pi'^ii?is-ii^ i?!-;'!^--r yim mms^ '^^k:0^::^lC: ,'Ti^'\^ '^ '' \. ' LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. ©i^sjt. ...... @0p?rig^ fu Shelf..ZD-2^- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PROLEGOMENA TO IN MEMORIAM 7' THOMAS DAVIDSON WITH AN INDEX TO THE POEM S 'io era sol di me quel che creasti Novellamente, Amor che '1 ciel governi, Tu '1 sai, che col tuo lume mi levasti. Dante k^ O^ ^^^^^^3 ^^^^^^^^g i ^^^^^1^^^^^ 1 i&iftt®g#i .^^ ^YOFCO/V^ BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY c^ iv Preface. haps give my essay a pedantic air. If so, my excuse is this : I wished to show that lit Memoriam hes in the chief current of the world's thought, since otherwise it would not be a world-poem. For, as George Buchanan says, " Sola doctorum monumenta vatum Nesciunt Fati imperium severi ; Sola contemnunt Phlegethonta et Orci Jura superbi." Tennyson is indeed " the heir of all the ages." The roots of his thought have struck down deep into the universal thought, into the Logos. The Index is mainly a copy of one pub- lished in 1862 by Moxon & Co., of London. I have merely corrected a few errors, shortened many of the quotations, and adapted the whole to the later editions of the poem. In these there is an additional ode, No. XXXIX. Persons using the Index along with the earlier editions must add one to the number of every ode after the thirty-eighth. Thomas Davidson. New York, February ij, i88g. CONTENTS. Page Introduction. (Prologue.) i The Decay and Restoration of Faith. The Nature of Faith and its Relation to Understanding. Chapter I. (i-viii.) 27 The poet justifies his grief, describes its effects, ex- plains why he writes of it, refuses cheap consolation, and seeks only to embalm the past. Chapter II. (ix-xxi.) 30 The circumstances of the friend's death, the return of the body to England, and its burial. Chapter III. (xxii-xxvii.) 33 The friendship for the dead. Its reality and blessed- ness. Not to be quenched by time or sorrow. Chapter IV. (xxviii-xxxvii.) 35 Turning from the past to the future. The immortality of the soul. The hope coming from revelation con- firmed by reason. Reason and Revelation. Chapter V. (xxxviii-xlviii.) 41 The simple conviction of immortality does not satisfy the heart, which desires to realize immortal life and communicate with the departed. Metempsychosis. Chapter VI. (xlix-lviii.) 49 More problems. The problem of Evil and Death. The conflict of Nature and Faith. Chapter VII. (lix-lxxi.) 58 Acceptance of Sorrow, as a chastener. Hope. Play of the fancy. Visions of sleep and waking. Chapter VIII. (Ixxii-lxxvii.) . ' . . . -63 What his friend might have been. Vanity of fame and of monuments. vi Contents, Chapter IX. (Ixxviii-lxxxiii.) 67 Sorrow woven into life. The example of the friend followed. The moral world reconstructed. Chapter X. (Ixxxiv-lxxxix.) 71 The " low beginnings of content," resulting in (i) ac- ceptance of loss, (2) new attachments, (3) power to dwell with pleasure in the past. Chapter XI. (xc-xcvi.) 78 Desire still to see the friend in any form. Difficulties. Trance. Ecstatic union with the glorified spirit. Vision of truth. Doubt. Chapter XII. (xcvii-ciii.) 91 The presence of the lost one, as a universal spirit, begins to be felt, though only at times. The old sore still easily opened. A happy, significant dream. Chapter XIII. (civ-cxiv.) 96 Though our life at present is full of disappointment and sorrow, the poet will embrace it, and let sorrow make him wise. The wisdom buried with his friend. Knowledge and Wisdom. Chapter XIV. (cxv-cxxiv.) 104 The return of spring reawakens hope, which soon ~ ripens into faith and confidence. Chapter XV. (cxxv-cxxxi.) 112 Faith, Hope, and Love all intact. The greatest is Love, without which Faith would be weak. Chapter XVI. (Epilogue.) 120 The New Life, full of joy and assurance. The Divine Process. Conclusion. Index to In Memoriam 125 PROLEGOMENA TO IN MEMORIAM. INTRODUCTION. Prologue. The Decay and Restoration of Faith. The Nature of Faith and its Relation to Under- standing. Out of original character, instruction, and experience every human being builds up his own moral world, an ideal order of things which imparts to his actions whatever ration- ality and aim they may possess. Upon the world thus created everything in his life de- pends, his optimism or pessimism, his happi- ness or misery. If his world is rational, in- spiring faith and courage, by offering motives for continuous, enthusiastic activity, his life, whatever may befall, is a blessed unity. If, on the contrary, his world fails to disclose any purpose, any reason why one course of action should be preferred to another, anything worthy of supreme love and devotion, life is fragment- ary, feeble, and, when temperament fails, miser- able. Success in life, in the deepest sense, de- pends upon his power to build up and sustain an aimful and consistent moral world. 2 Introduction. Unfortunately, such a world, even after it has been built up, may be destroyed, and no greater disaster can happen to any man,-^ In such an event, the will is paralyzed, and life loses meaning and direction." And, since a man's moral world is the response to his whole moral nature, including three elements, insight, love, and energy, the catastrophe may come through the failure of any one of these, that is, through doubt, widowed or blasted affection, or unavailing activity. The world of a Faust is shattered by the first, that of a Tennyson by the second, that of a Charles Albert by the third. A shattered moral world means a world with- out rationality or aim. Now the postulates of the reason, as Kant has shown, are God, Free- dom, Immortality. Let a man doubt whether there be any moral law in the world, whether he be free to obey such law, or whether obedi- ence to that law will result in good, and dis- obedience in evil, to him, and his moral world is wrecked. Life, offering no motive for moral action, is not worth living. In Memoriam is the record of the shattering and rebuilding of a moral world in a man's ^ Admirably brought out in Frances Browne's Losses. 2 As Tennyson puts it {l7t Me?n., iv. i), " My will is bondsman to the dark ; I sit within a helmless bark." Introduction. 3 soul. It belongs to the same class of works as the Divine Coiriedy and Faust ; only, whereas the first of these, despite its title, is epic, and the second dramatic, this is lyric. The hero of In Memoriam, like the hero of the Divine Comedy, is the poet himself. Both poems are idealized records of actual experiences. In both the person beloved dies young, leaving the lover for a time utterly desolate. In both cases this desolation, instead of overwhelming the lover, finally quickens his spiritual percep- tions, so that he is enabled to find in the spiritual world what he has lost in the material one, to recover in incorruption what he has lost in corruption. In both cases, a pure, rev- erent human love leads the soul of the lover up to God. Tennyson's Arthur does for the deeply religious and cultivated man of the nineteenth century what Dante's Beatrice did for the similarly endowed man of the four- teenth. Dante finds again his lost Beatrice in the imaginary paradise of his time ; Tenny- son finds his Arthur " mix'd with God and Na- ture." In both poems, the Divine Comedy and In Memoj'iam, the fundamental thought is the same : Man's true happiness consists in the perfect conformity of his will to the divine will, and this conformity is attained through love, first of man, and then of God. " Our wills are ours to make them thine " is the modern 4 Introduction. rendering of "E la sua voluntade e nostra pace."^ In Memoriam naturally suggests the Platonic Sonnets of Shakespeare (I.-CXXVI.) ; but there is really no more than a most superficial resemblance between the two works, due to the fact that both are addressed by one man to another. In Shakespeare's Sonnets there is no rising from flesh to spirit, only a series of love- vicissitudes. The truth is. In Me??io?'ia?n bears about the same relation to Shakespeare's Son- nets as the Divine Comedy does to Petrarch's. In In Memoriam the poet's moral world is shattered by widowed affection, by the loss of a beloved friend, in whom he had found that brother, that more-than-brother,^ through whose lovableness he was able to comprehend the divine lovableness,^ in a word, to see God.'* 1 Paradise, iii. 85. Compare the last lines of the poem. '^ "More than my brothers are to me," ix. 5; Ixxix. i. ^ He that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, cannot love God whom he hath not seen. — i John iv. 21. * " The expression of an eye, Where God and Nature met in light." (cxi. 5.) " Though mix'd with God and Nature thou, I seem to love thee more and more." (cxxx. 3.) Cf. what Dante says of Beatrice {Vita Nuova, cap. xxvi.). " Ella sen va, sentendosi laudare, Benignamente d' umilta vestuta ; Introduction. 5 This loss and the ensuing grief and darkness of soul raised in the poet's mind doubts with regard to the righteousness or moral govern- ment of the world, and robbed life of its mean- ing. The poem describes in detail the nature of these doubts, and the process by which they were ultimately dispelled, and faith in God, Freedom, and Immortality was restored. The philosophic meaning of the poem is summed up in the prologue, written in 1849. This takes the form of an address or prayer to " immortal Love," the " strong Son of God," the author of all things in heaven and in earth, of life and of death, the source of that justice which makes life rational. Tennyson, like Dante,^ holds that the efficient cause of the universe is love, and that life without love is worse than death. '^ Nor is the divine love E par che sia una cosa venuta Di cielo in terra a miracol mostrare," and what Emerson says to his friend in " Friendship " : "Through thee alone the sky is arched, Through thee the rose i=i red. All things through thee take nobler form, And look beyond the earth ', The mill-round of our fate appears A sun-path in thy worth." 1 " L'amor che muove il sole e I'altre stelle." Farad. , last line. 2 See xxvi. 3, 4. Compare Aristotle's words: " With- out friends no one would choose to live, though he pos- sessed all other good things." Nik. Et/i., viii. i : 1155^, 6 Introduction. which made and sustains the universe differ- ent in kind from human love. " Thou seemest human and divine, The highest, holiest, manhood, thou." We may, therefore, trust the divine love for all that we should expect from the highest human love, and more. The universe will satisfy the three postulates of the reason. (i.) It will be governed by a moral law far more perfect than any that can be expressed in human systems. " Our httle systems have their day ; They have their day and cease to be : They are but broken lights of thee. And thou, O Lord, art more than they." ^ 5 sq. Also Fichte's : " Life is love ; and the whole form and force of life consist in love, and arise out of love." Way to a Blessed Life, Lect. i. This doctrine may be said to be fundamental in Aryan thought. The Veda tells us, speaking of creation : — " Then first came Love upon it, the new spring Of mind — yea, poets in their hearts discerned, Pondering, this bond between created things And uncreated." Hesiod makes Love ("E/jws) the child of Chaos and the brother of Earth (Theog., 120) ; and Parmenides, speak- ing of Genesis, says : — " Foremost of gods she gave birth unto Love ; yea, foremost of all gods." See Plato, Sympos.,\']Z B. And who does not remember the glorious address to Venus, as the author of all life, in the exordium of Lucretius' poem } 1 Compare the words uttered by Herakleitos, five Introduction. y (2.) It will leave the human will free, even though reason may be unable to see how ; but that freedom will be secured only by conform- ity to the divine will. " Our wills are ours, we know not how ; Our wills are ours, to make them thine." 1 (3.) It will make possible a conscious im- mortality for the individual. Our sense of justice demands this. "Thou wilt not leave us in the dust: Thou madest man, he knows not why ; He thinks he was not made to die ; And thou hast made him : thou art just." But all these things, the poet admits, are only postulates of reason, matters of faith, not objects of understanding or knowledge. " We have but faith : we cannot know; For knowledge is of things we see ; And yet we trust it comes from thee, A beam in darkness : let it grow." This verse contains the whole gist of the hundred years before our era: "All human laws are fed by one, the divine. For it prevaileth as far as it listeth, and sufficeth for all, and surviveth all." (Frag., xci. edit. By water.) * Cf. " Anzi e formale ad esto beato esse Tenersi dentro alia divina voglia. Perch' una fansi nostre voglie stesse. E la sua voluntade e nostra pace." Divina Cammed., Parad., iii. 7^ sqq. 8 Introduction. poem, which might very well have for its sec- ond title, "The Decay and Revival of Faith." Since, then, faith is the source of all those convictions which give life its meaning, we must here stop and carefully inquire : What is faith? How does it stand related to know- ledge ? What are its credentials ? These are all one question under different aspects. Faith (TTiVrt?), as a philosophic term, seems to have been first employed by Parmenides. It occurs in his extant fragments twice, and each time means direct intellectual intuition of necessary truth, as opposed to mere con- tingent opinion, arrived at through the medium of sensuous experience or moral persuasion. The passages are these : — (i) " Thou needs must investigate all things, First the errorless core of the truth that lightly persuad- eth, Then the oj^inions of mortals, where no Xme faith doth inhabit " (2) " Ne'er will the potence of faith admit that from being proceedeth Aught but itself." Faith, then, according to Parmenides, instead of being something inferior to empirical know- ledge, which "is of things w^e see," is superior to it, being the very "errorless core of the truth," the necessary assent given by the mind to what is self-evident. By the time of Aris- totle faith has lost this lofty position, as the Litrodiiction. ' g source of certainty, and come to mean the as- sent which the mind, not by necessity of evi- dence, but by the balancing of probabihties, accords to the conclusions of experience. "Faith follows opinion,"^ says that philoso- pher. From this time on, in Greek thought, the term wavers between these two meanings, intuition and belief. Proklos, the last of the great Greek thinkers, holds faith to be the highest of the three ways leading to God, the other two being love and truth. It is due to direct divine illumination. Some Christian sects held the same doctrine ; but, in the Christian world, faith had early many different meanings. F. C. Baur enumerates six senses in which it is used by St. Paul.^ In the Epis- tle to the Hebrews we read, " Faith is the sub- stance of the things hoped for, the test of the things that are not seen." In modern philo- sophical language this would read : Faith is the immediate intuition of the ideal, as distinct from the real, world. St. Augustine defines faith as " thinking with assent," ^ and Thomas Aquinas, agreeing with this, says : " The act which is believing includes a firm adherence ^ Ao'l?? eTrerai irlaris, De An., iii. 3 : 428^? 20 2 Vorlesungen iiber neiitestamentliche Theologic, p. 1 54. ^ Credere est cum assensione cogitate. De PrcBdes- tinatione Sanctorum, chap, ii., on which see Thomas Aquinas, Sum. Theolog., W!^, q. ij. art. i. lO Introduction. to one side (of a question), and in so far the believer coincides with the knower and under- stander ; and yet his knowledge is not perfect through clear vision, and in so far he agrees with the doubter, the suspecter, and the opiner. And thus it is characteristic of the believer that he thinks with assent. For this reason, this act of belief is distinguished from all other acts of the intellect that relate to the true and the false." ..." The intellect of the believer is determined to one alternative, not by reason, but by will." Among modern theo- logians no one has dealt so explicitly with faith as Rosmini, who gives the following as the order of the acts of the soul which pre- cede, constitute, and follow the act of faith. "(i.) Revealed knowledge of God, through hearing (external action). " (2.) Perception of God, or effectual light is- suing from that revealed knowledge, especially from that part of it which is mysterious (action performed in the essence of the soul). "(3.) A consequent feeling, a sweet and sub- lime delight, issuing from that perception, and persuading us of the truth of the things per- ceived. " (4.) Power to believe and act holily, the effect of this feeling. "(5.) Voluntary act of belief, a practical judgment on the truth and excellence of the Litrodnction. 1 1 things known and perceived, an act of estima- tion, the recognition of God as light, truth, and infinite authority. This act, if a man does not recalcitrate with his evil will, is followed by love and holy, meritorious acts of living faith. " (6.) Love, which follows this act of prac- tical estimation. " (7.) Holy action, following from love." ^ M. Renan, speaking of the question of indi- vidual immortality, says : " Perhaps it is well that an eternal veil should cover truths which have a value only when they are the fruit of a pure heart." ^ The implication here is that it is purity of heart that gives eyes to faith. " Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God." Such are a few of the attempts made by great and profoundly religious men, from the rise of philosophy to the present day, to give a meanino: to the word ' faith.' Though show- ing wide differences in results, they agree in two things : (i) That faith is a faculty of the soul which enables it to grasp truths inacces- sible to understanding and knowledge, the very truths which are required to give life its meaning and consecration ; (2) that its efficacy depends upon a condition of the heart and will, upon a pure heart and a good will. 1 Antr apologia Soprannaturale, pp. 94 sq. 2 Introduction to the Book of Job. 12 hitrodiiction. It is these two essential elements that enter into Tennyson's conception of faith. Faith gives us " truths that never can be proved Until we close with all we loved, And all we flow from, soul in soul." ^ It "comes of self control ; "^ it has its source in reverence ; ^ it is the protest of the heart against the " freezing reason's colder part." It is wisdom, as distinct from, and superior to, knowledge. That the poet identifies faith with wisdom is clear from a comparison of the fol- lowing passages : *' Let knowledge grow from more to more, But more of reverence in us dwell; That mind and sold, according well, May make one music as before, *' But vaster." " For she (knowledge) is earthly of the mind, But Wisdom heavenly of the Jtw/." Here Wisdom is written with a capital, to show that it means the personified wisdom of the Alexandrine Jews, which was another name for the Logos, or Word, spoken of in the opening verses of St. John's Gospel, and identified with Christ.'* But, though faith or wisdom deals 1 cxxxi. 3; Cf. Prol., r, 6; Iv. 5; cxxiv. 6; cxxvii. i. 2 cxxxi. 3. ^ Prol., 7 ; cxiv. 6. * See Proverbs^xix. 19; viii., ix., and the whole Book Introduction. 1 3 with higher things than knowledge does, it is inferior to knowledge in power to produce cer- tainty. The reason of this is that its objects are formless, and the human mind has diffi- culty in thinking anything of this sort. " We walk by faith, not by form," ^ says St. Paul. But, as Aristotle remarks, ''The soul never thinks without a phantasm." ^ Hence, we are compelled, in order to grasp the things of faith, to have them presented to us in the form of a parable, allegory, myth, or tale. As Dante so well says {Farad. ^ iv. 40) : " Thus it behoves your minds to be addressed, Because alone from things of sense they seize, What then they render fit for intellect. And so it is that Scripture condescends To your ability ; and hands and feet Ascribes to God, and meaneth something else." Tennyson often insists upon the necessity of a form for faith, for example : " O thou that after toil and storm Mayst seem to have reach 'd a purer air, V^ho?>Q. faith has centre everywhere, Nor cares to fix itself Xoform^ of Wisdom, perhaps written by Philo the Jew, whose works contain much regarding Wisdom and the Logos. Cf. I Corinth, i. 30. 1 2 Corinth, v. 7. Such is the correct translation of this passage. Cf. The figure of this world passeth away, i Corinth, vii. 31. 2 De Anima, iii. 7 : 43irz 16 sq. 1 4 Introduction. *' Leave thou thy sister when she prays. " W^\ faith thro' form is pure as thine." ^ " And all is well, though yi?//// 3.nd form Be sundered in the night of fear."^ " Though trtiths in manhood darkly join Deep-seated in our mystic frame, We yield all blessing to the name Of Him that made them ctirreiit coin. " For Wisdom dealt with mortal powers Where truth in closest words shall fail, When triith embodied in a tale Shall enter in at lowly doors." ^ This last quotation helps us to understand the relation of faith to knowledge, and to find the credentials for the former. The truths of faith are contained in our very frame or con- stitution, which is mystical, that is, opens out into the Infinite, into God. Every soul can truly say, "I and the Father are one." Tenny- son often dwells upon this mystic union of the finite with the Infinite. Speaking of the origin, of the individual soul, he says : " A soul shall draw from out the vast And strike his being into bounds, " And, moved thro' life of lower phase, Result in man, be born and think."* 1 xxxiii. 1,3. '^ cxxvii. i. 8 xxxvi. I, 2. * Epilogue, 31. Introduction. 1 5 Of the birth of the individual 'consciousness, he says : " But as he grows he gathers much And learns the use of ' I ' and ' me,' And finds ' I am not what I see, And other than the things I touch.' " So rounds he to a separate mmd From whence clear memory may begin, As thro' the frame that binds him in His isolation grows defined." Other even more distinct utterances to the same effect may be found in the poems, " Flower in the crannied wall," " De Profun- dis," and "The Higher Pantheism," in the last of which occur these verses : " Dark is the world to thee : thyself art the reason why : For is He not all but thou, that hast power to feel ' I am I ! ' " Glory about thee, without thee : and thou f ulfillest thy doom, Making Him broken gleams, and a stifled splendor and gloom. " Speak to Him thou, for He hears, and Spirit with Spirit can meet — Closer is He than breathing, and nearer than hands and feet." The gist of all this is, that the human being, in putting on individuality, in striking his being into bounds, in rounding to a separate mind capable of knowledge, readily loses the con- 1 6 Introdjiction. sciousness of his oneness with the Infinite,^ which consciousness is faith, the condition of all knowledge, as Parmenides saw. St. Bona- ventura has put this admirably : " Strange is the blindness of the intellect which does not consider that which it first sees, and without which it can know nothing. But, as the eye, when intent upon the variety of colors, does not see the light through which it sees other things, or, if it sees, does not observe it, so the eye of our mind, when intent upon these particular and universal entities, does not observe that being which is above all genus, although it is first presented to the mind, and all other things are presented only through it. \Mience it is most truly manifest that, as the eye of the bat behaves to the light, so the eye of our mind behaves to the most obvious things of nature.^ The reason is, that, 1 Compare Wordsworth, "Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting" {Ode to Immortality), and Mrs. Browning's lines near the beginning of Aii7'ora Leigh : " I have not so far left the coasts of life To travel inland, that I cannot hear The murmur of the outer Infinite, Which unweaned babies smile at in their sleep, When wondered at for smiling." 2 This sentence is almost a literal translation from Aristotle, who is not usually regarded as mystical : "{Icrirep yap rk rwv vvKrepiScau ofxfxara irphs rh (peyyos exei rh yii€0' rificpav, ovtus koX ttjs rnuLerepas ^v^fiS 6 vovs irphs rh. rrj (piKxei (pavepctiTara Travrwv (the things most obvious in their nature). Hie tap /i., A^, i : 993^ 9 sqcj. ( Intro diLction. 1 7 being accustomed to the darkness of (indi- vidual) objects, and the phantasms of sensible things, when it sees the light of the highest being, it seems to see nothing (not understand- ing that this very darkness is the highest illu- mination of our minds) ; just as when the eye sees pure light, it seems to see nothing."^ But, while our " isolation " through the flesh obscures for us our oneness with the Infinite, it serves to define our individual personality : " This use may lie in blood and breath, Which else were fruitless of their due, Had man to learn himself anew Beyond the second birth of Death." - And even when the flesh falls away, and we " close with all we loved And all we flow from, soul in soul," ^ this individuality will continue : *' Eternal form shall still divide The eternal soul from all beside." ^ From all this it is clear that, while know- ledge is the consciousness of our distinctness from the Infinite, and the relation of our spirits, as distinct, to it, faith is the conscious- ness of our oneness with the Infinite. It is in this double consciousness that the essence of religion and man's true blessedness consist. 1 Itmera7-inm Mentis in Deum, chap. v. 2 xlv. 4. 3 cxxxi. 3. 4 xlvii. 2. 1 8 Introduction. The human spirit shrinks from the thought of losing either side of it, of losing knowledge of self and not-self, and sinking into a Buddhistic nirvana^ or of losing faith, and finding itself an unsustained, hopeless wanderer in an alien universe. And all causes for such shrinking arise from the difficulty of finding symbols or forms in which to express and justify the con- tent of faith to knowledge, in which alone there is perfect clearness for the ordinary man. All religions have been merely so many at- tempts to find such symbols ^ or forms, and their success has depended upon the fitness of these. The fit symbol is that which finds a re- sponse, an "assent," as Augustine and Thomas Aquinas call it, in the faculty of faith, which Tennyson, following an old usage, calls the soul,^ or heart,^ as distinct from mind,^ or rea- son,® — the faculty of knowledge. Now, the question with regard to the credentials of faith resolves itself into an inquiry into the nature and validity of this response or assent, and this, again, leads us to consider the nature of assent in general. 1 Symbol is the Greek word for creed, as well as for the signs in the sacraments. 2 " That mind and soiil, according well, May make one music as before." (Prol., 7.) ' " A warmth within the breast would melt The freezing reason s colder part, And, like a man in wrath, the heart Stood up and answered, ' I have felt.' " (cxxiv. 4.) ( Introdiictum. 19 What, then, is assent ? As no one has dealt with this question so fully as Rosmini, we may answer in his words : " Assent is the act by which a man voluntarily affirms with subjective efficacy any object which is present to his in- telligence," such object being always a pos- sible or ideal judgment. To understand a proposition and to assent to it are two widely different things. The mere fact that I under- stand the proposition, *' The soul is immortal," does not compel me to give my assent to it. What, then, is it in a proposition that compels assent ? The feeling or consciousness that, if we withheld assent, we should be doing vio- lence to our own nature. I cannot, for ex- ample, refuse my assent to the proposition, " Not more than one straight line can be drawn through a given point, parallel to an- other straight line," or to this, "Nothing can act before it is," without doing violence to my rational powers, and destroying the very pos- sibility of truth. And I have much the same feeling when I refuse assent to the proposi- tions, " My will is free," " My soul is immor- tal," " My actions have inevitable and eternal consequences to me." I feel that, if these are not true, there is no meaning in anything ; my existence and all existence is irrational, mere vanity of vanities. It is true that Kant has tried to show that the assent which we give to 20 Introduction, propositions in mathematics and philosophy of nature has grounds such as are altogether wanting to the assent which we may accord to metaphysical propositions. He says that in the first case we are aided by time and space, the forms of sense, and in the second by the categories of the understanding,^ whereas, when we come to the last, we find in the "pure reason " no form or forms enabling us to have experience of its objects, and so can only as- sume them as postulates, without ever being able to say whether in reality anything corre- sponds to them. But is Kant right in this ? Is it true that the pure reason has no forms making experience of its objects possible ? Was not Parmenides, the ancient Kant, right, when he said, in his poetical way, that Justice (AtKTy) was the teacher of the highest truth ? ^ And are not the oft-repeated words of the Bible true : " The just shall live by faith " ? ^ Is not justice the form of the 'pure reason,' of that higher consciousness which we call faith .? Is it not true that just as all sensuous apprehen- sion is conditioned by space and time, and all 1 These Schopenhauer has very correctly reduced to the one category of Cause or Causation. 