HISTORY HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE COMPILED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF D. HAMILTON HURD. ILLUSTRATED. I'll I LADELPH U J. W. LEWIS & CO. 1885. . PUBLISHERS 1 PREFACE. Nearly three years ago the attention of the publishers, who have long made a specialty of this class of work, was called to the fact that a history of Hillsborough County was needed. After mature deliberation the work was planned and its compilation commenced. Tin' besl literary talent in this section of the State for this especial work was engaged, whose names appear at the head of their respective articles, besides many other local writers mi special topics. These gentlemen approached the work in a spirit of impartiality and thoroughness, and we believe it has been their honest endeavor to trace the history of the development of the territory embodied herein from that period when it was in the undis- puted possession of the red man to the present, and to place before the reader an authentic narrative of its rise and progress. The work has been compiled from authenticated ami original sources, and no effort spared to produce a history which should prove in every respect worthy of the county represented. The Publishers. Philadelphia, August, 1885. CONTENTS GENERAL HISTORY CHAPTER I. Early History and Organization of Courts . CHAPTER II. The Bench and Bai TOWN HISTORIES. 139 289 297 Greenfield 331 Litchfield 486 Greenville 518 Merrimack 527 551 New Boston 585 New Ipswich 610 . 631 Peterborough 650 .... 672 678 Windsor 727 730 Appendix 745 BIOGRAPHICAL. Fit. h, Cliail. - I' . Forsaith, Samuel C Foster, Herman French, John C ... Fuller, John G Fulton, Jamee .. .. Gilbert, John Gilman, Hora< •■ W Gilman, Vii .■ I I m II G lale, Levi '■ lale, T. N Goodell, David II ■ oiij Godfrey, Reuben Goffe, John Gove, Charles I' ■li ». Gray, II S Greeley, fforai e !.!■ ■-■_, .l.lhi- Griffin, George Grimes, l'i ini is .. Grimes, James F Hall, James H Hall, James Hai vey Hamblet Eli Heald, Dai I Hiklretli. Jutham Holman, Charles Kosley, Jol o Howard I'.niiily, Tho Hutchinson, John W... Jones Family, The Kimball, Gilman Kin^Inn ■ . ■ Lincoln, Leavitt Li vermin-.-, Sol. mi. .n K.. Lund, Charles M.i\ n.i'l I'-ini II Merrill, -f.n II Mfoore .1 -■ -f--li (' Moore, Noi man J. M... Morrison, George W Murray, "rl.mdoD New* I!, Joseph Parsons. William M Partridgt . S. H ■r M Parker, William T .. . Pattee, I. N P 1 ■ I' ■ : -- 1 tl Pierce, Franklin Potter, < i.-ncll.-r K Preston, John BHHiKAI'HIKS. ,*» J ' 5 ' 1R Sawyer, Mobi*b Oj4 397 Upton, Samuel ■ill Wasou, Klbrklge Webster, Kimball 482 97- Smith, l3.i.«. ... . Nil 1 . Smith, Luk< BaOdi' I U'l ig, David Stanley Uiul w iii, Joseph K 13 Stinscli, I'liall.-s 327 ILLUSTRATIONS, Adams, ['iiiaehas Averill, Clinton S Balch, Charles E Balch, Mark Baldwin, Samuel Berry, Augustus Blood, Aretas Bradley, Denis U Bradford, Kpbraini P Bro ■!.-. [aaac Buck, William I) Burnbam, Abel C Burns, Charles H Campbell, Charles H Campbell, Daniel, -lr Chamberlain, J uni - 1 « hi I. jr, Person C Christie, Morris Clapp, Allen N Clark, Daniel Clark.', John 1! Clark, Lewis W Clough, Lucien B., i i aby, i fliah Cross, David Ci bie, Niuian C Cumner, Nathaniel W Carrier, M i' . . Cntler, John H Davis, Joseph Dearborn, Cornelius Van ] Dearborn, Samuel G Dodge, Perlev I' '■■ i Resof Dnniap, Vn hibald II Edwards, Supply U (J I.ii. -. Thomas N ... Goodell, David II ... Graves, Josiah G ..... Gray, II. N Gregg '.Hues Griffin, Grimes, Francis Gin,,.,, .1 . r ■ t — I Hall, .lames Harvey. Hamblet, Eli Heald, Davi.l Hildrelli, J.itbam Holman, i barlefi Hoaley, John Howard, Ezra P Hutchinson, John W. Kimball, Gilman Kini>l.iii \. 1....1-. Lincoln, Leavitt I.iveinioi,., Sob. mull I Lund, i harli - ... Map ■ ■( Hillsborough i Mavnal'l, .I.'lili II >l « - 1 1 ill, .bun.-- I: M Joseph C Moore, Norman .1 M Mull. iv, I Irian, lo D.... Newell, Joseph Parker, John M Parker, William T. . .. Parsons, William M.... Partridge, S. II Pattee, I.. N Pevey, Peter IVviv, /.hi. hah Pi Franklin Pottor, Chandler E Preston, John Ramsey, John s.iu >.-r, Aar.ui W v,\.\. i ^l , .. Shirley, E. C Sun. I:-, llll.ilii Simons, Lewis Smith, G _• I Smith, tsaai W Smith, John I Smith. I. ilk.- Smyth, Fn-ileiii-k Spalding, Isaac ley, Clinton W St.i Stevens, William ... St 1 1,-,. ii, Charles . Straw, Ezekiel A... Sullowaj , Cyrus \ Swallow, Stillman.. Tail.,. II, Joel II .... Tuttle, Jacob I ph. II, Sal I Wallace, Alonzo S.. Wason, Elbridge .... Webster, bin, I,.. II Wi lis, . harli ■ Weston, Jai A .. HISTORY or HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER I. EARLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. BY GEORGE A. RAMSDELL. For many years previous to 1740 the boundary lines of the province of New Hampshire were in dispute. Massachusetts claimed that the division boundary between that State and New Hampshire was denned by a line drawn from a point on the Atlantic coast three miles north of the mouth of the Merrimack Eiver, and running on the northerly and easterly side of the river, and at a distance of three miles from it, to a point three miles beyond the parallel of the junction of the Winnipiseogee and the Pemigewasset; thence due west to the Connecticut. This covered all the territory included in the present limits of the county of Hillsborough, excepting the town of Pelham and such portion of the town of Hudson as lies more than three miles from the Merrimack River. It also in- cluded the whole of Cheshire County and the larger part of the present limits of Merrimack and Sullivan Counties. New Hampshire claimed for her southern boundary a line produced due west from the same point on the ocean. By this claim the towns of Pelham, Hudson, Litchfield, Nashua, Merrimack, Hollis, Amherst and other towns lying within some fourteen miles of latitude were conceded to be in Massachusetts. The ancient town of Dunstable, containing more than two hundred square miles, and including all of the towns above named and portions of other towns within the present limits of New Hampshire, made a part of the county of Middlesex, in Massachusetts, and had not before 1740 been regarded by any party as in part the territory of the province of New Hampshire. Previous to 1740 a board of commissioners, acting under the royal authority, had established the eastern 1 boundary, but failing to agree upon the southern line the King himself terminated the controversy in favor of New Hampshire, fixing the present boundary and granting the State a much larger territory than had been claimed. The decision, though somewhat arbi- trary and not in accordance with the prayer of either party, was founded upon sound suggestions. By the letter of the grant to Massachusetts it would seem that her claim was good, but it was urged by the King's Council that when the .Massachusetts grant was made the country was unexplored, and the course of the Merrimack was supposed to be substantially at right angles with the ocean its entire length, and that it would be just and equitable between the parties to follow the river so far as its general course was from the west to the cast and no farther. This act of the King annexing so much territory, before that time under the government of Massachu- setts, to the province of New Hampshire was not satisfactory to the people of Massachusetts, or to the inhabitants of the lauds so virtually annexed. It was very naturally urged by the people, who were thus made to attorn to New Hampshire, that it was unfair to sever them from a more powerful province against their remonstrance and annex them to a weaker at a time when it seemed there would be no end of Indian wars and depredations. An attempt was made to have the matter reheard, which failed, as well as a proposi- tion to re-annex the entire province to Massachusetts. Upon the settlement of a question which had troubled the province for half a century, the towns which had had a corporate existence under Massa- chusetts were rechartered by the province of New Hampshire, and new towns were formed from those portions of existing towns cut off from Massachusetts. The political history of New Hampshire to the middle of the eighteenth century is simply the history of the southeastern portion of the State, Portsmouth, Exeter and Dover being the towns of consequence at HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. i li:i: time. I'n '. ious to the year 177n the entire State, for all financial and judicial purposes, was a single count. All business ince. As the province increased in population the ] pie other and smaller political entire energies, penetrating the wilderness so far as to lay out an estate and erect an elegant mansion at Wolfborough, upon the Winnipiseogee. The matter was debated in several sessions of the Assembly before all points of difference could be rec- onciled. The number of counties, and lines of divi- sion were not easily agreed upon. It was finally settled that the province should he divided into five counties, with an ample judiciary system. The act was finally passed, suspending its operation until such time as the Kind's pleasure should he known. The act took effect in the spring of 1771. Governor Wentworth named the counties (after his friends in England i Rockingham, Strafford, Hills- borough, i Iheshire and Grafton. It may be remarked that by the efforts of parties opposed to any division. the counties of Strafford and Grafton, by an amend- ment to the act, remained connected to the county of Rockingham until 177o. Sullivan has since been taken off Cheshire. Coos from Grafton, Merrimack IV. .in Buckingham and Hillsborough, Carroll and Belknap from Strafford. Hillsborough County upon its organization in- cluded all the territory of the present county, except- ing the town of Pelhani. which for a time formed part of Rockingham County. It also included all of the present county of Merrimack west of the Merrimack River, excepting: the town of Bow, the city of Concord and portions of other towns whose lines have been ithin a few wars. The territory thus set countj of Hillsborough was not all incor- porated into towns. Some of it was not even settled, mds then settled remained unincorporated 1 years. I he population of the county at the time of its organization was not far from fifteen n i re eighteen incorporated towns within the present limits of the county, ranking as follows in point of population ami valuation: Am- herst, Hollis, New Ipswich, Dunstable, Merrimack, Nottingham West (now Hudson). Peterborough, Litchfield, Bedford, Im.i1-o.hu, Derryfield (now Man- chester), Wilton, New Boston, Mason. Weare, Lynde- borough, Temple and Hillsborough. More than half the population of the county at this time resided in thesis t..wns Amherst, Hollis, New Ipswich, Dun- stable, Merrimack and Nottingham West. \. n 1 lam]. shire wassettled by immigration coming in through tour different channels, the Portsmouth and Piscataqua colonies, the Londonderry colony, i he settlers coming into the State by way of 1 (unstable, and the line of immigration coining up the valley of the Connecticut River. The county of Hillsborough was peopled from the -econd ami third of these sources, ami very largely from the Londonderry settlement. No sooner was the demand for the division of the State into counties in a fair way to be answered affir- matively than the question of the selection of the shire- lown began to be agitated. Three towns were named mi this connection, — Amherst, Hollis and Merrimack. The attention of the Governor of the province was called to this matter as early as October, 1767, by the Rev. Daniel Wilkins, the first minister of the town of Amherst, in the following letter : " Hon. and Dear Sir " Alt.] .hi.- salutations I b-g leave to inform your Hon' that the pro- posal t.t" the general ('unit, that Merrimack he the shire-town of the county ..I. tin- west si.t. ..f Merrimack river, has caused a general un- easiness throughout the canity, an.l many thinking men in Merrimack itself (as I have heen credibly informed) are well satisfied that if the pro- posal he established, it will In' greatly to the town damage in general, as t!ov at. small in numbers, consisting ..f seventy odd families, no more, and (hose rim. h scattered, and many of that number are new places anil no ways an mn i lated to entertain a Court, especially with hay and pas- niia-v ; math, i do they -0.1 expect 1. !"■ accommodated within the pre- 111.-. , 1- a _r. .11 part of their land is poor and clothed with shrub. The uneaBinessof the ] pie arises from the said proposal not being for Am- herst rather than Merrimack, not only as Amherst has heen talked as for a shire-town ever from its infancy, thereby fixing the mind of the 1 pi. ii[ it, being from its situation nearer to the Heart of the county, so that many towns can come from home in the morning an.l return home in the evening. They could not possibly d.. the like if it. .Court beat Mer :k, and thereby save a great deal of charge to poor people. ■•And now. honored sir, I Lei: leave to _iv. a desi lipiioii of Amherst" in a lew words 'It 1- situated about eight miles from Mr. Lutwickes' l.-iiv, on M'-iriiuaok river, the contents of which is about six miles square, containing about on. hundred I sixty families and accomtno- . la l.d, according to men of the best judgment, to settle ..lie hundred fami- lies more than is already settled, and near a hundred ..1 11. country farms, well accommodated with fields and pastures, and chiefly all good Husbands.' "The middle of the town is pleasantly situated, a good coach load from the eastern and southern pat ts of the province, and all roads center n!e in general, knowing the situation and accommodations of Amherst t., entertain the » ..int. suppose that the General Court's proposal tor Merrimack springs from a misrepresentation. The occa- sion of these lines to your lion, was the coos of the j pic, and 1 beg 1. i\, ... siil.-ciilieyonr humble servant. ••Amherst, Oct. ye 1, 1767. " To 11, 11 I mouth." The arguments of this divine, reinforced by other expressions of the voice of the people of the county, prevailed, and Amherst was made the shire-town. It EAKLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. was ajusl decision, it being the most populous town, and located near what was then the centre of popula- tion ami near the present geographical centre of the county. Amherst then had as large a population as to-day, but it must beremembered that its territorial limits have been contracted, the towns of Milford and Mount Vernon having been taken from it. For a long time it was a place of business and social consequence ; many people of culture and distinction have there re- sided. A laek of water-power and railroad facilities have cost the town the prominence it once had, and it has receded from the first to the ninth place in rank among the towns of the county in the matter of popu- lation and valuation. It was side shire-town for the present county limits until 1846, when a term of court was established at .Manchester, and another term at Nashua in 1857. In 1865 a jail was legally established at Manchester, and the old stone building at Amherst was discontinued. In 1866 the records, for so long a time at Amherst, by vote of the county, were removed to Nashua, where they are now kept in substantial buildings and vaults. In 1879 the only term of court then held at Amherst was abolished, and the town, after an honorable record of one hundred and eight year-, ceased, in t he language of Parson Wilkins, to entertain the courts. It is not generally known that a town of consider- able ' importance, called Monson, had a chartered existence in this county previous to the year 1770, It lay upon the south of the Souhegan River and measured upon the river about six miles, extending from a little above Jones' Corner, in Milford, to a point a little below Danforth's Corner, in Amherst. The breadth of the town from the river south was some- thing more than four miles. The inhabitants of this town made several attempts to be annexed to Am- herst. The principal reason given in their petition to the Assembly was the lack of any central place in the town suitable for a meeting-house. Amherst at first opposed the annexation, but afterwards voted to take a part of the town if Monson would be at the expense of the annexation. Accordingly, an act was passed annexing to Amherst that part of Monson in- cluded in these limits: "From Souhegan River, southerly by the town of Merrimack, two miles; from thence west to the west line of Monson ; from thence northerly to the river, and from this point down the river to the first place mentioned." The remainder of the town was annexed to Hollis. Thus was dismembered a town of the best natural facilities for no better reason than that the geographical centre was not smooth and level enough for a meeting- house common. Amherst held these rich Monson intervales until 17U4, when, on the incorporation of Milford, she surrendered them, with other choice lands upon the north side of the river, giving up in 17'.i4 more than she had received in 1770. The act of the Assembly by which the counties were organized was entitled " An Act for dividing the Pm\ in-c in in Counties and for the more easy admin- istration of Justice." It provided for l be erection of three courts of justice and foi necessary county buildings. The courts were named, — First, the Superior Court of Judicature, which was to be the supreme tribunal of the province ; this court existed until 1813, when the Federalists, having the political power in the State, abolishedit for the purpose id' letting rid of politically obnoxious judges and erected the Superior Judicial Court, which, in turn, was overturned in 1816 by the Democratic Republicans, and the Superior Conn of Judicature re-erected. The last-named court con- tinued to be the court of last resort until the year 1855, when the American or Know-Nothing partj , com- ing into power, abolished it and re-established the Supreme Judicial Court, which, in turn, in 1874, was abolished and the Superior Court of Judicature estab- lished. This court existed until 1876, when it was succeeded by the Supreme Court, now in existence. In 1813 it was claimed that the Legislature could not, by changing the name and, in some minor partic- ulars, the functions of a court, get rid of its judges in a summary manner; that the only way was by address for cause shown or by impeachment. But however much politicians and jurists may differ as to the soundness of the policy of such radical legislation, it seems now to be well settled that this method of procedure has been and is constitutional, else the first court erected under any fundamental law could never be changed, though time and experience should show it to have grave defects. The chief justices of the Supreme Court of the State, under its various names, have been as follows: Before the Revolution, Theodore Atkinson and Mesheck Weare; since the Revolution, Mesheck Weare, Samuel Livermore, Josiah Bartlett, John Pickering, John Dudley, Simeon Olcott, Jeremiah Smith, Arthur Livermore, William M. Richardson, Joel Parker, John J. Gilchrist, Andrew S. Woods, Ira Perley, Samuel D. Bell, Henry A. Bellows, Jonathan E. Sar- gent, Edmund L. Gushing and Charles Doe. But two of these distinguished men were bom in Hillsborough County, — Jeremiah Smith, at Peterborough, and Samuel D. Bell, at Francestown. But one judge has been removed by address of the Legislature (and in this case nothing worse was charged than inability to discharge the duties of the office by reason of old ago. and no judge of our State courts has been impeached; a judge of the United States District Court for the district of New Hamp shire was charged with drunkenness and conduct unbecoming a judge, and was tried by the Senate of the United States ; he admitted his irregularities, but defended upon the ground that he was not intoxicated as a justice, but as plain Mr. ; the Senate, however, were of opinion that when Mr. was intoxicated the court was drunk, and he was removed from office. The next court in order of jurisdiction wa- the HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Inferior Court of Common Pleas. While the Superior Court of Judicature had cognizance of all questions of law and divorce, and ultimately was clothed with equity powers, the Inferior Court of Common Pleas was the tribunal in which all ordinary controversies were settled; this court, established in 1771, continued under the name of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas and the Court of Common Pleas (excepting that it was discontinued from 1820 to 1825) until 1859, when it was abolished and all the business of the court transferred to the Supreme Judicial Court. In 1874 it was revived and continued to exist until 1876 when its business was transferred to the Supreme Court' The third and last court provided for by the bill to organize the counties was entitled the Court of Gene- ral Sessions of the Peace ; this court had for judges or justices all the justices of the peace in commission for the county of Hillsborough; it had a limited juris- diction in criminal complaints, and was attended by a grand and petit jury ; it had also the entire control of all financial affairs of the county ; the number of justices attending the earlier terms of this court rarely exceeded ten ; some later terms were attended by forty or more justices, depending upon the number in com- mission from time to time ; the law did not require the justice to reside in the county for which he was commissioned, and some of the most distinguished men of the State, residing in other counties, were commissioned for this county and had the right to sit in this court. This court continued as at first organized until 1794 it was a cumbersome piece of judicial machinery; it was a matter of choice with the justices how many should sit at any particular term, ami it was claimed by Samuel Dana, in the Legislature of the State, at the time the court was abolished, that parties having causes to be heard at any particular term were accus- tomed to stir up the justices and obtain the personal attendance of their friends at court. In 1 79 1 the functions of this court were incorporated into the Court of Common Pleas, some of the judges of the last court (side judges, as they were called) attending to financial matters, and special committees appointed for that purpose laving out highways. The sessions docket, which we now have as a branch of the business of our general term in the Supreme Court, but formerly in the Common Pleas, is the remnant of this ( lourt of General Sessions of the Peace. In 1855 a board of county commissioners was insti- tuted to act in conjunction with the court in adminis- tering the financial affairs of the county and in laying out highways. With the addition of this auxiliary tribunal, the services of side judges, men generally of sound practical sense, but of no legal learning, were dispensed with. It is generally supposed that these judges were but ornamental appendages to the learned judge who actively presided in the court ; but, in addi- tion to the discharge of the duties now substantially performed by the county commissioners, they often aided the court by their sterling common sense in matters requiring not legal learning merely, but an acquaintance with men and the ordinary concerns of life, which is not always possessed by learned law- yers. There were but three lawyers resident in the county before the Revolution, — Atherton, at Amherst ; Champ- ney, at New Ipswich ; and Claggelt, at Litchfield,— but prominent attorneys from other parts of the State attended all the sessions of the court. It would be useful, and perhaps not uninteresting, to examine into the condition of the statute and com- mon law at the time of the organization of the county. The limit of this paper will not permit anything like an exhaustive enumeration of the laws then in force, and allusion only will be made to some most at variance with the present code. In 1771, Lord Mansfield was chief justice of the Court of King's Bench in England, and for nearly half a century had devoted his entire energies to per- fecting the common law of that realm ; neither before nor since has any one man done so much towards making secure the reciprocal rights of the govern- ment and the governed, judged by the standard of the civilization of that day. The common law of Eng- land was brought over and became a part of the law of the colonies by the settlers of this continent; vari- ous modifications were made in the statutes to conform to the necessities of a new country, but in the main the inhabitants of the State were amenable to the same legal conditions as the inhabitants of England one hundred and fourteen years ago. There were eight capital crimes in the province at that time, now bin <>uf, severe penalties were meted out for small offenses; matters which are now left to the tribunal of the individual conscience were then made subjects of statute law, the violations of which were punishable in courts; the whipping-post, the pillory and the stocks were recognized as suitable appliances to have a place in the machinery of a Christian government, and all existed in connection with the jail and court- house until the commencement of the present century. In punishment of crime, distinctions were made founded upon the color or condition of the party to suffer the penalty. Benefit of clergy, or the exemption of the clergy from penalties imposed by the law for certain crimes was in existence in England and not abolished until the reign of George IV. The history of this exemption is long, and was thoroughly woven into the texture of English criminal law ; its practical working was to exempt the clergy from the punish- ment affixed to most crimes ; it was no inconvenient thing to be able to plead benefit of clergy, and at one time not only those regularly in orders, but all retainers of the church and someothers claimed the privilege. To make certain who were entitled to this plea, before the time of Henry VII. a statute was passed extending the exemption to only such as could read. EARLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. A single instance is found where this plea was made in this county in colonial times. Israel Wil- kins, of Hollis, was indicted at the September term, 1773, of the Supreme Court, for the murder of his father; he was found guilty of manslaughter; he then prayed the benefit of clergy, which was granted; the court branded the brawny part of his thumb with the letter T, confiscated his personal estate and let him A creditor, until the passage of the revised statutes in 1842, upon any debt, could seize his debtor, and, in default of payment, throw the victim into prison and keep him there until he had paid the last farthing. One of the chief justices of the Court of King's Bench was imprisoned early in life for debt, and dur- ing his confinement of five years entered upon and completed his legal studies and became one of the best of English pleaders. Defendants held for this purpose at first were con- fined as closely as prisoners awaiting trial or serving outa sentence, but as the minds of men became lib- eralized they were allowed some privileges not com- mon to the average criminal. Jail limits were estab- lished in time, and the debtor allowed the privilege of going a certain number of rods from the jail. Within the present century men have been confined at Amherst for debt, one, two, three and even four years, and in several instances carried on extensive mercantile business while prisoners at the suits of creditors. A lawyer by the name of Shattuck, held for debt, established his family within the jail limits, built a house and practiced law with considerable success for several years. The law is now so lenient that it has become difficult to collect honest debts. It is not an uncommon thing to find the wife owning the home- stead—and a pretty large one sometimes— and the hus- band owing all the debts. The organization of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace was first perfected and was really the act by which the county was organized. Its first book of records contains twenty pages, six inches by nine, and covered with common brown paper. The first entry is as follows: "At a Court of General Sessions of the Teace, held for the purpose of preparing a prison, raising money, etc., pursuant to an act of said proT- ince, entitled an act for dividing the same into Counties and for the more easy administration of Justice, held in the public meeting-house in Am- herst, within and for the county of Hillsborough, in said province, on the sivth day of May, in the eleventh year of his Majesty's reign, A.D. 1771, held by adjournment fr tin- hist Thursday after the first Tuesday of April last. ' John Gofi-e, ' E. G. LEorWTCHE, 'John Hale, ' John Shepherd, . ' Samuel Hobaht, 1 Saxuel Blodget. "Appointed J. dm Shepherd, Jr., Clerk, ;.r, to (lie house of Jonathan Smith, Inii-ludder i met at the house of said Smith. " Appointed Samuel Ilobart, John Shepherd, Jr., and Benjamin Whit- ing, Ksii'r, a committee t<> cause said prison to be built. "Appointed Saml. Hol.uit, Es,|., Treasurer. "Ordered, That the committee ab.resaid provide a suitable house in said Amherst and make it fit to keep 'prisoners in until a prison can be built." In accordance with this vote, temporary accommo- dations were provided. John Goft'e, whose name is at the head of the jus- tices of this court and who seems to have taken the lead in the organization of the county, was one of the early settlers atGoffe's Falls, on the Merrimack River, living at different times on both sides of the stream. He commanded the regiment raised in this vicinity in 1760, and was present at the capture of St. John's, Montreal and Quebec. His regiment mustered at Litchfield, and on the 25th of May he issued the fol- lowing unique order: "i ', .1,,n. 1 CnV requires the officers to lie answerable Unit the lien's shirts are changed twice every week at bust ; that such as have hair that will admit of it, must have it constantly tyed ; they must be obliged to comb their heads and wash th.-ir hands every morning ; ;iud i> it is ,h- served that numbers .f ui-oi mrii-i themselves t" wear woolen night- caps in the day-time, he allows them iiats ; they are ordered for the fu- ture not to be seen in the day-time with anything besides their hats on their heads, as the above-mentioned custom of wearing night-iups must lie detrimental to their health and cleanliness. Tie- men's hats to be all cocked in uniform, as Colonel ib-tle pleases to direct." Colonel GofFe marched his regiment across the ferry tit Thornton's, (then Lutwyche's) Ferry, and thence up the Souhegan River to Amherst ; thence to the ford- way tit Monson (now Milford village); thence on the south side of the river for the larger part of the way to Wilton, and thence to Peterborough by way of the notch in the mountains to the east of Peterborough ; thence by way of Dublin to Keene; thence up the valley of the Connecticut to Charleston. From Honton to Keene his route lay mostly through a wilderness, and this distance the regiment cut a road for the transportation of their baggage and provisions. Amherst and Peterborough were incorporated the year of Colonel Goffe's march through the county ; but there was no sufficient highway from Peterbor- ough to Amherst, the principal route of travel from Peterborough to the sea-coast being through the towns of Mason, and Townsend in Massachusetts. Wilton was not incorporated until two years Inter, ami Milford not until tin- year 1794. Colonel GofFe, though a man of war, was a thor- oughly religious man. He often officiated as chaplain in his regiment, and after his military career was ended, and he was a resident of Bedford, he sometimes officiated in the pulpit in the absence of the clergy- man of the town. He was the first judge of Probate for this county, and nitty justly be ranked with the prominent men of ante-Revolutionary times. Edward Goldstone Lutwyche, whose name appears as the second justice upon the roll, was an English gentleman not long in the country, at this time resid- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Ing at Thornton's Ferry, then called, from the name < if its owner, Lutwyche Ferry. He was colonel of the regimen! at the breaking out of the War of the Revo- lution, huf on the Declaration of Independence joined the English and left the country. His name appears among the twenty -four whose e-iaos »nv . at the close <>t' the war. Captain John Hale, another of the justices, was a prominent citizen of Hollis. He held a military commission and represented his town in the General Court in 177.3; was a successful physician, having practiced his profession many years in Hollis; was surgeon in the army during the French and Indian and also the Revolutionary War. After serving his generation in two wars and in many years of peace, he died in the summer of 1791. Samuel Hobart, a colleagueof Hale, was a resident of Hollis; wa> register of deeds for this county from its organization to 1776, and its first treasurer. He frequently served the courts in the capacity of auditor and upon financial committees, and was the most practical business member of thecourt. While regis- ter of deeds he resided in Hollis, and during a por- tion of the time kept the registry at that place. He was also a member of the New Hampshire Com- mittee of Safety. Samuel Blodgett, another justice, was a resilient of what is now Manchester, at that time GofFstown ; was for many years at work upon a plan to put a canal around Amoskeag Falls. Having spent his own large fortune in the enterprise and failed, he subsequently obtained authority from the State to raise large sums of money by lottery to aid in the building of his locks and canal, and afterwards authority for a second lottery was granted, the pro- ceeds of which were to go towards the same object. Massachusetts afterwards gave him the same privilege and repeated the grant in 1806. After a prolonged struggle his enterprise was completed, and he had the satisfaction of seeing his work an acknowledged success. He was an active and useful member of this court, and a most striking example of untiring perseverance. John Shepherd, Jr., was a resident of Amherst at this time. In addition to many places of trust which he worthily filled, he is found in the year 1766 pre- siding at a town-meeting in Derryfield (now Manches- ter). It happened on this wise: a small minority of the legal voters had irregularly called a town-meeting and chosen a full complement of officers for the year in the absence of a large majority of the voters. The Governor and ( reneral Assembly, on petition, annulled the proceedings of this meeting, and ordered a new election, am! n special act authorized John Shep- herd, Jr.. of Amherst, to call a meeting of the lega 1 voters of Derryfield, and to preside in tie ting until a full list of town officers was chosen. Reuben Kidder, another justice of this court, was if- inguished citizen of the town of New Ipswich, a large farmer and one of the most influential men of his neighborhood. He was the only justice in his town before the Revolution, having settled near the hill or mountain in New [pswich which hears his name. He maintained a style of living superior to most of his neighbors; having held two offices under the King, the War of the Revolution found him a mod- erate Tory; Imt the respectability of hischarai ter and the rectitude of his intentions saved him from arrest and imprisonment. Matthew Thornton was a justice of this court five years before he signed the Declaration of Indepen- di qci and before he became a resident of the county, (the law then not requiring a justice to reside in the county tor which he was commissioned). In 1780 he came to Merrimack; was a physician in good standing, and visited professionally most of tin- towns in the county. In addition to the many promi- nent positions he occupied in the province and State, he was at one time chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and afterwards one of the judges of the Superior Court of Judicature. He died in the year 1803, at the age of eighty-eight, having written political essa\s for the press after he had completed his fourscore years. William Clark, of New Boston, engaged as sur- veyor of land, and the only man in town commis- sioned as justice of the peace by royal authority, was a member of this court. His sympathiesat first were not with the patriots, but after the Revolution he served his constituents in every position within their gift. Moses Nichols, one of the justices, was a native of Reading, Mass. He was a physician by pro- fession, and practiced many year- at Amherst; was appointed colonel of the Sixth Regiment in December, 177ti; was at Bennington under Starke. He was register of deeds for this county from 1776 until his death. Wiseman Claggett, one of the justices, had been the King's solicitor-general, and left the office on ac- count of dissatisfaction with the home government. He came to Litchfield to reside in December, 1771; was an efficient prosecuting officer, attaching great consequence to his position ; was active in the Revo- lution, ranking among the foremost in zeal for the success of the colonists. He was made attorney-gene- ral of the State in 177o, and held the position until 1783. Joshua Atherton, of Amherst, Mathew Patten, of Bedford, James Underw 1, of Litchfield, Robert Fletcher, of Dunstable, Noah Worcester, of Hollis, Francis Blood, of Temple. Zacheas Cutler, of New Boston, and other prominent citizens of the county were from time to time justices of this court. The course of business must have been different from the order pursued in most judicial tribunals, for among the rules promulgated tor the government of the court were the following: EARLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. "II. That all sj lies intended lor ihe roml ]><■ addre^-ed to the president. " III. That i/vitv member speaking to the president shall t the jury. < >ne indictment made up the sum total of the findings of the grand jury. The unfortunate individual by them presented answered to the name of Jonas Stepleton. He was brought to the bar, and being arraigned, pleaded guilty and threw himself upon the mercy (if the court. The mercy of the court was dealt out as follows: "It is ordered that the -aid Stopletoll he whipped 1\\ eiity -hipe- . . 1 1 I le naked back at the public whippingpost, between the horn's of one and two of the ..ftern of this :;d day of October, and that he pay N. ilium Baldwin, the owner of the goods stolen, forty-four pounds lawful money, being tenfold the value of the goods stolen (the g Is stolen being re" turned) and that in default of the payment of -aid tenfold damages and costs of prosecution, the said Nahnin Baldtn in be authorized to dispose ul the said Jonas in servitude to any of Hi- Majesties' subjects for the spai • ■ from tin- d.ix In the Superior Court, a little later, one Kerf was convicted of arson, and received the following sen- tence : "It is therefore considered by the Court that the said Michael Keef i;- guilty, and il is ord. red and adjudged thai be sit one hour on the gal- lows with a rope round his neck and be whipped thirty stripes on bis naked hack, on Thursday, the tenth da \ ol June next, between l be hours of ten and twelve o'clock in the forenoon ; that he be imprisoned six months from the said tenth day of June, and give bonds for his good be- haviour in the sum of one hundred pounds, with two sureties in the sum of fifty pounds each, for the' space of two year- from the expiration of said six months, and pay the o>st> of prosecution, taxed at lime ] mis, Beven shillings and ten pence, anil stand committed till sentence be per formed." Benjamin Whiting, one of the committee appointed to look out tho place for a jail, was a resident of Hol- lis, and sheriff of the county at the time of its organi- zation. He adhered to the King, quitted the country on the breaking out of hostilities, was proscribed and forbidden to return and his estate was confiscated. He was a zealous officer of the King, as will appear by an account of some of his official doings, and was a representative man among the Tories of his time. Most of them were men appointed to office by the royal authority, and of course were in sympathy with the general purposes and objects of the government. In a word, like all honest office-holders, they believed in the administration, and had taken an oath to sup- port the laws of their country. May it not In- said that the Tories of the Revolution, with few exceptions, were right-minded men, fearful of change and consti- tutionally opposed to innovations? It seemed to them like desertion of a paternal government to make common cause with those who stood to them as rebels; they also doubted the ability of the colonists to achieve their independence, and were unwilling to put in jeopardy their fortunes in so hazardous an un- dertaking. The lapse of a century leaves them in a somewhat improved condition so far as the morality of their action is concerned. Sheriff Whiting had many obnoxious laws to execute, among others the statute giving every white pine tree from fifteen to thirty-six inches in diametei to the King, for the use of his royal navy ; every man in the province held his land subject to this incum- brance, ami severe penalties were inflicted upon indi- viduals who might use a stick of white pine within the proscribed diameter. There was a surveyor of the King's woods, with many deputies, who were naturally obnoxious to the people. The owner of land, before he commenced cutting, was by law compelled to employ the surveyor or deputy to mark the trees upon the premises fit for masts for the navy, and neglecting to do this, or being too poor to pay the surveyor his fees, the whole was forfeited to the King. Seizures and forfeitures were common wherever the pine-tree grew and mills had been erected. The greatest hostility prevailed against the officers execut- ing the law, and soon extended to the government. The execution of this law in the interior of the prov- ince was with the inhabitants of this county an ex- citing cause of the Revolution. In the winter of 1771 and 1772 an extensive seizure was made in the northern portion of the county. Although the pine is found in most towns in the southern part of the State, it was more abundant upon the Piscataquog River than in other places in this vicinity The great road from Manchester to East Weare, know-n even now as the Mast road, was origi- nally built to facilitate the transportation of masts from Goffstown, Weare, New Boston, Dunbarton and other towns to the Merrimack, to be floated down that stream to the ocean at Xewburyport. A deputy visited this locality in 1771 and 1772 and condemned a large amount of lumber in the mill- yards on the Piscataquog. They were libeled in the Admiralty Court at Portsmouth, and the owners cited to appear and show cause why they should not be forfeited. The citation was published in the New Hampshire Gazette of February 7, 1772, and called upon all persons claiming property in certain enu- merated white pine logs seized by order of the sur- veyor-general in < roffstown and Weare, in the prov- ince of New Hampshire, to appear at a < lourt of Vice- Admiralty to he held at Portsmouth, February 27, 1772, and show cause why the logs should not he foil, it.. 1. The parties interested in the lumber seiz- ure -ul Samuel Blodgett, before spoken of as one of the justices of the Court of Sessions, to Portsmouth to effect a compromise. He made an arrangement by which the informations were to be withdrawn upon the payment of certain sums of money in each case. Blodgett was appointed agent to make this settlement, and was also made a deputy by the surveyor-general. Blodgett, upon his return, sent the offenders a note HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. saying that at the request of many of their number he had made a journey to Portsmouth and obtained leave to settle the complaints in a manner easy to the trespassers, informing them he was appointed a dep- uty of the surveyor, and calling upon them to settle with the King. A settlement was effected with all the owners of logs excepting those at Clement's Mills, in Weare ; they would make no compromise. Accordingly, com- plaints were made out against them and put into the hands of Benjamin Whiting, of Hollis, the sheriff of the county, for service. On the 13th of April, 1772, Mr. Whiting and his deputy, Mr. Quigley, proceeded to serve their warrants. One of the defendants was a Mr. Mudget, residing in Weare. Whiting arrested Mudget, who agreed to give bail next morning. Mudget, instead of getting bailin the usual way. collected a company of his friends during the night, and very early in the morning called upon the sheriff and told him his bail was ready. Mudget's friends were disguised. The officer had not dressed himself for the daj when they rushed upon him in his bed-chamber. He attempted to fire upon them, but was seized, disarmed and severely beaten. A more desperate encounter preceded the capture of Quigley. The horses of both were disfigured by the cropping of their ears, manes and tails. For a time the officers refused to mount these sorry-looking animals, and were helped into their saddles in no ceremonious way. Whiting and Quigley repaired at once to Colonels Goffe and Lutwyce, who at their request ordered out the posse eomitatus, and the force thus raised marched back to Clement's Mills. The rioters had taken to the woods and not a man of them could be found. One was afterwards arrested and lodged in jail; others gave bail for their appearcnce at court. Mudget and seven others, all citizens of Weare, were indicted, pleaded nolo contendere, and were lined by the court for this assault on Whiting. It was an un- justifiable resistance to an officer in the discharge of bis duty, and although the action of the government was oppressive, it was not the proper way in which to inaugurate a revolution. From this time forth the county was in a state of continual political excitement until the opening of the Revolutionary War. The last court record, made upon a half-sheet of crown foolscap, is as follows: " Ann. > llru'ni Io-_'i- eii Tertii. "July session, 1T7:> .lutiti.e- present, John Shepard, Jr., Bloses Nichols, Es.|S. " t.r.i nil Jin hi n 'i | : i -. ii!, William Bradford, Samuel linl ii' v, Will in iii McQuistin. " A in- M sty's Court "i General Sessions of tin- Peace, held at Am- hersl, in and for tin- ohiij!> of H1Iia.11r1.u-l1 uinl Province ot X.-w Hampshire, on the firet Thursdaj next foll..i\ in- tin- first Tuesday in July, 177".. said Coin! elect, .1 Mosc- Nichols, Esq., Clerk pro tem, and aiiji.mii.il >,ml Court ul' General Ses-ions of tile Peace to the first Thurs- day next following the first Tuesday of October next. i-, i I r : 1 Only two justices present, — one presides, the other is clerk pro tempore. The court is adjourned to meet upon a certain day in his Majesty's name, but the coming of that day found the patriotic justices with business to their hands more congenial than holding court in the name of George III. CHAPTER II. THE BENCH AND BAR. Prior to the War of the Revolution there were but three members of the legal profession residing within the present limits of Hillsborough County. These were Hon. Wiseman Claggett, of Litchfield ; Hon. Ebenezer Champney, of New Ipswich; and Hon. Joshua Atherton, of Amherst. Hon. Wiseman Claggett was born at Bristol, England, in the month of August, 1721, and received an early and liberal education in that country. Hav- ing finished his academical studies, he became a stu- dent at the Inns of Court, qualified himself for the profession of the law, and titter going through a regu- lar course of preparatory studies, was admitted a bar- rister in the Court of King's Bench. A few years after his admission to the liar he crossed the Atlantic to the West Indies, settled in Antigua under very flattering circumstances, and was cordially received by the principal inhabitants of the island, particularly by a gentleman of fortune, who, as an inducement for him to remain there, settled on him a handsome annuity for life. He was appointed a notary public and secretary of the island. He dis- charged the duties of these offices with fidelity, and pursued his professional business there with success for several years, until the decease of his particular friend and patron. He then embarked for this coun- try, and settled in Portsmouth. He was admitted an attorney of the Superior Court at the next session after his arrival, and was soon after appointed a jus- tice of the peace. In the exercise of this office he was strict, severe and overbearing. For many years he was the principal acting magistrate in Portsmouth, and his name became proverbial. When one person threatened another with a prosecution, it was usual to say, " I will < 'lagged you." He received the appointment of King's attorney- general for the province in the year 1 7 < j 7 . He took tm early and decided pan in opposition to the oppress- ive acts of the British Parliament at a time when a considerable portion of his property was in the con- trol of the government. Previous to the Revolution he removed to Litchfield, where he possessed a large ami valuable estate on the banks of the Merrimack. He represented that town and Derryfield, classed THE BENCH AND BAR. with it, several years in the General Court. Being omitted one year, the towns of Merrimack and Bedford elected him for their representative, although not an inhabitant of either of those places. He always re- tained a grateful remembrance of this mark of confi- dence and respect, and frequently spoke of it with pleasure. He was for some time a member of the Committee of Safety, and was active, attentive and useful. He was influential in framing and carrying into effect the temporary form of government which was first adopted in New Hampshire, under which the office of solicitor-general was created, and Mr. Claggett was the only person who ever had that appointment; the office ceased at the adoption of the constitution, in 1784, a little previous to his death. He possessed a great flow of wit, which, accompa- nied by his social talents and learning, made him an agreeable companion. He was also distinguished for his classical knowledge. He wrote the Latin language with ease and elegance and spoke it with fluency. He had a fine taste for poetry, and munyjeux d'esprit, the productions of his pen, have been preserved by his friends. He did not possess a perfect equanimity of temper, but was subject at times to great depres- sion of spirits. He died at Litchfield the 4th of De- cember, 1784, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. Ebenezer Champney ' was born at Cambridge in 174:!, and was educated at Harvard University, re- ceiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1762. He was at first designed for the ministry, and to that end studied divinity and preached two years. He re- ceived a call to settle in Township No. 1 (now Mason) ; this was declined, and soon after, he left this profes- sion for that of the law. He prepared himself for this vocation in the office of Hon. Samuel Livermore, and was admitted to the bar at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1768. In June of the same year he removed to New Ipswich, and entered upon the duties of his profes- sion. In the spring of 1783, Mr. Champney went to Groton, where he remained until 1789, was represent- ative in 1784, when he returned to New Ipswich. His first commission as justice of the peace was re- ceived from the celebrated Governor John Hancock, of Massachusetts. In 1795 he was appointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough. The duties of this office were appropriately discharged until his resignation, a few months before his death. Judge Champney married, first, a daughter of Rev. Caleb Trowbridge, of Groton, in 1764, which con- nected him with the distinguished families of Cottons and Mathers. By this marriage he had seven chil- dren, three of whom died in infancy. He became a widower in 177o, and was married again, in 1778, to Abigail Parker, by whom he had four children. She died in 1790, and he was again married, in March, 'Hi6toryof New Ipswich.' 1796, to Susan Wyman, who died the Septcmbei fol- lowing. Judge Champney was a man of very respectable talents, and exercised no inconsiderable influence in the vicinity. During the earlier years of his practice he was the only lawyer between Keene and Groton, and had offices both at New Ipswich and the latter place, in conjunction with his son. The labor of at- tending the courts at that period was very great, the circuit being extensive, and all journeys were neces- sarily performed on horseback. During the controversy between the colonies and the mother-country the sentiments of Mr. Champney were adverse to those extreme measures that led to the Revolution. He was a moderate Tory, and dep- recating a resort to arms, believed that with prudent and moderate counsels all causes of disaffection might be satisfactorily adjusted. He wished to preserve his loyalty and the peace of the country; but, like many others who forebore to take part in the contest, he lived to acknowledge the beneficent effects of that struggle which gave us our liberties and free institu- tions. He died on the 10th of September, 1810, at the age of sixty-seven. HON. JOSHUA ATHEBTON 2 was born in Harvard, Mass., June 20, 1737. He numbered among his class- mates at Harvard, Elbridge Gerry, Jeremy Belknap and other distinguished men. While residing in Litchfield and Merrimack he was intimate with Colo- nel Lutwyche, a retired colonel of the British army, a man of means, of refined tastes, acquainted with the world and used to good society. Having received the appointment of register of Probate for Hillsborough County, Mr. Atherton re- moved from Merrimack to Amherst in the summer of 1773, and was soon busily engaged in the practice of his profession. In a short time, however, as the dis- pute between the mother-country and her American colonies increased in bitterness, as he was an open and avowed Loyalist, he fell under the popular dis- pleasure. In common with many other well-informed men of his time, he was not insensible of the wrongs inflicted upon the colonies by the British government, but saw no prospect of their redress by an appeal to arms. His profession, too, was an unpopular one, and it was an easy matter for the leaders in the new movement to excite the people against him. It is also notice- able that much of the persecution to which he was subjected bad its origin in towns adjoining Amherst, rather than among his townsmen. In 1788 he was chosen a delegate to the convention to ratify or reject the proposed constitution of the United States. Acting upon his own convictions of right and the instructions of his constituents, he op- posed its ratification. - C"inlen*e.:l from Secomh's " History of Amherst.* HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. In 1702 he was appointed a delegate to the conven- tion called to revise the state constitution adopted in 1783. After several sessions the work of this con- vention resulted in the amended constitution adopted '"} the i pie in 1702. which remained unchanged for nearly sixty years. In L793and 1794 he served as Senator in the State Legislature, and in the latter year received the ap- pointment of attorney -general of the State At this time many young nun resorted to his office for in- struction in their chosen profession, William Plunur. William Coleman (afterward of the New York Even- ing Post) and William Gordon being among the num- ber. After the new administration of the affairs of tin- country under the Federal government had gone into operation, and had exhibited proofs of a steady, wise and firm rule over the whole country, he became one of its firmest supporters. In 1798 he was appointed a Commissioner for the county of Hillsborough, under the aei passed l>\ ('un- pen 9th July of that year, providing for the valua- tion of lands, dwelling-houses, etc., in the United States, with a view to levying and collecting direct taxes for the support of government. This act was an exceedingly unpopular one, and his acceptance of office under it revived all the old ill-will against him. He, however, discharged the duties of the office, and had the honor of being hung in effigy at Deering. His health and mental vigor becoming impaired, he resigned the office of attorney-general in 1800, and thenceforth devoted himself to the pursuits of a pri- vate citizen. Hon. Clifton Claggett 1 studied law under the direction of his father and commenced practice in Litchfield in 17S7. whence lie removed to Amherst in 1811. While' residing in Litchfield he represented the town in the General Court several years. In 1802, 1816 and 181S he was elected a Representative to Congress. In 1810 he was appointed judge of Probate for Hillsborough County, and held the office until September, 1812, when, having been appointed one of the judges of the Superior < lourt, lie resigned. From this last office he was removed, upon the reorganiza- tion of the court, by the Federal party the following year. In 1823 he was appointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough, and held the office until his death. Dr. John Farmer wrote of him : " Without any com- manding powers, hut with the possession of respecta- ble attainments. Judge ( 'laggott gave his constituents, and the public generally, that satisfaction which has not always been imparted by those of higher acquisi- tions, or bj those of the most popular and splendid talents." Hon. Samuel Dana was horn in what is now i By Daniel F. Sei omh. Brighton, .Mass.. January 14. 1739. He graduated from Harvard, and in 1781 was admitted to the Hills- borough bar. He resided in Amherst. In November, 1782, he was chosen a delegate to the convention which framed the constitution of the State. Shortly after the adoption of the constitution he was appointed a justice of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, but declined toaccept the office. In 17V> In- was appointed register of Probate for Hills- borough County, and held the office until January 9, 1780. when he was appointed judge of Probate. This office he resigned December 21, 1702. saying, in the letter conveying his resignation, that "for the sup- port of my family I am obliged to practice as an attorney, and there is danger that I may not always be able to distinguish between a fee to the attorney and a bribe to the judge." In 1793 he was chosen to the State Senate to rill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Joshua Atherton. He died April 2. 1798. Charles Humphrey Atherton, son of Joshua Atherton, born in Amherst, graduated at Harvard College in 1794; read law with Joshua Atherton and William Gordon ; commenced practice in 1707; Re- presentative in Congress 1815-17 ; register of Probate 1798-1837; died January 8, 1853. He occupied a prominent place in the Hillsborough County bar for nearly fifty years. He was a prudent and judicious counselor and a faithful advocate. As a Probate lawyer he had lew equals and no superiors in the State. He represented the town of Amherst in the' reneral Court in 1823, 1838 and 1839, and served many years on the superintending school committee of the town, ever manifesting a deep interest in the prosperity of its common schools. Franklin Pierce' was born at Hillsborough, N. H., November 23, 1804. His lather. I General Ben- jamin Pierce, served throughout the Revolutionary War, and in 1827 and 1820 was Governor of New Hampshire. The early youth of Franklin Pierce ex- hibited great mental promise, and it was the aim of his family that his education should lie thorough. His initiatory and academical courses took place at Hancock, Francestown and Exeter, and in 1820 he entered college at Bowdoin, -Me., where Rev. Dr. Stone, Nathaniel Hawthorne, John P. Hall. James Bell and others no less celebrated subsequently, were his classmates. He took his degree in 1824 and spent the three following years in the study of law, at North Hampton, Mas>.. and Amherst. In 1827 he was admitted to the bar, and opened his office in his native town, where his success was speedy and great, largely because his application was equal to his ability. It was earlj seen in his career that he would attain the very highest local celebrity, — a con- viction that was ultimatclv f'ullv realized. While so 'fi 77?&/i«y. • THE BENCH AND B \\\. earnestly applying himself to his duties as a lawyer he espoused himself with great zeal to the cause of Democratic principles, and during the second year of his legal practice, and for two subsequent years, he was chosen to represent Hillsborough in the State Legislature. In 1832 and 18:;:: he was also Representa- tive and Speaker of the House. This and associate honors were not won by any underhand action, but by a firm adherence to political principle, eloquence in debate, unquestioned capacity for public business, uniform courtesy and an exhibition of frankness and manliness of character. In the second year of his incumbency as speaker, being then in his twenty- ninth year, he was elected to represent his native district in the United States Congress, which lie did in that and the succeeding Congress with much ability and credit. In 1837 he was chosen by the Legislature to repre- sent New Hampshire in the United States Senate, and his statesmanship was such as to be the subject of universal encomiums among men of all parties. Though one of the youngest, he was one of the most influential of that then nio*t distinguished body. Few public men had such power as he in making friends, and very few had a wider circle of admirers. From causes ofapurely personal and domestic nature. Senator Pierce resigned his office in 1842, and came home to Concord, where he had removed his family some years previously, and resumed his profession as a lawyer. In 1845, owing to the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the appointment of Hon. Levi Woodbury to the Superior bench, the successorship was offered by Governor John Steele to Mr. Pierce, but was gratefully declined. He also declined the nomination for Governor of the State and a seat in the Cabinet of President Polk. In his declinatory letter to the President he said that when he left the Senate he did so with the fixed pur- pose never again to be voluntarily separated from his family for any considerable time, except at the call of his country in time of war. When the Mexican War broke out, in 1S47, a battali f soldiers was called for from New Hampshire, and Mr. Pierce was among the very first to enlist as a private soldier, and one of the most earnest in the ranks at drill. He was com- missioned March .'!, 1*47. as brigadier-general, and sailed with a detachment from Newport, R. I., and landed at Vera Cruz on the following 28th of June. He left Vera Cruz with his brigade lor the Mexican interior the succeeding month to reinforce General Scott. On the way, with his two thousand four hun- dred men, several severe skirmishes with guerrillas took place, in all of which the enemy was defeated. He carried his force, losing very few men, to Pu- ebla, where they joined the army of the command- ing general. Contreras, Cherubusco, Molino and Chapultepec were hard-fought fields, on which he liberally shared the honors of victory, as the official reports of these actions abundantly and creditably show. An eminent military otlicer, in re- viewing the history of these struggles and the merits of the leaders therein, says : " 1 have reason to believe that every old otlicer in the army will sustain me when I say of General Pierce that in his service in Mexico he did his duty as a son of the republic, that he was eminently patriotic and gallant, and that it has added a laurel to his beautiful civic wreath." It would be unjust to his memory to neglect mentioning In- remarkable regard for the comfort ami health of the men under his command; with untiring vigi- lance and open hand he administered without stint or measure to the alleviation id' their privations and their sufferings. In 1847, when peace with Mexico was assured, General Pierce returned home to meet the welcome of his many friends and to realize the highest h rs they could bestowupon him. Among them was the presentation of a splendid sword by the State Legislature, as a token of esteem for him as a man and of his gallantry as a soldier. From the period of his return from Mexico up to 1852 he de- voted himself to his profession, his principal political action being his presiding at the Constitutional ( ^in- vention of the State, which met at Concord in L850. Some that are now alive, and were present in court at Manchester, in May, 1850, will never forget the won- derful eloquence, the powerful logic and the amazing legal skill which he exercised preceding the acquittal of both the Wcntworths, of Saco, Me., charged with the murder of Jonas Parker, in Manchester, in 1845. As an orator, he presented his thoughts in a style that would do credit to any age or nation. His remarks on the death of Daniel Webster are unexcelled in the English language. In 1852 the New Hampshire State Democratic Convention recommended him as a candidate for the Presidency ; but he declined, for reasons modestly assigned by himself, to allow his name to be used in that relation. However, the Na- tional Democratic Convention, which met in Balti- more in June of 1852, after forty-nine ballot-, gave him the nomination by a vote of two hundred and eighty-two against eleven. The enthusiasm demon- strated all over the nation in favor of General Pierce was unprecedented, and the result of the campaign was his election over General Scott, the Whig candi- date, the Pierce electoral vote being two hundred and fifty-four and that for Scott forty-two. President Pierce was inaugurated at Washington March 4, 1853. he being then in his forty-ninth year. He had called to aid him a Cabinet C posed of men of rare ability. A member of thatcabinet has truth- fully said, — " Tbe administration ■■! Franklin Pierce presents the only instance in ' il'i i :■■ l.in \,mi- uifliouta single c1i.mil:.- it. n- . - ■ w tie remembered that there was much itj.-.-iiiiil.ilit>. it li. ■! ill- -'11^111 1 ly, ■■! . hin.i. 1. I imi.-li- tin- men il mts ot tlntt c.iMimi. - .hm- !■!■ .i ina> I't- !'■■ •! "i [lie p iwer over men pose ssed and exercised bj Mr Pierce Chivalrous, generous, amiable, on* lo bie fooriil- and to bis faith, frank ami ho]. I in t.i- .!.■< limit ion of liis opinions, tie neve] deceived any om-. Ainl if ir.-.-nln-ry Innl e ver come near him, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the presence of his truth, bis maulinese Among the more important events of his adminis- tration were the dispute respecting the boundary be- tween the United States and Mexico, resulting in the acquisition of Arizona: the exploration of the routes proposed for a railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific ; the amicable settlement of a serious dispute with Great Britain about the fisheries; the affair of Martin Kozta; the repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise; the organization of the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska; the Ostend conference; the treaty negotiated at Washington providing for commercial reciprocity between this country and the Canadian provinces ; the treaty with Japan negotiated in 1864 by Commodore Perry ; the dismissal of the British minister at Washington and the British consuls at New York. Philadelphia and Cincinnati. While much political agitation marked the term of his of- fice, still it was a period of remarkable prosperity to the nation. President Pierce's devotion to his coun- try ami tiag was never shaken or impaired by any misrepresentation or abuse on the part of his politi- cal enemies. In public and in private life his speeches ami correspondence evince a sincere sympathy witli the Union and a devotion to the principles of the Union, to which he had been from childhood a most earnest and sincere advocate. On retiring from the Presidential chair, and after a brief sojourn at home, he visited Europe and trav- eled extensively over Great Britain and the continent. Everywhere he was received with marked attention and respect, although he eschewed all ostentation. He returned after an absence of about three years and devoted himself almost entirely to the duties of a common citizen. Socially, no man had more or deeper respect than he, during the period spent by him in political retirement. He was beloved by young and old, and there was no partisan limit to that affection. President Pierce died childless. His wife was Mary A. Appleton, who gave him two sons, Benjamin and Frank ; the latter died when but a child, and Ben- jamin was killed in a railroad accident near Andover, Mass., soon after his lather's election as President. Mrs. Pierce died in 1863, and President Pierce passed away < Ictober 9, 1869. The event was a universal cause for mourning; high honors, local and national, were paid to his memory. The family lie buried in the beautiful new cemetery at Concord, N. H. Hon. Charles Gordon Atherton ' was born at Amherst, in Hillsborough County, N. H., July 4, 1804. He graduated at Cambridge University, in 1818, with unusual reputation for ability and scholar- ship at an early age. He studied law in the office of his distinguished father, Hon. Charles H. Atherton, was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-one and i l'.v Hon. L. B. Cluu^li. established himself in business in the town of Dun- stable (now Nashua), in his native county. In his profession his success was decided and his rise rapid. His mind, clear, logical and strong, with the ballast of excellent common sense, the adornments of a quick, fancy and a cultivated taste, was admirably adapted to the studies and the labors of the law. So far as was permitted by the interruptions of political life, he continued to the last in the active practice of his chosen profession. As a lawyer, it is not too much to say of him that he stood in the front rank of a bar which has always been fruitful of legal strength and acumen ; his place was side by side with such com- peers as Pierce, Woodbury, Parker, Bartlett and Bell —following, but not unworthily, in the path of those earlier "giants of the law," Webster, Mason and Jeremiah Smith. In 1830 he commenced his public career as a Repre- sentative from Nashua in the New Hampshire Legis- lature, and continued in this office for a period of several years. He was Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives for the last three of those years. In March, 1837, he was chosen one of the Representatives of New Hampshire in the national Congress, where he remained for three successive terms, At the ex- piration of that period he was transferred to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years ; successor to John P. Hale at being re-elected to the Senate in March, 1853, occupying a seat in that body during the executive session succeeding the inaugura- tion of President Pierce. He was also a member of the Baltimore Convention which nominated General Pierce for the Presidency. Mr. Atherton died Novem- ber 15, 1853. Hon. Charles Frederick Gove, A.M., 2 the son of Dr. Jonathan anil Polly (Dow) (Jove, was born at Goffstown, May 13, 1793. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1817; read law at Harvard Law School, graduating LL.B. in 1820; began practice in Goffs- town; was assistant clerk of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1829; represented Gotis- town there in 183(1, 1831, 1832, 1833 and 1834; was in the New Hampshire Senate, and elected its president in June, 1835 ; solicitor of Hillsborough County from 1XM4 to 1835, when he was appointed attorney-general and .served until 1842, and circuit judge of the Court of Common Picas from 1842 to 1848; then became superintendent of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad. He removed from Goflstown to Nashua in 1839; mar- ried Mary Kennedy, daughter of Ziba Gay, of Nashua, September 22, 1844. He died at Nashua, October 21, 1856, aged sixty-three years. He was a man of great energy of mind and character, but unfortunately pos- sessed of a feeble constitution. John Gove, D.C., was bis half-brother. Judge Gove, in private and public life, sustained the character of an upright, honorable man. Ever of = Bj- Hon. L. B. Clough. THE BENCH AND BAR. a slender constitution, yet his industry and energy led him to fill the various public offices with which he was honored with credit to himself and to the general acceptation of the public. He was equally firm in his friendship and in his enmity. Hon. Samuel H. Ayer, 1 son of Dr. Aver, was born in Eastport, Me., in the year 1810. He gradu- ated at Bowdoin College in 1839, and afterwards com- menced the study of law in the office of Messrs. Pierce & Fowler, at Concord. He was admitted to prac- tice in Hillsborough County, and opened an office at Hillsborough in 1842. For five successive years he represented the town of Hillsborough, from 1845 to 1849, the last two years of this time being Speaker of the House of Representatives. In 1847 he was ap- pointed solicitor of the county of Hillsborough, and successfully performed the duties of said office until his death. He removed to Manchester in 1850, and opened an office in connection with B. F. Ayer. Although of the same name, he was not related by blood to B. F. Ayer. In 1852 he was one of the commission for revising the statutes of the State, and in connection with the late Governor Metcalf and Calvin Ainsworth, in June, 1853, submitted their compilation to the Legislature, known as the " Compiled Statutes." He was a pleas- ing and effective speaker, frank, generous and just, and wiin the esteem of all who knew him. Hon. S. H. Ayer died October 4, 1853, aged thirty-four years. Hon. George W. Morrison. 2 — The family of Morrison was originally of Scotland, a branch of which emigrated to the north of Ireland about the middle of the fifteenth century, and settled in Lon- donderry. " Charter " Samuel, so called because he was one of the grantees of Londonderry, N. H., was among the first settlers of that town. He was there as early as 1721, and signed the petition for a charter. James Morrison, father of George W., was born in Londonderry, N. H., in 1781, and removed with his father, Samuel, grandson of Charter Samuel, to Fair- lee, Vt., about the year 1791. When quite young he was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner, served his time faithfully, learned his trade and learned it well, and after his emancipation, followed the business in- dustriously for many years. With the proceeds of his labor he purchased a farm at Fairlee, to which, during the latter years of his life, he devoted his principal attention. Physically., he was a noble specimen of a man ; had a good figure, very strongly built, and weighed more than two hun- dred pounds. He possessed a well-balanced' mind, sound judgment and a vigorous understanding. He died in full strength at sixty, without an infirmity or even a grey hair upon him. In 1802 he married Martha Pelton, daughter of John Pelton, of Lyme, N. H. She was a lady of excellent understanding, 1 By Hon. L. B. Clough. ■ By David P. Per modest and retiring in her manners, managed her household with great discretion and good sense, and bestowed upon her family of nine children all the wealth of a mother's love. She died at Fairlee, July 14, 1870, aged eighty-seven years. Hon. George W. Morrison, the second son of James and Martha, was born in Fairlee, Vt., October 1.6, 1809, lived with his parents and worked on their home farm until the fall of 1830, when he entered i lie Academy of Thetford, and continued there a little more than four months, thus completing his academic course of study. He then entered the office of Judge Simeon Short, of Thetford, as a student-at-law, and read with him and Presburg West, Jr., in all about four years. But while he was pursuing his legal studies in the offices of Judge Short and Mr. West, he was accustomed to return to the farm and assist his father in haying and harvesting. Reaping was his special delight. No man within the circle of his acquaintance, either in Vermont or New Hampshire, could excel him in the use of the sickle. His father was a man of small means ; he had a large family to support ; money was scarce, and George, who was his chief dependence in carrying forward his farm-work, from a sense of filial duty, rendered him all the assist- ance in his power. At the same time he supported himself by teaching school during the winter months, and by hard labor at night in a saw-mill, in the spring of the year. Sawing logs commanded better wages than teaching in the village school. Mr. Morrison was an ambitious young man, am- bitious for success in all his laudable undertakings, and always took the advantage of every means in his power for improvement. By the laws of Vermont, when he was a student, a justice court was entitled to a jury panel of six. Before such a tribunal he often successfully appeared, even while he was a teacher in the common schools, in the defense of some unlucky yeoman. And so, while he was a teacher one winter in Western New York, he gained quite a reputation as a successful practitioner in the justice courts. Such were his preparations for the great duties and responsibilities of his professional and political life. His mental endowments were of a high order, among the most apparent of which were his keen perceptions and his self-reliance. As a student-at-law, in the practice of his profession, in his addresses to the jury or the court, on the hustings, in the State Legislature and in the halls of Congress his self-reliance never forsook him. At the June session of 1835 the Orange County Court was holden at Chelsea, and Mr. Morrison had the sole charge of Mr. West's extensive business, and tried without assistance every case, with one excep- tion. It was at this term he made application for examination, pursuant to admission. He had flatter- ing certificates from both gentlemen with whom he had read, but on their presentation objections were made by some of the young gentlemen of the bar, on HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the ground that the applicant had not complied with the rule-, having read leas than five years. Judge Nutting, author of Nutting's Grammar, used exten- sively in the schools, an accomplished scholar and distinguished lawyer, replied that the young man had not asked for admission to the bar, but for examina- tion ; and as Mr. Morrison believed he possessed a sufficient knowledge of the law to. justify him in sub- mitting to an examination as to his qualifications, he thought that so reasonable a request ought to be granted. Judge Parker, of Bradford, thereupon moved that a committee of three be appointed for such examina- tion. The motion prevailed, and Judge Nutting, Judge Parker and Mr. Ordway were chosen. The committee held three sessions, of two hours each, and gave Mr. Morrison a most thorough and searching examination, which he passed triumph- antly, and on submitting their report to the bar, he was unanimously admitted. Before entering upon the practice of his profession lie traveled somewhat extensively in New York, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire and Maine, and on his way home from the latter State to Vermont, he Stopped awhile at Amoskeag Falls, in Manchester. Its immense water-power attracted his attention. In conversation with some of the leading citizens, he was informed that a company of Boston capitalists hail recently purchased large tracts of land upon both shies. if the river, with the view of building up ex- tensive manufacturing interests. He saw clearly a flourishing manufacturing town springing up in the immediate future, as by magic, holding out singular attract inns to a young and ambitious lawyer. Acting upon his own judgment, with reference to its capacity and business prospects, he decided to make Man- chester his permanent resilience and grow up with the town. It was in the summer of 183(5 that he took up his residence at Amoskeag, and opened an office in an old school-house, near the west end of McGreg- gor's bridge, the only bridge at that time across the Merrimack River within the present limits of Man- chester and about half-way between the two villages of Amoskeag and Piscataquog. At that time there were four lawyers at S. C, — Mr. Norris a United Stat. -s Sen- ator and Mr. Morrison a member of the House of Representatives. The Fourth was a holiday, and Congress was not in session. The writer was with them at his rooms on Capitol Hill ; no other person was present. The Senator, in course of conversation, hap- pened to speak of a certain occasion upon which he had exhibited his great strength, to the surprise of the bystanders. Mr. Morrison playfully replied, " Mosee, 1 could lay you out so easily that you wouldn't know how it was done." "Nonsense!" responded the Senator ; " why, George, I could throw you over my head without an effort." " More easily said than done," replied Mr. Morrison. Then, like two grown-up boys, they took each other at arms- length, and soon commenced to wrestle in good earn- est. Mr. Morrison, fully on his guard, waited and watched the chances for a certain inside lock, the advantages of which he well understood. By-and-by he had the Senator in the desired position, and in- stantly dropping upon the right knee, he laid Mr. Norris uiion his back without any apparent exertion. The Senator sprang to his feet, and said, " That was handsomely done, George. How in the world did you do it ? I did not believe there was a man in Washington who could throw ." Mr. Morrison was elected to the State Legislature, and served during the years of 1840, 1841, 1844, 1849 and 1850. He was one of the most active, useful and efficient members, and his influence was such tin' last years of his service that he usually carried the House with him on all the more important measures. He served one year as chairman of the committee on incorporations, and four years on the judiciary com- mitter, two of which be was chairman. In 1849 a hill was pending in the House for the incorporation of the city of Portsmouth. That provision in the each ward a town, for the •d a good degree id' interest hi the ground of its sup- It was well understood that clause ; n the charter was if Mr. Morrison, and that ipport in bis power. The charter which constitute! purpose of elections, exc and vigorous opposition, posed unconstitutional^;; this particular and uniqi drafted at the sii<_:lo isl em be would give it all the day when he was to speak upon the question was known beforehand, so that all who might take an in- terest in the measure and desired to hear the discus- sion could do so. The result was that many of the leading politicians of the State repaired to the Capital. A full delegation from Manchester, including agents of the corporations and other distinguished citizens, were present. The galleries were crowded, and many of the more favored found seats on the Hoor of the House. Mr. Christie, of Dover, one of the ablest lawyers in the State, having been selected by the opponents of the measure to reply to Mr. Morrison, took his seat, pen and paper in hand, near, and at the right of the Speaker's desk. At length Mr. Morrison arose, look- ing pale and feeble, for he had been quite ill all the session, but his mind was never clearer. As he went on with his argument with reference to the constitu- tionality of the bill, Mr. Christie at first took a few notes, then dropped his pen and listened attentively to the close of the argument. Mi. Morrison sat down ; tie Bouse was perfectly still; not a sound was heard ; all eyes were turned expectantly towards Mr. ('bristle. He did not arise. He declined to speak. The writer was assistant clerk of the House at that time, and asked another distinguished lawyer, a personal and political friend of Mr. Christie, why he declined to answer Mr. Morrison. His reply was, "Mr. Morrison's argument was unanswerable — he was clearly right. And Mr. Christie, upon being con- vinced thift he was right as to the constitutional 16 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. question, declined to reply." Though the charters of the cities of the State have frequently been amended, particularly the charter of the city of Manchester, that provision, constituting each ward a town for the purpose of elections, still remains. In 1845, Mr. Morrison was appointed solicitor of Hillsborough County, discharged the duties of the office nearly four years and resigned. He was a member of the House of Representative in the Thirty-first, and was re-elected and served in the Thirty-third Congress. Mr. Morrison's personal and political relations with President. Pierce had been for many years of the most intimate and confidential character, and as lie was regarded as one of the ablest members of the New Hampshire delegation, the Pres- ident, whose Congressional district he represented, expressed the desire that he support the Kansas-Ne- braska Bill, which he had made one of the leading measures of his administration. He knew very well he could rely upon Mr. Morrison to support every measure of his administration which he deemed would be consistent with his constitutional obligations and for the promotion of the best interests of his country. In a personal interview with the President, Mr. Mor- rison told him his present convictions were against the bill, particularly that clause in it repealing the Missouri Compromise ; that he would make a careful examination of the measure, and would support it if, in his judgment, the interests of the country would demand its becoming a law. He did examine the bill, and examined it thoroughly, after which he in- formed the President that he regarded it as a most dangerous measure, fraught with evils, which, should ii become a law, would lead to the most disastrous re- sults, and, painful as it was to him to differ with the administration upon one of its leading measures, still he must oppose it with all the energies of his mind. Among the reasons assigned at this interview as the ground of his opposition to the measure were that tie- slavery question had but recently been settled by the compromise measures of 1850, and to reopen the subject now, would, in his judgment, be a most dan- gerous experiment, would be disastrous to the Demo- cratic party and to the best interests of the North, and, in his belief, would endanger the perpetuity of the republic itself. In his speech, made a few weeks after this inter- view with the President, Mr. Morrison said,— "On a great question like this— one which will seriously affect the free laborers of the North, will determine the institutions of a vast ter- ritory; one fraught with fearful el.-ineiitsofaisn.nl, which ultimately may endanger the perpetuity of the Union itself— I can follow but one guidl thi convictions of my ownjudgne nt I regret that the friends of this bill had not read and well considered the patriotic denunciation by .letters.. n, with reference to sectional parties, before they sprang this question upon Congress and the country. This is the firsl ittempl in our political history to repeal a great compromise of conflicting interests and opinions between the different sections of the country. This meas- ure contains mere elements i.f .lander and sectional discord than any po- liti. al question of the age. If this bill should I.e. ..m.< a law, I fear the spirit of concession and compromise will have passed awa\ 1,. lever. The Union has, in the judgment of intelligent and patriotic statesmen, been twice preserved trum dissolution by concession aud compromise. When similar questions again arise, as come they may and will, 1 ask, Can other compromises be made if this is stricken down ? if this shall not he sacredly kept and faithfully abided by ? Sir, any man conversant with the prejudices which are enlisted and the obstacles to be overcome in the accomplishment of such compromises must feel aud know the danger; and here let me say, if this Union shall ever be dissolved, history will' surely point to this as the first stride, the entering wedge which led to dissolution and all its fearful consequences. I haw neither time nor in- clination to pursue this thought further. All can .-,■.• th. daiv-er all must feel it." In this great speech he took the ground distinctly that slavery could not for any considerable length of time be forced upon the people of that Territory ; and from the above extracts copied from that speech it appears that he clearly foresaw, should that bill become a law, all harmony between the different sec- tions of the Union would be destroyed, and ultimately result in civil war. Colonel Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri, who had served thirty consecutive years in the Semite of the United States, and had been elected to the House from the St. Louis District to serve as their Repre- sentative in the Thirty-third Congress, was an atten- tive listener during the delivery of this speech, and after its close, remarked to a gentleman who sat near him, "That, is a true man sir; a smart man ; a man of brains, sir." He then went forward, took Mr. Morrison cordially by the hand, and congratulated him in the most sincere and friendly manner. Sev- eral days after, the writer of this sketch, called on Colonel Benton at his house, and listened to his con- versation with reference to the excitement over this question which prevailed throughout the North, when he said that " Mr. Morrison's speech on the Kansas- Nebraska Bill was the ablest speech delivered on that question during this excited and protracted debate." Years afterwards, when the whole country was con- vulsed by the great civil war, the Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the United States Treasury under the lamented President Lincoln, and subse- quently chief justice of the United States Supreme Court, speaking of Mr. Morrison, said, "He was a man of ability and incorruptible honesty. That his course in Congress on the Kansas-Nebraska Bill had made a most favorable and lasting impression upon his mind." But his crowning success in life was that of an ad- vocate, and as such he will be chiefly remembered. In this respect he was endowed with rare gifts, and has had but few equals and no superiors at the New Hampshire bar. He prepared his eases with great care, frequently after the adjournment of the court; would study the evidence far into the night, prepara- tory to his argument in the morning, when men of less nerve would have considered themselves tit sub- jects for medical treatment. He studied the panel as though it had been an open book, and acquainted himself with the peculiarities of each juror. He was apt to seize the salient points in his cause as they THE BENCH AND BAR. 17 presented themselves to the jury, and to study the effect of the evidence as the cause progressed. II. ■ watched the effect upon each juror with great '-arc as the argument proceeded, and could tell with singular accuracy whether he carried his hearer along with him. When he discovered a leaning against him on the part of any doubting juror, he adapted himself tn the views of that juror, with arguments so con- vincing, in a manner of such candor, sincerity and truthfulness, and with an influence so mesmeric that he was quite sure to win him over before he closed. Hi hi. Lewis VV. < lark, associate justice of the Supreme Conn, formerly a law-partner with Mr. Morrison, said of him, in a recent conversation. — "He was the coolest man under fire I have ever Been in court. The most damaging ;■ -■ ■ ■ ■ ' ■ ■ ■. i ' : < 1 1 • ■ . ■ - so tar as the jury could observe, produced no im- pression on his mind; and he exercised wonderful judgment in handling a dangerous witness. He knew when and whore to leave a witness better than any man I ever saw in the trial of causes before a jury." Samuel Dana Bell was born in Francestown, N. H., October 9, 1798. His father was the Hon. Samuel Bell, LL.D., a judge of the Supreme Court, four years Governor of New Hampshire, and twelve years a Senator of the United States, llis mother was a daughter of the Hon. Samuel Dana, of Antrim. N. H. He manifested at an early age the love of study which distinguished him through life. He entered Harvard College in bis fourteenth year, and was graduated in the class of 1816. lie then com- menced the study of the law in the otlice of the Hon. George Sullvan, of Exeter, and was admitted to the bar of the county of Rockingham early in the year 1820, He commenced practice in Mer- edith, where he remained a few months, and then established himself at Chester, then a town of some note and the home of several gentlemen of cultiva- tion, taste and distinction. Entering into practice there, he soon acquired the reputation of being a sagacious, learned and trustworthy lawyer. In 1S23 he was appointed solirhor of Rockingham County; in 1825 and L826 was a member of the Legislature; in 1827 and 1828 was clerk of the House of Repre- sentatives. Mr. Bell remained in Chester ten years, and then removed to Exeter, and for some years was cashier of the Exeter Bank. In 1836 lie removed to Concord, and in 1839 to Manchester. In 1846 be was police judge of Manchester, and two years later was appointed circuit judge of the Court of Common Rica-. In 1849 he was appointed a judge of the Superior Court, and in 1859 was chosen chief justice, which position be occupied until his resignation, in 1864. Judge Bell possessed rare personal qualifications for a position upon the bench. Dignified in appearance and bearing, he was distinguished tor patience and courtesy. He had all au honorable man's aversion and the lower arts of the profe.-sion. He used his position and authority to promote uo par- tisan or partial purposes. The duties of his position wen- always properly discharged, lie was a man of very decided opinions. The purity of Judge I '.ell's public and private life deserves to be mentioned to his honor. The ermine which he wore was unsullied indeed; uo shade of wrong oi' dishonor ever fell uponhisname. When he eame to Manchester, the [present metropolis of t heState was a mere village, with its future all undetermined. Judge Bell entered with interest into every movement for the [prospective welfare of the town. Among the pnhlii enterprises which he was greatly instrumental in establishing was that of the City Library, which, in spite of all drawbacks, is to-day extensive, valuable and incalculably useful to the people. He was also an early member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and for years held its principal offices. He died in Manchester July 21, L868. Daniel Clark, 1 the third child of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Wiggin) Clark, was born in Stratham, Rockingham County, N. II., October 24, 1809. His father was both farmer and blacksmith. He was re- spected by all who knew him for his integrity, lie was industrious, frugal, temperate, kind and obliging. His mother was strong-minded, devoted to her family and \er\ religious. She was not indifferent to the good opinion of others, and was ambitious for the success of her family, and especially of her children. They lived upon a beautiful farm, in the upper part of the town, near the historic town of Exeter. The subject of this sketch remained at home under the can 1 and nurture of his excellent parents until he was thirteen years of age, going to the common district school in summer and winter, or so much of I hi time as it was kept, and a — i.-ting about the ordinary farm- work in vacation. He learned at school easily, and was more fond of his books than of work upon the farm, \t the age of thirteen he was sent with his older brother to the academj in Hampton, N. II.. and put upon the common English studies. lie did not then expect to acquire a more liberal education, al- though his mother bad some undefined notions of a higher course of studies for her son. He continued at Hampton at intervals, there a term and at home a term, helping upon the farm, some four years or more, when be determined to go to college. He pursued his preparatory studies at Hampton, teaching si lino! two winters, and at twenty was prepared for college. He entered Dartmouth College, graduating, in ls:tl. with the first honors of the institution. Rev. Dr. Lord, the president of the college, was then in the prime of his life. Although he had presided over the college but a few years, he had already secured the confidence of its friends, so justly merited, as subse- quently shown by his successful administration of the By Isaac W. Smith. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. affairs of the college for more than a third of acentury. A lining Mr. Clark's classmates were Albert Baker, who entered upon the practice of the law at Hillsborough, N, II., and died at the age of thirty-one, his untimely death extinguishing hopes which his short but bril- liant career had caused his many friends to entertain of his future usefulness; Hon. M ly Currier, LL.D., of Manchester, Governor of New Hampshire; Hon. Richard B. Kimball, LL.D.. of New York City, lawyer, scholar and author; Rev. Edward A. Lawrence, 1>.I>., Marblehead, Mass.; Rev. Newton E. Marble, D.D., Newton, Conn. ; and Professor Alphonso Wood, presi- dent of Ohio Female < lollege. Mr. Clark taught school winters during his college course and while pursuing his professional studies, eight winters in all, including the two years before entering college, defraying, in part, the expenses of his education with the funds re- ceived from teaching. Immediately after graduation he entered the office of Hon. George Sullivan, then the attorney-general of the State, son of General John Sullivan, of Revolutionary fame, at Exeter, and com- menced the study of the law, remaining with Mr. Sullivan a year and a half. He completed his legal studies in the office of Hon. James Bell, afterwards United States Senator, at Exeter, and was admitted to the bar of Rockingham County in 1S37. In the same year he opened an office at Epping, where he remained some eighteen months, and then, in 1839, removed to Manchester, N. II. This thriving city was then just rising from the ground. Not a mill was running, the canal even being unfinished. The only railroad then constructed in the State was the Nashua and Lowell. The telegraph and the telephone had not then been invented. The lumbering stage was the only means of public travel. The rates of postage were high and the mails slow and few. The embryo city was hardly more than a desolate sand-bank, where a lew hundred people had gathered, allured by the prospect of business about to spring up with the im- provement of the water-power at Amoskeag Calls. .Mr. Clark was among the fust to open :i law-office here. He soon acquired an active practice, which afterwards grew to large proportions, ami for twenty years he was employed upon one side or the other of nearly every important trial in the county, attending the courts also in Merrimack and Rockingham Coun- ties. He was employed on behalf of the State in the preliminary examination in the "Parker murder trial," being occupied almost continuously foraperiod of nearly two months. He succeeded in procuring the extradition from Maine of the supposi d murderers after a lengthy trial in that State, and altera hearing, lasting nearly a month, before the Police Court of Manchester, procured their commitment to answer for the crime of murder. Opposed to him as counsel were Genera] Franklin Pierce (afterwards President of the United States), General P. F. Butler, Hon. Josiah G. Abbott and the late Charles 1 1. Atherton, — an array of legal talent seldom seen in this State Mr. Clark was employed for the defense in two capital trials in the fall of 1854,— Curtis' and Marshall's. Marshall was acquitted, and in the case of Curtis the jury disagreed. During the period of his active practice the bar of Hillsborough County was unusually strong. Among its prominent members were Benjamin M. Farley, of Hollis; James U. Parker, of Merrimack; George Y. Sawyer and Charles G. Atherton, of Nashua ; Samuel II. Ayer, of Hillsborough; and Samuel D. Bell and I reorge W. .Morrison, of Manchester. General Pierce, of the Merrimack bar, also generally attended the courts in Hillsborough County. Of these eminent lawyers, Mr. Morrison is the only survivor. General Pierce, as a jury lawyer, had no superior in the State. He hail a very pleasing address, was dignified without being reserved, and possessed a magnetic influence over men, which rendered him a formidable antagonist before jurors. Put, in many respects, Mr. Atherton stood at the head of the Hillsborough bar as a lawyer and advocate. He was a man of scholarly attainments, possessed a graceful diction, had a good command ot language, knew how and when to use sarcasm, could appeal effectively to the passions and prejudices, was thoroughly read in the law and was perfectly at home in the court-room. With these and other able lawyers Mr. Clark spent the most of his active professional life, and he was recognized as their peer. His prac- tice was as varied as it was extensive. Whatever he undertook was thoroughly done. He was loyal to the court, faithful to his clients, courteous to opposing counsel and kind and magnanimous to the younger members of the profession. In his arguments to the jury he was never wearisome. He seized upon the weak points of the other side and the strong points of his own side and made them prominent to the jury. He wasted no time on immaterial matters. While he did not possess the personal magnetism of Pierce or Atherton's power of sarcasm, he could put before a court or jury his case with convincing power and in it- Btrongesl light, and if success did not always attend his efforts, it was not because he failed to present all the favorable views of his case. Legal papers drafted by him were models of accuracy and clearness. They were also remarkable for their brevity, all useless verbiage being avoided. In his writs the cause of action was briefly and clearly sot out, and it was rare that he had occasion to apply for an amendment. His clients became his fast friends. His charges were lerate, and no client went away feeling that undue advantage had been taken of his position or that his interests had not been fully protected. It is unfortunate, perhaps, for his legal reputation that Mr. (.'lark was drawn into polities. But it was his fortune to live in times when questions of great public iutere-t were being di>eu>sed and settled, and it was inevitable that a person of bis ability, education and temperament should not entertain pronounced views on public questions. In the early part of his professional life there was a difference of opinion as jUPtk**/' THK BENCH AND BAR. in tin wisdom of encouraging the extension of manu- facturing and railroad operations in the Statu, and unfortunately the question got into politics, and the two parties took opposite sides. With the acquisition of California came the question of the extension or restriction of slavery, the repeal of the Missouri Com- promise, the civil war, the abolition of slavery and the reconstruction measures after the close of the war. As a rule, the lawyers of New Hampshire have very generally taken an active interest in political ques- tions. Thus circumstanced, it was hardly possible for Mr. Clark not to have some inclination towards politi cal life. In 1842 he was elected one of the repre- sentatives from the town of Manchester to the Legis- lature, and was re-elected in 1843, and again elected in 1846. In 1854, after the adoption of the city charter, he was elected representative from his ward, and re-elected in 1855. In 1849, 1850 and 1851 he was a candidate for the State Senate, but his party being in the minority in the district, he failed of an election. He acted with the Whig party until its dissolution, when he helped to form the Republican party, with which he has since been identified. He was often upon the stump during the campaigns pre- ceding the elections in 1854 and 1855, speaking in every portion of the State, from the sea to the moun- tains. He also took part in the election contests during the decade which immediately followed. Party feel- ing ran high, the contests often being exceedingly- bitter. No speaker was received with greater enthu- siasm or addressed larger audiences. It was largely owing to his labors at the hustings that a change in the political sentiment of the State was brought about. In 1856 he was a member of the National Republican Convention, and in November of that year was elected one of the Presidential electors in New Hampshire, and voted for Fremont and Dayton tor President and Vice-President. In 1855 the Legislature was called upon to elect two United States Senators. For the first time in a quarter of a century, with a single exception, the Democratic party was in a minority. The opposition was composed of the Whig party, then on the point of dissolving, the American party, commonly known as the Know-Nothing party, and the Free-Soil party. These elements, a year later, were fused in tin- Repub- lican party. By common consent, Hon. John P. Hale was nominated for the short term, ami the contest for the long term was between Mr. Clark and the Hon. James Bell. In the Senatorial caucus the latter was nominated and subsequently elected by the Legis- lature. The contest, although warm, was a friendly one, so that when, two years later, in 1857, the Legis- lature was called to fill the vacancy in the office occa- sioned by the death of Senator Bell, in obedience to the common wishes of their constituents, the Repub- lican members nominated and the Legislature elected Mr. Clark. Upon the expiration of his term he was re-elected in 18li0 with little opposition. The ten years spent by Senator Clark in ( 'ongress constituted the most eventful period in the history of the repub- lic. He witnessed the rise, progress and overthrow of the Rebellion. This is not the time nor place to review his Congressional life. < >ue will l< i .i ■ 1 i 1 1 1 j ■ — ■ ■ of his position upon the slavery question on page 268, volume i., of Mr. Blaine's "Twenty Years of Congress." He served upon some of the most import- ant committees, and was chairman of the committee on claims, and, during portions of two sessions, presi- dent pro U mpore of the Senate in the absence of Vice- President Hamlin. He was a firm supporter of the various war measures adopted for the suppression of the Rebellion, and had the confidence of President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton. He failed of a re- election in 1866, as his colleague, Senator Hale, had done two years before, not from any lack of apprecia- tion of the invaluable services they had rendered the country, nor of the honor they had conferred upon the State by their course in Congress, but because the rule of rotation in office had become so thoroughly ingrafted in the practice of the Republican party in the State that a departure from it was not deemed wise, even in the persons of these eminent states- In the summer of 1866 a vacancy occurred in the office of district judge of the United States District Court for the district of New Hampshire, and Senator Clark was nominated for the posit ion by President John- son, and unanimously confirmed by the Senate. He thereupon resigned his seat in the Senate and entered upon the discharge of his judicial duties. The wisdom of his selection has been justified by his career upon the bench. The office of the district judge does not afford such opportunity for public distinction as the bench of some other courts, the jurisdiction of the court being limited principally to cases arising under the constitution and laws of the United States. New Hampshire, from its size, location and business rela- tions, furnishes only a small amount of business for the Federal courts, and not much of that generally of public interest. In addition to holding his ou n court, Judge Clark has frequently been called to hold the Federal courts in other States in the First Circuit. He has brought to the discharge of his judicial duties the same learning, industry and interest that charac- terized his labors at the bar and in the Senate, JIN decisions have commended themselves to the profes- sion for their soundness and fairness. Judge Clark, apparently indifferent to the preservation of his opinions, has neglected to put them in shape for publication in the reports of the First Circuit, to the regret of his professional friends and admirers. He has now (1885) been upon the bench nineteen \ ears. He was entitled, under a law of Congress, to retire in 1879, upon the salary for the rest of his life. But he has preferred to earn his salary, and "to wear out rather than rust out." With his physical strength but slightly impaired, his mind as vigorous as in the 20 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE years ofhis full manhood, he, at the age ofsevcnty-hve, gives promise of many years of future usefulness. In 1876 he was a member and president of the con- vention called to revise the constitution of New Hampshire. Judge ('lark, in 1850, formed a copartnership with ; David in the practice of the law, which \n« di — 'ihnlby reason ot the ill health ofth 1856. In December, ls:>i;, he entered into copartner- ship with Isaac W. Smith, now upon the Supreme bench of New Hampshire, who read law with him in 1848-50. Their firm wasdissolved in December, 1861, at which time his practice of the law may be said to have substantially ceased. So much of his time was absorbed with Congressional duties, and other public duties between sessions, growing out of the disturb- ances caused by the civil war, that he had but little time or inclination to follow the courts or attend to the calls of clients in the office. Judge Clark has been fully identified with the growth and history of Manchester. He has taken great interest in its material prosperity, and has merited and received the confidence of its inhabitants. Besides representing the town and city five years in the Legislature, he has held various offices of trust, viz.: member of the School Hoard, chief engineer of the Fire Department, trustee of the City Library, city solicitor, trustee and president of the Manchester Savings-Bank, director of the Amoskeag Manufac- turing Company aud trustee of the State Industrial School. No citizen of Manchester, with possibly the exception of the late Governor Straw, has exerted so much influence for its growth and prosperity as he. Ashe looks to-day upon this beautiful city of fortj thousand people, and their busy mills, well-paved streets, shady sidewalks, fruitful gardens and peace- ful homes, he, if any one, may repeat the words of the Roman poet, " Quorum niuijnii imr.- j'ui." Judge Clark has not failed to take a deep interest in his Alma Mater, which, in I860, honored herself, as well as him, by conferring upon him thi LL.D. In 1861, upon the invitation of the City Councils of Manchester, he delivered a eulogy Upon the life of President Lincoln, and in 1880, upon the invitation of the alumni of Dartmouth College, eulogy upon the life of Judge George F. Shepley, before that association, both of which were subse- quently published. In 1869, on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of the founding of the college, he delivered an address before the alumni at the invitation of the trustees, A copy was requested fot publication, which, unfortunately, was withheld too late for it to appear with the other published pro- ceedings of that occasion. Judge Clark has contributed liberally to the sup- port of preaching, worshiping with the Unitarians. His views correspond with those of Rev. Dr. A. P. Pea- body, of Cambridge, Mass.. or with the views of what maybe called the Orthodox Unitarians. He has no sympathy with the doctrines of the ultra portion of that denomination. In more recent years he has worshiped at the franklin Street Congregational Church (Orthodox), Rev. Dr. George B. Spaulding, pastor. Judge Clark has been twice married, — the tirsi time, in 1 840, to Hannah W. Robbins, w ho died in October, L844, leaving no children ; the second time, to Anne V 3al ei in 1846, who is still living. He has had four children, — three sons anil one daughter. The two oldest are li sing, engaged in the practice of the law in Manchester. One son died in infancy, and the daughter when between two and three years of age. Hon. William C. Clarke. 1 — Among the public men of New Hampshire who have lately passed away, none was more widely known in the State, or more sincerely respected, than Hon. William Cogswell Clarke, of Manchester. He was born in Atkinson, N. H., December 10, 1810, being the eldest sou of Greenleaf and Julia (Cogswell) Clarke. His father was a farmer and master-mason, the constructor of many tine business buildings in the neighboring town of Haverhill. Mass., and a highly-esteemed citizen of Atkinson, where he served as selectman andjusl lee of i he peace. He was descended from Nathaniel Clarke, a merchant of Newbury, Mass., who died in 1690, and from Captain Edmund Greenleaf, of that place, an officer of repute in the wars of the early colonists with the Indians. The wife of Greenleaf Clarke was a daughter of Dr. William Cogswell, of Atkinson, who was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army, and at one time chief of the Military Hospital at West Point. William C. Clarke pursued his early studies at At- kinson Academy, of which his maternal grandfather was one of the founders, and then entered Dart- mouth College at the age of eighteen years. He was graduated with high honors in the class of 1832, which included Professors Noyes and Sanborn, of Dartmouth, and the late Samuel H. Taylor, LL.D., the noted instructor at Andover, Mass. Immediately becoming principal of Gilmanton Academy, he held the position for one year, while beginning the study of law. He continued his legal studies in the Har- vard Law School, in the otliee of Stephen Moody, at Gilmanton, and in that of Stephen ( '. Lyford, at Meredith Bridge (now Laconia), N. H. On his ad- mission to the bar, in 1836, he began practice in the latter town, and on the creation of Belknap County, at the i lose of 1840, he was appointed county solici- tor. He held this position until the spring of 1844, removed to Manchester, and continued the practice of his profession. Two years later he was one of a committee of si ven chosen 1>\ the town to petition the Legislature for a city charter, and at the firsl city election, in August, 1846, was the Democratic candidate for mayor. There being two other candi- i l'i . in clmke's "Su"'e^lul Vu Hampshire Men." THE BENCH AND BAR. 21 dates, there was no choice, and he withdrew his name before the second ballot, in September. In the same year, however, he consented to act as chief engineer of the Fire Department of the young city, and he re- tained this position till the close of 1848, having a number of leading citizens as his assistants. In 1849 he was elected to theofficeof city solicitor, which he held for two years, and in 1850 he served as a member of the State I .institutional Convention. Appointed the judge of Probate for Hillsborough County in 1851, he obtained the judicial title which clung to him thereafter. In 1854 he was again the Democratic candidate for mayor, but the Whig ticket was successful. A year later Judge Clarke was ten- dered, by Governor Metcalf, an appointment to the bench of tin' Supreme Court, but he declined the posi- tion. As judge of Probate he discharged his duties with high public approval, but his removal from this office, in 1856, was included in the sweeping political changes which began in 1855. In 1858 he served as a member of the Manchester Hoard of Aldermen. Soon after the death of the Hon. John Sullivan he was appointed, in 1863, to succeed him as attorney- general of the State, and, receiving a reappointment in 1868, he continued to fill the otfice until his death, in 1872. From the time of his admission to the bar until he became the chief prosecuting officer of the State, Judge Clarke was actively engaged in private legal practice. He early acquired the reputation of a sound and aide lawyer, and obtained an extensive clientage. As attorney-general he was highly successful in the performance of his duties, to which he devoted him- self with conscientious faithfulness. Recognizing the semi-judicial character of his office, he did not allow the zeal of the advocate to outweigh more important considerations, and, in cases where a minor offense had been committed for the first time, he frequently caused indictments to be suspended so as to give the culprit both a chance and a stimulus to reform. Hardened or flagrant criminals he pursued with the rigor de- manded by the interests of justice, leaving no stone unturned in his efforts to secure their conviction. He drew all his indictments with the greatest care, and ii i> said that no one ofthenumber wasever set aside. He took equal pains with the preparation of evidence and of his arguments in all importanl causes. These case- include a number of murder trials, which at- tracted wide attention when in progress, and which afforded marked proof of his legal skill. Hissenseof duty being above all other considerations, he was un- moved by all attempts to affect his official course by private appeals or by any species of personal influ- ence. Judge Clarke had a marked distaste for ordinary politics and the arts of the politician. On the few occasions when he consented to be a candidate for an elective office he did not seek the nomination, but ac- cepted it at the request of his friends. Firmly believ- ing, however, in the original principles of the Demo- cratic party, he often gave his voice and pen to their support, and was long a pr inent membei of thai party in New Hampshire, When the Rebellion broke out he did not hesitate a moment in regard to his po- litical course, but was among the foremost of those who urged all citizens to sink minor party differences and rally to sustain the imperiled government. 1 Hir- ing Ibis crisis he was active in calling and addressing many public meetings, which pledged aid to the most vigorous measures for the defense of the Union. At tie- great war mass-meet ing held in Concord, N. II., on the 17th of June, 1863, — which was attended by thirty thousand people, from all parts of the Slate, and was addressed by men of national eminence, in- cluding a member of President Lincoln's Cabinet- Judge Clarke called the assembly t dcr, and read the call, after which he was chosen first vice-president. Being dissatisfied with the attitude toward the war assumed by many of the leaders of the Democratic party, lie was largely instrumental in organizing the zealous War Democrats of the State into a third, or " Union," party, which nominated a separate ticket for State officers in 1862 and 1863. This organization was not maintained alter the latter year, and Judge Clarke thenceforward voted with the Republican party; but after the early years of the war he re- frained from any active participation in politics, v\ hich he regarded as inconsistent with the nature of his du- ties as attorney-general. He was one of tin' original directors of the Man- chester Bank, serving from 1845 till 1840, and of the City Bank, with which he was connected from 1853 till 1863. He was also a trustee of the Manchester Savings- Bank from 1852 until his death. For many yens he was a trustee of the Manchester Atln naaim, and when this was succeeded by the City Library, in 1854, lie was chosen a member and clerk of the board of trustees of the latter institution, retaining both positions during the rest id' his lit'e. He was the first treasurer of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad Company, holding that office from July 31, 1847, till his resignation took effect, February 8, 1849; and he was the clerk of that company from February 28, 1854, until he died, being also its attorney when en- gaged in private legal practice. He was a trustee of Gilmanton Academy, and in 1854 was a member of the national board of visitors to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Judge Clarke was one of the earliest members of the Franklin Street Congregational Church in Manches- ter, and one of the original officers of the society, to both of which he rendered valuable service. S nue mention of his personal appearance should noi In lilted, as he was a man of unusually distin- guished presence, having a large, finely-proportioned figure, with a handsome, dignified head and lace. Without undue formality, his manners were invaria- bly courteous and refined. With excellent literary HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tastes, he possessed much general information, and was very attractive in conversation. Though rigid in bis sense of righl and wrong, he was eminently chari- table in his views of others, having a broad tolerance of opinions which differed from his own. His dispo- sition was genial and bis kindness of heart unfailing. He was married, in 1834, to Anna .Maria Greeley, only daughter of the late Stephen L. Greeley. Esq., of < iilmanion, \. II. His wife survives him, with four children, — Stephen Greeley, Anna Norton, Julia Cogswell and ( Ireenleaf. The death of Judge Clarke occurred at his home in Manchester on April 25, 1872, and was tin- cause of widespread sorrow. At his funeral there was a large attendance of prominent citizens from many parts of the State. Resolutions of regret and eulogy were adopted by the city bar, the Hillsborough County bar. the Manchester Common Council and various other bodies with which he had been connected. In the resolutions of the Common Council he was spoken of as "one who, as a former member of the city govern- ment, and its legal public adviser, served it with marked fidelity and ability, and who, by his many virtues, had won the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens." His associates of the Manchester bar declared that "hi' was a faithful officer, a wise counselor, a respected citizen and a Christian gentle- man. He was courteous in manner, efficient in duty. upright in character and an ornament to his profes- sion." In the resolutions adopted by the bar of Hills- borough County, anil entered upon the records of the Supreme Court, Judge Clarke was described as "a pub- lic officer faithful and upright, discharging his official duties with signal ability; a lawyer of large expe- rience in his profession, of well-balanced judgment and discretion, well read in the principles of the law, and faithful alike to the court and his client; a citi- zen patriotic and public-spirited; in his private rela- tions, a gentleman of unblemished reputation, distin- guished for his high-toned character, affable manners and uniform courtesy ; and illustrating in his public and private life tin' character of a < 'hristian gentleman, governed by the principles which he was not ashamed to profess." Clinton Warringtoh Stani.f.y. 1 — - The subject of this sketch was born in Hopkinton, N. H., Decem- ber 5, 1830. He was the eldest of four children, having one sister, Helen Isabel Scribner (deceased March, 1865), ami two brothers, Edward W. Stanley, of Hopkinton, and Benton M. Stanley, of New London. His father, Horace C. Stanley, still living at Hop- kinton, is a farmer of moderate means, but of frugal and industrious habits, which are often a surer guar- anty of the comforts of life than greater riches. He is a sturdy, honest man, of well-balanced character, and has always enjoyed the respect and confidence of his community. I'.y Hon. Joseph W. Fellows Hi. moth r. Mary Ann (Kimball) Stanley, was a noble and intelligent woman, highly appreciative of the value of learning, earnestly and devotedly at- tached to the interests of her family and friends, and an ardent worker for the good of society. It was largely due to her energy and encouragement that her s,,n was enabled to acquire his collegiate and professional education. She commenced his instruction at home, ami at the age of three years placed him in the district school, where he made good progress and showed signs of those properties of mind which marked his course in later life. When about eleven year- old he entered Hopkin- ton Academy, where he remained until his prepara- tory education was completed, and at the age of fourteen was admitted to Dartmouth College. He was the youngest member of his class, and one of the youngest who ever completed tlie course of Stud) iu that institution. He graduated in 1849, and immediately began the study of law in the office of Hon. H. E. Perkins, in Hopkinton. During the fol- lowing winter he taught school in that town; and, although it was a difficult school to manage, and he young and without experience, still he completed the term with remarkable success and gave entire satis- faction. He continued to study with Judge Perkins until April, 1851, during which time he had the entire chargi of the post-office at Contoocook and conducted its business in the name of his instructor, who was postmaster during the administration of President Pierce. He then came to Manchester, and entered the office of Hon. George W. Morrison, where he continued the study of law until his admission to the bar in the Supreme Court in Hillsborough County, August 12, 1852. During this time he taught school in Acton, Mass., two terms (winter of 1850-51 and 1851-52), where he met with good success. One of his pupils, now a prominent business man in that vicinity, says: "Mr. Stanley was the most successful teacher we ever had during my school-days. He was able to impart knowledge in a plain, intelli- gent manner, which even the dullest could under- stand ; and his instruction was impressed upon the minds of his scholars in a forcible way which enabled them to remember it with great distinctness. He is still remembered by the people here with much re- spect." While pursuing his legal studies he displayed the practical ability and industry of his character. Judge Perkins says: "He was quick to see just what should be done, and always did it without being told." Mr. Morrison says: "He was one of the best stu- dents I ever had. Without interfering with his stu- dies, he very soon became familiar with the practice sufficiently to do the ordinary business of our office with remarkable facility and accuracy." The office of Mr. Morrison afforded a rare onpor- ^Ca ( THE BENCH AND BAR tunity for law-students. A great volume of business was being transacted, and probably do other place in the State had such advantages tor learning the prac- tice, and few lawyers could have been found as well qualified to impart instruction or convey to the stu- dent the subtle and intricate lessons of the advocate and jurist, and il is easy to see how a man possessed of the ability and genius of Judge Stanley became so thorough a practitioner even while a student. Immediately after being admitted to the bar lie returned to Hopkinton, and remained at bis borne until April, 1853. It was during Ibis time that the decease of his mother occurred. lie returned to Manchester, and became associated with Mr. Morri- son and John L. Fitch, Esq., under the firm-name of Morrison, Fitch & Stanley. That copartnership continued until November, 1857. Dining its exist- ence the health of Mr. Fitch gradually became im- paired. In those days the Hillsborough bar con- tained some of the ablest lawyers in the State, li was a period of extensive litigation. Morrison, Fitch & Stanley were engaged in most of the important cases, and their practice extended largely into other counties. The preparation of causes for trial and the care and burden of the office-work devolved upon the junior member. It was a kind of labor which be enjoyed and for which be was well lifted, ami be pursued it with zeal and assiduity. He was faithful and painstaking in the extreme in the investigation id' complicated mat- ters of fact, ami bis judgment in the application of legal principles was sound and comprehensive, 'flic close scrutiny with which he examined every cir- cumstance, ami watchful c are with which be gathered up all the details of business, gave him uncommon readiness and great advantages of an executive char- acter, and combined to make him one of the most successful practitioners id' bis time. In February, 185(3, Patten's Block, where their oli'hc was located, was burned, and nearly all of the library and other books, together with many valuable papers of the linn, were destroyed. In November, 1857, Mr. Fitch withdrew from the firm and the business was continued in the name of Morrison & Stanley, but with no material change in its character. In 1858, Judge Stanley was appointed by the United States Circuit Court a commissioner of that court, which position he held until he was made a member of the Circuit Court of New Hampshire. In April. 1860, Hon. Lewis W. Clark became associated with them, under the style of Morrison, Stanlej & Clark, which continued over six years. The prominence of this firm is widely known. Mr. Clark brought to it his rare combination of ability as an advocate and a lawyer, ami, although the junior, he fairly divided the honors with the other members of the firm. They bad the largest docket in the State and were justly entitled to a front rank in the profession. The natural result of their situation, however, was to more than proportionally increase the responsibility and the labor of Judge Stanley. He carried more burden of solid professional work during those years than any other man in the State, and, in the belief of many of bis brethren, Ids work would have com- pared favorably with thai of any member of the profession in the country. In December, 1866, Mr. Clark retired, and the former style of Morrison .\ Stanley was ado'. led, which continued until 1872. Early in that year Mr. Frank lliland was associated with them, and they continued their business in the name of Morrison, Stanley & Hiland. The firm of Morrison & Stanley was the oldest law partnership in the State at the time Mr. lliland became a member. They continued together until the Superior and Circuit Courts were established, and Judge Stanley was appointed one of the associate justices of the Circuit Court in September, 1874, a position he held until that system of judiciary was abolished, in 1876. When the Supreme Caul was established by the Republican party, the selection of suitable persons to constitute the court was not entirely without embar- rassment, but it was universally conceded that Judge Stanley should be one of the appointees. In the two years which he bad been upon the bench be bad demonstrated bis entire fitness and ability for a higher position, and bis selection as one of the associate justices of the Supreme Court was commended by the bar and the people of the State with one accord. This position he held until his decease. Indeed, he was iii the midst of a jury trial when the " poisoned arrow" fell at bis feet Notwithstanding the many duties and responsibil- ities of his professional and ollicial life, be still had time and strength for other labors. In 1865 be was elected president of the City National Hank, which position he held until 1879, when the bank was changed and becami the Mer- chants' National Hank. He was elected a trustee of the Manchester Savings-Hank in ls.x:t, which position be held at his decease. He was a good financier, and being familiar with the law concern- ing commercial paper and securities and possessing superior business ability in a general sense, be was qualified to discharge the duties of those places of trust to which he was elected with remarkable ease and facility. Judge Stanley was earnestly interested in educa- tional matters. He was one of the trustees of Dart- uth College from 1881 to the time of his death, and was otn of the most efficient and active managers of that institution. He was not wholly in sym- pathy with the long-established course of study, but favored the "optional" principle and the introduc- tion of the modern languages and scientific studies, to some extent, in place of if,- . lassie course of the early days of the college. But high above all prefer- ences of this nature witli him was the determination HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. of his character to do well ami thoroughly whatever was being done, and if it were not the wisi si way, then to change for that which was such speedily. He realized also that institutions of learning like Dart- mouth College could not lie successfully managed unless upon the same business principles which in- sured Mnvess el-owhere, and he applied himself to the duties of the college trustee with the same thor- oughness and fidelity that characterized his efforts in other jdaees of public trust. That venerable institu- tion lost one of its stanchest friends and safest advisers in ol Judge Stanley. He was one of the mn>t earnest promoters of the undertaking to establish a school under the auspices of the Unitarian denomination, and was one of the committee of the Unitarian Educational Society to - a Unitarian institution, the Proctor Acad- emy at Andover. N. II. He was one of the trustees from thi time when the society took control of the school, and was one of it- warmest and mosl efficient friends. He was an earn . -i i ■■■.,! o iln ''country academy ," belies ing it to be one of those institutions in our educational system which afforded the priv- chool to certain classes that would otherwise be deprived of them, and that it should be fostered and multiplied until every village and hamlet in the country had received its advantages. Judge Stanley attended the Unitarian Church during most of his life in Manchesti r. He was for many years a trustee, and at the time of his decease the president of the first Unitarian Society. His connection with that society and Ins discharge of tin' duties of chief executive officer were characterized by the same earnest desire to do his whole duty that dis- tinguished him cveryw here. Politically,. Tudge Stanley was a lite-long Democrat, although he was in no sense a politician. He had strong, clear convictions upon the matters of admin- istering the government, both in the State ami the nation, and was in sympathy with the principles and theories of.the Democratic party, and never hesitated to express them whenever occasion required. His connection with the Masonic fraternity was somewhat prominent, and his respect and regard for that institution were pronounced and sincere. lit became a member of the fraternity in January, 1862, receiving all the degrees of the American system, in- cluding the orders of knighthood, during the following year. He was Worshipful .Master of Washington Lodge in 1 Si"»7 and subsequently held important offices in the Grand Lodge of the Si ate. He was a g 1 Mason. We can express no higher commendation. As a citizen, aley was a model. Ho was quick to respond with his means and counsel in all worthy enterprises, whib be was prudent and sensible in the expend- iture of public funds or private contributions. A- a friend anil companion, he was dear to his chosen circle, Foi his wise admonitions and cherished for bis pleasant cordiality and entertaining manners. He married MissLydia A. Woodbury, only daughter of William Woodbury, Esq., of Weare, X. H., Decem- ber 24, 1 *■">;. He resided about two year.- in the north- erly part of the city, on Beach Street, but in 1859 he purchased and remodeled the place on the corner of Concord and Pine Streets, which he made his resi- lience, and where he lived until his decease. There, in one of the happiest of home-, be gathered his law and miscellaneous libraries and pursued hi- official 'labors and studies in the most agreeable manner possible, and no matter how humble the petition, how unreasonable the hour or how unnecessary the intru- sion, his frank ami genial Welcome wa- always ex- tended to the visitor and his patient and kindly i. en. His easy and social manner relieved those with whom he had official relation- of every restraint, and the performance of his duty was always free from harshness or useless formality. Those who met Judge Stanley, either officially or socially, will always rembember -neb occasions with feelings of respect and gratitude. While Judge Stanley was aide to do everything which came within his sphere of lite well, ami seemed to lack for iin faculty, he was nevertheless distin- guished by certain prominent traits of character and endowed with certain mental qualities in a remark- e. He had great tenacity of purpose — not the sentiment which springs from personal conflict, but a strong and abiding principle running through every fibre of his being and steadily asserting itself in even action. He wa- a man of strong, char con- viction- and was as faithful to the course which they marked out as the needle to the pole. He disregarded abstractions in reasoning and despised method- of sophistry. His logic was remarkable for its directness and brought him to conclusions with the rapidity almost of intuition; and it is not too much to say, generally with unerring precision. He was possessed ot'a wonderfully strong and comprehensive memory, of very great industry and remarkable powers of endur- ance, and. what seemed to be made up from many facul- ties, a grand general business ability which rendered him SO valuable and efficient in every place where he was called to act. He loved the practice of the law, bi cause it afforded a wide field for his intensely active nature, and an opportunity for the protection of in- dividual rights. But it was upon the bench that Judge Stanley was able to do the best work of his life. He knew well the value of a fearless and conscientious court. His discriminating mind, accurate memory, great love for justice ami equity, and quick energetic decision of character fitted him in a remarkable degree for the duties of that position. Few men have been able to transfer their labors from the "heated conflict of active practice to the unimpas-ioned and exalted duties of the bench" with more perfect adaptation or complete fitness. The universal commendation of bis official life and the profound res] t in which he was held THE BENCH AND BAR. by the members of the bar are evidence of his great merit as a judge. Judge Stanley died December 1, 1884, after a very brief illness. He was holding the September term at Nashua, and suspended for a few days on account of slight indisposition, as was generally understood, when, suddenly and without warning, the fatal change came. His death was a painful shock to the whole State, causing deep and widespread sorrow. The whole community mourned bis decease as a public loss, and tin' distinguished concourse which assembled to pay the last sad rites and show their respect lor him was a more eloquent tribute to his worth than the profoundest eulogy. We came. i conclude this imperfect -ketch of our esteemed friend more fittingly than by subjoining the proceedings of the Supreme I ' i at the law term in March, 1885, concerning his decease. The attorney-general, Hon. Mason W. Tappan, addressed the court and said,— "May it please yow honors: "I rise to tin- performance of a melancholy duty,— that oi presentin - resolutions in reference to the death of your late associate, Judge Sua i- le>\ 1 bad intended to have presented these resolutions at the - i of this court in D mber, but it was thought best to postpone it till the ,„■,.., hl ,; . when there would be .1 n general attend I 1 ■ members of til.- lor li the \arieu- ' ■ ointi.-s in 1 1 1 ■ State. ■■II,. announcement ol I leatb of Judge Stanley in the early days of winter fell with startling suddenness upon tin' members of the lor and the people of Hie Stat.-, ami very few knew et hi- serious illness until the intelligent e was Has I ovei the state that he was dead. '•And it is very hard t" realize even new that he, who, but a fev, ,, e I in the enjoy nt of such perfect health Iwhogave promise oi so many years of future usefulness in the position which he adorned on the bench of tti is court, has passed from among us forever. ."II,.. 8 uddeun 1 Judge Stanley's death cannot help reminding us ,,f the wools of Mr. l'.urk a somewhat similar occasion, which are frequently quoted, bul so little heeded : 'Snatched from us, a- he was, in the midst of his usefulness, while his desires were as wi and his hopes anj "f ours, has feelingly told US what shadows we are and what shadows we pursue.' " His funeral was attended by a largo concourse of people, not only from the city where he dwelt, but by the members of the bar and others, rig, I believe, from every county in the State, showing tie' high esteem in which he was held by all ranks and i la— - in th .mutiny "The friendly and genial relations which exist.',] between Judge Stanley and the men. hers ,,f the har generally, an I I mo >M. ,! 'h, bench as well, will cause him to he sincerelj mourned and his name and character to he held in kindly remembrance as long as any "1 the- win. knew him -hall live. I mine, your honors, the adoption of the following " Resolved, That in the death of the Hon, Clinton Warrington Stanley, one "I theassoi iate justices of the Supre Court of New Hampshire, on the 1st day of December, 1884, we recognize the loss of one of the most untiring members of lb,- bench, who, by bis ability, integrity 1 faithful devotion to the Int.,- ,f hi- ..the... had deservedly , a 1 and possessed 1, rice and respect of bis associates and of the bar and 1 pie of th,- State "We recognize, al-,,, hi- Bterling qualities a- ;i man and a citizen, which made him honored and respected in all the relations of private "And weres],,-, tfullj request the court to direct that these proceedings be entered upon its records, and that a copy thereof he presented t,, his widow, with the n-surancc of our deep and heartfelt sympathy m her bereavement." Mr. Justice Blodgei then spoke as follows: "The estimation in which Judge Stanley was he], I l,v the profession ha- , . ii -,, titlv . ,\pi,, I in the resolutions which have I n present.,, 1, and in the remark- which have been made, that nothing seems to remain Worth alel the deep Sel.se o| It- hearth li 1 ".--. " To say that our brother was invaluable i ..„, i, , hul the feeble utterance oi a Belf-evident truth, w. 11 I,..,, v., the I, a I ,,| the State and O ' all others ha\ 1 l.g 1 ,11-i lie-- i ti ) ., , And tr, , in hi- very nature it could not 1 tlei v i <-. ! ii was a- natural for him to work a- to breathe, and In- ocas,,, | li ] labors only a- he yielded up In- life But he was far than .. me uorkei . he was an able, painstaking ami an uprighl nidge II.- ■■ .load than he was u. "I willing to extend ovei Urn ei lots „l .tie f men are to be judged hi tl.- - . 1 and of evil in t by the balancing of theii virtues and theii faults, few, indeed, ,,i inthejudgn " Bul ii i- I-, ■ ..lie that Judge Stanley will long death, OUt- The inelan- I itneSS of the social and moral side of without ostentati f favor . so many ,.,., | ; „ [east, the death .,t no other mi/, n "f New Hampshire has ,aiiie, I le wid, -plead -,,ri.,w I,, tie- hearts of her people or called forth in notable tributes of He n respi i i. ••Cut While, h.llliallh -peak...-. We ,1, 1,1- Ultti I11..1.V n-llloVal ill the prime of his liiatlh 1 alei H, the luld-t -■! hi- n- lull.- --. W" cai.Iiot hut he grateful that h.s busy, l.d i- and faithful life was crowned with a ino-i fitting close ; fol with only a brief illness, and with all his faculties unimpaired, lie was rcifullj called aw.o with '.a a struggle, lo a i.,.i, h a- gentle as that "huh l,.o-en- the ripe fruit from its bough. 'God's finger touched loin and he -hpt • ll.s w.nl, was done,— hie mis- sion was accomplished." Chief .Justice Doe spoke as follows: "Brother Blodget speaks for ..- all. hut my personal relations with brothei Stanlej wen oi iu. b .. chara. ter and duration that I beg t,, be excused for adding a wool. A- -, 1 1-mates, brother I lark and I be- came acquainted with him thirty-eight years ago last August, and we remained "ii intimate term-, with some separation of tunc an, I -|,.,o. , nil the sudden end last I le.-.. 1 1 ,1 ,c i h',,i u- and many others side the immediate family circle, cold come so near home {'holy feeling of personal [OSS I tl ,,ti So many friendly at scenes of harmonious counsel ; so long a period .,f .mite, 1 tabor, with some inevitable and highly useful diversity of view and opinion, hut without ,, -n : :,. unpli asant jai di discord left in recollection , bo much constant attention t,, the want, of others . - u. I. assistance rendered so habitu- ally as 1 spected and rei end a- a matter of course ; so much sacri- ti , ,,f In, own tunc, labor and convenience for our own benefit ; so many l„, m - alel day-' aid n al, lighted up DJ his t,. .lorn lit alel I heerful spirit,— all this mid all the pleasures of life that this suggests 1,,,,, i |„i-o.ial hcieavciuelit Seldom experienced by those w ho ale Hot of near kindred. "The untiring energy that rendered the most valuable judicial service was enlisted in helping hie .,--,„ lates, a- well a- it. "- enterprises, public and private, lb- capacit} for continuous labor. f.„ detail- and lot everything collipii- d ill the -I "fill , olldllCt "I bn -i le — , coll I hi Ul',1 with eijuaniinity and profound and enthusiastic interest in everything he u ii, bit,, ok, made him an invaluable member ..f the curt and would have can id him to the highest distinction and su in any department of a, tive in, "i instance ,.t his iucos-aiii usefulness illustrates the productive „a| ,,f hiS talents. The pi , -out sy-tein of exi.lii ill inn candidates for idmi i ii i bar is entirely his work, and the great advantages derived from it by the profession and tl mmunity are a e mil of the mission of progress and improvement ill which he was alwav , o li eat ■_',,, 1. Should tin- -\ stein be long cut el. it will g. , fa r t, , p> o, 1 -i ic b a bar and ben, b a, tl,,. intei.-t- and tie , relit of the stale do ,.l Tin, one movement has already done enough fol tie cans.- ,,| Icjal clll, atl.ol ill HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. M'li' We Imv ill llii|im\r.,| i, ctlimls i >(" it.lllLllii-t J :it I. .1 l .il.nn i.u.t . , Mm ■■ ..I genius. " w bat aiade linn -i" . mil- pleasing as an assoi iate, and Ins life the lll\pple>t llll'l lie-l - ,i||-|:ii Inl v. u.is hi- impel tnrloMe >r|riiity. I llllVe Been him in circumstances "I annoyance when !i>- must liave thought lli!!]SL'lf ill- Use. I. llllll wlll-ll nthelS ill 111— pi. in- Wi.lll.l IlllVr lllllile l ■■ .-I less exhibition of anger, but from nil these thirty-eighl and a half years I cannol rei all a single occasion when be ^1h>\m>'1 any sign of irritation. II this extraordinary fact is due to a memory that failed to record - express^ tngi of vo lor, il is, nevertheless, true that in kind- lie— it n.ttille lite I l'lrnlnii. f I ..in ( i nt fill in ■— ;unl resentment— qualities ill.- lie. -I l..-ir;il>le in :i fneiel unit of prime nerr-silv in ;i pi.l-e — In- \v:i- Hiix. Herman Foster was born at Andover, Mas>., October 31, L800. He removed to Hudson, N. H., with his father's family in 1810. He prepared for college, bul was prevented from pur- suing a college course by a disease of his eyes. He fir.-i < r i l: ; i l! i • < 1 in mercantile lm>inr~- in l!o>ton. and was married to Harriet M. -V. Whittemore, of West Cambridge, Mass.. in November, 1826. He removed to Warner in March, 1830. lie .studied law with the Hon. Henry B. Chase, of Warner, and was admitted (.. practice in December, is::;). Hecommenced prac- tice in Manchester, X. H., in 1840. He was town treasurer before the city was char- tered. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1845-46 and in 1868-69; member of the State Senate in 1860 and 1861, of which body he was president the latter year. He was one of the first directors and clerk nf the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, a director of the old Amoskeag Bank for many years, a director of the Amoskeag National Bank, and a trustee and one of the investigating committee of the Manchester Savings-Hank from its organization to his death. He also was one of the fouuders of the City Library, treasurer and clerk of the Manchester ( Jas- Lighl < !ompany from its organization t<> his death. In bis profession, Mr. Foster was a safe and valu- able counselor. He formed his opinions upon careful study and examination, and they were generally cor- rect and reliable. In the preparation of a cause he was thorough. He neglected nothing ami was seldom caught unprepared. It may safely lie said the affairs of no client suffered in his hands. Mr. Foster died February 17, 1875. Lewis W.Clark. 1 — Judge Lewis Whitemore Clark, son of Jeremiah and Hannah (Whitemore) Clark, was born in Barnstead, X. II.. August 19, 1828. With most excellent natural mental capacity, lie early showed a hunger lor knowledge. His education began in the common schools of his native town, was pursued through I'ittslield and Atkinson Academics, in which institutions he prepared for college, and Dartmouth College, where lie was graduated with ex- cellent standing in 1850. He immediately began the special preparation for By Be ..linn II. Kimball. his chosen profession and at the same time was prin- cipal of I'ittslield Academy. His principalship of this school continued from August, 1850, to December, 1852, with eminent success. He began his law studies with Hon. Moses Norris, continued them under the direction of Hon. A. F. 1.. Norris, and on September :;, L852, was admitted to the bar of New Hampshire, to commence a career of professional service that has been alike honorable to himself and creditable to the commonwealth of which he is a citizen. He practiced law for a time in I'ittslield, X. H.. but his abilities were such a- to soon Call bun to the me- tropolis of the State, where he has since resided, one of its best-beloved citizens. lie was associated in the practice of his profession with Hon. George W. Morrison and Hon. Clinton W. Stanley, late associate justice of the Supreme Courts and remained in this law firm for six years. A-fter a time he formed a law partnership with Hon. Henry H. Huse, under the firm-name of Clark & Huse, and continued thus until May 24, 1*72, when he was ap- pointed attorney-general of the State by Governor Weston, an appointment which his learning and ability justly merited. This position he held, with great credit to himself ami benefit to the State, until August, 1876. His ability and great learning as a lawyer, his faith- ful and eminent discharge of the duties of attorney- general of the State, and his already marked judicial ability pointed to him as the man to iill the vacancy which had occurred on the Supreme Bench, and on August 13, 1877, he was appointed judge of the Su- preme Court of Xew Hampshire, an appointment highly satisfactory to the able bar of the State. This position he has filled to the present time with highest honor to himself and in a manner worthy the great lawyers who have occupied the Supreme Bench of Xew Hampshire. In December, 1852, he united in marriage with Miss Helen M., daughter of Captain William Know It of Pittsfield, a lady every way qualified for the compan- ionship ol her eminent husband. Two children have been born to them, — Mary Helen and John Lewis. Politically, Judge Clark is a Democrat, and while not a partisan, has been a wise and honored leader in the Democratic party. In 1855 he was the nominee of his party for Congress in the Second Congressional District ami served as a member of the Xew Hamp- shire Legislature from I'ittslield in the years 1855, 1856, 1857. Since his elevation to the Supreme Bench, in ac- cordance with his high sense of honor, he has with- drawn from active participation in politics, while still profoundly concerned in all questions relating to his country's weal. The private character of Judge Clark is one of stainless integrity. His mind is eminently one of great self-poise and unusually perfect adjustment. He possesses in an unusual degree the power to grasp **** Jue^f/ziz^ ^rc^Ze^ in * ( >>. 1801, aged ninety-two years. III. Joseph Smith, born January 22, 1740 (0. S.), died January 28, 181(3 ; moved from Plaistow, N. H., to Hampstead, N. H., March 1, 1800. He was a sol- dier in the War of the Revolution. His grandmother (whether paternal or maternal is not known, nor her name) died March 5, 179">, at the age of one hundred and two years. He married ( 1 ) Hannah Harriman, May ii, 1762, who was born March 25, 1744, died May 6, 1782, and by whom he had eleven children ; (2) Mary Sawyer, December 2, 17*4, daughter of Jon- athan Sawyer, horn October 19, 1758, at Atkinson, X. H., died December 2, 1802, and by whom he had five children; (:!) Mrs. Phebe Runnels, September 5, 1803, who dieil in July, 1821, aged seventy-nine years. IV. Isaac Smith, fourth child of Joseph and Mary (Sawyer) Smith, born at Plaistow, N. H., May 31, 1793, died at Hampstead, N. H., June 11, 1869; married (li .Mary Clarke, daughter of Nathaniel and Abigail (W Iman) Clarke, Julj L8, L822, who was born January 21, 1800, died June ('., 1833, and by whom he had three children ; (2) Sarah < 'lenient, < )c- tober 23, 1834, daughter of Muses ami Marj - -- Clement, of Salisbury, X. II., who was born 1 »eceml >er 9, 1795, died May 2, 1866, and by whom he had two children; (3) Abigail Clarke, March 20, 1867, daugh- ter of Nathaniel and Abigail (Woodman) Clarke, who was born April 5, 1795, and died Augusl 27, L879. She was the widow of David Clarke, of Sandown, \. 11., who died November 24, 1834, at Lowell, Mass Isaac Smith was a country merchant, who carried on an extensive business for nearly half a century in Hampstead, and was widely and favorably known as a public-spirited citizen, strongly identified with the religious, educational and political interests of the town. He was charitable in his views and libera] with his means, and was often called to positions of public trust and responsibility. His character was above reproach, and he died honored and lamented by all who knew him. Maternal Ancestry. — I. Nathaniel Clarke, born in 1044 and died August 25, 1690; married, November 23, 1663, Elizabeth, born November 1, 1646, daughter of Henry and Judith Somerly, and died March 15, 1710. Nathaniel Clarke's name appears among the early set- tlers of Newbury, Mass., where he resided. He appears to have been a man of unusually strong qual- ities, mental, moral and physical, and these qualities have been transmitted from generation to generation among his descendants to a quite remarkable extent. II. Nathaniel Clarke, Newbury, Mass., bom March 13, 1666; died October, 1690; married Elizabeth, born October 16, 1665, daughter of Dr. Peter and Jane Toppan, and sister of Rev. Christopher Toppan, D.D. Her father was sixth in descent from Robert, of Linton, near Lately Bridge, in the West Riding of York, where his descendants continue to the present day among the most respectable families of that country. Nathaniel went with the expedition to Canada in 1690, and was mortally wounded there on board the ship "Six Friends," in October of the same year. III. Nathaniel Clarke, Newbury, Mass., born July 29, 1689 ; died in 1754 ; married, March 7, 1709, Sarah, born November 3, 1692, daughter of Samuel and Sarah Kent ( rreenleaf. IV. Nathaniel Clarke, Haverhill, .Mass., born in 1728; died November 7, 1805; married, February 18, 1753, Mary Hardy, of Bradford, Mass., horn October 8, 1733, died June 13, 1817. He was a member of Captain Richard Saltonstall's (2d) company of foot; served in 1780 on the committee to collect clothing for the army, and was active in furthering the cause of the Revolution. V. Nathaniel Clarke, Plaistow, N. H.,born in 1760, died March 19, 1846; married Abigail W Iman, born August. 1765, died April 3, 1844. When fifteen years old he enlisted for three years as filer in Cap- 28 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tain Nehemiah Emerson's Company, Tenth Massa- chusetts Regiment, and remained till the close of the war. Ho was wounded at the battle of White Plains. VI. -Mary Clarke, born at Plaistow, N. H., January 21,1800; died June 6, L833, at Hampstead, N. H.; married Isaae Smith, July IS, 1822. She was a woman of great persona] beauty and rare sweetness of char- acter, possessed of gentle ways, dignified manners and fine womanly sense. She lived an exemplary Christian life, and her early death was deplored by a large circle of friends. Isaac William Smith, the second child of Isaacand Mary (Clarke) Smith, was born in Hampstead.N. II.. May 18, 1825, His parents shared fully the honor- able ambition which has from the beginning charac- terized our old New England families, and which goes so tar to account for the moulding and controlling icNeu Falkland element in the country ai large, — the ambition to secure the best possible advan- [ucation for their clildren. For an end so important in their estimation they were willing to toil and to make large sacrifices, and for this, in his case as in so many others, a debt of gratitude not easily to be repaid is felt to be most justly due. His early years were passed in theipiiet atmosphere of a country \ illage, under the influences of a pure and happy home, and in attendance for brief periods at the academies in Salisbury, Atkinson, 1 >erry and San- bornton. At the age of fifteen years he was sent to pursue his studies preparatory for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., then under the care of Samuel H. Taylor, LL.D., one of the most distin- guished educators that this country has as yet pro- duce. 1 Having completed these studies, he entered Dartmouth College in 1S42. The president of the college, Rev. Nathan Lord, D.I>., was then in the full meridian of that remarkable career which secured for him a placeamong the foremost college presidents of tin' country. The class with which Judge Smith graduated in 1846 was small in number, but is re- markable for the proportion who have become distin- guished in professional life, including Rev. Charles A. Aiken, D.D., president of Union College and pro- fessor in Princeton Theological Seminary ; Hon. Ben- jamin F. Aver, LL.D., lawyer, Chicago, 111.; Dr. Josiah W. Barstow, superintendent of Flushing (X. Y.) Insane Asylum; Rev. James J. Blaisdell, D.D., professor in Beloit College; Hon. Joseph M. Cavis, judge of Fifth District Court, California ; Dr. Edward H. Parker, professor in New York Medical College; Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, D.D., trustee of Dartmouth College; Hon. Edward J. Warren,judge of Superior Court, North Carolina; and Rev. Joshua W. Well- man, D.D., trustee of Andover Theological Sem- inary. Soon after his graduation Judge Smith commenced his legal studies in the office of William Smith. Esq., at Lowell, Mass. Alter spending nc.irh a year in this office, he removed to .Manchester, and completed his studies in the office of Hon. Daniel Clark. He was admitted to the bar July 9, 1850, and soon after entered into a partnership in legal practice with Hon. Herman Foster, which continued nearly two years. Subsequently he was lor five years the partner of Hon. Daniel Clark. He was early recognized by his fellow-citizens as Liking a lively interest in the welfare of his adopted city ami as qualified to till positions of trust and re- sponsibility in its affairs. He was president of its Common Council in 1851 and 1852, city solicitor in 1854 and 1855, and mayor of the city in 1869. I D 1 355 he was appointed judge of the Police i !our( of Man- chester, but resigned the office in 1857 to engage more fully in the practice of his profession. He was elected in 1859 to represent his ward in the Legislature of the State, and was re-elected in the following year, and in the latter year was chairman of the judiciary committee of the House of Representatives. In 1S62 and L863 he was a member of the State Semite and chairman of its judiciary committee. In 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln assessor of the Second Internal Revenue District of New Hampshire, and held the office until 1870. He was appointed associ- ate justice of the Supreme Judicial Court. February in. 1874, by Governor Straw. In August of that year the court was reorganized, and he was appointed by Governor Weston associate justice of the new court, and held the office until the court was again reorganized, in 1876. After leaving the bench he resumed the prac- tice' of his profession, and continued it until July, 1877, "leu a vacancy occurred in the Supreme Court, and he was, upon the recommendation of almost the entire bar of the State, appointed by Governor Pres- ent! to fill it. a position which he still occupies. As a lawyer. Judge Smith has throughout all his practice been characterized by a clear, penetrating judgment, unsparing industry, unbending integrity and fidelity to all trusts. The high reputation which he early acquired, built on solid foundations, has never been shaken. Upon the bench his well-known ability as a lawyer, the conscientious care and thor- oughness with which every case upon which he is called to express an opinion is examined, and the judicial poise ami impartiality which he always main- tains, secure for his rulings and decisions a high degree of confidence and respect. Judge Smith's personal interest in the affairs of his Ah, in Mater has suffered no abatement as other cares and interests have multiplied. He was president of the Dartmouth Alumni Association in 1881-83, and of the Phi Beta Kappa Society i„ 18S2-84. In college he was one of the charter members of the Dartmouth ( li tpterof the Alpha Delta Phi Society. In 1880 he delivered before the Alumni Association a eulogy upon the life and character of Hon. William H. I'.aitlett, lale associate justice of the Supr< of New Hampshire. In Mar, h. 1885, he was elected Oh. , J 2^L7 THE BENCH AM) BAR. L".t one of the trustees of the college. He has found time amid the press of professional duties to indulge his taste for historical investigation, contributing his share to the researches of the Now Hampshire Histor- ical Society, of which he has been a member since 1861. As early as 1849 he delivered an address, which was subsequently published, at the centennial celebration of the incorporation of his native town. His tastes in this direction gave a special zest and value to a visil which lie made, in the summer of 1878, to several of the scenes of special historical in- terest ill the Old World. Politically, the sympathies of Judge Smith have been with the Republican party since its Brst organi- zation, lie was an earnest advocate of the great principles which that party bore inscribed upon its banners in our terrible civil stri'e and in the period of ; :ion which followed it, and which are des- tined to go down to the future as the inspiring aid plastic force in one of the greal epochs in human his- tory. He was. in 1856, a delegate to the National Con- vention which nominated Fremont and Dayton as candidates tor President and Vice-President. Religiously, by education and by conviction, his sympathies are with the Orthodox Congregationalists. He early identified himself with the Franklin Street Congregational Society in Manchester, assuming his full share of its burdens and responsibilities, being called at different times to rill the offices of president, treasurer aud director in it. In 1870 he became a member in full communion of the church with which thai society is connected, and has always taken a warm and lively interest in its prosperity and in the advancement of the cause which it represents. Judge Smith was united in marriage, August 16, 1854, with Amanda \\\, .laughter of Hon. Hiram Brown, the first mayor of Manchester. Their chil- dren, eight in number, are Mary Amanda, born June 5, 1855; William Isaac, born February 22, 1857; Arthur Whitney, born March 9, L860; Julia Brown, born January 17, 1862 ; Edward Clark, born October 24,1864; Daniel Clark, born April 5, 1866; Jennie Patterson, born September 29, 1868; and Grace Lee, born September 10, 1870. James F. Briggs. 1 — John and Nancy (Franklin) Briggs were of that class of working Englishmen who had the courage to flee from hard surroundings which no strength could overcome, and seek in a new world, among strangers, a chance to improve their condition. They were factory operatives at Bury, Lancashire County, England, where their son James F. was horn, October 23, 1827. When he was fourteen months old they took passage on an emigrant ship for America, and after a rough voyage of more than seven weeks landed in Boston, March 4, 1829. Going direct to Andover, Mass., the father found employment in a l By Henry M. Putney, from Clark's "Successful New Bampshir woolen-factor) there From that place he removed to Saugus, where he worked a short nine, and from thence to Amesbury, which was the family home until 1836. In the fall of that year the lather, in company with two brothers, bought a small woolen- factory at Holderness (now Ashland), N. II., and, having established his home near by, commenced business on his own account, in manufacturing woolen cloths. But l'r\x operatives were needed to run this mill, and they were mainly the three pro- prietors and their children, anion- whom was the boy James, then a lad nine years old, who had begun to earn his living in a factors before the removal from Massachusetts, the family circumstances being such that all had to contribute to its support as soon as able. He was continuously employed in the mill for the next five years; but during this time he had learned enough of hooks to make him ambi- tious to know more; and, as the affairs of the family were fairly prosperous, at the age of fourteen he was sent to the academj at Newbury, N't. , and afterwards to the one at Tilton. Being an expert operative, able to take the wool from the fleece and convert it into cloth, by working in the factory a part of each year be earned the money to pay his expenses at these institutions one or more terms every year until 1848, when he arranged to commence the study of law with Hon. William C. Thompson, at Plymouth; but in February of that year his lather died. 'leaving a family of eighl children, six of whom were younger than James, in destitute circumstances. 'Ibis affliction, which threw the care of the family largely upon the young man, compelled him to change somewhat his plans; but he did not for a moment lose sight of the object he had in view, ami, as he could not enter the law-office at Plymouth, he borrowed books from it and pursued his studies during such time as he could get at home, for a y.ar, when he entered the office of Hon. Joseph Furrows, then a practicing lawyer at Holderness. In 1849 the family removed to Fisherville, in order that the younger children might obtain employment in the factory there, and he completed his studies in tl Hi< e of Judge Butler, from which he was ad- mitted to the bar in 1851. A lew months later In: ci nieed the practice of law at Hillsborough Bridge, whither he went a perfect stranger, without money or reputation. I'.ul he had ability and energy, was willing to work, knew how to live within a small income' until lie could make it larger, and little by little he gained clients and friends, who gave him a lucrative practice, accepted his counsel, followed his leadership and established his reputation as the most popular and influential man of the town. In 1856, 1857 and 1858 he was sen! by a nearly unanimous vote to represent Hillsborough in the Legislature, where he was at once accorded a prominent position as a member of the judiciary committee, and the third year was honored by the nomination of bis 30 HISTORY OF H1LLSBOH01 GH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. party Cor the Speakership. At this time he acted with the Democratic party, and continued to do so until the War of the Rebellion, when he felt that all loyal men should unite to save the Union and main- tain the national authority, and, having been nomi- nated by the Democracy of his district for councilor upon a platform which enunciated peace-at-any-price doctrines, to which he could not assent, he declined the nomination, and from that day has been an ardent, active and enthusiastic Republican. While the Eleventh Regiment was being recruited he tendered his services to the Governor of the State, and was appointed quartermaster on the staff of Col- onel Harriman. In this capacity he served through the battles of Fredericksburg, the military operations in Kentucky, and the Mississippi River expeditions which resulted in the capture of Yicksburg and Jackson, for about a year, when he was prostrated by the malaria of tin- southern swamps, and compelled to resign anil return to his home in Hillsborough. During his absence in the field and the illness which succeeded his return his legal business had become somewhat demoralized, and on the recovery of his health he concluded to start anew in a wider field of action in Manchester, to which city he re- moved in 1871, forming a partnership with Hon. Henry II. Huse, which still exists. Manchester gave him a cordial welcome. Her mill operatives and other mechanics greeted him as an honored graduate of their school, who in his after triumphs had never forgotten the hard road by which he had journeyed to success; her lawyers and clients were already well acquainted with his professional abilities; her sol- diers recognized him as an old companion-in-arms. and her politicians as an earnest Republican who could and would be a tower of strength in every campaign. Under these circumstances he did not have to wait for business or political preferment. Soon after opening his office he was appointed city solicitor, and in 1874 he was elected to the Legislature from Ward Three. Two years later he was chosen Senator from the Manchester District, and in the same yeaj was -cut to the Constitutional Convention. In all these positions he won reputation and friends to such an extent that in 1877 he was nominated for Congress without substantial opposition, and elected by a large majority. At the expiration of his hist term he was unanimously renominated, and after an exciting campaign was re-elected by a majority of eight hundred and forty-nine over the combined Democratic ami Greenback vote. Two years after- wards it became a question whether he should be returned. The traditions and prejudices of the dis- trict were strongly against a third term. Four other able and deserving men were ambitious to succeed him, and he declined to push for the nomination, but accepted a call to take the stump in Maine, leaving it for his friends to determine whether his name should be used in the convention. To one of these, who wrote him that he ought to return from Maine and attend to his canvass, he replied: "I am assured that I can be of considerable service here, and, as it is of vastly more importance that the cause shall triumph in this State next Monday than that I shall be re- nominated, I must remain and trust to you and others to decide whether it is best to send me back to Wash- ington. Whatever that decision may be, I shall be satisfied." The convention met just after the disas- trous defeat of the party in Maine, and when it appeared that there was only a desperate chance for its nominee to be elected. It decided that it' any man could succeed he could, and a few days alter he took the stump. Manchester, which was counted a doubtful city when the convention assembled, gave him more than eight hundred majority, and the rest of the district swelled this to fourteen hundred and eighty. In Congre>*. Mr. Briggs was from the first a faithful, hard-working member, always in his seat, tireless in serving his constituents, especially the veteran sol- diers, ami conscientiously devoted to the discharge of all his duties. In the Forty-fifth Congress lie was a member of the committee on patents; in the Forty- sixth, of the committee on naval affairs; and m the Forty-seventh, chairman of the committee on expen- ditures in the War Department, and a member of the judiciary and reform in the civil service. No member of the House commanded a more perfect confidence in his associates, ami few, it' any, were able to accomplish so much. He succeeded at Wash- ington as he did at home, by quiet, patient, persistent work, and was satisfied with results rather than with brilliant outbursts and noisy exhibitions of his rhet- orical powers. Mr. Briggs married Koxana Smith, the daughter of Obadiah ami Eliza M. Smith, of New Hampton, and ha- had three children, all of whom are living. The oldest, a -on. was educated at West Point, ami served four years in the army, when he resigned, and is now engaged in the manufacturing business in Trenton, N. d. Two daughters reside with their parents in Manchc - In concluding this brief sketch, written without the knowledge of its subject, the author feels that it will fail to satisfy those who have known Mr. Briggs inti- mately without some direct reference to the qualities which characterize him in all positions in lite. Prom- inent among these arc hi- perfect fidelity, industry, steady courage and thoroughness. It is natural for him to lie true, impossible tor him to lie false. He is ambitions, ami few prize more highly the honors they win: lent lie i> incapable of the duplicity, and all the cheap artifices b) which some men suc- ceed. His faithfulness to his conviction- does not count cost or query about consequences to himself. He is as stanch and true a friend as ever lived, and he never cheats those whom he dislikes or despises. His generosity and devotion to his family are far- ^3l2^^£j ijD^t^y THE BENCH AND BAR. :;i reaching and untiring. He is a public-spirited citi- zen, a kind neighbor and a pleasant companion. He is always approachable, patient and considerate. In every cause in which he enlists he is a hard worker and 8 free giver. He knows how to wait and how to look beyond temporary reverses to the complete tri- umph which he always believes will crown and estab- lish the right. He never frets and never rests until the result is secure. His private lite is without a stain, and the fierce light of the hottest campaign has disclosed no shadow of a blot upon his publii record. His sympathies are with the people, and his head and hands are controlled by his heart. These qualities have made James F. Brings what he is. They have supplied the place of early advantages, influential friends and fortune. They have carried him from the woolen-mill, working for a few cents a day, to the national House of Representatives, commissioned to speak and act for the largest and richest district in New Hampshire. They made him strong at the bar, popular at the polls and influential in Congress. David Cross, one of the leading lawyers at the Hillsborough County bar, was born in Weare, N. H., July 5,1817. His father, David Cross, son of Abial Cross, was born in Salem, N. H., June 19, 1772, and died in Weare. March 7, 1856. His father was a farmer, a man of great energy, remarkably indus- trious and upright, kind and hospitable, and held in high esteem by all who knew him. His mother was Olive Kimball, daughter of Thomas Kimball and Olive Love joy Kimball, of Pembroke; was born June 19, 1782, and died April :!, 1871. He fitted for college at Hopkinton and Phillips Academy, A ndover, Mass., and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1841. He read law in the office of Willard Raymond, in Troy. N . Y., at the Harvard Law School, and office of Hon. Daniel Clark, in Manchester, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1844, and has continued in active practice to the present time. In 1856 he married Anna Quackenbush Eastman, a daughter of Hon. Ira Allen Eastman, who was a member of Congress from this State for four years and one of the judges of the Supreme Court for fifteen years, and one of the most distinguished lawyers ol the State. He died in Manchester in 1881. Her mother, a daughter of John N. Quackenbush, of Albany, N. Y., is living in Manchester. Of the five children of Mr. and Mrs. Cross, two died in infancy, clarence Eastman Cross died Janu- ary 11, 1881, he being within eleven days oftwenty-one years of age. He was a member of the junior class in Dartmouth College. The death of Clarence was a terrible grief to his parents and a disappointment of many cherished plans. He seemed to leu, inherited from his father ami grandfather a taste and an ability for the law, and his character and talent gave high hopes of success. He seems abundantly qualified to assist his father in professional labor ami to achieve for himself an honorable position, of the two sur- viving children. Allen Eastman Cross, born hecem- ber 30, 1864, is now a member of the senior class in Amherst College; Edward Winslow Cross was bom July 21, 1875. Judge Cross has always manifested an interest in all matters tending to advance the moral and mate- rial interests of his city and the State. In 1852 and L853 be was city solicitor. In 1848, 184'.), 1856, 1876 ami 1S77 he was a member of the Legislature from Manchester. In L856 he was appointed judge of Probate tor Hillsborough County, which office he held until 1874. He was United States pension agent from 1865 to 1872. During all the time he was judge of Probate and pension agent he continued in the active practice of law at Manchester, — the business of the pension agency being done by clerks under his supervision and direction. The labor in his profession from 1865 to 1872, with his other business, was severe ; he, how- ever, always worked with great cheerfulness, and filled every position.' creditably and honorably. Judge ( 'loss was one of the directors, from 1855 to 1865, of the Merrimack Elver State Bank, and has been one of the directors and vice-president of the First National Bank since its organization, in L865. He has also, since 1861, been one of the trustees of the Merrimack River Savings-Bank. He is an active meniliorofthe Franklin Street Congregational Church. He has been associated as partner in the practice of law with Elijah Miller Topliff, Henry E. Burnham, Ira A. Eastman, and at the present time with D. Arthur Taggart. No office in the State probably for the last thirty-live years has had so many law students That Judge Cross has been eminently successful in his chosen profession the records of the courts of New Hampshire and the testimony of his cotemporaries in practice abundantly prove. He came to the bar of Hillsborough County at a time when such men as Pierce, Perley, Daniel Clark, George Y. Sawyer and George W.Morrison were inthefull tideof successful practice, constituting a galaxj that tor ability and bril- liancy has seldom been seen at the same timein prac- tice before the courts of a -ingle county or Stat.'