) 570 ,8 C8 P4 L917 Jopy 1 OUTLINE OF DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA > > OUTLINE OF DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA /f/7 D. Of D. SEP 5 1917 ^N .«> COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Headquarters 7th Floor, Finance Building Philadelphia, Pa. August 31, 1917. ROSTER George Wharton Pepper, Chairman B. F. Jones, Jr., Vice -Chair man Lewis E. Beitler, Secretary Effingham B. Morris, Treasurer Lewis S. Sadler, Executive Manager EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE E. M. C. Africa A. W. Mellon W. W. Atterbury Allen P. Perley A. C. Dinkey James Scarlett Spencer C. Gilbert A. W. Sewall H. J. Hayden E. T. Stotesbury Mrs. J. Willis Martin Colonel L. A. Watres Homer D. Williams DEPARTMENTAL HEADS General Committee Finance Arthur E. Newbold, Director Publicity J. Benjamin Dimmick, Director Legislation Honorable Frank Gunnison. Director Allied Bodies Dr. S. B. McCormick, Director Sanitation^ Medicine and Red Cross T. DeWitt Cuyler, Director Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, Vice-Director Dr. Hobart a. Hare, Vice-Director Charlton Yarnall, Vice-Director Civic Relief Colonel Louis J. Kolb, Director Albert Cross, Vice-Director Food Supply Howard Heinz, Director Ernest L. Tustin, Vice-Director ]. S. Crutchfield, Vice-Director Materials B. Dawson Coleman, Director Plants George S. Davison, Director Motors and Motor Trucks David S. Ludlum, Director ]. Kearsley Mitchell, Vice-Director J. Howard Reber, Vice-Director Powell Evans, Vice-Director Civilian Service and Labor Edgar C. Felton, Director J. C. Frazee, Vice-Director Military Service General Avery D. Andrews, Director C. Willing Hare, Vice-Director A. J. Drexel Biddle, Vice-Director Captain J. Franklin McFadden, Vice-Director Naval Service E. Walter Clark, Director Thomas Newhall, Vice-Director Guards, Police and Inspection Major John C. Groome, Director Honorable John K. Tener, Vice-Director William S. Ellis, Vice-Director David A. Reed, Vice-Director Railroads, Electric Railroads, High and Waterways Samuel Rea, Director Agnew T. Dice, Vice-Director Thomas E. Mitten, Vice-Director Moorhead C. Kennedy, Vice-Director COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Five months ago, in recognition of the obvious necessity for nation-wide co-ordination of State energies and resources to permit of the most vigorous prosecution of war by the Federal Government, the Committee of Pubhc Safety for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, including more than 300 representative civilians, was appointed by the Governor. The Committee began its appointed labors under a plan which concentrates activities into five divisions comprising seventeen separate working departments, all under compact, central executive control, the entire work of rendering effec- tive State aid to the nation's war effort being financed by a legislative apropriation of $2,000,000. Coincident with the financing of the work, supervision of all expenditures was vested in a commission composed of the five highest elective officers of the Commonwealth, the Governor being its chair- man. In the brief period which has elapsed since its creation, the committee has completed its organization throughout the sixty-seven counties of the State. County units duplicate, so far as is possible in their structure, all of the divisions and departments of the State body, so that complete co-ordi- nation of effort is possible, and has been attained in every line of activity so far undertaken. Comprising as it does the five major divisions of ad- ministration, which includes departments of Finance, Pub- licity, Legislation and Allied Bodies ; Relief, including depart- ments of Sanitation, Medicine and Red Cross and Civic Re- lief; Equipment and Supply, with departments of Food Sup- ply, Materials, Plants and Motors and Motor Trucks ; Service, with departments of Civilian Service and Labor, Military Service, Naval Service, and Guards, Police and Inspection; and division of Transportation, with departments of Railroads, Electric Railways and Motors, and Highways and Water- ways, the committee has a working range covering practically every field of useful endeavor. Being the only body possessing State authority to mobilize and conserve all resources essential to the promotion of the war, the committee has obtained the willingly granted right to assimilate operations of established organizations and insti- tutions, and, as necessity demanded, these have been incor- porated almost wholly or in part into the general work. Ac- tivities of official State departments essential to the efficiency of the committee's program have also been placed at its com- mand so that it stands as the one organization having equip- ment and capacity for carrying out its great and vital work. Thus the committee has succeeded in effecting a concen- tration of effort not paralleled at any other time in Pennsyl- vania's history and probably unexcelled by any other State mobilization of potential resources. Though possessed of this effective organization and hav- ing already demonstrated impressive efficiency in the opera- tions of a number of its departments, the committee will not, of course, be able to display all that it is capable of achieving until the more active participation of the Government in the great war brings all of its own planned activities into service. Up to the present the military and naval situation and acute food conditions have been of dominating importance throughout the State and nation, with the result that activities have been centered in those departments of the committee organized to cope specifically with problems arising from such sources. This does not imply, however, that the only important work has been confined to military, naval and food conserva- tion programs ; all of the departments have been earnestly promoting their various activities. A comprehensive outline of the entire work is the aim of the following review: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE The duties of the Department of Finance obviously call for no extended explanation. In the initial stages