecture any longer when they 
 heard the roll of the drum. They knew there was something 
 in the air, that some great event had happened, and the Minute 
 Men joined their Captain. 
 
 When he ceased his drumming on the village green they 
 heard the news, received their instructions and vanished to their 
 nearby homes to put on the powder horn and to grasp the old 
 rifle and put a few little necessities into the knapsack, and soon 
 they came back again to reassemble at the roll of the drum and 
 the command "Fall in !" Before nightfall they were on their 
 way to Boston, where they presented themselves in due time, a 
 hundred miles from their home, to Gen. Washington, in com- 
 mand of the great army of the Continentals. 
 
 183 
 
To this man, these, his descendants, have caused a monu- 
 ment to be raised, a glorious monument presenting the leader 
 himself, his likeness taken from old pictures in possession of the 
 family, and there upon that very village green where the Minute 
 Men of 1775 assembled, the people of Enfield and many 
 thousands who will go there, may see the representative of the 
 old-time Captain whose drum did so much for the spirit of 
 independence, and later in the battles also, for its accomplish- 
 ment. 
 
 A poet of New England, Benjamin F. Taylor (sounds very 
 much, does it not, like the name of our Benjamin C. Taylor of 
 dear memory, pastor of this church for forty-four years and 
 emeritus for ten years longer). This poet has written this 
 story in beautiful verse. At the unveiling ceremonies it was 
 recited, and we have the rare privilege of having with us the 
 young lady who recited it on that occasion, and has kindly con- 
 sented, before the rest of the sermon shall be preached, to give 
 it to you. Will you listen to the story of "The Captain's Drum- 
 beat?'' Miss McKeever: 
 
 (Poem recited by Miss Mae E. McKeever of East Orange, 
 N. J. After the recitation Dr. Brett continued.) 
 
 I know your hearts are stirred by this recital in prose and 
 in poetry. 
 
 When we want to find something very heroic in order to 
 stimulate our own thoughts and our own purposes, we turn back 
 to the story of the ancient days, to the ancient Hebrews. The 
 Joshua lesson has been read to you to-day. For our text we go 
 back a little even of Joshua, and we read in the 15th chapter of 
 Exodus, verses 20-21 : 
 
 "And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a 
 timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with 
 timbrels and with dances. 
 
 "And Miriam answered them, sing ye to the Lord, for he 
 hath triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath he 
 thrown into the sea." 
 
 I have chosen this text because the timbrel was the fore- 
 runner of the modern drum, a sort of hand drum whose noise 
 came like the drumbeat of to-day, by percussion, and I am 
 talking of the drumbeat which is needed in our present day to 
 drum the people out of church. I understand well the first duty 
 of the minister as captain of the company of this day, is to 
 
 184 
 
drum the people into church. They tell the story in some of 
 the old New England villages, before the bell was purchased 
 and hung in the steeple, while clocks and watches were few, that 
 in order to tell the people when it was time to go to church a- 
 little drum corps, three or four drummers, came down the village 
 street and as the people heard it and looked out to see their 
 own boys beating the drum, they said, "It is time now to go to 
 meeting," and so arrayed in Sunday best — which was not always 
 so fine a fabric as clothes the people now — they turned out of 
 their houses and followed the drummer to the door of the 
 church, where they entered reverently with bowed heads to 
 
 MISS MAE E. McKEEVER, Singer and Elocutionist 
 
 Photograph by Harry G. Potter, of Newark 
 
 worship God and hear the lesson of the hour. 
 
 I understand fully that it is our duty as captains of com- 
 panies here to go out and drum the people in, to tell them when 
 it is time to go to church, and inform them the duties of the 
 hour. 
 
 We go up and down the streets visiting the homes of the 
 people ; we go into the homes of the parents of the pupils of 
 our Sunday School, and we beg them to come with their chil- 
 dren to the house of God; and this, however successful we may 
 be in the work, seems to be the first duty of the hour. But we 
 understand that church-going is not always, or is not all of 
 
 185 
 
religion. You know, one of our poets who hated the Mexican 
 War, in 1849, said: 
 
 "What's the use of meetin' goin' every Sunday, wet or dry 
 If we are to go a-mowin' brother men like wheat or rye?" 
 And there is a great deal in that short stanza, or half a stanza 
 of Lowell's, for it tells us that "meetin' going' " as he expresses 
 it — church attendance, as we now speak of it in more refined 
 language — is not all of our profession of faith, and does not 
 fulfil all the duties of our holy religion. 
 
 I know that there is in some churches a willingness to lie 
 back and be very well satisfied while we have no thought for 
 the people who are without. We enjoy our religion. Why 
 should we not enjoy it, and why should we not take away com- 
 fort in it? There is a sweet and hallowed influence which per- 
 vades the sanctuary, and the Christian heart responds : 
 
 "My willing soul would stay 
 In such a frame as this, 
 And sit and sing itself away, 
 To everlasting bliss." 
 
 The Christian Spirit asks for no higher service than to wait 
 here until translated to the place where 
 
 "Congregations ne'er break up 
 And Sabbaths have no end." 
 