. While not so richly gifted with oratorical powers as some of these men, he at once look a position, and lias since maintained a reputation not inferior to theirs as a sound lawyer and a safe and prudent counselor. Tie secret of Judge Cross' success seems to be largely due to causes over which he had no control ; he had the rare good fortune to be endowed naturally with strong and active mental powers, keen moral perception and a sound constitution. Careful disci- pline of these gifts and faculties has produced in him a broad and well-balanced mind, practical good sense and judgment, an even and cheerful temper, warm ami deep sympathies, a cordial and engaging manner, a modest and unselfish disposition, a sturdy honesty 32 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. that temptation assails in vain, ami a capacity and love for the often laborious work and duties of his i which make all burdens light and labor pleasant. Judge Cress enters into the cause of his client with zeal and prosecutes it with energy, but never forgets the principles of justice, and is never unmindful of the rights of others, seeking in all his acts to aid the court and jury to reach just conclusions upon the law and evidence. By his candor ami fairness in con- ducting the numerous i-msis before tie' courts he has won the confidence alike of court and jury, which fact has deservedly contributed largely to his success, and at the same time gained lor him the warmest personal regard of his brethren at the bar. To the large number of younger men wdio in forty years have made Judge Cross's ollice a school in which to pre- pare themselves for the duties of professional life he has been more than an instructor. By his uniform courtesy, his upright, honorable conduct, fairness and unswerving rectitude, he has taught them not only the principles of law, but the principles that underlie high and manly character as well. In the full vigor of his professional life, with a large and successful business, rich in the confidence and regard of his professional brethren and fellow-citizens in every walk of life, he seems to have reached the full fruition of his labors, and to be in the enjoyment of the pleasure that an honorableand unselfish career confers upon any man. LUCIEN B. CLOUGH was graduated at Dartmouth College with the class of 1850. lie commenced his legal study with Messrs. Morri- son A Fitch, of Manchester, in 1x50, ami afterwards pursued it with Raymond & King, of Troy, X. Y., ami was admitted to tin liar in Albany, N. Y.. upon examination, in 1851. In Is/,:; he returned to New Hampshire and. after being admitted in this State, opened an office in Manchester. In 1874 he was appointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough, which office he held about two years. In 1878, David F. ('lark. Esq., who studied his profession with Mr. Clough, became associated with him as junior partner, under the style of Clough & (.'lark, which firm is still in practice. CyrtjsA.Si i .low \y, son of Greeley and Betsey L. Sulloway, was born in Grafton. N. II., June 8, 1839. His boyhood was passed in his native town, where his opportunities tor securing an education were very limited. He, however, improved such ad- vantages as were afforded by the common schools, and subsequently attended the academies at Canaan, An- dover, Franklin, and Colby Academy, at New Lon- don, N. II. Having decided upon the legal profession as his life- work, he began the study of the law, in 1861, in the office of Pike & Barnard, at Franklin. N. H. He was admitted to the bar at Plymouth, in November, 1863, and soon after located in .Manchester, forming a copartnership for the practice of law with Samuel 1 >. Lord, under the firm-name of Lord & Sulloway. This partnership continued until September, 1873, when Mr. Sulloway associated with him Elijah M. Topliff, the firm being Sulloway & ToplifF. Dennis F. O'Con- nor subsequently became a member of the firm, it Sulloway, ToplifF <& < »'( lonnor. Mr. Sulloway was a member of the Legislature in 1s7l' and 1873, in the former year being chairman of the committee on elections, am! in the latter chair- man of the judiciary committee of the House. He was also deputy collector of internal revenue from L873to L878. In 1878 he was opposed to the con- traction of the currency, and in that year was the Oi'cinliack candidate for Congress. He was a mem- ber of the Republican party down to 1880. In that year be east his vote tor Hancock, and in 1884 for President Cleveland. May 31, 1864, he united in marriage with Helen M., daughter of Jonathan W. Fifield and Theodorah (Dickinson) Fifield, of Franklin, and their family consists of one daughter,— Belle H., born July 31, 1868. Mr. Sulloway, upon his admission to the bar, at once displayed such energy, ability and adaptation to his profession that be soon surrounded himself with a large clientage, and rapidly rose to prominence. To great keenness, penetration and power id' ana- lysis he adds fluency, pungency and force in the pres- entation of a cause toajury, and as an advocate, he espouses his causes fearlessly and leaves nothing undone, in the line of honorable warfare, to win suc- cess. His prominence in the trial of the most important causes in his own county, and his constantly widening field of practice, now embracing a majority of the counties in the Slate, arc conclusive proofs that his legal fame rests upon a solid and enduring basis. Hon. Henry E. BuRNHAM, son of Henry L. and Maria A. Burnham, was born in Dunbarton, N. II., November 8, 1844. He graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1865, and was admitted to the Merrimack County bar in 1868. He began the practice of the law in Manchester, N. 11., in September of same year. He was appointed judge of Probate for Hillsborough County July 25, 1876, and resigned June 3, L879. Charles Henry Bartlett was bom in Sunapee, N. H., October 15, 1833. He is the fourth son of John and Sarah J. (Sanborn) Bartlett, and is a lineal descendant, in the eighth generation, of Richard Bar- tlett, \\ ho came from England to Newbury, Mass., in the ship "Mary and John," in 1634. The original orthography of the name was Bartte- lot, which is still preserved by the family in Eng- land, whose ancestral home in Stopham. Susses County, has remained in possession of the family for nearly a thousand years, and the present occupant, Y) V /0//0I, THE BENCH AND BAR. 33 Hon. Walter B. Baxttelot, is the member of Parlia- ment from that county. In the same ancestral line is found the name of Hon. Josiah Bartlett, who, as a delegate in the Con- tinental Congress from New Hampshire, was the first man to vote "yes" on the passage of the Declaration of Independence, July 4,177(1, and the second to affix his signature thereto. All the Bartletts whose names appear in the annals of New Hampshire trace their lineage to the same ancestry. Mr. Bartlett has four brothers— Joseph S., who re- sides in Claremont, and Solomon, John Z. and George H., who reside in Sunapee — and two sisters, — Mrs. Thomas P. Smith and Mrs. John Felch. His parents passed awaj at the advanced age of eighty-two years, in the enjoyment of an ample competency, the fruits of a long life of earnest and cheerful labor, and the practice of astern, self-denying economy, a character- istic of the best type of our Now England husbandry. Mr. Bartlett's early life was mainly spent upon his father's farm, laboring through the summer season and attending school during the winter. He early de- veloped a decided taste for literary pursuits, and from childh I devoted a liberal share of his leisure mo- ments to the perusal of such 1 ks as were accessible to him. He also contributed liberally to the current literature of the day, and showed remarkable facility in both prose and poetic composition. He received his education at the academies at Washington and New London, after which he commenced the study of law in the office of Metcalf & Barton, at Newport. He studied subsequently with George & Foster, at Concord, and with Morrisson .V Stanley, at Manches- ter, being admitted to the bar of Hillsborough County, from the office of the latter, in 1858. In that year he began the practice of bis profession at Wentworth, N. H., and in 18(53 removed to Manchester, where be has since resided. For some two years he was law- partner with the late Hon. James U. Parker, the partnership terminating with the retirement of the latter from active business. In June, 1867, he was appointed, by Judge Clark, clerk of the United States District Court for the New Hampshire district, since which time he has not actively practiced his profes- sion, but has devoted himself to the duties of his office, which became very onerous and responsible upon the passage of the Bankrupt Law, about the time of his appointment. The holding of this office under the government of the United States has disqualified him from accepting any office under the State gov- ernment. He was clerk of the New Hampshire Sen- ate from lSiil to 1*65, Covernor Smyth's private secre- tary in 1865 and 1866, treasurer of the State Reform School in lstiii and 1867. In the same year he was unanimously chosen city solicitor, but declined a re- election, owing to his appointment as clerk of the Dis- trict Court. In 1872 he was elected, as the nominee of the Republican party, mayor of the city, and served till February 18, 1873, when he resigned in accord- ance with the policy of the national government at that time, which forbade United States officials from holding State or municipal offices. His cheerful co- operation with the administration in this neuter. though at a sacrifice of a most conspicuous public position, was handsomely recognized by President Grant, through Attorney-General Williams. His last official act as mayor was to order the city treasurer to pay the amount due him for salary to the Firemen's Relief Association. Mr. Bartlett has been a trustee ol the Merrimack River Savings-Hank from 1865 to the present time, and a trustee of the People's Sav- ings-Bank from its organization, in 1874. He is also a director in the Merchants' National Bank. Hewas the Master of Washington Lodge of Freemasons If April, 1872, to April. 1874, and uow holds the position of United States commissioner, to which he was ap- pointed in 1872. The only positions of trust he has held since his appointment as clerk of the United States Court are as a member of the hist Constitutional Convention and chairman of the commission ap- pointed by the Governor and Council to investigate the affairs of the New Hampshire Asylum for the In- sane. Mr. Bartlett married, December 8, 1858, Miss Han- nah M. Eastman, of Croydon, N.H., by whom he had one son, Charles Leslie, who died at the age of four years, anil one daughter, Carrie Bell. Clarke's "History of Manchester," from which the foregoing facts are gathered, closes its biographical sketch of Mr. Bartlett as follows: "Mr. Bartlett has a keen, well-balanced mind, whose faculties are always at bis command. He thinks readily, but acts cautiously, and seldom makes a mistake. Hence be bus been financially successful in almost everything be has un- dertaken. He is one of the most practical lawyers in the State, and was for several years in charge of the law department of the Mirror, giving general satis- faction, ami his withdrawal, when his business com- pelled it, was a source of much regret to the readers of that paper." In 1881 Dartmouth College conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. In 1882, Mr Bartlett was elected to the New Hamp- shire State Senate, resigning his office as clerk of the United States District Court. At the assembling of the Legislature, on account of his eminent fitness, he was chosen president of the Senate, an office Second in rank to that of < lovernor of the State. Joseph B. Clarke was born in Gilford, N. H., June 21, 1823. He graduated from Brown Univer- sity, L848. He commenced the study of the Ian with the late Judge Asa Fowhr, of Concord, and subsequently entered the office of S. C. Lyford, at Laconia, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He commenced the practice of bis profession, in Manchester, in 1855; was city solicitor in 1858 and 1859; representative in the Legislature in 1850; was mayor ol' the city in 1867; was appointed 34 HISTORY OF HILLSIiOUOUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. county solicitor in 1861, and held the office ten years. He is identified with the banking and other leading interests ofthe city, and ''has taken pari in whatever might be prominent in society at any time, interest- ing himself in politics, military affairs, banking, rail- ways, etc., and bis election to the mayoralty of the city testifies to the confidence with which he lias been regarded as a public man. Cautious, prudent and thoughtful, a hard worker and a true friend, be lias made a good name in the city, and is favorably known throughout the State. He is a good citizen and was one of the foremost men and most liberal giversin the construction ofthe First Baptist Church." Hon. Benjamin Franklin Ayer, 1 the son of Robert and Louisa (Sanborn) Ayer, was born at Kingston, April 22, 1825. He graduated at Dart- mouth College in 1846, and read law with George W. Morrison. Esq., and at Harvard University Law School. Went into practice in Manchester in July, 1849; was elected clerk of Common Council in the sane' year and again in 1850. He was a partner in the practice of the law with Samuel H. Ayer, Esq., from about 1850 until the decease of the latter, then continued in business alone until June 1, 1854, at which time be became the law-partner of Herman Foster, which partnership continued until April 10, 1857. He represented Manchester in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1853 and was attorney for Hillsborough County from 1853 to 1856. One year later he removed to Chicago, 111. He succeeded Sam- uel H. Ayer, Esq., as solicitor for Hillsborough County and held the office several years. He has held the office of city solicitor in Chicago and is the present attorney of the Illinois Central Railroad. Hon. Samuel Upton, who has spent most of his active life in the city of Manchester, in this State, has been long known as an earnest and aggressive worker in politics and a sincere advocate of the cause of temperance and of religion. His father, Daniel Up- ton, a descendant of John Upton, an Englishman of considerable means, who settled very early in what is now the town of Danvers, Mass., came to Wilmot, this State, in 1816, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1856. He married, for bis second wile. Asenath feel, of < Joflstown, N. H., in 1822, and had a large family of children. Of him it has been said that he possessed little of worldly wealth, but was rich in Christian faith and good works ; that he possessed sound intelligence and made his influence felt in moulding into form the crude elements which at best enter largely into the composition of all new- settlements. His eldest son by this marriage, Samuel, the subject <>(' this sketch, was born September 12, 1824. The story of his early life differs little from that of many others who have, unaided by fortune, successfully suii' I'd againsi hardships and privation-. Cour- I B. CI. ugh ageously, however, he entered the contest, though his delicate health counted against his success. Exhaust- ing at an early age the resources of the public schools, at that time indifferent in quality, and limited in quantity, he sought, by such labor in the field and the workshop as his health would permit, to obtain means lor further education in the academies of the State. In time be was enabled to attend one term at the New London Academy, and subse- quently completed a course at Kimball Union Acad- emy, Meriden, N. H., in the fall of 1849, defray- ing, by manual labor during vacations and by teach- ing winters, the entire expense of his course. He loved books, and the pleasure derived from their study was to him ample compensation for the many depri- vations through which their companionship was pur- chased. While pursuing his studies and subsequently he taught in the public schools, — one term in Danbury, N. H., three in Wilmot, two of which were in his own district, into which school he introduced modern methods of teaching, and raised its standard a marked degree, infusing an ambition and pride among the pupils which is still felt. He also taught one term at Meriden immediately after his graduation and finished one term at I 'ornish Flatt, from which school the unruly boys had driven the former teacher ; then taught four terms in Ash- land, Mass., five in Manchester, N. H., four of which were in connection with the High School as assistant or principal. He also taught in academies one term each at Ashby, Mass., Corinth, Vt., and Deering, N. H. As a teacher he was eminently successful, and though fond of the work, he was looking forward to the law as a profession. For this purpose he com- meneed reading law in the office of Butterfield & Hamlin, Andover, N. H., in the spring of 1851 ; re- mained in that office one year, then completed his studies in the office of D. & I). J. Clark, in Manches- ter, N. H., in the fall of 18.">4. Upon admission to the bar lie opened an office in that city, and soon was admitted to practice in the United States Circuit Court. In 1857 he was appointed justice ofthe Po- lice Court in Manchester, which office he held for seventeen years. During bis occupancy of this posi- tion the powers of the court were extended, and his administration of the duties of justice received gen- eral commendation from all parties. From his boyhood he was active in politics, and in his school-days showed an aptitude for political dis- cussion much in advance of his years. On the sla- very question he had but one opinion, — that if human slavery was not wrong, nothing was wrong, and he lost no opportunity to wage warfare upon thai institution. He east his political fortunes with the Liberty party, and his first vote was probably counted as scattering. In the organization and success of the Republican party he took an active interest, ami was prominent as a public speaker, making many canvasses of the State. He represented Manchester i-iu^cl 'Itk/l^-'' a. THE BENCH AND BAR. :;.-. in the Statu Legislature in 1855 and 1856, and in December, 1863, was appointed, by President Lincoln, commissioner of Board of Enrollment for the Second Congressional District, which position he held until the close of the war, in 1865. He was also appointed visitor to the West Point Academy in 1861, but owing to sickness in his family, was unable to attend the examination. He also served three years on the Public School Board in Manchester, taking an active interest in the schools, especially in the High School, the Lincoln Street Grammar School and the Training- School, the care ot' which was especially assigned to him as a sub-committee. As a temperance worker he was connected with several organizations and delivered an address before the State Temperance Convention on " The History and Workings of the Prohibitory Law," which at- tracted much attention, and was published by the convention in pamphlet form for circulation. Early in life he united with the Congregational Church, and in some capacity has ever since been connected with its Sabbath-schools. For eight years he was superin- tendent of the Franklin Street Sabbath-School, in Manchester, to the interest of which he devoted much time and labor, and he now looks upon the time thus spent as the most pleasant and profitable of his life. In 1875 he removed to Western Iowa, hoping the change might benefit the health of his wife, and free- ing himself from political work, be enabled to de- vote a few years to a more remunerative occupation. There he engaged in mercantile business with his brother-in-law, under the firm-name of Prescott & Upton, and the firm soon became well known in the business community for its enterprise and success. As individuals, they did much to build up the new town and to establish for it a good reputation. It was saiil to be the only town between Dubuque and Sioux City free from the curse of beer-saloons. To this new field of labor Mr. Upton carried with him not only his zeal for temperance, but also his love for Sabbath-school work, uniting with the school the first Sabbath alter his arrival, and laboring as teacher of the class of adult scholars and as superintendent •during his residence there. He also served as a mem- ber of the Public School Board, and on the incorpora- tion of the town, refusing to allow his name to be used for mayor, he served as one of the Council. In 1883 he returned to New Hampshire, settling in Goflstown, opening a law-office there and in Man- chester, and also engaging in trade. He is :it present superintendent of the Sabbath-school in the village where he resides, and a member of the Board of Edu- cation. In 1857 he married Jennie L. Merriman, one of the teachers in the High School at Manches- ter. Their only child died in infancy. Measured by results, Mr. Upton can look back upon a most suc- cessful life. Engaging in the liberty cause when to befriend the negro, even in New England, subjected one to vile taunts and social ostracism, he lias seen the cause he knew to be right spread until slavery is forever dead and a President, elected by its former supporters, escorted to the Capitol by a battalion of negro soldiers without exciting comment. Advocating a prohibitory liquor law when liquor was openly sold in everj town in the State, he has lived to see the liquor traffic suppressed in all but one or two eities in le State, and the measures he advocated received almost tin- unanimous approval of both political parties. As a public speaker he possesses in a marked degree a capacity for marshaling facts and tor pre- senting them to the public in a manner which both pleases and instructs. For his efforts in polities and the cause of temperance be has been both censured and praised, but no one has doubted for a moment the integrity of his purpose or the unselfish motives which have ever prompted him. He is yet in vigor- ous health, and likely to enjoy for many years the proud satisfaction of having been an active worker on the successful side in the two great struggles, one ■ of which has relieved the country of hitman slavery, while the other has well-nigh driven from his native State the liquor saloons with their train of evils. The present members of the Manchester bar are as follows : John II. Andrews, Charles H. Bartlett, John P. Bartlett, Samuel N. It'll. John e. Bickford, Henry W. Blair, James F. Briggs, Albert 0. Brown, II. um I. Buraham, Charles A. Carpenter, Bradbury P. Cillej, Benjamin F. Clark, Daniel Clark, David F. Clark, B. F. Clark, Henry S. Chirk, .!■-■ [.li l: rl.iik, l..\\i- w chirk, I.ucian B. Clough, Charles E. FellowB.John Foster, Christophei \ Gallagher, MichaelJ Btealy, [aaac L. Heath, Nathan P. Hunt, Henry B Base, Edwin r Jones, Joseph L Boeuf, William Little, _. A Little, Frank! Livingston - ID Lord, Thomas l> Lnce, George I. .11. Allister, John T. Moore, Charles ft. Morrison, G geW. Morrison, Herbert I-'. NorriB, Charles A. O'Connor, Dennis F O'Connor, Alpheus C. Osg 1. Jesse B. Patten, William i: Patten, David L. Perkins, David 1'. Perkins, George W. Presi ott, Albion R. Simmons, Isaac W. Smith, James B. Straw, Cyrus A. Sulloway, \i- tlmi I). Taggart, Elijah 51. Topliff, Newton H. Wilson. Perley Dodcje was born in New Boston, N. H., May 17, 1799. He is the son of William and Rachel (Poland) Dodge. His father was a farmer, and the boyhood of Mr. Dodge was spent on the farm until his sixteenth year. He then fitted tor college, and finally graduated at Union College, Schenectady, N, Y., in the class of LsiM. He chose the law as his profession, and studied with Titus Brown, of Frances- town, and Nehemiah Eastman, of Farrington, N. II. October, 1827, he was admitted to the bar, and began practice with his former instructor, Titus Brown, al I'l.iin estown and New Boston. This copartnership was continued until 1832, in March of which year Mr. Dodge removed to Amherst, N. II., where he now re- sides at the advanced age of eighty-six years. He continued the practice of law at Amherst until 1839, when, in < Ictober ot' that year, he was appointed clerk of the courts of Hillsborough County, the multiform duties of which position lie faithfully discharged until March, 1857. He then returned to the practice of his profession, which hi' has continued to the present HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. time, though for the past few years he lias practically retired from the active duties of the profession. Mr. 1 >odge has been a w ise and sale counselor and a suc- cessful praet it inner, and is regard, d a- one of t lie nic- est aud must honored members of the New Hampshire bar. In L837 he was elected as representative from Am- herst to the General Court, and again in 1853 and 1854 he was re-elected to the same position. Waschairman of the committee on banks in 1853, and of railroads in 1854. It may be stated, as a remarkable fact, that Mr. Dodge has attended every court of record in Hills- borough County since his admission to the bar, and during all the years he was clerk of the coiin.hr took every verdict from the jury except one (and that omission was occasioned by his illness). Mr. Dodge is a calm, dignified, plain-spoken man, of clear judg- ment and comprehensive intelligence: conservative in his views, yet in hearty sympathy with whatever in his judgment tends to the elevation of the mental or moral tone of the community in which he lives, or of mankind in general. In politics he has always been a Democrat. Hemarried, May 31, 1831, Harriet, daughter of Hon. Peter Woodbury, of Francestown, and sister of the Hon. Levi Woodbury. Their children were, — Perley Woodbury, born March 28, 1839, married Sophia E. Phelps. August 13, 1863, and resides iu Amherst. They have one child, Charles Perley, born September ::. 1864, now a 'udent at Sherburn Falls, Mass. Charles William, born September -1, 1842, married, first, Rebecca 0. Christy, of New Boston, September 4, 1869. She died January 2, 1873. He married, second, Lelia J. Small, March 11, 1878. She died April 4, 1885, in Amherst. They have one child liv- ing, Martha Belle, bom July 10, 1882. Maurice Whipple, bom .Inly 31, 1881, died dune 2."., 1883. Martha W., born June 25, 1846, married James B. Whipple, of New Boston. June 25, 1877, and died July 21, 1881. Hon. Aaron Flint Sawyer was bom April 24. 1780, at Westminster, Mass. He was educated at Dartmouth, from which college he was graduated in 1804. He practiced law for many years at Mont Vernon, N. 11., and removed to Nashua about 1828, and there followed his profession until his death, Jan- uary 4, 1847. An able lawyer, he was longa conspic- uous man in the community, and represented Nashua in the Lower House of the State Legislature in 1N47. the \ ear of his death. He was a gentleman of the old school, with some not unpleasant eccentricities arising from the strong positiveness of his nature: a kind- hearted and cheerful individual, he was a good citizen, an excellent neighbor and a strong friend. He was an eminent Christian, and for years a zealous worker ami teacher in the Congregational Sabbath -school. He married, August 2o, 1811, Hannah Locke, grand- daughter of Rev. Samuel Locke, D.D., president of Harvard College from 177ti to 177:1. Of their children, two have attained eminence in the legal profession ; the oldest, Samuel L., now of Independence, Mo., has Keen for a long time a hailing member of the bar of that State and a circuit judge for many years. He has also been a member of Congress. Aaron W., his third child, occupied an equally honorable and dis- tinguished place at the New Hampshire bar. Hon. A.aron Worcester Sawyer 1 was born in Mont \ ernou, Hillsborough County. X. II. . Octobi i 11. 1818, and died in Nashua, N. II., August 23, 1882. He was the son of Hon. Aaron F. and Hannah (Locke) Sawyer. His father was a man of liberal education, a lawyer by profession, a gentleman of the old - hool, a man of warm and generous impulses, a devoted and active Christian. His mother was Hannah Locke, a granddaughter of Rev. Samuel Locke, D.D., the president ol Harvard College from 1770 to 177:'.. Mrs. Sawyer was a woman of strong and marked character, of much refinement and excellent judgment, and the moral and intellectual qualities id' Judge Sawyer bore the strong impress of his mother's character ami training. The first few years of Judge Sawyer's life were passed in Mont Vernon, from which place his father removed, about 1828, to Nashua. He was educated at the public schools of Nashua, and the academies of Hancock, Deny and Nashua. During the years which he devoted to the study of the law, and, in fact, before he entered upon its study, com- mencing at an early age, he taught the winter terms. of the district schools in neighboring towns. This was an occupation in which he took great enjoyment and in which, pursued for eight or teu years, he acquired an exceptional aud deserved popularity. In this pur- suit he exhibited a diligence, patience and thorough- ness which marked the character of the man. while lie drew to himself the friendship of his pupils and their patrons with a strength and warmth which remained through life. He was admitted to the bar in 1844, and in 1846 began the practice of the law in Nashua. From that time until 1*72 his profe-sional career was continuous, uninterrupted and successful. Commencing with a love of business and fondness for legal lore, hi- practice was marked by a wonderful patience of research in its profound depths, an unflinching courage iu the ad- vancement and presentation of his views, ami an un- swerving fidelity to his client and his cause. He was no machine lawyer, ready at all times to try, but indifferent to results; nor did he prostitute his profes- sion to speculative purposes, unprofessional in char- acter. His presentation to court and jury was earnest, vigorous, persuasive and convincing, and, on occasions, eloquent. The natural tendency of his mind was at once mathematical and logical. His memory was Uhirilv condensed from a n.i-m.ukil a.lli.— I.\ o. .,.,.,: si, on- I" f.nv llillsKTi'iijili Cmmty l.ar. J.foJ* THE BENCH AND BAR. fresh and retentive, his knowledge of human nature accurate and profound, and in his appreciation of the individual man, lie was seldom, if ever, deceived. Those who have been associated with or opposed to him will agree that when putting forth his whole strength, — bringing all his resources to bear upon the contention of the hour,— his power was wonderful, and his success almost certain. In 1848, Mr. Sawyer formed a copartnership with Hon. Charles G. Atherton, one of the most eminent men ofNew Hampshire, a connection which continued till the death of the latter, in November, 1853. From thai tiiu'' lie pursued the practice of his profession alone until April, 1858, when he formed a professional connection with General Aaron F. Stevens, which continued for more than a quarter of a century. Mr. Sawyei was a positive man, with fixed and distinct ideas and opinions. He had, withal, a spirit of independence, which led him sometimes to grow impatient of the restraints of organizations and the behests of party discipline; hut in his loyalty of con- viction of what was demanded for the welfare of his country he was never known to fail. He was a warm and ardent patriot, and met with alacrity the call ot the Governor for financial aid, when the first warlike note of the Rebellion fell upon the ear of New Hamp- shire. Eminently fitted as he was for public station, the allurements of ambition never drew him from the more congenial com torts and j ox a of home or the ardent pursuit of professional duty and success. A small measure of public fame satisfied a mind well fitted to correct the vagaries of polities, and to test, the genu- ineness and value id' human pretension. Mr. Sawyer held all important local offices of his town and city, served as Representative and Senator in the State Legislature, and from 1867 until July, 1876, he held the office of register in bankruptcy. (in the 22d of July, 1876, he received from Governor Ohenej Ins commission as associate justice of the Supreme Court, but tailing health obliged him to resign his office within two year>. In all the public trusts to which he was called, strength of character and fidelity of purpose marked his administration. Mr. Sawyer married, first, Mary Frances Ingalls, of New York City; second, Fanny, daughter of Francis and Almira (Stetson) Winch, of Nashua, September 12, L855. Their children were Fanny Ingalls (de- ceased Fanny Locke, Aaron Frank (deceased) and William Merriam. .Indue Sawyer was not only an eminent lawyer and jurist, but also a devoted laborer in the vineyard of Christ. For many years he was a member of the Firsl Congregational Church of Nashua, a teacher in the Sabbath-school, active in the prayer-meeting and useful in all Christian work. About eight years be- fore hi> death he received from the Hollis Association a license to preach the gospel. In his discourses, which he prepared with great care, he possessed rare power. His subjects were patiently studied in the light ot Scripture, and, with the aid of the best ex- positors, thoroughly digested and assimilated in his own thoughts; his sermons passed through the glow- ing furnace of his own experience and came before the listener rich, full and warm with religious fervor. Their delivery was marked by a certain tenderness of tone and manner which led each auditor to feel that the speaker was seeking the individual good of his hearers. "If tu have won for liiios.lt' .» proud position in the ranks of Ins profes- si the suffrages and approbation of his fellow-citizens to the full meas- ure of his opportunities ami a.-pirattons ; to have utilized superior intel- lectual power and endow nts to the constant ami wise solution of the abstruse problems anil varied atlairp of his profession ; to have gained, with" out pretension or ostentation, l.v tie- -trermth and force of character, the abiding confidence of his clients, and to have held that confiden through all tests and trials to the etel ; to have become the favorite adviser of his youngei and trustful brethren of the bar ; if to have constantly clothed his daily walk with the example ol ■ pure life, whose i ality, though Arm and constant, never taught him to be morose or austere ; to have elevated that life of undo vial ni- molality to itstwinship with a Christian faith ; if to have adorned his domestic life with tic eiidni in- fidelity of the husband, the deep and constant altectioii of ll„. father; Pi have so cherished industry, frugality, teiuporaiici', that these viitnc- won l,,i him, and for those who wen' hi" by tin- sweet and holy ties of nature and kindred, the boon of independence and fortune, aid then to Lav net death without fear, and in the calm, triumphant hopi Ol a -Ion I., pond —if these, and such as these, are the true and justly coveted fruits of human life and human exertion, we lev theii illustration and example in the life and death of Aaron W . Sawyer." Genekal Aaron F. Stevens. — Aaron Fletcher Stevens was born in Londonderry (now Derry), N. IF, August 0, 1819. He was the only son of Captain John F. and Martha Stevens, both of whom were na- tives of Massachusetts. His father, who for many years had followed the sea, went to Londonderry a short time before the birth of his son. where the family lived till 1828, when they removed to Man- chester, then a small town in Hillsborough County, now the largest and most prosperous city in the State. Here the father, then in the prime of man- hood, tried the experiment of farming, but at the end of three years abandoned the pursuit, and took up his residence in Peterborough, the oldest manufacturing town in the State, attracted thither by the superior facilities presented for the education and employment "i In- children. At Peterborough young Stevens found work in a fac- tory under the charge of I lovernorS le, and for about four years alternated between that employment and attendance upon the district school. In the mean time, however, the united savings of the family en- abled him to return to his native town and attend, for a short time, the Pinkerton Academy. The means to defray the expense- .,i i h i- -. lending were furnished in part from flu- earnings of elder sisters, whostill live to witness the fruits of their counsels and sacrifices for a brother. The parent-, careful and fond of their children, sympathized with their aspira- tions tor improvement, yet the limited means at their command enabled them to furnish little mere than the facilities of a common-school education. The early aspirations of the son for liberal education HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. and professional life were thus held in check, but he accepted with alacrity the alternative before him, and at the age of sixteen was apprenticed to the trade of a machinist. He worked at his trade several years as a journeyman, varying his employment, however, by attendance at the academy at Nashua, as well as by school-teaching, which occupied his time for several winters. In August, 1842, Mr. Stevens, at the invitation of Hon. George Y. Sawyer, then a distinguished lawyer, entered upon the study of the law at Nashua, and in August. L845, was admitted to the bar. The same kind interest led Mr. Sawyer to propose a partner- ship with Mr. Stevens, who, in that relation, entered at once into a prominent practice before the courts. At that period Hillsborough County was greatly dis- ■i for the abilitj of its liar, numbering on its roll, besides Mr. Sawyer. Benjamin M. Farley, Charles G. Atherton, George W. Morrison, Daniel Clark. Samuel II. Aver and others, all of eminence in the State, and some of wider legal reputation. It was into such a professional school that Mr. Stevens, sensible of his deficient early culture, and peculiarly averse to all presumption, was thus early thrown. The courage and the thorough preparation with which he entered upon hi- work, together with his power in grasping the substance of a case, and presenting it in a clear, logical manner, commanded the respect of both court and liar, ami gave him a high professional reputation. In the early part of his professional career Mr. Stevens was lor five years solicitor of Hillsborough County. The absence of the attorney-general ordi- narily imposed upon Mr. Stevens the duties of prose- cuting officer for that large county, thus bringing him into professional conflict with the most adroit and experienced practitioners, furnishing a rigorous test of his resources, and contributing essentially to his early distinction as a lawyer. He subsequently en- tered into a professional partnership with Hon. Aaron \V. Sawyer, an old schoolmate and townsman. Mr. Stevens entered upon active political life as a Whig, and followed the fortunes of that party with unswerving fidelity as long as it had an existence. His fust effort in the political arena was in the mem- orable campaign of L840. He was a member of the last Whig Convention in Baltimore in 1852. In 1849 he was a member of the State Legislature, represent- ing Nashua, ami again in 1854, when the Democracy, after an unparalleled contest, was defeated in the Legislature and overthrown in the State. He was again a member of the Legislature in 18.30 and ls">7. I lis candor, judgment and forecast, united with dig- nity, clearness and condensation as a debater, gave him a commanding influence in the House, and justly made him one of the most popular speakers in the State. In the Whig party he belonged to that portion who were strong in their anti-slavery convic- tions, and he carried those ideas with him into the Republican organization, of which he was an early and leading member in New Hampshire. When, at the outbreak of the Rebellion, a call was made for men to defend the capital, Mr. Stevens was one of the first to offer his services, and on April 2'.ith was commissioned by the Governoras major ofthe First New Hampshire (three months') Regiment of Infan- try. The regiment reached Washington, took part in the movement to Harper's Ferry, but was engaged in no battle. Returning home with his regiment, he resumed the practice of his profession ; but the next year was, by the unsolicited tender ofthe Governor, commissioned as colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment of New Hampshire Volunteers. He promptly organized his command and led to the field a superb regiment, made up of men from seven ofthe ten counties ofthe State. There was probably no regiment in the war of greater intelligence and high soldierly qualities. Among the names inscribed on the standard of this gallant regiment arc: Fredericksburg (its lirst battle), Suffolk, Swift Creek, Drury's Blurt; Cold Harbor, Battery Five. Petersburg and Battery Harrison, in all of which battles their colonel shared the conflict with them. During the siege of Petersburg, in 1864, Col- onel Stevens commanded a brigade. In the assault on Fort Harrison, September 29th, he fell severely- wounded at the head of his regiment and brigade. He remained upon tin- spot, close to the fort, till the colors of his command were planted upon the cap- tured parapet and the victory won. In December following he was breveted brigadier-general. The official records of the war, as well as bis companions- in-arms, bear witness to his courage as a soldier and his coolness and skill as a commander. Having closed his military career and resumed the practice of his profession. General Stevens was, in December, 1800, unanimously nominated for Congress. In March. 1867, he took his seat as a Representative in the Fortieth Congress. He served in that Con- gress on the naval committee, and the ••Treatment of Union Prisoners." Having been re-elected to t lie Forty-first Congress, he again served on the naval committee, and the committee on patents. During his Congressional service General Stevens did not often address the House in formal speeches. His chief efforts were given to the investigations of the committee room. Hut he occasionally spoke on na- tional subjects. The vital national interest- which were identified with the political struggle in 1 s<;.s called forth from him a well-considered speech in the House in February of that year, in which he pre- sented the subject of reconstruction in its essential features. He also made a short but terse argument in favor of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, in which he paid a merited tribute to the great war minister, Edwin M. Stanton. In February, 1870, lie addressed the House on "Grant and the Administra- tion." in which he fully sustained the policy of the ^Zpf^zz^ THE BENCH AND BAR. President and denounced repudiation and the expan- sion of the currency. After the close of the Forty-first Congress, General Stevens again gave his attention to professional busi- ness. In June, 1879, he lacked but two votes oi being the Republican candidate for United States Senator — the nomination being equivalent to an election. In 1861 he married Miss Adelaide M. Johnson, oi Lynn, -Mass., an educated and accomplished woman. For several years they have passed their winters in Florida, having an orange grove on the River St. Johns, three miles north of Palatka. General Stevens' home, however, is at Nashua. Aside from his well-known ability as a lawyer, his graceful manner and fluency of utterance make him welcome on all public occasions in New Hampshire. Benjamin M. Farley, son of Benjamin and Lucy (Fletcher) Farley, anil grandson of Lieutenant Sam- uel Farley, one of the first settlers of Hollis, was born April 8, 1783, in that part of Hollis afterwards set off to Brookline. Mr. Farley prepared for college at the academy in New Ipswich; graduated at Harvard Col- lege in 1804; read law with Hon. Abijah Bigelow in Leominster, Mass. ; admitted to the bar and settled in his profession in Hollis in 1808, and continued to re- side in Hollis till 1855, when he removed to Boston. Upon being established in his profession he soon rose to a high rank in it, and for many years he had no superior at the Hillsborough bar. of which he was for several years president. He died September 16, 1865. Samuel T. Worcester, son of Jesse and Sarah (Parker) Worcester, born August 30, 1804, prepared for college at the academies in Pembroke, N. H., and Andover, Mass., and graduated at Harvard College in 1830. After leaving college, taught an academy for one year at Weymouth, Mass., and also for one year at Cambridge. Read law in the office of Hon. B. M. Farley, in Hollis, and also at the Law School in Cam- bridge; settled in his profession in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1835, and continued in the practice of the law in that place till the summer of 1867, when he removed to Nashua, N. H., where he still resides (1879). May 13, 1835, married Mary F. C. Wales, daughter of Samuel Wales, Esq., of Stoughton, Mass., who de- Ci ased at Nashua, April 29, 1874. Was a member of the Ohio Senate in the years 1849 and 1850; elected district judge of the Tenth Ohio Judicial District in October, 1859, and while holding that office was elected a member of the United States Congress in the spring of 1861. Publications: 1831, "Sequel to the Spelling-Book ;" 1833, ''American Primary Spell- ing-Book ;" 1871, revised editions of "Worcester's Comprehensive and Primary Dictionaries;" 1871, •'Old and New; or, the School Systems of Ohio and New Hampshire compared." He died Dec. 5, 1882. Joseph W. Fellows, son of John and Polly Hilton Fellows, was born at Andover, N. H., January 15, 1835. He was educated in the district schools of his na- tive town and at the Andover Academy. He entered Dartmouth College in July, 1854, and graduated in 1858. He taught school in Bradford and Concord, N. H.. and in Upton, Mass., during his college term. He was also a teacher in the Brownwood Institute, in La ( (range; also, the Marietta Academy, in Marietta. Ga., in 1859-60. He studied law in the office of Hon. John M. Shirley, of Andover. and of Pike & Barnard, of Franklin, N. II., and subsequently graduated from the Albany (X. V.) University Law Department, cla>> of 1861. He was admitted to the bar in August. 1861, and commenced the practice of the law in Manchester in 1X62, where be has since resided. Hi' was appointed judge of the Police Court of Manchester in 1874, and resigned the position in 1875. Judge Fellows was elected clerk of the Con- cord Railroad corporation in 1873, and was re-elected each year until 1S84. He has been one of the trus- tees of Proctor Academy, at Andover. ami of the Unitarian Educational Society of New Hampshire since its organization. Politically, Judge Fellows i- a Democrat and an able and fearless exponent of the principles of that party. In religious matters he is a Unitarian of the liberal class. Although in the active practice oi an arduous pro- fession, Judge Fellows has found time to indulge his taste in literary pursuits and has prepared many life Sketches of his neighbors and friends, and in this branch of literary labor is not easily surpassed. He has also given much attention to the Masonic history of Manchester, and the able article which appears in Ibis work i< from his pen. Judge Fellows is a promi- nent and active member of the Masonic fraternity and has been through all grades and held many posi- tions. Judge Fellows ha- been twice married — first, to Miss Frances Moon, w ho died in 1874. and second, to Mrs. Lizzie P.. Davis. ( ictober s. 1878. Judges ok Probate.— The following is a list of the judges of Probate for the county of Hillsborough from 1784 to the present time: Jonathan Blaneuanl, from 17M I, , 1 Tso : Samml 1 'ana, from 1789 In i riiainpn.-.v. from February 13, 1793, to May, 1810; Clif- ton Claggett, from 1811 to 1812; John Harris, from August 10, 1812, to l.-il: I'liflon Cla-L'.-tt, \ mro-t :., Is*:. I,, January 'J!'. 1*20 : Edward Parker, from 1 sjo to 1835; Luke W Ibury, from 1835 to 1851; William C. Clarke, from September 8, 1851, to Julj 1", 1856; David Cross, from -Inly 14, 1-''. to 10 1874; tucien I:, Clough, from .Inly 11. Is74, to July 20, 1876; Henry B. Burnham, from .Inly 25, 1876, t" June : 1870 l d trd I Parki - Jul i :, 187! ,-nl in, nmbent. Charles Hknky Burns' was born in Milford, N. H., January 19, 1835, of good old New England stock, which on both sides had been prominent in that town from its earliest settlement. Ill HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. On his father's side he descended from that Scotch- [rish nice which has given to New Hampshire and New England SO many able men. His ancestry on his father's side is as follows : 1. John Burns, of Scotch origin, born in 1700; came to America from north of Ireland in 1736; set- tled in Milford, X. H., in 1746; died in Milford, X. H., in 1782. 2. Thomas, seventh child and third son of John. It is not yet known where or when he was born, but he was probably born in Milford. The date of his death, which occurred at Milford, is also unknown to the writer. He was, however, not far from eighty years of age when he died. He married Elizabeth Hartness, of Lunenburg, Mass. : J .. Samuel, sixth child and third son of Thomas and Elizabeth, born at Milford, September 17, 1779, died at Milford, September 20, 1817. He was select- man in Milford from the age of twenty-one for ten years. He was a strong man and died of brain fever. His funeral was the largest ever held in Milford. He married Abigail Jones, February 12, 1801. Shewas a woman of great strength of mind and of most excellent character. 4. Charles A., fourth child and second sou of Sam- uel and Abigail Burns, was born at Milford, January 19, 1809, and died of fever at Milford, January 25, 1857. He married, December 31, 1833, Elizabeth Hutchinson, of Milford. They were both people of the highest character and well known for their intel- ligence anil worth. .">. Charles H., son of Charles A. and Elizabeth, born at Milford, January 1!', 1835; married Sarah X. Mills, January 19, 1856, at Milford. They have four living children,— Charles A. Burns, Bessie Burns Gregg. Blanch Bums ami Ben. E. Burns. They have buried one sou, Arthur H. Burns, aged u, and three infant children. On his mother's side, who was a Hutchinson, he is of English descent, and we here give a somewhat extended record of that old family. The antiquity of the Hutchinson family in England is very great, ami was represented by Barnard Hutchinson, of Cowlan, in the county id' York, in 1282. He was denominated esquire, and his wile was the daughter of John Bagville, one of the oldest fam- ilies of Yorkshire. They had children,— John, Rob- ert and Mary. 1. Richard was a direct descendant from John, the heir of Cowlan : was born in England, and married, December 7, 1627, Alice Bosworth. He resided at North Markham, and about the year 1635 emigrated, with bis family, to New England. The earliest men- tion made of him in this country is found in the town records of Salem, Mass., in 1636, when the town made him a grant of land. In 1637 the town made him an additional grant of twenty acres, " provided he would set up a plough." In 1654 and 1660 further grants were made. The land was situated in the vicinity of Hathorn's Hill and Beaver Brook, which now runs through the town of Middlesex into the Ipswich River. He died about 1662. 2. Joseph, son of Richard, was born in England in 1633, and came with his father to Xew England and settled upon a portion of his father's estate, which was conveyed to him in 1666. 3. Benjamin, son of Joseph, died in 1733. He mar- ried Jane, daughter of Walter and Margaret Phillips. He married, second, January 26, 1714, Abigail Foster. Eleven children by Jane. 4. Benjamin, son of Benjamin, born at Salem, Janu- ary 27. 1693. He was a man of large wealth. He married, February 7, 1715, Sarah, daughter of John and Mary (Nurse) Tarbell. Seven children. 5. Nathan, son of Benjamin, baptized February 10, 1717. He was a farmer, and remained with his lather at Bedford, Mass., until 17M4. thence to Amherst (now Milford), where he died January 12, 1795 ; mar- ried Rachel Stearns; six children. He was one of the lirst settlers in the territory of Milford. 6. Nathan, son of Nathan, born in Amherst (now Milford), February, 1752, died December 26, 1831. He was a farmer. Married, 1778, Rebecca Peabody, daughter of William and Rebecca (Smith) Peabody. Sin was born January 2, 1752, died February 25, 1826; seven children. 7. Abel, son of Nathan and Rebecca, born at Milford. August x, 1795, died February 19, 1X46; married, Janu- ary 22, 1816, Betsey, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Bartlett. She was bom in Amherst (now Milford), October 26, 1796, died at Milford, August 2:;. L873; nine children. 8. Elizabeth, daughter of Abel and Betsey, born at Milford, June 18, 1816, now living; married, Decem- ber :;l, 1833, Charles A. Burns; nine children. 9. Charles H., sou of Elizabeth and Charles A., etc. Betsey Bartlett, wife of Abel, was also a descendant of the lirst Richard, through Joseph, third son of Joseph (first). The three races above named — Burns. Bartlett and Hutchinson — are of the highest character and respectability. This is also true of the Peabodys. Mr. Burns spent his early years upon his father's farm, and there developed that strength and good constitution with which he is so admirably equipped for the battle of life. He early evinced a desire for an education, and after getting what assistance he could from the common schools of Milford, which were always of a high order, he entered theAppleton Acad- emy, at New Ipswich, X. H., at that time' under the management of Professor Quimby, from which insti- tute he graduated in 1854. For some time he had entertained the purpose of entering the legal profession, for which he had already exhibited an aptitude. He read law in the office of Colonel O. W. Lull, in Milford, and subse- quently attended the Harvard Law School, where he graduated in the class of 1858. In May of the same year he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, in Massachu- setts, and in ( letober following be was admitted to the Lyn^a^rii^ cTYti 0( LuT-i^l^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 40 a New Hampshire bar. In January, 1859, Mr. Burns commenced the practice of the law at Wilton, N. H., where he has since resided, although of late years his extended practice through Hillsborough County and the State has necessitated the removal of his office to Nashua. He commenced his professional labors, as every young man must who has no one to rely upon but himself, with the smaller and more ordinary kinds of legal work; but by slow degrees he has risen, until to- day he is one of the most successful lawyers in New Hampshire, and his practice includes the highest order of cases Mr. Burns, although a good lawyer in all the branches of his profession, especially excels as an advocate. His advocacy is of a high order. He is what most of our lawyers, and public speakers even, are not. a natural orator. The whole bent and incli- nation of his mind lias, from his earliest years, always been in this direction. He has given himself a thor- ough training and practice at the bar, on the stump and on all those varied occasions when a public- speaker is called upon to address the people. This natural talent, thus trained, has made him a clear-cut, incisive and polished orator, who never fails to hold and impress his audience. It can be said of him, what can be said of very few men, he excels in advocacy and general oratory. His arguments before juries best illustrate bis power as a speaker, while his public addresses exhibit his peculiar charm as an orator. As an advocate he ranks among the first in the New Hampshire bar. As an ora- tor he compares favorably witli our best public speak- ers. He has held various important offices in the line of his profession. In 1876 he was appointed by Governor Cheney county solicitor for Hillsborough County, and was subsequently re-elected twice to that office by the people, the constitution in the mean time having been changed so as to make the office elective instead of ap- pointive. He held this office in all seven years, and dis- charged the difficult and delicate duties of a prosecu- ting officer in a large county ably and satisfactorily. In February, 1881, he was appointed United States district attorney for New Hampshire, and in Febru- ary, L885, wa> reappointed to that office, which be still holds, bringing to the performance of its duties the same zeal ami fidelity which be does to all his professional labors. Mr. Burns has been a life-long Republican. His father, Charles A. Burns, was an active and prominent anti-slavery worker in that little band of anti-slavery agitators which existeil in Milford. Young Burns when a boy was brought in contact with such men as Parker Pillsbury, Wendell Phillips, William Lloyd Garrison and Fred Douglass, and imbibed the senti- ments with which they were animated, so that by force of these influences he was naturally a Republican, welcoming this party as the means to carry out the principles of emancipation and freedom. When quite young his interest in the Republican cause, together with his aptitude for public speaking, led him to take the stump for his party. For years he has performed in this way the most efficient ser- vice for the Republican party, and to-day is one of its ablest and most eloquentstump-speakers. Mr. Burns was elected county treasurer of Hillsborough County in 1864 and 1865. He was also a member of tin- New Hampshire State Senate in 1ST:: ami again in 1879, and in both years was chairman of the judiciary committee took a prominent part in directing and shaping the and legislation of those years, lie was appointed by Governor Head, in 1879, on his stall, judge advocate- general, with the rank of brigadier-general. He was a delegate-at-large to the National Repub- lican Convention at Cincinnati in 1876, and repre- sented the New Hampshire delegation on the com- mittee on resolutions. He was one of the three New Hampshire delegates who strenuously opposed Mr. Blaine's nomination for President, at first voting for Mr. Bristow and finally for Mr. Hayes. He was selected to preside at the Republican State Convention, held at ( loncord September 10, 1878, and upon assuming the chair made one of his character- istic speeches. The speech was delivered just after the Greenback party had won a victory in Maine, and the public mind was full of false theories, and the high ground taken by the speaker in favor of honest money and national faith created a deep im- pression throughout the State. It was everywhere commended as a strong, forcible presentation of the issues of the hour. Mr. Burns is a man of scholarly tastes and habits ; he has a fine law library, one of the best in the State, and a choice and valuable col- lection of miscellaneous books. He is an honorary member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and also of the New England Historical and I reneal ogical Society. In 1874, Dartmouth College con- ferred upon Mr. Burns the honorary degree of A.M. He is a life-long and prominent Mason, ha\ tng taken thirty-two degrees in that order. He has also (>.-.- u master of the lodge with which he is connected. Mr. Burns was united in marriage with Sarah N. Mills, of Milford, N. H., upon his twenty-first birth- day, January 19,1856,bj whom he has had eight chil- dren, four of whom are now living, — two sons and two daughters. His oldest son, Arthur H., a high-minded young man of fine character and great promise, died in 1S77, when only twenty years of age, a great loss to his parents ami to the community in which he lived, by whom he was universally loved and respected. Mr. Burns has a fine homestead in Wilton, in which and all its surroundings he very properly takes great pride and pleasure. To his wife, his family and his home he has ever been loyally and devotedly attachei 1 On the twenty-fifth anniversary of his wedding his friends to a large number met at his house to celebrate with him that occasion. It was a notable gathering. Governor Head ami many other prominent persons were present and celebrated with his friends that event with good cheer, with the giving of many valuable presents ami by appropriate speeches, expressive of their regard and appreciation of tie lives and char- acter of Mr. Burns and his wile, and by other appro- priate literary exercises. The engraving in this "History of Hillsborough County," which accompanies this sketch of his life, is from a photograph taken January 19, 1885, the day he was fifty years of age. HISTORY OF MANCHESTER. CHAPTER I. Geographical— Indian Occupancy— The First Settlements— Names of Pioneers— The Fisheries— Biographical Notices of Earl} snil. i- Manchester lies in the eastern part of the county, and is bounded as follows : On the north by Merrimack County, on the east and south by Rockingham County, and on the west by Bedford and Goffstown. This territory was originally occupied by the Am- oskeag Indians, a tribe subject to the Penacooks, who dwelt around Amoskeag Falls. The Indians, however, did not remain here until the advent of the white settlers. Probably forty years elapsed after the red man left his much-loved fisheries at the falls be- fore the white man became a permanent resident. The First Settlement— To John Gotfe, Jr., Ed- ward Lingfield and Benjamin Kidder is ascribed the honor of having been the first white settlers within the limits of the present town of Manchester. They located in 1722 and erected habitations on Cohas Brook. The excellent fisheries at this point Boon attracted the attention of other enterprising pioneers, and not many years elapsed ere the locality witnessed a large (for that early day) influx of settler.-, anxious to rear their homes at the " fishing at Ammosceeg." Among these were John McNeil, Archibald Stark. Benjamin Hadley, Benjamin Stevens, Nathaniel .Martin, Eph- raim Hildreth. Charles Emerson, William l'erham, Benjamin Kidder, Benjamin Blodgett, John Ridell, Alexander McMurphy, Jr., John Hall, Thomas Hall, Michael McClintock, David Dickey, William Gam- ble, Robert Anderson, Barber Leslie, William Nutt. Of these early settlers nearly all were active, en- terprising men, while some were possessed of marked ability, and subsequently became thoroughly identi- fied with the public enterprises of their day in this section of the Merrimack Valley. Many of these early settlers were from Londonderry, and were of Scotch-Irish extraction. JOHN GoFFEwas an influential man in the new- settlement, and had a son John, who became a distin- guished officer in the French and Indian War. BENJAMIN Kidder doubtless came here about 40 b 1722 with his father-in-law, John Gotfe, as he was a grantee of Londonderry in that year. He probably was originally of Billerica. He entered in the com- pany under the famous Captain Lovewell, in the ex- pedition against Pequauquauke, and while on the march, and in the neighborhood of Ossipee Lake, was taken sick. It is probable that he did not long sur- vive the hardships and exposures of this expedition. His sou, John Kidder, was named as a legatee in the will of hi- grandfather, John Gotfe. Esq., made in 1748. Edward Lingfield. — Of Edward Lingfield very little is known. He married a daughter of John Gotfe. Esq., and settled here about 1722. He was a corporal in Lovewell's expedition, was one of the thirty-four men who marched from Ossipee Lake to Pequauquauke, and took part in that famous battle, where he (ought with great bravery. He was One of the nine men in that battle "who received ii" consid- erable wounds." Alter his return from that expedi- tion he received an ensign's commission as a reward of his heroic conduct in the battle of Pequauquauke. Archibald Stark was born at Glasgow, in Scotland, in 1693 Soon after graduating at the university he moved t.. Londonderry, in the north of Ireland, be- coming what was usually denoted a " Scotch-Irish- nian." There he was married to a poor, but beautiful Scotch girl, by the name of Eleanor Nichols, and emi- grated to America. He at lirst settled in Londonderry, where he remained umil some time in 17.%, when, hav- ing his house burned, he removed to that porti if laud upon the Merrimack then known as Harrytown, upon a lot that had been granted to Samuel Thaxter by the government ot' Massachusetts, and which was situated upon the hill upon the east bank of the Merrimack, a short distance above the falls of Na- maoskeag. Here he resided until his death. An educated man, Stark must have had a strong desire that his children should enjoy the advantages of an education; but in a wilderness surrounded by sav- ages, and upon a soil not the most inviting, the suste- nance and protection of his family demanded his attention rather more than their education. His children, however, were instructed at the fireside in MANCHESTER. II the rudiments of an English education, and such principles were instilled into them as, accompanied with energy, courage and decision of character, made them fit actors in the stirring events of that period. His education fitted him rather lor the walks of civil life; but yet we find him a volunteer for the protection of the frontier against the ravages of the Indians in 1745 ; and for the protection of tin people in this immediate neighborhood, a fort was built at the outlet of Swager's or Fort Pond, which, out of compliment to Mr. Stark's enterprise in building and garrisoning the same, was called Stark's Fort. Mr. Stark had seven children, — four sons ami three daughters. His four sons — William, John, Archi- bald and Samuel — were noted soldiers in the Indian ami French wars, and the three oldest had distin- guished themselves as officers in the notable corps of Rangers prior to their father's death. The second -on, John, became the famous partisan officer in the Revolution, and as a brigadiei won unfading laurels at the battle of Bennington. Mr. Stark died the 25th day of June, 1758, aged sixty-one years. John Hall came to this country probably after 1730. He tarried some time in Londonderry, and then moved upon a lot of land near the west line of Chester, and in that part of the town afterwards set off to form the town of Derryfield. He was an en- ergetic business man, and for a series of years trans- acted much of the public business of this neighbor- hood and town. He kept a public-house until his death. The original frame house built by him, but added to according to business and fashion, until little of the original eould be recognized, was stand- ing until 1852, when it was destroyed by lire. It bad always been kept as a public-house, and generally by some one of the name. Mr. Hall was the agent of tic inhabitants for obtaining the charter of Derryfield in 1751, and was the first town clerk under that charter. He was elected to that office fifteen years, ami in one and the same year was moderator, first selectman ami town clerk. William Gamble am. Michael McClintock:. — William (iambic came to this country in 17^l'. aged fourteen years. He and two elder brothers, Archi- bald and Thomas, and a sister, Mary, started to- gether for America, but the elder brothers were pressed into the British service upon the point of sailing, leaving the boy William and hi- sister to make the voyage alone. William was saved from the press-gang alone by the ready exercise of " woman's wit." The ( rambles had started under the protection of Mr. and Mrs. Michael McClintock, who resided in the same neighborhood, and were about to emigrate to New England. Upon witnessing the seizure of the elder brothers, Mrs. McClintock called to William Gamble, "Come here, Billy, quickly," and upon Billy approaching her, she continued, " Snuggle down here, Billy," and she hid him under the folds of her capacious dress! There he re- mained safely until the gang had searched the house. for the boy in vain, and retired in high dudgeon at their ill success. I'pon coming to this country the McClintocks came to Londonderry. They were industrious, thriv- ing people, and Michael and William, his .on, built the first bridge across the ('oboes, and also another across the Little ('oboes, on the mail from Ainos- keag to Derry. These bridges were built in 1738, and were probably near where bridges are now main- tained across the same streams on the "obi road to Derry." Tin- McClintocks were voted twenty shil- lings a year for ten years for the use of these bi idges, William Gamble, upon his arrival in Boston, went to work on the ferry from Charleston to I'.oston. Here he remained two years. During the Indian War of 1715 he joined several "scouts," and upon the com- mencement of the "Old French War," in 1755, hav- ing lost his wife, he enlisted in the regular service, and was in most of the war, being under Wolfe on the " Plains of Abraham." John McNEiLcame to Londonderry with the firs! emigrants in 171!). The McNeils of Scotland and in the north of Ireland were men of known reputation for bravery, and Daniel McNeil was one of the Council of the city of Londonderry, and has the honor, with twenty-one others of that body, of withstanding the duplicity and treachery of Lundy, the traitorous Governor, and affixing their signatures to a resolu- tion to standby each other in defense of the city, which resolution, placarded upon the market-house ami read at the head of the battalions in the garrison, led to the successful defense of tin' city. John McNeil was a lineal descendant of this councilor. Becoming involved in a quarrel with a person of distinct ion in his neighborhood, who at- tacked him in the highway, McNeil knocked him from his horse, and left him to be cared for by his re- tainers. This encounter, though perfectly justifi- able on the part of Mr. McNeil, as his antagonist was the attacking party, made his tarry in Ireland unpleasant, if no! unsafe, and he emigrated to America, and settled in Londonderry. Here he es- tablished a reputation not only as a man of courage !'iii one of great strength, and neither white or red man upon the borders dared to risk a hand-to-hand encounter with him. Measuring six feet and a half in height, with a corresponding frame, and stern, un- bending will, he was a fit outpost, as it were, of civilization, ami main are the traditions of his per- sonal encounters during a long ami eventful border life. His wife. Christian, was well mated with him of strong frame and great energy and courage. It is related that upon one occasion a stranger came to the door and inquired for McNeil. Christiana told him that her " gude mon " \\a- not at home. I'pon which the stranger expressed much regret. ( "hii-tiana inquired as to the business uj which he came, 42 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. and the stranger told her he had heard a great deal of the strength of McNeil and his skill in wrestling, and he had come some considerable distance to throw kirn. "And troth, mon," said Christiana McNeil, "Johnny is gone, but I'm notthe woman to Bee ye disappointed, an' 1 think it ye '11 try mon, I'll throw j e meself." The stranger, not liking to be thus ban- tered by a woman, accepted the challenge, and, sure enough, Christian tripped his heels and threw him upon the ground. The stranger, upon getting up, thought he would not wait for "Johnny," hut hit without deigning to leave his name. The Fisheries at Amoskeag.— At the time the white settlers located along the Merrimack the fish- eries at Amoskeag Falls had became famous through theadjacent country. Here salmon, shad, thealewite and lamprey eel ' were found in great abundance. In a journal kept by Hon. Matthew Patten, of Bed- ford, is the following entry : great importance ,],, -tisljin- at Ami,,,,* ,-..g ' „.,. nnsidered l.v the ndonderryjand it was natural thai , „,i ,,.. .„„„„. "us in maintaining their claim tu the lands adjacent. \cc. find their claim to the lands and the subject of the fish, , , with them matters acted upon in their town-meetings at an earlj date U "" h " nw 1 1' 1 " uad move ,on these landsprobablj forthe l""l'"- '' !'■■ Idi,„ I i'l , ..,,-hiwtt., -hi claiming P. a In,., three mil.-, east el the Merrimack l.v her charter. This was a Berii us mattei for the people of Londonderry, and in the warrant for a town ,,„,',,,,.. heann, date .laimar.v .«. IToiKSl, there was the following arti. I. '"llthly. To see whether they will allow a Lawyer to be consulted abonl those persons thai are settlingai imm ,.' And at the meet- ing this arte 1. was thus disposed of,— " ' llthly. Voted that they are willing to leave the consulting of a law- omosi eeg to the eelei t- yer about the settlement that "1759, June 8-9.— Fished al Namoskeag Falls andgol 120 shad and 1 gave Koherl McMurphy 1" of them, and I get I shad and 1 small sallilui for my part from the setting-place. Wm. Peters fished halves." his '• History of Manche Says Judge Potter, ter"— "The Ashing at Amoskeag was of the greatest importance to the peo- ple. Tradition has it that the Rev ii, M. . .,.,..,,. , A ,,. ,},,. ,;, , t ,„.,.,.,, of the Londonderry settlement to visit the Falls, led thithe, l.y enriositv, and prompted by information obtained at Andover as to their grandeur and the abundance oi Bah to be found near them at certain seasons ol theyear. From this fact originated the custom of pi Oregore and his successors the first fruits of the fishing season. The first fish caught tvj any man of Londonderry, salmon, shad, alswifeor eel, was reserved as a gift to ' the minister.' " u ' ■ ll!l " "29a road was laid out and built from N'inian Cochran's bouse tin Londonderry), ' then keeping by or near the old path to Am- niosceeg Kails.' And another i.<„i «... laid out at the same time inter- secting the 'Ammosceeg road,' lor the aci imodation of other sections ol the town. This undertaking of building a road some ten miles through the wilderness. i„ the infancy of that colonj showsofhovi "our lathers treasured the slimy prize : They loved the eel as their very eyes And of one 'tis said, with a shmder rife, For a string of e< 1- he - .1 ' From the eels they formed their food in . In. i. And eels were .tilled ' Lierr,,jiel.l , llld the marks of eels wele so pi;,,,, ,,, ,,,,, ,.. That the children looked like eels in the |.„ „ : Vnd before they walked, it is well confirmed, That the children i i crept, but tquu mei i.|uirmers wield And their only wish, and their only prayei for thepr nt world and the world Was a »,,-.„.. . ,„,„ ... .... /,,!.,„ h,, Willi mi SI.,,/,, ,, ,.: „/ u„ , IS appointed fol the defence of the propriety "Itisnotkaown what action was take, I., tie -, I. . „,,. n and eoinm'tttee upon the matter; hut,, is to be inferred, as the record the subject, thai no legal action was taken at that time. Th ^'"■"I'.i-etl .tinned I ,„,, the land- in tin- ,,, ,^1,1.,.,1 1,,,,,. '""■'''' '""' " bprobahl. that -..me of them had a com iso ,.,- ''"" ll,,ln f""" time under the authority of then •.., ,,„„„,„ | ,„,, , such circumstances it is probable that after 'consulting a lawyei 'the people of Londonderry concluded to take quiet possession of the land and "'"' ""' resu " "<"•■■ liearine about to he had in Knuland ..- In the .i..nn-.,t Massachusetts. That the people of Londonderry control of the business here is shown by the r. ,1- ,,t the following yen, "herein is found the warrant, one article of which ■ 4tl.lv. To s.-e whether they will heat the expense of two ca - to lie kept at Aiuinosce.-e for the safety of the people at the fishing.' " On the day of the meeting, April 22, 1731, the followin "•iihly. That in order to the safety of town'speople at the fishing at Aniinosceeg the selectmen i- empowered to all., wand pay out of the publi. change oi rates of the town three pounds in Bills ol credit tosuch person Ol persons as shall be obliged to make tw-.. j 1 -,ui the selectmen ..bl^ii,, ti„. ,u.., e-aid' undertakers to serve u,.. Inhabi- tant! "f the town the whole time fishing before any out tow a - people and shall not exceed one shill pr hundred for all the fish that the, sh,.li '"'" ov, . from the tslands and the ownei of the fish and his attendants .s to be ferried bai kwards and forwards at free cost." The whites took the fish with spears, scoop-nets and seines, and in large quantities; so that people coming from the surrounding country with their wagons and carts could get them filled sometimes for the carting the shad away, to make room for the sal- "• : "" 1 always for a mere trilling price. Immense quantities of shad were taken at one haul or drag of the seine. The New Hampshire Gazette of May 23, 17(30, has the following item under its editorial head : "on,- day last »e,-k, was li-awn by a net at one Draught, Two Thou- sand Five hundred odd Shad Fish, out of the River Merrimack near Bed- ford, in this Province. Thought remarkable by some people." Among the names given to the various fishing-]. lacs were the following: Eel Falls, Fire Mill, Todd Gut, Buss Ray's Hooking-Place, South Cut. Thompson Place, Watching Falls, Little Pulpit, Mudget Place, Slash Hole, Point Rock, Black Rock, Swine's Baek| Snapping-Place, Pulpit, Racket's Stand. Sullivan's Point, Crack in the Rock, Bat Place, Dalton Place, Puppy Trap, Pot Place, Patten Rock. Setting Place,' Maple Slump, fl,,. Colt, Salmon Rock, Eel Trap! Salmon Cut, Mast Rock. MANCHESTER. CHAPTER II. M LNCHESTER. {Continued.) The French and Indian War— A Fort Built— Names of Soldiers from Derryfield— Captain <;..tt. and I -tli.-l^ — Henytiel.l Men ati'l-avn Point als.> at Fort William Henry— War of the Revolution— First Action of the Town— Derryfield Men at Lexington— Names of It. \ nlntionai \ Soldiers— Major-General John Stark— Sketch of His Life— Burial- Place. DrRiNG the French and Indian War. which began in 174(5, the settlers of Amoskeag took an acl ive pari and a fort iva< erected a) ilic outlet of what is now Xutt's Pond. There wen: soldiers from this town also in the French war in 1755, this locality sending three companies. These were commanded by Captains Goffe and Moor, of Derryfield, and the oilier by Cap- tain Rogers, of what is now Dunbarton. The roll of Captain Gone was as follows : John Goffe, captain; Samuel M ■.lieutenant; Nathaniel M.utain, ensign; Jonathan Corlis, sergeant ; .1 ui Hastings, Bergeant j John Goffe, Jr., sergeant ; Thomas Merrill, clerk; Samuel Uartain, corpora] John Moor, corporal ; Joshua M.irt.iin. ...ipnal; It- ■■■ .nnn Eastman, corporal; Benjaniiu Kidder, do i; J..-.ph t. ' ■ I; !■'! Benjamin Hadley, Thomas George, [srael I ..J - ih I: ■ II, W liam Kelley, Joseph Merrill, Panel < n I -. I '■ Da llM tain, Jacoh Silliway, Stephen George, David Nott, l: bert Nutt, oIm.1i.-iIi Hawes, David Willson, William Ford, laron ibj Na n ■ Tle-ni.i- M I.aughlin, John Litt.ll, Wdli.ui \1 I 1 ... R I- ' H I ■ John Wortly, Benjamin Vickery, William Barron, Nathaniel Smith, William Walker, David Welch, Caleb Daulton, .la Petters, Aaron Copps, Jacob Jewell. Ehenezer Martain, John Hurw 1, Ainu/inh Ilil- dreth, John Kidder, John Rowell and Thomas Woilly. Captain Moor's roll was as follows : John Moor, captain ; Antony Eniary, lieurenant ; Alexander Todd, ensign: Matthew Read, sergeant; Thomas Bead. Bergeant; James Moor, sergeant ; William Spo.U, -. l jo.ia! l:.'e],:. 1 ^t.o 1, IM 1 ViUl- nel McDuffy, corporal; John Rickey, corporal ; John Spe&i or] ral Robert I tthran, Theophalas Harvey, Barber Lealy, William Campble, James Onail, Robert Tawddle, John McCordy, Thomas Gregg, Joshua Rowlings, Tli ana- II ntcli i ngs, Rol.olt Edwards, Edward rains, \l.\an- derMcCIary, Robert Smith, David Vance, Robert Kennade, Robert M. - Keen, James Bean, John Cunningham, Samuel Boyde, John Crage, James ' mghterson, Michael Johnson, John I - gan, Robert Morre], John McNight, John Welch, Ja I .. I I hn Mitchel, Daniel Toword, Ess Stevens, Hoi. Ci I Karj Samuel Miller, Edward Bean, Wil- liam Kenniston, .lames I'.al.v. Nathalie I M. K u v. The following, mostly from this neighborhood, were at the battle of Lake George, and were subsequently known as the " Rangers : " Robert Rogers, captain; Richard Rogers, lieutenant ; Noah Johnson, ensign ; James Archibald, sergeant ; John McCurdy, Bergeant ; Janes McNeal, corporal ; Nathaniel Johnson, eorpornl ; John Michel, Isaac Colton, James Henry. James Clark, Fimothj Hodad&ee, John Wadleigh, Stephen Young, Joshua Titwood. .1 .m. vie.' I a, .than Silaway, John Brown, Elisha Bennett, Rowling Foal I lames Mo] gan, James Welch, Matthew Christopher, James Simonds, I baxiesDnd- ley, John Kiser, John Hartman, John Frost, James Mars, Samuel Letch, David Nutt, William McKeen, Nathaniel Smith, Philip Wills, William Cunningham, William Aker, John Leiton, William Wheeler, Sil i Toby, Benjamin s.|iiniit..n, I'il.h Simpson, 1'iller Mahanton. A regiment of New Hampshire men was raised for the expedition to Crown Point in 1756, of which John Goffe was ma or. The company from this locality was as follows : Nathaniel Mar ton. lieutenant ; Thomas Meri'el, scrotal lieutenant ; John Goffe, Jr., ensign ; Samuel Martain, sergeant ; Joseph Eastman, ser- geant; Ebenezer Martain. sergeant; Thomas McLaughli John Wortly, corporal ; John Straw, corporal ; Jacob Jewell, cor] I : Josiah Canfield, corporal ; Benjamin Kidder, drummer; Joseph Ordway, Joseph Oeo]o,., IVnniinih Hn.llv, Thomas lie. age, William Koneston, I'anl l'ouler, plainer II. ell. v. John r.,«l. ,. !•.■■, n M ...... Joel Maniiucl, The following company of Derryfield men were at the siege of Fort William Henry: Richard Emaiy, captain: Nathaniel M.utain. tii-t lieillenanl ; Pal- lata Russell, se. 1 lieutenant; John M i, ensign ; Darby Kelley, -•■i i - ph Peara :.-. sergeant; Benjamin Kidder, Sr., sergeant ; John Lull. .-■■■'. : i ■■ .. ■ - l erl Mur :■■■ k. corporal : Mi. ...i.h \\ win. . .a pot., I . .l..|,n lint, h- u-oii. ■ Berry, drummei ; Josiah Bean, Jonathan Prescutt, Benjamin Roberts, I. ho M I..sepli \\ he hei w.e.l. Jam. - I'linhip. I..i\. ,.i.l l: .,:. \\ . . liatn I'.at. holder. Edward I 'J it. hel, J,.-eph II illayord, Eleue/.i Uut.l.eii- bou, Samuel Hardie, Henry Hutchenson, Joseph Ekerson, J ithan Me|. hel Clough, fill, Jol. John Merrill, .lame- Patt. i-,.u, B.nja {■■'.:, I .1 u.e - 1'it. I., I id Blanch. ltd, Timothy Bui on. William Butter- . i V Calley, Si u I Gibson, Thomas I. >. i -■ I i Sim a M. ..,...,,,, p...,- Bnasell, Samuel Chase, John Davis, Benjamin Davia,;William Hutchenson, David Parker, Henry Parker, William Sil- !..,-, I ' \. ■ : i I' Alleni. William l>loile,ht, I.a/ - !:■■"■■, Haiii.1 loihnj, M. pi Inian. Iu-tiam l.iiiiml.y, John Sandhurne, Gideon ^ J. Si I Voiing, Stephen Webster, S..I..111..11 Prescntt, in... . p., i . e . Nero, John Corlis, David Nutt, Ebenezer Coar- stoti, .M I h,i- . John Slell, .In, ..I. Pa id u ham. Pal lick < hull The first vote of the town in relation to the War 01 the Revolution was under date of January 2,1775, when it was voted to call a meeting on the 16th of tin- same month, — "21y. To see it the town will .hose a man or men as Deputies to go to Exeter the J'.tli Hay of January Instant, in Behalf of said town in or- der to meet with the I'cputiea tiom tin- Neiglihoring Towns in said Province." At this meeting it was "Voted on the second article, not to send a man to Exeter, but that the Selectmen send a Letter to said Exeter, and insert in said Letter that the said town will bear their Equal proportion of money that shall here- afterarise towards paying the cost of the. General Cor i other town in the Province." There were thirty-four men from Derryfield in the battle of Lexington, and there were but thirty-six men in the entire town capable of bearing arms. The names of the- soldiers have not been procured, but the subjoined tax-list of Derryfield lor 1 7 7 "> Bhows that a large majority of the tax-payers were of the volunteers : .t. q. "f'onl. John Goffe 19 I John Rand, Esnr 13 8 Maj. John Moot's 3 13 5 2 Ensin. Samuel Moors II 111 11 2 Capt. Nathaniel Merton " :'. 6 William Nutt 9 9 2 Timothy Mertion 3 n John Griffen 10 . r . 5 John Griffen, Junr :: Benjamin Baker. S 2 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Benjamin Baker, Junr :'. " Johanathan Merrell 5 2 Jesse Baker '■> Joseph Gorge 10 2 Abrham Merrell 16 9 2 Abrham Merrill, .Iiinr II 2 David Merrell :) 8 Joseph Grilfen I Ezekiel Stavens 11 s 2 Joseph farmer :l " Isaac farmer 3 Widow Sarah Unas II 4 11 Robert Clark 6 - John Reay 1 Conl. John Stark 15 David farmer h :: Levt. James mc (.'alley 7 6 Esin Samuel Stark " 6 10 2 Robert mc Night 3 u David mc Night » ■". Darnel Blodget, Litchfield 1 » Joshua Blodget, Litchfield « 4 I 2 Capt. William Parham 10 John Parham 10 Ebenezer Coster r, C Charts Eamerson 10 ."• Charts Eamerson, Junr 3 6 Gorge Eamerson u 1 6 John Harvey 19 2 2 William Parham, Junr 10 Micheal mc Clintock I I 2 James Pairces s 11 o Capt. Alexander mc Murphey 12 4 Benjmen Crombie ... 7 :. n Moses Crombie '■> 6 F-iu. Samuel Iinyd 8 3 2 Esin. Natheniel Boyd 6 3 Widow Margaret Boyd 5 1 2 John Dickey 8 2 William Gemble 11 2 2 Robert Cuningham 1 2 David Starret ii 11 4 John Hall 7 3 2 Daniel Hall 8 2 Sergl Ebnezer Stivns 9 7 2 Hugh thompson 3 10 " Benjmen I'ilsl.nry 3 6 thomas Numan ... 3 1 .1,,-rj Masten, K:l!,.i-I.iivii (I 8 JamesLagon, Londonderry 8 Rob] i mc < llouer, Lond let ry 4 Alexander Irving n :; 6 ' easer Written. 1 ■■ Joseph Georci , ' . , " SlJII EL Si IKK, | " l;., Misled this j itb day u! Ii.-ieinlier, 177.~>. "John Ball, Ifi Stark was at work in his saw-mill, tit the head of tlif Amoskeag Falls, when he heard this news, ami without a moment's delay he shut down the gate of his mill, repaired to his house, took his gun ami am- munition, mounted his horse in his shirt-sleeves, as he came from the mill and rode on to unit the enemy. As he journeyed on he left word for volunteers to meet him at Medford, and without delay made the best of his way to Lexington. On his entire route his force continually increased, so that on (he following morning, when In- arrived tit Lexington, he had tit his command a large force of "backw Ismen." 'fin town Committee of Safety, in t77->, consisted of John Harve, Lieutenant James McCalley, Samuel Boyd, Ensign Samuel Moors and John Hall. "Colony of New Hampshire, etc. — Cohuittee of Safety. " To the Selectmen of DerryfieM : In order to carry the underwritten re- solve of the Honorable Continental Congress into execution, you are re- quested to desire all Males, above twenty-one years of age (lunatics, idiots :i|i I : i - ■ ■ ■ l - ■ ■ 1 ;- - I. I ii Mi. .1. , :n. H -I Iln- |U|-'i , uti'i Mlii-U so done, to make return thereof, together w ith tin' name or names of all who shall refuse t.i sign tin- same, to tin- Genera] assembly or Committee of Safety of this Colony. '■ M WeAHE, ' liairman. •■ l\ I mm. Kiss, M„,;-h 1 t. 177'C /.Vs../iv'?, That it tic rec.-imnicndcd t" I In- several Assemblies, Conven- tions and Councils- or Committees of Safety of tin- United States imme- diately tn ran si- all persons to be disarmed, within their l.-sp. . I i \ .- c,,l... nics, who arc notoriously disaflecteil to tin- cause of America, or who have not associated and refuse to associate In defend by Arms the United Colonies against the hostile alti-lnpls of the Ihitish Fleets and Armies. i ,;i, i from the minutes, ■■ I'll 1 n l l - I'll, Ml'- .V s. ,.,, | ,, ;/ "In consequence of the ahove Resolution of the < kmtinental Congress, ale! I- -hoc mil determination in joining our American brethren in de- fending the lives, lili.-rticsand properties of the inhabitants v( the United i mImiii,-, U , , tin- Subscribers, do heri-iiy solelulity engag-- anil |,i,,iin-o .that we will, to the utmost of out power, at tin- risk of our liv. s ami for tunes, with arms, oppose the hostile prm lings of the Urilish Fleets and Armies a-amsl (1,.. United \inericali Colonies." This was signed by the following persons, and duly returned by the selectmen : ' John Hall. T! :.s Newman. David Merrill. William McClintock. John Goffe. ioJiMil Cunningham. s.it i Boyd, Michael McClintock. David Starret. John Perbam. Benja. Baker. William I'.i Ii.iiii Simon Lull. Ebenezer Stevens. Daniel Hall. John Dickey. John Kami. Al. xr. McMurphy, Charles Emerson. Benjamin < Irombie Will..,.,, \,;h John Harvey. George Greaham. William Gambell. Abraham Merrill Jonathan Merrill. Moses Merrill. John Russ. i .Merrill. John Ray. Nathaniel Boyd. Robert ci. ok Joseph I leorge James Gorman. John Grifen Moses Crombey. John Moor. "Colony of New Hampshire, June 1st, Hay, 177c. To the Hon. Mr. Weare, Chearman, this is to certify that we the subscribers has Presented tin- Within Declaration to the Inhabitants nt snid Town and they Have nit. si a, ,1 s n,i Declaration, which we in our Judgment thought had a right to Sign tin- Same. " Certified by us. .lunel, 177l>, the following persons were in the army from Derryfield : Colonel John Stark, Captain .1, lin \l , Captain James McCalley, Captain Alex- ander McMurphy, Captain Nathaniel Martin, Ben- jamin Baker, Nathaniel Baker, Ebenezer Costor, Timothy 1 lew, Samuel Harvey. — more than one fourth of the inhabitants of the town " tit to Bare arms." MANCHESTER. 15 In 1777 a bounty of eight dollars was voted to each man who should enlist for a term of three years The tax-list was as follows : ^ " Michael McClintock 1 - "' Barber Lessly l " 8 William Parham Junior * « ° John Hervey 4 9 T Charles Emerson - ,T ' Capt. William Pal-ham - ls '' Levt. John Parham Ebenezei Coster l 15 z ,, n| lmin pnsburey ° M '"' *•. ':' B l Brtvd" ''.''.' 2 3 7 Juim Dickey ° - William Gambell 3 14 2 Th us Newman ' 2 " Timotliy Dow " ,: ' 8 James Gorman -' " 7 George Graham ° ls - Ceazer Griffen l 21 ' Alexander Ii wing 16 .1,,,, l ] on of Londonderry " 5 2 William McClintock 3 6 ,J Jol m. .in , 1 6 Nathaniel Mertain 18 2 ,| I nbie 1 » * Samuel Morrson 1 " '" William Page of Londonderry " - s David Farmer 18 2 Hugh Thompson ' v - i; John Hughs 2 8 2 Joseph Sanders 1 ■'■ 4 Nathaniel Merrill " l: ' * Daniel Blodget, Litchfield " " ln Conl. John Goffe 3 3 4 John Rand, Esqr ] ,; " 5Lij. John Moore 4 ' f ' Capt. Samuel Moor 4 7 2 James Mcnight 15 8 William Nutt - 13 4 Joseph Griffen "- u s Jol fen 2 4 Benjamin Baker 2 17 2 Joseph G ge - ] " Abraham Merrill :; ' ' ' Ensin Abraham Merrill 1 I 3 2 Ezekiel Stavens 3 12 - Joseph Fa r 3 10 S WidowandJohn Russ 1 W II John Raj ° '' '' Conl. John Stark ' ''' Capt. J - Mcalley l ! ' Ensin. Samuel Stark 2 'J Jonathan Merrill ' 7 ' .1 Bal er " w ' Nathaniel Baker "15 1 '['I,, ,, ill as Grifin 18 I Levi Ehen. zer Stavens 2 17 . John Griffen, Junr 1 - Levt. John Hall 3 17 Daniel Hall David Starlet 15 7 Continental army, or the family of any other soldier who should need assistance. And the people were equally liberal on other occa- sions when acting individually. Thus, this same j eai they subscribed most liberally in aid of volunteers, although they had already submitted to a double tax. When the retreat from Ticonderoga was first heard of iii this town. Captain Nathaniel Martin, Theophi- lus Griffin, Nathaniel Baker, John Nutt, Enoch Harvey and David Farmer immediately volunteered and marched to Number Four. A contribution was made among the inhabitants for Martin, Griffin and Baker, and €4 LOs. were raised. Shu, after, when it was seen that an encounter with the British was inevitable in that quarter, and Stark was in need of troops, another contribution was made "to hold on John Nutt, Enoch Harvey, Theophilus Griffin and David farmer," and £44 LOs. were raised, and they •' held on " and participated with their neighbors in the glorious battle of Bennington. The loll. .wing is a list of those subscribing : "The ano.uit hereafter Sat Down is money payd by Individual In- habitants oi the Town of Derryfleld to th. .Soldi. .re Raised at Suudrj times for (Hit in on this unilateral ware from the first of September, 1770, and upwards is as follows : " Ezekiel Stavins paid to Enoch harvey for going • .v David Stater paid to Na thaniel Bakei ,1" John Parhain paid to Tiiii'.thj 13 I' A few months after, the town voted Colonel John Goffe a committee to furnish Robert McNight's fam- ily with proper provisions during his absence in the : paid by the Sunilrey persons hereafter Named to Nathaniel mart. tin, Theophilus liritlin .V N.i- thaniel Baker as voluntera wen they went to Noumber foui about the retreal fi Tj ar. e followetb : William Gamble " 6 " \:""'it'",liJ\ '.'.'.'.'.'. " 3 t Abraham merrill Junior " I " Capt. Samuel moore " 2 William Parham Junior 5 It James mc Night .... 3 6 Levi John Hall 3 6 .lame- Pairce u 3 " Ahrham Merrill " r ' " Jonathan Merrill ° 3 " Ebenezr Stavens " Joseph Sanders " - u John Dickey ° John Hall Junior 2 6 Daniel Hall " - '■ Col. John Stark Capt. William Parham 6 William McClintock ' ' ' Col. John Goffe " ,; " „,,,! John harvey 1 8 'paid by Individuals to hold on John Enoch harvey, Theophilus Oiitlin a I'.o i. mer, wen they went with General stark i Battel at Benenton, are as followeth, (viz. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. James Mi S ight 1 2 Blajr. John Moore '- William Nutt -' John Griffin Benjamin Baker 1 Joseph George 'li ae Newman Abraham Merrell 2 Joseph Farmer o Kiimi Samuel stark Levt. John Hall 1 William Gamble 1 John Dickey Capt. Alexr. nic murphy 1 Knsn. Samuel Boyil 1 Michael McClintock " William mcClintock 1 (apt. Wm. Parhani -' Charles Emerson John Hervey 3 JuhnHugbs 1 James Pairce David Starret Zaccheus Richison Moses Merrill Capt. Samuel Moor Kusn. Abraham Merrill Ez.-ki.-l Stavins 2 Uaniel hall Levt. John Parhani 1 James Garman William Parhani, .lunr 1 .1. seph Sanders Jonathan Merrill Moses Crombie Nathaniel Merrill ti The following sketches of Revolutionary patriots are taken from Judge Potter's "History of Man- chester." Major-Genekal John Stark was the third j son of Archibald Stark, Esq., one of the early settlers ' of Derryfield. His father was a man of education, and imparted to his children such instruction, and such principles at the fireside as few others upon the frontier were able to confer upon their children. Dur- ing Stark's boyhood the remnants of the Penuaeook Indians were still in the Merrimack Valley, and made Amoskeag their annual rendezvous during the fishing season, and, in fact, in the earlier Indian wars, some of them were employed as soldiers by our govern- ment, and were enrolled with other soldiers. In this manner, young Stark, a hunter from position and necessity, became well acquainted with the habits of the Indians. This knowledge gave him a superiority over most of his brother soldiers in the war with the Indians and French that followed. However, this knowledge would have been to no great purpose had it not been united in him with other qualities pecu- liarly befitting a soldier of those times. He was re- markable for the vigor and activity of the physical man, and hence for his capability in sustaining fa- tigue. Adding to these, quick perception, indomit- able energy and remarkable decision of character, he- was the soldier for the times in which be lived, and, in fact, such qualities are the elements of success at any and all times. His success as an officer in the noted Rangers of the Seven Years' War gave him a popu- larity among the i pleat large, and the soldiers in particular, that placed him in the front rank as a suc- cessful soldier upon the breaking out of the Revolution. It was this popularity among the soldiers that gained his services to the country, for if his appointment or promotion had been left to the politicians of the day, it is doubtful, from the way in which he was treated by them, whether he could have succeeded to any com- mand. Once at the head of a regiment, and in ser- vice, the battle-field told the story of his bravery. His brilliant achievements at Bunker Hill, Trenton, Princeton and Bennington are well known. Early in 1778 he repaired to Albany and assumed the command of the Northern Department, and re- mained there until ordered to join General Gates at Providence. He passed the winter in New Hampshire, in urging forward recruits and supplies, but in the spring joined General Gates at Providence. In November, by General Washington's orders, he joined him in New Jersey, and after a short time was sent by Washington to New England to make requi- sition for men and provisions. In 1780 he was with Washington atMorristown, and took part in the battle of Springfield. Soon after, he was ordered to New England, col- lected a body of militia, and marched them to West Point. General Stark was one of the court martial who decided the fate of Major Andre, and reluctantly, though in obedience to his duty, and for his country's advantage, favored the sentence of death upon that brave but unfortunate officer. In 1781 he again took charge of the Northern De- partment. The country was overrun with robbers and Tories, and he had but a weak and inefficient force, but bis strict discipline and stern justice dealt out to spies and Tories soon brought things into better order. The capture of Lord Cornwallis brought the war to a close, but General Stark was ordered to New Hamp- shire for men and supplies. The most of 1782 he was afflicted with a rheumatic complaint, brought on by long exposure, and was not able to join his command. In 1783, however, he joined Washington, and soon after aided by his counsels in allaying those feelings of disquiet excited by the treacherous Newburg letters among the officers and soldiers of the army. Upon news of peace, Stark bore the happy intelligence to New Hampshire, and forthwith retired to his farm at Derryfield to enjoy that repose he so much needed. But his active mind could not be at rest, and he en- gaged in all of those plans for the advantage of the 3*SL~- J^^^A MANCHESTER town and State which were so necessary to be matured and carried out by clear heads and strong nerves. The unjust claim ofthe Masonian proprietors to the lands betwixl a straight and a curve line,betwi en the northeast and the northwest corner bounds of the Masonian grant was first successfully opposed by him, and to his exertions it was mainly owing that the Legislature took the matter in hand, and established the claim of the State to the lands in question, thus quieting hundreds of small farmers in the possession of their lands, and in the end adding largely to the funds ofthe State. He was ever found upon the side of his country, and when, in 1786, discontent had ripened into open rebellion, and the Legislature had been surrounded by armed malcontents, the veteran Stark stood ready for the occasion, and would have volunteered his ser- vices had not the insurrection been repressed by the judicious councils and determined action of the gal- lant Sullivan, who was at that time, most opportunely, at the head of our State government. He refused all civil office that would take him from his home, but in his native town he was ready to serve his townsmen in any capacity where he could be of advantage, and that did not trespass too much upon his valuable time. Thus living not for himself alone, but for his country, the veteran Stark passed into the wane of life, ever taking, as long as life lasted, a lively interest in even- incident in our country's history. At length, suffering from the effects of a paralytic shock, at the extreme age of ninety-three years, eight months and twenty- two days, the old hero departed this life on Wednes- day, the 8th day of May, 1822. The Friday following his death his remains were interred, with military honors, in a cemetery he had inclosed upon his own farm, a large concourse of people being in attendance to witness the imposing ceremony, and pay their last respects over the body ofthe man who had contributed so largely in filling " the measure of his country's glory." The cemetery is situated upon a commanding bluff upon the east bank of the Merrimack, and over his remains his family have placed a plain shaft of granite, indicative alike of his simplicity and hardi- hood, upon which is inscribed " Maj. -General Stark." This simple stone points to his ashes alone, but his deeds are traced in deep-lined characters upon the pages of our country's history, while his memory is engraven upon the hearts of his countrymen. Such a name needs no other monument. Major Johx Moore. — He had been an officer in tin preceding French war, in which he had won the reputation of a man of courage andenergy. After the conquest of Canada he quietly settled down upon his farm atCohoes Brook. I'pon the news of the battle of Lexington he led his neighbors of Amoskeag to the scene of action, and on the 24th of April was commis- sioned liv the Committee ..I' Safety of' Massachusetts asa captain in Stark's regiment. Thomas McLaughlin, of Bedford, was commissioned as his lieutenant at the same time. He forthwith enlisted a company of fifty- seven men, mainly of Derryfield, Bedford and Goffs- town. 1 lis roll was as follows : Jutui M <\ iMptuin . Thomas Mrl.au-lilin. liinteiiaiit . NatliHi.i. I Javin, Clialk> Kln-l-eii, '■.-. i_. I ,, . ... n. Iregg, BeDjamio George, Jaiues Gledder, Stark, John Turner, John Wyer, Hugh Campbell, Alexandei Hutchin- -..II, W illiam Mi Cilu.o. .I.un.-- \i ...i. Three of the men joined the company at a subse- quent date, viz.: Samuel Patten, of Bedford, June 17th ; James Gibson, probably of Londonderry and John McMurphy of Derryfield, July Kith. Samuel Patten enlisted on the 17th, and, with the fifty-seven others enlisted on the 24th of April, participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. In that battle none did better service than Captain John Moore and his company of Amoskeag, as related elsewhere. On the 18th of June, the day following the battle, Captain Moore was complimented with a major's commission, to take the place in Stark's regiment of Major McClary, wdio had been killed in the battle of the day preceding. Lieutenant McLaughlin was promoted to the captaincy thus made vacant, and Sergeant Nathaniel Boyd, of Derryfield, was made lieutenant in his place. Major Moore remained with the army but a few months, when the state of his health obliged him to retire to his farm. He con- tinued, however, his active participation in all matters on foot in the town, county and State, to forward the- patriot cause, until his removal from the Slate, in 1778. In that year he moved to Norridgewock, in Maine, where he ever maintained a most respect- able position in life. He died in January, 1809. Major John Goffe was a son ofthe noted Colo- nel John Goffe, of Derryfield. He resided in Bedford, just across the Merrimack from his father. In the Seven Years' War he was a lieutenant in Captain Martin's company, in Goffe's regiment. At the close of the French war he returned to Bedford and resumed his occupation as a farmer and miller. He received a captain's commission from Gov- ernor Wentworth in 1764, and 17(18 was pro- moted to a majority. At the commencement of hostilities he volunteered, went to Cambridge, en- listed in Captain Moore's company as a private, ami was in the battle of Bunker Hill. In tin summer after, he left the army and returned home, his business requiring his presence. Several of hi- sons si rved in the War ofthe Revolution, and two of them lost their HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. lives in that struggle — Stephen being lost at sea, and William killed in an engagement. But in civil lilt- Major Goffe was active in the patriot cause, and was successful in furnishing recruits for the army. When General Stark called for more troops to assist in con- quering Burgoyne, Major Go tie at mice volunteered his services as a private, and marched to the conflict, thus favoring the great cause by precept and exam- ple. Of a truth, the good that such men do lives after them. He died at Bedford, aged eighty-five years. Lieutenant John Orr was of Bedford, where, at the commencement of the Revolution, he was a suc- cessful farmer. He volunteered under Stark in his ex- pedition to Bennington, and was appointed a lieu- tenant in Captain McConnelFs company, in Colonel Stickney's regiment. This regiment was one of the two that were scut against the Tory breast-work on the right of the enemy's works, south of the Hoosac. Early in the light Lieutenant Orr was wounded in the knee by a musket-ball. Unable to stand, he lay upon the ground some time before any one came to his assistance. Sergeant Griffin then came to him, and with the assistance of another soldier carried him to a place of safety, forced to drag him upon his back through a corn and flax-field to shun the sharpshoot- ersofthe enemy. From want of skill the fracture was not properly reduced; but employing a private sur- geon he began to mend, but was unable to be removed until February. On the 4th of that month he started for home, riding upon a bed in a sleigh, and reached home in ten days, after much suffering. He was una- bletostep till the October following, with crutches even. In the end he recovered his health, and though ever lame, was able to resume the active duties of life, lie was much in public business, anil tilled the offices of selectman, Representative and Senator in the State Legislature with credit to himself in town and district. Lieutenant Orr died in Bedford in Jan- uary, 1823, aged sixty-five years. Si RGEANT EpHRAIM STEVENS was another true soldier of Derryfield. He never knew fear. Whether driving the Hessians from their quarters, or attacking them without regard to disparity of numbers, as at Trenton, lit was the same dauntless man. He was one who "snuffed the battle from afar," and was ready to engage in it. When relating his affair at Trenton, in beating up the quarters of the Hessians, he was wont to say that the bayoneted Hessians, as they lay upon the floor, was the prettiest sight he ever saw. He was of powerful make, and had the reputation of being the "strongest man in the army." In the camp at Valley Forge, when, by the recommendation of the officers, the soldiers engaged in all manner of athletic sports, Sergeant Stevens was wont to "beat the ring" wrestling and lifting. The trial of strength was in shouldering and carrying of "oak huts;'' he could shoulder and carry the biggest "oak but of any man in the army." Such a man was invaluable as a soldier. Want of education prevented his promotion. After the close of the war Sergeant Stevens returned io Derryfield and became a successful tanner, lie died in lK-l.j, aged eighty-seven years. Sergeant Theophilus Griffin.— He was an- other brave soldier of Derryfield. He was with Stark at the battle of Trenton, and was one of the men who a>-i>te.l Stevens in adventure with the Hessians, before related. The most of the day he went bare- footed through the snow, throwing off his worthless shoes s i after commencing the pursuit of the re- treating Hessians, and this without a murmur. No man fought better than Theophilus Griffin; but he must have a leader. He jould execute, not direct. When the news came of the retreat from Ticonderoga he was one of the tirst to volunteer his services to meet tin' enemy, and was with Stark at Bennington, where, in addition to lighting bravely, he assisted with the greatest hazard in carrying Lieutenant Orr from the tield when disabled by a severe wound. After the close of the war he settled down upon a small farm, but with indifferent success as a farmer. Habits fos- tered, if not contracted in the service unfitted him for steady employment. He preferred the exciting scenes of the camp to quiet labor, and, used to those, in the time of peace he sought excitement where it could be found, and, as was often the case with other soldiers, passed the last years of his life with little advantage to himself or society. He, however, fought nobly for his country, and his name deserves a place among the patriots of Derryfield. He died at Derryfield at an advanced age. SAMUEL RemiCK. — He was an apprentice in Bed- lord at the time of Burgoyne's approach from the north. He volunteered under Stark and was at the battle of Bennington. He stood by Lieutenant Orr, saw him fall and carried from the held. As he emerged from the corn-field he took a position behind an oak and commenced tiring upon the enemy. He fired some eight or ten times, when, as he was loading his gun, an unlucky bullet from the enemy's works brought him to the ground. In this position he loaded and tired several times upon the enemy. Al length, giving his gun to a man, the lock of whose gun had been broken by a ball, he dragged himselfto a fence near by, where he was taken upon a blanket and carried to the surgeon's quarters, an open tield on the banks of the Hoosac. He soon recovered, and lived to a good old age, receiving the bounties of his country for his sufferings in the cause of liberty. The following were also in the war from this town : Ephraim Stevens, David Merrill, James Thompson, Benjamin George, Isaac George, Ichabod Martin and Robert McNight. MANCHESTKIl. CHAPTER III. MANCHESTER— (Continued). i [VI] HISTORY. The Charter of Derryfield— Original Bounds— The First Town Meeting Officers Elected— Portion of Harrytown Annexed in 1795— Town Named Manchester in 1810 List oi Sele n, Moderators and Town clerk The Town-Meeting of 1840— Much Excitement Prevails— 'Ihn t % ' ,i,--.',.-< h -in to Keep Order— The Waning Power of the Town— Strength of the " New Village' First Town-Meeting in th "New Village '—Town 11. ,u- lac-ted— Incorporation of the City Firsl City Eli tioi Ii ersChos I ire! City .inn, .jit — I.i-t ..t May-i, in. I I'l.-ik- ti-.m iligaiii/uliou t.. lss.",. The town of Manchester, embracing portions of the towns of Londonderry and Chester, and a tract ol land lying on the Merrimack River, belonging to the Masonian proprietors, called " Harrytown," was char- tered September 3, L751, under the name of " Derry- fleld. " This name issaidtohave been derived from the fact that the people of Londonderry had been ac- customed to pasture their cattle within its limits. The charter was as follows: "Province of New Hampshire. "[LS.] "George the second bj the gra I God, ofGreat Britain, France and Ireland King, Defender uf the Faith, ic, and to all whom these presents " WTtereas, our loyal sub]o t-, inhabitants of a tract '4' laud within our pro\iuccof Now Ibtiiipshucf said, lying partly within that part of our province of New Hampshire called Londonderry in part, and in part in Chester, and in part ,1 land not heretofore granted t<- any town within our province aforesaid, have humbly petitioned ou-i requested to us that they may he erected and incorporated intoa township, and infran, Used with the same powers and privileges whichother towns within our said prov- ince by law have and enjoy ; and it appearing to n- t,> i general good of our said pioviii, e, as Well as of s;iid inhabitants in partic- ular, by maintaining good order, and em ouraging the cultivation of the laud, that the same should be done ; Know Jfe, therefore, that we, of our especial grace, certain knowledge and for the encouragement and pro- moting the good purposesand .aids aforesaid. by and with the advice ol unr trusty and well-beloved Bennington \\ .-tit \\..i tli. i:-q , our governor and Commander in Chief, and of our Council ol oul Province of New Hampshire aforesaid, have erected and ordained, and by these presents, for ourselves and successors, do will and ordain, that Hie iiihahitantsof a (the) tract of land aforesaid, shall inhabit and improve thei butted and hounded a- toll. «., v iz. : Beginning at a pitch pin,, tree standing upon th-- town line, between Chester and Londonderry, marked one hundred and thirty-four, being the hounds of t the sixty-acre lots in said Che-t.. i. I»< in_ t)i,- Sooth We.-t . ..incr of -aid lot : thru. ,.- 1 u li- ning south into the township of Londonderry one hundred and sivtv rods to a stake and stones ; thence running lost to Londonderry North and South line ; thence in lining South upon I, on, loud, try line to the Head line of Litchfield to a stake and stones ; thence running upon the head line of Litchfield to the Bank of the Merrimack river ; then,:,; running up said river, as th,- river runs, eight miles to a stake and ti upon the bank ,.f said n\,i ; th.nce 1 uniiing East South East one mile ,tnd tin |icot. r-. through land not -rant, ,1 to any town, until it ■- to Chester line ; thence running two miles and a half and fifty-two rods on the same curse int., th,- township of Chester, to a stake and stones ; thence running south four miles and a half to the bounds tirst mentioned. all which lands within said bounds which lies within the townships of Londonderry and Chester aforesaid, are not to he liable to pay any taxes or rates, but as they shall be settled, and by these presents are declared and ordained to be a town corporated, and are hereby erected and incor- porated into a body politick, and a corporation to have continuance for- ever by the name of Derryfield, with all the powers, authorities, privi- leges, immunities and infran, his, s to them the -aid inhabitants and their successors f,,rev,r. always reserving t,, us, our heirs, and successors, all white pine trees growing and being, or that -hall hereafter grow and be 4 on the -said tract of land, til for tl Se of our I; ,yal S also the power of dii iding said town a. us, out hi it shad appear necessary and , . .n\ , men! tor the benefit of the inhabitants tl,,. f, and as the several towns w,t hino in said province ol New Hamp- shire, are by law thereof entitled and authorized t, , assemble, and by the majority of votes to ill, .„>, all said efiieelsas ale mentioned ill the ...M. ... " \\ e ,1,, by tie si presents nominal, and ippoinl John MiMiuphy a, ,.,n the in-' "I,., no- "I lie inhabitants to be bold within the mil! town if tl„ rtb, Esq., our Governor and be third day of September, in the year of "Province oi New Hampshire. i nd recorded in the Book ol Charter, this third day of Sep- tembei L756, pages79 a mi. 'I'm JltE This charter covered about eighteen square miles of the southwest part of Chester, about nine square miles nt' i he northwest part (if Londonderry, including The Peak, ami the strip of land between Londonderry, id, -i, i and the Merrimack River, called Harrytown, containing about eight square miles. This charterdid not embrace the wholeof what was known as Harrytown, a nook at the north part, be- twixt Chester and the Merrimack being left ungranted. This contained about two square miles, was called Harrysborough, and was added to Derryfield in 1792. The act of incorporation empowered John McMur- phy to call the first town-meeting, which was held at the house of John Hall, inn-holder, September it, 17"' I, as follows : "Province of New Hampshire. "At a meeting of the proprietors, freeholders mid inhabitants of Derryfield, assembled at the house of John Hall, in said town. At this first in,, ting upon Monday, the twenty-third day oi September, inne Dom'o, 1751, by His Excellency's d ition in the , .hait.-i f.u ~aid t,,wu- ship, dab d September the third. 1751, according to the direction in said chatter, by Ills excellency's command, 1, the subscriber issued a nolihcu- ti .11 l,.r, hoi I town oth. -.■]- ill the :, lb. I. said day. and II,,' atloiesael house, and th,. people being assembled, " Pbted, John Goffe, first Selectman William Perham, Ditto Selectman. Nathaniel Boyd, Daniel McNeil, Elieza Wells, "3dly, for town clerk, John Hall. •■ llbly, I ..in nil — i. .ri.-l-- lor assrssm, „t, to examine tie - cunt, William MeClinto, k, William Stark. "."tidy, for constable, Robert \nderson. "6th]y, lor tything men, John Harvey, William Elliott. "7thiy, f,.i . i . i John Hall. "Stilly, for Invoice men, Cluol I Martin. "atbly, for llayw.u.l-. Moses Wells, « illii iamble "lnihly, I r-k, .,[.,. i>. Charles Emerson, William Stark. "11th, forcullerof staves, Benjamin Stevens. "12thly, for surveyoi ol Merrill. i - Ret orded bj me, "John Hall, Town CU k " HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Thi as organized under the charter. The next town-meeting was holden the 16th of November following, and mainly for the purpose of raising money to defray the expenses of obtaining the charter. On the 4th of November the meeting was .-ailed by warrant of the Selectmen, the second article of which was "i. To rase momy In defray the . barges tJi.u Mi .lob,, Hull has been ■ btaining a corporation for Baid town ami to elms,- a committee for ••vimmiii" and allowing Lis accounts." At the in,., -tin- held November 26, 1751, upon the second article of the warrant, it was ■■ Poled, that Mr. John Hall be piid all the ley thi ommittee " ' " xamination of bis accounts shall allow to be his just due for ">'>■."""- .'" in .u[i..r.iti,.n lor this town. :,t„i the committee's names are us Mloweth John Gone, William M, ('lint,., William Perham, This committee made their report to the selectmen December 21, 1751, as follows: " Derryfibld, December ye 21, 17.">1, "To the selectmen of Derryfiold, Gents, We, the subscribers, being a "" , " 1 "" h " 3 '-'> by the town of Derryficld toexamine and allow the " "' M '- John Hall, that wo should lind justly due to him for his obtaining a cor] ition foi said town, we liav, sel m that affair, and upon a critical examination of the a uts ol said John » I that he haB expended in nej and time, at a reasonable, or rather moderate al- lowance, amounts to tlie sunt of two hundred and fifty-one pounds old tenor, and accordingly wc judge it highly reasonable that he should have the sum with all possible expedition. •' Certified by us the day and year above. 1 ft't M.i'i Lot I eeting the following votes were rased t,, paye lore At the same passed : "3dly, Voted, to Base 24 pounds old tenor, Pi ,' 1 1 1 , , ■ ■ for this present year. '■ Ithly, Voted to Rase 12 pounds old te todefray the charges thai may arise the present y .' As originally incorporated, the town was wholly on [ the east side of the Merrimack. In 1795, by an act of the Legislature, a gore of land was annexe,) to the north side of the town, being a portion of "Harry- town," 1 and was intended to be included in the original incorporation. June 13, 1810, the name of the town was changed to Manchester, it is said, as a compliment to Hon. Samuel Blodgett, who constructed a canal around Amoskeag Falls and who had often asserted 1 " It seems that a portion of this city, next to the Merrimack, consist- ing of a strip .,f land three miles m width, extending through its entire length, was granted, in 1635, to Ephraim Hildreth, John Shepley and others, by the Provinc Massachusetts, that province claiming that their north line extended three miles north and east ol the Merri mai It Hildreth ami M„ ph v. l",.i th.-msoh,.. and ,.ih, , - Captain William Tyng, petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts province for the grant ,,l'iitra,t„t I ■ i , , ,,| . ... ,,,. |, iM _ .,„ ,„,,], Bides of Merrimack Biver at Amoskes Falls PI □ was nreeented od ol services rendered in an expedit against the Indians on Bnow-shoes, in the winter of 1703. "This petition wa «as known bj the that the place some day would he the Manchester of America." The following is a list of the selectmen and town J clerks from the organization of Derryfield, in 1751, to the incorporation of the city in 1846: SELECTMEN. Lleazer W ella ; 1752, John Gofle, IrcnJbul Stark, Alexander McMur- l>hy; 1753, William Perham, Alexandra McMurphy, John Eiddell ; 1 "''' U '" Ml ' ' Ul '■■■' » i * Murj by, John Hall ; 17:,.:., Dan " ' Ml v ' : ' ' Al i : bo Hi rvey ; 1756, Daniel Mi Niel, 1 u , John Harvej l l , r Bobl ins, Robert Ander- "'"' "■ ' M v : l: - William Perham, William McClintock, Abra- h | "" Mern "» " '. "oo"" Perham, William McClintock, Abraham ■"'■"'"■ ' ■ W,lhM " McClintock, Hugh Sterling, Abraham Merrill; 1761, William Perham, John Hall, Thomas Rubs; 1762, William p er - '•■""■ Joh ° M: " '>• John M 8; 1763, John Stark, William )lr, Unto, k John Moors; 1764, William McClintock, John Stark John Moors 1765 Will.am Perham, William McClintock. Abraham Merrill ; 1766, ' Ale* under McMurphy,! Kb,.. :-:■■- ,t .. n ; ,. m ;, , 1767,Eleazer Robbina, Alex, ml. , M. i In, p., I,. Nathaniel Boyd • 1768 "'" '' ' ' " '" ' '""' ' '' '"" " '' '■' I • l7 ' '■ William M, Clint,,, k, Ale.x- urphy, J' in M 1770, Williai McClintock, Alexander ■- urpny, John .1 ; l.,l, William M, i lmto.-k, Alexander Me- Mnrphy; 1772, ilexandei UcMurphy, John Moor, William Mc- Clintock ; 1773, John Stark, s 1 Boyd J, - McCalley; 1774, ' Boyd, .lob,, Perham; 1775, John Stark, el 3( vena, John John Moor, Joseph G ge ; 1776, David Stan tt.Ezel Perham; 1777, John Gofle, Ehenezer Stevens, Be'njam John Hall, Benjamin Baker, Sai I Boyd ; 1779, David starrett,3 John Perham, Samuel -Moor, Jonathan Russ;< 1780, Jonathan Buss John Sheldon, Samuel Moor; 1781 John Hull, Samuel M .Jonathan Buss; 1782, Samuel Moor, Jonathan Bum, Joseph Sanders ; 1783, Samuel Moor,' Joseph Sanders, Jonathan Ilus. ; i:,s| .1 — ,.l, s„,„l, ■ ,.. .1. ,l, ,, ,,„„,., .i,. m Hull ; I7s:, ,1„1,„ iiotle, Jr., William Perham, Samuel stark ■ lT.s,; l„. seph Fermor, John Goffe, Jr., Isaac Hose; 1TS7. James Thompson, is • Huee, John Greene; L7S8, John Hall, John Webster, Job,, Perham. n89 ' J ' ST I'-"-^ 1 ■ John Bay; 1790, Isaac Muse, San,-' uel Moor, John Start, J, 17 D n . Davi . S 1 Moor, John staik, Jr.; 1793, John Gol I n - ■ . Webst. , 1794 John stink, Jr., Daniel Hum- Samuel M , Ji , 1795, Hum, 1 Davis, John Stark, .ii . sammi Moor, Jr., John buy, John Perham. 1796 fsaa, "'""• " l " 1 '" '""'• l,,li " Stark, Ji 1797, John Goffe, Samui I Moor, .1, > '" ' l!l ,,Il '"' ■ 1T ' IS . John Gofle, Daniel Davis, John Stark ; 17M, John it... i. - ph Moore. Daniel Davis ; Ism,, s uel Moor, Jr., John l: ' v - ' IBe] " '~ ! ' '""'• Samuel M ■, Jr., John Ray, [srael Web- "'"' '"'-' "" I Moon Jr., Israel Webster, John Bay ; 1803, Samuel ""'' •'' tarael Webster, John Stark (3d) ; 1804, Samuel Moot, ,i r . '"'" """"' John M " ,k ° |s '■ N " ' Moor, Jr., Edward Ray, V "'" K,M Gamble ; ""'■ » 1 Moo. .1, . Edward Ray, Vmos Wee- ton ; 1807, Samuel J , .,, , i mol We, , ,ard Ray; 1808,8am- ""' M '""- Jr - * " ""-'""■ 5 tel Hall: 1809, Samuel Moor, Ji ' "" """" ; 1 " 1 '" Stark l 1810, Samuel M Jr., Thomas SHckney, '" """' 'Ml, John Stark, Jr., Amos Weston, Israel Webster; lsio, ~" II ' !M " ''• l " lin ^tiirk, Jr., John Dickey; 1813, Samuel M Job Howell, ,lol,„ ],,, key ; IM|, k„. ||„s,. l M -,el Webster. John (I. Moo,; 1815, Isaac I|„.e, Is,., el Weh-to,-, II], I,,,,,,,, S t oV,-,,.s, J, , , ,S | , , t«»«Huse,J Frye, John Stark (4th); 1817, Isaa, Hnse, John stark (*«>), John Dickey; 1818, 7- Huse, John Dickey, tfatha 1 Moor- 1819, Samuel M Epbn Stevens,Ji John Stark (4th); 1820, Joseph .Moor, Ephraim Stevens. j r ., Amos West,.,,, j, ; 1821, A s Weston '- Ephraim Steves, Jr., John Proctor; 1822, Amos t Nathaniel Nathaniel Moore, Isaac v • Weston, Jr., Isaac Huse, Nathaniel Moorejl826, Stark, Israel Merrill, .lame, si Queston ; 1821 Pioctor, Nathaniel Moor; 1824, Amos Weston, the oi '!', lest, I ol laid included within it Tyngstown extended from Bell's town" (novi Pembroke to Litchfield, and was ,t by the Merri, I. . and on the east by a line paral- k, and at the distance ,.f three miles from the same. - aboul twelve miles in length and three miles in i Wallace, D D MANCHESTER. is:.'.' ell ; 1K3S, Joseph M liuKell, A|. hiL.il. ■!• . .'■ . l-'-ic "use Joseph M. Rowell, Archibald Gamble, Ji . taaai Huse; 1840, Amoa Wcstou, Jr., J. T. P. Hunt, Hiram Brown; 1841, Amoa Weston, Jr. Isaac C. Flanders, Isaac Uuse ; 1x42, Moses Fellows, Andrew Bunton, Jr., Abram Brighain J 1843, Jin— Fellows, vndrev Bunton, Jr., David Child; 1841, Nathan Parker, Warren Jj. Lane, George Clark ; 1845, Na- than Parker, G ge Clark, Charles Chase; 1846, Moses Fellows, An- drew Bunton, Jr., Edward McQuesten. MollHIiAToUS. Url.il.aldStark; IT'.K-r, I, William ; 1762-63, John G He ; 17(14, John 1766, John Hall , 1767, David Sta .an M.a'lintoek ; 1770-7.'., John Sta J.ilm Mark TOWN" CLF.UKS 754, Alexander McMurph; Samuel Moor, Jr.; 1811, John Stark. .1- . 1-1' 13, I -a u Hum; 1814, Samuel Moor; 1815-18, John (., M ; 1819 I ■■■ i 3tark . 1824-25, Amoa Weston, Jr.; 1826-28, Franklin Uooi II - tel Jackson ; 1831-33, Amos Weston, Jr.; 1834-37, John i: Hall; 1838-40, Samuel Jackson ; 1841, Walter French ; 1842-46, Jobj) M Noyes. The town-meetings were held in the town until 1840. The increasing power of the "New Village" was not looked upon with favor by the old inhabitants, who regarded these new-comers as interlopers. Mutual jealousies soon arose, which finally resulted in a stormy town-meeting in March, 1840, which re- quired the selection of thirty constables to keep order before the other town officers were elected. It had become apparent (said Judge Potter, in re- ferring to this meeting) that the inhabitants of the " New Village " would soon outnumber those of the town, if they did not at that time. The people of the village did not talk or act with much moderation. They openly told their intention of controlling the affairs of the town, and the nominations for town officers by the two parties seem to have been made with this idea, as all the candidates for the important offices in the town lived at the " New Village," or in its immediate vicinity. At the annual meeting, the votes of the first dav showed conclusively that the people of the "New Village" predominated. Accordingly, when about to adjourn on the evening of that day, a motion was made to adjourn to meet at Washington Hall, on Amherst Street, at ten o'clock A.M. of the next day. This motion at once produced a most stormy discussion. Upon putting the question, the utmost confusion prevailed andapoll of the house was demanded. Finally it was proposed that the two parties to the question should form in lines upon the common, in trout of the town-house, and should be counted by the selectmen, thus taking the vote surely and in order. This suggestion met the views of all parties ; the question was put by the moderator and a large portion of the voters went out and formed lines as suggested. While most of the voters had thus left the house, some one made a motion to adjourn the meeting to the next day, then to meet at the town- house ; the moderator put the vote, it was carried, and the meeting was declared adjourned. When the "outsiders" heard of the vote, they rushed into the house ; but to no purpose, the meeting was adjourned, and the moderator would hear no motion. After much confusion the people left the house and went home ; but on both sides it was only to rally their forces for the contest the next day. The voters of the " New Village" met the same night in Washington Hall, and laving aside their political preferences, nominated a union ticket for town officers. The next day the parties were at the polls at an early hour, all under much excitement; so much so, that it soon be- came apparent that they could not proceed with the meeting without an increase of the constabulary force ; it was accordingly " Voted to postpone the choice of selectmen until constables be chosen." They then made choice of thirty constables, as fol- lows, viz.: .lames McQuesten, J. L. Bradford, David Young, William P. Fanner, Mace Moulton, Matthew Kennedy, Walter French, John H. Copp, Levi Sar- gent, Adam Gilmore, Jonathan K. Cochran, Isaac C. Flanders, Joseph B. Hall, Jr., Alonzo Boyce, Nehe- miah (.'base, Taylor L. Southwick, Barton Monsey, George W. Tilden, Josiah Stowell, Thomas Gamble, Jonathan C. Furbish, E. W. Harrington, Hiram Brown, Alonzo Smith, Reuben Kimball, John H. Maynard, Henry S. Whitney, Jacob G. Cilley, Joseph M. Rowell and Ebenezer P. Swain. They then proceeded to elect the Board of Select- men, and made choice of the gentlemen nominated in the caucus at the " New Village," viz.: Amos Weston, Jr., Jona. T. P. Hunt, Hiram Brown. After this ballot the business of the meeting passed off' quietly, the village party having things their own way. After choosing the usual town officers they raised a committee, consisting of the selectmen, George Clark and James Hall, to purchase a " Pauper Farm," without limitation as to the price, and author- ized the selectmen to hire such a sum of money as might be necessary to pay for said farm. They also constituted the selectmen a committee to take into f.U HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. consideration the subject of a new division of the town into districts fur . school purposes. The villagers were triumphant ; but they seem to have been moderate us victors, as the selectmen called the very next meeting for the choice of electors at the town-house. It may well be imagined that a people of as strong prejudices as those of Manchester could not look upon these "new-comers" overriding them in a town- meeting with any great degree of complacency, and many stories are told of their remarks during the ex- citement. One is told of John Stark, Esq., or " Justice Stark," as he was commonly designated. He went into the moderator's desk and addressed the people thus: "Who are ye, that are lure to act, and to tread upon us in this manner'.' I'll tell ye who you are?— You're a set of interlopers come here to get a living upon a sand bank, and a d d poor living you will get, let me tell ye ! " Upon this the "interlopers" made so much dis- turbance that, the "Justice" could not be beard, and he left the desk. The result was decisive. The peo- ple of the old part of the town saw at once that their power had departed, and that henceforth Manchester was to be controlled bythepeopleof the " New Milage." The first town-meeting in the new village was held in Washington Hall, February 1, 1841, and among Other improvements voted was that of building a town- house. This structure was completed during the following summer at an expense of seventeen thou- sand dollars. The building committee consisted of John I). Kimball, Edward McQuesten and J.T.I'. Hunt. The first meeting in the new bouse was held March 8, 1842. City of Manchester.— s., large bad the popula- tion of this town become that at the March meeting, in 1846, it was deemed expedient to petition the Legislature for a city charter, and a committee, com- posed "I' David Gillis, Samuel I ». Bell, Isaac Kiddle, William ('. Clarke, John A. Burnham, Luther Farley and Walter French, was chosen to take the matter in charge. Accordingly, a petition was at once pre- sented; on June 1, L846, the citj of .Manchester was incorporated. At the August election the an was ac- cepted, by a vote of four hundred and eighty-five to one hundred and thirty-four. The first city election occurred August 19, 1846, with four candidates for mayor, viz., Hiram Brown, Whig : William ( '. Clarke, Democrat ; Thomas Brown, Abolition; and William Shepherd. The result was as follows : a. Br< urn. Clarke. T.Brown. Shepherd, Whol Ms voter Ward 1 . . Si 85 8 I 111 Ward J. . 7S 65 'Jl 3 160 Ward 3 . 85 38 30 1."' 170 Ward 4 . . Ms 26 8 I l:: Ward 5, i-.; 93 28 <; -'52 Ward 6 . . 05 74 5 I I 185 Ward 7 . . 46 81 ') 4 187 Kecessary tu a choice > M ' 11. Brown's vote 569 Majority against Brown 17 The following officers were chosen at this election ; Aldt n - Andrew Bunton, .u : Ge rge Pi rti .. William G. Means, David liiliis. Timothy Blaisdell, Kdwar.l M. ou.-ieii. >!■<-''" Fellows. ii nci!.— John S. Kidder, rge W Eaton, William Boyd, Herrey Tufts, Daniel J. Hoyt, James M. Morrill, Israel I i Russell, George P. Folsom, David Cross, U.r.im r.ii-ham. William M. Parker, I benezei Clark, Asa 0. Colby, Nathaniel Herrick, William Pot- . i \ Eussey, Sewell Leavitt, William W. Baker, Rod- nia Nutt, Scl 1 C tiittee— Archibald Stark, Nathaniel Wheet, Joseph Knowl- ton, Moses Hill, James Mcfiauley, William W. Brown, Amos Weaton. ..... poo-.— Joseph M. Rowell, B. T. Locke, Francis Beed\ Levi Batchelder, Caleb Johnson, Flair- T. I nderhill, James Emerson. Aaaaort — Edward Hall, Ira Ballon. James Wallace, Charles Chase, Lewis Bartl.'tt, Stillnan I'-ll""-. .lane- Hall. Jr. The second election for mayor was held Septembei 1st. There were four candidates, viz. : Hiram Brown. Isaac C. Flanders, Thomas Brown and John S. Wig- gin. The result was as follows ; ;;, Br i Flanden Wiggin. T, Bi H h ■'■ » War. I 1 . . 41 4N 2 I 100 Ward J . . 79 47 15 26 175 Ward 3 . . 98 36 17 23 183 Ward 4 . . 112 1« 4 9 14J Ward 5 . . 124 65 9 30 236 Ward 6 . . II 72 I H 186 Ward 7 . . 58 64 4 1S2 Hiram Brown hail ■ 602 v i essary t" a choice 578 Brown's majority 24 The city government was organized in the City Hall, September 8, 1846, Moses Fellows, chairman of the retiring Board of Selectmen, presiding. Prayer wa> offered by Rev. C. W. Wallace, D.D., after which the oath of office was administered to the mayor by Hon. Daniel Clark. After the delivery of the mayor's address the city government was organized as follows: President of Common Council, William M. Parker; Clerk, David Hill; City Clerk, J. S. T. Cushing; Treasurer, Thomas Hoyt ; Marshal, George- T. ( 'lark. Hon. Samuel D. Bell was appointed, Si p- tember 28, 1846, police justice, and Isaac Riddle and Joseph Cochrane. Jr.. special justices. Mayors and Clerks.— The following is a list of the mayors and clerks from the incorporation of the- ,-it\ to 1885: MA YOBS. Hiram Brown, 1846 17 .1 b r James, 1848-49; Moses Fellows, lS.Mi-.-il ; Frederick Smyth, ls.Y>-55, 1864; Theodore T. Abbot, 1S55- 7. i .... i i. I James, 1857; Alonzo Smith. 1858; K. W. Harring- ton, 1859-60; David A. Bunton, 1861-62; Darwin J. Daniels, 1 1865; J..!m 1 1 .-1. > , - l-i" J-- ph r. Clark, 186T; James A. Weston, 1868, 1870-71, 1874-75; Isaac W. Smith, 1869 ; PereonB Cheney, 1872 ; Charles II Bartlett," 1873; John P. Newell,' 1873 ; Al us Gaj 1876; Era , ,,... I-:: John L. Kelly, 1878; Horace B. Putnam, I Stearns, 1884. CLERKS. JohnS. T. Cushing, 1840-49; Frederick Smyth, 1849-52 ; George A, MANCHESTER. .'.:; ake M,i Vim. Ii 1- ■-' ".i; ; I Tuyl'T.' lS."ii>-.".7; Frank H. Lyfunl," ls.-.r,-;.7 ; Joseph Knowlton,' 1858-65; Joseph E. Bennett, « 1865 Jackson, 1S7C; John P. Newell, 1876; Nathan P. Kidder, 1877 to presenl The area of the city was enlarged July 1, 1853, by the annexation of what is now known as Amoskeag from Goflstown and Piscataquog from Bedford. CHAPTER IV. MANCHESTER— {Continued). THE PRESS— EDUCATIONAL — CITY LIBKAKY. The first newspaper published in Manchester was Amoskeag Representative, established by John Cald- well, October is, 1839. Its name was changed to Manchester Representative January 22, 1841. The paper was sold, 1 (ecember 7, 1842, to Kimball & < iur- rier, and merged with the Manchesh r Democrat. The second paper was the Amoskeag Memorial, be- gun January 1, 1840, by Joseph C. Emerson. Jan- uary G. 1841, its name was changed to Manchester .)/, mortal. Joseph Kidder became its editor February 17, 1841, at which time he sold to Mr. Emerson the People's Herald, which he had publishe for two months previous, having issuei The Memorial then assumed the doub] Chester Memorial and People's Herald June 5, 1842, when the latter half was 26, 1841, Mr. Emerson associated w publisher ( ). D. Murray, and in the a nary, when Mr. Kidder resigned the publishers announced themselves as establishment was bought, Septembi Samuel F. Wetmore and A. A. Wallace, who con- tinued its publishers till August 21, 1844, when Mr. Wallace retired and left the paper in the hands of Mr. Wetmore, the senior partner. Its name was changed, September 6, 1844, to that of Manchester American. In September, 1845, Mr. Wetmore started the Semi- Weekly American, of which John H. War- land was editor. April 17, 1846, the establishment passed into the hands of James O. Adams, who at ■once discontinued the semi-weekly issue. He re- mained the publisher and editor of the American till May, 1852, when, having another weekly paper upon his hands, he sold the American to < leneral Joseph C. Abbott and Edward A. Jenks. A few weeks later they bought the Saturday Messenger, Henry A. Gage. one of the owners of the latter, being admitted to part- nership, and they published the American and Messen- ger under the name of Abbott, Jenks & Co., Mr. Abbott being the editor. A daily had been issued during the ■campaign of 1848, and again in 1850 during the progress of the Parker murder trial, but the first regular issue of dropped. May ic. ceding Jan- editorship, the editors. The ■r 2, 1842, by the Manchester Daily American occurred September 4, 1854. Charles G. Warren subsequently bought the in- terest of the two junior partners, and the publication was continued by Abbott & Warren. Both the daily and weekly were sold in 1857 to John II. Goodale, of the Manchester Democrat, and united with that paper. I'pnii the appearance of the Memorial, in January, 1840, John Caldwell, of the Representative, began the publication of a neutral and literary paper of the size of the new sheet, with the title of the Manchester Magazine, whose matter was selected from what had once appeared in his own paper. This was continued but three months. July 4, 1840, Joseph (.'. Emerson, of the Memorial, began the publication of the Manchester Workman. The Star of Bethlehem was established January 2, 1841, and was continued here about one year anil removed to Lowell. The Literary Souvenir was a weekly paper which was begun in Lowell, in 1838, by A. I:. E Hildreth, but in its fourth year was removed to Concord, and four months later to this city. Emerson .V Murray, of the Memorial, were its publishers, and S. H.Napoleon Bonaparte Everette was its editor. J le was an eccen- tric man, who styled himself "Rag Emperor," and his name was printed in the paper with that title. The Iris, in, I Literary Recordw&s a monthly magazine, which had been published at Hanover by E. A. Allen, but in the summer of 1842 was bought by Emerson & Murray and removed to Manchester. Mr. Everette was the editor of both this ami the Souvenir. These tun were united the 1st September and pub- lished under the name of the Iris and Souvenir. Mr. Murray soon after retired, and left Mr. Emerson in sole possession of the business. The latter, in De- cember, 1842, began the Semi- Weekly Advertiser, which was edited by Colonel Isaac Kinsman, of Pembroke, and was continued but four or five weeks. In January, 1843, Mr. Emerson sold all his newpaper property to Willard N. Haradon, who bought at the same time the interest of the senior partner in the Manchester Allodium, whose first number was issued, January 14, 1S43, by James Bursiel and a man of the name of Hamlet, the second number bearing the names of Hamlet it Haradon. 'flic Allodium was a neutral and literary paper, ornamented with cheap engravings on wood. This firm continued its publication till April s. 1843, when E. D. Boylston, now the editor of the 1',, nuns' CibiiK-t at Amherst, purchased it of them, ami also bought the Iris and Smimiir of Mr. Haradon, continuing both papers under different names and in a different fashion, 'flic Allodium became the Man- chester Transcript, which was removed a tew months later to Great Falls and there deceased, and instead "f I, is iin,l Souvenir, be established, in August. 1845, a religious and temperance journal, under the name of the New Hampshire Magazine, which was published lor a year and was then discontinued. In IS ">7, .1. II. Goodale bought the Ihiihj American HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. iiml Aiiirri>-iiit fin-/ J/e.-iii afterwards Simeon D. Farnsworth, then a school-teacher of Concord, came to this cttj and entered into partnership with Goodale, and the firm became Goodale & Farnsworth. In the fall of 1861 the latter bought out his partner and continued the sole proprietor till April, 1SG3, when, having be- come a paymasterin the army, he leased the daily and weekly to Gage, Moore & ( !o. : Henry A. < rage, < Irren C. Moore, .Tame- 0. Adams), and the name Democrat was dropped from the title. In August, 1863, 0. C. Moore sold his interest to Sylvester C.Gould. In December, I863,Mr. Farnsworth bought back the lease and sold both papers to John B. (lark.-, who united them with the Mirror. The last issue of the Daily Am Heart was dated December. 26, 1863. The Gleanerw&s issued November 12, 1842, its pub- lisher being William A. Hall and its editor John Cald- well. It wa> suspended in the latter part of 1845. The Manchester Palladium, another of Mr. (.'aid- well's enterprises, was begun May 21, 1846, and continued about six month-. The White Mountain Torrent was published here a few months in 1843. The Manchester Operative was begun Saturday, December 3d, 1843, by Willard N. Haradon, and discontinued November 16, 1844. The Independent Democrat was begun in this city May 1, 1845, by Robert < '. Wetmore. It was re- moved after a few weeks to Concord, and was subse- quently united with the Iiiilejuwlenl Niitexniun. July '•'>, 1845, was issued the first number of the Manchester Mercantile Advertiser, published by Charles II. Chase. It was suspended after an ex- istence of nearly live months, and then Mr. Chase began the publication of the Munrhrsler >,//«/'<'-■// Messenger, November 29, 1845. The Messenger ap- peared March 28, 1846, with J. E, Davis, Jr., and Israel P. Chase as publishers. E. D. Davis took Mr. ( hase's place in the firm on the loth of August of the -ante year. They continued its publication till March 20, 1847, when they disposed of the es- tablishment to William 11. Gilmore and Israel P. < lhase. Joseph Kidder, who had been its editor from the -tart, reigned hi- charge at the I li second volume, November 2n. 1847. Mr. ( thereafter the principal editor till he retired from the paper. June 24, 1848. Subsequently, Henry A. Gage bought Mr. Gilmore's interest, and May 26, 1849, associated with him Francis F. Forsaith, who then became the editor. He withdrew January 25, 1851, and was sm. ceded by Benjamin F. Wallace, who had been for several years the principal of Piscata- quog Village Academy. In 1852 it was sold to Abbott, .leak- & Co. (Joseph < '. Abbott, Edward A. Jenks and Henry A. Gage), the owners of the . I nu ■rim ii, and muted with that paper. The New Hampshire Temperanci Banner was es- tablished in 1847. and in about three years removed to ( loncord. The Old Hero, a short-lived campaign paper, was issued in 1848 from the office of the Manchester American, in advocacy of the claims of General Zacharj Taylor for the Presidency. September 9, 1848, the first number of the Man- chester Telescope was issued by Haradon & Kiely. After an existence of about two years its name was changed bj Mr. Haradon, who had become its sole proprietor February 19, 1849, to that of Haradon's Wril.hj Sjnj. A subsequent change made it the Man- and under this title it was published till the beginning of 1852, when it was sold to the pub- lishers of the Filmier* Monthly Visitor, and incor- porated with that paper. The Merchants' Own Jour, ml was begun in No- vember, 1S48, by Haradon & Storer, and was issued for a short time. About 1849 the late Dr. Thomas E. Crosby, then a practicing physician in Manchester, conceived tin- idea of publishing an agricultural paper in the city, and at length having associated with himself James • I. Adams as publisher, issued the first number of the Granite Farmer February 2d. 1850. It was a weekly of eight pages, and, according to the an- nouncement on its first page, was " published under the patronage of the Nov Hamphire State Agricul- tural Society." At the beginning of the fourth volume, in January. 1853, the Rev. A. * i. t lomings, of Mason, became associate editor, but he removed from the State about March, 18.~>3, and the twelfth number was the last which bore his name. The paper was sold, October 5, 1853, to the Hon. Chandler E. Potter, and was united not long afterwards with the Fanners' Monthly Visitor. The Manchester Daily Mirror was started a- a morning paper, Monday, October 28, 1850, by Joseph C. Emerson. With the seventh number appeared the name of F. A. Moore as that of the editor. He was succeeded as editor, December 10, 1850, by Edward N. Fuller. Monday, June 23, 1851, it was changed from a morning to an evening paper. Mr. Emerson began. Saturday, February 22. 1851, under the name of the Dollar Weekly Mirror, a weekly paper, made up from the columns of the daily, of which also Mr. Fuller was the editor. In February, 1852, he retired from the editorship, and his place was filled by John B. Clarke. lie held the position tiil September 1st, when Mr. Emerson, who had been engaged in the manufacture of fireworks, lost heavily by lire, and became financially embarrassed. He struggled along till October 20th, when he sold at auction the daily and weekly, which were bought by John 1'.. Clarke, who has owned ami edited them ever since. He bought, in 1863, of S. D. Farnsworth, the Daily and Weekly American, in which the Manchester Democrat had been swallowed up, and united the latter w ith S*£~ ^ / MAXCH F.ST Kit. the Dollar Weekly Mirror sad the former with the Daily Mirror, w nich has since been known as the Daily Mirror and American. In 1863 he bought of Francis B. Eaton the New Hampshire Journal of Agriculture, which had already absorbed the Granite Farm r and the Farmers' Monthly Visitor, and united it with the weekly, under the name of the Dollar Weekly Mirror and New Hampshire Journal of Agriculture. Jul) 8, 1865, its name was changed to that of Mirror and Farmer, und under this it has since been pub- lished. Colonel John B. Clarke, 1 editor and proprietor of the Manchester Mirror. — Among the business en- terprises in which the men of to-day seek fortune and reputation, there i- scarcely another which, when linnly established upon a sound basis, sends its roots so deep and wide, and is so certain to endure and pros- per, bearing testimony to the ability of its creators, as the family newspaper. Indeed, a daily or weekly paper which lias gained by legitimate methods an im mense circulation and a profitable advertising patron- age is immortal. It may change owners and names, and character even, but it never dies, and if, as is usually the ease, it owes its early reputation and suc- cess to One man, it not only reflects him while he is associated with it, but pays a constant tribute to his memory after lie has passed away. But, while the rewards of eminent .success in the newspaper profession are great and substantial, the road to them is one which only the strong, sagacious ami active can travel, and this is especially true when he who strives for them assumes the duties of both publisher and editor. It requires great ability to make a great paper every day, ami even greater to sell it extensively and profitably, and to do both is not a possible task lor the weak. To do both in an inland city, where the competition of metropolitan journals must lie met and discounted, without any of their ad- vantages, requires a man of grip, grit and genius. In 1852 the Manchester Mirror was on,- of the smallest ami weakest papers in the country. Its weekly edition had a circulation of about six hundred, that of its daily was less than five hundred, and its advertising receipts were extremely small. Alto- gether, it was a load which its owner could not carry, and the whole establishment, including subscription lists, good-will, press, type and material was sold at auction for less than one thousand dollars. In 1885 the Weekly Mirror and Farmer has a cir- culation of more than twenty-three thousand and every subscriber on its books has paid for it in advance. The Daily Mirror and American has a correspond- ingly large and reliable constituency, and neither paper hicks advertising patronage. The office in which they are printed is one of the most extensive and best equipped in the Eastern States cut of Boston. In every sense of (he word the Mirror is successful, strong and solid. The building up of this great and substantial enter- prise boil i so small a beginning has been tin' work of John 1'.. Clarke, who bought the papers, as Stated above, in 1852, has ever since been their owner, man- ager and controlling spirit, and in spite of sharp ri- valry at Inline and from abroad and the lack of oppor- tunities which such an undertaking must contend with in a Small City, has kept the Mirror, in hard times as in good times, steadily growing, enlarg- ing its scope and influence, and gaining strength with which to make and maintain new advances; and at the same time has made it yield everj year a handsome income. Only a man of pluck, push and perseverance, of courage, sagaeii\ and industry could have done this; and he who has accomplished it need point to no other achievement to establish his title to a [dace among thestroug men of his time. Mr. Clarke is a native of Atkinson, where he wis born January 30, 1820. His parents were intelligent and successful farmers, and from them he inherited the robust constitution, the genial disposition and the capacity for brain-work which have carried himtothe head of his profession in New Hampshire. They also furnished him with the small amount of money neci s- sary to give a boy an education in those days, and in due course he graduated with high honors at Dart- mouth College, in the class of L843. Then be became principal of the Meredith Bridge Academy, which position he held for three years, reading law mean- while in an office near by. In 184S he was admitted to tin Hillsborough ( lounty bar, from the office of his brother, at Manchester, the late Hon. William C.Clarke, attorney-general of New Hampshire, and the next year went to California. From 1849 until 1851 be was practicing his profession, roughing it in the mines, and prospecting for a permanent busim location in California, Central America and Mexico. In 1851 be returned to .Manchester and established himself as a lawyer, gaining in a few months a prac- tice which gave hima living, but in October of the next year the sale of the Mirror afforded an opening more suited to his talents and ambition, and having bought the property, he thenceforth devoted himself to it- development. He had no experience, no capital, but be had con- fidence in himself, energy, good judgment and a wil- lingness to work for the success he was determined to gain, for months and years be was editor, reporter, business manager, accountant and collector. In these capacities he did an amount of work that would have killed an ordinary man, and did it in a way that told ; for every month added to the number of bis patrons, and slowly but steadily his business increased in volume and his papers in influence. He early made it arule to condense every thing that appeared in the colums of the Mirror into the smallest HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. possible space, to make what he printed readable as well as reliable, to make the paper better every year than it was the preceding year, and to furnish the weekly edition at a price which would give it an im- mense circulation without the help of traveling agents or the credit system ; and to this policj he has adhered. Resides this, he spared no expense which he judged would add to the value of his publications, and his judgment iias always set the bonds far off on the very verge of extravagance. Whatever machine promised to keep his office abreast of the times, and in- crease tli' 1 capacity for good work, he has dared buy. Whatever man he has thought would brighten and strengthen his staff of assistants lie has gone fur. and, if possible, got, andwhatever new departure has seemed to him likely to win new friends for the Mirror he has made. In this way he has gone from the bottom oftheladder to the top. From time to time rival sheets have sprung up beside him, but only to maintain an existence for a brief period or to lie consolidated with the Mirror. All the time there lias been sharp competition from publishers elsewhere, but this has only stimulated him to make a better paper and push it successfully in fields which they have regarded as their own. In connection with the Mirror, a great job-printing establishment lias grown up, which turns out a large amount of work in all departments, and where the State printing has been done six years. Mr. Clarke lias also published several 1 ks, including ".Sanborn's History of New Hampshire," "Clarke's History of Man- chester," "Successful New Hampshire Men," " Man- chester Directory" and other works. Within a few years a book-bindery has been added to the establish- ment. Mr. Clarke still devotes himself closely to his business six hours each day. but limits himself to this period, having been warned by an enforced rest and voyage to Europe, in 1872, to recover from the strain of over- work, that even his magnificent physique could not sustain too great a burden, and he now maintains robust and vigorous health by a systematic and regular mode of life, by long rides of from fifteen to twenty- five miles daily and an annual summer vacation. In making the Mirror its owner has made a great deal of money. If he had saved it as some others ba\ e done, lie would have re to-day than any other in Manchester who lias done busines> the >ame length of time on the same capital. But if he ha- gathered like a man born to lie a millionaire, lie has scattered like one who would spend a millionaire's fortune. He has been a g 1 liver ami a free giver. All his tastes incline him to large expenditures. His home abounds in all the comforts that money will buy. His farm is a place where costly experiments are trie. I. He is pas- sionately fond of fine horses, and his stables are always full of those that are highly bred, fleet and valuable. He loves an intelligent dog and a good gun, and is known far and near as an enthusiastic sportsman. He believes in being good to himself ami generous toothers, values money only tor what it will buy, and .very day illustrates the fact that it i> easier for him to earn ten dollars than to save one by being "close." A business that will enable a man of such tastes ami impulses to gratify all his wants and still accumulate a competency for his children isa good one, and that is what the busine>s of the Mirror counting-room has done. Nor is this all, nor the most, for the Mirror has made the name of John B. Clarke a household word in nearly every school district in Northern New England and in thousands of families in other sections. It lias given him a great influence in the politics, the agriculture and the social life of his time, has made him a power in shapingthe policy of his citj and State-, and one of the forces thai have kept the wheels of progress mov- ing in both for more than thirty years. In a word, what one man can do for and with a newspaper in New Hampshire John B. Clarke has done for and with the Mirror, and what a great news- paper can do tor a man the Ma ror has done for John B.Clarke. The Manchester Union.— The first Democratic newspaper in Manchester was the Amoskeag Repre- sentative, started in October, 1839, by John Caldwell. \ lew i iths later its name was changed to Man- chester Represenlaiiee. In 1842 the course of the Representative on important party issues became so dis- tasteful t.. a majority of the Democrats in the town that measures were taken to establish a new organ, and in April of that year William H. Kimball and Joseph Kidder started the Manchester Democrat. A few months later Mr. Kidder sold his interest to George W.Morrison and M ly furrier. Mr. Mor- rison subsequently disposing of his share to Mr. Cur- rier, who became associate editor with Mr. Kimball. In October, 1843, Mr. Currier's interest was pur- chased by E. 1'.. Davis, and in the spring of 1S44 the paper passed by purchase into th.' hands of Chand- ler E. Potter, a graduate of Dartmouth, and at that time a practicing attorney. The Representative was discontinued soon afterthe Democrat was started, and Mr. Caldwell established the Gleaner, a scurrilous sheet, the conduct of which involved the proprietor in numberless difficulties and lawsuits, and finally drove him from the town. In 1S4.S, Judge Potter, who was a forcible writer and an earnest advocate of Democratic principles, sold the Democrat to John H. Goodale, a native of Deering and a graduate of Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn. Mr. G laic conducted the paper in full accord with the principles of the Dem- ocratic party until 1850, when he evinced a decided tendency to espouse the doctrines of the Free-Soil party, then becoming a prominent factor in national politics. At tie Democratic State Convention in December, 1850, John Atwood, of New Boston, who had been a MANCHESTER. 57 Baptist minister and for several years Stale treasurer, was nominated as candidate for Governor. In the platform adopted by the convention the question of slavery was not specifically mentioned, but the com- promise measures which had just been passed by Con- gress were Cully indorsed. Soon after the convention Mr. Atwood, in answer to a letter addressed to him b\ John II. White and other Free-Soilers, expressed sentiments similar to those held by the leaders of the Free-Soil party. This letter was not immediately published, but when its contents became known to Bome of the Democratic leaders there was great ex- citement. General Pierce, who believed that Mr. At- w 1 had written the White letter without due con- sideration, endeavored to persuade him to retracehis steps, if he could conscientiously do so. Thereupon Mr. Atwood signed a letter in which he substantially rev. iked the sentiments contained in his letter to White. Upon the publication of this letterthe Free- Soilers printed his communication to White, though Atwood declared he never gave his consent to its publication. Naturally, Mr. Atwood soon found himself in a most melancholy predicament through his attempt to pleaseboth parties. The Democracy, finding then- was no way of escaping from the di- lemma in which Atwood had placed them, except by throwing him overboard altogether, immediately called a new convention, repudiated their former can- didate and renominated Samuel Dinsmore, whowas then serving his second term as Governor. Mr. Goodale, as editor of the Democrat, had be- come thoroughly imbued with Free-Soil principles, and sustained Mr. Atwood in the controversy. In tin- state of affairs the leaders of the Democratic party in Manchester held a meeting on the 28th of I> jeember, 1860, to consider the question of starting a new paper which should correctly reflect the prin- ciples of the party. James McK. Wilkins presided, and Joseph Kidder was chosen secretary. On motion of William C. Clarke, it was voted that a committee he appointed to establish a paper which should advocate sentiments in harmony with those of the Democratic party, and the following gentlemen were chosen such committee: Richard II. Aver, Walter French, Mace Moulton, John S. Kidder, Warren L. Lane, William C. Clarke, A. G. Gale, isaac < '. Flanders, Charles Stark, William A. Putney, S. H. Aver, I. N. Hays, Silas Tenney, G. P. Prescott, Samuel Dame, James \l Queston, William Boyd, E. W. Harrington, S. W. Parsons, D. P. Perkins, John L. Fitch, J. D. Emer- son, Leonard Lyon, Thomas Rundlett, William I'.. Johnson, Edward Hall. Lorenzo Dow, S. W. Jones, Charles Rundlett, W. S. Morey, James S. Cheeney, Charles B. Gleason, Sherburne Fogg, Thomas P. Fierce, [saac .Marshall, J. L. Keniston, C. E. Potter, J. McK. Wilkins, Moody Currier, Joseph M. Rowell, Leonard Rundlett, Samuel N. Bell, Robert Ayer, John Stark, Isaac Currier, Franklin Tenney, Nehe- miah Chase, A. Hatch, S. P. Greeley, D. F. Straw. Joseph Kidder, .1. s, Elliott, R. D. Mooers, Walter P.Fogg, Dustin Marshall, W.W. Baker, LG.l acker, John Sargent, S. S. Collin, A. Kimball. The committee immediately purchased the neces- sary material and fitted up an office, and January 'J4. 1851, the first number of The Union Democrat was issued. For a few week- the editorial work was per- formed by a number of gentlemen who were aide and experienced writers ; but finally the committee made an engagement with James M. Campbell, by which he was to assume the entire editorial management of the paper, and he entered upon his new duties with great zeal and enthusiasm. In thespringof 1852 it seemed unlikely that any of the very distinguished Democratic statesmen who had been named for the Presidency would receive the nomination at the next national convention of that party. Under these circumstances Mr. Campbell be lieved it possible to bring about the nomination of General Franklin Fierce. With this view, he wrote a letter in Mr. Pierce's behalf to his friend. General Conway, a leading Democrat at Fredericksburg. The convention met and failed to agree upon a candidate during twenty-five ballots. A Iter the twenty-fifth ballot the Virginia delegation retired for consultation, when Mr. Campbell's letter to Conway was read, and it was decided that at the next ballot the vole of Virginia should be cast for General Pierce. This was done, and on a subsequent ballot he was nominated. The letter of Mr. Campbell was afterwards published in the Richmond Enquirer and in most of the other I democratic papers of the South. In his conduct of the Union Democrat through the trying times that followed the election of General Fierce, and continued through his administration and that of Buchanan, Mr. Campbell displayed the high- est qualities of statesmanship, maintaining throughout a steadfast allegiance to the constitution. In State and local affairs he pursued a wise and conservative course, building his paper upon a solid foundation. In February, 1856, tl ffice was destroyed l>\ fire, but was immediately re-established in Union Build- ing, corner Elm and Market Streets. In 1861, Walter Harriman, of Warner, became joint owner with Mr. Campbell, and assume. 1 charge of its editorial columns, the name of the paper being changed to the Manchester Union. Colonel Harriman retained his interest in the paper until January, 1863, when he disposed of it to Colonel Thomas P. Pierce, and the old name, Union Democrat, was restored. The same month Colonel Pierce sold his interest to Charles Lamson, of Nashua. March 1, 1863, the first number of the Manchester Daily Union was issued from the office of the Union Democrat, and in August following, Mr. Lamson sold his interest in both papers to Alpheus A. Hanscom, of Eliot, Me., and the firm became < lampbell & Hans- com. the latter devoting his time chiefly to the busi- ness management of the office, though a frequent HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. contributor to the editorial colums. Early in 1864 t Iil' office was removed to Merchants' Exchange. In September, 1872, < reorge A. 1 lanscom, a brother of the junior partner, and James E, the second son of Mr. Campbell, were admitted as partners in the business of printing and publishing, the firm still re- taining the style of Campbell .v Hanscom. Mr. Campbell, Sr., retained control of the editorial col- ums, George A. Hanscoin took charge of the local department and James L. Campbell attended to the mechanical part of the business. In the winter of 187-';-74 the firm erected a brick block on Manchester Street, near Elm, twenty feet wide and fifty feel deep, four stories high, with basement, the office occupying the greater part of the block. The first paperprinted in the new building bears date February 9, 1874. Mr. Campbell continued to edit the paper until the fall of 1876, when finding his health greatly impaired by his long-continued and confining labors, he severed his active connection with the Union Democrat and Daily Union, and went to Florida, where he purchased a tract of land and engaged in the occupation of orange culture. He was succeeded in the editorial chair by A. A. Hanscom. Mr. Campbell maintained a lively interest in the paper, and sent an occasional contribution to its columns from his Southern home. He died quite suddenly at Sorento, Florida, on the last day of April, 1883. November 10, 1879, marked a new era in the history of the Manchester Union. On that date the paper ami material passed by purchase into the hands of Stilson Hutchins, of Laconia, John H. Riedell, of Boston, and Joseph C. Moore, of Lake Village. July 27, 1880, a stock company was formed, of which Mr. Moore became president, Mr. Hutchins treasurer and Mr. Riedell secretary. June 26, 1881, Messrs. Hutchins and Moore purchased Mr. Riedell's interest, and later, on the 5th of December, 1882, Mr. Hutchins dis- posed of his interest in the office to .Mr. Moore, since when no further change in proprietorship has been made. From the inception of the enterprise, in July, 1880, Mr. Moore was the leading and active spirit, in the management of the paper, and his addi- tional interest acquired in December, 1882, was a natural and eminently proper sequence. The new proprietors, realizing fully the task to which they had put their hands, brought to it the same enterprise, energy and sagacity that would have been found essential to success in any other business. It was their purpose to publish the best newspaper in and not only that, but one which could compete successfully with the larger metropolitan dailies in the publication of news. And they suc- ceeded. When the paper passed into their hands, November, 1879, an evening edition only was issued, and comparatively little attention was paid to tele- graphic news. On the morning of the 20th of November the first issue of the morning edition appealed. The change from an evening to a morning paper was looked upon with disfavor by many of the supporters of the paper, who could see no possible chance of success in a business rivalry with the Boston dailies, 'lime, however, vindicated the wisdom of the enterprise. Full telegraphic service was obtained through the National Press Association, the editorial and reportorial force was increased and special arrangements made for early transportation over the lines of railroad to the north, and as a result the circulation of the paper throughout the State in- creased with phenomenal rapidity. In January, 1882, the national telegraphic service was exchanged for that of the Associated Press, vvith its extended facili- ties lor securing news from all parts of the civilized world. With the increase of circulation naturally came increased advertising patronage. To meet the demand lor additional space, the paper was increased ill size at various times, until it had grown from a twenty-four column to a thirty-six column sheet, and even then a double edition on Saturdays has been found necessary to meet the wants of advertisers since November 10, 1883. For nearly twenty years after the establishment of the Weekly Union, and about seven years after the daily was started, the press-work was done outside of the office. Until 1856, when Patten's building was destroyed by lire, the presses upon which all papers in the city were printed were located in the basement ofthat building. These presses consisted of two Adams bed and platen presses and a Guernsey press, the latter of a pattern that would scarcely be accepted as a gift by any live establishment to-day. liny were destroyed in tin' conflagration that swept away the offices of The Union, the Mirror and the American. After the fire S. ( '. Merrill, who carried on the coffee and spice business in a building located on YAm Back Street, in the rear of Merchants' Exchange, and hail surplus steam-power which he wished to utilize, bought and put in operation two Adams press, s, on one of which was printed The Union and on the other the Mirror. The forms of type were taken from The Union office, then in Union Building, at the corner of Market and Elm Streets, and carried on a hand-bier to the press-room, a task that was any- thing but coveted by those upon whom it devolved. Merrill subsequently built a brick block on the corner of Manchester Street and Elm Back Street, to which the press-room was removed. This block, with its contents, was destroyed by the tire of Julj . 1870 again leasing The Union office without press facilities. The press-work of the daily edition was then for a time printed on the press of ( '. F. Livingston, and the weekly forms were sent to Concord and printed on the Patriot press until the proprietors purchased a Cottrell cylinder press and placed it in Merchants' Exchange, to which the office bad been removed, ob- taining power from the Mirror engine in the basement. This press was rated at a speed id' fifteen hundred impressions per hour, though it was seldom speeded MANCHESTER. 59 faster than one thousand or eleven hundred. The Cot- trell was moved into the new building erected bj the proprietors of The Union, in 1874, on Manchester Street, where it met the requirements of the paper until it passed into the hands of the new proprietors, in 1879, when a Hoe two-cylinder replaced it. Up I" this time the old style presses had proved "I ample capacity to print the editions of the daily and weekly. But with the establishment of a morning edition of the daily, and the journalistic enterprise displayed in other directions by the new linn, the cir- culation of both papers increased so rapidly that be- fore a year had passed, the capacity of the two-cylinder press was severely taxed to meet the demands made upon it. From 1879 to this date the growth in cir- culation had been steady, far exceeding the most sanguine expectations of the proprietors, until the two- ey Under press, printing tour thousand papers per hour, was utterly inadequate. There was no alternative but to again increase the printing capacity, both in size and speed, and it was determined not only to meet pres- ent demands, but be prepared for still further increase in circulation. An order was placed in the spring of 1883 with R. Hoe & Co., New York, the greatest press-builders in the world, for a type-revolving, web- perfecting press, capable of printing thirty -two thou- sand impressions an hour, or sixteen thousand com- plete papers, printed on both sides. At the same time a new folding-machine was purchased, which cuts, pastes and folds the eight-page editions of the daily and the weekly edition. With this new machinery and an entire outfit of type, The Union office is as finely equipped as any newspaper office in New England. These improvements, however, necessitated more commodious quarters, and in February, 1884, a ten- years' lease of the east half of the Opera-House Block on Hanover Street, with privilege of purchase, was obtained. A three-story brick building, thirty-two by thirty-four, was built in the rear of the opera-house, in which is located the press-room and composing- rooms, a new engine and boiler being placed in the basement. This building having been erected es- pecially for the purpose to which it has been devoted, is admirably adapted for the different mechanical de- partments of the paper. The business office and editorial rooms are on the ground-floor of the Opera Block, and, taken all in all, it is one of the most complete newspaper establishments in New England. The first editor or editorial writer of 77c I hion as a morning daily was Henry H. Metcalf, who began his labors with the first number and closed them Oc- tober 22, 1881. He was followed by B. F. Saurman, who remained till April 22, 1882. On May 4th, of the same year, George F. Parker assumed the position, filling it till December 9th of the same year. The editorial work was provided for from several sources till the first weak in January, 1882, at which time the arrangement now in force went into Operation. Im- portant changes were made. The scope of the edi- torial work was enlarged, and the labors divided. John T. Hulme and Edward J. Burnham weri as- signed to duty in this department. < >n December 22, 1884, Mr. Burnham was transferred to the subscrip- tion and collection department, tilling also the duties of stall' corresponded . The first city editor was Edgar J. Knowlton, who remained in the position till June 5, 1880, and was succeeded by Herbert F. Eastman. Mr. Eastman fulfilled the duties till January 22, 1881, at which time John T. Hulme came to the position, holding it continuously till be was promoted to his present position. On his promotion, Henry H. Everett came to the duties of the position. Edgar J. Know [ton re- turned to the stall' as a local reporter October 20, 1884, ami December 29th of the same year succeeded to his old position as city editor. Walter E. West was first telegraph editor of the paper, filling the position till October 6, 1883, when he retired, and was followed by the present occupant of that chair, Willis T. Dodge. John B. Mills and Herbert X. Davison at present comprise the staff of local reporters. John B. Mills was in a similar capacity in the first two years of the morning paper, but retired and returned in February, 1884. True M. Thompson followed him. ami was succeeded by George F.Richards. 0. Fred. Crosby was also a local reporter for some two years. John H. Reidell attended the State news and several other departments of the paper up to January li. 1883. (In tin' formation of the new arrangement that went into force at that time, Edward J. Burnham assumed special charge of the State news ami agricultural de- partments, and also took the editorial management of the weekly edition of the paper. On the retirement of Mr. Burnham, Henry 11. Everett assumed the du- ties of the position. John T. Hulme undertook to provide for the " ex- change " work, both in the line of general and politi- cal miscellany. He also retained the musical ami dramatical assignment. Seven gentlemen have sat at the proof-reader's desk in the following order: E. D. Houston, I. I.. Rowe, E. J. Burnham, David W. Cobb, Henry H. Everett, W. H. H. H. Snow and Alvin T. Thoits. The last-named gentleman still fills the position. The longest incumbent was E. J. Burnham, who filled the position sixteen months, retiring from it to bis present place. April o, 1883, a special department, "The Vets' Budget." was added to the paper under the charge of Henry H. Everett, who still continues the work. A Grange department was also added in 1884, and came under the direction of E. J. Burnham. "The 1 ireside" was a feature of The Union when the morning daily- was started, it was under the special charge of .Mrs. L. A. Scott, who continued till December 29,1884, €0 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. when Mrs. Etta F. Shepard assumed the conduct of the department. The agricultural department numbers among its special contributors the following gentlemen: James 0. Adams, secretary of the State Board <>! Agriculture : James M.Connor,of Hopkinton; George R. Drake, of Pittsfield ; G. A. Simons, of Weare, and others. The session of the State Legislature in 1881 was specially reported for The Union by John T. Hulme. In 188?. and L885 the same gentleman took charge of the work. Regular stall' correspondents of The. Union are located at Concord. Nashua and Portsmouth. At Concord the duty is performed by True L. Norris, at Nashua by Charles S. Bussell, and at Portsmouth by Samuel W. Emery. A large force of correspondents furnish local news from all the prominent points in the State. The Granges of the State have by vote ap- pointed speeial correspondents to furnish the news pertaining to that order. Since the inauguration of the morning daily, Dana 1. Eastman has taken the press reports and furnished by far more " copy " than any other single individual. I'lie mechanical departments of the paper are in charge of the following gentlemen : Foreman of the composing-room, Frank T. Parsons; daj foreman, .1. Wilbur Fife; foreman of the press-r a, Edward H. Murphy : engineer, James Barry ; mailing and deliv- ery clerk, John N. Pearsons. The counting-room is presided over by Howard L. Kelley, who, since 1880, has attended to the manifold duties of the business office. The growth of the Manchester Union has 1 a mar- velous. In 1851 an unpretentious weekly sheet, started for the purpose of educating the people in the principles of true Democracy, a work in which its founder spent the I icst and most fruitful years of his busy life: struggling agnin-t the apathy ami indifference of men who had yet to learn the value of a newspaper and to estimate its real worth; slowly thrusting its roots down deeper and deeper into the public mind, and getting a firmer grasp upon the public confidence. from which it drew nourishment, while giving in return the best results of the facile pens and fertile brains of its editors, until to-day. grown strong and self-reliant, it takes its place among the solid and substantial institutions of the Granite State. The Union is an able exponent of the principles of the Democratic party, fearless and outspoken in its view-, and takes front rank among the leading dailies of New England. Joseph Clifford Moore.— Hon. Joseph Clifford Moore, editor of tin' Manchester Union and the finan- cial head of the Union Publishing Company, is a thorough representative of that valuable class known as self-made men. He is the second son of Dr. D. F. and Frances S. Moore, and was born in Loudon. N. H., August 22. 1845. His early education was limited to th ■ e ciinioa schools, and more or less shared with labor. Later in life, having made the best of such advantages as came within his reach, he pursued with -iicd-s a course of medical training at New York Medical College. From this training he returned to Lake Village, the business centre of the town of Oil- ford, which has been his home since he was ten years of age, and entered upon the practice of medicine in partnership with his father, Dr. D. F. Moore. This was in 1866, and from that time up to his joining in the newspaper enterprise at Manchester, in November, 1879, he followed his profession with untiring industry and gratifying success. His practice extended over a wide section, and involved long hours and much arduous travel. During this time he was also active in general business enterprises. Mr. Moore began his journalistic career without the benefit of any special training whatever, but brought to the work a clear, cool head, ripe judg- ment and honest purpose; but it was early apparent that he possessed that rare quality, " the newspaper faculty." Careful, prudent, caution- and conserva- tive by nature, he applied that faculty with con- stantly increasing shrewdness and wisdom ; so that the enterprise not only developed a remarkably rapid, but a sound and healthy, growth. Exercising good busi- ness judgment and methods, lie successfully main- tained the financial standing of the paper, notwith- st mding tin- excessive demands of a rapidly-growing plant. In shaping the tone and conduct of Thi Union, he has uniformly aimed to give it a character for independence, integrity and respectability, advancing it on the true line of progressive modern journalism. He is a ready editorial writer on political and gene- ral topics, eschews the ornamental and descriptive, and goes straight at the meat of a matter in a plain and direct style. His methods are convincing as well as terse and vigorous. Mr. M e has always taken a warm and active interest in politics, not from the selfish motives of the office-seeker, but as an ardent believer in and stanch supporter of a sound, sterling and progressive De- cracy. At the State election of 1880 he was elected a member of the State Senate from the Sixth Senatorial District, and filled the seat with credit to himself and bis constituency. He introduced and was chiefly instrumental in securing the passage of the measure which created the present State Board of Health. Always under self-command, easy and agreeable in manner, he proved to be valuable in legislative work, and was invariably relied upon to release the Senatorial body when sharp conflict of opinion led it into a jangle. Since the expiration Of this official trust his time has been given exclusively to business matters and the conduct of the Union. In January, 1885, he was unanimously chosen president of the New Hampshire Club, an organiza- tion comprising the leading business and professional men of the State, and shortly after accompanied it on a successful excursion Smth. As president of this Ux (L 2~>-i MANCHESTER. 61 body he is broad and liberal, seeking only to develop its interests and extend its influence. Dartmouth College, at the June commencement, 1884, conferred upon him the degree of A.M. Mr. Moore retains his residence at Lake Village, with his aged parents. He is married, but has no children. In manner he is easy and agreeable, and is favored with an excellent address and attractive per- sonal presence. In business affairs he is careful and conservative, and at the same time enterprising. Honorable and just in his transactions, he enjoys the confidence and respect of business men. At this writing he is in the full vigor of his powers, with the promise of a useful and successful future before him. The Farmers? Monthly Visitor, which had Keen pub- lished at Concord by Governor Isaac Hill since 1838, was suspended in 1849, but revived in this city in 1852, when Rowell, Prescott & Co. (Joseph M. Rowell, (ieorge P. Prescott, Chandler E. Potter) be- came its proprietors, and Judge Potter its editor. It was published as an octavo of thirty-two pages, and its first number was issued in Manchester, as the first number of its twelfth volume, in January, 1852. Judge Potter bought the Granite Farmer of Mr. Adams, October 5, 1853, and Dr. Crosby retired from the editorship two weeks later. In 1854 the latter was united with the Visitor, and published in folio form under the name of the Granite Farmer and Visi- tor. Judge Potter, having bought out his partners. was then the sole proprietor and editor. About a year later Lewis H. Hildreth, of Westford, Mass., a writer upon agriculture, came to Manchester and entered into negotations in reference to a paper. As a result, he and James 0. Adams each bought a third of the Farmer and Visitor, Judge Potter retaining a third and Mr. Adams' name appearing as that of the editor. Hildreth, however, remained but a few months, and about April, 1857, the. paper was -old at auction to John C. Merriam & Co. (Henry C. Adams), and it was issued. July 18, 1857, as a new paper under the name of the Granite State Fanner. Subse- quently Merriam retired, and Eenry C. Adams owned it for a while and then sold it to S. A. Hurlburt, wdio was the sole proprietor and editor— James 0. Adams then leaving the editor's chair— till the latter part of 1859, when Gilmore & Martin (William H. Gil- more, Warren Martin) bought the paper and issued it in folio form as the New Hampshire Journal of Agri- culture. Zephaniah Breed and Moses A. Cartland, both of Weare, became the editors. In 1861 the paper was sold to Francis B. Eaton, who published it till January, 1863, when he sold it to John B. Clarke, who united it with the Dollar Weekly Mirror, of which he was then the owner, under the name of the Dollar Weekly Mirror and New Hampshire Journal if Agriculture. The Qrusader was begun in Concord about 1850. In December, 1851, it was published simultaneously in Concord and Manchester, and in February, 1852, was published altogether in this city. It was not long afterwards moved to Concord, united with the Pha nix of that city and afterwards absorbed by thi \"i i Hampshire Gazette at Portsmouth. I ii 1 s ">.':, licnjamin F. Stanton and William B. Burn- ham issued, for a short time, a small sheet devoted to phonography, called the Junto Organ. A paper called the Ladies' Enterprise was begun January 1, 1854, and published for a time. In 1N54 the Stars and Stripes, a "Know-Nothing" paper, was established, and was removed soon after- wards to Laconia and absorbed in the Win,, tin:,//,. The New Hampshire Journal of Medicine was first issued at Concord in August, 1850, and was removed to Manchester in July, 1856, and continued till De- cember, 1859, when it was suspended. The New J lamps hire Journal if Education was es- tablished in January, 1857, and soon after removed to Concord. The Literary Visitor, begun January 1, L859, bj George W. Batchelder and Martin A. Hayncs, was short-lived. The True Republican was started February 4, 1859, by Benjamin F. Stanton. With him were afterwards associated Hector Canfield and Orren C. Moore. The paper was continued about a year under the titles of True Fepiihlieaii, Citij Messenger and Republican and Manchester Republican. Moore's Musical Record, John W. Moore, editor, was begun in January, 1857, and published monthly, by John W. Moore & Co., for two years. In Jan- uary, 1869, John W. .Moore. Samuel ( '. Merrill, ( 'harles Clough and Sylvester ('. Gould began the publication of the Manchester Daily News. It was soon discon- tinued. La Voir du Peuple, was begun in 1869, but was short-lived. The Labor Journal was started March 24, 1870, by Daniel S. Holt, and soon after suspended. The Public Forum, a weekly paper, was started Sep- tember 30, 1871, as a Democratic journal, by George J. Foster & Co., Joshua L. Foster being its edi- tor. It was soon after removed to Dover, its name changed to that of Foster's Democrat, and is still pub- lished there. TheNew Hump shin Journal of Music was begun January 1, 1872, by Imri S.Whitney. JohnW. Moore was its editor till the close of 1874. Discontinued. The Saturday Night Dispatch was begun Saturday, January 24, 1874, by Merritt S. Hunt. James ( ). Adams was associated with Mr. Hunt as editor and proprietor from September 1, to December 1, 1874. It was subsequently changed to Mancftester limes, and conducted by Henry II. Everett until late in the win- ter of 1883, when it was discontinued. The New Hampshire Sunday Globe was begun Feb- ruary 7, 1875, by Rollins & Kingdom Discontinued. The Manchester Weekly Budget was established HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. June 16, L883,by William M. Kendall, Jr., and David M. Ladd, by whom it is still published. The success of the Budget has been phenomenal, the circulation having reached seven thousand five hundred copies sveekly. Thesize of the paper is twelve pages, seventy - two columns; subscription price, two dollars a year. The circulation of the Budget now penetrates nearly everv village and school district in the State. 7V American Young Folks was established in 1875, and consolidated with the Buys and Girls of New Hampshire inMarch, 1882. Editor, George W. Browne, [ssued semi-monthly by the American Young Folks Company. The Echo des < 'anadiens was established July 2, 1880, with Leander Boudreau editor and Charles L. Fitz- patrick and Leandre Boudreau proprietors. Discon- tinued. I,c Bateau was established November 5, 1881. P. C. Chatel, editor and proprietor. Discontinued. Manchester Guardian was established July 14, 1883. Charles A. O'Connor, editor-in-chief. Discontinued. The Semi-WeeMy Record was started December 1, 1883, Frank H. Challis, editor and publisher. "A penny newspaper," published on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Discontinued. Notes and Queries, a magazine containing miscella- neous notes and queries, with answers, for professors and students, teachers and pupils, is published monthly by S. C. & L. M. Could. Mr. S. C. Gould manifests a deep interest in his- torical matters, and has a collection of books, pam- phlets and magazines relating to Manchester, number- ing over sixteen hundred, from 1743-1885. This collection comprises book and pamphlet lit- erature, including some of the leading magazine literature published serially. It contains the published literary efforts of former and present residents, whether native or temporary, and whether published prior to their residence here or subsequent to their departure ; also, all works relating to or published by the city. The collection also includes more or less of literature relating to Bedford, together with some relating to Londonderry and Deny, of which towns Manchester was formerly a part. The first published pamphlet in reference to Man- chester, now known, is the (Rev. Joseph Secombe) " Discourse uttered in part at Ammauskeeg-Falls, in the Fishing Season, 1739; ' Businessand Diversion in- offensive to God, and necessary for the comfort and support of human society;' " from the text. "Simon Peter saith unto them, ' I go a fishing.'" This dis- course was printed in Boston, in 1743, — one hundred and forty-two years ago, — and only five copiesare now- known to be extant. The first pamphlets to be im- printed in Manchester, now known, wire " An Address delivered at Pembroke, N. H., May 13, 1841," and 'A Historical Sketch of Bedford, N. H., a discourse deliv- ered July 4, 1841," both by Rev. Thomas Savage, A. M.. and printed at the office of Emerson >V Mur- ray, in 1841, octavos of sixteen pages each. The first book now known to have been imprinted in Manches- ter was "The Life and Adventures of Seth Wymanj Written by Himself," and printed by J. H. Gate, in 1843, a duodecimo of three hundred and ten pages, bound in cloth. This book was suppressed by rela- tives of the autobiographer, before a hundred copies were sold, and is now a scarce book. Educational.