2 There are few thmgs in literature finer than his ac- count of how he was led to Truth by Justice. See my translation of his Fragments, yotcrmil of Speadative Philosophy, vol. iv. pp. l-i6. 3 Habb. ii. 4; Rom. i. 17 ; Gal. iii. 11 ; Heb. x. 38, etc. Introduction. 2 1 understanding by cause, so all 'pure reason,' or faith {jlo-tis), is conditioned by justice or righteousness, taken in its broadest sense ? And was not Kant forced virtually to admit this, when he came to treat of ethics ? Is not his ' categorical imperative : ' ' Act so that the maxim of thy will may be accepted as the prin- ciple of universal legislation,' — a mere awk- ward way of saying, " Justice is the law of the universe " ? And, in spite of this awkwardness, does not Kant find that his maxim involves three moral postulates — Freedom, Immortal- ity, God ? The fact is that Kant, failing to see that justice is the form of the pure reason, which is essentially moral, left the form of mo- rality a mere blind imperative, and invented a spurious faculty, the practical reason, to deal with it. As a consequence, he was compelled to leave the facts which justice interprets to consciousness mere postulates. Let us once realize that justice is the form of reason, and these facts will present themselves as real. We shall then find the law of justice as neces- sary and universal as the law of cause ; and God will be no longer a postulate, but the supreme reality. This reality is moral in its nature, and can be reached only through the moral faculty, which is the pure reason,^ or 1 On the error of assuming a practical reason, see Rosmini, Introduction to Principles of Moral Science. ■ 22 Introduction. faith, in its original sense. This being true, all propositions explicating the form of faith ought to command our assent as readily as those exphcating the forms of sense and un- derstanding. For example, the proposition, "The human will is free," should command it as certainly as, " Not more than one straight line can be drawn through a given point par- allel to another straight hne," or, "Nothing can act before it is." But it will be said. We cannot help assent- ing to the last two : nobody ever doubted them ; whereas we are by no means forced to assent to the first. The most obvious reply to this is, that the last two propositions have both been frequently not only doubted, but denied. Many modern geometers have denied the first : ^ Spinoza and Fichte denied the second.^ But, after all, it is true that the propositions of pure reason are doubted and denied much more frequently than those of sense and understanding ; that they do not so readily command assent as these. There must be some reason for this. Let us consider it. When we observe that the propositions de- 1 See Stallo's Concepts and Theories of Modern Phys- ics, pp. 207 sqq. ; chap. xiii. 2 Spinoza's Causa sui, which plays so prominent a part in his system, involves this denial, and Fichte's assertion that " the Ego originally absolutely posits its own being " openly expresses it. Introduction. 23 pending upon the forms of sense are less fre- quently denied than those depending upon the form of the understanding, and this because the former are more easy to grasp completely than the latter, we ought to expect that the latter would be less frequently denied than those depending upon the form of faith. But there is another and deeper reason for the latter fact. The faculty of faith is much more easily deranged and impaired in its activity than that of understanding, and requires more careful training. It is dependent upon the life which a man leads, and acts normally only in the man whose life is free from stain. " If any one do His will, he will know of the doctrine, whether it be of God." The assent which the soul gives to the propositions of faith is a moral assent, accorded by the moral faculty, which cannot judge correctly, unless it has built up for itself a moral world, by right- eous action. Each human being has his own world, built up through his own faculties. His sensuous world is built up through sense and its forms; his intelligible world through un- derstanding and its form ; his moral world through faith and its form — justice. If a man has built up no moral world for himself by just action, how can he discover the prin- ciple of that world, the absolute Justice, or God, or how can he find a fit symbol for the 24 Introduction. same in either understanding or sense ? There is no knowledge without experience. There is a third reason why the assent of the mind is given with some hesitancy to the objects of faith, and this is, because for ages this assent has been demanded, and under wrong influences given, to many propositions that are not based upon justice at all, but upon mere fancy and credulity. In rejecting these propositions, the reason has also re- jected those that are founded on justice. As in every case, by forcing a faculty to do some- thing unnatural, we have unfitted it for per- forming its proper function. In attempting to believe myths, we have ceased to be able to believe the truth. But, as Lowell says, "the soul is still oracular," and when its deeds are pure, it will find fitting symbols for the Infinite Justice. The result of all these drawbacks is, that the moral assent, which, conditioned by jus- tice, affirms God, Freedom, and Immortality, is given feebly and falteringly, and, in hours of spiritual darkness, withheld altogether. Hence Tennyson calls upon his friend to be near him when his " light is low," and when his " faith is dry," and, at the very last, he speaks of the objects of faith as " truths that never can be proved," until men return to the bosom of God. This only means that the poet, not re- Introduction. 25 garding the response of the moral nature, whose form is justice, as final and sufficient, looks for a response from the understanding, to which the things of reason can appear only in the form of symbols, or, as Henry George so admirably puts it, " a shadowy gleam of ultimate relations, the endeavor to express which inevitably falls into type and allegory." But such a response can never be given, in this world or any other; for the response of the soul to the Infinite Justice is not com- manded by knowledge, but by blessedness. Dante knows that he has seen God only be- cause, in saying so, he feels that he is filled with larger bliss. -^ We are mistaken when we think that understanding is the highest faculty of the soul, or certifies to the deepest realities. Above it is that faculty which the understand- ing cannot even define, but which it compares to the confidence reposed in a true and tried friend and calls faith, and which is the human reflex of the Divine Wisdom, man's conscious- ness of the Infinite and his oneness therewith. 1 " La forma universal di questo nodo Credo ch' io vidi, perche piu di largo, Dicendo questo, mi sento ch' io godo." Farad.., xxxiii. 91 sqq. CHAPTER I. (i-viii.) The poet justifies his grief, describes its effects, explains why he writes of if, refuses cheap consolation, and seeks only to embalm the past. The earliest expression which Tennyson gave to his grief for the loss of his friend is the exquisite lyric, " Break, break, break," in which he makes us feel that his soul is utterly out of harmony with the world, that its light is gone, that only darkness and despair are left. In Memoria7n opens in a somewhat less de- spairing tone. Numb, voiceless grief has given place to sorrow mingled with reflection. The poet finds it necessary even to justify his grief to himself. He might, by treading down his past self, that moral world whose light was his friend, rise to higher things. He formerly believed such a course possible ; but now he cannot realize it. The world of his past is the only one wherein his soul is at home. Better a world with love clasping grief than a world without love. The constancy of our love is the measure of our worth. 28 In Memoriam. But sorrow is deadening. In clinging to his dead past, he feels like the yew tree that grasps at tombstones, "whose fibres knit the dreamless head " below. A " thousand years of gloom " have settled on him, and in that gloom, Sorrow whispers des- olating doubts, suggesting that the whole universe may be a mere mock- ery, "signifying nothing." Such doubts para- lyze the will, and send all the powers to sleep. The poet sits "within a helmless bark" ; his life has lost direction. His very heart beats sluggishly for want of de- sire or motive, and he scarcely has courage to ask why, or warmth to melt the tears that have frozen at their springs. Only at morning the will shows a little strength, and struggles not to be " the fool of loss." He then seeks to relieve his torpor by putting his grief in words ; but this seems almost a sin, all words are so superficial and inadequate. Still, since the " sad mechanic exercise " of writing verses acts like a narcotic, " numbing pain," he will go on writing, in order to shield himself from cold despair. This method of numbing pain is, indeed, his only refuge ; ac- ceptance is out of the question. Friends try to console him by remindino^ him VI . that "loss is common to the race"; but such comfort is mere chaff. The common- Hopeless Grief. 29 ness of loss does not make it less bitter in any one case. The pathos, the awfulness, the surprise of death remain forever the same. Nothing can fill the blank made by the loss of the beloved friend. So the poet turns back to the now darkened world of the past, VII visits the scenes where he and his friend have been happy together, and finds a little comfort in continuing the art of poetry which they had cultivated in common, and in consecrating it to the memory of the departed. Its chief worth now is that it pleased him, and serves to embalm his memory. CHAPTER II. (ix-xxi.) The circumstances of the friend's death, the re- turn of the body to Engla7id, and its burial. After the alleviation derived from writing verses to the memory of his friend, the next thing that comforts the poet is the return of the friend's body to England and its burial in English soil. He prays for every blessing upon the ship that bears his " lost Arthur's loved remains." In imagina- tion he follows it day and night on its voyage, like a guardian angel, lest anything should befall it, and the remains be lost. Under the influence of the XI soothing autumn weather, he feels a certain calm ; but it is only the calm of despair,^ and even that does not last. Impa- XII tience drives him to meet the ship, which brings but death instead of life, cause for tears instead of for joy. So strange is it 1 Compare the lines of Burns : " Come, Autumn, sae pensive in yellow and grey, And soothe me wi' tidings o' nature's decay; The dark, dreary wmter an' wild drivin' sna' Alane can delight me — my Nannie 's awa." Dust to Dust. 3 1 that the body should return without the in- forming spirit, that he seems to " suf- fer in a dream," so that his "eyes have leisure for their tears," and his fancy for play. But, if the ship should bring the living instead of the dead friend, he would not be surprised, so little has he yet realized the thought of his death. The approach of tempestu- ous winter changes the " calm despair " of the poet's soul into a "wild unrest," which would be overwhelming, were it not for the fancy that the ship bearing his friend's body is peacefully sailing " athwart a plane of molten glass." Such chansie from ^ , , ^ XVI. one extreme to the other seems sur- prising, and the poet can account for it only by supposing that it is unreal, or else that sor- row has utterly unhinged him, stunned him, and made him delirious. In any case, life has become confused and purposeless. At last the ship arrives, bringing the remains in safety, and the poet once more prays for XVII. every blessing henceforth to accom- pany it for such kind service. Then the fu- neral takes place. Hallam is buried in Clevedon church, in Somersetshire; in a " still and sequestered situation, on a lone hill that overhangs the Bristol Chan- XIX nel," " and in the hearing of the 32 /;/ Mernoriam. wave." ^ This brings the mourner some sUght comfort. " 'T is well ; 't is something ; we may stand Where he in English earth is laid, And from his ashes may be made The violet of his native land." His grief now ebbs and flows, like the tides ; it is no longer a changeless flood. During the ebbs — which bear the same relation to the flows as the grief of servants to that of chil- dren in a house " where lies the mas- XX. ter newly dead " — he can speak. At other times, the words die on his lips, for grief that may not be spoken. Such grief the world does not understand, but looks upon as mere subtle vanity, as waste of energy that might be employed in some practical or scientific pursuit, which alone it can appre- ciate. The poet can only reply : *' Behold, ye speak an idle thing : Ye never knew the sacred dust : I do but sing because I must, And pipe but as the linnets sing." ^ 1 The funeral took place on 3d January, 1S34, the death on the 15th September previous. 2 Compare Goethe's lines : " Ich singe, wie der Vogel singt Der in den Zweigen wohnet ; Das Lied, das aus der Kehle dringt, 1st Lohn, der reichlich lohnet." Aleister^s L ?hrjahre, II. ii. CHAPTER III. (xxii-xxvii.) The friejidship for the dead. Its reality and blessedness. Not to be quenched by time or sorrow. Yea, the poet has good cause to mourn. His loss is incalculable. The friend- XXII. ship so rudely interrupted by death was the very light of his life for four years, years full of pure happiness and lofty endeavor. Between these and the darkened present what a contrast ! And here a question arises in the poet's mind, XXIV. whether it is not just this contrast that makes the years of friendship seem so perfect : but his consciousness an- XXV. swers promptly and affirms, " I know that this was Life " ; for it is love that gives life its value. He will, therefore, XXVI cling to that Life with its Love, what- ever sorrow may now overhang it, "whatever fickle tongues may say." Better that he should die, than that love should perish and become indifference. Better deep feeling and passion, 34 Ifi^ Memoriaui. with all the pain that may come of them, than the calm of a sluggish, indifferent XXVII. , ^^ ' heart. " I hold it true, whate'er befall ; I feel it, when I sorrow most ; 'T is better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all." ^ 1 Compare Goethe's lines, Faust, Pt. II. vv. 1659-60; " Doch im Erstarren such' ich nicht mein Heil, Das Schaudern ist der Menschheit bestes Theil." and vv. 2S47-8 : " Geheilt will ich nicht sein ! mein Sinn ist machtig I Da war ich ja wie andre niedertrachtig. " CHAPTER IV. (xxviii-xxxvii.) Turning from the past to the future. The im- mortality of the soul. The hope coming from revelation confirmed by reason. Reasoii and J^ev elation. At this point the poet begins to take some interest in the affairs of life, and to turn from the past to the future. Christmas has come, with its merry bells proclaiming " peace and goodwill to all mankind " and bringing him " sorrow touched with joy," ^ joy engendered by hope. In spite of the p:rief that . ■ XXVIII lies over the house, and in which even the skies seem to participate, the old Christ- mas formalities and pastimes are kept XXIX up. But the gladness which such things are meant to attest comes not, only " an awful sense Of one mute Shadow, watching all." Under the influence of this felt pres- XXX ence of the loved and lost, the be- 1 Compare with this the effect of the Easter bells upon Faust, in bringing him back to hope and prevent- ing suicide. Goethe's Faust, Ft. I. 36 In MeinoriaiH. reaved take each other's hands and, with tear- bedimmed eyes and echo-Uke voices, sing im- petuously a merry song they sang with him shortly before his death. But the invisible presence and the Christmas season bring a more solemn and a more hopeful feeling, un- der the inspiration of which they sing with as- surance of the immortality of the soul, the "keen seraphic flame," and encourage each other to hope. " They do not die Nor lose their mortal sympathy, Nor change to us, although they change. "Rapt from the fickle and the frail With gather'd power, yet the same, Pierces the keen seraphic flame From orb to orb, from veil to veil." The hope offered by the Christian revelation recalls the story of Lazarus, and the XXXI poet wonders why, if he was really dead and restored to life, we are not told what he had to relate of the life beyond the grave. He concludes : " He told it not ; or something seal'd The lips of that Evangelist." His sister, Mary, would have all curiosity on the subject quenched by joy, love, and reverence, feelings far higher than "curious fears," which come only to the un- happy. Covifort from Revelation. 37 " Thrice blest whose lives are faithful prayers, Whose loves in higher love endure ; What souls possess themselves so pure, Or is there blessedness like theirs ? " XXXIII. And this leads the poet to warn those who, after much battling with doubt and difficulty, have attained a purely ra- tional faith, that " has centre everywhere Nor cares to fix itself to form," not to disturb the faith-through-form of their sisters, of those simple souls, who are made happy and eager for good by their childhood's beliefs. A second conscience, in the form of an external ideal, is a valuable and often need- ful addition to "the law within," "in a world of sin." But, after all, it ought not to require any revealed, supernatural proof to con- XXXIV vince us of the soul's immortality. The very dimness and imperfection of our lives here, compared with the perfection we imagine and aspire to, ought to suffice. If those ideals and aspirations which give life its meaning are but delusions, then all is vain, the universe a mockery, justice a cruel chimera, and God a lie. Then " 'T were best at once to sink to peace. Like birds the charming serpent draws, To drop head-foremost in the jaws Of vacant darkness and to cease." 38 /;/ Memoriam. Notwithstanding this verdict of the reason, the poet is willing to consider the XXXV case so often put by those who can- not see their way to belief in immortality : Supposing by some inconceivable means we could be convinced that death ends all, would it not still be worth while, for the sake of the sweetness of love, to cling to this life ? Is not human life worth living for its own sake ? He replies in the negative, for the reason that the very sweetness and worth of love are due to the feeling that it is divine and eternal. Take away this feeling, convince men that the world is governed by brute force, not by love, and love will lose its sweetness, and die from fear of death. The case is an idle one. " If Death were seen At first as Death, Love had not been, ' Or been in narrowest working shut, " Mere fellowship of sluggish moods, Or in its coarsest Satyr-shape Had bruised the herb and crush'd the grape And bask'd and batten'd in the woods." In a word, love unglorified by the feeling of immortality would sink down into mere brute passion. Hence, unless life be immortal, it contains nothing to make it worth living. Many persons at the present day will, no doubt, question the justice of this conclusion, and agree with Goethe that "existence is a Reason attests Inujiortality. 39 duty, were it but for a moment." Indeed, it seems to be the tendency of thought at the present moment to find a satisfactory formula, that is, a moral and religious motive, for this life, without any reference whatever to a life beyond. That life without such reference could and would be, nay, has been, lived, is certain ; but whether it could long so main- tain itself on moral heights, whether, indeed, there is any satisfactory moral formula for such a life, seems to me very questionable. One thing is certain : no such formula has been found, and the evident failure of the numerous quests recently made points to the conclusion that probably none can be found. Although our human reason, when subtly questioned, is sufficient to reveal to us God, Freedom, and Immortality, " Tho' truths in manhood darkly join, Deep-seated in our mystic frame," this fact does not remove the necessity for an- other revelation, suited to those minds which are incapable of such subtle question- XXXVI ing. Hence the value of the Christian niythus^ that "truth embodied in a tale." It can " enter in at lowly doors," which would be barred against " truth in closest words." But, in speaking thus of Christianity, as a sort of " Picture- Writing to assist the weaker 40 /;/ Memoriam. faculty," ^ the poet feels that he has broached a delicate subject. The heavenly Muse of revelation (Urania) reproves him sharply, and tells him to confine himself to his XXXVII. , ^. _. own pagan sphere. His pagan Muse (Melpomene) replies meekly, confesses her un- worthiness, and pleads for indulgence on ac- count of her need for comfort. " I murmur'd as I came along, Of comfort clasp'd in truth reveal'd, And loiter'd in the master's field. And darken'd sanctities with song." 1 Carlyle, Sai'tor Resartus, Bk. II. chap. ix. CHAPTER V. (xxxviii-xlviii.) The simple conviction of immortal ify does not satisfy the heart, which desires to realize im- 7nortal life and communicate with the departed. Metenzpsychosis. Though convinced by reason, confirmed by revelation, that life is immortal, and that his friend still exists, the poet yet finds his heart unsatisfied. The want of power to realize his friend's condition, or to establish any form of communication with him, leaves therein a weary, aching, dark, paralyzing void, lighted only by the doubtful gleam coming from the songs which he loves to sing, and which, he hopes, by pleasing the departed, may hold his attention. And so the for- mer darkness, after being slightly dissipated, returns. The gloom of the old stone-grasping, skull-knitting yew, into which, through numb- ing sorrow, he had grown "incorporate," (ii.) " is kindled at the tips, And passes into gloom again." Such, at least, is the whisper of Sorrow. 42 /;/ Memoriam. But the poet is aware that she lies, and em- ploys his fancy in trying to realize the condi- tion of the spirit of his friend. He would fain think of it as a bride, that has left a loving father's house to go to a home full XL of new love and new hopes, and in some respects the comparison answers ; but alas ! the difference is too palpable. The bride will from time to time return to gladden the scenes of her maidenhood, " And bring her babe, and make her boast ; " " But thou and I have shaken hands, Till growing winters lay me low ; My paths are in the fields I know, And thine in undiscover'd lands." Feeling the failure of this attempt, the poet tries to conceive an act of will by XLI which he should be able " To leap the grades of life and light And flash at once " upon his friend. But this is folly. He can- not reach him, and at times there comes upon him a chilling, " spectral doubt " that he shall never reach him, but be "evermore a life behind," the difference in their grade of spir- itual development holding them, like gravita- tion, in different spheres. But this he recog- nizes to be a foolish fancy. Such XLII. ,.^^ , n y difference does not connne souls to different spheres, else he and his friend, who Viezvs of Immortality. 43 was so much his superior, could never have walked upon the same earth. And so he may hope to overtake his friend, and learn from him the results of his spiritual experience.^ *' And what delights can equal those That stir the spirit's inner deeps, When one that loves but knows not, reaps A truth from one that loves and knows .'' " Thus far the poet has considered only the Christian view of immortality, which holds that the soul is created by God at the birth of the body, is incarnated but once, and, after one probation, passes to a condition unalterable for all eternity. But other views of immor- tality have been held. Among the most com- mon of these is metempsychosis, or the belief that every soul is everlasting, and is, or may be, incarnated an indefinite number of times. Of this there are two chief forms, the Greek and the Buddhistic. To these the poet now turns. If the soul is incarnated many times, then death is but a lonsier and deeper XLIII sleep, and life and death alternate like waking and sleeping. During death, the 1 Compare the opposite view, Goethe, Faust, Pt. IL vv. 7467 sqq. " Wir wurden friih entfernt Von Lebechoren ; Doch dieser hat gelernt, Er wird uns lehren." 44 III Mcnioriain. disembodied spirit, though unconscious, re- tains, in latent form, all the impressions and experience of all its past lives, and thus the entire experience of the world is treasured up, unimpaired, in "that still garden of the souls." In this case also the poet may expect in an- other life to know and love his friend, and to be known and loved by him. But, if our present life is only one of many lives, past and to come, does not the fact that we have now no remembrance of any past life raise a presumption that those who pass into another life will have no remembrance of what happened in this, but will have to be- XLIV ' . gin existence there as children with- out experience ? But the poet doubts whether man has not even in this life some dim recol- lections of past lives : " perhaps the hoarding sense Gives out at times (he knows not wlience) A little flash, a mystic hint." ^ So, in the higher life, there may come to his friend "some dim touch of earthly things," and the poet begs : 1 Pythagoras, the founder of the Greek doctrine of metempsychosis, is said to have remembered all his past lives, to have recognized on the door of a temple the shield which, as Euphorbos, he wore in the Trojan war, and to have discovered the soul of an old friend in a dog that some one was whipping. There are some facts in our psychic life which certainly suggest the thought of lives previous to this. Metempsychosis. 45 ** If such a dreamy touch should fall, O turn thee round, resolve the doubt ; My guardian angel will speak out In that higii place, and tell thee all." But, after all, this may be our first conscious life, for which the others were mere prepara- tions. Indeed, the very purpose of this embodiment of ours may be to render us conscious of our own individuality, our separateness from the great universe of being, our identity, which is a matter of mem- ory ; and this consciousness, once gained, may be eternal. Incarnation would seem useless, if, at the dissolution of the body, man lost his individuality and identity, and had to acquire them afresh in each new life. But, granting that in the next life we shall retain the con- sciousness of our identity gained here, it does not follow that we shall remember the events of this life with any clearness, since we observe that, in proportion as we grow older here, we forget the events of our earlier life, its sorrows and joys, ''thorn and flower." Were XLVI. it not so, life would "fail in looking back ; " that is, it would take a life-time to re- call the events of a life-time. But these facts are all due to the form of time, or succession, under which we think. In the higher life, in which spirits will think under the form of eternity {sitb specie ceternitatis), an all-embra- cing present without past or future. 46 /// Mentor iam. " clear from marge to marge shall bloom The eternal landscape of the past." In that landscape the years of friendship will seem the richest field, but may shed their ra- diance on the whole. The Buddhistic notion, that at death the in- dividual soul loses its identity, " remerging in the general Soul, is faith as vague as all un- sweet." It satisfies neither head nor ^^^^^' heart. It teaches that the Infinite and Absolute Being is utterly without form or determination, and all forms, or individuals, appearing in the universe are mere temporary illusions. This doctrine, which leads men to seek the annihilation of Self, as a deluding phantasm, has several times tried to insinu- ate itself into Western thought ; for example, through the Arabs in the twelfth century, and at present, in the form of Monism, and as the outcome of physical science. Indeed, in all cases, the doctrine has its origin in thought carried on in terms of physics. Against it the Church, holding fast to the Aristotelian doc- trine of the eternity of forms, ^ has always ex- erted herself to the utmost, and for a very good reason. Since, in mediaeval terminology, the rational or intellective soul is the " substantial 1 Metaphys., vi. 8 : lo-^ib 5 sqq., 16 sqq. Cf. Thomas Aquinas, Qiiast. Qiiodlib., ix. art. 11. Metempsychosis. 47 form " of the body,^ if forms are not eternal, then the soul is not immortal. We might al- most say that herein lies the fundamental dis- tinction between the thought of the East and that of the West. True to the latter, the poet exclaims : " Eternal form shall still divide The eternal soul from all beside, And I shall know him when we meet." In the spiritual world there will still be distinc- tion of persons, still fellowship, still love ; and however far isolation may be lost, as souls enter into closer union, it will be lost in light, not in darkness, in nirvana? As St. Bernard puts it : " The substance (of the individual) will remain, but in other form, other glory, 1 This was laid down expressly, as a dogma of the Church, in the Council of Vienne (1311), in this wise: " Doctrinam onmem, sen positionem temere asserentem aut vertentem in dubium quod substantia animas ration- alis aut intellectivae vere ac per se humani corporis non sit forma, velut erroneam, et veritati Catholicae fidei in- imicam, Sacro approbante Concilio, reprobamus : defi- nientes ut si quisquam deinceps asserere, defendere, seu tenere pertinaciter praesumpserit, quod Anima rationalis seu intellectiva non est forma corporis humani per se et essentialiter, tanquam haereticus sit censendus." This was even more strongly expressed by the Lateran Coun- cil (1515). 