 But we turn to the heroic in verse and in prose, to the 
 incidents of heroism as we find them in the Word of God, and 
 we come back to them, that there is a duty to be performed by 
 the ministers of God, which resembles that of this Captain 
 Thomas Abbey in 1775, when it is our duty to drum the people 
 out of church in order to go after some people who do not go 
 to church. For the service of the very church itself, we go out 
 and find our neighbors and bring them back to the household of 
 faith. The missionary spirit is the spirit that should characterize 
 every church. 
 
 We have frequently advised you that the congregation of 
 the disciples of Jesus Christ is a force as well as a field. It is 
 a field to cultivate, for you come here to listen, to worship God 
 first of all, and then to listen to words which inspire you and 
 which instruct you, perhaps — they ought to do so, they are 
 valueless unless they both instruct and inspire and urge you to 
 your duty. The worship of God is in the street as well as in the 
 church ; it is in the homes of your neighbors where you may 
 
 186 
 
MAJOR GENERAL PETER MUHLENBERG 
 
 Statue in Philadelphia City Hall by J. Otto Schweizer 
 In 1775 this clergyman was preaching in the Episcopal Church at Woodstock 
 
 Virginia. He said: 
 
 "There is a time for all things — a time to preach and a time to pray; but there is 
 
 also a time to fight, and that time has now come!" 
 
 Throwing off his gown, he displayed the full military uniform of a colonel, having 
 
 just accepted a commission from General Washington. Leaving his pulpit, he went 
 
 into the field with nearly 300 members of his congregation under his flag. 
 
go to bear an invitation to enter the sanctuary, and you are 
 drumming out to drum others in, for there is a drum waiting 
 everyone who would be in the faithful service of Jesus Christ, to 
 rouse to the military spirit those people who fail to attend the 
 services of the sanctuary and who are thus derelict in their duty 
 and false to their faith. 
 
 But this is not all. We would drum the people out of 
 church that they may enter into the civic life of the community 
 and do civic service. Social service is born of the church, it origi- 
 nated in the church, in the teachings of our Lord and Saviour, 
 Jesus Christ. The greatest social reformer was that man who 
 came to give his life for men and who preached to the unfortu- 
 nate, and the poor have the gospel preached unto them when 
 Jesus Christ is made manifest in the world. Therefore, we are 
 to join in social service. Ably and amply have the citizens of 
 Jersey City responded to the Master's call. I know of no city 
 of like size where there are more institutions for the care of the 
 unfortunate. Right in our own avenue we have a Home for 
 Aged Women. The children of the Home for the Friendless 
 attend our own services every Sunday, and out among the people 
 the ambulances are running to and fro to carry the wounded and 
 the sick to the hospitals which we care for. Through all these 
 efforts we are trying every year and every day of every year 
 to find out the unfortunate and the needy and to help them 
 either individually, personally or by some association, until we 
 get back to our organized Aid Society, which is the clearing 
 house of all these charities. A great deal is spent in entertain- 
 ments, concerts, which are given for the raising of funds to 
 support these institutions. But beyond the money which you 
 pay for tickets and which you give without return, beyond the 
 money that comes from the people of the city, there must be 
 the service in management. These matters must have the brain- 
 power of men and women behind them, and they have it, and 
 the church is drummed out to its social service. 
 
 We did not have to drum you out in order to have you 
 vote, or those of you who are entitled to vote, to vote on Tues- 
 day last. There was a record-breaking vote on that day, they 
 tell us ; but there are times, there have been times, and there 
 may be times again when the church must take sides on issues 
 on which the people vote, and when it may be the duty of the 
 minister to tell you how to vote and to lead you to the place as 
 
 188 
 
the faithful servants of Jesus Christ, to vote as you pray and 
 to vote for the kingdom of God and its progress among humanity. 
 
 We need to-day this spirit of loyalty to the church and to be 
 willing always to place the church on the side of everything that 
 is right and opposed to everything that is wrong; to move for- 
 ward at the behest of the Almighty, who cried, just before 
 Miriam began her song, "Go forward, for the God Jehovah has 
 spoken the word. Speak unto the people that they go forward." 
 The church of God enlisted in every great reform and enlisted 
 upon the side of righteousness and everlasting truth. 
 
 But again, we drum the people out of their churches in 
 order to align them in the great unified bodv of the church of 
 God. 
 
 "We are not divided, all one body we, 
 One in hope and doctrine, one in charity.'' 
 
 The church of Jesus Christ is a unit. We meet in our 
 separate churches for the convenience of division and labor ; we 
 are members of denominational bodies for the same reason, in 
 order to give expression to our inherited doctrines and customs, 
 but we are one after all, and in the last analysis it is simply the 
 church of Christ that moves forward in the host of the Almighty. 
 
 There are two great parades every year which are worthy 
 of our notice : Every June, the month of roses, we literally 
 drum our children out of their Sunday School rooms to join 
 in the parade of the Sunday School universal. We want to 
 show the people the jewels of our homes and the jewels of our 
 schools, and we join in this great company with banners and 
 flags, all denominations coming together in a demonstration for 
 Christ and his church. And then again, every October we wit- 
 ness the parade of what is called the Holy Name Society — a 
 great body of men who are willing to acknowledge the holy name 
 of Jesus and their faith in it, move to the park where they are 
 not ashamed to bow the knee and wait for the benediction, and 
 then arise and sing the song of the church in united chorus. 
 