of the committee's work, when it was without funds, $25,000 was provided to enable it to be organized ; this sum was repaid out of the $2,000,000 appropriation made by the General As- sembly as soon as that appropriation became available. All requisitions for expenditures approved by the Executive Com- mittee of the Committee of Public Safety must of course be finally passed upon by the Commission of Public Safety and Defense of the Commonwealth created by the Legislature; and all accounts of the Committee of Public Safety for Penn- sylvania, as an agent of the commission, must be audited by the Auditor-General of Pennsylvania as required by the or- ganic law of the Commonwealth. It is the fixed policy of the Commission of Public Safety and Defense of the Com- monwealth to safeguard the amount appropriated by the Legis- lature in every way against the demands that may arise in the course of the arduous task which lies ahead of the country in this war, which cannot be estimated at present, but which undoubtedly will be of unprecedented magnitude. The strictest economy has, therefore, been observed by both the Commission of Public Safety and Defense of the Common- wealth and the Committee of Public Safety in confining ex- penditures to general purposes of public safety and defense. Up to the present time less than $50,000 of the $2,000,000 which was so appropriated by the General Assembly has been spent for all the work accomplished by the Committee of Public Safety for Pennsylvania as outlined in the activities of its various departments herein set forth. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICITY Assuming its duties practically coincident with the or- ganization of the committee, the Department of Publicity has closely adhered to its designated work of interpreting to the public the committee's aims and plans, and carrying out edu- cational propaganda. In conducting this work the plan was adopted of making the department, so far as possible, a clearing house for all news relating to general activities. There are, of course, well-known established avenues through which publicity is usually disseminated and these have been made use of. But other methods of keeping the public informed have been sought and used with good effect. The activities of the various departments being entrusted to the direction of recognized experts, it has been the function of the publicity division to keep in close touch with the de- tails of all work. In this way it has been able to supply timely news announcements to the press and to enlist State-wide co-operation with the separate departments. It has also ren- dered occasional service in an advisory capacity to other de- partments. To date almost one hundred separate news stories cover- ing every phase of the committee's undertakings have been furnished to the newspapers of the State. The department has organized, through generous co-operation of the pub- lishers, a system whereby the columns of more than 500 news- papers are at the committee's service to convey important news and facts to the public. This system has been of great value in promoting the activities of various departments, particularly the recruiting campaign of the Military Service Department, and the food conservation efforts of the Food Supply Department. News stories and appeals prepared and put out by the Publicity Department in connection with these activities alone were given newspaper space probably totaling 1000 columns. The department also has assisted in the issuance of posters and other literature and devised a method of securing their prominent and widespread display. By way of illustration, posters aimed to speed up the planting of non-perishable crops were, through the department's efforts, strategically placed in 2000 country general stores throughout the State as well as in roadside hostelries, creameries and other places frequented by farmers. A volunteer posting service, including thousands of drug stores and other high-class business houses all over the State, was established and has been used effectively for window posting displays. Co-operation of these stores is assured so long as the committee requires their assistance. Regular bill- posting service has, of course, been added to the volunteer window service when necessary. The department is in contact with the publicity work of other State committees. To its duties of keeping the public fully informed through the newspapers it has added the duty of keeping the directing heads and State-wide sub-divisions of the committee fully cognizant of general activities. DEPARTMENT OF LEGISLATION Duties defined for the Department of Legislation include, inter alia, the framing of appropriate statutes to give effective force to policies or measures adopted by the Executive Com- mittee ; also their introduction into and support before the State Legislature. One of the bills which enlisted the attention of this de- partment was the Act of Assembly passed at the recent session of the Legislature authorizing the creation of the Pennsyl- vania Home Defense Police. Undoubtedly, there will be exigencies to be met requiring special legislation should the war continue for any considerable period. When these situa- tions arise it is the department's function to devise methods of coping with them by legislative effort. DEPARTMENT OF ALLIED BODIES The announced function of the Department of Allied Bodies is to relate the activities of the Committee of Public Safety to those of all bodies working in similar fields, includ- ing corresponding committees acting under the appointment in other commonwealths. Co-operative contact with patriotic and defense organizations is also part of its working plan. 8 In completing its organization the department has appor- tioned its activities among twelve divisions, each in charge of a vice-director. The divisions effectively guide the co-opera- tion of these societies and organizations; patriotic, religious, scientific and other learned societies; fraternal, agricultural, women's organizations, labor unions, firemen, police and public officials; commercial and manufacturing, professional, clubs