— In 17*4 the town voted a liberal expenditure for educational purposes, and in that year also the town was divided into four school dis- tricts ; but it was notuntil 1795 that a school-house was erected in "Derryfield." This primitive educational institution was built by private subscription and was located upon what was then known as the Falls road, intherear ofthe present residence of Hon. David Cross. This house was purchased by the town in 1798, and it was also voted that year to erect two additional ones. In 1809 the town was redistricted and a school-house built at the Centre. The school district system, which was originated in 1773, continued until 1868, when the city assumed control of the schools. The first teachers were, — 1791, Jonathan Rand; 1792, Edward Blodget, Ste- phen Potter and Frederick Hastings ; 1793, William White and Peter Severens ; 1794, John Tufts and Peter Severens ; 1795, John M. Laughlin ; 1796, 1797 and 1798, Samuel Moor, Jr.; 1799, Samuel Moor, Jr., and Mathew Reed. Mr. Rand was the first teacher in town of whom any record can be found. The wages paid were from eight to twelve dollars a month. The highest sum paid per month from 1791 to 1801, as appears from the selectmen's book, was " to Samuel Moor, Jr., twelve dollars for keeping school in the lower district one month." The school property now owned by the city is val- ued at over three hundred thousand dollars, and con- sits of a High Si-liool building, on Beech Street, valued at forty-five thousand dollars, and numerous others. High School.— The High School was first kept in the old building now standing on the corner of Low- ell and Chestnut Streets. The house was erected in 1841 at a cost of three thousand dollars, and was used for a district school, with David P. Perkins as the first master. Some five or six years later it was changed to a High School, and in 1867 it was moved to its present location, on Beech Street, the new building having been erected to meet the demand for better accommodations for the school. Fuaxki.in Street Schools. — The school formerly called the South Grammar S.-l 1 was originally kept in a chapel on Concord Street, from which it was moved, in 1N47, to the brick building on Park Street, built for its use. Ten years later it was transferred to its present location, on the corner of Franklin and Pleasant Streets. This building and lot are valued at eighteen thousand dollars. MANCHESTER. Spring Street Schools. — A school was begun in L848 in the brick building on Spring Street, and then called the North Grammar. Moses T. Brown was its first principal. Lincoln Street Schools.— Under the name of the East Grammar, a school was begun in 1867, in the new High School house, with two divisions, gathered from the North and South Grammar Schools. In the fall of 1868 another division was added, and in the spring of 1869 it was moved to the old Bigh School building, where a first division was added and a master was appointed. In 1871 a new house was built for its accommodation on the corner of Lincoln and Merrimack Streets, worth fifty thousand dollars, where it is now located. Ash Street Grammar Schools.— In 1874 a fine building was erected on the corner of Ash and Bridge Streets to meet the growing demand lor school facili- ties, and a grammar school was established, composed of pupils residing in the northeastern section of the city. The building is a line specimen of school arch- itecture, and is valued at fifty-eight thousand dollars. Main Street Schools, West Manchester — With the annexation of Piscataquog village, in 1853, the grammar school came under the care of the city. It was kept in the Centre Street building until 1874, when it was removed to its present location, on Main Street. An addition was made to the building in 1882 for the accommodation of the considerable in- crease in pupils. Webster Street Schools, West Manchester. —During the year 1882 a handsome school building was erected on Webster Street, between Elm and Chestnut, at a cost of seventeen thousand dollars. It is designed for scholars residing at the north end of the city. Two schools are already located there. There are other schools located on Blodgett, Bridge, Lowell, Manchester, Merrimack and Beech Streets ; also on South Main Street and School Street, West Manchester. There are a number of suburban schools. The largest of these is located at Bakers- ville. The school building was erected in lsx:: at a cost of twelve thousand dollars. Others are: No. 1, Stark District; No. 2, Amoskeag ; No. 3, Bakers- ville; No. 4, Goffe's Falls; No. 5, Harvey District; No. 6, Webster's Mills; No. 7, Hallsville; No. 8, Youngsville; No. 9, Mosquito Pond. Catholic Educational Establishments — Mount St. Mary's Academy, corner Union and Laurel Streets, is under the control of the Sisters of Mercy. This is a boarding-school for young ladies. It has been in existence lor twenty-five years, and has an average attendance of sixty pupils. The course of studies, embracing five \ ears, includes all the branches of a useful ami Christian education. Young ladies of all religious denominations are received, and inter- ference with their religious convictions is scrupulously avoided. The present superior is Rev. Mother Fran- ces Leeson. The school for boys in Park Street, taught by twelve Sisters of Mercy ; Rev. Thos. Corcoran, princi- pal. Number of scholars, about four hundred. St. Joseph's School for Inns, corner of Lowell anil Beach Streets, taught by six Sisters of Mercy. Num- ber of pupils, two hundred and fifty. St. Joseph's School for girls, comer Lowell and Pine Streets, taught by six Sisters of Mercy. Number of pupils, two hundred and fifty. The schools of St. Joseph's parish are tinder the immediate supervision of the right reverend bishop. St. Agnes' School for girls, corner Union and Spruce Sii eeis, taught by seven Sisters of Mercy. Number ol scholars, three hundred. St. Augustine's School for boys and girls, East Spruce Street, taught by Sisters of Jesus and Mary. Number of pupils, live hundred. St. Mary's School for boys and girls, connected with St. Mary's Church, West Manchester. This school has just been erected, and will be under the control of the Sisters of Providence. It will accomodate four hundred pupils. Charitable Institution*.— St. Patrick's Home and Hospital, Hanover Street, conducted by the Sisters id' Mercy. Number of orphans, sixty; patients in hospital, fifteen. St. Patrick's Home for Aged Women, Hanover Street, managed by the Sisters of Mercy. Number of inmates, fifteen. German School.— The first German School-house in the State of New Hampshire was dedicated here in 1884. It is located at the comer of Third and Ferry Streets, and is of brick, thirty-two by forty-eight in size, and two stories in height, with a flat roof. Over the main entrance, on Third Street, are two tablets of polished granite, bearing in gilt letters of German text the words, "Deutsch Schule" and the year of erection, "1884." The German School Society, to which this convenient and comfortable little edifice owes its existence, was organized August 22, 1875, mainly through the efforts of members of theTurn- verein. The State Industri m School.— The movement which resulted in the establishment of this institution was started in 1855, when the Legislature passed an tut authorizing the Governor and Council to appoint a board of three commissioners, empowered to buy a tract of land and erect buildings thereon, to provide a "house of reformation for juvenile and female offend- ers against the laws." The commissioners— the Hon. Frederick Smyth, of Manchester, the Hon. Matthew Harvey, of Concord, and Hosea Eaton, of New Ips- wich—were appointed that year, and selected, as the site for the bouse proposed, the farm which was one,' 111,' home ,,f General John Stark, two miles north of the city hall, on the east bank of the Merrimack River, containing about one hundred acres. The price paid was ten thousand dollars, and another piece of ten acres was bought soon after for a thou- 64 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. sand dollars more. The building was commenced in the spring of 1856, finished in the autumn of 1857 and furnished in the spring of 1858. Its cost was thirty-four thousand dollars ; the total cost of build- ing and land was forty-five thousand dollars. The house was dedicated on the 12th of May, L858, and occupied at that time, when the first superintendent. Brooks Shattuek, was appointed. He was succeeded, on the 20th of April, 1866, by Isaac 11. Jones. Upon his departure Edward Ingham was elected, the 17tii of May, 1870. The present superintendent, John G. Ray, was appointed on the 2d of July, 1874. The institution is now known as the Slate Industrial School, and is under the management of a board of seven trustees, by whom the superintendent is chosen, and who are appointed by the Governor and Council. A lire, on the 20th of December. 1 <>'•'* . marly destroyed the building, and the children were temporarily kej t in the buildings known as the "Stark house" and "Gamble house," which had stood near by since the early settlement of the town. During their residence in it the "Stark house" was set on fire and consumed. As soon as possible after the fire the old school build- ing was repaired and the inmates returned to it. The institution is in annual receipt of interest from the legacies of James McKeen Wilkins, of .Manchester, and M ly Kent, of Pembroke, which amount to eighl thousand and three thousand dollars respectively; also the income from Miss Louise Penhallow's bequest of one thousand dollar.-, to be expended for a library. The Manchester City Library ' was established in September, 1854, under the terms of a contract between the Manchester Athenaeum and the city of Manchester, whereby the library of the Athenaeum was transferred to the city, to be the foundation of a free public Library. The Manchester Athenaeum was established in Feb- ruary, 1*44, mainly through the efforts of Hon. Samuel I). Bell, Hon. Daniel Clark, Hon. Herman Foster. Hon. Moody Currier, David Gillit, Esq., John \. Burnham, Esq., William A. Burke, Esq., and others, with the design of founding a library, reading-r a and museum. In accordance with the liberal policy pursued by the manufacturing corporations towards the public institutions in the city, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company presented to the Athenaeum the -ii i' i of "in' thousand dollars, ami the Stark Mills and the Manchester Print- Works the sum of five hundred dollars each, for the purchase of books for its library. Donations and loans of books were also made to the library by many of the members of the association, anil accessions were made by purchase from time to time from the money derived from mem- bership and the annual tax. For the following ten years tin- library of the Athenaeum continued to in- crease in size and value till, in 1854, it numbered nearly three thousand volumes. Hon. Nathan P. in ls">4 the subject of the establishment of a free public library having been brought to the attention of the City Council by the mayor. Hon. Frederick Smyth, in his inaugural address, a committee was ap- pointed to eoiiler with the managers of the Athemeum in relation to the transfer of the library of the Athen- aeum to the city for that purpose. The matter was favorably considered by the managers of the Athen- aeum, and a proposition made by them to transfer gratuitously to the city their library and other prop- erty, to form the basis of a public library. This propo- sition was accepted by the city, and authority for the purpose having been obtained from the Legislature, the transfer of the library was made to the city in accordance with a contract, dated September 6, 1854, executed by the Athenaeum and the city, and the City Library established on a permanent basis. The contract provides that the city shall annually appropriate and pay to the trustees id' the library a sum not less than one thousand dollars, to be expended in the purchase of books and periodicals, and shall, b\ suitable appropriations, provide for the expense of maintaining the library. The control and manage- ment of the affairs of the library is vested in a board of nine trustees, of whom the mayor of the city and president of the Common Council are members « officiis. One trustee is elected annually, by joint ballot of the board of trustees and of the aldermen of the city, for the term of seven years. Thus established, the library progressed successfully until February 5, 1856, when, by the burning of Pat- ten's Block, in which the library was located, the whole library, with the exception of about six hundred volumes, — the greater part of which were odd vol- umes, — was destroyed. Immediate measures were taken by the trustees to reorganize the library and replace the books destroyed, and it was reopened to the public July '22, 18.36, in rooms obtained in Mer- chants' Exchange, but subsequently was again located in Patten's Block, when it was rebuilt in ls">7. In 1S71 the city erected a brick building for the us. of the library, upon a lot on Franklin Street, which was given to the city for this purpose by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, the cost of which was about thirty thousand dollars. In 1881 the increase of the library requiring larger accommodation, an addition was made to the library building, at a cost of nine thousand dollars. The addition nearly doubled the capacity of the library building and provided for the regular increase of the library for many years. At the date of the last report of the trustees, December 31, 1884, there were in the library about twenty-eight thousand volumes, including pamphlets, of which there are about nineteen hundred. Connected with the library is a reading-room, which is supplied with sixty-seven periodicals and newspapers, and thelibrary and reading-room are both open to the public eight hours each day and evening, except Sundays, through- out the year. MANCHESTER, 65 The late Oliver Dean, who was promiuently con- nected with the manufacturing interests of the city, bequeathed to the library a legacy of five thousand dollars, the income of which is expended by the trustees in the purchase of scientific, mechanical and technical works, and designated as the "Dean Fund Purchase." In 1872 the Hon. Gardner Brewer, of Boston, Mass., presented to the library a collection of six hundred ami eighty-three volumes of the Tauchnitz edition, uniformly ami handsomely bound, which is known as the "Brewer Donation." In 1876 lion. Moody Currier presented the library with Bohn's Standard, Classical, Illustrated, Ecclesiastical, Scien- tific and Antiquarian Libraries, and Harper's Select Family Library. To these he subsequently added a number of valuable works on ecclesiastical history, and a collection of Greek, Latin and foreign authors in the original text. The number id' volumes in this collection now amounts to eleven hundred and forty- seven volumes, which are known as the " Currier Dona- tion." Under the will >d' Mary E. Elliot, late of this city, the sum of two thousand dollars was bequeathed to the city of Manchester, to be securely invested, and the annual income thereof to be spent in the purchase of medical books and periodicals. This amount became available in the early part of the year 1885, and the income when sufficient will be devoted to the class of books indicated, which will be placed in alcoves by themselves and designated as the " Elliot Fund Purchase." A large number of other citizens have also, from time to time, generously aided in the increase and usefulness of the library by donations of valuable books and files of newspapers. The volumes in the library are well selected as to use and value, and the whole collection contains a fair representation of every department of English literature, as well as the sciences and arts. In the selection of books for the increase of the library it lias always been the policy of the trustees, while pro- viding a reasonable number of books of a more tem- porary character as the demand from the patrons of the library for the same seemed to require, to expend by far the larger part of the amount appropriated by the City Council in the purchase of works of perma- nent value. This course, pursued for so many years, has made the library one id' the most valuable in the State. The library is particularly valuable in the number of volumes relating to local history and in its till- of newspapers, many of which, if destroyed, could not iic replaced. The first Board of Trustees consisted of Samuel D. Bell, Daniel Clark, Ezekiel A. Straw, Samuel X. Bell, William C. Clarke, David Gillis and William P. Newell. In 1862 David Gillis removed from the city and was succeeded by Samuel Webber. Mr. Webber served as trustee till September, 1864, when he resigned, he also having removed from the city. the vacancj thus occasioned was tilled by the elec- tion of Phinehas Adams, who continued in office till 1876, when he was succeeded by M ly Currier. Upon the death of Samuel D. Hell in 1868, Water- man Smith was chosen to till the unexpired term, and was succeeded in 1873 by Nathan P, II mil. Upon the death of William ('. Clarke in 1872, [saac W. Smith was elected a member of the board, Sam- uel X. I'.ell resigned in September, 1879, and Lucian B. Clough was elected to fill the vacancy. Ezekiel A. Straw died in 1882 and was succeeded by Thomas L. Livermore. The present board therefore consists of Daniel Clark, William P. Newell, Nathan I'. Hunt, Lucian B. Clough, Thomas I.. Livermore, .Moody Currier and [saac W. Smith, and the mayor and president of the common council. The fust treasurer of the trustees was Samuel X . 1 held the office till he resigned in September, 1879, when he was succeeded by Nathan P. Hunt. William C. Clarke was clerk of the board from its organization till his death in April, 1872. Isaac W. Smith was, chosen to fill the vacancy in January, 1873. Mr. Smith served as clerk till January, 1876, when he resigned and Nathan P. Hunt was elected in his place. At the organization of the library Francis I!. Eaton was chosen librarian and served in that ca- pacity till September :lu, 1m;::, when he re- Marshall P. Hall was elected to succeed him. Mr. Hall served till June, 1865, when he also resigned and Benjamin F. Stanton was appointed to fill the position. The latter resigned in April, 1866, when Charles II. Marshall was elected. Mr. Marshall held the office till July 1, 1877, when Mrs. Lizzie B. Davis was elected, and resigning July 1, 1878, was suc- ceeded by Mrs. M. J. Buncher, the present incum- bent, CHAPTER V. MANCHESTER— (Continued). The Amoskeag National Bank— The Manchester National Bank— The Merchants' National Bank— The First N'atiuiinl liank— s t . - 1 vei nai flank— The Manclii'sl'-r Sa\ iii.r-l' ink -Merrimack ltivpr Savings- Bank— Onaranty Saving- I'.ank — 'I In- \ -k. :il' Sa\ in::--! lank — The People's Savings-Bank i l ■ *' ' ■ . i I: -e - The Amos- keag Manufacturing Company -ink Ml- -Mancliestei M Its— Langdon Milts— Amory Manilla, liirniu' Cimpany -Narwiski- Mills — Deary MillB— P. C. Cheney Paper d npanj ^inoskeag Paper-Mill— Manchester Locomotive- Works— Manchester Gas-Li^ht i 'uinnat y— ForBaith Manufai hiring Company other Manufactures. The Amoskeag National Bank.— The Amoskeag Bank was incorporated June 24, 1848, and commenced business, in October of the same year, with a capital of $100,000. This was increased, August 5, 1850, to $150,000, and, August 7, 1854, to $200,000. The first board of directors were elected I 1848, as follows: Richard II. Aver, Samuel D. Kill, Mace Mmilton, Stephen D. Green, John S. Kidder, Stephen Manahan ami Edson Hill. Richard H. Aver 66 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. was chosen president and M ly Currier cashier. February 14, 1853, Walter French succeeded Mr. Aver as president and officiated until his death, which occurred in a railway accident, at Norwalk, Conn., the -aine year. May 'J, 1853, John S. Kidder was chosen president and officiated until the bank was discontinued. The first and only cashier was Moody Currier. The Amoskeag National Hank was organized No- vember 1, 1864, with a capital of $100,000, which was increased, June 12, 1865, to $200,000. The first b.ard of directors was a- follows: Moody Currier, ,T.hn S. Kidder, Stephen D. Green, Edson Hill, Henry Putney, Adam Chandler, Daniel Clark, Dar- win J. Daniels and Horace Johnson. Moody Cur- rier was chosen president anil G. Byron Chandler cashier, both of whom still hold their respective offices. Hon. Moody Currier, LL.D., the present Gover- nor of New Hampshire and one of theleading bankers and capitalists of the State, has been the architect of his own fortune, and by his energy, clear business fore- sight and indomitable will, has risen from a penniless laborer on the rocky farms of Merrimack County to the present exalted and honorable position he oc- cupies among the citizens of his native State. The rudiments of his education were acquired at home, in the evening, after the day's work was done, and in this manner he fitted himself to enter Hopkinton Academy. From thence he went to Dartmouth College, where he graduated with high honors in the class of 1834. Hon. Daniel Clark, of chis city, also graduated in this class. After leaving college he taught school one term at Concord and one year at Hopkinton Academy, and then became principal of the High School at Lowell, Mass., where he remained until 1841. In the spring of that year, having, in the mean time, read law, he came to Man- chester, was admitted to the bar and formed a part- nership with Hon. George W. Morrison for the practice of his profession. This partnership continued about two years when it was dissolved, and Mr. Currier pursued his profession alone until 1848, acquiring a large and lucrative practice. During Ibis time he had developed rare skill as a financier, ami upon the organization of the Amoskeag Bank, in 1848, was elected its cashier, a position which he retained untij its reorganization as a National Bank, in 1864, when he was chosen president of the bank, and is the present incumbent. Mr. Currier lias led an active life ami has been prominently iden- tified with many of the largest ami most successful monied institutions in the city and State. He has been treasurer of the Amoskeag Savings-Bank since its incorporation in ]Xf>2, a director of the People's Savings Bank ami of the Manchester Mills since their organ- ization. He was a director of the Blodgett Edge Tool Company and a director and treasurer of the Amoskeag Axe Company. Hewasalso treasurer of the Concord Railroad in 1871 and 1872; has been treasurer of the Concord and Ports uth Railroad since 1S56; pres- ident of the Eastern Railroad in New Hampshire since 1877; treasurer of the New England Loan ( lom- pany since .1874; director of the Manchester Gas- Light Company since 1862, besides holding various other positions of trust ami responsibility, in all of which he has been eminently successful. Notwithstanding he has been actively engaged in the management of large financial operations, he has found time to indulge his taste for literary pursuits, and is one of the most accomplished scholars in the State. While a teacher in Concord, he edited a lit- erary journal and later edited and published a weekly paper in this city. His tastes have led him into the realm of poetry, and in 1879 a volume of his poems was published for private circulation. Politically, Mr. Currier is a Republican. Prior to 1852, however, he affiliated with the Democratic party, which elected him clerk of the State Senate in 1843 and LS44. He subsequently became a Free- soiler and has been a member of the Republican party since its organization. He was a member of the Senate in 1856 and 1857, and in the latter year president of that body. In 18(30 and 1861 he was a member of the Governor's Council and chairman of the committee for raising and cipiiping troops to fill New Hampshire's quota of men in the War of the Rebellion. In 1876, Mr. Currier was one of the Presidential electors who cast the vote of New Hampshire for Hayes and Wheeler. In 1884 he received the nomination of his party for the gubernatorial office, and was elected by a majority vote. There were three candidates in the field. He has been married three times, but has no children living. Mr. Currier is one of Manchester's leading and most honored citizens, and all measures tending to advance the welfare of the city have found in him an earnest supporter. The Manchester National Bank.— The Man- chester National Bank was chartered in December, 1 S44, and organized in 1845 with the following directors: Samuel D. bell, Hiram Brown, Jacob G. Cilley, Isaac c. Flanders. Walter French, William C. Clarke and Nathan Parker. At the annual meeting in July, 1845, the following board of directors was chosen : Janus U. Parker, Samuel I). Bell, David A. Bunton, Hiram Brown, Jonathan T. P. Hunt, Wil- liam i'. Clarke and Isaac Riddle. The bank began op. 'rations September 2, 1845, with a capital of Sod, 000, which was subsequently increased to $125,1 , The first officers were James U.Parker, president, and Nathan Parker, cashier, both of whom officiated during the existence of the bank. It was organized as a national bank in April. 1865, under the style of the Manchester National Hank, with I he following officers; Nathan Parker, presi- dent; Charles E. Balch, cashier; Nathan Parker, #>ow-7 C M VNCHESTER. Benjamin F. Martin, Phinehas Adams, Gilman II. Kimball, John H. Maynard, David A. Bunton and Horace P. Watts, directors. The original capital of the bant was $100,000, which was increased, April 2, L872, to $150,000. Nathan Parker, the first president, has continued as such to the present lime, and Charles E. Balch, the first cashier, remained in that position until his death, October 18, 1884. Be was succeeded bj Wal- ter M. Parker. The present board of directors is as follows: Nathan Parker, Horace I'. Watts. Phinehas A. lams, B. F. Martin, John 11. Maynard, N.S.Clark, William J. Boyt, Waltei M. Parker. The Merchants' National Bank. This hank was organized as a State hank under the nai f Citj Bank in 1853 with the following directors : Isaac C. Flanders, William < '. Clarke, Oliver W. Bailey, Samuel W. Parsons, Andrew (i. Tucker ami William H. Hill; President, Isaac < '. Flanders; Cashier, Edward W. Harrington. In 1865 the hank was converted into a national bank under the name of the City National Bank. when Hon. Clinton W. Stanley was elected president to succeed Mr. Flanders, resigned. In 1870, Daniel W. Lane was elected cashier, to succeed E. W. Harrington, deceased. The original capital was $100,000, which has been increased to $1 January, 1879, lion. James A. Weston was elected president, to succeed Hon. Clinton W. Stanley. In 1880 the name of the bank was changed to the Merchants' National Hank. The present board of directors are Hon. James A. Weston, John C. French, Hon. Nathan P. Hunt, Bushrod W. Hill, lion. John M. Parker, Hon. Charles H. Bartlett and William < '. Rogers. Officers : President, Hon. James A. Weston ; Cashier. Daniel W. Lane. The First National Bank was incorporated under the name of the Merrimack River Bank, July 14, is;,:,, Ralph Metcalf being Governor of the State. The charter was granted for the term of twenty years from July loth, and was accepted August 1st bj the fol- lowing hoard ofgrantees: William Whittle, 1 William G. Means, John B. Moore, 1 Peter P. Woodbury, 1 Frederick Smyth, William P. Newell, Timothy W. Little, 1 William Patten, 1 Isaac Tompkins, 1 Isaac W- Smith, Frederick < i. Stark, 1 John Ordway, 1 George W. Converse,' Josiah < '. Eastman, William Shep- herd, 1 D. J. Daniels. 1 C. W. Baldwin, 1 Jacob G. Ciller. 1 Alonzo Smith, 1 David Cross, Phinehas Adams. 1 Francis II. Lyford, P.. F. Martin, William Richardson, 1 Waterman Smith, Frank A. Brown, 1 Alpheus Nay, Jr., Joseph B. ('lark, John M. Parker, Henry T. Mowatt, 1 George W. Bailey, William Per- kins and their associates. The first meeting of the grantees took place at the office of Frederick Smyth, No. 1 Smyth's Block. Suitable by-laws were adopted, the capital stock, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, divided into fifteen hundred shares, and the requisite machinery lor the successful working of the new institution was provided. The first organization was as follows: Directors, William G. Means, William P. Newell, William Whittle, Waterman Smith, John 11. Moore, B. F. Martin, David Cross; President. William ( I. Means; Cashier, Frederick Smith ; Clerk, John D. [rving. The Hank of Commerce, in Boston, was selected as a place of deposit. The discount of notes was author- ized November 1, 1855, and the first loan was made to the agent of the Manchester Mills. Bj November 7lh lie capital stock had all been subscribed and paid in. In 1856 the board of directors was re-elected and in November of that year William Whittle re- signed ami Phinehas Adams was chosen in his place, and then' was no further change until 1859, when Mr. Means resigned as president, and was succeeded by B. F. Martin, who served one year, and was suc- eeeded by Waterman Smith, who c tinned until |ss4, when he was succeeded by John Frederick Smyth, the present incumbent. John Frederick Smyth was cashier of the hank from its incorporation, in is;,;,, tt, 1884, when he was succeeded by the pres- sed cashier, Mr. Charles F. Morrill. i Mi the22dof March, 1865, the stockholders voted to reorganize, under United States laws, as the First National Hank of Manchester, and the old board of Officers continued until the annual meeting in the following January, when fchej « ere re elected. The present officers and directors are as follows: Hon. Frederick Smyth, president; Hon. David Cross, vice-president; Charles F. Morrill, cashier; John P. Goggin, clerk; Directors, David Cross, Joseph B. Clark, Thomas Wheat, Frederick Smyth, F. B. Eaton, Frank Dowst, Joseph F. Kennard. The clerks in employ, in the order of time in which they are named, are as follows: John l>. Irving, now insurance commissioner, Toledo, <»hio; Samuel T. Foster, died in Was jton D. C; H. A. Viarly, banker in Boston, Mass. ; George Gage, now hank commissioner for New Hampshire; George B. Lord, now at St. Louis, Mo.; W. R. Walker, in savings-bank at Concord, N. II. ; Josiah Morrill, died while in the employ of the hank; John Porter, resigned on account of ill-health. The charter was obtained against the most strenuous opposition on the part of other resident hankers, and was re- garded as a personal triumph of Mr. Smyth. The fact once accomplished, however, all opposition sub- shied, and the business relations have ever been har- monious with his fellows. His fortunate investments ami always conservative management have gained for the hank an enviable reputation, second to none in the State. Iii in rick Smyth. — The subject of this sketch was 68 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. boi n Man h 9, I 319, in ( iandia, Rockingham I lountj His ancestors, as far as we have any record, were thrifty I'm nucrs, and be was early inured to the toils of farm- life on the homestead, in the northwest pari of thai picturesque town. The common school and the llinh Scl I gavi him all they had to give; a single term at the Phillips Academy, in Andover, Mass., completed his brief study of text-books, and hi> eilueati.ui thenceforth continued in the larger school of men and affairs. For a short time he was a partner in trade at Candia with Thomas Wheat, now a distinguished physician of Manchester. The field, however, was too limited to satisfy his ambition, and in 1839 he sought and found employment in the establishment of George Porter, Esq., who did a large business in the sale of gi ni ral merchandise in Manchester. During the days of his clerkship hi' was librarian of a reading club, of which Samuel D. Bell, John A. Burnham, John Porter and others wire members, when the Worth American A'cc/ev, tin- Simlhrrn Literary Mexxr/ii/fr, the Knirli r- bocker Magazine, etc., were placed within his reach. This appears to have been the germ of the Manches- ter Athenaeum. After about two years he entered int >mpany with John rorter, Esq.,and bought out his employer. This was the beginning of a brief but successful mercantile career, which terminated with his election as city clerk in 1849. While in trade he was very scrupu- lous in regard to his financial obligations. In the panic of 1X47 every firm doing business on the street went under, except two, anil one of those was thai with which Mr. Smyth was connected. Like others, he was compelled to trust out large quantities of goods, and was unable to command much capital. He went lo his Boston creditors, frankly told them his situation, said he did not want to fail, and so impressed I hem with his evident sincerity of purpose that they promised him all the goods and time he wanted. The event justified their confidence, and to-day no man who knows him needs to be told that his word is as good us his bond. He was elected city clerk by the usual party major- ity, and did his work so acceptably that he was re- elected by a City Council two-thirds of whose mem- bers were politically opposed to him. The American and Messenger of thai date said: "This is a com- pliment to Mr. Smyth, which has been well merited b\ lii- faithfulness and courtesy during the last year." His manifest efficiency in city affairs, and the thor- oughness with which lie mastered every detail, sug- gested his fitness for mayor, ami he was accordingly nominated and elected to that office in March, 1852. He was re-elected for two successive years thereafter, and again at a time of peculiar importance in munic- ipal affairs, in 18l>4. A distinguishing mark of his first year's administration will ever remain in the trees which adorn our parks and streets. He advo- cated an act of the < !ity < Council, which passed in spile of considerable opposition, authorizing trees to be -,-t on all the public streets, parks and lands, and ever} year since, with but feu exceptions, he has personally inspected the trees, ami notified the proper authori- ties when any of them loaded replacing. With this ^ I work some, but not all, his successors in office, have sympathized. In duly ami October ol Mayoi Smyth's first year the Whig partj lost its two great leaders, — Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, — and the attention of the citizens was called t" some fitting expression of feeling in both cases bj a brief message from the ma\ or. His first election was by Whig votes over the opposition ol' Democrats and Frec-Soilers ; hissec 1 by Whig and Free-Soil votes, and an in- creased majority ; his third with very little opposition, and his fourth with virtually none at all. During his second year the Amoskeag Fall- bridge was rebuilt, and parts of Goffstown and Bedford were annexed to the city. The most honorable monument, however, which will stand lo bis name is tin pari he took in the foundation of a free public library. In the fust instance, the conception belongs to the late Hon. Samuel I). Bell, but it is very doubtful if thai idea would ever have been realized without the activi and persistent efforts of the mayor. The city government of that day was composed of men mostly practical in their ideas, with but little faith in the ralue or necessity of literary culture. Workingmen were op- posed io all needless expenditures in city affairs, and it required tact and wise handling to get a measure which called for an annual expenditure of two thou- sand dollars, with a certainty of future increase, framed into a law, and il was largely due lo the confidence ib<\ had in their chief executive officer that they supported the measure. When Mayor Smyth was about retiring, as he supposed finally, at the end of his third year, the following resolution, offered by the Hon. S. II. Bell, March 7, 1854, was unanimously voted : "Resolved, That the thanks of the trustees of the City Library be presented to the Hon. Frederick Smy th for the early, decided and successful exert ion- made by him, as chief magistrate of the city, for the estab- lishment of a free public library." In 1855 he was appointed by I lovenior Metcalf and ( louncil chairman of commissioners to locate and build a House of Reformation for juvenile offenders, the late ex-Go\ ernor Harvey, of the United States Circuit ( Jourt, ami the late Hon. Hosea I '.a i on. being his asso- ciates. The signal success of this institution is well known to every intelligent citizen, but uian\ have doubtless forgotten thi storm of partisan obloquy through which il was piloted to popular favor. From the first Mr. Smyth thoroughly believed in it, and in his remarks at the dedication, in 1858, he said : " This institution to-day dedicated supplies a need of the Stale, that incipient Clinic may not become continued wickedness; that the jail and I he prisoi not forever harden and ti.\ what thej were designed MANCHESTER 69 to prevent." The importance of this occasion can hardly be over-estimated, if we look at the sad pro- portion of young persons on the criminal list in our own and other States. If we investigate the results of means which it is now proposed to use, that society may be saved from the curse of (heir vicious lives, and them- selves from the greater curse of mental and moral de- struction, we shall find that the cost in dollars and cents dwindles in comparison into utter insignificance. He was able, also, to announce that "the building had been completed within the amount appropriated, that no contractor had failed to perfoim his work, that not one cent of the amount had been expended except through legitimate channels and for duly authorized purposes." Governor Ilaile, in the course of his re- ply, complimented the commission upon the fidelity with which their work was done. In the years 1857-58, Mr. Smyth was a member of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature, and was also made treasurer of the Reform School, in the good management of which he took great interest. His executive ability and reputation as a good finan- cier caused him to he selected as the treasurer of the New Hampshire Agricultural Society, ami the ten years during which he held that place were years of the society's greatest usefulness. He was also a di- rector in the United States Agricultural Society, and manager of the three great fairs held at Richmond, Chicago and St. Louis by the National Association, and also vice-president of the American Pomological Society, which, under the leaded' the venerable Mar- shal P. Wilder, has done so much to improve Ameri- can fruits. Meantime, men were not wanting wdio believed in our mayor's fitness for the highest office in the State, ami in the convention which nominated Ichabod Goodwin, in ls.lO, he -tood fourth on the li-t of candi- dates. In I860 he was president of the State Repub- lican Convention, and was soon after appointed by Secretary < 'base one of the agents to obtain subscrip- tions to the national loan. In L861 he was appointed as one of the agents on the part of the United States to the International Exhibition at London, where Her Majesty's commissioners made him a juror; by the jury he was made reporter, a position which gave him some advantages not easily obtained in knowl- edge of the exhibition. He wrote some private letters home, and his impressions of matters and things abroad were published in the New Hampshire Journal of Agriculture, then under the editorial man- agement of the writer of this sketch. It was war-time, as we all know, and he wrote: " In regard to American affairs, I do not think there is a particle of danger of any interference from England, or has ever been : most people sympathize with Americans and the North, when they understand the issue." It was found on Mr. Smyth's arrival that only three of our commissioners were present, and nothing had been done to place our department in readiness. Patriotic resident Americans contributed about three thousand dollars, and work began in earnest. Very much of the favorable exhil.it we made on that occa- sion is fairly due to a few men who, with Mr. Smyth, did double duty. His position as juror enabled him to do much toward securing a recognition of the merits of goods exhibited by the Langdoii Mills, and bj the Manchester Print Works, both of which took a medal. He was also, by virtue of his place, admitted to many social entertainments, one of the most interesting of which was that given by Lord and Lady Salisbury, at Hatfields, where he met Gladstone and Disraeli, the two foremost men of England. In company with C. L. Flint, Esq., secretary of the Massachusetts Hoard of Agriculture, he visited France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy, and managed to compass a great deal of sight-seeing into a brief space of time. While at Pome, tidings from home were far from assuring, and Mr. Smyth deemed it hi> duty not to prolong his tour. He landed at New York in Sep- tember, when matters had already begun to take on a more favorable look for the Union. He was then cashier and principal financial manager of the Merri- mack River Bank, of which he is now president, and also of the Merrimack River Savings-Bank. His faith in the government led him to invest largely in bonds and to accept the charter for the bank of discount, which thenceforth became the First National Bank of Manchester. At that time few monied men or banks in town cared to follow his example, but the event justified his sagacity. Mr. Smyth's course in finance has been strictly conservative ; he has never dabbled in fancy stocks or in merely speculative matters for himself or for his bank, and the reputation thus ac- quired enabled him, as will be seen, to lift the State from a condition in which it was compelled to pay exorbitant interest to one not inferior to that of any in the Union. In May, 1863, a fair was held at Manchester in aid of the Sanitary Commission. Mr. Smyth was chair- man of the committee, and gave the use of his hall and his zealous personal eflbrts to promote its success. The sum raised was about lour thousand dollars. In the years that followed he did his best to keep up the spirit and courage of tin; people. With others, he went down to the battle-field of Gettysburg, and labored among wounded and dying soldiers, and. in consequence of exposure at the time, was confined to a sick-room all the ensuing fall. In May of the next year, however, lie again went to the front, and after the battle of the Wilderness rendered efficient aid as before. He has since received many testimonials of gratitude from men who owed, under God, their lives to him on that occasion. In this year (1803) he was again elected mayor of Manchester, under what circumstances and to what end. let another say. The Daily Mirror and Ameri- can, of November 2S, lSt.i4, in its leading editorial, said,— W HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. " A year ago this month the i rovemor and ( louncil of New Hampshire wisely recommended the towns and cities of this Stan- to cash the t rovernment bounty of $302, payable in installments, and till up their quotas. The advice was taken: It took between three and four millions ol dollars of ready monej to carry out the idea. It drained every bank, and made, for the time being, the best securities seem of no account in raising money. Manchester was in trou- ble; she needed more funds than could be had, and, with all her wealth, seemed like a beggar. ... In this eritieal condition of financial affairs the question of mayor of this city came up. The field was can- vassed .main and again, and each time the report would be ' Hon. Frederick Smyth is the man. but he won't take it.' It was a necessity that the chief executive of the city should have the confidence of business men and be familiar with financial matters. Finally, the pressure was so great that some of our leading citizens went to him ami convinced him that it was his dutj t" accept <>f the onerous ]■<■-! i i ■ > 1 1 one year. He reluctantly assented, with a distinct under- standing that he should not again be called upon for that place. Some ten years ago he was three times elected to till the office <>f mayor, each year with increased majorities, and time had shown that his municipal record grew higher and brighter as new opportunities to judge of its merits presented them- selves, ami a year ago he was elected for a fourth term without show of opposition, an event unprecedented in our municipal history, or in that of any city in the State. It was a wise choice. From the moment he took the mayor's chair harmony prevailed in every department of the city government. He is a peace- maker. He believes that a 'house divided against itself cannot stand.' and has the power of discerning almost intuitively the average sense of mankind, what is generally called common sense, ami hence is a natural leader of the people." Such was the opinion and tin- reeling concerning Mayor Smyth at home, where he was best known. But this feeling, also, had obtained to a considerable ex- tent throughout the State, ami his friends had for some time determined to present his name as a candidate for the highest office in their immediate gift. In the Republican Convention, therefore, of January, 1865, he received two-thirds of an informal ballot, which was then made unanimous by acclamation. He was elected bj a majority of over six thousand, the largest majority given to any Governor for twenty-four years. He entered upon no easy task. The State was begin- ning to tee] severely the -tress of the time. Gradually a great debt bad accumulated, regiment after regiment had been promptly equipped and sent into the held, the banks bad advanced money quite to the extent of their courage, and nearly to that of their ability. In the open market we met the gold bonds ofthegovern- ment, free from raxes; the same trouble pulsed through all the arteries of the body politic, and the [people of a State always careful and conservative in all its-, expenditures beheld with something like dismay this mountain of obligation, swollen into millions. Ir was almost impossible to get money for current ex- penses. A previous Legislature had authorized the issue of three and one-half millions of six per cent. State bonds, payable in currency ; only four hundred ami twenty-four thousand dollars bad been taken. Governor Smyth, in his brst message, recommended the issue of bonds better calculated to meet the exi- gencies of the case, and that current expenses be pro- vided for by taxation. As a matter of interest to- capitalists, he took care to set forth the resources of the State, its prudent habit in expenditures and the hostility to repudiation in every form, which oui people bad inherited from a frugal, patriotic and God- fearing ancestry. "We must," he said, "nowobservi the most rigid economy in expenditure, and bring the expenses to a peace basis as soon as possible. ( >ur people are naturally economical, and hold sacred all pecuniary obligations." He compared, in a very effective manner, the agricultural products of a State which bad hitherto borne the reputation of producing only men with Those of some of the more fertile mem- bers of the Union, to our decided advantage. He called to mind the unrivaled water-power, with its- present and prospective improvement, and urged that attention to the latent wealth of the Srate which due- regard to our prosperity demanded. Besides these matters which had to do with the imme- diate restoration of State credit, be took advanced Re- publican ground in regard to our obligations to the freedmenand to the maintenance of the authority of the national government. He indicated in a i't-w words the fact that our indebtedness bad its full compensation. "From the outbreak of the Rebellion New Hamp- shire has stood firmly by the flag; and knowing what we do to-day of the scope and aim of the great con- spiracy and of the infamous means which brought about its inception and urged on its progress, can any one regret that the State was so far true to her hon- ored name and her noble memories as to offer without stint of her name and means for the re-establishment of national authority'.' " In the first three months of his administration be raised over one million of dollars on favorable terms, a large amount of which was obtained in Manchester. From that time forward the financial affairs of the State received the most scrupulous attention. In the haste and waste of war unavoidable confusion at X in accounts between the several States aud the general government, and it was not only then impossible to pay our debts, but equally so to get our .hi.-. I rovernip]' Smyth's large acquaintance with men gave him influence ar headquarters, and he suf- fered no opportunity to pass to advocate the claims of his State. As will appear from the following extract from the Providence Journal, all States had not been so fortunate: MANCHESTER. 71 "At the close of the war he (Governor Smyth) found the suspended and disallowed accounts of thr State against the general government of over one million of dollars. These disallowanci s and suspen- sions were mainly in the expenditures growing out of earlier military operations previous to his accession to office. Governor Smyth did not busy himself to fix charges of petty larceny against one officer, or ol wholesale robbery against others. He did not assume that every man who was charged with fitting out the first regiment sent from the State had stolen all thai he could n't duplicate vouchers for on official paper. On the contrary, he urged upon the accounting offi- cers at Washington the impetuous zeal with which the State had responded to the call of the govern- ment ; he represented the impossibility of complete exactness in the accounts. Under such circumstance- he exerted himself to obtain vouchers where his predecessor had omitted to secure them, and to ex- plain their absence when they could not be procured. . . . In this way he saved hundreds of thousands of dollars to the treasury of the State, and put no stain on its fair fame." Among other things relating to the prosperity of the State, the Governor took up and advocated with zeal the restoration of the fisheries. He quoted the opinion of Agassiz and others, that our waters could he restocked at no great expense. In his second annual message he was aide to state that tie Legisla tare of Massachusetts had been induced to move in the matter. On our own part, it was provided by law of June, 1865, that no dam or weir should be erected on the ( lonnecticuf or Merrimack Rivers, or upon the Pemigewasset. Atiiinonoo-ueAVinuipiseogeeorBaker's Rivers, without suitable fishways below the bounda- ries of the State. In the following October the Gov- ernor announced, by proclamation, that the law, by its terms, was to he enforced. The attorneys of the several corporations concerned, however, on one pre- text or another, managed to delay the consummation of this useful act until a very recent period. This first year of Governor Smyth's administration was a busy one. Our soldiers were returning from the war; it was the Governor's pride to receive them with something of the enthusiasm and warmth which he felt was their due. He urged that State aid should be extended to sick or disabled soldiers, and on this ground protested a-ainst the removal of the Webster Hospital, then maintained by the general govern- ment, at Manchester. Something of this effective service in behalf of the volunteers, no doubt, pointed him out as one peculiarly fitted to serve on the hoard of managers of the National Home for disabled vol- unteer soldiers, the establishment of which, on so grand a scale, rendered State aid unnecessary. To this important place he was appointed by vote of Congress in 1866. His associates were the President, Chief Justice and Secretary of War, ex-officio ; -Major- General B. F. Butler: Major-General John H. Mar- tindale, Rochester, V Y.; Hon. Louis 1;. Guncl ■ I Dayton, Ohio; General Thomas 0. Osborn, Chicago, 111.; Hon. Hugh L. Bond, Balti re, Md.; In Er: tus 1'.. Wolcott, .Milwaukee, Wis.; .Major-General John S. Cavender, St. Louis, Mo.; Major-General .lames S. Negley, Pittsburgh, Pa. Governor Smyth was one ol' the \ ice-p residents of the hoard. He was reappointed in 1872 l"i' a second term of six years. Acting on his oftcn-expn ssnl idea that no man ought to take an office of the kind unless he was willing to devote to the discharge of his duties all the time and effort required, he ha-- been a very efficient manager, traveling many hundred miles annually on visits of inspection at Dayton, Milwaukee, Hampton ami Au- gusta, and to lie present at meetings of the hoard in Washington, besides giving his personal attention to the admission of soldiers to the Eastern Branch, all this without other compensation than that win h arises from a consciousness of duly done. General B. F. Butler, in a letter written from Boston, sa id, not long since: " I know I shall echo the opinion of all his associates when I say Governor Smyth was one of the most valuable members of the board. I lis accurate business knowledge, the skill and ability displayed by him in adjusting complicated accounts, caused the board to put upon him more by far than his share of such work. General Gunckel, of Dayton, Ohio, said: "Every one who visits these Homes recognizes the peculiar fitness of the selections made, especially for the Cen- tral and Northwestern Branches; but few people even in Ohio and Wisconsin knew how largely this result, as well as the saving of thousands of dollars in the purchase, was due to the taste and judgment, the Yankee tact and shrewdness, ol' New Hampshire's ex- Governor. In the management and control of an institution caring for eight hundred disabled soldiers, and expending a million and a quarter annually, there wat especial need of just such a man as Governor Smyth, and I do not exaggerate when I say that through t he watchfulness and care, the courage and determination, of Governor Smyth, thousands, yes, tens of thousands, of dollars were saved to thr govt rn- menl and people.'' An extract from an address of Governor Smyth, at the Dayton Home, in 1868, shows somewhat of the spirit he brought to the discharge of his duties. It was on the occasion of laying the corner-stone of the Veteran Soldiers' Chapel, — "This little church which we quarry from this beautiful stone, and begin to build here to-day. is a token of allegiance, a signet of loyalty, both to the rightful authorities of the land and to the Supreme Ruler over all. The best and truest citizen, the world over, is he who first discharges his duty to hi- < (od, and under Him to the laws of the land. A memorial like this holds out no threat and con- veys no taunt to a vanquished foe; it says as it means, — peace to all who will have peace, — but as a Bymbo] :■ HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. of the highest authority, it also proclaims a law to I beyed. Liberty without law is worse than worth- less, for it means the liberty of the mob and of riot, and by it the weak are oppressed and the poor made poorer yet. . . . But I hope that this building .also Hill convey to you the idea that the four cold bare walls of an asylum is not all that the country owes or will give to its defenders. She recognizes, let us all hope and believe, the hand of an all-wise God in every act of this great drama, while com- pelled to take the sword to preserve a liberty unsul- lied by violence and law made with regard to the i ery man. she oiler- to her citizens, e\ ery- where, a fireside safe from intruding wrong, and a •wor>hip and a Bible free to the humblest." In September, 1865, the Xew England Agricultu- ral S icietj held its annual session in Concord. Gov- ernor Smyth delivered the address, and among other distinguished gentlemen present upon the platform were the late Governors Andrew, of Massachusetts, and Buckingham, of Connecticut. In his introductory remarks, Governor Smyth said: •■ 1 cannot claim to teach you as a practical farmer, but I can claim to have made a constant endeavor, in my humble way, to kei p alive agricultural enterprise and to stimulate agricultural investigation. It has always been my firm conviction that the safety of the State and the prosperity of the people require as a foundation an intelligent knowledge of agriculture ; and while I have been obliged to admire the practical operations of others, and to search in fields not of my own for the results of well-managed experiments, I have learned to respect the ureal art which feeds and clothes us, and secures for us all the comfort and beauty of adorned and civilized life upon a subdued and cultivated earth." The address, as a whole, was received with very marked favor, and the-volume of the Society's Transactions" in which it was pub- lished met with a large sale. In some remarks following, Governor Andrew . toi^k occasion to thank the speaker tor his eloquent words, and called tor cheers, first for "His Excel- lent, Governor Smyth, and next for Governor Smith's address." During this ami the succeeding year he gave many brief talks at county and other fair-, always evincing the liveliest interest in the welfare of the State. At Milford, in the course of his remarks, he said: " I know it is often said that 'Xew Hampshire is a good State to emigrate from,' ami perhaps it i- generally believed that our young men can better their fortunes by turning their backs upon their mother State and seeking elsewhere for larger returns and richer rewards for their labors and enterprise. For one, I do not share in this feeling. I believe thai ours is no- only agood State to he born in, hut a good State to live in, and to die in, and that one great concern of the fathers and mother- should be to awaken in the hearts of their sons and daugh- ters a feeling of attachment and affection for, and of pride and interest in. the homes of their childhood and the State of their fathers." In 1876 he deliv- ered the annual address at the Vermont State Fair, in St. Albans. At the end of his first year his nomination for a second term followed as a matter of course. A Con- necticut paper, in advocating the election of General I law ley, said : "Xew Hampshire, in her State elec- tion of the 13th iust., has nobly led the way in re- electing her patriotic chief magistrate by so hand- some a majority, considerably larger than was given Mr. Lincoln in 1SG4;" and it also quoted, with marked approval, that passage in his message beginning "The question of negro suffrage is one of those de- fenses behind which slavery will yet entrench itself, and by which it will seek to regain some fragment of lite power it has justly lost. " Tin- second year of Governor Smyth's administra- tration was in all respects as satisfactory as the first. The State debt was funded at a lower rate of interest than was offered by the general government. The revision of the statutes, the reorganization of the militia, measures looking to the restoration of fish to our waters, and the publication of ancient State papers tire among some of the matters of general interest. I have before me an autograph letter from the late Rev. Dr. Bouton, thanking the Governor in the most complimentary manner for the interest he had manifested in the preservation of these important papers. i Ine very pleasant incident id' the year was the visit of scholars aid teachers of the public schools of Manchester, on the Governor's invitation, to the State institutions at Concord. On twooccasions dur- ing In- occupancy of the i fovernor's chair he spoke at the dinner of the Xew England Society in Xew York, in brief but effective efforts, which were received with emphatic demonstrations of applause. So sir cessful was the administration that, contrary to precedent, many of the most influential and re- spectable journals of the State, among which were ili.' National Eagle, the Concord Statesman, the Dover Enquirer, the Portsmouth Journal and the Keene Senti- nel, advocated his nomination for a third term. The Governor, however, declined to be considered a candidate, and his letter to that effect was published in the Statesman in January, 1867. A brief extract or two from some of the papers of the day will serve to show the assumptions of this sketch, not unwar- ranted by public opinion : Said the Boston Journal: "Governor Smyth's ad- ministration has been highly successful, not only in a financial point of view, which is demonstrated by statistics, but in all other respects." The ( fa Bulletin: "He has been as vigorous and careful of the interests of the people, as if those concerns were personal to himself, and successfully sought so to manage the financial affairs of the State that its credit stands as well as any other commonwealth." [ANCHESTER. The Daily Monitor: "To-day Governor Smyth resigns his trust with the proud consciousness of leaving nothing uncertain or unsettled which diligence, busi- nes> tact and untiring zeal could close up and ar- range, nor has Governor Smyth's administration been merely a financial success ; he has neglected no single public interest; himself a practical example of all the virtues which constitute a good citizen, he has interested himself in every movement which looked to the welfare of the community and the promotion of industry, temperance and g I morals among the people." It is a signilicaiit tact that in a time of much party feeling the Governor was able to say, in his vale- dictory : " Whatever may have been the difference of opinion among us, there has been no factious opposi- tion from any source to measures necessary for the public good, but I have uniformly received the hearty co-operation of all parties in this difficult work.'' Only once during his two years' administra- tion did he consider it necessary to interpose his veto. and the House sustained him, one hundred and thirty- two to six. Another fact indicative of confidence in ili executive was the appropriation, on motion of a distinguished political opponent, of fifteen hundred dollars to defray expenses incurred while on business for the State, and for which he had refused to take anything from the contingent fund. The appropria- tion was advocated by leading men of the opposition ami unanimously voted. It was also declared by one of the journals "that no hostile criticism had been made from any source upon the conduct of affairs." It was extensively quoted, and, as far as I am aware, has never been contradicted. Mr. Smyth now found it expedient to devote his time to the interest of the banking institutions of which mention has been made, and to his personal business affairs. In 1876 he was an active member of the Constitu- tional Convention, when several important amend- ments were made to the State constitution, including the removal of the Religious Test Act. One of his marked characteristics is an unwearied industry, and it seems to be the opinion that one who does much can always find time to do more. Among tin appointments he still holds are the following: president and director of the Concord Railroad, trustee and treasurer of the New Hampshire College ■of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, director and treasurer of the Manchester Horse Railroad, direc- tor of the National Agricultural Society, vice-presi- dent of the American Pomological Society, president of the Northern Telegraph Company, president of the Franklin Street Congregational Society, trustee and treasurer of the Northern Telegraph Company, president and manager of the First National Bank of Manchester, trustee and treasurer of the Merrimack River Savings-Bank. In 1866 the faculty of Dart- mouth College i onferred upon him the d< gree of A.B. In the spring of 1878 he was appointed by Presi- dent Hayes one of the commissioners on the part of the United States for Now Eampshire to the Inter- national Exhibition at I'aris. He left horn,', accom- panied by his wile, in April, ami reached Paris, after a lew days in London, early in May. On the 1 1th of that month they left I'aris lor an extended tour, visiting the principal points of interest in I Holy Land, Turkey ami i Ireece, returning, by way of Italy, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium, Austria and Germany, to l'an- in September. Some interesting extracts from private correspondence were published in the Minor owl Fnnncr, in lime -< ■ o I which the condition and work of the American Missions was spoken of. He was much impressed with the value ofthiswork to the growing civilization of Eastern nations, ami has frequently expressed bis opinio,, to that effect in various addresses since his return. Ex-Governor and Mrs. Smyth worn the recipients of many attentions iron, ministers and consuls res- ident abroad, particularly at Constantinople and Athens. At Paris they were among the lew invited guests at the dinner of the Stanley Club to I r< ' Grant, and were also present at the reception given by the American Legation to " General and Madam Grant." Witha trio of other ex-Governors, Haw- b\ , Hoffman and Fenton, — he was made an honorary member of the Stanley Club. Soon after the return of Mr. and Mrs. Smyth from this foreign tour they visited Cuba and Mexico. The Mexican trip was exceptionally agreeable Iron, the fact they were invited to join the party ol Hajoi General Ord, and so were made guests of the repub- lic. A banquet was given their party at Vera I ruz at which General Lrevino, son-in-law of General Ord, ami mam distinguished oliicials were present. The trip to the city of Mexico by rail was accompanied b) a guard of honor, and they had every facility for see- ing all that was most desirable in the ancient capital of the Aztecs. Mrs. Smyth, particularly, was the re- cipient of many attentions from the COUrl 1; officers. As souvenirs of this journey they brought home quaint specimens of Mexican manufacture, onys tables, feather-work, images of street occupations, etc., —to add to the interesting collection at the Willows. In December, 1882, ex-Governor and .Mrs. Smyth sailed again for Europe in the royal mail steamship " Sen ia." spent Christmas near London audi he New dear's day in Paris. From Paris they journeyed leisurely through Switzerland in a season memorable for destructive Hoods in the valley of the Rhone, and went by the Mt. Cenis Tunnel to Turin and Genoa. I | ..„ thi ace to Sh e, Marseilles, and by the ' lulf of Lyons across the Pyrenees to Barcelona, in Spain. In that country they spent si ■ time, visiting Sara- gossa, Madrid, Toledo. Cordova, Grenada, Malaga. Seville and Gibraltar. From Gibraltar thi over to Tangiers, on the African coast, and returning. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE took ship lor Malm ami Alexandria. This latter city was halt' in ruins from the recent British bombard- ment. From Cairo they ascended the Nile to the first cataract, passing through Lower, Middle and Upper Egypt to Nubia, visiting on the way the old temples and tomhs of Denderah, Luxor, Karnac, Thebes, Assouan and other famous places. Tien alter visiting the battle-field at Tel-el-keber, thej passed through the Suez Canal and landed at Jaffa, the ancient Joppa. Alter visiting the principal points in the Holy Land, — Jerusalem, Jericho, the Jordan and theDead Sea, etc., — they wenton, via Tyre and Sidon, to Beirut, Damascus and the ruins of Baalbec, Cyprus and Antioch. Fromthence by steamer along the coast of Asia Minor, touching at Troas, Smyrna, Ephesus and oilier places, they reached Constantinople. After an interesting stay of some day sthey crossed the 1 Slack Sea to Varna, and went through Bulgaria and Rotimania to Bucharest. From thence, through Hungary, Austria, Bavaria and Germany, returning to Paris. During this trip, as on other occasions, thej re- ceived numerous attentions, and Governor Smyth had an interesting interview with the Khedive. They brought home many articles of value, curiosi- ties and special manufactures of the countries visited. ( >n this occasion, also, tin 1 ( rovernor madea successful ascent of the great pyramid and explored the labyrinth within. This occurred on the last day of his sixty- third year. In February, after their return, Governor Smyth presided at a very large meeting in Smyth's Hall which was addressed bj Hon. John E. Redmond, M. P. for Wexford. Ireland. He introduced the elo- quent " Home Ruler " in a brief speech, saying thai In- believed in " Your purpose to raise up the lowly and oppressed and weaken the bonds of the oppressor," and sharply arraigned England for her course in Ireland as well as in other Lands, as he had observed it when abroad. In September of the same year Mr. Smyth tend- ered a reception to the Hon. James G. Blaine, the Republican candidate for the Presidency. A dinner was given at the Willows, on Thursday, September 4th, when Mr. Blaine met some of the most distin- guished citizens of New Hampshire, and in the even- ing the house and spacious grounds were brilliantly illuminated and thrown open to visitors. A fine mil- itary hand occupied a position on the lawn, and il was estimated that fullj ten thousand people passed into see the candidate. At this very time, and in the midst of all this joy and popular acclaim, a shadow was settling over the two lives which for forty years had been as one. The beautiful lady of the house, who that night and day had entertained Iter guests with all her old-time in- terest and vivacity, was within a t't_-K days stricken with a fatal illness. To so large a degree had Mrs. Smyth been identified with her husband's public career and success that no sketch of the life of one of the most eminent citizens of New Hampshire would be complete without mention of her. I. mil- (Lane) Smyth was horn in Candia, July 22, 1822, and was the daughter of John Lane and Nabbj (Emerson) Lane and the granddaughter of Colonel Nathaniel Emerson, who fought under Stark at Bennington. Her father was a man of prominence in town. She was a near neighbor to her future husband, and was a bright and ready scholar in the schools of the district ami in the town High School. Her school-days were completed at a young ladies' seminary in Charlestown, Mas.-., and -he taught school for several terms thereafter in Candia. Chester and Manchester with marked success. She was mar- ried December 11, 1*44. and brought to her vuw position some most admirable qualities. Her excel- lent good sense, intelligent comprehension of public affairs, vivacious manner, rare personal beauty and entire freedom from tmy affectation of pride ua\e In i at once a popularity which, widened and extended as her husband's success introduced her into other circles. Receptions given by Governor Smyth at Concord, in which she was so conspicuously charm- ing, are still remembered as among the leading social events of the State, and she has entertained at her hospitable board some of the most distinguished peo- ple in the United States, including Chief Justice Chase. Chief Justice Waite and his family. President Hayesand wile, the wife and daughter of General and President Grant, Vice-Presidents Colfax and Ham- lin, General Chamberlain, of Maine; Henry Ward Beecher and wife, and < ieneral Butler has been a fre- quent guest. At home and at ease in the highest circles -be was nowhere more delightful and more engaging than in the houses of her old neighbors, to whom -In/ was a perpetual joy. Industrious and possessing great ability, she has accomplished much during her life-time that counts for truth and good- ness. Her ear was ever open to the call of distress, and she was one of the most efficient workers in the various benevolent organizations of our city and State. That the impression Mrs. Smyth made upon per- sons of both sexes and of all stations in life was no passing and ephemeral effect, is shown by the letters of a memorial volume printed for private circulation only, but which contains most remarkable testimony to her character ami worth. Governor Smyth fully appreciated the worth of his helpful companion, and for nearly forty years their mutual devotion was a noble example of the beauty and sacredness of the marital relation. Her health had for the most part been so good, and her manner was always so hopeful and cheery that no immediate alarm was felt at hei Con- dition. A i'rw weeks, however, developed fatal symptoms, and in spite of all that the best medical science of the country and the care of skillful nurses could do, Mrs. Smyth died 'January 14. 1885. The obsequies at the Franklin Street Church called out y^caj /2un?&y MANCHESTER. an immense concourse of people eager to bring tributes of affection and to < l< > honor to the lovely character of the departed. Fur many years Mr. Smyth has had an extensive acquaintance with the public nun of the time, li will be remembered that six months prior to Mr. Lincoln's nomination for the Presidency he intro- duced him from the platform in Smyth's Hall as the next President, and with Mr. Lincoln, and iu after- days with his great war minister, Stanton, he was <>n most friendly terms. His conservative course in finance, his reputation as a safe adviser and his general good judgment on public affairs has caused his counsel to be often sought in high quarters. A truth which forms a large part of every man's experience oughl never to lose its freshness. There is no royal road to success. Ex-Governor Smyth has had the advantage of good health, a sound constitu- tion and great power of endurance; but he is one of the must industrious men in the State, and the means l.\ which he has achieved his position are open to every young man of equal energy, sell-denial, high aim and conscious rectitude of purpose. Some of the results which he set himself to attain were beset with difficulties ; but he was not discouraged by op- position or disheartened by delay. The Second National Bank was chartered in L877. The tirst board of directors, which has u0 ( changed since, was as follows : Aretas Blood, Josiah Carpenter, Frank P. Carpenter, John Hoyt and N. S. Bean. Mr. Blood was elected president and Josiah Carpenter cashier, positions which they still occupy. The bank has a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. \i:i i \- Blood, son of Nathaniel and Roxellana ( Proctor) Blood, was born in Weathersfield, Vt., ( (ctober 8, 1816, When he was but three \ ears of age his parents removed to Windsor, Yt., where he remained until sev- enteen years of age, improving the meagre advantages afforded by the common schools of those days. He was then apprenticed to the trade of blacksmith, which he worked at about two years and a half and then became a machinist. In 1840 he journeyed to Evansville, lud., where he worked at his trade until June 17, 1841, when he started eastward in search of employment. He stopped at city after i ity, but each time was disappointed in his hopes. He traveled on, however, still in quest of work, and it was not until he reached North Chelmsford, Mass., that he found employment for his ready and willing hands. After .. maining here a short time he subsequently went to Lowell as a machinist in the Lowell Machine-Shop. Here he remained seven years and then went to Law- rence, where he commenced the manufacture of ma- chinists' tools for the large machine-shop then in pro- cess of erection at that place. Here tl haracter of the man asserted itself. His ability demanded greater SCOpe, and s< alter he assumed the management of the establishment there and began the manufacture, by contract, of tools, turbine-wheels, locomotives, stationary engines, etc. His untiring energy had at last found its reward. He was master of the business. September 7, 1853, he ca to Manchester and estab- lished the Vulcan Works, under the name of Bailey, Blood & Co., for the manufacture of locomotives. Business was first c< neneed in Mechanics' Row, but in the spring of 1854 buildings were erected on the present location and in the same year the company was incorporated as the Manchester Locomotive- Works, witli Oliver W. Bailey as agent. He was succeeded in 1857 by Mr. Blood, who has since resided in Manchester and has given Ids personal supervision to the business. The locomotive-works are located on Canal Street and cover about six acres. The machine-shop is a substantial building, parallel with Canal Street, two stories in height, four hundred ami thirty feet in length and eighty-four in width. The wood-shop is also a two-story building, one hundred feet long and forty feet wide; the blacksmith-shop is three hundred and sixty-live feet long and fifty feet wide; the boiler- shop, two hundred and five feet long and fifty-two feet wide. There is also a large brick building, two hundred and thirty by thirty-six feet, for making brass cast- ings ami building steam lire-engines. In the spring of 1872, Mr. Blood purchased the steam lire-engine business of the Amoskeag Company, good-will, pat- ents, etc., and now manufactures the "Amoskeag Engine," which is the old engine in name only, -as it has been entirely remodeled and is now one of the most complete, perfect and efficient engines manufac- tured. There are now over six hundred and fifty of these engines in use. Here are also built all kinds of hose-carriages, tire apparatus, etc. Mr. Blood has proved one id' the most successful locomotive-builders in the country, twelve hundred and twenty-three having been turned out at these works. A thorough machinist and a man capable id' handling a large force of men and conducting large business operations, he has commanded success, and the Manchester Locomotive- Works are one of the repre- sentative institutions of manufacturing NV« England. Mr. Blood is also a director in the Ames Manufac tilling ( lompany, of ( Ihicopee, .Mass. ; president of the Globe Nail Company, of Boston ; and treasurer of the Nashua Iron and Steel Company, which is doing the largest business of its kind iu New England. He was a director in the Merrimack River Bank from I860 till its name was changed to First National Bank, in 1865, and until 1868 a directur of the latter ; was a director in the Manchester National Hank from 1874 till 1877, and from 1X77 to present time has been president ol I he Second National Bank. September 4, 1845, he united in marriage with Miss L. K. Kendall, and their family consists of t \\ . . children,— Nora, wife of Frank 1'. Carpenter, of this city, and Emma, who resides with her parents. 76 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Politically, Mr. Blood is a Republican. His first vote was cast for i reneral Harrison, but lie has been a member of the Republican party since its organiza- tion, although never an active politician. He has been twice elected alderman, and was chairman of the electors who cast New Hampshire's vote for Garfield and Arthur. The Manchester Savings-Bank was chartered Julys, 1846, and organized with Samuel I). Bell president and the following board of trustees: John A. Burnham, Daniel Clark, Herman Foster, Nahum Baldwin, George Porter, David Gillis, William P. Newell, Hiram Brown. Nathan Parker was chosen treasurer and has held the office to the present time. Mr. Bell resigned in 1*47. and the succeeding presi- dents have been as follows: Hiram Brown, William P. Newell and Hon. Daniel Clark. The [.resent trus- tees are as follows: Nathan Parker, Charles F. War- ren, B. F. .Martin, Charles Wells, W. M. Parker, Charles I>. McDuffee and Stephen X. Bourne. Present amount of deposits, tour million live hundred thou- sand dollar-. The Merrimack River Savings-Bank was incor- porated June, 1858, under the name of the Manches- ter Five-Cent Savings Institution, and the charter was issued to the follow ingboard of grantees : Phineas Adams, Joseph B. Clark, John Ordway, Warren Paige, 1 Waterman Smith, John L. Kelley, George Porter, B. F. Martin, Daniel Clark, Harry Leeds, Frank A. Brown,' Samuel Upton, John I',. Chase. C Sackrider, 1 Daniel W. Fling, Brooks Shattuck, 1 David Gillis, John H. Goodale, William Crane, Henry T. Mowatt, 1 Stephen Palmer, Ezra Huntington, Calvin Boyd, Josiah S. Shannon, John B. < llarke, l>a\ id ( Iross, John M. Parker. George Thompson, Frederick Smith, Charles II Campbell,' George W. Thayer, Charles C. Parker, F. B. Eaton, .lames M. Varnum, Thomas ( ,. Holbrook, 1 1!. V Batchelder, James S. Cheney, 1 Israel Dow, Ebenezer Ferren, Isaac Kiddle, 1 M. O. Pears. .n. W. W Leighton, Thomas Wheal. F. W. Harrington, 1 Varnum II. Hill, 1 Alonzo Smith.' William Richardson ' and their associates and successors. In 1865 the name was changed by act of Legisla- ture to that which it now hears. The first meeting for the adopti f by-laws, choice of officers, etc., ua- held July 14, 1858, and the following board of officers chosen: President. Waterman Smith; Vice-Presi- dents, F. W Han iiijimi i o.ii-e Porter; Treasurer ami Clerk, Frederick Smyth ; Trustees, B. F.Martin, Joseph II. clark, Isaac W.Smith, William B. Web- ster, F. A. Brow N, ( leorge Thompson, Petei S. Brow a, Frederick Smith, Josiah S. Shannon, John I.. Kelley, James M. Varnum, Alonzo Smith, Thomas Wheat, Warren Paige, Albe C. Heath. F. S. Peabody, John B. Clarke. Joseph A. Haines. The first deposit wasmade August 2, 1858. The business has been transacted in the rooms oc- cupied by tin; First National Hank, and its details at- tended I., by the clerks employed in that institution. Waterman Smith remained president until 1884, when he was succeeded I >y Hon. Frederick Smith, the present incumbent. Hon. Frederick Smyth continued as treasurer until 1884, when, upon assuming the presi- dency of the bank, he was succeeded by C. F. Morrill. The present members of the corporation are as fol- lows: Jos. B. Clark, Waterman Smith, Jno. L. Kelly, George Porter, B. F. Martin, Daniel Clark, Henry Feeds, Samuel Upton, John 11. Clarke, Daniel W. Fling, David Gillis, John H. Goodale, William ( Irane, Stephen Palmer, Ezra Huntington, J. S. Shannon, David (.'toss. John M. Parker, George Thompson, Frederick Smyth, F, I'.. Eaton, James M. Varnum, Ebenezer Ferren M.O.Pearson, W.W. Leighton, Thos. Wheat, Joseph Kennard, Joseph L. Stephens, E. M. Toplilf. A. J. Lane. Charles Williams, John Porter, C. F. .Morrill. T. L. Livermore, G. 1'. Whitman, John H. Andrews, A. W. Quint, John I'. Goggin. President. Frederick Smyth: Vice-Presidents, Joseph I'.. Clark, F. I'.. Eaton ; Treasurer and Clerk C. F. Morrill. The amount of deposits, January 1, 1885, were $1,882,825.38. Guaranty Savings-Bank was incorporated in 1879, with the following incorporators: Nathan P. Hunt, Robert M.Shirley, William P. Fatten. II. K. Slay- ton, Alonzo Elliott, James A.Weston, Jess,. Gault, J. W. Hihlreth, Horace Pettee, George W. Weeks, Junes f Briggs, George A. Bailey, John C. Ray, Patrick A. Divine and Hums H. Pike. The first offi- cers were as follows: President, John M.Parker; Treasurer and Clerk, James A. Weston. The present amount of deposit is six hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The first board of trustees wvie . lames A. Weston, Alonzo Elliott, Nathan P. Hunt, John P. Moore. David A. Parker, Patrick A. Deviiie. Hiram K. Slayton, John Kennard, BushrodW. Hill. Present board of trustees are John M. Parker, Alonzo Elliott, Nathan 1'. Hunt. John I'. Moore, David \. Darker. John Kennard, Hiram K. Slayton, Bushrod W. Hill. James A. Weston. The Mechanics' Savings-Bank was organized in ]s77. with the following trustees: Arctas Blood, Josiah Carpenter, Frank P. Carpenter, N. S. Bean and George Dodge. Mr. Blood was the first presi- dent, and was succeeded by Henry E. Burnham on October 1. 1880. Mr. Josiah Carpenter has been treasurer from the beginning. There are aU.. t».. saving-banks— -the People's and the Amoskeag — located in the Amoskeag Bank building. The Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, one of the largest corporations in New Fnglan. rated under its present name in 1831. ing, however, had been carried on at this point with indifferent success since 1809. In that \ ear Benja- min Pritchard, who had built the first cotton-mill in was mcorpo- Manufactur- MANCIIFSTKIt. 77 New Hampshire, in New Ipswich, in 1803, came to Amoskeag Falls, and, in company with Ephraim, David and Robert Stevens, built a small mill at Amoskeag village. In the following year these en- terprising men organized a stock company under the name of the Amoskeag Cotton and Wool-Factory. The first move in this direction was as follows : "We, the Subscribers, Owners & proprietors of a large Tract of Land in Goffstown, in the county of Hillsborough, Joining on Amoskeag falls, in the Merrimack liver, with the water privilege Sufficient f,.r carrying on the Manufacturing of cotton & wool at all Seas.ms of the year, an.l having began the works by cutting a Canal for Carrying the water, erecting Buildings Convenient fur Said factory, & preparing a consider- able part of the Machinery, have agreed to form a Company for improv- ing Said privilege, by dividing the Same into one hundred Shares, by receiving from Said Company a fair price for the privilege, and the La- bour Expended, which, if not agreed upon by Said Sui Company, to be apprised by men appointed by Said parties, and a Good Title by the Subscribers. " Signed by Ki'iiuAiM Stevens, ' Bl V IN. I'HICHARD, ' Kobekt & Davip Steve •Gutfstown, .laliuari 1Mb, 1 To this paper was attached a caption of a subscrip- tion and signatures as follows : "We, the Subscribers, Agree to take the Several shares in the above mentioned privilege & factory annexed to our names, respectively, agree- able to the above proposals. Shar.-s ' Benj'n Prichard, Goffstown . James Parker, Bedford . . . William Parker, Bedford . . Jotham Gillis, Gofistown . . . William Parker, Jr., Bedford William Walker, Goff6town . Ephraim Harvill, Bedford . . Samuel P. Kidder, Goffstown . Bobt. McGregore, Goffstown . Joseph Richards, Goffstown . Seth Bartlett, Goffstown . . . Ephraim Stevens, Goffstown . David L. Morrill. Goffstown . Isaac Hardy, Goffstown . . . Hoses Hall, Gutfstown .... Benjamin AUcock, Bedford . Alenson Prichard, Goffstown . Elnathan Whitney, Goffstown David Sargent, Goffstown . . John G. Moor, Manchester . The following notice was then issued: "Notice is hereby given that a meeting of the proprietors of the Amoskeag Cotton ,v wool Factory will be holden at Col. Robert Mc- \v,,li,, -,l;i\. tin- a lo of January instant, at one of the clock. P M . f<>i tb" purpose <>f taking into consideration the regulation ,f >,,! , I ., • v. , i.|..i.i' ..if shares not sold. All persons who wish to become proprietors are requested to attend, when and where they may "Benj'n Prichaiii>. " Goffstown, Jannarj II January 31, 1810, the company organized with Joseph Richards, of Goffstown, as president, and Jotham Gillis, of Goffstown, as clerk. March 2. 1810, Messrs. Ephraim and Robert Ste- vens executed a bond to this company, agreeing to keep their dam in repair, and to furnish the "Wool and Cotton Manufactory " a certain quantity of water at all seasons of the year. The first mill was put in operation in 1810, but it was without pickers or looms. The cotton was picked and the yarn woven in the neighborhood. It is said that a smart weaver might earn thirty-six cent- per day! This company was not successful, and after 1815 little was done until lsi>, when the majority of the stork was purchased by Dr. Oliver Dean, Lyman Tiffany and Willard Sayles. Dr. Dean was made agenl and from this time forward manufacturing tit this point has been a continued suci July, 1831, the presenl company was incorporated, it having up to this time been a private enterprise. July 13th, the act was accepted, which allowed a capital of one million dollars, and on the following daj the first officers of the new corporation were chosen: Lyman Tiffany, president ; Lyman Tiffany, Ira Gray and Willard Sayles, directors ; Ira Gray, clerk ; ( (liver Dean, agent and treasuna-. With Larned Pitcher, these were the five men who accepted the charter on the evening of July 13, 1831. The property of the old firm (says Mr. Clarke, in his excellent "History of Manchester") was ex- changed for stock in the new company, and the bitter acquired by purchase a title to land on both sides of the river, mostly, however, on the east side, where engineers had decided were the best sites for mills and the best tracks for canals. In 1835 tin- new organization bought the property and interest of the P.ow Canal Company, tin- Isle of Hooksett Canal Company, the Amoskeag Locks ami Canal Company and the Union Locks and < 'anal, all of which, as their names imply, had built canals at different points on the river. The Hooksett Manufacturing Company was merged with the Amoskeag in 1836 and the Con- cord Manufacturing Company shared the same fate the next year. The Amoskeag Company thus had obtained a full title to all the water-power on the river from Manchester to Concord and all the land in Manchester on the Merrimack available for mill- sites. It was also in possession of large tracts of land adjacent to the river and extending for some distance from it- Having thus cleared the way, they Boon began operations in earnest. In 1836 the wooden dam which had hitherto checked the river's flow at A -- keag Falls was thoroughly repaired in order to answer the purposes of a colter-dam, and the next year was begun the construction of a wing-dam of stone, with guard-locks on the east side, which was completed in 1840. At the same time the farther from the river of the two present canals was built by Lobdell & Rus- sell. In 1838 a contract was made with Russell, Ban & Co., (of which linn Isaac C. Flanders, after- wards president of the City Dank, now Merchants* Bank, wasamember), to construct the "lower canal," and the contract was fulfilled. The first building put upon the east side of the river was what was then the Stark Mills counting-room, at the foot of Stark Street, part of which was temporarily used for a counting-room by the land and water-power depart- ment of the Amoskeag Company. The next was the 78 HlSiOlU" OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. one designated as "No. 1, Stark Block," where the agents and clerks of the mills boarded with S. S. Moulton till November, 1*39, when the Manchester House \\ ;is finished. The first mills built on the easl side were what wen- then No. 1 and No. 2 Mills of the Stark corporation, which were erected for that company in 1838 and L839. At that time a number of men who have since been well known in Manchester were in the pay of the Amoskeag Company. Hiram Brown, afterwards mayor of the city, was employed to oversee the stone-work ; Phinehas Stevens, was its millwright ami wheelwright; John D. Kimball was an overseer of carpenter-work ; T. J. Carter was the resident engineer; Henry S. Whitney was an overseer of general out-d work; AVarren Paige had charge of the lumber-yard ; Nahum Baldwin, Daniel L. Stevens and Charles Hutchinson, were employed in the planing-mill ; George F. Jud- kins managed the saw-mill, and Samuel Boice was employed in it ; Samuel B. Kidder had charge of the locks and canals; Andrew Bunton and Levi Sargent wcic contractors for --tone ; John H.Maynard was the head carpenter ; Jonathan T. P. Hunt and Joseph E. Bennett were employed as masons in the building of the mills. The company laid out the site of a town with a main street running north and south, parallel with the river, with other streets running parallel with this and across it, reserving land for public squares, and in 1838, having divided part of its lands into lots suitable for stores and dwellings, sold it, bringing into the market by this and subsequent sales a large part of the land on which the city of to-day stands- In 1838 they sold a site and privileges for mills to a new company which had been incorporated as the Stark Mills, and built for them, in this and subse- quent years, the factories they now occupy. After the burning of their old mills at Amoskeag they finished, in 1841, two new ones just below the Stark Mills for their own use, and added to them in subse- quent years as their needs required. In 1845 thej sold land ami built mills and a priutery for anew corporation which had been organized as the Man- chester Mills. To meet a demand for machinery for their own mills and those they erected for others, they built in 1840 a machine-shop, in 1842 a foundry, and in 1848 replaced both these by new and larger ones, beginning at that time the manufacture of locomo- tives, building new shops for mechanical purposes when needed. In 1 S.V.I was begun the manufacture of the famous Amoskeag steam fire-engines. Some time after they had finished mills for the larger corpora- tions already mentioned they built, for the convenience of individual enterprises, a building known as "Me- chanics' Row," at the northern end of the canals, ami also sold land and erected shops for small corpora- tions which were subsequently organized. They carried out meanwhile their original idea of the city, building boarding-houses and tenements lor their own operatives and those of the other corporations, gh ing away land for churches and public buildings, selling it to manufacturers and business men, and continuing a liberal policy to the present time. The first directors of the company were Lyman Tiffany, Ira Gay and Willard Sayles, elected in 1831. The following is a list of officers from 1831 to 1885: 1831: Lyman Tiffany (president), [ra Gay, Willard Sayl Ira Gay, clerk ; Oliver Dean, treasurer and agent. 1833 : George Dan- iel!*, clerk. 1831: Harvey Hartshorn, treasurer and agent ; Lyman Tif- lan.v, Oliver Dean, Willard Sayles, directors. 1836: P. T. Jackson, Ly- man Tiffany, William Appleton, George Bond, Samuel Krothingham, Daniel D. Broadhead, George Howe, Oliver Dean, directors; Francis ('. Lowell, treasurer ; Hiram A. Daniels, clerk. 1837: Hubert Head, i lerk ; William Amory, t surer ; Oliver Dean, Willard Sayles, George H l ■ :■ C. Lowell, Si tel Frothingham, John A. Lowell, Sam- uel Hubbard, Daniel D. Broadhead, William Appleton, directors. 1838 : Francis 0. Lowell, president H llian G ffeans, clerk G geW.Ly- uian, Nathan Appl.-loii .,mi .l.mi.- K M.l!- -m led Samuel Krothing- ham, John A. Lowell ami Daniel D. Broadhead as directors 1840: David Sears succeeded Samuel Hubbard as director. 1842: Joseph TiMcn succeeded Irami- i I,, .well as ]. resident ami director. 1847: "William Amory succeeded Willard Sayles as director. 1851: Robert head succeeded William Amory a? director. Is", ; : i .ardiier Brewer suc- rrded .loop], TlMrM .1 - , | i I VCt 111 ; Oliver Deall Succeeded JoSepll TiMen as president ; 1 \ Straw succeeded William G. Means as clerk. 1856: .l.ma. T. P. Hunt succeeded Robert Head as director. 1857 : David Sears resigned as director. 1801 : Oliver Dean, George Howe, George W. Ly- man, William Appleton, Gardner Brewer, dona. T. P. Hunt, directors. 18132: William Appleton, deceased. 18'"..". : Daniel Clark succeeded Jona. T. P. Hunt as director. 1866: T. Jefferson Coolidge and Thorn as " ig- elesmith were added to the directors. 1871 : Oliver Dean and George W". Lyman having declined re-election, and George Howe having ceased to be a stockholder, William Amory, John L. Gardner and William P. Mason succeeded them as directors: Gardner Brewer succeeded Oliver Dean as president. 1874 : Charles Amory succeeded Gardner Brewer, eased a director; Daniel Clark sue led Gardner Brewer, deceased, as president. 187."' William W. Bremer succeeded Charles Amory as direct,,]. 10; '1'. Jefferson i 'oolidge sue, ceded W illiaiu Amory as treas- urer ; William Amory succeeded Daniel i lark as president. 1877 : John L. Bremer succeeded William M. Bremer as director ; George Dexter and I A Straw were added to the directors. 1879: Thomas L. Livermore succeeded E. A. Straw as clerk and agent. 1880: I 'banning Clapp succeeded T. Jefferson < oolidge as treasurer : < banning clapp succeeded K A. Straw as director. 1885: Herman F. Straw succeeded Col. Liver- more a- i lerk and agent. The company once owned fifteen hundred acres of land on the cast side of the river. They own land on the west side also. The present dam at Amoskeag Falls was built in 1871 by the company, after Mr. Straw's plans and under his personal supervision. Its predecessor had lasted thirty-four years, had become leaky and unsafe, was built low and in the wrong place. The old one ran straight across, but the one which took its place curved around so as to give a wider entrance from the river, was built two feet higher and farther down the stream. It is in two parts, the main dam, from the west side to the bridge, being four hundred and twenty feet long, and the canal wing, from the bridge to the gate-house, being two hundred and thirty feet long, making a total length of six hundred and fifty feet. It is eight led wide at the top. a verages twelve feet in height, ami cost, all things included, about sixty thou- sand dollars. The upper canal extends from the basin at the dam to the weir at the foot of Central Street, where it empties into the lower, and is five thousand MANCHESTER. lour hundred and eighty feet long. The lower begins at about the same place, and extends to the weir below the Namaske Mills, where it empties into the river. It is six thousand nine hundred feet long, and runs a part of the way over the track of the old Blodget Canal. Till 1855 the canal was connected with the Merrimack, near the old Met rregor bridge, by a set of locks, the company having been under obligation to keep the canal open to the public as when it was owned by the Amoskeag Locks and Canal Company; bin the Legislature of 1855 gave permission to discon- tinue the kicks. The openings of the canals at the guard-gates are five hundred and ten feet square. The canals' width at their head is seventy-three feet, and at the weirs fifty feet, with an average depth of ten feet. The fall from the upper to the lower canal is twenty feet, and from the lower canal to the river thirty-four feet. No. 1 and No. 2 Mills are northernmost, and are exact duplicates of each other. They were the first mills upon the Amoskeag corporation, were built sepa- rately, one hundred and fifty-seven feet long by forty- •eight wide, and six stories high, in 1841. but in 1859 and 1860 were united by what is called No. 6 Mill, eighty-eight feet long by sixty wide. No. 3 Mill, directly to the south of this triple com- bination, was built in 1834, and thoroughly rebuilt in 1870. It is five stories in height and four hundred and forty feet long, while its width varies from sixty- five to seventy-two feet. At its south end is a three- story picker-house, one hundred and thirty-five feet long by sixty wide. At the upper end of the mills, on the lower level, is a low building, four hundred and seventy-two feet long and thirty wide, used as a bag-mill, which has forty bag-looms. No. 4 Mill was built in 1846 and enlarged in 1872. The original building was seven stories high, two hundred and sixty feet in length by sixty in width. In the fall of 1872 an extension was built in the rear, one hundred feet long and sixty feet wide. In the rear, also, are two picker-houses, three stories high, fifty-six feet in length by thirty-seven in width. No. 5 Mill is just north of the one last mentioned. It is two hundred and fifty-eight feet Long by sixty wide, and has a picker-house, sixty-two feet in length by forty-four in width, in the rear. The building at the north of No. 5 Mill, occupied as a dye-house and gingham-mill, consists of a centre- piece and two wings. The south wing is the dye- house, and is two hundred and three feet long, sixty- seven feet wide ami three stories high. The middle part is one hundred and twenty feet long, sixty-seven feet wide, three stories high and is occupied by dress- ing-machinery for ginghams. The north wing is of the same length and breadth as the dye-house, but four stories high. A mill was built in 1874, just at the north of these buildings and parallel with them. It is two hundred and sixtj feet long, sixty-eight feet wide and lour stories high. The bleachery and nipping-house, for bleaching and napping flannels, are in a small building, one hundred and ten feet in length and thirty-six in width, in the rear of the old gingham-mill and near the river. In 1874 the company erected the mill of the Anion Manufacturing Company. In 1880 they builtalargedye- house, two hundred and eighty by fifty feet, two stories, and in 1881 a new mill with forty-four thous dies. In 1880 the old machine-shop which originally stood on the bank of the river was taken down and the new machine-shop erected, one hundred and niin is by fifty feet, three stories high. The machine-shops up to 1X72 manufactured the celebrated Amoskeag fire- engine. In that year this business was sold to the Manchester Locomotive- Works. There are also seven cotton-houses, one hundred by seventy feel, three Stories high. The mills are driven by seventeen tur- bine wheels, six and eight feet in diameter, which are sufficient to run all machinery in ordinary stages of water, In addition to this power, there is also one pair of engines of eight hundred horse-power in No. 3 Mill; one pair of two thousand horse- power for driving machinery in Mills Nos. 4, 5, 7 and 8; also an engine of two hundred and fifty horse power to drive the machine-shop. There are forty- eight boilers, one-half for high pressure, to be used when engines are run and exhaust steam is used for heating and drying. These engines are only run in low water. The other twenty-four boilers, of an old type, are only used when the engines are not run, be- cause suited to lower pressure. These boilers have all been placed in a great boiler-house, about two hundred and fifty by fifty feet, on the west side of the river, next to the coal shed, which is a new one built of brick, with a capacity for twenty thousand tons, having three railroad tracks from which the coal is uuloaded. On this side of the river also a chimney has been erected two hundred and fifty feet high. The steam is carried across the river in a pipe twenty inches in diameter and two thousand five hundred feet long, which crosses the river on two bridges, dis- tributing steam to the whole establishment. The mills are lighted by electricity, the first light (Weston & Brush,) having been put in February, 1880. The corporation runs ten mills, including Naniask .Mill, and eight hundred tenements. This immense establish- ment has six thousand looms, uses forty thousand bales of cotton and twenty thousand tons of coal per year, and manufactures annually sixty million yards consisting of ticking, denims, stripes, ginghams, cot- ton Maine Is and che\ lot-. Employs five thousand per- sons, with a monthly pay-roll of one hundred and sixty thousand dollars, 'fhe present officers are as follows: William Amorv, Daniel Clark, T. Jefferson Coo- lidge, Thomas Wigglesworth, George A. Gardner, William 1'. Mason, John L. Bremer, < 'banning Clapp, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. George Dexter, directors; William Amory, president ; T.Jefferson Coolidge, treasurer ; Herman F. Straw, clerk and agent. Ezekiel Albert Straw was born in Salisbury, De- cember 30, 1819, making bis age at the time of his death sixty-three years. He was the eldest son oi James B. and Mebitable (1'isk) Straw, and one of a family of seven children (five suns and two daughters). and of whom three survive. — Miranda (wife of Benja- min F. Manning), Abigail and Janus B. Straw. Esq., all residents of Manchester. His father, after a few years' residence in this State, removed to Lowell, .Mass., where he entered into the service of the Apple- ton Manufacturing Company. Mr, Straw acquired his education in the schools of Lowell, and in the English Department of Phillips Andover Academy, where be gave especial attention to practical mathe- matics. Upon leaving this institution, he was, in the spring of 1838, employed a- assistant civil engineer upon the Nashua and Lowell Railway, then in pro- cess of construction. In July, 1838, he was sent for by Mr. Boyden, the consulting engineer id' the Amos- keag Manufacturing Company, to take the place of T. J. Carter, the regular engineer, who was absent from work on account of illness. He came to the city of Manchester July 4, 1838, expecting to remain hut a few days, and has ever since made it his home. This was before a mill had been built upon the eastern side of the river ; among his first duties were the laying out of the lots and streets in what is now the compact part of the city, and assisting in the construction of the dams and canals. In November, 1844, he was sent by the Amoskeag Company to Eng- land and Scotland to obtain information and machi- nery necessary fir making and printing muslin de- laines, and the success of the Manchester Print- Works, which first introduced this manufacture into the United States, was due to the knowledge and skill he then acquired. He continued in the employ of the Amoskeag Company as civil engineer until July, 1851, when he was appointed agent of the land and water-power department of the company, the mills and machine-shops then being managed 3epa rately, under different agents. In July, 1856, the first two were united and put in charge of Mr. Straw, ami in July, 1858, all three were combined under one management, and Mr. Straw assumed the entire cen- tred of the company's operations in Manchester. Mr. Straw was prominent in the early history of the town's prosperity. He was a member of the com- mittee to provide plans and specifications for the re- building of the town-house in 1844. and one of the lirst committee appointed to devise plans for the in- troduction of water into the town. He was connected with all the subsequent plans for the same purpose, and when the board of water commissioners, who had charge of the construction of the present water- appointed in 1871. he was made its presi- dent, ami held tl ffice until within a tew year.-. He was chosen, in 1854, a member of the first board of trustees of the public library, and held the office for twenty-five years. In 1846, Mr. Straw was elected assistant engineer of the Fire Department, and was re-elected several times afterwards. In 1859 he served as Representative in the State Legislature, and cted in I860, 1861, L862, 1863, and during the last three years was chairman of the committee on finance. In 1864 he was elected to the State Senate and was re-elected in 1865, being chosen its president in the latter year. He was also chosen, mi the part of the Senate, one of the commissioners to superintend the rebuilding of the State-House. In 1869 be was appointed by Governor Stearns a mem- ber of his stall'. In 187l' he was elected by the Re- publicans of New Hampshire Governor of the State, and was re-elected the succeeding year. In 1870 he was appointed by President Grant the member from New Hampshire of the commission to arrange for the centennial celebration of the independence of the United States at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1876. From the organization of the Namaske Mills, in 185(3, till the dissolution, Mr. Straw was the treasurer and principal owner, and after 1864 until near the end of bis business career the sole proprietor. In 1874 he was chosen a director of the Laugdon Mills, lie was the president and one of the directors of the Klodget I'.'lge-Tool Manufacturing Company from its organization, in 1855, till its dissolution, in 1862, and during the existence of the Amoskeag Axe Company, which succeeded it, he was a director. He was one of the first directors of the Manchester Gas- Light ( lom- pany when it was organized, in 1851, and was chosen its president in 1855, holding the office until January 29, 1881. In 1860 he was elected a director of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, and in 1871 was elected president of the corporation, resigning in 1879. Upon the organization of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association he was chosen its pres- ident, and was also president of the New Hamp- shire Fire Insurance Company from its organization, in 1869 to 1880, when he resigned. He was one of the founders of the First Unitarian Society, in 1S42. its clerk and treasurer from that time till 1*44. its president from 1853 to 1857, ami was chairman of the committee which built its present house of wor- ship. Governor Straw married, April 6, 1842, a1 Ames- bury, Mas-., Charlotte Smith Webster, who died in this city March 15, 1852. To them were born four children. — Albert, who died in infancy; Charlotte Webster, wile of Mr. William H. Howard, of Somerville, Mass.; Herman Foster, agent of the Amoskeag Mills; Ellen, the wife of Mr. Henry M. Thompson, formerly agent of the Manchester Print- Works, and now agent of the Lowell Felting I om- pany, of Lowell. Mass. There are now seven living grandchildren, — Albert Straw. William H. and Sarah Cheney Howard. Par- .\ the result, which was the defeat of the Democratic candidate for Governor and the election of a Republican Senate and House. There being no election of Governor b) the people, Mr. Gheney was chosen by t lit- Legislature. The in si year he was nominated and re-elected by a handsome majority of the popular vote. In the long line of executives, the Stale has had none who discharged the duties of the office more faith- fully, with better judgment or more to the satisfaction ol all classes, and he retired universally esteemed. He ha- since devoted himself to his private busi- ness, declining further political preferment. He is always ready and willing, however, to render any service which maj contribute to the success of the party in whose principles he thoroughly believes. Mr. Chenev is a Unitarian whose faith is reflected in his works. He is a Royal Arch .Mason and a mem- ber of the order of Odd-Fellows. lie married, in 1850, MissS. Anna M v, who died Januarj 8, 1858, having no children. In June, 1859, he married .Mrs. Sarah White Keith, to whose de\ n, grace and aci plishmentshe owes much of the success and happiness of his busy life. He has one child, Agnes Anna Cheney, horn Octo- ber 22, 1869, who is now at school in Washington. Ik- resides in an elegant home in Manchester, in which a hearty and refined hospitality greets everj visitor, and from which there goes out to everj good cause that his neighbors and fellow-townsmen are engaged in, generous and unostentatious help. The Amoskeag Paper-Mill is one of the best in the State, with the finest machinery and all modern im- provements. The proprietors are John Hoyt <& Co. Olzendam's Hosiery-Mill is located in Mechanics' Row. Manchester Locomotive-Works. -For an account of this establishment, see biographj of Aretas Blood. Manchester Gas-Light Company was chartered in 1850. Capital stock, one hundred thousand dollars. The works are situated in the southern part of the city, near the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, on a lot of land lour hundred feet square. The companj has also, at the north end, near the Langdon corpora- tion, a gas-holder to regulate the supplj and pressure. The annual product of gas is about sixty-five million cubic feet, together with five thousand chaldrons of i oke and one thousand barrels of coal-tar. Miscellaneous Manufactures. Lowell's Iron Foundry, corner of Auburn and t anal Streets ; Corey 's Needle- Works, corner of « 'one. ml and Maple Streets; .lames Baldwin & Co., West Manchester, bobbins, spools, shuttles, etc.; Austin, Johnson A. Co d blind, sash and bracket-making; A. ( '. Wallace. West Manchester, boxes; Manchester Chair Com- pany, chairs and tables; Kimball & Gerrish, corner Elm ami Bridge Streets, roll-skin manufacturers; Hutchinson Brothers, iron and wood-working machin- ery rge A. Leighton, Forsaith's building, manu- facturer of knitting-machines ; Sanborn < larriaget ' - pany and J. B. McCrillis & Son, carriages ; Bisco & Denny, card-clothing manufacturers; Carney & Co., brewers, at Bakersville ; < '. I'.. Bradley, Me- i 1 1 i n ii 3' Row, and John T. Woodward, Franklin Street, roll-covering; S. A. Felton and the Manchester Brush Company, brooms and brushes; the Granite State Plating Company; Manchester Pottery- Works; J. A. Y. Smith, manufacturer of fliers ; Forsaith Machine ( lompany, and others. Samuel Caldwell Forsaith. Robert I'm saith, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a farmer and lived in Goffstowu, N. II. He married Elizabeth Caldwell, who bore him seven children. Samuel C. was born in Goffstowu Septem her 29, 1827. His boyhood was passed on the faun, where he assisted in the work. His educational ad- c_yCo>W^ MANCHESTER. vantages were those afforded by the common schools of his native town. At an early age he became inter- ested in mechanical work, was quick to comprehend the intricacies of machinery, and at the age of fifteen had constructed and set up on the bank of the river near his home a miniature saw-mill, complete in all its parts and in running order, At the age of seven- teen he left home and went to Manchester, N. H., then ;< town of about five thousand inhabitants, and entered the machine-shop of the old Amoskeag Mill as an apprentice. His close attention to his duties here showed his fondness lor his chosen trade, and his subsequent success showed the wisdo I' his choice. His frugal habits enabled him to live on a salary that at the present time would not suffice for even the most unskilled labor. Thrown out of em- ployment by a destructive lire, he next worked in the Stark Mills until September 1. 1850, when he went to Milt'.. rd, X. II.. to take charge of the machine repair- shops connected with the cotton-mills of that place, remaining eight years, when he went to Biddeford, M... as foreman of the Saco Water-Power Machine- Shop, where he stayed for two years. In 1860 he determined to go into business on bis own account, and with this purpose in view, returned to Manchester and hired an upper room in the shop of the Manches- ter Scale- Works. In this room, without other capital than his determination to succeed, he started. His first job here was the manufacture ..I' hay-cutters, in which he was so successful that he resolved to make a push for business, and sent out a large number ..I' cards announcing that he was prepared to do all kinds of job-work. Gradually his business increased, and at the end of the year he was furnishing employ- ment for four journeymen. During the second year he secured a vacant shop adjoining the scab-works, win h he -..on found none to., large to accommodate him. Soon after moving into the new quarters he bought a patent machine for folding newspapers. Thi' original owners had been unable to make the machine work. Mr. Forsaithsaw that the design was practical, and set about perfecting ii. which he did successfully. In order to make the folder a financial success it must he put to practical test, and to this end Mr. Forsaith visited the chief newspaper offices in the leading cities, representing the merits of the machine, and succeeded in placing a sufficient num- ber to warrant a very general test. Perfect satisfaction was given, and the orders for these machines came in fast. Besides the manufacture of the folders, the building of circular saw-mills, shafting, mill-gearings, water-win els. etc., gave constant employment to the regular force of twelve workmen. That he might meet the requirements of his job-work, and also t.. keep pace with the demand for the folders, in 1863, Mr. Forsaith took a lease of the entire scale-works and enlarged his working force. In 1867, becoming crowded for room, a new shop was built, which is now the main building of the present set of buildings, which cover an acre and a half, tilled with busy mechanics and machinery for meeting the multiplying demands of what has come to be the largest business of its kind in the State. In 187^, Mr. William E. Drew (who had been an apprentice in this shop) was taken into partnership. The concern docs its own printing, and issues quarterly an edition of some twelve thousand catalogues, which are mailed to all parts of the world. The pay-roll of this establish- ment furnishes an average of four thousand live hun- dred dollars per month. In May, 1884, the business bad become so extensive and the care and responsi- bility so great that it was decided to organize this great industry intoa stock company under the general laws of New Hampshire, capitalizing with two hun- dred and seventy-five thousand dollars, ami the com- pany is now under the management of officers chosen by i he hoard of directors, and is in a flourishing con- dition. The history of this industry, from its small beginning to its present magnitude, is a fitting and well-deserved tribute to the energy, thrift and g 1 judgment of Mr. Forsaith, and shows what a resolute purpose can accomplish. In politics Mr. Forsaith w;ts a Democrat, and took an active part in the coun- cils of this party. He was also a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, an Odd-Fellow, an officer of the Amoskeag Veterans and a charitable and kind- hearted citizen, whose loss will be fell wherever he was known. Mr. Forsaith was twice married, — first, to Nancy W. Pierce, February 20, 1848, from which union there were three boys, — Frank I'., George B. and William, who are now living. Nancy W. died April 21, 1871. Hi- second wife was ( 'lata J., daughter of Colonel J. C. and Clara J. Smith, to whom be was married December :!•'!, 1875. From this union there are also three boys, — Samuel ('., Jr., born December 1(1, 187(1; Clarence S., born February 11), 1878; Dar- win .1., horn October 19,1880. In the winter of 1884, Mr. Forsaith took a trip to the Bermuda Islands, accompanied by his wife, seeking rest and recre- ation, and after a short visit returned to his home in Manchester, and after a short stop he started to visit the World's Fair at New Orleans, where he bad a large exhibit. On his journey home, while on the cats, he was stricken with apoplexy. On reaching the city of Philadelphia he was taken to the hospital of the Jefferson Medical (..liege, where he died March :!:!, 1885. His funeral, from his late residence, in Manchester, was attended by the various civil and military organizations of which he was a member and by many of the prominent citizens of Manches- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER V I. .\IA\riLKSTEk-(fW,„„ t ,/». Kl'l I.PSIASTICAL HISTOID . Surly rliiuvh History Contention and ]i Periu. 1— First Congregational church — Baptist Church— M< n iniaek Street Dap! Will BapUst Church— Merrimack Streel Hist Methodist lip,-, ,|,al Cliurch-St ! tGhurch— First il . Street Free- odist Episcopal < fourch— Grace licCh in h. -.. St. Inn's, St. Joseph 8, SI lugustine (French), St. Marie (French), Christian Church— St. James Methodisl Bpiscopa! Church— Second Idvent Society— City ttissionarj Societj I oion Congregational Church, West Manchester -Spiritualisl Soi letj Gt rman I hun b of the New Jet Swedish I.v.ii._.-ii ..I I. utl, ,-,.,„ cimivi,— Kirs! Presbyterian Church The early ecclesiastical history of this town is a his- tory of contention and litigation, and to such tin ex- tent was this continual strife carried that at one time its baneful influence seriously retarded the settlement of the place. The following is principally the record history of this season of unrest and discord. In 1752 a move- ment was made for the settlement of a minister, and in the warrant calling the annual town-meeting of that year was the following : "To see it the town will Joyn with the town of Bedford In Giving mr. mcDoel n Call lo the worke of the ministry Between t».. i„«ij an, I to Do and act in that attairtliat the town shall think proper.' .March 5th, it was " Voted, to giv.- i.u. i.,rl>.„icii a Cauell t.. the work of the ministry, Kather to doyen Moth Celt,,,,! ,„■ b, ,,n, s,-l,,. " lot.,/, .I...hu Ili.hll, Vh-xan.l.T niomurphoy, I S Prosequi th. given o( mr .... H..11I a Cau.-ll t., the work ef the niin.-steiv to Joyn woth the town of Bedford or seprat and Distink bi They complied with the wishes of the petitioners, and issued the following warrant to the constable of Derryfield: e, Constable of said April 20, 17.".::. it was Nothing further appears on the town records rela- tive to the call to Mr. McDowell. By the records of Bedford it appears that a call was given by Bedford to Mr. .McDowell. March 28, 17.".:;. it was unanimously But the records of the town show nothing further in relation to him. As early as 17">4 the town voted to build a meeting- house, and to locate the same on the land near John Hall's house. This location produced much ill-feel- ing, and on the 3d of February, 1755, thirty of the inhabitants petitioned the selectmen to call a meeting, on the 20th of the same month, to reconsider the vote locating the meeting-house and raising money to 1. nil. 1 the same; but the majority of the selectmen refused to call the said meeting, thus denying the aforesaid inhabitants a plain and legal right. This refusal of the selectmen produced great excitement, and the in- habitants aggrieved petitioned Joseph Blanchard and Matthew Thornton, two justices of the peace for the province, to call a meeting of the inhabitants, as pro- vided by law. "TuBeuja. Iladley of D. i ry Ii. I.I in the sd Provin town, Greeting, " " ' '.- it has I, ,•,-.,, i,...,,, | i,, app.-el to US the Subscribers, t\v,, ,.f his Majestes justes of th.- I'. ,., , l -,| Province, ( I „.-.- thai Thirty of the freeholders and Inhabitants of the sd town of Derryfield, I | th. il K- .pi.-t signed l.y ye -I Inhabitants and freeholder- made telle- mai'i Partol the Selectmen of Derryfield aforesaid. When togetl thir.l Instant Deliver and present such application in writing for the- Calling a meeting of the Inhabitants of -1 town to be held on thi 20th e„r't for the following Am, lee "First to see if the town w.eil.l l;,., ..nsider ye Vote Relating i, r l.e choice of a meeting-house pi .- e and make the same null and void. " M '" '"-"" i' tie town wool. I He,-,„,si.ler that i,. to for Raising mony for Building a meeting-house and ordet that yi Constabl. Omit hisCol- 1. . tin- the Same and .lis, Larue the Several! freeholders and Inhabitents ti""l -a. h pail ,.t lie- l'n.-« in ..- j,:., t I as shall then he thot Best and that the sd Selecfn did on the said 3d day oi Feby, Cui ill hi- reasonably refuse and ,1. .u the Calling a eting for the Propritora -.1 i. -daie] ye sd freeholders and Inhabitants have applyed onto us for warm, for the Calling ,..f the freeholders and Inhabitant's „f Derryfield aforesd for ye doing ol the Bu as aforesd to be held on ye first Day of march next,— at v.- h,,.,so ..I John Coir,-. K-.p. "'I !.,-.- are Therefor in his ma.iyt name to Re.piiro and Command veil th- -d . oiisial.l..- t,. Notiti.-aii.l wain the freehold,-,- and Inhabitants of sd town of Derryfield, that they assemble at the house ol I-:-.|i ill D.-rnli, 1,1 .doles', |, ,,„ s,n. ,,l„v the tir-t day of March ui.xt at ten o'clock foren i, then and there to act on tin- follow in- arti. !.-.. "First to see if the town will Reconsider the Vote Relating to the '-' ' ■' i ting-house place and mak.- ye same null and void. ^'~ - '" -' " if the low ii will Reconsidei thai Vote for Raisaing ney for Buldinga meeting-liouse and order the Constable omit hi- , ,11,-, i,ng the sane- and discharge ye Severall freeholders and Inhabitants from such part .,f the taxes m Some proper thod as shall then be ft I > est li'ie of tail,- not and make due return. Given Under om |,., at .Mori una,- tin- six day ot 1'eh. IT.".... "Josi en iii is. ii -.,,,, , ,i„ 1 ,,. peace The meeting was duly held on the 1st day of March, 1755, and it was voted to reconsider the vote "making choice of a meeting-house place," and also to reconsider the vote raising money for building the meeting-house. The following protest was presented and em, red upon the record : " Id. mm in d, March ye 1st IT .5. "Wee, ye under Subscribers! holders I Inhabitants of ye town oi Derryfield, for Divers and weight] Reasons do Bntei oui D, and plea, e < lonvenient " RoBERt Id I, I :-, I: \\i, rii-.s " Alk.xe. M.'Ci.ixr... k. "WlLLM. I , "Willi. McCunto. r ' JOHS , "WA1 I I'll II 1. II .nil IMC "8.1111. M 1. I 1 Mil IX. It seems that a majority at this meeting we posed to the erecting of a house of worship. I.ui op- posed the location. "DERRYFIELL, Aueiiest ye JT IT'S. 1 ' ''■' - """■> "i the town ol Di run- Id. Gentlemi n. I' holders and Inhabitants of said town, w,- the under subs, rib.-,-.- I, kin- , . , ., , , . „,-. , a great Disadvantage l',,| want of a plea f Public Wor- ship, as we have rising fameleys which cannot at.-nd at otl as it would he eu, oragemenl f-.i ministers to i om and pi. -a. I, unto u- if we were toiw.,,,1 in iiMtin. a pk lorthe public worship* of Cod ourselves. MANCHESTER. • Capt. Alexr. McMl John Hall. Robert Anderson. James Riddoll. Samuel Boyd. John Dii k' I Binjimiu Stivins. John Eiddell. James Humphri y. Hugh Stirling. Slid..- II M.l.'lmloi I, Kobrt Dicky. John mirrall. James Piters. William I'll. William Nutt. Jamea in-ir^e. John Harvey. Win perham, Jr. Thorns Hall." On the 2d of September, L758, a warrant was issued for a town-meeting, at the barn of John Hall, on the 21st of the same month : ■T if tlu i r i . I inhabitant- .>! the mil. I said nicotine li..i:-.. --J, ,-,e what sp,.t of ground the tuwu would \ "To see how much money the town would \ the Mil. I I ting-house. "To see what dimensions they would vote to "To see if the town would vote to choose n . building of said tin- I -. "To see if the tow n would vote t.. raise any At the meeting Captain Alexander McMurphy was moderator, and it was « Yoted to build the meeting-house on John Mull, land joining the ,■ i leading to 1 nomas Hall ■ Ferrj and the \ Bkeag I alls ■• Voted i,, raise -iv hundred pounds in carry on tie- building the said "Poted! se the said meeting-house forty feet in length, and thirty- five feet in bn " 1 -..'..■■ Capt. Willi., in Perham ami Lt Hugh Sterling ami John Hall the oneuuit too to carry on the buihlirie. of the above said meeting-house '' A frame was put up, but nothing further was dene. People refused to pay their taxes, and the committee could make no progress. At a meeting. July 15, 1759, it was |.i i. I I Hi.. Selectmen in tile year 17o(>, shal to pay the money borrowed as the present Seleetiuei power in law to collect the Baid money from the fie. t.uiis ..I tie. town." At tin adjourned meeting it was " I'otVdto reeulisidel lie ' vote that the Selectmen borrow the i. y, and \uted thai I'apt.W illiam I'erlialn, Levt. HughStirlingand Levi John Hall are impowered by the freeholders and inhabitants of the town of I'. 1 1 , In I I ... I ..rr..\\ Ihc sum of four hundred and tvventv tlnec i Is. six shillings old tenor, and to paj intereBl such as they can hire the above money for, and all their tune and expenses paid by the said town as well as the above SU1 bundled and twenty-three pound- six shillings old tenor. '• X. It.— Till su. h tun ■ as n„. a bo?e sum i s paid to them by tin- afore- said freeholders and inhabitants of -aid town." The money was hired and the accounts paid off. "Agreabel to a vote ol the free boulden and [nhabitantes of Derry- I'teld at a meeteing held in the Ineeting-Holise of Sd town, N.ivm la, 1759, Voted, one ye third artical ol the Warrent to Record the moneay that was Collected In the year 17.'>s and the following Sonnies as they in.. Corlei ted foi tin Buldi u tie' ting-1 s In Derryfield and eache .-..in.. ..I ii i what hie I'eayes to the a lol Sd llie, tlllg- le. u. s which Kache mans and Sonm is Wear Set Down In the follow e ,.i.i. i ■ Tliis t ■ tie a held 1 li.-e.er pays Hue inoiiev t.. II". above said meeting-house in s and sums of money the) paj recorded in Den-y- of records " The building committee was accused of mismanage- ment, and at a meeting, November 15, 1759,— " Voted 3 men a committee to examine tie a. ml- ..1 tie' committi 6 that was . lioseii to build ..or meeting-house in -aid town. " Voted Michael McClintock, John Harvey, and David Starrer!, the Clllinittee to exallline tl.e I 1 llfs of t lie , llei I 1 1 1 g-1 1 o I have pec led 111 I. ml. liiii of said house. " Vot> I to record the six hundred pounds old tenor that was collet ted in 1758, and the following sums as they me collected for building the i ing-house and each man's name and s what he pays to the aforesaid house. " Voted to allow all the committee'" account-, a- line brought them in before the town, in time and money spent by them in building ..ur meet- ing-house in said town, ... I.u a- ili.v leu. pi,. ,ed. d in said building. " I ,./..( nit to underpin our meeting-house al present but to make one door this year." At a town-meeting, December 3, 1759, it was " Pofed not t licet any more money from the town this year to- wards tie meeting-house. " Voted to borrow what remains due for the i tine house to clear off the committee's accounts, and pay the interest for the same. " IV'ted that the pi. -enl Sele.tineii f.r tile von IT'.'.i borrow money to pay off the committee for building the meeting I se -o tar a- they lia\e Tin- ,s 1... JOI f.'V I" 16 .ll.lll.-ril.e- 7 17 James Piters II', 111 Joseph Gorge '' David Mcknight .... 7 HI William N'utte in II holm In. I.c 8 i John Cunagham .... n B Hoses 17 rd t' 8 Widow Boyd :; is Samuel Boyd in la \i,i Mi ' In. tuck. ... I" 15 William Perham . ... Ill :; John Secomb 7 s l.oit. John Hall ... in 2 Thomas Hall nil L.\ t. John Goffe .... fl 13 William Smith ... .00 .lanes Moor- Ears [!>■ Pri-viii.-f ,,t \.v, llampshier, the Honorable his majes- -e's Conncell And House of Representative- In <■- m i.,l ^ssemblj ■ on- "The Pettetion of A number of the freeholders A In Habitants of the town of Derryfield Humbly Sheueth, that the first monday of March annually i- appoint-',! hy - dial r - ■ t to !...■ the !'.. the Currant year and the usual i \--iom of >-l town has i 1 1 to warn the Town of ti and pla e and Desig □ of holdii with the Several articles to be acted upon on --1 Day, bi Coppj of Said warrant al three several places in said Town, (via | one at ■ lis, one at John Hall, & one at I. v. RuBses at Nameskeeg, which was a vote of Said Town, but so it was that neithei of the places had any Notification Set up, and one of them Particularly Naim-ke. ■_ had no Coppy Set up in that part of the town, So that tli.-A knew not the time of Day the meeting was to be held; yet notwithstanding two of the Sel.vtne-n ;md town Clarke did contrary to former Costom, with about ten oi a Dozi n of the Inhabitants and boy.- and unqualified voter-. did Enter and in about five menuits time < Ihouse ;ill the principal ott.-eors lor the town. Notwithstanding one of the Selei I n ami the I'onstaMe & Several of the [nhabitants opposed them an- 1 tol.lth.-mii >■,.- ma hm to hold the meetin before the Inhabitants -am.', and that it was not the usual time of day that tin- meeting vse to begin A that the inhabitants that must pay th- (;ivat-st part of the 'faxes that Bhall com upon the town were not presant & that they would be here presantly, yet they proceeded as afore Said, and at five minutes after eleven o' the clock a considerable nuini- < .-■ an hour the Inhabitant^ « heitiy < lame & uppon he tring that the principal offerors were i Shosen by a Small Number of voters and many of them not Qualified, they Con- cluded as that w;.e- ilm ha \ ' ;■■.■. i, ,, [-■ ■• a - r L . . \ 1 - a m_ the Larger part oi the Qualified voters belonging to Said Town, maid pi-orlaination tlia! fbe\ were -oing to hold thetown meeting A* all were Desired to attend and they went to th. m. .th,; ]|. , u - and maid Choise of a mo,li'ra.tiir a Tow „ o| :il k a s. ■!-■<■( men a all town offecere, & they were sworn to the faithful di^hame of theii Duty a.- the Lav. i> their is two Sets of offecere in Said town which makes ('onfusition ; we most Humbly therefore Pray your Kxeelency A Hon'rs to take our Case undej wise Consideration and Grant that there may be a lobular town meeting in Said town A that we mav ha v.- town ,,!!e, ,.,, i'l K ,isen a- the law directs and that our Confusion may lie brought into order, 1 might be Inabled to Raise the provence taxes, mend high way- a do rhe n- ■.-■■ ^t the town and that your Pettioners may bring in a bill for that End ■ £ your Pet ten' on* as in duty bound shall Ever Pray. « haie,i at Derryfield first of May, 1766. dames McCalley, Samuel Stark, Daniel McNeale, "John Goffe, \\ illiam McClintock, Davin Starrett, Samuel Boyd, Nathaniel Boyd, Cl i: i ■ Emerson, William Nutr, John Griffin, John Stark, . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Band, John Hervey, Samuel Moor, John Moor." It will be seen that sonic of the men who had gen- erally acted with the Hall party signed this petition. They were doubtless dissatisfied with the unfair pro- ceedings of that party at the annual meeting. In fact, Captain W. McClintock was present at that meeting, and told them that they were proceeding in an unfair manner. He was one of the selectmen for 1765, eleeted by the Hall party, and had hitherto been with them. While the mailer of the petition was progressing, a meeting was called of the town June L'7, 1766, at which it was " ( .;..(to K- [nar th- 1 meetin L r - 1 buise in part thies year. t Lay a -ond rllur in tin- Meeting-House and make three Good 1 1 them ..ue slid lLiise .nidshout une the ounder window* o ili-- Meeting-House with forms Suitable foi to >it -m. ' Meantime the petition came up for considerate n before the House of Representatives on the 3d of July, and the petitioners had leave to bring in a bill. On the 8th the bill passed the Eouse and was as follows: " An Art for Vacating the meetings of the Town of Derryfield for the \eai L766 held 'here bv the Inhabitant- for tin I I and fur Deriecting A: authorizing a meeting A the rlmi.-e ,.f town orle- ei- i, a Said - eai - indry oi the Inhabitants of Said Derryfield have Pititioned the General Usembly Respecting thai Some designing men of Said In- habitants Having Some purpose to effeel Relative to the affairs of Said town which they could not otherwise accomplish, hurie-l on the annual ■ m the I 'ay then is usual £ before many of the principal I nhabitants were < : .me to the ( ,]a- ■>■ - d M meeting m ii.-i.-i , .. ■ • rtiowen Disagreabel to the principal [nhabitants that af- terwardswhen th) n llnl ibita tsi mi ti -, maid Choice of another Se1 oi town officers ' • - -■■,-■, , , bave proceeded to act in their respective offices whereby the greatest Confusion was like to 1 ii.-ne in tin* town a therefore they prayed that both of Said meetings might he Vac ted and maid void and a new meeting.- Calte'l I ' ■ ■ of town officers for thisy.-ar which having been Examined ami both partys h--ar-l thereon and if appearing tliat the affairs of Sd town are by this means Involhed in < '--niu.-i- n a perplexity whii h would [sue in Disor- tion of all the Legal Rightsand Privileges of Sd town; '• For Pn mention Whereof; Ue it Ena< ted by tin- th-v. rner Coutiseil ,v Assembly that both the Said meetings A: all the Elerti-.nes their made and the wdnde proceedings of Kadi of them be ami le-arcM i- declairred null, void and of none Effect but are utterly Vacated and Destroyed and that the peisoii- eho-'U t-» any otlire at lathei and l-aich of Sd meeting- are Hereby Disqualified and Rendi red wholly uneable to act in them or any Of them and it is hereby further Enacted that a new meetin.-. i habitants shall 1- i a I !-■■ I I-t i lie I |. , i i, ,u , ,j' r- -wn - -Ih.-.-i •, f->r the i u riant year and all parsons ijnallityed a- the Law Idle, tes fa the Qualification of Such as are authorized to vote in the Choies of town oncers in the an- imal town meetings >liall be permitted Wednesday 1:: I>a> ot au-n-t at ■J clock in the afternoon if they Shall Se raue« t-> V--te at Sd meeting but all others & all minor* in '■■ I ■■■ Excluded from Voting at Said meet, ings as they ought to be in all such Cases and John Sheepard .Tuner of amherst Esqr is Herebj appointed i- Call and Govern Sd meeting till the Who].- busness theie-.f Shall he Ended A that no Par-on i -.u. ei nr.j ma', MANCHESTER. Justly Cooniplaiuof want of notices the Sd John Sheepard is hereby De- rected to Give a Notification to the Lastyears Constable of Sd town seting fortbe the time and place Designs of holding of Sd meeting with the pur- pous thereof and that Sd meeting is Called by the authority of this act which shall he Delivered to Said Constable at least fifteen Days before the Day appointed for holding Sd meeting and Sd Constable shall Give per- sonal notice to all the (Rallied Voters of Sd Town as has Son* Custom- ary times ben the there or leave a Coppy of the Sd Notifiction at the last usual place of the abod of such of said persons as he Cannot meet with at least ten Days bei the o ting Indallthe Town officers which shall be Chosen pursuant Hereunto Shall have ih.. -..mo p.iw.t.v Ami... no us any other Town officers Uavi Seta Duty of their Respective off- cee And the Said ConBtabel is herebj subjected to a penalty of three pounds for Refuseing or Neglecting his Duty herein to he Recovered by the Selectmen that shall be Chosen bj Said town foi thi u "Province of 1 In the House of Representatives, July llaliil.sli. Mb, times Eead Voted that It pass t Lewis G. Goodwin, Speaker, i Council July Oth, 17GC, The foregoing bill Read a third tin '•B. Wentwoeth. "In accordance with this Act, Mr. Shepherd on the 15th of July is- sued the following Warrant: "Province of i To the Constable of Derryfield in Said New Hampshire. j Province for the year 17r..~>. " tn.rtas by a Special Act of the General Court for Sd province, passed ,,t theii Session this pris Instant July I am authorized to Call and Govern the Inhabitantes of Derryfield in order to Reform Some dis- orders that they have lately thrown themselves into Relative to town " Wherefore you are hor.la lie warn the Inhabitant- ,t' >;u. i \- . n 114 Traveling fees on Hundred mils at 2ppr mile .... 16 Extra Charge n Q6 to my Expance at Portsmouth » 04 to mr pickren fee 2 llolrs inr Lowel for 2 I'olars ... 1 til 1775, Feb. 7, at Supperior Cort to a I'uppyat ilifi'.n,. to mr Ring 4 in to mr Dowel 1 Dolerasa fee o 06 tomrpickren 1 I K.lers as a fee 1 (4 to twelve Days at 2s per Day 1 n4 to our Eating and Lodging and Jlors Keeping as pr Marches Hill lor Captn John Stark and David star- ; Tour. ion the Rule of Oort the Brat i In Londonderry 1 Pay of my noses Sentcrs in Lit. h ti.-l.l al th.- Second Knl..- ,,fC,.,rt. For 1 Day of my Salf at Is i;.l per Day and 1 day "| i M \ horsat Is lid per Day ITTI - IV1, '. '" Exp ssea to Portsmouth to, nrj Salf and Captn John Stark and David Starrett, in the whole at sundry plasses ' towel ass fee3 Dolers ili]is.,t Dwiers 2 mngs '" Cash p.nd to Corll Goffe In mr marches In ports- month at Chaster to a mala ofotes and a jil of Run, „ C ing to 12 Days of my Salf at 2s per Day to hors hire to Portsmouth to Capn John Stark and liavid Starrett accounts for Ex- panse a Coming horn from Portsmouth which Ex- pance Said mc Clintock paid at grenlan to 1 Bowl of Todoy and two moss oles at Exetor a- by folsomes liill for Eiting and Drinks anil ai KingBtown for Loging and hore Keeping at Chaster to Eating and Drinks and otes At this meeting it was voted that Extra Expenses !•• Traveling foes one Hundred inil.-s at 2p per mil,' . the above is the whole of the Conlls act onnl Exceptd £ i aptn John stark account as Evidence, attendance at Samuel Thompsons In Londonderry .", I',,- and Travling fees 24 miles at 2,1 per mile to a Day attendance and traveling fees al SEoses Stan- ters Jun., Litchfield 19 miles at 2d pr mile .... to your attendance at Portsmouth upon Semance at the Superior Coil,' ami traveling fees loll Hides ,i ;,] ,,, mile I" '< I 'ays :, il, -n, I, |„ , at Is lid pel day at Said ( ', ,i t . . the above is the total of Capn Stark account, F. Expected. Capt'n John moore attendance first Rule Corte Day Is 6d to thir Rule at Santera Is 6d attendance as a an Evedence 1st time Is 6d the second time for the Supperor Can 1- id travling fees 1< miles at 2d per mile the above is the total of Captn moot account E Expected. I'avid Starettsaco ,t against lb,- Town of Derryfield, Dr. for gov, ing t,, Cor'U Goffe's wife ui„,n sum s and Expance to Santers In Litchfieldl Day of my Salf and Hors. . to Coppeys at Sundrey times Pointing the Case to G Days attendance at the Supperer Cor( up,, ance at 2s per Day to Hors Hiere to Portsmouth 0,; m; 12 o 06 £01 in Oil 'A committee ot five n !„■ chosen t,, settle all accounts Between Levt. John Hall and the town of Derryfield, and this Committee shall have full power ,,t .,,i,., ,, ,„„ „, ,„ i„i,aif ,,| said town, to make a Com- plete and final settlement with said Hall and make a report to the Town The settlement was, no doubt, soon alter effected. The expense of this suit to the town had amounted to £43 17*. 8d, more I htm the whole tax of the town. "21y, to see if the Inhabitants of Said town will Vote to Give the Revr. George Gilmore a Call to the Worke of the Menistry in said Derryfield to ho their M, -nester. • :lv. to S,, h,,u much yearly Salary they Will Vote the said llilmore l i i heir Call. "4ly, t,, s,-e h,,w much Setelment Money they Will Vote the said Gil- more if lie Except their Call. "51y, loSee if they Will Vote to Sand a man or men to treet. with the said Gilmore and agree about the mater as the town pleeses to order." September ij, 177::, it was " VoUdto Dismis the above Warrant but the town thought Best to sand for the Revr. George Gilmore, and it was put to vote and the Town voted to sand for the Revr. George Gilmore as sun as possible t m,l preach with us Eighth Hays up,,,, Carder Trill." I >ecember 23d, year it was The Town of Derryfield! I'r. n, two jounuies the Copey of the writ I, 03 t ' I'-' V t"l the Cnppj ,,1 the write I I ( )4 1769, Septmr. at the Infereor Cort to mr pickren as a fee . 12 to Hors Jorney to Portsmouth, 6s and ottes for Said Hors 2s, to hors keeping 2s 10 to my own time four Days at 2s per Day 08 lo Expanses while Cm- n, port-in, ,n!|, 06 "Toted on the third Articul in the Warrant toGiv, Revt. George Gil- niorea Call to the Work ,,r the Ministry to be our settled Minister in Said Town. "Then Voted on the fourth Articul in the Warrant to Give the Revtl George 611m thirty Pounds Lawful! money in Cash, for his annual Settled yearly Salary S,, I g .,s i„. the Said Gilmore Contenes to be our f, ttled minister in said Town. " Toted mi the Said Articul to Give the Revt. George Gilmore for a Settlement thirty Pounds Lawful] money in Cash and Sixty Pounds Law- lull iiiem-v i,, i„. paid in Labour at tw,, shilling- Lawful] per Day for man and the Same for oxen, the Said Labor is to be paid in fol mencing from the time thai th,- Said Gilmore Exooptsand settle, with us in Said town fifteen Pounds per year and the Above Cash within one year C''"' "" the fifth articul in the Warrant to Cliuse a Committee l,, treet with the Revt. George Gilmore Relating the above Votes, then Voted David Starret, Samuel Boyd, John perham and Levtn. .lames mac Callev to l„, the c, itlee and 1; e report to the Town. MANCHESTER. "Then Voted I" adjourn this ting till tin.- tlnr.l i day in lebru- ary to the houBe of Levtn. John halta, at one of the Clock in the after- noon on the Said Day. "Deeevfield, February the 21th Day, 1771. "Then meet aeoMidinu' to adjournment the moderator and Clerk pres- ent and the meetin Caled, then Voted to Dismis the Sixth arti.nl in the Warrant by Beson that the above Committee had not Received anej an swer from the Revt. Gearge Gilniore." Nothing was done towards repairing the meeting- house during the Revolution, an.d it became much dilapidated. On the 22d day of May, 1780, au attempt was made to sell the "pew ground," for the purpose of raising money to repair the meeting-house, but the project was voted down. June 3, 1783, it was " Coted to Raisone hundred Dollars and to apply the Same toarda lie- pairing the meeting-house in Derryfield and that the same Be liaised this present year the one half in money and the other suitable meterials sutch as Shall Be Excepted be Hereafter Choosen for that purpose. " Voted that Major Webster, Levt. Dan'l hall and Samuel Stark Bo a Committy to provide meterials and Labourers to do the Work and to Repair the meeting-house So fer as tin' aforesaid Hundred Dollars will Do." But the repairs were not completed, and September 24th, of the following year, it was voted to raise fifty dollars towards repairing the meeting-house. In 1790 an effort was made, and with success, to sell the "pew ground" and finish the house, and March 1st of that year it was " Voted to sell the Pew Ground, to finish the Meeting-house." Major John Webster, John Green and John Hall were chosen a committee to sell the pew ground. The committee sold the ground at public auction, on the 22d of June of that year, upon the following conditions: "The Conditions of Sail of the Pew grouud in Derryfield meeting- house agreable to an advertaement published hearing Date June^the 4th, 1790, by the subscribers is as follows : " lstly. the ground for each pew to be built on, will he Struck off to the Highest Bidder, they giving good security to the. Committee for the Sum of money that sd grounds is sold n.r t le- t<> help to repair the meet- ing-house this year. " 2dly. He that Purcheseth any of the above pew ground shall have a bill of Sail from the Committee in their Capacity of the number .V, price that it Cost them, to be Recorded m D'-rrylield Town Book. "3dly. The Buyer must pay two-thirds of the purchise in Glass, Nailes, or marchantable Clahhoards or Putty at or before the first day of Sep- tember Next, & and the Remaindering third in Cash at or before the first Day of January Next. "given under our Hand, Dated at lienytield June J2d, 1790. "John Weiss-tee, John Hall, Committee Men." The sales were thus : Mai John Webster . . Daniel Davise .... . Daniel I [all . Capt. John Perham . . James Gorman . . . . John Green . Capt. John Perham . .John Hall . Levt. David Merrell . . John Stark, Jr . . . . Jonathan Cicely . . David Webster . . . Joseph llaseltine . , William Nutt . . . , Dot ii -inliii Duston Abraham Aiiimy . [sreal ^ oung . . . . John Dickey . . . . . Capt. Samuel Moor Tl, isGriSfen . . . John ladle . Maj. John Webstei . The purchasers built their pews immediately, and the lower part of the house was of respectable finish. March 5, 1792, it was "Voted to raise forty dollars to Repair the Meeting House. ■'Voted that the Selectmen lay out the Money to Build the Gallery Stare- and Lay the Gallery tl.ires." The stairs were built and the floors laid, and on the 30th day of October following "it was " Voted to sell the Pew Ground in the Gallery*, A the pews to be five feet in frount from the Wall." " Voted that the pew ground be sold at Vendue." " Voted that the Selectmen he a committee to sell the pewa." The sale took place on the loth day of November, 1792, on the following conditions : "Debrvfii.i.11, No\. loth, 1793. "Articles of the Sale of the Pew ground in the Gallon's of the Derry- field Meeting-House. " Artical first, the highest bidder shall be the purchaser. " 2dly. No bid shall be excepted less then sixpence. "3dly. the purchesor shall gh e security to the K\coptance ..I the mittee to he paid by the last day of May Next. " -Hlily. tile purchesor shall have for his security the plan A ii,e \n ,,t the pew struck oft to him Recorded in the Town Book. "5thly. the committee shall have Equal Liberty to hid with the other inhabitants. Struck orl to William Perham 1 10 " David Stevens 2 13 " John Stark 3 10 " Able Huso 1 7 " " James Majorey 1 6 " Samuel Smith 1 5 6 " " Capt John Perham .... 2 13 " " Capt Samuel Moor .... 1 12 •' William Perham 1 ID " " Able Huse 1 5 " " Green Simons 1 7 " William Stevens 1 7 " " Daniel Davie 1 6 " John Hall Jr 1 8 fi £20 12 C 94 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The house, however, was never finished. Conten- tion and discord had borne their fruits. The majority of the people cared but little about the building, and at no time was it tit for public worship. The Rev. Mr. Pickels (says Judge Potter, in referring to this old house), an eccentric clergyman of that time, preaching in it as late as ahoul 1 " : tool his hearers to task for not finishing and repairing the house. After telling them of their duty in this matter in a very forcible .strain, as was his wont, he elosed by oaming t<> them the penalty for not doing their duty in this particular. "Why," continued he. "if you don't repair the house ofGod,thed — 1 will come in and cany you out at the crack-." It is said, that for fear of the penalty, the house was immediately repaired so as to prevent any such egress for his satanie majesty and the delinquent hearers. The Rev. William Pickels was a native of Wales, where he married Margaret Tregallis. After emigrat- ing to this country he preached for a time in Phila- delphia. He came into the neighboring town of Bed- ford - imewhere about 17*7. He preached in Bedford, some years, a portion of the time. At first he was very popular as a preacher, and it was proposed to settle him, but for some reasons, not readily accounted for. an opposition sprang up against him in Bedford, and became so violent as to forbid the idea of a settle- ment. His enemies charged him with dissolute habits in Philadelphia, but the charge was stoutly denied by his friends. At length the strife waxed so warm and became so pointed that Lieutenant John Orr ottered to lava wager of fifty dollars that the charge was true. The wager was taken by Mr. Pick- els' friends, and Mr. William Riddle was agreed upon as the agent of the parties to proceed to Philadelphia and investigate the charge. His report was to be final. Mr. Kiddle went to Philadelphia on horse- back, investigated the matter, found the charge untrue in every particular, returned and reported the result. There was great exultation on the part of the winners and they met at the store of Isaac Riddle, Esq., to re- joice over the victory. Mr. Riddle was designated as their agent to go to Mr. Oil's and get the wager. He accordingly waited upon Mr. Orr and made known the result of the investigation. Without making a remark, Lieutenant Orr went to his desk and paid over the money. Mr. Riddle took the money back to the winners, and it was spent at the counter in liquor for the multitude. But the result did not stay the opposition against Mr. Pickels, and he was forced to abandon the idea of a settlement. He. however, con- tinued to preach in Bedford a portion of the time for some sixteen years. His friends would pay their money for no other man as long as he was in the neighborhood; and as they constituted near one-half of the people in Bedford, ami among them some of the most influential, Mr. Pickels continued to "supply the pulpit " ahoiit one-half of the time. The part of the time be preached in the vicinity, mostly in Derryfield. At length an opposition sprang up against him here, probably having its origin in Bed- ford, and it was thought best to settle the question of his employment in town-meeting. Accordingly, in the warrant of October 19, 1796, was the following article: "4thly. TV see if tile town wilt vote to raise money for the purpose of hiring Mr. William 1'irUels to Preach lor them some part of the year Eosueing, if he can he obtai I." At the meeting November 7, 1796, it was 1 p:u-t of the Year Ensue- From this time he continued to supply the pulpit in this town till 1804, sometimes hired for a specific num- ber of Sabbaths, and again to " preach out the money raised." About 1804 he removed to Maine, where he continued to reside until his death. Mr. Pickels was an eloquent preacher and a fine scholar, but very eccentric in his habits. He finally announced his belief in the doctrine of universal salvation. The First Congregational Church. — This church was formed by the union of a Presbyterian Church, which was organized at Manchester Center May 21, 182$, and a Congregational Church, organized at Amoskeag December 2d of the same year. The Presbyterian Church never had a house of its own and a pastor was never settled over it. For a few months alter its formation its pulpit was supplied by the Rev. William K. Talbot. In 1833, Benjamin F. Foster was ordained as an evangelist, and he for some time furnished occasional preaching. Those of its members who united with the Amoskeag Church to form another at the new village in Manchester were Moses Noyes, Lucy Noyes, Robert P. Whitte- more, Hannah Jane Whittemore, Jennet Dickey, Elizabeth Hall, Sally Whittemore, Eliza A. Moor, Jerusha Griffin, Maria Noyes, Elizabeth Stark, Abby Stark, Mrs. F. G. Stark. ' Like the Presbyterian Church, the Congregational was without a house or a pastor of its own. Among those who occupied its pulpit were the Rev. B. F. Foster (who divided his time between this church and the one at the Centre), the Rev. Mr. Noble, the Rev. Mr. French, the Rev. Mr. Stone (afterwards a missionary in Siam), and Cyrus W. Wallace, who be- gan bis labors with it on the last Sunday in April, 1S39, and wdio afterwards became its pastor. About that time the church began to hold meetings at the new village in Manchester with the approval of the I church at the Centre, sustaining thus the first regu- lar Sunday services in what is now the compact part of the city. At the time when it ceased to exist as a separate church its members were Daniel Farmer, i George Berry, Samuel Poor, Henry Peacock, Nahum Baldwin, Betsey Farmer. Mrs. Samuel Poor, Mrs. 'Nahum Baldwin, Lettice McQuesten, Betsey Flan- MANCHESTER, ders, Mary Rodgers, Lydia Drew, Harriet Jones, Mary C. Perry, Catharine French, Mrs. Pollard. It had become by this time patent that a union of these two churches would be a gain toeach, and that the place for the new church was at the village which the manufacturers were building on the east bank of the Merrimack. The union was effected August 15, 1839, by a council which met first at the house of Phinehas French in Amoskeag village, and then adjourned to Franklin Hall, ami the church thus formed was called the First Congregational Church in Amoskeag, a house of worship being built for its use at the new village in 1839. The name was afterwards changed to that of the First Congregational Church in Manchester. Cyrus W. Wallace, then a licentiate of the Londonderry Pres- bytery, had already, as has been said, commenced his labors with the Amoskeag Church, but did not preach as a candidate for settlement. He supplied the pulpit till November of that year, and then re- ceived a call to become the pastor of the church and society. He accepted the invitation and was or- dained January 8, 1840, being the first minister ever ordained and installed in the town. At the time of the union of the two churches Moses Noyes was the deacon of the Presbyterian Church and Daniel Farmer of the Congregational Church, and by mutual agreement they became the deacons of the new church, continuing in office till death removed them, the one in October, 1860, and the other October 30, 1865. Dr. Wallace, who had been the pastor of the church since its formation, and whose uninterrupted service with one church far exceeded in length that of any other clergyman ever settled in Manchester, sent bis resignation to the church January 11, 1873, and it was accepted by the latter, to take effect the last of August. Edward G. Selden accepted a call to succeed Dr. Wallace, and was ordained Decem- ber 16, 1873, and dismissed in 1885. By a vote of the church, '"as an expression of their affectionate re- gard," Dr. Wallace was made " pastor emeritus " of the church on the 1st of January, 1874. The church has a membership of about six hundred. A meeting of persons interested in forming a Con- gregational society was held at Amoskeag April 1, 1838. These were organized as the First Congrega- tional Society in Amoskeag Village, and at an ad- journed meeting on the 27th adopted a consti- tution and chose Daniel Farmer, president ; George W. Kimball, secretary ; Nahum Baldwin, Samuel Poor and George Perry, directors. Shortly after the formation of the society a vote was passed to form the Amoskeag Joint Stock Com- pany for the purpose of building a church in Amos- keag village. This vote was rescinded, other plans and places were discussed and in 1839 it was decided to build a house of worship on Hanover Street, near Elm. The Amoskeag Company gave the land and the Stark Mills gave live hundred dollars to help build the church. Other means were obtained by making shares of stock, which were soon taken up. The house was begun in the spring, finished in the autumn and dedicated in November of 1839. It then contained one hundred and twenty-two pews and would accommodate six hundred and fifty persons. During the process of building, the society, which hail already left Amoskeag, worshiped in Franklin Hall, on Amherst Street, nearly in the rear of the present church. In L852 tin- house was enlarged, the congregation worshiping meanwhile in the city hall. About 1842 a vestry or chapel was built just back of the church. About 1846 the society forsook its original name and took that of the First Congregational Society in .Manchester. January 9, 1865, it having been twenty- five years since the settlement of the Rev. Dr. Wal- lace, the event was celebrated by the society and other friends by a gathering at Smyth's Hall, Peter K. Chandler, then president of the society, in the chair. Dr. Wallace preached a commemorative sermon, and addresses were made by the Rev. Thomas Savage, of Bedford, a member of the council convened to settle Mr. Wallace; the Rev. Henry E. Parker, of Concord; the Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, D.D., of Concord ; the Rev. Henry M. Dexter, of Boston, and the Rev. William H. Fenn, of Manchester, former pastors of the Franklin Street Society; William G. Means, of Audover, Mass., secretary and treasurer of the first society from 1842 to 1854 ; and John B. Clarke, of Manchester. Dr. Wallace was made the recipient of several articles in testimony of the regard of his people. The present church edifice was completed in 1880, at a cost of about sixty-five thousand dollars. It is a substantial and commodious brick structure, beauti- fully located, and has a seating capacity of thirteen hundred and fifty. It was dedicated May 12, 1880. The Franklin Street Congregational Church was organized May 7, 1844, as the Second Congregational Society, with the following offi- cers: John Crosby, president; Abram Brigham, clerk and treasurer; William C. Clarke, Thomas Carleton, Walter T. Jaquith, directors. On the 27th of June, of the same year, a church was organized in connection with the society. The first pastor was Rev. Henry M. Dexter, who was ordained November 6,1844. They worshiped in the town hall until its destruction by fire, then in a chapel on Concord Street and a hall in Patten's block, then in the new town hall until the completion of their present house of worship, on the corner of Market and Frank- lin Streets. April 25, I860, the name was changed bom Second Congregational to Franklin SI ml So- ciety. The church building was remodeled in 1878 at an expense of about twenty-three thousand dollars, and the seating capacity increased to fourteen hun- dred. A tower was added, in which has been placed HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE :i chime of nine bells, weighing seven thousand five hundred pounds, the gift of ex-Governor Smyth. Mr. Dexter remained pastor of the church until March 14, 1849, when he was dismissed. His cessoi was Rev. Henry S. Clarke, who was installed September 26, 1849. The latter remained till July 1, 1852, and November 3, 1852, Rev. Samuel C. Bart- lett was installed. He was dismissed February 18, 1857, and his successor, Rev. Aaron C. Adams, was settled on the 22d of July, of the same year. He left September 22, 1858, and Rev. William H. Fenn became pastor February 10, 1859, remaining over seven years, being dismissed July 17. 1866. lie was followed by William J. Tucker, who was ordained January 24, 1867, and continued pastor of the church until April 21,1875. The next minister was Rev. Washington Choate. ilis installation occurred Sep- tember 29, 1875, and his dismissal December 26, L876. William V. W. Davis was ordained and installed September 12. 1877, and dismissed September 25, 1882. Rev. George P.. Spalding, I >.!>., having re- ceived a call from this society, resigned his pastorate at Dover, and was installed pastor of this church February 14, 18X2, and is the present pastor. First Baptist Church. 1 — The first church in this town was of the Baptist denomination, and was or- ganized in 1812, under the pastoral care of Rev. David Abbott. It consisted of fourteen members. It flour- ished under Mr. Abbott's teaching until 1820. \t that time it numbered twenty-two, when dissensions among the brethren crept in, and the spirit of religion went out and the church was broken up. In 1829 a Methodist Episcopal Church was organized, and in the following year a house of worship was erected. This was the first meeting-house finished in Manches- ter. In 1831-32 the Rev. Matthew Newhall, from the New Hampshire Conference, was stationed here. With the above exception, the First I'.api ist Church of this city was the first church in town to call and set- tle a pastor. This church was gathered by Rev. John Peacock, who has left on record the initiatory steps of its organization, as follows : "Lotto's Day, July 26, 1835. "The Baptist Church in Gotlstown voted I hi- cell an ecclesiastical 1 foi advice, and to take such action as in their wisdom the hest interests >l the i hurt i> maj seem to require." January 4, 1837, in pursuance of the foregoing ac tion, a council consisting of the following brethren assembled in Roger Williams Hall, at Amoskeag vil- lage, to wit : Rev. George Evans, Horace Eaton and others, of the Goffstown Church; Rev. D. D. Pratt, of Nashua ; Rev. A. T. Foss, of New Boston ; Rev. Mark Carpen- ter, of Milford ; Rev. Bartlet Pease, of Hudson : Rev. Samuel Abbott, of Bedford; and Rev. S. C. Pratt, of New Hampton. After full deliberation, the council voted unani- mously to recognize John Peacock, Daniel Gooden, Andrew J. George, John Washer and their associates of the Amoskeag Branch as an independent church. The following are the forty-five original members who were thus publicly recognized : Rev. John Peacock, Deacon Daniel Gooden, John Stevens, Stephen Washer, John Washer, Andrew J. George, Hopie Tewksbury, Betsey Tewksbury, Elizabeth Melntire, Zilpah Gould, Abigail Rider, Eliza Mc- Ihifrie, Mrs. Mary It. Peacock, Mrs. Marinda Gooden, Mrs. Susan M. st. mi, Mj> Louisa A. Washer, Mrs. Polly Washer, Emily George, Lettice Caldwell, Abigail Caldwell, Dolly Leonard, Mary J. Tewksbury, Lucy Ann Chellis, Rebecca Dean. Mary Ann Smith, Lucy Reed, Mary Runtm, Kineline Towle, Mrs. Caroline II. Goodwin, Rachel Colby, Mary Muzzy, Jane McCoy, Maria Davis, Lavina Kimball, Lydia Caldwell, Sarah Whipple, Lois Smith, Nancy Tewksbury, Rhoda Ann McCoy, Hannah Lord, Salty Follcnsbee, Harriet X. Plumer, Judith H. Planter, Sarah Lord, Mary Ann Marsh. Rev. John Peacock continued the pastorate until the following October, when, at his own request, he received from the church a letter of dismission and recommendation to the church in Peterborough. 1 Hiring these few months, nineteen had been added, — by baptism, six; and by letter, thirteen. Removals, ten, — by letter, seven ; exclusion, three. July 9, 1838, Rev. Ephraim K. Bailey entered upon the pastorate, and the church, having removed to the new village, assembled for religious worship in Wash- ington Hall, on Amherst Street. October 17, 1839, a contract was made between Daniel Gooden, John B. Goodwin, Dr. J. II. Morse and J. W. Watkins, on the part of the First Baptist Society, and E. Morri- rison and William McPherson, on the other part, for the erection of a church edifice on a lot of land situ- ated at the corner of Manchester and Chestnut Streets, given to the society by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. Agreeably to the contract, a brick building w:is erected, seventy-six feet long by fifty-eight feet wide and twenty-six feet from the principal Moor to the beams. The enterprise was completed at an expense of MANCHESTER. 97 about six thousand dollars, and in the autumn of 1840 the church was dedicated to the service of God. "At a church-meeting, September 22, 1840, it was Voted, That this church shall hereafter be called and known by the name of ' The First Baptist Church in Manchester.' " The pastor, Rev. E. K. Bailey, having served faith- fully and successfully during the period of three years and five months, severed his official connection with the church and society December 19, 1841. The results of his pastorate in additions to the Church were one hundred and twelve, of whom thirty were by baptism, eighty by letter and two on expe- Bemovals, twenty-one, — by letter, sixteen ; by death. three; and by exclusion, two. Rev. James Uphain entered upon the pastorate January 16, 1842, and resigned January 16, 184;!. There were gathered into the church through the faithful services of this beloved pastor, one hundred and thirty, — by baptism, forty-nine ; by letter, seven- ty-six; experience, four; and by restoration, one. Removals, thirty-two, — by letter, twenty-nine; by death, one; and by exclusion, two. Rev. Benjamin Briefly served as pastor of the church from December 10, 1843, to May 24. L846, in- clusive, — a period of two years and six months. It was mainly through his influence that the Sec- ond Baptist Church in this city was constituted, about thirty members of the parent church having been dismissed on tin 1 27th of October, 1845, for that pur- pose. During the pastorate of Mr. Rrierly one hundred anil forty-one members were admitted to the church, — by baptism, thirty-seven; by letter, ninety-nine; and on experience, five. Removals, one hundred and four, — by letter, seventy- four ; by death, nine; and by excommunication, twenty-one. Rev. Thomas < ». Lincoln's pastorate commenced August 9, 1846, and terminated August 11, 1850. lie served four years, resulting in additions to the church of one hundred and thirty-nine, — by baptism, fifty : letter, eighty-four; on experience, two; and by restoration, three. Removals, one hundred and forty-five, — by letter, ninety ; by death, fourteen ; dropped, thirty-six ; and by exclusion, five. Rev. Isaac Sawyer's pastoral care of the church commenced November 3, 1850, and terminated by his resignation May 28, 1854. During this pastorate there were received into the church one hundred and sixty-one members, — by baptism, one hundred ; by letter, forty-nine; on experience, nine; and by resto- ration, three. Removals, one hundred and thirty-one, — by letter, seventy-one; by death, sixteen; dropped, forty; and by exclusion, four. Re Rev. B. F. Hedden served the church as pastor two years, from September 24, 1854, to September 29, 1856, inclusive. He received into the church forty-seven members, — by baptism, twenty-six; by letter, eigh- teen; on experience, one: and by restoration, two. During this pastorate there were seventy removals, — by letter, fifty-eight ; by death, eleven ; and by ex- clusion, one. Rev. George Pierce was the pastor of the church eight years and six months, from March 15, 1857, to October I, 1865. During this pastorate there were added to the church one hundred and ninety-one members, — by baptism, one hundred and ten ; by let- ter, sixty-seven : on experience, thirteen ; and by restoration, one. Removals, one hundred and sixty- three, as follows: By letter, eighty-two; by death, thirty-four; dropped from the rolls, forty; and by exclusion, seven. Rev. N. C. Mallory entered upon the pastorate December 10, 1865, and resigned July 1, 1870, having served the church in the pastoral office four years and seven months. The additions to the church received by Mr. Mallory were ninety-five, of whom forty-five were by baptism ; by letter, thirty-five ; on experience, fourteen ; and by resto hundred and six, — by fourteen; dropped from two; and by excommur July 8, 1870, the c ited by a most destructive fire, consuming a vast amount of valuable property, and the meeting-house in which the church had worshiped thirty years be- came a heap of smoldering ruins. The pastor had been dismissed but a few days, and thus the church was left houseless, homeless and with- out a spiritual guide. After the loss of their house, among the first things proposed by the church and society was the erection of a new one. A lot of land situate on the corner of Concord and Union Streets was procured and contracts made for the construction of a church edifice on a scale the proportions and expense of which far exceeded the old building. In the mean time the church and society extended a call to the Rev. Alfred C. Graves to become their pastor. The call was accepted, anil January 1, 1871, Mr. t rraves entered upon his work. The church and congregation held together with constantly in- creasing interest, working in harmony, shoulder to shoulder, apparently regarding their great misfortune a blessing in disguise. At first they worshiped in Music Hall, then in the old Unitarian house on Mer- rimack Street, and lastly in Smyth's Opera-House. The work upon the building went forward with en- ergy, and on the 14th day of July, 1*72, justone year from the laying of the comer-stone, the church and congregation held their first meeting for religious worship in their new vestry. Here they continued ds, one .t, fifty-nine; by death, oils of the church, thirty- on, one. of Manchester was vis- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW 11 AMI'SIIIRE. iu worship until the house was fully prepared for occupancy. April 30, 1873, the house having been completed in all its parts, was dedicated to the service of Umighty God. This beautiful structure, occupy- ing a most eligible and central position, is an orna- ment to the city, a credit to the church and soci( tj bj whose energy, courage and sacrifice ii was erected, and to the denomination which they represent. Mr. Graves continued to labor with the church with marked ability and faithfulness until the 1st of Oc- tober, 1876, having served a period of live years and nine months, when, by his resignation, his official connection with the church and society was termi- nated. During the pastorate of Dr. Graves 171 members united with the church, — by baptism, 92; by letter, oil; on experience, 27 ; and by restoration, 2. Re- movals, 74,— by letter, 41 ; by death, 2li ; dropped from the rolls of the church, 2; and by excommunica- tion, 5. William Hayne Leavell was pastor of the church live years, from May 4, 1-S77, to May, 1882, resulting in admissions to the church of 142, — by baptism, 87; by letter, 42 ; on experience, 10 ; and by restoration, 3. Removals, 72,— by letter, 45; by death, 24; and dropped from the rolls, 3. Rev. Clarion H. Kimball, our present pastor, united with the church August 25, 1882. He entered at once upon the duties and responsibilities of the pastoral office. He has gone forward in the work of the ministry with energy and ability, and has been successful in building up the church. The additions received by Mr. Kimball are 08, as follows: By bap- tism, 47 ; by letter, 20; by restoration, 1. Removals, 38, — by letter, 27; by death, 10; and by excommuni- cation, 1. It would lie an interesting chapter in our history could we state with accuracy the full contributions to the various charitable and benevolent objects of the day. Unfortunately, we have not always kept a record of our receipts and expenditures. It is believed, however, that, in this respect, we are not, in proportion to our means, behind our brethren in other sister churches. Many changes have occurred during the forty-eight years of our existence. Not one of the original mem- bers remains. Through sunshine and shadow a kind Providence has watched over u->; still, we have had our share of darkness and trial. Some have fallen by the way; many have passed over the river, and entered the promised land. With weariness and watching, others are ready and waiting to follow the loved ones who have gun.- before. All hope for a brighter day ; may the Lord pour out His Spirit upon us, " that we may be as a city set on a hill that cannot be hid ; that our light may so shine before men that they may see our good works and glorify our Father which is in heaven." SUMMAEY. January 4, 1S37, Original members 45 By baptism 679 By Utter 633 on experience 88 ition 16 1416 Total membership 1401 REMOVALS By letter By death In;. Dropped from Mi-- rolls 153 969 January 4, tss.\ uli-,1,- iiutiiI-lt --n the rolls of the church 49J Merrimack Street Baptist Church was organized October 31, 1845. Rev. A. T. Foss was the first pastor. Meetings were held in Classic Hall and other places until the completion of the brick church, corner Elm and Pleasant Streets, which they occupied February 22, 1849. In 1853 they adopted the name of Elm Street Baptist Church. Some misunderstand- ing arose concerning the purchase of the house, and in 1857 they left, and worshiped in Smyth's Hall until the completion of their present church, October 27th of that year. Mr. Foss was dismissed July 11, 1847, and was succeeded, December 26th, by Rev. J. C. Mor- rill, who left July 15, 1849. The next minister was Rev. O. O. Steams, who remained not quite a year, and was followed, in January, 1851, by Rev. Isaac Woodbury. January, 1853, Rev. John Peacock, form- erly pastor of the old Amoskeag Baptist Church, supplied the pulpit till the middle of April. In July, 1853, Rev. J. M. Coburn became pastor. His resig- nation was accepted ( letober 8, 1855, but seven weeks later he was invited to again become pastor, and accepted the invitation. He remained until Decem- ber 5, 1858, and Rev. King S. Hall was recognized as pastor March 30, 1859. He left September 4, 1862, and Rev. A. W. Chaffin succeeded him June 10, 1863. He remained till February 2, 1868, when his resignation was accepted. Rev. Alden Sherwin was installed November S, 1868, and dismissed in April, 1879. Rev. N.L. Colby has officiated since June, 1879. Pine Street Free-Will Baptist Church— The Free-Will Baptists held meetings in Manchester as early as the year 1838, and a society was formed in 1839. They built a house of worship, in 1842, at the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets, which they exchanged in the fall of 1859 for the church, on the corner of Merrimack and Pine Streets, previously occupied by the Unitarians. A separation took place in the society, and a large portion of the members left, and organized in I860 as Elm Street Free-Will Baptist Church. A council was called, and the re- maining members were reorganized as the Pine Street Free-Will Baptist Church. The first pastor was Rev. J. M. Bailey, who was installed December 21, 1S59. He closed his labors in November, 1861, and September 10, 1862, Rev. Reu- MANCHESTER ben V. Jenness was ordained. He resigned June 1, 1863, and was succeeded by Rev. Nahum Brooks. TJie latter resigned May 12, 18G9, and was succeeded by Rev. N. L. Rowell, 1869-73; H. F. Wood, 1*74- 70; J.J. Hall, 1876-79; N. L. Rowell, 1879-81; B. A. Sherwood, 1881; II. G. Corliss, 188:3-84. Merrimack Street Free-Will Baptist Church— The members of the First Free-Will Baptist Church who left and formed a new church commenced wor- ship in the old brick church on the corner of Elm anil Pleasant Streets. After some vicissitudes, they finally purchased the former house of worship, on the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets, which they now occupy. The pulpit was first occupied by Rev. J. B. Davis, who preached for a few months only. In March, 1861, Rev. J. A. Knowles was installed as pastor, continuing such till the 1st of March, 1871, from which date until July 2, 1873, when Rev. Samuel McKeown was installed, the church was without a pastor. Mr. McKeown resigned July 1, 1874, and Rev. George M. Park became pastor in November of that year. He resigned December 3, 1879. Rev. Lewis Malvern became pastor March 3, 1880, resign- ing his charge in December, 1882. Rev. A. M. Freeman has occupied the pulpit since March 4, 1883. The First Methodist Episcopal Church. -As early as 1820 Methodist services were held in the town-house at the Centre by one Reuben Peaslee. Religious services were subsequently held by Rev. John Broadhead, Caleb Lamb and others, and on September 27, 1829, a church was organized in Man- chester with eighty persons, among whom were Daniel Webster, John G.Webster, Joseph P.. Hall and Isaac Merrill. The erection of a house of worship was commenced at the Centre in 1829, and completed the following year, at a cost of two thousand dollars. The first pastor was Rev. Matthew Newhall, in 1830. The following is a list of pastors of this church from its organization to the present: JamesG. Smith, 1831 ; Leonard Bennett and Enoch H. Ladd, 1832 ; Silas Greene, 1833 ; Caleb Dustin, 1834 ; William S. Locke, 183:. ; Converse L. McCurdy, ls3t;-37 ; William .1. Kidder, 1838 ; Matthew Nuwhall, a second time in 1839; Joseph Hayes, 1840; John S. G. Gridley, 1841; William S. Locke, 1842-14 ; Charles H. Eastman, 1845-16 ; Ezekiel Adams, 1847 ; Horatio N. Taplin, 1848; Henry Nutter, 1549-50; Isaac W. Huntley, 1851 to November 6, 1852 ; Elijah R. Wilkins, 1853 ; Robert S. Stul.l.s, 1854; Harrison N. Hart, 18S5; Henrj Hntter, 1856 ; Loren H. Gordon, 1857-58; Amos B. Russell, 1859-60; Joaiah P. Stinchfield, 1861. There was no pastor in 1862 ; i: l: Wilkitll pn . bed here a part of the year. Hezekiah A. Matteson, 1863-64; William Hughes for a part of the fol- lowing year; Nathaniel I.- ChaS'-, lM,r,-ii7 ; .lames I lean, 18G8; J. Mowry Bean, 1869-71; Thomas Tyrie, 1»7^, but left the church; joined the Free-Will Baptists ; Charles W. Taylor, 1873-74 ; Watson W. Smith, 1875- 76; George C. N.iy.-i, ls77-78; William 11 ,K , ls79-si ; J,,,,.ph u Brown, 1882 ; Rev. James W. Presbry, 1883-85 ; J. W. Bean, 1885. St. Paul's Church. 1 — The First Methodist Epis- copal Church in Manchester was organized Septem- ber 21, lsjn, at the Centre, where it still continues. The Second Church was organized December Hi, 1839, and is now known as St. Paul's Church. Its fust pastor, Rev. John Jones, was appointed in June, 1840. During that Conference year a chapel was built on the corner of Hanover and Chestnut Streets, h was subsequently removed to the corner of Pine and Merrimack Streets, has recently been enlarged and improved, and is now owned and used by the Christian Church. Mr. Jones was followed by Rev. Silas Green, who took charge in 1X41, and remained our year. His successor, Rev. Elibu Scott, found the chapel too small, and a new building was erected in 1842 on Elm Street, costing with the land and fur- uishings, sixteen thousand dollars. From that time until 1862 (lie church was known as the Elm Street Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1856 a third church was organized, called the North Elm Street Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. E. Adams, who had been at Elm Street two years, was its first pastor. About the middle of the year he took the agency of the Conference Seminary at Tilton, N. H., and Rev. C. N. Smith filled out his year. He was followed by Rev. G. W. H. Clark in 1856-57, and he by Rev. Charles Young in 1858-59. Rev. G. S. Dearborn was pastor in I860 and part of 1861. Before the close of 1861 he was transferred to Lisbon, and his year was filled out by Rev. Mr. Owens. In the spring of 1S(12 the two Elm Street societies were united. Bishop Baker named the new organi- zation the St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, and appointed Rev. James M. Buckley, now editor of the Christian Advocate, its first pastor. Rev. D. C. Babeoek was appointed in April, 1868, and continued with the church two years, during which time some three thousand live hundred dollars was expended in repairs. Under the labors of Rev. C. W. Norris, in 1878-79, the last dollar of a long-standing and bur- densome church debt was paid. The society known as the Tabernacle Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the spring of 1.875. Its pastors were Rev. J. B. Hamilton, three years; the late Rev. L. E. Gordon, of precious memory, one year; and Rev. O. S. Baketel, who closed his labors with the society in 1^79, when, in view of a new church enterprise previously started, and designed to provide a more commodious house of worship, both churches deemed it wise to unite again their strength. For about forty years St. Paul's Church had wor- shiped on Elm Street. As the city grew in size and business houses multiplied, the noise of trade became so great that it often disturbed the services. The society also suffered from the want of a suitable place in which to hold its social meetings, for it owned but one story of the building, the first floor being occu- pied by stores that were not under the control of the church. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The building was out of repair, and between spend- ing three or four thousand dollars on it and putting ii]> :i new church there was some hesitancy. When Rev. A. E. Drew was appointed to the pastorate, in 1880, lie at once began to learn the minds of the pen- pie, and found them quite generally in favor of anew church. The title by which the property on Elm Street was held permitted it to be used only for re- ligious services. This was a serious encumbrance upon its sale, and nothing could be done until it was removed. Mr. Drew spent the greater part of a year in securing its removal, and it was only through his determined perseverance that the work of disentan- glement was successfully completed. The old house was sold for twelve thousand dollars, and the parson- age which the society owned on Laurel Street for four thousand two hundred dollars, and over nineteen thousand dollars was raised by subscription. A building lot on the corner of Union and Amherst Streets was bought for five thousand seven hundred dol- lars; the corner-stone was laid June 3, 1882, and the completed structure was dedicated April 13,1883. The church is built of faced brick, with cut-stone window trimmings, the arches being adorned with hondstones and the buttresses being capped with stone. The audience-room is finished in ash, and with its stained windows and frescoed walls produces a very pleasing effect. It will seat eight hundred persons. The main vestry will seat six hundred, besides which there are class-rooms, parlors, kitchen and dining-room. The parsonage stands immediately north of the church, and is in the same style of architecture. It contains eleven rooms, is heated by furnace, lighted with gas, and has every arrangement for convenience and comfort, and is nicely furnished by the society. It is probably not equaled by any parsonage in the Conference. The entire eoBt of lot, church and parsonage, as com- pleted and furnished, was not far from thirty-six thousand dollars, and the society believe that a better church for the money does not stand in New Hamp- shire. There is no mortgage upon the property, and tin- society is free from debt. The plans of the church edifice were drawn by Win. M. Butterlield, a member of the church; the building committee consisted of David H. Young (chairman), Hilas Dickey, Wm. M. Butterfield, Charles Hutchinson and Clifford M. An- derson. These gentlemen, especially the first on the committee, gave a great deal of time and earnest effort to tin enterprise. Under their supervision the expenditures were made with unusual care, and great praise is given them tor the results, so highly satisfactory to all. But credit is especially due to Rev. Mr. Drew, who obtained and collected most of the subscriptions and had a general oversight of the whole work. He toiled early and late, amid mani- fold discouragements. He determined to conquer, and the church stands as a monument to his energy and persistency. He deserves all the good words that can be said of him in connection with this enterprise. A grateful society will ever hold him in remem- brance. The pastorate of Mr. Drew having expired, Bishop Simpson, in April, 1883, transferred Rev. J. M. Avann from the New England Conference (Eastern Massachusetts), and appointed him as the first pastor of the new church. St. Paul's Church has always been a revival church. Scarcely a year has passed without a goodly number of conversions. Up to December, 1884, twelve hun- dred and ten had united with the church on proba- tion, and doubtless five or six hundred other converts have gone from its altars to swell the membership of the other Protestant Churches in the city. The church has never had men of large means among its mem- bers, and it has suffered many disadvantages, so that social considerations have drawn many away from it to other churches in the city; besides this, the tran- sient character of a large part of the population has. scattered its former members far and wide over the country. The records show that three thousand seven hundred and fifty-one persons have been connected with this church from first to last in full membership. Xow that the church has better facilities for work, there is the prospect of increased usefulness, with the assurance that it will hold and assimilate those who are drawn to it. The first year in the new building has been oneof unusual success. One hundred and twenty-four have been added to the membership" — sixty-three by conversion and sixty-one by letter. The receipts from pew-rents and collections during the year have been four thousand six hundred and twenty-seven dollars,, one thousand and fifty-two dollars of which has been for benevolent objects and the remainder fi ir current ex- penses'. The present membership of the church is five hundred and seventy. The following is a list of former pastors, with the years of their service: John Jones, 1840 ; Silas Green, 1841 ; Klihu Scott, 1S4:> ; James w. Morey, 1843-44 : Osman C. linker, 1845 ; John Jones, 1840-17 ; Samuel Kelley, 1S4K ; Lorenzo D. Barrows, Is4'.