 That which we see visuallv we see in the imagination of the 
 heart. As the church of God moves out at the sound of the 
 drum beat of the truth we take our places in the line of a unified 
 host, believing in Christ and his church, believing in righteous- 
 ness for the community, believing in peace for the world. We 
 hold ourselves in readiness after we have gone out of the church 
 to give expression to this faith which we have learned in the 
 church. 
 
 189 
 
This, then, is what the spirit of Thomas Abbey speaks to 
 us after a lapse of 150 years ; we stand here to-day as our fathers 
 stood in the Revolutionary struggle. We would be Minute Men, 
 we would answer the call of our Lord, and we would go out 
 when it is necessary, as we come in to get our inspiration and 
 our life. May we thus day by day wait upon God for that 
 inspiration and that command. I think it is a beautiful thought. 
 As General Washington waited for his army coming up from all 
 New England and from all the Middle States and received them 
 company by company and aligned them into regiments, so the 
 great Captain of our Salvation is waiting for his host. Let him 
 not wait in vain for the battle is on and "Onward, Christian 
 soldiers" must be the note to which we march, and "forward 
 be our watchword" is the inspiration of our intent and purpose. 
 May God help us to follow the drumbeat of the great Captain 
 of our Salvation in the advance upon the very bulwarks of the 
 foe. 
 
 THE CAPTAIN'S DRUM 
 'A battered drum that bore a painted unicorn." 
 
 190 
 
1775 AND 1916 
 
 By Herbert L. Bridgman. 
 
 [Leading Editorial in the Brooklyn Standard Union on Sunday, 
 
 November 12, 1916.] 
 
 The Abbey Memorial dedication in the ancient and peaceful 
 Connecticut town, the other day, bears a message and points a 
 moral of far more than personal or historic import. Ancestor 
 worship, a religion in China, has never, and for very obvious 
 reasons, prospered in this country, and while Enfield's incident is 
 a rare and generous exhibition of filial loyalty, it might, if that 
 were all there were to it, be dismissed with formal record and 
 respectful appreciation. America is yet too young, too rapidly 
 growing and changing to pay homage to mere heredity and line- 
 age, and, besides that, the doctrines upon which independence 
 was based and declared disputed and affronted all which had 
 been accepted as to the divine right of kings or the sanctity of 
 institutions merely because they were established and rested 
 upon descent and tradition. Rightly interpreted, the voices from 
 the Connecticut hills, whether it is the echo of Captain Abbey's 
 "unicorn" drum, almost a century and a half ago, calling his 
 neighbors and fellow townsmen to arms, or the eloquent words 
 of yesterday's speakers, are in tune with the chorus heard to-day 
 in every corner of the land and which, day after to-morrow, will 
 proclaim a new and greater Americanism. 
 
 Considered from this point of view the memorial performs 
 a distinct public service, and it is to the credit of those loyal 
 descendants to whom it is due that this personification of the true 
 American idea was one of their principal reasons and purposes. 
 Strangers and aliens by birth and blood, new generations which 
 know not Joseph, are filling up the valley of the Connecticut and 
 all the other rivers of the Atlantic slope, crowding out and to the 
 wall the older families whose forbears made and gained Ameri- 
 can independence, and no more effective instruction and object 
 lesson in the meaning and import of republican institutions can be 
 given. The silent, speaking statute of a typical soldier of the Rev- 
 olution tells far better than words what manner of men were 
 those who laid the foundations on which we build and sowed the 
 seed of which all who come to our shores may reap. Whatever it 
 may do for the natives who pass that way, no foreigner, Pole, 
 Hungarian, Slav or Italian, and the valley and villages count 
 them by thousands, will look upon Captain Abbey in enduring 
 
 191 
 
marble without admiration for the type of men who made this 
 country free for him and his posterity without pride that he may 
 share their heritage and a higher appreciation of its cost and 
 value. 
 
 Enfield speaks to the nation, and its words are most timely, 
 even imperative. After months of a racking and strenuous 
 campaign the minor issues and feebler notes have mostly disap- 
 peared. The dominant chord is American, and upon the response 
 to that hangs the future. In days and scenes like these Thomas 
 Abbey, and men like him, have a right to be heard and heeded. 
 They were not "too proud to fight," and there were no such 
 specious issues as preparedness or universal military training. 
 When the news of Lexington came, though they had no country 
 nor history, no ideal nor definite future, they had fixed principles, 
 sense of duty and determination to defend their natural, eternal 
 rights, and they translated all this into instant, effective action. 
 Times change, and we change with them, but the essential ele- 
 ments of human nature do not vary much with the centuries, 
 and the spirit and the methods of 76 will be no less effective in 
 1916 than when they were first asserted. 
 
 These men of the Revolution who secured and bequeathed to 
 us all we have worth having which we call country, were simple 
 and strong, did not pose as altruists or claim to be entrusted 
 with the uplift and salvation of the whole world and all future 
 generations. They wrote few or no diplomatic notes, and one 
 Declaration was enough for them. But the point is that when 
 they declared themselves, and of right, free and independent, 
 they backed it up by action and satisfied the world, and France 
 in particular, that they meant what they said, and so commanded 
 not only formal respect but active and invaluable armed support 
 by sea and land. The time has come round again, if it is not 
 already passed, when it will be necessary and wholesome to make 
 the world understand that when America says anything she 
 means it, and that marvelous development and prosperity have 
 not smothered nor extinguished the spirit which made America 
 possible. History surely repeats itself. We are far more wealthy, 
 though, probably far less wicked, than the doomed cities of the 
 plain, and the patriots and soldiers of the Revolution warn us 
 of their fate. 
 