and universities and colleges. As a foundation for future work it was necessary to list the component units of all of the organizations in the State. This comprehensive listing, never before attempted, is now complete and affords a means of conducting unusual co-opera- tive effort. Steps will be taken soon to register the capacity of the organizations for service in various fields. Co-ordi- nated work without duplication is the constant aim. DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MEDICINE AND RED CROSS Co-operation with State and Federal authorities, Amer- ican Red Cross and correlated agencies in this field, supple- mented by original effort where necessary is the plan of ac- tivity formulated for this department. The department's first effort was the compilation and in- dexing of data relating to every organization, institution and profession coming within its alignment whose capacities, oper- ations or personnel could in any way be applied to the service of the State and nation in war time. In particular it has created a roster of dentists, veterinarians and pharmacists with special information of the character and amount of ser- vice that each one will give in emergencies. For instance, if the Government were to request a list of dentists willing to serve who can speak French, German, Hun- garian, Russian and almost any other language, the department could supply the information. It could also supply complete information about the equipment they possess and the amount of it which would be placed at the disposal of the Govern- ment. This equipment includes hundreds of complete outfits, thousands of hand instruments, engines, cabinets and other necessary appliances. Hundreds of these dentists, many of them being specialists, have put themselves on record as being willing to serve in the army when necessary. A similar roster of pharmacists has also been compiled. It includes many pharmacists who have large manufacturing facilities for producing drugs, chemicals, pills, powders, etc., and these facilities they are willing to apply to the country's need. Some even offer entire buildings for Government use. 9 The pharmacists include men who can speak ahnost every known European language. Complete information has been secured relating to hos- pitals, homes and other institutions so that the location, owner- ship, character, equipment and other essential facts are avail- able for any purpose; also whether the institutions are at the disposal of the Government, Institutions and buildings which might be used in time of emergency as convalescent hospitals have been located. The department, upon request, is in a position to furnish reclamation, detention or hospital camp sites and, in fact, has furnished some sites. It is also possessed of exact knowledge of the approximate size, topography, present condition of land, transportation, light and power facilities in each case. It is prepared to handle problems of sanitary engineering, sanitation and to give data concerning sanitary conditions anywhere in the State, and has at its call specialists in nursing, sanitation and hygiene. Among other activities the department has evolved and is manufacturing what is pronounced the best type of bandage roller on the market, which it is supplying at bare cost to hos- pitals. Red Cross chapters and other humanitarian units for the purpose of insuring a large supply of medical bandages when there is a demand. Through its connection with a great number of organi- zations and institutions the department is able to put forth a wide variety of effort in its particular field without duplica- tion or overlapping of the work. The department is in close co-operation with the State Department of Health, the administration of which, under Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, is so widely and favorably known. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIC RELIEF Activities connected with the relief of dependent families and all measures necessary to be adopted in dealing with the social and moral problems incidental to a state of war fall within the scope of this department. The co-operation of social agencies and social workers is part of the general plan. County organization has been carried into most of the districts of the State and many county units are actively at work. An important step was taken by the department in the creation of a committee of experts, including men and women, to act in an advisory capacity in dealing with problems of care of dependents, education, recruiting and placement of volunteer workers, religious welfare and welfare of chil- dren and health and sanitation in cities and towns, 10 Members of this committee will visit the various counties and give expert advice regarding organizations and work of sub-committees. Already the department has rendered valuable assistance to humanitarian societies and associations through a special appeal it has made to the charitable public for a continuance of their contributions. This appeal, which has been sent to 20,000 contributors, urges that unless the public continues its support many organizations absolutely essential to the relief plans of the State will be compelled to go out of existence. The enrolment of volunteers for civic relief work upon a regulation enlistment basis will soon be undertaken. Vol- unteers will be recruited from that part of the population in- eligible for military service. Workers not familiar with the duties will be given special training in social economy, various institutions equipped for such training having proffered their services for this purpose without cost. The department has taken action through the formation of district committees of education to forestall child labor exploitation and other abuses which might result from neglect of child welfare. These committees include public school officials and leaders in educational work. DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SUPPLY The task assigned to this department was that of awaken- ing the people to the seriousness of the food situation. Some of the results to be accomplished were the cultivation