2 Nirvana means " the blowing out, the extinction of light." See Max Miiller, Chips from a German Work- shops i. 276. 48 In Memoriam. other power. ... So to be affected is to be deified." 1 In closing this section of his poem, the au- thor begs his readers not to look upon his "brief lays of Sorrow born," as if XLVIII. , . ^ . ^ . , . , they contained definite solutions or the profound problems touched upon in them. Sorrow aspires to nothing so lofty : " Her care is not to part and prove, She takes, when harsher moods remit, What slender shade of doubt may flit, And makes it vassal unto love." 1 " Manebit quidem substantia, sed in alia forma, alia gloria, alia potentia. ... Sic affici est deificari," De diligendo Deo, x. 28. CHAPTER VI. (xlix-lviii.) More problems. The prohkin of Evil and Death. The conflict of Nature and Faith. The poet resolves to continue his treatment of all the doubts, hints, and fancies that rise, like ripples on the great, ever-deepening ocean of sorrow, and catch broken gleams from all directions, " From art, from nature, XLIX. from the schools." Before under- taking this work, he offers a kind of prayer to the spirit of his friend, begging it to be near him at all times, when his spiritual powers are low or confused, to ward off depression, despair, and cynicism, and also in old age and death : " Be near me when I fade away, To point the term of human strife, And on the low dark verge of life The twilight of eternal day." But here a doubt springs up : Do we really wish that the spirits of our friends should stand by us and look into our inmost thoughts ? " Is there no baseness we would hide ? No inner vileness that we dread ? " 50 In Memoriam. But this doubt vanishes when he thinks of the majesty of death : " There must be wisdom with great Death, The dead shall look me thro' and thro'." Still, although the dead see " with larger other eyes than ours," they must see defects in us. These exist, however high our inner or outer ideal may be. The poet complains that the livino: ideal which he had found LII in his friend does not suffice to draw him up to its height. But the same is true of all ideals, even the Christian one, " the sinless years That breathed beneath the Syrian blue." A man must not fret, therefore, " That life is dash'd with flecks of sin," but try to offset the evil in him by a strong, steady endeavor after virtue, so that in the end, " When Time hath sunder'd shell from pearl," he may have a " wealth " of good to his credit. This suggests the whole question of the function of evil in the world, a question which faith finds extremely baffling. How can we reconcile the existence of evil and pain with divine goodness ? Is evil ultimate, essential, and eternal, or is it only a passing phenome- non, necessary to emphasize the good and to develop free will .? Is there an eternal hell, or Function of Evil. 51 only a temporary purgatory ? These are ques- tions that try men's souls. The modern mind finds it hard to entertain the ordinary Chris- tian behef that evil is eternal, and tends more and more to regard it as good in disguise. This was Goethe's view. Mephistopheles is made to say of himself, " I am a part of that power that always wills the evil, and always does the good." ^ Tennyson, observing that many a man overcomes the heats, passions, and follies of youth, becomes " a sober man among his boys," and " wears his manhood hale and green," is tempted to adopt Goethe's view. He asks : Must the field of life be sown with "wild oats," ere it be fit to produce useful grain ? At best it could be true only for those men who are strong enough to outlive the " heats of youth," not for those who succumb to them. But, even were it true for the first, it would be unwise to " preach it as a truth To those that eddy round and round," that is, those who are still in the whirlpool of passion. We must not allow the difficulty which " divine Philosophy " finds in drawing a clear line between good and evil to mislead us into confounding them, or trifling with the distinction between them. All such confusion is pandering to "the Lords of Hell." 1 Faust, Pt. I. vv. 983 sq. 52 /;/ Mcmoriain. But, while we call evil evil, we cannot, if we believe that "the great heart of the world is just," convince ourselves that it is eternal for any being, or that anything has been brought into life for an end other than itself, LIV or for no end at all. In God's world there cannot be any refuse or waste. Good will come at last to everything, even to the singed moth and the cloven worm. But alas ! looking at the facts of life as they present themselves to us, we find much that cries out against this conviction. We " can but trust that good shall fall At last — far off — at last, to all, And every winter change to spring." Such conviction comes not from knowledge, but from faith, that immediate, ineluctable de- mand of the heart for justice, from something in us as natural and imperious as the infant's dread of darkness and cry for the light.-' Yea, we cannot doubt that this innate de- mand for justice, this self-approving something which desires that " no life may fail beyond the grave," is the most god- like thing in us. It comes of infinite love and mercy, the dearest attributes of God. Can that which is likest to God in us be a lie ? And shall we allow ourselves to be induced to believe this by certain phenomena of nature, 1 Compare cxxiv. 5, Introduction pp. 8 sqq. Faith and Science. 5 3 whose meaning we cannot comprehend ? Shall we distrust the deepest utterances of our own souls, and lend an ear to the inarticulate de- liverances of rocks, plants, and brute beasts? If we watch the procedure of Nature, as re- vealed in the fossiliferous rocks and in her living processes, we seem to learn that she cares only for types, and is absolutely indif- ferent to individuals : " of fifty seeds She often brings but one to bear." It is hard for the understanding to reconcile such facts with the faith that every living thing has its aim, "That not one life shall be destroy'd Or cast as rubbish to the void, When God hath made the pile complete." Finding no hope but in faith, the poet falls with his burden upon that mystic stair which leads "through darkness up to God," stretches "lame hands of faith," calls to what he feels to be supreme, — justice and love, — and "faintly trusts the larger hope " of universal good. There are few finer conceptions in modern literature than that expressed in the lines, " the great world's altar-stairs That slope thro' darkness up to God." That the way to God is a steep stair, rising through night to light, is a familiar conception 54 I^^ Memoriam. with all mystics, with Bernard, Bonaventura, Dante. Even M. Renan says: "The path of the universe is shrouded in darkness, but it goes toward God." -^ But grandly original is the thought that this stair is an " altar-stair," and that the great world itself is an altar, upon which everything that lives, if it will save its life, must offer itself in sacrifice to God. Every step upwards is a step away from self and towards God, from darkness to light. At first the rays from above are faint ; but they brighten as w^e proceed, until at last we reach the great altar-fire, which consumes the very last remnants of self, the cause of all the darkness. But even if, with the Comtists and the ma- jority of evolutionists, we could bring ourselves to accept the doctrine that Nature cares nothing for individuals, but only for types or races, and to find a satisfaction for all our aspirations in altruistic devotion to the interests of " Humanity," we should soon find ourselves deprived of even that satisfaction by the voice of Nature. We have but to examine the fossiliferous rocks and the soil of the earth to find that " a thousand types are gone." ^ 1 Book of Job, Introduction. 2 See Darwin, Origin of Species, chap, x., 0)i Ext Dic- tion. It must be remembered that this work did not appear till 1859, long after In Memoriam was given to the world. Nature and Reason. 5 5 Nature seems to say, " I care for nothing, all shall go." Some catastrophe or some change in natural conditions may extinguish the whole human race at any moment. Can we sacrifice ourselves for a humanity of which this may be the end ? Reason revolts. Nature says one thing, Reason, the voice of God, another. Nature says all living things are born to die, " the spirit doth but mean the breath " : ^ Reason, looking at man and his life, his loves, his aspirations, his faith, his suffer- ings, his self-sacrifices, utterly rebels against this suggestion. If man's end is to be petri- fied into rocks, or blown about as dust, then he is a mockery of mockeries, and his life as futile as frail : " No more ? A monster then, a dream, A discord. Dragons of the prime That tare each other in their slime, "Were mellow music match'd with him." And the poet, in his despair, longs for the voice of his departed friend, " to soothe and bless ; " but feels that no complete solution of his diffi- culties can come, till we have passed " behind the veil " of flesh that hides from us the eternal realities. It need hardly be said at the present day 1 The Latin spiritus, the Greek TrrfCua, i/'w^^, and many other words used to designate the psychic princi- ple, meant originally breath. All metaphysical terms are metaphors, borrowed from physics. 56 In Memoriam. that, upon the question of the soul's immortal- ity, Nature and natural science have nothing to say. Science deals solely with becoming ( Werdeti), with phenomena and their order of succession ; and the soul is not a phenomenon. It belongs to the intelligible world of unchang- ing realities, to which also belongs the faculty of faith, "the test of things not seen." Thus "God and Nature," Reason and Understand- ing, are not " at strife ; " they only speak two different languages, and treat of two different worlds. The poet's despairing mood does not last. He feels it to be a wrong^ to the mem- LVII. ory of his friend, and, rather than cherish it, he will accept his loss, and cease wasting and darkening the present by living solely in the past. But, in thus loosening his embrace upon the past, he feels that he is leav- ing half his life behind, and that without it he will pass away, and his activity come to a close. All that comforts him and binds him to life is the thought that his friend is " richly shrined " in his verse. ^ If objective immortality be impossible, he has secured for his friend at 1 Compare Shakespeare, Sonnet XVIII. " But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest, Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow st ; So long as men can breathe, cr eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." Refuge in Faith. 57 least a " subjective immortality," as the Comt- ists say.-^ In the ears of all men " till hearing dies," the poet's verses will sound like the agojtia, announcing " The passing of the sweetest soul That ever look'd with human eyes," or the requiem sung at a saint's enshrinement. With such sepulchral accents of hopeless resisfnation he tries to take leave of , , , LVIII. the past and turn to the present ; but ere he can do so, the "high Muse," Faith, bids him not darken human life with such dolorous, fruitless dirges, adding " Abide a little longer here, And thou shalt take a nobler leave." That is, cling to the past with all its joys and sorrows a little longer, and thou shalt then be able to yield it up and accept the present in a mood nobler than that of mere blind resigna- tion. That past contains the "promise and potency " of the future. Cling to the Beatrice of early faith, until she rise "from flesh to spirit," until thou be able to behold her as spirit ; then thou wilt gladly take leave of the love that was manifested in the flesh, to glow with a deeper love manifested in the spirit. And this will be a nobler leave-taking.^ 1 See George Eliot, " O may I join the choir invisi- ble," and parts of Swinburne's " Super Flumina Babylo- nis." '^ Cf. Dante, Purg., xxx., xxxi. CHAPTER VII. (lix-lxxi.) Acceptance of Sorrow, as a chastener. Hope. Play of the fancy. Visions of sleep and wak- ing. Accordingly, the poet accepts his Sorrow, takes it to his bosom as a wife, real- LIX izing that, in its milder moods at least, it may make him "wise and good," and, living side by side with Hope, cease to seem Sorrow at all. In this mood he is able to turn with composure to the past, and tries in imagi- nation to conceive his present relation to his friend. He feels like a simple village girl who has fallen in love with a man of higher rank than her own, and suffers from the consciousness of her inferiority. LXI • . How poor must his mental and spirit- ual condition seem to one who, in heaven, has joined " the circle of the wise, The perfect flower of human time " ! ^ 1 Here the poet had probably in his inind Dante's Rose of the Blessed. See Paradiso, cantos xxx., xxxii. Compare xxiii. 19 sqq. Sorrow and Hope. 59 Still, no one, not even the soul of Shakespeare of the sonnets, could have loved a friend more. Perhaps this may be a claim to attention ; if not, if that love is too slight and un- LXII worthy, then he is willing that his friend should look upon it as a boyish caprice, an idle tale, and turn away from it, with " a fly- ing smile," to nobler loves. But he comforts himself with the thought that wide differences of condition do not always preclude sympathy. He himself has a certain pity and LXIII affection even for horses and dogs : may not his friend, though as far exalted above him as he above these animals, have a certain compassionate feeling for him ? Another thought strikes him. His - LXIV friend may look back upon his earthly life and him, as a man who, having risen by his own efforts from a low condition to one of influence and command, looks back with pleasure and a certain longing to the village where he was born and the friends of his boy- hood, still toiling away at their simple, rustic occupations. But these are fancies, whose only aim is to work up a happy thought. His friend may assume any attitude to- ward him he pleases, so long as the bond be- tween them is not broken. He is only anxious to believe that, just as something of his friend 6o In Mernoriam. lives and works in him, so something of him may Hve and work in his friend. And LXVI. T , . . , now he begms to recognize that a cer- tain humanizing effect has come from his loss. The very desolation caused by it, like the blank occasioned by loss of sight, has made him easily pleased with trifles, but at the same time " kindly with his kind.'' The removal of some object of affection which is above us often turns our affection to that which is be- side or below us. If, during the day, the poet's imagination is occupied with the glorified spirit of his friend, at night it wanders to the resting place of his body, seeing his memorial tablet illumined by the moon, or glimmering like a ghost in the gray dawn. Even LXVIII . <=> J in sleep his fancy labors with images of his friend. At one time, the years of friend- ship come up again in all their freshness ; but alas ! when he turns to his friend, he finds a darkening trouble in his eye. Sleep has trans- ferred the distress in his own soul to the face of his friend. A fine piece of psychological observation ! At another time he LXIX dreams of universal desolation. He himself, crowned with thorns, is made the butt of public scorn, until an angel with low voice and bright look comes to his aid. Visions of Sleep and Waking, 6 1 " He reach'd the glory of a hand, That seem'd to touch it into leaf: The voice was not the voice of grief, The words were hard to understand." With the single exception of Dante, no poet has made so many fine observations on the visions of sleep as Tennyson. Perhaps even finer are his observations on those waking vis- ions which he and, apparently, all persons of powerful imagination see, when they gaze fixedly into the dark. These visions are entirely beyond the control of the will. Accordingly, when the poet strives to paint the features of his friend upon the gloom among his waking visions, he finds he cannot : " the hues are faint And mix with hollow masks of night." These masks go on tumbling and mixing at their own pleasure, a strange, weird phantas- magoria, *' Till all at once beyojid the will I hear a wizard music roll, And thro' a lattice on the soul Looks thy fair face and makes it still." How often does the image which one has vainly tried to conjure up flash of itself be- fore the eye, when the will is quiescent ! Among the consistent dream-visions from the past that come to the poet, the LXXI most remarkable are those from a 62 In Memorimn. summer tour which he made through France with his friend in 1832.^ So clear are these visions that he begs " Sleep, kinsman to death and trance and madness," to "bring an opiate trebly strong," and not only call up the past in all its reality and joy, but to blot out the sense of loss and wrong that comes from the present. So, in sleep at least, his friend will be restored to him, in a way foreshadowing the restoration that may be expected from Death. Death may give completely what sleep can give only blurred. So hope comes from many quarters. 1 Compare the poem, /;/ the Valley of Canter etz. CHAPTER VIII. (Ixxii-lxxvii.) What his friend might have been. Vanity of fame aJid of monumefits. But the return of the anniversary of his friend's death (September 15th) brings back all the old feeling of loss, and sets . LXXII. the poet's imagination to work, fancy- ing all that might have been, had his friend been spared. But he is not now in a rebellious mood. True, the fame which he fore- LXXIII saw for his friend, as the reward of much usefulness, has not been realized ; but can he tell whether the world needed his friend at all ? " Great Nature is more wise than I," ^ he says elsewhere, and he says the same here, in other words : " I curse not nature, no, nor death ; For nothing is that errs from law." And, after all, what is fame t A mere shadow that, even at the best, lasts for a few years, but lays no hold on eternity. One can well afford to dispense with the short-lived, sub- 1 To J. S., V. 9. 64 Ii^ Menioriam. jective immortality of the Comtists,^ mere fame to which its object is utterly insensible, provided he obtain objective immortality, an ever-widening and deepening conscious lif<" What is even Shakespeare's fame '.omparea with eternal bliss ? Dante, who was himself by no means free from the " last infirmity of noble mind," has expressed this with great force and truth, in w^ords placed in the mouth of an enlightened soul in Purgatory : " The rumor of the world is but a breath Of wind, that now comes hence and now comes thence, And changes name, because it changes sides, " What fame wilt thou have more, if old thou shed From thee the flesh, than if thou hadst been dead Ere thou hadst ceased to babble *pap' and 'mon,'^ "From hence a thousand vears, which is a space More brief to the eternal than a wink Is to the circle that in heaven moves slowest ? " Your fame is as the greenness of the grass, That comes and goes, and he discolors it Who made it issue tender from the earth. " 3 Indifference to fame naturally follows from a firm belief in immortality. It is, therefore, 1 See Comte's Catechisme Positiviste, pp. 161 sqq., where this immortality is described in a very amusing, not to say absurd, way. 2 " I] pappo e il dindi^'' childish words for bread and money. 3 PHrg.,y\. 100-8; 1 1 5-7. Fame and Immortality. 65 peculiarly characteristic of sincere Christians. Among pagans, fame was reckoned as one of the noblest motives, as we see in the Homeric poems and the Fdda. In the latter we find an excellent expression of the pagan feeling on the subject : " Cattle die ; friends die ; a man himself dies ; but fame dies never to him ^b?.t^ets it well." ^ Thinking of the wise and great that have earned fame worthily, the poet recog- nizes in his dead friend a family like- ness to them, which he thinks might be worked up into something compelling a rec- ognition not unlike fame. But this elaboration he will not attempt, leaving his friend's worth to be judged by the measure of his own grief for his loss. Besides, "The world which credits what is done Is cold to all that might have been." But his friend has found his sphere of work elsewhere, and there, doubtless, his appointed task " Is wrought with tumult of acclaim." And even if he should choose to do for his friend what Dante did for Beatrice, ^ 1 • • ^ ^1 LXXVI. raismg to his mterrupted career a monument of glorifying verse, what would it ^ Hdvamdl, 75 ; cf. 76. 66 In MemoriajH. profit? It too would perish in a few years, "before the mouldering of a yew," "ere half the lifetime of a.^*, oak." And, though LXXVII the poems of Hoiiier still last, there is no hope whatever for modern rhyme. It is doomed to early oblivion : " But what of that ? My darken'd ways Shall ring with music all the same ; To breathe my loss is more than fame, To utter love more sweet than praise." CHAPTER IX. (Ixxviii-lxxxiii.) Sorrow woven into life. The exa?nple of the friend followed. The moral world reco7i- structed. Another Christmas comes, in whose festivi- ties there is no sign of mournino^ for . . . LXXVIII. the departed, " No single tear, no mark of pain." This does not mean that Sorrow is dead, or has ceased to exert her purifying influence : " No — mixt with all this mystic frame, Her deep relations are the same, But with long use her tears are dry." She has been accepted and woven silently into Hfe. The family festivities suggest the thought that the poet mioht have been ex- LXXIX pected to find an object for his deep- est affections among his own kin, whereas he has said (ix. 5.) that his friend was more to him than his brothers. He assures his brother ^ 1 Charles Tennyson, who afterwards changed his sur- name to Turner, was himself no mean poet. In 1827 68 In Mcmoriam. that this implies no want of respect for him, who is worthy "to hold the costliest love in fee." But brothers are "one in kind," being moulded under the same influences, whereas the stranger often possesses a difference which gives zest to friendship. " And so my wealth resembles thine, But he was rich where I was poor, And he supplied my want the more As his unlikeness fitted mine." The difference between himself and his friend sup^gests the question how the LXXX latter would have acted, had the case been reversed ; that is, had Tennyson died and Hallam been spared. He feels sure that the bereaved one would then have felt " A grief as deep as life or thought, But stay'd in peace with God and man," turning his "burthen into gain." This exam- ple love prompts the poet to follow. Amid such thoughts as these. Sorrow is be- comino^ so gracious that he is almost LXXXI giving up his grudge against Death, the two brothers published conjointly a small volume of poems, entitled " Poems by two Brothers," the contents of which appear in some American editions of Tenny- son's poems. The second volume of Macmillaji' s Maga- zine (i860) contains four sonnets (pp. 98 sq.) and a versi- fied legend (p. 226) by Charles Tennyson, who was a clergyman. The third brother, Frederick Tennyson, was also a poet. Moral World Reconstructed. 69 when the thought strikes him that, had his friend Uved, he himself might have come to know a yet deeper love than that of his youth, and his grudge is renewed. " But Death returns an answer sweet : • My sudden frost was sudden gain, And gave all ripeness to the grain It might have drawn from after-heat.' " And so he again becomes reconciled to Death's work, with only a little re- sentment, because he cannot com- municate with his friend. Altogether, a new life is stirring in him, so full of receptivity and energy that he is impatient with the Spring because it comes too slowly to be in sympathy with him and his feelings : " O thou, new-year, delaying long, Delayest the sorrow in my blood, That longs to burst a frozen bud. And flood a fresher throat with song." In a word, the poet's shattered moral world has been reconstructed, if not completely, at least far enough to make rational, aimful ac- tivity possible for him. He has done with what he calls " Confusions of a wasted youth." And here we may ask : What influences have effected this reconstruction ? The an- swer is, Time and Reason. The former, by dulling the emotional pain which converts the /o /;/ MemoriavL. visible world into chaos, has made it possible for the understanding to recognize that " Noth- ing is that errs from law " : the second, intro- ducing order into the moral chaos, which the understanding always produces, finds justice and love in the essence of things : " I know transplanted human worth Will bloom to profit otherwhere." (Ixxii. 3.) The injustice which the understanding finds in temporal life Reason wipes out, by pointing to eternal life. Justice is in the spiritual world what mechanical law is in the material. These two worlds constitute the moral world, wherein man is called to choose and act. CHAPTER X. (Ixxxiv-lxxxix.) The ^^ low beginnings of content ^'^ resulting in (i) acceptance of loss, (2) new attachmeiits, (3) power to dwell with pleasure in the past. In his altered mood, the poet is able to do three things impossible before : First, to con- template, with only a slight reawakening of bitterness, the life that would have been his, if his friend had been spared ; second, to enter upon new friendships ; third, to live over again the past and revisit the scenes of it, with a cer- tain delight. (I.) The picture of the life that might have been is drawn with infinite tender- LXXXIV ness and warmth. The poet sees his friend daily growing in all the graces of man- hood, " a central warmth diffusing bliss " on all his kin, which would have included himself.-^ 1 Arthur Hallam was to have married Tennyson's sister Emily. Among his published Remai7is there are two poems referring to her, " To two Sisters," " To the loved One." Both are marked by exquisite purity and tenderness, such as we rarely find save in the Italian poets. 72 In Memoriam. He sees him a power for good in society and state, earning an honest, unsought fame among men, and the approval of God. He sees him- self "an honor'd guest," walking by the side of his friend through all the phases of a noble life, rich in good, until at last " He that died in Holy Land Would reach us out the shining hand, And take us as a single soul." Perhaps there does not exist in literature any other description of a noble life equal to this, unless it be that which occurs in the fourth book (third ode) of Dante's Convivio. The following is a literal rendering : " The soul which this goodness adorns Holds it not within itself concealed ; For from the beginning, when it weds the body, It shows it even unto death. Obedient, sweet, and modest It is in its Earliest Age ; And it adorns its person with beauty Through the harmony of its parts. In Manhood temperate and strong, Full of love and courteous praise, And only in deeds of loyalty it takes delight. It is in its Old Age Prudent and just; and generosity is heard of it; And in itself it rejoices To hear and speak of others' good. Then in the Fourth Part of life It reweds itself to God, Contemplating the end which awaits it, And blesses the times that are past." Turning back to Life. 73 (II.) With the old conviction (xxvii. 4) con- firmed that " 'T is better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all," the poet turns warmly to a second friend ^ of early days, who, with a view to allevi- ate their " common grief," has asked him, kindly but half reproachfully, about his condition, and whether sorrow for his loss has weakened his faith and hope in higher things, and blasted his affections. In true Dantesque fashion, he replies to all the three questions in turn. First, he tells of the years of sorrow long-drawn-out that followed his great loss, and how, notwithstanding his pain, he has found, through the influence of his friend, " in grief a strength reserved " preventing him from swerving "to works of weakness." He has continually recognized that the possession of a will free to choose life or death imposes on man heavy responsibilities of action : " Yet none could better know than I, How much of act at human hands The sense of human will demands, By which we dare to live or die." 1 Who the friend is, is not apparent ; possibly E. L. Lushington, or Rev. W. H. Brookfield, on whose death the poet wrote a sonnet, containing these lines : " How oft with him we paced that walk of limes, Him, the lost light of those dawn-golden times, Who loved you well ! Now both are gone to rest." 74 If^ Meinoriam. Second^ he gives assurance that grief has not undermined his faith, by telHng what he be- lieves with regard to his lost friend : " God's finger touch'd him, and he slept. " The great Intelligences fair ^ That range above our mortal state, In circle round the blessed gate, Received and gave him welcome there ; " And led him thro' the blissful climes, And show'd him in the fountain fresh All knowledge that the sons of flesh Shall gather in the cycled times." 1 " The movers of that [third heaven] are substances separate from matter, that is Intelligeiices, whom the common sort call Afigels.