 Another incident of the week strengthens and deepens the 
 lesson of Enfield. No one who attended the patriotic and inter- 
 
 192 
 
esting exercises commemorating the 150th anniversary of historic 
 St. Paul's, on Broadway, Manhattan, in which Washington 
 worshipped, but must have noticed the significant fact that the 
 very old and the very young made much the larger proportion 
 of the audience. In other words, the inherited American type of 
 early days is fast reaching a vanishing point, if it is not already 
 there, among the active, masterful men of affairs and of the 
 future. Evolution has nearly completed the cycle, and a new 
 
 Americanism, vigorous and cosmopolitan, is imperative if the 
 work of the last century and a half is to be continued and the 
 prestige of the nation in the world maintained. If there ever was 
 a time when the principles and methods of the men of '75 taught 
 a lesson, uttered a command to their descendants and all who 
 have come from the uttermost parts of the earth to share with 
 them the blessings of the freedom which they secured, it is here 
 and now. 
 
 193 
 
A WORTHY ENFIELD ABBE. 
 
 Timothy Harlow Abbe:, 1815-1904, made a collection of 
 records pertaining to the history of the family, many of which 
 were used in the "Abbe Genealogy" in compiling the history of 
 the Enfield branch. He also rendered to the Town of Enfield 
 a great service, which is thus described by his daughter, Mrs. 
 James C. Guthrie, of Springfield, Mass. : 
 
 "In our village the only place where young men could con- 
 gregate was the general store and saloon combined. My parents 
 knew the fatal attraction of the place and to counteract its influ- 
 ence they fitted up one of our front rooms as a reading room 
 and bade the boys welcome. The room was always warm, light 
 and clean, and my father encouraged the boys to study history 
 and current events and to learn to express themselves. He 
 formed a lyceum and the neighbors were invited in to hear their 
 sons debate the questions of the day. A deep thinker and a 
 forceful speaker himself, he planted in the minds and hearts of 
 receptive youth the pure thoughts and high ideals that were of 
 untold value in character building. One of these young men, 
 now a successful physician, said recently that he and his brothers 
 and cousins, among whom are lawyers, doctors and successful 
 business men, felt that they owed a large part of their success in 
 life to the influence and encouragement of Harlow Abbe." 
 
 The Seal of Connecticut 
 
 194 
 
THE WINDHAM ABBES. 
 
 [With the exception of his brother and himself these names 
 were selected by the late Professor Cleveland Abbe to be 
 inscribed on the Enfield Memorial.] 
 
 John Abb£, 1636-1700, was an original member of the first 
 church in Windham, Connecticut. His brother, 
 
 SamuEt, Abbe, 1646-1697, lived in Salem during the witch- 
 craft trials. He testified to the good character of Rebecca 
 Nourse, who was put to death. Both he and his wife testified 
 against Sarah Good and he made a deposition against Mary 
 Easty. 
 
 Richard Abbe, 1682-1737 (son of John Abbe of Wind- 
 ham), represented Windham in the Connecticut Legislature from 
 1726 to 1737. 
 
 Joshua Abbe, 1710-1807 (grandson of Samuel Abbe of 
 Windham), was known as "King Abbe" on account of his exten- 
 sive estates. He was the leader in a sect of Baptists called 
 "Abbe-ites." He kept open house for religious meetings and for 
 guests, among whom was "Mother" Ann Lee, founder of the 
 sect of Shakers. At the age of 94 it is stated that he had 218 
 living descendants. His wife, Mary Ripley, was a descendant of 
 Governor William Bradford of the Mayflower, of Lion Gardiner 
 of Gardiner's Island, of Lieutenant William Backus, the founder 
 of Norwich, Connecticut, and other Colonial celebrities. Their 
 son, 
 
 Shubaee Abbe, 1744-1804, was graduated at Yale in 1764 
 and served several terms in the Connecticut Legislature. Their 
 daughter, 
 
 Rachel Abbe, 1738-1795, was unfortunately omitted in 
 the inscriptions on the Enfield Memorial, but was most worthy 
 of commemoration there. She has, however, in Woodstock, 
 Connecticut, a lasting memorial of her patriotism. In 1766 she 
 married Samuel McClellan, who had served as ensign and lieu- 
 tenant in the French War and was wounded in battle. At the 
 Lexington Alarm she aided in fitting out her husband and the 
 troop of cavalry which he commanded at Bunker Hi 1 l. In honor 
 of the rising of the nation she set out memorial trees. Four 
 sapling elms were brought on horseback from the old Windham 
 homestead and transplanted into the soil of Woodstock, two in 
 front of her home and two on the slope of the adjoining com- 
 mon. Nurtured with care, they soon took root and flourished, 
 
 195 
 
and for nearly a century and a half have told the story of Lex- 
 ington and Concord. True trees of liberty, they have grown up 
 with the nation and still stand in majestic beauty, living witnesses 
 to the patriotism and devotion of Rachel Abbe, wife of General 
 Samuel McClellan of the Revolution, and great-grandmother of 
 General George B. McClellan of the Civil War. 
 