of un- used land, substitution of necessary crops for luxuries, elimi- nation of waste in food production, handling and consump- tion and in a measure to find the necessaiy additional man- power for the speeding up of agriculture. The department began its work by a campaign which enlisted the farmers of the State in a movement to make good the wheat shortage by greatly increased acreage of non-per- ishable crops, especially corn. The meat problem was handled by inducing farmers to make special efforts to increase their holdings of live stock, hogs in particular. Thousands of large posters outlining the method by which the farmer could re- lieve the critical situation were used in this work. Smaller posters giving hints for amateur gardeners were employed to stimulate home gardening. County units of the department were actively engaged in the campaign under daily instructions from headquarters. A feature was the enrolment of high school students to assist the farmers. Through the department's efforts various schools throughout the State released the students in advance of the 11 summer recess and the county workers placed them wherever their services could be used to advantage. The subject of food conservation has been and is being given special attention. One of the methods adopted to pro- mote conservation was the enlistment of hotel men's aid throughout the State. At the department's solicitation the Pennsylvania Hotel Men's Association accepted the plan of reduced menus, eliminating dishes prepared from lamb, veal and other immature meats. A larger use is being made of sea food to curtail the demand for meat. Corn and rye breads have been substituted for wheat edibles. "War portions" are being offered at a reduction and menu cards urge the public to accept modified service, and so to use care in ordering that waste from left- overs may be eliminated. Housewives also are being edu- cated to install the modified menu system in their homes. They are also being aided in the purchase of foodstuffs by daily bulletins which call attention to the edibles most plenti- ful in the market and to price savings that may be effected by their use. This plan promotes the use of perishable food- stuffs and adds to the store of non-perishables for future consumption. Community markets and automobile roadside markets have been established throughout the State for the wider distribution of produce, much of which would otherwise fail to reach the consumer. Under this plan community markets are held at stated intervals, directed by appointed market masters. The automobile roadside markets are arranged by the farmers themselves for the purpose of concentrating sell- ing effort and taking better advantage of the opportunities of directly reaching the traveling public. One of the greatest efforts made by the department has been in connection with the enlistment of all women in the Hoover Food Saving Army. Three million enrolment cards have been printed by the department and distributed through- out the State. The department's own working divisions, as- sisted by every organization and association that could be enlisted, are now pushing the enrolment, their aim being a 100 per cent, registration of Pennsylvania women for food con- servation. Twenty thousand copies of an attractive three-color poster, the publication of specially prepared appeals in hun- dreds of newspapers and the use of 2200 colored slides in moving-picture houses are among the methods of publicity adopted to induce the women to sign-up. Red Cross units, civic associations, women's organizations and various other 12 agencies, including the official police throughout the State have given valuable assistance, and to date, according to Na- tional Food Director Hoover's published intei'view, Philadel- phia leads all other cities in this enrolment and Pennsylvania bids fair likewise to lead the States. In co-operation with the Fire Underwriters' Association, food storage plants, and especially grain elevators, have been carefully inspected throughout the State and better policing devised to guard against fire loss. Plans are now being formed to render assistance to farm- ers, through local safety committees, in the distribution and marketing of the fall potato crop of the State which promises to be very large in volume. Community storage houses are contemplated in the heavier producing counties, wherein farm- ers may store graded and sacked potatoes, as a means of equal- izing the distribution throughout the year, thus affording pro- tection to the farmer against abnormally low and to the con- sumer against unreasonably high prices. Such storage is also expected to facilitate the financing of the crop by enabling local banks to advance loans to farmers against potato ware- house receipts. The work of the Department, along the lines of increased food production and conservation, has been co-ordinated throughout with the activities of the various permanent State organizations, especially the Department of Agriculture and State College Farm Extension Bureau. Women skilled in home economics have been provided throughout the State to teach home canning, drying and preserving. Preparations are now well under way to supplement the earlier work under- taken in this direction by the operation of a demonstration train over the lines of the Pennsylvania Railway system. This train, loaned by the railway company, will be fitted up with various exhibits of foods, household utensils, etc., under the joint auspices of the Federal and State Food Administrations, State College and the railroad. It will be operated under the management of the State Food Department in educational work on food conservation and economy, over a considerable period, during which many towns and cities will be visited, and it is expected that great interest will be aroused and much good accomplished. Plans have already been formulated or are in process of formation to secure a material increase in the acreage to be sown to rye and winter wheat for the crops of 1918. Also for securing better yields of these important cereals and other crops through seed selection, the distribution