^'' — Dante, Convivio, ii. 5. — " The First Agent, that is, God, impresses his power upon some things after the manner of a direct ray, and on others after the manner of a reflected splendor. Whence, on the Intelligences the divine Light radiates without medium ; on the others it is reflected from these Intelligences that are first illuminated." — Ibid., iii. 14. — " In certain books translated from the Arabic, sepa- rate substances, which we call Angels, are called l7itelli- gences, perhaps for the reason that substances of this kind always have actual [never mere potential] intelli- gence. In books translated from the Greek, however, they are CdMed Intellects ox Minds ^ — Thomas Aquinas, Sum. Theol., Pt. I. q. 79, art. 10. Among the Christian Gnostics these intelligences were called ^ons {a\fav^%). These are mentioned even in the Epistle to the Hebrews, i. 2 : " By whom also He made the /Eons " {aXuvas, curi- ously mistranslated ' worlds ' and ' ages,' in our English versions). Faith and Love Intact. 75 Third, he affirms that his affections, so far from being blasted by grief, have been deep- ened and purified by it. He loves his lost friend with a friendship " Which masters Time indeed, and is Eternal, separate from fears : The all-assuming months and years Can take no part away from this." Nay more, though every season, every wind and wave recall the " old affection of the tomb," that very affection seems to say to him : " Arise, and get thee forth and seek A friendship for the years to come." Accordingly he accepts with pleasure the prof- fered affection of the other friend, and re- turns it, though still forced to admit, " I could not, if I would, transfer The whole I felt for him to you." In a word, while loving the incomparable friend more than ever, yea, with the great passion of his life, his heart is still fresh and open to other affections. He is now again in full sympathy with Na- ture, the sure sign of spiritual health : LXXXVI the shadows of Doubt and Death are lifted from his fancy, which now exultingly flies ** From belt to belt of crimson seas On leagues of odor streaming far, j6 In Memoriam. To where in yonder orient star A hundred spirits whisper * Peace.' " (III.) The poet now revisits with delight Cambridge, where he and his friend LXXXVII had passed so many happy, fruitful days.-^ He gives us a charming picture of the best side of university life, and of Arthur Hal- lam, telling how in his rapt moments his fellows saw " The God within him light his face, " And seem to lift the form, and glow In azure orbits heavenly-wise ; And over those ethereal eyes The bar of Michael Angelo." 2 The joy at the thought of all this, alternating with the sense of loss, makes the LXXXVIII poet feel the fierce extremes of emotion ; so that, though he would " prelude woe," which is disharmony, he is mastered by the fundamental harmony of the universe : " The glory of the sum of things Will flash along the chords and go." We now get a picture of Hallam's visits to Tennyson's early home in Lincoln- LXXXIX shire, and of the family life at Som- 1 Tennyson went to Cambridge in 1828 and there met Hall am. 2 The portrait of Hallam prefixed to his Remaijts shows this bar, though but slightly. It is very marked in the portraits in profile of Michael Angelo. The Beauty of the Past. yy ersby Rectory. And what an atmosphere of simple happiness, love, and refinement ! No wonder that Hallam hated cities, which " merge ... in form and gloss The picturesque of man and man." CHAPTER XI. (xc-xcvi.) Desire still to see the friend in any for7n. Dif- ficulties. Trance. Ecstatic tmion with the glorified spirit. Vision of truth. Doubt. Having thus, with much pain and struggle, pieced together a new life, of which chasten- ing sorrow is an essential element, the poet asks himself how it would be if his friend should now return to him and annihilate this sorrow. Would he not be disconcerted, like the heir to a great estate by the restoration of his father to life, or a happy wife by the resus- citation of an old, accepted lover ? No ! no ! The man who could feel so " tasted love with half his mind, Nor ever drank the inviolate spring Where nighest heaven." Gladly would he have his friend return to him. " Ah dear, but come thou back to me : "Whatever change the years have wrought, I find not yet one lonely thought That cries against my wish for thee." Yea, he would be glad to have his friend come Desire to see the Dead. 79 back to him in two forms, to suit different seasons ; in the spring assuniing the form he wore on earth ; in the warm, bright summer, his glorified form, appearing " hke a finer fight in fight." ^ At the same time he reafizes that, if his friend should ap- pear to him, he might think the vis- XCII ion a mere hallucination. Nay, even if it should recall some event from their past lives, he might take this for a trick of memory, while, if it uttered prophecies or warnings which afterwards came true, they would seem " But spiritual presentiments And such refraction of events As often rises ere they rise." ^ From all this the poet wisely concludes : "I shall not sec thee." His friend, now a glorified Intefiigence, "sepa- rate from matter," will not reveal himself to 1 Compare the beautiful lines in Dante, Parad., viii. 16 sq. " E come in fiamma favilla si vede, E come in voce voce si discerne," etc. - In a biographical sketch of Henry Fitzmaurice Hal- lam, who, like his brother, died young, — a sketch writ- ten by (Sir) Henry Sumner Maine and Franklin Lush- ington and prefixed to the brother's Remains, — we find this curious passage : " He was conscious nearly to the last, and met his early death (of which his presenti- ments for several years had been frequent and very sin- gular) with calmness and fortitude " (p. Ivi.). So In Mcmoriavi. the senses, which are related only to matter. But is there no other, no direct means of com- munication between souls ? ^ May not the free spirit itself come, " Where all the nerve of sense is numb ; Spirit to Spirit, Ghost to Ghost" ? And the poet begs his friend, if such possi- bihty there be, to descend from his " sightless range with gods," that is, from the invisible, divine world, and to hear " The wish too strong for words to name ; That in this blindness of the frame My Ghost may_/tv/ that thine is near." 2 In other words, he begs his friend to reveal himself as pure spirit to pure spirit, which alone would be true spiritual communication.^ 1 Cf. Aylvier's Field: " Star to star vibrates light : may soul to soul Strike thro' a finer element of her own ? "' 2 St. Bonaventura, in speaking of the ecstatic union of the soul with God, says : " In this transition, if it is to be perfect, all intellectual activities must be aban- doned, and the whole apex of affection transferred and transformed into God. But this is a mystical and most secret thing, which no one knows save him who receives it, no one receives save him who deserves it." — Itinera- rhim Mentis in Demn, chap. vii. ^ Compare Lord Houghton's Strangers Yet : " Will it ever more be thus — Spirits still impervious? Shall we ever fairly stand Desire to see the Dead. 8 1 But the question arises : What must be the internal condition of the man who • • 1 xciv. may hope to have such spiritual com- munications from the " silent, earnest spirit- realm " ? He must be " pure at heart and sound in head," " with divine affections bold," his spirit "at peace with all." Only such a man can "call the spirits from their golden day." " They haunt the silence of the breast, Imaginations cahn and fair, The memory like a cloudless air, The conscience as a sea at rest : " But when the heart is full of din, And doubt beside the portal waits, They can but listen at the gates, And hear the household jar within." i In the quiet of a summer night, when all nature is ruled by a spirit of har- xcv. mony, the poet finds such a season Soul to soul, as hand to hand? Are the bounds eternal set To maintain us strangers yet." Corjihill Magazine, vol. i. p. 448. 1 Compare Shelley's exquisite lines : " I am as a spirit who has dwelt Within his heart of hearts, and I have felt His feelings, and have thought his thoughts, and known The inmost converse of his soul, the tone Unheard but in the silence of the blood, When all the pulses in their multitude Image the trembling calm of summer seas." 82 In Memoriain. of inner calm, and, in order the better to place his own soul in relation with that of his friend, he reads "the noble letters of the dead." As he proceeds, love and faith and vigor all grow strong. '* So word by word, and line by line, The dead man touch'd me from the past, And all at once it seem'd at last His living soul was flash'd on mine." But this is not the soul in its mundane, unde- veloped condition : it is the soul that has seen the ultimate reality and truth, which it now imparts directly to the soul of the poet : ** And mine in his was wound and whirl'd About empyreal heights of thought, And came on that which is, and caught The deep pulsations of the world, "Ionian music measuring out The steps of Time — the shocks of Chance — The blows of Death. At length my trance Was cancell'd, stricken thro' with doubt." That these lines record an actual experience there can be no doubt. The poet tells us that he was in a trance. Lest this assertion should be regarded as a mere poetic phrase, it may be well to say that Tennyson from very early life has been subject to trances. In proof of this, I am allowed to quote from a letter written by him in 1874 to a gentleman in this country, who had sent him an essay on Trance. 83 certain remarkable mental effects of anaesthet- ics. He says : " I have never had any reve- lations through anaesthetics ; but a kind of ' waking trance ' (this for lack of a better word) I have frequently had quite up from boy- hood when I have been all alone. This has often come upon me through repeating my own name to myself silently, till all at once as it were out of the intensity of the conscious- ness of individuality the individuality itself seemed to dissolve and fade away into bound- less being — and this not a confused state but the clearest of the clearest, the surest of the surest, utterly beyond words — where death was an almost laughable impossibility — the loss of personality (if so it were) seeming no extinction but the only true life. " I am ashamed of my feeble description. Have I not said the state is utterly beyond words ? But in a moment when I come back to my normal state of * sanity ' I am ready to fight for inein liehes Ich, and hold that it will last for aeons of aeons." In his trance,^ the poet "came on that which is " (to ovtoxs ov), the ultimate reality, and from that point of view was able to see 1 Trance is a corruption of the Latin transittis, a word used in the Middle Age to translate the Greek iKtrraa-is or ecstasy. Equivalent expressions were excessus ineii- taliSf excessus mejitis, raphis jjiejitis, ascensio, extasis. 84 In Me7}ioriam, the world as a perfect harmony, in which even Chance and Death were necessary and con- cordant elements.^ That such experiences, though rare, have fallen to the lot of deeply religious souls in all ages is a fact most amply attested. Several cases are mentioned in the Bible. Of these the most remarkable is that of Paul the Apostle, recorded in the twelfth chapter of the second Epistle to the Corin- thians. St. Thomas Aquinas discusses the nature of this ecstasy at great length,^ and says : " The soul of man is sometimes rapt, when it is elevated by the divine spirit to su- pernatural things, with abstraction from sen- sible things." Whenever in the Bible the phrases " I was in the spirit," " the spirit of the Lord came upon me," etc., occur, they al- ways imply ecstasy. St. Bonaventura relates that St. Francis of Assisi once fell into a trance, in which he saw a six-winged seraph, nailed to a cross, and that he ever afterwards bore the stigmata of the crucifixion.^ And the whole delightful work. The SouVs Progress in God, is nothing but a guide to such ecstasy. Dante 1 An exactly similar experience is claimed for Py- thagoras, " that being outside of the body he heard a melodious harmony" ('E/ferj/os i<^f) ws e^ca yev6iJ.€uos rov edofiaros aK-fiKoa efifieXods apfxovias. Schol. Ambros. to Odyssey I. 371). 2 Supz. T/ieo/., II. 2 q. clxxv. ^ Itinera}'. Mentis in Deum, chapp. i., vii. Ecstasy. 85 tells us with regard to himself : " After this sonnet there appeared to me a wonderful vis- ion, in which I saw things that made me con- clude to say no more of this blessed one until such time as I could more worthily treat of her." ^ The result was the Divine Coiiiedy. But it is not only among Christians that such experiences have occurred. Not to men- tion the trances ascribed in late times to Py- thagoras, or the references to visions of the Divine in Plato - and Aristotle,^ we find Por- phyry, in his biography of his master, Ploti- nus, saying that this philosopher had frequent trances, in which he saw " that God who has neither shape nor form (iSea), and is exalted above all intellect and all that is intelligible," four such trances having been vouchsafed dur- ing his own acquaintance with him. Nay, he even goes farther, and affirms that he himself had one such experience, in his sixty-eighth year. To attain such states was the end and aim of all Neoplatonic philosophy, as well as of much Christian Gnosticism. It appears, then, that certain persons of pure and deeply religious nature, when under the influence of a strong spiritual love, and when their souls are calm, collected, and free from the irritation of the senses, rise to a finer 1 Vita Niiova, last chapter. - See Sympositwi.-p. 211. 8 Metaphysics, xii. 7 : 10721^ 24. S6 In Memoriam. form of consciousness, in which they become clearly and directly aware of those universal, spiritual energies which control the world, and which, in their very nature, are beyond the reach of ordinary sense-perception. With re- gard to such experiences these three facts are well attested: (i) That they are infinitely sweeter and more satisfying to the soul than any other ; (2) that they impart to the mind a certainty of higher things which nothing else gives; (3) that they cannot be expressed in human concepts or in human speech, except through vague symbols and parables, which point rather to blessedness than to knowledge. Paul tells us that he " heard things unspeak- able (or unspoken) which a man may not utter." Dante says : " Within that heaven which of His light takes most Was I, and things beheld which to rehearse Who thence descends hath neither wit nor words ; Because, when it approacheth its desire, Our intellect goes deep'ning down so far That after it the memory cannot go. But yet whatever of the blessed realm I had the power to treasure in my mind Shall be the matter of the present song." 1 And when at last he " comes on that which is," and sees the primal fount of being, he can dis- tinguish nothing : he is only supremely blest.^ ^ Par ad., i. 4 sqq. 2 gee p. 25, note. Ecstasy. ^j In words almost identical in meaning with those quoted above, Tennyson says of his trance : " Vague words ! but ah, how hard to frame In matter-moulded forms of speech, Or ev'ii for intellect to reach Thro' memory that which I became." ^ That such trances are closely akin to the deepest poetic insight is shown by the utter- ances of many true poets. Wordsworth's lines will occur to every one. They are quoted here as the highest modern expression of ecstasy : " Such was the Boy — but for the growing Youth What soul was his, when, from the naked top Of some bold headlartd he beheld the sun Rise up and bathe the world in light ! He looked — Ocean and earth, the solid frame of earth And ocean's liquid mass beneath him lay In gladness and deep joy. The clouds were touched, And in their silent faces did he read Unutterable love. Sound needed none, Nor any voice of joy ; his spirit drank The spectacle : sensation, soul, and form All melted into him ; they swallowed up His animal being ; in them did he live, And by them did he live ; they were his life. In such access of mind, in such high hour Of visitation from the living God, 1 Compare Dante, Parad.y i. 70 sqq. " Transhumanize to signify by words None may : but let th' example serve for those For whom grace holds th' experience in reserve." SB III Memoriam. Thought was not; in enjoyment it expired. No thanks he breathed, he proffered no request ; Rapt into still communion which transcends The imperfect offices of prayer and praise, His mind was a thanksgiving to the power That made him ; it was blessedness and love." ^ Goethe doubtless puts his own deepest insight into the Chorus Mysticus, with which he closes Faust, his great life-work : "All the transient Is but a parable ; The unattainable Here grows attainment ; The indescribable — Here it is done." It is perhaps worth while observing that, in the Prologue to Faust, Goethe makes the world seem a perfect harmony to the archangels, who see the principle and whole of it.^ Only to the narrow intellect of Mephistopheles is everything disharmony. It has seemed necessary to dwell at some length on this matter of ecstasy, because it is, in a sense, the kernel of the whole poem, which everywhere teaches us that knowing is not the highest faculty of the soul, but that above it is another, which alone can give us the truths necessary for rational life. This is 1 Excursion, Bk. I. 2 " Und alle deine hohen Werkc Sind herrlich wie am ersten Tag." Ecstasy, ^9 the faculty of faith, whose form is justice, and which, when at its highest, sees justice or har- mony everywhere. It has been shown that an ecstatic vision of the absolute harmony has been claimed by some of the purest and no- blest of human kind. The question remams : What is the value of such visions ? Seemg that they leave behind them no clear know- ledge but only certain blessed feelmgs that seek 'expression in symbols or myths, often strange and fanciful, like St. Francis' six- winged seraph, what confidence can the under- standing place in such symbols ? Can they be fairly interpreted so as to be a gmde and stay to human life ? Every soul, it seems, must an- swer this question for itself, no matter whether it has had the experience itself, or only learnt of it from others. Tennyson at first could not place full confidence in his vision. It " Was cancell'd, stricken thro' with doubt." Morning found him a skeptic. Shall this doubt be put away, as something base? The simple, tender spirit of ^^^^ the sister says reverently : " Doubt is Devil-born." He knows not : he might even be inclined to admit this, were it not for the example of his friend, who always "fought his doubts." He knows that in the highest region of the soul it is not doubt, but impurity, that mars and darkens. 90 In Memoriam, " Perplext in faith, but pure in deeds, At last he beat his music out. There lives more faith in honest doubt, Believe me, than in half the creeds. " So, following his friend's example, he will fight his doubts and gather strength, not blinding his judgment. In this way he will arrive at that power " Which makes the darkness and the light, And dwells not in the light alone." CHAPTER XII. (xcvii-ciii.) The presence of the lost one^ as a universal spirit^ begins to be felt, though only at times. The old sore still easily opened. A happy ^ signifi- cant dream. That union with the universal which the poet experienced in his trance, if it has not convinced his understandinfr, has not , XCVII. been without its effect upon his feel- ings. He now finds his love reflected from all the world. " My love has talk'd with rocks and trees ; He finds on misty mountain-ground His own vast shadow glory-crown'd ; He sees himself in all he sees." Toward his friend, who now lives, " in vastness and in mystery," he feels like a wife who has remained in the simple household ways of her maidenhood, while her husband has risen to heights of thought or science which she can- not comprehend. " She knows not what his greatness is ; For this, for all, she loves him more." 92 In Mcmoriam. But, for all this, the sense of loss still re- mains, ready to be galled by every event that breaks in upon the quiet tenor of life. Some one is going on a con- tinental tour, in which he will visit Vienna. This recalls the fact that the loved one died in that city, and makes the old horror of it ran- kle. The poet has never seen, will never see, Vienna, which, despite all the glowing descrip- tions of it he has heard, he is prepared to re- gard as haunted by an evil fate. The anniversary of his friend's death, though ushered in with all the beauty of the autumn, brings to him only cause for mourn- XCIX . . • ing. Still, it is no longer lonely grief. To all those for whom the day brings similar grief he feels that " To-day they count as kindred souls ; They know me not, but mourn with me." The poet's family has to bid farewell to its old home in Lincolnshire, and the c. . scenes amid which he has so often wandered with his friend. The presence of the dear one is everywhere : ** I find no place that does not breathe Some gracious memory of my friend." " And, leaving these, to pass away, I think once more he seems to die." The old home will pass into new hands, CJiange of Scene. 93 which will have no pious care for the many things interwoven with the poet's most tender feelings — the garden, the brook, the grove ; " And year by year our memory fades From all the circle of the hills." He is bound to his native spot, not only by the associations of a happy boyhood, but also by the memories of blessed hours passed there in converse with his friend, and he cannot tell which tie is the stronger. For a time they fight in his soul, but at last, when he turns " To leave the pleasant fields and farms ; They mix in one another's arms To one pure image of regret." But on the night before leaving the old home the poet has a Dantesque vis- ion of his friend, which leaves a feel- ing of contentment in his soul. He dreams that he is dwelling in a " palace of art." In the centre of this stands a statue, which, though veiled, he recognizes to be his friend, and before which maidens play and sing of all that is "wise and good and graceful." Sud- denly a dove flies in, bearing "a summons from the sea." The maidens, learning that he must go, " weep and wail," but accompany him to a " little shallop " lying in the stream below. The shallop glides down the stream, which 94 -^^^ Memoriam. ever widens between vaster-growing banks, and, as it does so, the maidens gather strength, grace, and majesty, while the poet feels in himself " the thews of Anakim,i The pulses of a Titan's heart," and power to sing the mightiest and deepest of songs. At last they reach the great Ocean, and see before them a great, splendid ship, with the lost one standing on the deck. The poet boards her, and falls in silence on the neck of his friend ; whereat the maidens wail, and upbraid him for deserting them, who had so long faithfully served him. He is so rapt that he pays no heed to them ; but his friend bids them come aboard. They do so, *' And while the wind began to sweep A music out of sheet and shroud, We steer'd her toward a crimson cloud That landlike slept along the deep." This dream was, doubtless, a real expe- rience. Still, there is no mistaking its resem- blance, in some points, to the Palace of Art ^ in others, to Recollections of the Arabian Nights^ and, in others still, to the Pas si?tg of Arthur. No one has yet told us where our dreams come from, or whether they all come from the same source. Who shall tell us ? Dante, whose ex- perience in such matters was deep and broad, says : 1 Deuteron. ix. 2. A Happy Dream. 95 " O Fancy that dost steal us so at times From outer things, that we are unaware Though thousand trumpets round about us blare ! What moveth thee, if sense afford thee naught ? 'T is light that moves thee, which in heaven takes form, Self-moved, or else thro' will that guides it down."i He elsewhere speaks of the hour at which " our mind, a pilgrim most From flesh, and least enthralled by thoughts, In power of vision is well-nigh divine." ^ At all events, the poet can console himself with the thought that, at the end of his earthly career, he will meet, face to face, the friend who has so long stood a veiled statue in the halls of his soul, before whom every muse or power of his spirit has made music, and that, into the glorious ship of that new, double life, these powers will accompany him in all their integrity. 1 Purg., xvii. 13 sqq. 2 Purg., ix. 16 sqq. CHAPTER XIII. (civ-cxiv.) Though our life at present is full of disappoint- me?it and sorrow^ the poet will embrace it, and let sorrow make hi7?i wise. The wisdo7?i buried with his friend. Kjiowledge and Wisdojn. Another Christmas finds the poet in a new home, in which lie feels himself a CIV stranger. Here too the Christmas bells ring ; but, alas ! " Like strangers' voices here they sound, In lands where not a memory strays, Nor landmark breathes of other days, But all is new unhallow'd ground." Removal too "has broke the bond of dying use." This year there shall be no cv. . Christmas celebration, no old-fash- ioned merriment : " For who would keep an ancient form Thro' which the spirit breathes no more ? " He will hold the night *' solemn to the past." There shall be no dance or motion, save that of the gleaming worlds which brighten in the Life accepted Anezv. 97 cloudless east, whose revolutions mark the lapse of the ages. To these he prays : " Run out your measured arcs and lead The closing cycle rich in good." When the midnight bells strike up, the poet breaks forth into a song, exhorting them to ring out the old epoch, with all its sin, its strife, and its suffering, and ring in the better time. In this noble song we have a foretaste of that fierce arraignment of the life of the present day which characterizes some of the poet's later productions. Deeply religious by nature, like his friend Carlyle, he cannot reconcile himself to a life which, having no eye for the spiritual world, and no ear for the thunders of Sinai, takes a golden calf for its God, and political economy for its moral law. And yet that is the life which the great majority of mankind in our day lead. No wonder that he cries out, " Ring out the darkness of the land; Ring in the Christ that is to be." Before we can ever again heartily celebrate Christmas, we must have a new Christ. The old one is dead, leaving the festival but an empty form. Rather than be guilty of the hypocrisy of adhering to it, he will celebrate the birthday of his glorified friend, that living ideal, which fills his soul with aspiration after all good. 98 In Memoriam. " We keep the day. With festal cheer, With books and music, surely we Will drink to him, whate'er he be, And sing the songs he loved to hear." So, at least, he can be sincere. But in spite of the materialism and wretched- ness of the present life, he will not CVIII. . flee from it, shutting himself out from his kind, like a hermit, or stiffening into stone with grief, like Niobe. " Faith without works is dead"; vacant aspiration utterly profitless. However potent a man's yearning be, he can imagine nothing in the highest heaven but his " own phantom chanting hymns " ; nothing in the deepest abyss of death but " the reflex of a human face." ^ Instead of spending his days in selfish, contemptuous seclusion, he will ac- cept human life as he finds it, with all its disappointments and sorrows. These will, at least, teach him some of the wisdom which his friend held in store. " 'T is held that sorrow makes us wise, Whatever wisdom sleep with thee." 1 Omar Khayyam has expressed this thought very forcibly, though in a different spirit : " I sent my Soul through the Invisible, Some letter of the After-life to spell: And by and by my Soul return'd to me, And answer'd ' I Myself am Heav'n and Hell': " Heav'n but the Vision of fulfill'd Desire, And Hell the Shadow of a Soul on fir*-, Cast on the Darkness, into which Ourselves, So late emerg'd from, shall so soon expire." The Friend'' s Worth, 99 But, alas ! how much wisdom does so sleep ! And he proceeds to describe, in words such as only love can dictate, his friend's intellect, eloquence, artistic insight, lofty aspiration, moral purity, profound but temperate love of freedom, and, last, his manly tenderness : " And manhood fused with female grace In such a sort, the child would twine A trustful hand, unask'd, in thine, And find his comfort in thy face." All these aspects of wisdom the poet has seen and loved. Shall they remain without effect upon him, merely because the bearer of them has been removed from sight ? Surely not ; and he goes on to describe the power exerted by his friend's wisdom upon all classes of men, old and young, weak and strong, loyal and proud, the fawning hypocrite, the stern, the flippant, the brazen fool, and lastly upon himself, in whom it woke deep, un- fathomable spiritual love " that will not tire, And, born of love, the vague desire That spurs an imitative will." All this wisdom was simple and genuine, the outcome of a " high nature, amorous CXI of the good," no mere hypocrisy or play-acting, such as the "churP in spirit" may 1 Eorlas and ceorlas, earls and churls, is the Anglo- Saxon for "gentle and simple." 