< ; i liarl.s X. Smilh. 1850; Silas ouimiiy, 1851; John Spaulding, 1852; Elisha Adams, 1853-54; II II Ilartwell, 1M.V.7H ; Ilk-hard S. Host, 18.17 ; Henry Hill, 1- £ i9 } I I Currier, I860; ,la - M I'.u.-kl.-v, lsill-tl-.!: Jonathan Hall, 1863-64; William II. Thomas, 1866-66; Hiram L. Kelsey, 18G7 ; Daniel C. Bab- cock, 1868-69 ; E. A. Smith, 1870-72 ; James Pike, 187:1-74; C. B. Pit- blado 1875 77 ; George W. Xorris, 1S7S-70 ; A. E. Drew, 1880-82. The First Unitarian Society. 1 — The Unitarian Church in Manchester did not originate from a change of base on the part of an orthodox Congregational Church, as in so many cases in New England, nor yet in an open and formal secession from any existing ecclesiastical organization. It appears, rather, to have 1 n an independent movement, prompted by a desire, on the part of a few persons, to sustain liberal senti- ments in religion, and to worship God in a freer and happier way than seemed possible to them in the orthodox connection. In January, 1841, Rev. S. Osgood, a minister then l By Rev. E. B. Payne. MANCHESTER I'M residing in Nashua, began, by invitation, to preach the Unitarian faith in Manchester. Sabbath services were held for four months, when it was thought best to suspend them until the town hall, then in process of erection, should be completed, affording a more suitable place in which to bold the meetings. In March of the following year, 1S42, the town hall -was secured and services were resumed, with a view to making them permanent. Rev. Charles Briggs, secretary of the American Unitarian Association, in Boston, preached on a Sabbath, and Rev. O. H. Wel- lington was then engaged for the month of April. I hi Sunday evening, April 24, 1X42, pursuant to a call for a me'eting of those interested in sustaining Unitarian preaching in Manchester, the following persons met for consultation at the house of William Shepherd: John 1>. Kimball, William Shepherd, E. A. Straw, James May, M. G. J. Tewksbury, James McKeen W'il- kins. H. F. Richardson, B. F. Osgood, Edwin Bodwell, Herman Foster and J. H. Kimball. Afterthorough deliberation the following resolution ■was unanimously adopted : 11 Resolved, That we will form ourselves into a society for the more effectual support of t'nitai ian proa, lung in tin' Town of _M :in. li.-r.-i , ami that we will proceed, as soon as may be, t -ganize regularly undei the laws of this State." Messrs. 1 laniel ( 'lark and E. A. Straw were appointed a committee to draft ami report a constitution for such a society, and an adjournment was then had until \\ ednesday evening of the same week. At the adjourned meeting (Wednesday evening, April 27th) the committee, above mentioned, reported a constitution for the government of a religious soci- ety, to lie distinguished as the First Unitarian Society in Manchester, N. H. The preamble, as indicating the spirit ami purpose of the organization, is hereby appended : " Preamble. "Tin' object . .1 this Association i' In support an.leiijoy the more effect- ually tin- institution of our lu.lv relig Out helief is in the reality of Divine Revelation, aiel in the liiblc -is tie' n< on] of that revelation. Wo desire to know its truths, ami, in all charity aiel love towards our fellow- ruen, to maintain them. Su< h In in- purpose, we unite our-elves in . n with the Love of Sod, ami of Ins son, Jesus Christ ; the lovo of the Divine truths as taught by Christ during his mission upon the earth , aiel the love of all his children, our fellow-men and brethren, strong in our hearts. Imping to establish and maintain an altar where the sons of man may worship their Creator as their const iences shall dic- tate, untrammeled by any of these fettering creeds, Hie offspring of hu- man ingenuity alone. To ill. tin* we pledge our zealous and humble efforts, and in promoting this object it shall I ur endeavor to merge all local and party feelings and all sectarian prejudices, l'raying for Di- vine assistance, and hoping for the riches of God's grace and rcy, conscious of purity of intention, ..f mal ali'eetion, of a love fur truth, : ern forour fellow-men, we unite ourselves, for the further- ance of our object, into a religious society." flic articles of the constitution arc omitted from this sketch, as being only the business basis of the organ- ization and of no public interest. The preamble and constitution were unanimously adopted, and the orig- inal signers were as follows: E. II. Straw, William Shepherd, J. D. Kimball, Job Chamberlin, John H. Kimball. James May, George W. Tilden. < leorgc Hall. M. G. J. Tewksbury. Daniel Clark, Francis L. Clark, Alfred W. Rhoads, Benjamin F. Osgood, B. F. Man- ning. Isaiah Winch, .1. li. Upham, A. G. Tucker, J. B. Moore, 0. P. Warener, H. S. Reed, Charles F. Warren. E. A. Straw was chosen clerk ami treasurer, and at a subsequent meeting, May 1, 1842, John D. Kim- ball was elected president, and Messrs. William Shep- herd and B. F. Manning directors. The movement being now well launched upon its career, the members set hopefully to work to realize their objects. Rev. 0. H. Wellington became the first pastor. lie was ordained July 10, 1842, Rev. C. Stetson, of Mcdford, preaching the ordination sermon. The attitude of the religious community to- ward Unitarianisni was shown in the fact that, whereas the pastors of till the churches in the town were invited to be present at the ordination and assist in the ser- vices, they all declined except (lie pastor of the Uni- versalist Church. In the afternoon of the same day Rev. William Channing, of Nashua, preached before an assembly called to organize a church in connection with the society. In view of the above-mentioned action on the part of local ministers, it is curiously suggestive that the text of Mr. Channing's sermon was the words attributed to Jesus in John xvii. 22, 23, — "That they may lie one, even as we are one: 1 in them and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one." Thechurch was duly organized, the following per- sons.being the original members: BenjaminF. Osgood, S. Manning, Esther Parker, Melinda Osgood, Mehit- able Eastman, O. H. Wellington, C. A. K. Welling- ton, Susan Manning, John Cadwell, 11. M. A. Foster. The following statement was adopted as the basis of l heir union : "I. 'Ilns ~.. ieu in In v- ill it tie- liible is aii authoritative and stifn- i n i.l i nl n: '.nib and practice, and is the cried, and the . .Ill v creed, that should be imposed up.ui churches, and the only platform upon which all " II. A- God has made no two mindsalike, diversities el opinion, even among Christians, must be expected to occur,— diversities which no men, or body of men, have a right to suppress by any measures other than an a pp. al ' to I he law ami I he testimony,' by fair argument and persuasion, and not by expulsion from church membership or by the cry of heresy, and therefore this society recognizes, as itssecond leading principle, the light of private judgement " I I I A- I mo i 1 1 1 ; i \ l.i hove in correct doctrines ami yet ha ve corrupt hearts — may profess religion will t possessing il,— may comply without en- tering into their spirit ami ma\ ha \ e excellent feelings a ml enlot ions and yet not be Christian-, hot cannot live habitually tie- christian life and manifest the I Inistian tern tier ami spirit unless tlmy be cl.t ist a. m., tin- society therefore further declare that m lieu judgment tie. ' luiMian life and character are n ily tin., and reliable tests an •. ■ I I i -nans, and cheerfully agree to invite amlrec-ue to licet f.ll.w-liii all, both ministers and people, who niaiiil. -I thl- • baia. In and receive tin- Scrip- tures as their rule ol faith, however much any such may differ from the majority of the society in respect of opinions." It will lie seen from these declarations that the founders of the church made it their primary end to emphasize and espouse the practical and vital interests of religious life and work, and were com- paratively indifferent to theological and ecclesiastical concerns. lllj HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. For nearly a year more the public services of the new church and society were held in the town hall, but during the following year a lease was secured of a small chapel, built by the Methodists in 1841, and standing on the corner of Hanover and Chestnut Streets. The first services were held there on July 2, 1843. Some time during the summer this building was purchased from the Methodists and removed to a lot, donated by the Amoskeag corporation, on the corner of Merrimack and Pine Streets. Mr. Wellington remained as pastor only two years, when his health necessitated his departure, lie was suci eeded by Rev. A. Dumont Jones, who was installed July 10, 1844. Mr. Jones remained only until the end of March, 1845. From that time until 1848 the church was without a settled pastor, the pulpit being supplied by different ministers, none of whom re- mained lor any great length of lime, except Rev. M. J. Motte, who preached regularly for one year during 1S40 — 17. This was a period of great discouragement for the friends of the movement. Their numbers failed to increase, and debts were incurred, and the prospect generally seemed unpromising. Atone time a motion was made to dissolve the society. This, however, did not prevail, but seemed to inspire the faithful with a determination to persevere. Resolu- tion and zeal brought the enterprise through these disheartening days. A fortunate move was made in February, 1848, in extending a unanimous call to Rev. Arthur B. Fuller, a brother of the famous Margaret Fuller. The call was accepted and Mr. Fuller was installed March 29, 1848. The new pastor proved to be a mau of unusual talents, and during the five years of his pastorate the society was greatly increased and strengthened. It was found necessary to enlarge the church, which was done, its seating capacity being increased to the extent of twenty-four pews. The life and work of the church promised large and liberal things, but in 1853, Mr. Fuller, whose abilities had become widely recognized, received a call to the New North Church in Boston, and resigned his pastoral office in 1855. The society was now established and strong, and since thai time has held its ground and steadilj grown until it is now one of the leading religious organizations of the city and State, 'file pastors who have served the church since 1853 have been as fol- lows: Rev. Francis Le Barren, from August, 1853, to October, 1855; Rev. W. L. Gage, from June, 1856, to April, 1S58 ; Rev. Sylvan S. Hunting, from Septem- ber, 1858, to November, 1861; Rev. A. W.Stevens from September. 1862, to < id,, her. 1865; Rev. Au- gustus M. Haskell, from September 6, 1866, to March, 1869; Rev. C. B. Ferry, from December, 1869, to the summer of 1874; Rev. Harvey from November. 1874, to the spring of 1883. The present pastor is Rev. E. B. Payne, who was installed in 1-eebruarv, 1884. The church worshiped in the building on the cor- ner of .Merrimack and Pine Streets until 1859, when an exchange was made for a larger building, for- merly occupied by the Free- Will Baptist Society, and .standing on the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets. This building, in turn, they sold in 1871, and erected their present house of worship on the corner id' Beech and Amherst Streets, dedicating the new church in 1S7H. It remains to lie said only that the years have wrought significant changes in the mental and spiritual attitude of the society. It has gradually departed farther and farther from the orthodoxy of forty years ago. It no longer stands, in all respects, indeed, upon the platform provided by its original founders. It still emphasizes, as much as the older generation did, the practical and vital side of religion, rather than the. dogmatic and ecclesiastical interests. It would re- affirm, upon occasion, the sincerity of its intentions, — the love of man, the purpose of affording opportu- nity to worship in the tree and untrammeled exercise of conscience and the desire to do good in the com- munity where it lives and labors. But it has dropped out ,d' its thought and sympathy. almost entirely the theological ideas held by tile early members, and expressed or implied in the preamble to the consti- tution and ill the statement of principles on which the church was founded. Indeed, the church, as a separate organization, has disappeared, interest in it and the conscious need of it having ceased. There remains only the society. The Christian ordinances ,,f baptism and the Ford's Supper are no longer ob- served. The majority consider these as so much entangled with the orthodox and historical Christian faith that they ought to be passed by by those who seek the natural foundations, the real essentials and the sweet simplicities of religion. So, too, the ma- jority have ceased to trouble themselves with the vexing question whether or not we are, in the histor- ical and accepted sense, a Christian Church- They believe there is something which is indisputably nobler than to be Christians, — namely, to In- souls, genuine, generous, hale and happy souls, ready to accept every reality in itself and in its relations, and holding themselves as servants to the truth, when it is known. And even these ideas are not formulated into a church creed to compete polemically with the definite creeds id' other churches, and to constitute a dividing line between our little communion and an outside world regarded as hostile and alien. These sentiments indicate rather a drift of thought and feeling to which we gladly yield, asto a movement of the brooding spirit which appears to move on the waters. The society, in short, is a simple organiza- tion, uniting those who realize the moral quality, the spiritual significance and the impartial justice of the universe, and to accept it, before all Bibles, as- the revelation of the true, the beautiful and the good. MANCHESTER. 103 The Universalist Church, 1 — The germ of what is now the Universalist Society of Manchester was started in 1825 at Amoskeag village, by Dr. Oliver Dean, then agent of the manufacturing company out of which the Amoskeag Company grew. Dr Dean was a man <>l' energy and large business capacity, and the success of manufacturing in our city is largely due to his efforts. But he was not only a man of business capacity, but was a man of strong religious principles, and even before he settled per- manently in the community he invited ministers of his faith to the village and established Universalist preaching. Services were continued under his direc- tion until 1833, when we learn from the records these facts : On the 4th of September, 1833, the following persons associated themselves together as the First Universalist Church of Bedford and Goffstown, and partook of the Lord's Supper: Frederic A. Hadsdon, John Stark (3d), George Daniels, Hiram A. Daniels, John Mullett, Edwin Smith, David Fiske, Nehemiah Preston, Mary Parker, Mrs. Pattee, Nancy Poor, Moses Gage, John V. Wil- son and Caleb Johnson. There is now hut one of the original members living, the Rev. J. V. Wilson, who was ordained to the ministry in 1830. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Frederic A, Hadsdon. On the 20th of November, 1833, the church met at the school-house in Amoskeag, and chose Rev. Frede- ric A. Hadsdon moderator, and George Daniels clerk of the meeting. After adopting a declaration of faith and a constitution, ( iconic 1 >anicls was chosen clerk and treasurer, and Wilbur Gay a deacon. The meetings thereafter were held in Amoskeag Hall. The records were kept until November 21, 1833, at which time Archibald Dow was chosen moderator. The meeting dissolved and no further records of the church can be found. In the following year, 1839, the society removed to the village of Manchester, on the east side of the river, and erected the church now occupied by the society in the same year. The church was dedicated in 1840. The size of the house originally was fifty by eighty feet. The land on which the church stands was given to the society by the Amoskeag Company, and contains ten thousand square feet. It appears by the records that on the 12th day of April, 1842, several members of the society met at the residence of the pastor for the purpose of consult- ing on the subject of church organization. A com- mittee was appointed to report on the subject, and on the 10th of May following, a church was organized. Thus it appears that a second church was organ- ized, though there is no record that the first church was ever disbanded. Thus far we have only a record of churches. Whether during this period there had been a parish organization we know not, but there probably was. The oldest record is iii 1846. The •By Rev. L. F. McKinney. oldest record there is of a legal meeting is Decem- ber, 1850, at which time S. W. Parsons was elected president. The society has had in its history ten settled pas- tors, — Rev. Frederic A. Hadsdon, whose pastorate began with the history of the church and closed in 1837. Neil her the records nor the history of Man chester show that there was any other settled pastor until 1840, but older members of the society say that Rev. Hiram Beckwith was settled for two years after the resignation of Rev. Mr. Hadsdon. Rev.N.Gunni- son, the next pastor, began his services in May, 1840; he resigned in October of the same year. Rev. George W. Gage was ordained as pastor in June, 1841, and was dismissed at his own request in L843. In January . 1843, the Rev. B. M. Tillotson was settled as his successor, and continued in charge until October, 1859. Ee was succeeded by Rev. B. F. Bowles in June, 1860 ; he resigned in 1866. The Rev. S. L. Rorifaugh was installed June 26, 1867, and resigned October, 1868. He was succeeded, January 1, 1869, bj Rev. Thomas Berden, who resigned in December, 1871. The Rev. G. L. Demarest began his labors as pastor September 1, 1872, and closed his labors Feb- ruary 1, 1875. Rev. L. F. McKinney became pastor of the society on the 1st of May, 1875, and continues as pastor at the present time, or nearly ten years. After the building of the church the society prospered beyond expectation, and the house proved too .small for the congregation ; accordingly, in 1850 it was en- larged by an addition of twenty-five feet in width, or one-half its former size; it was rededicated the same year with appropriate services. In 1855 a vestibule was added to the front and the organ now in use pur- chased at an expense of three thousand dollars. In 1878, the church being in need of repairs, it was deter- mined to raise funds for that purpose. Eight thou- sand dollars was the estimated cost, which was readily subscribed, and in June of that year the work was c imenced, and under judicious management was completed at a cost of seven thousand dollars. The church was rededicated with appropriate services in October of the same year, Rev. A. J. Patterson, D.D., preaching the sermon. The one thousand dollars re- maining was applied to the payment of a debt of fifteen hundred dollars that had long been owed by the society. The following year the balance of the debt was paid, and from that time till the present the entire expenses of the society have been paid from the (icw rentals of the church. The society cele- brated the fiftieth anniversary of its organization on the 2d of November, 1883, with appropriate exercises. Twice in the history of the society a new society has been organized from it, but neither were destined to live. Nearly every society in Manchester numbers among its members those who once worshiped with the Universalists. Almost the entire wealth of one of the large societies was in time past connected with this organization. Some of the most influential men 104 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. in the city and State have been connected with this church, and few churches have done more to educate and liberalize the general public. The church build- ing is now the oldest in the city. The society is free from debt and prosperous. With a faithful member- ship in the future, as in the past, and the blessing; id' Gwl.it will still have a work to do that shall redound to the good of the community and the praise of Him who i-, the source of all truth. Grace Church.' — The first services of the Episcopal Church were held in the Bchool-house, on Lowell Street, on the second Sunday in July, 1840, by the Rev. I'. S. Ten Broeck, of Concord, and were followed by others, conducted by the Rev. T. Edson, of Lowell, and other clergymen. A ball in Onion Building was subsequently fitted for services, at which a meeting for lb -ganization of a church, to be known as St. Michael's, was held November 28, 1841, and on De- cember 17th the Rev. YV. 11. Moore was elected rector, and entered U] his duties on Christmas eve. A building, previously used by a Baptist Society.on Concord Street, was hired and occupied in June, 1842, and until December 28, 1.S4H, when the congregation removed to a new church, built of wood, on the north- east corner of Lowell and Pine Streets. < in the 5th of June, 1860, the corner-stone of a new church, to be built of stone, was laid on the same lot by Bishop Chase. The nan f the church was at this time changed to Grace < Ihurch. The church was built after designs by Richard Apjohn, and was con- secrated December 4, 1860. The church has grow n with the growth of the city, the present number of communicants being over two hundred. The following is a list of the rectors, with the duration of their rectorships: the Rev. W. H. Moore, from December 24, 1841, to April 2:i, 1848, six years and lour months; the Rev. John Kelly, from June IS, 1848, to April 1, 1852, three years and ten months; the Rev. I. G. Hubbard, from May Hi, 1852, to April 1, 1866, thirteen years and eleven months; the Rev. W. J. Harris, from June :;. 1866, to January 1, 1809, two years and seven months; the Rev. L. Sears, from November 1, 1869, to the present time, fifteen years and six months. St. Ann's Church (Roman Catholic).— In 1S44, when the ( atholie population of the town numbered about six hundred. Rev. William McDonald was ap- pointed as their pastor. They commenced worship the next year in Granite Hall, and, four years later, commenced the erection of a brick church, on the southeast corner of Merrimack ami Union Streets, known as St. Ann's. After they had begun to hold sen ices in it, it was found to be unsafe, and they were compelled to take ii down and rebuild it. The prop- erty, including a parsonage, is now valued at about sixty thousand dollars. The venerable Rev. William McDonald Mill remains the pastor at St. Ann's, assisted by Rev. John T. Lyons and Rev. John Griffin. St. Joseph's Cathedral.— St. Joseph's Church was built in 1809, on the southeast corner of Lowell and Pine Streets, being dedicated April 18, 1869. Rev. John O'Brieu was pastor until 1877, being succeeded by Rev. Thomas D. Healy, who remained in charge until June, 1880, when Rev. Denis M. Bradley became pastor. Rev. James Doherty and Rev. F. N. Burke have been his assistants. This church, on the occa- sion of the consecration of its pastor, Rev. Denis M. Bradley, as lirst bishop id' Manchester, was raised by the Holy See to the dignity of a cathedral, and is now known as St. Joseph's Cathedral. The right reverend bishop is assisted in attending to the spiritual wants of the people by Rev. Thomas Reilley, Rev. Denis Hurley and Rev. John Temin. The church property, including the new episcopal residence, is valued at about one hundred and twenty-live thousand dollars. Right Rev. Denis M. Bradley, Bishop of Man- chester — Bishop Bradley was born in Castle Island, County Kerry, Ireland, February 25, 1846. His father died in 1S.">:;, leaving his widow to care for their family of six children. In 1854 she came with them to America and settled in Manchester, N. 11., where the boyhood of Bishop Bradley was passed. He attended the Catholic schools of Manchester, and for a more lib- eral education entered the College of the Holj < Iross, located at Worcester, Mass., where he was graduated in 1867. In September of that year he entered St. Joseph's Provincial Theological Seminary, located at Troy, N. Y., where, June 3, 1871, he was ordained priest. Shortly alter his ordination he was assigned to the cathedral at Portland, Me., by Right Rev. Bishop Bacon, where he remained nine years, during which time he filled the various positions ot rector of the cathedral, chancellor of the diocese and bishop's councilor under Bishop Bacon, and also under his successor, Bishop Healy. Close applica- tion and long-continued attention to his various duties at Portland impaired his health, and in 1879, with the view of regaining it, he went to Europe, where he remained six months, and returning but slightly improved by the change and rest, re-entered Upon his duties at the cathedral, which had become even more exacting than when he left. After a short time, finding that he was unable to discharge the very laborious duties of his position, he was, on this ac- count, chosen by Right Rev. Bishop Healy, in June, 1880, pastor of St. Joseph's Church in Manchester, N. H., which position he held until consecrated to the high position id' bishop. It having been found that thediocese of Portland, embracing, as it did, the Stall's ..t' Maine and New Hampshire, was too large to be properly cared for by one bishop, the arch- bishop anil bishops of the province of Boston united in a petition to the Holy See to create New Hamp- shire anewdiocese, with Manchester as the Episcopal See. The Holy Father, in accordance with the prayer /^y^i^a ^ /b^ MANCHESTER. of the petition, created the See of Manchester, and appointed Rev. Father Bradley its first bishop. He was consecrated in his cathedral church, in Man- chester, June 11, 18S4, by the Most Rev. Archbishop ul Boston, at the age of thirty-eight years, four months and six days, thus being the youngest person in the history of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States to hold so exalted a position. There were present at the consecration ceremonies the arch- bishop, six bishops and one hundred ami eighty- five priests. Bishop Bradley has under his jurisdic- tion about eighty thousand Catholics, under the spiritual care of forty-live priests. There are in the new diocese forty churches, fifteen parochial schools, two academies for young ladies, two orphan asylums, one hospital and one home for aged women. Bishop Bradley is a gentleman of culture anil ba- the confidence and respect of a large number of the citizens of the State, irrespective of denominational boundaries. St. Augustine's Catholic Church (French).— To luv. .1. A. Chevalier's efforts is due the organization of the parish of St. Augustine. When he came here, in May, 1871, the French were worshiping at St. Joseph's and St. Ann's. He immediately took steps t -gani/.e a congregation of the French Canadians of the city, and soon held services in Smyth's Hall, which were well attended. Subsequently his followers worshiped eleven months in a ball at tin rner of Elm and Pleasant Streets, and then for two years in the church at the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets. Meanwhile money for a church edifice had been raised, and one was in the process of erection at the corner of Beech and Spruce Streets, it- dedication occurring November 27, 1874, which, with the parson- tig ■, is valued tit sixty-five thousand dollars. Rev. Mr. Chevalier still remains the pastor, and is assisted by Rev. C. Leafertune. St. Marie Catholic Church (French).— So large has been the increase of Manchester's French population th it St. Augustine Church soon became inadequate to accommodate the worshipers, and in ls.stl— SI another church, St. Marie, was erected in West Manchester, on Beauport Street, nearly opposite the McGregor bridge, lis dedication occurred in the spring of the latter year. The first pastor was Rev. Joseph I). liable. He remained in charge of the parish until March, 1882, when Rev. Peter llevey, the present pastor, was appointed as his successor. The church property, which includes a parsonage, is valued at eight thousand dollars. Christian Church.— September 21, 1870, in Whit- ney's Hall, Ferren's building, occurred a meeting which brought into existence the Christian Church in this city. A society was organized October l9thofthal year, and the men and women interested in what is technically known as the Christian beliefheld meet- ings in Whitney's Hall for a year. January 15, 1871, the First Christian Church was organized. The first settled pastor was Rev. < >. J. Hancock, assuming charge of the church August fi, 1X71. The next month the place of worship was changed to the city hall. Mr. Hancock left the church August 28, 1X72, tin. I shortly after was appointed superintendent of the Young Men's Christian Association. January 5, L873, Blisha H. Wright became pastor, remaining until Sep- tember 9, 1X7(J. The other pastors have been E. C. Abbott, from September 15, 1876, to February 10, 1879; D. B. Murray, from April 1, 1879, to April 1, 1880. fbc present pastor, Rev. Gideon T. Etidlon, has bad charge of the church since December IX, 1881. The society owns no real estate, but leases Mirror Hall as a place of worship, which it lias occupied since 1876. The church membership is one hundred and forty- one. St. James' Methodist Episcopal Mission Church. — This church was organized June 2, 1881, under the name of the People's Methodist Fpiscopal Mission Church, with twenty-three names upon the member- ship list. Services were held in the city hall for eighteen months, the church then removing to the chapel that bad been erected on Pennacook Street, near Pine, and has since worshiped there, but for the last few months under a new name, — the St. James' Methodist Episcopal Mission Church. The society greatly prospered under the ministration of Rev. William A. Loyne, who acted as pastor from its in- ception until April, 1885, when he was succeeded 1>\ Rev. Otis S. Danforth. Second Advent Society.— Believers in tin- second advent doctrine held services in Manchester as early as 1843, and have continued them most of the time since, worshiping in Granite Hall, Merrimack Hall, in halls in Museum Building, Merchants' Exchange and Mar- tin's Block. In 1881 a church was erected between Pearl and Arlington Streets, near the Ash Street School-house. Not till 1X70 did the Adventists have any organization, but on the 1st of August in that year they formed a society on the basis of a belief in the speedy coming of Christ, and the adoption of the New Testament as a rule, of life, making Christian character the only test of membership, 'fin- present chapel was dedicated January 2, 1881. The property owned by the Adventists, which includes a parsonage, is valued at five thousand dollars. Elder < lharles K. ( Irossett, who had been pastor of the society since its reorganization, in May, 1880, having resigned, a call was extended to Elder B. McLellen, of Lowell, which was ao epted in October, 1883. The Second Advent Christian Association controls the property. City Missionary Society.— In the spring of 1847, J. L. Seymour was employed as a city missionary by individuals interested in the cause of religion, who paid bis salary and hired a hall, where be opened a Sunday-school and conducted religious services. In this way the idea of ;i free church was suggested, and the building on the northwest corner of Merrimack and Beech Streets was built in I850,and dedicated on HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. I b 23d of i (ctober of that year. The land on which it stands was given by the Amoskeag Company, and the money which built it was the contributions of in- dividuals in the city, and of the Congregational and Presbyterian Churches in the State. The property is held in trust, on condition thatthe seats in the church shall be free, and that public worship shall be main- tained by the Manchester City Missionary Society, which was legally organized April 24, 1850. Shortly alter the church was built it seemed desirable that a church should be regularly organized to worship there. and December 30, L852, it was formally organized un- der the name of the Christian Mission < 'hureh, which has been extinct for many years. West Manchester Union Congregational Church was organized September 10. 1S.SM, with fifty members. Ira Barr, George Murdough and Adam Dickey were elected deacons, and Ira Barr clerk. On Thursday evening, September 13th, Charles F. Carter, of Chico- pee. Mass., a graduate of Andover Theological Semi- nary, was ordained and installed as pastor of the church. The building in which the society worships, located on Main Street, was constructed in 1820 by the resi- dents of Piscataquog who were of the Presbyterian faith; but the occupants of the ten dwellings then constituting the village were not able to support a pastor, and services were not held regularly, and in lN42the proprietors disposed of it. The purchasers fitted the upper portion for educational purposes, and an academy was opened that year. The Wesleyan Methodists held services in the lower part in 1855, For ten years, from 1856, the Presbyterians occupied it, having organized a church in 1859. In 1870 the church building was given to Mrs. Mary I'. Harris, through whose liberality it was repaired. She placed it in the hands of the Young Men's Christian Associ- ation, which leases it to the Union Congregational Society. Spiritualist Society. — This society was organized German Church of the New Jerusalem.— This church was regularly organized September 4, 1881, by Rev.A.O. Brickman. Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church.— This rh.trr in June, 1882. Services are held at the Mission Chapel. First Presbyterian Church ( German ). — The church organization was effected July 26, 1882, by the Pres- bytery of Boston. The pastor, Rev. Fred. Erhardt, was installed October 16, 1882. French Protestant Church.— The organization of this church was effected March 24, L881, when the first pastor, Rev. Gideon Aubin. was installed. CHAPTER VII. MANCHESTER^ Coiiliniied). Odd-Fellowship— ottwi I..™!-.- .ml s tn-s— 'Die Modget Canal- Driving Park— Court-House— Cemeteries— Water- Works— Fire De- partment — Tit.' Ainn-k,..,^ \, i.iany }Ii]it.c\ of Officers and Privates— Soldiers' Monument. Odd-Fellowship 1 as understood and practiced in this country, though, in a measure, the outcome of an English order, is emphatically an American institu- tion, and will ever be so regarded in history, It claims no great antiquity. Its origin is not clouded in the misty legends of ages long since written on the scroll of time. No mysteries surrounded its birth ; no Eleusiuian rites attended its baptism; no Druidic ceremonies were performed as it entered upon its ca- reer of usefulness through the instrumentality of men then only known in the humblest walks of life, seek- ing to lighten the burdens of a common humanity and to promote the interests of those banded together for a common purpose. The leader in this fraternal and benevolent enterprise, that has now culminated in one of the grandest charities of this or any other age, was Thomas Wildey, an Englishman by birth, an American by adoption. A mechanic by trade, of generous impulses, possessing a sympathetic heart and an open hand, s i after his arrival in Baltimore. and while struggling for a livelihood among those of his own class in a portion of the city visited by want and pestilence, he conceived a scheme of mutual assistance and self-help in time of sickness and gen- eral misfortune. To this, he thought, might be added the pleasures of a social hour when the toils and bur- dens oi the i lay were at an end. Full of this idea as he plodded at his trade or rested his weary body at night upon a scanty bed, with the encouragement of one sympathetic soul only. John Welch, he ventured tr> call a meeting at the Seven States Tavern, on Second Street, tor consultation. This meeting occurred on the 26th day of April, 1819, at which time five per- sons were present, whose names have become distin- guished, and one of which, at least, is immortal, lor the part taken in the organization of a world-wide charity. We give their names for historic referem e : John Welch, John Duncan, Richard Rushworth, John Cheathem and Thomas Wildey. These wi re the founders of Washington Lodge, No. 1. still ac- tive, whose humble commencement marks the origin of American Odd-Fellowship, now grown to be one of the largest. st successful and eminently popular fraternities in the world. Thomas Wildey. in a special sense, was the father and founderof American Odd-Fellowship, and his great name will ever be as- sociated witb this wonderful mission of humanity in the world. Owing to adverse circumstances and the unrelent- ' Bj P G M Josi pfa Kidder. MANCIILSTK1I 107 ing prejudices that existed against all secret societies in our country, the growth of Odd-Fellowship was slow and feeble. At the end of two decades there were only one hundred and thirty lodges, with a membership of less than ten thousand. The total revenue fell below sixty thousand dollars, while the annual relief did not aggregate five thousand dollars. In 1840 the bulk of the lodges were located in Mary- land, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia, while in thirteen other States and Territories the order had gained a foothold only. Aboutthis time peo] h >• gar to consider the excellency of its principles, and to ad- mire its unselfish charity and benevolent works. In three years it took a rapid stride and more than tri- pled its lodges, membership, revenues and relief. A widespread interest was awakened, and its growth became almost unparalleled in the history of the organization. Like a huge wave, started at the centre of the sleeping lake, it widened and broadened its circles until its influence touched nearly every State and Territory in the Union. It was during the latter part of the year 1843, September 11th, that it gained a foothold in New Hampshire in the organization of Granite Lodge, No. 1, at Nashua. At that time Man- chester, now the queen city of the State, was only a vigorous little town lying on the east bank of the Merrimack River. The population was small, but the people had great expectations. Among those drawn to the embryo city in the hope of acquiring wealth and achieving an honorable reputation among their fellows were men of liberal views, sagacious instincts and benevolent impulses. Anxious to pro- mote the material interests of the place and to better their own condition in legitimate ways, they were still not unmindful of the claims of society for a higher civilization and better systems of relief to those in sickness and in want. In various ways they learned of the new benevolent and fraternal order, just estab- lished in a neighboring town. They desired to test its practical value by personal knowledge. They would see and know if its pledges and promises were fulfilled through its daily works, and if the results would justify the necessary expenditure of time, money and effort to organize a lodge. Five of this class applied to Granite Lodge and were admitted to membership and took their degrees, as the preliminary steps for a branch of the order at Manchester. Armed with the necessary papers, they applied to the proper source for a charter, and on the 21st day of December, 1853, Hillsborough Lodge, No. 2, was duly organized by grand officers from Massachusetts. The names of these pioneers, representing different trades and professions in life, were Dr. Charles Wells, Walter French, James M. Barnes, Isaiah Winch and Jacob G. Cilley. These brothers, one after the ' other having fulfilled their mission, dropped out from the earthly life and entered the lodge of the unknown. The last to part with his lodge was the venerable Dr. Wells, who died December 28, 18S4. Of those ad- mitted to the lodge on the night of its institution only one remains. John S. Kidder, a native of Manchester. The first Noble Grand of the lodge was Captain Walter French, a man of noble presence and generous im- pulses, who lost bis lite May (I, 1853, in a terrible rail- road accident at Norwalk, Conn., while returning from a business engagement in the South. Popular from its organization, Hillsborough Lodge, like the county from which it derived its name, has ever occupied a proud position among the social and fraternal societies of the State. In all, there have been received to membership during the forty-two years of its existence nearly one thousand brothers, embracing representative men from all the honorable walks of life. Deaths, withdrawals and other causes have reduced the number, so that now the list shows less than tour hundred in good standing, — the fourth lodge in membership in th.' jurisdiction. Its total re- ceipts aggregate sixty thousand dollars, while th.' dis- bursements in charity and relief alone have reached twenty thousand dollars. Its present assets, exclu- sive of furniture, fixtures and other property, are $11,046.45. Since its organization it has never omitted its regular weekly session for the transaction of business, and the continuous meetings, without in- terruption, in round numbers, are two thousand two hundred,— a record, perhaps, which no social, religious or benevolent society in the State can claim. The num- ber of Past Grands falls a little below one hundred. For thirty-two years in succession the lodge has cele- brated its anniversary with appropriate services in the presence of brothers and their families and invited guests. This lodge is as permanently established as any church in the city, and enjoys a high reputation for works of charity and love. Odd-Fellowship in Manchester grew up with the town and city. On the 21st day of November, 1845, ou the petitiou of Horace Gordon and six other brothers holding withdrawal cards from Hillsborough lodge, our late brother, Samuel H. Parker, then Grand Master, in accordance with the laws of the order, issued a dispensation for Mechanics' Lodge, No. 13, and after the institution installed the officers. It was an event of unusual interest. The new- lodge started with the approbation, prayers and best wishes of the mother-lodge. Its growth was phenom- enal. Under the wise administration of its charter members and others attracted to its membership, it. soon became a social ami fraternal power, and as- sumed high rank among its sister organizations. Three of its members, viz., John C. Lyford, Gei irge W. Weeks and Charles H. Brown, were elected Grand Masters of the State, and subsequently occupied the distinguished position of representatives in the Sover- eign Grand Lodge at Baltimore. Many of its brothers have filled important places in the city government, and exerted a large influence in the social and civil affairs of the State. To-day, numerically. Mechanics' Lodge is the largest in the State, and financially it is L08 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. on a solid basis, having a .surplus above its present needs of twenty thousand dollars or more. Its mem- bership per hist report was tour hundred and twenty- tour. Its prospects for the future are of the most cheering character. From the returns in the office of the Grand Secre- tary, it appears that in 1852 there were thirty-nine subordinate lodges in the jurisdiction, with a total membership of two thousand five hundred and seventy. Through various adverse circumstances during a period of eight years, Odd-Fellowship in New Hamp- shire experienced a retrograde movement. In 18(10 then- wire only twenty-three lodges, sixteen having become dormant or extinct, reporting only sixteen hundred and forty-one members. The outlook was discouraging, and many brothers dropped out of the older, with the general impression that it would soon collapse, and its mission prove a disastrous failure. In this hour of darkness to the fraternity, a few noble brothers, with unflinching faith in their hearts, and willing to make personal sacrifices in behalf of "Friendship, Love and Truth." re- doubled their diligence, in the full assurance that their labors would not be in vain. Brother George W. Weeks was Grand Master; and, conscious of the responsibility placed upon him by the Grand Lodge, with the encouragement ami assistance of a few whose faith in the institution and its grand princi- ples never faltered, even ill the darkest hour, he gave hi- best efforts in behalf of the trust committed to his charge. The outflow from the order was stopped. The doubting were confirmed; the feeble made strong. The clouds lilted, and again the sun shone on the enterprise s,, dear to faithful hearts. The year closed with the loss of a single lodge, hut with an increase of seventeen members in the State. The year I860 was the pivot on which the order turned. It was under Brother Weeks' administration; and from that day forward, now a period of twenty-five years, there has been an annual increase in our num- bers, until to-day we report seventy lodges in good condition, with an honored membership of more than nine thousand in the Granite State alone. Fidelity to our principles and faithfulness to our brothers during the war with the South commanded universal respect, and brought hundreds knocking to the doors of the lodges, win. would scarcely have known id' the order hut for the protection, assistance and comfort it brought to the soldier on the tented field, in the camp, the hospital and the prison-pen. In 1866 several young men, members of Hillsbor- ough and .Mechanics' Lodges, petitioned Grand Mas- ter Doe lor a new lodge to he located at Manchester. The movement was approved by the old lodges and some of the influential brothers. On the 8th day of August, Wildey Lodge, No. 45, was instituted, with imposing ceremonies. Henry A. Farrington, since Grand Master and Grand Representative, for his zeal and activity in the movement, was elected the first Noble Grand; ami he performed the arduous duties with much credit. Like its predecessors, Wildey Lodge has made for itself a history of which the order may well lie proud. Probably no lodge in the State has upon its rolls so many professional men, including lawyers, doctors, ministers and teachers, as Wildey Lodge. In point of ability, character and efficiency, it is the peer of any in the State, and will ever do its part to hear aloft the banner on whose folds are inscribed the beautiful emblems of our order. Its present membership is nearly three hun- dred. Bearing the honored name of the father of American Odd-Fellowship, may the members ever emulate the zeal and persistency of the founder of the order, who gave his long and useful life to the dissemination of our principles. So shall Wildey Lodge be a pillar of cloud by day, and a pillar of lire by night, to lead many weary feet into the paths of virtue, plenty and peace. Beside the three subordinate lodges here mentioned, there are other branches of the order in Manchester of which we would speak. Wonolanset Encampment, No. 2, has a membership of two hundred and twenty- five; and Mount Washington, two hundred and eight. Ridgely Camp, No. 2, of Uniformed Patriarchs, num- bers about one hundred, composed mostly of young men who have a taste for military movements and military display. The rich uniforms and the fine martial hearing of the Patriarchs constitute a feature of much attraction when the members are on parade. Luring the summer they usually make an excursion or two out of the State for recreation and amuse ment. Social Rehekah Degree Lodge, No. 10, is said to he the largest and best organizati if the kind in the world. It numbers nearly five hundred members, about equally divided between the sexes. It has been organized more than ten years. With the ex- ception of Noble Grand, the officers are mostly ladies. Between the several bodies here named the most friendly relations have ever existed, and they work- in the utmost harmony to promote the best interests of the fraternity. They jointly occupy apartments in Odd-Fellows' Block, a building owned by the order, and worth fifty thousand dollars. Residing in the city are seven Past Grand Representatives to the Sovereign Lodge. The order in the city is a great power for g 1, and is so regarded by the people. In Hillsborough County there are twelve lodges, equal to one-sixth of the seventy in the State. They are located as follows, viz.; Granite, No. 1, and Pen- nichuck, No. 44, Nashua; Hillsborough, No. 2, Me- chanics'. No. 13, and Wildey. No. 45, Manchester; Peterborough, No. 15, Peterborough; Webster, No. 24, Gdffstown; .Mount William, No. 37, North Wcare; Valley, No. IM, Hillsborough Bridge; Aurora, No. 49, Hollis; Waverly, No. 59, Antrim ; Custos Morum,No. 4"-', Milford. These twelve lodges embrace a member- ship of two thousand two hundred, or very nearly MANCHESTER. 109 one-quarter part of all the Odd-Fellows in the Stair. From this meagre sketch something may he learned of the hold the order has on the people of the county, and the mighty, salutary influence it may exert on all the institutions within her borders. With seventy thousand dollars of surplus means, every dollar of which is sacredly pledged to the relief of its mem- bers, with the intellectual and moral force represented by the brotherhood, together with the friendship ami love begotten of the order, there is reason to believe the institution is permanently located in our midst, and will prosper for an indefinite period. Other Societies. — Among other societies, etc., are the following: Knights of Honor.— Alpha Lodge, No. 245, instituted March 11, 1876; Temple Lodge, No. 2065, instituted February 27, 1880; Golden Rule Lodge, No. 2445, in- stituted April 29, 1881 ; Alpine Lodge, No. 2886, or- ganized December 28, 1882. Knights ami Ladies of Honor. — Harmony Lodge, No. 423, instituted April 13, 1881 ; Unity Lodge, No. 042, instituted March 30, 1883. Knights of Pythias. — Granite Lodge, No. 3, instituted April 8, 1*70; Merrimack Lodge, No. 4, instituted May 6, 1870; Endowment Rank, Section 20. instituted December 18,1877; Knights of Pythias Mutual Aid Association, instituted May 23, 1*72 ; Knights of Py- thias Uniformed Battalion, instituted May, 1882. United Order Golden Cross. — Grand Commandery, instituted May 1. 1879; Manchester Commandery, No. 89, instituted December 8, L879; Mi/.pah Com- mandery, No. 181, instituted February 1, 1882. Ancient Orderof United Workmen. — Pioneer Lodge, No. 1, instituted August 9, 1878 ; Security Lodge, No. 8, instituted April 20, 1883. Royal Arcanum. — Delta Council, a mutual benefit association, instituted May 8, 1878. Ancient Ord( rof Foresters. — Court Granite State, No. 6790, instituted April 4, 1881. United Order of Pilgrim Father*. — Webster Colony, instituted July 5, 1881. Improved Orderof Bed Men of New Hampshire. — Passaconnaway Tribe, No. 5, instituted April, 1881. Provident Mutual Relief Association. — Sub- Associa- tion No. 38, instituted May 1, 1879. Orderof the Iron Hall— Instituted July 20, 1883. American Legion of Honor. — Rock Rimmon Council, No. 40, instituted October 14, 1879. Patrons of Husbandry. — New Hampshire State Grange ; Amoskeag Grange, No. 3, instituted August 26, 1873. Grand Army of the Republic. — Encampment Louis Bell Post, No. 3, organized 1868; Mutual Aid Associ- ation, instituted March 3, 1876. Manchester War Veterans. — Organized in 1866. Sons of Veterans. — Camp W. W. Brown, No. 1, or- ganized October, 1882. Sons of St. George.— Heart of Oak Lodge, No. 91. German Societies. — Turnverein, organized 1870; Order of the Harugari, Barbarossa Lodge, No. 329, in- stituted February 4, 1S74. Jlnat Clubs.- Cygnet, instituted June 21, 1882; Emerald, organized August 19, 1881; Emmet; Leo; Longwood; Northern Star, organized August 23, L879; Shamrock; Star; Trident. Military. — First Regiment New Hampshire Volun- teer Militia; Head Guards, organized July 24, 1865 : Manchester City Guards, organized March 17, 1873; Sheridan Guards, organized August 1865; First New Hampshire Battery, Platoon A, organized August 31, 1808; Amoskeag Veterans, organized in 1804; Man- chester Cadets, organized in 1873; Amoskeag Zouaves, organized June 13, 1883. Independent Orderof Good Templars. — Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, organized October 11, 1865; LTnion Degree Temple, No. 20, instituted February 21, 1876; Stark Lodge, No. 4, instituted May 31, 1805 ; Merrimack Lodge, No. 4, instituted December 0, 1866 ; Harris Lodge, No. 45, instituted May 22, 1878. Royal Templars of Temperance. — Granite State Council, No. 1, instituted November 28, 1878. Hanover SI reel Temperana Society. Sons of Temperance.— Instituted March 12, L883. Catholic Temperance Societies.— St. Paul's Total Ab- stinence Mutual Benefit Society ; St. John's Total Abstinence and Mutual Benefit Society, instituted February 18, 1875. Woman's Christian Temperance Union. — Instituted November, 1874. Reform Club— Instituted May, 1874. The old Ladies' Home, located on Hanover, corner of Pine Street. A benevolent enterprise, which owes its existence to the thoughtfulness of Lev. William McDonald, is this institution which adjoins the Or- phans' Asylum. It was established in 1880, anditsob- ject is to provide a home for aged and indigent women. The Home is in charge of several Sisters of Mercy. 6'/. Patrick's Orphan Asylum. — It was instituted in 1870, and was first located on Laurel Street, ami in the same year, upon the purchase by the Roman Catholics of the Harris estate, at the corner of Han- over and Pine Streets, for which fifty-five thousand dollars was paid, it was moved to that place. The asylum is designed to supply a home for orphans and sick and needy women, and is under the direction id' Sister Mary Ligouria, assisted by a number of Sisters of Mercy. Instruction is given in the elementary branches of education, and the children are also trained in housework. This worthy benevolent in- stitution was founded by Rev. William McDonald, and the funds for its maintenance are contributed by St. Ann's Church. Women's Aid and Relief Hospital. — This institution,. located in Bakersville, was established by the Man- chester Women's Aid and Relief Society in 1878, the free use of the building, owned by the Amoskeag corporation, having been tendered fortius purpose by the late ex-Governor E. A. Straw. The building HISTORY OF HILLSBOEOUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. has been put in thorough repair, enlarged by the ad- dition of another story and otherwise adapted to its purpose. It is supported and controlled by the Women's Aid and Relief Society, and its main pur- pose is i" provide a home and nursing for the indigent sick, but patients who are able to pay are received when desired, if there are beds unfilled. Miscellaneous. — New Hampshire Agricultural So- ciety ; New Hampshire Poultry Society, organized 1867; New Hampshire Fish and Game League; New Hampshire Press Association, organized July 25, 1868; Manchester Women's Aid and Relief Association, in- stituted January 21, 1875; Manchester Board of Trade — President, Daniel Clark; Manchester < rrocers' Association, instituted May 16, 1862; Manchester Teachers' Association, organized February 1G, 1883; Manchester Scientific Association; Chautauqua Lit- erary and Scientific Circle, organized October 1, 1880; the Grattan Literary and Dramatic Association; Dartmouth Alumni Association ; High School Ly- ceum; trustees of the Elliot Hospital, incorporated in 1881; Electric. Light Company, chartered by the Legislature of 1881, and organized with a capital of twenty-five thousand dollars; New Hampshire Tele- gragh Company, chartered July 10,187(3; Northern Telegraph Company, organized in 1866; The Granite State Telephone Company (Bell patents); Opera- House Company; Uncanoonuck Road Company, chartered June 26, 1877; Amoskeag Honorary Asso- ciation, instituted December, 1881 ; Young People's Working Association, organized November, 1882; Philharmonic Society, organized October 16,1883; Ancient Order of Hibernians, No. 1; Ancient Order of Hibernians. No. 2, instituted November 20, 1880; Ancient Order of Hibernians, No. 3, instituted June, 1882; St. Patrick's Mutual Benefit and Protective Society , organized -March , 1868; St. Augustine Society, organized June 16, 1878, incorporated .March 7, 1882; St. Jean Baptiste Society, instituted April. 1871; Ladies' National League, instituted December, 1880; Irish National League, organized April 13, 1883; Sodality of the Blessed Virgin Mary, organized April, 1860; Young Republicans' League, organized October 4,1882; Young Men's Democratic Club, organized December, 1882; Franco-Canadien Naturalization Club, instituted August 11, 1882; Derryfield Club, organized April 13, 1875; Jackson Literary Club, instituted December, 1880; Manchester Bicycle Club, organized March 22, 1882; Manchester Rifle Club, instituted May 7, 1883 ; Manchester Shooting Club, organized April 2, 1879; Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, organized June, 1880; Manches- ter Horse Railroad, incorporated 1S7<>; Mendelssohn Choral Society, organized October 16, 1883; Thalia Club, organized August 1, 1883; Harmonic Society, instituted October 22, 1883; Gazaille Transmitter Company, chartered by the New Hampshire Legisla- ture in 1883. The Blodget Canal. — The first projector of inter- nal improvements in this section of the State was the lion. Samuel Blodget, who was born in Woburn, Mass., April 1,1724. He was an active and persever- ing man. He had been a sutler in the colonial wars and also in the War of the Revolution, a judge of the Court of Common Fleas, and a merchant with exten- sive business connections. He located at Amoskeag in 1793, and soon conceived the idea of building around the latter a canal, through which might be carried to market vast quantities of lumber from the forests which grew on the banks of the river. He be- gan work upon it May 2, 1794. He lost time and money in a vain attempt to make practicable a lock of his own invention, and it was not until May 1, 1807, having spent all his own fortune and what money he could raise by lotteries, that he saw his work done. He died on the 1st day of September of the same year, and his canal, passing into the bands of the proprietors of the Middlesex Canal, was of great benefit till the railroad destroyed its usefulness and it went to decay. Judge Blodget was a far-sighted man. He invited Boston capitalists to build in Derryfield the mills which others erected thirty years after, and, in antici- pation of their construction, he bought the clay lands where the well-known Hooksett brick are made to- day. It is well written on his monument in the Val- ley Cemetery that he was " the pioneer of internal improvements in New Hampshire." The following is a copy of Blodget's charter for the canal : " Tit the lumorahle tin Senitt? .{■ House nf liej.resrtttatives .v :i rout not i'\r In,:; twenty miles, will he commenced next spring— that a third carried round the falls at Amoskeag would, in conjunction with these, open a direct water communication with Boston .i New hnryport to the inhabitants of an extensive country on the banks of the Merrimac above said falls, the wood and timber of whose forests are now of inconsiderable value, occasioned principally by the loss of immense quantities of lumber of ttie most valuable kind in passing over the falls ; a melancholy proof of which they at all times exhibit— that your petitioner is fully convinced that the whole of this loss may be pre* vented by a canal— that under this conviction he has purchased the only piece of ground over which one is practicable— A has actually entered upon the enterprize, with an intention to risque his fortune in accom- plishing a work of so much public utility.— Your petitioner, therefore, relying on the public spirit of the honorable Court, requests that your honors will take the premises into consideration, and grant him a Char- ter, by which he may be secured in the peaceable enjoyment of the valu- able property, which he is about to invest in the proposed canal — & assign him a reasonable toll to compensate him fur his services ; & give linn leave to bring in a bill accordingly. "A id :i- in ilutv I. on ml shall ever pray "Sam" Bt.iit.het." Post-Offices. -— The first post-office in this town was established at the "Center" in 1831, with Samuel Jackson postmaster, appointed by President Andrew Jackson. Mr. Jackson held the office until it was dis- continued in 1840. The first post-office in what is now the city proper, then known as " Amoskeag New Village," was estab- MANCHESTER. lished in February, 1840, with Jesse Duncklee as post- master. The following- is a list of the postmasters from that time to the present : Jesse Duncklee, from February, 1840, to March, 1840 (deceased) ; PaulCra- gin, 1840-45; Warren L. Lane, 1845-19; James Her- sey, 1849-53; Colonel Thomas P. Pierce, 1853-61; David J. Clark, 1861-65 (deceased) ; Colonel Bradford B. Cilley, 1865-70 ; Joseph L. Stevens, 1870, present incumbent. The Amoskeag post-office was established in 1828, with Samuel Kimball as postmaster. The post-office at Goft'e's Falls was established in 1872, with Isaac W. Darrah, postmaster. The Piscataquog post-office was established in 1816, with James Parker postmaster. He was followed by Jonas B. Bowman, James McKeen Wilkins, Colonel John S. Kidder and Leonard Bundlett. The office was discontinued about 1840. The Water-Works. 1 — So rapid was the early growth of Manchester that a pressing need for a public water supply came early in her municipal ex- istence, and earlier than public opinion was prepared to indorse the undertaking of an enterprise of such magnitude. Some bitter experience must needs first •come as an educator, and it did come from time to time, as in several fires among the mills, the burning of the town-house, the destruction of the public library and museum, of several newspaper offices, of tli!' State Reform School building, of important com- mercial buildings, and finally of an extended confla- gration, destroying a whole square in the heart of the city in 1870. The construction of a public water supply is, with rare exceptions, the most important matter which any municipal organization is forced to consider, inaugu- rate and push on to completion, or, on the other hand, to hinder and defer, while the necessity and devastation continue. After the burning of the town-house, in 1*44, a committee of citizens was chosen to consider the question of a water supply, but the citizens were not yet ready for united action. An aqueduct company was chartered by the Legislature in 1845, and the city, although invited, declined to take stock to aid the private enterprise. Other charters were obtained from the Legislature iu 1852, 1857 aud 1865, but the city still declined to foster the enterprise or to agree to pay for public fire hydrants, but constructed some fire-cisterns in the streets. In the mean time there was a thirty thou- sand dollar fire in the Stark Mills, a sixty-five thou- sand dollar fire in the Priut- Works, and the library was destroyed. In 1860, Hon. James A. Weston, Jacob F. James and Rev. William Richardson made an extended re- connoisance, covering all the sources available to the city, and presented the information gathered to the City Councils. Mr. J. B. Sawyer prepared a report in 1 By J. T- Fanning, C. i: 1869. Early in 1881 the City Councils appointed a committee to consider anew the question of a public water supply. This committee employed Wil- liam J. McAlpine, an eminent engineer, to advise them, and embodied his report with their own for presentation to the City Councils. The report of this last committee, following as it did si alter a disastrous conflagration, led to a peti- tion to tie- Legislature for the passage of a water act. An "Act to enable the City of Manchester to establish Water-Works " was passed on the 30th of June, 1871, and "An Ordinance in relation to Water- Works" was passed bj the City Councils on the 1st day of August in the same year. This ordinance vested the management of the water- works in the mayor ex-offioio and six other persons, to be elected by the Board of Mayor and Aldermen, and styled the Board of Water Commissioners. Immediately after the passage of the ordinance, Messrs. E. A. Shaw, E. W. Harrington, William P. Newell, Aretas Blood, Alpheus Jay and A. C. Wallace were elected water commissioners, and Hon. James A. Weston, being mayor, became a member of the board ex-qfficio. On the following 7th of August this board per- fected its organization by the election of Hon. E. A. Straw as president of the board and lion. S. X. Bell as clerk. The ordinance provided that one of these original commissioners should go out of office each year, and that one member should be annually elected in the month of September, for a six-year term, by the Board of Mayor and Aldermen. There had been up to this time, and still continued to be, much diversity of opinion as to which was tin- best source of supply, and conflicting opinions as to the system of supply and the design of various details of the proposed work. The earnestness with which these matters were publicly discussed and different sources and plans advocated led to the passage of a resolution by the City Councils instructing the commissioners to examine different systems of water-works in different cities, in order that the best, most economical and advantageous mode of supplying the city with water might be adopted. A majority of the board, complying with the instructions of the Councils, visited several cities in New England, and also Montreal, and carefully noted the peculiarities and effectiveness of different systems of water supply. While at Norwich, Conn., they met Colonel J. T. Fanning, engineer of the water-works then recently completed in Norwich, and engineer also of water-works in several other cities, and invited him to make for them an examination of the sources of water supply available to the city of Manchester, and to report upon the sources and method of supply which he should deem most advisable for the com- missioners to adopt. In the mean time the commissioners obtained per- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. use temporarily a supply of water from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company's reservoir for fire purposes, and pipes of eight inches diameter were laid from the company's main, on Brook Street, along Chestnut, Pearl, and Pine Streets, to Merrimack Street. This line of pipe was commenced in the autumn of 1871, and completed in the following spring, and immediately filled with water for a fire protection. It included about one and three-eighths miles of pipe and seventeen fire hydrants, and cost $10,141.15. On completion of the preliminary surveys and re- port, in the autumn of 1871, Colonel Fanning was appointed chief engineer to the Board of Water Com- missioners. The additional surveys, plans and esti- mates necessary fur a detailed comparison of all the sources were completed in the spring of 1872, and tin- results embodied in a report to the commissioners under date of .March 1st, and the reporl contained a general map showing all the sources considered. The nearest and most ample volume of water being the Merrimack River, early consideration was given to this source. The Merrimack waters could be pumped to a reservoir that might be conveniently lo- cated on the hill east of the State Reform School building, but experiments with the water showed that it must necessarily be filtered when the river was above the ordinary spring level, and that proper fil- tration would require a heavy annual expense for operation, and a considerable expenditure for con- struction of filter-beck of sufficient capacity. The I 'iscataquog River was examined and carefully studied also. It having been urged by a few of the citizens that some of the small ponds northeasterly of t he city would furnish supplies of water. Dorr, Chase, Burn- ham and Stevens' Ponds were thoroughly investigated, and found, by proper computations, to yield entirely inadequate supplies for the immediate needs, irrespec- tive of the future needs of a growing city. At Ma- ple Falls, in the southeastern part of the town of Candia (distant about eight miles from the city hall) were found natural features admitting the construc- tion id'a tine storage reservoir of nearly four hundred acres area, and of considerable mean depth, ami hav- ing a water-sheil of about ten square miles. This storage reservoir would have been at an elevation of two hundred and twenty-three feet above Elm Street at the city hall, and is the only gravitation source near tin- city that was found to be worthy of adoption. Southeasterly of the city lies Lake Massahesic, having an area of nearly two thousand four hundred acres and water-shed of about forty-five square miles. The out- let of the lake is about four miles from the city hall. Analyses of the Massahesic water showed it to be of most excellent quality for domestic and industrial uses. The vegetable organic matter in the water was found to be 1. GO grains, and mineral matterl.l6grains, or a total of 2.82 grains per gallon, equivalent to 4.7 parts in 100,000 parts. The stream flowing from this take is known as Cohas Brook, and enters the Merri- mack River at Goffe's Falls. On Cohas Brook, about one-quarter of amile below the outlet of the brook, near the old McMurphy mill- site, a dam was located and raised to the level of the ( water in the lake. This, with the canal below the lake, gave a fall of forty-five feet available for power where the pumping-station was located, near the ter- mination of the canal. In the pumping-station were located two pairs of pumps, of the vertical bucket- plunger class, of combined capacity to pump a maxi- mum of five million gallons of water in twenty-four hours. Two Geyelin-Jouval turbines were placed in the building to drive the pumps, having a combined capacity of two hundred horse-power. A pumping- station was constructed of bricks, with slate roof, to contain this machinery, and attached to the station is a commodious tenement for the attendant in charge of the pumping-station. A reservoir of about thirteen million gallons ca- pacity was constructed near the church at Manches- ter Centre. The water of the lake is lifted by the pumps one hundred and thirteen feet from the lake to the reservoir, and as the reservoir is elevated one hundred and fifty-two feet above Elm Street at the city hall, the water flows from thence throughout the city by gravity. This reservoir was filled on its com- pletion, near the close of September, 1874, but the pumps had been started early in the previous July, pumping the water through the distribution pipes, with the surplus flowing into the Amoskeag I om- pany's reservoir. The force main from pumps to res- ervoir, eight thousand one hundred and seventy-one feet in length, and supply main, eight thousand four hundred and ten feet in length, from reservoir to Dim Street, are twenty inchesin diameter. The entire pipe system contained, at the completion of the original works, at the close of 1N74, one hundred and twenty- two thousand and seventy-one feet of pipes, one hun- dred and seventy-two stop valves and two hundred and fifteen public fire hydrants, and seventeen thou- sand six hundred and two feet of small service pipes, laid by the commissioners from the street mains to the property lines for the supply of water consumers. The cost of constructing the works, including cost of lands, water-rights and preliminary surveys, was $614,009.83. The cost of service pipes, meter- and operating expenses during construction of the works was $20,028.75. On the 24th of October, 1874, a public test was made of the water-works by the city Fire Department. Duringthe test sixteen hydrants were brought into simultaneous use, twelve of which were supplying leading hose-streams and four supply- ing steam fire-engines, and thus twenty powerful streams were arching over Elm Street and its loftiest buildings at the same time, presenting in the sunshiny October afternoon a most brilliant and beautiful scene, and strengthening the confidence of the citizens in the capacity and efficiency of their public watersupply. MANCHESTER. 113 On completion of the original works, Mr. Charles R. Walker became their superintendent, and has retained the office ten years. At the close of L884 the amount of pipes laid had increased to 22'.Odt', tret, about 4:!..> miles, the stop-valves to 316 and public lire hydrants to 371 in number, and the service pipes, to a total of 65,766 feet, supply 2476 consumers of water. In the mean time the total cost of construction, in- cluding the extensions of the pipe system, had reached $824,989, and the annual income of the water-works for water sold had reached $75,580, or nearly ten per cent, on the cost. During the ten years the works have been in operation no conflagration has resulted from the many tires started, and every fire within reach of the works has been extinguished so promptly that there has been no material loss at any single fire. The original cost of the works has undoubtedly been saved to the citizens in prevention of losses by fires, while the city now finds that it has been a financial investment that will, by its income, soon reimburse it for the original outlay and further an investment that will return to its citizen proprietors an almost incal- culable annual interest of safety, comfort, convenience and health. The Manchester Driving Park Association was organized December 1, 1882, and its first officers were as follows : President, John B. Clarke ; Treasurer, James A. Weston ; Clerk, Samuel F. Curtis ; Direct- ors, John B. Clarke, A. C. Wallace, C. D. Welch, A. D. Gooden, Alpheus Bodwell, Samuel F. Curtis and ( reorge W. Kiddle. Subsequently John B. Clarke re- signed the office of president, and George W. Riddle was elected in his place. The association, after a careful examination of va- rious sites for a suitable location for a park, decided to purchase forty-five acres situated in the southeast- ern section of the city, on the line of the Nutt road ami the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, one mile and three-quarters from the post-office. The land was considered well adapted to the purpose, and though nothing better than a rough pasture with some wood- land, it was transformed in four months' time into an attractive park, and was visited the first week in Sep- tember by thirty thousand people. This exhibition of enterprise was hut one of the many which have been characteristic id' Manchester people whenever they have sought to add a new feature conducive to the interests and pleasures of the city. The park is furnished with all tin' conveniences of a first-class driving park and fair-grounds, including grand stand, press stand, restaurant, judges' -land. cattle-pens, stables, building for bench shows of dogs, poultry-house, etc. The Parker Murder. — The history of Manchester would be incomplete with no reference to the murder of Jonas L. Parker. The tacts were as follows: On Wednesday evening, March 26, 1845, a man called at the bowling saloon, on Manchester Street, belonging to Mr. Parker, stating that a Mrs. Bean, from Lowell, desired to see the proprietor on important business at Janesville. Mr. Parker passed out of his saloon to accompany the gentleman, first securing a lantern, as the night was s,, exceptionally black, that "as dark as the night of the Parker murder " has sim a household phrase. On tin- way to their destination the two men crossed Pine to Merrimack Street, and soon to.de a path that led through a heavy growth of pin., and from this forest, in the vicinity of what is now the corner of I'.eech and Manchester Streets, the cry of "murder!" was soon heard; but none dreamed that it heralded the monstrous crime. "Oh, don't, don't!" was supposed to be the outcry of some one being placed under police surveillance. The morning light disclosed the terrible ghastlincss of a murdered man upon a bed of snow. Mr. Parker lay with trachea doublj severed and deep gashes aboul the hips, and wounds on other parts of the bodj were discovered by Coroner Joseph M. Rowell. The appearance of the ground indicated a mighty struggle for life against a fiend armed with razor and butcher- knife, incited by the knowledge that thousands of dollars were upon the person of the victim. About sixteen hundred dollars escaped the rapacity id' the murderer. Mr. Parker held the office of tax collector the year previous, and the collector's book, then in his possession, bore the impress of blood-stained fingers. Several persons were suspected of the crime, arrested and tried, but no one was convicted, and the mystery of the Parker murder, after a lapse of forty years, is a mystery still. The County Court-House, located on the corner of Merrimack and Franklin Streets, was erected in 1S68, at the cost of forty thousand dollars. It is a two-story brick building. Cemeteries. — The oldest burial-place under the control of the city is what is known as the Valley ( lemetery, which was given to the town by the Amos- keag Company in 1840. It contains about twenty acres. Pine Grove Cemetery contains about fifty- four acres, and is located about two and a half miles from the city hall, between the Calef and River roads. Other cemeteries are the Amoskeag, St. Joseph, St. Augustine, Mount Calvary; also the old burying- grotind at the Centre; one at Cofl'e's Falls; one in West Manchester; one near the school-house at Harvey's Mills, called the Merrill Cemetery ; one in I he eastern part of the city, known as Stovvell's Ground; the Bay Cemetery, on the River road, near Amoskeag Falls; the Forest Cemetery, on the old Weston farm, in the southeastern part of the oil \ ; and a small yard in the north part of the city. Fire Department. — In 1WJ the town voted to buy a fire-engine and necessary apparatus. To this single engine others were added from time to time until eight or ten engine and hose companies were under the city's control, when the first steam fire-engine was bought in 1859. This was also the first one made by the Amoskeag Company, whose engines have since 114 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. gained a world-wide celebrity. Thisinventionwroughl a revolution in the Fire Department, and, as more steamers were added, the hand-machines were with- drawn and the membership diminished until the de- partment acquired its present proportions. The fol- lowing is the organization of the department: Chief Engineer, Thomas W. Lane; Clerk, Fred- erick S. Bean; Assistant Engineers, Orrin E. Kim- ball, James F. Pherson, Frederick S. Bean, Horatio Fradd. The following is a list of the companies, giving the location and the names of members: Amoskeag Steam Fire-Engine Company, No. l._House, 30 Vine Street. Foreman, James R.Carr; Assistant Foreman, Charles F. McCoy; Clerk, Frank E. Stearns; Driver, George W. Butterfield. N.S. Bean Steam Fire-Engine Company, No. 4.— House, 22 Vine Street. Foreman, Eugene S.Whit- ney; Assistant Foreman, Edgar G. Abbott; Clerk, John Martin; Driver, Jeremiah Lane. Pennacook Hose Company, No. 1.— House, 24 Vine Street, Foreman, Albert Maxfield; Assistant Foreman, Clarence D. Palmer; Clerk, Joseph E. Mer- rill; Driver, Walter L. Blenus. Massabesic Hose Company, No. 2.— House, Ma- ple Street, corner East High. Foreman, John F. Seaward; Assistant Foreman, Revillo G. Houghton; Clerk, Parker W. Hannaford; Driver, Walter Sea- ward. E. W. Harrington Hose Company, No. 3.— Eouse, I liuton Street, Piscataquog. Foreman, John T. G.Dinsmore; Assistant Foreman, William Doran; Clerk, Joseph Schofield; Driver, John T. ( )'Dowd. Merrimack Hose Company, No. 4.— House, Park Street, corner Massabesic Street. Foreman, George B. Forsaith; Assistant Foreman. Lords N. Dufrain; Clerk, John S. Averj ; Driver, Charles 11. Rogers. Exi i lsiob Hook-and-Ladder Company, No. 1. —House, 16 Vine Street. Foreman, Milo B.Wilson; Assistant Foreman, Jerome J. Lovering; Clerk, ( (scar P. Stone; Driver, < lharles M. Denyou. Independent Hose Company, No. 5 (Volunteer Company).— House, -Main Street, corner Old Falls road (Amoskeag). Foreman, George LAyer; Assist- ant Foreman, Sherman L. Flanders; Clerk, George L. Stearns. Two steamers, FlRE KlNG, No. 2, and E. W. HAR- RINGTON, No. 3, also one hook-and-ladder truck, are "on reserve duty," to he called in case of need, and manned by members of the department. There is also a two-wheeled hose-carriage at Derry Mills, Goffe's Falls, for use bj men employed at mills. There are three hundred and seventy-one hydrants (not including those in mill-yards) scattered over the city, supplied from water-works. There is in the department nineteen thousand five hundred and fifty feet of fire-hose. Total value of apparatus is fifty-seven thousand four hundred and thirty-four dollars. Fire- Alarm Telegraph.— This valuable adjunct to the Fire Department was constructed in 1872, and comprises about twenty miles of wire, traversing the compact pari of the city, and reaching to Amoskeag and Wesi Manchester, Hallsville and Bakersville. There arc thirty-six alarm-boxes, whose keys are kept at adjacent houses or stores, and six strikers, situated on the city hall, the Lincoln Street, Webster Street and Ash Street School-houses, the engine-house in West Manchester and a tower at the north end of the city. There are also gongs at the engine-houses and the resiliences of the engineers and others. Firemen's Relief Association. — Organized Feb- ruary 14, 1873. Designed for the relief of any of its members who may be injured or disabled at a tire. The following is a list of its officers: President, Thomas W Lane; Vice-President, James F. Pherson; Secretary, Joseph E. Merrill; Treasurer, Horatio Fradd; Executive Committee, — Amoskeag, No. 1, George R. Simmons; X. S. Bean, No. 4, E. G. Abbott; Pennacook Hose, Xo. 1, W. L. Blenus; Mas- sabesic Hose, Xo. 2. R. G. Houghton; F. W. War- rington Hose, Xo. 3, John Patterson; Merrimack Hose, No. 4, George B. Forsaith; Hook-and-Ladder, No. l, Jerome J. Lovering. The Amoskeag Veterans.— This well-known or- ganization is next to the oldest veteran corps in New England, the exception being the Ancient and Hon- orable Artillery ( lompany of Boston. The Amoskeag Veterans is an independent company, and was organ- ized November 6, 1854, at a meeting of which Hon. Hiram Brown was chairman and Hon. C. E. Potter clerk. 'I be firsl officers were as follows: William P Riddle, col I William Patten, Bret lieutenant; Samuel Andrews second liei anl Hiram Brown, first major; E. T. Mrvn-, - nl ni.-i-.i ; Samuel W. Parsons, first sergeant; Jacob G. (ill,.,. -,,..ii sergeant; S. M. Dow, third sergeant; Reuben I>. Vl,„„. r ., i ,,:'-■ :1 [.:■■-. Walla.,', IH-1 ..rn..i.il: lMiilalms The objects for which it was organized were desig- nated by the constitution to lie military parades, the protection of life and property, the preservation of the peace and social enjoj ments. Its first parade and ball occurred February 22. 1855. The following is a list of the commanders of the veterans from its organization to the present time: General William P. Riddle, 1SS4; Colonel Chandler E. Potter, 1855; Colonel Theodore T. Abhott, 1857 I ol I Tl las Rundlett, i860; ; I ,,1. ii.l Chan, 11.1 !■:. l'..tt.M-, lsr.4; ,: Natl II. ad 1868 . Colonel Martin V. 11. Edgerly, 1873; Colonel I ;e 1875; 31. V. II. .. \ c Walla. . . 1877 . I', s Simons, 1878 : ti.VT. Cmiw'r.' ls7'.i-sn limn •' Merrill, 1881; I rani \ Hi Sean 1882-83; Geo. B. Chandler, 1884; Henrj H Huse, 1885. The Amoskeag Veterans include the nest promi- nent and influential citizens of Manchester and ad- MANCHESTER. joining towns, and is one of the celebrated military bodies of New England. Prior to the organization of this corps there had been several independent companies organized in Man- chester, viz. : Manchester Rifle Company, organized in 1825, under command of Captain James McQues- tion; the Stark Guards, organized August 16,1840, Captain Walter French; the Granite Fusileers, organized August 10, 1842, Captain Samuel W. Far- sons ; the National Guards, organized August 17, 1863; and the Smyth Rifles, organized in 1865. Police-Station.— The present police-station was erected in 1885. It is located on the corner of Man- chester and Chestnut Streets. It is a mat and sub- stantial brick structure, with granite trimmings. War of 1861-65.— The following list of soldiers was furnished by Manchester during the late Rebel- lion : FIRST REGIMENT. la hard N. Batchelder, quartermaster; I ■ mi i- II Pike, afe-major. John 1. K. [Ij Martin 1 B Rii liardson, Charles 0. Jennison, Michael O'Flynn, WUliam Mayne Robert Loyd, Patrick Bo ban, obalk-e ,1. Andrews, ckarles H. \lbn. .1. - \\ Uherl '. Ujra- liam Brown. Frank Hiiit, Jerome Illnisdell. Willi. mi [I. 11 la.i. k, Henry Bourrell, Charles A. Cressey, Haskell P. I tiffin Frand Cal il Charles Conner, Thomas F. Cary, Francis II Conner, John V Clark, i. ge H. Champlin, Augustus B. Caswell, Charles II Demerrett, Ed- ward 0. Dodge, John M. Evans, Pagi Goi .. I lin Gardner, Jol n, I I i ilk-. M.,.-ball lint. I, in-, Flank Ik 11... k.-tl. William W. lla-.-l- .]!.. Ml, M, .l.'llll der, John Mil l lion Company /'.— .i.,lm Gartley, Jame Riley, Terreii.-.- ltil.->. II. -my -. h» .-nk. , l-:.i..aid smith, .i..|,n i ..-- telle. C,.ia/„i»i, /'.— .!..-<-[, I, I, e,tmi,.ii-, . I,, In, .larrh all, II, -HI. Benton, 1 1 «-lil y I:, .ml.. J. 3 Cunningham, John Donnolly, George McCormick, Charles Mason. Company G.— Andrew Quinn, William Brown, William S. Bennett, Andrew Christensen, Michael C ran, Charles Elliott, William 11. French, Custei Jackson, John Peters, William Steele, Charles Smith, John Travis. < •..i,i / >.i».7 //.—Thomas Beatry, Cii-nrj;,. 1'. William-, Frank \. Fa-tinan, Abial A. Hannaford, Lucius Fa r, Henry .1. Flandere, Natl 1 F. Swett, Joseph Tallen. Company /.— David M. IVrkin-, I!,,,ln.-\ A Mai, mm;, Thorndike P. i: r.ii.ki,,,,,-: i Perki I I ,- i, < harles Vicki Nil liolas SI. Biglin, .lam.-. R. Carr, John s. Call.- Jesse E. Dewey, George B. Damon, Lyman A. Di man, Orrin S Gardner, Joseph II. Gleason, Norn gene '■ Hazewell, Martin A. Haynes, Charles Hubbard, James M House, Moses A. Hunkins, i.,.,, -,- l Lav ,. a, .-. John E, I igden, Samuel II » rott, Henry M. Pillsbury, Solon I Porter, Albe II. Sleeper, Jr., J.-siah s. Swain, William V (;■„,),„„,, K.— Benjamin F. Ashton, Charles On I u D Eenael ,,,i,, I,.,, I.- I'. Par- Wood, Charles B. G. Sargent, James ing, John Williams, ta) k, James li.niiii.ll v THIRD REGIMENT, libbj', adjutant ; Henry Hill, chaplain ; Harril thveti W. Mnllnditi.n, Woodbury, Thomas T Moore, '.. oi e l o w. Evans, John M. i pany A".— II. .Hi- o. Dudley. SECOND REGIMENT. Th as P. Pierce, colonel ; Samuel 0. Langley, adjuti Company A —Charles G. Patrick McGrath, Alexand, der, Thomas Adams, .1-1 1. man. - , y /;.— _■• Nelson, Thomas Kenney, Charles Donnolly, i. ge Coyle, Albert Kaismi, George Bitlleu, John Cainmel, Michael Colligan. * ,. .,„/! , . — Michael Milllills, ,I,,I,11 Slllith. Ilm. la . ...-. i, .l.i in, - II. Piatt, Richard A. Lawrence, Benjamin F. Chase, Alvin L. Wiggin. Frank Robinson Vied \\ Berham, Lemuel M. Cox, Abner H, v. , I I: Allen, John A. auk, ,. Charles W. Brown, William Calef, Henry F. Carey, John II. Cole, liar- ., . \i , -,. v„i, i M i ,,,.] a ,. « Craig, Hazen Davis, Jr., i. ... I -,. . I ,. ... . H D rl ■ -. 'I . ., i ■ \. I i.i.i-.i., Henry H. Jam.-- i.l ill" ' J -s William Kelley, Thi ence, Daniel Mui ry, John Fistti i, Ch irli - i M, Laul Lord, John A. Mas El Perry, George Pickup, Tim R ' ge II Sarg Charles L. Tabor, Williai Tucker, Franklin 1 Wi 11 Company I'.-Jmii- Dall , . i . - II, . iighhn, George F. -, i , ithan ■ Qnimby, John E, N. si....- a-, Laroy D. Sherburne, -. B Tuttle, Franklin K. 0. i erson, Gay, M'» i Hatch, Job limn II. Hunt! Leaf, G ge fl Flanders, John II I. George T Fogg, Thomas F. ,., Charles Gibson, Charles Gilbert, Walter A. inn. John W. Goodwin, Thomas Hanson, Henry T. William S. Ilo.l-iiian, Andrew .1. Holmes, Wil- -,ain M. Karney, George II La« Luke iiiu.lll. Little, Nathaniel Marshall, James Mc- Ai,-iiii E. Perry, James Ewen, David H. Newton, Stephen W. Niks, H Prou, ,ii, William II. RaniBey, John H. Sanders, Geerge H. Web- ster, Hiram C. Squires, Collins P. Tebbetts, Leander White, John R. Whitten, William II. Caiter, George s. Thomas, Edward Reynolds, Alpheus Chickering. Company ' '. — a ..l.ii k, mm, Michael J. Connelly, Ti .,- Casey, 11, | |.. ■ . Matthew Byros, John Casey, John McCIemens, John , ,| iCadoral i .■ I ,-.,,, I'mi.tliv ll.-aky, lk.l.eil o'Cn- Hichael E. A Gall a, I nomas Mi Enry, Mil ha. IT D inohoe, l:. ben II \ik n, Waltei Cody, Joseph .1 D ihue, James Wilson, John Oman, llvn.ii Co-tell... I'atii.k l.a I ki il. .lolm M.Intir,-. Daniel Maho- ney David Moore, Peter Pelkey, James Quintan, James Smith, Lewis Hall, Stephen Welsh, I u tin Marshall, William Mien, Peter .Smith, Joseph Potter, F.lwui o I'.neii, Francis Sheridan, William Sj, i a - in-. kM i n ii nd Ha, k> II. i;.- \i'. n, W ill i.' in B.tkii. .'.-tin 1 -■' i r.-tt. John Booth, George H. Briggs, David Bryant, Bernard Farry, James 1|, ,,,!,, ,,,, Rolielt I' ,hii i ,, ,.. ..i .. A Wo ,.,,11. mil, Samuel W'hlttaker, D. — \\i BISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Company H— Charles I I ] Robert Vincent, Walter . I lii. lumLs, I :i ■< t, !; vi.,,,,-. IcmI a l'a_:o, Julius Griggs, kau-oii Blake, Iiaiii.l X. Atu i - I ■--• M- 1m.-i t II. Lockwood. .1 inn - I'N.'il \ll-rt !l - I 1 ' I - William Todd, Jamee Walsh, rge Baili 5 ' I - 1 lev, William H. Knox, William II l-.' I 1 1 ■ I 1 Uexandet Le Sludge, Alden E. Met Dai - Hon 1 1 tries 11 rgan, .1. Richard, James C, Ri Joseph H. Wallace, A Welch O',,i/"i'o/ /— William J.-Iiii-mi, I Kivi.l Earl,-, \\ illiam '. Nielmis. Ijnnf-s H. A. \. Stead, John W hitney, Francis l:,,\ utoii, '111. -ma- Uohinson, Andrew .McNeil, Tli..ina- Tli-ma-on, Van 1 II. Hill, I a 1 ■ Pari 1 1 mi k'l'H regiment. John L. lv.K'1 1_\ , quaitn mastei ; Benjamin F. Fogg, commissary Bergeant. BmuL— Walter Dignaiu, Francis II. Pike, Henry Murphy, Lemuel H. James, John O'Brien, Uonzo Buntin, Frederick T. Pa Porter, John Harrington, William Higiiam. Eugene K. Fo--. II Augus- tUB Sim, mils, Elilihak-t Ini-tm, John Coogili, unili N. 1: - I.- 11 • :,• Lewi-, .1.1111..- A Fanili. Urn !,..M T. Trumbluin. , tympany .1 — Pati ick McGei kugt tuc Steuger. Company B.— Martin J Staunton, Martin V. B Richardson. '' p.miy C.— Jackson Dustin, Joseph I. Miller, Perley B. Rand, Georgi I' Mil.-, 1 1- - fuck, William 0. w n, ridge, i ge \| Km . ., n I Pai i. I'.i . ii \ • Daniel W. Rollins, F.li.n H Nutting, Alanaon « Barney, William G. Burke, Daniel W. Kii,\, I. l,u I, \,n, r.\i.,n I ' nt mi in, William E. K,,l,iiison, Chauncey Smith. i ',,//i;,,n,;/ /'.— Charles o, .l.!,m-,,n. Company B.— Frank li. HutchinBon, Cyrus II. Hubbard, Charles H. l;,..,l, ,si,[,|i,.|i Kcudii, k, ■ hail.- Whiting, Edward d. Hill, Th,.ina- L. Newell, Francis AY, Parker, Andrew .1. Edgclly. ,l,.lni II. Maker, Alvanl E. Wilson, Charles M. Whiting, Robert Hume. Edwin Weathersfleld, Dyman Wyman, Charles Brackett, John Malum', John I. Mark, JameB M. Dickey, John Lynch, \u-.,nl Hall, Frank A Ulen, EdsonWyman, Horace G. Heath, W II ary Wyi n, JohnG Ik.' Iiinsoi Horatio N Hi. i,i ..i.i, i ., loi : I Dai '' ' - II W ims '" gi W.Williams, Frank Matthew.-, n-,.,i I', rk-n-, ' >i tin Corrigau William H Webster, ' hail,- A N.-WI..11, 1 1'- 1 in. inn man, Michael Curdy, I'aikt.m i' H-; I. John P. Smith, Cha CharlesH. Allen, u ilk. I II William Bonner, Jam,- M. km, Charles \ Cressey, i iwe I I 'nt,.. II, .1 M I All' Flag, w,u, .,m Gunn ii, Larkin Sarg.-uk lili, lg. mil F.— William Haskell, Charles L. Brow „-,,-. Emory Wy- k Cobb, Henry G. Hutchins ■ii, Rufus Bailey, , Isaac k i lolby, y, AmosCressey, ry, John Fallon, ■in'... II. Hani-, Ben- I . Fogg, Edward Field, .lam— Ferry, Thomas Follen, Hiram li. Frost, I. "ins .1 Cilh.-, James C.i ii, 1 1,-u iiia ll,,y m-, .I,,li ii Howard, Cornelius Kennedy, Dennis Keefe, Ja s Larkin, John 0. Mason, Charles C. M.,i-'i, I'.iiii. 1, Mil' 1.1, .lam.- M.-lasky, Charles Manlen, Frank i.iuiiiii, John Quinn. James Quinn, Patrick Quinn, William H. Rey- ii-'l.k, Michael Ileanion, Tiinolliv K, anion, Martin . I. Staunton, Ashel Stoddard, Abraham S. Sanborn, John Shea, Dennis Tehan, Francis B. Willey, Dennis Walch, Clark E, Wilson, John Walch, John Murphy, -William I'. icr, i 'rr,-ii Bush, Iiani.-l II. Mac. i hark-s Ik r.. iii.tr, Samuel n Mar.kr.-y, Bartholomew Maloney, Curtis R. Ilartly. Company T.— rge w Stevens, Ephraim F. Brigham, Jonathan Taylor, Alfred 1 i: ■■ ■ - I fM. Weed, ( harlea k, Batchelder, I barles 11 I ui rgi « Hackett, Israel \ Gale, Samuel B Mace, James Wyman, Albert '.. Ormsby, Clinton Farley, John I Davis, George E. Fitch, John Barry, Benjamin Welch, Robert Clayton, George W. Minns, Mums c. Win-in, Samu.'l \k Ii,,l,-, William II. Sanborn, Mon- roe Stevens, Joseph Wallace, Fernando C. Spaulding, Benjamin Harts- hi.ni, William s. Barker, Joseph W. Bailey, Albert ('ass, Edward Dolton, .laims Fern, Frank A. Garland, Charles A. Hackett, Frederick w. Lou- gei', Patrick O'Cmiiell. Ndsou ,1. Fierce, William II. Perkins, Horace .1. Parker, William Shever, Horatio H. Stevens, Henry D. Tompkins, ,.. ■. rg, V\ i man Joshua B, Webster Company Vnhtoum.— James H. German, William Hall, William A. Viltman. FIFTH REGIMENT. Milium] i. kangl.-y, lieilt.-liaut-cokmel. Company A.— Thomas Brown, John Emu Company B.— George Stanton, Frank Howard, Thomas Knight, James n'i' 11, Alexander le.ss, William Hickman. John Myers. Company E. — Walter St lerfield, George II. Houghton, Oscar E. Car- ter, ' niticliu- U. Stone. Company F. — George B. Jeiiiiess. Warren Clark, Samuel T. Smith. Jam.-, sietson, George Bradley, Abram Cameron, Edward Choppenger. Company f.— George Nicliol- Company E/nfcnown.— Waltei Bam,-. Ilila Davis, Thomas Bums, I'h, .in.,- 1;, Langley. SIXTH REGIMENT. i -Charles White, Charles B. Seavey. Company B — Charles J Gardner, Edward Ik Barnett, Charles L. Davenport, Allison Towns. v Ii.— John Fitch. Company K. — Ti TiBon, Owen Kelley, Cbiry y I >,l. on —Lafayette Pettingill. SEVENTH REGIMENT. Joseph C. Abbott, lieutenant-colonel . William W. Brown, surgeon; Ik in v I'-i.i iitnii. a— 1-1:, ill -nt- C'oiiiji.oi;/ .1.— Nicholas Gill. Grutmlle 1' Mason. Edward May, Virgil II Cate, William C. Know Hon. Jam,.- William-. Miner P. Hanscom, James Appleton, Benjamin F Clark, John S. Merrill, Granville E. Ful- ler, Henry Burke, John Hohin, Charles II. Hall. William li. Thompson, li- in i S Benton. Company B. — Charles H. Dwinnels, Alfred B. Shemenway, Henry G. Lowell. Company ft— Robert Rochester, Charles I-' G irnes, Patrick Craaln M„. Patrick Conwaj \ w Zebina Innis, John Smith. M.p Geary, Patrick Iiowd, ki, lend Si Jei'iliii' Blai-,1,11, Fiain I- 1 itlnl! Michael Brnsiiahan, W ill: m II Wood, Jeremiah Sp. ' John Pi. ki ii. n, hi. Owen Tully, Lawrenc, 11. rn, U Siuilk. .1- dill I't.inU I'. 1. I U ,1 : i:,,.,i,,„i. ',!,,„.-■ uehing Patrii Smith, Iiiclii.nl ompson. Patrick lovan, Benj u i . ■,., /' li. nrj I \\ Iiit:. , Georgi I Bobii M Charles G. Pyet Henry I Dickej Joseph Blanchett, Lewis Ash, George w Putnam, Louis Sej Brian"! VUUngham, Charles H. Abbott. I -k, 'i-M Kennison, Tl tas Gilm John Harking. my G Waltet McDonald, Patrick ,0. Day, James Doherty. I ,i, I James McCarty, Joseph Freschl, William Smith, Charles i ,, , John 0. Silver, Ann Bixby, John G Markham, Wesley Glidden, l , ,,, B Hodgeman, Silas L. Darrah, Charles A. Rowe II, John Hatch, i :il\ in I'.i.wii, Adam Going, William A t'liftord, Frederick G. Menill, I'laiii Sturtevant, John Hennessey, Newell R, Bixby, Benjamin F. Clark. I'.-.e/iaeiy /,". — Henry lisli'irn. James A. Ili',1-. lleniy'l'. Ik, I, I, ins. Company Cnhioirn.— W.,i , ., I I l. .... I. - Si,inuiugt,,ii, William Hall. MANCHESTER. EIGH1 II REGIM1 S I II ,-,■„■ - l g, .li , colonel . Charles A. Putney, quartermaster ; - Robert .1 , James Murry, .1. -s S Monroe. ,■„,„, „ B.— Robert Keefe, Thomas Harrison, 1 rederick Luut, Joseph S Abbott, Charles Milli lames Wilson, John Lawton, llonzo V Flan- .1 u .... . I'M ■ Olson, Tliuiuas l William Jones, 1. O'Brien, Th as Harrington, Dan Fitzgerald, J.-lin J..I111 Mullm, Jai NINTH REGIMENT . Webster, Burgeon. I, , - ibl ■11. Jan ■ - Murry, Lewis Mi yens, Joseph T. „ r Jefts, William \ McGarnet, Lewis T. Mitchell, Na- iter, l'i.» A Sanborn, rge W Rai la.ll Warren :i I i« mds, J> seph II Wallac. . Joseph E, ..,.,„,., 1, ,-;„, 1 1: ■ . : II ■. . \ Howe, Arthur , ■.. : ,:,■ • f 1 . • .■ • 11.1 iv s Willey, Mill. I. IMNI.-I . 1, Nathan 11. 1'ivl'.-... S>l».->l..| 1 1---I n. .'.I." l'i.l.-> ■ 1. Hi- K-1.M1 ' ■ . 3. Mi Intire I li imaa \ P 1 J 1 H Rol inaon. Company F- Augustus I Innia, Cyrus 5. Bur] I lea E. B GeorgeF Dunbar, John F P. Robie, rge \A Vllen, George G Blak. Jerry \V 111)., Elisba 1 i.i.iiinl.y. Charles P. Stevens, Edwin R. Stevens, Ralph Stone, Daniel Kirby, John Fogg, Enos f-hehan, James Linery, John Smith, Augustus C A s, Henrj 11 Dunbar, John I r Raley, Jan titer, John It - . ,. , Cook, Joseph Ci-awfuid, Charles Davis, Edward 11 l..-.|,.i|.l..l..iii. Milan. I'll a- <■ In. j.ial.l. lb niv II |. -.11. I. In. 1 Thompson, Marcus M C ei, Marcus M. Tuttle, Roberl N Colley, 11 I. i"onng orgi Dunham, Charles Myi 1-. I II I ■■ r, li - Sullivan, James Hazzard, Dennis Lane, John Winahan, Patrick Man II - Maul. \. .I..I.H Wh . Armstrong 1: Norris, Vsa Brown, Amos oit, F. B. Ha. kett, Josi pli ( ompany /' Chai li - Welsh, James Robston, James M Lathe, William A. Canfield, Hiram S. Lathe, olivi r Bud ster, ' barles A. Cummings, Charles A Carltou, I- man 1. Lathe, Sylvestei J Hill, \\ illiam'P. Mason, Augustine M Westcutt. Company >. -John Antics, Henry Edwards, John Smith // Mans 1. Chase Company I. — Jacob Kl usa < :>i,lj> ■n>rl l\ —.l.illl'- ' ."l.l.'ll Company Unknown. — Alonzo L. Day TENTH REGIMENT Michael T I hoe, colonel; John Coughlin, lieutenant il 1. .1. ■-. 1 Vngell, major. ,.„„, , A.— Ichabod S. Bartlctt, Andrev, « Doe, John B Sargent, lliiam s 1; s, Alfred G. S 1-. William H. Allen, "inn A. Clough, I.. ■ II. I liapmaii, l-aai- Mil.- Aldrich, .l.i-.'l Bailey, Henri A '■ " Dan \ M San- ,.„,, \, .i,.„ .1 Wentworth, Ulred Wl ler, John 1 WorMi W.l.i., ll. 1.1.1 1 Kn, . wli. . 1. . 1 11-11. 1111 Till. \. !;.■>. tliail.-U Minlli. Ml- Lie 1 ll'.|il...|IV. U llllalu l\ M.\.l.-. 1! rum P. 1 oibj 1 harli • 1 1'... ■'. 1 harles B 1. W il- 1. V Bar! " Mlllmall .... . , i.. 1 1. i.iiali Cunnur, Israel W. Chase, Joseph Demarse, Jeremiah C Allen, Frank llutchinso , "I'll, anas ' ' "•.'.'.',!".!!!."-," '•'--Mi.-l'.-.'-l'' ' I •• ■■ -■ ■•■ .l"hn W 1... ■ 1 : Strain, w illto.ni 11. a. .11, ' '11111 1" E1111 ■ 1. Hi Li r S x i P ;, \\ Grav, 3, William W II ■ ■ Il m, H lliam « Hi 1 ■• , William 1 1 Mini, Samuel 1.. Mm lull. William " Hi .11.. David Kisbj '■ Lewis, Charles II Mayhew, .1. - ph 0. >! 1) ■ H 11 Joseph P. rkius, David A ".uimby, David 1. 1: Hi - Shegree, 1 harles E. Sargent, Owet Sullivan, Mart 1 Intret, William W. White, Henrj \\ alley, Henry 11 Merril Mi., ilb Sel Hanson Tippett, William F Urdway, John Murphi Marshall lln i.l. in-. Mill. ...in 11 Hazelton, loscph It. Uazi-lton, Charl. Johnson, Holland, Patrii 11. v, Timothy ..... Husted HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Company F.— John Ban, Eldad HuiIit.h1h.-i r.ui ,,-. .lames Il.yl., Patrick Curniu. Ui^.in i .-mi. >lly, Jeremiah Cochran, Joseph Clayton, Michael Cochran, Edmund I 'uiiirali. Mi. liael 1 van. .lames N [Tew, Michael Early, Michnel P. Flynn, James Fiemniiiigs, i i. Patrick Curry, .TuLn Hurn^an, Mieha.1 Hamlley, Timothy He.lily. .las. B .'''"l-in-. Lawi I . nl. in. i - indere, Hugh Ui U i Murphj Michael Mara, Patrick Naviii John O'Flynn, David O'Brien, John O'Brien. \\ ■■;. w l'....' .. .: :, r.ik.r. ,l..|iu i.iuiini, John Bye : I' n, .' ,. Sullivan, Charles H i ..; - .,, Rum II Town, Bernard -William Higgin Charles W. Willey, Argus McGinnisfl, Km, lull], John van, John Doherty, 1'. Timothy Harrington. Michael Jlahony, Johi 11. Pen i.i.i i harlea , CbarlesWard. ihn Bryson, 1 r. I I owaj tn. k I'- Mi..-. William De- ... . li.i . John Garvey, . - II.,;. v Henry Hayes, -I,. I'.itri, k Paine, William Sheehan, Thomas Solun , Timothy Tehan, James Uiani llast,„ a -. Jeremiah Madden, .r, .lii, |iri-j;s, John Keller, Patrick l>..yli\ .lames Madden. ''""•i V I nknown —William F. McPherson, Sullivan B. Abbott, David Reed, John t',,nn,,r, .lames Burns. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. Jeremiah D Lyford, IndreW J. Frye, John F.Clarke, Edward C. Emerson, Charles I . I., In, -cm. Ezra B. (.lines. Enoch T. Farnham, Albert F Sargent, geE Dudlei Loammi Searles, Li n S. Buckland, Charles W Baker, William W I >h, Tl I Id Lyman W. Griffin, Humphrey M. Glines, Alexandei II.: Israel Henn J.,lin ■- W K, F. Pheli SI. Smith, Luthe Adam-, Joseph \ Smith, G ilkins, Frank lark, II.. His dson, Benjamin man M Smith, Page, lit E Dudley, Oliver lllirles II I , -John White John Smith. -Caleb J. Kimball, w illiam Stevi ns, Dai t«, Joseph Cross, Willi Imkennan, \ ■ tiioirii.— I'liail— [..■(. i. hijjit, William l!ait..n old, John Willi,., ,lo-,p|, Kerr, Mirl, a,l i.iu TWELFTH REGIMENT. I— Maitin liavis, Joseph shaip, Charles Bowers, M, ' -I k, John SI, Graw, Uexandei i onchard. .. B.— Henry .1. Lindner, J In S dtl Henry Thomas, Mumford, ... ' '—James H. Gordon, > Raphe] Reimaun. ' William W, Id.,,, It., I,, it Hill, ( harl.s Mardinan. Hen- ■"I'!' I" I '. in «, lla 'I.iyh.i, , I, all.- A Heath, John McCon- nell, George Alland, Hans Anderson, Solomon s w , .,.,,,., 1 - 1 : • • i •• - 1 1 l;,,r, laid. John Howard, liihl.aid Nolan, Lorenzo FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. < ,,,„/„o,,; /..—John N I:, I ./.„..,, ,, — Pati ick C in op, Michael ii ih i, ,,. ,i ,hn Bhibbii R. Wallace. Stephen M \\ ilson , Alexander, Danvers, I . iv, [e N ,r- Williain Warren, James A Bum- II "I' -. Philip I.e, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. Company K— Henry S. Perry, Mi, had Al,l,..tt.,n, th-,, Joseph K. Hazelton, Charles H. Martin, Ervin D Tobie. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. ' 'ompany G. s, r. McQuestion. EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. P.— Solo n Towns, Gustavue B. Wells, I 'I I , I — ■>■ ('. Biekford. John J. Ryan, Adlloi Edwin Mulligan, Michael P. Mulligan, Peter Locke. Compm r.— Thomas II. McGuire, David Magoon, Edward 1 Vathaniel A. Tuttle, Albert T. Bowers, Charles W. Bills, Au 'orey, Benjan Cook, George B .la. ksou I', .mat - iohert J. McFarlaml, Charles II. I,,,. Owen 1.,,],-, Harm "■"-" H Howe, John SI, Fee, Patri. k M,„ k, James Smith, w 'lumi .John F. Rounds, X.ichal'iah I: s,,. u;llI _ Amas., ,1 •atrick Sullivan, I hail- w ilson, Ge. rge T « bite. ' ",.;, A -ll.a.e .■ 1'ickald, Mile. .1 i..ll,y. Peter [I, .1,11, V. Lindsay. Walter A. Green, Patrick Prescott, Edward N. T card K. White. John Copp, Jeremiah Sheehan, George C. Mo, NEW ENGLAND CAVALRY. ram, adjutant ; Arnold Wyn .lon.s, Henry G Wer, n. - II Phillip-, M ]y i.iniml.v. Hiral II w, - i, PaiidF Wilson '-' ' ■ Bom , John Fran, ,- I oil > Nathan P. Kidder, Cyrus Litchfield I;,,--, II Ubert P. T.,-k.r. Ebeueze William .1 Walla,,'. n Watson . '• Philip Warren, Audi Th,.i,,as hair, ii. Edward Brown. I '■ ■ Henry Killatl, 1 n V Martin, Martin Oswald, Patrick SlcCarty, Tl as Hornsby, Charles Williams. Company K —Henry C'arr. Company Vu i .■ . ,,„■, William Sutton, G, Julius Lyford, James C. Dempey, rg. Parker, Jam, Haumaii, Hiram f. Hohler. Villlam C. Powi , Wilson. FIRST NEW HAMPSHIRE CAVALRY. 3 i David A. Con ■. r r B.— Benjamin F. Philbrl k. I p C.—Jo In, F.„,, II. 7,-,,,,,, B.— Andrew .1. Roberts. Troop F — William 11. Griffin, James II. Robinson, John C. i olburn, i Elliott. Tronp (5.— Edward I . Brov. „. John Balrd Emerson A Dunham, Henry II Aldri, h. Jan I ■ II -William A. Piper, William A K. II. -y. Edwin K. p.„ k.u.l. Jewett W. Perry. / —William II Palmer. I i' lames D. Gage, Jol I',,., Charles L. Prescott, Hugh Mill , i. , ;,■- \| I .. .-,. .lames II. French, .l-niatlian ]!. Chapman, War- ren Forsaith, William II Hart, Jason \ i bilds, M '. Q Wilson. Troop M.— Henrj B Hubbard, Enoch Lovell, Chai John F, Colby, .lame- 11. Parks, Gustavus II. Best, William C. Pow- \ ndren Hill, Phi mas Dal, y, Danii 1 I annigan, John O'Hara, Joseph Ilan.l.lph. ,,.oi-, i: spauldim:. Tliem.,- \ < '. line, Hugh H Ri, on \ I i v Bom | H ■ i i N Clough, Henrj J. w.-i.-t. i Daniel Doyle, Joseph Jackson, Richard r..l.ii„.. I s Hi, a, ,,,,, i. , -,. Atkins. IEAVY ARTILLERY. i ',, ,. Porquet, MANCHESTER Company Ii - i Company ' ' ■ Willard Buckn > p.n ...?.-. K'ImiIi miIIh.iii. . I. .Iin - All. i.. f.lii >■! _■ l: Baker, Andrew M Hacker, James O'Brien, Charles D Buntin, '■• ■' . B. Boutelle, William 1 l rati Fl Bi Harston L Browi Willard S. Baker, Charles Bean, Gi l W Bi ■■ ■ G - ' m Charles H. Cole, Stanford H Chase, Jo i Crockett, David B D ki .1 - M Dickey, Warren II Day, J. on II Day, Reuben Dodge, Wi llam E Denney, John G Durant, Charles F Dockum, II nrj i I - WUUamR.Forsi , Warren Green, John S I lie, I M . ..- -i i.. in. F.lwn. i. II. .M-, Sullivan I>. Hill, rge Howar William Hurlin, Michael Harris, Charles 11. Hodgeman, Lowell II.,, 1. 1, rn, Newton 1 1. .lli~. K/.Ui.l Hall. Wesley K. Holt, Joshua I Hastings, Manley U JenkiDs, Joseph Kelly, George W. Knight, i Grei ii. "i iin N B, N-i.. -. Alexander, Andrew Armsti ...» Ballon, James I Bowker, George Boutelle, Currier, Stanford II Ch nun Keally, John i amey, W Dakin, Frank I.. Edw i leoi -•■ A Gordon, Daniel ' Newton Hollis, Bhodea II. i il.l. Charles Geoi Christopher Barker, Orrin F Pillsbury, Henrj M. Piltobury, Chestei I Page, Frederick Payne, Moses Pearson, Albert B. Robinson, Horace I. Richardson, Edwin J. Ross, Dennis W. Reardeau, Noah W. Randall, Evi i. ii Sti vens, \ l ilium W. Sweatt, David A. Wilson, Georgi W Saw yer, Robert Stewart, Andrew W Stoton, George W Taylor, Edward W Tillotson, Joseph E. Walker, James M. Wallace, Sullivan 11. Walla.... Naliun, A. Webster, Charles F. Whittemore, Nathan B. White, Daniel I. Wells, John W. Willey, William Q. Young, Francis York, JamesO. Chandler, James li. Can, James C. Hum-. Company F — .h s P. Gallison. Company K -David P. Stevens, '' Houghton, Alfred Howard, George H. Ames, Franklin A Brackett, Herbert W. Churchill, William Fisk, Albert K. G II. m-. Frank 1. Gilman, Charles E Green, John Grammo, Leandei I. II .11 Charles \ Hall, ci.ail.-.- H I1...1.I... k, i.e..i ;.■ A. Palmer, Lewi- .1 -v. nth. G.-..i_'. I. Swain. S\lv.-t.i > Wal-h. ci,.. . I.. I, lia.l.v, k.|wmi.| .1 \\ in;. John E. Johnson. Company Z..— Walter Smith, Sedlej A. 1 1, Petei Burns, Pierre Mi. I...... Olivei Jepson, James M ilonoy, Henry W. Twombly, Horace G. Kimball Company M Fohn W. Dickey, Georgi K Dakin, Ezra D. Cilley, Klijiih E. French, John I: Bean Ephi i Fisk, John 1. Sargent, Charles W. Boyd, Georgi i B ■ I Hopkins, Alfred R Crosby, William G I utli . - '■• i 111 ■ >• I II .. ■ li i. Jai W Learned, Geor;. \ - '■ Nathan B Tilton, Ira P Twitchell, Thomas Welch, Charles I H W Clark, Horace H. Bundy, Charles Clark Charl M D « ngton I. Gray, Henry R. Noyes, Orrin 8 Silloway, ■■ I. raylor, \-.. P. Wright, Henry Bennett, Frank I. K-l ds, Edward M Dakin, G go Apple- 1 , .his.-iih c i.. .1. \;ii. .i i ..mi it John McCauley, Orlando Proctor, Ezra N Norris, James Richards, John Kating, Daniel Davis, Henrj Blair, Ge.-r;. \ Martin, Benjamin I". Bunkei VETERAN RESERVE ' ORPS Albert Bl.-.'.l, James Bvles, Jeremiah C'.nin.r, .lames N. Cummings, Patrick Dowell, Jer C. Davis, I E Demerit,, Henrj B. Eastman, Davis Emery, Harvej Hill, William II. Knowlton, Andrew Currier, Michael Powers, John L. Collins, J.-lm Rr.wt.. Willi.... w l -■■..,. Stephen 0. < ....... i . Thomas G Gould, Patrick II.. ..II. I. ..n. .1 ph R. ail. I., Wll Mel. I Smith, Jnlui Smith, Fnueh E. Stevens, CI .all.-.- Stewart. ;■■ W. Wil- li.!.... J. A Sargent, Franklin R. Tucker, Patrick Welsh, CytUB S, Bur- pee, Hiram G Gove. MARTIN GUARDS. E.lwanl Will;. E'lwar.i I', kill. hall. .1. .1.1. I '. IVh ..... I, . ,-\ .1 u. '. I -..i,- l.ui.i. Wiggin I Ibbott, Howard P, Smith, Joseph P. Frye, 1 barlet P Gilbert, Lewis .1. Smith, Geoi-e,. \V. lla\ is, Charles II. Bra.ltonl, Ilelinis A. Burbank, Frank \. Brackett, Charles W. Dimick, Henry Eaton, William Fisher, Austin G. French, George W. Farnham, Alfred I. 1; .hue, Charles .1 Goodwin, Frank L. Gilman, Horace IV Page, Charles W. Gardm r,Cl es I. Green, Alfred Howard, Charles Hadlock, Charles Hall, L. A. Hyatt, Leandei Hill. Martin i. Hoff, Clinton Jones, Frank C. Jewett, Marshall Keith, John Leighton, I I...1I. - 11. Moulton, Matthew- Morrow, Charles 1 M rae tl 8 Osgi l,J b.n H. Prescott, i; geA. Palmer, David P Stevens, Myri k I Smith, George E. Swain, Benjamin T. Sherbnrn, Sylvestei S. Walsh, Charles Weeman, Elbridge Wasson NATIONAL 1. CARDS. Edward A. Ila.-iiiau, John C. Hardy, George E. Kennison, William 0. FIRST LIGHT BATTERY. t...:_. \ li.-iri-h, John Wa.Mei^h, Henry E. C lict, Lyman W, 1:..,:, Robert Burns, David Morgan, Joseph T Durgin, Ira P. Fellows, UowardM F»rrar, John L Fish, fictsu F. Fairbanks J-rr.v I i.l.el- Hastings, James A Johnston, William 11 Kenney, Dai I 1 ■ I Dudley P. Ladd, Le Roy McQuesten, Tl as « Mot L H i Marshall, Charles W. • mutt. Christopher C P I 1 Charles Peoples, George W Parrott, William D. Perl Henry I Pat rick, Daniel M. Peavey, Th a- Randlett, ll.i.n - I, 1 ■ Reeves, Charles H. Shephard, Alexander Simpson, Henrj \ Sloan, Gut tavus S..I.I.-. .Ill- ■ ■ \ 1 . -:. ..:,.. Leandei G Sylvi -1. . Franks Edwin B Shu Nathan B. Tilton, Frank W Taber, Wi I!. .hells. Alotl/i. M 1 ..-w.-ll. Villi... 1 V I'll- T Bean, Edwin Henrj I B01 I, Can. William 1 Calitiel.l. Tl.oll.a •l.k I C ■ Dickey, John In Luthel I. Walla I'KS mim:p>iihii-|i:i> N. V.. FIRST REGIMENT I M ' -..'/ '/ /.'. -Levi H. Leet. - M. REGIM1 NT I Mil. C STATES SHARPSHOOTERS M 1 I' . .no Henry \ Colby, Final, Hanson, Jot than S. .I..I.1.S..II, I h.ilh - W Stevens. NAVY. .lain-- Have-, !■_'.• F. A-hl-Ui. .l.-hl. M CtlBtalOW, I'. I'l DoV w altet I., e, James Smith. M \KIXES. Michael Kane. BATTERY Charles .1. Anderson. THIRTEENTH Hen mi.vr FIRST REG Joseph II. Km. .wll..... REGIMENT UNKNOWN. Albeit Miller, John Reilley, Daniel Thornton, Alexandei Frazier, .!..!, r 1 .1.11 .I.,-e],h Hart. John Riley, John Thompson lmet R. Witham, Emile Keller, James Brown, Timothj Hallisey, .lain.-- Vnder- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. sun, Albert lluin,, Willi. nn >;. (']. ■ in '. !■■■ < . i nt.-r, William H. Goodwin, John M.-1'ln-isoii, Th. is Smith, Th-Miia- \\ ImKt.Mi, Altix-.l Mumii. Charles Brockway, Jesse 1 Williams, .1 » , Henrj Wood, William lioinor, Willinin II- Jackson, Jamee 1 IVtl.l.T, Sl.lllll.-l Sill;-!, .1.1 -. Slllll.llll, .linn.-- Slnllll, .liniivs s. Willi.ii,,-. John Murphy, James McCanney, William E. Stearns, .lam.-s A. H. Oiant, .Iannis M M.-vli. \. , .1. .1 1 11 kn m. l.-lin Smith. John Milan-. John Richards, Jerome Sfates, Solomon Leaks, Joseph Bess George B lu Ison. einni.-s ii.m-s.-v, .l..lm 11 Samuel 1 rbint, T a, M-a.l... William II. Uaggs, Pruy Gilveatt, Frank 'I'l 1- -ii. .1. 1 i aslej .1. - -.-Hi.. in Vi Brown, .1.. s Boyles, Georg. r-i ..n-..n, I 1 ..-. I canai.l, John Brown, DavidDudley, James Gordon, Frank L Gilman, Charles C Webster, Charles I.. Daven- port FIELD, STAFF AND LINK ' IS ■Generals.— Joseph 1'. Abbott, Hi- nai 1 I Donol nas 1' I'l- r. I -Iv.arcl L. llail.-y, Janus W. Can, Hawkes 1- . Ji Johi ighlin. /i-.ta-niM L'lvnfl.-. — Sam .1.-1 C. I.aligl.-.v, Francis W . I'.iil,- noil 1 J 31 1 \ 1 . .j . ■ ] l . I'm .-I B. Nelson. .l.i>.r.nif.N.— Ahull II. l.il.l.v, .1. -s.-pl. .1. IV.liohlK-. - Hear) Hill, Silas F. Dean. Surgeons.— William W. Brown, Syli is Bunton, William A. Web- ster, John Ferguson. AstUtmd Sib-i G n H Hauter, William G. Stark, Jamee P. Walker. QuurUrmasteii. — Richard N. Batchelder, John R. Hyn.s. Charles A. i Kimball. in. 1. Kelly, Hollis O. Dudley, Varnum II Hill, Rufus Kutbven W. 1 li.u-lit. mi, John Kirwin, Robert II. Allen, Bogei W Woodbury, William II Maxwell, Charles A. White, Robert C Dow, James \ Hubbard, James H Piatt, I rg. W.Huckins.j' ip- s-.ii s. N.-u.-ll, William w. Mayne, Granville lv Mason, William C. Knowlton, George ] McCabe Charles Cain, Frank Robi. JoBepb FreschI, Warren E F.Brown, William .1 Gunnon, Cornelius Healey, josepn c. i laiu, Amos I. sainiii k, nil <■ iiiimii-, a. .nil ,\. i.rn.-.-, w ill. ..in i: -;. .. ii , i.. --I .:. 'i i i. .in, ......i-j. \. .:.-. i i llakin, Ji - I' I'haii.ll.-t. 0.-..1-. ' J |, , M _ i, t, ,,, .1. ,1. ti K. Johnson, - — Martin \ I". Ilii In. iiUnli. hii-tin M.usliitll. Mi. Ini.l ■i Colby, William E. llaniii.it. Wall. i . i Richards, I rank C. Wasley, David M Perkins, I liarlei \ Mi - S Wiggin, Oscar A Moar, Patrick K. Dowd Charles iii-w .1 I ij-ii. i;. -.iiiiiii I, I.---. I'ltin.-i i.ii.-, ii - ... , \ i, j || II .'..' ■ . |. in. at F. S. A ili. :, Hubbard, H. nrj .. I ashing, James Miles, Robert Michaet O'Grady, Willard M Haradon, \n-li-u w. Doe, Mich- Sec I / - ' — ti I 'ii... les \ ickery, Chat les 1. Bn p Soavey, Frank B Hutchinson, Wi I W.Fletcher, Cyrus S. Burpee, Charles E Rowe ll.-nn Sargent, Cornelius Dono- hue, Aloii/.. 1. Day.IchabodS Ba tt, Thorndike P. Heath, Edward K White, John K. Piper, Orrin Taber, John E Bean, M ■- Pear- .i I. . ; h-i-lc..', II \ l.av, t.-ii- •-, K.lwanl J. Willi;, I'll. .in. . .1 Soldiers' Monument. — The soldiers' monument, which stands mi Merrimacls Square, was erected at a cost of about twenty-two thousand dollars, and was dedicated Scpti-mln-i- 11, 1879. Tin- corner-stone was laid May 30, L878, under the auspices of Louis Bell I'.ist.i;. a. K. The style lit' the monument is modern Gothic, and the materials of whicli it is composed an- New Hamp- shire granite and bronze. The design embodies the three-fold idea of a historical ami a military monu- ment and a fountain ; ami, in its cruciform base, includes a basin thirty feet in width, inclosed in a parapet of ornamental character. In the centre ot each of the four projecting anus of the basin is a pedestal, on a line with the parapet, supporting each a bronze statue of heroic size, representing the prin- cipal divisions of service in the army and navy, name- ly, the infantry soldier, the cavalryman, artillery- man and sailor. Alternating in pairs between these figures are eight bronze posts for gas-lights, sur- ah id by our national emblem. The column, fifty feel in height, rising from the center of the basin, i- supported on a circular pedes- tal four feet in diameter, and is crowned with a capi- tal richly carved with appropriate Gothic ornament; u]. o ii this is placed a colossal statue, in granite, eight feet in height, representing Victory with her mural crown, a shield lying at her feet, and holding a wreath and recumbent sword, — emblematic of triumph and peace. This figure, irrespective of the sentiment which it admirably conveys, is a fine wink of art in iis all ilinle, features and drapery. At the base of the column is placed a shield with the arms of the city; while above are displayed flags and weapons, the trophies of war. Surrounding the circular pedestal is a bronze lias- relief, four feet in height, representing such inci- dents of recruiting, arming, parting from friends and marching, as tell, in a simple and effective manner, the meaning of the memorial. The base of the pedestal is octagonal in form, and on its west or front side, bears a bronze tablet, on which these words are inscribed, — This inscription was prepared by Mr. II. W. Mer- rick, and was selected from the large number contributed by a committee of literary gentlemen appointed for that purpose. Above the bas-relief arc twelve gargoyles attached to the cornice of the circular pedestal, and issuing from them are jets of water faling into the basin be- low. The four principal figures in bronze are works of artistic merit, and were modeled and cast expressly li.r this structure. A/titr, MANCHESTER. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. JAMES A. WESTON. ' Tiie Weston family came from Buckinghamshire, England, and settled in Massachusetts. John Weston came in 1622, tml returned in a few years. His brothers and kinspeople si alter his return emi- grated to this country, and in 1644 his son, John Weston, .Tr., rami- and settled in Reading. From him the subject of this sketch is descended in direct line, and represents the seventh generation. Hi- grandfather, Amos Weston, moved from Bead- ing to Derryfield, N. II., in 1803, and settled in the southeast part of the town, known in later times as the Weston farm. He was a man of character and ability, and enjoyed the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens. His son, Amos Weston, Jr., was born in Reading in 1791, and came to Derryfield with his parents, llis early life was passed in school and with his father upon the home farm, but at the proper age he began for himself, and by industry and perseverance gained a competency in early life. He was highly esteemed byhisp pie and was frequently called toad forthem in local matters. He was also prominently identified with the business interests and public affairs of tiie town, and may justly lie regarded as one of the founders of its growth and prosperity. He mar- ried Betsy Wilson, of Londonderry, X. II., in 1814. She was the daughter of Colonel Robert Wilson ami granddaughter of . lames Wilson, one of those sturdy and substantial men of Scotch -Irish descent so well known in the history of the early settlements of this Stale. Janus Adams Weston was liorn August _!7, I Sl'7. He was the youngest of live children, and is the only surviving member of the family of Amos and Betsy (Wilson) Weston. His early life was passed with his p ireiits, and in the usual pursuits of boys similarly situated, — attending school and laboring upon the firm at such seasons as circumstances required. Mi-. Weston was not a graduate of college, and his education did not partake of the character sometimes termed "lib- el a! education," but he was pre-eminently a well- educated man. His constitution of mind led him in thi' direction of practical and useful pursuits from the first. He was inclined to scientific and mathe- matical studies, and distinguished in his early school- day- tor habits of industry and perseverance in the faithful and patient investigation of every subject within liis reach. After the disti iet school he attended the Manches- ter and Piscataquog Academies, where he pursued his studies with earnestness ami application. Subse- quenl l\ lie studied those branches which were deemed the most important to lit him for civil engineering, to which he bad decided to devote himself as an avo- cation tor life. He taught school in Londonderry in 1845, and in Manchester in 1846, with the best of success, ami during the remainder of the time devoted himself to the study of his chosen profession. In this labor he proceeded with a well-considered system, and qualified himself thoroughly lor a high position among the civil en-inecrs of his time. In 1846 he was appointed assistant engineer of the Concord Railroad, and entered upon the work of lay- ing the second track of that corporation. In 1849 he was appointed to the position of chief engineer of the corporation, which he held for many j ears. While chief engineer of the Concord Railroad he was master of transportation and road-master of lie Manchester and Law renee Railroad about seven years. In 1861-62 he superintended the construction of the Manchester and Candia Railroad and the Hooksett Branch Railroad. In 1869 he superintended the build- ing of the Suncook Valley Railroad, and, later, made the surveys of the Manchester and Keene Railroad. In all these and other business enterprises Mr. Weston has been the careful and far-seeing manager as well as the technical engineer, and has done the work with that well-known characteristic, "without mistake." During the time he was employed on these public works he was frequently engaged in private matters of importance, both as a practical and advisory en- gineer, and in cases where controversy had arisen. Soon alter being appointed chief engineer of the Concord Railroad he moved to Concord to live, on account of his principal business, but in L856 he returned to Manchester, where he now resides. Notwithstanding Governor Weston's life has been full of business interests and duties of an important character, growing out of hi- professional employment, he has been drawn into political and public positions to a considerable extent. He has never been a partisan or a politician in tin common acceptation, but he has always been allied to the Democratic party and firmly devoted to tic principles of their political creed. He is of conserva- tive and still decided views, reaching his conclusions in the same logical manner as in the discharge of any importanl trust. He believes the simple duties of citizenship are full of responsibilities, and that their proper observance requires the same careful study and faithful action as the highest official position. In 1862 he was placed in nomination lor the office of mayor of Manchester by the Democratic party. Although very largely in the minority, ami at a time when party strife was very great in this State. SO universally acknowledged was Mr. Weston's fitness for the position, and so generally had he enjoyed the respect ami esteem of his fellow-citizens, that he broke HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. down the party lines, run far ahead of his ticket and was defeated by only a small Dumber of votes. In 1863 he was again induced to accept the nomi- nation for the same office, and while the same in- tensely partisan campaign was made by his opponents and party spirit ran higher than before, he gained on Ids adversary and lost the election by less than a sei. re of \ Otes. In 1807 he was again brought forward by his party, and, although their relative strength was about the same and a determined effort was made by the Re- publican party to defeat him, he was elected mayor by a handsome majority, and entered upon his official duties in January. 1868. In 1869 he was the candidate of the Democrats for the same position, and, although not successful, it took a carefully revised official count to determine the result. In 1870 he was re-elected mayor, and again in 1871. In 1874 he was a third time chosen mayor by an overwhelming majority, which office he held when elected Governor. It must be borne in mind that Manchester has been a strongly Republican city, the majority of that party often running from six to seven hundred. Nor have the opponents of Mayor Weston been unpopular or unfit candidates. On the contrary, they have been uniformly selected for their great popular strength and fitness for the position. The Republican leaders have not been novices, and it has not been their intention to suffer defeat ; but whenever victory has been wrung from their unwilling grasp, it has been done against great odds, and b( ise the Democrats had unusual strength, one of its most important elements having been the superior qualifi- cations and fitness for the (dace which Mr. Weston was acknowledged on all sides to have possessed. During the period of his mayoralty a great advance- ment of the material interests of the city took place, and marked improvements were inaugurated and suc- cessfully carried on. An improved system of sewerage was established and, so far as practicable, completed, which proved of incalculable benefit. A general plan lor establishing the grade of streets and side- walks was arranged, and steps taken to obviate many difficulties which had arisen in connection with this important part of municipal government. Improve- ment in the public commons was commenced ami carried on as far as economy and fair expenditures of each yea] seemed to warrant, and the foundation was laid in public policy, adopted under his managemi nt, for permanent ami systematic ornamentation of the parks and public grounds. The matter of concrete walks received its first encouragement from Mayor Weston. It was a subject about which much differ- ence of opinion existed, and when the mayor author- ized the covering one of the walks across one of the Commons at the public expense it received much severe criticism, lint the popular view soon changed, .m.l the experience of the city since that time shows the wisdom of the first step in that direction. In the matter of a water supply has Mr. Weston been of inestimable service to his fellow-citizens. In this important enterprise he took a leading part. No one realized more fully the great benefit which an adequate water supply would be. and few compre- hended as well the embarrassments connected with the undertaking. The question had been agitated considerably ami various surveys hail been made, and the people were divided upon different plans and theories. Popular notions fell far short of the full comprehension of the subject, and while he was sup- ported by many of the leading and most influential citi- zens it was a very difficult matter to accomplish. Mr. Weston had made his own surveys and was thoroughly informed upon the whole subject, and engaged in the work with zeal and determination. The neces- sary legislation having been obtained, he prepared and carried through the city government the appro- priate ordinances by which the enterprise took sha| e and the plan for placing the whole matter in the hands of a board of commissioners. To his foresight and intelligent view of this subject, ami earnest devotion to carrying out and completing the scheme, tin- people of Manchester owe their most excellent water supply more than to any other influ- ence, and it is a monument to his good name, more and more honorable as time proves the inestimable value of a pure ami adequate supply of water to the people of our city. Mayor Weston was the first officer of the city to recommend the erecting of a soldiers' monument, and, by his earnest advocacy, and finely-educated taste, was largely instrumental in deciding what style should be adopted, and bringing that worthy and patriotic enterprise to a successful completion. The nol.le shaft which now and ever will, we trust, com- memorate the glorious deeds and tin- fearful sacrifices of the soldiers from Manchester in the War of the Rebellion, speaks a word as well for those who at- tempted, in a small measure, to show the high appreciation in which their gallant services are held. Frequent mention of Mr. Weston as a candidate for Governor had been made, ami in 1871 he became the nominee of the Democratic party for that office. In the gubernatorial contest he was met by the de- termined effort of his opponents to defeat his election. He would have undoubtedly been elected by the i - pie but for the strategical movement of his adversary to have a third candidate in the fight. This si heme was partly successful, preventing an election by the people by only one hundred and thirteen votes, although Mr. Weston had a large plurality. He was elected Governor by the Legislature, and inaugurated on the 14th day of June, 1871. The Governor's administration was characterized by economy and the most conscientious observance of official honor and integrity. Even the most zealous partizan never questioned his faithful discharge of duty, and his official term closed with the highest MANCHESTER. 1 L':-i respect of the whole people. In 1872 the Republican party put in nomination their "great man," the Hon. E. A. Straw, agent of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, and placed their campaign upon the sup- posed issue between manufacturing interests and other branches of business in the country. Mr. Straw was elected, and again in 1873, but in 1874, Mr. Weston was the standard-bearer of the Democratic party and defeated the Republicans. Although he failed of election by the people, he received a large plurality, and was elected by the Legislature in June following. In every instance where Mr. Weston has been the candidate of his party for public office it has been when his opponent started in the race with a major- ity and with numerous party advantages. Mr. Wes- ton has fought his campaigns against numbers and against prestige. He has contested the -round with opponents who were no mean adversaries, and his successes have been alike honorable to him and the party to which he belongs. During the years of his public life and since, Gover- nor Weston has kepi apace with the times in the many enterprises and business projects of his vicinity and State, and has held many places of trust and impor- tance. In 1871 he was appointed a member of the New Hampshire Centennial Commission, of which body he was chairman, and as such worked with great zeal and efficiency to promote the success of New Hampshire's exhil.it. He was also made a member of the Centennial Board of Finance by Congress. He has been chairman of the Board of Water Com- missioners from its beginning. For several years he has been a member of the State Board of Health ; also treasurer of the Elliot Hospital corporation, chairman of the "Trustees of the Cemetery Fund,'' treasurer of the Suncook Valley Railroad, treasurer of the Franklin Street Church Society, one of the directors and clerk of the Manchester Horse Railroad corporation, president of the Locke Cattle Company; but his main business is the management of the Mer- chants' National Bank, of which he has been the president since its organization, and the Guaranty Savings-Bank, of which he has been the treasurer since its incorporation. These two banks, although not so old as their neighbors, are, nevertheless, equally am ■ ■ — t'u I . and stand second to none in sound finan- cial reputation. Governor Weston is the president, and has actively been concerned in the management, of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company. devoting a large portion of his time to it- affairs. Governor Weston has been a member of the -Ma- sonic- fraternity since 1861, and has taken a deep interest in its prosperity. He has received all the grades, including the orders of knighth 1, and has held many places of trust and responsibility, notably among them that of treasurer of Trinity < lommandery for twenty-two years, — a fact which shows tie- confi- dence and esteem which his brethren have tor him. In 1854 he married Miss Anna S. Gilmore, daughter of Mitchel S. Gilmore, Esq., of Concord. They have five surviving children, — the eldest born, Herman, having deceased at the age of four and a half years; Grace Helen, born July 1, 1866; James Henry, Jul} 17, 1868; Edwin Bell, March 15, 1871; Annie Mabel, September 26, 1876 ; and Charles Albert. November 1, 1878. We find him surrounded by his family, living in his elegant and tastily-arranged home, blessed with all that life can afford. Solar hisjournej has been suc- cessful and happy. Few shallows have crossed the way, and his course has been one of honor and dis- tinction. In the estimate of character the world is often led astray by looking at result- and not observing the conditions under which they are gained. Accident often determines a w hole life, — some unlooked-for and unmerited fortune builds castles for men, and. in spite of themselves, make- them noted. Not so with the subject of this sketch. His good fortune is the well-deserved result of sound business principles and their careful and systematic application to every undertaking. Governor Weston is not a man of impulse and sud- den conclusions. He is rather of the deliberate and cautious habits of thought and action, and inclined to the analysis and investigation of all matter- in which he may be interested to an unusual degree. The natural counterpart of such characteristics — an abiding confidence and disposition to adhere tena- ciously to well-matured plans — is the leading feature of hi- mind. His achievement- have been true suc- cesses, and he has never had occasion to take the "step backward " so common to men in public life. Better for the world and better for himself is he who builds -lowly, but safely ! PHINEHAS ADAMS. The first of the name of Adam- to C i to this country was Henry, wdio left Devonshire, England, about 1630, and settled in Braintree, Mass. He brought with him his eight -on-, one of whom, Joseph, was the ancestor of that branch of this illustrious family, which has been so promi- nently connected with the civil and political history of this country. The line of descent of the subject of this sketch was through Edward 2 , John 3 , Eleazer 4 , John'. Phinehas 6 , Phinehas 7 to Phinehas 8 , who was born in Medway, Mass., dun.' 20, 1814. Hi- grand- father and great-grandfather participated in the battle of Bunker Hill, and served through the Revo- lutionary War. He had three brothers and seven sisters. Three sisters only are now living, — Sarah Ann (born in 1816, the yvil'e of E. B. Hammond, M.D., of Nashua), Fliza P. (born in 1820, widow of the late Ira Stone) and Mary Jane (born in 1822, widow of the late James Buncher), — the others having died prior to 1831. Phinehas 7 married Sarah W. 124 HISTORY OF llM.LSliORon.II COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Barber, ofHolliston, Mass., in 1811. Her father was an Englishman, and came to America during the Revolutionary War, and married a lady who came from Edinburgh. Phinehas' was a farmer and a mechanic, and became an extensive manufacturer. At an early date he manufactured feared-looms, and at Waltham, Mass.. in 1814, started up successfully the -] i in this county. In 1827 he be< ame agent of the Neponset Manufacturing Company, at Walpole, in which he was also one of the principal ow in rs. Phinehas 8 passed his boyhood in Medway and Wal- pole and attended the common schools, but showed little fondness for books. At the earnest request of his father, however, he applied himself more closelj to his studies, and, attending the academy at Wren- tham, Mass., for a year and a half, made rapid and successful progress in his studies. At this time, ow- ing tn the failure of the company of which his father was agent, be was obliged to leave the academy, re- linquishing the hope of a thorough education, and commence work. Circumstances -ernied to direct him to the manufacturing lnisines-.. and. with the de- termination to master the business in all its details, lie. at the age of fifteen years, entered the large mills of the Merrimack Company, at Lowell, Mass., as . Mr. Adams was early possessed of an ambition to become an overseer, and to this end labored hard and faithfully, never thinking, however, that he would become agent of a large mill. By his intelligent performance of the duties of his humble position he drew the attention of his employers, and was promoted in a short time tn the J ■■ >-i I i. in nt' -eemi'l overseer in the weaving department, a position he Idled until 1831, when he went tn till a similar posi- tion ai the Methuen Company's mill, of which his uncle was agent. Here lie remained two years, when he was called to take the position of overseer in the mills of the Hunksett Manufacturing Company, of which his father was then the agent. From 1 i ■ n >k - -ill he went to Pittsfield as over r in the mills of the Pittsfield Manufacturing Company, where he re- mained until March 7. 183o, when he returned to Lowell as overseer in the mills where he career a- manufacturer, and there remained until 1846, when he came to Manchester. In 1841, John rlark. the agent of the Merrimack Mills, in Lowell, proposed tn Mr. Adams that he should enter the office as a clerk, in older to acquaint himself with the book-keeping and general business of the mill- preparatory to tilling a higher position, which Mr. Clark then predicted he would -nine day he called upon to till. After some hesitation he did so. and tin- a period of rive years tilled this responsi- ble position, which in those days was equivalent to the J ti --■■II i position of paymaster. Upon his arrival in Manchester he was given the position ot' agent of the Old Amoskeag Mills, then Incited on the present site of the P. C. Cheney Paper Company. The building of the Amoskeag Mills was the beginning of Manchester's wonderful career of prosperity. Mr. Adams remained with the Amos- keag corporation until November 17, 1847, when he In came tin- agent of the Stark Mills. Of the great manufactories of Manchester, that of the Stark Mills Company ranks third in magnitude and second in age, having been organized September 26, 1838. Under the management of Mr. Adams, large suc- cess has been achieved by tin- stark Mills, which suc- cess has been largely due to hi- sagacity and business integrity, am! while, requiring faithful performance of duty on the part of each employe, he also had the ■ fidence and esteem of each of them in an unusual degree. Mr. Adams traveled extensively through England, Scotland, Ireland and France, securing for the benefit of the Stark Mills information relating to the manufacture of limn goods and the securing ot machinery necessary for that manufacture. In politics Mr. Adam- was a Republican, but was not an active participant in political contests, nor was he from choice a candidate lor political office, having oiih served a- ward clerk, when a young man, in Lowell, and later as a Presidential elector tor General i. rant, and was also chief-of-staff for Governor E. A. Straw. He was four years a director in the Concord Railroad, was chosen one of the assistant engineers of the Mam luster Fire Department, in which capac- ity he served with peculiar fidelity for twelve years, invariably acting for the best interests of the city. Mr. Adams was for many years closely identified with the financial institutions of Manchester, having served as a director in the Merrimack River Bank from 1857 to I860, and in the Manchester National Bank from L865 to 1883, and was also one of the board of truster- of the Manchester Savings-Bank, and one of its committee on loans. He was one of the directors of (he Gas-Light Company, a trustee of the Public Library, and in 1865 was elected .me of the original directors of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association. In numismatics Mr. i dams was quite an authority, and made a tine and very complete collection of coin- and medals, some of which are of great value, being very rare. During the administration of Colonel Adams, which covered a long series of years, many changes took place. In what may be called, more particularly, the manufac- turing world, was this true. Hand-power and crude methods of business gave place to water and steam- power and progressive, wide-reaching business con- nections. Colonel Adams was the oldest agent, and held that position to] m longer period than did any man in the Merrimack Valley, and of those holding similar positions thirty-five years ago marly all have passed away. September 24, 1839, Colonel Adams married Eliza- beth, daughter of the late Deacon Samuel Simpson, of Deerfield, a veteran in the War of 1812. From this union there were two children, — Elizabeth 9 , born '/ Yctt [AXCHESTEK. June 15, 1842, and Phinehas 9 , born December 26, 1844, both in Lowell. Mass. September LO, 1868, Elizabeth 9 was married to Col- onel Daniel C. Gould, of Manchester, N. H. Octo- ber 8, 1873, Phinehas 9 married Anna P. Morrison, of Belfast, Me., and resides in Manchester, X. II. In religion Colonel A. lams was a Congregationalist, and a member of the First Congregational Church in Lowell, Mass., as was also his wile. ( )n removing to Manchester, they transferred their church relations to the Franklin Street Church of that city. Colonel Adams received many evidences of affectionate regard at the hands of the citizens of the [daces where he had lived, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of his business associates to an extent rarely attained. On the thirty-second anniversary of* his connection with the Stark Mills as agent he was presented by the directors of this corporation with an elegant gold watch, appropriately engraved, and a chain and seal. as an expression of great respect for his character and a high appreciation of the service rendered the corporation during a third of a century. Colonel Adams was a total abstinence man; he could truth- fully say that never in all his life had he made use of liquor or tobacco. Of a commanding presence and dignified bearing, he was at all times a gentleman. His life was a successful one and his example a good one. He died at his home in Manchester, July '2;"), 1883, beloved and respected. His wife died June 23, 1884. They had lived together nearly forty-five years. .KiSl A 11 (HUSKY, M.D. In April, 1753, from Tewksbury, Mass., there came with Colonel Fitch a millwright who had purchased seventy-seven acres of land upon the Souhegan River, in Monson (as then called), and afterwards Amherst, now Milford, N. H., the grand- father of Josiah Crosby. These young people took possession of the lot "to subdue the forest, build a house and rear a family." They found their way to their wilderness lot on horseback, guided by "spotted trees," and there built a rude habitation. At. this place was horn, in 1765, Asa Crosby, who for about fifty years practiced medicine in this State, and to whom, in Sandwich, where he then resided, was horn, in February, 1704, Josiah Crosby, the subject of this sketch, also Judge Nathan Crosby, of Lowell, and Dixie, Thomas and Alpheus Crosby, professors at Dartmouth College. Josiah was handsome, genial and gentlemanly, quick to learn and early graceful in manners. He was started early for preparation for liis father's profession. From the town school he was placed under the private instruction of Rev. Mr. Hidden, of Tamworth, ami afterwards sent to Am- herst Academy, lie took lessons in Gifford's system in penmanship and became an elegant penman, kept school and taught private classes in penmanship. studiedhis j ro e-^h n with his father, attended lec- tures three terms at Dartmouth College and spent a year's term of pupilage and riding with the distin- guished Dr. and Proi'essor Nathan Smith, to learn his practice. He took his medical degree in 1816 and immediately commenced practice in Sandwii h, but the next year he moved to Meredith Bridge, and although he made very pleasant acquaintances and had some practice, he- moved to Deerfield, and in December, 181'J, he again changed his field to Epsom, where he remained till 182"), when he established himself in Concord. After three years of success- ful practice there, he was induced, upon solicita- tion of Mr. Batchelder, agent of mills in Lowell, to remove then-. Here, in 1829, he brought as his bride, Olive Light Avery, daughter of Daniel Avery, Esc]., of Meredith Bridge mow Laconia, N. H.), who was a wealthy merchant and manufacturer, a prominent and had- ing citizen, unostentatious, but energetic and decisive in personal character and business habits. By this marriage were born three sons and two daughters, the only one now living being Dr. George A. Crosby, of Manchester. His letters make quite a history of the trials and disappointments of the young physician id' those days, who was obliged to present youth and inexperience upon ground pre- occupied and tenaciously held by those who could claim possession, if not much else, in the way of title; hut increasing years and experience, accompanied with efforts and study, carried the young man to a leading member of the profession in Lowell, in fifteen years from his starting-point in Sandwich. He was honored with public oflices in Lowell, and assisted in devising and organizing the various institutions of the town for its moral and intellectual prosperity. After about five years' successful practice, in Lowell, having passed through the land speculations and becoming somewhat enamored with manufacturing, he left Lowell to take charge of the' Avery cotton- niill,:it Meredith Bridge, Mr. Avery having deceased and the property of the family seeming to require his personal supervision. He enlarged the power of the works, and was just ready to reap his anticipated reward, when the mercantile and manufacturing dis- asters of 1836 and 1837 broke down his business and turned him hack to his profession. In 1838 his brother Dixie, who had been in practice at Meredith Bridge several years, was appointed a professor in the medical college at Hanover and removed there, leav- ing his practice to Josiah, who now devoted himself to the profession again with his early love, zeal and labor. In March, 1*44, he removed to Manchester, which had then become an interesting manufacturing town. His professional life-work now assumed great use- reat skill and inventive progress. Here for thirty years he was the unrivaled head of the profes- sion. Here he originated and introduced the method of making extensions of fractured limbs by the use of adhesive strips, which gave him a high reputation L26 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. with surgeons in Europe as well as at home, and later lie invented t In- "invalid bed," which li;i- so teuderly held the patient without a strain or jar while the bed- clothes could be changed or wounds eared for, or, by dropping a belt or two, prevent painfullocal pressure and irritation. Che skillful physician, the Christian gentleman and sympathizing friend were combina- tions of character in him rarely excelled. "His life," said Professor [taker, of Indover, "was simple, real, true; with him there w i tons,-; he bad no beliefs exeepl those which were thorough; no little questions vexed him; he loved God, trusted his Saviour and worked for the welfare of his fellow-men. Such was his record from first to last. He looked with a calm, clear eyi future, and,so far as we know, was troubled with no doubts." He was one of the founders of the A.pph Strei Church in Lowell in IS80, and ol the Franklin Street Church in Manchester in IS44. He held < ity offices, ! times in the Legislature and was a member of the convention for revision of the constitution. In earh manhood, from cough and feebleness, he had not much promise of long life, but aftei a severe typhoid fever during his residence in Concord, he had great general good health to the last two years of his life, when paralytic tendencies appeared, i day, the 2d day of January, 1875, after setting a broken arm in the morning, and- after sitting in his own parlor for the finishing touches of the portrait- painter in his usual cheerfulness of spirits, in fifteen minutes after the artist had left him, at thi p.m., he was stricken with paralysis, from which he did not rally, but passed away ou the 7th. at four o'eloek in the morning, almost eighty-one years of age. BVCK, M. William 1>. Buck was born in Williamstown, Vt.. March 25, 1812, where his early boyhood In 1818 his parents moved to Lebanon, N. 11.. and he here enjoyed the advantages of the common schools of the time, and by the exercise of will-power ami aided by his vigorous intellect he made rapid pro- \ : being aide to take a col- legiate course, he. at an early period, went to Concord iged in the occupation of carriage-painter with Downing A > - While at work here he became interested in the science o( music, and was for many succeeding years instructor, conductor and organist in the South ■nal Church, at Concord, and afterwards at i or Street Church, at Manches familiarized himself with standard writers and re- tained through life his love for Handel. Beethoven His attention becoming drawn to the medical profession, he determined to tit himself for its practice, and by teaching music was enabled to de- fray the greater part of the expense ot' the stud) of medicine. He went into it with great enthusiasm, and his subsequent career showed his natural fitness f. r this prof ssion. lie commenced tin- stud) of medicine with Timothy Haines, M.D., •>! Concord; attended a course of lectures a1 Woodstock, Vt.. and also took the course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, where he graduated in 1842. He commenced the practice of his profession with the late Dr. Chad- bourne. in Concord, in 1842, and there remained for tour years, when, desiring greater advantages of per- fecting his medical knowledge, lie v isited London and Paris, where he became acquainted with many dis- tinguished men ill the profession and spent much time in the hospitals ot those cities. He a Rome and Italy, gaining much information and making a favorable impression upon those with whom be came in contact. Alter an absence ol one year he returned and made Manchester. N. II. . his home, and here, with the exception of one year spent in Cali- fornia, he lived until his death. Dr. Buck sustained an enviable reputation as a ■ id surgeon, and possessed the confidence of the community in which be lived, and was early regarded as one of the leading medical men of the State. He reached this high position in his profes- sion without the aid of wealth or social position. His success was due to hard study and close applica- tion to his business, accompanied by a zeal and devo- tion rarely surpassed, lie was unmindful of riches. public honor or anything which he thought might interfere with the one great pursuit of his lite, l'r. ssed an active mind ami the rare gift of a retentive memory, and was a thorough scholar. He seemed to know his own powers, and this gave him great influence over students in medicine. In his in- tercourse with bis professional brethren Dr. Huek was trteous and obliging, religiously regarding the rules of medical etiquette, and ill his consultations he always gave the patient the benefit of his best skill and extensive practice. He made it a point of honor to be prompt to his engagements, and never was tor on,' minute behind the appointed time. In his ex- ample and practice he honored the profession to which he had devoted the best years of his life, and did much to dignify and elevate the standard of medical edu- cation. Dr. Buck was a prominent member of the New Hampshire Medical Society, and was elected its pres- ident in IS66. His papers read before this society wore always listened to with marked attention. For twenty years he had a large experience in teaching medicine, proving himself devoted and faith- ful as an instructor. His office or the dissecting- incoiiifortahle places for lazy students, and he had little patience with a young man who would not work his brains. During the winter months his daily recitations were at eight o'clock a.m.. and woe to the young man who was not on time. 2-^ cA^ S .. t& r. Wells had but one brother, the late Dr. Horace Wells, of Hartford, Conn., widely and justly celebrated as the author of modem anaesthesia, to whose memory a beautiful statue has been en cted in the public park of that city. Hedied in the citj of New York, on the 24th day of January, 1848, at the early age of thirty-three, while pros- ecuting the introduction of his discovery into general use in surgery, as well as in dentistry. in which he made its first application. His early and untimely death, while his wonderful discov- ery was yet a matter of uncertain and undeter- mined importance, deprived him and his family of the fruits which might otherwise have (lowed from what is now universally conceded to he the greatest boon conferred upon suffering humanity in all the course of time. His only sister, Mary E. W. Cole, widow of the late Captain John Cole, a native of Westmoreland, N. H., but many years a resident of Medway, Mass.. now resides in Chicago, 111., with her only son, Arthur \\". Cole, a promising young architect of that city. Dr. Wells receive. 1, in his early youth, all the edu- cational advantages atlorded by the public schools at Hollows Falls, Vt., to which place his fathi during his infancy, and here he died April 5, 1829. After his lather's death he received not only the ten- der and watchful care of one of the lust of mothers, hut also the liberal and intelligent training of a woman as remarkable for her intelligence and Iarge- mindednessas for her domestic and maternal qualities. 128 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW II AMPSHIKL. He further prosecuted his studies under tin- private tuition of a most excellent teacher, Mr. Ballard, of Hopkinton, X. 11., and at the academies in Walpole, N. H., and Amherst, Mass. After the completion of his academic course he en- tered with enthusiasm upon the study of medicine, a profession for which by nature he was most admirably fitted. He commenced his professional studies with Dr. Josiah Graves, of Nashua, N. H., January 22, 1837,and graduated at the Jefferson Medieal College, in Phila- delphia, March 6, 1840, a1 the early age of twenty-one. He immediately commenced his professional career at Chili, N. Y.. in copartnership with Dr. Lucius Clark; but the field of practice proving unsatisfactory to him, he removed to Manchester. N. H., in 1842, where he continued his residence till his death. His professional career was highly honorable and eminently successful. Never a bold and practitioner, but always content with the share of patronage that fell to his lot, he enjoyed, in a high degree, the confidence and respect of his professional brethren, and never hail reason to complain of any want of recognition of his merits by the people among whom he lived, and who early honored him with their confidence and their patronage. Such was his pro- fessional success, and such his rare financial skill and judgment, that while in the prime and vigor of his manhood he found himself so fortunately circum- stanced, financially, as to be relieved of the burden of further professional labor, and several years prior to hi- decease he quietly withdrew from active practice, and devoted the last years of his life to the manage- ment of his estate, and to those social enjoyments and domestic duties and responsibilities which to him were ever the source of his highest enjoyment and his greatest happiness. Dr. Wells was married to Miss Mary M. Smith, December 21, 1847, — a union which proved remarkably felicitous to both parties. The widow survives her lamented husband, who made most generous pro- vision for her future wants. Xo children blessed their union. For more than forty years Dr. Wells was an earnest and enthusiastic member id' the Hillsborough Lodge of Odd-Fellows, being one of the charter members of the lodge and the last survivor of that little band who introduced the order in this State. He received all the honors the order could bestow upon him, and ever gave a willing hand and agenerous and sym- pathetic heart to its benevolent and charitable work. Utterly devoid of all political ambition, he took but little part in public affairs, never seeking, hut always declining, official preferment. His only service in this direction was as a member of the Common Council in 1847— IS, and as an alderman in 1848-49. He assisted in making the first city report, and the iti d and matured by him has been in use ever since. He was a member of Grace Church (Episcopal), and many years a vestryman and trea- surer. Dr. Wells was not an ambitious man. He neither sought nor desired public applause. Self-glorification and aggrandizement were utterly abhorrent to every element of bis nature. The ostentatious show of wealth not only bad no attractions for him, but for it he had the most supreme contempt, and the seeker after transient notoriety and ephemeral applause found no favor in his sight. Solid merit and worth alone weighed with him, and no man was quicker to discover the true and the genuine or more prompt and earnest in bis denunciation of the false, the sham and the counterfeit. As a citizen, no man was esteemed above him. As a neighbor and friend, be filled the measure of every expectation, and it is no extrava- gance to say that no citizen of Manchester ever de- parted this life more universally esteemed or more widely and deeply lamented. A man of tine physique, of strikingly prepossessing personal appearance and bearing, gentle, courtly, dignified, but affable in his demeanor and intercourse with all with whom he came in contact, he gave offense to none, but won the affectionate regard, respect and confidence of all. I >r. Wells died at bis family residence in Manchester, December 28, 1*84. very suddenly, of heart-disease. The first intimation received by his friends and the public that he was not in bis usual apparent health was the startling announcement of his sudden demise. JOHN FEKGU80N, M.D. The ancestors of Dr. F'erguson were Scotch, who settled in the North of Ireland, and were gener- ally en-aged in the celebrated linen manufacture ofthat part of the country. His grandfather, David, settled in the South of Ireland, and was a merchant in the town ofRathkeale. County of Limerick, which is watered by the "Lordly Shannon." one of the noblest rivers of the United Kingdom. Here he was married, and here reared his family of five sons and two daughters, giving them good educa- tions. The professions of the law, divinity and medi- cine claimed one each ofthe boys, only one of whom is at this date living, and he is the judge of the Cir- cuit Court tor the Southern District in Ireland. The remaining son. named for his father, chose also bis father's business, which he carried on in his native town successfully, and married a daughter of Councilor Fitz-Gerald, of the city of Limerick, known in history as the city of the "broken treaty." From this union there were eight children, the eldest of whom was John (the subject of this sketch |, w ho was born October 28, 1829, in Rathkeale. He was early placed under the care and instruction of a private tutor. where he remained tor several years, and completed his collegiate course with the Jesuits. Immediately after be was placed under the instructions of his uncle, Philip O'Hanlon, M.D., of Rathkeale, who had a large city and country practice. In due time Dr. Ferguson c?^^~ /// .'■ /. MANCHESTER. 129 graduated at the Hall of Apothecaries, in Dublin, and still associated with Dr. O'Hanlon, acquired a practical knowledge of medicine, surgery, pharmacy and dispensatorj practice. His uncle emigrated to America, and soon after- wards became justly celebrated in its metropolis. Dr. Ferguson followed him to America in 1851, and that he might practice bis profession here he offered himself for examination to the faculty of the •i llegeof Castleton, Vt., and received from them their diploma. The following spring he passed the examination of the College ofPhysicians andSur- geons ofNew York City, and received their diploma. At this time he accepted the position of surgeon on a line of mail steamships plying between New York, Liverpool, Bremen and Havre, where for a period of three .< ars he associated with manj literary people among the traveling public and made manj valuable friends. Leaving the service of the steamship com- pany, Dr. Ferguson was appointed one of the post- mortem examining surgeonsfor the coroner- of New York City, also assistant anatomical demonstrator and assistant clinical examiner at the Medical University, in Fourteenth Street, a college chiefly patronized by the sons of Southern planters, who were a liberal and chivalrous class of gentlemen. After practicing some years in New York City, here- moved to Manchester, X. 1L, in 1861, being the firs! Irish physician to settle here. Dr. Ferguson, shortlj after, was appointed by Governor Berry Burgeon of the Tentli Regimenl of New Hampshire Volunteers, and left for the front, with his regiment, in the fall of 1862. I>r. Ferguson, during his residence in New York, was surgeon on the staff of Colonel Corcoran, of the famous Sixty-Ninth New York State Militia, and saw service in the quarantine riots on Staten Island. This service fitted him all thebetterto till the position of brigade surgeon durin.tr the Civil War, near the close of which he returned to Manchester, where he has since been successfully engaged in his private practice, which has become large and lucra- tive. Prior to removal to Manchester, Dr. Ferguson married Eleanor, only surviving daughter of Michael ami Elenor Hughes, who were of an old and wealthy family of New York City, where she was born June L'4, 1838. From this union there have been four children, — Eleanora, MaryC, John D. and AlfredW. Among his professional brethren I>r. Ferguson is known to be a skillful and thoroughly educated prac- titioner, and in social life is an affable and courteous gentleman. NATHANIEL WENTWORTB CUMNER. 1 The ancestors of the Cumner family were of Eng- lish origin. The name is firsl discovered in the period following the supremacy of the Norman rule, — the return from the dynasty of the Conqueror to the as- i By J. W. Fellows. ceudencj of the English-Saxon line. It was first spelled Comnor, and later Cumnor, meaning "hospi- tality to strangers," or a " place of hospitality," and comes through the Saxon branch. To this period may be referred the formation of many English family names,— often derive. 1 from some unimportant cir- cumstance, 01' suggested by personal characteristics. [These became marks of distinction, new.titles to man- hood, and were proudly bequeathed by father to sou. —"inherited surnami -. During the century following theloss of Normandy, the A.nglo-Saxon, as a written language, ha-\ ing been banished from courts and superseded in all legal papers by the Latin, became dearer to the common peopleas a spoken language, preserving their cher- i hed objects and transmitting hauling sentiments. It increased its power and volumeby building new terms and means of expression, and particularly by multi- plying its patronymics. In a comparatively short space Of time the language hail become vernacular, and fairly entitled to be styled English, rich in the idioms and proper names of its own creation and outgrowth. "The history of words," says Trench, "is the his- tory of ideas," and he might have said of people and nations. They are not only the " vehicle of thought," but they tell anew the story of their times and enrich the great body of history with countless incidents of value and importance. In studying their genealogy, the English-speaking people find the starting-point of many an illustrious name in the peculiar circum- stances of those mediaeval times,— the natural product of the mingling of different tongues, and the constant struggle between feudalism and servitude. The famous old manor-house, I lumnor < lastle, so celebrated in romance, once enjoyed the rent-fee and service of a huge body of retainers, and carried for many a year, by reason of its feudal allotments, a numerous vassalage. Its walls have long since fallen into shapeless ruins, but the lands of its tenantry now embrace the beautiful village of Cumner. The families bearing this name have not been numerous in England, but have maintained their lineage with remarkable directness The earliest trace of these people shows that they belonged to the industrial the seventeenth century, had attained suchprominence as to nearly control the business interests of the great metropolis, and to whom the Lord Mayor of London was pleased to say, on a memorable occasion, " While our gracious nobility an' the leaf and flower of the kingdom, ye are the sturdy trunk and branches." The subject of this sketch belongs to the third gene- rations America. His grandfather, Robert Francis Cumner, came to this country when about fifteen years of age, under circumstances of a very interesting character. In June, 1774, while walking in thestreets ,,l London, he was - ized bj a "gang of pressmen" from the ship "Somerset," sent out to recruit his Majesty's marine. He was carried directly on board, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. forced to become one of the crew, and do the duty of a common sailor, lie was not allowed the privilege of communicating- with his friends, and n<> tidings from him or knowledge of his situation were received during the long cruise of the '■ Somerset " in distant waters, until she appeared in Host on Harbor and took part iu the battle of Bunker Hill. Her position and she rendered the British troops on that memorable day are well-known in history. From her decks came the first fatal shot, ami under the fire of her guns the broken and retreating ranks of Royalists found protection. The scenes of that bloody struggle made a deep impression upon the mind of young Cuniner, and lixed his determination to take no part in the work of subjugation. Circumstances fortunately soon favored his settled purpose. The" Somerset " not long after the battle "gol aground." probably somewhere in the lower part of Massachusetts Bay. During their efforts to get afloat, seme of the crew went ashore, among them the < lumner boy. w ho immediately availed him- self of the opportunity to escape from his unwilling service. While following the highway into which he first came, near the shore where lay the stranded "Somerset," he was overtaken by a Quaker on horse- back, who, learning his situation and purpose to obtain his freedom from the " British yoke,'' invited our young ;e1 up behind," and, throwing his gray cloak over the lad, soon carried him beyond the King'spower. He settled in Wareham, .Mass., learned the tailor's trade and began the permanent business of bis life. October 20, 1785, he married Miss Sylvia Sturtevant, whose family connections \\ ere very worthy and highly respected. Her father was a soldier ill the War of the Revolution, and fell on the battle-field fighting for independence. The Sturtevant people have received honorable mention in the annals of history, and their name is written among those who deserve well of their country. Not long after his marriage he moved to Sandwich. Mass., from that place to Wayne, in the State of Maine, where he resided during the remainder of his life. He was successful in business and became a prominent and highly respected citizen. He was a man of modest and retiring habits and exemplary character, but of indomitable will and inflexible ad- herence to what he believed to be right. If his wife were the subject of our sketch, we could fill it with incidents showing his remarkable tenacity of purpose. Robert Francis ami Sylvia Cumner had two children, — John, born January 19, 1788, and Polly, a lew years younger. He died February 5, 1825, ami bis wile, March 26, 1826, and their remains were interred in the Evergreen Cemetery, in Wayne. John Cumner was but a few months old when (he family moved from Sandwich, -Mass.. to Wayne. He was of a sanguine, active nature and early evinced the character of a sincere and zealous worker in reli- gious matter.-. Hi- obtained a fair education, and although to a certain extent compelled to work on the farm and devote himself to that kind of employment, his thoughts ran upon matters more congenial to his nature. When about eighteen years of age he was employed by General Landsell to take charge of his farm in I iridge water. Mass., where be remained several summer reasons. During this time he became ac- quainted with Miss Hannah Thomas Bartlett, of Bridgewater, whom he married July 11,1813. He settled in Wayne, upon the farm which became the homestead, and was so occupied by the family dur- ing his many years of labor and life in the ministry. Hi' was associated with the society of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, and interested in theaffairsof thai denomination at the early age id' nineteen years, and a alter appointed a class leader and licensed to preach. His labors were attended with marked 3ucci 3s, and at I he annual meeting of the General < lon- ference foi Maine, in 1833, he was admitted to mem- bership and received his first appointment. He con- tinued in the active ministry until lx.~>2. when failing health obliged him t" cease labor; but his love tor the church and his zeal in the cause of its established crei d- continued unabatedduring his remaining years. He died February 5, L861, closing a life of industry and devotion, ill which he had accomplished more good than usually tails to the lot of man. His wife died December 5, 1852. She was very beautiful when young, and was much beloved and admired by her wide circle of friends. Possessed of an earnest and devotional nature, she entered with ardent sympathy into the plans and labors of her husband, faithfully bearing her share of life's varied duties, — firmly in the hour of trial, and with amiable companionship when prosperity tilled the measureof their ambition. They had eleven children, two of whom died in infancy. Ihiie others have deceased, -Maryetta in 1871, and Francis and James in 1881. The remaining members of the family are Cathamandcr. William B., John T., Nathaniel W., Charles W. and Benjamin G. Cumner. Nathaniel Wentworth, the youngest but two of the children of John ami Hannah T. Cumner, was born at Wayne, November 28, 1829. lli> early life was devoted to obtaining an education in the vicinity ot his home, passing from the district to the private school in tin"' town of Wayne, and toother schools and seminaries in the circuit where his father's ap- pointments were made. During some portion of the season, for a few years, he assisted the older brothers iii cultivating the homestead farm, but at the age of sixteen he went to Wilton. M e., and engaged in learn- ing the tailor's trade If- remained thereabout three years; then went to Waltham, Mass., staying there about one year and a half: then to Lowell, Ma — ., where he remained until 1851, when he came t" Man- chester, N. II., and entered the emploj of B. F. Man- ning, then doing business ill the store occupied in later years bv the firm of Cumner & ( !o. [n January, 1854, Mr. Cumner became a partner in the business of merchant tailors and clothiers, the MANCHESTER. 131 firm-name being Manning &Cumner. This arrange- ment continued until August, 1857. Mr. Cumner then withdrew and went to Washington, D. C, as a member of the linn of F. Tenney .V. Co., proprietors of the National Hotel, [n August, 1859, he returned to Manchester and purchased the stock and "good will " ol the Manning store, ami entered at once into business, in which he continued as the sole pro- prietor until 1865, when his brother, Benjamin G. Cumner, became associated with him, forming the copartnership of Cumner & Co. Ai tin- time Mr Cumner became also a member of the well-known wholesale house of Sibley, < lumner & ( !o., in Bost having purchased an interest in the old house of Fosti i .'. Sibley, and devoted his attention largely to the wholesale trade. In lxcx, Lyman E. Sibley re- tired, and Mr. ( lumner became the senior member, the name of the firm remaining the same. In the great fire of November 9, 1872, their estab- lishment was among the first to be burned, and the firm suffered a total loss of their immense stock ; but their credit was so strong, and their energy and ability so widely recognized, that their business received no cheek, and the transactions < f the house proceeded even upon a more extensive scale than before. In 1879 the firm became Cumner, Jones .V' Co., which is the present style of the business. In 1881 he sold his interest in the business of ( Sumner & < !o. in Man- chester, which had enjoyed unvarying success and great prosperity from the beginning, and from that time devoted himself entirely to the Boston house. The business had so largely increased that it became necessary to give it his constant personal attention. The reputation of Cumner, Jones & Co. in commer- cial circles has become widely known, and its remarkable success an acknowledged fact. He was one of the founders of the Boston Merchants' Asso- ciation in 1X80, and has for some time been one of its hoard of directors. The importance of this organi- zation to the great commercial interests of l!ostoii i> widely known. Mj. Cumner has been eminentl j successful as a busi- ness man. Possessing in a large decree self-reliance and confidence in his own judgment, he selected an honorable calling and devoted himself to its duties and demands. He believed that industry and perse- verance, with well-matured plans, were certain to produce the mosl desirable results. lie knew the energj and fidelity of his own character and trusted to the safely of sound principle, and he has proved that his plans were wisely laid and his ways will chosen. At a comparatively early age he has acquired a competence, and in his position of senior memberof one of tin- soundest and most prosperous, and at the same lime conservative, wholesale bouses in New England, his influence is always in favor of that healthy and reliable condition of trade which estab- lishes public confidence and guarantees general pros- perity. Ami not only in connection with his partnership associations is Mr. Cumner known as a business man. In the circles where the leading merchants and im- porters of our New England metropolis arc accus- I id to i i and discuss the laws of trade and can vass the prospects of the future his judgment is greatly res] I. and the intelligence and foresight with which he is able to advise are highly regarded. He bear- an unblemished reputation as a man of honor and fairness, in all ways commanding universal re- spect and esteem,- -a gentleman in the true signifi- cance of the term. In the wide range of personal dis- tinction, among all the marks of honor and renown which the world affords, the title of a true gentleman stands first, and he who bears it worthily need envy neither prince nor potentate. As a citizen, Mr. Cumner has taken an earnest and unvarying interest in public affairs. Politically, his associations have been with the Democratic party; but his views have been conservative, looking to the real purposes id' the government rather than the aims and desires of party politicians. While residing in Manchester he held important offices in the municipal government, was a faithful public servant, working zealously to promote the general interests and the common good of his consl intents, of whom he deserved well. Mr. Cumner became a member of the celebrated military organization, the Amoskeag Veterans, in the days of its origin, and has continued to do active duty through the entire term of its existence. He held the office of captain in 1870, and commander of the battalion, with the rank of major, in I .s 7 '. I and 1880. During bis membership he has served in counties- capacities incident to the general manage- ment id' the organization, and while commander did very effective service in promoting harmony and unity of purpose and increased in a great degree the interest ami efficiency of the corps. .Mr. ( 'uiuner's connection with the Masonic frater- nity has been a very prominent feature of his life. He became a Mason in Lafayette Lodge, Manchester, May, L856, and was one of the petitioners and charter members of Washington Lodge in 1857. He held many subordinate offices, and was the Worshipful Mister in 1862 i 1863, and has been treasurer nearly all the time since. His keen scrutiny of its business affairs and careful management of its accounts have done much to keep his lodge in sound financial condition, hi 1856 he received the capitu- lar degrees in Mt. Horeb Eoyal Arch Chapter, and after serving at almost every post in that body, be- b Priest from 1862 to 1864. He took the cryptic degrees in Adoniram Council, in May, 1857, and soon after the orders of knighthood were con- ferred upon him in Trinity Commander)-, Knights Templar. In all these subordinate bodies he sus- tained an ardent and zealous membership, contribut- ing freely to their support and aiding materially in 132 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. their prosperity. In 1862 In- was admitted to the degree of High Priesthood, and in 1863 received the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Bite to the thirty-second, inclusive, in Boston, and in September, 1881, was elected to the thirty- third and last grade in Masonry. In the Grand Masonic bodies of New Hampshire he has been equally prominent, and his earnest labors and sincere devotion to their inter- ests have been reeognized and appreciated. After holding several offices in the M. E.Grand Royal Arch Chapter of New Hampshire, he was elected Grand High Priest in 1867 and 1868, and gave eminent satisfaction by his management of att'airs. In the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire lie held nearly all the subordinate positions, and was elected Most Worshipful Grand Master in 1872, 1873 and 1874. As the presiding officer in these grand bodies, whose duties are mostly legislative, he commanded the respect of the fraternity for fairness and impartiality, and was highly esteemed for his graceful and courte- ous bearing. His addresses and official papers were regarded as sound and creditable documents by the fraternity in other jurisdictions. If Mr. ('iimner has been prosperous and successful in other departments of life, he has been remarkably happy and fortunate in his family and social relation.... He married Miss Harriet Elizabeth Wadley, daughter of Moses D. Wadley, of Bradford, N. II., January 24, 1856. They have two sons,— llanv Wadley Cumner, born July is, lsiii'i, and Arthur Bartlett Cumner, born July 30, 1871. Hairy Wadley graduated from the Manchester High School in 1879, with high standing in his class and the reputation of a faithful and efficient student. He entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Boston, in 1879, as a special student, remaining two years. In lSsl |,,. eicia^od in mercan- tile life, and having integrity and the capacity to make the best use of his prh ileges and attainments, he has certainly the earnest of a prosperous and hon- orable life. In October, 1884, he married Miss Nellie B. Pope, daughter of Edwin Pope, Esq., of Boston, where he has permanently located in business. Arthur Bartlett, a bright and beautiful boy of uncom- mon intelligence, has yet to climb the pathway of youth; but if aught can be predicted from such tender years, lie is not likely to disappoint the fond hopes of parents and friends. In the common judgment of mankind, woman re- ceives very little credit for the sui cess oi man in the struggles and achievements of this life. The intuitive judgment and unfaltering support with which the faithful and devoted wife aids her husband are unseen influences, the force and importance of which never have been and probably never will be under-t 1 or appreciated; ami although the remarkable success which the subject of this sketch has gained may be attributed to his ability and integrity, still the high social position to which the family have attained and the important and very creditable purposes which they have accomplished are equally t]ur to the clear and well-trained judgment, the watchful care and over- sight of dome-tie affairs, and the amiable companion- ship of his estimable and accomplished wife. While in their relative spheres, either in the busy marts of tradeorthe domestic departments of life, "on 'change" or in the drawing-r n, each, to a certain extent, must be judged independently, in all the economy of life her individuality and influence will be seen to have done their lull share in moulding the fortunes of the family. The future may not be forecast, but in. the early achievements of men may be discovered the earnest of still greater success. In the character and attainments of the subject of this sketch may be seen the promise of the full measure of life's joys and the realization of a noble and worthy ambition. ALLEN X. CLAPP. Allen N. Clapp, one of the leading business men of Manchester, traces his ancestry on the paternal side to Thomas Clapp, who was born in England in 1597, and came to this country in 1633-. The line is as follows: Thomas, Thomas, Joshua. Joshua. Joshua, ,\>a, Allen, Allen X. His father, Allen Clapp, was born in Walpole, N. H., April 28, 1794, and died in Marlborough, N. H., February 9, 1838. He married. February 10, 1819, Hannah Newcomb, and their family consisted ,,f se\en children. All. a S. youngest. He traces his ancestry on the maternal side to Francis Newcomb, who was born in England about Kjn.'i, and came to America in April, 1635, and settled in Boston. The line is as follows: Francis, Peter, Jonathan, Benjamin, John, Hannah, born February 25, 1793, died February 9, 1838. Allen N. Clapp was born in Marlborough, V II., Januarj 2, 1837. His father having died soon after, his mother removed to Nashua, and here young Clapp received the rudiments of his education. He also attended the High School, and subsequently passed one year at the Met law Institute, in Merrimack. When about nineteen years of age he came to Manchester as clerk in the employ of Ira Barr, with whom he re- mained in that position until 1860. He then formed a copartnership with Air. Barr, under the firm-name of Barr & Clapp, in the mercantile business. This business was continued under the same firm-name until 1881, when Mr. Clapp purchased Mr. Barr's in- terest, ;md has since conducted the business as sole pro- prietor. The large and elegant brick block now owned and occupied by Mr. Clapp, located at the comer of Granite and Alain Streets, was completed in January, 1871. It is the largest block in West Manchester. In addition to dealing in groceries, Hour, grain, etc., Mr. Clapp is the New J lampshire agent for tin Stand- ard i bi c pany, of Cleveland, Ohio, and his sales are extensive. Mr. Clapp was elected alderman in R t^L^ ^JL> \ E. I: VI. MI. There is no prouder or more enduring personal record than the story of a self-reliant, manly and successful career. It declares that the individual not only undersl 1 In- duty and mission, but fulfilled them. The following memoir is bighl) suggestive of these facts : HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Charles E. Balch was born in I'Yancestown, \. 11., March 17, 1834, and here his boyhood days were spent. Hewasason of well-to-do parents, and was educated at Francestown Academy, and a1 the age of eighteen ; ears began his active business ran . keeper in the mercantile establishment of I'laitun .aniel ( 'lark, and adopted : "Beaohed, Tbal by the death of Col I Charles E Batch wehave ■ ■lln ie Hi. i i'. una healthful influem i , respe b " Resoloed, That while wede] li 1, when, rich in experience tneu It. it I. i :i 1 1 \ . . ;iiiil \\r n-sts upon tin- no, r.l i,i' hjs lite, unit that shines up from the ' vallej "i bis peacefu " Resolved, 'I'll. 'i ii enpj "I these resolnti isan ■ > •■ ion ol apprei iation >>l her hearUi-lt sympathy in h.T Innavr nt, an I. ■. ..ON ..1 1 1 o- "M.cnli. -t,-i Sioiii-- Haul., i toral worth ana Christian virtue, I uent, gentle and unassuming in tations of lit.' ; a . ilizeu uf large s death in 'hi- primeof bis man- i becoming evei re useful, yei w e thankful that no »hado« hat the brightness of his example s be presented to Mrs. Balch ^band's character ami of our hat they hi' entered upon the The funeral services were conducted by Re\ . ( reorge B.Spalding, D.D., who spoke with gnat tenderness and line appreciation, as follows ; and noise ..i .-, : - .,. 1 '* iiiiiiti.s .I.Mtli tails h- make lion l>>\ l-> •!■> one l.ill- .mi ..t llur ikiiUs, and in the * i tn 1. t.. be forgotten The roki :i onl) !-■! the moment. The -. -.1 !!■■[. ■ .in).. MM .li and arfivi- turban - ■- -■!.. .||-.l|-t "■.![' l"-tl< it It till' \\,l\ IS li-l luitlli-.l all I 111. ] r.-Sflhlr- is tills n. I, -in.. - ..- nevi t be. in in •■in i in.- And yet, now and in, oi bears away if such pecu- ..: -n 1, ni.ii ki-.l i.l. hi is tu tin-. .-..iiiuiumly, (hut all hearts „l the sense of toss se< ins deep and universal. It Is so to- mcemenl uf the death if Charles E. Balch brought a pro- this i ommunity. Hii 9 hasl -mi watched with an ■]■],■ Hopes .Hi'] fean '"i.i I it i- 1 the varying phaseBof / i b Bhoi k to very many hearts. in i. I.. i..\ .t -,. ... ..' .i number and of such varied rcpre- ■ 11 . lasses manifests El e depth and tenderness of the sor - death in- caui d l ere musl have been something in t.u' this pintuinul twlut-, wliiri], to such aii on usual degre< ha ■ ■ in this city. Doubtless there is thai in the outwa.nl history i»f tliis man which has stnui^h vnl us. Here wa~nnr win,, as a young man c( eighteen years of age, came into this place, putting his best life into the i "li li 1 ..', vi.^iin ni> i ii\ -i..\Mii: n|. M gh its successive stages oi growth, sharing al last, as the fruits of his keen foresighl and splendid industry, initsgreal prosperity,— and yet in the fulness of his matured strength, 'irf^L %yH. ^L^^^/^htfb MANCIIKSTKU. 135 He |llrnll\ of „iv,i h\ .[.■, dli ti-.'iii ii .ill. Only :i Christian faith, niih tin- tlnm-li i (he r;ttlt«-r's liuiisu, ran turn mir fueling ' Hut >m. Ml. 'thill- Tlli'IV (hall \'\l\ tul " .-lir -Mi'Ml I ll 1 1S SI |, 1, |. ■ [1 1 y a \va \ ii his hravi- a. hvili, - .ii.-l lorn < n|,,yiii<-nN in tin- v.-ry prime Ol llis : f-.| thi- wnl.- ami l.-lJ-N-l int. i.-t \v\\ l< h Ills death htlfi lali-ii, a -sti .-Ii ■: all.-, u..h >ur_'in- loble qualities in Mr. Batch could through more than thirtj years, auaki-ti.-l. 1 !.•■[.- i- a reS] ■ ■ t. in- Ill -■ii; beai :-. vvhii h mhj rl ii call "'it from us Bi wai i -;■!< iiwii- in IK- 1-ii-iu. iiitu all the main a< in ill- ■- « hi> Ii 1, |,. |...U. 1-. Mil. 1. rt.'l. tllf* - xtl'll ou-i, |>ati'iil, l"r--. ■ in: «iv mi ji uppluati.'ii, tailhtul i. . . ■ ■ tu tl ■ -|il' li'lnih ■,!';, \ : ■*■ acientioue n gard fi i ■* lit- wuii | i -: ii ■ p,-l-l-l' lit ■ ..Iit-I tiialh ■ !■■ ll, — - v. perience of the past and the Bad 1..- ..1..1,.— -U1I.1 ill pMiniplr nii.l truly '-imIiii ii and will continue t.. be, a fine example, ti> the young mi i Of ;