 V^V' 
 
 Henry Abbey, 1842-1911, was the author of several volumes 
 of verse. William Cullen Bryant paid tribute to his "affluent 
 fancy" and Charles G. Leland wrote that Mr. Abbey, for his 
 poem "Ralph," deserved ''permanent prominence in the Ameri- 
 can Parnassus." 
 
 Dr. Robert Abbe, 1852, has a world-wide reputation as one 
 of America's most eminent surgeons. His wife, Catherine 
 Amory Bennett, was the widow of Courtlandt Palmer, founder 
 of the Nineteenth Century Club. She founded the City History 
 Club of New York and is its president. 
 
 196 
 
Professor Cleveland Abbe, 1838-1916, died on October 28, 
 1916, just one week before the dedication of the Entield 
 Memorial, in which he took so deep an interest, and three weeks 
 prior to the publication of the ''Abbe Genealogy," on which he 
 had labored for more than half a century. His eminence as a 
 scientist was recognized by the degrees of doctor of laws con- 
 ferred by the University of Michigan in 1888, and by the Uni- 
 versity of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1896. The Symons Memorial 
 Gold Medal was awarded to him by the Royal Meteorological 
 Society of England in 1912, and the Marcellus Hartley Memorial 
 Medal by the American National Academy of Sciences in 1916 
 "for eminence in the application of science to the public wel- 
 fare." He was also an officer of the Academv of France. 
 
 
 From the bust by the late Onslow Ford 
 
 Edwin Austin Abbey, 1852-1911, at 21 became the humor- 
 ous illustrator of the "Editor's Drawer" in Harpers Magazine ; 
 later he illustrated Herrick, Goldsmith and Shakespeare, but he 
 won greatest fame as a painter. His chief works are the "Holy 
 Grail" series in the Boston Public Library, the murals in the 
 State Capitol at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and the coronation 
 of Edward VII. He was a member of the English Royal 
 Academy. His sense of humor was acute and he originated the 
 slang phrase, "chestnut." He always gave credit for anything 
 that he accomplished to his grandfather, Roswell Abbey, a Phila- 
 delphia merchant of fine artistic feeling. This devotion to 
 grandparents seems to be a characteristic Abbey trait. 
 
 197 
 
AGREEMENT ENTERED INTO BY THE FIRST EC- 
 CLESIASTICAL SOCIETY OF ENFIELD TO ADMIN- 
 ISTER THE FUND PROVIDED FOR THE CARE 
 AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ABBEY 
 MEMORIAL. 
 
 Whereas, Mr. Alden Freeman, of the City of East Orange, 
 Essex County, New Jersey, has agreed to pay to the First Ec- 
 clesiastical Society of Enfield, Connecticut, the sum of five hun- 
 dred dollars, in trust, to pay the income arising therefrom for 
 the maintenance of the Abbey Memorial, in Enfield, Conn. ; and, 
 
 Whereas, The said Alden Freeman has agreed to increase 
 said payment by one thousand dollars ($1,000), to the amount 
 of fifteen hundred dollars ($1500), on condition that the said 
 First Ecclesiastical Society will cause the lawn in front of the 
 First Congregational Church in the Town of Enfield, Conn., and 
 surrounding the memorial, to be graded and seeded and to lay 
 a new cement walk from the entrance of the church to the road- 
 way, as early in the spring of 1917 as conditions will permit, 
 said grading, seeding and laying of the said walk to be done at 
 the expense of the said First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield. 
 
 Now, Therefore, The said First Ecclesiastical Society of 
 Enfield, Conn., hereinafter referred to as the party of the first 
 part, in consideration of the premises, and the said sum of 
 fifteen hundred dollars ($1500), lawful money of the United 
 States, to it in hand paid by Alden Freeman, of the City of East 
 Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, hereinafter 
 referred to as the party of the second part, the receipt whereof is 
 hereby acknowledged, does promise and agree to grade the 
 grounds surrounding the memorial, and known as the "Town 
 Green," and particularly that part thereof which lies in front 
 of the church and the old Town Hall, which is located on the 
 opposite side of the roadway, and to cause the same to be seeded 
 and a lawn made, and to lay a new cement walk from the entrance 
 of the church to the macadam roadway ; said work to be done at 
 the expense of the said First Ecclesiastical Society, and out of 
 moneys other than said sum of fifteen hundred dollars ($1500), 
 or any part thereof, or the interest thereon. 
 
 And the said First Ecclesiastical Society further agrees, 
 in consideration of said sum of $1500, to hold said sum of $1500 
 as a fund, in trust, to be known as "The Alden Freeman Fund," 
 and to invest it according to the laws of the State of Connecti- 
 
 198 
 
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cut and regarding trust funds investments ; and to use the income 
 derived therefrom for the following purposes, and no other, 
 viz. : 
 
 To expend one-third (1-3) of the annual income arising 
 therefrom in the maintenance, cleaning and repairing of the 
 Abbey Memorial, in front of said church, including the seats, 
 paved center and the monument, as it may become, from time to 
 time, necessary so to do ; and in case, during any one year, said 
 monument shall require no expenditure for its maintenance, 
 repair or cleaning, then said one-third of the annual income shall 
 be reinvested and allowed to accumulate until such time as its 
 use is necessary for the above mentioned purposes. 
 