100 hi Memoriam. practise for fashion's sake. It was no mere veneer covering a coarse, coltish nature, but "the native growth of noble mind," of a soul looking out from an eye " Where God and Nature met in light ; "And thus he bore without abuse The grand old name of gentleman,^ Defamed by every charlatan, And soil'd with all ignoble use." Having seen such a miracle of perfection, such a "novel power," so unlike any- thing else he has ever known, he finds it hard to rise to any enthusiasm for the " glorious insufficiencies " of other persons. His friend was like a cloud-compelling Jove, ruling the tempests of thought, and by faith making serene the heaven of the soul. What might not have been expected in the CXI 1 1 future from such a man ? The thought that Sorrow is the nurse of Wisdom does not quite console the poet for the disappointed hopes of the world. " 'T is held that sorrow makes us wise ; Yet how much wisdom sleeps with thee Which not alone had guided me, But served the seasons that may rise." The " might-have-been " still looms up in glori- ous regret-bringing proportions before him. 1 See note on p. 99. The Friend's Worth. loi He sees his friend a pillar of state, the hero of his age, by his example and energy guiding humanity through tempest and shock of ration- ahsm and revolt to a loftier plane of life, with nobler issues. Here the poet clearly realizes the nature of the conflict in which the world is now engaged. It is a conflict between two powers of the soul, understanding and faith, or knowledge and wisdom. Faith or wisdom has to embody itself in an institution with symbolic observances, ere it can appeal to the mass of mankind. Such an institution, if it is not carefully watched, and its symbolism pre- vented from being taken for the thing sym- bolized, is sure to arrogate to itself divine authority and encroach upon the institutions of the understanding. In a word, the Church continually tends to encroach upon the State, in virtue of a pretended divine authority, and the State under this influence continually tends to claim authority by the grace of God. It was against these tendencies that Dante wrote his De Monarchia^ the first great political trea- tise of the modern world, and directed the bit- terest invectives of his Divine Comedy} It is these tendencies that in recent times have brought about Rationalism, that revolt of the understanding against the higher reason. In rebelling against the degenerate institutions of 1 See Parad., xxviii. 102 /;/ Memoriam. reason, the understanding has rebelled against reason itself, and so men have lost hold of the spiritual and the divine, and sought to content themselves with the material and the animal. This is the origin of the current philosophies, falsely so called, of our time, Comtism, Spen- cerism, and the rest, and of all the anarchic ideas, social and political, which daily crop up everywhere. Against these rationalistic and materialistic philosophies and their implica- tions, Tennyson, like Carlyle, has made a life- long protest, proclaiming that Faith or Wisdom is not to be confounded with the temporary in- stitutions which claim to embody it, but is to be embraced, hoarded, and tended, as man's supreme treasure, though all institutions should perish. It is the Christ that was and " the Christ that is to be," "the Saviour of life unto life." No one, the poet admits, would think of disparaging Knowledge, of railing against her beauty, or of setting lim- its to her progress in any region where she is fitted to go. But, in her revolt against Faith, she is like a vain, wanton boy that has just escaped from his mother's apron-string. She rushes heedlessly on " And leaps into the future chance, Submitting all things to desire." And so, to quote from Mrs. Browning's de- Knowledge and Wisdom. 103 scription of the French, the votaries of Know- ledge " threaten conflagration to the world, And rush with most unscrupulous logic on Impossible practice." ^ This must not be. Knowledge must learn her place, learn that " She is the second, not the first." ^ She cannot attain any of those truths that give value and meaning to life ; hence, unless life is to lose its aim, she, who is the child of the mind only, must consent to be guided by Wisdom, the child of the whole soul Higher and truer than any clear conclusion which the understanding can draw from the physical facts of Nature is the dim, half-formulated conclusion which the soul draws in response to its total experience physical and spiritual. And the poet, addressing his friend, prays : " I would the great world grew like thee, Who grewest not alone in power And knowledge, but by year and hour In reverence and in charity." 1 Aurora Leigh, Bk. VI. 2 Compare Prologue, vv. 5-8, and the poem, ** Love thou thy Land with Love far-brought." (v. 5.) CHAPTER XIV. (cxv-cxxiv.) The return of spriiig reawake?is hope, which soon ripens irito faith and confide7ice. Amid the new scenes into which the poet has moved the spring returns, and cxv this time enters even into his breast with its inspiring promise, making the deep regret planted there blossom like an April violet. But blossoming regret is not the only- flower in the sprinsj-garden of the CXVI poet's heart. Faith and hope blos- som too. The music, stir, and life of spring " Cry thro' the sense to hearten trust In that which made the world so fair." Regret for the " days of happy commune dead " is still there ; but it grows weak in proportion as faith waxes strong. The past, with all its rare, lost delights, fades, as the more glorious, spiritual future, with still rarer delights, looms up in the soul. In this mood he is CXVII ready to be grateful for the temporary separation from his friend, since it will only serve to make reunion more blissful. spring and Nature. 105 " O days and hours, your work is this, To hold me from my proper place, A little while from his embrace, For fuller gain of after bliss." Bliss is deepened by contrast with misery. Nature, when he last consulted her, in his dark mood (Iv., Ivi.), suggested only thoughts of despair ; now, in his brighter mood, he can draw from her sugges- tions of hope. Then he had only regarded the dead forms of Nature ; now, he contem- plates the whole of her living process, and finds that she is no feeble thing, but a " giant laboring in his youth." Human love and truth are part of that living process, and have no resemblance to the " earth and lime " of the fossil skeletons of extinct animals. The bearers of this love and truth, though they have left their dust behind them, and become to us invisible, we may trust, " Are breathers of an ampler day For ever nobler ends." The process of Nature is an endless develop- ment from lower to higher ; and this process accomplishes itself, not only in the race as a whole, but in the individual, if he will only take it up and realize it in himself : " If so he type this work of time " Within himself, from more to more." But this is no easy task, to be achieved by a io6 hi Memoriam, man who lies still like "idle ore." It demands one who is prepared to be as " iron dug from central gloom, And heated hot with burning fears, And dipt in baths of hissing tears, And batter'd with the shocks of doom " To shape and use." Such a man will " move his course " " crown'd with attributes of woe Like glories." And the poet calls upon men to " Arise and fly The reeling Faun, the sensual feast ; Move upward, working out the beast. And let the ape and tiger die." Man's salvation depends upon his becoming a microcosm, and realizing the whole universe and all the process of it within himself; for only the universal is eternal. " Our wills are ours, we know not how; Our wills are ours, to make them thine." i In this exalted frame of mind, he can now return with delight to the old home of his friend. 1 Prologue, V. 4. Compare Swinburne's lines : " Unto each man his handiwork, unto each his crown The just Fate gives; Whoso takes upon him the world's life, and his own lays down, He, dying so, lives." Super Flumina Babylonis. Conditions of Immortality. 107 " Not as one who weeps I come once more." He no longer finds " the long unlovely street " (vii.) ; no longer " ghastly thro' the drizzlmg rain On the bald street breaks the blank day." He can now "smell the meadow in the street," and feel all the charm of awakening nature j " And m my thoughts with scarce a sigh I take the pressure of thine hand." After much struggle with doubt born of sorrow, the poet has at last come cxx back to entire conviction of the truth of immortality. The law of justice revealed in his own soul proclaims the annihilation of that which has love and faith to be a moral absurdity. The materialistic philosophy of Locke and his followers, which rules our time and claims to be confirmed by science, is a cruel error based upon imperfect thinking. The spiritual is not a mere function of the material, a harmony of nerve-fibres. It is the true reality, to which the material is but a vision^ As Thomas Aquinas so well puts it, " The soul is not in the body as the contained, but as the container." ^ If science could prove 1 Stini. ThcoL, I. q. 52, art. i. Compare Carlyle's in- dignant protest : " Can the Earth, which is but dead and a vision, resist Spirits, which have reality and are alive ?"— ^^r/^r Resartus, Bk. III. chap. viii. io8 /;/ Mcmoriam. that we are "wholly brain, magnetic mock- eries," " cunning casts in clay," then what would be the use of science to such transient phantoms ? Such a thing may be good for apes ; but no man with the aspirations of a man would tolerate it. Death, which so fright- ens the timid soul, is but as the even- CXXI ing-star sinking below the horizon, to rise again with renewed vigor and freshness, as the morning-star, to usher in a new dawn. Hesper and Phosphor are the same star in different places. One is here reminded of Sappho's beautiful line, " Hesper, thou bringest all that the glimmering Dawn dispersed " ; ^ and of Plato's elegiacs, so exquisitely rendered by Shelley : " Thou wert the morning star among the living, Ere thy fair light had fled : — Now, having died, thou art as Hesperus, giving New splendor to the dead." ''^ The poet can now revert with faith to his trance (xcv.), which was "cancell'd, CXXII stricken thro' with doubt." He can believe that in that wonderful experience, wherein he became conscious of the all-pervad- 1 picrnepe, navra. 0epei? ocra (/)atVoAi? ecTKeSaa Avuii;. Frag. 95 (Bergk). - 2 'Ao-njp Trpii/ ixev eAa/ixTres evl ^u>OLCrii' 'EoJos, viiu Se 6av(ov ActjUTret? 'Ea-rrepos ev <^9ifxei/o.g. Epigr. IS (Bergk). Faith Restored. IC9 ing law of the universe, his soul was really wrapt round by that of his friend. If so, he begs him to come to him now, invading heart and head : " And enter in at breast and brow," so that, in the enthusiasm of a vernal faith, " as in the former flash of joy " (xcv. 9), he may rise above the phenomenal world of life and death, into the world of pure, eternal ideas, the souls and sources of all glory and all beauty. From that watch-tower of the angels he can look calmly upon the CXXIII. world of change, and defy its cruel suggestions. He was wrong in questioning Nature at all respecting the spirit's destiny. To her spirit means but breath ; " But in my spirit will I dwell, And dream my dream, and hold it true ; For tho' my lips may breathe adieu, I cannot think the thing farewell." At last he sees that the annihilation of a self- conscious spirit is utterly unthinkable. But it is not in nature or to the understanding that this is revealed ; it is in spirit and to CXXIV. faith. Nay, it is only there that God Himself is to be discovered. " I found Him not in world or sun, Or eagle's wing, or insect's eye ; Nor thro' the questions men may try, The petty cobwebs we have spun." no /;/ Memoriani. Nay, the understanding cannot even tell whether God is to be thought as " He, They, One," or " All," whether as '' within " or " with- out." In other words, it cannot decide be- tween Theism, Polytheism, Monotheism, and Pantheism,^ or tell us whether God is imma- nent or transcendent. It is in the heart that God is to be found. When the understanding says there is no God, or that God is beyond human apprehension, the heart rises up " like a man in wrath," — "no, like a child in doubt and fear," and answers : " ' I have felt,' " that is, I have had experience, which no bugbears of nature or subtleties of understanding can ever make me disown or discredit. The very rebellion of the heart against the head, of reason against understanding, is the work of the God within or present : " that blind clamor made me wise ; Then was I as a child that cries, But, crying, knows his father near ; " And what I am - beheld again "What is, and no man understands ; 1 Goethe, writing to Jacobi in 1813, says: "I, for my part, with the manifold tendencies of my nature, do not find one aspect of the divine enough. As a poet, I am a polytheist ; as an investigator of nature, I am a pantheist, and both in the same degree. If I require a personal God for my per sociality as a moral being, this also is provided for in my 77iental constitution.'''' - The earlier editions read ' seem ' for ' am ' here. Under standing and Reason. 1 1 1 And out of darkness came the hands That reach thro' nature, moulding men." The deep intuition which tells us that things are as they are (for example, that the will is free) is not to be shaken or undermined by the im- potence of the understanding to comprehend how or why they are as they are. Under- standing in all cases makes an appeal to the imagination, and within the jurisdiction of that the things of the spirit do not come. CHAPTER XV. (cxxv-cxxxi.) Faith, Hope, and Love all intact. The greatest is Love, without which Faith would be weak. Hope being now restored, the poet recog- nizes that, in all his dark surmisino^s, cxxv. he has never really lost her : " She did but look thro' dimmer eyes ; Or Love but play'd with gracious lies,i Because he felt so fix'd in truth." But whatever he may have said or sung was inspired by the spirit of the matchless friend, who, he now knows, will be with him until they embrace again on "the mystic deeps," on the deck of that great ship which steers across the ocean of eternity (ciii.). In all that he CXXVI has done, or yet does, Love has been his Lord and King,^ and, under the guardian- ^ Compare Dante's definition of allegory — "a truth hidden under a beautiful lie." [Feast, Tr. II. chap, i.) 2 Dante speaking of his first meeting with Beatrice, says : " From that time on I say that Love was Lord of my soul, which was thus early wedded to him, and he began to assume such assurance and such lordship over TJie Christian Graces intact. 1 1 3 ship of that king, he can sleep securely through the darkness of this flesh-blinded mortal life, "And hear at times a sentinel Who moves about from place to place, And whispers to the worlds of space, In the deep night, that all is well. " And all is well, tho' faith and form Be sunder'd in the night of fear." " We walk by faith, and not by form." The faith which belono^s to the reason has, CXXVII in these dark times of ours, been sun- dered from the form which belongs to the un- derstanding. Our hearts are at war with our heads. Our hearts imperiously demand justice and ultimate good for all ; our heads are puz- zled when we see injustice triumphing and thousands of our fellow beings, who have fought for justice, perishing in what seems a hopeless struggle. But it is only to our con- tracted vision that it seems hopeless. If we would but open the ears of Faith, we should hear " a deeper voice across the storm " of convulsion, proclaiming the ultimate triumph me, through the power which my imagination gave him, that I was obliged to do all his pleasure completely." N'eiv Life, chap. i. In many other places of this book Dante speaks of Love as his Lord. Compare Purgatoiy, xxiv. 52 sqq. " I am one who, when Love breathes, record, and in whatever mood He dictates in my heart, I signify." 114 In Mc7}ioriani. of truth and justice, no matter if three more French Revolutions, each bloodier than an- other, should have to be passed through first. True, the times look threatening for that order of things which produced the king and the beggar, the extremes of wealth and poverty. " The great ^on " of " social lies that warp us from the living truth," " sinks in blood, " And compass'd by the fires of Hell " ; but the glorified friend, who looks at the tu- mult from the heights of divine vision, smiles, '■'' knowing dXS. is well," not merely believing it. And so would each of us, if we could reach those heights. It would be hard to find a better commentary upon this passage than the closing words of Progress and Poverty : " Though Truth and Right seem often overborne, we may not see it all. How can we see it all ? . . . Shall we say that what passes from our sight passes into oblivion ? No ; not into oblivion. Far, far beyond our ken the eternal laws must hold their sway. "The hope that rises in the heart of all religions ! The poets have sung it, the seers have told it, and in its deepest pulses the heart of man throbs responsive to its truth. This that Plutarch said is what in all times Ultimate Triumph of yustice. 1 1 5 and in all tongues has been said by the pure- hearted and strong-sighted, who, standing, as it were, on the mountain-tops of thought and looking over the shadowy ocean, have beheld the loom of land : " ' Men's souls, encompass'd here with bod- ies and passions, have no communication with God, except what they can reach to in concep- tion only, by means of philosophy as a kind of obscure dream. But, when they are loosed from the body and removed into the unseen, invisible, impassible, and pure region, this God is then their leader and king ; they there, as it were, hanging on Him wholly, and beholding without weariness and passionately affecting that beauty which cannot be expressed or uttered by men.' " What, then, is it that reconciles Understand- ing: and Faith ? What has enabled CXXVIII. the poet to see the world of the Un- derstanding through the eyes of Faith 1 It is Love, Love strong enough to conquer Death, and dispel his phantoms. In conquering Death, Love has taken away the prestige of the Understanding, which proclaims Death as the Lord of all things, and has handed over the victory to its weaker brother, "the lesser faith." ^ And victory in one point is victory 1 But now abideth faith, hope, love, these three ; and the greatest of these is love. — i Corinth, xiii. 13. 1 1 6 In Memoriam. in all. Faith, thus enthroned, is able to see one consistent purpose in the universe. The epochs of history are not merely so many aim- less processions round the same weary race- course, so many variations of an old theme compounded of strife, delusion, schism, mum- mery, revolution, pedantry, and sentimentality.-^ If they were, they would deserve only scorn. But, says the faith-enlightened poet, " I see in part That all, as in some piece of art, Is toil cooperant to an end." This, then, if we may so speak, is the philo- sophical theory of I?i Mejnoriam. That higher insight which we call faith, and upon which we depend for the most vital truths, is feeble when dissociated from love. Only through love strong enough to burn away the last shred of passion and, becoming purely spirit- ual, to lay hold upon the eternal in its object can the power of the death-threatening under- standing be S"ubdued, and man become con- vinced that in the universe " all is well " for- ever, that his deepest and noblest aspirations will find satisfaction in eternity. It is through love that man rises to faith, and through faith that he rises to God, "from whom is every 1 One calls to mind here the saying of Herakleitos : " The .^on is a child playing at draughts : to a child belongs the sovereignty." (Frag., Ixxix. edit. By water.) Love, FaitJi, God. 1 1 7 good and perfect gift." This seems to be the last word of all the great philosophical poems of the world. It is the last word of that great drama, the philosophical system of Plato ; ^ it is the last word of Dante's Divine Comedy ;'^ it is the last word of Goethe's Faust ;^ yea, it is the last word of that great world-epic, the Christian religion, as embodied in its true dis- ciples.'* It follows that the greatest loss which can befall a human being is the loss of love. Strong in love-begotten faith, the poet now addresses his friend as an omnipres- CXXIX ent spirit, far off, yet near; known, yet unknown ; human, yet divine ; dead, yet immortal ; lost, yet eternally his — " Mine, mine forever, ever mine." He is now "loved deeplier, darklier understood," loved most when good is most clearly distinguished from evil. Like Dante's Beatrice, he has become a spiritual form for the divine itself, the form suited to the poet's particular need. " Behold, I dream a dream of good, And mingle all the world with thee." The divine loveliness takes as many forms as ^ See Lysis, Phaidros, Symposion, etc. 2 " Ma gi^ volgeva il mio disiro e '1 velle, Si come ruota che igualmente e mossa, L' Amor che muove il Sole e I'altre stelle." 3 " Das Ewig-Weibliche Zieht uns hinan." * He that loveth not knoweth not God ; for God is love. — I John iv. 8. Il8 Li Memo7'iam. there are hearts, and " he that loves not a brother whom he hath seen, cannot love God whom he hath not seen." The lost one, now realized as having as- cended from flesh to spirit,^ from cxxx . space and time to infinity and eter- nity, is recognized as a diffusive power in the whole of nature, — not understood, but felt and loved deeply, darkly. " My love involves the love before ; My love is vaster passion now ; Tho' mix'd with God and Nature thou, I seem to love thee more and more." '^ The poem closes with a prayer, than which there is nothing more nobly religious in all literature. It is addressed, not to any external God, but to the God within, to that " heaven-descended," " living Will," which is the essence of human personality, and which will endure " When all that seems shall suffer shock," ^ when the phenomenal world of sense shall be rolled up like a scroll. The poet calls upon it to rise, like a fountain, in the " spiritual rock," to "How thro' our deeds and make them pure," 1 Dante, Ptn-g., xxx. 127. 2 Compare Prologue, v. 10. " I trust he lives in thee, and there I find him worthier to be loved." 3 Compare the poem entitled Will. Love Spiriticalizcd. 119 so that we may be able to rise above the mechanical world of dust, into a moral world of spirit, there to enter into conscious rela- tions with the Infinite, the source of all life and action, and, through a faith born of self-con- trol, may trust "the truths that never can be proved," until, in boundless love, we embrace, and become one with, the Absolute Love. Then we shall see " internalized, By Love into a single volume bound, All that is outered in the universe." ^ Then all the powers of the spirit will be gathered into a " Light intellectual, filled full of love, Love of true good, filled full of joyfulness, A joyfulness transcending all things sweet." '-^ 1 Dante, Parad., xxxiii. 85 sqq. 2 Ibid., XXX. 40 sqq. This verse was a favorite with Arthur Hallam. See his Remains, p. 145. CHAPTER XVI. Epilogue. The New Life, full of Joy afid assurance. The Divine Process. Conclusion. The poet's moral world is now completely restored. He can act with assurance, as a man among men. He is happy. In this mood he celebrates the wedding of his sister Cecilia to Edmund Law Lushington, in a kind of Epithalamium, which forms an appropriate Epilogue to the poem. It is a picture of the New Life that has triumphed over death and doubt. Without it, the work would be incom- plete. In the marriage of his sister the poet sees revealed that world-process by which Love lifts man out of sense and passion into spiritu- ality and self-devotion — up to the measure of divine manhood, of which his friend was a type and an earnest. That friend now lives in God, who is life and love — " That God, which ever lives and loves, One God, one law, one element, And one far-off divine event, To which the whole creation moves." New Life. I2i Much might be said of these lines, which ex- press the poet's view of what is deepest in the universe. By speaking of God as "which," he piously refrains from attributing to him person- ahty in any form that would mean anything to us. No better commentary on this could be found than the following passage from Emer- son's diary : " I say that I cannot find, when I explore my own consciousness, any truth in saying that God is a person, but the reverse. I feel that there is some profanation in saying that he is personal. To represent him as an individual is to shut him out of my conscious- ness. He is then but a great man, such as the crowd worships. The natural motions of the soul are so much better than the voluntary ones that you will never do yourself justice in dispute. The thought is not then taken hold of ' by the right handle ' ; does not show itself proportioned and in its true bearings. It bears extorted, hoarse, and half witness. I have been led, yesterday, into a rambling ex- culpatory talk on theism. I say that here we feel at once that we have no language ; that words are only auxiliary and not adequate, are suggestions and not copies of our cogitation. I deny personality to God because it is too little, not too much. Life, personal life, is faint and cold to the energy of God. For Reason and Love and Beauty, or that which 122 In Menioriarn. is all these, — it is the life of life, the reason of reason, the love of love." -^ In speaking of God as Life, Law, Element, and End, the poet is a faithful disciple of Aristotle ; for these are neither more nor less than that philosopher's four grounds or causes (atrtat), without which nothing could exist at all. They are known familiarly as (i) the efficient cause, (2) the formal cause, (3) the material cause, and (4) the final cause. In the phenomenal world they are, or may be, sundered : in God they are united. The poet, moreover, follows his master in making life the fundamental cause. Aristotle says : " The energy of Mind ivovi) is life, and He is that energy. And self-energy is His best and eter- nal life. We say that God is living, eternal, best, so that life and an aeon, perpetual and eternal, belong to God. For this is God." * In this last verse of his poem the poet has taken a formal leave of the modern material- istic schools of thought dating from Locke, which deny the existence of teleology in the world, and has definitely ranged himself on the side of that spiritual philosophy which, since the days of Sokrates, has accompanied and inspired the march of civilization, point- ing out its goal. He stands with Sokrates, 1 Cabot's Memoh' of Ralph Waldo E',.ierson, p. 341. 2 Metaph., xii. 7 ; \0']2b 26 sqq. Conclusion. 123 Plato, Aristotle, Philo, Plotinus, Porphyry, Thomas, Bonaventura, Rosmini ; not with Locke, Hume, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Comte, Spencer. He holds that our life is from God to God, not from dirt to dirt, even though dirt be called Idea. But in one point, and it is a most essen- tial one, the poet goes beyond Aristotle, and includes in his God, yea, in the life of his God, an element which comes from Christian thought, and which is the fundamental char- acteristic of it — Love. The energy of the Christian god is not merely life ; it is also and especially love. "God is Love." He is a god " which ever lives and /o7'es:' It is this addition that has given Christianity all its force and enabled it to transform the world : this, and this alone. It was, indeed, a won- drous new insight which could recognize that the very energy of life itself is love, that Love governs the world; that that which does not love is dead, however it may be galvanized into a semblance of life. As the late Professor Green puts it : " As the primary Christian idea is that of a moral death unto life, as wrought for us and in us by God, so its realization, which is the evidence of its truth, lies in Christian love — a realization never complete, because forever embracing new matter, yet constantly gaining in fulness." ^ 1 T^.e Witness of God, Works, vol. iii. pp. 236 sq. 124 In Memo riant. It does not now seem difficult to sum up Tennyson's moral, life-shaping world-view : God is all in all, Life, Love, Law, Substance, End. As Love, He is self-diffusive,^ creating the world. Human love is a manifestation of the divine love, a portion of that eternal energy forever working itself into a unitary, yet manifold, blessed self-consciousness, which is the " one far-off divine event To which the whole creation moves." If we would be co-workers in this process, and share in its completion, we must, in self-sacri- ficing love, yield up our wills to the divine will. In such self-sacrifice and " self-control " Faith will grow till it sees God, whom Love will then embrace and absorb. Then the soul will feel and say to itself, " I and the Father are one." " We must each become first a man, then a god."^ Through will we become the one ; through love, the other. 1 St. Bonaventura says finely : " Bomim est diffiisrimm sui''^ (Good is self-diffusive). ^ TlpSiTov ovv 6.v0p()3-Kov 56? yeveadai, Tore Se 6e6v. Hierokles, Commentary to T/ie Golden Verses. INDEX TO IN MEMORIAM. INDEX TO IN MEMORIAM. Dde Stan. Ode Stan. age A. 73- 3- In endless rt:. ABIDE (z/^r^) AGONY 58. 3- yl . a little longer here "3- 5- With agonies, with en- 25. 4- A didmg- with me till I sail ergies AIR ABUSE 9- 3- no ruder a. perplex II. 6. he bore without a. 12. 33- 4- I. circle moaning in the a. reach'd a purer a. ABYSS 86. j_ ambrosial a. 76. 2. secular a. to come 89. 2. to all the liberal a. 89. 4. drink the cooler a. ACT (noun) 94- 3- like a cloudless a. 85- 10. How much of a. at lOI. 2. the humming a. human hands 116. 2. the stirring a. ACT {z>er5) 130. I. the rolling a. II. 3- who can always a. ALLOWANCE 51- 4. To make a. for us all ACTION 20. 3. shape His a. like the ALTAR-FIRE greater ape 41. I. the heavenward a. ADIEU ALTAR-STAIRS 57- 4- A. a. for evermore 55- 4- the great world's a. ANAKIM. 27. 4- .«0N the great ^. sinks in blood 103. 8. the thews of A. ANCHOR 103. S- At a. in the flood AFFECTION 8S- 19. My old a. of the tomb ANGEL 85. 20. My old a. of the tomb 44. 4- My guardian a. a. of the night 94. I. With what dixinea^ec- 69. 4' tions bold ANGLE AFTER-HEAT 89. 10. rub each other's angles down 81. 3- might have drawn from a. ANGUISH AFTER-MORN 19. 4- My deeper a. 03. I. left my a. content 56. 