  • he was moderator at the annual town-meet- ing, town clerk, chairman of the Board of Select- men, ami captain of the alarm list, or .Minute-Men, who, fifty-three strong, marched to the defense of Cambridge. In 1777 the General Court passed a res- olution calling for volunteers to go to the assistance of t leneral < rates, who was confronting Burgoj ne, at Saratoga. The call met with an enthusiastic response. and .lames Hosley was unanimously elected captain of a company of seventy men, which included within its ranks such military men of ability and notoriety as Colonel William Prescott (the hero of Bunker Hill), Major Henry Wood. Major Samuel Stone and others nearly as well-known. These men would never have been subordinate to any man unless he honored the office to which he had been elevated. After the (dose of the Revolutionary War he ved to Hancock, N. 11.. where be purchased a farm and donated a portion of it to the town for public use. He left a son. Samuel, who was born duly 8, 1767, and died December 20, 1826. A merchant and farmer by occupation, be was noted for his piety and benevo- lence, leaving a character worthy of lasting and affec- tionate remembrance. He married Polly Dodge, and the fruit of their union was a son, Samuel, who was born on the old homestead in Hancock, Septembei 28, 1802, and this son was the father of the Hon. John Hosley, whose name appears at the bead ot this sketch. He obtained an education in the com- mon schools and the academy at Hancock, was a farmer by occupation, and died January Id, 1871, his estimable wile surviving him but six days, lie was an honorable man and an exemplary Christian. This brings us down to Mi-. Hosley < f to-day, who was brought up on his father's farm, and gained what education the common schools of Hancock afforded until be was twentj years of age. In 1846 he removed to Manchester, which at that time gave little indication of its coming importance. Mi. llo-lc\ engage-din manufacturing, and wa.- an over- Beer in the weaving department of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. He also engaged in the grocery ami real estate business, and in farming, and was successful in all. He seems to have- inherited the e\ en judgment and pronounced ability of bis an- '-c -tors, and has been called to many important posi- tions of trust and honor by his fellow-citizens, never failing to receive more than his party's strength at the polls whenever a candidate. He represented In- ward in the Legislature, Common Council two years, Board of Aldermen five years, and on the Board of Education for two years. He was city tax collector for two years and has been twice elected mayor, be- sides holding various minor citj cilices. He was a member of the National Union Convention, which met at Philadelphia in 1865, is a prominent Free- mason, and has lu-ld the highest office in Hillsborough Lodge of Odd-Fellows. In religion Mr. Hosley is a Unitarian. He married, in 1854, Miss Dorotha II. Jones, of Weare, N. II., by whom he has had one child, who is married to William M. Parsons, M.D. They have one- child, Martha S.. born April 30, L884. It is readily -ecu that Mr. Hosley is a man of no common abilities, and his performance id' the duties of the various offices which he has been called upon to till has ever been eminently satisfactory. He has grown up with Manchester, as town and city, and has don.- his full share in moulding its policy in govern- mental affairs. COLONEL CHANDLEK EASTMAN POTTER. 1 Colonel Chandler Eastman Potter was a native of East Concord. \ '. H.. bom March 7, L807, son of Joseph and Anna (Drake) Potter. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1831, taught high schools in Concord and Portsmouth several years, read law, and was admitted to the bar and practiced in Con- cord. In 1844 he moved to Manchester, where he owned ami edited the Munrln -strr /h'niocntt until the fall of 1848, when he sold the paper. From 1852 to 1856 he was editor of the Monthly Visitor and Gran- ite Farmer. In June, 1S4S, he was appointed justice of the Manchester Police Court, succeeding Hon. Samuel D. Bell, which office be filled seven years, with honor and credit to himself, lie was an able and efficient member of the Historical Society in New Hampshire and other societies, and author of a very elaborate- and correct history of Manchester. Hi- ennobling view- of man and nature, and of sound, true principles, were always heard with pro- found attention and delight. He had copiousness of ideas, and his writings were always filled with the thoughts of a comprehensive mind, instructing all who read what he wrote- with a ready pen. He was interested in the study of the Indian language, and has written many sketches of Indian character, and was a contributor to Schoolcraft's Indian work. "Colonel Potter was probably the best informed man and antiquarian in the State cm all topics that re- lated to the early settlement of New Hampshire-." He was genial and social, with a keen relish for humor and anecdote, friendly with all classes. The New Hampshire Men." * m^ . / r . y,,, _//■/// MANCHESTER. i:;7 rich and the poor found in him a true friend in time of need. He was a devoted friend of the militia organizations of the State, and second commander of the Amoskeag Veterans, a company that adopted the uniform of the Continentals. They visited Washing- ton during the administration of President Pierce, commanded by Colonel Potter, who entertained the veterans at his home, the McNeil (N. H.) mansion and birth-place of Franklin Pierce, in 1865. A grand entertainment was given them in a large tent upon the grounds. Colonel Potter's last able work, "The Military History of New Hampshire," published in 186(3, con- sists of two volumes, from the settlement in 1623 to the close of the War of 1812, with valuable bio- graphical sketches. Judge Potter married, November 1, 1832, Clara A., daughter of John Underwood, of Portsmouth, by whom he had four children. She died March 19, 1854, and November 11, 1856, he married Frances Maria, daughter of General John McNeil, of Hills- borough. After this marriage he resided at the Governor Pierce homestead in Hillsborough during the remainder of his life. Colonel Potter loved the society of intelligent and worthy people, and welcomed all without distinction. His domestic relations gave a great charm to his ex- istence. He died at Flint, Mich., whither he had gone with his wife on business, August 3, 1868. WILLIAM MOODY PARSONS, M.D. An early ancestor of Dr. Parsons was Joseph, who was born in England, married Mary Bliss and came to this country in July, 1626, settling in Northampton, Mass., and died March 26, 1684. Their children were Joseph, Jr., John, Samuel, Ebenezer, Jonathan, David, Mary, Hannah, Abigail and Hester. Joseph Jr., was born in 1647, married Elizabeth Strong, and died in 1 729. Their children were Joseph, John, Ebenezer, Elizabeth, David, Josiah, Daniel, Moses, Abigail and Noah. Joseph was born in 1671, graduated at Harvard College in 1697, entered the ministry, settled in Leb- anon, Conn., and moved to Salisbury, Mass. He married Elizabeth Thompson, and died in 1739. Their children were Joseph, Samuel, William, Eliza- beth and John, the three elder of whom became clergymen, John died while a sophomore in Har- vard College. Rev. William was born April 21, 1716, married Sarah Burnham, and moved to Gilmanton, N. H., in 1763, and died January 31, 1796. His wife died Febru- ary 28, 1797. Their children were Sarah, William, Elizabeth, John, Joseph and Ebenezer. William was born April 1, 1745, married Hannah Meserve, and had William, John, Joseph and Sarah. John was born November 10, 1751, married Lydie Folsom, October 16, 17S3, and died May 31, 1838. His wife died March 17, 1828. Their children were William, Judith, John, Sarah, Hannah, Lydie, Eliza and Joseph. Joseph Parsons, Esq., was burn August 29, 1753, married Ruth Pearson, and died August 10, 1806. Their children were Ruth, Joseph, Sarah, Hannah, Thomas and Mary. Ebenezer Parsons was burn January 21, L756, and married Eunice Potter, November IS, 1784, and had Ebenezer, Eunice, William, Samuel, Sally and Lucy. Abraham Parsons, son of Abraham, of New Mar- ket, and grandson of Josiah, of Cape Ann, was born November 2, 1754, married Abigail Burleigh, May 30, 1780, and had four children, — Josiah, Sarah, Abra- ham and James. Josiah Parsons, Esq., was born September 26, 1781 ; married Judith Badger, daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Weeks) Badger. He died December 9, 1842. Their children were Joseph B., Emily P., Sarah P., Mary E., Lewis N., Dr. Joseph Badger, Daniel Jacobs, Esq., Sarah Jane Rogers, William Moody and Han- nah Cogswell. Among the ancestors of Dr. Parsons were those who were very prominent in the religious, educational, military and civil history of the town wherein they lived ; notably is this true of Rev. William Parsons, son of Rev. Joseph Parsons, both of whom were graduates of Harvard College. Rev. William became one of the proprietors «i' Gilmanton, and was employed by the corporation to preach to the settlers, which he did for ten years. He was also the first schoolmaster in the town, and con- tinued his teaching even after he had closed his ministry. He was a very useful citizen, an exem- plary minister of the gospel and did much to give a right direction to the early movements in regard to religious institutions in the town. The mother of Dr. William M. Parsons was Judith Badger, a superior woman, and a descendant of that family so illustrious in the early history of New Hampshire, of whom were General Joseph Badger, of Revolutionary fame; his son, Hon. Joseph Badger; and his grandson, Hon. William Badger, ex-Governor of New Hampshire. Of the brothers of Dr. Parsons, Dr. Joseph Badger became a successful physician and Daniel J., who read law in the office of Hon. Ira A. Eastman, is a successful practitioner. Each of the children of this family, except the youngest, Hannah C, were noted teachers in their time, and two of the daughters became the wives of clergymen. Dr. William Moody Parsons was bom in Gilman- ton December 30, 1826; his boyhood was passed with his brothers and sisters at the old home. His educa tional advantages were those of the district schools of the time, supplemented by a classical course at the celebrated Gilmanton Academy. At the close of the academic course, having a taste for the study of medicine, he commenced under the tuition of Dr. i:;s HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Nal Wight, a celebrated practitioner of Gilman- ton, where he re ined three years, during which time l>r. Parsons attended a course of lectures al the Dar itb Medical College, and then went into the office with his brother, Dr. Joseph B., al Ben nington, .\ . II-. where he commenced I he pi act ici oi his profession, remaining about one year; he then at- tended his final course of lectures al the Vermonl Medical College, where he graduated in June, 1851, and retui ned to Bi nnington, pracl icing in company with brother until 1855, when bia brother Bold his interest to Dr. William M.. and v. I to Havt rhill, Mass. Dr, Parsons, with a large practice, ■ li -si ii n < ■ a favorable location, moved to Antrim, V II, and there, foi a period of fifteen years, attended faithfully to the increasing demands made upon him until L870, when he returned to Bennington. The practice of Dr. Parsons had become so extensive and the rides so long and laborious thai he found it necessary in the interesl of his health to make some change, thai his duties mighl not be so exacting, and to this end, in April, 1878, he moved to Manchester, N. H., where heal once established himself in his profession, and where he has since resided. During his long practice in the country Dr. Par- sons bad many calls for consultation with his brother physicians in the adjoining towns, which, together with his own practice, made the change to an easier field imperative. Is a surgeon, Dr, Parsons early took prominent place, and he has performed in these years many capital operations with notable success. In L861, Dr. Parsons was appointed by the Gov- ernor as chairman of a commission for tl ictirpa- tion of pleuro-pneumonia among cuttle, which was prevalent al thai time, which disease was thoroughly of some neighboring States in which this disease prevailed. In 1888, l>r. Parsons was c missioned assistant surgeon First Regiment New Hampshire .V nal Guard, and in 1884 was prom I to the office of surge i the Bame regiment, with rank of major. I >r. Parsons is a membei of the Masonic fraternity, an Odd-Fellow and Knight of Honor. In religion Dr. Parsons is a Quaker. In politics he is a Demo- crat, and in 1871 72 represented the town ot Ber nington in the • leneral < lourt. Dr. Parsons has, by his lively interest in public schools and educational matters in general, main- tained the family trait, which, from his first ancestor, has stood out prominently in each of the generations, having Keen superintending bc! I committee sev- eral 3 ears. In November, L882, Dr. Parsons married Marion J., only daughter of Hon. John and Dorothy (Jones) Hosley, of Manchester. From this union there was born Martha S., April30, 1884. For a period of about thirty-five years Dr. Parsons has been in active practice, ever ready to respond to the calls of suffering hi mity, to afford relief; prompt in his appointments for consultations, cour- teous and liberal while maintaining professional etiquette, he has attained a prominent position in the community where he lives. Dr. Parsons lias taken a warm interest in the wel- fare and progress of young men who had entered upon the stink of ineilicine, ami his office has ever been a place where all such could find counsel and advice, and manj have begun their study under his direction. A good citizen, a genial friend, a kind 1ms bandand lather, a faithful and trusted family physi- cian, Dr. Parsons enjoys the confidence and respect oi HISTORT OF NASHUA. IsY John II. GOODALE ('II A PTEK I. TOPOGRAPH'S ■'■ \ I i r. • i. i i I: -li. Iri . ttlvei Broo uid Pi n I tnb i i ill i PI ■ i '.'. id Li .1" ii rology. I i! . of Nashua lies in the Bouth i n pai I of Hillsborough < lounty, on the boundary I la chusetts li is bounded on the north by the town of Merrimack, on i be easl bj i be Mi i rimack Ri ei whii h n in, in llml on and Litchfield, on the south by Tyngsborough and Dunstable, ' on the wesi by Sollis. Its length is about six and one-half miles from north to south, and its width a little more than four and a half miles from easl to west. Its an a is aboul eighti en I bousand i ighl bun iiin.i', eight acres, oi nearly thirty square in II, I be in face in i be eastern tei i ;ei I, ". . I I," ni |'i.i in :i n'l imi.i v ale ; in i he western ■ : while in the southei n si cl i< al ridges of moderate beight. The bighesl summit in Nashua is Long Bill, neat I hi Via aehu i tl line, which is four hundred and thirty-nine fei I abovi the The city is well watered. The Merrimack River How- along its eastern boundary. The Nashua River, from which the cil taki it nami , comi from the southwest, furnishin iov er for the cotton- mills and other manufactories of the ci1 whili Salmon Bi oi '" I be -hoi b,and I hi Penni- chuck, on the north, are attractive and beautiful • i i . .in, i bree small natural ponds in i hi Lovewi Round, in the northwest; and Sandy, in thi o in if the city proper. he Sandy is the more noticeable, li lies in ii circular basin of sis ai ble inlel or outlet and is fed by subterranean >pring [I ui I':.. i- bi ighl ..i ii - abo il threi feet, usually the high esl in \ |n ii and th ■ ober. The water is clear, and f urn is] in the city. In agricultural resourci a Nashua i- below the aver- age ui i he adjoining towns. Th ei Merrimack and Nashua Rivers, limited h in easily cultivated, and excellent for the growth of corn and v< ;. tabli -. I hi highei land ol tl th. rn pari have fine liu\ fields :md orchards, bul the plain and the most of the rolling lands which covei the larger portion of Nashua are comparativelj unpro ductive. The soil i a depo il of the Glacial Drift period, a sandydepo il worn from the northern hills during thai geological epoch, when glaciers or ice- New England. More i ban two eeiiiin n igo ' hi earl i plorei named these plain ' in " pine barrens." 'I In bowlders of granite so abundant in the north- el n and we tern tow ns of Hillsborough ( !oi much f 'i and mailer in Nashua. Ledges crop out aboul .Mine Falls, and one ledge a mile west of the in j propej In i n i In a la rgi amounl of rough mate rial for cellai wall and othi i torn worl aboul the A Imosl i ■ ommon in Soul hern New Hampshire was originally found in this township. The lofty while pi m grew on the rich alluvial soil of the two rivers, often ha\ ing a hi ighl ol one hundred ii i i Mud m d ei en iii oi' i lii i ' id i . There was also, on some portions of i hi intei \ ale, and upon I hi highi i ■_■ i o 1 1 1 , , I - o 1 1 1 1 1 e 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 iide ol the N a h ua Ri ei a urdy hard pine, which wa ) used by bhi '.ui ettlet foi I hi manufactun of tui pent ine 'I'll, thin -oil of the plains was covi red been upersed h and oal Thi .ui time are t hi and birch, with a sprinl ling of maple, ash, elm, bass- wood, spruce and walnut. I red and the birch of the while .|. trees which had reached the average growth Hand of late in Nashua, and i hi tage of land covered by a natun ild animals hen- than in mosl other localities. The con- d the absence ol heltei bi this. While ii ne ol 139 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the earliest settlements the pioneers found wild . records of "< lid Dunstable" makes little mention of any aid from this source. The bear and deer, never numerous in this vicinity, soon disappeared. The moose, panther and wolf seldom came below Lake Winnipesaukee. r, a former occupant of Salmon B t, d) disappeared. The raccoon, fox, rabbit, woodchuck and squirrel were still numerous and anno) ing. But the scarcity of wild animal.-, as a food was compensated by the abundance of fish. Especially was this true in the spring. The Merri- mack and its branches were the favorite resort of the salmon, -had and alewife. Migratory in their habits, they arrived early in May, and not only the larger streams but the tributary brooks were full of them. id of ever) cascade the | Is were crowded with the agile salmon. The pioneers had tin need to resort to the Merrimack, since it was fai catch them in t lie smaller streams. Sahn was so named from the multitude of salmon taken every Ma\ between the .Main Street bridge and its entrance into the Merrimack. The Pennichuck was equally famous for the facility with which this delicious fish could be taken from its waters. They varied in Weight from three to sixteen pounds. The early settlers in the adjacent towns re- lied upon "Pennichuck beef" as the; greatest delicacy of the year. For half a century shad and alewives were used as dressing for the corn-fields, and were rarely cooked till salmon became scarce. Alter the building of the Pawtucket (Lowell and shad disappeared from the waters of the Merri- mack and its branches. From a topographical examination, it is very evident that Nashua owes its origin and growth as a city from the river from which it derives its name. It is a small river, but the water-power it furnishes tfficient to found a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants. Its sources are in the northern part of County. The small streams flowing from ; Mount Wachusett unite in the Lancaster meadows, forming the Nashua River. Thi nee it flows in a northern and northeasterly din thirty miles, entering New Hampshire about seven miles from its uth. Its fall of water between Mine Falls and its mouth is about fifty fot The climate of Nashua is health). It is exempt from malaria and fogs, and in the warm season is free from annoying insects. The average temperature is degrees above zero. Its highest tempera- ture within the past thirty years was ninety-nine de- e, and its lowest thirty-two deg I zero. The degree of temperature varies with differ- ent localities in and about the city. In ordinary weather the difference is small, but at dawn on severely cold winter mornings the mercury is usually six, and sometimes ten, degrees lower at the* oncord Railroad Station than at Mount Pleasant and the South Common. There is less tall of snow here than in an) other town ot New Hampshire not bordering on the Atlantic Coast. Exceptional wini but ordinarily the number of weeks of good sleighing in this city is few, often not exceeding four. The a\erago rainfall is thirty-nine inches. Nashua is the third city in the State in population, the third in valuation and the second in the value of its manufactures. It is thirty-five miles from ('on- cord. forty miles from Boston, two hundred and sixty- two from New York and four hundred and ninety-two from Washington. No extensive view of - visibll from any part of the city ; but from the lowers of the High School and the Mount Pleasant School buildings there is not only an attractive view of Nashua itself, but on a lair day there can be clearly seen the twin summits of Uncanoonuc, in Goffstown, the precipitous side of Joe English, in New Boston, the i 'tot, died Mountain, in Francestown, the Grand Monadnoc, in Jaffrey, the Pack Monadnoc, in Peter- borough, and Mount Wachusett, in Central Massa- chusetts. (HA PTER I I. NASHUA— (Continued.) THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. Indian Tribes— The "Nusli.-iwa.vs "— Corn-Baising — Stoni —Hunting— Modes of Cooking— Salmon and Shad— Wigwams— Treat i Squaws— Wars— The Birch Can.,. — Clothing— Stons Relics. Nashi k. was the first settled of the inland towns of New Hampshire. It is not certainly known in what year the lirst white inhabitant built his cabin within its limits, but it could hardly have been earlier than 1665 or later than L670. Fifty years before the Scotch settlers came to Londonderry, and sevent) years before an) other town of Hillsborough County, i >ld Dunstable," bad a white i, sident, there were log cabins on the banks of Salmon Brook, a little above its junction with the Merrimack. Longer than any other towns in the State, except Dover and Portsmouth, this settlement occupied a frontier position, exposed to all the perils and terrible disasters of savage hostility, and none did more heroic service in rescuing the colonies front the barbarities of Indian warfari . h is now more than two-thirds of a century since the last Indian remaining in the State died in a re- mote cabin in Coos County. The prophecy of Passa- conaway has been fulfilled. The race of New- Hampshire Indians is extinct. To the generation of to-day the Indian is a myth. To our forefathers the) wcrea terrible reality , — an until merciless foe. The history of Nashua would be incomplete without a descripti f its original inhabitants, (if the 1 II twenty thousand Indians in New England on the landing of the Pilgrims, two thousand were in New Hampshire. More than three-fourths of these lived in the Merrimack Valley. The rapid growth of the Massachusetts Bay colony led the more adventurous emigrants to seek for advantageous and fertile lands on which to find a borne. From the natives they learned of the attractive valley of the Merrimack River, and were awaiting a favorable opportunity to explore it. In tlie summer of 1652 the colonial government of Massachusetts, desirous of ascertaining the northern extent of their territory, appointed an exploring commission, consisting of Captain Edward Johnson and Captain Simon Willard, accompanied by Jona- than luce and John Shearman as surveyors. They were instructed to follow up the Merrimack River to its head and then- establish a " bound." At Pawtucket Falls they secured Indian guides, and, proceeding up the west bank of the river, were the first white men known to have crossed Salmon Crook and Nashua River, and explored the intervale lands of the vicinity. Having been told by their Indian guides that the head of the Merrimack River was at the outlet of the lake, they proceeded to that point, and upon a rock having a surface just above the water, at the outlet of the Winnipesaukee, they cut the following ,iu. .which, modernized, and substituting the full names for the initials, reads, — "Edward Johnson. Simon Willard. Worshipful John The commissioners made a report to the Massachu- setts government, on their return, ami stated that they were treated kindly, not only by the tribes on the Nashua and Souhegan Rivers, but by those of the upper country. From their description it is probable that about forty Indian families were living near the mouths of Salmon Brook and the Nashua River, and as many more at the mouth of the Souhegan and on the Litchfield intervale, opposite. The Indians of the Merrimack Valley were divided into small tribes, and were designated by the name of tin- locality they occupied. 'The Pawtuckets bad their headquarters at Pawtucket Falls, jusi above the present city of Lowell; the Nashaways lived in the Nashua River valley and about its mouth ; tin Souhi - gaus, on the stream of the same name ; the Penacooks occupied Penacook, (now Concord,) and a part of Bos- cawen. The last-named tribe was far the most numer- ous, warlike and powerful, and its sachem, Passacon- away, was the actual .ruler of all the tribes of the Merrimack Valley. He was the most sagacious and discreet chieftain of his time. These tribes, while relying largely on fishing and hunting for their livelihood, depended to no trifling extent upon the tillage of the soil to secure them from starvation during the long winter. In common with all the North American tribes, these Indian warrior-, when not idle, devoted themselves to war, fishing and hunting, ami imposed upon the women the labor of tilling the ground, securing the crops, gathering the firewood, and all the drudgery of the wigwam. Many of the meadows, or the " intervales," as they are often called, on the Merrimack and Nashua River- are basin.- having a surface of alluvial and \ce/etable deposits. No doubt they were once covered with water, which, by the deepening of the channel, has gradually passed away. In proof of this, we know that logs, leaves, nuts and other vegetation are often found buried under the surface at various depths. sometimes as low as twenty feet. Mr. Fox, in his " lli-tory of Dunstable," relates that when tic exca- vation lor the foundation id' the lock- near the junc- tion of the Nashua and Merrimack River- was made, in L 825, at a spot about one hundred feet from the Nashua River, and at a depth of many feet below the surface, the workmen found logs anil a quantity of charred coals, evidently the remains of a fire. Such discoveries are not infrequent in all alluvial lands. The time of deposit, geologically considered, was re- cent ; chronologically estimated it was exc linuU remote. The soil thus funned is tree from stone, easy of cultivation and for a time very productive. Alter girdling the trees and piling the brushwood, the ground was carefully burned over in autumn. With the coining of spring each squaw began to pre- pare h.r patch for planting. The Indian apostle. John Elliot, writing from observation, describes these patches as usually containing about half an acre each, though occasionally be saw one of a whole acre. Often a dozen or more of them were contiguous, thus insuring a better protection from the coons, crows and squirrels. The implements of the Indian- were rudi and sim- ple. The student of to-day will bear in mind that the aboriginal race in North America three centuries ago were living in primitive barbarism, entirely igno- rant of the use of the metals, or of any of the arts and discoveries of civilization. They were "the un- tutored children of nature." The bow and arrow, spear and club were their warlike weapons; the birch canoe was their highest idea id navigation : the -tone hammer, wed-.- and gouge, and bom- needle made up their mechanical outfit ; the -tone pestle, earthen pot, flint knife, the ladle and spoon of horn constituted their cooking utensils ; while the stone axe and hoe were the implements of tillage. The impression that the Indian axe was ever used as a cutting instrument is an error. It was an imple- ment for pounding rather than for cutting. No vari- ety of stone, whether granite, greenstone, trap or jasper can furnish an edge of sufficient firmness and HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tenacity to successfully penetrate wood. The red man rarely felled a tree, and when he did, it was by the aid of pitch and tire. He uscil the axe for splitting wood, peel- ing bark and pounding the ash for basket materials. To the squaw it was of service in digging up bushes ami mots, and mellowing the soil; but alter the ground was prepared for planting, the hoe was the main implement used by the women, on whom de- volved the toil of cultivating the land. It was made of granite, or oftener of hard slate, having the shape of the carpenter's adze, and with a deep groove cut around the head to secure it to the handle. The handle was a withe. SO pliant as to lie twisted tightly in the groove around the head of the hoe; it was then fastened with a strip of raw-hide. Both the withe and the raw -hide wire made firm by drying before the handle would lie serviceable. Such an implement would be of little use in hard, stony ground, hut in the nit How loam of the intervale it sufficed to form the hills and remove the intruding weeds. The corn was of several colors, smaller of kernel and quicker in maturing than we are now accustomed to plant. The tribes of the Merrimack Valley began to plant "when the leaves of the white oak were as large as the ear of the mouse." From this habit was derived the adage of the first white settlers, — The s.piaws attended diligently to the plowing corn, planting it in rows and hilling in much the .same way we do. Some of the abandoned corn-fields on the intervales of Hudson retained for years the shape of the hills of corn as they were left by the natives. After several seasons, when the grounds be- came exhausted, they dressed the soil with shad and alewives. These fish luckily arrived in immense num- bers just before planting-time, and were easily caught in everj brook or rivulet tributary to the river. Tut- ting a single fish in each hill was enough to -<•• me a good yield. To the red men corn, the especial product of the western continent, was a rich gift. It springs luxuri- antly from a rich, fresh soil, and in the warm loam, with little aid from cultivation, soon outstrips the weeds. It hears not ten, nor twenty, hut three hun- dred-fold. If once dry, it is hurt neither by heat nor cold, may he preserved in a pit or cave tin- years and even centuries, is gathered from the field by hand without knife or pruning-hook, and becomes nutri- tious food by a simple roasting or parching before a fire. Besides corn, beans, squashes, pumpkins, melons and gourds, all of them indigenous, were more or less grown. Before ripening, the corn was often roasted for immediate use. When boiled in kernels it was called samp. When pounded in a mortar and boiled it was called hominy. When boiled with an equal quantity of beans it was called succotash. The squash and pumpkin were cooked by boiling or steam- ing, and used with other food. In summer the rasp- berry and blackberry were freely eaten, and in autumn the squaws, aided by the children, searched the forests for nuts, gathering chestnuts, beech-nuts, walnuts and acorus for food in winter. The acorns were parched and ground and mixed with eorn-nical. The hunting of wild animals was something more than an occupation to the red man. It was an amuse- ment, and sometimes an inspiration. The forests thickly covering the numerous hills of this county abounded with foxes, raccoons, rabbits, woodchucks and squirrels. In the fall the bear was sometimes caught, and in the early winter venison often hung from the rafters of the wigwam. These animals were timidand wary, and could he approached only by stealth. To get within how-shot required much skill, as well as patience, and was often unsuccessful at last. Hence other contrivances were resorted to. flaps and snares of various kinds, adapted to the size and habits of '.he animal sought after, we're extensively used. For deer a driving-yard was built, forming a figure like the letter V, at some place known to be a resort of this animal. Placing the best marksmen at the a]. ex, the rest of the party, forming a line, beat the outlying woods so as to drive the deer within the inclosure, from which they could escape only through (he opening at the apex. Here they were usually snared or shot. The wild pigeon is said to have been surprisingly numerous before, and for a t ime after, the advent of the wdiite population. Thousands, in August and September, would at twilight alight upon two or three adjacent forest-trees, many bushels of them to be taken before dawn by the natives. The Indians rarely eat raw meat. Usually it was roasted upon split sticks or wooden forks, or broiled upon live coals. When meat was boiled, it was with corn or beans, and if the earthen pot was wanting, a wooden trOUgh WaS Used to conk tile fond h\ throwing heated stones into the water. In eating, they used neither knife nor fork, and drank from a gourd or birch-bark cup. The tribes of the Merrimack Valley were attracted by the great Dumber and superior quality of the fish which annually ascended the river in the early [.art of May. The announcement of their arrival was re- ceived with shouts, yells and every evidence of -alis- faction. It was the jubilant event of the year. All the tribes gathered at the fishing haunts. Cat s, seines, ton lies and spears were in demand. There was usually such an abundance of the'fish that salmon only were selected as palatable. .Many wen taken with the stone-pointed spear. More were caught with the seines made of wild hemp and the inner bark of the elm and spruce. But in the height of the ''run," in the small streams the club was often the more effective, and heaps of salmon were thrown upou the banks, where the squaws with their flint knives NASHUA. 143 stood ready to dress them, splitting them and laying them upon the turf to dry. At aight they were taken to the wigwam and hung around the centre-pole to be cured by the smoke. Each night was passed in danc- ing and feasting, — a kind of jubilee for the success of the day. The wigwams were built by the squaws. They were rude structures made of eight or ten poles set round in the form of a cone, having a stout centre- pole, to which all the others were bent and fastened with a strong rope of hark. This rude frame was cov- ered with hark or mats, leaving an opening at the top for the smoke to escape. There was rather a low opening in the side of the wigwam left for the purpose of a doorway, over which a hear or a deerskin was suspended to answer the purpose of a door. This was pushed aside when any one wished to enter or go out. A huge pin was driven into the centre-pole upon which to hang the kettle. At the base of this pole, under the pin, was placed edgewise a large Hat stone, against which the fire was made, ami which protected the pole from hurning. Rude mats were placed on the ground, on which they sat, took their meals and slept. The condition of the wigwam was habitually untidy. Often in the summer season the contents and sur- roundings became so offensive as to compel a removal to a new location. This required hut a few hours' labor, and was wholly done by the women. Ft is a trait of savage character to degrade womanhood. With the red man this was universal. The females bore the burden of unconditional and unremitting servitude. Under the most cruel treatment they had no redress. Their utmost efforts ami severest toil had no other reward than neglect, it' not indignity. Jt is nut strange that mothers of female infants were some- times driven to infanticide. J'li.' tribes of the Merrimack Valley, though less ferocious than the Mohawks of New York and the Tarentines of Maine, were addicted to strife and bloodshed. Wars were as incessanl and relentless before the advent of Europeans as afterwards. Ex- tinction had been the lot of many a tribe in the long period which preceded the discovery of the continent. It required no tedious effort for a chief to fire tie heart of every warrior in his clan, and once enlisted, there was no risk of desertion. The red men were not wanting in courage and persistance. Their wars were terrible, not from their numbers, for on an\ one ex- pedition they rarely exceeded a hundred men ; it was the parties of -i-.. or seven which were most to be dreaded, especially in a war of retaliation. Skill con- sisted in surprising the enemy unaware-. They fol- lowed his trail to kill him when he slept, or they laid in ambush near his wigwam, and watched for an op- portunity of suddenly attacking ami destroying him, ami usually his squaw and children after him, ami taking their scalps, hastened back in triumph to their tribe with their trophies dangling from their belts. It was the danger of just such strategy and barbarity that for two-thirds of a century made every white family in Dunstable feel insecure. The earliest explorers spoke of the birch canoe as the possession of every Indian family. Its construc- tion required skill rather than strength. A light frame-work of ash or white-oak was first made, and this was tightly covered with white birch-bark, care- fullj -eh, led, with tin' several pieces neatly sewed together with the sinews of s e animal or the twine of wild hemp. The seams were made tight with pitch. These canoes were from twelve to fifteen feet in length, were propelled by paddles not unlike thote now in use, and would carry from three to five persons, who sat on the bottom oft he canoe. It floated gracefully, and both sexes acquired great facility in using it. The occasions for using the canoe on the Merrimack were frequent, inasmuch as the land on both sides of the river was more or less occupied. " At almost any hour," wrote Captain Willard. " one could see at the. mouths of the Nashua and Souhegan the natives going to and fro in their canoe-.'' The clothing of the natives in summer was an apron made of skin, fastened around (he waist ; in winter a bear-skin, or a jacket made of smaller skins. They wore skin moccasins on their feet, and to these, when traveling upon the deep and soft snow, the oval- shaped show-shoes were hound, on which, though cumbersome to the novice, the Indian hunter could well-nigh outstrip the wind. Tin' natives of the eastern continent have enduring monuments of their ancestors. The savage red men who for ages occupied the Merrimack Valley left no obelisk or pyramid, no ruin of walled cown or temple. The stone implements buried in the soil they occupied are the only visible evidence of their having existed. These are most abundant around the water-falls at Ainoskeag, the Weirs, Suncook and l'awtucket, but they have also been found on almost every acre of intervale between Lake Winnipesaukee and New- buryport. Around the A skeag Falls antiquarians have picked up thousands of the stone arrow and spear-heads with which they pointed their weapons. In excavations at Sanbornton Bay have been found stone axes, steatite pipes, coarse fragments of pottery and rude ornaments. On the alluvial plough-lands of Nashua have been dug up stone pestles, hatchets, gouges, knives, sinkers and arrow-points, — the sole relics of a niee who were unable to survive the ap- proach of civilization. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. NASHUA— {Continued.) I ROM ■nil I [RST SETTLEMENT TO 1702. M.,k n: _ I I.Ui.l I.: Hit- — Ol.lT't.T llranted to I'm. -I, i,i.i.,t . - Boui laries of the Township— Withdrawal oi the Indians— M ..-. -Lot- Ineeitain I'll.' ■ >l Settlement— King Philip's •\ i .ni, - Wiir— 1 i.-ittli ,,f Hi.- Ila—ll Family— Garrisun ll..nse-— r..\.rt\ iniil Hardships. "I.'.-II.- HI, ill--,' Lit. -Hi IHI.l L r 1 Who here in pel il stood. Ami raised their II v mu. Pea. - to thi i evi - ! i thai on their head Two hundred years I Shall ne'er grow .111. i. ■■-./.,/,,. l'tn-povt. Ai ri.i; tlic earliest settlements in New Hampshire, at Dover ami Portsmouth, in 1623, the growth of popu- lation was, for some years, -low. The first settlers of these two towns were speculators, rather than farmers, and this circumstance < 1 i< 1 not strongly attract new- comers. .Meanwhile, the settlements of the Massachusetts colony grew rapidly. From 1650 t.. L665 was a period of unwonted activity ami prosperity. In 16iw tin- settlements had extended northward to Chelms- ford ami Groton. The Massachusetts colonii incut, disregarding the Masonian claim, and consider- ing all that part of New Hampshire south of Lake Winnipesaukee within her own limits, began to dis- tribute grants of land in the Merrimack Valley as far north as the present towns of Merrimack and Litchfield. Four hundred acres of land were granted to John Whiting, lying on the south side ol Sail i Brook and extending up the brook one mile. In 1673 a grant of one thousand acres, on the north side of Nashua River, was mad.- to the Ancient and Honor- able Artillery Company of Boston. It was hounded on tin east by the Merrimack River and on the south by the Nashua. It included that part of the present city north of the river, and was called the "Artillery Farm." From thi- circumstance the little pond, which a few years ag :upied the cen- tral part of North Common, was called Artillery Pond. After owning this tract for seventj years the company sold it to Colonel Joseph Blauchard, a man of note in the early history of Dunstable. Numerous other grants were made on both sides of tin- river until llieii aggregate was fourteen thousand acres It became desirable, therefore, to consolidate these grants into an incorporation, SO as to 3i to the inhabitants all the privileges of an organized township. Accordingly, in 1673, the proprietors of the farms already laid out, and others who were dis- posed to settle here, presented a petition n. ill.- gov- ernment of Massachusetts, of which the following is a verbatim copy : " ('.- the /foil.,,-../ (.'.il-. -n,,,.-. /',, .1.(11 !,.... i-ii. .,-, i. ith (/.. .U. s.-iii/./.-,/ ,., tin- .'.-.. .-.../ .-,.„.' ,,/ /.'.'..'. „. s.7.1. ,.,/,.> I'-, it-: ; "'I'll.- I', -tin. .11 of 11.,- Proprietor- ol th,- farms linn in. ],,,,] ,iii up. .il 11,.- Mel rim in- k I In,- 1 .ni'l pi - i, I ,,,-,, I Mill --I I,' 1 „ I," -I, ,,, 1 - , - 1 wilh th, 111 in tin- settlement of .. plantation tli.-r.- : the VII . .-opt th- pun.- i t.. make a plantation there ; ami there 1,-m: a .-..n-id. i..l.].- niiiiiI,, i ..I p- t- -n- w ho are of sober and ..i.I.-rly . oiiv.r-ation. wh, 1. stand .1. need of great ac- .■oiiiinodatioii... who at.- willing: I.. make iiiipi..\. ni.-nt ..t (he -aid \a. an I lands: And the proprietor, ot the -aid fauns ale v. illine to aid those that shall improve the -aid land- th-- t.u-m- .-f those thai are within the tract ot land before -I— ■ ribed, being about I 1,000 acresat the least — " Your Potitioni - , tl refon numbly request the favor of the Honor- able Court that 1 1. ,\ Mill - lalit tin- -aid tia, t ,,1 land t,, \ 01 II I '<-t it ioti.rs and to s.i.h a- v ill |oin w ith th.-in ill th. settlement of the lands I, ef,.re mentioned, so those who have improved their farms and thoe who i] tend to ,1,, so, ma \ he in a H,i. t,, -11 pj, ,,it tie ordinances ot In..], without which they will he mostly deprived, the farms lyino so remote from any (own-; And farther, that the Honorahle I olirt will ph-a-e -taut the like immunities to this plantation as they have formerly L'rant.-.l t, ,-tl,-i plantation- So shall your Petitioners ver engaged to praj - "1. Thomas Brattle, 14. Thomas I'd-,.,, Is, ■_-, Jonathan Tyng, 15 Thomas Wheelei 3, Joseph Wheeler, 16. l'eter HlllUleV, Parkeson, it, Joseph Parker, ;,. Robert CM.. 1- Join, Mi i-,' 6. John Turner, 19. S uel ' ombB, 7. Sampson Sheafe, 20. James Parker, Jr., 8. Samuel Scarlet, -1 John Parker, -a. Will, mi i I ... I . ..I .' ' Josiah Parker, p, v., mam Pin I,, i ■-.:■■ Nathaniel Blood, 11. .lames Knapp, -I Robert rams, 12. Robert I'm, tor. 2 >. John Jolifle, 13. Simon Willard, Jr., 26. Zachariah Long." On the 26th of October this petition was granted, and the township of Dunstable chartered. It was granted with the condition universally required, viz., that "at least twenty actual settlers shall be in the township within three years, that a meeting-house shall he built and an aide and orthodox minister shall l.e obtained." These requirements were complied with by the specified time. The township of Dunstable, thus organized, was a tract of about two hundred square miles, or one hun- dred and twenty-eight thousand acres. It had long been the favorite home of the savages, though their number, some years previous, had been greatly diminished by a raid of their hereditary enemy, the bloodthirsty Mohawks. It included the present city of Nashua, the towns of Hudson, Hollis, Dunstable and Tyngshorough. besides portions of the town- of Amherst. Milford, Merrimack, Litchfield, London- derry, Pelham, Draeut. Brookline, Groton and Pep- perell. It extended ten to twelve mile- wot ot the Merrimack, and three to live milts east of it, and its ngth, from north to south, was from twelve to fourteen miles. The present city of Nashua is very nearly the centre of the original township ot' 1 (unstable, — the name that Nashua continued t.. bi ai till within the recollection of many citizens now liv- ing. The name Dunstable issaid to have been given in compliment to Mrs. Mary, wife of Edward Tyng and i her of Jonathan Tyng, one of the grantees and one of thi most prominent of the first settlers. 145 She was a native of a town of that name in the south of England. By the granting of this charter the twenty-six pe- titioners became the owners of all the nngranted lands within the boundaries of Dunstable, which, if equally shared, would have given to each of them not less than four thousand acres. What recompense the Indians received for their lauds is not known. Some ten years alter the granting of the charter it is said that seventy dollars in silver was paid to the Wamesits, of Chelmsford, and the same sum to the sachem at Souhcgan, for their claims ; but there is no evidence that the Nashaways received any considera- tion. As the most of the tribe and the chief sachem lived at Lancaster, Mass., it is probable the few families remaining here went northward with the majority of their tribe, and received little or no recompense. The little Indian settlement at the mouths of Nashua River and Salmon Brook, when visited by Captain Simon Willard in 1652, bail only forty war- riors. It is known that, in 1669, they joined the Penacooks in an expedition against the Mohawks, in which the most of them perished. The remnant, dispirited and powerless, are said to have united with the Wamesits, and soon after migrated with them northward. Afterwards nothing was distinctively known of them. The twenty-six grantees, and the settlers uniting with them, before taking possession of their ample domain, made a compact for the equitable division and disposal of their lands, h was evident that, for their mutual protection, the occupied lands must he contiguous. The most desirable locality for safety, convenience ami favorable soil appeared to be the land bordering on the Merrimack River, below Salmon Brook. It was agreed that each actual settler, as a personal right, should have a "house-lott" of eligible land, not to exceed thirty acres. Jonathan Danforth, an experienced surveyor, was employed to establish boundaries. These house-lots were laid out with a base on the Merrimack River, and reaching, side by side, southward as tar as the present State line. These lots, having a narrow base, extended westward toward Salmon Brook. It is evident that settlements had been commenced on some of these lots several years before 1673, as we find on the town records that at a meeting of the proprietors and the settlers in the fall of that year it was voted that "the first meeting-bouse should be built between Salmon Brook and the house "1 Lieut. Wheeler, as convenient as may lie. for the accom- modation of the settlers." In 1675 orchards are in- cidentally spoken of as already having some growth. Therefore, while the exact date of the first settlement within the present limits of Nashua cannot be defi- nitely established, it is certain that the fust pioneers built their cabins neat Salmon I'.vook between 1665 and 1670. It was. in truth, a frontier hamlet, having no white settlement on the north nearer than t'anada, on the east nearer than Exeter, on tin' west nearer than Albany. Two j ears later, in the summer of 1675, the bloodj war begun by the crafty and cruel King Philip, chief oi the Wampanoags, hurst upon the New Eng- land colonies. It meant the extermination of the wdiites. The nvw towns of Lancaster and Groton were burned, the inhabitants killed, carried away captives or driven from their homes. Chelmsford was at- tacked, and but for the intervention of Wanolancet, chief of the Penacooks, Dunstable would have been overwhelmed. So alarming was their situation that, at the approach of winter, the settlers of Dunstable, with theexi eption of Jonathan Tyng, lied to the older settlements. Tyng bad a strongly fortified house, two miles below the present State line, in what is now Tyngsborough, Mass., and he resolved to defend it to the last. A. small guard was sent to him from Boston, and with this little hand he held the fort till the end of the war. Peace eame again in the spring of 1678. Tin- fugitive settlers at Salmon Brook returned, and it is said that the first meeting-house was built during the same year. It was made of logs, with rude ap- pointments, but well represented the ability of the congregation. The ensuing year, 1117V, the planta- tion, as it was called, secured and settled Rev. Thomas Weld, as the first " learned and orthodox minister," among them. He settled in the south part of the town, on html now included in the " Highland Farm," and then known as the " ministerial lot." < )ther events worthy of note occurred the same year. Among them was the building of the first saw-mill in Southern New Hampshire, located on Salmon Brook, at A lid's bridge, southeast of the Harbor. There was an old beaver- dam at that place, and it required little labor to pre- pare the site for the mill. The first bridge over Salmon Brook was built this year by John Sollendine, a carpenter, whose marriage, the next year ( L680), was the first which took place in the town. In 1679, by the royal decrei of Charles II., the "merry monarch" of England, New Hampshire was erected into a "royal province," independent of Mas- sachusetts, of which she bad been an appendage since 1641. Dunstable, however, still remained under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and continued to be governed by Massachusetts laws till the settlement of the boundary line, sixty-two years later, in 1741. It \\:is better for the early settlers of Dunstable that the authority of the Massachusetts colony should con- tinue i" exist. All of them bad been re that colony. All of their business interests and social relations were centred there. An untraversed forest > know, mil." w.-re nut .In wli.-ii writing in." Feeble and suffering had been the condition of the settlers of Dunstable from its earliest years. Fearand desolation reigned everywhere. Compelled to dwell in garrisons, to labor at the constant peril of life, how could the settlers thrive'.' Dunstahle was scarcely more advanced in 1714 than in KiNO. so disastrous had been the effect of the long and bloody wars. Many of the most useful inhabitants had been slain or taken captive, especially heads of families. Some had re- moved to places mon secure from Indian depredation. Yerv t'vw would einigrateto what might he well termed "the dark and bloody ground." It was no time for marriage feasts when the bridal procession might at even step I. cioinc a funeral one, and the merry laugh be dr.. wiicd by the crack of the rifle and the savage war-vv hoop. The historian Bancroft says: 'The war on the part of the Indians was one of ambushes and surprises." They were secret as beasts of prey, skillful marksmen, swift i.l I....I. patient of fatigue, familiar with every path and nook of the forest, and frantic with the pas- sion tor vengeance and destruction. The laborer in the Held and the woodman felling trees were shot down by skulking foes who were invisible. The mother left alone in the house was in constant fear of the tomahawk for herself and her children. Tin-re was no hour of freedom from peril. The dusky red men hung upon the >Lirts of the colonial villages " like the lightning on the edge of the cloud." In 171:; the " peace of Utrecht " closed the war be- tween England and France. The Indians, getting no supplies from their Canadian allies, were quiet. There was an increase of emigration from England, and permanent homes now for the first time began io extend be) I the long-exposed frontier settle- ment below the junction of the Nashua with the Mer- rimack River. As early as 171H settlements were made in Hudson; Londonderry was settled in 1719; Litchfield and Chester in 1720 ; Merrimack and Pel- ham in 172:1. In 1722the Maine [ndians, instigated, it was said, by the Jesuit missionary, Father Rasle, began depredations at Portsmouth, Dover and the U!» farming settlements in the vicinity, the Pequawkets, under the lead of Paugus, joining them in plundering corn-fields and destroying tattle. Early in thespring of 1724, Lieutenant Jabez Fair- banks, ofGroton, took i imand of a scouting-partj organized to protect the frontier settlers. Sixofthe scouts — Joseph Blanchard, Thomas Lund, Isaac Far- well, Ebenezer Cumniiiigs, John Usher and Jonathan Combs— belonged to Dunstable. They reported that no trace of a lurking foe could be discovered in the forests north and west of Dunstable. This aews was encouraging, and several men at the Harbor went to work during the ! Il.lIISlable, slleWeth •' That your petitioners, with near forty ur fifty others, are inclinable to range and to keep out in the woods for several months together, in order to kill and destroy their enemy Indians, provided thej ..... meet v ill. Incoiirae;einciit suitable. An-lv..... P. 1 .... Impl..yed and desired by many others Humbly to propose and submit to yonr Honors' ...n-ideration, that if stioh soldiers may I..- allowed five shillings per day, in ease they kill any enemy Indian, and possess 1..^ scalp, they will Im- j.l.o . Iienisclv. s in Indian hunt i ne one whole year ; and if within that tent to be allowed nothing for "JOSl M. 1' v.:\\ ... "J..N era \n Robbin8. "Dunstable, Nov., 1724." This petition was granted, with the change of the compensation to a bounty of one hundred pounds per scalp. Volunteers came forward with alacrity, the company was organized and the commission of cap- tain given to Lovewell. With this picked company Captain Lovewell started on an excursion northward to Lake Winnipesaukee. (in the loth of December, 1724, the [.arty came upon a wigwam, in which were two Indians, — a man and a boy. They killed and scalped the man and brought the boy alive to Boston, where they received the prom- ised bounty and two shillings and sixpence per day. This success was small, but it gave courage and the company grew from thirty to eighty-seven. They started the second time. .11 January 27, 1 72--. Cross- ing the Merrimack at Nashua, they followed the river route on the east side to the southeast corner of Lake Winnipesaukee, where they arrived on the 9th of February. Provisions falling short, thirty of tin-in were dismissed by lot, and returned home. The company went on to Bear Camp River, iu Tarn- worth, where, discovering Indian tracks, tiny changed their course and followed them in a southeast .In. . tion till, just before sunset on the 20th, they saw smoke, by which they judged the enemy were en- camped for the night. Keeping concealed till after midnight, they then silently advanced, and discovered ten Indians asleep round a tire by theside of a frozen pond. Lovewell now resolved to make sure work, and placing his men conveniently, ordered them to fire, five at once, as quickly after each other as pos- sible, and another part to reserve their fire. He gave the signal by tiring his own gun, which killed two of them; the men. firing as directed, killed five more on the spot; the other three, starting up from their sleep, two were shot dead on the spot by the reserve. The other, wounded, attempted to escape across the pond, was seized by a dog and held fast till they killed him. In a few minutes the whole party was killed, and a raid on some settlement pre- vented. These Indians were coming from Canada with new guns and plenty of ammunition. They had also some spare blankets, moccasins and snow- shoes lor the use ..f the prisoners they expected to take. The pond where this success was achieved is ill the town of Wakefield, and has ever since borne the name of Lovewell's Pond. The company then wi lit t.> Boston through Dover, where they displayed the scalps and guns taken from the savages. In Boston they received the bounty of one thousand pounds from the public treasury. Captain Lovewell now planned the bold design of attacking the Pequawkets in their chief village, on 151 the Saco River, in Fryeburg, Maine. This tribe was powerful and ferocious. Its chief was Paugus, a noted warrior, whose name inspired terror wherever he was known. To reach Pequawket was a task in- volving hardships and danger. There is no doubt that Captain Lovewell underestimated t lie perils of the march and the risk from ambuscades. One hun- dred and thirty miles in early spring, through a wilderness not marked by a trail, to a locality never visited by the invaders, but every rod familiar to the wily foe, were serious disadvantages. Besides this, the company at the start only consisted of forty-six men. They left Salmon Brook on the 16th of April, 172o. They had traveled but a few miles when Toby, an Indian, falling sick, was obliged to return, which he did with great reluctance. At Contoocook (now Boscawen), William Cum- mings, of Dunstable, became so disabled 1>\ a wound received from the enemy years before that the cap- tain sent him back with a kinsman to aceompanj him. They proceeded on to the west shore of < Issipee Lake, where Benjamin Kidder, of Nutfield (now Lon- donderry), falling sick, the captain halted and built a rude fort, having the lake shore to the east and Ossipee River on the north side. This was intended as a refuge in case of disaster. Here Captain Love- well left with Kidder the surgeon, a sergeanl and seven other men as a guard. lie also left a quantity of provisions to lighten tin- loads of the men. and which would be a needed supply on their return. With only thirty-four men, Captain Lovewell, not disheartened, proceeded on his march from Ossipee Lake to Pequawket village, a distance of nearly forty miles through a rough forest. None of the party were acquainted with the mute. Of the thirty-four in the company, only eight were from that portion of Dunstable now included in Nashua, The others were from neighboring towns, largely from Groton, I'.il- lerica and Woburn. Dunstable furnished the cap- tain, lieutenants and nearly all the minor officers of the expedition. The eight men from Dunstable were Captain John Lovewell, Lieutenant Josiah Farwell, Lieutenant Jonathan Robbins, Ensign John Har- wood, Sergeant Noah Johnson, Corporal Benjamin Hassell, Robert Usher and Samuel Whiting, privates. On Thursday, two days before the fight, the C - pany were apprehensive that they were discovered and watched bj th. enemy, and on Friday night the watch heard the Indians rustling in the underbrush, and alarmed the company, hut the darkness was such they made no discovery. Verj earlj in the morning of Saturday, May 8th, while they were at prayers, they heard the report of a gun. Soon after they discovered an Indian on a point running out into Saco Pond. The company decided that the purpose of the Indian was to draw them into an ambush con- cealed between himself and the soldiers. The infer- ence was a mistake, and a fatal one to a majority oi the party. Expecting an immediate attack, a con- sultation was held to determine whether it was better to venture an engagement with the enemy, or to make a speedj retreat. The men boldly answered : "We have prayed all along that we might find the foe: and we had rather trust Providence with our lives, yea. die for our country, than try to return without seeing them, and he called cowards for our con- duct." Captain Lovewell readily complied, and led them on, though not without manifesting some appre- hensions. Supposing the enemy to he in front, he ordered the men to lay down their packs, and march with the greatest cant ion. and in the utmost readiness. In this way they advanced a mile and a half, when Ensign Wyman spied an Indian approach- ing among the trees. Giving a signal, all the men concealed themselves, and as the Indian came nearer several guns woe tiled at him. lie at once fired at Captain Lovewell with heaver shot, wounding him severely, though he made little complaint, and was still able to travel. Ensign Wyman then tired and killed the Indian, and Chaplain Frye scalped him. They then returned toward their packs, which had al- ready been found and seized by the savages, who, in reality, were lurking in their rear, and who were elated by discovering from the number of the packs that their own force was more than double that of the whites. It was now ten oclock, and just before reaching the place, on a plain of scattered pines about thirty rods from the pond, the Indians rose up in front ami rear in two parties, and ran toward the whites with their guns presented. The whites instantly presented their guns, and rushed to meet them. When both parties came within twenty yards of each other they fired. The Indians suffered far the more heavily, and hastily retreated a lew rods into a low pine thicket, where it was hardly possible to see one of them. Three or four rounds followed from each side. The savages had more than twice the number of our men and greatly the advantage in their com ealed position, and their shots began to tell fear- fully. Already nine of the whites ware killed and three were fatally wounded. This was more than one- third of their number. Among the dead were Cap- tain Lovewell and Ensign Harwood, and both Lieu- tenant Farwell and Lieutenant Robbins were injured beyond recovery. Ensign Wyman ordered a retreat to the pond, and probably saved the company from entire destruction, as the pond protected their rear. The light continued obstinately till sunset, the savages howling, yelling and barking and making all sorts of hideous noises, the whites frequently shout- ing and huzzaing. Some of the Indians, holding up ropes, asked the English if they would take quarter, hut were promptly told that they would have no quarter save at the muzzles of their guns. About the middle of the aftern i (he chaplain, Jonathan Frye, of Andover, who graduated at Har- vard in 1723, and who had fought bravely, fell terri- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. My wounded. When he could fighl uo longei he prayed audibly for the preservation of the rest of the company. The tight had lasted nearly eight hours, and al intervals was furious. The reader will understand that it was very unlike a battle between two parties of civilized infantry. In fighting these savages, who concealed themselves behind trees, logs, bushes and rocks, the whites were compelled to adopt similar ladies. In such a fight, while obeying general orders, each soldier fires at the foe when he can dis- cern an exposed head or body. This Pequawkel con- test lasted from ten in the morning till night, but it was not continuous. There were intervals of nearly or quite hall' an hour, which were hardly disturbed by the crack of a single musket. But in these intervals the savages were skulking and creeping to get a near view and sure aim at some white soldier, while our men were desperately on the alert to detect their approach and slay them. Noticing a lull among the warriors, Ensign Wyman crept up behind a bush and discovered a group apparently in council, and bv a careful shut brought down their leader. it was in the latter part of the light that Paugm, the Indian chief, met his late. He was well-known by most of Lovewell's men, and several times he called aloud to John Chamberlain, a stalwart soldier from Groton, Meanwhile the guns of both these combatants became too foul for use. and both went down to the pond to clean them. Standing but a lew yards apart, with a small brook between them. both began to load together, and with mutual threats thrust powderand ball into their weapons. Chamber- lain primed his gun by striking the breach heavily on the ground. This enabled him to fire a second before his foe, whose erring aim failed to hit Cham- berlain. At twilight the savages withdrew, disheartened by the loss of their chief. From information afterwards obtained, it is believed that not more than twenty of the Indians escaped unhurt, and, thus weakened, they did not hazard a renewal of the struggle. Hut our men, not knowing their condition, expected a speedy return. About midnight, the moon having arisen, they collected together, hungry and very faint, all their food having been snatched by the Indians witli their packs. On examining the situation, they found Jacob I'anar just expiring, and Lieutenant llobbin-. and Robert Usher unable to rise; four others — viz.: Lieutenant Farwell, Five, Junes and Davis— very dangerously wounded, seven badly wounded and nine unhurt. A speedy return to the fort at Ossipee was the only course left them. Lieutenant Robbins told his com- panions to load his gun and leave it with him, saying: "As the Indians will come in the morning to scalp me. I will kill one more if 1 can." His bono' was on Long Hill, in the south part of Nashua, and he was a favorite with his comrades. One man, Soloman Keyes. of Billerica, was missing. When he had fought till he had received three wounds, and had lie, (mi, so weak that he could not stand, he crawled up to Ensign Wyman and said: " I am a dead man, but if possible 1 will get out of the way so that the Indian- .-hall not have my scalp." He then crept away to some rushes on the beach, where discovering a canoe, he rolled over into it. There was a gentle north wind, ami drifting southward three miles, he was landed on the shore nearest the fort. Gaining strength, he was able to reach the fort and join Ins comrades. Leaving the dead unburied, ami faint from hunger and fatigue, the survivors started before dawn for Ossipee. A sad prospect was before them. The Indians, knowing their destitution, were expected at every moment to fall upon them. Their homes were a hundred and thirty miles distant, ten of their num- ber had fallen and eight were groaning with the agony of terrible wounds. After walking a mile and a half, four of the wounded men — Lieutenant Fanvcll, Captain Frye and Privates Davis and Jones — were unable to go farther, and urged the Others to hasten to the tort and send a fresh re- cruit to their rescue. The party hurried on as fast as Strength would permit to the Ossipee fort. To their dismay they found it deserted. One of their number, in the first hour of the battle, terrified by the death of the commander and others, siieakingly had tied to the fort and gave the men posted there so frightful an account that they all fled hastily toward Dunstable. Fortunately, some of the coarse provi- sions were left, but not a tithe of what were needed Resting briefly, they continued their travels in de- tached parties to Dunstable, the majority reaching there on the night of the loth of May. and the others two days later. They suffered severely from want of food. From Saturday morning till Wednesday — four days — they were entirely without any kiud of food, when they caught some squirrels ami partridges, which were roasted whole and greatly improved their strength. Eleazer Davis and Josiah Jones, two of the wound- ed, w ho were left near the battle-ground, survh ed, and after great suffering reached Berwick, Me. Finding, after several days, no aid from the fort, they all went several miles together. Chaplain Five laid down and probably survived only a few hours. Lieutenant Farwell reached within a few miles of the fort, and was not heard of afterwards. He was deservedly lamented as a man in whom was combined unusual bravery with timeh discretion. There is little doubt but he and several others of the wounded would have. recovered if they could have had food and medical care. Their sufferings must have been terrible. The news of this disaster caused deep grief and consternation at Dunstable. A company, under Colonel Tyng, went to the place of action and buried the bodies of Captain Lovewell and ten of his men at the foot of a tall pine-tree. A monument now marks the spot. The General Court of Massachusetts gave fifteen hundred pounds to the widows and orphans and a handsome bounty of lands to the survivors. lit' the men from Dunstable who participated in ; ; . <-i-.it Fight," all were killed or wounded. Only one, Noah Johnson, survived and returned home. His farm was on the south side of the Nashua River, at its mouth, ami extended southward a little beyond the present road leading over the iron bridge to Hudson. He received a pen-ion and a grant of laud in Pembroke, to which he removed and passed his later years. He was the last survivor of the Pequaw- ket fight, and died at Pembroke in 1798, in his one hundredth year. Quite a number of his descendants reside in this part of the State. In the fight which resulted so fatally to Captain Lovewell and a majority of his command the numbers engaged were inconsiderable. But while temporarily disastrous, the results proved of incalculable advan- tage ti) the border settlements. From that day the courage and the power of the red men were destroyed. They soon withdrew from their ancient haunt- and hunting-grounds in New Hampshire to the French settlements iu Canada. No subsequent attacks by an organized force of Indians were made upon Dunstable, and their raids made subsequently at Concord, Hills- borough and Charlestown were merely spasmodic etl'orts instigated, and in -one- instances led, by French officers. Yet such had been the experience of tin past that for years the pioneer settlers listened in the still watches of the uighl for the loot-tall of the stealthy savage, the musket was the companion of his pillow and in his sleep he dreamed of the bene yells of the merciless foe. 'fin- expedition of Captain Lovewell was no doubt hazardous in view of the difficulties of the march and the small number of his men. One-fifth of Ins force beside the surgeon, was left at the fort at Ossipee. Captain Lovewell intended to surprise Paugus \>\ attacking him in his camp. Unfortunately, the reverse happened. Paugus ami his eighty warriors were re- turning from a journey down the Saeo, when they discovered the track of the invaders. For forty hours they stealthily followed and saw the soldiers dispose of their packs, so that all the provisions and blankets fell into their own hands, with the knowledge of their small force. Thus prepared, they expected from their chosen ambush to annihilate or to capture the entire party. Thus ended the memorable campaign against the Pcuuawkets. Deep and universal was the gratitude of the people of Dunstable at the prospect of peace. For fifty years bad the war been raging with little cessation and with a series of surprises, devastations and massacres that seemed to threaten annihilation. The scene of this desperate ami bloody action at Frye- burg is often visited, ami in song and eulogj are commemorated the heroes of Lovewell's fight. (II A PTEE V I. I'KOXTIKi; llAUOSIl ll's ANli 'TI: Is Dunstable in 1730 Poverty ol the Settlere Beare I Raccoons — New Towne Organized — Settlement of Boundary Lim — Dunstable under Sew Hannshii..- [...us- l,-, 1i--i,,m„ ln-Mii-iniis -A Tramp through ih- v. ildemess— Lost in the \\ Is- Night on Lovewell's Mountain— THE close Of. the Indian war ill 1725 found the people id' Dunstable lew iu number and extremely poor. War taxes were heavy, rans s had been paid for captive relations from dire necessity ; the de- struction of houses, catth and crops, and the destruc- tion of all regular employment had been ruinous. rhegeneral poverty bad been such that from 1693 to 1733 the voters declined to send a representative to the Massachusetts Assembly. When necessity re- quired, a special messenger was employed. Money was so scarce that the Assembly issued lulls of credit to the amount of fifty thousand pounds, to be di-tributed among the several towns. Lieutenant Henry Farwell and Joseph Blanchard wen- trustees to distribute among the residents of I Hinstable, in such sums that " no man should have more than live or less than three pounds, paying live percent, yearly lor interest." Dad the issue been limited to this amount, it might have been of service; but larger issues followed, with subsequent depreciation and much loss and distress. Voting by ballot became an established rule iu all important matters, and in 1723 jurymen were fust chosen in this manner. Bridges began to be built, roads extended and better houses built. It was a favorable event that a saw-mill was built soon after the fust settlement on Salmon Brook, at the little bridgeon the road running east from the Harbor, and which lor many years was owned by John Lovewell, the father of the her., of Pequawket. The first cabins had the ground lor a floor and logs chinked with clay for walls. Flank and boards now came inf.. use. and framed houses began to be built by the older set- tlers. The select men were allowed live shillings per day for .services. There were no lawyers, and the eases of litigation that occurred were settled by a justice, who was not governed by rule or precedents, but by a common-sense view of what was right. If important, an appeal could be made to the General Assembly. I'le amount of taxes from 17lV. to 1733 varied from two hundred and fifty dollars to four hundred dollars, including the support ofthe minister. In March, 1727, tie- town raised twenty dollars to build a ferry-boat to cross the Merrimack at Blanchard's farm (uear the old Little stand), as Hudson was then included in 1 (unstable, and settlers W ere locating on that side of the river. In the fall of that year Joseph Blanchard, Sr., the only and earliest inn-keeper in the town, died, and Henry Farwell, Jr., petitioned for and ob- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMl'SHIRE. taineda lic.ii-c for the same business. During Octo- ber, 1727, several severe shocks of an earthquake occurred, overturning chimneys and attended b\ unusual noise-. At tins time corn was the most im- portant field product of the fanner. It was the staple article foi I I for man, it' not tor beast. In early autumn it was exposed to depredations from rac ns and bears. The farmers, aided by their dogs, were aide at night to follow the coon-, many of whom were " treed " and killed, adding largely to the contents of the family larder. The hears were more wary, and sometimes were destructive. It is said that a settler by the name of Whiting, who lived at the base of LongHill, began to find his sheep an unprofitable investment, for the reason that so many of them wen' killed by some black-coated visitor. They had to be yarded every night, and were not entirely sate during the daj . < hie afternoon he found a half-eaten sheep on the hill- side, and, determined on revenge, he placed the re- mains at the end of a hollow pine log near by. In- side the log he placed his gun in such a position that when the bear should disturb the mutton he would discharge the gun and receive the contents in his own head. He heard the report of his old Queen's arm in the night, ami rising early the next morning, went to learn the result. He found a verj large bear lying dead a short distance from a heap of half-roasted mutton, while the log was a heap of burning coals. Among these was the gun, minus the entire wooden fixtures, with the barrel, lock and ramrod essentially ruined. Tins was a great loss to him, but he was often wont to relate with glee the way in which he swapped his gnu lor a bear. According to tradition, which may not very safely be relied on in matters of importance, though it may assist in delineating the usages of daily life, it was about 172ii that potatoes were first introduced into I 'unstable. A Mr. (/uinmiugs obtained two or three, which he planted. When he dug the crop, some of them were roasted and eaten merely from curiosity, and the rest were put into a gourd-shell and hung up in the cellar. The next year he planted all the seed, and had enough to till a two-bushel basket. Think- ing he had no use for so many, be gave some of them to his neighbors. Soon after, one of them said to him, "1 have found that potatoes are good for something. 1 have boiled some of them, and eat them with meat, and they relished well." It was some veal- later, however, before potatoes came into general use. At this time tea was rarely used, and tea-k. unknown. The water was boiled in a skillet. When n went to an afternoon visiting [party each one carried her tea-cup, saucer and spoon, flic tea- cups were of the best china and very small, containing about as much as a common wine-glass. Coffee was unknown till more than half a century later. Under the colonial laws of Massachusetts the public- school system was first established with the provision that "every child should be taught to read and write." Every town having fifty householders was to employ a teacher for twenty weeks of the year. But deeply as the | pie of Dunstable felt the importance of education, it was not safe nor practicable in a frontier town where a fierce Indian war was raging, when tie- inhabitants dwelt in garrisons, and were every day liable to an attack, to establish a common school. The dense adjacent forest, from whence the quiel of the school-room might be broken at any hour by the yell of the savage, was no fitting [dace for children. Still, home education was not neglected, as the ancient records of the town clearly show. There was no school in the town till 1730. That year, by reckoning in the settler- within the present limits of Hudson, Hollis and Tyngsborough, the required "fifty householders" were obtained, and tin pounds were granted for the support of a teacher. Hut the school was not successful, and after a brief existence was neglected for some years. There is no data for ascertaining the number of in- habitants in "Old Dunstable," or in that part now included in Nashua, in 1730. In the latter territory there may have been forty families and two hundred persons. They were scattered over a wide area, ami the new-comers were largel) settling in Hollis, Hud- son and other outlying localities. Already they were demanding that, for schools, tor convenience to public worship and local improvements, they should be set apart from Dunstable, and erected into separate town- ships. The General Court of Massachusetts was dis- posed to grant their petitions. Accordingly, in L732, the inhabitant- on the east side of the Merrimack River were authorized to es- tablish a new tow nship, with the name of Nottingham. When the settlement of the border-line brought it within New Hampshire, the name was changed to Nottingham West, as there was already a Notting- ham in the eastern part of the State. In 1830, the town assumed the more appropriate name of Hudson. In 1733 the inhabitants on the north side of the Nashua liner and west of Merrimack River peti- tioned tor an act of incorporation ; but as nearly all the petitioners lived on the Souhegan and the inter- vale at its mouth, the ( leneral < lourt made the Penni- chuck Brook the southern boundary to the new town- ship, with the name of Rumford. It was called Rumford only a short time, lor the settlers, annoyed i>> the insinuation that the first syllable of the name indicated the favorite beverage of the inhabitants, hastened to change it to the name of the beautiful river that flows along it- eastern bonier— .1/ In 17:14 the settlement across the river from Merri- mack, then known as "Brenton's Farm." was incor- porated, because, a.- the petitioners claimed, they "had supported a minister for some time." It was called Lilr.'ifi- Id. In 1736 the fertile lands in the west part of Dun- stable were being rapidly occupied by an enterprising people, and were incorporated under the name of West Dunstable. The Indian name .was Nissitissit. After the establishment of the boundary line the Legislature, by request, gave to the town the name of Holies. For fifty years the name of the town was spelled Holies; but after the colonies became the Amer- ican Eepublic the orthography was changed to Hollis. In the mean time settlements were extending tap- idly all around, and the forest was bowing before the onward march of civilization. Township after town- ship was parceled out from the original body of "Old Dunstable," until, in 1T40, the broad and goodly plantation was reduced to that portion which is now embraced within the limits of Nashua, Tyngs- borough and Dunstable. Settlement of Boundary Line.— For many years prior to 1740 the boundary line between the provinces of New Hampshire and Massachusetts had been a subject of hitter controversy. More than years ago Governor Endicott, of Massachusetts, said he had caused a monument to he fixed three miles northward of the junction of the two rivers forming the Merrimack, in the town of Sanbornton, ami Massachusetts claimed all the territory in the present State of New Hampshire south of an east and west line passing through that point, and lying west of the Merrimack River. On the other hand. New Hampshire claimed all the territory lying north of a line running due east and west through a point three miles north of the Merrimack River, measured from the north hank of that river just above its mouth. At length a royal commission was appointed to settle the controversy. It met at Hampton Falls, in this State, in 1737, the General Court of each province attending the sittings of the commission. The commission at Hampton Falls did not agree, and the question was reserved tor the King in Coun- cil. The decision was finally made in 1740, living the province line where the State line HOW is. This decision took from Massachusetts her claim, and gave to New Hampshire not only all that New Hampshire claimed, but also a tract of territory south » > t" that in controversy, fourteen miles in width and extending from the Merrimack to the Connecticut River, to which New Hampshire had made no pretensions. It included all that part of " Old Dunstable " north of the present State line. This new line, which proved to be the permanent boundary between the two States, was run in 1741, leaving in Massachusetts that part id' the old town- ship now in Tyngsborough ami in Dunstable, in that State, and adding to New Hampshire the present territory of Nashua, Hudson, Hollis and all the other portions of "Old Dunstable" north of the designated line. The name Dunstable, however, was still re- tained by the territory which now constitutes the city of Nashua till the New Hampshire Legislature of 1836 changed the name to Nashua. 11 This decision came upon the settlers in Dunstable north of the new line with mingled surprise and con- sternation. Dunstable was eminently anil wholh a .Massachusetts settlement. The settlers were nearly all In mi the neighboring towns in that province, with whose people tiny were connected in sympathy, in business and by the tics of marriage and blood. Their tofl n and parish charters and the titles to their lands and improvements were all Massachusetts' grants, and their civil and ecclesiastical organizations were under Massachusetts' laws. This decision oi the King in Council left them wholly out of the juris- diction in that province, and in legal effect made all their charters, the titles to their lands and improve- ments, and all statute laws regulating their civil and church polity wholly void. The decision of the King was final, and there was no appeal. Though dis- appointed, embarrassed and indignant, there was no alternative but submission. Hitherto the history of Nashua has been associated with that of the extended territory of "Old Dun- stable," an appendage of Massachusetts. Henceforth it is to be a distinct, independent town in New Hampshire, comprised within the same limits as the Nashua of to-day. Dunstable under New Hampshire Laws.— For- tunately for the people of Dunstable, the colonial government of New Hampshire was not in condition to extend its authority immediately, and the I •un- stable people remained substantially under the Massachusetts charter till April, 1746, when the town was incorporated by the General Court of New Hampshire. In the mean time a compromise was made with the adverse claimants of their lands and improvements, and their titles to their possessions being secured, they gradually became reconciled to their new political status. In 174G the main road through Dunstable was greatly improved. From the surveyor's record there would seem to have been only a few houses on the road at that time. The following are all that are mentioned: < 'aptain Joseph French's house was eight rods north of the State line; Colonel Joseph lilanch- ard's house, three hundred rods north of the State line and twenty-nine rods south of Cummings' Brook; Cyrus Baldwin's, near Colonel Blanchard's; John Searles' house, sixty-six rods north of Cummings' Brook; Henry Adams', eighty rods north of Searles' house (the old ditch which led to the fort was ninety rods north of Adams' house); Thomas Harwood's house was ninety rods north of the old ditch; no other house mentioned between Harwood's and Nashua River excepting Jonathan Lovewell's, which was two hundred and eighty-three rods south of the river, oi a1 the Harbor, south of Salmon Brook. Per- haps the above schedule included only the larger land-holders and tax-payers. At this time there were neither scho.il> nor 3chool- houses in town. On September 2!t, 174b, it was voted 156 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. that "Jonathan Lovewell be desired to hire a school- master until next March for this town, upon the rust and charge of the town." Two dwelling-houses, one in the northern undone in the southern part of the town, were designated in whirl] the school should be kept,' if they could be obtained. Only one teacher was employed, and he was to keep school half of the time at each place. The number of inhabitants was probably about three hundred. During this year (1746) the Indians from Canada came in small parties to the new settlements in the western and northern parts of Hillsborough County. Their defenseless eondition compelled the few families in Peterborough, Lyndeborough, Hillsborough and New Boston to retire to the older towns, chiefly to Northern Massachusetts. In their haste ih.\ buried their cooking utensils and fanning tools, taking their cattle and lighter g Is with them. The only persons taken from Dunstable were Jonathan Farwell and a Mr. Taylor, who were taken by surprise while hunt- ing. They were taken to Canada, sold to the French and remained in captivity three years, but finally succeeded in obtaining a release and returned to their friends. Many of the descendants of Mr. Farwell, under several surnames, reside in this vicinity. For fifty years the meeting-house of Dunstable had been located near the State line. But in Dunstable reconstructed it was desirable that the house for wor- ship should be centrally located. There w as a divided opinion as to the new site and a worse dissension as to the minister. Rev.Samuel Bird, who was installed August 31, 1747, was an Arminian, and accused of being a follower of Whitefield. His friends, at tie- head of whom was .Jonathan Lovewell, stood by him and built a meeting-house, in the autumn of that year, on a spot of rising ground about six rods west of the main road, or just south of the old cemetery, opposite the residence of .1. L. II. Marshall. It was about twenty-eight feet by forty, had a small gallery and, like most church edifices of the time, was divided into the "men's side" and the "women's side." Mean- while Colonel Joseph Blanchard, the leader of the opposing faction, continued to hold services in the old house, near the Tyngsborough line. Twenty-two years had now [passed since the loss by Dunstable of some of her prominent citizens in Love- well's fight, at Fn cburg, Me. Since then the popula- tion had doubled and a new generation were coming into active service. Among the leading familieswere the Lovewells, Blanchards, Farwells, Cummingses, Frenches and Lunds. The number of young persons between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five hail largely increased, and the young men, after the gath- ering of the fall crops, made frequent explorations and hunting-trips. These excursions were still haz- ardous, for the unbroken forests on the west and north were occasional I \ traversed by savages, usually in small parties of from six to eight, who were stimulated by the rewards paid in Canada by the French govern- ment for the delivery of prisoners. Usually their ob- jective point was to surprise and make prisoners of the solitary fur-hunters who, late in autumn, found it profitable to set traps for the beaver, mink, musk-rat and otter, to lie found on the banks of the Souhegan, Piscataquog, Contoocook or in the more northern waters of the lakes in Grafton and Belknap Counties. An illustration of the habits and daring enterprise of the young men of that time will lie seen in the fol- lowing sketch of A Tramp through the Wilderness.— In the fall of 1747 two explorers from Dunstable, Nehemiah Lovewell and John Gilson, started from the present site of Nashua for the purpose of examining the slope of the Merrimack Valley and of crossing the height of hind to Number Four (now Oharlestown), which was then known as the most northern settlement in the Connecticut Valley. Knowing the difficulties in traversing hills and valleys covered with underbrush and rough with fallen timber and huge bowlders, they carried as light an outfit as possible, — a musket and camp-blanket each, with live days' provisions. Fol- lowing the Souhegan through Milford to Wilton, they then turned northward, and, crossing the height of land in the Hunts of the present town of Stoddard, had. on the aftern i of the third day, their first view of the broad valley westward, with a dim outline of the mountains beyond. I he weather was clear and plea-ant. the journey laborious, but invigorating. On their fourth afternoon they reached and camped for the night on the banks of the Connecticut, some ten miles below Charlestown. At i l of the next day they wire welcomed at the rude fort, which had already won renown by the heroic valor of its little garrison. At this time the fort was commanded by Captain l'hincas Stevens, a man of great energy and bravery. Lovewell and Gilson were the first visitors from the valley of the Merrimack, and their arrival was a novelty. That night — as in later years they used to relate — they sat up till midnight, listening to a recital of the fierce struggles which the inmates of this rude fortress, far up in the woods, had encoun- tered within the previous eight months. Tarrying several days at the fort, during which the weather continued clear and mild, the two explorers were ready to return homeward. In a direct line Dunstable was about ninety miles distant. With the needed supply of salt pork and corn bread, Lovewell and Gilson left Number Four at sunrise on the loth of November. The fallen leaves were crisp with frost as they entered the deep maple forests which skirt the hills lying east of the Connecticut intervales. The days being short, it was necessary to lose no time be- tween sunrise and sunset. The air was cool and stimulated them to vigorously hurry forward. Coming to a clear spring soon alter midday, Gilson struck a tire, and resting for half an hour, they sat down to a marvelously good feast of boiled stilt pork and brown bread. One who has never eaten a dinner under like L57 conditions can have no idea of its keen relish and appreciation. It was now evident that a change of the weather was at hand. The air was growing colder and the sky was overcast with a thick haze. In returning.it had been their purpose to cross the water-shed between the two valleys at a more northern point, so as to reach the Merrimack near the month of the Piseata- quog. Their course was to be only a few degrees south of east. Before night the sleet began to fall, which was soon changed to a cold, cheerless rain. Darkness came on early, and the two men hurried to secure the best shelter possible. With an axe this might have been made comfortable; at least fuel could have been procured for a comfortable fire. As it was, no retreat could be found from the chilling rain, which now be- gan to fall in torrents. It was with difficulty that a smouldering tire, more prolific of smoke than heat, Could be kindled. India-rubber blankets, such as now keep the scout and the sentry dry in the fiercest storm, would have been a rich luxury to these solitary pioneers. The owls, attracted by the dim light, perched themselves overhead ami hooted incessantly. I;, •lore midnight the fire was extinguished, ami the two men could only keep from a thorough drenching by sitting upright with their backs against a large tree, and with their half-saturated blankets drawn closely around them. Daylight brought no relief, as the rain and cold rather increased, and the sleet and ice began to en- crust the ground. After ineffectual attempts to build a tire they ate a cold lunch of bread. A dark mist succeeded the heavy rain ami continued through the day. Both felt uncertain of the direction they were traveling, and every hour tin- uncertainty became more perplexing. All day long they hurried forward through the dripping underbrush, which was wetting fchem to the skin. Night again set in, ami although the rain and wind hail somewhat abated, still it was impossible to build ami keep a fire sufficient to dry their clothing, which was now saturated with water. The third morning came witli a dense fog still shrouding the hillsides and settling into the valley. .Stiff with the effects of cold and fatigue, Lovewell and his com]. anion felt that with their scanty supply of 1 1. now mainly salt pork, they dared not await a change of weather. Yet there was a vague feeling that their journeying might be worse than useless. Deciding on what they believed a course due east, they again hurried forward over a broken region, — an alternation of sharp hills, ledges, low valleys and sometimes swamps, — until a little past midday, when, descending a hill, they came upon the very brook where they had camped forty hours before! One fact was now established,— they had been traversing in a cirele. Thinking it useless to go further till the sun and sky should appear, they set to work to build a fire sufficient to dry their clothing and to cook their raw- pork. By dark they had thrown up a light frame-work. and by a diligent use of their knives had procured a covering of birch bark. Piling the huge broken limbs in front, they lay down and fell asleep. Scouts in the olden time were proverbial for awakening on the slightest provocation. Lovewell was aroused by what bethought the rustling of a bear. Reaching for his gun, he saw the outline of an animal climbing an oak just across the brook. The first shot was followed by a tumble from the tree. It proved a veritable raccoon, which, fattened on beech-nuts, was " as heavy as a small sheep." The fourth morning was not unlike that of the day previous. The fog was still dense, but it soon became evident that the storm was past and that the sun would soon disperse the mists. Dressing the raccoon whose meat was security against famine, they anx- iously watched the clearing up of the atmosphere. Suddenly the mists dissolved and the sunlight touched the tops of the trees. The pioneers hastened up a Ion- slope eastward, and toward noon gained the crest of a high ridge. The sky was now clear, and, climbing to the top of a tree, Gilson announced that he could see, some miles to the east, a high and naked summit which must mark the height of land they were so anxiously seeking. With this solution of their difficulties came the sense ol hunger. Notwithstanding the hardships of the three past days they had eaten sparingly. The remnant of their bread had been accidently lost the day previous, but this was far more than compensated by the rich, tender meat of the raccoon. Luckily, a supply of fat spruce knots was near at hand, (rilson set himself to the work of furnishing fuel and water, while Lovewell attended to tin- culinary duties. The utensils of the modern hunter— frying-]. an, coffee- pot, plate, spoon and fork — were wanting. The only implement in their outfit which could be of use was the jack-knife. The meat was cut into pieces two- thirds of an inch thick, and half the size of one's hand. Cutting several sticks, two feet long, and sharpening them at each end, a piece of the salt pork and then a piece of the coon's meat were thrust upon the stick alternately in successive layers, so that in roasting, the fat of the latter, as it dropped down. bastedand furnished an excellent gravy to the for- mer. One end of each stick was thrust into the ground so as to lean over the glowing coals. With occasional turning, the dinner was in half an hour ready to be served. Seating themselves on the bowlder by the side of which they had built the fire, they fell to with sharp appetites. Hardy was a feast i e heartily enjoyed. Night on Lovewell's Mountain.— It was past middaj when the dinner was finished. Walking with renewed strength, they reached the base of the moun- tain. The ground was wet and slippery and the climbing at times difficult, but while the sun was yet an hour above the horizon the two men .merged from the low thicket which lies above the heavy HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. growth, and stood upon the bald summit. Like all New Hampshire peaks whose altitude approaches three I housand feet, I he crest of the mountain was of solid granite. The air had now grown quiet, and the clear sunlight illuminated the landscape. The two explorers had never looked upon so wide and magnifi- cent a panorama. Westward was the far-distant out- line of a range now known as the Green Mountains. To the northwest were the bald crests of Ascutney and Cardigan. On (lie north, Kearsarge was seen struggling to raise its head above the shoulders of an intervening range, and through the frosty atmosphere were revealed the sharp, snow-white peaks of I'ran- conia. Eastward, the highlands of Chester and Nott- ingham bounded the vision, while nearer by reposed in quiet beauty the Uncanoonucks, at that time a well- known landmark to every explorer. Warned by the frosty atmosphere, they hastened down to a dense spruce growth on the northeast side of the mountain, and built their camp for the night. For some cause, perhaps because it was a sheltered nook, the tenants of the forest gathered around. The a i os e si emed alive with the squirrel, rabbit and part- ridge. But the hunters were weary, and as their sacks were still laden with coon's meat, these new visitors were left unharmed. The curiosity with which these wild tenants of the mountain lingered around led the two men to believe that they had never before ap- proached a camp-tire or seen a human form. .lust before daybreak Lovewell awoke, and, telling his companion to prepare for breakfast, returned to the summit of the mountain. It was important to reach the Merrimack by the nearest route, and he could better judge by reviewing the landscape at early dawn. In after-years he was wont to say that the stars never seemed so near as when he had gained the summit. The loneliness of the hour suggi Sted to him what was probably the truth, that he and bis companion were the first white men who had set foot on this mountain peak. It is situated in the eastern part of the present town of Washington, and its sym- metrical, cone-like form is familiar to the eye of many a resident of this city. With the exception of Monadnock and Kearsarge. it is the highest summit in Southern New Hampshire, and to-day it bears the well-known name of Lovewell's Mountain. Before Lovewell left the summit the adjacent W Hands became visible, and, looking eastward down into the valley, he saw, only a few miles away, a smoke curling up from the depths of the forest. It revealed the proximit) either of a party of savages or a stray hunter. Returning to cam]., breakfast was taken hurriedly, and, descending into the valley, they proceeded with the utmost caution. Reaching the vicinity of the smoke, they heard voices and soon after the rustling of footsteps. Both dropped upon the ground, ami fortunately were screened by a thick underbrush. .V party of six Indians passed within a hundred yards. They were armed, and evidently on their way to the Connecticut Valley. As soon as they were beyond bearing the two men proceeded cau- tiously to the spot where tin- savages passed the night. They had breakfasted on parched acorns and the meat of some small animal, probably the rabbit. Congratulating themselves on their lucky escape from a winter's captivity in Canada, Lovewell and his companion continued their route over the rolling lands now comprised in the towns of Hillsborough, I leering. Weare and Goffstown to the Merrimack. From thence they readily reached their home in Dunstable. It may be well to add that Lovewell was a son of the famous Captain John Lovewell, whose history we have narrated in the preceding chapter. ill A PTEB VII. NASHUA— ( Continued). COLONIAL HOMES AND HABITS. Earliest Si hoolfl in Dunstable — New Meeting-HouBe — Horseba I, Riding — 1 >eej, SlinWS alhl Sllu\V-Sll "i 'S— LullgV \ i I y— l.Jl.st FlVII' I I [nil Hi War, 17-~'5— Paper Curn'ii.'.v — EtVerts of Kinu-lM inking— Era i.f lVace and Prosperity— Improved Dwellings— Bannocks and Bi Il:ii.l l.uUir— I'Mnlin- ^treiiiiis — Koa.ts ami I'.ri.l-eK — On.wtLi uf Farms iv nt r.,.,,1,-, New-pap, 'is an,] I.iimh ,, . In 1700, the middle of the eighteenth century, the English colonies of North America, unknown to themselves, were preparing to enter upon a careei of political, intellectual and social development of which the indications were not as yet apparent. The two hist, .ric events, the discover) of the western conti- nent and the invention of movable types, which Mr. Carlyle said would reconstruct human society, had for two and a half centuries been quietly doing their work, but had not yet acquired the momentum of later years. The colonies were still few in numbers, feeble in resources and mere appendages of the mother-country. Instead of the fifty-live millions of to-day, the colonial population at that time was one million eight hundred thousand. Printing had achieved much, for almost every man and woman could read the printed page, but there Were few pages to be lead. Dunstable, where, in ourtime, more than two thou- sand daih newspapers are every day circulated, had at that time only a weekly circulation of three news- paper-. But colonial thought was always in advance of the printed page. In the fall of 1 74'J the town voted to begin the coming year with a school for eight months ; one teacher only was to be employed, and the school was to be kept in different parts of (he town alternately. The only studies taught were the three " lis" and spelling. There was very little classifica- tion. Almost all the instruction was given to each scholar individually. No arithmetic was used, but the master wrote all the '' sums " on the slate. The reading-books were the Psalms and the New Testa- NASHUA. mint, and nil Saturday morning the Westminster Catechism. No spelling-1 k was used except the reading-books. The slates were rough, and when wanting, as they sometimes wen-, birch bark was used as a substitute. The remoteness of a part of the scholars occasioned irregularity of attendance. With no aids, not even a map or black-board, the improve- ment was slow and unsatisfactory. Schools existed, however, till the beginning of the French War, in 1755, when they were discontinued till 1761. The strife between the old and new schools of reli- gious thinkers still continued. Rev. Samuel Bird continue. 1 to oppose the doctrine of " foreordination" ami the harsh declarations of the Westminster Cate- chism. Having a call from Connecticut, he left in 1751 ; but the dissensions in the church continued. li i- creditable to the town that at that early period there were those anions its citizens who boldly avowed their disbelief of the absurdities of a traditional creed. Subsequently milder counsels prevailed, and the bel- ligerents agreed to disagree. The Bird meeting- house was taken down and its materials made into a dwelling-house, long known as the "Bowers place," at the Harbor. On December 21, 1753, the town voted to build a new meeting-house "at the crotch of the roads, as near a- can lie with convenience to the house of Jonathan Lovewell." -Mr. LovewelPs house Still exists, and is now the resilience of Mrs. Alfred Godfrey, two miles south of the city hall. The meeting-house was built on the little triangular "green" which is nearly in front of Mrs. Godfrey's house. It was an improvement upon the previous struc- tures, having square pews, a spacious sounding-board, scats for deacons and tythingmen, two painted doors in front, with a suitable number of horse blocks at convenient distances for the accommodation of those women and children of the congregation who rode to meeting upon a side-saddle or a pillion. This meet- ing-house had a long occupation, not having been abandoned till 1812. Several of the older citizens of Nashua remember to have attended services within its walls. for a century after the first settlement of 1 (unstable no carriages were used, and journeys were per- formed on horseback. The only wheeled vehicles used were the cumbersome lumber-wagon and the two-wheeled cart. The good man and his wile were accustomed to ride to church on the same horse, she sitting on a pillion behind him. and not unfrequently carrying a child in her arms, while another and older child was mounted on the pommel of the saddle lie- fore him. No person thought of buying or exchang- ing a horse without ascertaining whether the animal would "carry double," as some otherwise valuable horses were in the habit of elevating their heels when "doubly loaded." Iu winter, when the snow was deep, a pairoloxen were attached to a sled, and the whole family rode to meeting on an ox-sled. Some- times an entire household, seated upon an ox-sled. would start in the morning to spend the day with a friend five or six miles distant. In the eighteenth century greater quantites of snow fell in winter in Southern New Hampshire than now, ami snow- shoes were in general use. The invention originated with the Indians. The snow-shoe was elliptical in shape, with its rim made of ash, and the space within the rim interwoven with strips of raw-hide, so that the large breadth of surface resting upon the snow would sink but slightly below the surface. The feet were attached to the snow-shoes by fastening a common shoe at the toe, leaving the heel loose, to the central part of the snow-shoe. The Indian- and eail\ sell has made constant use <>t them during tin 1 deep snows of (he long winters. The snowfall usually reached the depth of five feet and continued from ten to twelve weeks. In 17"»_' the elder John Lovewell, lather of the he f Pequawket, died at an advanced age. The current rumor of his extreme longevity (one hundred and twenty years) is a mistake. Thccrror arose from confounding the events of his life with those of his lather, who was a soldier under Cromwell, and whose bravery the son inherited. Born in England, and lighting under Church, in King Philip's War, he was among the earliest settlers of Dunstable. During the Indian attacks, about 1700, he was, on one occasion, spared by them mi account of his kindness iii time of peace. In his later years he lived on the north side ol Salmon Brook, just below the Main Street bridge. He lived to hi- a centenarian, and was so vigorous at that age as to he a terror to the hoys who attempted to steal his apples. The family name has now disap- peared from Nashua. The longevity of many of the early settlers is worthy of notice. In Judge Worcester's " History of Hollis," Widow l.vdia Ulrieh'is authentically recorded as having died in that town in her one hundred and tilth, and Lieutenant Caleb Farley in Ills one hundred and third year. This great longevity and good health of the early settlers was no doubt due to the regularity of their habits and the simplicity of their diet. The Last French War, 1755.— Near the close of I7(s a treaty of peace had been made between Eng- land and France. By this treaty, no question in dispute was settled. England yielded up Louisburg, whose conquest had shed such glory on the colonial arms, and received in return -Madras. The English government had shown neither skill nor energy in the management of the war, but had left the colonies to protect themselves. King George the Third and his ministry had allowed a dangerous enemj to harass the colonies, that they might feel more keenly their dependence on the mother-country. They were already enforcing that restrictive policy in trade which subse- quently led to the Revolution. The fruit of this war to the colonies was only debt and disgrace. They felt that it was an inglorious surrender of their interests. The peace was only nominal. In the spring id' HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1755 it was manifest that the French were aiming at the control of the Lakes and the Mississippi Valley, and, if successful in these designs, ofthe subjugation of the Colonies. War was openly declared, ami New Hamp- shire raised a regiment of five hundred men to join an expedition, under Sir William Johnson, for the capture of Crown Point. The command wasgiven to Colonel Joseph Blanchard, of Dunstable. One ofthe companies of this regiment was the famous " Rangers," of which Robert Rogers, of Dunbarton, was captain and John Stark lieutenant. Several members of the company were from thistown. This regiment was disbanded at the end of the year. After the failure ofthe campaign of 1755, and the death of General Braddoek, Lord Loudon was ap- pointed to the chief command. Another New Hamp- shire regiment was called for anil raised. But the campaigns of 1756, 177>7 and 1758 were disastrous from the incapacity oftheBritish commanders. No- thing saved Lord Loudon from an utter defeat bill the brilliant and persistent efforts of the Rangers, under Rogers and Stark. The war still continuing, New Hampshire was or- dered to furnish another regiment of a thousand soldiers, which, on the death of Colonel Blanchard, was commanded by Colonel Zaccheus Lovewell, brother of the famous John Lovewell. It did good service at the capture of Ticonderagaand Crow u l'oint. The next year (1760) a regiment of eight hundred was raised by this State, under the command of Col- onel John Gotl'e, of Bedford. Dunstable furnished her full quota of soldiers, who were at the surrender of Montreal and Quebec, which wrested all Canada from France and closed the war. This result, due to the statesmanship of the new British premier, William Pitt, decided whether Cath- olicism or Protestantism should prevail in North America. A different result would have (hanged the whole current of civilization on the western continent. It was a conflict of ideas, and not the mere encounter of brute forces. The New England colonies rang with exultation ; the hills V vere lighted with bonfires : Legislatures, the pulpit and the people echoed the general joy. They felt it to be the triumph of truth over error. In this la-t of the French and Indian colonial wars, the men of Dunstable bore well their part in held and forest engagements. Besides the two colonels, Blanchardand l,o\ ewell, and the commissary, Jonathan Lovewell, it is known that tie- sons of Noah Johnson, the last survivor of LoVeWell's fight, were in the war. both of whom were killed. In all. about thirty Dunstable men served in the war. and the sur- vivors returned at its close to their farms. War is attended with evils which are often felt long after its close. The colonies had very little of gold or silver coin, and issued paper currency to meet the ex- penses of the protracted struggle. Its deterioration caused much embarrassment and loss. During the active operations of the war the harvests were bountiful, and there was little suffering for food at home or in the army. But during the years 1701 and 1762 a 9i N i re drought cut off the crop-, so that corn was im- ported from Virginia, ami the Dunstable farmers cut the wild, coarse grass which grew in the swamps to save their live-stock from starvation. The scarcity id' feed compelled the slaughter of many sheep and cattle. Another harmful effect to the colonies was the in- creasing use of intoxicating chinks. The soldiers, accustomed to camp-life ami the daily use of liipiors, carried their loose habits into rural life, ami added to tie mi-,, wing tendency to drunkenness. Public senti- ment was not at that time awake to the terrible effects of the use of intoxicating drinks. Not only did the town officers of Dunstable, in their charge for servii i 8, make a separate hill for "newrhum" for daily use, but on all public occasions — all meetings, whether of joy or sorrow — it was customary for all to drink freely. No wedding could he appropriately celebrated with- out a liberal distribution of stimulating drinks. Even at funeral- it was thought necessary "to keep the spirits up by pouring spirits down." The evils of poverty, then severely felt, were greatly increased by the debased appetite for intoxicating liquors. Two years before the close of the war, on April 7, 1758, Colonel Joseph Blanchard died at the age of fifty-three. Hi- grandfather. Deacon John Blanchard, was one of the first settlers of the town. Hi- father was an active, useful citizen, holding positions of tru-t and living in 1727. On the death of his father, though young, Joseph Blanchard succeeded to his father's business. He became widely known as a surveyor of land, and in that capacity traversed the almost un- broken forests which now constitute the western and northern towns of Hillsborough County. He sketched the first published map- of New Hampshire, a work of great labor and much value to new emigrants. He was in command of the first regiment raised lor the campaign of 17-V> at the time of his death. His moss-stained monument in the old cemetery in the south part ofthe town read- thus, — ■•Tlit Hon. .I..-,],!, HI:,,,, ],;,r,]. Ks.j., I. ' The capture of Quebec and the surrender of Canada to the British, in 1760, was followed by a longer inter- val of peace than Dunstable had ever enjoyed, — fifteen years. It was a period of needed tranquillity, for on them, more than elsewhere, hail the Indian wars told fearfully. For sixty year- there had been no season when danger might riot be imminent. There was no safet\ for the ordinary dwelling. Every occupied bouse w a- of necessity a garrison. Xo held labor could be performed with safety. Harvests were de- stroyed, dwelling- burned, cattle killed and men. women and children brutally massacred or dragged through the wilderness to Canada. No man walked abroad unarmed, and on Sunday even the minister preached with his musket at hi- side. NASHUA. 161 But the entire overthrow of the French dominion brought safety as 'well as peace. When, in 1774, the tyranny of the British government began to pro- voke ^colonial resistance, Dunstable, with its seven hundred inhabitants, had become an established, self- reliant community. It is a fitting opportunity, there- fore, to briefly glance at the condition, habits, customs and peculiarities of our forefathers while yet the sub- jects of a European monarch. The settlers of Dunstable were of Puritan origin. The earliest comers were, as a class, distinctly marked characters, men of intelligence, energy and some prop- erty. They had two objects in view: to obtain per- manent homes for themselves and their posterity, and to acquire wealth by the rise of their lands. They brought with them domestic animals — cattle, swine andsheep, — and had they been spared the savage out- rages, which destroyed their property, and oftentimes their lives, in a few years they would have had large and profitable farms and convenient houses. The constant danger of Indian attacks compelled tin- building of timbered dwellings— logs hewn on opposite side- so that no musket bullet could penetrate, save at some crevice. There were no windows, except nar- row openings to admit light and air; while the doors were built with the most careful regard to resistance against outward attacks. They were made of white oak or ash plank, with iron hinges, and with a wooden latch on the inside, Inning a raw-hide string to lift the latch from the outside. When the string was pulled in and the heavy crossbars put up, it was no easy matter to force an entrance. Many of the houses from the first settlement till 17">o had a rude and strong stockade built around them, consisting of tim- bers ten inches thick set upright in the ground to the height often to twelve feet. Such a building, if pro- tected by several good marksmen, had all the securitj of a fort, and was never attacked by the savages unless they discovered the entrance open and unguarded. The house itself consisted of a single room, from sixteen to eighteen feet square, with seats, table and bedsteads, hewn by the broad axe. constituting the furniture. But with the peace which followed the capture of Quebec came an era of growth and prosperity. The primitive dark and dingj log house gave way to the In I house, usually of one story, anil consisting of a sizeable room, which answered the three-fold pur- pose of kitchen, living-room and parlor, with a small sleeping-room and pantry. A few of the more wealth} built a "double house." furnishing more abundant ac- commodations. All of them had in view shelter and comfort rather than elegance. The windows were small, without blinds or shutters. The lire-place was spacious enough to receive " back-logs " of two feet in diameter and five feel in length, in front of which was placed the smaller wood, resting on andirons. The stone hearth hail the most liberal dimensions and the flue of the chimney a diameter of three feet. It was hardly an exaggeration to say that one could sit in the chimney corner and study astronomy. All the cooking was done by this fire, the kettles being sus- pended from an iron crane over it, while the bannocks were baked and the meat roasted in front of it. Around it gathered the family at night, often numbering from six to twelve children, and the cricket on the hearth kept company with their prattle. Thus with the hardships came the comforts of pioneer life. Dunsta- ble had now a local cabinet-maker, whose busy lathe greatly improved the style of heusehold furniture. Everything was made of native forest wood — pine, cherry, birch and birds-eye maple. Now and then a bureau or a desk was seen which was made in Boston; and more rarely an article brought across the water from England. Vessel* of iron, copper and tin were used in cooking. The dressers, extending from floor to ceiling in the kitchen, contained the mugs, basins and various-sized plates of pewter, which shone upon the tanner's board at time of meals. Farmers hired their help for seven dollars a month. Carpenters had seventy-live cents a day, or twelve dollars per month. Apprentices served five years, and for the first two years were only fed and clothed. The food in those days was simple and healthy. There were no dyspeptic-. Breakfast generally con- sisted of potatoes, roasted in the ashes, with a little cold meat and a hot "bannock," made of meal and water, and baked on a " maple chip " before the Are. In summer salt pork and greens, with an occasional strawberry or blackberry pudding, formed the staple for dinner; in autumn the raccoon, partridge and gray squirrel furnished wild meat for the siiue meal, while late in spring and early summer salmon and shad af- forded material for a princely repast. During the long winters farm-boys, apprentices and children lived chiefly mi bean porridge. At dinner brown bread was added, or snapped corn was silted into the boiling porridge, making the dish called " pop robbin." There was no tea or coffee, but all drank from a common mug, which at dinner contained eider. David Allds, who lived just north of Salmon Brook, near the bridge which still retains his name, used to say that during the winter months bis family "used up" two hogs- head- of bean porridge each month. There were no periods of leisure to the early set- tlers of any part of New England; least of all was there to the people of Dunstable. During the win- ter, when the fanner of to-day does little beside tak- ing care of his stock, the new-comer to Dunstable, finding bis narrow clearing insufficient to support his family, set himself to felling tree- for a new field. All through the early winter he was in the wood- from early dawn till the stars appeared in the sky, and sometimes by moonlight or firelight in the evening. But he had a strong frame, and labor was not irk- some; every blow -truck was for himself, his children and his homestead. Stripping oil' his coat, with arms bare to the elbow, and the perspiration standing in 162 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. drops on his forehead, the blows fell fast and heavy till the huge trunk, tottering lor a moment, fell to the ground, flinging the broken branches high in the air, ami with a noise like distant thunder. When the deep snows came he hired himself till spring to an older and wealthier settler, to earn the corn and meat to feed his family. The labors of the housewife were no less arduous. A.shle from the care of her children, she had sole charge of the dairy and kitchen, besides spinning and weaving, sewing and knitting, washing and mending for the " men folks," and in case of sick- ness, taking care of the suffering. The people were generally healthy. Consumption, neuralgia and dis- eases of the heart were rarely known. Dunstable had less of harmony in church affairs than most of the early settled towns of New England. Yet, the people, with rare unanimity, gathered on Sunday at the "Old South Meeting-House." Sunday developed the social as well as the religious feelings. During the hour of intermission the men gathered around some trader, or person who had just returned from Boston, whose means of information exceeded their own. to learn the important news of the week. Newspapers and letters were seldom seen at any coun- try fireside. News from England did not reach the inland towns till four months after the events oc- curred. Intelligence from New York was traveling ten to twelve day; before it reached New Hampshire. In the means of general information it is difficult to comprehend the great change which has occurred in the civilized world between 1750 and the present time. Between 17thmu>. Of the Americans in that memorable battle, one hundred and forty-five were killed and missing, and thnc hundred ami five wounded, — in all four hun- dred ami fifty. General Gage reported the killed and wounded of the British army at one thousand and fifty-four, including eighty-nine officers. The New Hampshire regiments lost nineteen men killed and seventy-four wounded. The Dunstable company, under Captain Walker, was in Stark's regiment. NASHUA. 165 Only one Dunstable soldier, William Lund, was killed, and two, Joseph Greeley and Paul Ologstone, were wounded. The latter died soon after. The Hollis company, which on that day was included among: the .Massachusetts troops under Colonel Pres- cott, lost heavily, eighl men being left dead at the redoubt. The unusual heat of the day compelled the soldiers to lay aside their coats and knapsacks, many of which were lost in the excitement and hurry of the retreat. The battle fought on the 17th of June, 177-">, in sight of the metropolis of New England, destroyed less of human life than many of the sanguinary con- flicts of the American Revolution. But no one had a more derisive influence in determining the future of the Anglo-Saxon race on the western continent. It taught the British to respect American character and to fear American valor. Events of 1776 and 1777.— The people of Dunsta- ble were anxiously awaiting the Declaration of Inde- pendence, and in 177b the town officers made procla- mation for the annua] meeting, not as heretofore, "in His Majesty's name," but in the name oflhepeople of New Hampshire. At this meeting the "spirit of 76" was strongly manifested. Samuel Roby, Noah Lovewell, William Walker, Joseph Eayrs, Joseph French, Jr., Captain Benjamin French and Thomas Butterfield, were chosen delegates to the ( lounty < longress. Jonathan Lovewell, Robert Fletcher, Joseph Eayrs, Noah Lovewell Silas Adams, Samuel Koby, Joseph Whiting ami Thomas Butterfield were chosen a < lom- mittee of Safetj . Samuel Roby, Benjamin Smith, Thomas Butterfield, John Searles, David Allds, James Blanchard, Wil- liam Walker, John Wright and Henry Adam- were chosen a Committee of Inspection, to see that no British goods were sold in town. Early in 1 T 7" « '■ New Hampshire raised three regiments of two thousand men, which were placed under the command of ( lolo- uels Stark, Ibcd and Hale. They marched to Ticon- deroga, and up the Lakes to Canada, but were com- pelled to retreat. The soldiers from Dunstable suf- fered severely, and lost one-third of their number by sickness and exposure. In 1777 threw regiments of two thousand men were again raised by New Hampshire, for the Continental army. The same quota of troops was furnished by the State during the war. besides voluntary enlist- ments. In every lew of two thousand men the propor- tion to be furnished by I (unstable was sixteen. More than twice this number, however, must have been constantly in the army. It was in the summer of this year that General Burgoyne, marching with a large army from Canada, captured Ticonderoga, a strong fortress at the head of Lake ( reorge. The loss caused great dismay in the Eastern States. One of the New Hampshire regiments, commanded by Colonel Hale, was pursued and overtaken on July 7th, at Hubbard- ton, Yt., seventeen miles southeast from Ticonderoga. A severe skirmish followed, in which several officers and one hundred of our men were taken prisoners. Of the Dunstable soldiers, John Butler and James Harwood were killed, and John Manning taken pris- oner. There was great excitement in Vermont and New Hampshire at the success and intentions of General Burgoyne and his forces. The Legislature of New Hampshire met at Exeter, and ordered a regiment to enlist immediately, under the command of John Stark, " in order to stop the progress of the enemy on our western frontiers.'' The State could vote to raise troops, but could not pay them. The treasury was empty. In this emergency, John Langdon, Speaker of the House, and a merchant of Portsmouth, offered to loan three thousand dollars in coin and the avails of his plate and stock of g Is, remarking that if our cause triumphed, he would be repaid; but if not, the property would be of no use to him. He also enlisted as a [private. The appointment of John Stark was received with enthusiasm throughout the State. The people had confidence in him. They predicted his success, for they knew his dauntless courage, keen sagacity and untiring vigilance. Volunteers in large numbers Hocked to his standard. All classes were eager "to take the woods for a Hessian hunt." Stark made his headquarters at Bennington, where the Vermont forces, under Colonel Warner, joined him. He was ordered by Genera] Gates to take bis militia to the west side of the Hudson. He declined to obey, as he ■ was in the service id' New Hampshire, and her interests required his presence at Bennington. Congress thereupon passed a vote of .ensure upon Stark, which in a lew days they changed to a vote of thanks. He best understood what was his duty. Carrying' out his own plan, he found that Genera] Burgoyne had sent from Fort Edward fifteen hundred (banians, Tories and Indians to rob and plunder the people of Ver- mont, and thus secure horses and provisions for the British arm;,, and Colonel Baum, at the head of these troops, was close at hand. A brisk skirmish took place on the 14th of August, in which thirty of tin: enemy were killed. The next day a heavy storm delayed the contest, and gave the liritish time to build abreast-work of logs and timbers. Thej were also defended by heavy artillery. On the morning of the 16th, General Stark laid his plans for a decisive light, and was strengthened by a detachment from Western Massachusetts. The bat- tle began at three in the afteru After a two-hours' struggle the fortifications were carried, and two can- non and many prisoners captured. The rest of the British and Hessians tied. An hour later the enemy were reinforced by Colonel Breyman, and the light was renewed. They fought till the sun went down, and Stark was master of the held. Only a small frac- tion of the foe escaped. The fruits of the victory obtained by these raw militia over European veteran-, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. toriea and savages were four pieces of brass artillery, eighty loads of baggage, < > > i l- thousand stands of anus and seven hundred and fifty prisoners. Two hundred and seventh fell on the battle-field. The American loss was thirty-four killed and forty wounded. But the important result of this victory was the restoration of confidence to the desponding American army. " One more such blow," said Washington, "and we shall have no more anxiety as to the designs of Britain." Congress having adopted a temporary Conn of gover ent, both for the State and the Union, the voters of Dunstable, on February 9, 1778, in town- meeting, adopted unanimously i } i < ■ < 'ongrossional Artic- les of Confederation. On April 17, 1778, Captain Ben- jamin French and Deacon William Hunt were chosen delegates to the Stale < invention, to be held in June, to form a State constitution. A committee of eleven was also appointed, namely, Cyrus Baldwin, Joseph Whiting, Robert Fletcher, Jonathan Lovewell, Captain Daniel Warner, Joseph Eayrs, Captain Benjamin Smith, Lieutenant David Allds, Colonel Noah Love- well, Lieutenant Joseph French and Lieutenant Jacob Taylor, "to assist said members during the conven- tion's session." A bill of rights and a constitution were drafted, ami an able address to the people issued, signed by John Langdon, p resident of the convention. But the people would not sanction either. Their ex- perience id' royal usurpation, and the tear of giving t< inch power to the rulers prevailed, ami 1i.mIi were negatived by a large majority. Dunstable voted unan- imously to reject them. In August, 177S, fourteen men went as volunteers from Dunstable, under Colonel Noah Lovewell, to Rhode Island. Theseatof war having changed from New England to the Middle ami Southern State-, in 1779, 1780 and 1781 a large number of Dunstable men « cut into acti\ c service as soldiers in New ^ ..i I, and Virginia. How many soldiers were furnished to the army fr Dunstable during the seven years of the War of the Revolution it is not possible to ascertain with entire accuracy, but the number was maintained till the close of the contest, in October, 1781 . No town in this State bad greater unanimity in favor of national in- dependence and the most vigorous prosecution of the war. There were no Tories in Dunstable, and no resi- dents id' the town went into exile for supporting the usurpations id' the British King. In preparing the only history of Nashua hitherto published, its author, Charles J. Fox, Esq., made an examination of the town and State records, ami availed himself of other sources of information to obtain the names of those who participated in that long and bloody struggle. Mr. Fox had the habits of investigation which admirably lilted him for the work, and it was his intention, had his health and life been prolonged, to have given the subject further attention. His summary of the services of the soldiers id' this town, we give in his own words, — ■' fin- wli..le male pupulation of I'uiist.a.l,- ii, May, 177.-., hetwec n the agi - "l Bixteen and fiftj yean, was onrj hundred and twenty-eight, and nearly ever} man, eith i at i - lui i or as a draft, was at some j.< ii' "1 in ttif -.■Mir.- I'll. \ u.r. in ,| st every ti^lit, In. in I'.nnker 11,11 tc S irkt iwn, and theii bones aw i Idering upon many a battle- Beld, from Haasai >...-. tt- I Virginia. They were at Bunker Hill in the l»>sl "1 .lainj i .iii-l h..lea ; lii.v weiv .it "I i. ..ri-t. i . .-... \v }i.-ri-, 1» .mo down by pestilei ■ ind want, they were compelled to retreat, fighting step by step, in the face of a victorious foe; they were at Bennington with Stark, where the tii-i gleam of li^-hl broke in u] tor prospects ; Washington, they surprised a hi tlie .lishrult.-lie.l not i. .0 ; a army i apll ilia!. .1, ami lliue|.einleiii e was wl.ii." The following is the list of soldiers from Dunstable who served in the army at some time between April, 1775, and October, 1781. Some of them were in ser- vice only a few months, or for a single expedition. The names thus collected number one hundred and fifty-nine, or thirty-one above the number of males in the tow 1 April 1, 177~>. between the ages of six- teen and fifty. Rut it is to be borne in mind that quite a number went into service for a single expedi- tion, like that to Bennington, who were over fifty years of age. Of this class there were said to have been over forty. The list was made chiefly by Mr. Fox in 1S44, at which time there were four Revolutionary soldiers living in the town, namely, Eleazer Fisk Ji - Jewell, Isaac Foot and Ebenezer Harris, from whose recollection several of these names were ob- tained. The thirty-nine marked with a star were at the battle of Bunker Hill; the forty-four marked with a dagger are taken from the town records; those without mark are from verbal and other sources : David VI. mi-. David Vl.ine, .Ii, Hi. It. ml Vlnte. Il.lil\ Vi.ini- Silas vf I Isaac vl.nn-. 7 .1. i, M Ulds, David Allds, Jacob Adams,-} • '■""• - lil.ni. Ii.ii-i ' '—Hi. Butterfield, Ibe] Butterfleld, Si mi Butter- 11. mat I'. in. mi- 11. Charles Butterfleld, Benjamin Bayley,» zei Blanchard, Olivet Blodgett, Daniel Blood, 1 I Brown,* u. I Butterfield.1 .rim Butlei ' killed at Hubberton, Ver nt. I.Ephraim la l.fHeul '-I l.tSimeon HI l.fJohn Blanch- f Nathaniel Blanchard, i oat nan Butterfleld, f Timothy lil I.t l,.,|.i Bayley,* William Butterfleld Paul Clogst » (died at Cam- :■ . :77 '■ . .r.liii Cockle,1 Stephen Conery,t John Conery.i Medad ... He ..mo . \\ lii.cn Cox, Tl tas ' lark, ell. 1 Harwood, James Ji * 11. \ t (.tie. I in .11 no , l-i. e I h ...a!-. ■ M.-II. Nathaniel l\. In |. 1 11 .I. Stephen I.uVeWell lei. luie.lt, '1'lintlias l.ile->. l.e\i I.uti'l, William Mann f 'kille.l ill the am. v.. .I..I111 MainnniM ital.en j.ris 1 at Tirntiilen.ea, ami atteiu.ints retakeiii, Kti|.tialet Main. mi:, t .l.'llathali 167 Powers, Thomas Pike, William Qu army), Samuel Ro BdDJamiD Robbine S b, John Sno« 5eal,1 Sil -- Swa pie, Levi Pempl Woods died at ( i Roby,< I SI,. -.1.1,1 CHAPTER IX. NASHUA— {Cuntiuiietl). DUNSTAl'.I.K ; ins i i n i M ins. b— "The ru..- Barrens "—So srneld — Rev. Joseph Kidder- 1 Si I I- -'".I Text-Booka- g— The Lovewells and Blanch The close of the War of tin- Revolution found the people of New England sadly embarrassed in their resources. We can form but a faint idea of the sacrifices made by the colonists ha- independence. Beside periling life in Wattle and submitting to priva- tions of every description, so large a proportion of the able-bodied of the population were in the army that fields were often left unfilled. " Our efforts are great," said John Adams, in 1780, "and we give in this campaign one-half of our property to defend the other half. He who stays at home cannot earn enough to pay him who takes the field." Great as was the depression elsewhere, it fell with unusual severity upon Dunstable. In the Indian wars no town in theState had lost so large a proportion of the heads of families, or so largely reduced its industrial capacity. Hence the sum annually expended by tin- town during the war. amounting to three thousand dollars each year, became a heavy burden upon a population uumbering, in 1775, only seven hundred and five. Yet this small number had diminished in 17s:; to five hundred and seventy-eight, showing a decrease of one hundred and twenty-seven, or eighteen per cent.,— a fact which proves better than pages of description the weight of the exertions which were put forth and the sacrifices which were made, and the con- sequent paralysis of the energies and prosperity of the community. Added to the poverty of the people was the diversity of opinion in regard to the powers and limitations of theState and national governments. In December, 1782, Dunstable chose Jonathan Blanchard represen- tative to the State Convention at Exeter, bul no decisive action was taken by that body. In 17*4, Captain Benjamin French, in 1786 and 17*7. Colonel Noah Lovewell were representives, hut no important measures were settled. In January, 1788, Deacon William Hunt was chosen a delegate to the conven- tion which met at Exeter the following month lo adopt the Constitution of the United States, which hail recently been sent out In Congress for acceptance by theseveral States. Throughout the country, as well as in the several State Conventions, there was great diversitj ol opinion in regard to it, and much opposi- tion. Some believed thai the Constitution vested too much power in the general government, and would gradually annihilate the existence of tin States. Others feared that it had not enough authority to protect itself from the encroachments of the States, and would soon he powerless, 'there was danger on both sides. On the one side was anarchy, on the other usurpation. It was an untried experiment, and every little community was divided. It was debated in town-meeting, and Dunstable voted "not to ac- cept the Constitution," and chose a committee of nine to draft a list of objections to he forwarded to the State Convention at Exeter. They attended to their duty. Fortunately, however, the State Convention adopted the Constitution. It was a compromise between the doubts of conflicting parties, and the fears of both have happily failed to be verified. The action of New J lampshire had a controlling influence upon the New York and other conventions then in session. TheState < lonstitution, in the mean time, had been submitted to the popular vote in .March, 17N4, anil approved by a large majority. It went into operation in June, 17S4, and Mesheck Weare became chief magistrate under the title of " President," which title was changed by the State Convention of 1792 to "Governor," to distinguish the office from that of the chief magistrate of the nation. Few of our people of the present generation are aware of the comparatively low rank of this town in population, trade and wealth at the close of the last century. We give a table ol' its population at four different periods, as compared with several towns in the vicinitv: 1800. 1880. Valuation, 1883. 802 1557 1-207 926 2561 I 1 397 J12,105,266 924,675 830^755 1,040,783 It will he seen 1>\ the above table that Nashua (then Dunstable) had in 1790 and in 1800 less inhab- itants than the neighboring towns. This inferiority in numbers and wealth continued till the introduction of cotton manufacture, in 1826. Her trade formally years after the Revolutionary War was exceedingly small. There was no post-office in the town, and no village. The nearest semblance to one was the little hamlet ol' live or six dwellings near the meeting- house located two miles below the city hall, and near the present farm-house of Mrs. Alfred Godfrey. It consisted of a store, the only one in town, kept by a HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Mr. Chamberlin ; a tavern, kept by Cummings Pol- lard; a blacksmith-shop, a batter's .-hup and the residence of " Parson Kidder." It was designated l>\ the people of the town as the "Centre." Farmers of that period had to follow the advice of Dr. Frank- lin, " to light the lamps of industry." Women had much of out-door life, and were capable of great en- durance. There was much of neighborhood good- feeling and generosity. It was needed. Among the early settlers was a class who. coming on foot, carried all their property on their shoulders. Such persons, though often valuable as hired laborers, needed ad- viser- and overseers; and unless men of more enter- prise and foresight had aided them to shelter, food and work, they and their families must have suffered severely. Rude but pleasant homes were increasing. The hum of the wheel and the stroke of the loom told of domestic industry. In the spring, the plow and the hoe were never allowed to rust ; in summer, the scythe and the sickle were in constant use; in early tall, there was gladness in gathering the abund- ant harvest ; farther on, the October fires roared and rushed through the fallen woodlands, and gleamed at night on the hill-sides. Nor was the winter a holiday to tin- tanner and hi- family ; hut the long nights af- forded the opportunity for social gatherings of kins- folks and neighbors. It would he difficult to conceive of a more inde- pendent, -elf-reliant, hearty and healthy class than our farming people at the close of the eighteenth century. The farmer lived on the products of bis own soil, was wanned 1>\ fuel from his own woods, clothed from the fleeces of his own Bock, or the flax of his own field. No flour, beef, ham-, lard or burn- ing fluid were then imported. Splinters of pitch-pine and resinous pine-knots were used for lights. Many a hoy and girl of Dunstable studied their lessons bj this light, and gained that practical knowledge which enabled them to become useful and successful in after- life. Trade was chiefly carried on h\ barter. Little money was in circulation, and it was not needed. Tile oxen and swine, which yielded the fresh meat in winter ami the salt meat in summer, were fed and fattened mi the farm. The surplus products of the field or the slaughtered swine not needed by the family were carried to market in the tanner's " double sleigh," and exchanged for salt, iron, molasses, and. if the truth must he told, a keg of New England rum. So the year went round, and to a majority oi the resi- dents was marked by contentedness and a slow hut well-founded prosperity. In the early history of this and all the town- of New England, mutual necessities and hardships awakened mutual interest and hospitalities Each gave a helping hand to rear a house for the new- comer, to SOW and harvest the fields of a sick neigh- bor. The manner of borrowing and lending among our ancestors was truly patriarchal. When a neigh- bor killed a calf, no part of it was sold, but it was distributed among relatives and friends, the poor widow always having a piece and the minister not be- ing forgotten. When a neighbor wished for help to break up hi- ground, ami a number of yoke- of oxen were necessary, he had only to let it he known, and not only the oxen and plow could he had. hut a man to drive them. Townsmen generally were well ac- quainted with each other, their circumstances and wants. The destitute found a helper, ami the aid was generously rendered. Ninety years ago there was very little of mechanism or manufacturing, except by rude hand-work, in this country. Yet mechanism was then, a- now, essential, and the mechanic was the peer and helper of the farmer. Every tiller of the -oil needed a house and barn, tools and furniture, clothes and shoes. The skill and craft which produced these necessaries often came to the house of the employer. The shoemaker and tailor were intinerant, working where they were needed, and often receiving for their labor the pro- ducts of the farm or loom, or stores from the larder or cellar. Carpenters, blacksmiths, masons, tailors ami shoemakers were found in every growing town. The most prominent carpenter of Dunstable at that time was John Whittle. He built the fust house on Concord Street, just north of the 'Indian Head House," in 1782. Afterwards he removed to the vicinity of the old meeting-house at the "Centre," and a few years later built the house now occupied by his grandson, p.. G. Tyler, at the corner of Main and Tyler Streets. Of his nine children, two sons and seven daughters, only the youngest survives, — Mrs. Elizabeth Butterfield, who was born May 12, 1795, and now resides in Tyngsborough village, in the ninety-first year of lor age. In 1754 the town built a meeting-house on tin- triangular piece of land in front of what was long known a- the Jesse Estey tavern, now the farm-house of Mrs. Alfred Godfrey. For nearly sixty years it was the only place of religious worship in town. It was without lull or steeple, and externally had a rather ham-like appearance. The centre portion of the house had square pews with seats on all sides. The pulpit wa- reached by a long flight of stair-, and a dome-shaped -ounding-hoard was suspended over it. .Mrs. Elizabeth Butterfield, of whom we have just made mention, distinctly remembers attending Sun- day services in this house. The seats id' the pews had hinges, and when the congregation ro-e at prayer the seats were lifted to increase the -tamling-roorn. The recollections most vivid to her arc the extreme length of the prayers and the momentary "clatter" made by dropping the lids at its close. Rev. Joseph Kidder began preaching here in 17i!7, and continued to occupy the pulpit for fifty years. He lived and died in the house opposite the residence of .Mrs. God- frey, and of late known as the Scott place. Mr, Kidder was a minister of the old school, and the man and the parish are best described in the words of NASHUA. Professor E. 1». Sanborn, as used in delineating the state of society in most of our New Hampshire towns at the close of the Revolutionary War: "There were no libraries, and the very few t ks which did exist, being chiefly sermons or expositions of portions of the Bible, were not extensively read. Religious papers were unknown, and biographies of children of precocious piety and sainted Christians too g I for earth had not then been written. A lame proportion of the entire population attended church. No blinds excluded the blazing suns of summer; no fires soft- ened the int. use cold of winter. The hearers listened devoutly to long, doctrinal sermons, even when the breath of the preacher was frozen as it escaped his lips. 'The minister of the standing order,' possibly the only thoroughly educated man in the town, •mighty in the Scriptures' and austere in morals, was regarded by the children of his flock with awe, by the parents with reverence." Ir the close of the Revolutionary War to the close of tin'' century (1800) the farmers of this town increased, not only in numbers, but in the conveni- ences and enjoyments of home-life. Food and cloth- ing became abundant. In winter the outside, home made woolen frock of striped blue and white, put on over the head, buttoning at the neck and reaching to the knees, was universally worn by the farmers ami their boys. For a time they were worn at public gatherings, and when Parson Kidder was once called upon to open a town-meeting with prayer. In 1 said that half an acre of striped frocking rose up before him. Schools in winter began to he fully attended by hoys and girls, many of whom were of adult size and years. Chirography and orthography recohcl increased attention. The town records of Dunstable show a neatness and facility in penmanship which do not stiller in comparison with that of to-day. There were few text-hooks in use. The reading-hooks then used wen- the New England Primer, with its rude cuts of Adam and Eve, Jonah and the Whale, and rustic rhymes, such as " In Adam's fall We sinned all," the Psalms and the New Testament. Dilworth's spelling-book was used by the more advanced pupils. In arithmetic, instruction did not extend beyond the four "fundamental rules," reduction ami simple in- terest. No text-hook was used, hut the schoolmaster wrote the "sums" on each individual slate. Unfor- tunately, the lilack-board was unknown. Accuracy in the use of language was sometimes taught verbally, but neither grammar nor geography were recognized studios. Hunting during the fall months afforded some sup- ple- to the farmers. Raccoons and gray squirrels had not only a fine relish for the breakfast table, but their depredations in the corn-fields made it necessary to entrap them. Partridges and pigeons were also numerous. In November and December the fur- hearing animals were sought after, and chiefly by traps. "The first dollar 1 could call my own," said Jonathan Whiting, "was obtained by the sale of two mink skins, caught in Hasscdl's Brook." The catching of fish was for many years after the Revolution a great source- of supply tor food to the inhabitants. In the Merrimack River the fishing season began with the first appearance of the apple blossoms. With the Indians Amoskeag Kails was the most noted place for catching shad and salmon, and next in importance were the small streams, like ( i has, Pennichuck and Salmon Brooks. Hut the use of large seines, stretching across the entire river, enabled the whites to scoop in these migratory fish at almost any point along the river where there was a smooth bottom. It seems almost incredible what quantities of fish came up the Merrimack in the month of May. In Dunstable the leading resort was in i Ic smooth water about half a mile this side of the State line. Nearly as many were taken just below the mouth of the Pennichuck. It was a common saying with those families whose meat barrels were apt to be scanty, " We hope meat will last till fish comes, and fish last till meat comes." The alewives were taken with a scoop-net ; the eels by an eel-pot of wicker-work set in the falls of smaller streams. Salmon and shad were taken by both, the net being used at tails anil in swift water, and the seine in the river. In the smaller streams the fish continued to be caught until the middle of June. Uegular fishing companies were organized at various points ,,n the river, and the expense of twine, ropes, cord, lead, with boats and oars, was about one hun- dred ami twenty dollars for a first-class -cine. When these large seines wen- first used, in L762, over one thousand shad were taken at a single haul. Twelve men were required to use one of them, and when tilled with a ton of live fish it required their utmost exertion. Hundreds of people from adjacent towns would come t,, buy for their families, and g 1-sized shad could someti - be bought for two dollars per hundred. There was a marked diminution of fish in and in 1793 the Legislature of this State enacted laws regulating the taking of fish by provi- ding that during a certain part of every twenty-four hours the Merrimack waters should he undisturbed. '1'he number, however, continued to diminish, so that in 1812 not more than fifty salmon were often taken in the most lucky haul. More or less, however, were taken till the obstruction of mill-dams at Lowell, about 1X24, prevented their annual migration. The last shad taken in Dunstable were from the bend in the Nashua River, just above the iron bridge on Canal Street, in 1839. Several of the winters between 1790 and 1800 abounded with deep -n,,ws. In 1792 the snow re- mained till the middle of May, but. melting suddenly, was followed by a warm and productive summer. The spring of 17h4 opened unusually early; but on 170 HISTORY OF HILLSBOKOl'CJH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the 17th of May there came the most destructive frost recorded in the history of this State- The young apples and other fruit were formed, the rye beaded, and other crops so far advanced as to be exposed. The frost was verj severe, and entirely destroyed the fruit anil the English main erojis ..I' that year. The corn and hay crops, however, were abundant. Meanwhile, some of the men who had taken the lead in the military and civil affairs of the town and State were passing away. On the 16th of July, L788, Hon. Jonathan Blanchard died at the age of fifty. He was descended from a long line of honorable an- cestry. His lather and grandfather had heen men of note and influence in colonial history. His father died when he was in his twentieth year, and he at once took his place as surveyor and proprietor's clerk. When tin contest arose between the British govern- ment and the colonies Mr. Blanchard became an active and earnest advocate of the American cause. He was a member of the ( lontinental Congress at the time of his death. His residence was at the old family mansion, one hundred yards southwest of the brick school-house on the Lowell road and near the cemetery where he was buried. His widow survived till 1811. In 17!i2, Jonathan Lovewell. Esq., brother of Cap- tain John Lovewell, the Indian tighter, died at the age of seventy-nine. Early in life he took a prom- inent part in public affairs. He served in the last of the French and Indian Wars and afterwards took an active part inthe War of the Revolution. Attheclose of the war lie was a member of the convention which framed the State Constitution, and after its adoption was for several years a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was never married. In his religious views he was an Arininian, a follower of ( reorge Whitelicld. During the first century of the history of Dun- stable the two most prominent families were the Lovewells and the Blanchards. Both of them have disappeared from Nashua, so far as regards the actual name. In local affairs they were at times antagonistic, hid on State and national interests they were too patriotic and liberty-loving to he otherwise than harmonious. The Lovewell family first at- tained celebrity by the Pequawket tight. The Blanch- ards became widely known as surveyors of wild lands, and traversed most of the western and north- ern towns of this county before they were settled l>\ the white people. CHAPTER X. NASHUA— ( Com I . [STAB] M 1800 To 1 Olden-TimeVehii lea and I oola -Wi n's Labors i- I i- - ITearii Ma -Dea i Hunt's lm kr,-|„-r — ■ I ;i| .,-, I l; --II i; l'.:il I i I I .1...." — ISirlli A ■• N..-lcin \ ilki-r - — linnlM.il On.ull ■ of 1816— ^Meeting-House Raising Che Old Cidi i ttilla— Huskings. After the close of tin' Revolutionary War the American people found themselves essentially an agricultural community, with scarcely any commerce or manufactories. Steam as a motive-power was un- known. Water-power was only used for sawing lumber and grinding grain. Farming implements, furniture, carriages, clothing, in brief, everything, was made by hand labor. Tools of all kinds were crude and unwieldy. Tin- plow was a rude imple- ment, furnished at a greater cost and worked by double the strength required at this time. The strength of woman's foot turned the wheel, the skill of her lingers spun the thread, ami the power of her arm dmve the shuttle: the hand-saw, the " pod " auger, the gouge and chisel were the perfection of mechanical tools; and the two-wheeled cart the best vehicle for transportation. Experimental improve- ments didnot succeed at once. When the first four- wheeled wagon came to this town the driver found no space large enough to enable him to turn around till he reached the "triangle" opposite Mr-. Godfrey's residence. The year 1800 found the Dunstable people with very few of modern conveniences. There was no post-otlice, no mails, no library, a weekly tw..-horse Btage-coach anil less than a score of weekly newspapers. Whether for the better or worse, there were no lawyer, no doctor and only one clergyman. Nor was it increas- ing in population as rapidly as the towns more recently settled to the north and west. Amherst had three times the population of this town, and Peterborough, Hillsborough, Antrim, Milford, Weare and New Bos- ton had surpassed it in numbers and were rapidly acquiring the thrift which peace, industry and frugal- ity are sure to bring. The seaboard towns of Eastern Massachusetts had little of the commerce and none of the manufactories of later times, and their surplus population were seeking 1 tes among the rounded hills of Central New Hampshire. The reader of to-day may not fully understand why, eighty and ninety years ago, the upper towns were -low mil' more rapidly than Dunstable. The Letter soil of this town was already occupied. The ex- tended plain embracing all the central portion of the township, and on the eastern part of which the ■ n\ of Nashua now stands, was covered with a native growth of scrub pine, and the sandy soil on which it rested was really of little value. " Dunstable Plains " were often the subject of much merriment to peo- ple of other sections, as it seemed to them the em- bodiment of the idea of poverty of soil. Mr. Fox. in his history, relates that some wicked wag in our Leg- islature once undertook to disparage our soil, declar- ing that " it would not support a chipping squirrel to tin- acre." and capped the climax of his oratory hy relating the story "that a grasshopper was once seen perched upon the top of a dry niulhiu-stalk, with the tears rolling down his cheeks, looking in vail liscover one blade of green grass to allay his hunger." Meanwhile, with little addition from abroad, there NASHUA. 171 was a desirable increase from the growth of resident families. A majority of the households could boast of eighl to ten children, and the seven school districts into which the town was divided had, in L800, an average of forty scholars. New- dwellings and larger barns were built, and on the river road one-hali of the residences were the large, square, two-story farm- houses, of which quite a number still exist. The far- mers in winter carried the products of the farm — pork, poultry, butter, cheese, wool and grain — to the seal rd markets with their own teams. Boston was not then the solo commercial port of Massachusetts, but Salem and Newburyporl voir successfully com- peting with her for the West and East Indian trade. A large majority of the products of Hillsborough County eighty years ago were carried to Salem and Newburyport. The annual winter excursion of the farmer to the seaboard market was quite an event to him and bis family. The well-fed ox-team and well-loaded sled left before dawn. It was a two-days' drive to reach either of the seaboard towns. The third day was busily occupied in making a sale and loading up sup- plies lor tie' coming year. It consisted of a few I > i j hels of salt, a low farming tools, sonic needed crockery, tin and iron-wares, a few pounds of tea, a feu yards of cotton cloth, a supply of pins, needles and buttons, a bundle of dry cod-fish, a dozen pounds of brown sugar, a keg of West India molasses and a keg of Medford rum. If the means of the farmer were not exhausted, he bought for himself a wool hat and red bandanna handkerchief, and for his wife or eldest daughter a string of thirty-six gold beads, sonic school-books for the older and a few simple toys for the younger chil- dren. If the weather was fair he reached home on the tilth day, soon after darkness set in. His arrival was anxiously awaited. While taking care id' his tired oxen the less weighty articles were carried into the kitchen, and the farmer sat down to a steaming hot Bupper, during which the leading incidents of the trip were related to intent listeners. Afterwards the heavier purchases were brought in, and the evening hours glided away in narrating the particulars of a trip as eventful as an overland excursion of to-da\ to San Francisco. The valley of the Merrimack then, as now, afforded a natural thoroughfare for a large part of New Hamp- shire lo the markets on the sea-coast. Though there was a limited supply of money in circulation, the amount of barter trade began lo he of some import- ance before the Revolution, and rapidly increased after its close. During the first ten years of the present century the European wars gave an impetus to New England commerce, and the products of the farm were in fair demand. The farmers who bad taken up and were clearing new lands among the hill- ranges which lie between the Merrimack and the Connecticut Valleys were in extreme need of axes, plows, chains and numerous other articles of oul do, r and in-door use. Those who bad already soi ured im- proved farms had ample wants to be supplied, and (bus each succeeding year witnessed an additional amount of travel through Dunstable from the up- country. This gradually led to a system of hostelry on the river road, so extensive as to be not only a source of profit, hut a social influence. The old- fashioned tavern is known lo the young people id' to- day onlj in .1 legendary sense, but from 1775 to 1825 it was practically an institution of marked promi- nence in this town. The first tavern in Dunstable for the accommoda- tion of the up-country people and their teams was opened by Deacon William Hunt in 1759. It was a large, square, two-story house, and stood on the east side of the Lowell road, two ami a half miles below the city hall, on the site of the present "Elm House." The two barns, forming a right-angle, were on the opposite side of the road. Deacon Hunt was a man of worth and ability, lie was for many years a town official and a member of I he Slate < 'on von lion which, in 1788, ratified the national constitution, denial, but not loquacious, be was a popular inn-keeper, and in the winter often twenty or more wayfarers sou for themselves and their teams at his hostelry. We must not omit io mention that the' deacon, though a church official, kept a liar, which was well supplied with Medford rum. The temperance -ciitiiuent had not then been developed in Now England. "Flip" wai lie high-toned beverage of those days; but "black-strap," a compound of rum and brown sugar, sold at threi was the usual be the farmer and teamster. The flimsy subterfuges of modern times were not needed, and the deaeon's decanter- st 1 boldly on the shelf inviting patron- age. There would have been more drinking had money been plenty and the times less serious. But the pub- lie mind was excited, and often when night set in the Blanchards, Lovewells, Lunds and manj ol zens gathered at Deacon Hunt's spacious bar-room to discuss I lie state of the country and the events of the day. There was no division of opinion. The lyrauii} ol King George, the Stamp Act and the Tea Tax were vigorously denounced. When the Revolutionary War was ended the rapid increase of Havel led to an increase of tavci tain Benjamin French opened apublic-house nearthe Tyngsborough line, where Alfred P. Kendall now lives. Il was a good 1 ication. Timothy Taylor kept the first tavern on the north side of the Nashua River, and the building isthe ell of the present Indian Head House ; while Cummings L'ollard, at the "Centre," Offered shelter for man and beast on lie; premi • QOVi occupied by .Mrs. Godfrey. In 1801 the travel on this line of road received a new impulse from the completion of the second New Hampshire turnpike, which extended from Clare- 172 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. liiont to Amherst. Teams from a portion of Central Vermont began to ]>ass over this route, and instead of the two-horse coach of Joseph Wheat, which made a weekly trip from Amherst to Boston and back with- out a change of horses, a line of four-horse coaches be- gan to run triweekly from Windsor, Yt., to Boston, returning on alternate days. Large droves of cattle and sheep went to market over the road, and the amount of freight in both directions soon became so large that six-horse teams were employed at all sea- sons of the year. Ox-teams grew out of use, and when the tanner, ignoring' tin- professional teamster, still continued in winter to take his own produce to market, lie used the double "pung" with steel shoes an inch thick. The winter was still the harvest-time of the Dun- stable tavern-keepers. It was essentia] to give a com- fortable, home-like aspect to the premises. The first requisite was a bar-r i of ample size, and a fire- place in winter equally ample, from which in cold weather the oak-wood lire should send forth its glow- ing warmth. The floor was well swept, and the old clock ticked slowly in the ner. and a1 one end of the room was the alluring liar, with its row of decanters on the shelf behind, while the tin drainer on the counter had a display of tumblers, mugs and toddy- sticks. In the fire-place the loggerhead was kept at white heat to do speedy service when needed. There were days in December and January when an un- broken procession, a mile in length of two, lour and six-horse teams left the Dunstable taverns for the lower markets, and a like procession started for the up-country. There were in L808 nine taverns between lie' Indian Head House and the Massachusetts line, and their reputation for good cheer was such that the Vermont teamsters usually contrived to be over- taken by night in their vicinity. No doubt there were jovial nights at these old-time hostelries when, after a hard day's drive, the teamsters, having sheltered and fed their tired horses, sat down in front of a blazing lire !•■ recounl (be incidents of the day, the probabilities .if the Weather and the ii esof the market. After supper, the drought id' the summer, the superiority of Vermont farms and horses, and the probabilities ofawarwith England ited till the ten strokes of the old clock announced the hour for sleep. But there wen' other gatherings al these old-time taverns than those of the traveling public. The far- mers ..f that day bad few sources of general informa- tion. During the heavy snows of the winter they would gather in the afternoon at some central bar- r n and talk id' local news. — the marriages, births, deaths, sickness and accidents of the vicinity, and of those among their down- country friends, the land from whence they cam.', ami to which they made occasional pilgrimages. These were not mere gatherings of bar- room loafers, hut of industrious and honest fanners, dressed in sheeps' gray frocks, reaching just below the knees, the enterprising and shrewd business men of the town ; and the ambitious young politicians came together to discuss questions of town management, to spout, talk and wrangle about the laying out id' roads, the building of bridges, the locating of school-houses ami the building of a new meeting-house. It was here that many a young man took his initiation in public speaking, and felt his first aspiration for public office and honors. But with all the advantages of the old-time taverna in entertaining the traveling public, the liar was then, as now, the cause of suffering to many families, and of ruin to many a man of feeble will ami strong appetite. Such was the custom of those days, every- body drank a glass of flip, egg-nog or Mime cheaper mixture of Medford rum before leaving the tavern for home. Men id' strong will and thoughtful self-respect went no farther than the conventional glass. Rut with many the habit grew into an over-masi, ring ap- petite-. There were not a few men in Dunstable who became drunkards, bringing upon themselves financial and physical ruin under the influence of a custom which at that lime was sanctioned by the church and ministry. The toper of eighty years ago had the peculiarities of the inebriate of to-day, and resorted to tin same pretexts. " Uncle Joe," as be was familiarly called, had been reduced to penury by his bibatory habits. The landlord at the "Centre" village could get his pay for drink only by chores. Uncle Joe on his way to dinner parsed by the tavern daily, ami the habit of taking an appetizing drain had become irresistible. But the landlord grew tired and refused to supply him unless he could give a satisfactory reason why he should I"' gratified. Uncle Joe's ingenuity was now- taxed to the utmost, but a bad cold, rheumatism, no appetite, a weak stomach ami a long catalogue of excuses for a time answered. At length he was driven to a repetition of his list of maladies. The landlord saw his opportunity, and indignantly ordered Uncle Joe not to call tor another drink till he could name a sufficient cause for so doing. For two days he passed the tavern without calling, but on the third he walked up the bar with a sad countenance. " Land- lord," said Uncle due. " I must have a drink to-day, for my wife is going t" line saH fish lor dinner 1 " The year 1803 was the beginning of a new era in the history of Dunstable. Hitherto the only sem- blance l" a village in the town was at the " Centre," as the cluster ofhouses at the old meeting-house was called. It was really up to this time the business centre for the townspeople, having a tavern, store, three or four shops am! several dwellings. The new post-otlice, just established, was also located there. But during the previous year Robert Fletcher had started a store at Indian Head, Timothy Taylor had already opened a tavern, John Lund had a dwelling- house where G. \Y. Perham now resides, and several new buildings were this season in progress. Added to this, Mr. Fletcher completed in June a canal-boat, of singular structure, for the transportation of goods on the Merrimack River. The enterprise was favor- ably regarded. It was launched on the 4th of July, and the event was celebrated by a public meeting with an oration by Daniel Abbott, a young lawyer, who had just opened an office at the Centre. A landing was fitted up for the boat near the junc- tion of the Nashua River with the Merrimack. With due ceremony it was named the "Nashua," and the new village, a mile up the river westward, which had hitherto been known as •■Indian Head," received for the first time the name of Nashua village. The village thus incorporated had its earliest build- ings around Abbott Square. But the tendency of business was toward the river. In September of 1803 the long, low building afterwards known as the "Old Tontine" was built, and soon after occupied by Daniel Abbott, who removed his office from the Cen- tre ; by Dr. Elias Maynard, physician ; Deacon James Patterson, bookbinder; and Joseph clement-, saddler. This building stood near the head of what is now railed Main Street, and from it two roads led north- ward,— one directly north toward Concord, the other northwest toward Amherst. These tine, were the only highways then existing, except a rough road down the north bank of Nashua River to the boat- house and ferries. At the Harbor in 1803 there were only three dwell- ing-houses. On the south side of the Salmon Brook there were two small cottages; while on the north side, more than forty years before, General Noah Love- well had built the two-story house he st ill occupied. Afterwards it was for many year- the residence of Hon. Jesse Bowers. It is on the east side of Main Street, close to the brook, and is the oldest two-story dwelling-house in tin' city, having been built in ITo'J. The entire frame and much of the other materials of this house were taken from what was known as the " Bird meeting-house," which was built by Jonathan Lovewell and others in 1747. The front-door is to-day bhesame as when ii was taken from the meeting-house, retaining its unusual width and antiquated panels. In L803 there was an unbroken forest of dwarf jiines from Genera] Lovewell's house to the north side of Nashua River. Mrs. Elizabeth Butterfield, now in her ninety-first year, was at that time eight years of age, ami lived with her parents on the south side of SalmonBrook. She very distinctl) remembers that in going alone over the lonely road between tin- Harbor and the Nashua bridge, a half-mile with a dense thicket on both sides, she naturally moved with timid and nimble feet. Three years later her father, Mr. John Whittle, bought eight tores on the east side of Main Street, and built the house at. the corner of Main and Tyler Streets, now owned by his grandson, Edward G. Tyler. The next year a small house was built and occupied by Dr. Peter Howe, on the lot now- occupied by the Noyes block. The ne\l year, 1804, a further impulse was given to tin growth of the new village by the completion and opening of the Middlesex Canal, extending from the basin at Charlestown to the bead of Pawtucket balls, at Chelmsford. This opened a direct communication bj water with Boston, and heavy freight could reach that market at less cost than Salem and Newburyport. The same year Samuel Foster opened a store on the lot north of the Indian Head tavern, and several buildings were erected near the Nashua bridge. At the Harbor, Isaac Marsh built and occupied as a tavern the house now owned by Mrs. Morrill, just south of the bridge. Soon after. Israel Hunt, Sr., came from Dracut, and built the first house beyond the bridge on (In- west side. The promise of growth in Nashua village began to attract the attention of active and enterprising young men. In 1808, Joseph Greeley, and s t after, his two brothers, Ezekiel and Alfred, came from Hudson and r!u:-agrd in transport imj- g Is by boating from the head of Middlesex Canal to the Nashua River. A few years later they opened a store opposite the Indian Head tavern, in the building now used as a carriage store-house. The Nashua bridge was rebuilt and raised considerably above its former level, reducing the steepness of the road from the river to Abbott Square. Between 1800 and 1810 the population of Dunstable increased from eight hundred and sixty-two to one thousand and forty-nine, — again of one hundred and eighty-Seven. This was not a rapid growth loi a Now Hampshire town at that period, and nine-tenths of this gain was in the new village and on the river road. In population this town was still lagging behind her ueighbors, the census of L810 showing Hudson to have thirteen hundred and seventy-six, and Hollis fifteen hundred and twenty-nine inhabitants. The condition of the people of the town, however, had been greal \\ impro: ed. Events between 1810 and 1820.— In the decade between 1810 and 1820 lie- growth of Dunstable was disturbed by event- some of a national, and others of a local character. The war with Great Britain, of course disturbed the whole nation; the cold seasons of 1815 and 1816 were not harmful beyond New Eng- land, and were most severely li-b in Maine and New Hampshire. The second war with Great Britain began in 1812, and continued three years. It originated in a series of aggressions upon American commerce by British ships of war. Some of our merchant vessels were fired into and many of our seamen were forcibly car- ried into captivity. Dunstable furnished some soldiers for our army on the Canadian frontier, ami in the autumn of 1814 sent a dozen men to Portsmouth which was thought to be in peril from an attack by the British fleet. The attack was not made, and the men after sixty days returned home. Six weeks later the war was terminated by the brilliant victory of 174 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. General Jackson at New Orleans, on the 8th of Jan- uary, 1815. Though Dunstable suffered very little from the loss of men, yet the depression of business from the loss of foreign trade was such that the town made little progress during its continuance. Th re- turn of peace was hailed with great joy. Mr. Jeffer- son, then living, said, " The first war with England gave us existence; it required the Becond to give us independence." The cold period included the two years 1815 and 1816. In 1815 winter lingered in the lap of spring, and the summer was so damp and cold that tin- corn and fruit crops were very scanty. But 1816 was far more dis. "iiniu ing to the farmer. < >n the 6th day of June, when the Legislature met at Concord, there was a brisk tall of snow, followed by two frosty mornings. As the record may be of interesl to the reader, we give the following schedule of tie 1 cold weather for tin' three summer months of 1816, as re- corded by John Farmer, of Concord, — "June <'■. — SiH'W squalls. "June 1" -- Frosl lafll night, ".tune 11.— 1 1 '11 ■■' n. " July 10.— Frosl on Low ground. '■ August 22.— "\ ery li.nw frost." Thus passed thesummer. Early and severe Septem- ber frosts so far destroyed the corn crop that hardly a bushel of sound kernels could have been found in the State had there not been plained a very few acres of that very early variety, called "Canada" corn. There would have been a famine in New Hampshire that winter had it not been for the moderate crop of hay and an unusually good crop of rye, the former feeding the live-stock and the latter supplying the people with bread. The effect of these two cold summers in was to lead many a farmer to the conclusion licit it was vain to think of raising: their bread in New Hamp- shire, and hence they had better remove to the West, where a more generous climate gave assui u unfailing- plenty. The "Ohio fever" began to show itself in every town in theState. Not less than fifteen hundred families removed westward in the two years following the "colli summer" of 1816. A dozen families left Dunstable for the "Far West," as Ohio was then called. Another did season would have led to a still greater emigration. But in 1817 there came warm winds from tin- South in March, and the snow disappeared early. The sum- mer month- hail no frosts, no chilling gales, no drought. Corn and other crops were abundant. The tanners took courage, and at the close of this dee; Dunstable had a hopeful outlook for the future. The gain for the past ten years had been small. In 1810 the population was one thousand and forty-nine; in 1820 it was eleven hundred and forty-two, a gain ol ninety-three only. The adjacent towns had done no heller. There were few local events between 1810 and 1820 of marked importance. In is 1 1 the post-office, estab- lished eight years previous, was removed from Pol- to the Harbor, and located in the house of Israel Hunt, Sr. General Noah Lovewell continued to lie postmaster till his death in 1820, when John M. Hunt succeeded him. In 1812 the old meeting-house which for sixty years had stood in the triangle opposite < himmings Pollard's tavern had become dilapidated. It had no In Ifry or hell.no plastering, and the bats at night flitted beams and ratter- So the town voted to build a new and first-class edifice for public worship. It was located nearly half a mile nearer to Nashua village, and on the lot jti-t below the cemetery. The raising of the frame took [dace on the Fourth of July. It was a notable occasion, and nearly every man and hoy in town, and half of the women and children wire present. The women had provided a bountiful col- lation. John Whittle was the master-carpenter, and greatly to his annoyance, Parson Kidder made a prayer of an hour's length. But at ten o'clock the huge broadsides lay in readi- ness to he raised. The stout yeomanry of Dunstable ranged themselves sidi bj side. The master-builder gave the word. "All ready," and, aided by his en- couraging -bouts, the heavy broadside -low 1\ rises till nearly erect; then it moves slowly, and a liu-li comes over the anxious crowd, till the huge posts settle firmly into their resting-places. The spectators now breathe freely, and the workmen, now coni not laggard. Before on.- o'clock the frame of the main structure is in position. The lunch follow- and is found to he ample; and long before tin- rays of the setting sun have departed, the roof, with it- crofl ning frame-work of a steeple towering above, is firmly in its place. 