of fertilizer at moderate cost, and its more intelligent use, as well as by edu- 13 cational work in better farming methods. Measures are also being undertaken to augment the meat supply for next year, by stimulating increased production in the quick maturing meat animals, like hogs and sheep, and by an endeavor to bring about a large increase in poultry flocks. In addition to all that has been done to meet present and future emergencies the department has welded its com- ponent tmits into a State-wide organization prepared and equipped to give efficient working results at any time. DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS As part of its work the Department of Materials will undertake to determine with exactness the available resources of the State in minerals and in materials which enter into industrial processes. A comprehensive outline of the department's working program is not presented at this time, nor is the department in a state of activity, because the Council of National De- fense, for reasons related to the conduct of its own activities, has requested delay in putting the plans into active operation. DEPARTMENT OF PLANTS A survey of the industrial capacity of the State's manu- facturing establishments and co-ordination of their productive efforts fall within the working scope of the Department of Plants. Under the designation of plants is included, of course, all establishments whose output may be applied in any way to the prosecution of the war. The situation with reference to the work of this de- partment duplicates the status of the Department of Ma- terials : Active operations have been deferred at the sugges- tion of the Council of National Defense. DEPARTMENT OF MOTORS AND MOTOR TRUCKS The Department of Motors and Motor Trucks has un- dertaken an exhaustive inventory of the motor resources of the Commonwealth. Its plans call for a comprehensive motor transportation service to be available in any and all emer- gencies. The county divisions of the department are now work- ing out the details of a program which is to provide for each county a motor service to transport policemen, soldiers, am- munition and material in case of riot or disturbance. The service is also to be organized so that it could supplement railroad facilities should the rail service for any reason be- come inefficient. A motor service plan for the quick move- 14 ment of crops during the harvesting season is also being formulated. The inventory of motor vehicles is including a registry of at least 25 per cent, of the pleasure cars. AH available drivers are also being registered. Ten per cent, of the cars inventoried are being enrolled in a reserve division for active emergency service day or night. Enrolment is much in the form of an enlistment as applied to owners and drivers, a pledge being obtained that they will give immediate response to any and all emergency calls. Each county is perfecting its motor service to suit its own individual requirements. Many of the counties have their plans in working shape. That the department has an organization capable of cop- ing with big emergency work was illustrated recently when it moved the Second Field Artillery — a Philadelphia big gun regiment — from its armory into camp. At short notice, through its Philadelphia division, the department mobilized sixty motor trucks and transported 1300 men, several batteries of heavy howitzers and a vast amount of stores and equipment from the armory near the center of the city to a camp site ten miles distant. The work was accomplished in a few hours, despite very unfavorable weather conditions, and without a single mishap, breakdown or delay. It was highly appreciated and commended by Col. H. D. Turner, commanding the regiment. Considerable motor service has also been furnished for Red Cross purposes. Trucks were, on some occasions, fur- nished by the department for recruiting work. Service of the county divisions has also been commenced. The plan of having the units so organized that they may best handle the requirements of their own districts independently has given most satisfactory results. Each section of the de- partment has shown its ability to cope with the emergency situations that so far have arisen. A notable illustration was the work of the Chester divi- sion during the recent race disturbance in that city. In re- sponse to a call for aid from the mayor, the division put into service twenty- four motor vehicles which were used to trans- port guards, police and State police. The service was so effective in assisting the authorities to keep the outbreaks in check that its continuance was re- quested and granted until the trouble had been suppressed, Motor cars and trucks remained at this work all night during the most violent periods of the disorder. The value of the service rendered was acknowledged by Mayor McDowell. 15 DEPARTMENT OF CIVILIAN SERVICE AND LABOR Upon the organization of the committee a plan of activity was outHned for the Department of CiviHan Service and Labor, giving it supervision over all the non-military activities, both of men and women ; also study and control of problems of labor supply and mobilization. Immediately upon the appointment of a director, vice- director and superintendents the department amplified the outline of its working program. It has undertaken to render civilian service for industry in the broadest acceptance of the term. To cope with the various problems and intricacies of the work six superintendencies were created, controlling four separate bureaus and two divisions, all in charge of experts. The work outlined provides for the educating and in- structing of labor recruits as well as organizing and making more mobile and effective the existing labor forces. Immediate effort is being concentrated on four vital features. These are the determination of the needs for in- dustrial labor; determination of the needs for agricultural labor; establishment of employment offices and the appoint- ment of district superintendents of the Federal Boys' Work- ing Reserve. Bureaus created are Labor Relations, Organization, In- struction and Employment. Duties