7- ANSWER {llOUti) What hope of a. AFTER-NOON 85. 4- A faithful a. 89. 7. in the all-golden a. 103. 13. An a. from my lips 126 hidex. ANSWER (z/fri5) ASH {0/ decay) 21. 3. Another atiswers "let 18. I. from his ashes him be " 34- I. dust and ashes 102. 4- The other answers ASSOCIATION APE lOI. 5- fresh a. blow ii8. 7- let the a. and tiger die ASSUMPTION 120. 3- action like the greater a. APPEAL 63. ^• its ass2anptio7is up to heaven 56- 2. makest thine a. to me AUTUMN 92. 1. spake and made a. APPLAUSE 85. 18 .<4. with a noise of rooks 51- 2. he for whose a. I strove APRIL 99- 3 A. laying here and there AVE 22. 2. From A.oxxXo A. went 57- 4- A. A. A. said 40. 2. Make A . of her tender 116. eyes in sweet A. wakes ARC 122. 2. AWE in placid a. 105. 7- your measured arcs ARCADY B. BABE 23- 6. many a flute of A. ARK 40. 7- And bring her <5. BABY 12. 2. leave this mortal a. ARM 45- I. The b. new to earth BACK 13- I. moves his doubtful arms 25. I. burden for the b. 21. S- reaches forth her arms 95- 4- Laid their dark arms BALL 95- 13- Laid their dark ar^ns III. I. grasps a golden ^. 102. 6. mix in one another's arvis BALLAD ARROW 89. 7- and flung A b. 87. 7- aim an a. fair BAND 101. 4- into silver arrmvs break 93- I. ever break the b. BANK ART 103. 6. bluff that made the 37- 4- owning but a little a. baulks 49. From a. from nature 107. I. purple-frosty b. 87. 6! on mind and a. 110. 4- the Christian «. BANQUET 128. 6. in some piece of a. 89. S. With b. in the distant woods ARTHUR 107. 2. To deck the b. 9- I. my lost A rth^tr's loved BAR remains 9. 5- My A. whom I shall 64. 2. his birth's invidious b. not see 87. 10. The b. of Michael An- 89. 2. My A. found your gelo shadows fair lOI. 3- many a sandy b. ASH {tree) BARENESS 100. 3- knoll of a. and haw 128. 5- make old b. picturesque Index. 127 17- Pro. 27. 118. 34- 114. BARK 1. within a helmless b. 3. like the unhappy d. 4. spare thee, sacred b. BARRICADE 2. pile her barricades BARRIER 4. to burst All barriers BASE 4. The bases of my life BASENESS 1. Is there no b. 2. b. of her lot BASTION 5. A looming b. BAT 3. bats went round BATH 6. bat/ts of hissing tears BB (verb) 3. He is not here 3. For all is dark I a7n so much more perchance art more wheresoever those may be BEACH breaking on the b. BEACON like a b. guards thee home BEAM A b. in darkness BEAR (verb) bore thee where I could not see BEARING the b. of a word BEAST I envy not the b. working out the b. BEAT (verb) makes me b. so low BEAUTY Fantastic b. rail Against her b. BECKON {verb) 14. 2. beckoning- unto those BECOME (verb) 40. 4. Becoming as is meet 67. I. 67. 3. 84. 12. 7. 2. 124. 6. 85. II. Ep. 31, Pro. I 28. 28. 28. 57- 104. 104. 106. 106. Ep. 86. 4- 98. I. When on my b. From off my b. will gather BEECH that b. brown BEGINNING beginjiirigs of content BEHOLD (verb) B. me, for I cannot sleep what I am beheld BEING His b. working strike his b. into bounds BELIEVE Believing where we cannot prove BELL rings the gateway b. I hear the b. The Christmas bells heard those bells again bells of Yule One set slow b. single peal of bells the bells I know Ring out, wild bells Ring, happy bells trembles to the bells BELT From b. to b. summer belts of wheat BIER with b. and pall BIRD birds the charming ser- pent draws Wild b. whose warble sea-blue b. of March voices of the birds love-language of the b. happy birds chirp of birds the wakeful b. 128 Index. BIRTH BLOW 64. 2. his birih^s invidious 64. 2. blows of circumstance bar 85- 95. 14. II. broke the (5. blows of death BITTERNESS 84. 12. The old ^. again BLUE BLAST 52. 3- the Syrian b. 72. I. blasts that blow the poplar JI5- 2. yonder living b. BLUFF 107. 2. The b. of North and East 103. 6. shadowing b. BOARD BLESSEDNESS 95- 2. on the b. the fluttering 32. 4- is there b. like theirs ? urn BLESSING 107. 4- Arrange the b. 17. 3. My b., like a line of BOAST light 40. 7- make her b. 36. I. We yield all b. BOAT 40. 2. crown 'd with b. 121. 2. The (5. is drawn BLINDNESS 121. 4- The market b. 93- 4- this b. of the frame BODY BLISS 12. S- where the b. sits 84. 85. 2. 23- diffusing b. in conclusive b. 35- 43- 2. the b. bows Bare of the b. 89. 6. Oh b. , when all in cir- BOLDNESS cle in- 4- licensed b. gather force 91. 3- unconjectured b. K; 2. gain of after b. so much of b. 105. 3- BOND the b. of dying use 116. 4- Than some strong b. BLOOD 2. 50. 4- I. fail from out my b. the b. creeps 4- I. BONDSMAN My will is b. 59- 2. wilt thou rule my b. BONE 84. 3- Thy b. my friend 2. I, wrapt about the bones 85. 5- My b. an even tenor 18. 2. the quiet bodies kept 39. 1. these buried bones 109. III. 3- I. years of April b. Bv b. a king book: 122. 3- 3- Till all my 3. Re-made the b. 77- 2. May bind a b. Ep. 79- 4- One lesson from one b. 89. 9- Discussed the books BLOOM 107 6. With books and music 72. 2. every living b. BOOTH 109. 3- in snowy b. BLOOM {verb) 98. 7- in b. and tent BOSOM 8. 6. it there may b. 17- 4. the b. of the stars 82. 3. Will b. to profit BOSOM-FRIEND BLOSSOM 59. 1. b. and half of life 101. I. tender b. flutter down BOUGH BLOSSOM {verb) 29. 3- while the holly boughs 115. 5- blossoms like the rest 69. 2. with thorny boitghs Index. 29 BOUGH {continued) BREAST {contitmed) 72. 6. with flying boughs 95- 3- woolly breasts lOI. I. the garden b. "5- 5- in my b. Spring wakens BOUND 122. 3- enter in at b. 87. 9- in the bounds of law BREATH BOW 3- '• sweet and bitter in a 3. 122. S- paints a <5. 20. 4- to draw the b. BOWER 68. I. times my b. 8. 2. from b. and hall 86. 3- feeds thy b. II. 3- 4. autumn bowers 95- 16. without a b. 76. 102. their branchy bozuers 98. 2. breathed his latest b. 4- among the bowers 99- 4- thy balmy b. Ep. 7. on its bridal ^. 120. I. have not wasted b. 122. 4- with a livelier b. BOWL 105. S- b. of wassail BOX 118. 2. BREATHER breathers of an ampler day 77- 2. may line a b. BREEZE BOY 17- I. b. Compell'd thy can- 28. S- controll'd me when a b. vas S3- I. among his boys 68. 2. the bugle breezes blew 62. 2. little more than b. 75- 3- the b. of song 84. 3- boys of thine 95- 14. b. began to tremble 87. 5- boys That crash'd the 122. 5- the b. of Fancy glass Ep. 16. Every wandering b. 122. 4- inconsiderate b. BRIDAL BOYHOOD 98. 4- The birth, the b. 102. 3- here thy b. sung BRAKE 99- 4- Memories of b. BRIDE 86. I. over b. and bloom 59- 2. lovely like a b. 107. 3- brakes and thorns 90. 4- their brides in other 5- 2. BRAIN unquiet heart and b. what possess'd my b. Ep. II. 18. hands give away the b. behold the b. 14. 4- 80. 3- picture in the b. BRIDGE. 92. I. canker of the b. 87. 3- paced the shores And 120. I. not wholly b. many a b. 121. 2. darkened in the b. BRINE BRANCH 10. 5- fathom-deep in b. '5- 4- barren branches loud 107. 4- on the rolling b. 84. 2. branches of thy blood BRING {verb) BREADTH 10. 3- So b. him 89. I. thy b. and height BREAKER 32. I. he that brought him back 71- 4- The b. breaking 56. 3- often brings but one BRINK II. 5- BREAST that noble b. _ 121. 4- hail it from the b. IS- 5- drags a laboring b. BROOD 85. 4- answer from the b. 21. 7. her b. is stol'n away 85- 29. another living b. 89. 5- the b. of cares 130 Index. BROOK 1 CAGE 8s. 18. swells the narrow brooks ' 27- I. born within the c. CALM 95- 2. b. alone far off ! yon swoirn b. The b. shall babble II. 2. C. and deep peace 99- lOI. 2. 3- w. 3- 4- C. and still light C. and deep peace BROTHER 1 II. 5- C. on the seas 9- 9- 4. the b. of my love 95- 2. c. that let the tapers 5- More than my bro- tJiers Ep. 4- burn colossal c. 31. 2. Where wert thou b. 1 CANKER 32. ss. 2. 3- living brotJiers face grieve Thy brethren 92. I. c. of the brain 79- I. More than my brotJiers CANVAS «6. 3- 111 brethren BROTHER-HANDS 17- '• Compeird thy c. CAPABILITY 85. 26. I clasping b. BROW 85. 3- My capabilities of love CAPE 37- I. with darken'd b. 95- 3- ermine capes 69. 2. to bind my brows 72. 6. thy burthen'd bro^vs CAPTIVE 74- 2. thy brows are cold 27- I. c. void of noble rage 79- 4- on kindred brows CARE 86. 91. 2. 2. fan my brows lucid round thy b. 8. 12. 4- 4- foster'd up with c. end of all my c. BRUTE 38. 3- c. for what is here Ep. 34- half-akin to b. 48. 2. Her c. is not to part the coming c. j_.p. 99. 3- BUD 105. 4- cares that petty shad- 83- 4- burst a frozen b. BUD {verb) ows cast CARRIER-BIRD 115. 5- buds and blossoms BULK 25. 2. light as carrier-birds CASE 70. 3- bttlks that tumble BURDEN 35- 5- to put An idle c. CAST 25- I. daily b. for the back BURTHEN 120. 2. cunning casts in clay CATARACT 13- 5- the b. that they bring 71- 4- c. flashing from the bridge 80. 3- the b. of the weeks 80. 3. turns his b. into gain CATTLE BUSH IS- 2. c. huddled on the lea 91. I. underneath the barren b. CAUSE BUZZING 29. T. compelling c. to grieve 89. 13- buzzi7igs of the honied hours 106. 4- slowly dying c. CELL 50- 3. weave their petty cells C. 95- 8. her inmost c. CABIN-WINDOW CELT 10. I the c. bright 109. 4- blind hysterics of the C. Index. 131 64. 103. 6. CENTRE c. of a world's desire In the c. stood CHAFF c. well meant for grain 8. 3- 23- 5- 92. 2. 114. 2. 28. 3- 41. 2. 81. I. 82. I. 85. 19. 89. 9- 90. 6. 91. 3- 93. 3- 95- 7- CHAIR 20 5. To see the vacant c. 21. 4. The chairs and throne 66. 4. beats his c. CHALICE 10. 4. c. of the grapes CHAMBER 8 2. chambers emptied of delight the c. and the street chambers of the blood CHANCE made appeal To chances the future c. CHANGE changes on the wind bound Thy changes mellower c. For changes wrought c. of light or gloom changes of the state Whatever c. the years hourly-mellowing c. tenfold-complicated c. defying c. To test his worth for c. of place what changes thou hast seen CHANGE {verb) 23. 3. changed from where it ran 30. 6. Nor change to us CHARACTER {verb) 6i. 2. How dimly character'' d CHARLATAN III. 6. Defamed by every c. 123. 69. 90. 109. 114. 124. 124. 35- I- 57- 2- 84. 5- 107. 6. CHEEK The cheeks drop in your cheeks are pale clap their cheeks CHEER With festal c. 34- 88. 78. CHEQUER-WORK 4. c. of beam and shade CHESTNUT 1. c. pattering to the ground CHILD 7. Poor c. that waitest 3. takes the childrett on his knee 4. They call'd me c. 2. find in c. and wife 5. the stranger's c. 5. the c. would twine 3. Half-grown, a c. 5. like the younger c. 5. like a c. in doubt 5. as a c. that cries CHILDHOOD 4. childhood's flaxen ring- let CHIMNEY 8. her father's c. glows CHIRP 2. hear a c. of birds CHOOSE {verb) 3. worth my while to c. CHORD flash along the chords CHRIST the birth of Christ raised up by Christ the birth of Christ Christ that is to be CHRISTMAS at C. did we weave CHRISTMAS-EVE keep our C. sadly fell our C. calmly fell our C. strangely falls our C. CHRYSALIS ruin'd c. CHURCH the dark c. single c. below the nill CHURL c. in spirit c. in spirit 132 Index, CIRCLE CLOUD 17- 2. circles of the bounding sky 4- 4- clouds of nameless trouble 30. 3- in a ^. hand in hand 15- 4- pore on yonder c. 45- c. of the breast 30. I. A rainy c. 61. i' c. of the wise 72. 6. clouds that drench 85. t. In c. round the blessed 85- 22. clouds of nature gate all in c. drawn 103. 14- a crimson ^. 89. 6. 106. The flying c. lOI. 6. c. of the hills CIRCLE {verb') it circles round 123. 2. Like t-/^7/r<;fj they shape themselves Ep. 21. Ep. 27- the streaming c. CLOUDLET 63. 3- CIRCUIT circuits of thine orbit CIRCUMSTANCE Ep. 24. little cloudlets on the grass CLOUD-TOWERS 64. 2. blows of c. CITY 70. 2. C. by ghostly masons wrought 98. 2. That C. CLOWN 119. '■ the c. sleeps CLAIM III. I. at heart a c. COBWEB 102. 5- prefers his separate c. CLAMOR 124. 2. The petty cobwebs 124. s- that blind c. CLASH 36. X. COIN made them current c. Ep. 16. c. and clang COLD 5- 3- clothes against the c. 84. 2. CLASP c. and kiss 61. 2. growth of c. and night COLDNESS 58. 2. CLAY their dying c. 106. 5- faithless c. of the times 93- I. claspt in c. COLOR 85. 22. CLEARNESS starry c. of the free 6. 43 116. 9- 2. I. her c. burns c. of the flower colors of the crescent 109. '■ critic c. of an eye CLIFF prime COME {verb) 12. 56. 2. leave the cliffs From scarped c. CLIMB (verb) 17 iS 2. 3- C. quick c. whatever loves to wee]") 51- 4. when we c. or fall 57 I. Peace, c. away CLIME 90 4- if they cajne who past away 85. 7- the blissful clitnes 90 6. but c. thou back to me 118. 4- branch'd from c. to c. CLOCK 95 10. ca77te on that which is COMFORT 2. 2. the c. Beats out 37 6. c. clasp'd in truth CLOTHES 109 5- his c. in thy face S- 3- coarsest c. against the cold Ep 33- COMMAND under whose c. is earth Index. 133 COMMERCE COUNTENANCE 85. 24 c. with the dead COMMON-PLACE 114. 2 her forward c. COURSE 6. I. common is the c. 109. 2 in its fiery c. COMMUNION 113- 4 roll it in another c. 94. I. c. with the dead ;;?: 3 S courses of the suns move his c. COMPANIONSHIP 128. the c. of human things 22, 4- broke our fair c. COURT COMPLAINT 89. 3 from brawling cottrts 81. 2. end is here to my c. COMRADE 126. 2 within his c. on earth COURIER '3- 3- c. of my choice 126. I- his couriers bring 128. c. of the lesser faith COURTSHIP CONCLUSION Ep. 25. how their c. grew 87. 9- To those coiiclusio'ns COVE CONFESS {verb) 79- 3. all his eddying coves 59- I. As I c. it needs must be COWARD 95- 8. doubts that drive the c. CONFUSION back Pro. II Confnsio7ts of a wasted youth CRAG 90. 5- C. worse than death CONSCIENCE 127. 3- the sustaining crags CREATION 27. 2. a c. never wakes 56. 4- Creation's final law 34- 2. Without a c. or an aim Ep. 36. the whole c. moves 94. 3. The c. as a sea at rest CREATURE CONTEMPLATE Pro. 10 Thy c. whom I found 84. I. When I c. all alone CONTENT 59- 3- the c. of my love CREDIT 84. 12. low beginnings of c. CONTINENT 71- 80. 2. 4- such c. with the soul His^. thus shall set me free 35- 3- dust of co7ttinentsio be CREED CONTRADICTION 36. 3- the c. of creeds 125. I. c. on the tongue 56. 4- shriek'd against his c. CONTROL 96. 3- in half the creeds 85. 9- equal-poised c. CONVERSE 128. 4- To cleave a c. CREEK 20. 5- open c. is there none lOI. 4- in c. and cove no. Thy c. drew us CRESCENT COKE 84. 107. 3. thyc. would have grown yon hard c. 107. 5- solid c. of heat CRICKET COUNSELLOR 95. 2. not a c. chirr'd 64. 6. play'd at counsellors CRIME sense of c. COUNT (verb) 27. 2. ^''■ 3- c. itself as blest 72. 5- some hideous c. Ep. 22. Nor c. me all to blame 85. 16. I count it c. 134 Index. CROWD DARK 70. 3. crmvds that stream 67. 2. bright in d. ambrosial d. 98. 7. lives in any c. 89. 4- 128. 4- To fool the c. CROWN Ep. 24. the^. From little cloud- lets 69. 2. like a civic c. DARKNESS 69. 3- a c. of thorns I. 3- Let d. keep her raven 69. 4- He look-d upon my c. gloss 127. 3. him that wears a c. 55- 4- That slope thro' d. 61. 2. blanch'd with d. CRY 74. 3. d. beautiful with thee Pro. II. wandering cries 76. 3- The d. of our planet 75- 3- To raise a c. 96. 5. Which makes the d. 102. I. our earliest c. 96. 98. 106. 6. in the d. and the cloud 113- 5- cries And undulations 4. A treble d. 131- 2. A c. above the con- 8. Ring out the d. quered years 124. 6. out of d. came CRYPT DART {verb) 58. 2. those cold crypts CUP 12. 5- forward d. again DAUGHTER Ep. 26. The crowning c. CURL Ep. 2. A d. of our house DAWN 66. 3- winds their curls 46. 2. In that deep d. CURSE 72- I. dim d. 6. 10. the c. Had fallen CURVE 95- 99. 16. I. said " The d. the rtT." dim d. 100. 4- thro' meadowy curves Pro. 5- DAY They have their d. CYCLE 7. 3- breaks the blank d. 105. 7- The closing c. 15- yonder dropping d. CYPRESS 17- 2. the days go by 84. 4 Made c. of her orange- flower 19. 24. 2. I. twice a d. the d. of my delight 24. I. source and fount of D. D. 25- I. the d. prepared 29. 4- a d. gone by DAISY 7fl- 8. the cheerful d. 72- 3 the d. close Her crim- 31- 2. those four rt'rt-j'j son fringes 33- 2. melodious days 44- I. forgets the days DANCE 44. 2. The days have vanish'd 29. 2 In d. and song 46. 3- Days order'd 78. 3 And d. and song 58. 2. beat from d. to d. 98. 8 the circled d. 60. 3- her narrow ^aj/.y T05. 6 No d. , no motion 60. 4- till the d. draws by Ep. 27 And last the d. 66. 4- inner d. can never die DANUBE 71- 3- The days that grow 19. 98. I 3 The D. to the Severn Let her great D. 72. 1^' 5- 7- D. mark'd as with some hideous crime disastrous d. DARE (verd) 75- 3- these fading days 4- 2 darest to enquire 83. 2. live with April days 85- 10 we d. to live or die 84. 3- the d. was drawing on 124. I which we d. invoke 84. 7- the happy days Index. 135 DAY {continued) DEATH {contimied) 85- II. my days decline 114. 3- the fear of d. 89. 8. livelong summer d. 120. I fought with D. 90. 4- yield them for a d. in the days behind their golden d. into boundless d. 128. I. when he met with D. 92. 94. 95- 2. 2. 16. 87. 6. DEBATE Where once we held d. 97- 4- The days she never can DECEMBER 99. J forget D. when I lost 97- 3- meetings made D. June 100. 5- reflects a kindlier d. DECK 102. 5- striven half the d. 9- 3- the dewy decks 104. 3- breathes of other days 103. II. there on d. 107. 107. 107. I. I. 6. d. when he was born d. that early sank We keep the d. 62. 2. DECLINE {verb) that once declined 116 4- days of happy commune DEED 117. I. days and hours 36. 3. perfect deeds 119 2. tliink of early days 55- 3- meaning in her deeds Ep. I. thy marriage d. 73. 3. human deeds Ep. 2. Since that dark d. 85. 2. tried in d. DEAD {adj.) 96. 3- pure in deeds 2 I. the underlying d. 131- Flow thro' our deeds 44 I. the happy V. DEEP 5' 1. desire the d. II. 5. the heaving d. a deeper d. 5' 3- The d. shall look 63- 4- 85 24. the d. would say 103. 10. to draw From ^. to d. 90 2. d. whose dving eyes 103. 14. slept along the d. 99 2. holy to theV. 123- There rolls the rf. 118 2. those we call the d. 124. 3- the Godless d. DEAREST 125. 4. the mystic deeps no 4- I, thy d., sat apart DEFECT DEARNESS 54. I. Defects of doubt 64 ■ 5- distant d. in the hill DELIGHT DEATH 29. 2. shower'd largess of ^. Pre ). 2. Thou madest D. 42. 3- what delights can equal • 3- To dance with d. 117. 2. Z). a hundredfold 20 • 4- that atmosphere of D. DEMAND {verb) 35 • 5- If D. were seen 31- i_ Was this dernatided 44 ■ 3- If D. so taste 45 • 4- second birth of D. DEMON 51 • 3- wisdom with great D. 114. 4- the brain Of Demons t 7A 2. I. • 3- I bring to d. Death's twin brother D. has made His dark- ness 85. 28. DEPLORE {verb) that cannot but d. DESCEND {verb) 8c I. holy D. ere Arthur died 93. 4- D. and touch 8 82 82 • 3- • 3- D. returns an answer feud with D. Nor blame I D. 66. 2 DESERT makes a d. in the mind 82 • 4- on D. I wreak DESIRE 9 ,. II The blows of D. 4- 2 fail from thy d. 10 5- 9 the d. of war 64 4 a world's d. TO i. 2 the wells of D. 80 I any vague d. 10 ?. 3 the depths of d. 84 5 their least d. 136 Index, DESIRE {continued) DOOR {continued) no. 5- the vague d. 36 2. lowly rf(7^r5 114. all things to ^. 69 I. trifles at the d. 117. 2. D. fif nearness 70 3- yawning doors 129. I. my lost d. 87 5- name was on the d. DESPAIR a calm (f. Can calm d. D. of Hope 103 119 I. I. From out the doors Doors where my he^rt II. 4- 121 2. listenest to the closingaf. 16. 84. I. 4- Ep 30. bridal doors DOORWAY DEW 44 1. doorways of his head II. 2. dews that drench 68. 2. fresh with d. DOUBT S3. 3- dash'd with fiery d. 41 5- spectral doubt 89. 5- in morning; d. 44 • 4- resolve the d. Ep. 25. at fall of d. 48 I. doubts and answers 48 2. slender shade of d. DEW-DROP 54- I- defects of d. 122. 5- every d. paints a bow 68 • 3- my dream resolve the^. 8. 6. DIE (verb) Or dyifig, there at least may fl^. to ^. with him 86 94 95 • 3- • 4- . 8. till D. and Death d. beside the portal doubts that drive 121. I, 95 96 . II. stricken through with d. d. is Devil-born DIFFERENCE 96 • 3- more faith in honest d. 40. 6. the d. I discern 96 • 4- He fought his doubts log . 2. doubts of man DIN 124 . I. our ghastliest d. 89. 2. d. and steam of town DOUBT {verb) 94. 4- the heart is full of d. 113 . 2. can I d. DISEASE 1 13 . 2. I d. not 106. 7- shapes of foul d. DOVE DISK 6 • 7- meek unconscious d. lOI. 2. her d. of seed 12 I. Lo, as a d. 103 4. then flew in a d. DISPUTE 84. 6. Of deep d. DOWN {of feathers) DISTANCE bl I in the d. I sink my head 38. I. purple from the d. dies DOWN {of country) 93- 3- d. of the abyss Ei: • 27. on the downs 11=;. 2. d. takes a lovelier hue Ep . 28. from yonder d. 117. 2. out of d. DRAGON DISTRESS 56. 6 . Dragons of the prime 78. 4- token of d. DRAUGHT DOCTRINE 6. 3 ere half thy d. 53- 3- held the d. sound DRAW (ly^'ri^) DOOM g. 2 So d. him home 72. 118. 2. 6. that reverse of d. shocks of d. DREAM 122. against my d. ID. 3 13. 4 we have idle dreams suffer in a (f. DOOR 4 7. 3 What vaster rt'. 7- I. Doors where my heart 54- 5 So "uns my d. 28. 2. as if a d. Were shut 5 5- 2 such evil dreams Index. 137 56. 64. 68. 89. 123. 129. 68. 107. 107. 83. 29. 37- 45- 67. 95- 95- Pro. 17- 21. 34- 35- 35- 55. 56. 71- 75- 80. DREAM (contintied) 6. a ^., A discord 5. as in a pensive d. 3. my d. resolve the doubt 9. some Socratic d. 3. dream my d. 3. a d. of good DREAM {verb) I. d. of thee as dead 3. rather d. that there DRIFT 4. in the drifts that pass DRINK {verb) 6. we Will d. to him DROP 4. balmy drops 1. fl?. by ^. the water falls DROPPING-WELLS 3. Laburnums, d. of fire DUE 4. their yearly d. 4. human love his dues 4. fruitless of their d. DUSK 2. in the d. of thee 3. d. is dipt in gray 3. That haunt the d. 13. the doubtful d. DUST 3. wilt not leave us in the -/>«^i- GARDEN 98. /. from / Is oftener parted 43- 3- Still g. of the souls 100. memory of my f. lOI. 5- the g. and the wild 102. with thy losty: GARDEN-WALK 114. 126. Of., who camest tidings of my f 102. 2. down the garden-walks 129. Dear/, far off GATE 129. Dear heavenlyy! 85. 6. the blessed g. 129. Strange/ 94. 4- listen at the gates Ep. 35- That/ of mine GATHER (verb) FRIENDSHIP 95- IS- gathering freshlier 85. 9- 0/ equal-poised GAZE 85. 16. half of such A/ 32. 2. her ardent g. 85. 20. / for the years to come GENERATION 85. 28. First love, first/ 40. 4- to knit The gemrai ions 119. 3- / of thine eye GENTLE {.adj. ) FRINGE Ep. ID. g., liberal-minded 72. 3. her crimson/r/;/^« GENTLEMAN FRITH in. 6. grand old name of g. Ep. 29. o'er ^^ friths GENTLENESS FRONT III. 3- The g. he seem'd to be 119. 2. the black/r^«/j GHOST solemn g. 85- 9- FROST 93- 4- My G. may feel 4- 3- shaken into/ GIANT 78. 81. 2. 3- sparkled keen with/ My sudden/ 118. '• g. laboring in his youth GIFT FRUIT 85. 12. gifts of grace 40. 5- bears immortal/ 8S- 3- take the imperfect g. g. of years before loS. 4- take what/ may be 97- 7- GIRL 64. 7- FURROW in the/ musing stands FURY 52. 60. 4- I. like an idle g. Like some poor g. GLADE so- 2. Life a F. slinging flame FURZE lOI. 6. lops the glades GLADNESS il. 2. dews that drench the/ 24. 3- former g. 30. 2. vain pretence Of g. G. 31- 3- A solemn g. 32. 3- Borne down by g. GAIN GLANCE 54- 3- subserves another's g. 84. 2. In g. and smile 117. I. g. of after bliss GLASS GALE 6. 9- havmg left the g. 2. 3- changest not in any g. '5- 3- plane of molten g. Index. 143 GLASS {continued) GOD {contintied) 87. s- boys That crashed the ^. 55- 2. Are God and nature 107. 4- brim the g. then at strife GLEAM 55- 4- darkness up to God 38. 2. 4. doubtful ^. of solace yonder greening g. 56. 73. 85. 4- 3- 5. trusted God was love It rests with God God^s finger touch'd GLEBE 87. 9- The God within him lOI. 6. His wonted g. III. 5. God and nature met GLOBE 130. 3- mix'd with God 84. 9- fail from off the g. Ep. 35- who lives in God 2. 3- GLOOM thousand years of g. Ep. Ep. 36. 36. God which ever lives One God one law 39- 3- g. is kindled at the tips GODS 43- I. intervital g. 93. 3- gods in unconjectured 70. i_ on the^. I strive bliss 86. I. gorgeous g. Of evening 96. 6. their gods of gold 95- 14. from out the distant g. GOLD 109. 122. 3- no ascetic g. burst the folded g. 96. 6. their gods of g. Ep. 30. With tender g. GLORY 106. 7- narrowing lust of g. GOOD 24. 4- will always win A g. 3- 4- as my natural g. 67. a g. on the walls 6. II. to me remains of g. 67. 3' mystic g. swims away 33- 3- quicker unto g. 69. 5. the g. of a hand 47- 3- each the other's^. 88. 3. g. of the sum of things 53- 4- Hold thou the g. 118. 5. of woe Like glories 54. I. trust that somehow g. trust that g. shall fall 121. I. a.g. done 54- 4- 84. 2. crown'd w ith g. I. 3. GLOSS keep her raven g. 106. 109. 6. 3. common love of g. amorous of the g. GLOW 128. 2. ye mysteries of g. 2. 3- not for thee the g. 129. 3- a dream of g. 12. 3- g. of southern skies GOSSAMER 84. I. thoughts on all the g. GO (z/eri?) II. 2. the silvery gossamers 12. 2. Like her I g. GOWN 20. 5- and he is gone 87. I. I wore the g. 123. 13- and g. with us GRACE. GOAL 8S- 12. gifts of g. 54- I. final g. of ill 109, 5- fused with female g. 72. 84. 114. 7- 6. dull g. of joyless gray the blessed^, earnest to thy g. GOD 41. 3- GRADE grades of life and light GRAIN Pro. I. Strong Son of God 53. 2. scarce had grown The^. 6. 4- praying God will save 65. I. g. shall not be spilt 10. 4- the grapes of God 81. 3. all ripeness to the g. 34- 3- What then were God 117. 3. every g. of sand 44. I. G^a? shut the doorways 51- 4- Ye watch like God GRANGE 54- 2. God hath made the pile 91. 3. the lonely g. 55- I. God within the soul 100. 2. No gray old g. 144 Index. 35- 6. t.p. 20. 21. I. 128. 5. Ep. 24. 122. Ep. GRAPE crush'd the g. The foaming g. GRASS grasses round me wave tuft with g. cloudlets on the g. wandering g. grasses of the g. weeping by his g. digs the g. the &?ixV graves of men I wrong the g. fail beyond the g. example from the g. Above more graves the g. Divide us not they pass the g. To-day the g. is bright GREATNESS thy g. to be guess'd what his g. is 64. I. 75- 4- 57- 4- Pro. ID. 4- 3- 24. 61. 75- 77- 78. 80. 85. 2. 85- 13- 85. 24. 105. 3- 106. 3. simple village g. perish'd in the g. GREETING greetittgs to the dead GRIEF Forgive my g. g. hath shaken into frost the g. I feel that large g. a calmer^, hush'd my deepest g. The lesser griefs other griefs within the haze of g. not the voice of g. measure of my^. page that tells A g. O g. CAwg. be changed g. my loss in him had wrought which is our common^, in my g. a strength g. with symbols play midmost heart of g. shall wayward g. Ring out the g. Ep. Ep. 6. 7 69. 3 84. 8 98. 8. 103. 2 103. 3 Ep. 29. 10. 28. GROUND to beat the g. here upon the g. beneath the g. new unhallow'd^. GROVE gird the windy g. GROW {verb) g. incorporate into thee But as he grows grown To something For thee she grejv GROWTH train To riper g. like g. of time GUARD his faithful g. GUIDE was g. to each GUIDE {verb) alone had guided m& GUESS {verb) I cannot^. GUEST expectation of a g. a welcome g. myself an honor'd g. A g. or happy sister Conjecture of a stiller^. GULF shudders at the gulfs g. that ever shuts GUST g. that round the gar- den flew H. HAIR ranging golden h. hoary hairs silver h. HALL Imperial halls dwelt within a h. h. with harp and carol The white-faced halls HAMLET kneeling h. vclces of four hamlets Index. 145 33- 36- 40. 55- 64. 69. 70. 72. 75- 89. 102. 105. 125. HAMMER 4. hear'st the village h. HAMMOCK-SHROUD 4. heavy-shotted h. I. 2. 3- 3- 7. I. 7. 2. 3- 3- 3- 3- 8. 5- 7- 5- 2. 5- 5- 80. 4- 84. II. 85. 10. 87. 5. 106. 8. 109. 5- 114. 5- 124. 6. 129. 2. Ep. 18. Ep. 33- Ep. 12. HAND reach a //. thro' time form with empty hands waiting for a h. k. that can be clasped letters unto trembling hands hands so often clasp'd warm hands have prest strike a sudden h. Come then, pure hajtds hands ■a.re. quicker With human hands have shaken hands stretch lame hands the labor of his hands the glory of a h. h. that points h. struck down hands are set to do Reach out dead hands the shining h. act at human hands clapping hands the kindlier h. twine A trustful h. higher h. must make pressure of thine h. out of darkness came the Juinds Sweet human h. to whom her h. I gave in her >^. Is Nature HARDIHOOD Sick for thy stubborn h. HARM all her life from h. HART sings To one clear h. my h. would prelude here she brought the h. with h. and carol rang Nor h. be touch'd notes my h. would give HASTE tho' I walk in h. HAUNT h. of fears 59. 2. 23. I. 39- 2. 44. I. 73- 2. 94. I. Ep. 13. Ep. 29. Ep. 21. Ep. 26. 19. I. 57- 3- 4. I. 4. 2. 5. 2. 6. 2. 7. I. 8. 5- II. 4. 25- 3. 27. 3- 37- 4- 42. I. 50- I. 58. 2. 62. 2. 63. I. 66. I. 79- I. 82. 4- 85. 9. HAVE {verb) wilt h. me wise HAZEL hazels tassel-hung HEAD while thy h. is bow'd bear the'/t. That sleeps cloak'd from h. to foot toward the dreamless h. the doorways of his h. I sink my h. h. hath miss'd sound in h. tablets round her h. every mountain h. HEALTH h. to bride and groom the double h. HEAR I h. it now cannot h. each other were fed to h. him myself have heard him HEARER wluch outran The h. HEARING in the h. of the wave till h. dies HEART with my h. I muse O h. , how fares it unquiet h. and brain but some h. did break my h. was used to beat O my forsaken h. in my h. if calm at all where h. on h. reposed falling on his faithful h. The darken'd h. melt the waxen hearts weary h. or limb. h. that never plighted an aching h. vex my h. with fancies the h. is sick the peace Of hearts On some unworthy h. no weight upon my h. my h. too far diseased not vex thee, noble h. gamers in my h. O h. with kindliest mo- tion 46 Index. 85. 27- 85- 29. 88. 2. 89. 6. 94. I. 94. 4- 95- 6. 97. 3. 97- 5- 106. 8. loS. 119. I. 124. 4- Ep. 21. 20 4. 30. I. 78. 1. 98. 5. 107. IC9. HEART {cotiihmed) with the virgin h. My h., tho' vvidow'd midmost h. of grief h. and ear were fed How pure at h. h. is full of din A hunger seized my h. hearts of old have beat slight her simple h. The larger h. not eat my h. alone my h. was used to beat the h. Stood up And hearts diXQ warm'd HEART-AFFLUENCE I. H. in discursive talk HEARTH by the h. the children round the Christmas h. round the Christmas A. By each cold h. HEAT outliving heats of youth winking thro' the h. solid core of h. not the schoolboy h. tracts of fluent h. 16. 3- 33- 2. 40. 5. 63. I. 76. I. 90. I. 108. 2. 122. I. Ep. 27. 23. 6. 47- 4- 63. 3- 90. 4. 53- 4- 127. 