'flu- edifice, years after known as the did South meeting-house, was spacious and well finished, ha\ ing three doors in front, a tall spire and a clear-toned hell. For twenty year- it was well tilled on Sundays; hut the rapid growth of Nashua village, and the con- centration of the population around the mills and work-shops, led to the building of new- churches in -'. the city proper. The old meeting-house nl soon after wa- -old and removed. In 1820 the orchard- of Dunstable yielded three time- the crop of apples that are now raised in town. Every well-to-do farmer had a large and thrifty orchard. There was no grafted fruit and no market for the abundant 'top other than the cider-mill. What leaps of red and yellow apples Were pill d up at every farm-house! What crowded bins shone with the golden fruit around every cider-mill! With what avidity the hoys on an October afternoon around Deacon Leach's, Isaac Powers' and Clifton Lund's cider-mills! How the cog-wheels did their crushing work, while the old horse dragged round and round the creaking sweep! How the wooden 175 levers compressed the cheese, neatly inclosed in fresh straw, until the gushing juice flowed in streams fromitssides! Then everyurchin with oaten straws surrounded the tub, and showed a capacity for suc- tion only surpassed by the modern -team fire-engine! Corn-huskings, however, were the grandest amuse- ment of the harvest season. Usually, they were on the pleasant evenings of October. Often fifty or sixty attended, representing every neighborhood of the town. hi rings were largely made up of grown boys and girls, young men and their wives, and enough of the old folks to give dignity to the occasion. The corn was piled up in the centre of the capacious barn- floor, and around the heap were seated the jovial huskers. The barn was spectrally lighted by sus- pended lanterns. Great ardor was exhibited in pur- suit of the red ear. Usually LI was found by some swain whose excessive bashfulness caused the utmost merriment. An hour before midnight the pile was finished, and the golden ears stowed in the garret. Then came the supper. There were great dishes of beans, and Indian puddings, pumpkin pies, pewter platters full of doughnuts, sweet cakes, fruit and cheese, rider, and, thanks to the sensible farmers, generally nothing stronger. After supper came the fun and frolic. Some engaged in dancing, and others in a variety of rustic games. So merrily passed the time that the small hours were more than reached before the party disbanded. Who can blame them? It was the fitting time to be jubilant, for peai e, pi titj and health abounded. CHAPTER XI. NASHUA— [Continued). GROWTH OF MANUFACTTTRES AND TRADE. Nashua Village in 1820 — Ferry-Boats — The Water-Power and Canal— [teligi isSocietiw S be Uauufacturii i mpanj I 1:H|I; . , . , r r.i.' i ' -i i-Miie -Visl i'l l.uuvll Rail- road— Rapid Growth in Population .''"i Trad) — List ol Merchants in ; i ■ , . . i , — i . - r i - 1 : \|.ij— I ./_..! ' h ,,,-, ,.i N.ituL- !<-> Nii-liua. Very few of the citizens of Nashua who were ac- tively in business here sixty-five years ago are now living. Thomas Chase, Esq., now in his eighty-eighth year, and with memory unimpaired, is an exception, Mr. i lhase came to Nashua from Dunbarton in 1819, and has resided here ever since, and until within ten years has been constantly in business. We are in- debted to him for much reliable information in regard to Nashua village at the period when the water-power began to be used for manufacturing purposes. In 1820, when the United States census was taken, there were returned from Dunstable one meeting- house, nine school districts and houses, six taverns, five store.-, three saw-mills, three grist-mills, one tan- nery and one carding and fulling-mill. At that time Nashua village was small in size and limited in busi- ness. It contained ,-ix two-story houses, three of which were dwelling-house-, ami ale still standing on the north side of Abbott Square. One was oc- cupied by Colonel Joseph Greeley, and is now the residence of John 11. Barr; one was the residence of 1 >aniel Abbott. Esq., and is now owned and occu- pied by (i. \V. Perham; the third was owned ami oc- cupied by Sally Lund, ami is now the residence of B. F. Kendrick. The landlord of the Indian Bead tavern was Aaron Man-ur. who was soon after suc- ceeded by Moses Tyler, On the east si. 1 Main Street, just north of the present Lowell depot, was a large house built by Robert Fletcher. It had been , verted into a tavern, and was kept by Joseph Higgins. Some years later it was moved to the north side of what is now Railroad Square, and will be re- membered by the older resident,- a- the Central I [ouse. Of the live stoic- in 1820, one was kept by Samuel Foster in the building now occupied by G. II. Brig- ham, on the south side of Abbott Square; was kept by Mose- Foster, jusl north of the Indian Head tavern'; the third was kept by .I.E. A A.Greeley, opposite the above-named tavern ; the fourth was at the Harbor, and kept by Israel A- John M. Hunt, where the post-office was then located ; the fifth was that ol William F. Boynton, at the - Centre," on the site now occupied by the 'nam of Mrs. Godfrey. Mi'. Boynton kept a large me-, ellaueous stock, and had a larger business than any other trader until the build- ing of the mills. 'the Harbor, by using the water-power of Salmon Brook Falls, hail at that time an equal advantage with Nashua, village for manufactures. Israel Hunt, Sr., had a saw and grist-mill, Isaac Marsh manufactured scythes, E F. [ngallsmade hoes in the shop after- wards occupied by A. H. Sander-, Jacob Hall was a wheelwright, Stephen Bates a baker, and Enoch Dick- erman carded wool and lulled cloth near the Allds bridge. At the Nashua village, just above the bridge, .bones Patterson put lip a grist-mill on the north, and Willard -Mar-hall a saw-mill on the south side of the The annual town-meetings continued formanyyears to be held at the eld South meeting-house, a mile nnd a half below tiie city hall. The line of stages between Boston and Windsor, Vt., continued to run tri-weckly, passing through Francestown, Hillsbor- ough and < Uaremont ; but there was no stage-line nor any kind of public conveyance between Dunstable and Concord. Hopkinton was the half-shire town of Hillsborough County, and Lawyer Abbott, Sheriff Bowers and all the Dunstable men who wen o un- fortunate as to have '•cases" in court rode to Hop- kinton on horseback. For a time, water for the lower part of the vil- lage was obtained in aw ien pipe from Artillery Pond; but the supply proving irregular and insuffi- cient, the villagers formed a company and procured water by a lead pipe from Danforth's spring, a mile 176 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. north of the bridge on Wot ('munril road, [tgavea fair supply for the small number then living in the village. There was no fire-engine in town, and fires at the village were 1 fought liy lines of men and women passing buckets from hand to hand. The village had no hand of music, and none was needed during spring and early summer, lor the inhabitants of Artillery Pond gave a free, open-air concert every evening. The large area south of the Nashua River, now included in Wards Five, Six and Seven, was still a forest of dwarf pines, with only the houses of John Whittle, Dr, Howe and William Hastings, on Main Street, between Nashua River and the Harbor, in L821 the citizens joined in setting out shade-trees at the Harbor, on Abbott Square and on both sides of Main Street. The trees transplanted were mostly elms. Among the young men who took part were Thomas Chase, S. B. Tyler, Israel Hunt, Jr., B. F. French and Alfred Greeley. Few of these trees are now standing; but notably surviving is the large elm at the Acton railroad cross- ing, and several sycamores at Abbott Square. At that time there was no bridge aero-,, the Merri- mack between Pawtucket Falls, at Lowell, and Amos- keag Falls, at Derryfield. The ferry between Dun- stable and Hudson, known as Hamblett's ferry, was just above the present Rochester railroad bridge. The road leading to the ferry from Main Street is the present Hollis Street. As the merchants in summer obtained their goods by the canal-boats, a store-house was built at the terry for their safe keeping. In the spring, when the ice was breaking, it was dangerous, and for a few days impossible, to cross over the river to Hudson at Hamblett's ferry, and in L824 the ferry- man, Noah Lund, was drowned while crossing with a small drove of cattle. For a century and a half there had been only one religious denomination in Dunstable, — the Congrega- tionalists. There had been considerable disagreement in the church for many years, the " Pdanehard party " adhering rigidly to the doctrines of Calvinism, and the "Lovewell party" adopting the views of White- held, or Arminianisin. Much of the time the town had been without a settled minister. Meanwhile, the people for the past fifty years had listened to the preaching of the venerable Joseph Kidder. Soon after his death, in 1822, the first Baptist Society was organized. For ten years it was few in numbers and without a church edifice. In 1*24 the Unitarian Society was formed and had regular religious services. The church they now oc- cupy was built in L827, Rev. Nathaniel Gage being ordained as the first pastor. Introduction of Manufactures.— While they ex- isted as colonies, the people of this country were not permitted by the British government to introduce manufactures. After independence was gained the want of capital prevented their rapid introduction. Machinery for spinning cotton was hist used in Rhode Island in 1790, but the state of the country was not favorable to its growth. Yet.iu 1803 a cotton-factory was built at New Ipswich, and a few years later at Peterborough. Hillsborough, Pembroke and Jaffrey. These investments were only moderately successful. During the War of 1812, however, the need of home manufacturing was practically realized, and more care- ful and judicious efforts after its close led to the build- ing of mills with improved machinery at Waltham and Lowell. The success of the investment at Lowell attracted the attention of the more enterprising of the business men of Nashua village, and led them to inquire if the water-power of the Nashua River could not be utilized to advantage. The fall of water at Mine Falls was so great as to establish the certainty of a large manufac- turing capacity. The idea at first suggested was to build the mills at Mine Falls, three miles west of the village. Rut that locality was removed from the line of travel and business, and the adjacent grounds were less favorable for the site of a village. This led to the plan of bringing the water, by digging a canal from the falls, directly to the village. A survey was made and its practicability ascertained. Meanwhile, the few individuals wdio had investi- gated the plan formed an association, and in 1822 and 1823 purchased the greater portion of the lands lying on the river above Main Street as far as the falls. In June, 1823, a charter was granted to Daniel Abbott, Joseph Greeley, Moses Tyler and others by the name of the Nashua Manufacturing Company, with the right to increase their capital to one million dollars. The capital stock was at first fixed by them at three hundred thousand dollars, and was divided into three hundred shaies of one thousand dollars each. Of these. Daniel Abbott subscribed for thirty shares ; R. F. French, thirty shares; J. E. and A. Greeley, thirty shares; Foster & Kendrick, thirty shares; Moses Tyler, thirty shares; Augustus Peabody, of Salem, seventy-five shares; John Kendrick, of Bos- ton, fifteen shares; Daniel Webster, also of Boston, sixty shares. The stock, however, was not all taken till the next year, 1824, when capitalists in Boston and Salem took the remainder. Mr. Webster visited Nashua village, rode to Mine Falls, expressed great confidence in the enterprise, hut the sixty shares for which he sub- scribed were taken by a wealthy citizen of Boston, whose family still retains the stock. The dam at Mine Falls was built, and the excavation of the canal pushed forward to completion. It is about three miles in length, forty feetwide and ten feet deep, and affords a fall of thirty-six feet. In December. 1824, the ma- chine-shop was completed and went into operation. Ira i.t;iv, Esip, was appointed superintendent of the machine-shop, and Colonel William Boardman wheel- wright and engineer. The first factory (Mill No. 1,) of the Nashua corporation was built in 1825 and went into partial operation in the spring of 1826. In the mean time the trade from the up-country and from the adjacent towns began to centre in the village; in the fall of 1824 and the spring of 1825 fifty new dwelling-houses and tenements were erected. A new bridge over the Nashua River, on MainStreet. was built on account of the raisingof the water by the new dam. The canal, with the needed dam and locks of solid granite, twenty-lour feet high, were built in 1825, so that freight could reach the village and the mills by water transportation. In May, 1825, the lower water privilege, now occu- pied liy the Jackson Cotton Manufacturing Company, was bought by Charles C. Haven and others, under the name of the Indian Head Company, for the pur- pose of erecting woolen-factories. Mills were built in 1826 and were operated under the agency of Mr. Haven. But the company became embarrassed and the works stopped, and in 1828 the entire properly was sold to a new company, which was incorporated under the name of the Jackson Manufacturing Com- pany. The establishment was converted into a cot- ton manufactory, with four hundred and eighty thou- sand dollars capital stock. In 1S27 the Nashua Company built Mill No. 2, and put it in full operation in 1828. Both of the mills of this company were one hundred and fifty-five feel long and forty-five feet wid< — the first five, and the second six stories high. They ran eighteen thousand five hundred spindles and live hundred and forty looms. The first newspaper printed in this town was the Nashua Constellation, which was issued by Andrew E. Thayer in February, 1827. Mr. Thayer was a man of liter: ry taste and discipline, and had previously teen a teacher and bookseller in the village. He soon after sold the paper to Israel Hunt, Jr., who (hanged its name to the Nashua Gazette. It was at that time the first and only Democratic paper in the Up to the year 1825 the business, as well as the growth, of Nashua village had been entirely on tin' north side of the river. lint the building of the first cotton-mill and the erection of boarding-houses on the south side of the river had necessarily led to the laving out and the occupancy of several new streets on the same side Noticeably among them were Fac- tory. Water, Walnut and Chestnul Streets. With the exception of Factory, however, they were as yet little else than open lanes. < >n Factory Street several "ten-footers" were built in 1827, to catch the retail trade of the mill operators. It soon became a street of considerable importance. In 182(3 the Taylor's Falls bridge across the Mer- rimack to Hudson was built and opened for travel. Up to this time the people crossed by a ferry, there being no bridge between Lowell and Amoskeag. It was thirty-three rods in length, and cost twelve thou- sand dollars. It occupied the site of the present iron bridge, and it proved to be a great benefit to the pub- lic. The post-office was this year removed from the Harbor to the village, and for some years was kept at the corner of Main and Factory Streets. In 1830 the population of Dunstable had increased from eleven hundred and forty-two to two thousand four hundred and seventeen, having more than doubled its population .luring the decade. Nearly two-thirds of the people resided in the village Dun- stable now took its position as the most populous town in Hillsborough County. We have given in brief an outline of the condition of Dunstable from 1820 to 1830. Hitherto farming bad been the leading interest and almost sole occupa- tion of the inhabitants of the town. But this decade witnessed the introduction of the manufacturing en- terprises which have since made it a thrifty city of fifteen thousand people. Events from 1830 to 1840-Between 1830 ami 1840 the growth of Nashua village was far more rapid than at any previous period of her history. It was a decade of marked progress in all the elements of prosperity. The increase in population was an in- dex of her growth in manufactures and trade. In 1830 her population was 2417. In 1836 it was 5065. In 1838 it was 5691. By the United States census of 1840 it was 6054, — an increase of 150 per cent, in ten years. Of those employed in the cotton-mills, only a small per cent, were males, and the census divided the Bexes thus : Males, 2:122 ; females, 3732. The Nashua corporation, in 1836, built a third mill of a size corresponding with the two already in oper- ation. The company had now an aggregate of thirty- two thousand spindles and seven hundred and ten looms, and made nine million three hundred thousand yards ol cotton cloth annually. The number of female operatives was seven hundred ami eighty-four, all of American birth, ami one hundred and forty- nine males, seven of whom were foreigners. The first agent of the company was Asher Benjamin, who was succeeded by Ira (lay. Mr. Gay resigned and became superintendent of the machine and repair- shop al the head of Water Street. In 1835, Thomas W. (iillis became age f the Nashua Company, and held the position for eighteen years. He had risen from a picker-boj through the several grades of pro- motion, and had the advantage of a large practical experience. A decided improvement in the pros- perity of the company followed. The Jackson Manufacturing Company had two cot- ton-mills, each one hundred and fifty-five feet long. forty-seven feet wide and tour stories high. These mills had eleven thousand five hundred spindles, three hundred and eighty-eight looms and made five million six hundred thousand yards of cotton (loth annually. The head and fall of wafer was nineteen feet. The number of females employed w.as four hundred and seventeen, and of males, eighty-three. The first agent was Benjamin F. French. Mr. French was a lawyer by profession, having been in practice in Nashua village ten years, and had repre- 178 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. sented the town in the Legislature three years. Of course, lie was not a practical manufacturer, and the success of his management was due to his general ex- ecutive ability and his correct estimate of the ca- pacity of other men. Under him the fabrics of the Jackson Company gained a high reputation. The practical manager under Mr. French, and who con- tributed largelj to the success of the company, was David Gillis, afterwards for many years agenl oi the Amoskeag Mills, at Manchester. In 1832, Mr. French became agenl of the Boot! Mills, at Lowell, and was succeeded by Edmund Parker, of Amherst. Judge Parker was a sound lawyer and widely known as Probate for this county. He was popular in his general management, but had no special quali- fications as a manufacturer. The Nashua and Lowell Railroad Company was incorporated in 1836, and the work upon it com- menced in is::;. It was opened for the use of pas- sengers October 8, 1838. Its length is fourteen miles n hundred and twenty-nine feet, of which me-quarter miles are in this State. It was railroad-track laid in New Hampshire, and its completion added largely to the business ,,f Nashua. There were three passenger-trains to Boston. For sonic years it had a single track, and its original cost wasabout four hundred thousand dollars. Theoriginal hoard of directors were Dani.l Abbott and Jesse Bow- ers, Nashua; Charles H. Atherton, Amherst; Henry Upton and Henry Simmins, Boston. Daniel Abbott was president; Charles J. Fox, treasurer; and ( Inslow iperintendent. tord Railroad \\ as completed lour years later (September 1. 1842), having a length of thirty- four miles ami three thousand and forty-eight feet. Its capital stock was originally eight hundred thousand dollars, hut has been increased to one million live hundred thousand dollars. It has always paid ten per cut. per annum. Its first officers were Addison Gilmore, pn tsurer; and N. G. Upham, superintendent. The Nashua Bank (the first banking institution organized in the town) unit into operation in 1835, with Daniel Abbott president and John M. Hunt cashier. Its directors were Jesse Bowers, Jesse Estey, Zebadiah Shattuck, James Pierce and Isaac Spalding. lis capital was one hundred thousand dollars. John M. Hunt was cashier during its entire exi about thirty years. It was a profitable institution, am] closed its business on the introduction of the pi esenl national hanking system. 'flic second newspaper in Nashua, the Nashua Telegraph, was established in 1832 by Alfred Beard. After his death, which soon occurred, it was owned and edited by his twin brother, Albin Heard, till his death, in 1862. It advocated the views of the Whig party, and was, politically, the opponent of the Nashua Gazette, then owned and edited by Charles P. Danforth. In the summer of 1833, General Jackson, having been re-elected to the Presidency, visited New ling- land lor the first time. Reaching Boston the middle of June, he accepted the invitation to visit the capital of New Hampshire, the Legislature being at that time in session. He was met by « tovernor DinsmooPs staff at the State line, four miles below this village. Having hit Lowell at an early hour, he reached Nashua at eight, and breakfasted at the Washington Hon e then kepi by Thomas Chase. He was the first President who \ isited Nashua. The rapid growth of the manufacturing industries of the village, the facilities for obtaining goods from Boston by water transportation and the prospective completion of a railway from that city began to attract the attention of enterprising business men in the ad- jacent towns. Isaac Spalding, who had been a suc- cessful trader at Amherst, had already remove! here and engaged in general merchandise till he went into tield of railroad enterprise, in 1838. In 1833, J. CD idge, oi the well-known firm of Clark & Dodge, Francestown, removed here, and, forming a partnership with Albert McKean, then a yon of twenty-three years, commenced a win.: retail trade in the large wooden building then occu- - te south of the present Lowell depot. W. D. Beasom and Elbridge G. Peed opened a dry-goods store on Factory Street in 1836. Several men of note in mechanism and in the professions also came here at this time. 'fbe amount of trade had increased so largely that in 1840 there were fifty stores and shops for trading purposes in the village. From the "Directory," pub- lished at that time, we collect the names of a majority of the merchants who were then in active business, whom are still residents of the city. " H". -i India ■■ fl \ a \ it. Kean, Reed i Spald- ing, Kendrick A Tuttle, Hush .Janiwoii, FIiikc A Abbott, Kimball & a Hubbard, N Kendall A I o., G W. Perham, Welton A Phillips, Robinson a Pati b, I G Ga ran a Reed, Merrill & Kimball, E. P. Hoa r, W. I: Graves, H, !■' Com l Phil- brii k a Marshall, Gage & I '1-..-.., Rool a I ! t. 1< ugs .am/ 1/ dicines, w . : i. 1'. UiMiham. ■-•'.<•.< ,..„.' Tinware, Re u1.hu Irii li. Jann a Hartshorn. Tailoring and If, .1 Chapman, C. H. Nutt, J. W. Windus Booi-Sfores, C. T. Gill, A. E. in Hosmer. l„.,.ts „„■! M,..,s, siim.11.1- a Goodwin, W 1 A.i Taylor, E. B. Hines. Hard and Glauuarce, V. a C Win. 1 ' . After the lapse of forty-five years it is not surpris- ing that only three of the above business men are still ; i:e same occupation, namely, Henry J. Chapman, Charles T. Ridgway and John Coggin. Mr. C. H. Nutt is still in active business, but of a different kind. In 1840 there had also been a large increase in the number of professional men in the village. There were recorded the names of eight physicians, — Kben- ezer 1 >earborn, Elijah Colburn, Micab Eldridge, Josiah ti. Graves, Edward Spalding, Josiah Kittredge, Evan B. 1 bo 1, Stephen Spear. NASHUA. There were also eight lawyers, — Daniel Abbott, Charles F.Gove, A.aron F. Sawyer, < lharles G. Ather- ton, George Y. Sawyer, Peter Clark, Jr., Charles J Fox, Benjamin F. Emerson. There wereseven clergymen at thattime, — Jonathan MiC.r. Austin Richards. < 'ongregationalists ; Imra I). Pratt, Baptist ; Samuel < tsg 1, Unitarian ; Samuel Kelly, Methodist ; Lewis < '. Browne, Universalist ; Thomas M. Preble, Free-Will Baptist. All of the lawyers and clergymen in the above list, except Rev. L. C. Browne are dead ; but of the doctors, three are still active citizens ami residents of theeity, through retired from practice, namely, Edward Spalding, Evan B. Hammond and .Tosiah G. < rraves. Several of the attorneys in the above list were men ofnoti andability. Charles F. Gove wasanativeof Goflstown. In 1840 he was Attorney-General ofthe State, and soon after became a judge of the Superior Court. The last position he resigned to become superintendent of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad, which he held till near his death, in 1856. He was a man of marked traits, stein, resolute, exacting, yet discriminating, impartial and honorable. As a judi- cial officer lie rendered the State excellent service by his firm execution ofthe laws. Charles G. Atherton belonged to a wealthy and ar- family, and had the advantage of an early and thorough training. He began practice here, and soon after represented the town in the Legislature. Hi' entered Congress in his thirty-fourth year, was six years a member of the House, and died during his second term in the United States Senate, in No- v. ml iir, 1853, and in the forty-ninth year of his age. His political reputation is clouded by his sub- serviency to the slave power. Charles James Fox was born in Antrim in 1811, graduated in 1881, commenced practice in Nashua in 1834, entered the Legislature in 1837, and was associated with Judges Joel Parker and S. D- Bell in revising the laws of this State. He had great industry and had prepared notes for the " His- tory of the Old Township of Dunstable," bul his tailing health and death, in February, 1846, prevented the completion of the work, as he intended. It was published after his decease, but failed to do justice to his ability. George Y. Sawyer was born in Wakefield in 1805, commenced the practice of law at Laconia, and re- moved to Nashua in 1834. He soon attained a high professional standing and extensive practice, and as a member of the Legislature hail great influence in giving direction to its action. In 1855 he was ap- pointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas and afterwards of the Supreme Judicial Court. He died in 1882. In closing this review of Nashua in 1840, we must not omit to call attention to what half of the people now resident here are not aware of, — that fifty years ago the present name of our city had no legal exist- ence wlia(e\ er. More than two centuries ago, when that "merry King of England,'' Charles the See I, ruled over our forefathers, emigrants from Massachu- setts settled on the intervales above and below the mouth of Salmon Brook. A town charter with the name Dunstable was given to these funis. After- wards, in 174ii, the colonial government of New Hampshire renewed the charter and indorsed the name Dunstable. When New Hampshire h independent State the town of Dunstable chose a delegate to the convention to frame the- constitution under which we live. But in 1836 this same town, through her representatives in the Legislature, peti- tioned for a change of name. The petition was certainly reasonable, for the village on the Nashua River, which had grown up within a generation, now included five-sixths of the population, and was uni- versally known and recognized as the village of "Nashua," while practically the name of Dunstable was becoming unused and unknown. The petition, therefore, was granted by tin-passage ofthe following "Si ' o 'i Be in Genera] Court i of Hillsborough, - 1 known in law by tin- na uf Nashua. ' Approved Dec. 8, 1836. Thus on New Year's Day, 1837, this city, then a town, legally received, and for many a century, we trust, will retain its present name. — NASHUA. CHAPTER XII, NASHUA I-'IIUM ism To [sill Tlio Tulilir Sri Is — A -Inn;. liis.iL-i'. ■.■in.-nt-Thi- N. •»■ Town of Nash- ville Nashua Town Hall— New Railroads— Increase of Business — NashTilli Be a City— New Enterprises— Bobbin and Slinltli -Works— Iron- Works -Irish Emi -ration— Aili.'iia'inn. The growth of Nashua village between 1840 and 1850, though less rapid than for the ten years previous, was very satisfactory. The educational interests of the town i e 'ei ved ii lore at ten! ion, better school buildings were provided and the selection of teachers made with more care. In 1840 the superintending school com- mittee were Rev. Samuel Osgood, Dr. Edward Spal- ding and Rev. L. ( '. Browne. For several years pic\ ious and afterwards the two first-named members continued their supervision, and aided largely in establishing a systematic method of school manage- ment. In 1840 the amount expended in the public schools was three thousand four hundred and eleven dollars. There were seventeen schools and twenty-six teachers. The number of children of school age was ISO HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. fourteen hundred and fifty-two, but the a tendance was only seven hundred and eighty-eight. The greater per cent, of negligence was among the families who had recently become residents. In the spring of 1840, David Crosby established a private school under the title of the Nashua Literary Institution. In any other occupation Mr. Crosby would have beei iderately successful, but he had rare qualities as an instructor. He loved the duties of the schoolroom, and for more than forty years devoted himself exclusively to the instruction of the young, and with a fidelity and success rarely equaled. At the annual town-meeting in March, 1842, held, as heretofore, at the Old South meeting-house, it was the popular expression that a growing village ha\ ing already more than six thousand inhabitants ought to have within its limits a public building, suitable for holding its annual ami other meetings, and avoiding the inconvenience of a mile's travel outside the vil- lage. It was therefore unanimously voted to build a town-house. A building committee w as elected, con- sisting of Leonard W. Noyes, Thomas Chase, Israel Hunt, Jr., Franklin Fletcher and Samuel Shepherd. It was soon evident that the location of the build- ing would be a source of contention, — the voters 0D both sides of the Nashua River claiming it without reservation. An adjourned meeting was, therefore, held, at which every voter expressed his preference by a monosyllabic ballot. Those in favor of locating the hall on the north side of the river voted "North,'' anil those in favor of a location on the south side voted "South." The result was: Ballots for the north side, three hundred ami ninety-six; ballots for the south side, live hundred and eighty-two. So the popular vote showed a majority of one hundred and eighty-six tin- locating the town hall on the south side of the river. This settled the location of the Nashua town hall; but it did not settle the dissension it had called forth. The patricians on the north sideofthe river, in truth everybody on that side of the Nashua, was thoroughly indignant. It was not enough that they had secured the railroad station, they must have the town hall or they would not consent to remain as fellow-townsmen with the victorious anil probably rather boastful majority. So they at once announced that at the coming session of the Legislature they should petition to he set apart as a distinct and separate town, under the name of Nashville. As no opposition was made, the Legisla- ture granted the petition by the passage of an act on the 23d of June, 1842, making that part of Nashua north of Nashua River "a separate and corporate town to he known by the name of Nashville." Tin.' two towns now went quietly forward with their distinct organizations. No disturbance ever after occurred between them during the eleven years of separation which followed. When the temporary excitement had passed, doubtless a majority of the intelligent cilizens realized that the two towns, s,, closely identified in all their interests, should never have been separated. The building committee of Nashua completed the tow Q-house, the location of which had been the cause of so much contention, in the spring' of 184.'!, at a cost of twenty-two thousand six hundred dollars. It is the edifice now so well known as the city hall. It stands to-dav just as it was finished forty-two years ago. That it has stood the test of constant use for so long a time without the reconstruction of a single partition or staircase is a compliment to the committee. The building is sixty-six by ninety feet. The basement is for the use of the police department. The first-story contains, in front, the offices of the city clerk and city marshal. Next are the roomsofthe mayor and alder- men and the common council. In the rear is the County Court-room. The second story is the public hall, seventy feet long, sixty-three feet wide and twenty- four feet high. It will scat twelve hundred people. The attic is used by the assessors and for storage. 'flic heighl of the 1 mil ding to the top of the cupola is one hundred feet. The Nashua Oasis, a weekly literary and miscel- laneous newspaper, was issued by Murray & Sawtelle in January, 1843, by Murray & Kimball to 1849, by Dodge & Noyes till 1855, and by S. II. Noyes till 1858. It was conducted with considerable ability and literary taste, and during its eighteen years' pub- lication secured a fair circulation. In 1844 the Nashua Manufacturing Company built Mill No. 4. It was one hundred and ninety-eight feet long, fifty feet wide and live stories high. After the completion of this mill this corporation em- ployed one thousand hands — eight hundred and fifty females and one hundred and fifty males. It used ten thousand bales of cotton and manufactured thir- teen million yards of cloth annually. The company bad built forty tenements for the overseers and board- ing-houses. The Worcester and Nashua Railroad Company was incorporated in 1845. The road was opened December 8, 1848, having a length of forty-five miles, and a cap- ital of one million five hundred thousand dollars. The Wilton Railroad was commenced in 1847 and completed to Wilton in 1851, having a length of sixteen miles. Between 1840 and 1850 a large number of dwelling- houses and stores were built in the village, but very few of them were of an expensive class. The school buildings and the railroad stations were mostly wooden, and none of the large brick blocks now erected on Main Streel bad been built. In I860, of the nine churches, all of them Protestant, only two were built of brick — the First Baptist and the Pearl Street Congregational Churches. At that time the Catholics, now the most numerous religious sect in the city, were practically unknown. In 1840 there were not a dozen in Nashua. In ls.Mi there were less than one hundred. 181 In 1845 the population of the town of Nashua was 4429; the population of Nashville was 2432,— total, 6861. By the census of 1850 their united population was 8942,— a gain of 2888 since 1840. Nashua in 1850 to I860— The growth of Nashua between 1850 and 1860 was not so great as during the previous decade. In common with the other man- ufacturing towns of New England, the revulsion in business in 1857 and the two succeeding years par- alyzed to some extent all the manufacturing interests of the country during that period. During these ten years, however, some progressive Steps were taken by the Nashua people, and which have had a permanent effect upon its welfare. One of the most important of these was the reunion of the two towns of Nashua and Nashville, which had been separated by a legislative act in 1842. Though not realized at the time, it soon became evident that the separation would result disadvantageously. The ed- ucational system could Dot be as comprehensive and efficient. The Fire Department was weakened; the Police Department was more expensive and less ser- viceable, and the minor details of town affairs were less satisfactory to the public. The proposed sup- plying of the village with water and gas would also be more difficult under a twofold management. Added to this, Manchester, in 1846, and Concord, in 1849, had adopted city charters, and with manifest advantage to their local interests. Nashua and Nash- ville had now an aggregate population equal to that Of cither of these cities at the time of their incor- poration. In view of these circumstances, the more enterprising citizens of both towns applied to the Legislature of 1853 for a city charter. This was grant,. I on the 27th of June, with the proviso that it must first lie accepted by a majority of the legal voters of each town at a meeting called for that purpose. In September the acceptance of the char- ter was submitted to the popular vote, anil with the following results: So the city charter, having been sanctioned by both towns, Nashua and Nashville were again united, and will, it is fervently hoped, be known for many a cen- tury in the future as the City of Nashua.— The election of city officers took place immediately after the acceptance of the charter by the two towns. By the original charter, a majority was required to elect the mayor. The first trial re- sulted in no choice, there being three candidates, — Josephus Baldwin (Whig), Bernard 1'.. Whittemore (Democrat) and Winslow Ames (Free-Soil). On the second trial Mr. Baldwin was elected. Josephus Baldwin, the first mayor of the city, was born in the south part of Nashua in 1803. His father lived on the Highland Farm, and possessed unusual mechanical and inventive ability. The son gave his attention to the improvement of cotton machinery. His first experiment was at New Ipswich in making shuttles and spools to supply the tew cotton-mills then running in New Hampshire. After the building of the mills at Nashua lie returned and began I lu- making of bobbins and shuttles at tin' Highland Farm. In 1836 his works, including a large Stock just finished for the market, were burned. Without means, lie began work in a room of the machine-shop of the Nashua Manufacturing Company. Here his works were burned out a second time, Bui in 1843 the demand for that kind of furnishings which Mr. Baldwin, of all others, was best able to supply, bei I ' so great that, starting his business on Water Street, he soon built up an extensive manufactory, employing one hundred and ninety hands. For fifteen years Mr. Baldwin was the largest manufacturer of bobbins and shuttles in this country. Like many enterprising and ingenious men, he gave no attention to financial details, and allowed the free use of his name to friends, SO that he became embarrassed in L858, and the business, built up by him, passed into the hands of Dr. F. B. Aver and Isaac Eaton, by whom it has been continued until recently. Mr. Baldwin died in 1872. In 1851 the Harbor Cotton Manufacturing Com- pany (Vale Mills) was organized with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, employing seventy hands and producing one million yards of sheetings and drillings annually. lie Nashua Edge-Tool Company was organized in 1852, locating their works at the mouth of Salmon Brook, on the Nashua ami Lowell Railroad, one mile from the city. John H. Gage was president, G. W. Underbill superintendent, and C. B. Hill treasurer. Tiny made axes of every pattern, hatchets, chisels, adzes ami most kinds of edge-tools. The company employed fifty men and had a capital of sixty thou- sand dollars. The Nashua Lock Company went into operation the sa year. It was chiefly owned by L. W. Noyes and J. D. Otterson, and made locks, door-knobs and door-bells of every pattern, and employed sixty men. At first it was located on Water Street, but was soon removed to its present location, on the corner of Spring and East Hollis Streets. The Nashua card and glazed paper business origin- ated with C. T. (Jill and < >. D. Murray, in 1849, who put up a small building on Water Street. J. II. and C. P. Gage became partners. Mr. Gill died soon after. The business grew and was removed to East Hollis Street. The original firm was Gage, Murray & Co., who, with a dozen hands and limited capita I. began an enterprise which has since grown to be a large and successful business. The Nashua Foundry Company, one of the earliest of our industries, was at this time doing a good busi- is. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. □ess on Temple Strei t. with Seth Williams as leading proprietor, at the same location now occupied by Charles Williams & Son. \i a latei dati .1. D. Otter- son established a foundry on Foundry Street, which he operated till his death, in 1880. It is now the property of the < !o-operative < loinpany. The Nashua Gas-Light Company was incorporated in Is.".:;, with a capital of seventy-five thousand dol- lars. Its works were located in the northeastern part of the city, near the Junction depot. Its first presi- dent was T. W. Gillis. The Pennichuck Water-Works were also incorpo- rated in 1853, with I.. W. N03 es president, and E. P. Emerson treasurer. The water supply was obtained from the Pennichuck Brook, three miles north of the city, by forcing the water into a large reservoir on Winter Hill. The increased number of manufactories in the city required increased banking facilities, and in 1851 the Indian Head Hank was incorporated, with Joseph Greeley president, and Albert McKean cashier, with .i capita] of one hundred and titty thousand dollars. In 1855 the Pennichuck liank was incorporated with one hundred thousand dollar- capital, and A. W. Sawyer president, and Harrison Hobson cashier. The Irish immigration was hardly noticeable in this city till 1850. They increased rapidly for the ensuing ten years, and were largely employed in the mills and iron-works. With rare exceptions, they were Roman Catholics. In October, 1855, the Catho- lic Church was first organized in this city under the care of Rev. John < >'Donnell, who held services every other Sunday in Franklin Hall. The Catholic popu- lation at that time numbered about six hundred. The church on Tempi,' Street was built in 1857. Father ( >'Donnell continued in charge of this church and people for twenty-four years. He died on the 22d day of January 1882, at the age of sixty-one. Aside from his own people, Father < I'Donnell had the confidence ami respect of all classes. Decided in liis opinions and devoted to the welfare of his parish, he diil not forget that lie was an American citizen. He iva- a believer in our free institutions ami a firm o Mud of our public schools. St. Luke's Episcopal Church was organized in 1857. Its Sunday services were held in Odd- Fellows' Hall. Its first rector was Rev. E. 1'. Wright. Its numbers for some years were small, and its services at times suspended. The Athenaeum, a voluntary library association, was instituted in 1851. Though a private organiza- tion, its purpose was to supply a public want. There was a large class of young people of both sexes, largely employes in the mills, who needed, and would be benefited, by suitable 1 ks lor reading, and tor whom there was no existing provision. This associa- tion had corporate powers, and by sale of shares at five dollars each, by subscriptions and assessments, secured a library of thirteen hundred volumes, which were loaned to individuals for a small fee per week. The Athenseum kept its library at Gill's and after- wards at Greene's book-store, was useful in its time, and prepared the way for its successor, — the Nashua Public Library. CHAPTER Kill. NASHUA— (Con NASIIl A M KINO IIIK l: 1. 1 1 1' I.I.MS. During the decade beginning with the close of 1860 and ending with the close of 1870 the War of the Rebellion was the great overshadowing event. Our purpose is to confine this sketch to the part taken by Nashua and its people in maintaining the Union and in the overthrow of the pro-slavery rebellion. The firing upon Fort Sumter was the first overt tii. -ecos-ioiiists. It began on Friday, April 12, 1861, at four o'clock in the morning. Had it oc- curred twenty years earlier 1 1S41 ) four days would have elapsed before the news would have reached this city. But the announcement f Company E, Richard 0. Greenleaf was captain and William F. Greeley and John W. Thompson lieuten- ants; of Company F. Augustus S. F.duvrh was rap- tain and G. W. Handley and G. W. Whipple wen- lieutenants, — all of them hailing from thiscity. The regiment proceeded to Washington, and went up the Potomac Valley to Harper's Ferry. It was not the fault of the men, but in reality they were not under fire during the three months' service. They were mustered out and returned tome the last of August. A large per centof the Nashua men enlisted later in the regiments and did honor to themselves and the State by their bravery. The signal defeat of the Union forces at Hull Run, on Sunday, the 21st of July, caused more surprise and alarm in this city than any event during the four years' struggle. The Boston dailies of Monday morn- ing, basing their reports upon the first skirmishes be- tween the two armies, announced a glorious victory for the Union forces. On the arrival of the afternoon train, at four o'clock, they announced the crushing defeat, hurried flight and utter disorganization of our army. Such a result was entirely unexpected. There were many wakeful eyes that night in Nashua. Look- in- .ii the event after the lapse of nearly a fourth of a century, it is a question whether that early and signal defeat of the Union cause was not a blessing in dis- guise. It put an end to all compromise, and made, what until that time was in doubt, the emancipation of the slaves as certain as the triumph of the Union armies. When the regiment of three months' men had left for Washington in May, enough volunteers were found to speedily form a second regiment, which, under Colonel Marston, left on June 20th for active service. Other regiments rapidly followed until, on the u: ;. I of December, 1861, the Fighth Regiment of New Hamp- shire had left for the seat of war. In May, 1862, the Ninth Regiment entered the service, and others fol- lowed until the Sixteenth, organized in November, completed the number required by the national gov- ernment. In all these regiments Nashua was repre- sented, but far more largely in the Third, Fourth, Seventh, Eighth, Tenth and Thirteenth. The Second Regiment was in both of the battles at Bull Run. In the second battle Lieutenant Sylvester Rogers, of this city, was fatally wounded, and died while being carried from the field. The Third Regiment had a long and severe service in South Carolina and Virginia, in which quite a number of Nashua soldiers shared. The first battle was at Secessionville, where, of five hundred and ninety-seven men, one hundred and four were killed and wounded. Only one from this city, Lieu- tenant Marsh, was slightly wounded. In the battle of Drury's Bluff, May 13, 1864, while making an ad- vance on Richmond, this regiment bore the " brunt " of the contest. Major James F. Randlett, now cap- tain of a cavalry com]. any in the regular army, was wounded. Adjutant Elbridge J. Copp, who. entering the service as a private at seventeen, had won promo- tion, was also wounded. Three days later Lieutenant Eugene J. Button was killed at the bead of his com- pany. On the 16th of August a fierce engagement took place at Deep Bottom, at which Adjutant E. J. Copp was se\ orely wounded, which compelled him. in the October following, to return to Nashua. Among other Nashua men in the Third Regiment were Cap- tains David Wadsworth, Joseph Ackerinan, Charles S. Burnham, Adjutant S. N. Jackson, Quartermaster G. B. Bingham, Quartermaster Sergeant W. A. Swallow, Lieutenants D. J. Flanders, II. A. Marsh, I ge Sti at as and .1. C. l'usbee. The Fourth Regiment had Chaplain M. W. Willis, Surgeon George P. Greeley, Captains R. 0. Greenleaf, E. L. Sarsons, and Lieutenants L. A. Gay, t '. 11. .Moore and J. F. Gilpatrick in its service. Although in several severe battles, the men from this city appear to have been fortunate. The Sixth Regiment had very few soldiers from Nashua. Dr. William A. Tracy and James II. Noycs were surgeons ; the former returning home in feeble health, died soon after. The Seventh Regimeni was with the Third in the attack on Fort Wagner, in July, 1863, where Lieu- tenants Alfred N. Bennett and Ezra Davis, of this city, lost their lives. Captain Charles A. Lawrence and Lieutenant James A. Cobb were in this regiment. The Eighth regiment was mustered into service December 2:'., lsbl. Probably no other regiment con- tained so large a number of Nashua men. It was ordered to the mouth of the Mississippi and landed west of that locality in March, when- it remained during the summer. In October it was ordered in- land, on the 8th of that month, aud Captain J. Q. A. Warren, of Nashua, was the first man to fall in action at Georgia Landing. In the spring following, it was ordered to join General Banks to capture Port Hud- son. The march of two hundred and thirty miles in the heat was tedious. I In the 27th of May the Eighth Regiment took the lead in the assault on the enemy's fortifications. Early in the light Lieutenant-Colonel Lull, who was in command, fell fatally wounded. Quartermaster Shattuck, of this city, carried him upon his shoulders away from the works. He lived until midnight. John H. Towle, W. H. Tucker and several other Nashua soldiers fell on the same day. Two days later Lieutenant George W. Thompson, of this city, while near the rifle-pits of the rebels, was instantly killed. On the 14th of June another unsuc- cessful assault was made on the rebel fort. The Eighth suffered most severely. Lieutenant Luther P. 184 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Hosley, Sergeant Elisha Xottage, Jesse C. Danforth, Frank F. Andrews, and Michael T. Sullivan were left dead in a trench under the enemy's works. No flag of truce was allowed by the rebels for three days, and the wounded perished from thirst and exposure. The bodies, when recovered, could hardly be recog- nized. After the surrender of Port Hudson, General Banks ordered an expedition to Sabine Pass, which was un- successful. Early in the spring of 1864 the Red River campaign was undertaken. During the previous winter the regiment, now lessened in numbers, were provided with horses and became cavalry. On the 8th of April they came unexpectedly upon the rebel forces at the Sabine ( Iross-Roads. In this engagement the rebels had the advantage of knowing the sur- roundings. The cavalry tared badly. Forty-seven men, including Captain Dana W. King, whose horse was killed and he wounded, were taken prisoners and (ariied to the prison at Tyler, Texas, where they suffered the usual lol of Union prisoners for over six months. The regiment was mustered out the 29th of October, and on the nth of November reached C ord under the command of Captain Dana W. King. Only one hundred and seventy-seven enlisted men returned, and Captain King was the only original officer of stall' or line who remained. The (governor gave to Captain King the brevet commission of lieutenant- colonel, of captain to .lames H. Marshall, and of first lieutenant to Nelson 11. Peterson, all of this city. Among the men from Nashua whose names have not been mentioned were ( lonunissary Tyler M. Sh at tuck, Captains George S. Fayrs, Irving G. Wilkins, Daniel M. Fisk, Lieutenants Nestor Haines and William H. Barnes. The Ninth Regiment left Concord in August and went into immediate service. Companj C was com- manded by Captain Augustus S. Edgerly, of Nashua. He was wounded at Fredericksburg, and killed at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. Lieutenant Charles D. Copp, of this city, was appointed captain after his death. At Fredericks). urg. when the colors of the regiment had fallen, Lieutenanl Copp seized and raise. 1 the Hag amid a shower of bullets, and shouting to the men. enabled them to form in line. The Tenth Regiment was commanded by Colonel Donohue. Company B was raised by Captain Timo- thy B. Crowley, and nearly all its members were resi- dents of this city. The regiment was in the sangui- nary battle at Cold Harbor on June :;, lsr, I. Lieuten- ant Daniel W. Russell, of Nashua, a brave man and g 1 officer, wasinstantly killed by a shot through the head. On October 27, 1864, this regiment at Fair Oaks was ordered to charge the enemy's works. It reached a position where to advance or retreat were alike impossible. No aid arriving, the men were com- pelled to lie down under the rebel batteries and wait for night to cover their escape. Among the severely wounded was Captain Crowley, who was struck by a ball in the thigh. Knowing that capture in his con- dition was death, he crept in the darkness away from the rebels toward the Union lines until he tainted. Bee ling conscious, he called lor help and wa- rescued by two of our soldiers. He was soon after commis- sioned as major of the regiment. The regiment en- countered much hard service. The Thirteenth Regi nt was commanded by Col- onel Aaron F. Stevens, with George Bowers lieuten- ant-colonel, and George H. Taggard adjutant. Its heavy work was during 18(14. It was at Drury's Bluff in May. and at Cold Harbor, in June, fought bravely and lost heavily, Lieutenant Taggard being among the wounded. It was on duty in front of Petersburg during thesummer, and was prominent at the capture of Fort Harrison, on the 29th of Septem- ber. In the assault Colonel Steveus fell severely wounded within a few yards of the fort, and did not resume command of the regiment afterwards. The Thirteenth was garrisoned at Fort Harrison during the winter and joined in the final movement on Ricl d, April ::, 1865. Dr. R. B. Prescott, of this city, then in command of Company C, according to th. Richmond papers, led the first squad of men of the Union army which entered the city. They did a good work in suppressing pillaging ami subduing the flames. The New Hampshire Battalion of Cavalry, which went into service early in 1862, consisted of four com- panies, one of which had William P. Ainsworth for captain and Joseph F. Andrews first lieutenant, with a number of others from this city. On May 30th a charge was made upon a rebel force near Front Royal, Va. The enemy retreated, but soon made a stand at a pass near a bridge. Captain Ainsworth crossed the bridge, and falling in range of the rebel rifles, fell with seven others of the com]. any. His death was -in. ere] - lamented by our citizens. The citj government of Nashua during the four years' war made prompt and liberal provisions for the families of the soldiers, and paid large sums for bounties. The women of this city also did a noble wank in supplying the wants of the sick and furnish- ing necessary comforts to the soldiers on duty. There was not a neighborhood in the city which had not its representative in the army, and not only mothers and wives, but kind friends generally, did all in their power to strengthen the arm of the soldier. One or- ganization of fifty young ladies made a systematic work of sending clothing to the ranks and dainties and cordials to the hospitals. Many a Union sentinel upon his lonely post in the chill winter's wind was made comfortable by these warm flannels from home; many a look of gratitude came over the face of the Northern boy as, fever-stricken in the hospital, he rested his aching head upon the pillow made by lov- ing hands at home. List of Union Soldiers from Nashua.— The fol- lowing list of soldiers from Nashua who served in NASHUA. the War of the Rebellion was prepared and published SJJJSJl, by Dr. L. F. Locke before the close of the war. Connei Possibly there are a few omissions, and there may coiiiw be a very few names of men who enlisted here, cJJSJTj but whose home was elsewhere. The list is the mosl j «"»tb accurate to be obtained at this time, and must be very Cor nearly correct: i ,.1,1,,' . Ailisw lllit. W. Andrews, .1 I. Allen, George F Andrews, J. F . . . Allen, Frank . . . AM.. II, i'Ii. ill-, II . Atwood, Daniel W Aiken, James . Ackerman, Joseph, Anderson, John . . Baldwin, George 11 Barrett, Towns . . Barnes, Eldrus 11 . Button, Eug .1 Burrell, Frederick Bailey, John 1! . . nil, ll.iii. 1 ml, Band Bloilgett, H.-nry .... l-l a '.Ml, 111 1, George Brigha arlea 1. Burke, G. W . 1st & '■ Michael . . Bailey, Rol ert . . Hurt, J I • ■ 1 1 ry Burnhaiu, ' 'hailea S . Brooks, G. W . 1st Beaman, Alfred II . . lit... k, i nard II li. ,i, l,. Ider, Stephen Barney, Hiram F . . ,. W. !'■ . ancie A . . illiam II . . Burke, Wil . . loth . . 10th . . 10th Cahill, Timothy Cronan, John . Cravau, Thi ,ma I I . I'.'IM It, J. I \\ 111,., lid I'lliin, James . Quar. Bias's Dep. I ulev, John 33d .Ms. Flanders, -Joint A Navy Foley, John . 10th Fox, Henry .1 . . . . Reg. Army Lt Blaj. el'' • ,1 Fai r, Joseph K . . . 1 landers, Benjamin 1' . N 8 Prench, Henry C . . . Fiske, Daniel 31., 1'al'l.ii Follows, II H" K . . . 1 ecto, Joseph .... . , r 'lh 1 airlei , John 1 ihel.l. U illiam . . . . 3d Fr.-nel,, Elisha Y . . . . Bennett, Alfred N 7th Bioktord, John W Banflcld, William K . . . . Navy Bell, B. II . . Isi and 2(1 Ms. Cav. Blam-hard, Jam--, M . 1-1 nn.l -il, harles Sth Banne'd, Haskell W Id Bingham, Arthur 3d Bingham, ii -K'' H :: 'l Brown, Mien s . . . 1,1 ami loth Bllel, Kl, l, el 11 Sth llllel, II. ,r til llreiiiian, Patrick . . . 1'Jtl, low,. ISeattv. Thomas -M Berrj John 8th B-rrv. I.arky ........ sth Blown. \\ Illiam F ... '■•! Hills, Fl'el.'Vl '1 7th Bartlett, Edwin F — Butler, Edwin S loth Brown, Robert A lav. Bagh J i II Cav. Bush. Henry 10th B.i j I. \. John — Buswell, Barclay C 'Mil Brvant, Felix Navy Buswell, John B 4th Buswell, John Ith Hriud.am. Edward I'av Bulge, Havi.l II 1th Claflin, Calvin Colbm il Joel . iv, Mou/.o F . . 1st aves, W II . I ..! illni, Thomas . . . 901 illin, John .... 1411 la.-as.ui, Abel i.;im v, John Huh ding, John F 8th ' .' . I rank 8th lone, F 1th IJlooley, F. S., r.iphiin , lull, c't |. .ml.. ii, Daniel 3d Grav, John Ill, Goodwill, Weiitworth . . . 4th .1 >." W .Hi Huge, Hale 7th Gi in, I,. David W 7th Griffin, John F 7th ill, in, mi, Thomas Navy Humes, Frank 3d Gay, George II 3d ley, James B . Sul Cai Greeley, W. I ■'. CI 11th I - [. i iley, '.. "!■■_.■ IV, Surg , . . ith (OtV, El, ell, l;i|,|,OII |U.!L\ Keg. .sth HISTORY OF EILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Green, Albert Miliar,!, r'harl. : Pillsbury, Samuel II . V\ . I i at. 5th ward 3d ink .1 3d Gordon, Hendrii I. . . . I brail] sth Gilsoii. Aiiilreu .1 .... 2(1 lullll. lleiiutte, .lulin Slii Wi . H '--'.I. m. \riliiii i i:;tli rlesF 10th Gray, Irving loth i i ; i. , i'.-,|,i l-i .in.! Hli Gould. I.ntln r ...... 7th K'lllM'ii.l . iiv, I'll. uli s A . . . . Till II. W . . . . 1 i, .1. 11 . . ice, ii . Cant . . lstand 7th Hopkins, Newl I 1 , :. . Hallissy, .1 l.n 111 Ml II..: i! It.. Ill HI A . . 1-1 .lll'l Ml 1 1 1 1 ■ l ■ . e I . . Harvey, George 1) ..... :ii Hunt, I. '1' . '-M :iml Hli h -liv Ilav.l.-ii, Alli.-ii I' II. Hail. '1 humus Ml Hal!. I,«i W Kill Holt, Georgi li Navj phen II '.'tl ll.iiii.-.. N.-tiii . . , In nun m li Hopkins, Mil! 'ti I - II. u i is, i li.n ,-.- \ . . 1st ami llli ' ..li. r T . . . lstamlislli Hardy, W ill. .mi I ;,I .... ::.! ll.mt, .I.iiins II 7th II, .ilt, I.. I> . . . . Sharn-huotui ll.ntshuiii. Kll.ii.l-.- I' . . . Ml, Hani., Wesley 'I' :;,l Ilui'l, ];ia,ii,.i,l A lilt Harris. William II 4th B 7tli ... s 7lh Ilni,-, William II 711, Unhurt. John 7ti, 1 1 ; G .... 1st llii lniisnii. A . . . 20th (Mill Hall, .limit's II ;,1 lliilli--., .Mi, 1. i. 1 .... lmli ]lainil|,,|,l, William II in . .14th Ingrahaln, Ilunry II :;,l Jackmaii, Lemuel N .... :'.,! .IniKiiiaii. -I"! '1th I II,. I Lowney, Jeremiah . I.'a]',hanu James'. '. '. '. '. '. '. "Ill Lyons, .l,,lni lnth I. inal. II, mi \ I ' 4th LaClair, Enierv 3d Lounoy, I'liiii, ! 16th Mas l.ai.-v, Hosea 1'. It ] ■ la-IH, -, 1','t"! Mh W llll II . . . I'.IV. I I,, ..I Nil... M ,-. Isaac . . Marden, Geoi ge MeL'Mooro. Wil Morrill, i ,-,■ II . . . M, ,,,!,-, II, .ratio U . . . Mel ... -i. s McCoy, \ lolphus . . . M-> , l.-i , Frank Mills, ,■..■ W . Lev is A . . Mus,'-s'. '.i,'.ii',,'"h! .' ; : M, sin,-, .I.,,.. : ■ Mi.i lni, , -.,.11,1.-1 . . . Horse, Thomas W . . . Morse, Sai I Mi l aid, Daniel . . . i ■ - ■ . , Malsli, . I, ihi, I , 1.,. , .,1 Morrill, William M . . M- 'iii-. .li. i ha- I; , A'li ii.il loth Moore, Jam. - II 9th Mosul, -v. Frank 4th Morel. nul. 11,-uaiali '.'til Morgan, Charl, - w :;,i M re, Orville '.'th Mil,-, 11. II ... , in .,ii,l lull. I in- l.l I, . i u' W 1st I'll !' :'.,! Unas, .li' Mil Nottage, l lishs C. . l-i and 3th Xeal, Michael Mil Nolan. .I"lni -I Mb Nutt, Uirliaiil .... 14th Mass. John Nolan, 4 ,.,s Hli Ni,-ii,.i-. i .a- i:. .1st ami Huh Norwood, w ,u . . 17th Bat. Beg Nichols, John I . . . lsl and 1th Nichols, Willi. mi II .... 4th N,-, .li ill. I 1 11 . . l>t ami Ml. Null, William li Mil .a Navy Nichols. I'r,-,|, i id, A ... ::il Nichols, VII, u.l I! , . ,7th Nun ell. Charles . 7th Nile-, Jerome S . ... 1st Osg ■<, i II- ill" ii I . . 4th ' 'iters -ii. i -.. W hih O'Neill, Michael Mh u I'.riuii, W ill, ..ii, ... . — M: O'Neill, I iiiioiliv .-th O'Neill, .Mom Mh Mi I' nick 4th ory S 4th Parker, E , '-<1 Lieut . . . 13th Parker, h. C loth Preset!, lo.val I' .... 14th I'rail.i 'ii.,,1,. W . Null Pat i.. -i ---j i. I Parkhurst, w illian ' i'.-inii, Phineas .1 . Quinn, William . . Roone, . i. .lni Russell, ir w. Re, i vVilliamH 1st l.'.u, ■!■-, Silvester, Lieu!. . . . 2'1 Ii 1. Will,.,,,, 15th Ms. '. Justus B . . . . Sth Killer. Hai i.I Bat. Itanillett, .1,1 - V , ' ho,,, .;.,,,,.- , . . in ..' l.-.il, - II -ah Rideout, David .1 . . Sth llol.l.iiis, ii,-,, II . l-i ami Heo A, 1. th lnth . . '-'1st X. Y. Shipley, Albert 1' . Sullivan, Dennis . Sullivan, Patrick . -I.- ... Pi I. . . Snovi i I.-..I.L-" W . Sullivan, Peter . . Shea, John . . . . Sullivan, Patrick . .... lnth 13th Ms. . null Ma- .Johnson, I 'Inn i Jones, .la s W. I. .lelllllllL- Jordon, J: - W . I. .I..,-.. i. . KiMuIY, John II . . in, M, -r, I hail- S linlo , Ahl-aiu . . hiri.v, inn Kimball, l.'lii- . Kimball, . I. .lni II . Killala, Patrick . . '.'th ami It lib nil, I nil Miles,'. lames Miller, David Kelson C . I'roiiiliiian, Ilenrv . . I '".' I ". 1 1 , Wan, ,i A . Park-, Hal el A , . . Peabody, I - B 1',.,- Jerrj It . . , 7th 1 Shepard, Aaron Pillsbury, Edvi'd W . 1-t ami 8th - Steele, Robert . Sv, i Sherra, Frederic! Stevens, Francis I Shea. John . . . Staples, Alvah H Staples, Hiram . Sulil John vail, Timothy . . I < ■ 1 1 1 Mo- Sulln.ii!, Michael T Ml Shea, Cotinell, Jr ■ '■' Sellingham, Frank \v . . :i< Slattcry, .li-31'pli . Smith, George II Sarsoii, Eleazu , l.t .ui.l I Si, lie John P . Siiuiningttm, Tho Stevens, Daniel . . . . Sill, iway, John . . . . Sillovvay, Benjamin W Svvit/.er, George . . . . Stevens, George F . . . Steven., Jacob F . . . Simon, Is, Fred . . . . 1 Stevens, Aaron F. Maj. Sullivan, .Tallies (_,!i Shaw, Major A., 1st la. Savvv, r, olivei M., '-'el I. Small. Clrrin A . . . . Senionds, Lewis . . . . Shanley, James II . . . Taggard, George 11 loll Tinel I, George V lav Tinker, Alvah G all Towns, An hi. . . .1st Mass I'av Tlioni[,siin, G. W , Jr., I. lent. Mli Thornton, J. S., LI. . cmg Navy TllOUipSOU, J. W., Lieut 1st an, 1 Thouipion, Win. II., Jr. . . I'av. Taylor, James II ... ' :,l M.i Thrasher, Floritnan hth Teimv, Hiram A 4th Tuppi-r, diaries 4th Vt. Tasker, Joseph r th Trow, Harlan S 4th Towle, John S Mh Tracy, W. A.. Surgeon . . . r.th Tun ill, James, Jr . . . —Mass. Tan.-, John 7th Towns, n liver, Jr Nth Thurston, J.. se,, I, T sth Tucker, William II Sth Tavlni, George W 7th Tinker, Mollis W 4th Thompson, J.-seph I' . . . . i'av Tvvnml.lv, Samuel K . . . . I'av. Upton, Gcrge II 4th Vi.kcrv.JohnH lnth Yin -nt, Clifford 8th Veasy, Joe! 3d li . J] , 2i Winn, Maui !■<■... Willai.l. John 11 . . White. Ivlvviu H . . Wright, G -e \V . \\ all ,. .■ Joseph W . Wright, Jonathan . . , Hugh in, Willi W II, urv, G.-orge U . Whipple.' 1,11,1 lilll I' . Wilkius, Irving G . Welch, John ... Wel.l,, John . . . . \\ Is I i.o.l.ln. I, Wlntniai-ii. W Is, Alfreil II . . Waters, .la s H . . Wei,!,, John lst.V sth Waters, K.livar.l loth Waters. John 3d Waters, Patrick Navy- Watson. Charles S l"th Whipple. John F . . . loth li',ll Whit I.. », Ulh Mass , Step! i Jonathan F . . . 9th Wil in, M.okG Ml, Webster, Edwin II Sth Worthlev, John 4th WellS, Walter 9th White, Charles II /..I Whittelnole, Gcoig. G . . . . Sth W itlL', liellhell 1st W I-, M n 4th Willis, M. W , Chaplain . . .4th Yolk, William F 4th Valciueth, Wilham . . . The number of names in the above list is nine hun- dred and twenty-four. They are taken from the original city hall record. Grand Army of the Republic— The John G. Foster Post, No. 7, of the Grand Army of the Re- public, is located in this city, having its headquarters in Luton's building. It members are residents of the city and adjoining towns. The number of active members is one hundred and eighty-six. The officers for the current year are: Commander, Patrick Loner- gan; Senior Yiee-< lommander, K. .1. < 'nil ins; Junior Vice-Commander, E.S. Perkins; Chaplain, Benjamin 8. Woods; Quartermaster, Levi Barker; Officer of the Day, Uriah Boyl ; Officer of the Guard, Dennis Leazotte; Adjutant, Ross C. Unity. CH A PT ER XIV. NASHUA— (Continued). NASHUA FROM 1870 TO 1883. can, i, Inn Humiliation— Improvement in Building! Public Sol Is— The Public Library— Nashua I-'ir,> Department - Railroad Facilities— Banking Institutions— Newspapers— Benevolent I l.ilcraio I U cou/aliMio - I'le Agassi/, Club — Mas HIS ami l',|,l Id- Til F, past fifteen years have been a period of com- parative ide of the street, in what was then known as the " Cen- tral Building." The adjoining Baptist Church and several smaller buildings were burned on the west side, when, crossing the street to the east side, the Boat-house Store, Nashua and Lowell Railroad depot and Shattuck's Block were burned. In 1856, Mill No. 1 of the Nashua Company was destroyed. The fire broke out at noon, in the absence of the operatives. As the mill had been in operation thirty years, the flooring was combustible, and the mill was soon in ruins. Some of the more recent fires in the city were the old engine-house, in 1870; W. J. Cooper's and Saw- yer's buildings, in May, 1882; Old Washington House, in November, 1883; Spalding's Block, 1883 ; Rollins' Steam- Engine Works, March, 1884; Crawford's Steel-Plate and Press-Works, January 1, 1885; and Nashua Iron and Steel-Plate Mill, February, L885. Railroad Facilities. — Whoever has studied the railroad map of New England knows that Nashua is the centre of an extensive system of railroads. In truth, its railroad facilities are unsurpassed by any inland city in New England. Six lines radiate from Nashua, and five of them are entitled to be called trunk lines. Their connections are direct with Wor- cester, New York and the West on one side; with Rochester, Portland, Bangor and the East, on the other side; with Manchester, Concord, the White Mountains, Vermont and Canada, on the north ; with Lowell, Boston and Providence on the south. These six lines are the Nashua, Lowell and Boston, forty miles ; the Nashua, Greenfield and Keene, fifty-six miles; the Nashua and Worcester, forty-six miles ; the Nashua and Rochester, forty-eight miles; the Nashua and Concord, thirty-five miles ; the Nashua, Acton and Boston, forty-one miles. Fifty-six passenger and freight trains enter and depart from Nashua daily. Banking 1 Institutions. — Nashua has three 1 ka of discount and four savings-banks. The former are the First National Bank, G. A. Ramsdell, president, John A. Spalding, cashier ; Indian Head Bank, Ed- ward Spalding, president, Frank A. McKean, cash- ier; Second National Bank, J. W. White, president, F. A. Eaton, cashier. The latter are the Nashua Savings-Bank, William W . Bailey, president, Virgil 0. Oilman, treasurer ; City Savings-Panic, Luther A. Roby, president, Elbridge P. Bown, treasurer; Me- chanics' Savings-Bank, John C. Lund, president,.!. W. White, treasurer; New Hampshire Banking Company, Hiram T. Morrill, president, John O. Kimball, treasurer. The deposits in the savings-banks exceed three million dollars. Nashua Newspapers. — For more than twenty years there have been no experiments in the pub- lishing of newspapers in this city. This is compli- mentary to the two existing papers which, for more than half a century, have represented the two politi- cal parties of the State and country. The Nashua editors have never been belligerent or acrimonious toward each other, or indulged in the offensive per- sonalities which have frequently disgraced the press of this State. Both are decided in their political views, and each is a fair representative of the party whose principles and policy it supports. the X'lxlitht <;. I. mill, secretary; Charle- Lund, treasurer. The Nashua Historical Society has its r as in Telegraph Block. It has a collection of minerals and ancient relics. The officers are O. (J.Moore, pres- ident ; J. H. I roodale. \ ice-president ; II. 11. Atherton, secretary; Frederick Eclscv, treasurer ; Charles Hol- man, George A. Rams.lell, William W. Bailey and V. C. Oilman, directors. Freemasons lnd Odd-Fellows.— The Masonic order had an early introduction into this city, num- bering many prominent citizens among its members. The several organizations have commodious lodge- rooms. Of the York Rite, there are the Rising Sun Lodge, Ancient York Lodge, Meridian Sun Chapter, Israel Hunt Council and St. George- Commandery. Of the Scottish Rite, are Aaron P. Hughes Lodge of St. i leoi -e ( 'haptcr of Rose Croix. Oriental Council of Princes of Jerusalem and Edward A. Raymond Consistory. The Odd-Fellows havea numerous membership in this city, with ample halls and the following organ- izations: Indian Head Encampment, Nashua Encamp- ment, Granite Lodge, Pennichuck Lodge and Baker Degree Camp. There is also a Lodge of Knights of Pythias, and of the American Legion of Honor, the St. John the Baptist Society, and two societies of the Ancient » >rder of Hibernians. There are several temperance societies in Nashua, each of which, in its own way, whether as uncon- ditional prohibitionists or non-partisan workers, has labored diligently for the suppression of intem- perance. CHAPTER XV. NASHUA -(Continued}. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF NASHUA. Puritan Ideas— Thomas Weld— Ministerial Support— Primitive Meet- ing-llunsos— Church 1'is.seiisinns— Wliil. -field's Followers— First Con- gregational Church— Pilgrim Church— Baptist Church— Uuiversaliet Church— Methodist Church— Unitarian Church— Episcopal Church — Catholic Chun hes. The first settlers of New England came to this, country impelled by religious motives. They were denied religious freedom in the Old, and resolved to obtain it in the New World. They attested their sincerity by the great sacrifice of comfort and re- sources which they made in securing this end. Yet they were not wholly emancipated from the tradi- tional errors of the past, and were not prepared to grant that liberty of conscience and right of individ- ual opinion and of action in religious affairs which is now universally conceded in this country. The Massachusetts colonial government framed its laws on the basis that church and state were inseparable. They did not recognize any precedent to the contrary. Hence, invariably, as in the charter of Dunstable, in October, 1673, it was required that "the town should build a meeting-house and procure an able and ortho- dox minister within three years." Two hundred - (here was great unanimity of religious opinion in the scattered colonies of the New England coast. They were essentially Puritan. There is no doubt that tin- provision in the charter for minis- terial support was in accordance with the views of nearly, [fnof all. of the early settlers of Dunstable. At a public meeting in li'>7-i it was voted that " the meeting-house that is to he erected shall stand be- tween Salmon Brook and the house of Lieutenant Wheeler, as near as may he for the convenience of the farmers." In the following October the house, built of logs, was commenced, hut the breaking out of King Philip's War the next year deferred its com- pletion till 1678. During King Philip's War the settlers within the present limits of Nashua retired for safety to the lower towns. The town-meeting for 1677 was held in W<>- burn, when Thomas Brattle, James Parker, Jonathan Tyng and Abraham Parker were chosen seleetmen for the ensuing year, and it was then voted, "That as Boon as ni:iy be, a minister be settled in tlie town of Dun- stable, tin time and man being bit to the selectmen, his pay to be in money, or if in other pay, to add a tliir.t part more, i be fifty pounds each year." Rev. Thomas Weld, a native of Roxbury, Mass., ami a graduate of Harvard, was the man selected, and consequently he was the first minister of Dunstable. When he began to preach is nut recorded, but mi April 7, 1680, tit a town-meeting, ii was voted, "That he be invited to a continuance and settlement n tl h us — that the charges for maintenance of the minister shall be borne by the proprietors according to their respective shares in the township." Further action imposed by the charter was also taken to give Wi. Weld a convenient farm to be settled upon him and his heirs for his encouragement in the ministry. This (arm consisted of a thirty-acre lot, which is now included in what is known a< the "Highland Farm," in the south part of the town, with a general claim to a share in all the ungranted lands of the township, amounting to about five hundred acres of wild land. At a meeting held September 9, lbs:;, it appears from the records " that there was due Mr. Weld for the settling of his tour years' salary, ending last May, twenty-three pounds," and the names of those who were in arrears to the minister were publicly called, and they wererequired to pay within a limited time, under penalty of having their hinds seized and sold. It is well known that in those early times, and for a century after, the raising of m y for the building of houses of worship and the support of preaching was compulsory,:! tax for this purpose being laid upon till property-holders. It was easy to do this when the great body of the people wore of the same way of thinking upon religious subjects. But when thesects began to multiply, and men began to appreciate their individual rights, it became necessary to provide for g] eater liberty of conscience. While it is not strange th.it such a law should exist in 1683, it is surprising that it was not repealed for more than a third of a century after New Hampshire became an indepen- dent State. In 1684 the log meeting-house, which probably stood upon the present city farm, was abandoned. It had been occupied only six years, and would not have boon abandoned so soon had not the Tyng family and others living farther down the river pro- posed to contribute freely to build a better structure, provided it should be located nearer to what is now the town of Tyngsborough. The poverty of the Salmon Brook people led to the acceptance of the offer, and a new and better meeting-bouse was built near the present State line. On its completion Mr. Weld was settled. The date was December 16, 1685. He had already preached to this people seven years. The number of actual members was small, only seven names, till males, appearing on the books. For seven- teen years after ordination Mr. Weld continued to preach to this small settlement, exposed to Indian massacres and suffering "Teat privations. He died June 9, 1702, Inf. ire he had reached the age of fifty. For one hundred and seventy years his grave tit the Old South burial-ground was marked by a dark slab; but within a few years a handsome and ap- propriate granite monument has taken its place. So far as is known, he left a good record. After the death of Mr. Weld there were temporary supplies for many years, till the settlement of Eev. Nathaniel Prentice, in 1720. He was pastor for seventeen years, and died February 15, 17:17, at the age of forty. He was said to have been "a good sermonizor," and an inscription-stone mirks his grave at the Old South burial-ground. About two years later Rev. Josiah Swan was settled. He was said to have been a better farmer than pastor, and on one Sunday morning, unconscious that it wtis the Lord's day, ordered his hired men to go into the field to work. The arrival of a leading parishioner con- vinced him of his error. In 1741 the State line was established, and was a source of controversy by making a majority of the congregation citizens of another province. A still greater dissension was caused by the preaching of George Whitefield, who came over to the New England colonies and aroused the pie, pie by presenting, with rare eloquence, more practical and less doctrinal views of religion. Rev. Frederick Alvord, in his historical discourse a few year- since, says: "The church in Dunstable was more or less affected by this great Whitcfieldian revival. It came none too soon. Many churches had become cold and formal, and vital godliness was sadly declining." Mr. Swan resigned in 174G, became a farmer in Walpole, and died at an advanced age. Eev. Samuel Bird was settled in 1717 as the fourth pastor. He was an ardent follower of Whitefield, and hence was called one of the " New Lights." There was strong opposition to his settlement by the " Blan- chard party " and strong approval by the " Lovewell party." The former had more wealth, the latter more numerical strength. The result of this con- troversy wtis two churches and two meeting-houses, the Bird party worshiping in the new meeting-house, built opposite the residence of J. L. II. .Marshall, and the other in the old house, near the State line. The contest in regard to Mr. Bird was ended by his removal to Connecticut, but the church troubles in Dunstable continued. Sixteen years of dis- sension followed, but at length both parties, weary of strife, made a compromise. Both of the old meeting- houses were taken down, and a new one — the fourth — was built on the "triangle" at the Centre. Kev. Joseph Kidder, a native of Billeriea and just grad- 192 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. uated from Yale, was ordained pastor, March 18, 1767, and was the town minister for nineteen years. In 1796 his connection with the town ceased, but his relation to the church continued till his death, in 1818, though he ceased to preach in 1814. When the fifth church was built, in 1812, known as the"01d South," he had the satisfaction of being the first occupant of the desk. On November 3, 1813, Rev. E. P. Sperry was installed as his colleague, and succeeded him in bis labors. Mr. Sperry was dismissed April 4, 1819. This was the year of the passage of the "toleration act" by the Legislature, and church and slate ceased to have any connection in New Hamp- shire. The result was due to the progress of civ- ilization and enlightened public sentiment, In the mean time Nashua village grew rapidly in numbers, and in 1825 the Nashua corporation erected a meeting-house on the site of the present Pilgrim Church. It was bought by the t 'one regal ional society in 1826, and on the 8th of November, Rev. Handel G. Nott was installed as pastor. He was highly suc- cessful. Daring his eight years of labor three hun- dred and fifty-five were added to the church, — an increase of sevenfold to the number when he took charge. In 1834, to the surprise of most of his con- gregation, he announced that, believing that infants were not suitable subjects for baptism, he could no longer administer the ordinance to them. To-day the announcement would hardly cause a ripple of excite- ment, but at that time it led to a division of the church. The dissenting party held their first meeting in Greeley's building, and having a small majority of the members, formed an organization under the title of the First Congregational Church of Dunstable.— On January 1, 1835, Rev. J. McGee was installed as pastor; a meeting-house, located on Main Street, was built the same year. It was a wooden structure, and was burned in 1870. A new brick church was com- pleted, at a cost of forty-five thousand dollars, the same year. The membership of the church is between four hundred and four hundred and fifty. The following is the list of pastors and their time of ministerial service in this church since its reor- ganization, in 1835 : Jonathan McGee, installed January 1. 1835 ; .ii-tois^.,i June 8, lM'J. Matthew Hale Smith, installed OeM.ei III, 1 s I J ; di-„nssed \u-iisl J", 1845. Samuel I.allisim, installed April s, 1 s-ltl ; . 1 i sn 1 i s.se-1 April 7, ISIS. Daniel Maivh, in-railed Jjhinhi :,. IM'.i, . 1 1 -. 1 1 . i 1 . 1. urn. ,i i ■ ■ I- . , <; -e II. .lewrtt, install. ,1 .May 24, IS,.,. ; dismissed s, | ,i ,■!, ib, r 1, 1856. Charles .1. Hill, installed .laiiuarv 27, ls:,7 ; di-nn— .. \ l'i, < II. i,,Uer, installed Septemlier la, lsi;:. ; dismissed August 13, ISM!. Olive Street Congregational Church.— After the withdrawal of a part of the members of the church under the charge of Mr. Nott, the others continued religious services under their pastor on Olive Street. \i the close of the year Mr. Nott removed, and after- wards became a Baptist minister. The church then gave a call to Rev. Austin Richards, and was organ- ized under the name of the Olive Street Congrega- tional Church. It continued a distinct and indepen- dent organization for forty-four years, until its union with the Pearl Street Church, in 1879. The following is the list of its pastors during its distinct organiza- tion : Richards, installe Ai I, 1836; September 22, Hiram Mead, installed Dei ember 17, IS 1869. James S. Black, installed March 31, 1870 ; dismissed June 29, L874 S. S. Martin, installed Ileeeinber 17, ls74 : dismissed January 1. 1876. J. K. Aldiieh, employed \.i\eiiiliei I, Is7i, ; dismissed May 27, 1879. Pearl Street Congregational Church.— In 1M6 some of the members of the Olive Street Church thought the increasing population of Nashua would justify the formation of a third orthodox church. The plan was carried into effect, and the new church organized the following Septemlier. A new brick edifice was erected at the corner of Main and Pearl Streets, which was dedicated November 21, 1847. It is now the property of the Universalis! society. The Pearl Street Congregationalist Society continued an active organization till it united with the Olive Street to form the present Pilgrim Society. During its thirty years' existence it had the following list of pastors : Leonard Swain, installed .lime, 1S47 ; dismissed 1V< ember, 1852. I'. a., l \d.mi i, installed August, 1853; dismissed December, 1857. Edward II. Greeley, installed February, 1858 ; dismissed May, 1860. lSeiijauiin F. 1'arsiius, installed Ne\ einlier, 1 ST 1 : dismissed June, u i, Gaylord, installed December, lsu7 dismissed October, 1870. Charles Wetherliy, installed LVeembei, 1S71 : dismissed March, 1879. Second Congregational (Pilgrim) Church.— In the spring of 1879 there were vacant pastorships in both the < dive Street and the Pearl Street Congrega- tional Societies. Both had congregations of respect- able size, but financial and prudential considera- tions suggested the union of the two, and it was consummated on June 2d of that year. On the hist day of the year Rev. George W. Grover was in- stalled pastor, and the church is known as the Pilgrim Church. Mr. Grover is still the pastor in charge. The Pearl Street edifice was sold, and the wooden struc- ture on Olive Street taken down, and on its site was built a brick church with modern appointments, at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars. It was dedicated on the hist day of March, 1882. The church mem- bership is five hundred and twenty, and average attendance lour hundred. First Baptist Church. — As early as 1818 a small Baptist society was formed in Nashua, but for some years it had only occasional meetings. In 1832 it was fully organized, with Rev. Dura D. Pratt as pas- tor. A large and commodious meeting-house was built at the corner of Main and Franklin Streets, which was dedicated in January, 1833, and burned in NASHUA. i:i:; the great fire of October 12, 1848. The next year a new brick edifice was erected on the same site, at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. The present mem- bership of the church is about five hundred and twenty. The attendance averages about three hun- dred and fifty. The following is the list of the pas- ters of this church, and their length of pastorate: Dura li. Pratt, installed January 23 1833 ; died in charge November, 1855. Willi. uii II Eat. .11, nelallr.l .Inn.- Jli, 1S.-.U , .lislili.-se.l January, ISTll. II. ii. h ,,.1 tiled Juh 1 :, 1870 dismissed . I. .unary, 1st:'.. Universalist Society and Church.— The Univer- salists as a religious denomination were unknown in Nashua until 1835. At that time a society was or- ganized under the pastoral charge of Rev. Woodbury M. Fernald. In 1839 a meeting-house was built on the west side of .Main Street, which was occupied by thesociety till March, 1882, when the church edifice at the corner of Main and Pearl Streets was bought, and is now their place of worship. Two associations wereorganized in 1849, — onebenevolent and sustained by the ladies, and the other social and literary (the Ballou)and sustained by the young people, — which have been productive of much good. The following is the list of the pastors of the society: Protestant Episcopal Church..— The origin of the Episcopal Church in Nashua is somewhat recent. In lx."> 7 a missionary parish was organized, with Ilev. E. P. Wright as rector. He was succeeded by Rev. W. S. Perry and others, and a small wooden church was built at the junction of Pearl and Temple Streets. This was removed a few years later, and no services were held in the city. In 1871, Rev. James B. Goodrich renewed the church services in Beasom's Block and continued as mission- ary rector till 1875. At that time he was succeeded by Rev. Jacob Leroy. The church and congregation gradually gained in numbers. In 1879 a church edi- fice, built entirely of granite, was erected on South Main Street, at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. It is a neat and enduring structure. It was consecrated in November, 1879, and the entire building was the gift of Mrs. Lucia A. Rand, a native of this State, 1ml now a rcsi.lent of Middletown, Conn. In 1882 the church .eased to he a missionary parish, and is recog- nized as the Church of the Good Shepherd. Rev. William H. Moreland is the present rector. Unitarian Church.— The Unitarian Society of Nashua, like most of the early societies of the de- nomination, was largely made up of secedcrs from the Congregationalists. As a religious orgai it occupies the more advanced liberal grounds. The society in Nashua, in the published statement of their views, believe in the right of private judgment in re- ligion as in all other matters; in a progressive revela- tion; that no book or creed contains the whole of re ligion, hut that Cod is speaking to-day more clearly than in any past age, unfolding his truth to every man i,,, matter to what race lie belongs or what part of tin. globe he inhabits; that every word of truth is the word of God, whether found in the Bible or out of the Bible or contradicting the Bible; that there is one God, the Creator and Father, and no more, and none other is to be worshiped. The church edifice now occupied by the society was I, mil in 1X^7. The following is the list of pastors: Xatliaiii.l li.i-.', iiistaltol 1SJ7 , .ii-ines..! is::l Henry Eml s, installed 1^ 15 . dismiss) d 1- 18. Saliiii.'! O.-- I. install.'. 1 lv'e .lei,..- :,-'.' 'tin. line I, Gorman, installed IsT.i; dismissed 1878. II. -my e IV install,'.! IS7S ; now in dun-,-. Connected with the society is the < 'banning Literary Association, composed of young persons of both sexes, who hold their meetings in Channing Hall. Their object is moral, mental andsocial improvement. There is also an association of ladies for affording aid to the needy and the sick, wdio hold semi-monthly meetings. Methodist Episcopal Church.— The Methodist Church, founded by John Wesley in the last century, was hardly known in this State in 1820. When Nashua became a manufacturing village it was visited by several itinerant preachers, ami in 1833, Rev. James C. Smith was stationed here for the year. During the year tin' church on Lowell Strict was built. It. was dedicated November 12, 1.833. This building was occupied till 1868, when the society removed to their new brick edifice, on Main Street. Owing to the itinerant system the number of ministers who occu- pied the Lowell Street, pulpit is large. The list and time of service are as follows: Ja b G Smith, 1833; A P. Brigham, 1834; W. D.Cass, 1835; W. II. llai, I,, I83(i 37 : Jared Perkins, 1838- 19; Samuel Kelly, 1840; J W, Mowry, Ml 12; I.. D. Barrows, 1843-44; James Pike, 1845-46 ; Hf-nry Drew, 1847 18 l> 31 Rogers, 1849 ; Elijah Mason, 1850-51 ; Franklin Furber, 1852- 53 : Elihu Scott, 1854 ; D. 1'. Deavitt, 1855-56; Henry Hill, 1857.; i'. K. Harding, 1858-59; LewiE Howard, 1860; Charles Foung, I861-G2 . o. W. II. Clark, 1863-64 : K. A. Smith, 1865-67 After the division ol the town into Nashua and Nashville, a .Methodist Society was organized on the south side of Nashua River, and a church on < Ihestnut Street was bought of the Baptists in 1844. which con- tinued to be occupied by them till 1880, when the church united with the First Methodist Church, on Main Street. The following is the list of pastors ami EISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. time of service at the < Ihestnul Street Church during its existence: Rev. C, C Burr, 1844; 3m ob Boyce, 1845 10 T II Pond, ls47 ; (an interim of three years) ; J. Mi Laughlin. txon •">] ; Lewis Howard, 18. r >2- 53; Jared Perkins, 1854; 0. S Dearborn, 1855-56; II. 11. Hartwell, 185] -- - II im • . 1859-00; L J. Hall, 1861 64; B s -;,,i. I, ,1865 nii . E It « 'II.'" . 1807 60 : D ('. Babcock, 1870; I , .„,,.,, [871 F2 ; H. L. Kelse] I ; L. P. Cu bman, 1875-77 ; O. H. Jasper, 1878-80. The church on Main Street was dedicated in 1868. I I [a -i large and handsome edifice and est sixty thou- sand dollars. The list of ministers in charge since then is as follows: Rev. George Bowler, 1868 ; Angelo Carroll, 1869-70; V. A. Cooper, 1871-73; Charles Shelling, 1874-75; Charles E. Hall, 1876-78; James R. Day. 1879-80; B. P. Raymond, 1881-82; P. M. Frost, 1883-84; J. II. Haines, 1885, who is now in charge. The Roman Catholic Church.— < >t' the Catholic Church organized in this city by Rev. John O'Donnell in 1855 and the building of the church in 1857 we have already written. Father O'Donnell died in January, 1882, and was succeeded by Rev. Patrick Houlihan and by Rev. William F. Higgins, as assist- ant. The Irish population of the city is two thousand three hundred. The .Sunday attendance at the < Jhurch of the Immaculate Conception is fifteen hundred. There are three distinct sessions, — two for adults and one for children. The church has purchased the real estate known hitherto as the " Indian Head House," and has reconstructed it for a school building. It is proposed to establish a parochial school, to be taught by the Sisters of Mercy. The house will accommodate five hundred pupils. The cemetery of this church is in Hudson, two miles from the city. The French Catholic Church is of more recent origin. Worshiping at first with the Irish, their num- ber increased so that, in June, 1871, Rev. Louis I rirard was appointed to organize a church. He resigned in 1871, and Rev. J. B. H. V. Milette was appointed to succeed him. The building of the church on Hollis Street was commenced in 1872, and dedicated, on the 8th of June, 1873. It is a line edifice, having cost forty thousand dollars. The average attendance on Sunday services is two thousand, three sessions being held. The French Canadian Cemetery is on Hollis Street, two miles from the city. In 1883 a three-story brick building was erected for a parochial school, ■which has at this time live hundred and eleven schol- ars, and is taught by nine Sisters of the Holy ( !ross. The French Canadian population of this city is three thousand seven hundred. It is proposed to build another French Catholic Church next year on the north side of Nashua River. The I atholics are now (lXSo) far the most numerous religious sect in the city, numbering six thousand, equal to two-fifths of the entire population. CHAPTER XVI. NASHUA— (Continued). MANUFACTUBING INDUSTRIES OF NASHUA. Cotton M;inufai:turin— Fann- ing Statistics— Lawyers and Doctors— Municipal Office] Pu tii 3i I I Tea< tn i - I oni lusion. If Nashua had remained what it was in 1820, an agricultural town, its present population would not exceed eight hundred. It was early predicted that the Merrimack River would furnish an extensive power for manufacturing purposes, but the Nashua River was unthought of until some of the residents of the village discovered and appreciated its importance, and chiefly contributed the first capital used to de- velop it. We have already recorded the early his- tory of the two largest manufacturing companies in the city. Since that early period they have largely increased their capacity. A concise and accurate statement of their present extent and condition will be of value for future reference. The Cotton Manufacturing Industry— Nashua Cotton Manufactuking Company. — This corpora- tion, chartered in LS23, began the manufacture of cotton cloth in 1826. The first agents were Asher Benjamin and Ira Gay, who were soon succeeded by Thomas \V. Gillis, who filled the position eighteen years, until 1853. He was followed by Daniel Hussey, who introduced the turbine instead of the breast wheel, adding greatly to the water-power. He re- mained till 1869, and was followed by I). D. Crombie, who left at the end of two years. Oliver P. Hussey became agent in 1871 and remained till his death, in 1875. The present agent, Rufus A. Maxtield, en- tered upon his duties ten years ago. Since then the capacity of the company has increased twenty per cent. The plant in ls-14 consisted of four separate mills. All these mills have, from time to time, been greatly improved by additions and alterations, so that the company now has in a single continuous tier of buildings a floorage of more than twelve acres. In addition to the mill buildings proper, the company has a range of buildings on Basin Street, which is utilized as cloth-room and machine-shop, six large store-houses, a 8tore-house for the raw cotton, an im- mense boiler-house, with minor buildings, together with a spacious counting-room, built in 1879, and eighty-two tenement houses, the last-named mostly in blocks. The total capacity of the water-power of these mills is eighteen hundred and twelve horse-power. The company has sixteen steam-boilers of seventy- five horse-power each — steam being required for heat as well as power— and a total engine-power of sixteen hundred horse-power, which, added to the fourteen hundred water-power, gives a total of three thousand horse-power. This power is now so reserved and 195 economically employed that in the future these mills cannot be short of power. The use of steam-power becomes a necessity in recent times on account of the evaporation during the severe droughts which of late years are apt to occur in summer. The mills of the Nashua Company have a capacity of eighty-five thou- sand spindles, and make twenty-lour million yards of tine sheeting, shirting and cotton flannels yearly, the market being mostly in the United States. The annual consumption is twenty-four thousand bales. Thi company employsover fifteen hundred operatives, of whom twelve hundred are females and three hun- dred men and boys. .More than three-fourths of the help are either foreigners or the children oi foreigners. They are about equally divided between the Canadian French and the Irish. Wages are now (June, 1885) fully as high as in 1879. The pay-roll is about twenty-two thousand dollars monthly. Webster P. Hussey is paymaster, succeeding John A. I'.aldwin, who filled the position forty years. The location and surroundings of the mills of thi- company are un- usually favorable. The inclosed grounds are spacious and finely shaded, and the arrangement of the buildings such as to favor health and comfort. Fred- erick Amory, of Boston, is the treasurer. The Jackson Manufacturing Company.— The grounds of this company are pleasantly located on the Nashua River, in the eastern part of the city. In a previous chapter we have given its early history. The following is a list of the agents of the i ipauy and the time they held the position: 11. F. French, seven years; Edmund Parker, eleven years ; M. A, Herrick, four years; 11. T. Kohl. ins, ten months; Walter Wright, one year; P. Lawton, two years ; B. Saunders, eleven years; 0. P. Hussey, four years ; William D.Caldwell, the present agent, since January, 1871. fourteen and a half years. The plant consists of three large mills which have been enlarged within a few years, and have twelve hundred and twelve looms and thirty-live thousand seven hundred and twenty spindles. The water-power is eighteen feet fall, equal to oue thousand horse-power, which is strengthened by eight hundred horse-power of steam. The productive capacity has increased one hundred per cent, under the present agent. The mills have a floorage of four acres, with large store-houses and a large block which is used for counting-room, cloth- room and machine-shop. There are forty-two tene- ments, mostly in handsome brick blocks. The capital of the company is six hundred thousand dollars. The number of operatives is eight hundred, nearly three- fourths of whom are foreigners or the children of foreigners. They are equally divided between the Irish and Canadian French. The former are regarded as the more reliable and permanent. The pay is six per cent, higher than in 1879, and believed to be the highest paid by any cotton manufactory in the country. The products are fine sheetings and shill- ings, which find a market in China, South America ami Mexico. The annual consumption of cotton is fifteen thousand bales, and the production seventeen million yards of cloth. The monthly pay-roll is fifteen thousand dollars. E. M. Temple is pa In these mills the system of keeping accounts is such that the raw cotton is traced by the pound from the picker till it is ready for the market, every process showing so much addition in actual cost. Frederick Amory, of Boston, is treasurer of the company. Tin: Vale Mills Manufacturing Company. erected a cotton-mill on Salmon Brook, at the Barbor, in 1S45. This was followed, in 1853, by the building ,,f a second mill, having alto-ether a capacit) Ol twenty thousand spindles and weaving one million two hundred thousand yards per annum of forty- inch fine sheetings for home consumption. The com- pany has a capital of eighty thousand dollars, and gives employment to eighty operatives. All the 1 us are new and improved and the machinery has been renewed within fifteen years. The mills, aside from other buildings, have a floorage of nine thou- sand six hundred square feet. The fall at the dam is twenty-six feet, and one hundred and fifty horse- power. In addition to this, the company has one hundred horse-power of steam. These- mills are do- ing a prosperous business, and contemplate an in- crease of production in the future. Benjamin Saun- ders is the agent and treasurer. Iron Manufacturing Industries.— The iron manu- factories of Nashua, arc second only to the cotton industry in extent and importance. The Nashua Iron and Steel Company, in- corporated in LS47 with a capital of thirty thousand dollars, had a rapid and unusual growth. From three small hammers and one small simp the company developed to ten large hammers and seven large shops, requiring a capital of lour hundred thousand dollars. The plant covers twelve acres. It manufac- tures steel and iron forgings of any size, steel loc I- tive tires and general railroad work. The steel-plate made at these works has an unequaled reputation, and is recognized as the best made in the country. Unfortunately, the plate and bar-mill was burned in February last, so that its condition at thistime is not such as to indicate its capacity or product. It gives, when in full operation, employment to two hundred and eighty men, many of whom are skillful and ex- perienced workmen. John A. Burnham is president ; Aretas Blood, treasurer and superintendent. 'I'm: Nashua Lock Company has for many years donea large business. We have already given its earlj history. It makes locks, door-knobs and bells, hinges, bolts and builders' hardware of every style and pattern. The works cover a plant of four hundred by three hundred feet, in an inci- sure of two and a quarter acres, and consist of seven -hops. Its capital stock is one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. It give employment to one hundred and eighty men, and makes two hundred and 190 HISTORY OF IIlI,l,SlI()lI()l(iH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1 1 it \ thousand dollars' worth of goods annually. A. C. Barstow is president; II. G. Bixby, treasurer; Emery Parker, superintendent. Tin: Underhill Edge-Tool Company, located at the mouth of Salmon Brook, has a capital stock of one hundred and twelve thousand dollars, and em- ploys one hundred nun. It manufactures axes, hatch- ets, adzes and edge-tools of every pattern, and sends products to every part of the western continent. Its animal sales are oni hundred thousand dollars. It has a seventy-five horse water-power and a Corliss steam-engine of one hundred and fifty horse-power. John G. Kimball is president ; C. V. Dearborn, treas- urer; Nestor Haines, superintendent. The Nashua Ikon Foundry, Charles Williams, proprietor, lias for many years been in operation. It manufactures heav\ ca-iin".- I'm- cotton-mills and ma- chinists' tools. The plant covers several acres. It has five large buildings, fifty horse steam-power, and gives employment to an average of one hundred and twenty men. The business averages more than one hundred and fifty thousand dollars annually. ( 'barbs A. Williams is agent. The Nashua Co-operative Iron Foundry is the successor of the Otterson Iron Foundry. The present company began business in 1881. As a co- operative enterprise it was an experiment. It has proved eminently successful. Its capital is twenty thousand dollars. Fifty-five men are employed. Small castings are its specialty, in which it ex- cels, and New England is its chief market. Its busi- ness averages more than sixty thousand dollars an- nually. Patrick Harry is president; T. W. Keely, foreman: T. I'.. Crowley, manager and treasurer. Flathei: >x CO., manufacturers of machinists' tools, engine and hand-lathes and special machinery, are located at the Concord Railroad .function. They employ thirty-six men, and the value of their annual production is fifty thousand dollars. This firm com- menced business in lSl'ili, and have won the reputa- tion of making perfect machines, which they are now- sending to every part of the country. The Nashua Press i nd Boiler-Works, owned by J. J. Crawford, are located at the Concord Kail- road Junction, employ eighteen to twenty men, and manufacture steam-boilers, steaming cylinders, water and oil-tanks and plate-iron work of every kind. The specialty of these works is the hydraulic power-press, with the hollow steam-plates and connections, which is used by woolen manufacturers in pressing woolen cloths anil knit-g Is. The value of the annual sales is forty-five thousand dollars. These works were burned last January, but are being rebuilt on the same site. George A. Rollins & Co., on Mason Street, manufacture steam-engines of the most improved action and power, and employ fourteen bands. The shop and tools are new. The Warner & Whitney Machine-Shop is un- der the management of George H. Whitney. It employs forty men, and makes Swaine's turbine water-wheels and machinists' lathes. The value of its production is fifty thousand dollars annually. The American Sheaker Manufacturing Com- pany makes horse and barber clippers and sheep- shearing machines. They employ twenty-four men. Its market is the world. J. K. Priest is manager and treasurer. GEORGE W. Davis & Co. make stationary and portable steam-engines, boring-machines, and do tin- general repairing of machinery. They are located near the comer of Foundry and Mason Streets. Wood Manufacturing Industries.— The Nashua Bobbin ami Si i. Company is a long- established industry. Of its origin and progress in earlier times we have already written. It lias supplied mills in every part of the country. Within a few months it has been reorganized, with Frank H. Ayer, president and treasurer ; ( i. H. Hatch, clerk ; and Ira Cross, superintendent. It makes bobbins, spools and shuttles lor all kinds of textile fabrics, — cotton, woolen, silk, linen, hemp and jute; also rollers for skates and other kinds of wood-work. The works are located on Water Street. The floorage of the shops is nearly three acres, and its business this year one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and in good times twice thai amount. White birch and maple are material for spools and bobbins. Formerly apple-tree wood was used for shuttles, but of late dog-wood and persimmon are shipped from North Carolina. Gregg iV Son, located at the Concord Railroad Junction, manufacture doors, window-sash, blinds, mouldings and machine findings for builders. This industry was established in 1870, and occupies two large four-story buildings. They procure their lum- ber from the West and Canada, use one hundred horse-power of steam and employ one hundred and thirty men. New England is their largest customer, but orders are filled from California, Australia and the West Indies. BOWARD & Co., furniture manufacturers, make ash and black walnut chamber sets a specialty. They occupy three buildings on Merrimack Street for ma- chine-work, with thirty-live horse-power of steam, and have a large three-story building for finishing and storage, on Amherst Street, besides a large retail store on Main Street. Their entire floorage is two acres. They employ ninety men, and do a business annually of more than one hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars. CROSS ix TOLLES, manufacturers of window and door-frames, boxes and builders' findings, have three large buildings on Quincj Street. They employ forty hands, and do a large business in custom planing, matching, turning, scroll and gig-sawing and pattern- work. Their lumber and manufactured sales are one bundled thousand dollars annually. Proctor Brothers, manufacturers of fish, syrup and provision casks, kits and kegs, began business in Hollis in 1870, and removed to Nashua iu 1881. They employ seventy-five men. They have a large mill, store-house, simp and two dry-houses. Their motive-power i- a one hundred and twenty-five torsi ■ power steam-engine. Market in the large cities. They use white-pine lumber for the most part, and at the present time obtain it in Hudson, Litchfield and other neighboring towns. They make three hundred thousand casks and kits yearly. The Fletcher & Webster Fi i;m n ki:< Iompany make wood and marble-top centre tables, hat-trees. whatnots, cribs, cradles and other varieties of useful and ornamental w 1-work. They occupy three large buildings, employ forty hands, and make sales amount- ing to fifty thousand dollars annually. J. 31. Fletcher is president and manager. The Nasiuw Novelty Works make fancy bird- cages, children's rocking-horses, wagons, doll-car- riages and toys of all kinds. It has two spacious shops, and employs fifteen hands. Its sales are about fifteen thousand dollars yearly. J. 31. Fletcher is proprietor. G. O. Sanders' saw and box-mill, near the Hudson bridge, was started in L882. He uses a sixty horse- power engine, employs thirty men, ami does a business of over fifty thousand dollars annually. Holt Brothers, on the line of the Acton Railroad, have a mill, forty by eighty feet, and four stories, with an annex of thirty by thirty-eight feet. The mill was built in 1884, and has new and improved machinery. They have a forty horse-power engine, and, including their building contracts, employ one hundred men. The Invalid Bed Manufactory is a new enter- prise, located in the three-story brick building on Lowell Street. The invalid bed made by this com- pany is unequaled for its merits, and will have an extensive use. Evan B. Hammond is president ; F. A. McLean, treasurer; J.Q. A. Sargent, superintendent. Luther A. Roby >V- Son are the largest manu- facturers and dealers in ship timber in New Hamp- shire. Their market is chiefly at Boston and Charles- town. Their yard is south of Temple Street and west of the Concord station. The timber is largely oak, and is mostly obtained from the Upper Merrimack Valley. The Isaac Eaton Company, for the manufacture of bobbins and shuttles, has new buildings on ( barb s Street. The main buildingis one hundred and twenty- six by forty feet. The head of the company has had a long and successful experience. The works are new and the machinery of the most improved kind. Isaac Eaton is president; Elmer W. Eaton, treasurer ; G. E. Holt, superintendent. Roger W. Porter, Hollis Street, is manufacturer of shuttles, bobbins and spools for cotton-mills. His factory is sixty-five by twenty-five feet, with engine of twenty horse-power. He employs twenty hands. General Manufacturing Industries.— bin; Na- shi a Card a.nd Glazed Paper Company is a large- nil industry. We have already given its early history. In bsi'cj. Horace W. Gilman became a member of the linn, then consisting of C. 1'. Gage, t >. D. Murray and V. C. Gilman. In 1864 the Gilman Brothers bought the interest of the two other partners, and in 1866 obtained from the Legislature the present charter of the company, but did not organize under it till 1869, when the firms of Gilman Brothers and Mur- ray, Pierce >V Co. were consolidated and organized under the charter as the NashuaCard and Glazed Paper Company, with a capital of one hundred thousand dol- lars. The first board of directors were V. C. Gilman, H. W. Gilman, T. F. Pierce, I >. D. .Murray and G. D. Murray. 0. D. Murray was elected president and II. W. Gilman treasurer. In January, 1873, Virgil C. ( rilman sold his interest to the remaining members of the company. The capital was increased to one hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars, and the plant removed from the old Washington House to its present loca- tion. In January, 1883, 0. D. Murray sold his inter- est, and the new directors elected were H. W. Gilman, T. P. Pierce, Franklin Fierce, W. V. Gilman, E. T. Pierce, C. H. Hill, J. W. White. T. F. Fierce was chosen president, and II. W. Gilman treasurer, which officers are still in service. This has been one ofthemoM successful enterprises in Nashua, its business steadily increasing until its manufactures are sent to uearly every city in the Union, and are to be found in the remote mining towns of Colorado. They have been sent to Italy, Mexico and South America. Its consumption is from three to lour tons of paper per day ; its shipments in 1884 amounted to fifteen hundred and seventy-eight tons, or over five tons per day. An average of hundred hands are employed, and the annual produc- tion is three hundred thousand dollars. To maintain so large a business against large competition, and through periods of business depression, has required careful management, and success is due to the fact that every department has been under the direct su- pervision of someone of the leading owners, wdio have applied to the work their practical experience. Moody, Estabrook & Anderson, manufac- turers of boots and shoes, Hollis Street, established their business in 1879. Their building is one hundred and eighty by thirty-five feet and four stories high. Power is obtained from the powerful engine in Chand- ler's grain elevator. This firm gives employment to two hundred and titty hands, and manufactures five hundred thousand 1 tsand shoes for the Western and Southwestern States. Its sales amount in the aggre- gate to nearly six hundred thousand dollars annually. By judicious management this firm has secured a good reputation, and its business has added to the prosper- ity of the city. The White Mountain Freezer Company was started in Laconia in 1-S72, burned out and re-estab- 198 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, .NEW HAMPSHIRE. lished in Nashua in 1881. The main building is two hundred by forty feet, store-house two hundred by thirty feet, foundry one hundred and sixty by forty feet, and several small More-houses upon its tour acres. It manufactures ice cream freezers, using a million feet of lumber ami a large amount of tin ami iron an- nually. Every piece of goods manufactured by the company is from the raw material. Its product finds a market in every part of the world. Engine, one hundred horse-power; men employed, one hundred ami twenty ; pay roll, three thousand five hundred dol- larsmonthly ; business, one hundredand fifty thousand dollars annually. This enterprise is growing rapidly. Thomas Sands is superintendent and proprietor. Charles H. Burke's Bakery is located at 13 and 15 Mulberry Street. It is the best-equipped bakery in the State. In addition to the making id' wheat and corn bread of every variety, it makes crack- ers a leading specialty, furnishing every style from the small oyster to the huge pilot cracker. It also makes wedding goods, pics and every style of cakes. It employs sixteen hands, and all the appointments are kept in a neat and suitable condition. I in So LFSTONE- WORKS of < lharles Williams, at the Concord Railroad Junction, employ thirty men, and manufacture stoves, sinks, wash-trays, register-frames and soapstone work of every kind. The quarry is in Francestown, N. II., and furnishes the best soap- stone in the United States. New York, Boston and Philadelphia are the leading markets for these goods. CHARLES HolmAN, wholesale manufacturer of con- fectionery, is located in Spalding ec Holman's Block, South Main Street. He employs twenty-four men ami sends iomhIs to every part of the State. A. H. DUNLAF & Son, seedsmen, in Dunlap's Block, put up twelve thousand boxes of garden and flower-seeds annually, and are the largest seed dealers in the State. S. S. Davis, paper box manufacturer, on Railroad Square, began business in 1867. It is now an estab- lished industry, uses steam-power and the most im- proved machinery. Mr. Davis uses about one hun- dred tons of straw board annually, which is obtained from the nulls at the West. Twenty-four hands, mostly females, are employed, and the annual produc- tion of goods is twenty thousand dollars. S. D. Chasm. Kit, at Worcester depot, manufactures flour from Western wheat, and at Concord depot makes the hydraulic cement sewer-pipe. 0. W. REED, Mason Street, makes at his brass foundry all kinds of brass, copper and composition castings anil Babbit metal. L.E. Burbank manufactures standard overalls of various patterns on Railroad Square. Mrs. M. E. Kimball, North Middle Street, and Miss Barber, Belvidere, manufacture knit goods, such as mittens, gloves and shirts, and employ from thirty to seventy hands each. There are other individual en- terprises employing more or less people, but the list above shows the extent and variety of the industries of Nashua. The agricultural territory of Nashua, limited in ex- tent, is yet of considerable importance. Among the owners of good farms within the city limits are Luthet A. Roby, Otis Searles, John 1'. Cummings, Ufred I'- Kendall, Mrs. Horace Tolles, Mrs. Alfred Godfrey, John C. Lund. J. L. H. Marshall, Charles F. Tolles, Elliot Whitford, Stilman Swallow, Charles Lund, David Roby, Jam,- Roby, Alfred Chase, B. F. Cotton, Frank II. Aver, V. ('. Gilman and heirs of T. J. baton. There are some hue apple orchards in the south part ofihe town, and in no part of the State are better pears raised than within two miles of the city hall. Municipal Statistics. — Since the incorporation of Nashua as a city the mayors have been: Josephus aldwin, 1853-5 ; t oar, s. i i i-56; Thomas w. Gillis, 1> : , Ml, in Beard 18 V. Saw i, I860 . rgi Bowers, 1861 ; Hiram T. M I dward Spalding, 1864 Virgil C. on nan, 1865 ; oil ii, , I- 16-67 ; Oeorge Bowers, 1808 . Jothai on, rson, 1- „t, 18" l . Seth 0. Chan i.uik A. McK ,ni. 1ST ,'t |" rge H Whitney, 1875 Charles Will mis, 1STC.-77 ; \ ill It Cook, 1878 ; Charles Holman 1879^8 l : Bi ,. i 1 leti hei 1881 -82 Sorton, 1883-84; Johl V. Spalding, 1885. The following is the list of attorneys-at-Iaw in prac- tice at this time (June, 1885) : Aaron I' Stevens, William w. Bailey, Charles H. Burns, Henry B. Atherton, Edward S Cutter, James 1: Fassett, rge B. Trench, Ed- ward E. Parker, Koyal D. Barnes, Charles W, Hoitt, E. B. Gould, H. E. Cutter, J, B. Parker, I., I' Burbank, .tuiaes A. Leach, Jeremiah ,l. Doyle. practicing The following is the list of ph; in this city at this time : S. G Dearborn, H..G Dearborn, E. ' . Colburn, E. F. McQuesten, G. i Wilbi i, ,i ve 2d), .1 C Garland, w. s. Coll l; l: l'i ott, C B. Ha loud, G A. Underbill, J \ V. Iward, R. J. ii, ill. en, i s. Rounsevel, o. E. Ellis, John Nottage, Frank A. In nil,,, in, I' B. Dansereau, \ . w Pettit, Eugeni Wason, A. M. Spald- ing. CITY OFFICERS, The following is a list of the members of the school iniitiee lor term ending 1885: Jacob Lcroy, J. B. Fassett. J. L. H. Marshall, < '. W. Hoitt. For term ending 1886: Gilman C. Shattuck, (i. W. Currier, 0. \V. Stephens, Jason E. Tolles. For term ending 1S87: .1. W. Howard, W. P. Hussey.C. V. Dearborn, Elbert Wheeler. Superintendent of Schools, Frederic KelseV. SCHOOL-TEACHERS. High Sd I - Spring Street, Edwin .1. Goodwin (principal), Clara .1. McKean, Delia 1. Hayv, 1, Emma r Johnson, II, ra V Urn Is Gran it s, hot h, — vii Pleasant, Edward C Burbeck (principal), Clara I Thompson, Annie VI Putnam, I II i C. McLaren , Spring Street, tivini i I. Dodge, Celia T. Garland, 1 Us A. Kimball, H. Adella. McKean, Adelaide M. Klttridge. Kiln F. Wheeler, Lulu L. 'fuzcc6c*t* /) %»>U%J NASHUA. Middle Schools.— Main Street, Letitia G. Campbell, Josie B. Hale, Eninm G. Osborn, Delia P.Fiske; Mt. Pleasant, Margarel A Neil, Ida M. Hoyt; Hal-bur, Fannie D. Parker, Etta C. Marble; Belvidere, Clara E. Upton; O'Donnell, Sarah C. Whittle, Primary School*.— Main Street, Ellen M. Sullivan, [da F. Wallace, Fannie A. Morrison, ll.iiti>- E. Farley; Mt Pleasant, Cora B. Cook, Sural. A. Collins, Anna E. Bussell ; Palm Street, ttarj I. Hammond, Ellen Pea Lizzie M. Hamn Case; Harbor, Alar S. Hams, Fannie E. Clark; O'Donnell, Mary A. Dean, Estello ('. Shallnrk ; Urlvnlrir, Fllen I, lieilly; l-algeville, Lizzie Morgan. Sa&uroioi Schools.— District No. 1, Helen M White; District No 2, Euminie I. Flair!"!-: I 'i-Ti i.t V> :'., Matlle .1 Mai shall ; I'istl ht Xm I, Hannah M. Swallow; District No. 5, Annie s Tolles ; District No. 6, Nellie G. McClure ; Distort No. 7. Bertha I,, llolden, There were thirty-one graduates from the High School in 1885, the term rinsing on the 29th of June. The summer vacation of late years is twelve weeks, the fall session beginning the middle of September. In closing this history of Nashua, we will only say that we hope the reader, whether a citizen or a stranger, a resident or one of the many who have found homes elsewhere, will find in the pages which describe the olden times and the more recent events of our city something to awaken a deeper interest in her present welfare and her future prosperity. The next historian of Nashua will, no doubt, write, more worthily of her, but will not close his work with better feelings toward her people. BIOGRAPHICAL SKEK Ml I'.s. HOX. ISAAC SPALDING. Hon. Isaac Spalding, of Nashua, was the son of Captain Isaac Spalding, and was born in New Ips- wich, N. H., February 1, 1796. The family moved to Wilton, N. H., in 1800. His father was a man of good education for those times, but his means were moderate. His son, therefore, bad a limited educa- tion, and was very early thrown upon bis own re- sources. In 1809, at the age of thirteen, he went to Amherst, N. H., as the clerk of Robert Reed, Esq., a leading merchant of that place, with whom he continued in that capacity seven years. In 1816 be became a partner of Mr. Reed, and remained in that situation ten years, being lor the most of the time the post- master. In 1826, Mr. Spalding moved to Nashua, where be s i became the leading dry-goods merchant of the then new and thriving village. After twelve years in business be retired from it to engage in railroad enterprises, chiefly in the Concord Railroad, with which he was connected for twenty-five years. He- was among the first who saw the importance of a railroad connection between the lakes and tide-water, and gave his aid to those enterprises. There was no more systematic and ellicient business man in Hillsborough County than Mr. Spalding, and such was the confidence in his impartiality that in the most heated political contests he was often chosen moderator by unanimous consent. He was several years a representative in the Legislature, and, under the city charter, was a member of the Hoard of Alder- men, lie was a member of the State i institutional ( lonvention in 1850, and of the < b.\ ernor's ( Jouncil in L866-67 and in 1867-68. Mr. Spalding was elected one of the trustees of tin- State Asylum for the Insane in 1863, and was chosen president of the board in 1869. He was one of the earliest advocates of 1 1 it- Concord Railroad and its first treasurer, and, from its incorporation in 1835 to 1866, he served either as treasurer, director or presi- dent. He was for more than twenty-live years presi- dent of the Nashua Hank, a State institution, which closed its business in 1869, having never made a bad debt or lost a dollar. In the War of the Rebellion he was a financial agent of the government, and assist. -d in providing the means of our country's success. Mr. Spalding, at the time of his death, in May, 1X70, was one of the richest men in New Hampshire, having acquired his property by industry and economy, united with a wise forecast and untiring energy. He left no surviving children. In May, 1828, lie married Lucy, daughter of Nathan Kendall, of Amherst, who was born December 13, 1706. Two sons were born to them, — Edward Francis, in 1831, ami Isaac Henry, in 1840. Both of them died in childhood. Mrs. Spalding is still living, and resides in the family mansion on Main Street, in Nashua. JOSIAH G. GRAVES, M.i>. Among the most honored names of medical men in Hillsborough County during the last half-century is that of Josiah G. Craves. No history of Nashua would be complete that would not give a sketch of one for so long a period identified as one of its representative physicians, and. win., to-day, retired from practice, retains the vigor of middle life, the power ol accurate thoughl and just and quick conclusion, the firmness of an honest and truthful nature and the suavity and courtesy of the gentlemen of the " old school." Josiah ( Iriswold Graves, M.D., was born July 13, 1811, in Walpole, N. II., one of the loveliest villages of the beautiful Connecticut Valley. His father was a well-to-do farmer, and his mother a woman of su- perior mind and excellent judgment, who looked well to the ways of her household, as did the notable women of that period. Ralph Waldo Emerson af- firmed that man is what the mother makes him. Much of truth as there undoubtedly is in that asser- tion, it does not tell the whole truth. Past genera- tions, as well as the beloved mother, have contributed to the building of the man. Physical peculiarities, physical aptitudes and mental tendencies have been transmitted by the ancestors, and in the case of this L'OO HISTORY OF HILLSL'.OltorCH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. mother and son, who shall say that the mother's nature, intensified by the inheritance of powers from progenitors strong physically and mentally, did not so influence the son as to make his successful career certain from the start, forcing him from the uncon- genial vocation of a tiller of the soil into a mission of healing during a long range of years? From an able article in "Successful New Hamp- shire Men " we extract as follows: "Not having a fancy for farming, and thus acting contrary to the wishes of his father, he left home at the age of eigh- teen, with his mother's blessing and one dollar in money, determined upon securing an education and fitting himself for the medical profession. He de- frayed the expenses of his education by his own individual efforts and native will and industry, by teaching both day and evening, and was remark- ably successful in his labors. Being a natural penman, he also gave instruction in the art of pen- manship." He commenced the study of his profession in 1829. He was a student in medicine in the office of Drs. Adams and Twitched, of Keene, and subsequently attended medical lectures at Pittsfield, Mass., and graduated at the Medical Department of Williams College in 1834. Afterwards he spent six months in the office of Drs. Huntington and Graves iu Lowell. Dr. Graves commenced the practice of medicine in Nashua, N. 11.. September 15, 1834. At this time Nashua was a comparatively young town. It was but a brief period, however, before the energy, determi- nation and superior medical and surgical skill of the young physician carved out for him an extensive practice. For forty years be followed his profession in Nashua and the adjoining region with untiring assiduity and with a success that has but few par- allels. Fie loved bis profession and gave to it his best powers. He was gifted in a remarkable degree with a keen insight into the nature of disease, and, of course, bis success was in proportion to his fitness for his calling. Fie did not need to he told symptoms; be knew by intuition where the break in the consti- tution was and how to rebuild and give new life. He was made for his profession, and not bis profession for him, which is t ften the case. After several years' practice, desirous of further improvement, he look a degree at Jeiier>on College, Philadelphia. At tbetime of the Rebellion the Governor and Council of New Hampshire appointed him a member of the Medical Board of Examiners. Dr. Craves retired from active practice in 1871. He has been for many years a valued member of the New Hampshire Slate Medical Association. In 1852 he delivered an address before that body on a subject which was of the greatest moment, and at that time occupied the attention of the leading members oi the medical profession in all manufacturing centres. This address was on -The Factory System and its Influence on the Health of the Operatives." It was bold, incisive and fearless, and won high praise for the careful investigation which it showed, its ex- haustive treatment and its convincing logic. He Iv the ground (in opposition to Dr. Bartlett, who stated that the death-rate of Lowell was less than the surrounding towns) that the young people went to the mills, and the old people stayed on the farms, and after a few years, when mill-life bad broken their constitutions, the operatives returned to their birth- places and did not die in Lowell. Much care was taken in the preparation of the address. Factory after factory was visited, and hundreds of operatives consulted. The conclusions reached by Dr. Graves wei e accepted as correct. He ha- had a most remarkable practice in obstet- rics, and has a complete.' record of five thousand cases. We give as an illustration of Dr. Graves' won- derful accuracy and system one fact well worthy tin' attention of all physicians. From his first day's prac- tice he, every night, posted his books for that day's business and now has the entire set bound in fine morocco, with all entries in his own clear writing and without a blot to mar the symmetry of the page. Every business transaction has been inserted in his " diary," which is equal in accuracy to that famous one of John Quincy Adams, and many an old soldier has hail occasion to thank Dr. Craves for the facts derived from these books, by which he has secured his bounty, back pay or pension. Dr. Graves has been much interested in railroads, east and west ; has been a director in the Nashua and Lowell Railroad and other roads. He is a director in the Faneuil Hall Insurance Company and in the Metropolitan Steamship Line, ami is also connected with many other financial interests of a comprehen- sive character. He has a business office in Boston, and manages his large estate with as much foresight ity as many younger men. He has always manifested a deep interest in the application of science <<> business purposes, believed firmly in the financial success of the electric light where many shrewd men considered ii an impracticable scheme, and was one of the earlier investors in its stock. His faith has been munificently repaid, and he is now a large holder of the most valuable stock in this field. From the first, Dr. Graves has been in warm sym- pathy with the principles of tin' Democratic party as enunciated by Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson and other leaders, and has fearlessly, at all times and under all circumstances, championed what be believed to be for the " greatest good to the greatest number," conceding with a broad liberality the same rights to every other citizen which he exercises him- self. He has received the thirty-second degree of Masonry, ami is a Unitarian in religion. He believes "in a < ihristian observance of the Sabbath ; that Sab- bath-schools should be supported, for on them rests the moral safety of the country ; that the ' Golden Rule ' should be the guide for all our actions.' " S*-i/£-t NASHUA. The family relations of Dr. Graves have been most felicitous. He marriedMary Webster, daughter of Colonel William Boardman, of Nashua, in 1846. She was descended from two of the ablest New Eng- land families, — Webster ami Boardman, — and was a most estimable ami Christian lady. For many years she was a devoted member of the Unitarian Church and an earnest worker in all good causes. Kind and sympathetic, courteous to all, with a quiet dignitj and purity of demeanor, she was a cherished mem- ber of society and an exemplar of the highest type of Christian womanhood. She died December 26, L883. •'As a man. Dr. Graves is distinguished for his firmness. J I is opinions he maintains with resolute- ness until good reasons induce him to change them. He means yes when he says 'yes,' and do when he says 'no.' He is a man of positive character. It is needless to say that, while such a man always has enemies (as what man of ability and energetic character has not'.'), be has firm and lasting friends, — friends from the fact that they always know where to find him. Among the many self-made men whom New Hampshire has produced, he takes rank among the first, and by bis indomitable energy, industry and enterprise lias not only made bis mark in the world, but has achieved a reputation in bis profession and business on which himself and friends may reflect with just pride." SAMUEL G, DEARBORN, M.I>.' Among the first settlers of Exeter, N. H., nearly two and a half centuries ago, was a family by the name of Dearborn. The descendants of this family are now to be found in every county of New Hampshire, and are numerous in several of them. Beginning at an early date, it is worthy of note that with the Dearborn family in this State the practice of medicine lias been a favorite occupation. In the hist century Portsmouth, North Hampton, Seabrook and Notting- ham had each a physician of marked reputation bearing the name, and to-day several among the abler physicians of the State are of the same des :ent. Samuel Gerrish Dearborn, son of Edmund and Sarah Dearborn, was born in Northfield, this State, August 10, 1827. I lis father was an honest, industrious farmer, and his mother attended well to the duties of the household. He was educated at the district school, the Sanbornton Academyand the New Hamp- shire Conference Seminary. He began the study of medicine with Dr. Wood- bury, at Sanbornton Bridge, in 1847, and graduated from the Medical Department of Dartmouth College in November, 1849. After a few months' prai tice al East Tilton, in February, 1850, he opened an office at Mont Vernon, where he began to acquire a repu- tation as a skillful, safe and sagacious physician. l By .Mm II. i. unit,],-. In June, ls,~>;;. Dr. Dearborn removed to Milford, where he had alreadj gained some practice. The people of Milford are widely known as an intelligent, discriminating and progressive community. It is no place for a moral or medical quack. For twi Dr. Dearborn had an increasing practice, not only in Milford and the adjoining towns, but patients fre- quently came from a distance. Nashua being a railroad centre. Dr. Dearborn came to this city in May, 1873. J I is practice for the past eight years has been more extensive than that of any other physician in the State. A large proportion of bis patients are from a distance. Grafton, Belknap and Coos Counties each furnish a large number annually, and this has been the result of no adver- tising other than thai ol' Ins successful treatment. Of late he has found it advisable to travel for health and relaxation. In 1884 he made, with his family, an extensive trip on the Pacific coast and through the Territories of the Northwest. Early in 1885 he visited Mexico, and made excursions to various [mints of interest which are now attracting the attention of our people. During the Rebellion, Dr. Dearborn, in 186 1 . served one year as surgeon of the Eighth Regiment of New Hampshire Volunteers in Louisiana, and in the summer of 1 ,si.;:.i he served in the same position for three m b> in the Army of the Potomac. On the 5th of December, 1853, he married Miss Henrietta M. Starrete, of Mont Vernon, an educated and accomplished woman. They have, two sons. The elder, Frank A., was born September 21, 1857, studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, and graduated in 1883. lie is associated with his father in practice at Nashua. The younger son, Samuel G., is a wide-awake, healthy school-boy of thirteen years. In politics Dr. Dearborn is a Republican, and represented Milford two years in the State Legislature. Denominationally, he is associated with the Unitarian Society of Nashua. HOST. CHARLES HOLMAN. Hon. Charles Holman, son of Porter and Persia (Reed) Holman, was bom in Sterling, Mass., No- vember 7, 1833. lli> parents being in humble circum- stances, I lharles early left home to begin the battle of life, and fighl his wa\ step by step through the world from poverty to wealth and an honorable position, un- aided by any resource save bis own will and hands. When he was eleven years old he went to work on a farm, where he remained until he was sixteen; he then went to West F.o\lston, Mass., where he was en- gaged in making boots andshoes for four years. From his savings be pur based bis tiim of his lather, and attended school at Fort Edward, N. Y., for a year. The sedentary life and cramped position of his em- ployment had seriously impaired his health, and, in hopes of improving it, be became a book canvasser, 202 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. and in 1856 came for the first time into New Hamp- shire, to sell "The Life of General John C. Fremont," the first Republican candidate for President. He was accompanied by a fellow-workman, William W. Col- burn, afterwards a prominent Methodist clergyman, and at one time chaplain of Charlestown (Mass.) State Prison. (These young men had aided each other in obtaining what education they had acquired, and Mr. Hohnan subsequently had the pleasure of ena- bling Mr. ( Jolburn to pursue his studies in his chosen . i They traveled through New Hampshire for several months, but the pecuniary results of the trip were not encouraging, and Mr. Colburn returned to West Boylston and his trade, while Mr. Holman continued the canvass, determined not to return to the bench. Although it did no1 prove lucrative as a ill the canvass was valuable to the young man, giving him a knowledge of human nature and fixing upon his mind so strongly the principles of Republicanism that he has never deviated one iota from the principles and platform of which John C. Fremont was the representative. While canvassing he obtained a chance to travel for E. K. Smith, con- fectioner, of Hanover, and he entered his employ for a year. In the fall of 1857, Mr, Holman, then twenty- four rears of age. came to Nashua, and tor three years was a traveling salesman for Colonel J. ( '. Kempton, confectioner. For a year afterwards he was employed in the same capacity by Chapman iSc (.'ram. Much of this time his health was so delicate that it was only by the strongest exertion of his will that he kept at his lahor, and, at the close of his engagement with the last-named firm he had a severe hemorrh: lungs, which lor six months entirely incapacitated him for business. About lSi'.l he engaged as a manufacturer of confectionery in Nashua, and has ever since been identified with the growth and enterprise of the city. His business of five thousand dollars per annum has enlarged to two hundred thousand dollars a year, with forty employes instead of the two who were with him at his commencement. One Friday night,, about twelve o'clock, in 1874 or is;."., Mr. Holman's manu- fai ii.p. was totall; destroyed bj tire. IF' immedi- ately purchased Colonel Kempton's manufactory and two houses on West Pearl Street, had, bi o'clock the nest in irning after the tire, ordi material, ami the last of the succi i off to his customers new • 1- which he had manu- factured. This prompt action is characterisl ic of the man and his manner of conducting business. He remained on Pearl Street until June. 1882, when, sell- ing this property, he leased a building on Main Street of Hon. J. A. Spaulding, where he continued manu- facturing until January, 1883, when he was again burned out. lie then erected the brick block on Main Street which hears his name, where he now carries on business. Mr. Holman has held numerous positions of public trust, the duties of which have been conscientiously discharged with credit to himself and honor to his constituents, lie was alderman of Nashua two years, member of the School Hoard two years, was a mem- ber of the Lower House of State Legislature 1869 70, a State Senator 1875-76, and president of the Senate the hitter year, mayor of Nashua 1878-79. lb- is a director of the First National Rank of Nashua, and one of the directors of the Worcester. Nashua and Rochester Railroad. He was a delegate from New Hampshire to that notable Republican National I lon- vention at Chicago, in 1880, which nominated James A. Garfield for President. He is a Congregationalist in religious belief', and president of the Pilgrim Church Society of Nashua. He has been largely identified with temperance work, especially in con- nection with the Nashua Temperance Reform Club. He has taken the thirty-second degree of Masonry, and belongs to the Encampment of Odd-Fellows. Mr. Holman married, November 1. L 863, Mary S., daughter of George W. and Susan (Marston) Osgood, of Amesbury, Mass. Their only surviving child, i ten li - Francis, \\a> born September 29, 1866. In all his business relations .Mr. Holman is known as thoroughly prompt and upright, and no man in the city has a more honored reputation. In all his rela- tions, whether business, social or political, he has en- joyed the full confidence of those with whom he has come in contact. Of unusual public spirit, he has always welcomed and given generously to every good cause, and no deserving person ever went away from him empty-handed. His own lite having been an unaided struggle against poverty and adverse circum- stances, his sympathies have ever been responsive to the call- of those who, like himself, are bravely fight- ing the battle of life. Mr. Holman posse the power to keenly analyze any subject coming before him, and to detect any flaws of logic or fact. 1 le can gracefully, as well as forcibly, express himself in writing and Bpeaking, and, with a large fund of humor, is a public speaker of entertaining and con- vincing power. A skillful business man. versed in public affairs, ripe in experience, an ardent Repub- lican, a true friend, and in full sympathy with every nei\ m to i vate and advance the best interests of the community, he is one whom the citizens of Nashua are pleased to number among her honored NORMAN JOHN MACLEOD MOORE, M.I' Nonnan John Macleod Moore, M.D., was a de- scendant of an ancient and honorable family, which for generations has been renowned in the military profession. The family were originally from Dorset. shire. England. They received from Cromwell, for military services, the estate and lands of Saleston, near Carton. Ireland, which remained in the family until a late date. His maternal ancestors were of Scotch origin, his great-grandmother being the only daughter of Norman John Macleod, the celebrated NORMAN J. M. MOORE. 0.J&. NAS1II V. chief of the historical Macleod clan of Dunvegan Castle, Isle oi Skye. This castle is probably the oldest inhabited castle in Scotland, and famous in Scotch history. l>r. .Moure was born in A.berdeen ; Scotland. His preparatory education was acquired there, and at a very early age he was graduated with high honors at the celebrated Oxford College. He then studied medicine and surgery at the University of Dublin, Ireland, and of Edinburgh, Scotland, receiving diplomas from the same, and after seven years of study and practice in the hospitals, he was graduated at the Royal College of Surgery, in London, in January, 1842. His superior medical education and especial adaptability for his chosen profession led him to desire a broader field of practice, and he came to this country, and after practicing three years in the Marine Hospital at Chelsea, Mass., [resettled in Deny, N. H., where he remained about live years. lint his reputation and practice soon extended, and for conve- nience and other considerations he removed to Nashua and for nearly thirty years was a resident of this city. Unquestionably, Dr. Moore stood af the head of the medical profession in New Hampshire. For more than a quarter of a century he was called in the most difficult and delicate cases of surgery, and he was em- inently successful in restoring to health innumerable patients whose cases were considered incurable, and number- still bless him for his wonderful (aires and remarkable power in diagnosis. His extended educa- tion and admitted skill made him a valuable expert witness, and although his modesty made him shrink from the notoriety, yet he was often called to testify in the more important Slate eases, and many times in other and remote States. Dr. Moore was a man of winning manner.-, attrac- tive social qualities, and as such was a most excellent family physician, and the | r always received equal care with those able to reward him munificently. His nature was large, generous and sympathetic, but, with the inherited trails ot' his Scotch ancestry, he ne\er forgot a favor or an injury. With his enthusiastic love for his chosen field of labor, he wasa kind friend and adviser to younger members of the profession, to whom he always gave the assisting hand. Of a most genial and sunny temperament, courtly in his bearing, and yet at all times easily approached and unpreten- tious, even a timid child felt at ease in his company, and soon became his acquaintance and friend. He was amiable and considerate in his home, popular among his acquaintances, a valuable member of hi- 1 profession and a good citizen, always ready to respond to the demands made upon him. He was a member of the Church of the Good Shepherd. Although a great sufferer for many years from asthma, he never complained or murmured, and attended to his business until too feeble to enter his carriage. He died in Nashua, December 31, 1882, in the last hour of the last day of the closing year, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. 14 We lit tin;. theresoluti. .villi a copy of i- .,1 Nashua. ih. i Diverse to re- , which in- hind u illi I. in.d l.rnlhri , ll i. mi (Mil Ml the Rightfu a. a. lire ii' plai i|ii:ililic'(Uiuiin of the ■ ■ ifess , .',"i lii 1 ■ c hi ll" 'I' n'li '■! I'l M -I. ((■■ .ii, -.1, i |h -,ii ill, , ,.l Ih,,-,- . id ii-:--, I : .\u.- -I. j -:i.l.-l ii [ ei .i- ,,, I - I u [-,!-, , It,.' Iiiilill- ,,t Ih- ,.(-.- .mil tic- -I III, I I- .ni,l >killlul ;([,[,lic:(ti,ili ,,: "Resolved, That we tender to the f.imily ;m.l 1 1 i.-o.l. ..I ll,, ,1,,,;, , the expreaj C our sincere and hearl felt Bympathy in this sad affliction. " liV.-fi'„/, Tli:it 111,- nielnlircs ul tin- pn-lessi-ili ilUrll.l tile fimenil in a body, and that a copy oi these resolutions be transmitted to the t. iv ol the deceased and also !-- the local papers for publication." OR] \\l ANA MURRAY. Orlando Dana Murray, son of David and Margaret (Forsyth) Murray, was born in Hartland, \'t., March 12, 1818. The first American ancestor of this branch of the Murray family was Isaac Murray, wdio came from Scotland to Londonderry (now Derry), N. H. lie was married, in 177 I, I o Elizabeth, daughter of John Durham and granddaughter of Mary (Tol- f'ord) Durham, sister of Deacon William Tolford. Isaac Murray and wife went to Belfast, Me., where they passed their lives. They had four children, of whom the oldest, David and Jonathan (twins), were born October 30, 177- r >. David, when a. young man, moved to Chester, N. 11., where he worked at his trade, that of carpenter and builder, for some years. He belonged to a cavalry troop in the War of 1812, and for his services received a grant of land from the government, and his widow a pen- sion. From Chester he removed to Hartland, Vi. returned to Chester in 1822, and in 1825 settled in Nashua, where he resided for twenty-five years, dying at the age of seventy-five, lie was a Wesleyah Meth- odist, and was married three times. He married, December, 1807, his second wife, Margaret Forsyth, of Chester, N. IT, daughter of Lieutenant Robert and granddaughter of Deacon Matthew Forsyth. (Ivaeon Forsyth was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, graduated at the University of Edinburgh, went to Ireland and then emigrated to America, and settled, in 17H0, in Chester, N. II. II.- married Esther, daughter of Robert Graham, and was an enterprising business man, prominent in town and church affairs.) The children of David and Margaret Murray were Emeline Johnson, born at Belfast, Me., October 26, 1808 (mar- ried Deacon William Tenney) ; Laurana Tolford, born af Belfast, Me., December31, 1810; Leonidas, born in Chester, N. II., died in Hartland, Vt, June 3, 1816; Marietta, born in Hartland, Vt., January 3, 1816 (married Charles C. Flagg, of Mobile, Ala., and died September 11, 1853); and Orlando I>. Orlando Dana was the youngest child. He ac- 2(14 HISTORY OF HILLS ISOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. quired an excellent academii education at the cel- brated Pinkerton Academy at Derry, and afterward prepared for college with Colonel Isaac Kinsman, principal of Pembroke Academy, a noted military school of that day. His advantages were diligently improved, and in 1834, al sixteen 3 ears of age, instead of going to college, he entered what Horace Greeley called"the besl training-scl 1 in the world," the printing-office, becoming an apprentice in the office ..I' the Xis/,11,1 (,<: iit,\ thru edited by General Israel Hunt, Jr. His earnest application was not confined to the printer's trade, for, during the threeyears of bis apprenticeship and the subsequent four yi as a journeyman, he was also a clerk in the post-office, then under the administration of John M. Hunt. After his day's work at the ease he was occupied in the post-office until nine o'clock, besides assisting in the distribution of the mails during the day. The nature of the young man was not one to rest content in the condition of employe. He was keen, shrewd, energetic and desirous of making an indi pendent career in life, so in 1X41 he purchased a half-interest in the Miinrli,at,r M, iimriul, a weekly newspaper, and became editor, and also the publisher of a monthly periodical, the Iris. This connection continued only one year, when, in the fall of 1842, he sold his in- terest in Manchester, and, with A. I. Sawtell, estab- lished the Oasis, a weekly independent journal, in Nashua, and became its editor. The first number was issued January 1, 1843. The position was by no means a sinecure. Mr. Murray worked daily at the case, and his editorials were placed in type by himself without being written. The strong, earnest efforts of the young firm were rewarded by substantial results. The Oasis soon attained the largest circulation in this .section, and was highly prized. But Mr. Murray had other and valuable ideas. He hail no intention of spending his days in a country printing-office when he believed a more lucrative field was before him. He was a natural inventor and machinist ; he in- vented some printing-presses and deemed his services could command a higher price. In his brain originated and to him is due the establishment of one of Nashua's most successful manufactures. He sold li- the iWi'.N in • 1 toJ.E. 1 > idge, a member of the firm of Gill & Co., which immediately began the manufacture of card-board and glazed paper. This new enterprise not only a Horded tin,, scope for Mr. Murray's mechanical skill, but, like all such ventures, called also forthe other necessary elements to success, — patience, pluck and persistency. Mr. Murray and his partners, fortunately, were endowed with a more than ordinary share of these qualities, and finally the busi- ness swung clear of the rocks and breakers and reached the open sea of prosperity. The firm became Gage, Murray & Co. after a time, with Mr. Murray as manager ol the manufacturing department. In 1866, Messrs. Gage & Murray sol 1 their interests toGilman Brothers. After two years, in February, 1868, Mr. .Murray pur- chased the interest of John F. Marsh in a recently established manufactory, the Nashua Glazed Paper 1 !o. I he new firm took the title of Murray, Pierce &Co. This firm did business until the fall of 1869, when it was consolidated with that of Gillman Bros. in the stock company organized as the Nashua Card and< i lazed Pa per Co. Mr. Murray was elected president of the company on its organization and re-elected annual!) until 1883, when he retired from business. To Mr. Murray must be given a great share of the credit due for the development and permanency of this business, now one of the institutions of Nashua. Jle familiarized himself with the chemical qualities ot the colors, mixed them with bis own hands for years, until he had thoroughly instructed his son, George D., to take his [dace, lie invented the rotary card-cutter, and, by various devices, much improved the modus operandi of the manufacture. .Air. Murray was one of the original stockholders of the Na-hua Watch < !o., and a director of the same until the business was purchased by the Waltham Watch Co. and removed from Nashua. (This company took the greatest pains to produce, and undoubtedly did make, the finest watches ever manufactured, and its business was conducted as a separate department at Waltham, "the Nashua department" until No- vember, 1884.) During the larger part of the decade (1870-80) Mr. Murray was one-fourth owner of the Con- toocook Valley PaperCo., a very successful corporation located at West Ileimiker, N. II. He was a director and president of the board until the company was united with the Nashua Card and Glazed PaperCo., when the stock of the hitter was increased to two hundred thousand dollars. He was one of the original incor- porators and a director of the American Fan Com- pany during its existence. He has given his financial aid and counsel to many other undertakings, both railroad and manufacturing, and was one of the prime movers of the Pennichuck Water-Works. Mr. Murray was by education a Democrat, but soon after became a Whig, and since the Republican party organized has been connected with it. He waseleeted town clerk in 1849-^50-51, and was on theSchool Hoard for many years. After the city charter of Nashua was granted, in 1858-59, he was an alderman of Ward Seven. Erecting his present residence in 1861-62, he became, on occupying it, a resident of Ward Six, which he also represented as alderman in 1865. He was a member of the city Board of Education during the \car the schools were graded, and did efficient ser- vice. He was elected representative to the State Legislature of 1855, re-elected in 1856 and is the member for 1885-56. He has held the commission of justice of the peace for many years. His official positions have come to him without seeking, and have I. een held as public trusts to be conscientiously discharged. In 1843 Odd-Fellowship was first introduced into New Hampshire, at Nashua, by the formation of % *** NASHUA. Granite Lodge, No. 1. Mr. Murray was made a member at the first meeting, ami iias since held every office in the lodge. At the organization of the first encampment in tin' St ale (Nashoonon), also at Nashua, Mr. Murray drew lot No. 1, and was made the first member. He has been a delegate to both the < rrand Lodge and Grand Encampment several times. He is a member of the following Masonic bodies: Rising Sun Lodge, Nashua, since January 6, 1867, Meridian Sun Royal Arch Chapter, St. George Commandery, Council of Select Masters and the Consistory of the Thirty-second Degree. He is a member of the New Hampshire Club. Mr. Murray married, July 7, 1842, Mary J., daugh- ter of Solomon and Sarah (Wetherbee) Wetherbee. She was born at « loncord, N. II., April 2, 1821. Their children were George Dana (deceased; he was in the commissary department of the Army of the Potomac, and was with the advanced troops which entered Richmond at its surrender), Sarah L. (married Wil- liam A. Crombie, of Burlington, Vt., one of the resident managers of the Shepard & Morse Lumber Co.; they have three children, — William Murray, Arthur Choate and Maud Elizabeth), Levi Edwin (married Jane Russell Hopkins ; their children were Marie Louise, Charles Russell and Lizzie Crombie. He was in the lumber business in Springfield, Mass.. and Ogdensburgh, N. Y. He died February 18, 1880). Albert C. (deceased). Clarence A. and Charles 0. (married Lulu Bemis, and has two children, I reorge Bemis and Lilian Cushman. He graduated from Tuft's College in 1S77, succeeded bis brother in the lumber business and is a member of the J. A. Hoitt Company, manufacturing chemists of Nashua). Since the marriage of his daughter, Mr. Murray has become interested in several financial and busi- ness institutions of Burlington, and is now a director in the Burlington Shade Roller Co. Mr. Murray has always been noticeable for extreme urbanity and courteousness of manner, in a com- bination, at least unusual, with great force of character and unyielding determination in the i'aee of difficulties, and as evidence of the regard in which he is held by his townsmen, we submit the following extract from the Nashua Telegraph, March 13, 1884: "A Pleasant Social Gathebins of N ishua's Representative Citi- zens.— Spalding's llllll W.IS last ry.-llill- till' Si el.e ill' II very social gath- ering and successful surprise, some of tlie i y friends of Mr. 0. D. Murray, the former j.i .- i.l.n i ..f tin- Curd ..ml dazed paper Co., seizing the occasion of the gentleman's birth-day to preseni Mm with an unex- pected testi ial of their regard and esteem, Mr, Murray was d lyed to the spot on the pretense that it was desired hi the pr,,priet..r .if the hall to dedicate 1 1.. kill ,. ;l i,, i, v a s..]eet party nt "entli-men, and at tin- proper time Hon. Is Katun, in l.el.alt'nf (lie -ent lenien, presented .11 r Murray with an eh gant and costly gold-headed ebony cane, gracefully expressing the sentiments of respect felt for the recipient by the Bixty-six 11 «ti Murraj i gh completely surprised, responded most fit- tingly, and 'brought down the house 1 by his references to the 'first families' of the time of Cam and Abel. '■The company was then invited to partake ..t" an exe.-ll.-nl hnmpn t "It is rarely that a gathering in Nashua has contained so many of its most prominent citizens ami old residents." JEREMIAH W. WHITE. On the head-waters of Suncook River, in the cen- tral region of New Hampshire, is the town of Pitts- field. It is limited in extent, undulating in surface. rich in the quality of its soil. Its earliest settlers were sturdi farmers, men and women, who, from infancy, had been accustomed to the hardships and privations of pioneer life. Among these settlers was Josiah White, who, with his wile of Scottish origin, in the spring of 177-"), made his home on the outskirts of an unbroken forest. His son, Jeremiah, succeeded to the homestead. He was born March 4, 1775; died December 5, 1848. He is still remembered by the older residents of Pittsfield as acitizen who was useful, influential and respected. Of a >ale and sagacious adviser, his departure left a place difficult to fill in the business affairs of the vicinity. Jeremiah Wilson White, son of Jeremiah, was born in Pittsfield, September 16, 1821. The active habits and pure atmosphere of his early life laid the foundation of a sound physical constitution. His educational advantages during childhood were lim- ited to a few months at a distant district school. At the age of fifteen he entered Pittsfield Academy, under the instruction of James F. Joy (a graduate of Dartmouth, and, in later years, well-known as presi- dent of the Michigan Central Railroad), at the academy two and a half years, M Remaining White de- icrcantile and active lose went to Boston ■ship in a drug-store. inticeship was not a "t a\ ei -e to toil, and tention to his duties ci.ieo to prepare niinsen tor business life, and for this pu and entered upon an apprcnth Forty years ago such an appi sinecure. But Mr. White was by assiduous and systematic ; was preparing the way for future success. He also commenced the study of medicine, and continued it for several years, until he was qualified for profes- sional service. After the completion of his apprenticeship at Bos- ton he engaged as clerk to Luther Angier, postmaster and druggist, at Medford, Mass., with the agreement that, with proper notice, he could leave to engage in business for himself. In the summer of 1845, Mr. White, having heard of Nashua as a. growing manufacturing town, came here, and, after a few hours' inspection of the place, hired the stoic which he afterwards occupied for nearly thirty years. Mr. White, in engaging in trade for himself in Nashua, was aware thai a young man and a stranger must encounter severe difficulties in entering upon mercantile life .Many before him had succumbed to the obstacles which he was now to encounter. He did not hesitate. Laying out his plan of business, he examine. I int.. the most minute details of its manage- ment. No man was more thorough and painstaking in the discharge of obligations to his customers. His 206 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. labors often extended far into the night. With these habits, added to sound business judgment and fore- sight and a rare knowledge of men, the record of the business life of Mr. White has been an uninterrupted -lire,— ; and it is in this department of consistent and persistent eifort that his example is worthy of imita- tion. In many of the business enterprises of Nashua Mr. White has taken an active and, in aome of them, a prominent part. Engaging in the transportation and sale of coal on his arrival, he has always been the leading dealer in the trade. Alter the close of the war he originated the project tve his attention to the construction of the ,i of Stores on Main Street known as the "Merchants' Exchange," retaining tor himself and sou the corner store, which he still occupies. Early in 1875 he conceived the idea of establishing a new national bank, and in tin' April following ob- tained a charter. The people of Nashua and vicinity, believing in his financial ability, immediately sub- scribed for the stock, and elected him president, a position he continues to hold to the satisfaction id' the stockholders and the advantage of the institution. In addition to the presidency of the Second Na- tional Hank, Mr. White is now recognized as a saga- cious and influential railroad manager. Since L876 he has been prominently connected with the affairs of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad as a director and large stockholder. For many years this road had been connected with and used by the Boston and Lowell Railroad corpo- ration, and, as Mr. White clearly saw, on terms gn ttb disadvantageous to the stockholders of the Nashua and Lowell Company. The stock had gradually de- clined below par. To resist so great ami powerful a corporation required pluck and energy. To he suc- cessful against such odds demanded a leader daring, prompt and aggressive. Mr. White was the man for the emergency. How well his measures succeeded is realized not only by every stockholder, but in all railroad circles throughout New England. lie is also a large owner and director in the Nashua Card and Glazed Paper Company, and a leading stockholder in the White Mountain Freezer Com- pany, of this city. In the transaction of business Mr. White is not only methodical, but positive. He reaches his con- clusions quickly, and acts upon them with the utmost directness. Having decided upon a measure, he en- gages in it with all his might, bending all his efforts to make sure of the desired end. Selecting ! hi' accomplishes the whole work while many would he halting to determine whether the project was feasi- ble. A man of so pronounced opinions and prompt action naturally makes some enemies; hut he has no opponents who do not accord to him the credit of an open and honorable warfare. In a word, he is essen- tially a liusincss man in the full sense of that term, not only in occupation, hut in taste and aptitude; he is a representative of that class of American citizens who have won a world-wide reputation for practical sagacity, enterprise and thrift. Mr. White is in no sense of the word a party poli- tician. Of Whig antecedents, his first vote was cast tor Henry Clay, in 1844, for President. Before leaving his native town his liberal tenden- cies had been quickened by witnessing the unwar- ranted arrest, in the pulpit, of Rev. George Storrs, who was about to deliver the first anti-slavery lecture in Pittsfield. The event justly occasioned an unusual excitement, and was the beginning of that agitation which reached every town and hamlet in the Union. Since the organization of the Republican party, Mr. White ha- supported it in all national issues ; but is one of the independent thinkers who does not hesi- tate to exercise "the divine right of bolting " when unfit men are put in nomination. In the wintei of 1861, Mr. White and his family left on a southern trip, and reached Charleston, S. ('., the last of February, not long after the United States troops, under Major Anderson, were shut up in Fort Sumter by the rebel forces. Mr. White had letters of introduction to several citizens of the city high in authority, who received him kindly, and, learning that he was a business man and not a politician, were anxious to learn from him the state of feeling among the business men and middle class of citizens at the North. While the statements of Mr. White were far from gratifying, they continued their friendly relations. Previous!} he had written to his friend, Captain John G. Foster, second in t iiuand at Fort Sumter, of his intended tarry at Charleston. Desirous of an interview with him, he applied to lie i 'oni, derate authorities at Fort Sumter for a pass; it was granted him, — a privilege not allowed to any other civilian during the siege. On the following day, March 5th, he went on the steamer "Clinch " to Fort Johnson, to which point Major Anderson was allowed to send hi- boat under a flag of truce, for the daily mail. Here a new obstacle was encountered, for the boat was forbidden by Major Anderson to bring any person to the fort; hut, with the restriction that he should remain outside with the boat till Cap- tain Foster could be notified, he was permitted to go. The interview was a great surprise as well as gratifi- cation. Leaching Washington before the bombardment of Fort Sumter and the beginning of hostilities, Mr. White was taken to the War Department and inter- viewed by General Scott as to the determination and strength of the Confederate force at Charleston. Mr. White thought it would require a force of ten thousand men to relieve Fort Sumter, and said so. General s^cott laughed heartily, and told him that two thou- sand men would be amide for the purpose. ^ /c^9^>^^ NASHUA. In common with most of the leading men at the capitol, General Scott underestimated the pluck and strength of the rebels. Soon alter, when Jay Cooke was appointed govern- ment agent to negotiate the war loans, Mr. White re- ceived the appointment of agent for Nashua and vi- cinity. In 1846, the year after coming to Nashua, Mr. White married ( Jaroline ( r., daughter of » laleb Merrill, Esq., of Pittstield. The marriage was a happy and fortunate one. The young wife was endowed with scholarly and refined attainments, qualifying her for the enjoyment of social and domestic life. Added to this, she possessed a sound and discriminating judg- ment, on which her husband could safely rely. No transaction of any magnitude was entered upon with- out securing her approval. Many of his best and st sagacious moves in business were made at her sug- gestion. Of their two children, the eldest, Caroline Wilson, died in infancy. The son, James Wilson White, horn June 10, 1849. fell a victim to the prevailing disease of this climate, and died in Florida, January 27, 1876. Mrs. White, having survived her children, died, sud- denly, of apoplexy, in 1880. Her memory is cherished by many who knew her worth. In April, 1881, Mr. White was married, the second time, to Mrs. Ann M. Priti hard, of Bradford, Vt., an educated ami accomplished lady and the sister of bis first wife. His residence, at the corner of Pearl ami Cottage Streets, combines the elements of modesty, taste and comfort. CORNELIUS VAN NESS DEARBOKN. 1 As early as 1639, and only nineteen years after the landing of the Pilgrims, John Wheelwright, a dissent- ing minister from England, was banished from Massa- chusetts Bay colony. It is an evidence of the stern intolerance id' that day that the only error with which he was charged was "inveighing against all that walked in a covenant of works, and maintained sanc- tification as an evidence of justification," — a charge not readily comprehended at the present day. There was a minority, including Governor Winthrop, who piuie-ied against the sentence, but without avail. Mr. Wheelwright, therefore, gathering a company of friends, removed from Massachusetts to Exeter, in the province of New Hampshire. Among the thirty-live persons who signed the compact to form a stable and orderly colony is found the name of Godfrey Dear- born, the patriarch of the entire Dearborn family in this country. Forty years before, he was horn in Exeter, England, and in 1637 landed at Massachusetts Pay. He lived at Exeter ten years, and in 1649 moved to Hampton, built a framed house, which is still standing, became a large land-holder and town official and died Febru- ary 4, 168G. Few men of the early settlers have left a family name so widely represented as Godfrey Dear- born. His descendants are numerous in every county of New Hampshire, and are to be found in everj pan of New England. It is worthy of note that among the descendants ol Godfrej Dearborn tin 1 practice of medicine has been a favorite occupation. Benjamin Dearborn, of the fifth generation, graduated at Harvard in 1746, and entering upon a successful practice at Portsmouth, died in his thirtieth year. Levi Dearborn had for forfrj years an extensive practice at North Hamilton, and died in 1792. Edward Dearborn, horn in 1776, was for half a century the medical adviser of the peo- ple of Seabrook, and acquired a handsome estate. General Henry Dearborn, who gained a national rep- utation by his brilliant services in the Revolutionary War and as the senior major-general of the United States army in the War of 1812, was practicing phy- sician in Nottingham when summoned to join the first New Hampshire regiment raised in 1775. To-day sev- eral of the ablest physicians of the State bear the name. Toward the middle of the last century the Dearborn family had been quite generally distributed through Rockingham County. Peter Dearborn, the great- grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Chester in 1710. Of his children, Josiah, born in 1751, married Susannah Emerson, the daughter of Samuel Emerson, Esq., a substantial Chester tanner, wdio was a man of such judgment and integrity that he was chosen to till the various town offices of Ches- ter and to decide nearly all local controversies beyond review or appeal. Young Dearborn learned the trade ofa shoemaker, but, on the breaking out of the Revo- lutionary War, entered the army as a private, and was Joseph Cilley. irst as a private New York, and edition to New- stationed at Portsmouth underCol Afterward he did honorable servil and then as a lieutenant, in North' finally closed his enlistment by an port, R. I., in 1778, Returning from the war, he and his family found a new home thirty miles westward, in Weare. It was not an unfitting location. With its sixty square miles Mill mostly covered with a dense forest of oak, maple, and beech, with its uneven surface nowhere rising into high hills, it had a strong soil, which, when cul- tivated, yielded large crops of hay and grain. It was already a growing township, and thirty years later be- came one of the four leading fanning towns of the State. Here Josiah Dearborn passed his life, raising a family of twelve children, ten of whom were sons. Samuel, the filth son and father of the subject of this sketch, was born in 1702. The district-school system was not organized in New Hampshire until 1806, and the children of that time had scanty opportunities for instruction. Samuel Dearborn and his brothers were leaching manh 1, when fanning in the Eastern States was depressed by the recent war with England and HISTORY OF HILLS BOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the occurrence of several cold summers. Migration westward had commenced, and the Dearborns for a time debated the expediency of a removal to the Western Reserve. They al length decided to locate in Vermont, and, from 181 1 to 1820, five of the broth- ers and a sister removed to Corinth, a town in the eastern part of Orange County. Here Samuel Dear- born settled upon a farm, soon alter married Mis* Fanny Brown, of Vershire, whose parents were mi- ni, oi I luster. N. II., and here he passed a longand useful life. He died December 12, 1871, in theeight- ieth year of his age. His wife had died in 1836. Of scholarly tastes, he was for many years a teacher of winter schools. An active member of .the Free-Will Baptist denomination, his religion was a life rather than a creed. Cornelius Van Ness Dearborn, the son of Samuel and Fanny Dearborn, was born in Corinth, Yt., May 14, 1832. His name was in compliment to the then aldest statesman of the State, who had filled the offices of Governor and minister to Spain. Cornelius was the youngesl but one of seven children. Hi- childhood was passed iii a -trictly agricultural community. Cor- inth, lying among the foot-hills of the Green Moun- tains, is one of the host farming' towns in Eastern Ver- mont. Without railway facilities, with scanty water- power, its inhaliitantsdepend for a livelih 1 upon the products of the soil, from which by industry theygajn a substantia] income. Few in Corinth have ever ac- cumulated more than what is now regarded as a fair competency, and very lew have encountered extreme poverty. A more industrious, law-abiding, practically sensible people would he difficult to find. When four years old young Dearborn met with the saddest loss of childhood, — a mother, whose intelli- gence, forethought and womanly virtues Qa d been the lite and light of the household. He early joined his older brothers in the labors of the farm, attending the district school lor a lew weeks in summer and ten or twelve weeks each winter. 'When fifteen years old he attended the spring term of the Corinth Academy, and continued at intervals for several terms later. In the winter of 1848-49, his seventeenth year not yet completed, he taught the school of a neighboring dis- trict. Ili> success warranted his continua teachei in the vicinitj lor the live following winters. Continuing his farm labors in summer, he, in the mean time, developed a mechanical capacity in the making of farm implements and the erection of buildings, -a natural aptitude which has been of great service in maturer years. Soon after attaining the age of eighteen Mr. Dear- born determined to enter upon a course of stud} pre- paratory to a professional life. Before leaving Corinth he commenced the studj of law with Rodnej Lund, a young man who had commenced practice in the vicin- ity, [n March, 1854, at the suggestion of his mater- nal uncle, Dr. W. W. Brown, he came to Manchester. and renewed his law studies in the office of Hon. Isaac W. Smith, w ith whom he remained till his admission to the bar, in the fall of 1855. In December, 1855, he opened an office at Frances- town. The town afforded a safe opening for a young practitioner, but not one for large profits. There was a time, after the close of the War of 1812, when the trade of Francestown village exceeded that of any other locality in Hillsborough County. But the open- ing of the railroad to Nashua, ami soon after to Man- chester, entirely changed the centres of trade and bus- iness, and left Francestown to become a respectable and very quiet village. Hitherto Mr. Dearborn, while entertaining positive views, had not actively participated in political dis- cussion. But the year 1856 witnessed the consolida- tion of the anti-slavery sentiment id' the country. It had already so far concentrated its strength in New Hampshire as to have secured the State government and a unanimous reprt seiitat ion in I 'o tigress. The nomination of John C. Fremont for President, in the summer of that year, ha-tcned the organization of the anti-slavery elements of the entire North under the name of the Republican party. In common with a majority of the intelligent young men of the State, Mr. Dearborn entered into this contest with all the zeal, vigor and enthusiasm of one w hose action is un- trammeled by personal and [.artisan ends. The cam- paign which followed was the most brilliant and far- reaching in its results of any in the political history of the nation. No idea ever agitated the American mind to which calculating selfishness was more for- eign. Even the great uprising which brought about the War of Independence was less free from selfish motives. And, though the general result in the Pres- idential election of that year was adverse, yet in New Hampshire, as in every State north of Pennsylvania, the returns clearly showed that the cause of freedom had acquired an overruling strength. In June, 1857, Mr. Dearborn was united in mar- riage with Miss Louie Frances Eaton, daughter of Moses W. and Louisa S. Eaton, of Francestown. and granddaughter of Dr. Thomas Eaton, a physician of long and extensive practice, am! one of the most ex- tensive farmers of his time. In 1857 he was elected county treasurer, and re-elected in 1858. It was t lie- first public position he had held, and its duties were satisfactorily discharged. In 1858 he removed to Peterborough, occupying the office of E. S. Cutter. Esq., who bad recently been ap- pointed clerk of the courts for Hillsborough County. He resided in Peterborough til! 1865. During this time he was in partnership with Charles G. Cheney, and afterward with Albert S. Scott, both of whom have since died. He represented the town in the Legislature in the years 1861 and 1862, being a mem- ber of the judiciary committee. In the summer of 1865 he removed to Nashua for the purpose of continuing the practice of his profes- sion. An accidental purchase led to a change of oc- ^Yzrya,^. M^ . C. .Moore, and resumed the practice of law. [Since his residence at Nashua, Mr. Dearborn has cor tributed largely to the improvement of real estate, to the erection of improved school buildings and to the reconstruction and greater efficiency of the public schools. He was appointed register of Probate for Hillsborough County in 1868, and held the office till 1874. For several years he was treasurer of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad, and is still f the directors. Ill his official action he aided largely in sustaining the measures which have placed that corporation in the front raids of profitable railways. He is also the treas- urer of the Underhill Edge-Tool Company, and is at this time president of the Board of Education. In 1863, while a resident of Peterborough, be was appointed by the < rovernor one of the bank commis- sioners of New Hampshire. In that capacity he be- came acquainted with the extent and peculiarities of the financial institutions of the State. In 1864 and 1865 he actively superintended, in his official capac- ity, the converting of the State banks of discount into tie national banks of the present system. In March, 1866, he was appointed examiner of the national banks for the State .if New Hampshire, a position which he still holds. He is the only person who has filled this position since the organization of the na- tional banking system. In the discharge of the duties of bank examiner, official fidelity requires that the investigation shall be thorough and exhaustive. That during the past eighteen years but a single instance of defalcation has occurred resulting in loss among the forty-nine na- tional hanks in the State is pretty conclusive evidence of a diligent and careful supervision. From the length of time be has held the position, be has become familiar with the indications of laxity, lenity, negli- gence, not to mention recklessness, which mark the first steps of danger to a banking institution ; and his suggestions and warnings to bank officials have not infrequently been of advantage to the public gener- ally, as well as to stockholders, where no publicity lias been gained through the press or otherwise. Personally, Mr. Dearborn is not an ostentatious, ob- trusive, aggressive man. He has no fondness for newspaper notoriety, no solicitude lest he should bi overlooked by the public, and has a special dislike for unmeaning titles. I n polities and religion he is lib- eral and tolerant, eon ceding to others t hi' utmost free- dom of opinion. Attending to his own duties, it is not his habit to interfere with tic personal affairs of Others. But when attacked without reason or provo- cation, no matter what bis pretensions, bis assailant will speedily find that he has need of a prudent hus- bandry of bis resources. Mr. Dearborn is a member of the Congregational ( Inn eb. His two children are sons. The older, John Eaton, born November, 1862, is acquiring a business education, and is at this time clerk for his father in the office of the Flge-Tool Works. The younger George Van Ness, born in August, lMI'.i, is attending the public schools. His house is pleasantly situated on Main Street, and is one of the desirable resiliences in the city. Still in the prime of lite, his many friends have no reason to doubt that in the future, as in the past, he will be adequate to any responsibility which may devolve upon him. HORACE W. (1ILMAN. 1 Horace Way Oilman was born in Unity, N. H., on December 6, 1833. He is the younger brother of Virgil C. Gilman, a sketch of whose life is given in the preceding pages, and hence it is not necessary to write of his ancestry and parentage. Removing, with his parents, to Lowell, in 1837, he also came with them to Nashua in 1844, in the eleventh year of his age. For several years his boyhood alternated between the cotton-mill and the public school, both of which, no doubt, taught him some useful lessons in practical life. When fifteen years old be went to West Spring- field, Mass., working in the cotton-mill one year, and returning to Nashua in 1850. In the winter of 1S."»2— ">:>, Mr. < Salman taught a dis- trict school in Nashua, in 1853-54 in Hudson and in the two winters following in the grammar school at Belvidere and at the Harbor, in this city. In the mean time, having gained some knowledge of the card and paper manufacturing business as a workman in the employ of Gage, Murray & Co., in 1856 he went, with Mr. John Holder, to Albany, V 'i .. wh.re the firm of Holder & Gilman started a card and paper manufactory, which has since become a large ami profitable business in that city. In the spring of 1861, Mr. Gilman disposed of his interest, and returned to Nashua. In January, 1862, he bought a one-fourth interest in the firm of Cage, Murray & Co., and was assigned the charge of the financial department. I By John II. rftiTUTTlAAl NASHUA. made man, 1 1 many friends. In his public life h a faithful 1 ientious in hi oj thy repre- I HE HOfl w:i- The name of Howard i- another form Bed v. ith the most brilliant Achievements in various departments of knightly and honorable I one of tin- proudest families in that fair land. IVi following early tra from "Burke's Heraldic R< I Dgiish work. valuable for it- learning, r< a standard authority in family b In the malt; J j r* . clue t>i tilt; f.m Sir Robert Howard, Kni daughter of Philip the II grandeur or the Houae of Norfolk ; but the brilliant halo which en- met 'if II.