defined for the Labor Relations Bureau are the handling of problems arising in connection with alien labor and questions of conciliation and mediation between employer and employe. The Bureau of Organization is handling the work of establishing working reserves and the incidental compilation of records, information and also matters of official relation- ships and new activities. To the Bureau of Instruction is assigned the details of organization of instruction and training designed to increase labor efficiency, particularly as applied to aliens. It also at- tends to supervision of minors enrolled in the working re- serves, both before and after employment. Making provision for the recreational activities where they may be found desirable, provision for the development of physical training necessary to prepare prospective labor for harvesting and other forms of arduous employment also are within its scope, as are the organization and supervision of farm camps. The Bureau of Employment has set about the organiza- tion and supervision of local employment offices, whose duty 16 is to collect information concerning the need for labor and the amount of labor available, with the purpose of distributing such labor most effectively. An industrial superintendent for men and boys and another for women and girls with special duties of creating reserve forces complete the headquarters organization. Already the department has the co-operation of the offi- cially established agencies of the State government in so far as their activities can be applied to the work. The sources of labor supply with which the department is dealing are regular labor, composed of workers regularly engaged in industrial pursuits, and a working reserve, com- posed of persons not daily employed in productive pursuits whose time is not wholly occupied, but who are willing for the good of the country to engage temporarily in productive labor. In order that the department may be at all times in close touch with the needs of important industrial establishments, each of these establishments is being requested to appoint an industrial correspondent from its own organization. This correspondent is directed to advise headquarters of the de- partment of all needs and problems. Local units of the de- partment are instructed to see that industrial concerns follow these suggestions. Needs for industrial labor are reported to local employment offices being established by the depart- ment. In the matter of agricultural labor contact has been es- tablished with, and co-operation assured by, the regularly appointed County agricultural agents now serving under State and Federal supervision. These agents accept requests for farm labor for transmission to the department's local em- ployment offices. The employment offices themselves are being organized under supervision of the employment bureau of the State Department of Labor and Industry, working jointly with the Civilian Service Bureau of Employment. The workings of this system have been so carefully planned as to make pro- vision for exchanges of labor between Pennsylvania and other States should emergency arise and a higher degree of effi- ciency be made possible thereby. The aim of the local employment offices is to bring reg- ular labor and members of the working reserves into contact with prospective employers. The work of the department is not intended to act be- yond the point where the individual presents himself to the employer and accepts employment, except in cases such as 17 employment of girls and boys, where conditions require care- ful investigation and control. While the department may mediate or act as arbitrator in case of disagreement, it will have nothing to do with the relief of individuals on strike or unemployed. It aims so far as possible to anticipate labor misunderstandings and take measures looking toward their prevention or settlement. Summarized, its work is the regis- tering, instructing and placing of labor where it can be most effectively employed. The county units of the department are not held down in their activities to an exact duplication of the headquarters form of organization, as they are not called upon for creative or initiative duties. Their work is of a supervising nature. The organization of the Pennsylvania division of the Fed- eral Boys' Working Reserve is now proceeding under direc- tion of the Industrial Superintendent for Men and Boys. A similar organization of girls has been recommended by the department. Other reserves, such as branches of the National League for Woman's Service and Public Service Reserve for Men, are under consideration. Women and girls will find many opportunities for active service during the present emergency. Their lines of effort are being fitted into the general scheme by the Industrial Superintendent for Women and Girls, who is a woman and who is also a chairman of the Pennsylvania division, National League for Woman's Service. DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY SERVICE The primary duty outlined for this department in the general committee plan is co-operation with the Federal Gov- ernment in the creation of the national army. Registration of eligibles for the Selective Draft called for the active as- sistance of the Department of Military Service soon after the committee came into existence. Recruiting efforts to bring the regular army and the National Guard up to full strength provided another opportunity for service. The department's work is conceded to have contributed in a very large measure to the remarkable registration and recruiting standards set by Pennsylvania. Registration work was conducted along these lines: Di- rectors of registration were named in the various county units and were placed in charge of the preliminary campaigning to insure registration of all eligibles. Daily instructions issued by the department were carried out effectively by the county units. Twenty-five thousand copies of a three-color poster, 250,000 hand bills, thousands of warning bulletins and other 18 means of publicity were employed to keep the day and duty of registration before the public. It