5- 118. Sleep, gentle heavens bear thro' H. a tale of woe shadow of a h. Her early H. energies of h. assumptions up to h. starry heavens of space Where nighest h. heaven's highest height the eternal Heavens in h. the steaming cloud HEIGHT On Argive heights last and sharpest h. higher h. a deeper deep HEIR The hard h. HELL the Lords of H. the fires of H. HERALD h. of a higher race 35- 56. 72. 79- 84. 89. 98. 100. lOI. 123- 33- 44. 103. 28. 14- 40. 102. HERB 6. bruised the h. I. the h. was dry HERN 4. haunts of h. and crake HESPER 1. H. o'er the buried sun HESPER-PHOSPHOR 5. Sweet H. , double name HILL 2. a silence in the hills 3. the la\dsh hills 1. bells from h. to h. 3. .Ionian hills 5. the iron hills 4. Along the hills 2. h. and wood 7. below the golden hills 8. the bounding h. I. those fair hills 1. I climb the h. 6. circle of the hills 2. The hills are shadows HINT 5. No h. of death 2. with shadow 'd h. con- fuse 2. a mystic h. HISTORY 9. one would chant the h. HOLD 4. my h. on life HOLD {verb) 4. I -^. it true HOLLY I. did we weave The h. I. did we weave The h. I. h. by the cottage-eave HOLY LAND II. He that died in //. HOME 1. gone and far from A. 3. a thousand things of h. 2. her latest leave of h. 2. ere we go from h. HOODMAN-BLIND 3. dance and song and h. HOPE 3. descended following /(^. Index. H7 125 128 6. 63- Ep. 35- 39- 40. 43- 46. 46. 51- 72. 84. 85 27. 94. I. 102. 4. 104. 2. 105- 3- 111. 4. 112. 3. 126. I. 128. 3- Ep. 17. Ep. iS. 7. 1. 29. 3. 31- 3- 35- I- HOPE {contijiued) . when f/. was born nor is there A. in dust . hopes and Hght regrets A^/^j and fears trust the larger /t. What k. of answer A. for years to come What A. is here /;. of richer store whose hopes were dim The mighty hopes , h. of unaccomplish'd years h. could never hope . H. had never lost , fly with h. and fear HORSE , falling from his A. pity for a h. o'erdriven white-favor'd horses my A. has part HOUR the victor Aottrs at that last h. I have been an A. away Is this an A. but for one h. O Love the golden A. the widow'd h. the sliding /;. the growing A. holers of still increase. the rolling Aoiirs the dolorous A. remorseless iron A. bounteous Aours the golden hours an hoztr^s communion in after hours at this A. of rest abuse The genial A. office of the social A. from A. to /z. every h. his couriers Wild Hours that fly ^. and happier hours happy A. HOUSE dark h. portals of the A. From every A. from the narrov/ h. 36. 60. 84. 95- 97- 108. 107. 127. 85. 102. 94- 3- HOUSE {continued) 4. Or builds the A. 3. In that dark A. 3. one Of mine own A. 5. in the A. light after light 8. matters of the A. HOWLING 4. hoivlbigs from forgotten fields HUE 1. the hues are faint 2. takes a lovelier A. HUNGER 6. A A. seized my heart HYMN 3. chanting Ayinns HYSTERICS 4. blind A. of the Celt I. ICE 2. /. Makes daggers 3. The spires of i. IDEAL 3. that i. which he bears ILL ■;. suffer'd countless ills IMAGE /. comforting the mind one pure /. of regret IMAGINATION Irnagi7tations calm The strong i. roll INCREASE 46. 3- hours of still t. INDIFFERENCE 26. 3- the /. to be INFANT 54. 54- 5- 5- /. crying in the nijght /. crying for the light INFLUENCE 49. I. random influences INSECT 124. 2. insect's eye INSUFFICIENCY 112. I. glorious insufficiencies 148 Index, 8s. 12. 95. 12. 109. 2. 113. 2, 85. 6. 103. 6. 98. 3. 45- 96. Ep. INTELLECT All-subtilizing /. ev'n for /. to reach Seraphic /. keen In /. INTELLIGENCE great Intelligences fair INTEREST far off i. of tears IRIS under ranks Of /. IRON /. dug from central gloom ISLE wandering isles Enwind her isles ISOLATION His /. grows defined ISRAEL /. made their gods " I-WILL " her sweet " /." J- JAR 94. 4. hear the household y. JAW 34. 4. Jaws Of vacant dark- ness 66. 84. I JEST J. among h^s friends graceful/. 38. 2. JOY No/, the blowing sea- 40. 88. 89. 22. 3- 2. 4. 4- son gives Joys the father move clasps a secret/. Ohy. to him the former flash of /. 96. 4- JUDGMENT make his/, blind 3. Thy sliding k. I. noise about thv k. 23. 26. 64. "7- 3- Ep. 23. 79. 4. Ep. 12. 6. 35- 47- 59- 60. 85. 96. 99. no. 129. 2. Pro. 6. Pro. 7. 16. 4. 85. 7. 114. I. Ep. 33- KEY keys of all the creeds waiting with the keys clutch the golden keys KIND kindly with my k. are one in k. What k. of hfe shut me from my k. KINDRED Thy k. with the great KINE The white k. glimmer'd The white k. glimmer'd KING the blaze of kings By blood a k. my Lord and K. my K. and Lord KISS k. of toothed wheels KISS {z'erb) Farewell, we k. KNEE At one dear k. danced her on my k. KNOLL reveal'd The knolls KNOW {verb) Ye k. no more than I to k. that I shall die I shall k. him howsoe'er I k. thee she kno^i^us not what could better k. than I I k. not ; one indeed I kjicw They k. me not and he knew not why A 7WMn and tinktiown KNOWLEDGE k. is of things we see Let k. grow from more to more my k. of myself k. that the sons of flesh Who loves not K. shall look On k. Index. 149 L. LABOR 64. 7. reaps the /. of his hands 84. 7. thy prosperous /. fills 87. 6. /. and the changing mart LABORER loi. 6. year by year the /. tills LABURNUM 83. 3. Laburnums dropping- wells of fire LABYRINTH 97. 6. the /. of the mind LADING 25. 3. The /. of a single pain LAKE 16. 2. than some dead /. LAMP 98. 7. all is gay with lamps LANCE 49. I. many a shiver'd /. LAND 10. 2. from foreign latids 14. I. hadst touch'd the /. violet of his native /. lands where not a leaf sweep the winter /. in undiscover'd lands guided thro' the /. strides about their lands from the native /. In lands where not a memory strays their lives From I. to /. the solid lands LANDING-PLACE 4. Some /., to clasp LAND-MARK 3. Nor /. breathes LANDSCAPE 2. eternal /. of the past 4. The /. winking 1. Of all the/, underneath 5. year by year the /. grow LANE 2. /. of early dawn LANGUAGE 2. use in measured /. lies 5. no /. but a cry 18. I 23- 3 30. 3- 40. 8. 66. 3- 90. 4- 93- I 04. 3. 15- 5 23- 2. 104. 16. 68. 115- 70. 37- 33- 48. 73- 85. 87. 89. 15- 23- 43- 69. 75- 88. 95- 95- 98. Ep. LARCH plumelets tuft the /. LARK the shadow of a /. /. had left the lea /. a sightless song LATTICE thro' a /. on the soul LAUREL hear thy /. whisper LAW holding by the /. within serves a wholesome /. that errs from /. loyal unto kindly laws in the bounds of I. purlieus of the /. her motion one with /. LAWN the floor Of this flat /. we linger'd on the /. lights on /. and lea LAY these brief lays trust a larger /. deepest lays are dumb LAY (verb) And laid them LAZAR the /. in his rags LAZARUS L. left his charnel-cave LEA his native /. LEAF thro' the faded /. leaves that redden The last red /. not a /. was dumb many a figured /. seem'd to touch it into /. Thy /. has perish'd the darkening /. those fall'n leaves leaves of the sycamore brown Of Xxxsiier leaves The dead /. trembles LEAGUE 4. leagues of odor ISO Index, 40. 58. 59- 100. 103. 114. 37- 84. 62. 70. 59- 79- 98. 67. 84. 95- LEARN {verb) And when they learnt LEAVE latest /. of home take a nobler /. /. at times to play LEAVE {verb) leaving these to pass wilt thou /. us now leavi?ig me behind LEDCE ledges of the hill LEGACY legacies of thought LEGEND fading /. of the past LENGTH lazy lengtJis LESSEN {verb) Nor will it /. LESSON One /. from one book LETHE wisp that gleams On L. LETTER letters unto trembling hands letters of thy name flowery walk Of letters letters of the dead LEVER /. to uplift the earth 27. 2. LICENSE His /. in the field of time LIE 2=;. 128. 2. 4- play'd with gracious lies with glorious lies LIFE Pro. 2. 6. 7- 10. 2. 3- 3- 2. Thou madest L. little lives of men Hath stili'd the /. the noise of /. a vanish'd /. 13- 14. iS. 25- 3- 4- 4- a /. removed how my /. had droop'd the /. that almost dies I know that this wasZ. 26. 3- In more of /. true /. 28. 32. 32. 33- 34- 34- 41. 46. 52. 53- 54- 55- 55' 56- 56. 57- 66. 80. 82. 82. 84. 84. 85. 85. 85. 85. 86. 90. 95- 97- 105. 113- IIS- 116. 75- LIFE {continued) 4. my hold on /. 2. rest upon the Z. indeed 4. blest whose lives 2. /. that leads melodious days I. My own dim /. 1. /. shall live for ever- more 5. /. that bears immortal fruit 6. evermore a /. behind 1 . Lest /. should fail 4. /. is dash'd with flecks 3. /. outliving heats 2. /. shall be destroy'd 1. No /. may fail 2. careless of the single /. 2. I bring to /. 7. O /. as futile, then 2. my /. I leave behind 2. my /. was crost 2. grief as deep as I. I. no lower /. 4. our lives so far apart 1. /. that bad been thine 3. link thy /. with one 2. What kind of /. 8. Whose /. whose thoughts 12. A /. that all the Muses deck'd 24. pining /. be fancy-fed 3. The full new /. 2. resume their /. 16. like /. and death 5. Her /. is lone 4. lives are chiefly proved 3. A /. in civic action 4. that live their lives 2. /. re-orient out of dust 5. /. is not as idle ore 2. /. is darken'd 4. thoughts of /. 9. her /. was yet in bud 12. shielded all her /. 13. living words of /. 19. the light of /. increased 32. /. of lower phase LIFETIME 3. half the /. of an oak Pro. Pro. broken lights of Thee to bear thy /. all the magic /. thr"^' early /. Index. 51 9- 4- 17- 3- 22,- 4- 30. 8. 47- 4- 49- I. 50- I. 62. 3- 85. 19- 91. 4- 95- 5- 95- [06. 16. US- 3- [21. 3- 74- 74- 95- 25- 103. 87. 64. 6. 40. 41. Ep. J- 18. 4- 22. 39- 48. 84. 19. 23. LIGHT {continued) Sphere all your lights like a line of /. /. from fancy caught light The /. that shone lose ourselves in /• /. in many a shiver'd lance when my /. is low in the /. of deeper eyes change of /. or gloom like a finer /. in /. /. after /. Went out Mixt their dim lights the frosty /. lights on lawn and lea comes the greater /. LIGHTNING wizard lightnijtgs LIKENESS A /. hardly seen before /. to the wise below LILY The lilies to and fro LIMB heart or /. wax'd in every /. LIME {tree) long walk of limes LIME {7nineral) Nature's earth and /. LIMIT I. of his narrower fate LINK A /. among the days I have lost the li7iks close /. Betwixt us LINNET as the linnets sing /. born within the cage hears the latest /. trill LIP from thy lying /. breathing thro' his lips murmur on thy /. from thy lying lips loosens from the /. fills The lips of men ihy lips are bland lips may breathe adieu 21. 7. 107. 5. 109. 2. 26. I. 10. 3. 18. 5- 49- 3- 69. 4. Ep. 8. Pro. 5. Pro. 9. 6. 10. 42. 2. 53- 4- 55- 5- 112. 2. 126. I. 126. 2. 92. 103. Pro. I. 6. LITTLE-ONE little-ones have ranged LOG Bring in great logs LOGIC Impassion'd /. LONG {verb) for I /. to prove LOOK This /. of quiet Tieasuring the /. look thy /. the /. was bright they meet thy /. LOOK {verb) To /. on her that loves looking back to whence Dost thou /. back I look'd on these He looks so cold And how she look'd LORD Thou, O Z. art more not from man, O L. her future L. I. of large experience to the Lords oi Hell I feel is Lord of all lesser lords of doom Love is and was my L. my King and L. LOSE {verb) which thou hast lost I shall not /. thee LOSS in /. a gain to match to be drunk with /. L. is common That /. is common a /. for ever new ere our fatal /. To breathe my /. LOT where our lots are cast Bewail'd their /. LOVE immortal L. Let L. clasp grief long result of /. waitest for thy /. 152 Index. LOVE {^continued) LOVE {verb) 9- 3- our pure /. 27- 4- to have loved and k st 25- 2. needed help of L. 42. 3- loves but knows not 25. 3- mighty L . would cleave 52- I. I cannot /. thee as I 32. 2. one deep /. ought 32. 4- loves in higher /. en- 85- I. to have loved and lost dure 85. 1. never to have loved 35- 2. for one hour, O L. 89. 10. he loved to rail 33- 4- L. would answer 97- 5- He loves her yet 35- S- L. had not been 97- 7- she loves him more 37- 4- human /. his dues no. 4- And loved them more 43- 4- /. will last 129. loved the most 46. 4- Z., thy province 129. 3- to be Z£>z/^^deeplier 47- 3- L. on earth 130. 2. therefore /. thee less SI- S'- 52- 2. I be lessen'd in his /. 3- Shall I. be blamed /. reflects the thing 102. 3- LOVE-LANGUAGH low /. of the bird 52- 2. Spirit of true /. LOVELINESS 59- 62. 3- I. creature of my /. my /. an idle tale 36. 3. In I. of perfect deeds 65. I. Love''?, too precious LOVER 77- 4- /. more sweet than 8. I. A happy /. It. I. praise the costliest I. in fee LOWER {adj.) a /. and a higher I. My /. shall now no fur- 129. I. ther range LOWING 81. I. now is /. mature in 99- I. loavmgs of the herds 81. 2. ear L. then had hope LOWNESS 84- 10. link'd with thine in /. 24- 3- /. of the present state 85- 3- whether /. for him LOYAL-HEARTED {adj.) 85- ^5- ,1: My capabilities of /. I woo your /. no. 2. On thee the /. hung 85. 25. /. with I. LYRE 85. 26. with /. as true 96. 2. touch 'd a jarring /. f-s- 27. First I. first friendship 85- 29. rest Quite in the /. M. c,o. He tasted /. 95- 7- love''s dumb cry My /. has tall-.'d MAIDEN 97- 40. I_ As on a ni. in the day 97- 4- /. has never past away 77- 2. to curl a maide7i^s locks 102. 2. spirits of a diverse /. 103. 2. maidens with me 106. 6. the /. of truth and right 103. 7- maidens gathered 106. 6. the common /. of good strength 110. 5- the /. that will not tire 103. 12. viaidens v.'ith one mind 112. 2. room Of all my /. Ep. 17- maidens of the place 114. 118. 3- I. cut from /. and faith human I. and truth MAIDENHOOD perpetual w. 125. 2. or L. but play'd 6. II. 126. I. L. is and was my Lord MAIN 12^. 128. 2. I. L. is and was my King /. that rose II. 3- the bounding w. 130. 3. I. involves the /. be- MAKE {verb) fore Pro. 3- Thou hast made him 130. 3- My /. is vaster passion 42. that made me dream Ep. 3- yet is /. not less 62. I. could m. thee some- Ep. 5- but /. is more what blench Index. 153 MAKE {verb) {continued) 68. 3. Which makes me sad 102. 4. tnade them trebly dear Pro. 2. Pro. 3- Pro. 9. 10. 2. 13- 3 14- 3 16. 5 21. 2 22. 3- 35- I. 43- 3- 43- I. 45- 4 48. 50. 3- 56. 3. 61. 3- 64. I. 71- 3- 74- I. 77- 3- 84. 7 85- 15- 89. 95. 9. 98. 5- 99. I. 103. II. 103. II. 106. 8. 109. 2. no. I. 114. I 118. 3. M.\N Thou madest life in m. Thou madest m. lives from ;«. to in. men may rise on step- ping-stones ;«. that loved and lost the little lives of men travell'd meft human-hearted m.. The ;«. I held as half- divine that delirious m. waxen hearts of men the Shadow/ fear'd of m. voice that m. could trust nothing lost to ;;;. the in. is more and more had m. to learn himself such as men might scorn inen the flies of latter spring A sober m. among his boys grain by which a ni. may live M. her last work first form was made a m. some divinely gifted m. Of 7nen and minds in a diad fnan''s face A m. upon a stall shall find The lips of men mighty hopes that made U5 men picturesque of jn. and m. m. whose thought would hold The daad m. touched me from the past at the heels of men the flower of men Th^ m. we loved thrice as large as m. Ring in the valiant m. the doubts of m. men of rathe and riper years May she mix With men at the last arose the m. MAN {coiitintied) 120. 3. Let him, the wiser tn. 124. 4. like a ;«. in wrath 124. 6. no 7n. understands 124. 6. moulding men Ep. 32. Result in vi. Ep. 35. m. that with me trod MANHOOD Pro. 4. The highest, holiest m. 36. I. Tho' truths in ;«. dark- ly join 53. I. Who wears his m. 109. 5. m. fused with female grace MANNER 106. 4. sweeter jnanuers III. 4. To noh\& vtanners MANTLE 22. 4, spread his tn. dark and cold MAPLE loi. I. This m. burn itself away MARBLE 67. 2. Thy ;«. bright in dark MARCH gi. I. the sea blue bird of M. MARGE 12. 3. weeping on the in. 46. 2. m. to m. shall bloom 46. 4. warmth from ;«. to tn. MARK 53. 4. push beyond her m. 87. 8. he Would cleave the ;«. MARRIAGE-LAY Ep. I. Demand not thou a m. MARY 31. I. home to Mary's house MASK 18. 3. wears the 7n. of sleep 70. I. hollow masks of night 105. 3. m. and mime MAST 9. 2. Ruffle thy mirror'd m. MASTER 20. I . Where lies the w. 37. 6. in the master^s field MASTER-BOWMAN 87. 8. And last the m. 54 Index. 41- 5- 64. 6. 62. 3- 97- 97- 115. I. 103. 6. 99. 2. 119. I. 55- 3- 48. 3- 75. I. 8. 3- 23. 5- 24. 2. 85. 25. 38. 2. 37- 3- 45- 3- 90. 3. 92. 2. 94- 3- 95. 12. 99. 4. 100. I. loi. 6. 104. 3. III. 3. Ep. 20. MASTERDOM Contend for loving ni. MATE be thy in. no more that was his earliest in. MATTER m. for a flying smile matters dark and deep matters of the house MAY from M. to M. With fifty Mays MAZE every ;«. of quick MEAD many a level ;«. MEADOW meadows breathing of the past the in. in the street MEANING secret in. in her deeds MEASURE m. from the chords the in. of my grief MEET (verb) we two were wont to m. all we met was fair good and fair we met MEETING prove A m. somewhere MELODY melodies of spring MELPOMENE my M. replies MEMORY clear m. may begin memories half divine I hear a wind Of m. m. like a cloudless air to reach Thro' m. Memories of bridal m. of my friend year by year our m. where not a m. strays thousand memories ca[\ my drooping M. MERCHANT merchant's bales Pro. 64. 12. 85- 87. 41. loS. Pro. 3- 129. 106. 85. 113- 128. 28. 67. 104. 123- MERIT in. lives from man to man by force his in. known MESSAGE dolorous in. knit below this in. falls ;iCHAEL ANGELO The bar of M. MIGHT wing my will with m. yearning, tho' with in. MILK m. that bubbled MILL yonder social in. MIND m. and soul according threshold of the m. nerves without a in. forms the firmer in. the fulness from the m. thought her m. admits with an upward in. the in. and will to a separate m. to wed an equal m. a desert in the in. a long-forgotten m. forms in either in. comforting the m. in. and art and labor growth of noble m. she is earthly of the tn. MINE (pronowi) M.i in. forever, ever in. MINSTREL ring the fuller in. in MINT nature's in. MISS {verb) that miss'^d her most MISSION Her lavish m. A soul on highest m. If this weve all your w. MIST each other in the m. I know the m. is drawn folded in the in. They melt like in. Index. 155 59- I. 35- 3- Pro. 8, 120. I. 106. 4. 76. I. 56. 6. MISTRESS No casual m. MOANING moajtings of the home- less sea MOCK {verb) We 7n. thee MOCKERY Magnetic fnockeries MODE the nobler modes MOMENT in a ;«. set thy face MONSTER A ;«. then, a dream MONTH 8S- 92. 17- 3- all-assuming months tho' the months MOOD 20. 27- 35- 48. 3. I. 6. 2. 2. 8. My lighter moods envy not in any moods sluggish moods harsher moods remit harsher moods aside in livelier moods MOON 21. 26. 28. 5- I. I. secret from the latest ;«. No lapse of moo>is The ;«. is hid 77- 2. moons shall wane 83. 89. 2. 7- the summer moons to the brightening m. lOI. 104. Ep. Ep. 4- I. 7- 28. The sailing w. The w. is hid glowing like the ;«. rise, ;«. MOONLIGHT 67. 67. I. 3- on my bed the tn. falls off my bed the w. dies 84. 8. Ep. 15. MORASS m. and whispering reed MORN Calm is the m. Rise, happy tn. rise holy jn. promise of a m. as fair symbols of a joyful 711. MORNING 4. with ?«. wakes the will 2. Never /«. wore 2. creep At earliest m. MOSS II. lying couch'd in m. MOTH 3. m. with vain desire MOTHER 4. O ;«. praying 5. Dear as the m. 3. on the mother^s face 4. mothers of the flock MOTION 3. all thy motions 4. muffled tnotions 3. vaster motions 9. kindliest >«. warm 2. In all her ;«. MOULDERING 2. the ;«. of a yew MOUNTAIN-GROUND 1. misty m. MOVE {verb) 4. jHoving- up from high MURMUR 4. dull'd the ;^2. on thy lip 3. m. of a happy Pan 2. A single ;; breast MURMUR {verb) 6. I murmur'd, as I came the MUSE 37- 4- an earthly M. 58. 3- The high M. answer'd 85. 12. all the Muses deck'd 109. I. all the imeses'' walk MUSE {verb) 6. 5- tmised on all I had 116. 3- while I ;«. alone MUSIC Pro. 7- make one m. as before 3. 3. all the m. in her tone 56. 6. Were mellow m. 70. 4- a wizard ;«. 77- 4- Shall ring with m. 87. 9- m. in the bounds of law 95- II. .Ionian m. 156 Index. MUSIC {continued) 96. 3. 103. 14. Ep. I. 37- 128. 36. 59- 65. 67. 87. Ep. he beat his m. out A m. out of sheet ;«. more than any song MYRIAD unto myriads more MYSTERY thy prevailing mysteries O ye viysteries of good N. NAME Among familiar names all blessing to the n. tell what n. were thine the flames of friends the letters of thy n. n. was on the door sign your names 3- 3- 5- I 41. 4 54- I 56. 4 69. I 72. 5 73- 2 79- 2 83. I 85. 22 109. 3 NARCOTIC dull narcotics NARROWNESS Nor ever n. or spite NATURE all the phantom, N. like N. , half reveal tho' my 71. rarely yields pangs of n. Tho' N. , red in tooth Natjire'^s ancient power cancell'd 7iat7ire's best I curse not «. like in nature's mint expectant n. wrong Can clouds of «. stain n. amorous of the good _. let his coltish «. break I. dying Nature'' s earth 6. hands That reach thro' 130. 3- Ep. 33- 76. mix'd with God and N. N. like an open book NEARNESS Desire of n. NECK fell in silence on his n. NEED what had «. of thee NEEDLE to a needle's end 24. 28. 29. 60. 66. 70. 72. 91- 95. 95- lOJ. 104. 105. 107. 121. 126. Ep. 21. 21. 125. 56. 29- Ep. NEIGHBOR 3. the fieighbors met 4. The foolish 7ieighbors NERVE 2. A weight of nerves 1. and the tierves prick 2. all the 71. of sense NEW-YEAR I. O sweet n. 4. O thou n. wandering isles of n. the 71. is still threshold of the n. At 71. she weeps His 71. of loss hollow masks of «. issuing out of w. watches of the «. By n. we linger'd from me and n. On that last n. the n. IS still the n. I loved leaving «. forlorn fresher for the n. In the deep «. NOISE I. full of foolish n. 5. all within was n. NOON Climb thy thick n. the clouded noons At n. or when the ser wain the 71. is near 76. NOTE 7. her n. is gay 7. her 71. is changed I. some bitter notes NOTHING I. I care for n. NURSE 4. Gray nurses 12. on her nurse's arm O. OAK 3. lifetime of an o. Index. 157 OAK OUTLINE 87. 3. pulse of racing oars OAT s- 3- given in 0. and no more OVERTHROWING S3- 2. the wild 0. "3- 5- With overthrowings OCEAN OVERWEAR {verb) Ep. SI- and 0. sounds OCEAN-MIRRORS '• 4- all he was is overworn 12. S' o'er 0. rounded large OCEAN-PLAINS P. PAGE 9- I. Sailest the placid 0. ODOR 77- 3- the /. that tells A grief PAIN 86. 4- leagues of 0. 14. 4- tell him all my /. 17- 5- OFFICE So kind an 0. Her 0. there to rear 18. 21. 25. 5- 3- 3. endures with/, parade of /. _ lading of a single /. slept and woke with/. 40. 4- 28. 4. 40. 5- In such great offices 63. 77. 78. 2. set their /«mj at ease II I. 4- 0. of the social hour 2. mortal lullabies of /. 128. 3- If all your 0. 4- no mark of /. OLD {adj.) 85- 22. sympathy with/. 106. 2. Ring out the 0. PALE OLIVET III. 2. thro' the gilded/. 31- 3- purple brows of 0. PALLAS ONE 114. 3- some wild P. Pro. 8. help Thy foolish 07ies PALM {hand) 21. 21. 7- 7- And 0. is glad And 0. is sad 45- I. his tender /. is prest 37- 5- brooding on the dear 0. PALM {tree) OPIATE Ep. 8. palms of paradise 71- 2. 0. trebly strong PAN ORANGE-FLOWER 23- 3- murmur of a happy P. 40. I. she wears her 0. PANE ORATION 72. I. the streaming/. 87. 8. The rapt 0. ORB 87. 2. blazon'd on the paties PANG Pro. 2. orbs of light and shade 50- 2. pangs that conquer trust 30. 7- From 0. to ^. 54- I. pangs of nature 34- 2. this 0. of flame PARADE ORBIT 21. 3. /. of pain 87. ID. orbits heavenly-wise PARADISE ORCHIS Ep. 8. the palms of p. 83. 3- Bring 0. PARDON ORE 8s. 25- I crave your/. 118. 5- life is not as idle 0. PARK ORGAN 98. 6. By/, and suburb 87. 2. their high-built orga^is OTHER {adj.) Ep. 24. to roam the /. PARLIAMENT 8. 4- as that 0. wandering "S- 3- a potent voice of P. 58 Index, PARNASSUS PAUL yi- 2. On thy P. set thy feet PART 120. '• Like P. with beasts PEACE 65. 3 p. of mine may live 28. 3- P. and goodwill 85- 17- Can take no/, away 29. I. household/. 128. 6. I see in p. 34. 4- to sink to /. 46. 3- in a wealthy /. PART {verb) 58. 2. idly broke the /. 25- 3- p. it, giving half to him 80. 2. but stay'd in/. Ep. 12. At last must/, with her 90. 5- pillars of domestic/. PARTAKER 106. 7- thousand years of /. 41. 2. /. of thy change PEAL 104. 2. A single/, of bells PARTING PEAR 97- 3 every p. was to die PARTNER 89. 5- the mellowing /mrj 84. 97. 6 2. /. in the flowery walk partners of a married life 44. 3- PEER ranging with thy peers PEOPLE PASSENGER I, 4- the/, throng 14. 2 thy passengers in rank PASSION 64. 97- 4- 4- pillar of a people'' s hope the faithless/, say PERFECTNESS 59- 62. 3 3 My centred/, other/, wholly dies 112. I- narrower/. 85. 13 my /. has not swerved PERFUME 85- 19 my prime/, in the grave 95- 14. the still /. 88. the passio7is meet /. clasps a secret joy /. pure in snowy bloom PHANTOM 88. 109. 2 3 3- 20. 3- 4- the /. nature noiseless phantoms PAST 108. 3- mine own/). 24. 3 That sets the /. . the /. will always win PHANTOM-WARNING 24. 4 43- 2 silent traces of the /. 92. 3- prove the /. true 46. 2 landscape of the /. PHASE 62. I . fading legend of the /. 65. 2. painful phases 71- J Present of the P. 105. 4 hold it solemn to the/. PHILOSOPHY PASTIME 23- 53. 6. 4. many an old/, divine P. 30- 2 At our old pastbnes PHOSPHOR 22. I PATH /. by which we twain 9- 121. 3- 3. till P. bright Bright P. 22. 3 where the /. we walk'd paths are in the fields 40. 8 PICTURE 68. 2 /. was fresh with dew 78. 3- mimic picture'^s 73- 3 /. that each man trod 80. 3- p. in the brain 84. 8 paths of growing pow- PILE ers 54- 2. made the /. complete 23. 2 PATHWAY where the /. leads 64. 4- PILLAR /. of a people's hope PATIENCE 90. 5- pillars of domestic 34- 3 A little /. ere I die peace Index. 159 PILLAR {continued) PLUMELET 113- 3- /. steadfast 91. I. rosy plnmelets 114. 1. shall fix Her /z7/^rj POESY PIPE 8. 5- poor flower of /. 21. I. pipes whereon to blow POET PIPING 34. 2. some wild P. 21. 3- with his/, he may gain PITY 89. 6. Tuscan poets 63- I. /. for a horse PLACE 87. 9- POINT From/, to/. 3- 8. 2. 2. waste places all the /. is dark 99. S- POLE slumber of the poles 13- I. Her/, is empty POOL 18. 2. places of his youth 49. I. dappled pools 42. 44. 67. 2. 4- I. P. retain us still In that high/, thy/, of rest 72. 1. POPLAR blow the /. white 83- 2. from its proper/. PORCH 85. 28. within a lonely/. Ep. 17- pelt us in the/. They leave the /. 100. I. I find no/. Ep. 18. 102. j_ well-beloved/. 105. 3- change of /. PORT lying in the /. 106. 6. false pride in /. 14. I. 108. 3- in the highest/. PORTAL 114. 4- Let her know her /. my proper /. 29. 3- portals of the house 117. I. iiS. 4- in higher/. POWER 121. 5- Thy/, is changed 16. 4. my/, to think 126. 3- from/, to/. 26. 2. hath /. to see PLAIN 30- 7- With gather'd /. II. 3- yon great/. 36. 2. dealt with mortal /<7W 98. lOI. 8. 3. or open /. babble down the/. 64. 5- ers his active powers 75- 2. Hath/, to give thee 16. 5- PLAN mingles all without a/. 84. 8. 27- growing poivers equal poivers PLANE 87. 9- with /. and grace 15- 3- /. of molten glass 96. 112. 3- P. was with him some novel p. PLANET 114. 4- race For/. 76. 3. darkness of our/, trod This /. 114. 7- grewest not alone in/. Ep. 35- 124. 128. I. 5- The P. in darkness arbitrary p. PLANK 130. 2. some diffusive /. 14. 2. lightly down the /. PLAY i^verb) Ep. 10. full of /. PRACTICE 97. 8. For him she plays PLEASE {verb) 75- 2. /. howsoe'er expert PRAISE 6. 8. this will /. him best 21. 3- /. that comes to con- stancy PLEASURE 75- I. praises unexpress'd 4- 3- /. from thine early 75- 3- a little dust of /. years 77- 4- more sweet than /. 71- 2. my /. may be whole 84. 7- with honest /. 6o Index. PRATE {verb) PROMISE 37. I. Thou pratest here 84. 8. /. of a morn as fair PRAYER 85- 27. /. of the golden hours 17- I. /. Was as the whisper PROPHECY 32. 4- faithful prayers PRESENCE 92. 4- seem thy prophecies PROPHET 103. 7- /. lordlier than before 87. 2. prophets blazon 'd 126. I. in his/. I attend PROSPECT PRESENT 38. I. My /. and horizon 71- I. night-long P. gone 85. 14- in the /. broke the blow PROUD 121. 5- my p. and my past PRESENTIMENT no. 2. /. was half disarm'd 92. 4- spiritual presejUiments PRESSURE 46. 4- PROVINCE thy /. were not large PROW 119. 3- the p. of thine hand 9- 4- before the /. PRETENCE 12. 5- play About the /. 30. 2. vain /. Of gladness PSALM PREY 56. 3- Who roll'd the A 118. 3- /. of cyclic storms PULSATION PRIDE 12. I. wild /. of her wings 106. 6. Ring out false /. PULSE 110. 2. half disarm'd of /. 85. IS- My pulses therefore PRIEST 85- 19. every/, of wind /. of racing oars pulses of a Titan's heart 37. I- many a purer/. 87. 103. I. PRIESTESS 125- 4- A ihoMSznd. pulses 3- I. P. in the vaults of Death. PRIME 89. 3- PURLIEU dusty purlieus of the law 43. 4- spiritual p. PURPOSE 116. I. the crescent p. PRIMROSE 56. 3- splendid /. in his eyes 85. y^- /. j'et is dear Q- 8s. 30. p. of the later year QUARRY PROCESS 100. 3- q. trench'd along 82. 2. Eternal p. moving on QUAY PROCURESS 14. I. went down unto the q. S3. 4- p. to the Lords of Hell QUESTION PROFIT 96. 2. a subtle q. 82. 3- bloom to /. otherwhere 124. 2. questions men may try 108. 2. What/, lies QUICK PROFIT {verb) 88. I. the budded q7iicks 35. 5- What profits it to put PROGRESS "S- I. every maze of q. QUIET 98. 6. With statelier/. 10. 3- Th=s look of q. Index. i6] 9- 17- 42. 114- 74- 102. 128. Ep. 93- 3- 60. 103. 103. 56.. 71- 40. 33- 61. 112. 124. 31- 52- 99. 106. 84. 100. 103. R. RACE [running) my widow'd r. . my widow'd r. . outstript me in the r. . in her onward r. RACE (generation ) . to some one of his r. . one of stranger r. . great r. which is to be . herald of a higher r. . races may degrade . the crowning r. RAGE . void of noble r. RAIN ;. the drizzling r. !. in emerald r. RANGE thy sightless r. RANK r. exceeds her own ranks Of iris the scale of ranks RAPT {verb) So r, I was RAVINE With r. REACH the river's wooded REALM realms of love countest r. ripe r. change replies art r. why reason'' s colder part RECORD lives no r. of reply What r. ? RED iadj^ thro' thy darkling r REDRESS r. to all mankind REED What r. was that whispering r. golden r. 36. 108. 92. 78. 8. 29. 40. 78. 102. 115. 116. 116. Ep. Ep. REEF round the coral r. REFLEX r. of a human face REFRACTION r. of events REGION No wing of wind the r. swept REGRET my deep r. chains r. to his decease light regrets O lastr., r. can die one pure image of r. r. Becomes r. for buried time Not all r. a dead r. R. is dead REJOICE [verb) \ r. ; \ prosper RELATION Her deep relations RELIC precious relics RELIEF sets the past in this r. so to bring r. REPLY {verb) but he Replying REPORT bring me this r. REPROACH Thro' light reproaches REST {repose) sway themselves in r. want-begotten r. surely r. is meet thy place of r. this hour of r. REST {remainder) , r. remaineth unreveal'd perchance among the r. RESULT 4. the long r. of love 4. the large results force Of l62 hidex. RESULT {continiied) \ RIVAL 85. 