 To expend two-thirds (2-3) of the annual income arising 
 therefrom, or so much thereof as shall be necessary, in the upkeep 
 and further improvement of the grounds surrounding said 
 memorial, and known as "The Town Green," and particularly 
 that part thereof which lies in front of the church and the old 
 Town Hall, which is located on the opposite side of the road- 
 way ; and in case, during any one year, it shall not be necessary to 
 expend in the upkeep and further improvement of the grounds 
 the said entire two-thirds of the annual income arising from said 
 fund, then any balance of said two-thirds portion of the income 
 remaining unexpended shall be applied to that third of the annual 
 income and expended in the maintaining, cleaning and repairing 
 of the memorial ; or in case, during any year, that there be any 
 such surplus from the two-thirds portion of the annual income, 
 said balance shall be reinvested and allowed to accumulate until 
 such time as its use is necessary in the maintenance, cleaning and 
 repairing of the monument. 
 
 If, in any one year, the repairs on the memorial shall require 
 more than the accumulated one-third of the annual income 
 therein provided for that purpose, it shall be the duty of the 
 said First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield, and it hereby does 
 agree, to expend all the income for that year on the memorial 
 instead of on the grounds. 
 
 If at any time the grounds surrounding the monument or 
 in the vicinity thereof, belonging to the Town of Enfield, and 
 known as the "Town Green," are maintained and kept up at 
 public expense, then and in such event all of the income arising 
 from said trust fund of $1500 for such period as said "Town 
 Green" is maintained and kept up at public expense, shall be 
 
 200 
 
P. J. ROGERS, OF THOMPSONVILLE, CONNECTICUT, SETTING 
 THE ABBEY MEMORIAL 
 
reserved and applied only to the maintenance and repair of the 
 monument. 
 
 Nothing herein contained shall be deemed, however, to bind 
 the First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield to expend in any one 
 year more than the total accrued income on said trust fund of 
 $1500, which it may have on hand; nor shall anything herein con- 
 
 202 
 
tained be deemed to authorize the expenditure of any of said 
 income arising from said trust fund for the purpose of the 
 removing snow or ice from the walk leading from the roadway to 
 the church, or from the seats, or any of the area contained therein. 
 
 This agreement shall be binding upon the successors and 
 assigns of the said First Ecclesiastical Society of Enfield, Conn. 
 
 In Witness Whereof the First Ecclesiastical Society of 
 Enfield, Connecticut, has caused these presents to be signed by 
 its Committee, and its corporate seal to be affixed hereto, this 
 1 2th day of March, 19 17. 
 
 FIRST ECCLESIASTICAL SOCIETY 
 
 BY 
 
 ALLEN B. HATHAWAY 
 J. WARREN JOHNSON 
 WM. H. WHITNEY, Jr. 
 
 L. P. ABBE 
 
 WARREN B. JOHNSON 
 
 FRANK J. PEASE 
 
 In the Presence oe: 
 Jerry J. Chapin, Thomas L. Kenny, Mrs. 
 Belle K. Hathaway. 
 
 F. J. Peask, 
 
 DETAIL OF SEATBACK IN THE EXEDRA 
 
 The Tower of London typifies the autocratic rule which John Abbey turned his 
 
 back on when he sailed from London on January 2, 1634. 
 
 203 
 
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 ENFIELD TOWN HALL 
 
 LETTERING AND DETAILS OF THE BASE OF THE PEDESTAL 
 
ABBEY MEMORIAL IN ENGLAND. 
 [Cable to The New York Times.] 
 
 London, March 13, 1917. — Walter Hines Page, the Amer- 
 ican Ambassador, this afternoon delivered an address at the un- 
 veiling in St. Paul's Cathedral of a memorial tablet to the late 
 Edwin A. Abbey. Princess Louise, the Duchess of Argyll 
 (daughter of Queen Victoria, sister of Edward YII and herself 
 an artist of merit), unveiled the memorial to the genius of the 
 great American mural painter. 
 
 Ambassador Page sketched the career of the artist from the 
 days of his training in Philadelphia to the accomplishment of his 
 best achievements in England. 
 
 "This tablet,'' said the Ambassador, "is another link in the 
 endless chain that binds all parts of the English-speaking world 
 together and will forever hold them true to their common high 
 ideals." 
 
 -*» ET '*** o. 
 
 The Order of the Military Society of the War of 1812. 
 (See page 121) 
 
 If we mean to support the liberty and independence which 
 have cost us so much blood and treasure to establish, we must 
 drive far away the demon of party spirit. — George Washington. 
 
 Let us forget parties and think of our country. That coun- 
 try embraces both parties. We must endeavor therefore to save 
 and to benefit both. This cannot be while political delusions 
 array good men against each other. — Gouverneur Morris. 
 
 Then none was for a party; 
 
 Then all were for the state; 
 Then the great man helped the poor, 
 
 And the poor man loved the great. 
 
 — Macaulay's "Horatius." 
 