was at the request of this department that the Post- master General permitted free delivery of registration liter- ature by rural mail carriers, a concession which was of im- mense benefit to registration work through the United States. Advance lists were prepared of known eligibles and other precautionary measures were taken to prevent registration delinquency. In a great many counties the registration workers either directly provided motor transportation or induced firms and organizations to provide motor transportation for the speeding up of the enrollment. Recruiting of the guard and regular army was aided by a carefully planned campaign. Every form of publicity was employed, including the issuance of 20,000 three-color posters for the guard, and color and other types of posters for the regular army. Special posters were issued for the Military Police and the Ammunition Supply Train. Two hundred thou- sand leaflets adapted to the particular use of various regimental vmits were also printed. The newspapers loyally supported the campaign by the publication of news stories daily, and a special two-column Guard recruiting story, prepared for the department, appeared in a great majority of the 600 papers of the State. Philadel- phia regiments in need of special assistance were aided by the posting throughout the city of 24-sheet posters and by the placing of huge signs on the armories. Motor service was also supplied for their recruiting detachments. The as- sistance rendered the Guard was highly praised by com- manders of regiments in letters to the director of the de- partment. Through its activities along these lines the department and its various county units have established an effective or- ganization which will be capable of continued usefulness when necessity arises. DEPARTMENT OF NAVAL SERVICE Recruiting for the Navy, the Naval Militia and the Naval Coast Defense Reserve and the creation of auxiliary defense fleets are the principal lines along which the activities of this department were and are being concentrated. A naval recruiting campaign was undertaken soon after the organization of the department, which resulted in fully 5000 men being enrolled by June 15th last. This by no means represents the extent to which the recruiting efforts could have been carried, as owing to lack of naval housing facilities 19 in this district the department was practically forced tempo- rarily to suspend its recruiting work. Indications were that 25,000 men would have been enrolled by a continuance of the campaign. At one time there were 70 enrollment stations open for the distribution of recruiting literature and information. Re- cruiting trips were made up and down the Delaware River, securing a large number of men. Ten thousand window cards, 60,000 booklets and many thousand leafllets were used in the publicity effort. After several thousand men had been enrolled in the reserve the need of a camp for housing and training the re- cruits became apparent and the department secured a desir- able site near Cape May at a nominal rental of $1 for the duration of the war, which is now being equipped to accom- modate 2000 men. The work of arranging for all the neces- sary camp facilities was handled by the department. Through its efforts an expensive railroad siding is being constructed by the Reading without cost to the Government, Some of the other achievements were the listing of boats in the district available for coast defense work, some of which were subsequently taken over by the navy as mine sweepers. The co-operation of tug-boat owners and the profifer of a number of these boats for naval service was also obtained. Assistance was given to naval training classes of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in drill work. Largely as a result of the department's activities the city made a generous appropriation to improve sanitary conditions in and around League Island Navy Yard by the abatement of the fly and mosquito nuisance. Also as a result of its work additional barracks at the Navy Yard to house 5000 men is being provided. The organization is in contact with similar departments in other states and is prepared for a continuance of activities as occasion demands, DEPARTMENT OF GUARDS, POLICE AND INSPECTION Providing for an auxiliary police service to supplement existing forces is one of the principal aims of this depart- ment. The Governor's signature on July 18th to an act of Assembly, giving the necessary authority for the creation of such a force in the various counties, has permitted of plans being put into active operation, Philadelphia, as a city of the first class possessing the authority to create an auxiliary force at any time there is 20 such necessity, already has an organization of the Home De- fense Police. In the smaller cities the forces also will be organized subject to the control of local authorities and in- dependent of the county organization. Members in all cases will be sworn in as special officers, and as such will have all the powers of policemen in the first- class cities. Already Cumberland County is completing its home police system, which will serve as a model for the ex- tension of the sei'vice to all counties. Instructions are now in the hands of all local divisions outlining the methods of organization. The plan adopted for counties provides for a headquarters and platoon system for each county, the platoons to be strateg- ically located for rapid concentration of their several units. Enrolment will include owners of motor vehicles so that emergency transportation may be available. Primarily the duties of the force will be to assist local authorities in the preservation of order in the vicinity of their homes and to protect life and property from destruction in case of internal disorder. Mature men of military, naval or police experience are being chosen as officers. The equip- ment includes a special badge, an arm band, a whistle and a police "billie." Members will have authority at all times to make ar- rests should occasion arise and thus the State will be provided with an auxiliary police reserve supervising public security all the