23- that serene r. of all 102. 5- rivals in a losing game 128. 3- results that look like RIVER new 71- 4- the river's wooded reach RETURN [verb) 103. 2. A r. sliding by the wall 40. 6. often she herself r. 89. 12. returning from afar RIVULET pastoral r. REVEILL^E 100. 4- 68. 2. R. to the breaking ROAM {verb) morn 17- 3- wherever thou may'st r. REVERENCE ROBE Pro. 7- more of r. in us dwell 84. 9- her earthly r. ">!. 2. such r. for his blame 84. 114. 8. r. and the silver hair ROCK 7- In r. and in charity RHINE you will see the R. 97- 131- I. I. talk'd with rocks Rise in the spiritual r. 98. I. 98. 8. ROCKET r. molten into flakes RHYME 76. 106. I. 5- modern r. my mournful rhymes 102. I. ROOF The roofs, that heard Ep. 6. idle brawling rhymes ROOK RIB 15- I. rooks are blown 107. 3- Its lea.less ribs RIBAND 85. 18. the noise of rooks ROOM 6. 8. takes a r. or a rose 87. 4- rooms in which he dwelt finest all the r. RICH 112. 2. 79- 5- But he was r. ROOT RIDGE 2. I. roots are wrapt about 71- 4- the mountain r. RILL 115. 1. by ashen roots ROSE 37- 2. beside thy native r. 72. QI. 3- 3- the r. Pull sideways many roses sweet Ep. 29. the glancing rills RING 95- IS- Tlie heavy-folded r. 87. 7- pierce an outer r. Ep. 9- foretold the perfect r. Ep. 14. The r. is on ROSE-CARNATION RINGLET lOI. 2. many a r. feed 6. 9- to set a r. right ROUND RIPENESS 34- 2. This r. of green 81. 3- gave all r. to the grain RIPPLE 47- '■ Should mov'e his rounds RUBBISH 49- 3- seeming-wanton r. RISE {verb) 54- 2. cast as r. to the void RUNLET 15- 5- rises upward always 100. 4- r. tinkling 41. r. from high to higher 92. 4- often rises ere the'y r. . S. Ep. 23- They r., but linger SADNESS RITUAL 83. 2. s. in the summer moons 18. 3- the r. of the dead 96. 5- s. fli".gs Her shadow Index. 163 12. 3. 13- 5- 15- 3- 37. 6. 117- 3- 35- 6. 32. 3- SAIL sails at distance rise the approaching ja//j every milky s. SAILOR the J. at the wheel the s. to his wife SANCTITY darken'd sanctities SAND every grain of s, SATYR-SHAPE in his coarsest S. SAVIOUR the Saviour's feet SAY i^verb) " It will be hard " they s. perfect as I s. Might I not J. Could I have said thou too canst s. Whatever I have said SCALE III. I. Along the s. of ranks SCHOOL IIO. 3- put himself to s. SCIENCE 21. 120. 120. 5- 2. 2. kS". reaches forth Let 6". prove we are What matters 3". SCOFF 69. 3- I met with scoffs SCORN 26. 69. 96. I2S. 4- 3- 6. from my proper s. I met with scorns with no touch of j. my J. might well SCYTHE 89. 5- The sweep of s. SEA 17- 26. I. 4- 3- 19. over lonely seas over Indian seas homeless j. to-night beside the s. SEAMEW 115. 4- Where now the s. pipes 2. 2. 22. 2. 38. 2. [I3. I. 23. s- 97. 6. 55- 3- 90. I. Ep. 34- Pro. 4- 97. 6. 127. 2. 30. 2. 73- 2. 78. 2. 85. 10. 78. 3- 126. 3. 34- 4- tio. 2. SEASON seasons bring the flow- er crown'd with all the s. lent the blowing s. served the seasons SEA-WATER The salt s. SECOND She is the .r. SECRET Her J. from the latest moon the s. of the Spring the 5. of the star SEE {verb) I s. thee what thou art more than I can s. what I J. I leave I shall not 5. thee sees himself in all he sees here we s. no more SEED of fifty seeds This bitter s. is but s. SEEM {verb) seemest human He seems so near SEINE fool-fury of the S. SELF Of their dead selves In her deep s. SENSE with an awful s. blindfold s. of wrong J. of something lost the s. of human will where the senses mix Cry thro' the s. SENTENCE I hear the s. SENTINEL hear at times a s. SERPENT the charming s. Nor cared the s. 164 Index. 46. 2. 48. 2. 66. 2. 93. 2. Ep. 24. Ep. 26. Ep. 30. SERVANT 20. I. as servants in a house SERVE {verb) 103. 12. We j^rz/^^ thee here SERVICE 20. 2. Another 5. such as this SET {verb) 59. 4. And J. thee forth SETTING 130. I. in the s. thou art fair SEVERN 19. I. Danube to the S. gave 19. 2. twice a day the 6". fills SHADE there no s. can last slender j. of doubt s. by which my life No visual s. A s. falls on us J. of passing thought with J. the bridal doors SHADOW s. of a lark s. of a heaven S. fear'd of man S. sits and waits for me 6". cloak'd S. waiting mute 6". watching all tender-pencil'd 5. play found your shadows His own vast j. sadness flings Her s. 105. 4. petty shadows cast SHAKESPEARE 61. 3. The soul of 6". SHALLOP 103. 5. where a little s. lay SHAME 37. 3. touch of s. 51. 2. some hidden j. 72. 7. hide thy 5. 109. 6. My s. is greater SHAPE 70. 2. palled sluipes 95. 3. filmy shapes 103. 4. s. of him I loved 118. 7. To f. and use 76. 19. 35- 61. 70. 83. 84. 85- 87. 103. 124. Ep. SHEAF that binds the s. the ungarner'd s. SHEEPWALK s. up the windy wold SHELF a cragg}' s. SHELL shells of hollow towers SHIP Fair s. A great j. SHOAL shoals of pucker'd faces SHOCK the s. so harshly given diffused the .y. the shocks of chance With thousand shocks the shocks of doom shall suffer j. SHORE from the Italian s. by the pleasant s. that forgetful s. the doubtful s. on boundless shores upon the northern s. To the other 5. from the quiet i-. paced the shores vaster grew the 5. an ever-breaking s. all the happy shores SHOT s. ere half thy draught 6. 3- SHOUT 87. 3. the distant s. SHOWER 86. I. Sweet after 5/i^w^rj SIDE 51. I. near us at our s. 52. 2. move me from thy s. 80. I. kindly from his j. 103. 10. lift her shining sides 103. II. Up the J. I went 114. 5. moving J. by .y. Ep. 18. its sunny s. Index. 165 35- 4- 108. I. 119. 3. 66. 2. 13- 2. 19. SO- TS- 94- 95- 103. II Ep. 22. Ep. 39. Pro. 9. 5- I- 48. 3. 52- 4- 54. I- 96. 6. 21. 6. 30. 6. 57- I 103. 3 Pro. SIGH answer with a s. Nor feed with sighs witli scarce a j. SIGHT him whose s. is lost SIGNET set his royal s. SILENCE S. till I be silent too makes a s. in the hills And J. followed shall J. guard thy fame the s. of the breast strangely on the 5. fell in .?. on his neck tho' in s. wishing joy SILVER Their sleeping s. SIN what seem'd my j. hold it half a s. holds it s. and shame dash'd with flecks of s. sins of will SINAI Sinai s peaks of old SING {verb) s. to him that rests s. because I must Once more we sang To s. so wildly sang of what is wise SIRE 5. the yet-loved s. SISTER 4. sisters of a day gone by 2. Leave thou thy j. SIT (verb) I. alone to where he sits 3. hand-in-hand Sat silent r. and there he sits 8. I myself who sat apart SKIRT 1. skirts of self 2. skirts of happy chance SKULL 2. s. which Thou hast made 12. 3. 15. 1. 17. 2. 38. I. 66. 4. 72. 6. 95- I- 95- 3- 4. I. II. 5- 18. 3- 30. 5- 43. I- 68. I. 68. 4- 71. I. 22. 3. 27- 3- 99- 5- 62. 3- 127. 5. 39- I- 69. I. 95. 8. 22. I. 78. I. 105. 2. 106. 2. IIS- I. lO. 4. SKY glow of southern skies blown about the skies the bounding s. under alter'd skies dreaming of the s. s. with flying boughs o'er the s. The silvery haze in fragrant skies gazed upon the s. SLANDER The civic s. SLEEP To .y. I give my powers silver s. wears the mask of s. their s. is sweet If S. and Death be truly one 6". Death's twin brother That foolish s. transfers vS". kinsman thou SLOPE fifth autumnal s. SLOTH weeds of s. SLUMBER the J. of the poles SMILE matter for a flying s. SMILE (verb) smilest knowing all is well SMOKE living s. black with s. and frost SNARE thro' wordy S7iares SNOW from .y. to s. The silent 5. under other snows across the s. last long streak of s. SOD beneath the clover s. SOIL S3. 2. The s. left barren 1 66 Index. 38. 65. 6. 5- 31- 77- 78. Ep. Pro. 6. 85. 90. 23- 30. 37- 38. 38. 49- 52. 57- 11- 76. 76. 77- 83. 87. 95- 9Q- 102. 105. 107. "S- n6. 125. Lp. Ep. 3- 16. 19. 21. 23- 28. 39- 49- 4 SOLACE doubtful gleam of s. in that s. can I sing SOMETHING A", it is that thou hast lost .y. written, .y. thought 'Tis well ; 'tis j. or J. seal'd The lips changed to j. else sense of s. lost To s. greater SON Strong S. of God thy gallant s. the sons of flesh Yea the' their sorts SONG breaking into s. by fits A merry s. we sang To lull with s. songs I love to sing songs I sing of thee slightest air of .r. thy plaintive s. the J. of woe the breeze of s. the matin so7igs thy songs are vain on songs and deeds a fresher throat with s. noise Of sottgs we sang old songs s. that slights its matin s. Be neither s. nor game son^s he loved to hear a sightless s. songs, the stirring air s. were full of care the spirit of the s. embalm In dying songs the songs I made SOOTHE (verb) influence-rich to s. SORROW s. cruel fellowship s. such a changeling be 1 brim with s. sorrow'' s barren song sometimes in my .s. shut .v. touch'd with joy 6". fixt upon the dead the s. deepens down 103. 126. 109. 5. Pro. 7. 5- I- 32. 4. 3- SORROW {continued) 1. OS. wilt thou live 2. O S. wilt thou rule \. O s., then can s. wane 1. the s. in my blood }. Be dimm'd of .y. \. s. under human skies \. that .y. makes us wise [. that .y. makes us wise \. less of s. lives in me SORT in such a s. SOUL mind and 5. according conceal the S. within souls possess them- selves garden of the semis the dawning .y. the general s. The eternal j. the sweetest s. a s. of nobler tone Sweet 5. thro' a lattice on the s. such credit with the .y. while the s. exults takes us as a single s. O crown'd s. His living .y. was flash'd count as kindred souls The feeble .y. careless eye On souls s. on highest mission s. in s. s. shall draw from out the vast SOUND between me and the s. fill'd with joyful j. .y. of streams s. of that forgetful shore with roaring s. O J. to rout the brood SOURCE The very s. SPACE 2. The round of s. 7. in grander s. 3. ■ the worlds of 117. 3. SPAN everv j. of shade Index. 167 37- 3- 116. 3- 96. 4- 23- 4- 85. 2r. 95- 12. 9. 2. 83. 3- 60. 2. 122. 2. SPEAK (z/^r3) I can s. a little then harshly will he s. not worthy ev'n to s. Still s. to me of me SPECTRE spectres of the mind SPEECH wed itself with S. dear words of human j. matter-moulded forms of s. SPEED a favorable s. SPEEDWELL speedweWs darling blue SPHERE his proper s. A s. of stars SPICE With summer s. SPIKENARD 32- 3- With costly s. SPIRE 83. 27. 3- 3- bring the foxglove s. the spires of ice 17- 2. 20. 5- 28. 5- 38. 3- 40. I. 41. I. 42. 3. 43. I. 47- 4- 52. 2. 52. 3- 56. 2. 60. I. 61. 3 82. 2. 84. 9- 85. 21. 86. 4- 88. 2 91. 2 93- I 93. 2 SPIRIT A .S". , not a breathing voice I in s. saw thee move the vital spirits my troubled s. spirits render'd free Spirits breathed away s. ere our fatal loss the spirifs inner deep spirifs folded bloom the spirits fade away The ^. of true love keeps a s. wholly true s. does but mean My s. loved and loves I loved thee, ^S". the s. walks Thy J. should fail Thy s. up to mine A hundred spirits employ Thy spirits I know Thy s. No s. ever brake he, the .S". himself 94. 94. 97- 102. 105. 123. 125. 127. Ep. 98. Ep. 89. 98. Ep. 44. 64. go. 69. 1x5. 16. 82. SPIRIT (^continued) 2. 6". to S., Ghost to Ghost 2. call The spirits 2. s. is at peace with all 2. of my s. as of a wife 2. spirits oi a diverse love 5. the s. breathes 3. in my j. will I dwell 3. the s. of the song 5. While thou dear s. 20. all my genial spirits SPLENDOR 2. all her s. seems 30. let the s. fall SPORT 3. our simple sports 7. loud With J. and song 6. the J. of random sun SPOT 3. every pleasant j. SPRING (season) 5. the secret of the S. I. would be S. no more 18. S. that swells 50. not unlike to that of 6". SPRING {/oiiutaifi) 3. Lethean springs 6. beside its vocal springs I . the inviolate s. SQUARE 3. in the public squares 1. the flowering squares STAGGER {verb) 4. And staggers blindly STALK 2. the shatter'd stalks STAND {verb) I. ungather'd shall it s. STAR stars, she whispers bosom of the stars orb into the perfect s. a brooding j. grapples with his evil s. drench the morning s. yonder orient s. the crimson-circled s. secret of the .r. the polar s. the shaping of a s. 3- 2. 17- 4- 24- 4- 46. 4- 64. 2. 72. 6. 86. 4- 89. 12. 97- 6. 01. 3- 103. 9 1 68 Index. STAR (contmued) STRAIT 130. 2. in .r. and flower 84. 10. the dolorous s. Lp. 8. 31- brighten like the s. s. and system lOI. 5- STRANGER the stran£-er^s child STATE {condition) 104. 3- like strangers' voices 14. 4- sorrow o'er my s. X05. I. the stranger'' s land 24. 3- lowness of the present s. STREAK 64. 82. I. second s. sublime From J. to J. 115. I. last long s. of snow 2. 85- 6. above our mortal s. STREAM 36. 3. sound of streams STATE ^kingdom) 89. the s. beneath us ran 64. 3- mighty state s decrees 115- 3- On winding s. 89. 9- changes of the s. STREAMLET STATUE 79. 3. the same cold s. 103. Ep. 3- 4- stood A s. veil'd like a s. solid-set 7- STREET long unlovely s. STAY [verb) 7- 3- on the bald s. 12. 2. I cannot s. 31- 3- streets were fill'd 120. 2. I would not J. 69. streets were black STEAM 123. I. where the long s, roars 89. 2. s. of town STRIFE 50- 4- term of human j. 38. 95- I. II. STEP With weary steps the steps of time 85. 106. 14. 4- to handle spiritual s. forms of party s. STRING STEPPING-STONES 87. 7- slackly from the s. '■ 1. men may rise on s. STERN {adj.) 88. 3- command the strings STRIVE {verb) no. 3- The J. were mild 96. 2. strove to make it true STILE 113- 2. To s., to fashion 100. 2. simple s. from mead STROKE STILLNESS 39- I. my random s. 85- 20. A part of s. STRONG {adj. ) 123. I. s. of the central sea STONE 73- '■ s. as thou wert true STUDENT 2. I. graspest at the stofies 128. 5. the s. at his desk 39- 1. graspest at the stones 56. I. quarried j. SUGGESTION 108. I. lest I stiffen into s. STORE 95- 8. S. to her inmost cell SUIT 81. 2. hope of richer s. 85- 15- can it s. me to forget Ep. 21. s. of happy days SUMMER STORM 17- 4- balmy drops in s. dark 72. i_ lash with s. 85. iS. S. on the steaming 87. 2. s. their high-built or- gans Well roars the s. 91. 3- floods summer'' s hourly-mel- 127. j^ lowing change 95- I, silvery haze of s. STRAIN 105. 7- the .y. in the seed IS- 3- could brook the j. Ep. 5- summers that are flown Index. 169 SUMMIT SYMPATHY 103. 2. From hidden sutnmits 30. 6. their mortal s. 63. 2. I spare them s. 103. 4- SUMMONS a s. from the sea 85. 22. painless j. with pain SYSTEM SUN Pro 5 Our little systems 2. 3- branding summer sutis 3- 2, the dying j. T. 24. 2. first ^S". arose and set 72. 2, the splendor of the J. TABLET /. glimmers 75- 4- breathe beneath the j. c^7- 4- 84. 7- s. by s. the happy days Ep. 13- Their pensive tablets 117. 3. the courses of the j. TABLE-TALK 121. the buried s. 84. 6. genial t. 130. I. the rising j. Ep. 6. random ^. and shade TACT Ep. 20. greet a whiter s. SUNBEAM no. 4. The graceful t. TAINT 15- 2. s. strikes along 54. I. taints of blood 91. 4- where the i". broodeth TALE SUNDOWN 12, I. a t. of woe 41. 5- s. skirts the moor TALK 109. I. discursive t. SUNFLOWER lOI. 2. Unloved the s. shining TALK {verb) 71- 3- we t. as once we talk'd SUNSHINE 90. 3- To t. them o'er 10. 4- the J. and the rains 107. 5- t. and treat Of all Ep. 25- t. of others SURFACE 49. 2. sullen s. crisp 10. 5- TANGLE toss with t. SWALLOW-FLIGHTS 48. 4- short ^. of song 121. 2. TEAM t. is loosen'd SWEETNESS 121. 4- moving of the t. 35- 4. change my j. TEAR 64. 83. 5- 2. secret s. in the stream s. from its proper place Not mine the s. I. 13- 2. far-off interest of tears Tears of the widower 110. S- 19. 3. When fill'd with tears SWEEP 20. 3- tears that at their foun- 89. 5. s. of scythe tain freeze 40. 3- tears are on the moth- SWEEP [verb) er's face Ep. 24. But siveeps away 58. 3- a fruitless t. 128. 4- SWORD sheathe a useless s. 72. 78. 78. 3. 4. 5- With thy quick tears No single t. Her tears are dry SYCAMORE 90. 3- a kindly /. 89. I. towering s. TELL {verb) 95- 14. large leaves of the s. 31. 2. tellmg what it is to die SYMBOL 40. 7- t. them all ^^5- 24. grief with sytnbols play Mute symbols TEMPEST Ep. IS- 17- 4- t. mars Mid-ocean I70 Index, 16. 85. 12. Pro. 6 I. 3- 7- 13- 14. 21. 34- 35- 37- 40. 44- 45- 52. 60. 73. 78. 2. 85. 8 85. 25- 97- 8. 107. 5- III. 4- 120. 3- Pro. 45- 100. Ep. : 46. 69. 70. 2. TENANT tenatits of a single breast TENDERNESS All-comprehensive t. TERM t. of human strife THEME glanced from t. to /. THEW the the%vs of Anakim THICKET all the t. rang THING things we see higher things a il. so blind like a guilty ^. strange do these thifigs seem ask a thousand things ye speak an idle /. thitigs all mortal so sweet a /■. things divine new things earthly things the things I touch the t. beloved a z*. so low such things to be over all tilings all things round me these things pass a thousand things treat Of all things seem'd the /. he was born to other things watchest all things think the t. farewell THINK (verb) thinks he was not made thought that " this is I " 1 1. once more he seems all we thought and loved THORN t. and flower I took the thorfts THOROUGHFARE shadowy thoroughfares THOUGHT 6. 9- with the t. her color burns 13- 3- An awful t. 23- 4- T. leapt out to wed with T. 23- 4- Ere T. could wed itself 32. I- Nor other t. 32. 3- All subtle t. 36. 3- all poetic t. 49- 2. lightest wave of t. 52. I. topmost froth of i. 65. 2. a happy t. 84. I. fix my thoughts 85. 8. thoughts were little worth 90. 6. one lonely t. 94. I. whose t. Avould hold 19- 3- in my thoughts with scarce a sigh 22. 4- thoughts of life 22. 5- t. breaks out a rose 83. 4 64. 3- 91. I. 87. 2. 9?: 103. 112. 4- 6. 10. 4- 40. 126. 6 I. THREAD he plays with threads THRESHOLD t. of the mind t. of the night THROAT flood a fresher t. THRONE thrones of civil power whisper of the t. THRUSH the mounted /. THUNDER-MUSIC And t. rolling TIDE The t. flows down double tides of chariots forward-creeping tides vassal tides TIDINGS t. of the bride t. of my friend TIGER 7. let the ape and t. die TIME 4. Come T., and teach 5. A t. to sicken 5. that T. could bring Index, 71 28. I. 29. 4- 43- 4- 44- 2. 50- 2. 52. 4- 59. 3- 72. 5- 84. 10. 85. 7- 85. 17- 85. 29. 104. I. 105. 2. 105. 3- 107. 2. 113- 4. Ep. 6. gP- 23- Ep. 35. 41. 6. 78. 8. 26. no. 56. TIME {continued) The t. draws near Before their t. he loved me here in T. Gives out at times t. a maniac When t. hath sunder'd leave at times to play struck down thro' t. What t. mine own the cycled times Which masters T. seeks to beat in /. The t. draws near There in due t, like growth of t. t. admits not flowers when the t. has birth out of weaker times the t. draws on ere the times were ripe TIPS 3. kindled at the tips TITAN 8. pulses of a Titan^ heart TO-BE all the secular T. TO-DAY thinking, here /. TOIL after t. and storm t. cooperant TOKEN t. of distress TOMB plant it on his t, TO-MORROW here /. will he come TONE in divers tones t. and tint TONGUE fickle tongues his double t. TO-NIGHT he will see them on t. TOOTH red in t. and claw 6. 15- 26. 128. Ep. ^p'; 84. 8 TOUCH no /. of change take The t. of change t. of earthly things If such a dreamy t. with no /. of scorn forever at a t. TOWER lessening towers dash'd on t. and tree towers fall'n a feudal t. Dumb is that t. TOWN the noisy t. at random thro' the t. din and steam of t. if I praise the busy t. any mother t. the silent-lighted /. TRACE traces of the past TRACK t. Whereon with equal feet down this lower t. TRACT tracts that pleased us lifelong t. of time in the t. of time tracts of calm tracts of fluent heat 26. 95- 95- 123. Ep. TRAIN t. of bounteous hours TRANCE 1. some long t. II. my ^. Was cancell'd TRANSFER {verb) 26, t. The whole I felt TRAVELLER 2. The t. hears me TREE gazing on thee, sullen t- the moulder'd t. trees Laid their dark arms trees Laid their dark arms where grew the t. on the trees The dead leaf 1/2 Index. TRIFLE TURN {verb) 66. 6g. I I with any t. pleased chatter'd trifles TRIUMPH 41. 68. 2. 3- turtCd to something I t. about TWILIGHT no. 4 felt thy t. was as mine 50- 4- t. of eternal day TROTH 79- 3- that roam the t. 27. 3 that never plighted t. 11. 2. TWINKLE {verb) twinkled into green 4. 4 TROUBLE clouds of nameless t. An inner t. t. in thine eye t. of my youth t. live with April days 33- 4- TYPE for want of such a t. 41- 68. 5 55- 2. So careful of the t. 3 56. I. So careful of the t. 68. 83. 4 2 4: I. 35- thousand types are gone a noble t. TRUE 56. 5- battled for the t. U. Ep. I. t. and tried UNCLE TRUMPET 84. 4- babbled" Uy 96. 6. t. blew so loud UNDERSTAND 97- 9- I cannot tt. ; I love TRUST 85. 3- t. in things above UNITY 116. 2. to hearten /. TRUST {verb) 42. I. It was but 7i. of place UNLIKENESS Pro. 6 t. it comes from thee 79- 5- As his u. fitted mine Pro. 10 I t. he lives in thee UNREST TRUTH IS- 4- wild 7/. that lives Pro. II. where they fail in t. URANIA I. I. I held it i. 37- I. U. speaks 18. 2. it looks, in t. URN 33- 36. 36. 3- I. 2. a t divine trtiths in manhood t. in closest words 9- 95- 2. 2. his holy u. the fluttering u. 36. 2. /. embodied in a tale USE 42. 3- reaps A t. 5- 2. u. in measured lan- 53. 3- preach it as a t. guage 68. 4- I discern the t. 45- 2. «. of " I " and " me " 85. I. This t. came borne 45- 4- this «. may lie in blood 125- 2. so fix'd in t. 78. 5- with long 7i. her tears 127. 2. social t. are dry 131- 3- truths that never can 105. 3. bond of dying u. be proved III. 6. soil'd with all ignoble «, TULIP V. 83. 3. deep tulips VAPOR TUMULT 107. I. bank Of V. 75- 5- t- of acclaim Ep. 28. the shining v. sail 87. t. of the halls VASE deep V. of chilling tears 127. 5- O'erlook'st the t. 4- 3- TUNE VASSAL 97- 3. have beat in i. 48. 2. makes it v. unto love Index. 173 VAST {adj. ) VOICE 76. 3. shall wither in the v. 28. 2. voices of foui- hamlets VASTNESS 28. 3- Each V. four changes 30. 4. our voices rang 97- 2. In V. and in mystery VAULT 30- 6. z/f/r^j took a higher range 72. 7- up thy V. with roaring 35- 37- I. V. that man could trust many an abler v. sound 56. 7- V. to soothe and bless VEIL 69. 4- The V. was low 30- 7- from V. to V. 69. 5- V. was not the v. of grief V. the richest-toned 56- 67. 7- 4. Behind the v. V. from coast to coast 75- 2. 89. 13- the woodbine v. 99. I. z/i?zc^j of the birds 104. 3- strangers' voices VERGE 1x6. 3- V. I once have known 50. 4. low dark v. of life 121. 4- voices hail it 124. 3. I heard a v. " believe VERSE no more " 75- I. V. that brings myself 127. I. V. across the storm relief 130. I. V. is on the rolling air 130. 4- circled with thy v. VICE 131. 2. A V. as unto him that 3- 4- like a v. of blood VIENNA hears VOID 85. 5- in Vienna's fatal walls 13- 2. A V. where heart on 98. 3- I will not see V. heart reposed VIEW 54. 2. cast as rubbish to the v. 33. 2. her happy views \iyN 75- 5- out of human v. 20. I. thousand tender vows 92. 3- and bared to ?v., A fact 79- 4- we proffer"d vows VIGOR 97- 8. plighted vows 95- 8. V. bold to dwell VILENESS W. WAIN SI- I. inner v. that we dread VILLAGE lOI. 3. the lesser w. WALK 60. 3- little V. looks forlorn 8. 4- those deserted walks VIOLET 84. 6. the flowery w. 18. I. V. of his native land 87. 4- that long w. of limes 97. 7- A wither 'd v. WALK {verb) 105. 2. The V. comes 68. 2. I w. as ere I walk'd IIS- I. the znolets blow 71. 3. walking as of old we walk'd lis- S- Becomes an April v. VIRTUE WALL 82. 3- use of V. out of earth 19. 4- its wooded walls 85- 4- Your words have v. 87. the reverend walls Ep. 16.' The blind w. rocks VISION Ep. 30- the roof, the w. 92. I. If any v. should reveal 103. I. dream'd a v. of the WAN dead 72. 5- As isj. , as chill 174 Index. WANDER {verb) WAV {continued) 8. 4. other wanderings there 85. II. whatever w. my dayi 23- 2. I w., often falling lame decline 89. 2. hither wander mg down WANT 103. 5- but lead the w. WEAKNESS 33- 4- for w. of such a type 21. 2. would make w. weak 79- 5- supplied my w. S5. 13- works of w. 98. 4- a thousand watits no. 9- forgot his w. J 06. 5- Ring out the w. WEALTH III. 2. His w. in forms 52- 4- thy w. is gather'd in WAR 79- 5- my w. resembles thine 103. 9- sing the death of w. Ep. 26. w. Of words and wit 106. 7- thousand wars of old WEB WARDER 3- 2. w. is wov'n across 39- I. Old w. of these buried WEED bones 27- 3- the weeds of sloth WARMTH 73- 3- dim, with weeds 46. 4- A rosy w. WEEK 84. 95- 124. 2. 1. 4- A central w. genial w. w. within the breast WASSAIL 17- 80. 2. 3. W. after w. the days goby burthen of the weeks 105. 5- nor bowl of w. mantle WASTE 119. I. WEEP {verb) not as one that wee^s 22. 5- somewhere in the w. WEIGHT a w. of nerves 12. 2. WATCH 25- 2. I loved the w. 91. 4- in watches of the night 55- 4. my w, of cares WATCH {verb) 63- I. no w. upon my heart Ep. 10. that w. Of learning 63. 3- may'st thou iv. me WELCOME 74. I. To those that w. it 85- 6. gave him w. there WATER 90. 2. An iron w. 15- 2. the waters curl'd WELL 17- 3- waters day and night 10. 5- roaring wells 58. drop by drop the w. 108. 2. wells of death 67. I. broad w. of the west 130. I. where the waters run WEST '5- 5- dreary w. WAVE WHEAT II. 5. waves that sway w aves of w. belts of w. 19. 19. I. 4- hearing of the w. the w. again Is vocal 91. 98. 3- I. 49. 2. lightest w. of thought WHEEL 89. 12. within the glooming w. 50. I. wheels of Being 122. 3- a fuller w. WAV 117. 3- kiss of toothed wheels WHISPER 6. 6. met him on his w. 17- I. w. of an air 22. 2. cheer'd the w. 64. 3- w. of the throne 26. I. winds the dreary w. 79- 3- whispers of the beau- 49. 3- go thy w. teous world 60. 3- the household ways 81. 2. This haunting w. 77- 4- My darken'd ways 85. 23- lightly does the w. fall Index. 75 S9- Ep. Ep. Pro. 4- 4. 41. 54. 70. 85. 110. 131. 87. 3. Ep. Ep. WHOLB I. seems a separate iv. I. living iv. WIDOWER I. tears of the w. WIFE I. but a TV. 7, made a iv. ere noon [3. waiting to be made a iv. WILL 4. Our 74////J are ours I. my IV. is bondsman 4. wakes the iv. 3. wing my w. with might I. sins of IV. 4. beyond the iv. [Q. sense of human w. 5. imitative iv. I. O living IV. WILLOW Among the willows "wilt thou" The " TO." answer'd The "w." ask'd WIND g. 4. Sleep gentle winds 15. I. ivinds begin to rise 28. 3. changes on the w. 30. 3. winds were in the beech 49. 3. blame not thou the winds 2. No wing of w. 3. winds that roam 19. every pulse of w. 2. I hear a w. 14. TO. began to sweep I. a passing to. WIND {verb) 95. 10. mine in his was wound WINE 37. 5. sacred w. 90. 3. when warm with to. [07. 4. fetch the w. WINE-FLASK 89. II. TO. lying couch'd in moss WING 9. I. Spread thy full wings 13. 5. time to rise on TO. 48. 4. Their wings in tears 78. 79- 81. 92. 103. 108. 39- 54- 78. Pro. 36. 28. Si- xes. 3- 4 109. 6. 112. I 113. I 114. 5 98. 2. WING {continued) lightsome to. wi7igs of fancy wings of foresight no TO. of wind stronger wings WINTER growing winters every to. winters left behind wisdom . in Thy to. make me wise IV. dealt with mortal powers There must be to. "Whatever TO. sleep Nor let thy to. make High TO. holds my to. how much to. sleeps side by side With to. IV. heavenly wise circle of the to. , likeness to the to. wish , on his way With wishes . TO. that of the living whole cries against my w. . TO. too strong for words wish (verb) . wisK'd no more to wake WISP TO. that gleams On Lethe WITCH-ELM Witch-elms that coun- terchange WOE muffled round with to. imaginative to. would prelude to. attributes of w. in TO. and weal WOLD this high TO. windy w. WONDER wonders that have 1/6 Index. 27. I. 35- 6. 69. 2. 85. 18. 86. 2. 89. 8. 105- 7- 107. 3. Ep. 24. 105. 2. 99. 2. 115. 2. «9- 3- 36. 3. S- I- 5. I- 5- 3- 16. I. 18. 5. 48. ; 52. 1 58. 3 69- f 75- 2 85. ^ 85. 4 85. 21 93- 4 95- 7 95- 9 95- 12 125. 3 128. 4 Ep. 13 57- 2. 85. 13- 114. I. 117. I. 118. I. 118. 4. WOOD summer woods batten'd in the woods w. with thorny boughs waning woods dewy-tassell'd w. distant woods by yonder w. w. which grides To range the woods WOODBINE the w. blows WOODLAND woodlands holy Now rings the 7V. WONT Use and M^. WORD the /F. had breath WORD to put in words words like Nature in words like weeds What words are these words that are not heard out of words a comfort she sports with words My words are only •words In those sad words The words were hard fitting aptest words O true in iv. Your words have virtue words of human speech too strong for words silent-speaking words So w. by w. Vague words words were sweet the bearing of a 7v. living words of life WORKING in narrowest w. shut WORK my w. shall fail to works of weakness Let her IV. prevail your w. is this this w. of Time type this w. of time Pro. 8. 15. 2. 21. 5. 33- 4- 43- 3- 55- 4- 62. 64. 73- 75- 79- 95. 105. 114. 116. 121. 124. 126. 129. 29. 73- 57- 71- 103. Pro. 9. 82. 3. 95- 7- WORK i^verb) one that with us works WORLD Help Thy vain worlds strikes along the w. To feel from w. to ^v. fail not in a w. of sin total w. since life began world's altar-stairs breathes a novel w. a world's desire So many worlds w. which credits the beauteous lu. pulsations of the w. Of rising worlds I would the great w. made the w. so fair the world's great work found Him not in w. the worlds of space mingle all the w. WORM not a w. is cloven WORTH What seem'd my w. transplanted human w. To test his w. WRAITH hollow w. WRATH w. that garners a man in w. WREATH Make one w. more miss'd an earthly w, WRONG we do him w. sense of w. 1 did them w. WYE the babbhng W. The IV. is hush'd YEAR SO forecast the years years of gloom teach me m2iT).y years four sweet years Index. 177 28. 4- 30. 4 44- 46. 3- 3 52- 3. 59- 67. 81. 4- 2. 2, 91. 2, 92. 95- 3- 6. 106. 7- 106. 2. 106. 7- 109. 3. no. I. 114. 116. 7- I. Ep. 2. 3- YEAR {continued) This J/. I slept sang with him Last_j'. long harmonious ^^a^'j and those five years not the sinless jj'^'izr^ hope ior years to come number of thy years More years had made unaccomplish 'd years within the coming^. y. which once had been gift of years before The y. is dying The y. is going Ring in the thousand years years of April blood rathe and riper years byjf. and hour And meets the j/. the conquer'd_y^^ri' thrice three years YEARNING 108. 116. 2 4- And vacant y. y. for the friendship YEW 2, 39- 76. I. I. 2 Oldjf. which graspest dark J)/, that graspest mouldering of ay. YIELD 102. 5 will not^. each other YOUTH 18. 53- 125. 2 I 3 4 3 2 places of his J)/. Whose jt'. was full outliving heats of y. trouble of m^ y. y. and babe laboring in hisjf. never lost her jj/. YULE 28. 5 merry bells of V. YULE-CLOG 78. 2 y. sparkled keen f 014 546 565 5 ^