 207 
 
PRESIDENT WILSON ON LIBERTY AND PEACE. 
 
 Did you ever stop to think just what it is that America 
 stands for? If she stands for one thing more than another it 
 is the sovereignty of self-governing people, and her example, 
 her assistance, her encouragement, have thrilled two continents in 
 this western world with all those fine impulses which have built 
 up human liberty on both sides of the water. — Pittsburg, Janu- 
 ary 28, 1916. 
 
 Why is it that men who love liberty have crowded to these 
 shores? Why is it that we greet them as they enter the great 
 Harbor of New York with that majestic Statue of Liberty 
 holding up a torch, whose visionary beams are supposed to 
 spread abroad over the waters of the world and to say to all 
 men : "Come to America, where mankind is free and where 
 we love all the works of righteousness and peace?" — Cleveland, 
 January 29, 1916. 
 
 There is a great responsibility in having adopted liberty as 
 our ideal, because we must illustrate it in what we do. Mr. Pul- 
 itzer said that there would come a day when it was perceived 
 that the Goddess of Liberty was also the Goddess of Peace, and 
 throughout the last two years there has come more and more 
 into my heart the conviction that peace is going to come to the 
 world only with liberty. 
 
 With all due and sincere respect for those who represent 
 other forms of government than ours, perhaps I may be permitted 
 to say that peace cannot come so long as the destinies of men 
 are determined by small groups who make selfish choices of 
 their own. — New York, December 2, 1916. 
 
 When the people of Central Europe accept the peace which 
 is offered them by the Allies, not only zvill the allied peoples be 
 free, as they have never been free before, but the German people, 
 too, zvill find that in losing the dream of an empire over others, 
 they have found s elf -g over nnment for themselves. 
 
 David Lloyd George on Lincoln's Birthday, T917. 
 
 208 
 
VIEW FROM THE PORTICO OF THE ENFIELD CHURCH 
 
 Photographed by deWitt C. Ward 
 
ENFIELD CHURCH AND THE ABBEY MEMORIAL 
 
The sentence in American history that I am proudest of is in the 
 Declaration of Independence where the writers say that a decent respect 
 for the opinion of mankind demands that they state the reasons for what 
 they are about to do. 
 
 Woodrow Wilson, June 30. 1916. 
 
 President Wilson States the Purposes for Which the 
 Democratic Peoples of the World Are Fighting Against 
 the Autocratic Governments of Central Europe. 
 
 [Address to the Congress of the United States on April 2, 
 1917, advising the declaration of a state of war against the Ger- 
 man government.] 
 
 To fight for the ultimate peace of the world and for the lib- 
 eration of its peoples, the German peoples included ; for the rights 
 of nations, great and small, and the privilege of men everywhere 
 to choose their way of life and of obedience. 
 
 The menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence 
 of autocratic governments, backed by organized force which is 
 controlled wholly by their will, not by the will of the people. 
 
 A steadfast concert for peace can never be maintained except 
 by a partnership of democratic nations. No autocratic govern- 
 ment could be trusted to keep faith within it or observe its cove- 
 nants. Only free peoples can hold their purpose and their honor 
 steady to a common end and prefer the interests of mankind to 
 any narrow interest of their own. 
 
 The great, generous Russian people have been added, in all 
 their native majesty and might, to the forces that are fighting for 
 freedom in the world, for justice, and for peace. Here is a fit 
 partner for a League of Honor. 
 
 Prussian autocracy was not and never could be our friend. 
 Its spies were here even before the war began ; and it is a fact 
 proved in our courts of justice that intrigues to disturb the peace 
 and dislocate the industries of the country have been carried on 
 under the personal direction of official agents of the Imperial 
 Governnment. 
 
 The world must be made safe for democracy. 
 
 These words represent the faith which inspires and sustains 
 our people in the tremendous sacrifices they Jiavc made and are 
 still making. They also believe that the unity and peace of man- 
 kind can only rest upon democracy. 
 
 To all these the Prussian military autocracy is an implacable 
 foe. 
 
 — Prime Minister David Lloyd-George, April 6, 1917. 
 
 211 
 
Died on the Field of Honor in France Fighting for Freedom 
 
 LIEUTENANT EDWIN AUSTIN ABBEY, 2nd, 
 
 of Philadelphia, enlisted early in the war in the Canadian Engineers. 
 On April 19, 1917, he was reported "missing" in the fighting which 
 followed the taking of the famous Vimy Ridge by the Canadian 
 troops. Later it was announced that he was " killed in action." He 
 was the son of William Burling Abbey, of Mt. Holly, New Jersey, 
 grandson of Rev. John Kerfoot Lewis, Chaplain in the United States 
 Army, and namesake of his uncle, Edwin Austin Abbey, the celebrated 
 mural painter. 
 
Head of Jefferson used on all diplomas issued by the 
 University of Virginia, of which he was the founder. 
 
 TO THOMAS JEFFERSON, 
 who, in the Declaration of Independence, proclaimed the belief in 
 democracy for which all the free peoples of the earth are fight- 
 ing today. 
 
 Lincoln declared that all the political sentiments he enter- 
 tained sprang from the Declaration of Independence, and now 
 President Wilson is leading the American people in a glorious 
 crusade to make all the peoples of the world as free as ourselves 
 to determine their own political destinies. 
 