time and anywhere. Competent drill masters will give military instruction and will drill the units in riot, fire and other police duties. The city plan provides for a two or a three-platoon or- ganization, according to population. The platoons will be di- vided into companies, with one company for each police dis- trict, under command of the district police official. A motor transportation corps on a platoon basis and to include a "flying squadron" for emergency calls, is part of the plan. As men between the ages of 21 and 60 years, ineligible for military service by reason of age or dependents, may enroll in the Home Defense Police, the organization of a force run- ning into thousands is practically assured. Records of this enrolment, and of all general and minor officers, will be cen- tered in this department's headquarters. The force, or any of its divisions, are subject to instant call from this central authority vested in the director of the department. Major John C. Groome, Superintendent of the State Police. 21 DEPARTMENT OF RAILROADS In the creation of the Department of Railroads it was recog- nized that the railroad problem during wartime is primarily of national concern, and that State activity should be merged with Federal effort. Naturally, the Department has formu- lated plans and has proceeded with its work as an integral unit of the greater national system of railroads whose activities, in co-operation with the Council of National Defense, have been under general observation, and are recognized as having been effective and practical from the moment of entry of the United States into the war. It may not be inappropriate to state that the Director of the Department is one of the five railroad presidents into whose control has been submitted the management, for war purposes, of the entire railroad mileage of the country. Under sanction of this committee of railroad chiefs reports have, from time to time, been issued which cover the workings of the system, so far as they may be made the subject of publicity. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC RAILWAYS AND MOTORS The importance of electric railways as war auxiliaries of the steam roads is obvious, hence the organization of a separate Department to co-ordinate the operations of the State-wide electric systems, and to arrange for service contact between the steam and electric roads in case of necessity. The possibilities of electric motor transportation are of wide range, particularly the capacity of the electric roads to take care of traffic essential only to the business of the State, leaving the railroads free to assume a greater share of Gov- ernment transportation. Up to the present the transportation problem has not been sufficiently acute to call for any unusual activity on the part of the electric systems. But the existence of a Department especially created to cope with emergencies of this origin in- sures the efficient handling of traffic problems which may be solved through electric railway co-operation. DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS AND WATERWAYS The Department of Highways and Waterways was created to inquire into the availability of rivers, canals and highways of Pennsylvania as transportation resources ; to give considera- tion to their utilization and to the solution of problems arising therefrom ; and, in particular, to give careful study to the con- dition of the roads throughout the State. 22 In this latter connection the Department has found oppor- tunities for rendering service of immediate benefit to several districts as well as being of general benefit in the State-wide plan of improved transportation facilities. Partly as the result of this Department's efiforts the State Highway Commissioner undertook to repair the road from Johnstown to the Lincoln Highway, a distance of eighteen miles. Similarly the development of highv/ays between Johns- town and Mundy's Corners, known as Route No. 52, was com- menced. Other activities of the Department include considera- tion of legislation for general road improvement, especially improvement of the highways radiating out of Philadelphia. Improvement of the Lincoln Highway between Chambersburg and Gettysburg also has been given attention. The Department aims to co-operate with the official State service in promoting roadway improvements. It has an or- ganization that establishes direct contact with the require- ments of the various sections of the State, and it is prepared to act in advisory or supervisory capacities where improve- ments are planned or undertaken. The facilities for transportation afforded by the State waterways are extensive and varied and their co-ordination with rail facilities is a subject which requires much detailed study. It is part of the Department's program to deal with the working out of this and similar problems. A survey of the waterways has been suggested for the purpose of furnishing a comprehensive report upon physical features, capacity of movement, possible methods of providing connections to link-up a useful network of water routes and other essential data; but the Department feels that duplica- tion of effort will be prevented by entrusting such survey work to the Committee on Inland Water Transportation appointed by the Council of National Defense. That Committee, com- posed of engineers and leaders in finance and commerce, is adequately equipped and directed to proceed with surveys of this character. It will, however, be the Department's aim to co-operate in all possible ways with that and similar committees or or- ganizations. 23 Finance Publicity to 3 Railroads Electric Railways and Motors }> '^ Highways and Waterways > 5-5 3 ^• Legislation w 3 ^ 3 n m ti >«1 o_ R o G H M < n 3? n o § Allied Bodies *• Sanitation, Medicine and Red Cross oi Civic Relief oi Food Supply M Materials oo Plants CO Motors and Motor Trucks o Civilian Service and Labor X^ Military Service tt (^ -• n 2. Naval Service oo ff ^ Guards, Police and Inspection v> o 3 3 U) < H H m o o c fC H M M Z n o O i^ S 2 o r > H > ^ o as 11 C r t-H o 24 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 020 933 468 9