 Romanoff autocracy is dead in Russia. 
 
 Sic semper tyrannis. 
 
 HOHENZOLLERNI ET HAPSBVRGI DELENDI SVNT. 
 
 "The world must be made safe for democracy." 
 
 Thy spirit, Thomas Jefferson, is alive in the hearts of all 
 free men today. 
 
 Those about to die for freedom, salute thee, mighty shade! 
 
 [Inscription attached to a wreath of laurel placed on the grave of Jefferson at 
 Monticello, April 24th, 1917.] 
 
 213 
 
DOWNFALL OF THE HOHENZOLLERNS AND 
 
 RECONSTRUCTION OF EUROPE FORETOLD BY 
 
 A PRUSSIAN PHILOSOPHER. 
 
 An unjust enemy is one whose publicly expressed will, 
 whether in word or deed, betrays a maxim which, if it were taken 
 as a Universal rule, would make a state of peace among the nations 
 impossible. 
 
 Such is the violation of public treaties, with regard to which 
 it may be assumed that any such violation concerns all nations by 
 threatening their freedom, and that they are thus summoned to 
 unite against such a wrong, and to take away the power of com- 
 mitting it. 
 
 But this does not include the right to partition and appropri- 
 ate the country so as to make a State, as it were, disappear from 
 the earth, for this would be an injustice to the people of that 
 State, who cannot lose their right to unite into a commonwealth 
 and to adopt such a new constitution as by its nature would be 
 unfavorable to the inclination for war. 
 
 [Eternal Peace, Page 159. World Peace Foundation. Im- 
 manuel Kant.] 
 
 THE WILL TO POWER 
 
 The ancient truth still runs its course. 
 If you adopt the rule of Force 
 And boldly seek your chosen goal, 
 You risk your own, your all — your Soul ! 
 
 Goethe's Faust, 2d part, Act V. 
 
 214 
 
THE VERDICT OF M \XKI\I) 
 
 The Declaration of Independence was really written in the 
 blood of the patriots who fell at Lexington. To establish these 
 principles in the new world our forefathers fought from 1/75 to 
 1783; to establish the same principles throughout the rest of the 
 world all free peoples are fighting today. Although we are fight- 
 ing the most efficient and least scrupulous tyranny that ingenuity 
 and persistence have ever devised, the result is not in doubt, 
 although the struggle may be long. A vast majority of mankind 
 are giving evidence that they prefer death and annihilation rather 
 than to submit to the Kaiser. As a slaughterer of innocents he 
 has out-Heroded Herod ; as a concocter of massacres he has out- 
 Neroed Xero ; for callousness of mind and meanness of spirit he 
 has outdone all the sceptered monsters of ancient and modern 
 times. He and his ilk appear to be anti-Christ and the Heast 
 foretold of the prophets as the quintessence of evil. The world 
 despises this imperial vampire even more than it fears him. but if 
 the world is to be made safe for democracy the Kaiser and his 
 brood must be exterminated, root and branch. The blood of 
 slaughtered millions cries from the earth which he has defaced. 
 Incomparably more guilty than Charles I. of England or Louis 
 XVI. of France, it is the verdict of mankind that William II. of 
 Germany must expiate his crimes against mankind. 
 
 The remedy for the evils of democracy is more democracy. 
 — De Tocqueville. 
 
 21; 
 
WHAT AMERICA IS FIGHTING FOR, 
 
 America is not the name of so much territory. It is a living 
 spirit, born in travail, grown in the rough school of bitter ex- 
 perience, a living spirit which has purpose and pride and con- 
 science — knows why it wishes to live and to what end ; knows 
 how it comes to be respected of the world and hopes to retain 
 that respect by living on with the light of Lincoln's love of man 
 as its Old and New Testament. IT IS MORE PRECIOUS 
 THAT THIS AMERICA SHOULD LIVE THAN THAT 
 WE SHOULD LIVE. 
 
 The world of Christ — a neglected but not rejected Christ — 
 has come face to face with the world of Mahomet, who willed 
 to win by force. 
 
 We fight with the world for an honest world, in which 
 nations keep their word, a world in which nations do not live by 
 swagger or by threat, for a world in which men think of the 
 ways in which they can conquer the common cruelties of Nature 
 instead of inventing more horrible cruelties to inflict upon the 
 spirit and body of man, for a world in which the ambition of the 
 philosophy of a few shall not make miserable all mankind, for 
 a world in which the man is held more precious than the machine, 
 the system or the State. — Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the In- 
 terior, June 4, I9I/. 
 
 [An English poet's vision of the great war and its ending — a 
 prophecy made 75 years ago.] 
 
 For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see, 
 
 Saw the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be ; 
 
 Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails, 
 
 Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales ; 
 
 Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rained a ghastly 
 dew 
 
 From the nations' airy navies grappling in the central blue; 
 
 Far along the world-wide whisper of the south-wind rushing 
 warm, 
 
 With the standards of th,e Peoples plunging through the thunder- 
 storm ; 
 
 Till the war-drum throbbed no longer, and the battle-flags were 
 furled 
 
 In the Parliament of Man, the Federation of the World, 
 
 — Temryson's Locksley Hall, 1842, 
 
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 216 
 

 
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