- HUH |or tO Hi" liep.it: achievement- l B . Who ban And bin (he Bani't immortal ■ ■ ! : • ' ■ . I ■- i good anil '■he heart 111 ■ 3tor 'it this line niel Howard, who emigrated from Suffolk, 'ngland, to i wa8 made a freeman in I'M.!. The nam Ha ard, Haward, Hi Two of Nathaniel'* Charlestown. Wil- liam was a weaver, born in England, and at tin- May meeting, 1656, of the propr admitted as an inhabitant, '-tin- people ni 11(1 : Viiliani. I soon followed bin, . children, m Nathaniel and Ja© i i down to seven itti nded " iib great difficulty, and of Chclms- thc father turd ; lint as he m sidi . Wi si ni offices, il there. .i farm, r and patriot, and whi n ii tin; demand was I, and was among tin ition." lit; removed fro I ndeborough, N. H. lie had ifn childn a I Abigail, Rachel ami Sybil. d in Hebron, N. Y., Samuel in I ough, Joneph in Wilton, Jacob in Milford. John ami Benjamin were gallant soldiers in the War of 1 312, .It, lm and Benjamin dying in married a Hutchinson, of Milford ; Abigail married a Mr. Blai I in Albany, N. Y. ; Rachel i.il died young. Joseph Howard was born June ]'■>, I7!i_'. He i daughter of William Pettengil] the Revolutionary arm;..; .Mi i,.,rn April 26, I children of Joseph Howard i i / (bornJulj i died June 6, 1876), Adelii 27, 1834) mber 13, 1839. Adeline and Hannah are children of a second wife, Abiah Parker. Wilton. V, n the ages of nine and eleven, he drove a team between Wilton and Nashua. About this time his mother died, and ■ N. II., where he remained until - 'Hi a farm. He then bought his time of his father for fifty dollars, iced himself toa carpenter for I thirty dollars for the first year, forty dol- lars for the second and twenty dollars per month i'. Mary II. married, January 1, 1863, Charles II. French : -In- died August 30, 1869, leaving one daughter, Mary II. Martha J. resides with her parents. In L846, Mr. Howard, with his brother, Joseph A., purchased the business of manufacturing card-boards, which they carried on successfully for live year,-, when Joseph retired, and Mr. Howard continued the bus- iness until 1869 (with the exception of two years and a half . At this time Mr. Howard, with the keen foresight and good judgment which have largely con- tributed to his financial success, saw the future possi- bilities and capabilities of the business, and enlarged his facilities to meet the demand, and controlled the manufacturing, and after a while was for some years the sole manufacturer in the United States. The business was prosperous. In 1869, Mr. Howard moved to Nashua, w here he has since resided. He purchased a half-interest in the flour and grain business of Mc Questen & Co.. ami is still connected with the firm. Mr. Howard was formerly a Free-Soil Democrat, but has affiliated with the Republican party since 1856, and as a member of that party represented Washington in the State Legislature of 1867-68, serving both terms on committees of railroads. This town being largely Democratic, his election showed a very great personal popularity #nd also great confi- dence in his ability. During his residence in Nashua (1871) he has I 'ecu a member of the Common I ouncil of the city, serving on several important committees. He has never aspired to positions of responsibility, but, when placed in them, has discharged their duties fearlessly, faithfully ami conscientiously. Loyal to the core, be took an active part in securing substitutes to till the quota of Washington in our greal Civil War, and in erecting the soldiers' monument. Com- pelled to battle with life at an age when one most needs the care of a mother and home comforts, Mr. Howard's course has been steadily upward, and by his own unaided exertions he has won wealth and honor- aide position in society and the esteem of a large circle of friends. Joseph \YontU,iirij llv-iinl, s I' Ezra 1'. ami Mary (Trow) Howard, came to Nashua in L868, and engaged in the furniture trade with E. P. Brown. His father .afterward purchased the interest of Mr. Brown, and organized the firm <>f Howard & Copp, which, after live years' time, was changed to Howard & Co. In 1880, F. P. Howard sold hi- int. rest to his son-in-law, Charles ]I. French, who, with Joseph W. Howard, now constitutes the firm of Howard & Co. They com- menced the manufacture of furniture in 1880, erect- ing tin- factor) the same year. The business has in- creased rapidly. With characteristic New England enterprise, they have developed the small and uncer- tain commencement into a large and flourishing estab- lishment, doing a large wholesale and retail business- .1. W. Howard is a young man of energetic business qualities and genial social disposition, which have made him well and most favorably known in this community and financial quarters. He has been councilman and alderman of Nashua. N. H., and he received the unanimous nomination, in 1882, of the Republican party for the mayoralty, but declined. He is serving the third term on the School Board. He married, August 27, 1868, Nancy J. Hasselton, .d' Wilton. They have three children, — Charles W., Frank B. and Mary H. REUBEN GODFREY. Reuben Godfrey, son of Joseph ami Sarah (Dear- born) Codfrey. was born at South Hampton, N. H., September i, 1816. He was a descendant of an early New England family id' g 1 repute in colonial days, as well as in later years. He was fifth in a family of six children, and early in life learned how to labor. When aboul fifteen he went to Meredith, where his stay was short, for, about the same age, he made his advent in Nashua, a runaway lad, his personal effects in a small bundle in his hand, and his entire cash capi- tal comprising seventy-five cents. This was Reuben Godfrey as he appeared one day to his sister, Mrs. Fisk, after a walk from Sanbornton. The young wanderer was kindly received ; Captain Daniel Fisk, his brother-in-law, furnished him employment on his farm, and, after a time, he added to the little stock of school knowledge already possessed by attending the public schools. He soon was engaged in driving a milk-cart, and in a short time became the owner of the business. This was in 1836, when he was only twenty year- old. From this period until his death. February 27, 1880, Mr. Godfrey was an active partici- pant in the business enterprises of Nashua, an ener- getic, successful worker in various spheres, and a pros- perous, public-spirited citizen. He engaged in the livery business, and had several team- employed in - i i gave his most especial attention to quar- rying stone and stone masonry, taking many contracts for various kinds of stone-work. This arduous labor he followed until 1854, with very substantial financial success. He then purchased a farm a short distance below Nashua, where he resided five years, carrying on with his farm an extensive lumbering business, a member of the firm of Wright, Roby & Co. His con- nection with this company lasted several years, and he was in this field handsomely rewarded for his labors, shrewdness and ability. Of an active tempera- ,| ;»j»1 , ' erzJ/i^u inent and not at all disposed to idleness, he next engaged in the ice business in Nashua, and also in other branches of commercial activity, These he carried <>n in the same skillful manner until 1870, when he retired from active labor and connection wit li business with a competency. He married, December 3, L846, Mary A.., daughter of Benjamin A. and Sarah \V. (Gilson) Davis. They had three children, — Ellen E. (died young), Man Frances and < lharles J. (deceased I. In early life Mr. Godfrey was an Old-Line Whig of the stanchest order. After the death of that party he did not take the same active interest in polities which characterized his previous days, but in a quiet way supported the Republican party by his vote and otherwise. In the various official relations the suf- frages of the people entrusted to him he was ever the faithful, honest public officer, performing his duties with the integrity and accuracy manifested in his private affairs. He served the city many years as assessor and tax collector with great efficiency. He was a member (if the Board of Health and for a long period an overseer of the poor, for which position he was especially qualified, lie was a strong, positive man, to whom action was a necessity of life. Of cheerful and brisk nature, he easily won and retained friends and was popular, lie was very liberal both to the church and to the poor, particularly remem- bering the latter with seasonable gilts at Thanks- giving, Christmas and like occasions. His judgment of men and things was of more than ordinary power, and his services were in great demand as appraiser, in settling estates and as guardian tor minors, etc. During the last years of his life he was in charge id' the estate of Colonel L. G. Noyes. Congregational in religious belief, he was a regular attendant and supporter of the Pearl Street Church. ELLIOT WHITFORD AND JAMES H. HALL. Elliot Whitford, son of William and Lucy (Hale) Whitford, was born in Hillsborough, X. H., October 11, 1809. His father, born in Salem, Mass., August 19, 1773, was in youth a shoemaker, who, after his marriage, October 28, 1798, to Lucy Dale (who was born in Beverly, Mass., March 20, 1778), settled in Hillsborough, N. H., where he purchased ;i farm, lived many years and died January 30, 1838. His wife survived him, dying May 17, 1855. Elliot had only the meagre school education conferred by the common schools of his boyhood, but he acquired sufficient knowledge to lay the foundation of a g 1 practical business education by dint of perseverance and the force of circumstances. He left home when seventeen years old and worked at farming in Massa- chusetts during the summer, attending school in the winter. He worked for his father until he was twentj years of age, then started in life for himself, and for eight years became a farm laborer, working bj tic month. He was now in a good school for the acqui- sition of the practicality, ingenuity, diligence and economy which have served to build up the comfort- able home wherein he is passing his retired life. Mr. Whitford came to Nashua in 1*38, ami, unpany with his brother, George I>.. purchased the farm of two hundred aires which is now his residence. This being distant from the highway, they petitioned the selectmen lor a mad; but the petition not being granted, they appealed to the county commissioners, and the road was laid out. Mr. Whitford and his brother repaired the house, built the barn, bought, a milk route, and, up the present time, the farm has been kept as a milk farm. The land at that time was in a low state of cultivation, yielding only twelve tons of English hay, but by good culture was made to pro- duce as high as eighty tons. Mr. Whitford and bis brother were together for ten year.-. lie then purchased his brother's interest, and bought a market and was in the butchering business for a number of years. Active and energetic, in con- neeiion with his ot her pursuits, he became quite an extensive dealer in agricultural implements, and when the mowing-machines were introduced, he was ap- pointed agent, and increased the first, year's sales of two or three to fifty in one year. Having a water privilege on his land, .Air. Whitford determined to mil finding the estimated cost of a wooden dam to be two thousand dollars, he, with his charac- teristic preference for solidity, began, in August, is;;;, the building of a cemented stone dam, which, when completed, was one hundred and forty feet in length, twenty-four feet thick and from five to twenty-seven feet in height. Here he erected a saw and grist-mill, putting in also stave and kit -machines, cutting-off saw and an edger. This mill has been in operation con- tinuously since, except in lime of low water. Mr. Whitford has taken hold of local improvements and public matters with the same energy and enterprise shown in his private affairs. Whig and Republican in politics, he has tilled various official positions with acceptance. He wasselectman for many years, elected the first time in 1841, the third year of his residence, and held that office when the town was divided, the town-house built and when the towns were united in the ii t \ oi Nashua. He has heen assessor, street commis- sioner, alderman and was a representative for Nashua in i he Male Legislature. Although si run- and robust, of late years he has been debarred from I he activities of life by an affection of the eyes, which has deprived him of sight. He has been an active member of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, was a charter mem- ber of Nashua Grange, No. 13, and presiding officer of the same for two years. He is a Congregationalist in religious belief and a member of Pilgrim Church. Mr. Whitford married, November 26, 1840, Eliza- beth, daughter of Abel and Hannah F. (Hunniwcll) Bowman. Their children were Alfred J. (deceased), Josephine E. (deceased), Frederick E. (deceased); Frederick left one child, (Lizzie Maria) and Ann, 2 it; HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Maria K. She married James H.Hall, and has had tour children,— Susibell W.. Webb F... James E. and Annie May (died, aged six months). James Horace Hall, son of Joshua Hall, Jr., and Sarah F. Whitney, his wife, was born in Pepperell, Mass., Novi mb i 20 IM2. His father died when James was about two years of age, and when but six years old he was "putout" among stran from that time has made his own way in life. When eighteen lie moved to North Chelmsford, Mass., to loam the machinist's trade, where, at the commence- ment of the great Civil War, he was engaged. He then enlisted in Company F, Third Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, and was with his regiment in three long years of active service and numerous bloody engagements. lie participated in those ol Hilton Head, Drury's Bluff, Morris Island, siege and taking of Fort Wagner, Fort Fisher and Wilmington, siege of Petersburg, some of these being among the most sharply-contested battles of the war, with great losses yet, singularly enough, neither Mr. Hall nor his brother, Charles 'J'., who served with him and was his tent-mate, ever received a wound, although their clothes were often cut with bullets. Mr. Hall was in Wilmington, N. C, when the news came of Lee's sur- render and the consequent near return of peace. He was mustered ,,nt of the United States service in June, 1865, accompanied his regiment to New Hamp- shire, and in the following August was discharged honorably from the State service at Concord. Returning to Chelmsford and finishing his trade, Mr. Hall was employed until 1868 as machinist at Worcester and Providence. He then removed to Milford, N. II.. and fora time carried on a machine- shop. Coming then to Nashua, which has since been his home, he was for ten years an employ.' of the Nashua Card and Glazed Paper Company. He married Anna M. Whitford, January 18, 1876, and became a farmer on Mr. Whitford's place in 1881. He is a if the Baptist Church of Hudson ; is Republi- can in politics; has been a Freemason since 1866, is a Sir Knight, and has taken the thirty-second degrei ; an odd-Fellow since 1868, belongs to the Encamp- ment, lie is a steady, industrious citizen, — one who has proven the highest title to that name by his active service for three long years in his country's defense. en LKLES LUND. Among the old families and of those who did go..d service in the earlj days of Old Dunstable, in defending her against the Indians, should be menti d the Lund family. The first emigrant bearing the name was Thomas Lund, merchant, l\ h i i mi from London, England, in 1646. to l'..-i hi. with power from certain citizens in London to collect debts. One of the first settlers of Dunstable was Thomas Lund, born about 1660, probably a son of the Thomas above mentioned. His children were Thomas (1682 , Elizabeth (1684) and William I 1686). He was aselectman and a worthy citizen. Thomas 3 was a soldier ; serve. 1 under command of Lieutenant Jabez Fairbanks, of Groton, on garrison duty. On the evening of September 1, 1724, a partj of about sevent) French Mohawks made an attack on Dun- stable and took two men prisoners; the next morning Lieutenant French, with fourteen men, among them Thomas Fund, went in pursuit; but he, with half his men, were killed. The bodies were found and were buried in one grave. The place of their interment was the ancient burial-ground near the State line. The inscription was as follows: '01011101110 Mori, Here lies the body of Mr. Thomas Lund, who de- parted this life September 5, 1724. in the 42d year of his age. This man. with seven more that lies in this gravi . was -lew all in a .lay by the Indians" Some time during this year William, brother of Thomas, was taken prisoner by the Indians, carried into cap- tivity, where he suffered great hardships, and was obliged to pay a large' price for his ransom. Thus, the Lund family have been important factors, as well as actors, in the early days of Nashua. Thomas had children— Thomas (1712), Elizabeth (1715), William (1717), Ephraim (1720) and Phinehas (1723). Thomas (1712) was a deacon in the church, married Mary . and died February 4. 1790. Thomas, on of Deacon Thomas and Mary Lund, was born in Nashua March 12. 17."'.>. From the time 1 seven years old he supported himself. He bei farmer ; but, having also a natural aptitude f< chanies, he made carts and wagons, and the nouse where hi- grands .11. 1 diaries, now resides was mostly built by his own hands. He was an industrious, energetic worker, and from his savings was enabled to buy the farm, where he resided many years. He married Sarah Whitney. Their children were Han- nah. John, Thomas, Isaac. Oliver, Sarah, Huldah ami Noah. Mr. Lund died at the age of eighty. Oliver, son of Thomas and Sarah (Whitney) Lund, was born April 8, 177V; married, April 17. 1814, Orpah, daughter of William Danforth. She was bom January 2. 1788. Their children attaining ma- turity were Gei ll"ge ileeea-ed I, I Irpall (d Laura (Mrs. John A. Foster), Charles, Sabra (Mrs. E. P. Parkei ) and Handel (deceased I. 1 (liver pa-sed his early life on the farm, and after- wards, for several years, was captain of the packet- boat running on Middlesex Canal from Boston to He was an active man, held various town offices, was a member of the First I tionalisl Church of Nashua, and a good type and worthy descendant of the pi jers of Nashua. He died December 21, 1866. His wife survived him, dying in March. 1867. Charles Fund, son of Oliver and Orpah (Danforth) Lund, was born November 8, 1821 ; married, May 8, is 16. Eliza, daughter of Samuel G. and Betsey (Davis) Stevens. (Mr. Stevens was ;• son of David Qj^MfU^t, diaxJ/cW-' X \SIII A. 217 Stevens, a residenl of Bedford, N. H., and was born in L797 ; was a carpenter. Ee came from Goffstown to Nashua, ami resided there forty years; he then reiiiov ed to Weare and afterwards to Derry, where he now lives, aged eighty-seven years. Hi' assisted in the erection of the first buildings of tie Nashua Manu- facturing Company.) The children of Charles and Eliza (Stevens) Lund are Eliza Ann (married Joshua W. Hunt, and has three children,— Alma F., Wil- liam E. and Charles L.), Charles II. (a dealer in milk), Alma L. and Marcus 0. The last three reside with their parents. Mr. Lund's early education was that of the district schools. He became a farmer and remained al home, ami after his father gave up active life he took care of his parents until their deaths, and resides on the ancestral farm, which he in- herited, lie is a i longn nationalist in religious be- lief, a Kcpulilicau in politics, and was for two years a member of Nashua City Council. He is quiet and unostentatious, has never sough! office, bul has closely attended to hi- business. Plain and simple in his habits, social, amiable and pleasing in his ways, he is a kind husband and father, a good neighbor and a useful member of society, a careful, painstaking, industrious man, successful iii his busi- ness, and possess.- a good knowledge of agriculture. He is interested in the object and mission of the Patrons of Husbandry, and at this writing is treasurer of Nashua < rrange. STILLMAN SWALLOW. A century and more ago there lived in the old town of Dunstable, Middlesex County, Mass., a pious, just and honorable man, Peter .Swallow by name. He was a farmer, and the land he tilled was his by inheritance and acquisition, much of which had been in the Swallow family since the time when the white man first planted the foot of civilization upon it. [Peter Swallow married Sihhil , and they hail six sons and two daughters, — Nahum, Larnard, James, M ly, Abijah, Archelaus, Prudence and Lucy. As his will was made in May, 1812, and presented tor probate in May, 1813, hi.- death must have occurred between those dates. His sou Arche- laus inherited the old home-had and followed the calling of his father. He married Susanna Kendall, and they had six children, all of whom attained maturity. Archelaus was a man slow of speech, patient and persevering in his daily toil, and also possessed a large amount id' good, practical common- sense. He was one of the first worker, in the temperance cause, and with his energy, com Lined with good judgment, he was enabled to accomplish much. Iii his religious convictions he was a Congregal ionalist, and a liberal supporter of the interests of t hat denomi- nation. Politically he was a Whig. He died about 1855, aged seventy-two. Stillman Swallow, second child of Archelaus and Susanna (Kendall) Swallow, was Lorn on the old Swallow place in Dunstable, September 19,1816. lie passed the early part of his life upon his father's farm, sharing its toils and availing himself of such educa- tional advantages as the district school afforded. When about nineteen years of age lie left his home and came to Nashua, and hired out as a farm-hand to .Mrs. Fisk, a widow, whom he married the nexl year, March 6, 1837. The children of Stillman and Nancy (Roby) Fist Swallow are Mary F. (married Phineas 1'. Mitchell ; they have had ten children, of whom eight are now living, — Josephine E. (now Mrs. F. E. Wills), Katie A., Lucy C, Fannie P., Harry S., Howard W., Emily I i., Carrie B.), Clarence II. 'deceased; married Mary H. Barr; children, — James <'., Geo. W. and Willie <'.), James R., Anna A., and Louis M. (married Amanda A. Smith, ami has Lucy E., Frank H. and Fred. W.). Mrs. Swallow is a woman of great strength oi character, and Iter husband has ever found her help- ful, sympathetic and encouraging in his life's work. She was the daughter of James and Liny (Cutter) Roby, of Amherst, N. II., thus descending from two old and reputable families .it New England. Her t i i-i husband, Ralph Fisk, was a merchant oi' Boston and Providence. His health failing, he came to the home of his father, Nathan Fisk. in Nashua (who lived where Mr. Elliot Whitford now resides, and owned nine hundred acres of land), where he died. The children of Ralph and Nancy (Roby) Fisk were William F. (deceased), Anna A. (deceased), Lucy W. married Alonzo Fisk, and has one child, Charles S.), Emily (married Rev. Geo. 1'. Wilson, tin- many years city missionary of Lawrence, Mass., and has three children,— Geo. II., who is one of the oldest employes in the custom-house, Boston; Francis A., with Perry Mason & ( !o., Boston ; and Anna F.). Mrs. Swallow has been a diligent ohsorverof passing events. A great reader, she has taken much interest in the political and moral questions of the day, and formed decided and intelligent opinions upon them. As a mother she ha- brought up her children wisely, and now has the pleasant satisfaction of seeing her children and her children's children occupying useful and honorable positions in life. Mr. Swallow has always been a farmer, and for many years conducted a milk-route. He was bred a farmer and has never seen the day when he was tempted to change his calling, [n this he has shown his g 1 sense, tor he never could have changed it for a more honorable or useful one. Diligent, in- dustrious and unassuming, he has lived a useful life, and is much esteemed by his brother farmers. Me has a plea-ant home and three hundred acres of land, but his farm has not occupied him to such an extent that he has neglected his civil and political duties. He has been selectman, a member of the Common Council and an alderman of the city of Nashua. In politics he is a Democrat, and repre- sented hi- party in the State Legislature of 1861. 218 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Mr. Swallow, in an unpretentious manner, has done the duties which have presented themselves to him thoroughly and well. He is kind-hearted and charitable, and is an attendant of the Baptist Church, and contributes liberally to all good causes. GENERAL JOHN G. FOSTER. General John (I. Foster was born in Whitefield, N. 11.. -May 1^7, 1823. When ten year- old he removed with the family to Nashua, where he' attended the public schools, lie also attended the academj a1 Hancock, and subsequently fitted for the West Point Military Academy at Crosby's school, Nashua. Through the influence of Charles 0— Town of Monsnti— Organization of Parishes— Incorporation of Mont Vrrnon and Milford. Tin: town of Amherst is situated in the southerly part of the county of Hillsborough, in the Suite- of New Hampshire, in latitude 42' 51' north. Ii lie on both sides of the Souhegan liivcr, tin' principal part being on the northern side. In length from north to south, according to a sur- vey ma. I.' in 1806, i- nine miles and one hundred and seventy roils. It.-* greatest width is about five miles, and its least width two miles and two hundred and forty-two rods, comprising an area of about twenty- two thousand acres, of which about five hundred are covered with water. It is bounded on the north by Bedford and New Boston, on lie- east by Bedford and Merrimack, on the south by Mollis and Milford, and on the west by Milford and .Mont Vernon. Its distance from Concord is twenty-eight miles; from Manchester, twelve miles; from Nashua, ten miles; from Portsmouth, fifty-three miles ; and from Washington, lour hundred and eighty-four miles. Its surface is broken and uneven. Near the Smi- hegan is a si rip of valuable intervale land. Adjoining this, at a higher elevation, arc large tracts of sandy plain laud, formerly thickly covered with a growth of pitch pines. Along the water-courses arc considera- ble tracts of meadow land. At a higher elevation, the hill-sides afford excellent, grazing land, and when moderately free from rocks arc well adapted to agricultural purposes, and with proper care yield an abundant reward to the husbandman. In other parts they are as hard and strong as granite can make them, and are fitted only for the production of fuel and timber. The town of Amherst had its origin in a grant of land made by the ( icneral Court of Massachusetts to 1 The following history for this work was condensed from HlBtory of Amherst," an elaborate and standard work of m and seventy-eight pages, published in 18s:;. 15 some of the citizens of that province for services in the Narragansct war in 1675-76. The township was granted in 1728, ami was known as Narragansct, No. -'!, and subsequently as Souhegan West, No. :!. It was incorporated as a town Jan- miry 18, 1760, at which time it received the name of Amherst, from (icneral Jeffrey Amherst, at that time commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America. The first meeting of the proprietors of Souhegan West was held at Salem, July 17, 1734. At this meeting Captain Benjamin 1'otter, Captain Richard Mower and Mr. Daniel Kenney were appointed a committee "to take a Perticular view of ye scircum- stances of s'd Township, and make Report to ye Society or Grantees at their adjournment on the sec- ond tucsday in September next." They were authorized to employ a surveyor, and such pilots as might be necessary, at the expense of the proprietors. Captain Richard Mower, Messrs. Cornelius Tarblc, Ebenezer Rayment, Jeremiah Gatchel ami Daniel Kenney were appointed a committee to subdivide the township. Captain lieiijamin Potter, Mr. John Bixbe and Ensign Thomas Tarbox were added to this committee at a subsequent meeting. Another meeting of the proprietors was held at. Salem, August 13, 1734, at which William Collins was elected proprietors' clerk; Captain Richard Mower, Messrs. John Trask, Ebenezer Rayment, Stephen Peabody and Jeremiah Gatchel, prudential committee; and Captain Benjamin 1'otter, treasurer. The prudential committee was directed to rectify all mistakes in the names of the proprietors, as given in the list, and to lay the same before the General ( lourt, if i bey thought proper. September 10, 1734, the proprietors met to hear tie ri-porl of their viewing committee, but the com- mittec had been disappointed by tin- surveyor they had engaged, and were not prepared to make a full report. They reported verbally that "they had been on the land and foundif well timbered." After some discussion it was voted, " Thatthe town- ship be subdivided this fall, as soon as may be." '21 'J HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The committee was directed to lay out sixty acres to each proprietor, for his or her first or home lot, what was wanting in quality to be made up in quan- tity. It was also voted that should any large quanti- ties of meadow be found, it should be left to the con- sideration of the committee whether to include the same in the lots or reserve it for the benefit of the whole society. Collectors were appointed in each town to collect the assessments ordered to defray the expenses of the socii ty. At a meeting held January 8, 1734-35, the pro- prietors !,■ lu -' -i\[y proprietors that shall ani I them hiiildand finish a Dwelling-house ,f eighteen l,-i i s.piare and ye veil i , leu hv. a. !..-. of Land tilt for mowing or plowing, and in iua II'. lire on the spot, and perform the Bame within thn ih. v anil c;n h of tlit-ni shall hi; Intitled to .haw out of ..usury tin- sum of six pounds." A committee was chosen to hear all person- that had anj disputable claims to any rights in the township, and make report of their opinion to the society as soon as might lie. •■ Voted, that I 'apt. Ki. haul Mower have Lihertj to .haw a Lott No. 21, he Building a convenient House it Entei taitnneiit, and feme in a pasture of six or eight aires of land, and pi. a id., a snip hint ferry Boat to transport any of the Proprietors ovet Souhegan River, and performe the same within eighteen months from the Date hereof." Ait auditing committee was appointed, and it was voted that "the Lotts Nn-. 87, 88 and 89 should lye by for the present, to make good for the three lots — viz., one for the first settled minister. one tor the min- istry and one for the school." A committee was appointed to confer with the committeeof the proprietors of Souhegan East, No. .">, about building a bridge over Souhegan River, and report at the next meeting of the proprietors. Sou- hegan East, No. •") (afterward Bedford), as at first granted, extended to Souhegan River.) Complaint having been made by some that many of the lots laid out by the committee "were not so g 1 as others, for want of quality," and therefore not lit to settle on, by means whereofmuch din. acci lie to some of " ye proprietors," it was II have tin- liherty, i + Lot I or Letts hy ', hut ting hi- Kiedit to .11. I, Lott as he .-hall draw, toall tie- I'iojii. I.., .. a hy takmu- otlei Lott 01 Lotts in the I Lotts in any of the Lands Within the Township. Provided ... in Vi.i.il.,.1 ih,. u ih. Lotts he . 1 they .-hall ','uitt to the I'... pii.t..!,, and Provided, also, that they or he shall laj no more than sixty acres to eai h Lott, t ball le in hie. 1th, as the other Lotts an- now laid out. Fultheii, that ye Lotts so exchanged -hall he laid out at ye own. 1 year from tin- I'ate hereof, A said Lott- to tie sulheiently butted & bounded, and a Keturne thereof made to the Clerk of ye -d Society, .v p. , to in. ike an entry in the proprie^ book, to whom and by whom ! out, wnli the Cut- a Bounds." The lots laid out by the committee appear to have been drawn by the proprietors at this meeting, as we find it was " Voted, tliii .'1 'he Lotts that have been Drawn in the Society's Book of Records to the several persons that have been al- lowed to draw the same, witli their names." It was also " Voted, that the Clerk tai.. 1 ill L.tts that are not drawn, 4 tll.lt the -elel.ll pe|.,.l,, P \\|, 111 tl|e\ llelollg h.,\e pl.elty to lhpail [0 ii.iw their Ih-pe. nve Lotts, they payingthe Rates or Dues In 1735, Robert Hale, Esq., Captain Stephen Pea- body and Lieutenant Ebenezer Rayment were ap- pointed a committee " T.. take a view of tie- tow nship, and in the most commodious place it a place whereon to erect the Public sleeting EiouBfi foi the worship of GOD, & a convenient place for a Public Buj j Anoihei for a Training field, marking the same by Butte IB /, ii.it the! doe M,.ie i ivn Lay ..lit three home Lotts of e.jual quantity and like form Willi ye Othel Lotts Already laid out,— (hie to he tot tin. »n-t settled Minister, One lor the Ministry .V One for tie - their return to make Distinctions, the Lotts to he Butted and bounded as aforesaid, and make return thereof I . They were also directed . i : a . t -.ill. ...i lien, 111 order to find out ye most convenient 1,1., . 1: r 1 . . ... . Society at their next meeting." The report of thi<- committee was recorded by the clerk, .lime 4. 1735, a- follows: ...la pin e ;,,,;, Meeting House, Training field, Burying place a parsonage, klinistei a School Lott, k, Laid out for 110 place. Burying place and 'I' raining fie] 1 asti rty toyehi ...1 ol ye Lotts No Ins, 109 A 110, lying Joyning southerly to Andrew Balche'G Lott, Containing t] 1 l" p. li, 1 1 111. N. Hi, ... South 71 perch, East and West 30 perch. Also a Lott for ye Ministry, contai g Sixty acres, Bounded thus: Beginning all a via] [■■ n,.. ma iked with I' A 1 , thence North, hy ye aforesaid Lott, 71 rods t.. a whit.- pine marked with 'I'. I' a s, thence west Til rods to an Arsh marked with I' A M. theme South 74 rods to a white pine marked IB I mo,-. Also a .Ministers Lott of Sixty acres, Bounded Southerly Highway, Lying Sorfh a South 124 rods, easl and west 7s rods, the South west corner makiiie v e - ,me llounds of the North East ot v. - ,j Ministry Lott, ye Highway Lying Between them, the foure corners marked with M. Also a School Lott, containing sixty acres, Vlllii-tcr's. Soilthelly toye Milil-I; | house pl.e .-. Eash rlj t ye lead- ,d v. Lotts 109 All marked Willi S. Robert Hale, p'r Order." The first settlement in the township was probably made in the spring of 1735 by Samuel Lamson and Samuel Walton, from Reading, Mass. They settled at first about a mile south of the village, on the farm now owned by Mr. Bryant Melendy. where they built a log house. Both afterward removed to other parts of the town, — Lamson to the westerly part, now Mont Vernon, where some of his descendants now reside. About 1765 he removed to Billerica, Mass., where be died about 177'A Walton removed to the easterly part of the town, near Babboosuck pond. iif his subsequent history but little is known. His name appear- occasionally on the proprietors' records and is attached to the pe- tition to the provincial authorities in 1747, asking for help against the Indians. He is said to have died here, but none of his descendants reside in town, and for the last eighty years the name is not found on the town records. Lieutenant Joseph Prince seems to have been the only one of the original proprietors who settled in the township. He was from Salem village, (now Danvers,) AMHERST. and was a proprietor in the right of his uncle, Richard Prinee. According to an old plan, still in existence, his land at one time extended from Bedford line westward to near where the village of Mont Vernon now stands. A family tradition says that he first located himself on the farm afterward owned by Nathan and Peter Junes, in Mont Vernon, but re- moved thence to the place now owned by Solomon Prince, in the easterly part of Amherst. Other set- tlers followed not long afterward, many of them from Salem, and the adjoining towns which once made a part of that ancient town, but the progress of the settlement was slow. In September, 1741, but fourteen families were settled in the township. Efforts were made by the proprietors to induce set- tlers to locate in the township, and sinus of money were voted for that purpose, but the distance from the seaport towns and the hardships attending the lives of settlers in a new settlement prevented a rapid growth of the place. The French and Indian Wars, which commenced a few years later, also operated unfavorably to its progress. The lives of the first settlers in the New Hampshire townships must have been a constant struggle for existence. Locating themselves ou their lots at places where a supply of water could readily be obtained, they erected huts of logs or stones to serve as a tem- porary shelter. Perhaps a brook or pond, not far distant, afforded them an occasional meal, or a bear or deer came within reach of their trusty muskets. A settler in one of the Narraganset townships wrote thus of his town in its infancy: "A howling wilderness it was, where no man dwelt. The hideous yells ol wolves, the shrieks of owla, the gobblings of turkeys and the harking of f..xes was all the music we heard. All a dreary waste and exposed to a thousand difficulties." Against the monarchs of the forest the settlers waged a war of extermination. In the hot, dry days of sum- mer and autumn the tire aided them in their work. After their numbers had increased, they joined their strength in piling the logs into huge piles, which were set on fire and consumed. The manufacture of potash from the ashes was once quite a business among them. Eye was sown in the autumn on the cleared land, among the stumps and rocks, or corn was planted in the spring, from which, with a little care, abundant crops were raised. September 8, 1735. The proprietors appointed Captain Mower, Lieutenant Rayment and Cornelius Tarble a committee to build a bridge ovei Souhegan Eiver,and they seem to have attended to the business at once, as we find that at a meeting, held October loth following, the proprietors ratified an agreement they had made with Mr. Tarble for building a good and convenient bridge over the river, for doing which he was to receive the sum of ninety-five pound-,. It was probably built in the autumn and winter of that year, as we find the proprietors, at a meeting held April 1 2, 1736, desiring Captain .Mower "to wait on Dunstable Selectmen, to Request Hem to lay out j a Highway from Nashaway river to Souhegan Bridge, in the most convenient place;" and at a meeting held December 27, 1738, the) "voted that the sun, of ten pounds be raised toward building a bridge over Nashua river, provided it be built in a convenient place for the proprietors of this township;" ami themoneywas to be deposited in the treasury, to be paid when the work was satisfactorily performed. The building of a saw-mill was now in order, and, April 19, 1737, the proprietors "Voted, that Capt. Ives, Capt. Majory, Capt. Hicks and Mr. Edward Bond, for Ihe enii'iiraei-ment nf Iniildine a saw null in s..nli.;:an M.-.I. >■" '■■ "I 1 "" :i hr....k '-ailed lliMi.-i I- k. wli.-iv ii in.n lie mosl conve- nient, shall have paid them, out of the Treasury, forty i ids in money or Bills of ' "'lii Provided, that the said mill be fitted i" sav, bj the first of November next, and thai shee shall be Kepi in Good Repair, and to saw for the prop'rs to the oalvi 01 Equi'lenl to it, fol the spa f ten years lean this date." A tax of one hundred and twenty pounds was le, ied upon the proprietors, to pay the above grant and other charges, the same to be paid into the treasury by the 1st day of September following. February 14, 1737-38. The proprietors voted to have a second division of the land as soon as might be, and appointed Captain Joseph Parker, of < 'helms- ford, Ensign Thomas Tarbox, and Lieutenant Cor- nelius Tarble a committee to see it done. '- Voted, ihe aftia the 1','iuiti.- have v.-w'd the land they are to lay "lit it tin y think it will not allow of more than 60 acers, they are to make that the standard, and what land is m.-i-nei- to make it Equivalent to thehestGO aliens ; and that the Comitte have regard to the medow, and lay it out as they goe along, including it in the 60 akers " Voted, that the ahove Comitte shall lay out convenient ways for the proprietors as may be needful. ' July 11, 1738. The committee for dividing the town was enlarged by the addition of Mr. John Wiles and Captain Ebeuezer Rayment, and Mr. Joseph Richardson was appointed to serve in place of Cap- tain Joseph Parker. Parties that had newly pitched their lots were re- quired to have them surveyed by the same surveyor thai the committee employed to make their surveys, and present a plan of I he same, with their butts and bounds, to the committee, before the 10th of Sep- tember next, at their own expense, they being noti- fied by the committee. This committee made their report, which was accepted and ordered to be recorded, September 27, 1738, and the lots wen- probably drawn by the pro- prietorsat that meeting, or af one held on the 10th of May following. May 20, 1740. Solomon Wilkins had leave to take up sixty acres of hind adjoiningthe tall- in Sou- began River, the land to lay square, on condition that he built a good grist-mill near the falls, kept it in re- pair, and at all times supplied the inhabitants of the township with meal for the lawful and customary toll, when they brought their corn to be ground. The grant was to be forfeited in case he should fail to HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. grind and supply the town with meal forthwith,— unless prevented by some extraordinary casualty — or if he should wholly uegleet to grind for the space of eight months; but, provided lie gave an answer to the clerk by the 20th of Juno next following, accept- ing the conditions of the -rani, and had the mill rea dj to grind by the 20th day of May, 1741, in the meantime giving bonds for performance of the contract, the grant would hold good. Wilkins seems not to haveaccepted the otter, as, April 30, 1741, it was " VoUd, that the Proprietors will give to Mr. J Shepard Onehnn- en j ao-rs of land, to begin at William Peal Run down th. R I ' Un- fall-, and -»■ wide as to make and twenty acers on the conditions that the sixl was ,„ in Wilkin-, as app.oi, I. j tin' records before : lie building ,, good Grist-mill and a i,""-.d Saw-mill un so theaf aid land, and to finish them by the last of Novembei next, and Keep tli. in in good repair for tilt- use ..f said Proprietor-. I., -ml.'- a 1„„„1 t ,rTr.-"'"i t... '.imply with th.- same fi.rth witli. lie bavin-, lib- , white Oke Timber for the mill as he want- and ha n i Ol In 0V. :. Mr. Shepard was from Concord, Mas-. He ac- cepted the grant, built the mill, and became a useful and honored citizen of the town. At the saint.- meeting they voted that they would build a bridge over Souhegan River, and appointed Captain Samuel Bancroft, Captain Thomas Tarbox and Joshua Hicksa committee to say where it should be built, and get it done. Th '. also •■ voted, that they will give noe encour- agement to a blacksmith to settle among them ;" but they soon thought better of it, for, May 22, 174-".. they "voted that they will give encouragement forablack- smith to settle with them, and that Captain Parker, Lieutenant Prince and Mr. Lamson be desired to agree with a good smith to settle with them." As the sixty families required by the grant had not settled in the township, the proprietors voted held March 11, 1746-47, "That ill.', will .1.U-' a .'..mitt,'.' t.. -it an obligation drawn & sub- scribed, .I- i. ill Wige at leasl sixtj famalies, with them alreadj there, to set : , " 1 tnem . agreeable to the grant. , | [ hl . omitteo, I .; I Rai neut, IV Tarble a Robert Andrew." ;..:. the proprietors voted thattheir committee „ May . K Ijy ,, ut ; , Road from Salem Canady to Capt. Shepard's i,,„l-. , :, a i: 1 from ll.'z.'ki.ih Lovejoy's to the meeting In.. is.- ; 3, a !, a Road from I'h as i lari. - i" the in.-,. tins li..n-e ; .".. a 1!. .ad loading I.. an the meet- ing se i". apl Shepard ■ mill ; 6,s Road I .small a tothe meeting w ith a road from William Peabody'e into said Boad, all to be dun a, the I 'oinmittee think lite • |, i,, i, tii.it More shall be a Road laid out, four rod- wide, from Eb- [nezei Lyon - house to his Bi idge, ao .'ailed. - l loted, that they will build a 1'" "' He'', wheuro i i .point Mr. Lyon, Mr. Towne and Mr. Bead the Committee to build it. " feted, to allow Capt. shepard and others, eighty pounds, old tenor, towards bnilding the bridge called shepard - bridge.' In 1753 the following petition for incorporation as a town was presented to the Governor and Council by the citizens of Souhegan West: , the Honorable the t'ouncil of the 1'loVill. .' of New |l. imp- 1 "This humbly showeth that we, the sul.seiil.ers. Inhabitants of a Kew Plantation or Township railed Soughegan West, ol Narraganset, No. :i, .i with many lrrelni.lible difficulties under our present sit- uation, as the Barer will inform, earnestly [nay that hi> Excellency with ,,..,, Hon rswould Incorporate us, that we might enjo; i.tt,. i ti.- and privUedges ol a Town, and would Beg that the I battel of the Town may Bound us Westerly on the Township called Salem Canada, Northerly on N™ Boston, so called, Easterly on Bedford and part of '.' ItiVei, so railed. All which i- hUnil.h -Hi. Illltl'd to V. .11 l.\. ellenel'-S ail'l lluleail., » is.. CoUUcil, IVA a uty Bound shall ev.r pray. i Dated at Soughegan West, January ye 26th, IT.'.::. ■- Sign •Ephraim Abbot. Joshua Abbot Josiah Abbot. A... hew Bixbe. Joseph Boutell. William Bradford. Benjamin i h.ev.-r Joseph Clark. Eheiiezer Ellitiw 1. ■ Ellinwood, Eben Joseph Ellii Samuel Laiusou. Robert Read Benjamin Lovejoy. Ebenezer Lyon. Josiah Sawyer. Andrew Seetown. John Smith. Joseph Steel. Samuel Stewart. Robert Stuart. Benjamin Taylor. Israel Towne. Benjamin Wilkini No action seems to have been taken upon this peti- in old bill found tloll. Prices of sundries in 1759, among the paper- left by Rev. Mr. Wilkins Incorporation of the Town of Amherst.— In answer to a petition of the inhabitants of Souhegan West, the town was incorporated January 18, 1760. A meeting for the organization of the town, under the charter, was held at the meeting-house, February 20, 1760, at which Colonel John Goffe, who was ap- pointed to call the meeting, read the charter. Solmii. .n Hutchinson was chosen town clerk, and was immediately sworn to the faithful execution of the duties of the office. t !olone) John Goffe was chosen moderator, and the town voted to accept the charter. Solomon Hutchinson, William Bradford, Reuben Mussey, Reuben Gould and 'I'h. .mas Clark were chosen selectmen, David Hartshorn and Nathan Kendall tithingmen, and the other usual town offi- cers were elected. RESIDENT TAX-PAYERS IN AMHERST, SEPTEMBER, 1760. Ephraim Abbot, Joshua Ibbot, Josiah Abbot, Ebenezer Averill, II, Vndiew Bixl.y. .1 . ' Boi drew Bradford, Samuel Bradford, William Bin. If. ad, I'aiid Bum-. John . i.ai. Benjamin Clark, J. Nsph I I." 1 Jr., Thomas Clark. .lam.- '■■- bran. John Cole, Jacob Curtice, Benja- avis, John Davis, Benjamin 1M r, El.eii.-z.-r Ellinw I, El.ene- „.,. I Ihiiu I, Jr., Jedediah Ellinw I, J.-eph Ellinw 1, Pram-is Elliott, hli-h.i P. ii ai. Simeon II. 1. her, Nathan puller, Kiel. aid Gould, S a ,„„,.'l (.lay. 1 ... w 1 ll.,it-li"tii, John Ilaiw I, Ephraim Itildi.-th, i me , ip.i.i- William H _. Ebenezer Holt, Ebenezer Holt, Jr., J. Holt, !...„ ii ,..,- II l.ius.m, William Jones. Nathan Kendall, Jona- than Lamson, Samuel Lamson, Samuel Lamson, Jr., William Lancy, Abi- jah Lovejoy, Benjamin Lovejoy, lle/.ekiali Lovejoy , .1,,se|,h l...i - -|o\ , 1--I ■' ■- raim Lund, Ebenezer Lyon, Jonathan Lyon, John SIcClernand, Timo- thy Mclntire, William Melendy, Reuben Mussey, William Odall, John Patterson, 'Winiam IVabudj, .1. ■( 1 11 lVlt.-ti-jill, .1"- l-li l'ni»", lM.ert Read, Alexander Knbinson, Samm-l lr. ■' tn- • 11. 1 1 .t n 1 1 . .1 1 l;, lint-, .lames Rollins, Hugh Ross, Andrev Seaton, John Seaton Sai 1 Seaton, John Sln-pal.l .T..I111 Slie|„u.l, .ll.. ,l,w|>li Small. .I..I.H Smith, Tl Ii¥ Smith, Joseph Steel, Caleb Stiles, John Stuart, Robert Stuart, Sam- uel Stuart, Benjamin Taylor, Israel Towne, Israel [owne, Jr., Moses Town.', Thomas Towns, David Truel, MosesTruel, Caleb Upton, Thomas Wakefield, Willi Wallaee, Davis Walton, Kcuben Walton, John Washer, Stephen Washer, John Wasson, Dauiel Wes , Ebenezer Wes- Weston, Jr., George Wiley, Amos Wilkins, Benjamin Wil- kins, Daniel Wilkins, Lucy Wilkins, WiUiam Wilkins, Mary Wilkins. One hundred and ten in all. Among the heaviest tax-payers were William Pea- body, whose tax was £46 18s. 3d.; Nathan Kendall, £39 lis. Gd. ; Israel Towne, £34 Is. 9d. ; Joseph Prince, £31 7s, '.> .ill..\V 1 lime |o.l- .||- '■■■•■ Amherst ma* Llingsand four pence, lawful ui vn thai exerted pounds thirteen CHAPTER II. AMHERST— (Continued). MILITARY HISTORY. French and Indian Ware— Names of Soldiers— War of the Revolution— Firel Recorded Action of the Town— Amherst at Bunker Hill— Cap- 1 [ ... ii v — Captain Tuwne's <'oni|iaiiy— Captain Levi ' ..i.i|.ain - , i'li.' \ i Tfst— Names of Signers— Col- ..ii.. I llal.hvin's Regiment— Votes of the Town— Bounties— List of Rev.. Intl.. nary Soldiers— War ..f 1812— War of the Rebellion— The First War Meeting— The Home Guard— List of Soldiers— Soldiers' Monument. At a meeting held in the meeting-house, January 30, 1744-4o, the proprietors This vote i- the only one recorded which tells us of any action taken by the proprietors for the defense of the settlers against the attacks of the savages. Tradition tells us that about this time seven gar- rison-houses were erected in different parts of the town, to which the inhabitants resorted in times of danger. Beside these, a block-house, or fort, is said to have been built for the protection of the settlers. The House, May 15, 17 17, " Voted, that in answer to the two annexed Petitions, namely, that of ■ ■.." ... .1 . i ttouson, His Exc.llon.-v he d. . I. - I. eltei lOeln.ll to -O.llt and guard, under proper ..Dicers, said Sonhegan West and Monson, till the .1 ... . 1 I- , .... 1 that -....I men I., dulled ,..,. e Which was assented to by the Governor and Coun- cil. Among the scouts employed by the province in 1748 we find the names of Daniel Wilkin- and Wiu- c.l Wright, of Souhegan West, who were members ... the company employed to guard Sou In gaii, Stark's and Moiisoii garrisons that season. The war came to a close in 1749, but was renewed in 1752, and continued until the cession of Canada to the English, in 1763. Fortunately, no attack was made upon the settlers al Souhegan West by the enemy, and no account has reached us that any serious damage was done by them within its borders. A family tradition litis reached us that a part} of settlers, under theleadoi Deacon Hobbs, had a smart light with the Indians one Sun- day morning, in which the deacon handled his men so skillfully that no one of them was injured, while they were sure that some of the savages were killed. The Indians are reported to have said afterward, "Souhegan deacon no very g 1. He light Sabba- day." On another occasion, while Lieutenant Joseph Prince was going, one evening, from his clearing to the garrison-house, which stood near where Mr. B. B. Whiting's house now stands, he heard an arrow whiz past his head. On his return, the following morning, he found it sticking in a tree near by the path he had followed. Near the close of this war several of the inhab- itants served in the expeditions sent against the common enemy. Sergeant Ebenezer Lyon, John Everdeen, David Hartshorn, Jr., Samuel Lamson, Joseph Small and Thomas Williams served in Col- onel Blanchard's regiment tit Crown Point, in 1755. Humphrey Hobbs was a captain in the ranger service in 1755. Lieutenant Ebenezer Lyon, Daniel Wilkins, Sam- uel Bradford, Israel Towne, Joseph Lovejoy, John Burns, Jonathan Lamson, Nathaniel Haseltine, Dan- te] Weston, Stephen Peabody and John Mills served in Colonel John Hart's regiment, at Crown Point, in 1758. Benjamin Davis, John Mills, John Stewart and Robert Stewart were privates in Colonel John Goffe's regiment, at Crown Point, in 1700. The first reference on the old town records in rela- tion to the Revolution is under date of December 27, 1774. when the town voted " to approve of the results of the Grand Congress, and strictly adhere to them," and chose a committee, consisting of Colonel John Shepard, Lieutenant Benjamin Kendrick, Nahum Baldwin, John Shepard, Jr., Esqr., Dr. Moses Nich- olls, Dani.1 Campbell, Esq., Josiah Sawyer, Joseph Gould, Paul Dudley Sargent, Thomas Burns and Samuel Wilkins, to carry into effect the association agreement in this town. If any break over said agree- ment, the committee [are] ordered to publish the same ill the newspapers. The town was represented by one of its citizens in AMHERST. the "tea-party," in I >ecember, 177"., and in the Con- cord " fight," in 177".. March 13, 1775, voted three pounds nineteen shil- lings to Mr Sargent for hi- time and expenses al Exeter. April 19, 1775. Theattaekupon theLexingt nili- tia by the British troops aroused the country. In many of the towns in Massachusetts and New Eamp- shire companies of Minute-Men had been formed and drilled in anticipation of the coming conflict. The company in Amherst repaired .-it once to Cambridge. The following will give us some idea of the enthu- siasm of the people alter receiving the news of the fight at Lexington and < Joncord. It is also an honor- aide tribute to Colonel John Shepard, one of the prominent citizens of the town : "This certifies tiiiit i:-.| s|„. 1Kni ] „, \,„il, 177:.. wont with a Detach- ment of the Melitia, .,1 ;,i„,u hundred men, from A mlierst to Cam- bridge, aided, assisted, and comforted them, and ;tt Cambridge left with them two Spanish milled dollars. J0S1 in ' Nor was this all Colonel Shepard left with the "melitia." On the hack of the certificate is a list of other articles left, as follows: Pork, fifty-seven and a half pounds, one-half bushel beans, one and a hall' bushels to Sargent, some bread and one and a hal bushels meal. By the census taken that year, Amherst had three hundred and twenty-eight nun above sixteen years of age, fifty-three of whom were over fifty years old. Of these, Captain Crosby says "about one hundred," or over thirty per cent., went to Cambridge. The cen- sus returns report " eighty-one men in the army." AMHERST MEN IN Till: BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. Stephen I'eahody, adjutant of Colonel R 1'- r- 1 inn lit. Josiah Croshy, captain I'. ■ i \\ son Ha kv ell, second lieutt oant . Jol Ramsay, Josiah Sawyer, Bergoants; Kinjrsburv, Peter t:,,-s. 1: 1 i Wilkin-, . eii.-nt ; Thomp- Bradford, David er, EleazerW, Powell, drum- mer; Jabez Holt, liter; .Inslina Al,l...tl, Nathaniel Cur. tal, Alexander Brown, Jonathan Bnrnam, Joshua Bnrnam, Thomas Clark, Robert 1 '..- ln.n,, John 1 .,1, , M plan 1 'resin , Nathaniel e'rosl.v, Jacob Curtice, |:- .:: ■ Davi thai lit.li, \ - Flint, Thomas Giles, James Gilm n -o .11 ' ' I!.,-..,, \i ehelnus Keiincy, Solomon Kittredge, Jen miah I - in, indrew Leavitt, Joseph Leavitt, Joshua Pettingil), Notirse Sawyer, .lane- Simpson, Jonathan Small, Samuel Sternes, Jonathan Taylor, RufusTrask, Ebi n Wakefield, Joseph Wakefield, Joseph Wallace, Sutherick Weston, Jonathan Wilkins, Sam- uel w illiams, Isaac Wright. In Obtain IrcktlaM Toume'a company, lltrn in sy.e ; Archelaus Town.-, captain , William Read, corporal ; Nathan Kendall, Jr., fifer; Beriiainio M.iull, M..-os llnlTnii .Inenl. ldoil-.-tt. Stephen Gould, Samuel l,.mi. \dain CaMci-mi. l'e-T.i lloheit-on, Bartholomew Towne, Archelaus Towne, Jr., Reuben Wheeler. la lii;./.im /..o > J ..rW,i , w : j'.. c.,/,iiaoo/. /,'.../. oa/neeet. Joseph r.radford, firsl lieutenant ; Benjamin Dike, corporal; William Brown, Richard Goodman, William Tuck, Richard Hue-lies. Robert I:. Captain Towne's company was at first a part of the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts Regiment, under the command of Colonel Bridge. At the time of the battle of Bunker Hill it was one of the thirteen com- panies in the First New Hampshire, <>! regiment. Peter Robertson, a private in this company, was wounded while crossing "the neck" on hi Hunker Hill by a cannon-ball, which carried away his right hand. lit- received a pension of twenty shillings per month from the State, c enciug January 1, 1776. John Cole, a private in I Japtain Crosby's company, was killed In the battle, and Robert B. Wilkins, „t Captain Spaulding's company, was wounded in the right elbow by a musket-ball. After the battle Captain Crosb) made a return of the losses sustained by the members of his company, as follows : " \n account of thin-,- that was lost at tin- Rattle of C.nnker's bill, .Mi- llie [7iii of June, 177... belonging to Capt. Crosby's c 1 y: wis I apt Clo-lo S tllillL's ale 1 pistol A I p.l i r . if W "1-fed st .,cl, i 11 L - . Lent Daniel Wilkins, 1 cotton shirl Inn Thompson Maxwell, I inn- hot ... a . Adj't Stephen Pcabody, 1 blanket a 1 shin ; Quarter- Mastel lne. 1 coat & 1 hat : Seie't William Ilradford, 1 shirt; Serg't Lemuel Winchester, 1 pan of shoes; Eli Wilkins, 1 blanket a i bullet el. r Brown, I cotton -hut. 1 pail of stockings, a I guap- -e I, , Thaddeus Fit' h, 1 -Inn. I | ui calfsB a pumj l , i * era . gnapsack; Samuel Stearnes, I paii oi moefi Stepl by, I greal I |.i, !'. .el. I . ! | . . i -co i.i ■ . I pen ot Leather Rieeelns ; Nail. . I ' I 11 et. I _■ Ijo I '., I pall U -I -ale! I Hie I, [e-. A 1 llUlolU- 1 - Chief ; Sam'l Williams 1 -hut, a I halidki 1. hi.-f. a I =nn ; I - tel- le. le. ] hlaliket, 1 handkerehief ; Jo.-eph Wal.etiell, I pi I.-. i-kn breeches, 1 cartooch box ; Eben'i Wakefield, 1 sett ol sh ■ tings, a 1 p'rsl s ; Daniel Ki oi , 1 earn, Joseph W'allis, 1 pair -le.es, Andrew 1 vitt, 1 coverlid, I p'r stockings, 1 gnapsack, & handkerchief h.-nih Siowm, I -mi, 1 coat, 1 powder-h , a 1 Bible; Joshua Abbut, 1 gnapsick a . n i] .... a p i ..I a... kings, "JOSIA.H ''Cose, , ' 'aj 1 Andrew Leavitt, Samuel Robertson, William Wakefield and Eben Wincol Wright enlisted into the company June 19, 177o. Of these, Leavitt seems to have been in the battle two days before. Captain Crosby's company was present when Wash- ington took command of the army, July L\ 1775. From a return made of Captain Crosby's company, June 21, 1777'. we learn that on that day there were present and lit tor duty one captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, three serirennts, four corporals, one drum- mei and thirty privates, —total, forty-one. Two privates were sick, one was wound' i tended the wounded, three were absent on furlough, two had deserted, one was on command, three were in the' train, four were absent without have and one was ini — ing, — total, eighteen. This was styled the Ninth Company. The privates wcte paid forty shillings per month for their services, and the term of their enlistment was eight months; many, however, continued in the army until the Brit- ish evacuated Boston, in March, 177d; some even longer. Quartermaster Isaac Five, of Wilton, reported the rations dealt out t" them tor several days as follows: 11 177.".. July o to s ; 5o men pre-out who received ",1 loaves bread ; t'.o 11- |..il, una.- . 1 f; 176 gills rice ; 44 gallons beer. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. "July 14 to 18; 64 n present l . • ■ i -v • ■ 1 .'-1 l».n'~ I 'read ; .'4 llw. gills rice. ■ — lit lo.-civ.d ."'4 loaves 1". B I , 61) ■ , II,.. codfish.and 20 lbs. It appears from official documents that the State furnished five hundred and fifty-four gallons of New England rum and seventeen hundred and fifty-nine and a half gallons of West India rum foi the use of its soldiers while engaged around Boston in 1775. [n compliance with the earnest entreaties of General Sullivan, thirty-one companies, numbering sixty-one men each, were sent from New Hampshire to Winter Hill, near Huston, in December, 1775, to take the place of the Connecticut troops stationed there, who insisted on returning heme, as the term of their enlist- ment had expired. The names of the commissioned officers of these companies alone have been [ire- served. Benjamin Taylor, of Amherst, was captain ; Nathan Ballard, of Wilton, first lieutenant ; and John Bradford, of Amherst, ensign of the company raised in Amherst and Wilton. Captain Taylor died at Medford in February, 1776, before the expiration of the time for which he en- listed. Jonathan Burnham was paid £12 4*. 10d., for mus- tering in the thirty-one companies of New Hamp- shire militia that served on Winter Hill in the winter of 1775-76. A regiment was raised in December, 1775, and plaeed under the command of Colonel Timothy Bedel, which was ordered to join the northern army in New York, with which it was to march to reinforce the army in Canada. In one of the companies in this regiment we find the following Amherst nun: Daniel Wilkins, Jr., captain ; John Mills. - ud lieutenant; Wil- liam Bradford, ensign; Benjamin Hike, s. i --ant : Sntherick Weston, Joshua Abbott, Samuel Sternes, corporals; Thomas Powell, drummer; J.iK-/ Holt, lit, 'i : William Brown, Amos l'.outwell. I'miii- chandlei (colored), Ja s Clark, James Cochran, Robert Cochran, [saac Palmei , Stephen Curtice, Roger Dutton John Farnham, Laraford GU- I' ■ ,'.,, .i Holt, Solomon Kitti. ' 1 ',, , . I, ,-,p li Low- joy Ihi.'li M K- , I mo Mel ^s Nichols Isaac steams, Daniel Wilkins, (3d), Sylvestet Wilkins, Andre* Wilkins, John Wiley. The following Amherst men, mustered by Colonel Nahum Baldwin, April 15, 1776, wen' a part of a company commanded by Captain Timothy Clement, which was sent to Portsmouth to assist in guarding the sea-eoast ami the forts in the harbor: William Stewart, onsi.-n , Nallian Ua.ot. Mia- e,,.l Dutton, David Fisk, Richard G Iman, Joshus Kendall. Zephaniah Kit- . ., I I, -,,,11, J,,n ilh.ni I,\oii, Id" 'er C'dall, ltoliert l'arker. Samuel Shopald, ,1,1m Steams. \,a Sw i. merlon. ArrhelauS Towne, J] , Henry Trivet. This company, with others, was organized into a regiment, September 25, 177G, which was placed un- der the command of < lolonel Pierce Long. Onthe23d November following, it was ordered to Ticonderoga, to which place it marched in February, 1777. The following citizens of Amherst signed the " As- sociation Test." For convenience of reference the names .are placed in alphabetical order, and the of those who served in the army tire printed Darius Lbbott, Thomas Averil, Barred, M t Ephraim Abbott, Ebenezer Averil, John Averil, ,' /" it,. Ephraim I'.ai irron, Samuel BlasdelL .',,,../, B Kendall Boutell, ltmbai Bmtlell, \ieliew llra.ltoi,]. / ,, ,• !:,-,,,! a '■.■. illiam Bra.l- t'-io, i _.■ I'.uni-, .lolin limns, J,,h„ /erne.. .1,., ,t,,lin Iinne ,::dl, Tl m- Bums, Stephen Burnam, Olivei Carleton, 'I' >as II, 77,,,, , . ■ , , \ ,- mi, i I,.,*,, lolm Cochran, Joseph Coggin Henry , ...,„..„. w illiam , ,.,)e, m ..'.■■„ Cole, Satkan dole, Josiah - Sara son Crosby, Sites Cui wigs, Jacob Curtice, Jacob Curtice, J Ben, '" I'av, John l'amoii, I'.atile, m I'oo, I'.enjamiii H,>,l_e. J,,siah leu,, 1,1, o. John Hnnekloe. ,l,.s,.[,h I'm mite., Elisha Felton, William Fisk, . tile', I sos Flint. Jr.. Nathan Flint, Ephraim i Gage, J i GUm . l ' i , oiiiu.-. Jonathan Grimes, Joseph -.on,;, I Hall s,, ,,,,,/ //a..,., f.aeiamin Harts- 'aa-e. Join, Haiwood, Xathanid y, Ti liy Hill, Ephraim HiMreth, Unii.l Hit Eben Bolt, ,0 Isaa. Holt. Reuben Elliott, Jnsejil, To William Fisk, Jr., Am, French, Nathan Fuller, \,,a,- ' .,,, a, Dai al I te.nl, I, liiihard Ooiild, g Hsu tsb a //.... ':,„, , Samuel Hen Hildreth, I Holt, Isaae How. ./..■/ //,,,,. i'.ainamin Hopkins, Benjamin Hopkit,-. Jr., Ehene/.-r Hopkins f,'„'!,„allf, : ,i,a, Alaee Hut, hinson, Elien Hutchin- son, Elisha Illlteliinsoli, \athali 1 lilt, h i i,-,,n, Va'.V.a //et./.i'es,,). (-'d), Nathan Jones. Jr.. ."1/iWoi.I h'ff. John Kendall, Jr., Nathan Kendall. Benjamin Keurick, Josiah Kidder. Henry Kimbatt, Moses Kimball, Soi. ./,".' , ',.,, tha La ■ • n, William Lampson, Joseph Langdi 11 F I I' . ! Jacob Lovejoy, John Lovejoy, WiUi a / l ,,,■■ ,, l ,■ , 7 '■ / a, Thomas McAl- lister, J ts l/a,'o ,,., Robert Sdi a -. Willi, mi Melendy, Jr., Merrfli, .',,',.. '/ , II e \ . Timothy Nichols, William OdeU, Willi I.-M. Ji . /.■■ ■ I Pari loTam Palter John Pott Stephen Peabody, William Peabody, William Peabody, Jr., Will:, in Peat ck, Joseph Pierce, Joseph Prince. ;.I,.sepll Prince. Jr.,- 77„ ,,,,-ea /.'en. Itohert Head, II 'illi,,,, l;,.,.l )',,'., >;.,l:,.,l lohn lSol.y, Joseph Rollings, Jonathan Sawyer, Josiah Saicyer, JosiaJi Bawyer,Jr., John Secoml'e, Jane- S,a-t,,n. John s,- ion, John shepnid. Jr., Joseph Small, William Small, William Small, Jr., Daniel Smith, Isaac Smith, Jacob Smith, Jonathan Smith, Timothy Smith, Jar,,b N.....7/.e. Saa.c.t s'a, „,,/,,, J,,-a|,|, Steel, Jo-eph Steel, Jr , Hailed Stephen-. - . Snaps,, » s/eea,/, Anios Sticknev. Samuel Strattoii, Jonathan Taylor, s: a I Taylor, William Taylor, Benjamin Temple, l'.lieiiezei temple, US, Israel Towne, Israel Towne, Jr., Thome- Towne, ,'j.li, David Trnel, John Tuck, John Twiss, Jonathan ,. l ph.un, Ezekiel l'ptoii, Thomas Wakefield, Ji , Joseph II a, , , U ,'l, ,a. U a) a a, 1 ,' a I, ,:d \\ | I 1 1 , ,1 , ,1 , I « l-lao, S li, erWesl I-,... w. -:..,, 11 u , - ... II al Wilkins, John Wilkins, J than WOkina, Jr., Joshua Wilkins, William Wilkins, I.rmutt Winchester, lames W Ibury, l'.tci W Hairy, /....... II i , w right. " /,, /;., ;/,,„ I,;, Ti, Com ' ' Hampshin . ; t),i, .■.,;' "Pursuant to the He-piest on this pap.t Iroin il., 1 oinmittee ,,| Sat.dy to us ,11 ted, we have invited thoM- 1'ers, ,u> therein n.n I !■' i a la, n... iar.it e.n on tin- ],a|„i. and all thai h.n.- -.ii n havesigned it except Joshua Atherton, Es.p, .Mr. Daniel Campbell, Mr. Samuel Do ■■ TlloMV- WAKEFIEM, -) Reubek Mdssey, -Selectmen" SAM! 11 W 11 KINS, ) A regimenl ^^as raised in July, 1776, to reinforce the army in Canada. It was commanded by Colonel Isaac Wyman, was mustered in July 111, 1776, and served about three and a half months. In a company in this regiment, commanded by Captain William Barron, of Merrimack, we find the following soldiers from Amherst : James Gilmore, ensign: Nathaniel Haz.dthie, Ephraini French, ser- .,.,,,,. Vila, IJoiitell, I'.eti.jamin Clark, Jonathan Lamson, Ebenezer Rea, William Small, Jr., William Stewart and George Wil- li! Captain William Harper's company wen- Silas 1227 Cooledge, Zephaniah Kittredge, Robert Parker and Joseph Perkins, privates. In Captain Samuel Wetherbee's cum]. any were John Averill and Timothy Nichols, Jr., privates. Stephen Peabody, of Amherst, was major of the regiment. Colonel Baldwin's Regiment— This regiment was raised in September, 1776, and marched to assist the army in New York. It was in the battle at White Plains, October 28, 1776, and was dismissed at North Castle, N. Y., about the 1st of December of that year. Amherst was represented in this regiment by Colonel Nahum Baldwin, and the following men who served in the company commanded by Captain Philip Putman, of Wilton: "William Low, ensign; Elijah Averill Reuben Bontell Ebenezer Carlton, John Cochran, Jonathan I Stephen 1 oi i -. . I ■ .1 1 ii II. h ir.li.an. .1"- I (how. I - f. .■,.'. I - ■ !'■ ib.'dy ' Abel Prince, James 11. -a, Benjamin Smith, Run. I Minih. P.. njaniiii lay- lor, Richard Towne, Thomas Tow ne, Viot.n I'pton, Joseph Walla..- and Jonathan Wilkins, privates. In Captain Head's company were William Head, captain, and Andrew Elliot, private. Another regiment was raised in December, 177»'., to reinforce the army in Northern New York. This was plaeed under the command of Colonel David Gilman. In this regiment the following Amherst men served in tin- company commanded by Captain William Walker, of Dunstable : Jonathan Cochran, Isaae 1'. Curtice, Jacob Curtice, Roger Dutton, Stephen Gould, Abiel Holt, Ebenezer Udell, John Taylor, Robert Ii. Wilkins. A special town-meeting, held .May 22, 1 7 7 • "> , was the last one called in " His Majesty's " name in Amherst. The constables were simply directed by the selectmen to warn the inhabitants of the town of Amherst to the next meeting, held August 14, 177o. A meeting, held October 21, 177.., was called in the name of the "Province" of New Hampshire. After this, until the Declaration of Independence, the town-meetings were called in the name of the "Colony of New Hampshire." Since September 11, 177ti, the meetings of the town have been called in the name of the '' State of New Hampshire." Parties "f Loyalists, or Tories, were sent by the authorities of the State of New York to he confined in the jails in New Hampshire. Of these, the follow- ing were ordered to be sent to Amherst jail. Novem- ber 22, 177ii: Alexander Andrews, Peter Brown (to be kept in irons), Thomas Bullis, William Burns, Nathaniel Douglas, Jonathan Fannachiff, John Feath- ers, John Hit. heo.k, Laiiglilin McUatt.n. Isaac Man. Abraham Xath it" be in irons), Thomas IVai-on, Johannes Yan/eliri and .Iain. - \\ ol, I o- Not liking their accommodations, the prisoners soon broke jail ami escaped. Other parties of New York Loyalists were sent to Amherst jail. They were supplied with such clothing as they stood in need of at the expense of the State. The expenses of their confinement were afterward re- paid by the State of New York. The following action in regard to the estate of Zaccheus Cutler, Esq., was taken by the town at a meeting, held April 30, 1770 : " Whereus, /a. cheus I utler, Ibrmerlj "I Amh llillsl mli an.l ciony ..I N. « Hampshire, has in a very daring nian- ii, i pcivnl himself inimical to his country, and absi.. ml... aforesaid, a ml joined our unnatural enemies at Boston, at I b i, in:, I . Inn. I him lands, buildings, if., to a considerable value. And for prevention of his esiate coming to strip and waste, we, the inhabitants of Amherst, pa>s the fullowinc. votes, viz. •• p..'.'./ t.. impi.o. tin ' utler, Ksq. •• Vuled their Commitl I Safety be a committee t" improve said u.l ..state I..- I. 'It ills r.. ternary will. ■' I'../../ said Coiniiiitt.-e pay tli.. pi.. tits arising .11 said improvement to him or them wlmse right it may be t.. make a demand therefor." Against this action of the town Colonel John Shepard, Captain Israel Towne, Ensign William Peabody and Mr. Thomas Towne entered their pro- test, for reasons "that would he given at a proper time, if called for." July IS, 1770, the Declaration of Independence was received and proclaimed by Moses Kelley, Esq., sheriff of the county, with heat of drum from the horse-block, which then stood on the common in front of the meeting-house. .March 31, 1777. The town voted to remit the poll- tax of those persons wdio served as soldiers in the Continental army the whole of last year. June It), 1777. Voted, in case there should bean immediate call for men to serve in the Continental army, to allow those who arc disposed to enlist the same encouragement they have heretofore paid, and to asses, the amount necessary for this purpose upon the poll- and estates of the inhabitants of the town. Captain Stephen Peabody, Captain Hezekiah Love- joy and Mr. Solomon Kittredge were appointed a com- mittee to procure soldiers on the terms mentioned above. Colonel Nahum Baldwin, Mr. Stephen Burnam, Mr. William Wallace. .Mr. Andrew Bradford and Mr. Timothy Smith were chosen a committee to affix and settle prices upon sundry articles. hi a return, made by Colonel Moses Nichols, March 111, 177H, we have the names of the men employed by the town to till its quota in the Continental army in theyears L777,1778and 1779, the period of their enlist- ment, and the regiments and companies in which they served, as follows : Stephen Abbott, Cillej - regiment, Wait's companj , for three years; Elijah Averill, Cilley's regiment, Wait s company, foi thn e years ; Joshua Blodgett,< illey's regiment, Richards' company, for three years; Peter raiment, Morrill's company, fur the war , V. Cilley's regiment, Waits company, for three years I'm.- Oochran, i illey's regiment. Scoffs company, f..i three years . Jonathan Cochran, .. I,,, -.-..it , pany, foi ti years , Robert Cochran, rjiiie, ,. i. Wait ompany,forthe war; Silas Cooledge, Cilley's regiment, Waif- rpany, oa tl year-; 10. b. o Cunningham, Jr., , . Who . , ,,,,,, in,, tor three years ; Robert Cunningham, i ,i for three 3 EzeMel Davil CI by - reg of Waif- ipany, for three year.- . Joseph O.iM-, (illey's regiment, Wait - company, I'm three years; Benjamin Dike, Cilley's regiment, Waifs company, for three years; John Dow, Cilley's regi- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. mi nt, Richards c pany, For il years; John Dutton, Cilley's regi- ment. Wait's . nmp.m\ , t..i I ii i < . \e;n- Pi I Li" I O 1 1 ii. hi, S. mi mini's regiment, h'wV company, for three years; Jude Hull, Cillej s regi- ment, Richards' company, fbi three veai . Henry Harris, Cilley's regi- III. til, Wails roinpaiiy, l.ir three v. mis . Firhapl Hughes, Si ainmel's regiment, Fry. - oinpain n. line. > .v - I'.mi.-l kiiMer. Cilley's reej- mem, Morrill's company, for three years ; R ib rl Parkei Cilley's regi- ment Wait's company, fo | trs rhomaa Powell, Scammel's iv -i in. in In. 111 p.nii, i,. 1 1: i. ... ,i,- W ilhain shaddock, Cilley's regi- 1 1 1 1 1 > ■ L - regiment, , Scammel s regi W.HI - n.Nip.iliv, I- 1 Mil... Veal- . Villi. 11 Wait's company, i'..i three j -mi - 1; Ri ' i ■ W ait's company, I'm three years , \ w Five's ruin puny, Im tl vein's; lo.l.oit i I i ]i;uiv, for three veins; SUioste, Wilkin-'. Cilley's reL'i- ment, Wait's company, foi t years '■ -■■ Wilson, Cilley's regiment, Wait's company, fur tine, \ John Rano was hired by Amherst, but afterward decided to belong to Andover. Peter Brewer «;is a colored man, from New Boston. .hide Hall, another colored man, was from Ken- sington. Joshua Blodgett was from Litchfield. Silas Cooledge and John Taggart, from Hills- borough. The Cunninghams, from Derryfield. William Shaddock, from Boscawen. (in the advance of General Burgoyne's army toward Ticonderoga, in the summer of 1777, thousands of volunteers marched from various places in New England to assist in the defense of that stronghold- Two companies, under the command of Major Abial Abbot, of Wilton, marched, June :u», 1777, for the threatened fortress. On reaching Charlestown (Xii. 1), they were ordered home, but when they hail reached Dublin, on their return, they received orders "to march with all speed to Ticonderoga." When they reached Otter Creek thej heard of its evacuation, AMHERST MEN IN THESE ciiMPAMI B lu < ,i/7 .ie Peabudy'i ! 'ompany. Captain Stephen Peabody, Lieutenant John Bradford Ensign John Palters,.!!. Capo nil Villus Flllot, Nathan i .: I - . . ■ - \ -I.J.Ie'l Crosby, William Crosby.Isaai P. Curtice, Jai b Curtice, Bogei Dntton, Fin. lever lint. hin» a Jonathan I ii"-. iii .1 J.n I ovejoy, w illiam Lew. .1. nullum I\ n. I'.-iii n M.inll, timothy N In ]-, .ll ., Adam Patter- Williams. In I'.'/ifoul .Vnt/e'e /;.i//. ir.t's ' oiuiximj. Fn-l Ineiilonalit Joseph Fariinm. See. . lei T.ienteiialit Eli Wilkins, Sei-v.iiit Nathan 1 1 nt. hiii-oii. Muses Averill, Saninel I in!:.. Ml.n i , iv, \. ,,..•. \ i, hols, i beni zei i Idell, Wosee Peabody, Benjamin Sawyer, Daniel Smith, Samuel Stewart, William Stewart, William Talbert, Henry Timet. Thomas l'n.l.-i wood, Solomon Wa-h.-i In the battle of Bennington the regiment com- manded by Colonel Nichols, of Amherst, commenced the attack, and Captain John Bradford, of the Amherst company, is said to have been the second man who m ited lite Hessian breast-work. The Amherst men engaged in the battle were: I 'i.lonel M s Niele.l- eel 1 1 ma I ill i 11 Li a regiment ; Col I Stephen IV. n body, aid to General Stark ; John Bradford, captain ; John Mills, first lieutenant : Joseph Far mini, see I lieutenant ; John Pen Bergeants ; Nathan Cole, Jacob Curtice, Unos ciie.n, e,,, |,.,n,i- . Ken ben I:. .nt. n, David Burnam, Israel Burnam, Jonathan Finn. no. Stephen Crosby, Willil 'i'"sl.y, Isaae Curtis, Samuel Cultis, Stephen Curtis. I; ... In.' .M ledidiah Fllinw I, John Fverdnii, Fnlafnrd Oilhert, A lh n hel_.'. l'aiiiil In. en, Samuel Harris, William 1 1., v. I ihvli.ih Holt, Joseph Jewett, CalebJones, Eli Kimball, s..i m Kittredge, Jon- athan hainsoii, Asa I, .wis, Benjamin Merrill, Ebenezer Odell, Joshua Pettingill, JamesKay, Benjamin Sawyer, Indrev. Sham , Benjamin Steam-. Samuel Stewart, Simpson Stewart, Itellialnili Tiolor, ll.inx Trivett, John Wallace, Eli Wilkins, George Wilson, privates, [n Captain Ford's company, Nichols' regiment, were Silas Gould, Solomon Hutchinson, Robert Parker and Eleazer Usher. Colonel Nichols was employed seventy-two days in this campaign; Captain Bradford and company seventy-iinc days. They received £213 as bounty and advance wages at the time of their enlistment, and £461 7«. 9rf. as a balance, due for their services, October 18, 1777. Archelaus Towne, Archelaus Towne, Jr., Francis Grimes and William Hogg marched and joined the army under Genera] Gates, to Saratoga, in September, Among the old papers in the office of the Secretary ofState is tlie following order for payment of supplies furnished I'm' the Bennington expedition: sii!, ,,, Niw Hampshire, April 2, 1179. " To m holai Gilman, Esq., B. G. : " Pursuant to a vote of Council and Assembly, pay Josiab. Crosby and Hezekiah Fovejoy twenty-five pounds, twelve shillings, tor camp uten- len. Mark's brigade. " £25 l'-'s. "M. Wkarf., Presid't." A brigade of the New Hampshire militia, under the command of General William Whipple, was sent to Khi.dc [sland in the summer of 1778, l<> assist in tin attack upon the British forces stationed there. Colonel Moses Nichols commanded one id' the reg- iments, Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Peabody one of the battalions. Captain John Bradford was adjutant in Colonel Nichols' regiment, and Colonel Daniel Warner quartermaster. The following Amherst men- served in Colonel Nichols' regiment, in the company commanded by Captain Josiah Crosby : Jo iii shy, captain; Bezekiah Lovejoy, Lieutenant; John Mills* Josiab Crosby, Jr., Mh m G Iridge, sergeants; John Cole, Jonathan Wilkins, corporals; John Tlontt.ll, Finn Bradford, John Carlton, Daniel Chandler, Stephen Crosby, si 'a, Cummings, Ji s Ellinwood, John F>- I'arniiin. Feiijaiiiin Lewis, Renhen 1'. Mnssey. Ti thy Nichols, Jr , Ebenezei Odell, John Odell, Peter Robinson, Joseph Rol- lins, Jacob Stanley, Samuel Stanley, Jotham steams. Thomas Stevens, W i J 1 1 no -I. -w .111, Benjamin Taylor, Jonathan Taylor, William Talh.it. P.artiiol w j'ow no, S..I,, emu Washer, p. h ales In Captain Reynolds' company were Roger Dut- ton, Ebenezer Odell, Joshua Pettingill, James Ray, John Stevens and John Wallace, privates. In Captain Dearborn's company were William Hastings, Andrew Burnam, John Ellsworth. March S, 177.'. Benjamin Hopkins, Jr., William Odell and James Woodbury were chosen a committee to provide for tin- families of the non-commissioned officers and soldiers lielmigingtothis town in the army. AMHERST. 229 June 7, 1 77i». The town voted "that tiny will take a method to raise the soldiers called for to serve in the Continental army." June 29, 1779. Voted to add fifty bushels of Indian corn, or its equivalent in currency, to the State and Continental bounties ottered each soldier who shall enlist during the war, and the raising of the soldiers on the above encouragement was referred to the com- missioned officers (of the militia). August 5, 1779. Mr. Timothy Smith, Colonel Stephen Peabodj and Captain John Bradford were appointed a committee to procure the quotas of men which should hereafter be required of the town during the war. September 15, 1771). Voted to raise twenty thou- sand dollars lor hiring their quotas of men for carry- ing on the war in the future, and the selectmen were directed to assess the above sum in the common way of assessing, and pay it into the town treasury as it is collected. At a meeting, held November 2. 1770, the town voted to a low Cl edit t , thos ■ persons who had lone more than tlu it iropo lion i l carrying un the present war. Nincm n \ •■•r • fun ished tin- the < lontinental rmy in 1779, ti sen i ■ y ;ar, as follows : Samuel Cla k. ■ Oi. ..l.lnlv 11 177! . discharged luguel 20,178 ■w " . ' i ■..;.!,■ \.i-".t"-'r Calvin Hon ■1 Vu .1. hi, M K .i, i>l • I l.ih _■■• ITT-i . .Ii- li.u-.-l .lini.. J". IT-" Joseph Perkins, enlisted Julj I :. 1779; discharged June 20, 1780. ■ I ph Rawlins, enlist I lugusl 14, i : . ' . -I... h;ir_--.| \n-n-t -jo, 17sn. Archelaus To« n,-, .Mih-t. .1 .Ink 21, 177 i : .h.-.l 1'.-, -in!., r 1, 177*'. Joseph Wilson, enlisted .Inly 27, 1779; discharged .1 20, 1780. Soldiers at Rhode Island, 1779.— Colonel Her- cules Mooney commanded a regiment sent to Rhode Island from this Slate in the spring of 1779, to assist the army stationed there. The following Amherst men served in this regiment, in the company com- manded by Captain Daniel Emerson, of Hollis: Bfoses Barron, ensign ; Moses Werill, drum r ; John Carlton, .VI- [ili.-i.is Crosby, Jol del] and Levi w (bury In September of this year Captain Hezekiah Love- joy and Joseph Nichols enlisted for six months in the garrison at Portsmouth. Eleven men were furnished for the Continental army in 1780, — Peter Abbot, enlisted July - dw 1 u '.■ 1 |i. nili.-i- i'i, 17.se Robert Campbell i i list d lulj - . ischarged 1 ruber 21, AlpheusCr.jsl.y, enlisted .luh 8 ; ,1 charged 1 lei embei 6, l Stephen Crosby, enlisted July S ; .h charged December^ 17 Isaac C'urti ■ -. i i , I 17- .I.li .Ii h'M'.-li, enlist. -.1 .lull.- 2',l ; .lis Obadiah Holt, .-nlisl.-.l -Iiih s ; .lis. larged ibi i 18, 17 Juthain Stearns, enlist. -.I July s ; (lis.-har^.-.l I>eceiul..-r ii, 17so. Bimsley Stevens, enlisti-.l June 29 ; disi barged December 'Jl. 1780. Jesse Woodbury, enlisted July 8 ; discharged December 6, 1780. A regiment under the command of Colonel Moses Nichols served three months at West Point in the autumn of 1780. Dr. Henry Coduian was surgeon. In lie- company commanded by Captain William Barron, of Merrimack, we find the following Am hersl men: Daniel \..--!! \ mm l:..: i\\ in. .Ir , Ainlr.-w ni;i.ll..i.l, loni.-l K.-n nv, II.ni> K1111I..1II. I'.oi.l M.-kiu. .Ins.-ph Nichols, Benjamin Stearns, William Tolbcrt, William Wallace Bfer), Daniel Weston, William Brown -..-i ved In anothel ipanj Seventy-four men, including those then in the field, being called for to serve three years, or during the war, the town, at a meeting held Februarj 8, 1781, appointed Captain Nathan Hutchinson, < 'aptain Israel Towne and Amos Flint a committee to raise the men required. Captain Hezekiah Lovejoy, Thomas Wakefield, Daniel Campbell, I'.enjamin Davis, Eli Wilkins and Lieutenant Ebenezer Weston were subsequently added to the committee, who wen- authorized to hire money to procure the men needed. The families of William Brown, James Cochran, Richard Hughes, Farrar Miller, Nathan Tutlle and Joseph Wilson, soldiers in the Continental army, were assisted by the town this year, 1781. John Abbot Coss, Francis Lovejoy, Joseph Love- joy, Joseph Pedrick and Daniel Wilkins (3d) were stored in March 5, 1781, to till the quota of three years' men required of the town a! that time. In July, 1781, nine men were required to serve six months and the requisition was tilled by Nahum Baldwin, Jr., Ebenzer Curtice, David Hildreth, Caleb Hunt, Henry Hunt, Michael Kiel!', Joseph Nichols, Allen Stewart and William Cowen (but there is no record that he joined the army until December following, when he enlisted for three 5 ears). Late in the summer of 1781 eleven men were called for to serve three months. They marched September 2od of that year. In the selectmen's account they are mentioned as " 1 1 suldiers at Charles- town, 1781," and were probably raised in apprehen- sion of trouble on the western and northern frontiers of the State. Their names were Peter Abb.. 1, Daniel Averill, Elijah Averill, George Christopher, Paul Crosby, John Fields, Edward Hartshorn, Joshua lb :ywood, Samuel Phelps, Peter Wakefield and Dan- iel Weston, and they served in a company com- manded by Captain John Mills. Among the papers in the adjutant-general's office, in Concord, is the following account of beef and fat cattle collected for the army in the town of Am- herst by Francis Blood, in the year 1781 : " July 23, 2 cattle weighing 1250 lbs. Aug. 7. .; - ■• 3140 ■' Aug. 22, 1 " " 277.7 " Oct. 9,7 " •' 1355 " NOV. i:i. V) " " 4IS.7 " Beeffurnis 1 by Nichols 8560 " Total 24,565 lbs. " IVin- Hi.' aiu.iiuil tie t.wn \mi- required tu furnish." In 178J fourteen three years' men were required HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. to fill the town's quota in the Continental army, and the following men wen- furnished . J - \"M, Andrew Bla.ll'.ir.l, Eno.'h Carlt.m, K].ln..i: Goes, ll.nis Handley, William Haywood, Adam Patterson, John Pea- body, Thomas Peabody, Alexander Uunnel-, Benjamin Cuck Daniel Beaton and John Grout. Peter Ahbott, fifer, Moses Pettengill and James MeKean, privates, enlisted in a company commanded by Captain Ebeuezer Webster, which was raised for the protection of the northern frontiers of the State in 1782. Stephen Dike, of Amherst, served six months lot- New Boston, in 1781. David Truel, Jr., served six months for Merrimack, in 1781; and William Henry Wilkins, son of the minister, enlisted to serve three years for Candia, in June, 1777, but died at Yellow Springs, Pa., June 22, 1778. Luther Dana served in the navy a short time, near the close of the war. • aptain Joseph Perkins served on board a privateer vessel, which was taken by the British, and he was carried a prisoner of war to England, where he was confined for some time. Levi Woodbury served on the privateer "Essex," which was taken, and he was carried to England, a prisoner of war, where he died. Jonathan Wilkins served on the ship "Hague," and ■was wounded in an action with a British vessel. April 11, 1782. More soldiers having been called for to fill the town's quota, the town voted to add Lieutenant Darius Abbot, Robert Means, William Lampson, Samuel Dodge, Captain William Dana and Captain Ephraim Hildreth to the committee to hire soldiers. October 29,1782. The sum of thirty pounds was granted for the support of the families of Joseph I. ivejoj and Daniel Wilkins, Jr., the same to be in- dorsed on the securities given them by the town's committee for hiring soldiers. Bounties. — Bounties paid soldiers in the war for Independence by the town of Amherst, which were repaid by the State, — Soldiers that served in Capt. Walker's Co., oilman's regiment, Soldiers in Col. Peabodj s regiment, al Rhode Island Soldiers in In], lialdwih's r.-.iiii, lit. at \ru Yerk,]77t'> . . . 1" I ontnieiita] soldiers, tram 17sl, 3 yours' men 1" --Ml. 1- Hi I apt IsillMU - i'.. .. \\ Mil. ill - n— t. 1 7 T i . . . . . i erved at Charlestown, iTsl :> " 17*1, new levies, si\ months' men at Coos, 1780, Captain Stone's company '•' " in Colonel Mooney's reg nt 13 " from 1783, :; years' men List of Soldiers.— Alphabetical list of soldiers and sailors from Amherst in the war for Independence, — Joshua Abbot, Nathan Abbot, Nathaniel u.t..,t. Peter Abbot, Stephen Abbot, James AIM, lnuiiel Avorill, liaw.l Amti'11, Elijah Av.-nll, John '■ ■'■■! >l \ioiill, Naliuni r.aMwin.Xahum Baldwin, Jr., Nathaniel Barrett, MoBes Barron, Jacob Blodgett, Joshua Blodgett, Aaron Boutell, \in.is Boutell, Joseph Boutell, Jr., Eeuben Boutell, Thorns B 11, Richard Boynton, Andrew Bradford, lams Bradford, John Bradford, Joseph Bradford, William Bradford, Jr., Petei Brewer, Alexander Br.oMi, Willi. mi I'.ioun, lt,i\i.l tin in. l.-rail linrnam, Jonathan Bur- aim Jot .!'. rnam, Robert Campbell, Ebenezer Carlton, Enoch Carl- ton, J in Carlton David ( andlei Pi is I handle] . i ieoi gi I hi into- phei I' t i,,. JamesClal - Duel Clark, Thomas Clark, Ja - Cochran, J. -in. i ... inn,, Jonathan ' 01 bran, Robert Cochran, Henry I ->">■ 'ol !., .1 I. Uathan I ole, William Cook, Silas Cooledge, William Cowen Upheu Crosby, Ezekiel Cro-hy, Josiah Cros- by, Josiah Crosby, Jr., Nathaniel Crosby, Paul CroBby, Stephen ' by, William Crosby, Silas i: tCnm rham, R rt Cunning ham, it I bei urti I ■ Ps tnei Curtice, Jacob Curtice, Lem- '" 1 i urtii e, Stephen Curti .1 o oa, I hai h- Davenpoi i, Benja- min Davis, EzeUel Davis loseph D Benjamin Dike, Stephen Dike, JohnD la h l»..v.-h. J ti I'uti J..nathan Dnttun, le^er Ihittnn, James! tin «d, Jedidiab Ellmw I. . i . — j .1 , Ellinw l, Amos Elliot, Vndrew Elliot, John Eluni rth J I ■.. irden, Asa Farnum, John Far nui i, lost ph I. t.t t, sop I. ., I. , John Fields, David Fiske, •|'h. i. I.lmi- Fitch, Amos Flint. I ,.1, Giles, James < lilmore, Ri bard t Goss, John \lihot Goss, Pete - '.!..[,, I i.Hi, is Crimes, John Oi Handley, Henry Harris, Samui Hartshorn, Jr.. John Hartshorn, on Ooiih l. Daniel ude Hall. Henry artshorn, James Jo-hna Hayw 1. li.ui, Hogg Uriel ' : M '' ''I.mIiiIi Holt, t'.ilnn Honey, Joel Howe, Ulohartl Efughet t ,. | Hunt, Henrj Hunt, Ebenezer Hutchinson, Nathan Hutchinson, Joseph Jewett, Caleb Jones, William Jones, Joshua Ken- ilall, Nathan Ivrliilall, Jr., Aivhrlinis hrnieo I'aniol K. nney, Miehael Keel", Daniel KMili-r, Eli Kiiuhall, Henry kiinhall, Eleazer W. Kings- bury, Solomon Kittredge, Zepheniah Kittredge, William Lakin Jeremiah Lamson, Jonathan LamBon, Samuel Lamson, J as Lan- caster Andrew Leavitt. Jo-, j,h t.oiwtt. \~:t Lewis, Joseph Lewis, A hi a hall i I.lttlelia], , I ran- I- I. ■. ■ .\ , lh /. kiah laoejov, John I,o\ejo,v, Jo— fh l..a,..|.._v. Willi. in. I ■ I ,..,!.■. h. Jonathan 1,\ on . \ii,ln\\ Sept. 4, 177h. Fait 15 men in Wyman'ereg ot . . 1 ,0 " 5, 11 " ■• Baldwin's " . . 132 May 7, 1777. J7 Continental soldiers 809 13 1" July 19, 1777. 55 men in Stark's brigade, l tno. 221 1 it o " 11, 1779. '.' t ..iilitii oital soldiers, beside 0'; I '> Id g 1 money .... 215 2 9 " 21, 1780. 12 men in Nit hols' ie_r't, :: mo. 72 " 31, 17sl 1 t ■ Olt 1 lo-llt , -ohh.l-. IMW I.O I.'-, ti months ins " 15, 17S2. r. Continental soldiers, 3 years . 1-1 Continental soldiers, 3 years , '.OH n II Bounties, etc., paid by the town that were not re- paid by the State, or the United States, as reported by the selectmen Si-ptember !►, 1791. .■aid Col, NiVhnh' n^imont, ;it West Point £180 An average made in 1777, for soldiers that bad served .... 480 M.„ I y t Moa Peabody, ,. Moses Pearson, 11, Samuel Phelps, ■ Ray, James Ray, Joseph Rollings, Hubert s annuel!. Tin. in. t- -■ •> w , i mi, - . , ,s, ^.iiiuelShepard, Andrew Shannon, .lame- Simpson, Jonathan Small, William Small, Jr., Benjamin Smith, Daniel Smith, [saac Smith, Jacob Stanly, Samuel Stanley, Benjamin steam-, I-,.,.. Stearns, John Stearns, Jotham Steam-, Samuel St.-arns, Bini.-ley Stevens, Thomas Stevens, Mini Si, w- art, John Stewart, Samuel Stewart, Simpson Stewart, William Stewart, Asa SuinueHnii, .Mm Ta_"_;nl, Benjamin Taylor, Benjamin Tayl.ir, 2d, John Taylor, Jonathan Taylor, Hugh Thornton, William Talbert, AMHERST. ^:;i Archelaus Town.', Archelaus Towne, Jr., Bartholomew Towne, Jonathan Towne, Richard Towne, Rufus Trask, Henrj Trivett, David Truel, Jl , Benjamin Turk, William Tuck, Nathan Turtle, rhomas I ndera I. Peter Wakefield, « ill un W ik. field, Jol Walla I Wa! Daniel Warner, Solomon Washer, Stephen Washer, Dani I \* a Dani Weston, Isaai West a, Sutl l Weatoi ft l « r, John Wiley, i, ise W oodbury, Levi WilsoD, Joseph Wilson, Lemuel \\ i Woodbury, Eben Wincol Wright, Isaai Wrighl SOLDIERS FROM SlMHERST WHO DIED IN THE WAB FOB INDEPENDENCE. Lieutenant Joseph Hradford, at Mcllonl, July, I77. r . Peter Brewer, killeil in I =; i r 1 1 ■ . at S;in!u-;i, o. 1 ■ . I .. - 1 7, 1777. Primus C1iali.ll.-i, kilk-I l-y Mi- In-lni -'. May, 17711. James Clark, at Mount Independence, July, 1776 Jonathan Cochran, (came borne Bick) died at home, March 24, 1778. Robert Coi In an. died of disease, i. and pla. a not known. John Cole, killed in battle al Bunkei Hill, June 17. 177".. K/.-ki-l Davis, in o-nti.il N--« York, June 16, 1779, Joseph Davis, killed bj the Indian- • V « * 1 1. . \-i-u-i 1 ■'-. I ~ ~ ' ■ ,1. sMcGraw, killed in battle at llnnk-i 11.11. .Inn- 17. 177.'.. David Ramsej (brough te sick), died Doce er2, 177:.. Nourse Sawy. r, at Ci iwn Point, July. 1776. William Sha.hloek, nil. - not known, .h-l .Inn- 30, 1777. William Til k .In -I ■•! 'li-.i-. tini- .in-l i-l.i. -■ ii.. I known. \ .,, . i -. . t Wol -I •-- . December, 1776 Daniel Weare, at I ran Poinl July, 1776. Captain Daniel Wilkins, Jr., at Crown Point, July. 177... Sylvestei Wilkins, at Easton, Pa., Septembei 20, 1779. Willi.uu ll.-i.ii Wilkins, at Yellow Springs, Pa., June 22, 177s. Levi W ii-.uy. a prisoner oi war in Kngland ; date not known. Eben Wincol Wright, at Winter Hill, Noveml War of 1812— The record of the enlistments in the regular army for the War of 1812 are in the possession of the War Department, at Washington, and not accessible to the public. The names of some who en- listed from Amherst are, however, remembered. Captain Turner Crooker, at thai time a resident in this town, opened a recruiting-office on the Plain September, 1812. He was then a captain of the Ninth Regiment United States [nfantry. After the close of the war he was retained on the peace establishment, with the brevet rank of major. John Dodge, Jr., enlisted and returned at the close of his term of service. Heafterward removed to Ver- mont. John Dutton enlisted and served on the northern frontier. Samuel Dutton served on the northern frontier. Timothy Dutton also served on the northern frontier. He died at French's Mills in 1813. David Hartshorn served une year on the northern frontier. Joseph Hartshorn served one year in Vermont and New York, in the Twenty-ninth Infantry. He died June 27, 1884, the last survivor, so far as known, of the Amherst men who served in the War of 1-S12. Joseph Low was second lieutenant in the Firsl Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers. On the re- organization of the regiment he wasappointed pay- master of the Forty-tilth Regiment United Stales Volunteers. Peter Melendy enlisted in 1813, served a short lime in Northern Vermont as lieutenant in a regiment of infantry. This commission he resigned, and was shortly after appointed a lieutenant in the artillery service, and ordered to Fort Constitution, where he remained until near the time of his death, May 15, 1823. Jacob Pike had enlisted in ISO'.i, and serve I through the war. John Purple served through the war as a drummer. Robert Purple, his brother, enlisted and died in the service. ,I..lin Stewart and his son, John Stewart, Jr., also enlisted. The latter served as a drummer-boy. John Warner was sergeant in a company of in tan try, and died at Sackett's Harbor in 1814. He was son of < 'olonel Daniel Warner. Others doubtless enlisted in the regular army, of whom we have a1 present no account. At a meeting, October 11, 1814, the town voted to raise two hundred dollars to be appropriated for ammunition for the militia and other inhabitants of the town of Amherst, and the selectmen were consti- tuted a committee to purchase the same. September 7, L814, detachments from twenty-three regiments of the State militia were ordered to hold themselves in readiness to march for the defense of Portsmouth, then threatened with an attack from a British fleet, cruising near by, and on the 9th they wen- ordered to march. The quota furnished by the town of Amherst was a part of the regirnenl com- manded by Colonel Nat Fisk, of Westmoreland, and consisted of .1.. i. ii. . ..nv. .-■■, .-;.], lain . Si.iiin. I [..-..narit, Lot 1 1. -i Kllintt. — r-.-ni.t- ; Si. il.ii. ii 1: Fi.-n.li, J— -ph lliiitslii.ru, cot'|...ra1s ; Ilim.l lilli-lt, Ilavi.l l'i.-k (ii.l), Daniel Oilman. Jonalliau II. mm. I. lieiijaiuiii J. well. .Ii , .1. .In II kiiliu, Samuel M. luvili^-ti.n, I'.-I.janlili IV. ik, Jr., (nival. -s. They were mustered into service September 16, 1814, and served three months. Another detachment of the militia was drafted for the defense of Portsmouth, which was mustered in September 27, 1814, and served sixty days. The following soldiers from Amherst served in Colonel Steel's regiment, in the company commanded by Captain James T. Treavitt, of Mont Vernon: Robert Read, lieutenant ; I. ml T. Niehnl-. s.iiuu- 1 si-v.-n- . - -i ■- -.-ants ; John Aunis, Si. inn. -I Cuvi-is.-, Jr., Israel Faniuin, .la s II. Grater, Timothy Hartshorn, Mansfield King, privates. About fifty citizens of the town, who were exempted from the performance of military duty by the militia law, met at the house of Captain Theophilus Page, HISTOllY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. October 10, 1814, and formed a company of Home Guards. The officers of this organization were Jedediah K. Smith, captain ; Timothy Danforth, first lieutenant; John Secombe, second lieutenant. A. committee was chosen al this ting to draft regulations for the governmi nt of tin' company, who reported at a subsequent meeting, and the company me1 several times for drill. The close of the war, .shortly after, obviated the necessity for the continu- ance of the organization, and the company was disbanded. The war was brought to a close by a treaty signed at Ghent by the representatives of the contending powers, December 23, 1814. Before the news of its conclusion had reached this country, the battle of New Orleans was t'ought , January 8, 1815, where thelesson taught the British regulars, marly fifty years before by the descendants of the Massachusetts Puritans a-Irish settlers of Londonderry, from the fort and behind the rail-fence on Bunker Hill, was repeated by the Kentucky riflemen from behind the cotton-bales on the field of Chalmette. The Civil War, 1861-1865.— The first war-meet- ing in Amherst was held April 22, 1861. Barnabas B. 1 >avid was called to the chair, and upon taking it announced the object of the meeting, and pledged his all in support of the national cause. A finance committee was appointed to secure and disburse contributions for the support of the families of those who volunteered to fight the battles of the country, and it was voted to raise the pay of the volunteers from Amherst to eighteen dollars per month, and furnish each one with a Colt's revolver. Fourteen young men came forward and offered their services as soldiers. A Home Guard was formed, which met for some time for the purpose of drill. The Amherst Soldiers' Aid and Home Relief So- ciety was organized in lsiil, and closed its work in November, 1865. During its existence money to the amount of $817.90 had been collected for the use of the society, and articles distributed to the amount of $1286.35, the excess being in labor, wearing apparel and other articles contributed. Names of soldiers who were furnished with revolvers: Jesse Barret, Taylor W. Blunt, Rodney Burdick, Frank Chickering, lam. C n rvi.l, John M. Fox, (.eulgo W.I v: '. I <.:. ....:• Newton T. Hartshorn, Henry H. Manning, Reuel r,_ Mai 1,. M .■, Henry s, Ober, Iiuim-l A lValio.lv, chaik- I!, Phelps, George IV. -.i Military expenses of the town during the < livil War, as reported by the selectmen : Prior to March, lSf.2 . . . 51,263.06 From Mar.li, 1 >'.-', to Mai . 1863, " " 1864 . . . ... 13,506.50 ISM, " " 1865 . . . . . 21,866.20 1S05, " " 1866 . . . . . . 1,362 23 March 10, 1868, the selectmen were authorized to expend a sum not exceeding five hundred dollars in building a soldiers' monument. .May 30, 1*69, the selectmen appointed Harrison Eaton a committee on the construction of a soldiers' monument. August 9. 1870, J. Byron Fay, Edward D. Boylston and Charles Richardson were appointed a committee i" ascertain the cost of a suitable monument to com- memorate the soldiers from Amherst who lost their lives in the Civil War. At an adjourned meeting, held Septembei 6, L870, the committee reported in favor of erecting a monu- ment similar to the one recently erected in Peter- borough, thi' cost of which they estimated at four thousand dollars. The report was accepted, but action upon its recommendation was postponed until the next annual meeting. March 14, 1871, Harrison Eaton, J. Byron Fay and John F. Whiting were appointed a committee to locate and erect a soldiers' monument, and the style or character of the monument, and the time of erect- ing it, was left to their discretion. It was \oted to appropriate the sum of three thousand dollars, in addition to the sum left by the late Aaron Lawrence, Esq., toward its erection. The granite base of the soldiers' monument on the Plain was quarried from a bowlder found on land owned by Levi J. Secomb, Esrj. The bronze figure of a soldier was placed upon it December 9, 1871. At the same time the bronze tablet, bearing the following inscription, was inserted: OCR CITIZEN SOLDIERS. William W -aivl 11. 2d Reg't James Blanckard, loth Reg't James w Pa Samuel Corliss, " " litii-M 11 Messer, B Sloan, " " 4th " l.li s Gntterson, " " 1 i . 1 '.ilpatlirk. RobertG] k ii Charles II Phelps, 6th " George A. McCluer, " " George A. Pedrick, " " John L. Kendall, John N Mace, " " Charles A. Dl I, - I'arkliurst, " " William Few, 7th " Lyman P.. Saw telle, " " Edwin Benden, Mil " Mann, P. Weston, 1st Reg' ,J..siijili !'. .Tuhnsnli, >, H. Heavy Artillery. All... u Noyes, Frank H. Holt, 17th Penn B Hall. nth ■■ A large portion of the above was repaid by the State and United States. I IWRESCE, ESQ." A meeting was held May 31, 1872, "to see if the [own would vote to dedicate the Soldiers 1 Monument," but the article in the warrant for that purpose was dismissed, forty-seven to forty-two. At another meeting, held June 17, 1872, the town voted "to ded- icate the Soldiers' Monument," but no steps have been taken to carry the vote into effect, and the monu- ment has never been formally dedicated. Soldiers and Sailors from Amherst in the Civil War, 1861-65. — Three months' men thai went to Portsmouth in Captain Gillis' company, April, 1861 : Jesse Barrett, Taylor W. Blunt, Rodnej fl Burdick, Joseph P. Cady, Frank Chickering, Ja - B. David, John M I ■ I'. Onsu..l.l, Keu-1 «.. Manning, All i ■ i i u George w. Russell, William \v. Sawtelle. Of the above, those who declined to enlist for three years returned home July 13, 1861, having received a discharge. THREE YEARS' MEN. See I Regiment.— John M. Fox, Fifield It. Messer, William \v. saw- telle. 77,."' Regiment.- Rodnej W Burdick, George W. Parkhurat, Ja s Ryan. Fourth Rtgiment— Charles F. Crooker, Albert Fletcher, Thomas L. Gilpatrick, John G. Lovojoy, Henrj II Manning, Samuel H. Ober, George W. Osg , William D. Stearns, George II. Upton. Fifth Regit .,/ tohn Boodro, James B David, Edson Davis, Charles iug deserted, one was killed at Cold Harbor ami two were wounded. anvtt, E.lwin Bemleh, .tames L. Har.ly. .V,,.'. A' E Benden, I Ihai 1 '..■ 1 T i L. .]' Mil. ^\ Eyan. Tenth Regiment.— George F. Aiken, Albert s. Am-tin, James Blanehnnl, Thomas Broderick, Joseph A. Brown, Lawrence Cooley, Samuel W. Cor- liss, gi I. Crooker, Jeremiah Crowley, Thomas Doyle, Robert Gray, Eli S. Gutterson, Charles F. Hall, Robert Harrison, I ge E. Heath, Peter Levin, George V McClure, John N. M Thomas inell, CharlesN Parkhurat, Ji sW Patterson, rge \ Pedrick, John D. Pedrick, J s A Philbrick, George W. Russell, John Shea, Joshua A. Skinner, James i.' 51 irn George B.Sloan, H I C. Twiss. Beany Artillery.— klbert E. Boutell, Charles E. Flint, Edwin R. Roundy, William F. Bussell, Charles H. Shepard, Nathan T. Taylor, ■William E. Wallace, Martin 1>. Weston. Nod Hampshire Battery.— Edmund E. Billiard, Richard Mahar, Bryant H. Melendy. Sn.irjis/wnf.'.'S.— I'harles I litem. In MitutiKhmrlts Iteiji.imili..— Charles Ha.-lin_-, Jos. |,!i l'-tlelii! ill, Warren - Russell. Twenty-Si I nt.— Michael Welsh. Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment.— Frank H. Holt. United Statu E ■ Newton T. Hartshorn. United States Navy. John 11. Clark, Henry A Fletcher, Charles Champney, Nelson D. Gould, Patriot! Moran, George N. Wheeler. Re-enlisted aftei TItrei Years' Servic, —Edward E. Benden, Rodney W. Burdick, John G. Lovejoy, Ubert Noyes, James Ryan, George II Dpton, George W. Upton. Pott Bandat BOton Head.— Warren S. Russell, David 1 Thompson. The following citizens of Amherst furnished sub- stitutes : Hollis E. Abbott, Noah P. Batcbelder, Henry R. Boutell, James C. Boutell, Luther Coggin, -Ir., Perley W. Dodge, John Fleti In r, Butlei P. Flint, Charles E. Grater, John Hadlock, Joseph I Han Reuben W Harradon, Frank Hartshorn, Asa Jaquith, Jr., Ebenezer Jaquith Andrew L. Kidder, Charles 11. Kinson, Stephen McGaftey, William Melendy, George W P.uk.-i, II, -my 31. Parker, James S. Parkhurst, Solomon Prince, Alh.-it \ t;..t.li. i i ge J S.nair, Andrew I Sawyer, Chester Shipley, Hainet c shirl.y. Daniel W. Trow, Joseph P. Trow, George W. Cpham, ,l..hn F. WhitiiiL', Samuel Wilkins. Names of substitutes, so far as ascertained : Charles Baursturn, Pierre Boyleau, William B] wn, John Caten, Ira Clark, George Farley, John Fox, G raj barles Croht, John Harris, Benjamin F. Hinds, Edward Hogan, rhot Jones, Al xander Miller, Hiram F. Morton, James Brien, Danli I Hei 1. Christian Pet- erson, Charles A. Rogers, Owen L. Rouse, Edward Rupel, William Thompson, Louis Walter, .!..-. -[.h Wiight. Of the above substitutes, nine are reported as hav- CHAPTEB III. AMHERST— (CorKiniierf). ECCLESIASTIC AL HISTORY. i . hni. b The First Baptist Chun li— The Mi thodist Episcopal i tiiii.h. The Congregational Church.— Tin .•« longregational Church in Souhegau West was organized September 22, 1741, and consisted of Daniel Wilkins, the pastor- elect, Samuel Leman, Israel Towne, Samuel Lamson. Caleb Stiles and Humphrey Hobbs. On the following day .Air. Wilkins was ordained and installed as its pastor. Immediately after the ordination services six females were admitted to church mem- bership. The church was the third formed in Hillsborough County, that in Nashua, organized in liJSo, and that in Nottingham West (now Hudson), formed in 1737, only preceding it. Humphrey Hobbs was elected deacon January li, 1742-4::, but resigned the following year to enter the military service in the war then in progress against the French and Indians, and James Cochran was elected to till the vacancy caused by his resignation. The sacrament of the Lord's Supper was usually administered five times in each year. The first baptism of which we have any record was that of Deborah, daughter of William and Sarah Lancy, in September, 174::. After a ministry of thirty-tour years, Mr. Wilkins' faculties, physical and mental, tailed, and the town made preparations for sett ling a colleague. After two or more ineffectual attempts with other parties, Mr. Jeremiah Barnard was invited to become colleague pastor with Mr. Wilkins. He accepted the invitation, and was ordained and installed March 3, 1780, and continued as pastor until his death, January 15, 1835. The following bill, presented for the entertainment of the members of the council that installed Mr. Barnard, gives ns some insight into the customs of the limes and the habits of the "venerable" fathers who were "entertained " : " The TounoJ Amherst to Jonathan Smith, J": "Forkeeping the I il at the Ordination of V. s. d. Rev. Mr Barnard, in . urrencj 1 123 5 In silver, To 89 dinners, at Is 4 56 suppers, at 6d 1 IT 1 M breakfasts, at 9d I 3 43 lodgings, at 4.t. 14 I 74J^ mugs flip and to.My, at ln.t 3 2 I 38 drams, at - 1 id 7 11 6 lbs. el se, at Od 3 16 mugssyder, at 3d 4 o 54 horses, 24 h'rs, at la. eacl 2 14 13 horses baited, at U£ eacl 4 4 HISTORY OF HlLLSBOROrCII COIN'TY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Neither Mr. Wilkins nor Mr. Barnard left much account of the proceedings of the church, during their pastorates, and the little left is now mislaid or lost. Mr. Barnard's health having failed propositions were made to him by the town for the settlement of a colleague to share the labors of the ministry with him. To these he returned a favorable answer, and, after hearing a candidate several Sabbaths, the church, at a meeting held January 13, 1816, voted unanimously that Mr. Nathan Lord he invited to settle in the work of (he ministry and take the over- sight of this church ami congregation, as colleague pastor with Rev. Jeremiah Barnard. " VtdeJ, th:it lo v Mi I'.iin.ai.I Imni-h Mr. I.....1 uitl. ,...; , ,,: ii,. Robert Means, Esq., William Fisk, Esq., and Dr. Matthias Spalding were appointed a committee to wait upon the selectmen of the town, acquaint them with the ■ ii the church and request them to rail a meeting of the town to see whether the town will concur with the church in the settlement of .Mr. Lord in the work of the ministry, as above proposed, and what salary they will offer him for his support. Tile town having concurred with the church in giving Mr. Lord an invitation t.i settle in the min- istry in this place, and made satisfactory provision for his support, lie signiiied his acceptance of the call and war- ordained. Mr. Lord's ministry continued until November 22. 1828, on which day his connection with the town and church was dissolved, lie had been suffering for a long time from the effects of a violent cold, which had, at times, prevented him from preaching and even speaking aloud. Being advised by physicians that his recovery was doubtful, he accepted the presidency of Dartmouth College, which was ..tiered him in August, 1*2S. He died September '.'. Is7n. With the exception of carrying out tin entered into with Mr. Laniard in 1780, thi the town in the support of the ministry c< the resignation of Mr. Lord. The town was fortunate in the selection of its religions teachers. Mr. Wilkins well deserves the title of father of the town. Among the first of the settlers, he identified himself thoroughly in all move- ments i..r their safety and well-being. He toiled with them in the forests and fields, -bared their poverty, educated their children and in times of danger encouraged them by his advice and example. It is gratifying to know that in all their bitter dis- sensions no one thought of assailing him. The in- scription they caused to be engraved on the -tone which marks his burial-place gives their - - his character. Mr. Barnard was altogether unlike his predecessor. His lot was cast in stormy times, among a divided people, and he possessed a will and energy to breast the storm. Not always wise or prudent in his utter- ances, his people soon learned that in a contest with him there were blows to take as well as give. He lived and prospered where a man of a more quiet and peaceable disposition would have been crushed be- tween the contending factions in the town. More tolerant of religious than political differences, he kepi the people of his parish together, and when he retired they were ready to give a cordial welcome to bis suc- Mr. Lord came to his work while yet in I be spring- time of life, a thoroughly educated gentleman, with decided convictions and an iron will. The civil dis- sension- in the town had been healed by the incor- poration ..f the different parishes int.. towns; but differences of opinion existed in his church which he was called upon to reconcile or combat. Into this contest he threw himself with his whole energy, managing his case with .consummate skill. The failure ol In- voice compelled his resignation, but he had thoroughly prepared thi.s place for the reception of his whole-souled, earnest successor, Silas Aiken. A meeting ol' the citizens interested in the subject was held October ■:, L828, at which a society was formed under the name and title of the < ongrega- tional ( 'hurcli and Society, ill Amherst. Edmund Parker was chosen clerk ; David Met rregor .Means, treasurer; John Mack, James Bell and Rich- ard Boylston, standing committee; and John Se- eombe, Robert Means and David Stewart, auditors. Rev. Silas Aiken, the fourth minister of the church and the first of the Society, was ordained and installed March 4, 1829, and remained as pastor until February 28, 1837. He was succeeded b] Rev. Frederick A. Adams, who was ordained November 14, 1837. He continued until September 24, 1840. Rev. William T. Savage was installed February 24, 1841, and remained until April 4, 1843. Lev. Josiah G. Davis was ordained May 22, 1S44, and continued until January 22, 1880, when he was succeeded by Rev. Willis D. Leland, who was ordained January 22, 1880, and remained until 1881. Since that time the church has had no settled pastor, but has plied l>\ variou- preachers, among whom were Revs. Palmer, Si der and others. The following is a list of deacons from the organiza- tion of the church to 1885: Iliuuphi.-y lle.t.1.-, elected January .'., 171.:; resigned 1744 died L75I aged 44. .Kw.-I.li Ho.itell, .■!.■ t.-.l .luin- :, I", i .lames .'... lit.. .1, .-I ■ t.-.l 171! ; .tied January ."., 1771. s urn. 1 Wilkii .Linn. ..1 I-, 177 1. i..-i_ii -1 M.. i. .1 ii... . embei 27, 1832 ._■ IS John Seat...., .-!-. t. 1 January M, 1771 , resigned 17s7 ; died 179 t. N'alium Baldwin, elected January In, 1774 ; died Mai 64. , tged88. Amos Elliott, elected September 3, 1795 j died Ipril 7, 1807, aged 52. John seat, hi, J. , elected September 3, 1795; died October 1, Is;.., aged .-.. John Hartshorn . 1. . e 1 -. |.i. -ul.. t 1, IS. .8 ; died Xovemliei _'s, |s[ _', aged 83. M.illlii.i.- -imUiii , -I Davi.l Holme;, rlr I"l '!» '-' , l-r< . . 181 :, ag< i Amos Elliott, Jr , ele> ted November 1 ; died May 22, [865, aged 9 i lied Noveuil i ' Edmund Parker, ■ 1 ■ ■ i • > M.o 8, is;.r., iiu'i'd t:; Abel Downe, ele. ted January - .1 April LIT, ■ . .1 1836; diedSeptemb. i IS io died September 28, 1840, aged I , 183G ; r. Ignedl SO died June David lo-i. ■• .elected 22, 1873, aged 80. . , i , : . i . ::,. i, el ted I » i 30, i - 16 , died !>•■, ember IT, 1862, aged ',' Banml.as 11. H.ivi.l. .ted .l.i nnaiv J, I .- I '. , .li.'.l s. pi eiul.tr :., 1--::. aged 81. Eduar.l 11. II. .y 1st..,), ele, t. -.1 April 1 J. ISO' . I . ■ - , u- t i . ■ . I 1S7S. Aaron Lawrence, elected SJovembei 2, 1860 ; died September 1, 1867, aged 62. Charles II. David, ele. ted Sovei i 2, 1871 . resigned 1874 died Oc- t. i 17, 1880, aged 65 Aaron S. Wilkins, elected April 9, 1874. /ii. vh.-u- .;. l-.-i-i v. ..|. . t.-.l April 'J, 1S74 ; resigned 1880 Daniel W. Sur-eiil, el, -ele. 1 April S, lssil, Joseph E. Fowle, elei ted April 8, 1880. Henry Wheeler, elected 1884. The TJniversalist Society.— September 9, 1819, public notice was given by Israel Fuller, clerk of the society, that Eber Lawrence, Isaac Chickering and others had formed themselves into a religious society to be known by the name and style of the Univer- salis! Society in Amherst, The Christian or Unitarian Society. — Public notice was given, March 27, 1824, by David Holmes, clerk of the society, that on the 24th day of that month Charles II. Atherton, David Holmes, Ephraim Blanchard, E. F. Wallace and others had associated and formed themselves into a religious society by the name and style of the < 'hristian Society in Amherst. Rev. Edmund Quincy Sewall was ordained and in- stalled pastor of the Christian Church and Society (Unitarian) January 26, 1825. Mr. Sewall continued pastor o< the society about one year. A church was organized and continued in existence for some time, but its records, like the early ones of the First Congregational Church, are lost. [n 1834, Rev. Lyman Maynard was employed as pas- tor by a union of the Unitarian and Universalis! societies in town, and continued here until 1838. During his pastorate the new meeting-house (novi Baptist) was built by members of the two societies. After the removal of Mr. Maynard, Dr. Amory Gale and others conducted the Sunday services at the church for some time. Afterward the desk was occu- pied for a year or two by Rev. William Eooper, Universalist. Finally, the house was sold to the Baptist society, and the Unitarians and Universalists in town have become connected with other societies. The First Baptist Society.— An association for the support of preaching on Chestnut Hill was or- ganized October 6, 1828, under the Maine of the First Baptist Society in Amherst, X. EL, by the following persons: Ralph Holbrook, Ebenezer Holbrook, Oliver Mears, Franklin Mears, Henry Tewksbury, Joseph 16 liarvill, John Rollins, James Prince, Roberl Fletcher, (His Fletcher, Benjamin I 'anion, John Washer, Benjamin F. Shepard and Joseph Harraden. The church was organized July 2, L829, ministers from the churches in Londonderry, Milford, New Boston and Coflstown being present at the council called for the purpose. Lev. Samuel Abbot, of Lon- donderry, was moderator, and Lev. Simon '■ of i roffstown, clerk of the council. The society held their meetings for Sunday sen ices on Chestnut Hill until is:;;, when they removed to the Plain, a large addition made to their number, the result of a protracted meeting held in February, 1835, making such a iinnriiuiil advisable. Here for a time they had no sure abiding-place. Sometimes they worshiped in the old school-house north of the court-house, ai the easl end of the- com- mon, sometimes in the court-house, and afterward in a small hall over the old Lead -lore, w hieh stood near where the soldier-' monument now stands. Novem- ber L9, L841, arrangements were made with the pro- prietors of the Unitarian meeting-house for the use of their house a portion of the time. Having become proprietors of two-thirds of the pews, the house was, agreeably to a condition in the subscription to the shares for building it, transferred to them by the Unitarian society by deed dated April 7, 1844. It was repaired in 1851 and in 1870. Since the purchase of the meeting-house a parsonage has hern built and fitted Up. A communion set has been presented to the church by Mrs. Mary Twiss and her children, and a legacj of two hundred and fifty dollars — now amounting to nearly lour bundled dollars — was left by Miss S. Lue Lawrence to purchase a bell to be used on the church. The desk was supplied by different persons, for a short time each, until 1841. Since that time the ministers have been, — The Methodist Society.— Lev. Orlando Hinds, who commenced his labors here in 1829, is said to have been the first .Methodist preacher in Amherst. His immediate successors were A. M. Howe and J. C. Cromack. The first Methodist society was organized in 1839. The first Quarterly Meeting of which any account .reserved was held September 19, 1834, at which John Haseltine, Isaac Weston and William Brovi n, of Amherst, Freeman Nichols, of Merrimack, and William Coggin (2d), of Mont Vernon, attended with the presiding elder. At that time the societies in Amherst and Gorfstown were united, ami i he Quar- terly Meetings were held alternately in both places. 2:;t; HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Rev. James Adams supplied the desk in 1837 and L838, and Rev. Levi W. Davis in 1839 and 1840. But little is found in the records from 1834 to L840. In L840 the record closed. After this, preach- ing was supplied occasionally b\ members of the Biblical Institute at Concord. In the autumn of 1839 the erection ofa chapel was commenced, which was finished in the course of the following winter, and dedicated to the worship of God April 22, 1840, on which occasion a sermon was preached bj Rev. Jared Perkins, In the afternoon of the same day a temperance lec- ture was given in the chapel by Rev. Mr. Jones. In 1845 and 1846 preaching was furnished by Rev. A. H. Fullerton, and in 1847 by Rev. Caleb Dustin. The record is resumed in 1850, when a Conference meeting was held. In 1852, Franklin Furber supplied the pulpit. Alter this the prospect was far from en- couraging for the society, as we read that - There was no reason to Hunk that the chun b was "pen much of the year, for the cobwebs gathered within it, the blinds were closed and darkness rested on the hearts of many." In 1854 a social gathering or tea-party was held at the residence of Deacon B. 1!. David, to raise funds for renovating the chapel and supporting preaching. The effort was successful, and Rev. Charles Merrill was placed ill charge as preacher, and, as a result of his ministry, quite a number of young men were added to the church. During his ministry the communion plate formerly used by the Unitarian church in this town was presented to the society by Mrs. Charles G. Atherton, Mr. Merrill remained here two years, and alter his departure preaching was supplied for some time by members of the Biblical Institute. About 1857 a Mr. Seeley was sent here as a supply. He remained one year. In 1858 and 1859 the desk was supplied by Messrs. Tucker, Ham nd, Clip- penger and others from the institute. In 1860, Charles Pyke was sent here as a preacher. From 1861 to 1866 the chapel was dosed. After this time it was again opened, and a member of the Boston Seminary supplied the desk a short time. He was followed by Levin 1'. Causey, who also remained Inn a shorl time, and services were again suspended. In 1871, mainly through the efforts of Mrs. Mary W. Few, the chapel was painted and refitted, and an effort was made to sustain preaching. Rev. !''• W. chase commenced his labors here in the fall of 1871, and his report at the close of the year was a favorable one. He continued here two years, and bis ministry was successful. lie was succeeded ill 1872 by lieV. Ccol^C W. Ru- land, who continued here until 1874. Since then the I - have been, — isti, Rei .r Mowrej Bean, until 1876 ; 1876, Bev. J. B. Bartlett, until 1877 j 1877, Eev. W. I: Dille, until 1880 ; 1880, Bev. James Noyes, until 1881 ; 1881, Rev I. Ainsworth. Since Mr. Ainsworth the pulpit has been supplied by various preachers, among whom may be mentioned Rev. George W. Ruland, Rev. Mr. Johnson and others. Mr. Ainsworth relinquished his charge and left the denomination before the close of the year, and the church is now united with that in Milford. The chapel was enlarged and remodeled in 1879 at an expense of little more than fourteen hundred dollars. Meeting-Houses. — At a meeting held August 6, 1735, the proprietors voted to build a meeting-house on the plot of ground lately laid out for the purpose. February 14, 1737-38, they voted to build a meet- ing-house, forty-live by twenty-two feet, tie- posts to lie twenty-two feet in length, finish the outside, and build a pulpit by the last day of October, "come twelve months." Captain Joseph Parker, Ensign Thomas Tarbox and Lieutenant Cornelius Tarble were chosen a committee "to build it or lett it out." July 11. 1738, Captain Ebenezer Raymond and Mr. John Wiles were added to the committee, and. as Captain Parker declined serving, Captain Joseph Richardson was chosen to serve in his stead. At this meeting an assessment of three pounds was made on each right, to defray the expense of building the house and laying out a second division of lots. December 27, 1738. The Kith day of May follow- ing was selected as the day on which to raise the frame of the meeting-house, and Captain Ebenezer Rayment was desired to make provision for the same. May 10, 1739. Twenty shillings for each right was ordered to be paid to the treasurer for defraying the meeting-house charges, etc. May 20, 1741. A tax of one hundred and eighty pounds was levied on the rights for the purpose of finishing the meeting-house and defraying other charges. December 14, 1742. John Shepard, Jonathan Tar- ble and Timothy Fuller were appointed a committee to agree for finishing the meeting-house, but, October 18, 1743, the proprietors " Voted that'a committee, consisting of Joseph l'rince, Samuel Walton and John Shepacl. must — 1 1 1 the n tin.. lo.iw l.o.nded the dower laid, I),,. I,, ,i, ., , i- !.■ up, the pulpit made, and I lie- floors made and hung February 10, 171:1-44. thej ■ l I'oI.mI that they will doe something toward finishing the meeting* i l.iphuard it. make the uiiulow-frames, crown and glaze them, point the ground pinting, and prime the flew hoards, window- fcine s, s.islu-s, anil doors, and, in ease there is not an Indian war, the next fall, laitb and plaster the walls ami eeili" think fit." Deacon Tarble, Captain John Shepard and Mr. Ebenezer Ellenwood wen- appointed a committee to see the above work done. It was also voted that the next meeting of the proprietors should be held in the meeting-bouse, where, pursuant to this vote, it was held. June 30, 1744-4... It is to lie hoped that the house was made comfort- able for their reception; certainly it was no small AMHERST. L'37 undertaking to hold a meeting in such a place, \\ ith- out fires, in mid-winter. Provision was made for finishing the meeting-house ami for meeting other charges at a meeting held Qber 21 , 1747. At a meeting held May 23, 1750, they voted that they would do nothing more to the meeting-house that year. June 26, 1751, they "voted to finish the meeting- house, or some part of it, this summer," and appointed Lieutenant Moses Barron, Andrew Bradford and Ebenezer Lyon a committee to get the work done; but, September 26, 1753, they refused "to appoint a committee to settle with the committee appointed to finish the meeting-house." This is tin' last recorded act of the proprietors in regard to building and finishing tin- meeting-house, an undertaking which occupied about fourteen years. Alter the incorporation of the town it seems to have passed into the possession of the town, and its preser- vation became, for a time, a town charge. As the population of the town increased, the house became too small to accommodate the people who resorted to it on the Sabbath. Hence, perhaps, the visitors from Monson, who bad no meeting-house of tin ir own, and paid nothing for the support of preaching, wen- unwelcome guests. Some traces of the feeling against them may be found in therecorded votes of the town at that time. .Inly 2:1, 17(37, the town was asked to allow the men to occupy the whole of the front gallery of the meet- ing-house, and also "to appoint seats for the Quires- ters to set in, in order to improve Psalmody, or relig- ious singing; " but both applications were denied. March 1-1. 1768, Daniel Campbell and Benjamin Taylor were appointed a committee " to make so much more room in the meeting-house as they shall think proper," and £13 8«. M. was voted to defray current charges. .lo-eph Steel and William Wallace protested against this grant of money, declaring that they would not pay any part of it until it was decided whether the house belonged to the proprietors or the town. December 4, 1771. Amherst was now the shire- town of the county of Hillsborough, and accommoda- tions were needed loi the sessions of the courts. The town had already voted to build a new meeting- house, and at a meeting held this day they " IY>/e.7 to give, grant :M!'l tnreviT (juiT-ela iin all right, title, inter- est, rlaim ami property of. in and unto onr "Id mr.-.- .-t i'oi.r n , anil for this County for the use of the County, n s.rving to uursrlves tie aid house from time to time, as we may see meet, for the space of two years from this tine-, without ha\ ing the house made inconvenient for out meetings during that time, and reserving the righl of removing the Pulpit fn.m tie- house at any time .luring the two years aforesaid, Provided the Justices cause a new County jail to ! rected within 160 rods of the t ting-house as it now stands ; .air i v. ist , the above vote and every clause therein contained to he void.' 1 The jili 1 was "erected," the new meeting-house was built, and the old one passed into the possession of the county, destined, ere long, to be removed to " the plain," and to be purified by tire. The Second Meeting-House.— At a meeting held October t. 1770, the town voted to build a meeting- house for public worship, and to set the same upon the most convenient place on the training-field, in said town, and make it seventy-five feet in length and forty-five feet in width. They also voted to raise one hundred and fifty pounds, lawful money, to defray the expense of building said house. Robert Read, Samuel McKean, Archelaus Towne, John Shepard, Jr., and Moses Nichols were appointed a committee to superintend the work of building the bouse, and they were authorized to settle and fix upon the particular spot of ground in said field on which to erect it. ( Ictober 25, 1770. At a meeting held this day the town voted to "cut the meeting-house short of what bad previously been voted live feet, and the same in width, viz., live feet." The\ directed the building committee to add to the house " a steeple at one end and a porch at the other end thereof." The committee was also directed to cause the frame of the house to be raised, boarded and shingled within twelve months from that date. The height of the sills from the ground was left to their discretion, and when any particular job of work was needed toward the building of the house they were to notify the people and employ those who would do it on the most reasonable terms. Armed with these directions, it would seem that the committee was prepared to go forward; but a -i. was gathering. The people of Monson, so re- cently annexed, were dissatisfied. They had lived in the old town twenty-four years with no public build- ing but a pound, and to be called upon to assist in building a meeting-house was a new experience. The settlers around Shepard's mills, in Amherst, dis- liked the plan. The people in the northwest part of the town objected to it, as it added half a mile to their journey to meeting, audit was objected to by Chest- nut Hill folks on the same ground ; and a meetingwas held November 6, 1770, in the interest of the disaf- fected ones, to see if the town would " vacate, annul, destroy and make void every act or vote of said town lately passed, relative to building a meeting-house on the training-field in said town," to see "if they will enlarge the present meeting-house so as to make it convenient for the people to meet in for some time to come," and, finally, " if they should be induced to build the house expressed in their late vote, to see if they will vote to set il in the centre of the town." The above queries were summarily disposed of at the meeting, 'hi the article first named the town '• voted in the negative," the meeting being qualified. They then " voted to ratify, establish and confirm every vote heretofore passed relative to the new proposed meeting-house." They also voted to dismiss the consideration of the next two queries. l!3s HISTORY OF HIU.SP.OKorCH COUNTY. NKW HAMPSHIRE. Another effort tq change the location of the house was made al the annual tow u-meetimr, March 11. 1771, at which propositions were made " to for setting said house on the plain.'' ''To see if tin- town, upon consider- ation of a far superior place, with respect to under- pinning said house, dry land and a location nearer ilc i entre "I" the town, will vote to set said house on the west side "i' the road, near the shop of .Mr. i !hi ever, so called," and, if voted in the negative, "to see ii i hej u ill chuse a court's committee to i tablish a place for said housi ." all of which were rejected. Thomas Wakefield was chosen "new meeting-house treasurer." and the work of building went forward. At a meeting held August 26, 1771, the town voted thai the building committee " pro\ ide drink for rais- ing tie- 1 1 1 . i • t i 1 1 _i - 1 1 • 1 1 — ■ — ihat is,' for the spectators, &c." "IW,,/. t]i;i! -an] I ' 1 1 ■■ , - pi ' ■ , 1 ■ .r 111-' raising the meeting-house frame in this town fn- ^11. h a- -hall do the labor of nliii- In thru ili-rntinii, lint exceed- ing eight barrel- ' !,■'../. al-,., " that said Ciiiinittee provide for the ensile-, ut S.ll'l It-Mi- l-alt'-l ■!' ,nu:a ihi',>wn -li-al'l for the Use of ii ilait,-.| a. a.oIiiiL I - The committee was also authorized to procure a sufficiency of victuals and drink for such as should labor in raising >aid lmu-e, while laboring, viz., one. two or three meals a day, as the laborers should re- quire. They were also directed to hire the Gem, etc. What tin- " i tem " was does nut clearly appear ; but, with the ample preparations made by the town and the amount of victuals and drink provided for the occasion, the fathers must have had a spirited raising. Doubtless they lilted with a will, and the massive timbers were slowly set in their plai es under the direction of the master-builder, Deacon Barker. During the intervals of relaxation from the solid work before them, running and wrestling-matches were in order, in most of which, if tradition is to he believed, "Sam" Wilkins, the minister's son, after- wards deacon of the church, wag the chii i champion. His greatest exploit on this occasion was that of run- ning a short distance with the chairman of the build- ing committee, who weighed about the sixth of a ton avoirdupois, upon his shoulders. At a town-meeting held December -4. 1771, it was voted to allow the accounts of the committee ap- pointed to build the new meeting-liou-e. and the ac- counts of the workmen employed by them. The town also voted that they would finish the outside of the new meeting-house next summer, clapboard and glaze it, ami finish the stei way complete, and lay the lower floor in stud house. One hundred and sixty pounds, lawful money, was granted to defray the expense that has already arisen in building the bouse, and the building committee was authorized to complete the work above mentioned. November 14, 1772, the town n the f.wri tloni ,i( tin' ■ i "i tin- inhabitants of tins town, the lean On' Kill- tn I,.' applied to defray tile expense ol tin- Ishmg On- house." Daniel Campbell, Joseph Gould and Stephen Pea- body were appointed a committee to sell said pew- ground; Daniel Campbell refusing to serve on the committee, Ephraim Hildreth was appointed in his stead. By a vote of tin- town, passed at this mi eting, then were to be three tiers of pews on tin- south side, one tier on the north side and two tiers each on the east and west ends. Alleys were to in- In between the pews and Seats ami between the pews. Tin size of round lots was left to the discretion of the committee, 'flu- sale of the pew-ground was to he within one month from the time of this meeting, and the purchase-money was to lie paid into the meeting- house treasury within three months from the time of the sale. The pews were ordered to be built within twelve months from this date, and in a uniform manner. If they were not built within the time and in the manner specified, the sale of the ground to the person or per- sons lading to comply with the conditions was to be void. The house was so tar completed that ii was formally dedicated to the public worship of God on the 19th day of January, 1774. which date, curiously painted in gold, in old English letters, on a panel in from of the singers' gallery, directly opposite the pulpit, has been, in bygone years, an enigma to more than one ot the younger members of the congregation. Of the gathering on that occasion and the sermon preached by Mr. Wilkins no written records remain. Tradition affirms that the di-course was, to some ex- tent, a historical one, treating of matters connected with the settlement of the town and the formation of tie- church. It' SO, it> loss is to be regretted. Alter the public services at the meeting-house it is said that the visiting clergymen were entertained tit the house of Pastor Wilkins. While partaking of their dinner, of which hasty pudding and milk formed a part, the newly-elected deacon, "Stun" Wilkins, told them a ludicrous story ol' his exper- ience ni catching a sheep, which pleased the revi rend fathers, and ''the pudding tlew well." March 14, 1774. A proposition to choose a com- mittee to procure a good loll for the meeting-house was rejected by the town; also, one to "allow the :i iii i In- new meeting-house that Psalm- ody may be carried on with greater regulation.'' Fifty pound.- sterling monej was voted to defray the new lie el ing-hou>e charges, elc. Jum- 22, 1774. Daniel Campbell, Lieutenant Ken- drick and Israel Towne, Jr., were appointed a com- mittee to examine the accounts of the meeting-house and pew committees. March 9, 1778. The town voted that the seats in the front gallery in the meeting-house, from the women's seats to the first pillar in the men's, be granted for the use of a number of persons skilled in singing, and Ephraim Barker, William Low, Amos Stickney, Abijah Wilkins and John Kimball were appointed a committee for seating said scats. March 31, 1779. The town voted to accept the report of the committee appointed to adjust the accounts of the new meeting-house and pevt c mil tees. October 30, 1815. A committee, consistingof Wil- liam Low, David Stewart and Andrew Leavitt, having reported that the meeting-house needed some repairs. the town voted that said committee be authorized to make siieh repairs as were necessary. March, 1818. The town refused to purchase stoves for the meeting-house. For several years efforts were made to induce the town to provide for warming the meeting-house dur- ing Sunday services; but when the matter was brought up in town-meeting a majority of the voters steadily refused to make an appropriation for the purpose. Perhaps they thought it well to have the temperatun of their house of worship as unlike as possible to that of the reputed abode of lost spirits. Wood was cheap, and they could assemble at the taverns near by, where mine host always had good tires burning, around which they could gather, talk polities, discuss the forenoon's sermon,— the two being frequently identical,— drink flip or something stronger, watch the boys and get in good shape for the afternoon's campaign. The fairer half of creation took refuge in the neighboring houses, where they were welcomed to good tires and, just as the bell rung, furnished with a plenty of live coals to till the fire-boxes in the little foot-stoves they carried. So they worshiped. Some, however, were not satisfied, and occasionally used the columns of the Cabinet to give vent to their feelings. f these, who evidently had a realizing sense of what was be- fore him and his fellow-sufferers, thus wrote in the Cabinet of December 26, 1818,— '• l;\,n the /a./ei.K liav. sl..\]:s in tli.'il in.-. I ] ii'-i-h I- i astonishing that cirih .. Jjim] , ,r, : jhl,,„.l ]„ .,|,le ha\.. n. .a.- : Lot that III. y [.....ih ],,.■/. ih.Mi-.lv- .... InMivii .e.ay SaM.ath in the winter, when the trifliti- e\ ]..t,-.- ..f .... .h.llir each would make them comfort- able? A wor-i to the frozen will, we hope, I..' sufficient to mil., them— The subject was again brought up at the next an- nual meeting, but the town refused to take any action upon the subject. Finally, in 1.S24, some stovi - wen procured by individual subscriptions and placed in the meeting-house. Still, the house was a eold, uncomfortable place, until it was removed ami remodeled in L836. Lfter that time loot -stoves were dispensed with, and the tew that now remain tire shown as curious relics of the past. .March, 1821. The town voted to shingle the meet- ing-house and make such repairs of the clapboard- ing and doors of the same as wen- necessary; also yoted to paint the house, ami William Fisk, William Low and David McG. Means were appointed a com- mittee to procure the work done. They were author- ized to examine the steeple, and, if thej thought proper, take it down and build a cupola in its place. The sum of five hundred dollars was place, 1 tit their disposal to lay out for the above, and lor such other repairs as they might sec lit to make upon the house. In the winter of 1832 a movement was made for the sale of the house, the town reserving certain rights and privileges in the same, 'flic matter was brought before the town tit the March meeting in that year by appropriate articles in the warrant calling the meet- ing. March 14, 1832. The town voted to sell the meet- ing-house at auction, anil the sale was finally made, the First Congregational Church and Society in Amherst being the purchasers, and the property was transferred in tin in by the committee appointed for the purpose. In August, 1836, the meeting-house was removed from the spot "on the training-field" where the fathers placed it, si sty-live years before, to the place it now occupies. January 1, 1837, the repairs on the meeting-house being completed, it was again occupied by the society for Sunday services. The exercises on this occasion, under the direction of the pastor, Rev. Silas Aiken, were appropriate and of a very interesting character. Mir centennial anniversary of the dedication of the second meeting-house was celebrated with appropriate services on Sunday, January IS, 1874. The house had lately been thoroughly repaired and a new organ built. 'fhe house is now in g 1 repair, and its massive timbers promise a continuance for centuries. Long 1 1 1 : i s ii lie spared from the lire and tempest, a con- necting link between present and bygone genei a I ion.-,. (MAP T E U I V. AMHERST— {Continued). Imherst as the Count} -Seat — Schools — Aurean ^cademj Post-Offices— The Press— The Amherst Journal and New II. en. I i UverHaer— The Village Messenger— The Farmers' Cabin I r. Hills] ugh iVli. S ralih — The Amherst Herald— Tin- I'isi -ata.pia l.i.nu. It, al Maga- zine— Banks— The Hillsborough Bank— Farmers' Ilatik-Sorial Liter- ary—The Franklin Society— Masoni.— I'liysirians- (.'..II —Civil History— .Moderators .SeIcrtiiien-Kei..rcseiitatives--l'o|.iil.-ition Ax attempt to divide the province into counties was made in the House of Representatives January 22, 1755; but it failed to receive the concurrence of the Council. The subject was brought up in the Council at a session held in March, L769,at which time votes were passed for dividing the province into counties ami fixing their boundaries. In these votes the House concurred. 240 HISTORY OF IIII.LSFoKOrCH COUNTY. NFAY HAMPSHIRE March 29, L769. The Council voted that one Superior Court, four Inferior Courts ofC mon Pleas, and fourCoiurts of ( ii-nci.'il >r--i.,n- -ln.nlil he held an- nually at Amherst for the county in which it was in- cluded. This vote was returned b\ the Bouse the next day without concurrence, as they were in 30 whether the courts should be held in Amherst or Merrimack ; but they professed a willingness to abide by the decision of the Council. After hearing the statements of parties interested, the question was pul to the Council whether Amherst should l>e stricken from the vote and Merrimack put in its place and it was decided in the negative. The vote of the Council was then concurred in by tin- House. The meeting-house belonging to the town was pre- sented to the county for a court-house, and was sub- sequently moved from its original location, at the junction of the roads near the house now occupied by P. W. and Thomas Jones, to a site on the Plain, north of the soldiers' monument, where it was burned by an incendiary on the night following the loth day of March, 1788. A jail was built shortly after the organization of the county, which now tonus apart of tl Id. jail- house building, and -one- fni'ty \ ears later the stone jail building was erected. At a meeting held -March 31, 1788, the town voted to grant eighty pounds toward the erection of a new court-house. John Patterson, Captain Josiah Crosby, Samuel Dana, Esq., Daniel Campbell and James Ray were appointed a committee to superintend its erec- tion, and its " location, form and figure " were referred to the committee and the selectmen of the town. The second court-house was built on the spot now occupied by the dwelling-house of David Russell, Esq. After the brick court-house was built it was sold and removed to the westerly part of the Plain, where it was fitted up for a chapel, for which it was ral years, when it was again sold and fitted up for tenement dwellings. It is still standing near the foundry buildings. West ofit,asit was originally located, and near by, were the whipping-post and pillory, — those "terrors of the law" to evil-doers among the fathers. The whippings inflicted, we maj judge, varied in severity according to the disposition of the officer who inflicted them. In one instance, still re- membered, the culprit was told privately that he "should not be whipped very hard," but was directed to make a terrible outcry every time he was struck. After the Stale prison was built the pillory and whipping-post were dispensed with, and but very few persons now living can remember them. In this second court-house the giants of the legal profession in New Hampshire, from 1787 to 1822, were wont to congregate at the semi-annual sessions of the Hillsborough County courts. Here came Jer- emiah Mason. Jeremiah Smith, the elder l'lnnnr. William Gordon, David Everett, the elder Athertons, Levi Woodbury, George Sullivan, Arthur Livermore, Samuel Bell, Parker Noyes, Judge Richardson and others oflesser note; and here, greatest of all, Daniel Webster made his maiden argument before Judge I'arrar. He bad finished the study of bis profession in the office of Christopher Gore, a distinguished jurist in Boston, and had been admitted to the Suf- folk County bar, on motion of thai gentleman, in March, 1805. A few weeks later he visited Amherst, and argued a motion before Judge Farrar's court with such clearness that the presiding judge remarked to his associates : "That young man's statement 1- a most unanswerable argument." and at once granted the motion. The town of Concord having presented a petition to the Genera] Court, asking to be annexed to the county of Hillsborough, and that one-half of the courts then held at A n ill. 1 -t might be held in that town, the people of A in hei'st . at a meeting held April 28, L785, voted their unwillingness that the petition should be granted, and chose Joshua Atherton, Au- gustus Blanchard and Samuel Dana, Esqs., a com- mittee "to show the General Court the reasons of their unwillingness." Colonel Robert Means, then representative of the town, was instructed to assist the committee, who were directed "to confer with other towns relative to the premises before hearing the petition." Tin people of the towns in the northern part of the county requiring greater conveniences for tin transaction of their business before the courts, the Legislature passed an act. which was apprised I ><- ■ 1 miii 'i 25, 17'J2, providing that the May term of the Superior Court and the September and December terms ot' the Court of Common Pleas and General Court of Sessions. h,ld annually at Amherst, should thereafter I"- held at Hopkinton, at the same time they had been held at Amherst, provided that the stud courts should be held in or as near the meeting- bouse in said Hopkinton as they could conveniently be, and that the act should be null and void if, at the expiration of two years from its passage, the town of Hopkinton had not erected a suitable house, frei oi expense to the county, in which to hold said courts. The required building was promptly erected, and Hopkinton became a half-shire town of the county, and so continued until the formation of Merrimack County, in 1823. A jail was also erected there, which continued to be used by the county of Merrimack after its incorporation until the completion of the new jail at < ioncord, in 1852. A committee appointed by the town to examine and report, among other things, wdiat part of the common the town should appropriate for a court- house, on condition that the town should have the privilege of using the same for a town-house, reported, at a meeting held September 21, 1818, recommending that tin town should grant the county a right to nvri a court-house and the necessary buildings for the accommodation of the sam the common, in front of the burying-ground, placing the back thereof, as far as may be convenient, into the burying-ground, provided the town shall ever nave the privilege of using the hou.se to hold their meetings in. The present court-house was erected shortly alter. By an act of the Legislature, approved December 28, 1844, it was provided thai a term of the Court of Common Pleas should thereafter he laid at Man- chester. An act passed July 12, 1856, provided that a term of the Superior Court should be held at Nashua. An act was passed June 29, 1864, providing for the removal of the county records to Nashua. The records were removed in 1866. A jail having been built at Manchester, the jail, jail-house and small house, mar by, in Amherst, and the land around them, owned by the comity, were sold at auction, October 8, 1867. The land on which these buildings -t I was pre- sented to the county by Jonathan Smith, in 1771. By an act of the Legislature, approved July 15, L879, the May term of the Superior Court held at Amherst on the first Tuesday of May, annually, was abolished, and a term of tin- court was ordered to he held in its stead at Nashua and Manchester, alter- nately, on the firsl Tuesday id' May, annually. This completed the removal of the Hillsborough County courts from Amherst, where they had been held wholly, or in part, for one hundred and eight years. On the removal of the courts, the court-house, agreeably to the provisions of the deed given thi county in 1824, became the property of the town. It lias since been fitted up for a town-house, and contains a large and convenient town ball, rooms for the town officers, the town library and a tire-proof safe for the preservation of the town records, etc. We find no record of any schools in Souhcgan West prior to its incorporation as a town. Probably private instruction was given by Mr. Wilkins, or some other qualified person, to such as desired and could afford it. At the annual meeting of the town in 17112 a vote was passed " to keep a school this year in five divisions, the selectmen to divide," by which we may understand the selectmen were to divide the town into five divisions or districts and employ a teacher, who should spend a part of his time in each district. No mention is made of any effort being made to secure an appropriation for schools in the years 1 7"< 13, L765 and 1766. In 17G4, 17U7, 17fiS and 1769 the town refused to make any appropriation for that pur- pose; also, at a special meeting held in May, 1769. Finally the matter became a serious one. The selectmen were in danger of beiug " presented " for neglect of duty in the matter of schooling. So the town voted, at a meeting held December 12, 1709, that " they will keep a school a part id' this year," and granted the sum of UK! Ii.«. N. was granted for the support of schools thai year. In 1773 the article in the warrant for the annual meeting relating to schools was referred to the selectmen. A proposition to build several school-houses and to choos< a committee to complete the same was rejected at the annual meeting in March, 1774. The lots reserved for schools by the proprietors of the township seem to have been sold about this time, as we find in the warrant for the meeting held March 13, 177o, an article, " to sec if the town would allow that [part of the town that was originally (tilled Am- herst to use the interest of the i icy their school- right was lately sold for in private schools," which they refused to do. No record remains of any provision being made for schools in the years 177-">, 177(1 and 1777. Other mat- ters of serious import engrossed the minds of the people in those years; but it is probable that the schools were not wholly neglected. At the annual meeting in March, 177S, it was " Voh-d. to keep a oi'ammar school the ensuine, year." And on the cover ol the first volume of the town records are the following entries, in the handwriting of Colonel Nahum Baldwin, town clerk and first selectman that year. April 27, 177*, "Agreed with Mr. William Kin- to keep a tow n scl 1 at 6«. per las. arid board him. Same day opened s'd Behoof, duly "J7, 1778, Agreed witli Mr. Brown Emerson to keep a Behoof in this I t< t \ Ii""l < -.lumen, ol this day. "N. It . Town Clerk." These were warlike times, and the fathers used war- like terms in the transaction of their business. So we find them voting, March 8, 1779, " 'I'll, it lli.> town lie r schooling this year, and that "the schools be kept by each neighbourhood classing together." It may be well to remember that this was in thedays of the depreciated Continen- tal "fiat" money. The next year they had reached " hard pan," as they voted eighty pounds for the sup- port of schools. The same amount was appropriated in 1783. In 1784 they did better, and appropriated one hun- dred pounds, and directed the selectmen to divide the town into school districts, and each district had liberty to lay out their money as they pleased. The smn of one hundred and fifty pounds was voir,] for schools in each of the years 1785, 1786 and 1787. At a meeting held 10th of April, 1787, the town voted to keep a grammar school in the centre district this j ear, on condition that the district shall make up to the master in a private way what their proportion of the school money falls short of an adequate salary. A disposition was manifested at this meeting to se- cure the services of such persons as teachers in the schools as were qualified for the work, and a commit- tee, consisting of Rev. Jeremiah Barnard, Rev. John Bruce and Augustus Blanchard, Esq., was appointed "to examine the abilities of school-masters and mis- tresses," and it was voted that none hut those thai were recommended by them should be employed by any district as teachers of schools. It was also voted that if any district should not school out their money within one year from the time it was granted, it should be paid into the town treas- ury for the use ofthe town. ' >ne hundred and fifty pounds annually was granted for thesupporl of schools from 1787 tol793, inclusive. At the annual meeting in March, L789, the town voted to excuse a number of persons who had joined themselves together lor the support of an academy in this town from the payment of any school lax so long- as they should support the proposed academy. The use ofthe town-house for school purposes was also granted to them. Lotteries were popular in those days, and we find that when the projectors of the academy asked the Legislature for an act of incorporation they asked for the grant of a lottery to enable them to support it. The Senate, however, gave them leave to bring in a bill for the incorporation of the academy only. In December, 1791, a petition was presented to the Legislature by the academies in Amherst, Atkinson, Charlestown, Chesterfield and New Ipswich, asking for i he grant of a lottery to enable them to raise five thousand pounds, which thej proposed to divide equally among those institutions; but the application was postponed lo the next session, and was finally un- successful. February Hi, 1791, Joshua Atherton, Samuel Dana.Robert .Means, William Gordon, Daniel War- ner, John Shepard. Hubert Fletcher, Nathan Ken- dall, Jr., Saniud Curtis, Joseph Blanchard, Samuel Wilkins and Daniel Campbell, Esqr's., William Read, Nathan Cleaves, David Danforth, Isaac Bald- win, John Eaton, David Stewart, Thomas Gilmore, Samuel G. Towne, James Roby, John Watson, Jere- miah Hobson, Ebenezer Taylor, Jonathan Smith, Jr., and Ephraim Barker, of Amherst; Moses Kelly, of < loffston n ; Isaac Cochran, of Antrim ; Timothy Tay- lor and Jacob MacGaw, of Merrimack ; and Stephen Dole, of Bedford, and their successors, were, by the of the State, formed into, constituted and I', politic and corporate, by the nameofthe \iiivan Academy, which corporation was empowered to transact all business necessary to the support and maintenance of an academy, the end and purpose of which was declared to be " to encourage and promote virtue and piety, and a knowledge of the English, Greek and Latin languages, mathematicks, writing, geography, logic, oratory, rhetoric and other useful and ornamental branches of literature." An organization of the corporation was effected shortly after, and the school went into operation under the charge of Charles Walker, a son of Judge Timothy Walker, of Concord, X. 11. He was succeeded by Daniel Staniford, Henry .Moore, Jesse Appleton, Wil- liam Crosby, William Biglow, Joshua Hayu 1, Wil- liam Abbott, Daniel Weston, Peyton R. Freeman, James McPherson and Thomas Cole. The school was in successful operation for some years, but it was fin- ally (dosed in 1801 for lack of adequate funds for its support. A select school was kept in the village during the summer months for several years afterward. Among tin teachers employed in this school were Ephraim P. Bradford, George Kimball, James McKean Wilkins, John Farmer, Samuel Whiting, Abel F. Hildreth and Gideon L. Soule. The sum of ten thousand dollars was left to i lie town of Amherst by the will of the late Isaac Spalding, of Nashua, the same to be paid in one year from the death of his widow, and kept as a perpetual fund, to be known as the " Spalding fund," the annual interest, dividend or income of which is to be added to the school money raised by the town in each year, and expended as such money is now, or hereafter may be, by law required or authorized to be expended. Post-Office. — William Gordon was appointed post- master at Amherst, by the President and Council, February 1(1, 1791. Since the organization ofthe Post-Office Depart- ment by the general government the postmasters have been, — Danii I p . [808. Samuel Foster; 1809, Eli Brown ; 1812, Ann, 11 Whitnt-y ; Ism, Jclidiali K Smith ; 1826, Isaac Spalding; 1827, John Prentiss; 1829, David Underbill ; 1841, Aaron 1 1849, Charles B. Totl >2, David Russell i - '■ '.. Timothy Danforth . 1855, Nafhani Mo i 1861, H ,- I Ibbott; 1868, Chiiile- lIu'li.ii.Uoii ; is,, a, II. .!.,,'.■ I;. \v 11 „■, n ] *;,', Wil-Mi, n For- A post-office whs established at Amherst station in August, 1881, under the name of " Danforth " post- office, and Charles II. Mackay was appointed post- master. Mr. c. E. Smith is tin- present incumbent. A telephone-office was opened at the telegraph- office in the house of Dr. Edward Aiken, on the Plain, July 7, 1882. It is now in the store of Mr. A. F. Sawyer. The Press.— The Amherst Journal and New Hamp- shire Advertiser, commenced by Nathaniel Coverly, January 16, 1795, was the first newspaper published in Amherst or in 1 lil Uborough County. It was printed on a sheet, eighteen by twenty-two inches, and issued weekly. In the centre of the title was a cut of the national eagle, bearing a shield of generous dimensions, which gave the paper quite ashowj ap- pearance. Its reading-matter was made up of selected stories, news from abroad, from two to four months old, ami very little of local interest. Mr. Coverly's son became associated with him in the publication of the paper, April 24, 1795, and it was discontinued at the close of the year. The Vilh.li/r Mrsxriiijir succeeded the Journal, Janu- ary 6, 1796. William Biglow was the editor; William Biglow and Samuel < lushing, publishers. This paper was a decided improvement upon its predecessor, and made a very creditable appearance. Mr. Biglow soon relinquished the editorial chair, but Mr. Gushing continued the publication of the paper until April 18, 17!'7, when he retired, and the establishment passed into the hands of Mr. Samuel Preston, by whom the waspublished until December 5, 1801, when it was discontinued. The Farmers' Cabinet, Joseph Cushing editor and proprietor, succeeded the J/issc/oyo-, November 11, 1802. Mr. Cushing continued its publication until October 10, 1809, when, becoming involved in the failure ofthe Hillsborough Bank, he sold the estab- lishment to Mr. Richard Boylston, at that time a journeyman printer in his office, who continued its publication until January 3, 1840. liis son, Edward 1). Boylston, then became a-.-oiiated with him in its management, ami continued associate editor until his removal to Manchester, in April, 1843, when the senior editor again assumed the entire charge of the paper. In August, 1848, his son again became asso- ciated with him in its management, ami January 1, L851, became sole proprietor by purchase, the senior remaining associate editor until 1856. In January, 1869, Albert A. Rotch, son-in-law of the editor and a graduate from the office, became associate editor, and still continues as such. The Hillsborough Telegraph, Elijah Mansur editor and publisher, was commenced January 1, L 820, and discontinued July L3, IN22. It was a well-conducted ami well-printed paper. The Amherst Herald, published by Thomas < ,. Wells and Nathan K. Seaton, was commenced January 1, 1825, and continued until December of that year. when ii was united with the 2V< w Hampshire /Statesman and Concord Regixtrr. It was the oti'spring of the Unitarian Controversy o\ those times, ami advocated Unitarian views. Quite a number of books and pamphlets were printed al i lie above-named offices, and, with a view of enlarg- ing his business as a publisher, Mr. Cushing, shortlj before he left town, elected the three-story brick build- ing, on tin- Plain, lor its accommodation, which he left in an unfinished state. Hence it was lor a long time called "Cushing's tolly." Dr. Sammd Curtis, a citizen ofthe town, published a Pocket Almanack or New Hampshire Register, from 1800 lo 1809 inclusive, which was printed by Mr. Cushing from 1804-9. The Piscataqua Evangelical Magazine, conducted mainly by President Appleton, at that time the min- ister of Hampton, was printed by Mr. Cushing from January 1, 1806, until .March, 1808. Banks. — The Hillsbokough Bank was incorpo- rated June IN, 1806, for twenty years, with a capital of I - i0,00 $200,000. The corporation was organ- ized July 23, 1800, when Samuel Bell, Charles II. Atherton, David Everett, Frederick French and Daniel Prior were chosen directors. Samuel Bell was chosen president and David Holmes cashier by the directors. The first bills were issued October 17, 1806, and were of i be denominations of one, two, three, live and ten dollars. They were printed on Perkins' stereo- type plates. Being authorized to issue bills to double the amount of the capital employed, the directors availed them- selves of the privilege, as business was good and the money in demand. Shortly after, in consequence ofthe course the gov- ernment thought proper to adopt in reference to the troubles with Great Britain, the commerce of the country was destroyed and its business paralyzed. It became difficult to turn property into n y, and the bank suffered in consequence. The holders of its obligations were clamorous tor their money, but the bank found it difficult to obtain its dues from its debtors t" meet them. The banks in the commercial centres, which had contracted their circulation to some extent before the storm, were better prepared to meet it. Viewing the country banks as rivals, they pursued an unfriendly course toward them. Finally the bill-holders, losing confidence in them, disposed of their bills to specula- tors at a discount, who at once presented them for payment. I ii tin- emergency, alter redeeming its bills until its specie was exhausted, the Hillsborough Bank, August 23, ISO!), suspended payment. September 26 1809, its bills were at ten and twelve and one-half per cent. ; October 17, 1809, at fifty per cent, discount. Many of tin' active business men of the place suffered severely by its failure, and some terribly bitter pamphlets were written and published in regard to its management. 244 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. For years any connection with the management of lln' "Old Hillsborough Bank" was deemed a reproach by many of the citizens of A mherst. Farmers' Bank. — A charter for a new bank at Amlier-I was granted liy the Legislature at its session held in.liiiM', lSi'l'. The grantees, under this charter, met at Ray's Hotel January 31, 1825. At this meet- ing they \ oted to carry the pro\ isions of their charter into effect as soon as practicable. The capital stock, $65,000, was subscribed for at ..nee. and February 12, ISl'o, the corporation was organized by the choice of Charles H. Atherton, James Wallace, Edmund Parker, Robert .Mean-, Robert Read. Daniel Adams and Aaron F. Sawyer as directors. The board of directoi - organ- ized immediately alter by the choice of Charles It. Atherton as. president and John Prentiss cashier, who served iii those offices during the whole period of the existence of the bank. The bank went into operation April 11, 1825. The capital of $65,000 was fully paid in, and during its existence it furnished for cir- culation nearly S5.00(l,(. The bank was quite suc- cessful in its business, its semi-annual dividends averaging three and one-half per cent. March 12, 1847, Charles 11. Atherton gave notice that he was prepared to make a final close of the affairs of the Farmers' Bank, by paying the stock- holders their stock in full, with a small surplus. May 1, 1839, an attempt was made to rob the Farm- ers' Bank by an Englishman, who gave his name as John Jones. Tie- cashiei was awakened and suc- ceeded in securing the burglar before he had accom- plished his object. At the session of the court held in September fol- lowing he was .sentenced to ten days of solitary con- finement, and imprisonment for life at hard labor in the State prison. His real name was said to be John Honeyman. Amherst Social Library . — Samuel Dana, Joshua Atherton, Jeremiah Barnard, Samuel Wilkins, Daniel Campbell, John Shepard, Daniel Warner, Robert Fletcher, Jonathan Smith, Samuel Curtis and their associates were, by an act of Legislature approved June 21, 171*7. incorporated as the Amherst Library Society. This society continued in existence about thirty- five years. It was finally dissolved and its books sold at auction February 25, 1832. The Franklin Society was organized September 16, 1807, for the improvement of its members in literary pursuits. It consisted of a number of young men wdio met every sec 1 Wednesday for the dis- cussion of literary subjects, declamations and the reading of original compositions. The following list of members is copied from the book of records : Herman Abbott, Samuel Abbott, Vlnaham An. trews. Charles It. Ath- erton, John P. Batehel.ler, John Burnaui, Joseph Bell, William Clag. etl Nathan R. Clongh, Joseph Cusliin- Elisha II Elam, Caleb Emereon, Luther Farley, John Fanner, Ml... I'.-k. Benjamin 1\ Fp-ikIi, Willi, m. Gordon, Alonzo S ,,n,H, !,■>, l[.i,>tl , Jacob ll..lt,i.-~. .1..- Ib.lt. K.iL'.'lie II ill. hill-on, Is..;..* Hill, Oeor^e Kitiikill .b.srj.li 1 1 M;Hi i. ie_ Band McG. Means, William I' Morrison, Harrison G Otis, Jr I. ; 1 Parker, James Perkins, Robert Read Davids .be, Matthias Spalding, li ...i. -I. nil- Sim, ii. liliiiwn Taylor, Jr., Henry J. Tll.li.r. Freemasonry. — A charter for Benevolent Lodge, No. 7, F. and A. M.. was granted by the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire. April 26, 1797, and the lodge was organized on the last Tuesday of May in that year. Samuel Dana was appointed Worshipful Master; Jo- nathan Gove. Senior Warden; and Luther Dana, Junior Warden. This lodge continued in successful operation quite a number of years, and many of the citizens of Am- herst were connected with it as members. At last. as a majority of its members resided in Milford, Brookline and Wilton, at a meeting held March 20, 1826, it was voted unanimously to remove said lodge from Amherst to Milford, on condition that whenever two-thirds of the members were in favor of restoring it to Amherst, the minority should cheerfully acquiesce in its removal. Samuel Dana, Daniel Warner. I lharles II. At licit m, Aaron Whitney and Ephraim Blanchard were among the citizens of Amherst who served as Worshipful Masters of the lodge while it remained in town. It became dormant in 1832, but was revived and is again in operation. There are but two older lodges now in existence in tile State. Souhegan Grange, No. 10, Patrons of Husbandry, was formed December 5, 1873, with sixteen members. and is now one of the largest and most flourishing granges in the State. United Order of the Golden Cross was instituted July 1, 1881, with twenty-seven members; officers chosen semi-annually. Physicians. — Moses Nichols, from Beading, Mass.. settled here as early as 1761, and remained in practice until his death, in May, 1790. He was an active and influential citizen, and filled many im- portant civil ami military offices. At the head of his regiment, he commenced the attack upon the Hessians at Bennington, in 1777. lie also commanded a regi- ment at West Point at the time of Arnold's treason, in 1780. Seth Ami's, from Dedham, Mass., brother of the celebrated orator ami statesman, Fisher Ames, gradu- ated at Harvard College in 17(il in the .lass with John Wilkins; practiced here from about 1770 to 1777, when, his health failing from the excessive u~.- of snuff, he relinquished practice and returned to Dedham, where he died January 1, 1778. Henry Codman, son of Henry Codman, an Irish immigrant, was born in Middleton, Mass. His mother was a near relative of Rev. Mr. Wilkins. He practiced here nearly forty years, and died in March, 1812. His son, Henry ('oilman, practiced in Mont Vernon a short time, but died young. Ebenezer Weston, Jr., was in practice here some years. ''Weston's Itch Ointment." of which tons were manufactured by Read & Spalding, origi- nated with him. Samuel Curtis, from Sharon, Mass., graduated at Harvard College in L766; was a surgeon in the army of the Revolution; settled in A.mherst in 1789, and was in practice here a few years. He finally gave up his professional business for that of an inn-keeper. He also kept an apothecary's store in his tavern; compiled and published a pocket almanac and register several year-, beside other publications of various kinds, and served as postmaster several years. In his old age he loved to hear and tell the news and relate rare instances which had come under his persona] ob- servation or of which he had heard. Being rather credulous, sonic of the stories he reported would have done credit to the " Pickwick Club.' 1 lie died in 1X22. Moses Nichoi 3,jR.,son of General Moses Nichols, studied his profession under tin- direction id' his father, and commenced practice here in 17*4 ; removed to Thornton in 1787, thence to Canada in 1802; re- turned to Amherst in 1805 ; remained hen' until 1811, when he again removed to Canada. He died at Sher- brooke, Canada, in November, 1X4!>. Nathaniel Henchman, from Lynn, Mass., settled here in 178::, and remained in practice until his death, ir, May, 1800. John MtJSSEY, a native of Kingston, studied his profession with General Nichols; settled in Pelham in 1766; in Amherst in 1791, where he remained un- til 1800, when he removed to Peterborough, where he died in January, 1831. He was father of Professor Reuben Dimond Mussey, the celebrated surgeon and instructor in surgery. Rogers Smith, horn in Middleton, Mass., came, in infancy, with his father's family, to Amherst; com- menced practice prior to 1804; removed to Mont Vernon in 18<»8, thence to Greenhush, N. Y., finally to Weston, Vt., where he died in 1846. He was father of Rev. Asa Dodge Smith, the president of Dartmouth College from 1863 to 1871. Matthias SPALDING,son of Colonel Simeon Spald- ing, of Chelmsford, .Mas-., graduated at Harvard Col- lege in 1798; studied medicine with Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, of Cambridge, and Dr. E. A. Holyoke, of Salem, Mass. ; visited England in 1700, where he attended the medical lectures of Sir Astley Cooper and other noted physicians and surgeons; on his re- turn he commenced practice at Chelmsford, whence, in 1806, he removed to Amherst, where he continued in practice until disabled by the infirmities of age. He died May 2.">, I860, aged nearly ninety-six years. Charles F. Hildreth, graduated at Harvard College in 1823; practiced here a short time; in 1824 removed to Boston. Ambrose Seaton, son of Deacon John Seaton, Jr., graduated at Dartmouth Medical School in 1825; commenced practice in 1826. About 1830 he removed to Boston, thence, at a later date, to Greenup, Ky., where he died. Amory Gale, a native of Warwick, Ma ated :il Bowdoin College in 1824; practiced in Lan- caster, Mass., some years; settled in Amherst in November, 1834,' where he remained until 1839. He died in is;::. Francis Perry Fitch, a native of Greenfield, who graduated at Dartmouth Medical College in L831, con need practice in New Boston, whence he re- moved to Amherst in 1839; succeeded to Dr. Gale's business in Amherst, and remained in successful pt ■ tice until 1865, when he removed to Milford. After a lew years he relinquished practice, and removed to Vineland, N. J., where he died in December, 1874. Edward Aiken, son of Rev. Silas Aiken, gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1851 ; succeeded to the practice of Dr. Fitch in Amherst in 1865. He retired from practice in 1883 and is now engaged on the re- cords of the State Secretary, but resides in Amherst. George W. Moor, a native of Princeton, Mass.. graduated at Dartmouth College in 1841; settled here in July, 1843, and remained in practice until his death, in September, 1866. Peyton D. Baker commenced practice here in 1855, but remained only a short time, lie removed to Maine, where he died. Bradley It. Bartlett practiced in Manchester and Pittsfield, and was a surgeon in the Civil War; s ettled in Amherst in 1872. In October, 1876, he was disabled by paralysis, and died in December, 1878. C. M. Douce practiced here a few months, com- mencing in April, 1878, and was succeeded by A. ('. Buswell, who remained hut a short time. W. II. DlNSMORE settled lane in 1880, and is now in practice in Milford. Dr. J. H. Mills succeeded Dr. Dinsmore, and died aftei on,- j ear's pracf ice. Drs. J. 11. Pettengill and II. D. Hicks are now in practice. Lawyers. — For lawyers sci- chapter on "Bench and Bar." COLLEGE GRADUATES FROM AMHERST.' //.,, yard Collegt John Wilkins, 1764, instructor; diedat Athens, 0., 1808, aged 68. Jacob Kimball, 17ns. fanner; died at Amherst, August 1, 1849. aged 81. Charles I!. Atherton, 1794, Iawyei ; diedat Amherst, January 8, 1853, aged 7». lorn. I We.. , IT',!,",, , ler^ynian ; 'lied in Maine, 1837. William Gordon, 1806, lawyer ; diedat Brattleboro', Vt., January 12,1871, aged 83. Jonathan F. l>ana,= 1813, physician ; died in New York City, April, Lowell, Ma- . M in I I Bosl Dei ember 5, 1861, Samuel L. Dana, Isle, rhmiUI L868, aged 7 J. John II. Wilkins. 1818, I ksellei aged r.7. Charles G. Atherton, 1822, lawyer; died in Manchester, Novembe] II 1853, aged 49. Stephen R. Holmes, 1822, instructor; died at sea, January 11,1830, Massachusetts HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. i ' 'ollege. Joshua Haj ■. . Reuben D.Mussc; lune 21, 1866, aged 86 Devi II. ii ! .. : died June 23, 1876, aged 72 ! ' >'■" I- I. I ICiHiam H Edward II. Pi Mi;. '.i S] aiding graduab ol Hedical I oil . 1851, physii iao John 11 1 1ark t 1857, | i'li.-iil.- il \\ .il !..■■■ l-.7l.ui student; died June 21, 1801, aged 25 -■> man. Warren ngineer. '. University. S »■! Uhitiu-, lsls, lawyer. Bowdoin College. Robert Means, Ji . 1807, lawyer; died Sept. mber 26, 1842, aged 16 William Ai.pl.-tii, !.-_'.., lawyt . ,ii. ,1 i .. i.,i„., p., i> .... ..-.-.l -p James Means, 1833, clergyman ; died Ipril, 1863, aged 50 lmh< i I ollege. Bal lu .... clei gj man John B. Whe< MODEli\Tcil:s OF THE \\M AL TOWN .MEETINi is, John Goffe, 1760. William Peal.... I \ 17. '.1 C-J, ,1 . , ,.,. ;,, i iron, 17..:;. Mioses Nil h .Is, 1767, '69, 70, 71, : I 77 . id, 1768. .Samuel McKi Benjamin Keiidrick, 1771. Daniel Campbell, 177", '88 Nahum Baldwin, 177s. .lusiab Crosby, 177'.' Samuel Wilkins, 1780, 31 ... . t John Shepard, Jr., 1785, Samuel Dana, 17711. c William Gordon, 1796. Daniel Wan,. Jonathan Smith, 17'.. 1 .'. lsnl, '..2. 18, '09. Smith, 1 30 7 04, 05 06, 17, 11, '12, 13 14 '17 '23 '24. - 1 " 1 " S ml e, 1810 '16 CharlesH Edmund Parker, ins, '19, '20, '21 Hubbard Newl Da ., : . David Stewart, 1845, 16 Levi .1 - j 155, Perley Dodge, 1853 .1 Charles Ii I , ■ ,, ; ,,, tJl Charles B. Tuttle, I860 1 "William A. Mark, H1.7, is r,9, 70, 71 72, 73, '74. Bradley H. Bartlett, 1875, 76 Brooks K. tame, 1777. ;, I'av, 1..71, ';■, '.. ..r.-.- \\ . l:..-u,.itl,. 1.111., ,1. Frank P. Mace, 1882 -ge E. Holbrook,] SS I, • I. 35 TOWN CLERKS. Solomon Hutchinson, 1760, v.l. John Sbepard J G8, '70, '71. '72. I I I"'.', : Moses Nichols, 177 Samuel Wilkins, 1774, '75, '76, 77, 84, -:. - Nabum Baldwin, 1778. I 2, '93 William Fisk, I 09, '10, 11. John EUenwood, lsl2, "l:;, '14. B 6, '17, '18, 19, 20, 21, J 23, 24, '25, ': Ambrose Sea 1 John Prenti-. Aiuli.-n \N Charles L. Stewart, 1837 to Septembei 16, 1838. David Stewart, Si-pp-m n. "42. David Russi 1 17, '48. Lemuel Bissi Albert Hardy, 1850 to Jum Charles B. Tuttle, June 23, 1851, to .March, 1852. Daniel A. Fletcher, 1852, '53, '54, '55, '50. Charles B. Tuttle. 1857 CharlesH. w .1 , ., -nth. Daniel Flet 359 1 63, '64 Charles N. Merrill, 186S to Deceml Albert A. Rotch, December 8, 1868, Joseph I). Fay. IsiV.i. '711, '71. Wilson D. Forsaith, 1- ML.it A, Rotch, 1874, '75, "7.;, 77, '78, "7:., '- SELECTMEN. Solomon Hutchinson. 1761 William Brail Reuben Mussey, 1760, '61, '69, '70, '71. '76, '77. Joseph Gould, 1760 7 ThomasClarli L76I William Peabody, 1761, 62 .lohn Shepard, ■ . i . ■ ' ■ . . ,7. 68, 7", 71, Tl ias Walt 1 77, 7-. 79 Oobert Read, 1761, '62, 1 Daniel Campbell, 1763, '64, '70, '71, '74, '75, Samuel Stewart, 176 I. John Graham, 17C.4. Andrew Bradford, 1765. Mo* - Nil hole 17c"., '68 '7 '.. Nathan Kend Samuel McKean, 17t>'., '72. Benjamin Taylor, 1766, '67, '69. L766, 79. El.en.-zer Weston, 1767, '71, '7-,, '81, '82. Hezekiab Loveji Samuel Wilkii Israel Towne, Jr., 171 Nahnm Baldwin, 1769, '78. dy, 177H, '72, '7-;, '79. Benjamin Kedrick, 1771. . . I77J '85, '86, .-7. John Patterson, 1773. 177 1 7'- 77 Stephen Washer, 1774. Peter Woodbury, 1775, '7.7 Solomon Kittre I Amos Flint, 1778. II, 1778. .li.lin Rums, 1778. Nathan Hutchinson, 177'.' Timothy Smith, L779 l'..-nj.iiiun 1.;.. ., 17-". -1 Eli Wilkins, 17-1 r, '88 Joshua Lovejoy, 1784. -7, . . Ahijah Wilkin-. ::-'. ':' '. ai George Burns, 1789. William Fisk, 1790, '91, '92, '93, '02, '03, '"•!. '05, '06, '"7. '08, 09, '10, '11, '12, Stephen Kendri. k, 1790, ''I 92, '93. Jos ph Langdell, 17'' ' 93, '94 95, '96, '.'7, '98, Maii. I Stewart, 1794, '95, '96, 97, 98, '99, 1: , l 98 '99 [800 03 John Secombe. 1810, '11, "12, '13, 'I 14, . Edmund Parker, 1815. Elijah Putnam, 1815, '17. Daniel Campbell, Jr., 1815, '16, '17, '18, '19, '20, ': Ml. Israel Fuller, 1816, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '•. '32, '44. Tli.imn Wilkin-, IKi'.;. John Ma.!., l- Davld Stewart, Jr., 1829, Barthol .mew D...1--. 1--". ' '■ '. ' ■•!. '■'•'' ■William Meleu.li :- '•! >' John Hazeltit Charles Richarils.ni. 1-'. Ephraim Blanchard, 1831 Israel Fuller, Jr., 1837. Elbridge Har.lv, 1837. Nathan Dane, lsaT. Daniel Hartshorn, L838. Abel Downs, 1838. Levi .1 - ob, 1839 i, I 12, '43. i;:i Sawtell, L842, 13 William.1. Weston, 1843, '41, '45, '40, 17, '48, 50, 61, '62, '63. Jotham Hartshorn, 1845, '46, '47, '51, '52, "... A Albert Riddle, 1845, '46. Charles II. Campbell, 1847. 1 ■ I I ' ! I George Walk... 1848 Timothy HartslM.ru. 1- I'.' Foster Wyatt ! Daniel Fletcle-r. Is:,... I Jonathan Knl.i He., I S li Joseph Mace, 18i I. 55, .... .7 Benjamin B. Whi ' Will.rl Hayden, 1855. Willard Danlorth, Is:,.;. .7, ':,.-. William A. Mack, 1858, Joel F. Osgo. .. Jr.siah W. Pillshnii JamesG. Haseltine, I860 Charles Richardson. 1861. AsaJaquith. h Francis K. Boutell, 1863, '64, '05, 67, 68, '69, 7.., Daniel Cram, 1864, '6 I, I Barnabas B. Da-rid, I James U. Prince, 1861 Thomas M. Harrill, 1870, '71, '81. Charles I. Bradford, 1870, '71. Levi Hartshorn, 1871, '72. Joseph Byron Fay, ls7-\ 7',. 71. i, '74, '75 Th as Jones, 1873, '74, Aaron Smith Wilkins, 1875, '76, '77. Isaac B. Dodge, lsTO. '77, '78. Daniel W. Trow, 1878, '79, '80, '81. Mark Putnam, 1878, '79, '80, '81 Luther Coggin, 1879. William Pratt, 1880, '81. Joseph B. Trow, 1882, '83, '84 John 11. I . ggin, I - ; .1... 1 II l-'ish.-r. iss... 'so. F. A.Holl .1 S84, '85. C. S Part Prior to 1803 fh e selectmeE w< re chosen annuallj ; since that time, but three. Representatives. — Amherst was classed with Bed- ford for the choice of a repi esentative to the ( t-eneral Court, under the provincial government. The first meeting for the choice of a representative from the classed towns, of which a record has hen found, was held at Bedford meeting-house, March 4, 17HL', at which Colonel John GofFe received forty-six votes an. I Captain Moses Barron thirteen votes. Colonel Goffe, having a majority of the votes, was declared elected, and served as representative of the distrht, under this and subsequent elections, until the abro- gation ( ,f (he provincial government. Paul Dudley Sargent was the deputy from Antln rst in the first Provincial Congress. His expenses were defi aj i 'I bj prh ate cont ributions. Paul Dudley Saig.ni was chosen a delegate to the seen. I Congress, which met January 25, 1775. Paul Dudley Sargenl and Moses Parsons repre- sented the town in the third Congress, which met April 21, 177.".. The same gentlemen represented the town in the fourth Congress, which met May 17, 177".. Moses Nichols and Nahum Baldwin wen chosen bo the fifth Congress, which met Decembei 21, L775. On the 5th day of January, 1776, this Congress adopted a temporary constitution, to continue in force during the "['resent unhappy and unnatural contest \\ iih i iivat Britain." It then resolved itself into a " House of Represen- , the Colony of New Hampshire." Provi- sion was made that precepts, in the name of the Council and Assembly, signed by the President of the Council and Speaker of the House of Represen- tatives, "should issue annually on or before the 1st; day of November, for the choice of a Council and House of Representatives, to be returned by the third Wednesday of December, then next ensuing, in such manner as the Council and Assomhly shall herealtcr prescribe." Since the 18th day of December, 1776, the representatives have been as follows: Moses Nichols, 177',, '77, '81, '82. Pet, i ii II ... 1777. '7s, '7;., '82. Reuben Mussey, 1778. .dy, 177;'. Samuel Wilkins, 1780. Nahum Baldwin, 1780 lt,,l,eit M, •.,.,.-, its.:, si, .-:,, si;, '89. Tl as Burns, 1783 William Peabody, Jr., 17S7, '88. Daniel Warner, 1790, '91, from June 10, 1793, '94, '95, '96, '97 lugust 23, 1798. .I,,slnia Atli.-it.,!., 17. ''J .resigned, v:....... y m.l tilled, ) '93, to June 10th, i ii..:.. August 23, 1798, '99, from August '06, '"7. 'os, '09. William Bradford, 1800, '01, '02. Jedsdiah K. Smith, lsn;-;, t.. 1.1-uo J7, I- 1 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. |i;m,l M.c M. JohnSecomb, I II Daniel Campbell, Jr., 1 i". II. Bai nabai i: I'.. i id, 1842. Lemuel \ I ber, 1851 w illiam H i ■!" rbei I Charlei H I i ibi 11, 1850 ■ 84 Jotham Hartuhorn, 1861, '02, '71, '7-J. \.n,.n Lav ronce, 181 William Clark William \ M i 1809 . Harrison Eaton, 18" 1, i i Fay, 1875, '70. • in i . Thomas Jones, 1878, '79 \n., ii \ i; it. h, L880, 188 '.. '84. 1885 Population.— V null at till' tillH on teen Mr famil Wilki " vere settle >rdination, 1 in Sep- ember 23, 17 11. Thirtj -five fan ili. a in which wen fifty-eighl nien ibove sixteen ye ITS >ld, •emain id i i town May 13, 1717. ■The whole population of the town in 1767 was 858; 177::, 1370; 177.".. L428; 1783, 1909; 1786, 1912; 1790, 2369; 1800, 2150; 1810, 1554; 1820, 1622; 1830, 1657; L840, 1565; 1850, 1613; I860, 1508; 1870, L353; 1880, L225 In 17,17 tli.-r. ii.i. II ,,,:,1.-. .iii.l I '.; r.'iiuil.s. I V. , I. '■'! ' lll.,|r> HUl In 177 ... i> i '7 will I.' iiiii 1,'s :i n. 1 7 1, win I, I. Ill . h 111 I7'.i...\. i,.i v oars . 17 1:1 2 2 I in i ii, I 270 11- Mi I 117 246 Widows 1- i In the census of I77."i the population is classified ai illows: Boys mi,!.'! ii. years old 1 1 I Men I'- \.'..i - .1.: .in.i mi. i. i 10, :i .' in Mi.' army .... 200 Men 60 years old and upward 63 M.'ii in 111,' iiiniv -1 Females 717 ited -1 lii the eensns ni' 17: hi the population was ,i,,i clasai 1800 (here W( in (lie first parish. Of whites, 630 were under sixteen years of age, ami 809 sixteen years old and upward. At the same time there were 2 colored pels,, lis in the see, in, I parish, 825 White persons under sixteen years of age, and 353 sixteen years old and upward. In 1810 and 1820 the white population was classi- fied thus: i mi.., I,, i. ..,...i ....... Ml ni i roan and apt, ud 123 i a I Under 10 roai : '" 316 Of ii. .1 153 17,. 01 il and .1,1,1.1 I., years . 130 1 H , it I . will's ,ui,l iipwiu.l 160 163 In 1830, 1840, 1850, I860, 1870 and 1880 the differ- ,t classes of population wen- as follows : Hales. l-;.. 1840 1 „.l,, ... | 17 222 n l:i- 156 131 m i,, .,,,,1 im.i.i 60yean . . 110 115 16 i 158 151 134 01 . i ..■ ,i . hi. I .,,.„.,i,i ,.,. 7 ■ , ; 89 i" I i"' 1 /jsSsyr y/) /V ^Xo L'-lil I l.iln L'llynilK,,! :l K1 - . . . :WI .:." I Of 20and undoi Wyeai 242 124 S3 I! Of Wand u r BOyoara . . 121 i '0 i i - IG4 148 Of 00 yeareand upward . . 89 60 103 [20 121 130 In the census of 1.783 the selectmen stated that then- were in town two hundred and fifty-nine dwell- ing bouses and two hundred and forty-seven barns. In 1820, four bundred and lour of the inhabitants were engaged in agriculture; one hundred and twenty-two in manufactures and ten in trade. The ministers, doi tors and lawyers were classed as manu- facturers. The censuses of 1767, IT;:., 1778, L783 and 1786 wen- takm by the selectmen; those of 1790, 1800 and L810, by Colonel Daniel Warner; thai of 1820, by Captain John Secombe; 1830, by Stephen Peabody, Esq.; 1850, l>> Boberl Moore, Esq.; I860, by Charles Richardson, Esq.; 1870, bj J. Abbotl Marsh, Esq.; 1880, by Isaac Brooks Dodgi I Copies of the censuses of 1810 and 1820 may be found in the library of the New Hampshire Historical Society ; of those of 1850, 1860 and 1870, in the State Library at Concord; and 1880, in the office of the clerk of the courts of Hillsborough ( lounty, Nashua. The organization of the Hillsborough County Agri- cultural Society was completed at a meeting held at Hardy'., tavem, February 8, L848. Dr. Pi ti i P Woodburj was chosen president ; Edward I). I'.oyls- ton, treasurer ; and David Stewart, a member of the e.M eiiii\ e i ommit tee. This* society held a fair at Am heist October 1 and 2, 1851, which was considered one of the most m i ■ fill e\ er held in the county. I In society held several fairs subsequently, at various places, but finally disbanded. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH KS. 1- \ M BE £S, ESQ. Isaac Brooks, Esq., son of Isaac and Joanna (Holden) Brooks, was a native of Wbburn, Mass., horn August 16, 1757. Much interest attaches to his biography, as be was s ol the early teachers in this and several of the neighboring towns, as also the fourth register of deeds in Hillsborough County. At the age of nineteen (December 2, 1776 . Mr. Brooks entered the office of l»r. John Hale, of Hoi lis, VII as a si mli hi of medicine, « hi re hi but a short time, Dr. Hale having received an ap- pointment as surgeon in the United Stati At precisely what dale he came to Amhet known, but a diary in the hands of hi Isaac I-;. Dodge, Esq., makes i1 certain that it was previous to 1784, and that during 1787, 1788 and 1789 he was employed in teaching in several parts of Amherst, and thai he was also a stmlenl in the A mean Academy here four months in the last named year. August 3, 1790, he commenced :i school in New Boston, contracting for three months, a1 six dollars per month, one-half in money and the other half in grain, keeping a horse. April 6, 1791, he closed a school in Lyndeborough, of ten weeks, al thirty-six shillings per week, excluding horse-keeping. He also tau do :i da) -school in Merrimack andawritin in Temple, his diarj containing the names of all the scholars attending these se\ era I schools. He i Tied Miss Abigail Kendrick.a most estimable lady, daughter "i Benjamin Kendrick, Esq., of Amherst, and sister of the inui her of Presidenl Frank lin Pierce. Soon alter, with her, he returned to Woburn, where he cul- tivated a farm, and in 1793 was elected clerk of that town, serving also as tax collector in 1794. In that yeai he n ived to Wilton, N. H., with his family, ici\ He purchased a small place there of Luther Dana, Esq., a merchant of Amherst, who assisted him in opening a small store. lien- he continued until November 30, 1801, when, becoming discouraged from the illiberality of his reception, supposed or real, and want of success in business, as well as depressed by the l"-, of In- first-born, he disposed of his plai e to one Sampson Keyes, of Westford, Mass., a blacksmith, and took up his permanent residence in Amherst. Being a fine penman and having much reputation as a scholar, he soon obtained employment as a clerk in the office of Jonathan Smith, Esq., register of deeds for the county. Awaking on the morning of October 5, 1X1)2, to find tin office vacant, in consequence of the incumbenl having departed to parts unknown, through the persevering efforts of Ins friends, in spite of much popular opposition, he secured ihe appoint- ment to till the vacancy thus occasioned, and i nti n d upon its duties October 9th, and continued therein for nearly twenty-six years, being annuallj i thereto bj the people, ajority of whom, for most of i he i ime, were hi oppom nts in polil ics. 1 1 is long continuance in this office was due to the reputation he had attained asa teacher, his excellent chirography and his excellent bu-i ms~ .pmlities. At the In ad of his diary, alluded to above, stands the key-note of his life, lo which it was ever closely attuned : "Method in business is the surest guide; he who neglects it, frequent ly stumbli -. and alwa , •• mdi i | uncertain and in danger." Soon aftei ei ig upon the duties of his offici he purchased an unfinished house, recently erected by Ephraim Blanchard, being then centrallj the same as i- now owned and oci upied bj his grand- son. This he finished for his own occup there n ided until his decease. This was the first nine by twelve. Hen I he n cords of the count) wi i Mr. Brooks was a gent leman oi strict inti marked purity, a peculiar feature of his mind being HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH < OI'NTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. extreme conscientiousness and sensibility, which, in the diarj alluded tn.hr thus accounts for,ai with much correctness: "The want of health, and my early misfortunes, have so clouded m\ mind as to make me to be and appear the mo-t singular being. [el me be w bere I will." Mr. and Mrs. Brooks united with the Congrega- tional church in Amherst, under the pastoral charge of Rev. Jeremiah Barnard, September 6, 1 -07, and ever witnessed a good profession. He died December 20, 1840, at the age of eighty-three. His children were, Isaac, who died at Wilton, aged four years; Luther Dana, died August 22, L829, aged thirty-four; and Abigail, the widow of Ninian C. Dodge, died al Amherst, January 22, 1872, aged sixty-five. A tine monument has been erected upon the family lot, in the west cemetery, by his only grandson, Isaac Brooks Dodge, Esq. iion 111 \ 1:1.1:- 11. r \ m i-r.i.i .1.. Hon. Charles H. Campbell, the youngest son of Captain Daniel and Susan (Ston ) Campbell, was born in Amherst. April 24, 1827; received an academii edu- cation: commenced teaehinu' school at sixteen years of age; followed teaching and farming si • ■ settled on the ancestral farm and engaged in farming and cattle-dealing until 1866, when he disposed of part of his real estate in Amherst, and re- moved to Nashua, where he now resides, engaged in the real estate and auction business, in which he has been quite successful, his sales aggregating, in some instances, two hundred thousand dollars in a single month, his business extending over most ofNew Eng- land and man) ofthe Western Mates, and his sales having been of all kinds of property, the old Hills- borough ( 'mini v jail, the New 1 himpshire State Prison and the Manchester and Keene Railroad included. He served on the Board of Selectmen and on the superintending school committee of Amherst; was moderator of the annual town-meetings nine years, ding otlieer ; represented the town in the State Legislature in the years L856, 1 351 1858, 1863 and 1864, and the old Seventh Senatorial District in the Senate two years, of which body he was the president in the year 1872. He also 1 Ward One. Nashua, in the Legislature ot presided at the organization of the House of Kep- resentatives in is.'.s and lsx;;. Among the many important measures originated by him and enacted by the Legislature may lie mentioned the " Act limiting and defining the [lowers and duties of county commissioners in certain cases," the "Act providing (or the distribution of the proceeds arising from the tax on savings-hanks, among the towns within this State where the depositors reside," and the "Act for funding the indebtedness ofthe State." 1 Bj la I F. Secomb. He took a deep interest in the success of the Union cause in the recent Civil War, and gave largely from his private means to encourage the enlistment of volunteers for service in the army from his native tow 11, and was appointed by the I rOVi rnor and I 'min- ed oneof the commissioners to re\ ise the military t n- rollment of the State He was one of the leading citizens in planning for lie , entennial celebration ofthe incorporation of his native town, in I860, and was the presiding officer on that occasion. In every position in which he has been placed by the town he was faithful to his constituents, particu- larly in local matters, and in the protracted political struggle in the Legislature of 1871 his untiring vigil- ance and devotion to his party did much to avert what at one time seemed an unavoidable defeat. Of his four children, only one survives, Colonel George Hylands Campbell, of Boston, whowas ad- mitted to the Suffolk County bar in 1874. I'ANIEI. 1 A MPBELL. S Theyeai 1719 brought a valuable accession to the inhabitants of New Hampshire, in the settlement at Londonderry of a colony of Scotch Presbyterian emi- grants from the north of Ireland, where their ances- tors had settled a century before. This first emigra- tion was followed in succeeding years by others of their countrymen, and, as the settlement increased in numbers, colonies went forth and commenced the settlement of other towns, and, at the close of .1 cen- tury, more than one-twentieth of the inhabitants of the State were numbered among their descendants, and one ofthe number was its ( lovernor-elect. Distinguished for their industry, perseverance, in- and thrift, the descendants of these Scotch emigrants have done the State and nation good service, and acquitted themseh es honorably in all the important stations in which they have been placed. Among those who came over a few years after the first emigration was Henry Campbell and his family. His father, Daniel Campbell, born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1660, was (as a family tradition descendant of one of the Eai Is of Argyle. He was an officer in the arm) of William, Prince of Orange, and took part in the battle of the Boyne Waters in 1690, the result of which seated William securely on the throne of Great Britain. After the close ofthe war he settled in Ireland- Henry Campbell, bom in 1697, married Martha Black, wdiose parents emigrated from near Aberdeen. Scotland, to Ireland. In 17:11 or 1732 they emigrated to America with their family, and after some delay settled, in 1733, in that part of Londonderry after- ward incorporated as the town of Windham, where their youngest son, Daniel Campbell, was born, June ■11. 1739. - By Danii 1 I i,,i J '/„,;, -J a 'a r e. ( ( r/> >? /,■■<><■ . He married Jane Hylands, of Londonderry, June 2-7). 1760, and one brighl morning, near the close of April, L761, the twain started on foot from London- derry to A in I Hist . At Lutwyche's ferry, in Litch- field, they crossed the Merrimack in a dug-out boat and proceeded on their journey to Amherst, which they reached on the evening of the sai lav. On the lot where their cabin was then erected they spent the remaindei of their days. He was one of the stalwart men of his time, pos- sessed of an iron frame, a strong will and decided opinions, which he was ever ready to express fully and freely. Mis manner of living was plain, his habits regular and he was temperate in all things. He riisr with the sun and retired early. The use of ardent spirits was con c in his time among all classes and mi all occasions, but a wine-glassful twice i day sufficed him, and an invitation to partake of mure was always declined. In 1766 be received a commission as coroner from Governor Wentworth, and filled the office man\ years; he also served a lung time as a justice of the peace; thirteen years he was a member of the Board id' Selectmen nt' his adopted town, and was for years the senior survivor of those who had served the town in that capacity. Ee was also the last survivor of the town officers elected prior to the Revolution. He was frequently employed as a land surveyor, and by that means became possessed of a better knowledge of the lots and farms in Amherst and the adjoining towns than was possessed by any other per- son of bis time. The town of Hillsborough was surveyed and divided into l,,ls under his direction, and the adjoin- ing town of Windsor received its first name (Camp- bell's t lore) from him. He was one of tbr lour citizens of the town who re- fused to sign the " Association Test Paper"' in 177b, as he doubted the ability of the colonies to resist successfully, by lone of arms, the claims of the mother-country. In his religious views be was, in early life, a de- cided Presbyterian, but shortly after the commence- ment of Mr. Lord's ministry he joined in the move- ment which resulted in the formation of the Liberal or Unitarian Society in Amherst, to which he adhered through the remainder of his life. He retained his physical and mental vigor wonder- fully. After be bad passed his ninety-eighth birth- day he held a breaking-up plow a long distance, his son and grandson walking on either side to assist liim in ease of accident. lie was a greal reader, and kept well posted in the current events of the day. He also retained his interest in town and State affairs to the last, attending the annual town-meeting the .March before his death, and voting the Whig ticket. He died October 7, 1838, having attained to the age of ninety-nine years, time months and ten days. CAPTAIN DANIEL CAMPBELL, II;. Captain Daniel Campbell, Jr., only son of Daniel and .lane ( Hylandsl ( lampbell, was born in Amherst, March 2b, 1778. He taught school for a successi .1 winters in Amherst ami the adjoining towns ; was a competent land surveyor, coroner for the county of Hillsborough, an officer in the militia, a director of the Farmers' Bank, moderator of the annual town- meetings three years, a member of tie Board of Selectmen twelve years, and represented the town two years m the State Legislature. lie passed his entire lite on the farm where he was born, which he managed to advantage and profit, being one of the most succes«ful farmers and stock- growers in town. He was a man of strict honesty ami integrity, con- servative, but ever loyal to his convictions, of some judgment, and worthy of the confidence reposed in him by his fellow -citizens. He died July 7, 1853. I ICE GREELEY. Horace Greeley, founder of the New York Tribune, was bom in Amhersl February .'!, 1811, and spent the first ten years of his life here. He was early i id for bis love of reading and study, and. before (he family left Amherst, there was scarcely a book within ten mile,, of his h ■, that he could borrow, which he had not read. Driven from Amherst by the failure of his business plans, his father removed, with his family, to West Haven, Vt., in the spring of 1821, where, for live years, the future editor was engaged with the rest of the family in a struggle for the means of subsistence in a new settlement. in 1826 be began to learn the printer's trade at Pultney, Vt. He followed this trade at Krie, Pa., and other places, and in 1831 went to New York City. In 1833 lie commenced his career in journalism as pail owner of the Morning Post, the first daily penny paper ever printed. Subsequently he was interested in the New Yorker, Daily Whig, Jeffersonian, Log Cabin and The Tribune, issued first April 10, 1841. His subse- quent career as editor of the Tribune is a part of our national history. He was elected to Congress in 1848, serving one session. In 1*72 he was the Liberal candidate for the Presidency, but was defeated. His death occurred November 2b, 1872, ai Chappaqua N. Y. CAPTAIN JOHN SECOMBE. Captain John Secombe, for many years one of the prominent citizens of Amherst, was a native, and through his whole life a resident, of the town. In early manhood he took quite an interest in mili- tary matters, and at one time commanded the art il- ler\ company in the Fifth Regiment New Hampshire Militia, whence lie obtained the title of captain, by 1 H\ liiilll.l [■'. S'T'.lilk HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. which, as was customary in those times, he was ever after known. He served on the Board of Selectmen twenty years. was moderator of the annual town-meeting sixteen years, and represented the town in the General Court three years. He was also treasurer of the county of 1 1 i ]UI>oron.il i si -veil years, and held a comission as jus- tice of the peace twenty-five 3 1 are. Politically, he was a Republican of the school of Jefferson and Madison, but, with many others of like faith, supported John Quincy Adams for the Presi- dency in 1828, and thenceforth acted with the Na- tional Republican, Whig and Republican parties, in opposition to the .larks. m or Democratic Republican party. He was a Calvinist in his religious belief, and at the time of his death was the oldest member of the Congregational Church in Amherst. He was a man of few words, firm and derided in his opinions, possessed a good share of perseverance in his undertakings and was a believer in honest work. His own work was well done, better, in many cases, than his pecuniary interests would warrant. Much of it still remains to bear witness to his faith- fulness and honesty. A lover of reading, he delighted in collecting books and newspapers, and spent much of his leisure time in their perusal, thereby becoming familiar with his- torieal matters and the current events of the day. RICHARD BOYLSTON. Richard Boylston served a four years' apprentice- ship in the office of the Federal Spy, in Springfield, Mass., and finished his trade in the oilier of the Boston Centinel, where he was employed seven years under the direction of Major Hen. Russell. Early in 1809 he came to Amherst, in answer to an advertisement for a journeyman printer, to take the place of Isaac Hill, who was about to graduate from Cabinet office. After presenting his " credentials," he was engaged and assigned a place beside the future 1 rovernor, who left shortly alter, and, on the 18th day ..I' April, 1809, commenced his career as editor and publisher of the New Hampshire /'ah int. In the autumn of that year the proprietor of the Cabinet office became involved in the failure of the Hillsborough Bank, of which he was one of the di- rectors, ami, to avoid doing worse, left town some- what suddenly and loeated himself in Baltimore, Md., where the remainder of his life was spent. Previous to his leaving he railed Air. Boylston to him, and, after telling him frankly of his plans, of- fered him his printing establishment, with the book- store, at that time the only one in the county, on easy t' mis, assuring him that with proper rare ami man- agement there was every prospect of doing a success- ful business. To this oiler he required an answer earlj on the following morning, as circumstances would admit of no delay. I "i -..me time the young journeyman knew nut what to say. He was young, without capital or a proper education, his school-days having terminated when he was twelve years of age. What could hedo? After hours of anxious thought the time arrived. An affirmative answer was given, and Mr. Cushing de- parted to his new home. The first number of the Cabinet under Mr. Boyls- ton's direction was issued October 10, 1809, and from that time his success was assured. For ten years the paper had no rival in the county. Being located at the county-seat, it had a large advertising patronage, beside which a large amount of job-work was done in the office. The proprietor also had nearly all the hook trade in the county. Large invoices of school- books were bought and sold at a satisfactory profit, and beforea long time had elapsed Mr. Cushing's claim was paid in full. In 1810, Mr. Boylston married, and again he was fortunate. His wife, a niece of Paul Revere, of Revo- lutionary fame, proved to he a helpmeet indeed. Her husband, in his old age, said, "To her efficient help and wise management of all the family r :erns 1 owe all 1 1 1 > after-prosperity and success in life." Other, als,,, a graduate of the Cabinet office, for some years an inmate of the family, said, when more than eighty years of age, ''Mother Boylston was, emphati- cally, the editor- ' better hall'.' " And so time passed away. Under his management the Cabinet maintained a respectable standing among the journals of its time and had quite an extensive circulation. As his means increased, Mr. Boylston was ready to engage in enterprises that promised to benefit the place of his residence. \\v was one of the first to advocate the building of a railroad to Am- herst, the building of a steam mill and kindred en- terprises. He early took decided grounds in favor of the temperance movement ami the improvement of the common schools. |-,,r many years he was a mem- ber of the Congregational Church and was repeatedl) elected one of its officers, but invariably declined the acceptance of the charge. He served on the superin- tending school committee several years, and in 1844, 1845 and 1846 represented the town iii the General ( lourt. Dr. Matthias Spalding began his studies in West- lord Academy, under the instruction of Professor Hedgi , graduated al Harvard 1 lollege in 1798, in the class with Stephen Longfellow, William Ellery ('ban- ning and Joseph Story, and although lie was the old- est member of his class, he survived all but two of them. He studied his profession with Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, of Cambridge, and l>r. E. A. Holyoke, 251 of Salem. In 180] he went to London, where he at- tended medical lectures and devoted himself to ac- quiring the knowledge afforded l>y its medical schools and hospitals. He attended the lectures of Sir Astley Cooper and the younger Cline, and received from them many marks of personal attention. With Dr. .Tenner he had a special acquaintance, and received from him much information relating to vaccination, — a subject in which he was much interested. Dr. Batchelder, of New York, one of his pupils, says, "Perhaps it would not be too much to say that, with the exception of Dr. Waterhouse, he did more than any other man to introduce that im- portant practice into this country." ( in his return home, in 1802, he was the bearer of a letter from Dr. Jenner to Dr. Waterhouse, with the celebrated silver snuff-box, containing vaccine, and having on it the inscription. "From the Jenner of the < >ld World to the Jenner of the New." Soon after his return 1 >r. Spalding commenced practice in his native town, where he remained four years, and secure. 1 a large business and a high repu- tation as a surgeon. In 1801) he removed to Amherst, where the re- mainder of his life was spent. Although his constitution was originally feeble, by regularity of lite and a careful abstinence from all in- jurious indulgences, he was enabled to perforin a vast amount of professional labor. Sensible of the advantages that would accrue to the profession and the public from a mote intimate acquaintance of physicians with one another, he ex- erted himself to bring the regular physicians of his neighborhood together for mutual improvement and professional culture, and to him, more than to any other one, is due the establishment of the Southern District New Hampshire -Medical Society, of which he was for many years the president and librarian. In 1809 he was elected a member of the New Hampshire Medical Society, of which he was vice- president from 1815 to 1821, inclusive, and president in L822and L823. In 1817 he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine from Dartmouth College and he was elected an honorary member of the New York Academy of .Medicine June 1, I860. Favored with an education which was superior to that of most of his medical brethren around him, he was also gifted by nature with many qualities which admirably fitted him lor the profession of his choice. He was a gentleman in heart and manners, and his integrity and purity of character were never questioned. His equanimity and cheerfulness rarely forsook him ! calm and self-reliant, he impressed his patients with the feeling that he comprehended their situation, and would do all that an intelligent, faithful and caution- physician could Jo. He had great faith in true science, and genuine contempt for all quackery in medicine or practice. In the early part of his professional life his office was the resort of students, many of whom attained distinction in other States as physicians and surgeons and professors in medical institutions. 17 Beside his labors in his proles-ion, be was deeply in- terested in agricultural matters, in which he was an enthusiast to the last year- of bis lite. lie was one ol the first members of the Hillsborough County Agri- cultural Society, and contributed, by his example and pen, to the advancement ol' the object- which it was lui med in promote. Political office be never -ought, but was always re- lied upon as the friend and supporter of such measures as tended to promote education, good morals and the general welfare. lie was :i member of the Congregational Church, to which he was warmly attached, and in which hi' held the office of deacon for nearly half a century. After a long ami useful lite he went to his rest May ■1-2, 1865. Hi:. EDWARD SPALDING. Dr. Edward Spalding graduated at Dartmouth Col- ic-,' in l.-:;.",; -in, lied medicine with hi- father and at Harvard Medical School, graduating M.I». in 1837; began practice immediately at Nashua, and there continues; has often been a member of the municipal government, and was mayor of the city in 1864. II, becamea trustee of Dartmouth College in 1866, and in 1.S77 and 1878 was a member of the executive DR. ALFRED SPALDING. Dr. Alfred Spalding spent two years in Dartmouth College and some time in Yale. He studied medi- cine with his father and Dr. Reuben D. Mussey, and received the degree of M.D. from Dartmouth in 1843. He commenced the practice of his profession at ( rreenup, l\y.. soon after receiving his degree. He had a natural aptitude for his profession, in which he greatly resembled his father. With the genial, quiet manners , J' the courteous gentleman he united the discriminating and cautious judgment of a superior mind. In his practice his industry and painstaking fidel- ity soon win the confidence of all classes. During the Rebellion his house was a hospital for the wounded soldiers, and his services wen- sought by tbo-e who did not sympathize with his loyalty to the old flag. His enthusiasm in the study of medicine never abated. The latest reports and the most improved surgical instruments and apparatus— everything pos- sessing any advantage to bis profession — was examined, even though it deprived him of needed rest and sleep. He was a good horseman, and when he came into possession of lauds suited to the purpose, devoted sometime to the raising of his favorite animals. His interest in all local enterprises and improve- ments was constant and practical, and he made many and fast friends. His health failing, he relinquished his practice, and, the summer before his death, revisited his birth- place, for a time with some benefit ; but it proved not to be permanent, and in November he returned, by slow stages, to his home, where lie died Dec. 20. 1878. l-',,r Biography of Isaac Spalding, set- History of Nashua. HISTORY OF ANTRIM. I'.V REV. W. R. fciCHRAXE. ( I1APTER I . Tin: town of Antrim is situated in the north- western part of Hillsborough < lounty, and contains a little over thirty-three square miles (twentj -one thou- sand one hundred and seventy-live acres), of which something more than half is classified as "improved land." The Contoocook River forms the eastern boundary of Antrim, with Bennington and Hancock on the south. Nelson and Stoddard on the west and Hillsborough on the north. Thesoil of Antrim is for the most part fertile and strong as compared with New England land in general. Some parts are of light loam, productive and easy to cultivate: but the greater part is rocky and uneven. It is a soil that retains its enrichment for a long time. There are pastures in Antrim that have been fed for fifty or sixty years and are still good. Along the streams are beautiful and valuable meadows. The intervales on the Contoocook are of surpassing fertility and loveli- ness. There are many line farms in town, and hardly a miserable, starvation farm within itsborders. Farm buildings are mostly neat and thrifty in appearance, villages are attractive, and the whole face of the town is smart and good-looking. The western part of Antrim is peculiarly rich in pasturage. Few towns in the State can boast of fatter cattle or finer teams. The mountains of Antrim are numerous, but not high or remarkable. In the northeast part of the town, near the junction of the Contoocook and North Branch Rivers is Riley's Mountain, about fifteen hun- dred feet high, named from Philip Riley, the first settler of the town. Windsor Mountains form a chain on the northern boundary of the town, the town-line being about on the summit, and the broad southward slope giving warm pastures and valuable forests and farm- to Antrim. On the western side of the town is a range of mountains, as a sort of protection against cold and tempest, extending from North Branch River on the north to Hancock on the south. This range has many summits, among them Bald Moun- tain, Robb Mountain and Tuttle Mountain, the last named being the highest, — about fifteen hundred and fifty feet above tide-water. Bald Mountain 252 was so railed h> the fathers because it was bare and naked when first discovered. It seems that the Indians burned it over occasionally, not suffering the flames to spread elsewhere, and used it as a point of observation and a place of council. On its broad and excellent pastures moose once abounded, and it was a superior "hunting-ground." The streams of Antrim of any considerable size are few. By far the largest is the Contoocook. Its source is almost on Massachusetts line in Rindge, and it flows a little east of north till it sweeps the whole eastern boundary of this town, then turns eastward and flows into the Merrimack above Concord, having a length of about one hundred miles, and a fall of over eight hundred feet. It is crossed from Antrim by three bridges. In passing this town (more than six miles) its full is very trifling. The Peterborough and Hillsborough Railroad is along its hank. A lovelier river can hardly he found in New England. North Branch River is the next in size. It rises in Washington, flows southward through Long Pond, Stoddard, then turns eastward and runs about six miles in Antrim, nearly across the town, and nearly parallel with the north line, at a distance of about a half-mile from said line. Its length is about twenty- five miles, and its fall about the same as that of the Contoocook in a hundred miles. It falls more than three hundred and fifty feet in this town. Hence it is a wild, impetuous, noisy stream, and when swollen by rains, its roar can he heard for a long distance. The water-power on this river is immense; it has capacities for -aeat reservoirs, is never exhausted, and affords unsurpassed advantages to manufacturers. Great Brook, so named by the fathers, comes third in size. Its actual source is in the mountains in the west part of the town. From Gregg's Pond, through which it flows, to the Contoocook River, into which it empties, the distance is about three miles, and the fall about four hundred and sixty-five feet. The pond is fed by springs discharging below the water- mark, and hence this stream does not fail in a dry time to the same extent as other streams. Mill men here say they can run when the wheels on the Merrimack have to stop for lack id" water. Hence, the supply ANTRIM. being so regular and the fall so great, this little stream affords some of the best water privileges in the State. Fourteen dams cross it inside of three miles, and some excellent opportunities are still un- improved. It may safely be said that no stream in New England of the same length affords so many and so good privileges as Great Brook. Meadow Brook, Cochran's Brook and Salmon Brook are the other leading streams in the town. The collections of water in Antrim are neither many nor great. The largest is ( tregg's Pond, named from Samuel Gregg, who built the mill at its outlet. This is a beautiful sheet of water about a mile long and half a mile wide. It has mostly a hard, rocky shore, is surrounded by high hills, and is a favorite summer resort for boating, fishing, camping-parties and picnics. Antrim has also Campbell's Pond, Steel's Pond, Eye Pond. Willard's Pond and other smaller bodies of water. From this show of moun- tains, streams, lakes and valleys, it will lie evident that this is a town of variable and delightful scenery. It abounds with beautiful and romantic drives, and is attractive and popular as a place for summer tourists and boarders from the city. The first settlement in Antrim was made by Philip Riley, a Scotchman, in 1741. At that. time, and lor years previous, it was a matter of great peril, on account of Indians, to venture far from the .strong settle- ments of the lower towns. The valley of the Con- toocook was known to explorers, and was looked upon as valuable ground, but it was prudently avoided In 31 ttlers lor many years. It was a place very dear to the Indians. Near the river they hail residences within the limits of Antrim. They had a burial- place here, and here they had fields to raise corn for the tribe. The first settlers found constant evidences of the previous abode of the savages in this place. Hence, it was a perilous undertaking when Riley and three or tour neighbors near him in Hillsborough began in this valley, 1744. Riley located in the north- east corner of the town, near Hillsborough Bridge, fifteen miles from any help. The surrounding towns, Deering, Franeestown, Greenfield, Bennington, Han- cock, Stoddard and Henniker, were all a pathless and unbroken forest. The nearest neighbors, in Hopkin- tou, Peterborough and New Boston, were themselves 80 few and weak as to need assistance instead of being able to impart it. The only strong settlement in New Hampshire west of the .Merrimack was Dun- stable (now Nashua), and this was in no condition to render assistance to others. And when we take into account the fact that for many years there had been almost constant warfare between the French and In- dians on one hand, and the English settlers on the other, and that the cruel savages were scouring the forests most of the time with murderous intent, the undertaking of a half-dozen men in the unbroken forest, and beyond the possibility of help, seems haz- ardous in the extreme. Other and stronger places petitioned the Governor for soldiers to aid in their defense. In 1744 and 174"> Indians swarmed along the frontier. The settlers in some [daces abandoned their settlements and returned to the lower towns in 174o. But Riley and his few neighbors remained. Nothing but their connection with the Scotch-Irish, to whom the Indians seem to have had no enmity, can account for the attacking of Hopkinton, Charles- town and other places, and leaving this little com pany safe. The Indians were accustomed to murder- ing the scattered ami weak ones. April -22, 1741'), the savages made an attack on the settlers in Hopkinton, and carried oil' eight captives. The report of this event carried new alarm to the lew settlers of Hillsborough and Antrim. They had nogar- rison-house. They had seen Indians lurking and biding along the Contoocook, and supposed they would be the next object of attack. They determined to abandon their humble yet happy dwellings at once. Hurriedly burying some tools, and hiding others in hollow logs and under Hat rocks, and driving their few cattle, they started over the hills of Deering for New Boston and Londonderry. A Iter this flight Antrim had no white inhabitant for fifteen years. I!ut when Canada was captured from the French (1759-60), and peace after so long a time had been restored, the settlers all along the frontier began to creep back to their deserted cabins. Riley was the first to return to this section, coming back in the spring of 1761. A thick growth of young wood had spread over his clearing, and it was difficult to find the cabin he had left. His cabin alone remained standing. The savages had burned every other build- ing in the vicinity. Riley found his tools where he had concealed them, and soon prepared to bring his family, and they were.' here in the wilderness a whole year alone. In the spring of 1702 he received a neighbor in the person of Daniel McMurphy,who be- gan a second settlement of Hillsborough, a mile or two off. But there was no other inhabitant in Antrim till the spring of 1700, when seven young men came, axe in hand, and made beginnings in the cast and south part of the town. One of them, .lames Aiken, moved his family here August 12. 1707, making the second family in Antrim. For two years Aiken and his family had a hard time. Often they felt the pinch of hunger. Bears and wolves prowled around them by day and by night. In October, 1767, his pigs running loose were killed and torn in pieces by bears. Very little could be raised from the soil the first year. The nearest neighbor was Riley, six miles off, in the north- east parf of the town. The winter following was long and severe. Aiken and his good wife (Molly McFar- land) lost a young child in February, 1708, the first death in Antrim. There were no minister, no group of assembled mourners, no coffin, no burial ground, no road, nor even a path ! The sorrowing father split out some rude boards from a log, and pinned them together with wood for a casket, and then the parents 254 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. covered the little dead form in it and fastened down the heavj lid, and Aiken carried away and buried his own child! Two months later, April 15, L768, Mrs. Aiken gave birth to a daughter,— the first American child born in Antrim. They named her Polly, and she died December 14,1862. She was a strong and noble woman, worthy to be the leader in the long and honorable line of Antrim's sons ami daughters. The first male child horn in Antrim was James Aiken, Jr., spring of 1772. V 1 1, . ■ l i carried corn to New Boston (sixteen miles) Or to Pel. al..,]-,, null (twelve miles) on his hack, to be ground, and used to speak of this in after-years as the severest of all the hardships he endured. He lived to see the town have a population of' thirteen hun- dred, with plenty of mills, and stores, and roads, and school-houses, and commodious, comfortable dwell- ings. He died July 27, 1817, aged eighty-six years. The third family locating in Antrim was that ofWil- liam Smith, who came in 1771, having purchased his land the previous year for tune cents per acre. He located near Aiken, and they lived in ureal confidence and love together till death. After they got rich enough to have oxen. Aiken bought a pair of Smith, and, not having ready money, wrote a note for the same. Smith said to Aiken : " I haven't any desk to keep it in, so you keep it till I call for it.'" Conse- quently Aiken kept flu- note till he was ready to pay it, and then gave it to Smith, at the same time paying it in full. And thus Smith could remember that the note was paid. The fourth family in Antrim was that of Randall Alexander, who came in the spring of 1772. The fifth was that of John Gordon, who made a be- ginning in the mirth part of the town, and struck the first blows in North Branch village. The sixth was that of Maurice Lynch. The seventh family was that of John Duncan, af- terwards "Captain John," ' ; Esquire John," " Deacon John " and " Honorable John ;" was a man of some rep- utation ; brought his goods in a cart — the first \\ heels ever driven into Antrim ; drove forty miles in this way, and arrived at the door of his log house, wilh wife and five children, September 20, 177:'.. He lived till February 14, 182.'!, dying at the age of eighty-nine. Was long time representative from the district of An- trim, Hancock, Deering and Windsor; was a member of the New Hampshire Senate, and was a stirring, earnest, cheery, wide-awake and honest man. In 1774 eight settlors and their families arrived in Antrim. This made fifteen families and about sixty- two persons in the town. All summer long the forests eeh 1 the strokes of the woodman's axe ami the crash of falling trees. Paths were cut out for roads. The grounds about the dwellings began to look like fields, and the new settlement was full of hope. But, in the spring id' 177">, the breaking out ..l the Revolutionary War greatly hindered the progress of the work. This was a frontier settlement. A terrible uncertainty pervaded everything. Every man iu Antrim capable of bearing arms was in the service more or less; but. in spite of all discouragements, sev- eral families moved here during the first year of the war. 1776 was a dark year for Antrim. Its population was about eighty, and of its men (about twenty in all), two, James Dickey and George Bemaine, were lost at the battle ..f White Plains, October 2s, L776. James Hutchinson was killed the previous year at Hunker Hill. Thus one-seventh of all the Antrim citizens bad fallen thus early in the war. lint in this, as in other dark years, the women of Antrim came forward and wrought wonders of courage and hard- ship. Boys became men in work and fortitude, shrinking from no task. So. in face of all obstacles, enlargement and improvement were noticeable in the town. This year (April 12, 1770) the colony of New Hampshire sent out for signature the following paper: " We. the Subscribers, do hereby solemnly en- gage and promise that we will, to the utmost of our Power, at the Risque of our Lives and Fortunes, with Arms, oppose the Hostile Proceedings of the British Fleets and Annies against the United American Col- onies ! " This was, in fact, treason against the most powerful government in the world. It places little New Hamp- shire three months ahead of the Declaration of Inde- pendence of the United States. And every man in Antrim "signed ! " This year (17761 the few people of Antrim sought to be incorporated as a town. This shows bow courageous ami hopeful they were, notwithstanding fewness, poverty and war. About midsummer they held a meeting and appointed Mau- rice Lynch, John Duncan and Samuel Moore a com- mittee to petition for incorporation. The petition was presented (September 4, 1776) to the Legislature at Exeter, and the usual notices were given to parties to appear for and against at the open- ing of the next General Assembly of the State. When the time came no opposition was made, and the act of incorporation passed through its several Stages, and bears date March 22, 1777. It was called Antrim from the old town by that name in Inland, occupied for generations by the an- cestors of the settlers here. The name was very dear to lb. Scotch. The settlers in Londonderry retained that honored name, and likewise the Scotch settlers here clung to that which was next most memorable and precious. The town of Antrim, Ireland, was the shire-town of the county of Antrim. It is a small town, but most beautifully located, sloping toward the lake ( Lough Neagh — lok na — ) about as Antrim, seen from the hills of Deering, seems to slope toward the Contoocook. Many a romance bangs about the old name. The signification of the name Antrim is " hab- itation upon the water-," which, as is obvious, was ap- ANTRIM. ii.->:> propriate to the old localities, both county and town. The inhabitants of these places in Ireland were nearly all Sent eli. with a strong dislike of the Irish, and the settlers in this town of which We write were almost entirely Scotch, and few of any other race came to Antrim for many years. The first town-meeting in Antrim was at the house of " Esquire John Duncan," May 1, 1777. Themeet- i 1 1 lt was called by said John Duncan. They were but a handful,— twenty-three, — but they had great hearts and great hopes. It had little resemblance to the crowded, noisy town-meetings of modem date. A kitchen fill of quiet, brave, noble, united men ! What a treasure a picture of that first town-meeting would be! John Duncan was (apparently) first moderator; Maurice Lynch, first town clerk; and Thomas Stuart, .lames Aiken and Kiehard McAllister, constituted the first Board of Selectmen. At this first town-meeting they " Voted to take Some Meatho.l to find a < lentor." This " Meathod " was by survey, and the "Centor" fixed upon was a broad common on the top of " Meeting-House Hill," — a high and commanding summit, from which nearly all the town could be seen. It seems to have been a little east of the real centre, and was a mile east of the geographical centre alter the enlargement of the town. They turned aside a little for the sake of building on the top of a high hill ! At this ''Center" they called a meeting (August 20, 1777) to clear ground for a liui th: burying-place and a "Spoot t< town-meeting was in the woods, under " A Read oak tree marked with the figure of Eight ; " there was no load, and out of the thick woods there was no open- ing from which a human dwelling could he seen ! They met at eight o'clock in the morning, each man bringing his axe ; in about half an hour the public business was completed, and then they " immediately went to work felling trees" on the " Acer, more or less." which now constitutes the old cemetery. They made rapid progress that day in laying the forest low. They were clearing the ground where their own bones were to lie ! Now the "Read oak tree marked with the tignre of Eight," and the meeting-house subse- quently built there, the highest landmark in the vicinity for fifty years, and several dwelling-houses built near the church, and those strong-armed voters themselves are all gone ! Only the stones placed at the graves of those noble men remain to identify the spot. The first saw-mill in Antrim was built by John Warren, at the Branch, in 177d. The fn-t grist-mill was built at the Branch in 1777, by James Moore, he- tore which ti the settlers all went to mill " to Hills- borough, Peterborough and New Boston." The new grist-mill was a thing of pride and satisfaction to the town, and brought more joy than a railroad or a gold- mine could bring toa town now. This year,also, An- trim had her first public highway, though " barely passable for horses," the same first road being merely a path "cut and cleared" from the ContOOCOOk River, by the "old road." now so called, to the Centre; thence over Meeting-House Hill to the "corn-mill" at tin' Branch; thence over the English Hill to Hills- borough. This year ( 1777) Antrim, with all her struggles at home, did not forget the suffering cause of liberty. One-fourth of those belonging in town capable of bearing arms were in the army part of the year, and those at home carried forward the "clearings" and paid the taxes id' those in the field. Several new settlers came this year, and altogether it was a lively year for Antrim, — the year of incorporation, healthy, toilsome, struggling, hopeful 1777! From this time to the close of the war the troubles of this small frontier town were many anil great. Poverty, depreciation of currency, absence of needed men in the army, the proprietors' resistance to the non-resident tax, war expenses, terrible winters, the "Dark Day," loss of money by a dishonest town treasurer, — all these, together with untold hardship in labor and perils of wild beasts, combined to make dark and heavy the trials of this company of settlers, "let flic town slowly gained in population each year. June I, 1781, Antrim had " fifty families or more." Early in 1 784 a question arose as to receiving a tract mi 1 he west of Antrim as a part of the town. Stoddard, then the must populous town in this vicinity, discovered that there was a strip of unclaimed and unincorporated land on her western border; and, thinking this tract more desirable than that on her east line, she laid claim to the western part, and ceased taxing an equivalent area on the east. The last-named part was untaxed one or two years. But after discussion all summer, Antrim voted (November 3, 1784) to "tax the Land Unclaimed by Stodder." And this has since remained apart of Antrim. In 17.S"' the town raised its first meeting-house, having become so weak and impoverished bj the war as lo he unable to do it before. The population of Society Land (Antrim, Hancock, Bennington and part of Greenfield) was one hundred and seventy-seven in 177">. In 17*0 the population of the town of Antrim was two hundred and eighty-nine. In 1790 the popu- lation of Antrim was five hundred and twenty-eight, nearly doubling in four years. But the population was not enough for Antrim to have a representative till 1798. Henniker, Hillsborough and Society Land, and afterwards Hennikei*, Hillsborough, Antrim and Society hand, formed a district till 1783, when a dis- trict was forme'], including only Antrim. Deeringand Hancock. For about fourteen years this district was represented by Hon. John Duncan, of Antrim, who resigned in 17% on being elected State Senator. The first store in Antrim was opened in the spring of]7xx. Previously the inhabitants went to trade to Amherst. New Boston and even to Londonderry. It was customary tor the women of this town to take the linen (doth, which their own hands had manufactured, 25ii HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. go to New Boston on horseback with it, ex- change the same for g Is or money, and re- turn the same day, seventeen miles ! And it did nut seem a severe day's work. A second store was opened in Antrim in 1789, and tin* two stores accommodated thepeople till the population of the town was more than a thousand. Trade was far less for the same number of personsthan now. as then their wants were few. They spun their own yarn and wove their own cloth of every description, and raised their own grain. The first barrel of flour was brought into Antrim in 1820. In the year 1800, Antrim, like other towns, was swept with the dysentery scourge. One week in August there were nineteen funerals. From July 2Md to September 2'!d (here were sixty-five deaths in this little community, mostly children. Fifty little graves made in the old cemetery that year are un- marked and forgotten. But still the population had increased in the fall of 1800 to one thousand and titty- nine. The largest population was in 1820, when it reached the number of thirteen hundred and thirty. At the census of 1870 it had dwindled down to nine hundred and four, since which date there has been considerable increase. It is now (January 1, 1885) twelve hundred and thirty-eight. As to religious matters, Antrim being settled almost entirely by Scotchmen of the Presbyterian faith, formed a church of that order. I'p to the year 1836 the town and church were united in action, the town, by vote, calling the minister and paying him out of its treasury, like any other town officer. He was called the "Town's Minister." The first town war- rant ever posted in Antrim had in it an article "To See What Money they Will Rease to Get preaching." The first sermon ever preached in the town was in Deacon Aiken's barn, September. 1775, by Rev. William Davidson, of Londonderry. Subsequently, for ten years, they had meetings in private houses, 1" ing too poor to build a church. They finally raised the frame of the building June 28, 178"', and held their first meeting within the uncovered frame the following Sabbath. It took them light years to finish the building! At the March meeting (1788) the town chose rsaac Cochran and John Duncan a committee to go to the Presbytery and ask them to organize a church in Antrim. In response thereto thc\ commis sioned Rev. William Morrison, of Londonderry, who came here and organized the Presbyterian Church August 2, 1788, with seventy-two members, being one- third of the adults then in town. Thus they were strong as a church from the first. But they did not succeed in settling a pastor to their liking till 1800, though constantly increasing in membership. Their annual sacramental seasons were times of great in- terest. Absolutely all the people attended. The whole town kept the preceding Thursday and Friday and Saturday with great strictness as "fast days." ing ministers were called in, and the long- , anticipated occasion was often one of great revival. In March, 1790, the town "Voted M r David Mleary Provide table I. inning, twelve y ■'-, 7-s :l " wide, at the town's < 'oast," the same being for the long communion tables in the aisles of the church. Each pastor sup- plied his flock with ''tokens." entitling them to ad- mission to the tabic. These were small, cheap lead coins. Those for Antrim were marked with the letter A. They ceased to be used hen- in 1824. A new church building was erected in 1826 and remodeled in 1857. The member-hip of this old church, now in its ninety-seventh year, numbers two hundred and sevi nty-four. Its pastorates have been as follows: Litt t.-, -ettl.'il S.pti-inl,. I :;, 1M»I; ri-J;lli'.l s, , „.„ l.r i. 1804. Rev. John M. Whiton, D.D., settled Septei 28, It January I, 1863. Rei JohnH Bates, settled March 16, 1863 ; resigned July 1, 1866. Rei Warren R Cochrane, began servia Jannarj 1, 1868, ind spasfoi at this date. A Congregational Church was organized in East Antrim October 25, 1827, but, being reduced in num- bers, it dissolved in 1843, most of its members uniting with the Presbyterian < Lurch. There is now a flourishing Baptist Church in An- trim, located at the south village. This church was organized at the house of Joseph Baton, inGreenfii Id, December 17, 1805. Their first meeting-house was in that town, and was built prior to 1812. In 1826 they had moved to Society Land (now Bennington) and had a meeting-house there. In April, 1851, they " voted to hold the meetings on the Sabbath half the tunc at Smith Antrim." February 6, 1852, they "voted to hold the meetings all the time at South Antrim," and this has since been the location of the church. They worshiped in Woodbury's Hall till 1871. Their pleasant house of worship was dedicated, free of debt, October 25, 1871. They have a parson- age, built in 1879. The church was built in the pas- torate of Rev. William Hurlin, now the efficient secretary of the New Hampshire Baptist Convention. The pastors of the Baptist Church since its removal to Antrim have been as follows : Rev. W. W. Lovejoy, Rev. W. Kimball, Rev. L. C. Stevens, Rev. William Hurlin (1866-73), Rev. E. M. Shaw. Rev. W. H. Fish, Rev. E. M. Shaw. Rev. Horace F. Brown. The efforts of the Methodist denomination in An- trim began in 1838. A class was formed at the Branch that year, which continued for a time. In 1840 a class was formed in South Antrim. In 1851, through the exertions of Rev. S. S. Dudley, the work was revived at the Branch village, and tin- two clas>es wet,, lit,, tight together into a church in 1852. The organization numbered fifty-one member-, and -i r- vices were held chiefly at the Branch. But in 18u-h this village. It lias also a dailj stage to the depot at South Antrim, four miles away. Branch village has a delightful situation on the river, has excellent water privileges sufficient for a large pla< i rounded by comely and protecting hills, and is quite a resort for summer boarders. "The Centre," now so called, is a small collection of buildings, hardly to be dignified by the name of village. It is located well down the southward slope of Meeting-House Hill, about half a mile from the .site of the old church. The beginnings here were made liy Benjamin and Samuel ( Tn-jr.ir. 1 7 7* '.77. It is about a mile southeast of the geographical centre of the town. The situation is sightly ami attractive, and in the summer is well thronged by boarders from below, as the popular summer boarding-house of Esq., is mar by. Her.- is also the board- ing-house of A. R. C. Pike. The Presbyterian Church, with its long lines of horse-sheds, the vestry, the town-house, school-house and eight dwellings (with barns') make up the buildings at the Centre. In Clinton village the first building was put up by Deacon Imla Wright, in 1828, lor a cotton-mill. Soon after several houses were built. Now there are twenty dwelling-houses (twenty-six families., six mills and factories, a store, blacksmith-shop and cooper-shop. There is also an undertaker's warerooms. This vil- lage 1 is one-half a mile south of the Centre, and is a thrifty, smart village, with excellent water-power. A variety of wares made from wood are manufactured here, isisting of bedsteads, cribs of various kinds, window-shades, spring-beds and pail-handles, he- sides threshing-machine, grist-mill, wheelwright-shop, cider-mill and saw-mill. But the chief village in Antrim is South village, formerly called W Ibury village, situated near the south line of the town and near the Com ;ook River. It has grown rapidly in the last ten years, and is now by far the largest. It is "beautiful for situation." being on a ridge rising from the wi st bank of the Contoocook, and seen for long distances from the hills around. It has many fine residence-. In it there are two churches, wheelwright-shop, silk-factory, two saw-mills, printing-office (where the Antrim Re- porter i- published), blacksmith-shop, six store-, banking-office, shoemaker's, jeweler's, harness-maker's, barber's, tailor's and tin-shops. Here also are theshi ips of the Goodell Company, which employ about two hundred hands, chiefly in the manufacture of cutlery. A grist-mill, '' Excelsior Shop," paper-box factory and several halls arc here. Here are flourishirj Masons, Odd-Fellows. Knights of Honor and Good Templars. Her.- are the headquarters of the Antrim Cornel Band. In this village there are two ministers two physicians and aboul one hundred and twenty families. Has excellent graded schools, streets are wide, some of them finely shaded; and every way this is one of the liveliest, smartest, handsomest, cleanest, healthiest and pleasantest villages to be found in New Hampshire. Antrim has been for seventy-five years a fruitful town to emigrate from. In every part of the land, and in all lines of business, their absent ons and daughters are found. They are of the solid, substan- tial and reliable kind. They have grit and grace. Farmers, mechanics, lawyers, ministers, teachers, merchants, manufacturers, engineers. — they stand high among the best in the land. Among Antrim's more conspicuous sons are these, — Mule Daniel M. eluisti,, LL.Ii . mi..- ut tie- ulil.-st lawv.-r- .-y.-i pro- duced iii V-w Hampshire. : ... w . N. -smith, LI.. P., judge- of the Supreme Court. ■ I W Ibury, judge of Probate, nominated for G but dying before election. Hod. Benjamin P. .'heti.-.v, ]:..-t m. Hon. Charles Adams, Jr Hen. A II. Dunlap, Nashua Hun. Jacob Whittemore, of the i,.i.tn..r. e , County Court l'!"l'"-"i .1 ~ |. \ , ,-. id, distinguished teacher and author. Professor Benjamin F. Walla.-.- rosepfa McKeen, I.1..I . New Koi > Professm- .laiu.-s W l'.iu I..T. P. .-si-lent X,\\ Yelk Tel Besides these, a lone list of ministers, doctors and lawyers might he given, of whom a large part are young and just entering upon their life-work. There is not room, in this brief sketch, to enter into details of the customs and privations of the pio- neers of this town. Among ..ur Scotch ancestry the drinking of liquor was universal. The minister was treated with the best drink at every house. Women drank as well as men. It was looked upon as a rightful and pleasant custom. In every hard job, planting, hoeing, haying, harvesting, they calculated to have plenty of rum. If a meeting-house was to be raised or a bridge built, the town always voted the proper supply of rum. The first barn raised in An- trim without rum was in 1830; and the first bouse built without rum was in 1845. It was considered a great calamity to get out of rum. If out when a friend called, they would detain him in conversation till a small boy could run to a neighbor's and borrow some rum. The most pious and devoted saw nothing wrong in this. Yet the number of drunkards and sots was small. Not half so many died from the ef- fects of liquor as at the present daj . The settlers of Antrim began here among untold privations. It was a day of beginnings. Young people got married without a dollar in the world. Jonathan would buy bis land at ten cents an acre on trust, go into tin- w Is and put up a rude log cabin with bis own hands, and at ..nee move his young wife there! In s ■ cases the whole family outfit con- sisted of a few scanty quilts, a fry-kettle and an axe- Mil.-, quently, in spare time, they made wooden bowls and plates, and enlarged their wardrobe by raising ANTRIM. sheep and spinning and weaving for themselves. In a way similar to this the majority began life in An- trim. But they were hardy, healthy, honest and persevering, and in the course of years worked them- selves into comfortable homes and g 1 circum- stances. Great, however, were the actual suffering and hardship of this people through the War of the Revolution, when the men wen- in the field, ami winters were hard, and snow was deep, ami neigh- bors were tar apart, ami women ami small boys fared cold and forest ami wild beast* under all pn-sibli- di-- couragements ! But the lone log cabin hidden in the snow kept safe its brave and much-enduring flock! The amusements of our fathers wen- of a kind to correspond with their religious, yet rough and ath- letic, training. They had neither money nor taste for convivial entertainments, and were no creatures of appetite or indulgence; but into physical sports they entered, young and old, with hearty zest. Wrestling-matches, ehopping-bees, piling-bees, log- rollings, huskings, raisings, trainings, musters and foot-races made up their entertainments. Ami some of these were noisy and dangerous pleasures. The entertainments of the ladies were of a correspondingly vigorous nature. We have no record of their meeting to fold their hands or make tatting. 1 Jut carding- bee-, apple-parings, quiltings, spinnings were among their leading pleasures when together. It was com- mon for the good mother to take her baby under one arm and her flax-wheel and flax under the other, and walk a mile to a neighbor's. When there, she and others coming in a similar way would set their wheels buzzing, and then chat together with voices that could he heard above the noise of twenty machines! Ami such spinning! It was perfect and marvelous in amount! And then, at sunset, each would take baby and wheel and yarn, walk home, get supper for a large family, "and wasn't much tired after all !" I have said that the founders of Antrim were all Scotch. They came from the north of Ireland; but thei] ancestors came thither from Argyle and Ayr, in Scotland. There was not a drop of Irish blood in them. In language, habits, tastes, education, reli- gion, history, capacity, bearing, manner of life, and general appearance, they were always distinct from the Irish. They prilled themselves on this distinc- tion. To call one of them a "Paddy," was to make yourself sure of being knocked down before the words were fairly out of your mouth ! These settlers were all, young and old, women and children, people marked with strong individuality. The Scotchman must think and decide for himself. There was a bold, cordial, honest, independent way with them all. They never kept others in the dark a- to their political or religious convictions. Yet, with all their self-assertion and personal independ- ence, they were humble and devout worshipers of God. Men they feared not ; God they feared. Though tolerant of others, they were still' Presbyterians themselves. The Bible was the hook for study ami conversation in every family. The children were thoroughly taught in it at home. They had a familj religion, and there was a bold open-heartedness in them which was an item of their religion. Manage- ment and craft and secret enmity they could not endure. Outspoken, square, fearless and honest, they settled everything immediately, and face to face. The) were quick-tempered and hard-tempered, and they resented an injury with tremendous force; but they had no sullen or secret malice. Moreover, the Antrim fathers were intensely set in their own way. They wanted light, and informed themselves and thought the thing out and made up their minds, and then it was counted about as easy to move one of the mountains round about them as to mo\ e one of those old yeomen out of bis opinion. They had a mortal hatred of " giving up! " They were a jolly, willy race, fond of repartee and g 1 cheer and practical jokes. They gloried in hard hits. There was nothing weak or timid about their fun. Jokes went round their companies as cut- ting as a keen blade, as heavy as a bard blow, and they roared and shouted in merriment together! flies,' hills of Antrim rang with their laughter in the day when the panther's howl answered back and the Indian's whoop echoed in the forest ! It is said the laugh of i he fathers of Antrim was glorious to hear! And theaged grandmother, in her chair in the comer, would deal her strokes of wit as keen as ever, and tell a story with side-shaking mimicry and zest ! Antrim was for many years an agricultural town, with much -razing and a fruitful, though rocky soil. But within a recent period the town has become dependent on manufacturing for its growth and wealth. There arc six saw-mills in town, as before intimated, two grist-mills, two threshing-mills, three wheelwright-shops, four blacksmith-shops, live crib and bedstead-factories, one silk-mill, besides the several mill- < nected with the cutlery-works. This last, under the name of the Goodell Company, is by far the largest industry of the town. Here are manufactured many kinds of flue table cutlery, which finds a large sale all over the land. They make also untold numbers of apple-parers, slicers, corers, peach- parers, cherry-stoners and seed-sowers, both of hand ami horse-power. This establishment furnishes em- ployment, directly and indirectly, for more than two hundred Antrim people, and pays to the pi ople thou- sands of dollars in cash every month. In all these industries, and some smaller ones not mentioned, a majority of the people of the town are now engaged. Farming has greatly improved herein the last ten years, hut manufacturing vastly more, and the farmer thrives all the better because of the mills that flourish near him. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. DAVID II. GOODELL.' The Goodells, Goodales and Goodalls, now so numerous in New England, are supposed to have all descended from R irtGoodell. (Forwhat is known of him and his descendants, see the sketch of the family and the line of descent of Levi Goodale, in this history.) Of the line through which the sub- ject of this sketch eame. we have the following in the Granite Monthly: 1. David G iell, who resided in that part of the town of Amherst now included in Milford. 2. David Goodell, a son of the above, who married Elizabeth Hutchinson, and lived in Amherst. 3. David Goodell, sun of David and Elizabeth, who was born in Amherst, September 15, 1774 ; married Mary Raymond, of Mont Vernon, anil settled in Hillsborough; removed to Antrim in 1844, and died in 1848. His wife died May 17, 1864, aged eighty- five. 4. Deacon Jesse R. Goodell, sou of David and .Alary, who was bom in Hillsborough, February 12, 1807, and removed to Antrim in 1841, where he still resides, and is a farmer. He married, first, Olive At- wood Wright, of Sullivan, who was born Februar) 28, 1807, and .lied June 13, 1*77. He married, second, Mrs. Ruth (Wilkins) Bennett. 5. lb.n. David H. Goodell, only child of Jesse R. and Olive A„ was born in Hillsborough, May 6, 1834, and removed to Antrim in 1841 with his father and mother, and still resides there. From the above it would seem that David was a favorite name in this branch of the family, as four out of live in direct succession received it. In "Sketches uf Successful New Hampshire Men " led of the mother of David H. Goodell that her parents were J r, and found it difficult to pro- vide for the numerous children dependent on them ; that when she was fifteen years old site left home for Boston to seek her own living. On reaching there she had just fifty cents in her pocket. Not finding employment in Boston, she went to Waltham, where the first cotton-factory in the country hail just com- menced operations. She obtained employment, and at the end of a year and a half visited her parents with forty dollars in her pocket. When she was married, eight years alter this, she had saved from her earnings five hundred dollars. The parents of David II. desired that he -1 Id fare better than they had. and that he should have a a I education. Hence, when he had learned what he could at the town school, he went for several terms to Hancock Academy, thence to New Hampton, and graduated at Franc, stown Academy in 1852. In the Rev. W. Hnrlin fall of that year he entered Brown University, at Providence, R. L, and took high rank as a scholar. In Latin he was marked within one degree of perfect, and he won a prize in mathematics. But in his second year his health failed, and he was obliged to return home. A year and a half on his father- farm restored him to health, and he taught school two terms at Hubbardston, Mass., one at Leominsti r. Mas-., and one at New Loudon Literary and Sci( utific Institution. But his health again failed, and he returned to An- trim with the intention of making tanning the busi- ness of his life. In 1857, however, the Antrim Shovel Company was organized, and he became its treasurer ami book-keeper, and in 1858 he was ap- pointed general agent of tin: company. In 1861 the company sold out to Treadwell .v. Co.. and Mr. Good- ell continued to act for them in the same position. In 1864 the late I takes Ames bought the business, including the patents of the now famous Antrim shovel, and removed it to North Easton, Mass. Mr. O iell now entered into partnership with Mr. ( leorge K. Carter, one of the firm of Treadwell & ( !o., and commenced the manufacture of apple-parers on a small scale. Having invented the "lightning applc-parer," it was put on the market through a New York house, who in two years S( ,],i ;l f e w hun- dred dozen, and thought they did well. In 1866, Mr. Goodell resolved to sell for himself, and in a tour of three weeks sold two thousand dozen, and thus made his invention known through the country. In February, 1867, the factory was burned, and as there was no insurance, it was a total loss ; but in six weeks a mw shop was in operation, and five thousand dozen apple-parers were manufactured and sold that year. In 1st!'.' the patent- o I' the ( 'ahoon seed -sowers were purchased, and these mac bines were added to the business. In 1870 a new trouble came upon the firm. The business of I ). H. Ooodell & C. was con- duct, d upon the cash principle; but the firm had unwisely indorsed notes for Treadwell & Co the partners being, as already stated, a member of both firms) to the amount of titty thousand dollars, and the failure of Treadwell & Co. necessarily led to the bankruptcy of 1). H. Goodell & Co. When the Antrim property was sold at auction Mr. G led bought it, and since then has been enlarging his bus- iness ever) year. In 1*72, Mr. Goodell joined in organizing the Woods Cutlery Company, at Bennington, and carried thai on in addition to his own private business at Antrim, and in 1875 both concerns were merged in the < Ii Company, of which Mr. Goodell is the general manager, and of which he owns nearly the whole of the stock. I b mpany manufacture all kinds of table cutlery, silver-plated, hot-water proof; and also numerous kinds of apple-parers, peach-parers, potato-parers, cherry-stoners, seed-sowers, both hand and hois, -i„, wer, and Robinson's hammock chairs. ^y&.^^^K jZzz^?^ '€^ The number of hands employed is about one hundred and seventy-five, and the pay-roll amounts to about fourteen hundred dollars per week. The business is conducted at Antrim, and there are factories both at Antrim and Bennington, which are connected bj a private telephone. In addition to his manufacturing business, Mr. Goodell is a practical farmer, and he has for many years managed the large farm which formerly he longed to his father, hut which is now owned by him. lie aided in organizing, and was for several years the president of, the < >ak Park Association for the encour- agement of agriculture and mechanical arts ; has been for a number of years one of the trustees of the New England Agricultural Society, and since bS7'J has been an active member ofthe Xew Eampshire Board of Agriculture. Mr. Goodell has also been active ami honored in public life. lie has served as school committee, town clerk ami moderator. In 1876, after a long con- test, he established his claim to have been elected as representative to the Legislature by the Republican party, and was twice re-elected, in 1X77 and 1878, and lie commanded the confidence of his colleagues to such au extent that no measure which he advocated was defeated, ami not one that he opposed was successful. The hill for the erection of a new State Prison was carried largely through his judicious ami earnest support. In 1882 he was elected a member of the t iovernor's ( louncil, and served his term of two years, from 1883 to 1885. At the Republican Con- vention of 1884 he received one hundred ami forty- six votes as the candidate for Governor, and was in reality the only candidate before the Convention he- sides the Hon. Moody Currier, whose nomination was made unanimous, ami who was elected. Mr. ' I lei] is also an earnest temperance worker, and has been vice-president and is now [president of the New Hamp- shire State Temperance Union. He is also tin-tee of Colby Academy, at New London. i >u September 1, 1857, Mr. Goodell married Hannah Jane Plumer, a daughter of Jesse T. Plumer, ofGoffs- town. Their children are. first, Dura Dana, born Sep- tember 6, 1858; and, second, Richard Carter, born August 10, 1868. The whole family are members of the Baptist Church in Antrim, Mr. Jesse R. Goodell having for many years been one ofthe deacons. From the foregoing it will be seen that Hon. David H. Goodell, though still in the prime of life, ha- won a position of considerable importance. His large manufacturing business is acknowledged to be the life of Antrim, and to exert a large influence in Penning- ton ; his farm is noted as a model of progress, his business credit is high, his general reputation good ami his private character unsullied; and it is no wonder that be occupies a place among the eighty-eight per- sons who are noticed in a work, published in 1882, entitled. "Sketches of Successful New Hampshire Men." HON. JACOB TUTTLE. The earliest record at hand of this branch of the Tuttle family is that of Samuel *, who was born in 1709. In 1729 he married Martha, daughter of Rev. Benja- min Shattuck, the first minister of Littleton, Mass. She was horn in 1712. Prom this union then- were nine children. Of these, the one in the line of de- scent was Sampson-', who was horn August 29, 1738. He married Submit Warren, who was horn November 23, 1742. Sampson 2 died June 7. 1815, and his wife July 21. 1797. They had fourteen children. Jacob 3 , the subject of this sketch, was born in Little- ton, Mass., February 6, 1767. His childh I was passed with his parents, and early in his career there were developed traits of character that gave unusual promise tor the future. He was a rugged, healthy hoy, and was foremost in athletic sports in his school- boy days. His educational advantages were limited. He attended the district school ami came to his ma- jority in full vigor and ready for life's work. June IN. 17'Jo, he married Betsey, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth (Trowbridge) Cummings, of Westford, Mass.. and, taking his wife on horseback, started across tie country for Antrim, X. H. He had saved a small sum of money, and with it he bought a farm in the northern border of the town. The old homestead is now occupied by James A., a grandson. Mr. Tuttle opened a store for general trade and soon had a large mercantile business, and also carried on farming on an extensive scale. In 1818 he moved his store to the Branch Village and resided there for many years, accumulating a large property. He soon became a leader in civil affairs and tilled nearly all the town offices, ami for sixteen years represented the town in the General Court. He was elected Stati 3en from District No. 8 in March. 1833. He was elected a member of Governor William Badger's Council in March. 1834, ami served two years. He was a mem- ber of the Electoral College in 1816. New Hampshire hail eight members at that time, who were elected by the Republican party and cast their votes for James Monroe for President of the United States. The whole vote of the State was 28,555, — Republican vote, 15,- 188; Federal vote, 13,367. Hewasalsoa "side judge" of the Court of Common Pleas, from which circum- stance he wore the title of "Judge Tuttle." Judge Tuttle attended the Presbyterian Church and was a liberal contributor for the support of public worship. He was a kind friend and a devoted husband and father. He died August 20, 1848. at the age of eighty- one years. His wife, who was greatly beloved for her many virtues, died January 28, lso2. Judge Tuttle had fourteen children: Betsey '.horn June 13, 1796, died September 13, 1800; Jacob, horn February 4, U'.'s. died September .".. IniiO; Nancy, bom January 17. 1800, died September 2.".. 1800; Betsey, horn July 13, 1801, died February 15, 1814; Nancy, born April 9, L803, died May 6, 1805; Submit R., bom April 21, 1805, married James Steel, died August 3, 1833; I i- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. cetta, born March 23, 1807, married John Sargent, died August 1, 1855; Louisa, born June 3, 1809, mar- ried Andrew C. Cochran, died January 11, 1849; Lydia S., born June I, 1811, married Hiram Griffin, died April, 1885; James M., born July 6, 1813, married Hannah Shedd, died December 5, 1861; Susan, born July 17, 1815, married Henry 1 >. Pierce, died October 20,1874; Harriet, bom August :i. L817,married David \V Grimes, died September 2, 1848; Isaac C, born September 1 1, 1820, married Louisa .1. Love and lives in Illinois; Mary E., the youngesl daughter, who places the engraving of her father in this work, was born May 15, 1823. She was married to John S. Shed, of New Bedford, Mass., May 20, 1846, and lives in Antrim. There were two children from this union, — Man J., born April 20, 1854, and Eliza A., born July ">, 1857. Mary died August 17, 1856. Eliza A. was married, January 1,1879, to Ruthven Childs, of Hills- borough, X. 11., and has one child, Carrie May, 1h.hi December 20, 1 879. MORRIS CHRISTIE, M.I'. Peter and William Christie signed the " Memorial to Governor Shute " (1718), but neither of them came in the Londonderry company that settled thattown in the following year. But Jesse Christie, probably the son of Peter, settled in Londonderry (now East Derry) about 1725. His wife's name was Mary, and they hail a daughter Mary, bom in Londonderry, June 1. 1728. Their son George (Captain George Christie, of New Boston) was born Octobei ■", 1731. From this Jesse and Mary probably sprang all the Christies of Hills- borough County. They were parents (there is hardly room to doubt) of Deacon Jesse Christie, who settled in New Boston, and was a man of high standing in that town, lie was chosen deacon in the Presby- terian Church there under the first pastor; was a man of strict business uprightness, and was pecu- liarly soeial and friendly ; was a farmer and mill- owner, having built the mills where afterwards the New Boston Paper-Mill stood. Deacon Jesse Christie married Mary Gregg, daughter of Samuel and Mary (Moor) Gregg and granddaughter of Captain James and Janet (Cargil) Gregg, which Captain James was our of iln- original sixteen who began in Londonderry in 1719, and was of mature years at that date. Deacon Jesse and Mary (( iregg) ( 'hristie had twelve children, — Jeane, Peter, Samuel. John, Mary, Eliza- beth, James, Mary Ann, Jesse, Robert, Anna and William. Several of these sons settled in New Bruns- wick about 1790, and their descendants have come to honor there. The mother of these twelve children was a noble woman, large in stature and large in heart, --"I r the most useful and energetic and capable women in that early settlement. The writer well re- mbers hearing old people who knew hei speak of her as "a devoted Christian, of great kindness ami full of g 1 works." Samuel Christie, third child of Deacon Jesse, was born in New Boston, February 20, 1764. He came to Antrim in the spring of 178s and bought a large tract <>f laud next east of the cemetery at the " Old Center," now knownas " Meeting-House Hill." Here he made his "clearing," and in the fall of that year he put up a small, low house, answering well for the times, and for temporary use. Near the close of the same year i 1788) lo- received a companion into his new and hum- ble home in the person of Xihiah Warren, daughter of Josiah and Jane (Livingston) Warren, of New Boston. Traditions say that she was "verj young and very fair." After a few years Mr. Christie built the large, old-fashioned tavern, with large square rooms, enormous fire-places and long dancing hall. Here he " kept tavern " the rest of his days. There was then considerable travel through the town, it be- ing before the day of railroads. There was large busi- uess on training-days and town-meeting days; and on Sabbath-days the hearersof Rev. Dr. Whiton came over from the church near by to warm up with the subject. Samuel Christie died October 25, 1818, leaving eight children, among them Hon. Daniel M. Christie, LL.D., of Dover; Josiah W. Christie, Esq., of An- trim ; and Mary Christie, for fifty-five years a mis- sionary in Ceylon, as wife of Rev. Levi Spalding. Dr. Morris ( 'hristie, the subject of this sketch, was the son of Josiah W. and Mary (Bell) Christie, and was bom in Antrim August 29, 1832. His fatherwas farmer and carpenter, a great worker; and the son had his full share, enjoying, however, from time to time, the Hunted advantages of the district scl I. Afterwards he attended the academies at Franceston u, Washington and Hopkinton, each for a time. Hav- ing had, from childhood, a desire to be a physician, in the summer of 1856 he took up the study of medi- cine with the late Dr. Thomas Sanborn, of Newport, N. H. In the autumn of the same year he attended a course ofi lical lectures tit Dartmouth College. Through tile summer of 1857 he again studied with Dr. Stillborn. In the fall of 1857 he went to New- York and attended lectures in the University of New York till the time of his graduation, March, 1859. At once 1 utered < 'hariu Hospital as assistant phy- sician, remaining there a year, May 1,1860, he be- gan practice in his native town, which he has con- tinued with gratifying success till the present time. His practice reaches into all the adjoining towns, and he has fairly won a leading place in his profession. He is one having honor "in his own country," a lib- eral giver, a worker in every good cause, of strong, earnest convictions, a man characterized by large- heartedness, outspokenness and Christian principle. Dr. Christie married Susan S. Hill, daughter of George W. and Sabrina (Woodbury) Hill, id' Johnson, \'t.. Julj 22, 1863. They have one son, George W., born Augusts, 1868. ^tUS*^^ ^7^ / l^C^ &5L- ANTRIM. 2 new post, however, when 264 HISTORY OF lllULSllOliOUCII COUNTY, NEW II AMPSHIRE. he was again prostrated with malarial disease and forced to return home on leave of absence. His resignation was -'.on after tendered to the surgeon- general, and accepted <>ii the ground of physical dis- ability. His services a- medical officer in the Union army covered a period of nearly an entire year. Actuated by the same zeal that first prompted him to look beyond hi- own country tor sources of profes- sional improvement, he repeated from time to time hi- \ tsits to Europe, making the acquaintance of the Leading men in the several departments of the profes- sion, and gathering from them new and advanced idea- and suggest] m-. which, as opportunity offered, he afterwards illustrated in his own practice at home. In tlii- connection it i- but just to remark that, in a partment of surgery, his name has of late hecome particularly prominent. In ovariotomy, one of the gravest and most formid- able operations known in surgery, he has acquired an enviable distinction, both in Europe and America, — a distinction the more honorable from having been reached in spite of a strong prevailing prejudice against the operation on the part of the profession at large, and a still more pronounced opposition from many of the leading surgeons in his own vicinity. This opposition, however, has at last been fully over- come by the success that has crowned his large num- ber of operations, numbering at the present time three hundred (a number larger than that of any other surgeon now living in this country), so that at the present day ovariotomy is no longer a procedure which well-informed -urgeoii- presume to denounce; and as regards its beneficent results, il i- now recog- nized as the most important within the range of legitimate surgery. Although his connection with the operation above referred to has limited in some degree hi- general practice, on account of extraordinary demands upon hi- time, the record of his professional life of fifty years shows that during this period he has performed all the important operations naturally incurring in the line of surgery. Among the most notable of these may In- named two amputations of the hip-joint, one of them successful; exsection of the elbow-joint, fol- lowed by a new formation of the same, the patient ultimately recovering its use, so that he was enabled to serve in the Union army as an able-bodied soldier; ligation of the internal iliac artery, fatal on the nine- teenth day from secondary bleeding; of the external iliac, the femoral, for aneurism, the common carotid and subclavian arteries, all successful. Besides tin three hundred cases of ovariotomy already alluded to, he has extirpated the uterus twelve time-, with six recoveries. Of the contributions to medical literature, the most important relate to ovariotomy and uterine extirpa- tion, — first, eases illustrating certain points in practice tending to relieve the operation of some of its most serious dangers, Boston Medical and Surgical ./"«/■- nal for 1*74 and L876, and Transaction* oj the American Gynecological Society in Boston, 1 s 7 7 ; second, case of uterine extirpation, notable as being according to Koeberle id' Strasbourg, the first on record where the operation was ever proposed and successfully performed upon a correctly established diagnosis. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1855. Paper on the "Treatment of Uterine Fibroids by Electrolysis or Galvanism," Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, January, 1*71; paper on the "Ex- tirpation of the Uterus," read before the American Medical Association at Chicago, June, 1*77. He became member of t he Massachusetts .Medical Society in L832, received honorary degree of M.D. from Williams College in 1837, elected Fellow of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Univer- -n\ of New York March, 1843, received honorary degree of M.D. from Yale College in 1 856, honorary degree of A.M. from Dartmouth College in L839, elected member of the American Gynaecological Society in 187*, and president of the same in 1882. In 1878 he was elected vice-president of the Massa- chusetts Medical Society. He has been twice married, — Hist time to Mary Dewar, eldest daughter of Dr. Henry Dewar, of Edinburgh, Scotland, and second time to Isabella Defries, daughter id' Henry I. Defries, of Nantucket, Mass. HISTORY OF BEDFORD. The town of Bedford lies in the eastern part of the county, and is bounded as follows: North by Goffs- town, East by Manchester and Litchfield. South bj Merrimack and West by Amherst and New Boston. This town was one of the Massachusetts grants of 17:::-;. made to the surviving soldiers of the King Philip's War, including deceased soldiers' heirs, and was called Narragansel No. 5, also Souhegan East, and was under the government of that province until the settlement of the line, in 1741. Ii was in- corporated by the government of Now Hampshire May 19, 1750, and named in honor of the Duke of Bedford, who was at thai time Secretary of Stale in the government of George the Second, and for many years Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland. The first settlement of the township was in 17-"7. As early as the winter of 1735 a man by the name of Sebbins came from Braintree, Mass., and spent the winter in what was then Souhegan East. He occupied himself in making shinnies, and the spol he selected for his purpose was south ol the old graveyard, be- tween that and Sebbins' Pond, on the north lii f a piece of land that was owned by the late [saac At- wood. In the spring of the year he drew his shingles to Merrimack River, about a mile and a hall, on a hand-sled, and ratted them to Pawtucket Falls (now Lowell). The pond already noticed, and a large tract of land around the same, still goes by his name. In the fall of 1737 the first permanent settlement was made by Robert and James Walker, brothers; and in the following spring, by Matthew and Samuel Patten, brothers, and sons of John Patten; and soon alter by many others. The Pattens lived in the same hut with the Walkers until they built one of their own. near where Joseph Patten used to live. They commenced their first labors near the bank of the Merrimack, on a piece of ground known as Patten's field, about forty rods north of Josiah Walker's ham. The Walkers were immediately from Londonderry, N. H. The Pattens never lived in Londonderry, though they belonged to the company ; they were im- mediately from Dunstable. The lather, John Patten, with his two sons, Matthew and Samuel, landed at Boston, stopping there but a short time ; thence they came to Chelmsford, and thence tu Dunstable, where he stayed till he came to Bedford. The second piece Of land cleared Wits on the Joseph Patten place, the field south of the first pound, where the noted old high and Hat granite stone now stands. With i'vw exceptions, the early inhabitants of the town were from the north of Ireland or from the then infant settlement of Londonderry, X. H., to which they had recently emigrated from Ireland. Their ancestors were of Scotch origin. About tin- middle of the seventeenth century they went in < - siderable numbers from Argyleshire, in the west of Scotland, to the counties of Londonderry and Antrim in the north of Ireland, from which, in 1718, a great emigration took place to this country. Some arrived at Boston and some at Casco Bay. near Portland, which last were the settlers of Londonderry. Many towns in this vicinity were settled from this colony. Windham, Chester, Litchfield, Manchester, Bedford, Goffstown, New Boston, Antrim, Peterborough and Aeworth derived from Londonderry a considerable proportion of their first inhabitants. " .Many of their de-cendauts." -ays Rev. I »r. Whiton. in his history of the State, "have risen to high re- spectability; anion- whom are numbered four Gov- ernors of New Hampshire; one of the signer- of the Declaration of Independence'; several distinguished officers in the Revolutionary War and in the last war with Great Britain, including Stark, Reid, Miller and McNeil : a president of Bowdoin ( lollege, some mem- bers of Congress, and several distinguished ministers of the gospel." President Everett, in his " Life of General Stark.'' thus notice- the colony.- ■- • ■■ ]. ■-■■■ii.tr, I hum th.-Siuhh I ivsl.yt.rians, who. Ultln I'lJll 1 .:.:.!,.-. ■ i ■■.[,a.||-!i.il in Il.-l.ui.l. Lilt v ; , Willi lliltinll.lt 1. I,. i. lt\ a fllUI-ll. Ii.ll.-f n.irli.l ill ;l,v ( ir,l;,l|,v will, til*' populai i."iii in [reland noi with thai of it- English mi tern, and dig- lik ill- tin' ill- III ill inn- ,,i full,, ami nut, ileteriuiiie.l to Seek :i -i iMi-luriil i" A inn. The first partj came over in 1718, and led the way in a set- tlement on Merrimack Kiver, 'II.. > «... -ii.no - .|..i inalart;. number of their oiilitl yiiii.il. '.\ In. I.e.uiilil Willi tIliii Hi.- .11 I i,! Wri.vm- linen, ami first introduced the culture "1 the |mf.ito int.. thin part of Ainerira. mi.] funiisheil from their families a lai-i. iiuinl,. i ,,t Mi,, pi..- i is ■■! . o ih / iM.ui in NVu Hampshire, Vermont an. I Maine; andeome of the iimst useful mill distinguished i itizens of all these slates." HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. These quotations will not, ii i- hoped, be though! i onsidered how large a pro 1 Ij inhabitants of the town were of Scottish origin. Thej were, as thej arejustlj repre sented in the address of Colonel Barnes, a well-priu cipled, frugal, hardy and industrious people, who brought witb them a sound attachment to religious institutions. a copy of tin- petiti foj -overnor »nd I om- ■ to emigrate. II was no world 1} diowed thtratof loloarmenl* >„■ to this western n Id, I . down in tin A few years after the 6rsl settlemenl the inhabit- ants petitioned to be incorporated, and in 1750 the town, whirl, had been called Souhegan E ist, 01 \ u ragansett No. 5, was incorporated under its present name and within its present limits, its territory orig- inally extending south to Souhegan River. A l' ril "• l7|s ' Cover ■ Wentworth informed the Council of " the situation of a number of prisons inhabiting a place called Souhegan East, within this province, that were without any township or district, and had not the privilege of a town in choosing offi- cers for regulating their affairs, such as raia for the ministry ." etc. "' i"" 1 "'" pleased toordei thai th, - ' powered to call meetings ol the s'd inhabitants' at "''"'' "'■ ""' S ''' "' l '-' 1 " ' ol .,1 :,„> ,n.-|i taken .,- ., gram ,., . ■ 11,1 to II, ,- soil ili " 1 '" 1 ""'""'•i that Capt. John Gone, ',. ,.,n the '"-' nieeting.by a written notification, posted up al tluinhalutanls. , i o,..,.|,„ u . ,,, ' '--- .,11,1 .no to follow tl„. rule.- I' , , ther ,. PI i inns FOB tNCOHPORATIOK "To in- I . ..;■.. Esq., , Provinc, oi v i rtsmouth, May " !1 : ofSouhe, in But ' >Hed, Sheweth, Tl,,t , , i'Iom", 1 '. "'„'"""", m\\ i""ri!'o,lh'l '"'' " '■''"" "■' '" '■"'■'■ 'l'os< Blinisol II .,.» ,1 I .OIVlo,. """ '"' '" r " ' ;l "'" , '""-" i ' ■'■'" ""■ -""I <■■ in,or|.or.,t, „. „„,.., ,..„„ " ' '' ' '" "' ' ■ mlnlbiMuts -|io„|,| |. , '"> m.-i.IiI.oiim I,., i, I ,., ,,,| ||,., , ,|,„. same libenj , tlonera shall evei praj *, '• Samuel Miller, \* illiam U ■. John Biddell, Thomas I Matthew Little, - M . K, nnedy, ' HAR1 : , VN EAST INI Friday, Maj the LSth, ;, 1 •'"-""• '!"-l'.ir,l Wibird, Samuel Smith, '"' > ' l " , ' r - «"'"»" >'■■ ,ted l,v John Gone Esq - IVtiti.m, and agrooing where the lin, with the advic, Patten, t •• Opon which the Council ,li,l ui John Bell, J, lie U i I liomai i John Hi Dugle, Samuel Patten, \ 1, v mdei w alker, Gan i: in Smith, and Mr, San der to obtain Incorporation f»r us, llMfllt '"' lv ^"-"! «''■■■■■■ ->ipj..-it.i.. it .,,,, there be, and i; Fergus Kennedy, Quige, Patrick I... John Orr, John M, or Ja - Little, Robert Gilui 1'aVi'l II ipsot), James M, i, Daniel Moor. John Clark, Robert Walkt r, Mattloo I Dated U The petition was copj Detractions from ".l>MI- I Great Brittain, France i aith, a, ,1 Land with- 1 '" ■■«<■<- "I. I -mac H,,^ I,h ''"" , tMdKequeetedtolv. r 1 r I'»>at.~l into A 1 '■' Towiw, within Out sdPr » b, Law M well asol the Inhabitants 1 r otin 8 *'" ■ I'h.Esq. .".„, "'•>' l: '-"d and Ordained, \,„1 b, these "•'""■' ***"■ "'""' ' i,,» .i,., ti... BEDFORD, in i . ..; ' •• I., ,: th '' '!■ Hi • cti nd thai u of the West i" Run Norl prove the a hi i eafti l i lai ■■ thn ■ River, at John Chui n Needle, to Men .1, R i l H I West, aboul thn i I d in ow-Hi Vest Euel coi Ll III n, ,,1 im.ii 1. ■ . I I , I II, \.,l II, \\ I I M, i i Needle I- Mel Li I, I Bouthei i>, i , i:. tin ll", 1. An, I Ia tin,- I'; nlii, ll. il,, , I ,| '.' , . I.y tin- \, ulir ,,l Bedford, with all tin I'- r.r. .i,-.i.m", Immunities, . . I.,,,.,:.,, ,,,i i, I n. .. Ever, Always i i I , ,i ' ' ,i II, n ,u„l .„ ■ Ml \\ lni. I'm, i hall horeaftot (irow and be, on the »d 'I ra. i ol Lan I, in I le 1 p., wit nf dividing tli" -I Town, I,. I -, Hi ii shall appi ,u i | i ,| Hi, i,,ii, ,i,ii- ndcrsto id, and i- din ;ly h clared, that the privati Property ol theSoil isinnomai be affected in tin- Chat tot i ithin Our said l'|,, Mil, ,- ill V-n lI.,iM|, I, in .in-, I.. II,, ■ 1,,,,, il ,,|. |,,,, :i l,],,,l an, I Authorized to Assemble, ami in H.. Offli i i iti m -i in tin i V.:n n ,n ,,,■! \|.|„,n,l |,,ln. I mil", lm, , |,, I ,,|| ||,. | (l i mta, to It held within the ad Town, atanytime within i i . . 1 , ■ h, tin \ ii i, ii., i Mei ting in -I Town shall be held foi the ' i i ol To , Man ll, -il ally. : ■ Oui d I'ro in ■■ the nineteenth In.-, ol May, in the Ifeai ol Oui Lord Christ, Oni thou u dred and fifty, » n. v. , The French War. Colonel John Goffe was in the French War in L756, and was in command of our i ae pi Mini. The following were also in the war from this town : William McDougal Gi orge I >rr, Robi rl Bolmi -. 'I homaa VIcLaugh Patterson, James Patterson, Nathaniel Patterson, John Orr and John M •, the lasl of whom was taken prisoner al Fort William Henrj and carried to nee to 1 I ehe n turned home. In 1760 -i i< mi hi hundred n to join tin expi Canada. This regiment « lolonel John I roffe,ol Bi dford, and, in I tct, was made up, in a great measure, of men from the neighboring towns in 1 1 ,,l Roe! ingham ' ' -.Hi' had his rendezvous at Lytchfield, n of Hill borough < lounty. Captain James Walker was engaged in this war, from L760 to 1763, as a sutler undi i I oloni I John Goffe, his father-in-law. In 17m he wa captain of a troop of horse by Governor V\ the commission, dated March I. L764, and signed bj If., secretary, and Ii. U', i town in I in odore Atkinsoi worl Ii, i "i\ ii noi . i ervation. Revolutionary War.— 1'Ih; first reference town records to the War ot the Revolution date of January 16, 1775, led,— To ad ol the I ontlnental Congres i i] I D \i and Li. " ' "'"'. Thai wi will boai oui pro] h thi otl Hi" I'rovinci , foi [phio, loth ol Ma; i 11 ""i -.in .. ■ ■ i ,, mo i d I- fun ii- i.i "To rui -in, m ■. " GcntleilH " 'I In in- ,nn ,n ' il. In- I., il, ni mill"" tfJ :- ' lie I, i, i"i .mi I there, aD h .,, and 'i i 1 1 ,, ulting meaau ■ .■ melancholy int. Ill I, . bo. n i ' ' I'.'tw.-.ni ll., I p i, ,,,], , i;,.,, '"- " Baj 'i I- imp ■: . ,, i , 1 ii- Provincial I ai'i- i.'.|.i.„l,..l, iiiBlanll, , , I. "'I, , t« , I n i foi -ni safety. ■ ■ ■ . i' i "i thi ' ' ...ni- , ' M"il :■.- 177 ■ I,/.,'. Sell i i.m ... ..,|,,, in, : - ill i" - ,; . I- , . !,,,,, .,- ii,, tOWn I'hat the town pay ten dollars to ei ...I, in July last, i dolltti for ; i ii served ... II." Coi 18 I,, I lln- yeal 1777, Bgri.mal.ln I.. .. |,i. i.-pl I,, n- .|i,.-. 1-,| rohn M. ,, ' iprll I". 1777. I ,.',"' . ., , bounty : . .ntini -in i m i ■ : town, from Winter-hill ..,%,.■. SToil i in, ,,, , n, .',,,,,, I,, i n„.„, , ".!,.„. 15 11 I hn, al Hi.- I.. i. n pi t,. supply Hi i; -'..I, n |ii- ■ . il .1," , mm I,, lln- I,,,; n, ,1,., in-- j. I 'mill.., [,';,! ' , "asm" .■ ciation of paper money al that time : mom •- i" ! ! ■ ■ "Septembei i i . . . ■ j i I ■ support ..f HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. We only add the following to the votes relating t<> this interesting | i "July 10, IT*:;. VoUdi— We will nol proceed to busini The following are extracts from the journal of Hon. Matthew Patten : •■ \j.iii 20, 1775. I n i eired H e melan holj u m, I i 1 killed a largi generally met at tin- m< id twenty of our men went directly oil I i Ami our boh John come I i.,i l mi i :u my to-morrow morn i ml. ■■■■ ■■''■ night baking bread and ii\in Dobbil 1 ■ Hi six ]'i.»i 1 i(.; M t1stitnn, and I ■ to 15 in all. Suncook in. n and two 1 tlirin marched on in about an hour alter ; they amounted to '.'■■>. There w:i.« mm- men v. '..;.. ...■ , . I'. n:r. i i < 'handler's man, with a ately. Ami 1 went with it as fast as I could toJohi B i ty, ind both the oth< i Selectmen. " ji. I went ami notified on the Rv '■ al the meeting- Ii..iiSi-, on mil public ili-tr. -v>. Ami I went to Col John Com-, to ask his ■ "25. I went at the service of thi town, to Col Goffe.and Merril, at and cautioned them I ■ persons suspected oi being lories crossing the river by ferries ; to ex- : . I -..: nine flints front . ..i, for which I paid him 11-. 8d., old tenor. "July 23, 1777 11m- .\ .M-i]:>to .ii ■ .f Ti: ■ nli-i.^.i I paid advanced rough Si n & The following is a list of Revolutionary soldiers who went from this town : Major John l i ! ■ Vikeu, Captain Thus, Mebau-hliu, l.i'-ntenant.lolin 1'atten, John Patten, Jr.. Saiu'l Pal- ten, Ja*. I'attrn, Robert Patten, Hugh Campbell John Gault, Isaac Eid- . |1, . John Kiddle, Aim ■i Thornton (died in -■ Chandler (taken at the iVdar- and never alter heanl ..) '■ - l ■ Jolm Callahan killed.'. .I.nii.- Mo.., . 1 ;,,!.,• inewell, John I 'a Id Well, ' i r r i r i ■_: , William Parker, J- dm Kellen. J. dm Mc ■ nel McCain, John Griffin, Luke Eagan, Solomon Kemp (killed), John i | : , (killed), George Hogg. John liaid- Samuel Fugard, William Newman, Thomas Mc- •l.i-,., \:,tl,.,mel Spott..nl. Koli.-it I>"Wl pie ; killed i. Patrick I.aikm William Houston, Hugh Jam* son, Vt hitfield Gilmon, John Bell, James Houston. Valentine Sullivan < taken in the retreat fr m. ' a priM.nei K \\ iliiam Kerr, Jr., David Drr, John Rosa, Moi i 111, Josiah Tun-ill, Patrick M pi j Pati O'Fling, i rii I Uatl - I - dattln ■•-.-. William Caldwell, John , Boies I taki n prisonei aid carried to Lim theme to Mill i Viken, John Mauahan, Thomas Lancy, w ilii i i c Houston, J James Smith, J hi Ru (wounded , The following soldiers wen- with Lieutenant John < )rr at the battle of Bennington, under < reneral John Stark. J. dm P.ai n. -it, Minii.l Ii- ■ ■ i ball through [tun,?, .l.o.e- Walker, William Me- ■ Wam Smith, Jolm Wallace. .' Samuel McArlee ii. .1 . Uobeil Matthews, 1-ae Houston, Hugh Kiddle, ■ Very few towns, probably, furnished a l;u of men for the Revolutionary army. The following connected with the Revolution i> a curiosity and shows that in those days constituents felt at liberty to instruct their Representatives. "Bedford, May 31, 17*;;. at the General Com ■ 1 Hampshire :— -Although we have full ■ your fidelity and public : eive that you w..uld at all tin- onh as tend to the public a i. yet, up n the particular occasion of our :■,-, i M. mm. \. ii, we i -le'eive that it. will be an i sentiments fortified by those of your e..n.-titn. i,i-. ' The occasion is this ;; the return of those persons to this country who are known in Great Britain by the name of loyalist, but in America by ] i tries : tiiat you use your influence that these persons do not re- i.iiiii I.. dwell among us, they not de- serving favor, as they left us in the righteous can fighting for our undoubted rights and liberties, and as many of them acted the part of the most inveterate enemies. «' And further.— that they do not receive any favor of any kind, as we esteem them as persons not deserving it. but the contrary. "You are further directed to use your influence, that those who an* already returned b- treated aecrding to their d. -serfs. '•John Kami, ', A Committ.*.- chosen May 28th, by ■■.:'}. i thi Towd of Bedford, to give in- "Joii.v Bell, I structions to their '. The following interesting item in Revolutionary history is from the "American Archives/* compiled by Peter Force, Esq., and printed at the expense of government, by order of Congress. It is a circular, addressed to the selectmen of each town in the col- ony of New Hampshire, with the signatures from each town, to a declaration of attachment to the American cause. As the document is of considerable value, we subjoin it, so far as relates to Bedford, — "Colony of N. Hampshire, Ac—Committee of Safett. "April 12, 1776. " To the Selectmen of Bedford :— In ordei to carrj the underwritten resolve of the Honorable Continental Congress into .-xecution, you are [■e.pieMr.l I- 'i- >..i!-..f age (lunatics, :. the Declaration mi C when so done, to make return thereof, togeihei with the name or names of all who shall refuse to sign the I d Assembly, or ■ "M. W i i ■ KORESS, March 14, 177*1. everal Assemblies, < Jou- ventions and I'oiin.ils, or Committees ol Safety, of the United Colonies, inline, iKiteH to e;mse all j.ei .-■ >n- i . . i <- di-armed. within their respective i .iniiies. who are notoriously d^atie.-ted to th. ■ li.-.ive not : l --o,'i;ile.l, and refuse to as.soniite, to defend 1 ■ \ Arms, the t'ni- h. .stile attempts of the British Fleets and I fi .in the Minutes, In ATS. n. Secretary.' oental Congress, and to show our determination in joining our American Brethren, in defending the lives, liberties and prop, ities of the inhabitant? of the United Colonies, We, the Subscribers, do hereby solemnly engage and that \ Mil, BEDFORD. 1^9 Signers in Bedford. John Wallace, Jr., James Caldwell, William Caldwell, James M.it- thews,John Harrison, John Aiken, Adam Dickey, Matthew Patten, John Moor, John Moor, Jr., Thomas Matthews, Robert Griffin, John Burns, Robert Burns. WiUiam Burns, John Brien, V Lilian) Moor, James Hi uston, John McKi >. Asa Barnes, S lei Ii trill, Ji , Wil 1, ,,,, Kennedy, Robert Morrel, Andrew Walker, Nathaniel P i- B iberl Matthews, James Vose, G -" Comeray, Hugh Campbell, James McAllister, John McLaughlin, Joh irdner, Lmaiiah Pollard, James -.i-i I, , - All,. II, W'liitliel.l i.ilnl , J.ii.i. > Siinlli, J-Im. ". l-.i l,.i- t'.nii. .1..I.11 Moor, James Wallace, Ji 9 -Hardin, - 1 J. ,|,n Riddle, Samuel Patten, Jolm llm.-, .1. - l.j.ni, ' I ■'• B '■ ' : ' ' Wallace, B ibert Walker, James Walker, I'.nrkk 1-irUin. .Jolm Viek.ir.v, William McCleary, Jowph Bell, Sami I . ■ I las V. Voae, James Carnes, Samuel Patten, Hugh Orr, John Mcintosh, Ja i McQua i ,hn Little, Thomas Gault, Thomas Boies, Samuel Vose, William Whit I ph Wallao Lieutei E John Moor, Joseph Hous- ton, Daniel Si William M David Met lary, James Pattereo . Matt ■« UcDuffie, rboi McLaughlin, Benjamin Smith, Zechariah Chandler, Richai I Mi Ulister, John S h, .lames Little, CHAPTER II. tEDFORD— {Continue To gather up the records of the past and present, and faithfully transmit them to the future, is a duty which one generation owes to another. Especially is this true with reference to the history of God's people, whose experiences of faith afford an illustration of Di- vine grace and mercy. The early struggles of the church of Christ in the New World, its growth and development amidst all the adversities through which it passed, its aspect as a moral and spiritual power in the land during this centennial year, with the grand future which seems to open up before it, are points of ever-increasing in- terest as the lapse of time brings us nearer to the glorious consummation. A general interest attaches to the history of the New England churches. In all the great cities of the West, and in every village and hamlet, aretobefound the representatives of these old New England towns. To them, as well as to ourselves, the history of the church in which their early lot was cast, and within whose walls there cluster so many precious memories, must ever be a matter of absorbing interest. To gather up these recollections of the past as connected with the Presbyterian Church in Bedford is the object we have at present especially in view. This task is the more pleasing from the fact that in all its history this church has sustained an hojnorable record. Its early struggles, the blessings of Divine grace which have been visited upon it, along with the general character of its ministry, alf'ord us material for the most pleasant retrospect, and give us facts to make up a history which no church need wish to forget. The Presbyterian Church in Bedford claims a com- ItlMnl I- ll Lli-i',rlllS,>, nion origin with those who planted the venerable church in Londonderry, N. H. Although the date of its organization is a few years later, yet the most of the original settlers came direct from Londonderry to Bedford. In the original memorial to Governor Shute, of Massachusetts, dated 1718, wherein the memorialists, " Inhabitants of ye north of Ireland," requested encouragement to come to this country and settle, we find many names of those who were closely identified with the early history of this town. They trace their origin, therefore, back to Scotland, and to Scottish Presbyterianism. Their ancestors were the men who came from Argyleshire, in 1012, to the counties of Ulster, Antrim and Londonderry, in the north of Ireland, who were foremost in the memorable siege of Londonderry, by which the Papal restoration in England, under James II., was successfully re- sisted; and who, bavin- thus fought for their liberties, especially for the liberty to worship God, refused con- formity to theChurch Establishment, am! chose rather to suffer the privationsof a lite in the wilderness than yield to the dictation ofa persecuting hierarchy, While the most of the early settlers of Bedford were thus ,.! Scottish extraction, receiving the title of Scotch-Irish, because of their temporary residence in the north of Ireland, there was, also, a Puritanical element in tin- early settlement of the town. The government of Massachusetts, claiming jurisdiction over the province of New Hampshire, gave to the soldiers who fought in the Indian War of 1075, com- monly knowai as the Xarragansett War, grants of land in various places in Massachussets and New Hamp- shire. These grants of land were numbered from one to seven. No. 5 comprehended all the territory of the present town of Bedford, with that portion of the town of Merrimack lying north of the Souhegan River and west of the Merrimack, with so much of Manchester as is embraced within the present limits ofPiscataquog. These lines were altered at a more recent date. The tract of land thus assigned t., the Narragansett soldiers received the name of Souhegan East. A few of the original proprietors only became actual settlers, the others for the most part selling out their rights to those who were willing to enter and occupy the bind. Those who came were mostly from towns in the vicinity of Boston, and were probably of Puritanic extraction. But the Scotch-Irish element, in a short time, largely predominated. The Scotch-Irish and Puritans, however they may have differed in national characteristics, made com- mon cause in religious principle. The sain persecution which drove the Puritans from England forced the Presbyterians of the north of Ireland to seek for freedom and independence in these western B ilds. They were alike men of deep religious convic- tions, and made the service of God the principal business of life. It was because of these deep convic- tions that they were willing to give up the comforts 270 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. and luxuries of civilized society, and endure the privations that are incident to the settlement of a new country. The very lirst duty to which they turned their attention was the building of a meeting- bouse and the settlement of an ordained ministry. To secure these privileges at the earliest opportunity, lands were set off in the original grant for the first minister who should settle among them, and other lands tor the use of the ministry afterwards. At that early day the idea of the church and state existing independently of each other, however it may have existed in the minds of some, had not heen practically carried out to any extent. We find, there- fore, that the business of the church, a- well as that of the town, was all done in town-meeting. The town voted to build meeting-houses, to support the gospel, to call ministers, to applj tor their dismission and everything else pertaining to the cause of religion. This may account for the fact that we have no ses,ional records of this church prior to the year 1804, or any other church records except those which are found in regular reports of tin- town Thi meeting of Narragansett grantees, at which they divided themselves into seven distinct socii tii - and assigned Souhegan Ea-t to No. 6, was held in Boston i lommon, June 6, 1733. The proprietors of No. 5 took immediate measures to have their land divided up into lots Cor occupancy, and voted that each alternate lot should he marked for a settler. The land was then an unbroken wilder- ness; nor does it appear that there were any actual settlers in the town until the fall of 17-7. The pro- prietors, however, continued to hold meetings in Bos- ton, and in the winter of 1737-:!*, a numbei having taken up lands in the town, the question of building a meeting-house began to be discus-ed. At a proprietors' meeting in February, 1738, a committee was chosen to fix upon the cost and dimensions of a use, and report. They even went so far at this meeting as to locate the proposed meeting- house "on a knoll of common land, about twenty- five rods eastward of the Eleventh Range." Subse- quently, the southern part of Souhegan East was set oil' to .Merrimack, which necessitated the location of the meeting-house in another place. But the "knoll" referred to took the name of "Meeting- House Hill," and is so called to this day. For the convenience of non-settlers, the meetings of the proprietors continued to be held in Boston, at the house of I. like Verdy, inn-holder, and also at the b mse of Pelatiah Glover, sign of the "Three Horse- \i these meetings the question of building h meeting-house continued to be earnestly discussed. Several times it was put to vote whether they should proceed to build, but each time negatived. The settlers were as yet few in number, their mean- limited and the way did not appear to be open to begin the building of a meeting-house. Money, how- ever, was raised for the purpose and placed in the hands of a building committee. The names of this committee were Edward White, John Goffe and Moses Barron. The settlers, however, were not altogether destitute of religious privileges. At several of the proprietors' meetings, held from 1738 to 174S, they voted money to pay tor preaching, appointed committees to secure lie- same and named the places where preaching services should beheld. The sums thus raised pro vided tor only a part of the time; the rest of the year they were accustomed to go to London, bury, a dis- tance of twelve miles, crossing the Merrimack Rivei .it Goffe's balls, and performing the journey, man) of them, on foot. The first Presbytery in New England was organized at Londonderry, April HI, 174o. It was called the Presbytery of Boston. It was composed of Rev. John Moorhead, of the Federal Street Presbyterian Church, Boston ; Rev. Robert Abercombie, <>t' Pelham, N.H. ; and Rev. DavidMcl Jrcgoiv. of 1, londerry, with the congregations under their charge. The elders who met with them were James McKcan, Alexander Con- key and James Heughs. They voted "To act so far as their present circumstances would permit them, according to the word of God and constitution of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, agreeing with that perfect Rule." At a meeting held in Boston, 174ii, this Presbytery licensed it- first candidate to preach Hi- name was Daniel Mitchell, a native of the north of Ireland and a graduate of the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. At a meeting of the Presbytery of Boston, held in Boston, November 11, 1747, we find the first reference to Souhegan Hast. The following is the minute upon i be record- of Presbytery : "Upon application made by Andrew Cochran, in ye name of the In- ;li.-v-ii ;ytery appointed him to supply them until the second Sabbath of .Mae b next." At a meeting held in Pelham, June 14, 1748, Mr. Mitchell reported " that he had obeyed the appoint- ment of Presbytery and their committee." There were, doubtless, other men who supplied them before this ; but Mr. Mitchell's name is thefirst which appear- in any of the records ; certainly the first sent them by the Presbytery. In their application we ob-erve their attachment to Presbyterian order and their desire to secure the institutions of religion among them. Mr. Mitchell was afterward settled over the Presbyterian Church at Pembroke, N. II.. and died December Hi, 177(1. At the -ante meeting of Presbytery at which Mr. Mitchell reported, Pelham, June 14, 1748, another petition for supply was made from "Swaheggen. 1 At the same meeting Rev. David McGregore presented the name of Mr. Alexander Boyd, a young man oi a liberal education. He produced certificate of his attending the study of divinity at the University of Glasgow, and having submitted to a thorough exam- 271 ination and subscribed to the < fonfession of Faith, he was licensed to preach the gospel. At the next meeting of Presbytery, Londonderry, October 4, 1748, "Presbytery thought proper that Mr. Boydshould supply Kingstown the next three Sabbaths and then immediately after four Sabbaths to Litchfield and Sicuheggen." It would appear from a subsequenl minute that Mr. Boyd, having received a call to Kingstown, did not fulfil bis other appoint- ments. The date of the ecelesiastieal organization of the church in Bedford, has long been a matter of doubt. It is not given in any of the town records, nor does il appear in our published town history, except the geneial statement, (p. 1-io,) that it was organized by the Boston Presbytery. The recent recovery of a portion of the old records of this Presbytery enables us to fix the exact date of organization, and I here insert the minute in full, as a most important fact for future preservation. The Presbytery of Boston met in Boston August 15, 1749. The members present were Rev. John Moorhead, Boston; Rev. Jonathan Parsons, New- bury; Rev. David McGregore, Londonderry; Rev. Robert Abercrombie, Pelham. Elders, Richard Mac- Cleur, Ralph Cross, John Craig. Mr. Abercrombie presided as moderator. In the proceedings of this meeting appears the following minute: "Mr. Tattc u appeared as Commissioner from Soubeggan, presenting a memorial, wherein thai | p] knowledge their Bubjection to the Pres- bytery, and petition for supplys." Thus we learn that nine months before the incor- poration of the town, and while the settlers were yet destitute of a place of worship, they made applica- tion and were received under the care of Presbytery, and became a regular Presbyterian Church. Their meetings for worship were held in different parts of the town and in private houses. The Mr. Patten referred to was probably Samuel Patten, as he, with Moses Barren and Thomas Vicary, were appointed a committee at the proprietors' meeting to provide preaching that year. The Presbytery held another meeting at Londonderry in October of the same year. Souhegan again petitioned for supplies, and ''Mr. Boyd was appointed to supply Litchfield two Sabbaths, Souhegan two and Suncook one" The settlers, being desirous of securing more effec- tive measures for supporting the gospel, and for their better government as a people, now petitioned the Governor of the province, Renning Wentworth, Esq., for an act of incorporation, giving as a particular rea- son for the petition that, "having been long destitute ol i lie gospel, we are now desirous of taking the proper steps in order to have it settled among us." They also stated that '' your petitioners, as to our particular per- suasion in Christianity, are generally of the Presbyte- rian denomination," and they wished the gospel set- tled among them "in that way of discipline which they judged to tend most to their edification." Governor Wentworth laid the petition before the t '"iin.il, and, on the I'.Uh of May, 1750, the act of in- corporation was passed, the district vested with town pin ileges and the place named Bedford. Mr. Boyd, having fulfilled his appointment of the preceding October, Presbytery again appointed him, on the 5th of June 1750, in accordance with petitions ottered for supplies, "to preach ten Sabbaths at Sou- hegan, Suncook and Litchfield." In the mean time the inhabitants of the town of Bedford, acting in the spirit and intent of their peti- tion for incorporation, tit once called a legal meet- ing and took measures to secure a settled ministry. The first meeting after incorporation assembled, June 6, 1750, in Matthew Patten's house, and thence ad- journed to his barn. Here it was voted that the min- ister be entertained at Samuel Patten's, at the charge of the town. On July 3d they voted one hundred and fifty pounds, old tenor, for preaching during the year, and. on the 7th of August, L850, " Voted there lie a call given to Rev. Mr. Alexander Boyd to the work of the ministry of this town," with a salary of three hundred pounds, old tenor, if he would accept. Captain John Goffe, Deacon John Orr and Mr. Hugh Kiddle were appointed a committee to prosecute the call to the Presbytery. It is doubtful whether this call was ever formally presented to Mr. Boyd. 1 find no record of it in the proceedings of Presbytery, and an article in the town warrant, called for January 21st of the following year, was, "To inquire what is the reason why the committee for providing preaching to the town are so negligent in that business." It is probable these brethren had good reason for their " neglect," as Mr. Boyd had been " sharply re- buked" by his Presbytery for effecting a clandestine marriage before lea'* ing < Hasgow, and passing himself in this country for an unmarried man. The Presby- tery, however, continued his appointments, on his making a full acknowledgment, expressing his sorrow and promising to adhere to her as his wife. This ac- knowledgment was unsatisfactory, and .Mr. Boyd was afterward summoned before a committee of Presbytery to account for his conduct. It is not to lie wondered at, therefore, that negotiations for his settlement in Bedford were at once terminated. The question of building a meeting-house now be- gan to be agitated anew, and. at a town-meeting, Jan- uary 24, 1750, a committee was chosen for the pur- posi Considerable difficulty arose as to the location of the meeting-house, the choice lying between the east or west end of what was known as the Bell Hill, im- mediately south of what is now the centre of the town. Not being able to agree, they summoned three friends from Londonderry to decide the question for them. This committee chose the east of the hill, but their decision was equally unsatisfactory. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The building eommittei proceeded to prepare the timber for the meeting-house, and, finally, having abandoned both ends of Bell Hill, at a town-meeting, held September 2ii. 17">-">, it was voted unanimously to locate the meeting house mi bind bought forthe pur- pose, being part of No. L3 and 14 in the Tenth Range. Hen' the meeting-house was afterwards built. In the mean time the people continued their efforts to secure a settled ministry. At a meeting of Presbytery, in Boston, 1751, ap- plication was received from " Bedford, ulins >. for a supply at discretion. At another meeting, in Boston, August 13, 1751, " Received a supplication from Bedford, pleading for a supply." At a meeting of Presbytery, at Londonderry, Oc- tober 29, 1752, supplications were received from Palmer District, Canterbury, Colrain, North Rutland, Litchfield, Derryfield, Bedford and Suncook. At this meeting Mr. Alexander MacDowell, a licentiate of Presbytery, was appointed to supply a pan of the time at "Bedford, Litchfield, Derryfield and Sun- cook." Mr. MacDowell fulfilled bis appointments with ref- erence to Derryfield and Bedford, both p] u him a call, the people of Derryfield pro] unit.- with Bedford in having him settled over the two plai es. An article was put in the town warrant to see if they would unite with Derryfield in this call. On the 28th of March. 1753, the town voted no1 to join with Derryfield, and, at the same meeting, voted a unanimous call to Mr. MacDowell, with one hundred pounds, old tenor, if he accept, and a committee appointed to prosecute the call to Presby- tery. In July of the same year another committee was chosen "to prosecute the call for Mr. MacDowell to the ' Rev'd Presbytery,' and to procure preaching till the next annual meeting." -Mr. MacDowell, how- ever, diil net accept the call. Mr. Samuel MacCHntock was licensed to preach the gospel by the Presbytery of Boston, October 29, 1752. On the 14th of August. 1753, Mr. MacCHntock was directed by Presbytery to supply halt the time at Bed- ford, the other half at Litchfield, Derryfield and Sun- cook, till next meeting. This appointment was re- newed en the following November, and his labors in Bedford gave evident satisfaction. At a town-meet- ing, October 1, 1754, it was voted, unanimously, "to give Mr. Samuel MacCHntock a call to the work of the ministry in the town of Bedford." In the follow- ing January Presbytery renewed its appointment of Mr. MacCHntock to supply Bedford, in connection with Windham, Litchfield, Derryfield and Suncook. The people seem to have been very anxious to secure the services of Mr. MacCHntock. They voted him .£107 10s., new tenor, for his yearly stipend, took measures to lay a tax upon the unimproved land in the town to build him a bouse, and agreed to .ait twenty cords of wood annually for five years, and draw it to his house, if lie would accept. They also ap- pointed Samuel Patten a commissioner to prosecute the call to the Presbytery. At a meeting of Presby- tery, August 22. 17.34. held at Newbury, appeals this minute, — "The people of ISolfunl 11:0111- sent 11 Petition 10 >e Tp -l.vicry re- questing them to send one or more of their number "-.in time between thieand next meeting to mo.leeite in :i 1:1 11 to Me Sitmuo! Ulaci tintock, the Presbytery thereupon appointed Mr. MacGregore to perform that piece o! e At the same meeting they voted that "Bedford shall have their proportion of time wholly in Mr. MacClintOck." The following November this ap- pointment was renewed. Mi-. MacCHntock did not accept this call, but nego- tiations with him continued. At a town-meeting May 6, L756, it was voted to renew the call made to him previously, at the same annual stipend, with this ad- ditional inducement, that be should have nine Sab- baths to his own use during each year, till the town should feci able to pay him for all or a part of those nine Sabbaths, for which they would allow him ten pounds, old tenor, per Sabbath. The people of Bedford were not mistaken as to the character of the man whom they thus desired tosettle over them. Mr. Mad Unlock afterwards bi of the honored members of the New Hampshire min- istry. He was graduated at Princeton, 1751, settled at Greenland, X. II., 1756, served as chaplain in the army during the Revolutionary War, admitted to an adeundum -Master's degree at Harvard, 1761, received the title of D.D. at Yale. 1791, and after a ministry of forty-eight years at Greenland, died there in 1804. During the time of these unsuccessful efforts to se- cure a settled mini-try the work on the meeting-house continued slowly. The carpenters who did the work complained that they were losing money on it, and the town voted them thirty pounds, old I. -nor. addi- tional. At length the work had so far progressed that the town-meeting, which had been previously held in bams, was called to assemble "at the meeting- house frame," April 21, 1756. The accommodations, however, seem to have been unsatisfactory, as they continued to assemble in barns for some time after- ward. Rev. John Houston, the fust settled pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Bedford, was born in Lon- donderry, X. 11.. in , 172.".. The family belonged to the old Scotch-Irish stock, the name of Robert Houston appearing in the memorial addressed to Governor Shute in 1718. Mr. Houston was educated in the ( lollege of Xew Jersey, which was then located at Newark, 1 and graduated in 1753. Rev. Aaron Burr (father of the Vice-President of the United States) was then president of the college, and gave to Mr. Houston, on his leaving college, the following letter, which is still extant, and written in a clear, bold hand : L'7r! " ThiH may certify all concerned, that Mr. John Houston has for sonic with ye cliur.li nt tin cr in thi- ;.!,,. i .l,-. ,.i.|:n- t the Rules of the Gospel. "A. Burnt, Ps'd. "Sept. 28, 1753 " ( )n his return to Londonderry, Mr. Houston studied divinity under Rev. David McGregore; and having placed himself under the fare of lVesh\ day, parts of trial were assigned him, with a view to licensure. The subject of his Latin exegesis was "An Del Beneplacituiii sit solum e/ec/imii* t'n„,i, num" — a hom- ily on 1 John iv. IS. After ha\ing heeti examined in systematic and experimental divinity, and branches of humane literature, and subscribed to the formula, he was. M.i\ 1 I. 1754, licensed to preach the gospel, being then about thirty-one years of age. The ex- amination was creditable to Mr. Houston, his classi- cal and theological learning being aline the average. Presbytery made a minute of the fact that he had received the honors of the college at Newark. Mr. Ibai-h.ii was immediately appointed to supply one Sabbath each at Windham. Bedford, Suncook and Nottingham, and afterwards two days at a time at Windham and Bedford. The negotiations with Mr. MacClintock having tailed, the people now turned their attention to Mr. Houston, and at a town-meeting, Lugusf 5, 1756, it was "voted unanimously to give Mr. John Houston a call to the work of the ministry in this town." A committee was appointed to treat with him. At an adjourned meeting, August 7th, it was voted to give him "six hundred pounds, old tenor, or new tenor equal thereto;" but this vote was, on the 30th of the month, reconsidered, and it was finally agreed to give him "equal to forty pound- sterling- in old tenor, as the law shall fix the rate of dollars or sterling money, and that what number of Sabbath-days they should think themselves unable to pay he should have, to his own use, deducted out of the aforesaid sum." It was als dered that the committee should agree with Mr. McGregore to moderate in a call. should Mr. Houston accept. The work on the meeting-house still went on slowly. Special committees were appointed, one to "shingle and board it," another to procure sashes and put them in, another to underpin and another still to lay the floors and make the doors and win- dow-frames. There was no contract-work; all had to be done by committee, and sometimes, the commit- tees refusing to serve, others had to be appointed, which caused much delay, and must have been vex- atious. But, however slow the progn --, they paid as they went, and thus avoided the bur.den of a debt. The winter of L756 wore along, and it was still un- certain whether Mr. Houston would accept his call; the town appointed other committees to procure preaching. At length, however, Mr. Houston signi- fied his acceptance of the call, and in July of 1757 "forty pounds" were voted to defray the charges of the ordination. Mr. Houston was ordained as pastor of (lie church of Bedford on the 28th of September, 17o7. The ordination sermon »:i- preached hy Ke\. Jonathan Parsons, of Newbury, from I Timothy i. 2. Rev. Htivid Mclitegoie ga\ e t he charge, and other minis- ters took part in the services. From Matthew Pat- ten's journal we learn that the text of Mr. Houston's first sermon after his ordination was " Fear not, lit- tle Sock; it is your Lather's good pleasure to give you the kingdom." "Very appropriate," says Mr. --nave, "as it must base been a small church in the midst of the wilderness." On his settlement, Mr. Houston, as first pastor, tic- cording to the provision of the original proprietors, came into possession of certain lands in the town. The people of Merrimack having then m ministry, and being, many of them, of the Presbyte- rian persuasion, attended worship in Bedford. This was somewhat inconvenient, and in 1758 the town voted to allow the people of Merrimack who paid rates to support the gospel in Bedford "so many Sabbath-days of our Rev'd Pastor's time for public worship, to be held at John Burns', as they pay in proportion with us toward his annual salary for the present year, if our Rev'd pastor be willing." The details of Mr. Houston's ministry are such as were common to the New England ministry of that time. There were many hardships, incident to the building up of a church in a new country, but he addressed himself to the work with zeal and energy, and dining his pastorate the church gradually in- creased in strength and influence. He gave especial attention to catechetical instruction, and was much interested in the young people of his charge. He was conscientious and earnest in his piety, devoted to tin- cause of his Master, and labored earnestlj foi the spiritual welfare of the people under his i harge I luring the earlier years of his ministry he seems to have enjoyed the respect and confidence of his people, and was happy in Ins relation- with them. But at the beginning of the Revolutionary War general dis- satisfaction arose again.-t him, because of his ad- herence to the cause of the mother-country. In taking this position Mr. Houston was undoubtedly conscientious, and acted in accordance with what he believed to be the will id' God in the matter. Time has sufficiently demonstrated that he erred in judg- ment. But we who are removed from those seem - of intense excitement can afford to impute to him only such motive- a- were dictated by what he under- stood as his duty in the matter. In giving a faithful record of the facts as they occurred, it is due to the memory of one who, in all other respects, bore an irreproachable character, to regard this great mistake of his life as resulting from an error of the head and not of the lean. The first intimation we have of a feeling of disaf- fection of the people of Bedford against their pastor appears in a call for a town-meeting, dated May 2, 274 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1 77-"). it was immediately after the aews of the battle • it' Lexington, and the excitement of the people throughout New England was at the highest pitch. The article in the warrant was "To see what method the town will take relating to Eev. John Houston in these troublesome times, as we apprehend his praying and preaching to be calculated to intimidate the minds of his hearers and to weaken their hands in defense of their just rights and liberties, as there seems a plan to lie laid b\ l'arli: lit I o destroy Im.iIi." Tin- meet- ing, which was called for the 16th of May, voted to shut the doors of the church against the pastor and to stoji the payment of his salary till he should come to a sense of his duty. Mr. Houston made a state- ment of his position to the town, but it was declared 'o I"- unsatisfactory. < In the 15th of June, 1775, the town voted his dis- mission, and adopted a .strong resolution condemning his course. As Presbyterians, however, tln-y recognized the fact that he was still pastor of the church. It had been the practice in former years to vote him a certain number of Sabbaths to himself, ranging from four to ten. At the meeting of March 27, 177b, they voted him tin' whole year to his own use. In the mean time they requested him to join with them in their appli- cation to Presbytery for a dissolution of the pastoral relation, and a committee was appointed tor that purpose. At tin- lor mat ion of the Synod of New England, at Seabrook, X. II., .May 31, 177o, three Presbyteries were i stituted out of the old Boston Presbytery, namely: the Eastern, or Presbytery of Salem; the Middle, or Presbytery of Londonderry; and Western. or Presbytery of Palmer. On the division ofthe.se Presbyteries, Mr. Houston and his congregation were united to the Presbytery of Palmer, and he was di- rected by Synod to convene the new Presbytery and moderate the first meeting. The position he had taken on the state of the country, however, had ren- dered him unpopular with his ministerial brethren, and the unfriendliness resulting therefrom led him t it the duty assigned him by the Synod. There- upon tbe Synod directed tie- Rev. .Muses Baldwin, of to act in his stead, and Mr. Houston having promised that he would satisfy both the civil author- ity and the Synod tin the cum-,, he had taken, was recommended to bring the evidence of such satisfac- tion to his Presbytery, and through them to the Synod. This action was taken in September, 177b, more than i bis dismissiuii l.\ the act of t lie town, and while he was as yet ecclesiastically, although not practically, pastor of the church. flic si nod met at Londonderry. September :!, 1777, At this meeting a committee from Bedford appeared and asked the advice of Synod respecting their troubles with their pastor. Mr. Houston, being present, was interrogated as to his promise to give satisfaction to Synod respecting his conduct. It appearing that he had not done so, he was deemed guilty of a breach of promise and contempt of Synod, and deprived of his seat in the body until he should give satisfaction to the Synod for his conduct, either directly or through bis Presbytery. The committee from Bed- ford was also directed to bring the matter of their grievances before their Presbytery in the regular way. Tin following year, September 3, 177*, at London- derry, the Synod reaffirmed its action respecting Mr. Houston, declaring his contempt of Synod to be highly blamable, but promised to recommend him to the churches as a member in good standing on his compliance with their requisition. At this meeting ..I Synod, Bedford congregation and Mr. Houston were annexed to the Presbytery of Londonderry, and that Presbytery was directed to take cognizance of their affairs. Before the adjournment of the meeting, however, the troubles in Bedford again came up for discussion, and, both parties agreeing, the Synod passed the following resolution: !■■ :ip|.. ii- t- h.- ,i .li.sin-tVri.iu among the people of Bedford relative to the Rev. Mr. Houston, tvherebj he is a useful among them in the ministry, by consent of both parties, this Synod do dissolve his pastoral relation to said congregation." Mr. Houston is described as having been of a stern and inflexible disposition, but the progress of the war, coupled with the almost universal condemnation of his countrymen, led him. subsequently, to modify hi- position. He hail stood out in defense of his views to the point of surrendering his pastoral charge and lo-ing his standing in the Synod. But now, being left free to act according to his own will, he appeared before the authories of the State and took the oath of allegiance, of which the following is a copy : Hampshin "This may certify all persons Unit the liev. John Houston has taken the oath of allegiance and fidelity to this, and the United States of Imerii a " IIM M. Weare, Chairman." At the meeting of Synod, at Windham, the follow- ing year, September 15, 1779, Mr. Houston's name appears on the roll of Synod, and also the following minute in the record of its proceedings: "A report being given by Mi Stiiklaml ami Mr. Williams that the Kev. Mr Houston brought from the State of New Hampshire a testi- i nil satisfactory to this Synod, K l > 275 preaching as he had opportunity, and making, occa- sionally, what might be called missionary tours into Northern New Hampshire and Vermont. lie died February 3, 1798, aged seventy-five years. From the time of Mr. Houston's dismission, 1778, until 1804, a period of twenty-six years, the church was without a stated pastor. How it survived this long period without the stated preaching of the gos- pel it is difficult now to understand. The whole period is almost a total blank with respect to any matters of historical interest. The aames of Benjamin Smith and James Little (elders) occasionally appear on the rolls of Presbytery and Synod a.- delegates from Bedford. In the records of the town we find that a certain sum of money was voted annually to provide preach- ing. Rev. William Pickles, a native of Wales, and a man of considerable pulpit power, supplied them statedly about two years, from 1787 to 1789, but aside from this there was no regular preaching in the town. During this long period of destitution the church members became much scattered, and there was almost no spirituality in the church. No revivals of religion are recorded, and it would seem that there had as yet been no general religious interest in the church from the beginning of its history, although there were, undoubtedly, some conversions under the ministry of Mr. Houston. Towards the close of the century there were decided indications of a desire to secure again a settled ministry. It was voted in town-meeting that the money appropriated for preach- ing should be used only for those who would come as candidates, and the i imittees appointed to secure the same were desired to apply t" Presbytery for supplies in a regular way. Early in the beginning of the century six new elders were appointed to serve with those already in offiee, and Rev. Mr. .Morrison, of Londonderry, was invited to ordain them and ad- minister the Lord's Supper. March (I, 1804, the town voted a call to the Rev. David McGregore, of Londonderry, and in May of the following year Mr. Meliregore accepted the same. On the 5th of September, 1804, Rev. David McGregore was ordained and installed pastor of the church in Bedford by the Presbytery of London- derry, Rev. Dr. Morrison, of Londonderry, preaching the sermon. Mr. McGregore completed his collegiate course at Dartmouth College in 1799, and studied for the ministry under Dr. Morrison. Upon his settlement in Bedford the affairs of the church assumed alto- gether a more favorable aspect. Meetings of session were recorded and delegates regularly chosen to attend meetings of Presbytery. In 1806 a regular system of ministerial visitation was inaugurated, in which the elders alternately accompanied the minister. Numbers were added to the church from time to time, and church discipline was more strictly observed. The year 1818 was marked by a state of general religious interest, and during the year twenty- two persons were received into communion with the church. Mr. McGregore was a man of superior social qualities, and commanded the respect of his congre- gation, as well as of his brethren in the ministry. Many of those who united with the church under his preaching became eminent for usefulness, remaining linn in their attachment to the cause of the Master to the end of lite. A few of them survive to t lie present day, and still bear witness to the earnest gospel preaching and ministerial fidelity of die pastor through whom they were converted to Christ. Luring the earlier part of his ministry Mr. McGre- gore labored as a missionary in connection with the New Hampshire Domestic .Missionary Society, ex- tending his tours into the northern section of the State. His labors were blest in the awakening ol considerable religious interest in the places where he preached. the relations of Mr. McGregore with the people of Ins charge were marked by harmony ami good-will throughout. During his ministry the church in- creased in strength and influence, the ordinances of baptism and the Lord's Supper were regularly and more frequently administered and the genera] tone of morals and religion improved. He was a man ol' sound doctrinal views and of good pulpit ability. His sermons, some of which are still extant in manu- script, evince a logical mind and a diligent study of the Holy Scriptures. He is spoken of as having faithfully preached the gospel, enforcing the practical duties of religion with great fidelity. In April, 1825, .Mr. McOregoro apprised his church of his desire tor a dissolution of the pastoral relation, and requested them to unite with him in application to Presbytery for the same. Accordingly, the Lon- donderry Presbytery, at its meeting at Nottingham West (now Hudson), on the last Wednesday in April, 1826, dissolved the pastoral relation between .Mr. McGregore and the church in Bedford. Mr. McGre- gore removed to Falmouth, in Maine, in 1831, and died there October 18, 1845, aged seventy-four. He was the nephew of Rev. David McGregore, and great- grandson of Rev. James McGregore, the first minister of Londonderry. His pastorate continued twenty one years, as did that of .Mr. Houston. A font the time of Mr. McGregore's dismissal a Presbyterian Society was formed in the town, in ac- cordance with the laws of the State, and to it the gen- eral affairs of the church were committed. While, therefore, the town negotiated with Mr. McGregore on the terms of his dismissal, nothing appears in the records with regard to the call of his successor. On the 5th of July, 1826, Rev. Thomas Savage was installed pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Bed- ford by the Presbytery of Londonderry, being its third settled minister. The sermon on the occasion was preached by the Rev. Dr. Whiton, of Antrim, N.H. 276 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. "Sir. Savage was born in !>• .-t' .n, S. ptemher 2, IT'.':'.. He prepared for college at Phillips Academy, An- dover,and graduated at Harvard in 1 313, the eleventh lit' bis famil) who had graduated at that institution. Having pursued the study of thei >1< at < lambridge, lie a n > . t . ■ 1 an invitation t mi a private tutor in Louisiana. About this time he ex- perienced a change of views with respect to the system of theology lie had adopted, and finished his prepara- tion under the care of the Mississippi Presbytery. By that body he was ordained to the work of the ministry in 1822, and preached two years at Baton Rouge. Returning North in 1824, he supplied the pulpit of Dr. Colman, of Dorchester, for one year, during his absence, and immediately alter received his first in- vitation to preach in this town. Mr. Savage entered upon his life-work here under very encouraging circumstances. He v. vigorous, finely educated and full} imbued with the spirit and energy invded for his work. He was earnest in his piety, remarkable for the urbanity of his man- ners and for the genial kindness of his disposition. Hi- was, withal, an eloquent preacher, possessing supe- rior pulpit address and powi r, and soon won to him- self the affection of his people, the esteem of his min- isterial brethren and the respect and confidence of the people of that part of the State where, during his long pastorate his name became the synonym, not of ■what it literally imported, but of those virtues which are the embodiment of a perfect Christian gentleman. Politeness — genuine) 'hristinn politeness — was. in fact, his ili-tingui.-hing characteristic. To a temperament naturally gonial were added the refinement- ol edu- cation and the graces of the ('hri-tiau life, making him, says Dr. Wallace, in his memorial discourse, "a model tor the young, a pattern for the Christian and an example to he imitated hy that profession to which he was an ornament." Ill the freshness and vigor of his early life Air. Sav- ed himself to the work of the ministry, and the results of his labors were soon apparent, lie im- mediately brought to the attention of the Session the duty of systematic visitation, and a plan was adopted that had for its object "a revival of religion," by bringing the question personally to the attention of all. The town was divided up into districts, and com- mittees of visitation appointed to go from house to house, pledging themselves " united!) to the work, immediately to go about it. and not to grow cold or weary in it." The Sabbath-school, which had been previously held in school-houses, without much interest, was now transferred to the church and held during intervals of Divine service, with happy effects. On the 11th of October, 1827, a Thursday afternoon prayer-meeting was commenced, which has continued without interruption until the present day, now almost fifty years. In 1829 a temperance reform began and a temperance society was formed, through the joint influence of Air. Savage, and a temperance discourse delivered by Dr. Justin Edwards. The result of this movement was, that whereas se\ en place- were licensed in the town during 1829, hy the selectmen, for the sale of ardent spirits, only two were licensed the follow- ing year. These Christian efforts were ordered, in the Provi- d I, as preliminary to that wonderful work of grace which swept over the country in 1831. The church in Bedford was partaker, to a large degree, in that revival season, and accessions were made at that time which have had a lasting influence upon the church and the word. At the May communion of* that year five were added on profession of faith; in September, ninety-one: and the following January. seventeen, making one hundred and thirteen in all. This was certainly a most encouraging result for the young pastor, and for a country church it certainly evinces a work of no ordinary magnitude. Many of those brought into the church at that time became bright and shining lights in the world; nearly all of them continued to adorn the Christian profession to the end of life, and some still survive to attest to the present generation the genuine nature of the work of Divine grace in their hearts. It was during this revival year that the question ol' building a new meeting -house tir-t took definite shape. Theold building bad 31 1 and served its purpose for a period of seventy-live years, and was now too small and inconvenient to meet the wants of the growing congregation. During the year 183] subscriptions were started and an association formed for building a meeting-house. The building was finished during the following year, and on Christmas Day, December 25, 1832, the house was solemnly dedicated to the worship of Almighty < rod. In the succeeding years Mr. Savage continued to enjoy the confidence of his people, and accessions were yearly made to the membership of the church, as fruits of his ministry. In an historical discourse pre- pared and published during 1841, he reported that two hundred and seventy-two had been added to the church on profession since his settlement, being an average of eighteen per year. On the 19th of May, 1850, the town celebrated the centennial anniversary of its incorporation. It was a great day for Bedford. Many distinguished visitors. former residents of the town, and others, were present. It was estimated that about two thousand persons participated in the festivities. The Hon. Isaac 0. Barnes, of Boston, a native of Bedford, delivered the centennial address. A history of the town — the joint work ofRev. Air. Savage, Dr. P. P. Woodbury and Mr. William Patten — was published, embracing most of the facts of interest connected with the town history up to that date. It was the result of great labor and is an unusually interesting book ot'its kind. Once more, near the close of his ministry. Air. Savage was permitted to witness the Divine approval 277 ofhis labors in a revival ofreligion. In 1S64 a revival began in Manchester, in connection with the preach- ing of the evangelist. Rev. A. B. Earle. The work extended to Bedford. Special meetings wire held, and a deep and general interest prevailed. Asa result, seventy-two persons united with the church during the year on profession of faith. On the 3d of January, 1866, the pastoral relation between the Eev. Thomas Savage and the church in Bedford was dissolved by the Presbytery of London- derry. The pastorate of Mr. Savage extended over a period of near h fort\ years, anil embraced themost im- portant period of the church's history. He had suc- ceeded in binding the church together in harmonious action in all Christian work, and bringing it for- ward to rank with the strong churches in the State. Sis pastorate, on the whole, was eminently successful, and the influence of his labors will long be lelt upon the cause ofreligion in this community. Mr. Savage did not long survive tin- termination of his pastorate. He died on the 8th of May, 1866, aged seventy-two years. " As a preacher," says Dr. Wallace, "Mr. Savage was practical ami impressive, lie did not dwell so much on the distinctive doctrines of the gospel as many preachers, lie did not preach theology as a system. Yet he preached salvation only by the cross. But its doctrines were mingled with precept, as the leaven pervades themass in which it is hidden. They appeared not as the veins penetrate the marble, but as the painter's color shades the whole." Rev. Anton Little was installed pastor January 3, L866; l.'i v. Ira C. Tyson, May 9, 1869; and Rev. D. Herbert Colcord, the present pastor, September 8, 1881. I II APTER III. BEDFORD— {Continued). Centennial Celebration— Ci Representatives from 17i; 1750 to 1885— b — Population itia— Military Centennial Celebration. — One of the most inter- esting events in the history of Bedford was the celebration of the centennial of the town, May 19, 1850. Peter P. W Ibury was [president of the day. with the following vice-presidents: Thomas Chandler, Moody M. Stevens, Samuel Chandler, John French, John McAllister, Theodore Goffe, John Patten. The committee of arrangements consisted of the following: Leonard C. French, Willard Parker, Daniel Moore, Isaac Darrah, John Patten, John Adams, Adam Chandler, Andrew Dow, (!. W. Riddle, Joseph H. Stevens, John Barr, L. C. French (2d), Thos. Holbrook, Charles F. Shepard, John Goffe, Elijah < '. Stevens, Gardner Nevins, Rodney McLaughlin, James Walker, Simon Jenness. The address on the occasion was delivered bj Hon. Isaac O. Barnes. Remarks were also made bj I [orace Greeley, 1 Rev. Mr. Adams, Rev. Mr. Clark, John At- wood, Mr. Savage, Rev.C.W. Wallace, Rev. J. T. W I- lniry, Dr. Leonard French, Hon. C. E. Potter, James ( ). Adams and others. The toasts on the occasion were as follows ; I7.JH 1 ■■■ i , . I. |. .in, r , 1 1 .. 1 . ■. 1 1,1 II,, I Bedford— the petitioners on that day iv, eived acharterof in whereby they could support their religion, which was that, and that only, they petitioned for." Responded to by Hon. Horace Greeley, of New York City. i iO.— Thanks to God, our religious institutions are still with ns, and we most earnestly pray they may lie the tirst, ami, above all other tilings, snppurte, 1 by us an, I ,,nr p,,e, i ity." Responded to by Rev. Mr. Davis, of Amherst. I,, ,n-. I,, in: I, !i us, -one to imp tlnir reward of .elory — wilti -.latitude we remember tliem ; ma\ ue ,a ,-i pin n, e tbeir virtues, ami I, arh tliem to our eliililren by precept ami example." lbs]. on, led to by Rev. Mr. Clark, of Manchester. " The Eliti'ji-an!*, o.o? fee s/s ,,/ /,*,■,//,,,,/. -We - I ,■< I \ ■ ,u \m !, , 1 1 1 i ■ ,,, town, ami our festive board. Pleasant and profitable t,, I t as relations, friends, and acquaintances,— it is tlie fust time and il.c 1,1-1, we -halt Bver meet on Buch an occasion, in Bedford." John Atu 1, Esq., of Albany, X. Y., responded. j.— The woolen and linen-wheels 1,11 tl tton-mills and spinning jennies,— are not re wonderful than tie' lini-os (w,, days" |,,u c I, , I 1 ,,,. I ,,n, a nil v. leu panniers, with a tub "I butter ,111 eitbet ~ide, or both, tilled with linen cloth or thread, to the oie and tiie telegraph w ires." " F.mjlmi.l, Srotl.in.l ,n,.l Inl.m.t -Our nether countries ; tlieirimiU.il ill-- l"-t ,t stock, defying the world for c petition." Rev. James T. W Ibury, of Acton, Mass.. re- sponded. imanry ol "id Bedford uever despisi the hearty and sol.staritl.il b„,il ,,f their ancestors." Response by Hon. C. E. Potter, of Manchester. " Our PoBlerity.- henee, l,\ ,,oi desc Abe lii ■ 'I,'. I.'' Inhered, one bun, bed ye lid. Hits who shall then he on the she Responded to by Dr. Leonard French, of Fitchburg, Mass. "The Scotch-Irish.— They left the north of Ireland, be. v., I ih I. -•'is ,,f il e.in, and ean le !,, I lies, western adds b. en joy tbeir religion and liberty. May their offspring appreciate sucl ble virtues, 1 i let i!. He in as a ri h legacy handed ,l,,wn IV their forefathers." John Aiken, Esq., of Andover, .Mass., responded. " Tfo Orator of the day. — If our houses and Barnes appear Inn I us tl,,'". in to day, p,,-t,lit\ will have IS' their inheritance." Hon. Isaac 0. Barnes spoke briefly on the subject of education. of Bedford. — Ever prompt and energetic in every under- , thy and commendable James 0. Adams, of Manchester, responded. i Horace iireeley was born just over the line of Bedford, in Amhi the school lie attended and the better porti,,ii of he father's farm be in Bedford, where be resided duritic a petition of his early vein- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Civil History.— Thf following is a list of town lerka from 1750 to 1885: ■!. Id i a .Mill, 1750, '51. Leonard Walki r,1829 v., iii., n p ,, 54, Isaac Riddle, 1831, '32. , ■61, 68, Frederii 1, Wallai e, 1836, 1 ;.', 73 . , n John Bell, 1773, '71, '75, '76,' 7. 1 '■ William Whit , '80, John Parker, 1842. '81. Andrew J. Dow, 1844, '45, '46, i b «i Laughlin, 1782. '47, '51. John Rand i , Benjamin F. Wallace . Josiah Gillis, 1785, '86, '87. Matthew Barr, 1850. William Moor, 1788, '89, 90. : B U i I. I- J. '53. William McAffeo, 1791 ■ ford, 1854 55, '56, DaTid Patten, 1792, '93, '94, >, '96, 1807, '08, '09, '10. Benjamin Hall, 1858, '59, 60, 61, Phineaa Aiken, 1797, '98, 1801 ■02, ..■ 33, 64 William W Willuns. 1- . ,'67, M,,.,h M -i, >,.,-, l-l 1. l_-. I.;, .!■ ■), ii I1...ILIII..N, lsi'.'.i, in, '71. 'l I, 15. I lieodore i Gone, 1872. « illi M , 1816, '17. Silas A. Kiddle, 187:5, '74, '70, '77, Alfred Foster, 1818, '19, '20, '21, '78, '79, 80, '81, '82, 83,'84,'85. '22, '_ ;, '24, '25, '26. George « Flint, 1875. . '28. Representatives. — The following representatives from 1 702 to 1885 : a list of I'. "i Hey, 177.1 76, '77, '7s. John "it, 17711, 82, 3 i, 9l !)" 1-1 1 . 12 Samuel Patten, 1781. Matthew Thornton, 178 I James Martin, 17-1. '85, '91. Stephen Hole, 1786, '88, '89, '90, 1-71. l:.i,i,inin F. Wallace and i , ii Stevens, Is.",-. Jain. - Vliiriisiili and Tliom- ,i, i : i] ,n m, „„,.. '92, '93, '04. 1858 Thomas G. Holbrook Isaac Riddle, 1798, 99, 1813 1859 "III, una- II 11, ,11, !,„,!; Dai i P tten l- I I860 Phi ii .- U a ii. 1803, 'ill. '14. 1861 Henrj Hah William Riddle, 1805, '06, "7. [862 William R. French. Sa il Chandler, 1808, '09, '10, 1863 William R. French. 15, '16, '17. '18. 1864 1 ieol gi W, Kiddle. Josiah Gordon, 1819, '20. 1865 Gi ii ;e W Riddle. '1 Ii as Chandler, 1821, '22. I860 Silas Holbrook. « illi Moor, 1--'.;, '24, '32, 13. 1867 Silas Holbrook. Wil tid II 31 I80S Sai 1 Patten. Ebeneier French [827 1869 Charles II, Moore. Joseph Colley, 1828, 29, 15 [870 .Ii.lill H."IlIi,;mi James McK. Wilkins, 1834, 16, 1871 George \\ Gone 17. 1872 Tl as G Worthley J. Ii. Bowman I 1873 Voted not to send. ■ i in h, 1840. 1874 Voted not to send. T a- rl.. hi. Her, 1841, '42. 187S Paul r Campbi 11 1876 Gi sV ' lotte. 1. C. French, 1844, '45, '46. ls77 Voted ii- .i to send. Willi .in P Riddle, 1-47, 'Is. 1878 William McAllaster. Gardnel Kevins, 1847, 18. Voted ii, a In send \ N Patten, 1849. 1 SSI 1 Charles B. Ileal. Chandler Spafford, 1849. 1883 John A. Riddle 1. i l rench 2d ,1850 ISSJ Freeman K. Freneh. ford in 178!); he married Elizabeth Swett, and died May, L809. Dr. William Wallace came to Bedford in 1805 ; his native place was Mil ford, N. H. He died in 1821. His willow, sister of Rev. E. L. Parker, of London- derry, survived him many years. Dr. Baird came to Bedford in 1811; left in 1813, and went to Nelson ; he resided, while in town, with Thomas Wallace. Dr. Page came in 1810, and resided in Bedford but a few months. Dr. Frederick A. Mitchell came in 1813; he was born in Peterborough. He married Lucy, daughter of Deacon Phineas Aiken. He left the practice in 1815, but lived in town till 1835. Dr. P. P. Woodbury ca to Bedford in 1815; he was horn in Francestown, N. H. Dr. Silas Walker came to Bedford in 1827; bom in Goffstown ; died in 1843. Dr. Houston came to Bedford in 1824; resided at Piscataquog; stayed one year, and then wentto West- ern New York. Dr. Levi B. Johnson came to Bedford in 1825; stayed two years; lie boarded at the village. Dr. Robert Riddle, son of Hugh Riddle, began to practice at Hooksett; came back to his lather's in 1825; practiced medicine till his death, which oc- curred in 1828. Dr. Henry Clinton Parker, son of James Parker, Esq., studied medicine in Philadelphia; began to practice at the village in 1838. Dr. Leonard French, son of Leonard C. Freneh, studied medicine with Dr. Crosby ; began to practice in L845; stayed one year in town, and removed to A.shby. Dr. John 1 >. Walker, son of Dr. Silas Walker, studied medicine with his lather, and began to prac- tice in 1840 or 1841. Dr. John Harvill came to Bedford in 1849; began to practice at the village, and after one year went to California. The present physician is Frank 1). Rowe. The history of Bedford also makes mention of the following lawyers who resided in town: Janus I q- derwood, James Parker, Isaac MeGaw, J. I!. Bowman, James MeWilkins, John Porter. Physicians.— Dr. Nathan Cutler came to Bedford from Dunstable, Mass., in 1777, and moved back in 1782. Dr. John Quin cameto Bedford in 1782, fr Hal- ifax, Vt. He was a relation of Dr. Cutler and had a family. After staying a year or two he removed to Massachusetts. Dr. Nathan Cutler, son of the former, came to Bed- POPULATION. Unmarried men from 16 to 60 year- 30 Uarried men t'r 16 to 60 43 Boys from 16 and under m.ii 60andabove • . . . . 13 Females unmarried 117 Females married 51 shoe- 1 male, 1, ; female, 3) '.' Widows 6 Total 362 For 1775 we have the following return, dated " Bed- ford, October 27, 1775." " Males under 10 LOO Males from 16 to 30 not in army tfah a above 50 28 Persons gone to the war 1 1 Females in all 241 Negroes and slaves for Uf« 10 Total i' 1 ■ ■• 1 1 1 1 DSB0R01 GH, SS., Oct, 27, ITT"-. " Then personally appeared John Bell, and made Bolemnoathto his fidelity and impartiality in numbering the souls in Itedford, and making return of the several ages and sexes, as in the columns above thereof. "Swum before, .Matt. Patten, J. P." i re 37 guns lacking to e.piip 1 1 1 * ■ inhabitants of Bedford There are 11^ 4 lbs. powder in Bedford, according tn information, and in. tow ti >to< k ■■! amiiiunitii.il. "John Bell." The population in L783 was 762 (framed houses, 93); 1800, L182; 1810,1296; L820,1375; 1830,1554; 1840, 1543: L850, 1913; dwelling-houses, 312; families, 344; farmers, liilT ; laborers, L61 ; slim makers, 10; blacksmiths, 5; brickmakers, 33; machinists, 10; carpenters, 8; physicians, 2; clergyman, 1; lawyer, 1; teacher, 1; scholars attending school this year, 589; value of real estate owned, $594,600. T EXTRACTS FROM HON. M VTTHEW PATTEN'S JOl h'N W. "March 29, 1755. Was chosen town-clerk. Voted to give me six pounds, old tenor, fur what I should record fur the town this year, and th'\ were to find me paper to write the minutes of the town on. "Octobei 29, 1755 Snow fell, ankle deep. ■'duly 18, 1756. John Smith, . . t New l!ost..ii, informed ni" that a bear ha'l hit my heifer [that he had in keepin- . so she culd not li \ ■ -. I -of M] M. Neil ol New lln-tiMi, to I. lit- hel h.-i fo I in. . "September 13 & 11, lT.'.ii. A great frost, so as to kill all the corn- " November 27, 1 T ". i . WViil to London. 1. Try, to know uli.-n the On. f.'uurt set ; fouml it to 1,.- ii.-\t .Tuesday, iin the 3(>th set out for Ports- mouth; went as far as Mr. Murphy's, in Londonderry, and received an account thai the Gen, Court had adjourned till Tuesday, nth December, "September 4, 1757. Mr. Housti chapter of John, and preached in the after: -v. i pi. a. h. .1 in our meeting house. 11th, Mi Houston lectured m the forenoon on the 12th, 13th and 14th v. of the first chapter of John, and preached in the afternoon, from Amos, fourth .i,,-ipt.-i and 1 nt I* \.is. . ''Januai\ 22, 17.~>X Mr. Houston lectured on part ot the ::d.haplri of .lohli - -ospel. There W'-ii' hut lo [j.-ir-oii-. at nuellii the snow, which was deep, and poor path*. "June S & 9, 175!). Fished al Namaskeag Falls and got 120 shad, and I gave Robert M. .Murphy 10 Of them; and I gol I -had and a small sal- mon, for my part, from the -eftm-plac.'. \\ m. Peters fished for ine by the halvi -. '•July 15, ITGii. I. joined with Sam'l Patterson to fish for salmon, and i ,! _. lhs , and the other 18 lbs. The small one 1 I,., i. .■ i. i :h : ii i ■ i . i ., :■ ■ i \\ , . .,,■!• quo- river, and set our net thai night, and h\ moi ning we bad a 9 and a 6 pound salmon ; the large .me ] had, ami the -mill one Patterson bad. "March 12, 1761. This morning, about 2 o'clock, a considerable smart shock of an earthquake, whi.-h wakened me out of sleep. "March 1,1762. E attended a meeting of the towns of Amherst and Bedford, at Itedford meetiii-h.mse, to choose a representative; I was chosen moderatoi by a unanimous choice, and Col. Gone was chosen repi. Bentative by 46 votes, and Capt, Barron had I .;. 'April 1, 1764. Snow fell neai 3 inches deep. "June 7, 1771. Attended the funeral ,,i i apt. li.n n-n, and was one oi tile lindej !■■ "July 3, 1771. I went to lieiiyfi.-ld meetingdiou-e. and heard Mr. Ward, of Plymouth, preach. " NTovembei 27, 1779. 1 bave 2 bushels oi can a daj for writing. "Ma3 i' L780. Was a thunder-shower in the morning, and wa fol darkness, such as is BO dark thai COUld not know a man I. iii .it a -iii ,11 detain e, and were obliged to k.ep a light in the ■ bimney to see to -•• about, and the nighi was so extraordinary dark until 1 o'clock ih.it a r . i ,,„ could nol Bee his baud when bedd up, nor even a white sheel uf pap. i. Hay ami night cloudy. Cause unknown. The works oi th.-l.oni ,. marvellous, and past finding out until He graciously pleases to reveal H ' The Old Militia. 2 — Persons who held commissions in the militia in the town of Bedford : Stephen Dole, cdoim! ; .hum- \iken, captain ; I'hineas A iken, lieu- tenant ; James i.iilntore, .u.e.ai, William hole, , aptain , Nathan Maine-., captain ; Andrew Aiken, capt aiu of cavalry; James Mnm, lieu- tenant; hunlap, major; Bois, captain ; William Moor, ca] tain . James McLaughlin, en-i-n , John M. AlhM. i, eaptain ; Thoma- .iii ; Joseph r .alley, ea.plaili ; 'I'h.nna- Kan, captain .. artillery, 1815 to 1817. William Moore, appointed .-aptain August 8, 1812; promoted adjti taut July 4, 181o'; promoted colonel June 20, 1818; resigned March u, 1820. U ly M Sti utenani June 20, 181 1 , n 26, L816 Leonard C. French, appointed ensign June 20, Is 14 ; promoted captain July 2(1, lhlfi; resigned June 23, bsix. Enoch Dole, appointed lieutenant July 2n, isii; ; promoted captain June 23, 181S; resigned February 10, 1819. Jesse Parker, appointed ensign July 2o, lsit; ; promoted lientcnai.i June 23, lslx ; promoted captain February LIS; promoted lieuten- ant February 10, 1819; promoted captain April 9, L821 , resigned April 9, 1824. lo.lnii M , .ippi.inf.-.i . ■ 1 1 i _ ■ i . I el. in. n\ I i. i i'i pioiuoted licuten- teiialit April 'J, 1X21 ; piomoted .aptain April '.', 1824 ; r. -i. David Steven i April 9, 1x24 ; resigned January 31, 1825. Samml Campbell, appointed ensign April February 2, 1825 ; resigned Man h 21, l->. Benjamin Nichols, appointed lieutenant February 2,1- captainyi.ir.li 1, 1828; dwharg.-d April 17, 1830. Joseph (.'. Moor, appointed ensign February 2, 182o ; promoted lieu- tenant March 1, lS2x ; promoted captain April 17, 1x30; re.-i-ti.-.] Feb- ruary 8, 1832. Samuel G. Collcy, appointed .ii-i-n September ."», 182a ; promoted lieutenant April 17, 183d ; promoted captain p. in uary 2", |s;;2 , rescue. I Aprils, L834, David Sprague, appointed ensign April 17, lx3ii; promoted lieutenant February 2D, 1832; resigned April 8, 1834. William GofF, appointed captain April 9, 1834; resigned August 28. 1834. Rufus Merrill, appointed captain August 28, 1334; resigned February .., 1838. Nathaniel Moore, appointed lieutenant August 28, 1831; promoted rap- tain 1 ehruary 6, L838 ; resigned June i, 1839. William \. Rundlett, appointed ensign August 28, 1831 ; promoted lieutenant Mr _ resig] I March 14, 1839. \\ illiam K. Fi. n h. .ppoMi:. i - n-i-.ii .M;tj J.'., h-.ix , piomoted captain I. SI 27, lS-21 ; pioui ,1 llrlileiiani ; promoted captain .Illlie | 1, [83il ; promote Frederick Ilodgman. app. .inted I captain March 11, 1*42 ; !.■-. ,,. d h William M.Alhst. i, .tp|.omied ensign June I), I .-.;',> ; promoted lieu- tenant Man h II, 1842 ; resigned July 7, 181.:. Benjamin Hall, appointed ensign March 11, 1812 ; promoted i aptain July 7, 1X13 ; iv.-i-ned March 2", 1844. Diaries \. M e, appointed en-i-n July 7, 184:;, MSi-m-d May 27, i- .mi October 13, lsl.i ; removed by -mil. 184G. !.- 1 i . (.signed April 20, 1847. Th .iii.i i: Worthh-y, app. anted lieutenant, octoher 13, 1x4 *j ; pro- moted captain April 2u, 1847 ; resigned April G, 1x48. -From lli-tory of Bedford. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Joseph II Flint, appointed ensign April 20, 1*17 ; promoted lieutenant August 24, 1847 ; i-r- -un>t •■■! captain S.-i.t..-uil»-i 1,1-1-. , James H. Moore, appointed ensign Augusi 7, 1848. K.beit « M 22, l-l". William Mo, . ie igdi, appointed lieutenant Septeml.er 1, ]s4,S;pro- .n, .May 1. 1849. William P. Gage, appointed lieutenant Ma; Kufus K. Daoali, appointed ensign May 22, Isl'.t. 24, 1843 In the year 1814 acompanj of exempts was formed in Bedford, numbering about sixty men, which was composed of men forty years .if age and upwards, who were not liable to do military duty, to law, but armed and equipped themselves at their own expense, lor the protection of their country, which was then engaged in hostilities with England, ami held themselves ready to march at a moment's warning. Their first officers were the following: Isaac Riddle, captain ; John Holbrook, lieutenant; Samuel Chandler, second lieutenant; William Riddle, ensign. It will lie perceived that during the Win oi L812 there were more than two hundred men armed and equipped in the town of Bedford, who held them- selves in readiness to march in defense of their country. At the time the British invaded Portsmouth, the company of exempts under Captain Isaac Kiddle, the infantry under Captain William Moore, and the Grenadiers, under Captain William P. Kiddle, met tit centre of the town, and drilled every day for two weeks, expecting hourly to have orders to march to meet the enemy at Portsmouth. In the year 1815 the infantry company, embodying in its limits till of the town of Bedford, was composed of about one hundred and fifty men. The field officers of the Ninth Regiment, deeming it too large for the purpose for which it was intended, created a volunteer company by the name of the Bedford Grenadiers, numbering forty-eight rank and file. For military tactics and strict discipline it si 1 the highest in the Ninth Regiment, and »';i- considered one of the fust companies of the State. It was organized before the close of the War of 1812.' The uniform- were of American manufacture. Coats W ere made of home- spun cloth, colored blue, trimmed with yellow silk braid and bright buttons. Pants wire made of white cotton jean or drilling, manufactured from No. lti cotton yarn, and wove by the Mixes Patten, of this town. Vests of the same. Gaiters made from black velvet. Black wool hats, furnished with a bl piece, impressed with the American eagle. The plumes were of white with a red top, made from geese feathers by Mrs. The., dole Goffe, of this town. In the year 1821 the company procured a new uniform, similar in style to the first one, hut of a richer material, substituting English manufacture for American. The company continued to hold its rank as one -i companies of the State until it was dis- banded, in the year 1834. Its officei> were the following: William P. Riddle, appointed first captain December 20, 1815 ; pro- I lieutenant-colonel .1 enoted brigadier-general June 24, is:;] ; promoted ma.i el -general .lulu- 27, is:;:; ; re-igned .lime \ I- :v Isaac McGaw, appointed lieutenant December 2", 1-1"'; resigned Feb- ruary 1". IMS. William Patten, appointed ensign December -go, l.-lr. ; promoted lieu- tenant February In, ISIS ; promoted captain flan April 9, 1821. Alfred Foster, appointed ensign February 10, 1S19 ; promoted lieuten- i-J"; [.unnoted captain April 9, 1821 : promoted major .tune 18, 1825 ; died in office. appoint ■! eii-i-u v. , ted lieutenant April 'a, 1821 ; promoted captain August 12, 1S25: resigned D unbei 1''. 1827. Daniel Gordon, appointed ensign A-pril 9, 1821; promoted lieutenant \ugu-t 12, 1-. Mm December 22, 185 Kufus Merrill, appointed ensign August 12. 182.7 : promoted lieutenant un December!!, 1829; resigned April John P. Houston, appointed ensign I'. , ,,,i,ei 22,1- lieutenant December 2. 1-2'a ; [ led apt. iin April 1- \i Vpri] I'., 1833 1 1. appointed ensign December 22, 1829 ; resigned April 16, 1832. Mil 18, 1832; ] i -omoted captain April 17, Is:;:; , resig 1 April 2n. l-:l Samuel Morn-on, appointed ensign April Is, 1S:',2 ; promoted lieuten- ant April 17, is:;:; ; resigned April 26, 1834 R. McLaugblin. appointed ei„igii April 17. Is;:'.; resigned July 22, l-::4. In the year 1842 a volunteer company was formed, under the style of the Bedford Highlanders. Their uniforms consisted of coats made from green and Highland plaid, with a plaid scarf; pants of white, trimmed with black velvet; hats of black velvet, with black plumes. Its first officers were the following: Charles 1. Shepard, appointed captain April 11, 1-42; resigned Octo- Joshua Vose, Jr., appointed lieutenant April 11, 1842 ; appointed cap- tain October 13, 1845 ; resigned April 20, 1847 Timotby F. Moore, appointed ensign May 24, 1844; promoted lieuten- - . 1-17 ; resigned Decem- Alfred McAffee, appointed ensign October 13, 1845 ; promoted lieuten- ant April 20, 1817 ; promoted captain December 9, 1847; (disbanded). William M 1 2.b. appointed ensign April 20, L847 ; promoted lieu- tenant December 9, 1847 : (disbanded). William McDole Fcrson, appointed ensign December 9, 1-17 , .lis banded). FfcM .net Slag Officer,. Silas Walker, appointed sure September 17. 1-21 ; resigned Septem- ber 2. 1826. appointed surgeon's mate September 2, 1826; died in office. i: ! r. ..[pointed paymastei August 25,1831; resigned Sep- I 11. Is;-; resigned March -a L824; promoted major Jq resigned Isaac Kiddle, appointed adjutai . .i Lewis F. Harris, appointed quartermaster July 23, • i. tobe: -J, 1-2. . nut ■■! .> l,ui. mi Jul 2 I- 7: resigned August 14, 1840. Leonard Rundlett, appointed quartermaster July 2n, 1 > .7 7 ; promoted a 1 IS I i. L. P.. Bowman appointed paymaster August 16, 1838; promoted adju- taut Augusl 1 1. i-i" . resig George W. Kiddle, appointed quartermaster August 21, 1848. Military Record, 1861-65— The following, com- piled and arranged by George W. Kiddle, is the record of Bedford during the War of the Rebellion: M. ni!.. lSl.il. LUoi SE' OND BEG) ffl NT Chi • Ifial red in J i 1, 1861. W. Gage Kendall, CompanyC; diedal Camp Beauford, Ml., November 15, 1861 THIRD REGIMENT (Three rears). Mustered in .i» : i.'s' 2 1, 1861. Eli E. Bowman, < ' pan] A William 11. I 'In i, i ' f;inv A ; .lis. ham.. I I'-r disability. John Locklin, (' pany II. William A liiittertield. ''..inpany II . discharged for disability. Til. .mas Adams, Company II : served three years. George w Idams, Company H , killed at Pinckney [aland, - I , \..- gust 21, 18G2. Samuel AdaiilS, C.inpain II ; .ii- hill !<•{ for disability AllgUSt 2, ISG'2. John X. Campbell, C pany 11 , w led severely June 16, 1862; .i.>- oharm-.l t..r disability Man 1. 2n. Is'.:;. \V. 11. H. N ili. -Is, Company 11 , wounded August 1, 1SG2 ; discharged for disability October 30, 1862. Andrew J. Campbell, '..Inpany II . ili...l of disease Sept. I I. .1 leE I Indrews, Company K. Corporal John A Armstrong, C pany K ; killed in action at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 13, 1864. Sergeanl George Way, Company k . wounded August 16, 1864, F01 KTH REGIMENT (Three rears). Mustered ,„ Sept, ruber is, 1861. Captain Edwin Whitfotd, Cmpaii, E; pmin. >t.-.l to captain May 1U, L865. Soryrant Thomas S. Hums, Company E. Geo] ge II Blood, Company E. Sergeant John P. Sodgman, Company K Corpora! Samuel Ii Ma.., I '..inpany K. George W. Mace, Company K. Corporal Samuel Mcl'oel, ''..inpany K. Lieut. unlit .l..lin Eullertnti, Company K : promoted t<< Inst lieutenant August, 1865. Sergeant .lames McConihe, Company K. SEVENTH REGIMENT (Tin... rears). Mustered in November 1. 1861. Sergeant Charle- c. M, I'li.i ..... Company I , supposed killed at Fort Wagner, July is, 1863. Henry Oliver, Company I ; .lied of disease Sept. mm!. or 15, 18ii2. OnBlo« 1 McPherson, Company I. John R. Young, Company I. Edward Tatru, Company 'i ; died ..!' disease March 22, lsi',2. EIGHTH REGIMENT (Three Years). I/.- lered in Dec, b . 20, 1861. Joseph F. Cady, died in service. James W Ilarriinaii, C pany I'; discharged f..r disahility March 3, TENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Mustered m lugust, 20, 1862. Corporal Alfred Quaid, '..inpany A ; captured at Fair "aks, October 27, lsi',4 : died at Anders. .nville pris- ..'i S50.00 Albert N. Jenness, Company A ; served three years . sn.oo William F. Conner, Company A ; wounded severely September 29, 1864 50.00 Walter D. Campbell, '.'..in]. any A ; wounded severely I, 1864 50.00 Charles Seavey, Company A ; wounded severely July, 1864, also September 29, 1864 50.00 Jackson Butterfield, Company \ ; served three years . 50.00 Town Bounty. Horace Tuwilsclnl. Cliipam A; w.. 1111. led severely June 5, 1864 00.00 Samuel Seav. i red three rears . . 00 Ch, ill.- V I'arkhust, C pany A, died Er.deri. Us- Imiii, I'.-ccluher IT, 1SC2 00.00 Page Campbell. Company 11; died of wounds i,,.i\,.l Mai. h II. 1864 B0.00 George C. Campbell, Company D ; served three years, oO.OO 3Has . am] I i, Compn I' wound' .1 ft! Fn burg I . ■ mb r, 1802 E Isaac Campb ill, ' ompany D iptu 1 Fair ' >aks, Ya , ".a.. I. .a jt, lsn! . .h.-.i iii Andersonville pris- on 50.00 l'anie! S Campbell, C [.any ll. di>, Inn ge.l i..i li- ability Octobel I I, Is'. I 50.00 . i. .hull Campbell, Company D ; served three years . 50.00 Andrew S. Cainphell, Company 11 ; deserted al Tal- lilouth January 22, 1863 50.00 i'Ii. H I-- S ' ampbell, pan} I 1 . disi liai ged for .lis- ubilily May 17, 1864 50.00 William Philbrick, Company 1' ; Berved three years . 50.00 ' ge \ . Bl I, Company I' ; led at r.irtsinmith, Vn, November 111, 1863 60.00 William Adams, Companj D; .led of disease at Fal- mouth January 1 J, 1863 50.011 Albert P. Kelley, Company F; dischargedaf Fair Oaks October 27, 1864 50.00 Seieeani lieiiieeC. M.l'herson, Company H ; captured at Fair Oaks, Va , ' 'ct..b.-r 27, lsr.l , died in Ander- sonville prison, Ga 50.00 John Ruby, Company II ; served three years .... .".o.liil Lysall.hr Gardner, I' pi.ny II : di-. Inn-, d t.r disa- bility April 1, 1863 60.00 Charles N. Townsend, Company II , transferred to V. K Corps August 13, 1863 00.00 II. II. Walker, Company II ; served thrc. yeais . , . 50.00 Edmund K lall, Company II; transferred to Signal Corps May 2::, 1864 50.00 John G. McLaughlin, Company II; taken prisoner; served three years 50.00 81250.00 ELEVENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). w.. tered in August 28, 1862. Town Bounty. Charles A. Riddle, Company C; transferred I.. V I;. Corps April 1"., 1864 $50.00 James A. Riddle, Company r ; wounded severely De- cember 13, 1862 ; discharged for disability . . . . 50.00 Joseph O. Smith, Company E; captured June 22, Is.;:; ; died in Andersonville prison 50.00 5150.00 FOURTEENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Mustered m Septembei 22, L862. Town Bounty. T .1 Wnju'ii. i .ii i pany 1' , transferred t., Signal Corps April 28, 1863 $50.00 FIFTEENTH REGIMENT (Nine Mouths). M,i-l,rt,l in Ocli.ber '.', lxii2. Town Bounty. John Hodgman, C pan} hi w led severely . . .$200.00 Andrew C. Giles, Company E ; wounded severely . . 200.00 William II. Ilo.l-iniui, ''..nipain E ; died of i Carrolton, Va., Jauuarj 22, 1863 2110.00 James S. Lord, Company E 2oo.oo J. I. Whitte e.i.nni v C : w. .iiiided slighily . . $1000.00 SIXTEENTH REGIMENT (N Months). Mustered ,„ October 16, 1862. Town Bounty. Robert H. French, Company G ; died in service . . $200.00 George W. Boyntoii, Company G ; died in service Au- gust 13, ISC?. William P. Mudge, Company G ; served nine months. 200.00 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. NEW HAMPSHIRE CAVALRY REGIMENT. Muttered in March, 1864. Town Bounty. Charles J. Parker ; served three monthB SSo.ijO .in paid from town treasurj for tl volunteers to Sept. nihel 1. Is...: 83150.00 L. R. Lougee, unaccounted for George B. Moore, Company K Daniel Way, t oinpativ lv . severely wound''] 1864 died at Fori Warren Samuel A. Stark, enlisted March 16, 1865, for one yeat FIRST NEW HAMPSHIRE BATTERY. i, . Jo, 1861. Town Bounty. Silas Holl t* wounded bi verely Di Charged for disability Deeelnbel II, 18114 .... Albert R. Holbr -. killed at Petersburg, Va., Julj 1864 . ! e,..imded . tl'illisleri'ed t" V. II. CorpS . . John A. Patt.n. i nhstod Mar. b .1 - .00 Edward H. Patten, enlisted March 21, 1865, for one 81000.00 $1500.00 DRAFTED MEN WHO FURNISHED SUBSTITUTES. ,„ g.ytrmler 1, 1803. Individual Bounty. Town Bounty. Oilman II. Moore 8140.00 Walter I. Bachelder 125.00 Roger H. Voso L7£ 00 i rem b 115.00 Leonard. I. Brown CharlesH. Kendall 175.00 3 1 Levi J. W Iburjr 200.00 300.00 rgeWhitford 150.00 3 1 Farnham Jenkins 140.00 I . I ..:.... rd "5.00 300.00 nch L70.00 Horace S Campbell 155.00 300.00 George B Shattuck 1> 300.00 John G, Vose IT.'.."" WalterGage 115.00 ll.rook 175.00 3 Charles 11. Sargent 175.00 300.00 John II. Lord, in person L" .00 300.00 Individual bounty added . . 2875.00 89875.00 VOLUNTEERS FURNISHED r.Y TOWN OF BEDFORD. i town cashed the United ! ' 8301 Town Bounty. 1 - Willi . , in .1.. nes 8150.00 83 K) Edwin Bums, deserted January 13, 1864 145.00 3 ■ ott 151 00 3 Bt 265.00 1 George E. Yates rgeS. Mien L98.00 John Neilson 265.00 Charles Peterson 265.00 3 lard, veteran 275.00 r. : 1) oley, died of wounds June I 220 00 | 22 3 ." V. R. C 25 00 S3300.00 Georgi w Cutler 14.00 -.. 136.00 i J15.694.00 RE-ENXISTED VETERANS.— THIRD REGIMENT. afusfered in Feoruory, 1864. 1M.I . Sergeant George Wily. Company K : rc-enhsi. . ary 12, ls.,4; wounded \ugust lb. lsnl 200.00 Cbrwin J. Parker re-enlisted February 25, 1864 ... - 1'nl RTH REGIMENT. Town Bounty. Lieutenant John Fullerton, < ...uoai.y K, re-enlisted February 15, 1864 8200.00 Sergeant John P. Hodgman, ( ompany K , re-enlisted February 15, 1864 200.U0 SEVENTH REGIMENT. Town Bounty. John K. Young, Company I ; re-enlisted February 27, 1864 820 Onslow F. .Me I* be r.so n. Company I ; re-enlisted Febru- ary 27, 1N.4 ; deserted May 24,1864 200.00 81400.00 SB LRPSHOOTERS. .1/ii.b.c./ ... Mm ch, lsi.4. Town Bounty. . Eec-rge B] L, I !ompaD3 '■ Warren T. Uackctt, Company G ; diedol' wounds June 12, 1864 HEAYi ARTILLERY REGIMENT (One Year). .1/.. ./. i < I in >' a- m}}' i 2. 1864. Town Bounty. Corporal Herbert R. Fulton, Third Company . . . . - . hailos M. B..\\ man, Third Company 300.00 William Smith, Third Company Walter M. Smith, Third Company 300.00 Ferdinaner Reuiter, Third Company 300.00 Charles O. Townsend, Third Company ; .bed of disease at Fort Williams, Novembei 21,1864 300.00 third Company ; non-resident 300.00 .Vinlerei! in .S'ej.l, mbtr 17. ls.,4. Sergeant Austin C. French, Tenth Company 300.00 Wiggin T. Abbott, Tenth Company 30 Gilmah T. Moore, Tenth Re-iment -l BSTIT1 IBS II RNISHED BY ENROLLED MEX. . • ,i March, Is*'..".. Individual Town Bounty. Bounty. ■ li. IbrooF one •. ■ ■■■ > ... .i -:; Enoch F. Gage, on.- for thn e years 2011.110 300.00 5400.00 - .00 Individual Bounty added . . 400.00 I ]..[. CEENTH REGIMENT. Ktislered in March, 1864. Herman Schnider, one year .... M 100.00 EXITED STATES K \\ \ (Nol credited on enrollment). Josiab lb Woodbury. A. \. paymaster U. S. Navy J killed on b all, August 19,1864, by a shot from Fort Wagner, while bombarding Charleston, S. C. ; bis remains were brought to Bedfordaudihi. ned with Mas.. me honors . . . . Hugh R. Barnard, clerk, monitor " Catskill." .... Silas A. Riddle, clerk, U in "and --en Captain T. .1 I. 1 -'' ami 1 Sal ' (credited on enrollment) 1-21. 1 BEDFORD MIL I. M I>1 PARTMENI W YV Wilkin- .--.-' ...I -n. . .... T. nrl. N. w TI;i nif- shire Regiment George E. W Ibui j assist First I 1 C ; . ilunteers \l Ml:ll: mi SOLDIERS FI UMSIM-D FROM BEDFORD. I" in. 'i, in First, Sei I. rhird, Fourth, Seventh and Eighth Regiments, v.\\ and Medical Departments, i. ceived no tovi □ bounty 12 m. ii in Xintli T. nlli. i:|..v..i.lli. I -inn nil. I il n.-nlli .mil Si\t. • ml., m-l I'ni.ili \ !;• ■: iin.nl-. i. ■ ceived town bountj ..I - ■.!' 1863 'mil paid from tow n t i... 1:1 GAT] BOUNTIES AND EXP] NSES Piii.l l.j tuun .4 Bi'dlunl ami Iv 180 :. t.n >nh soldiers, and i mini., i 1. 1865 Tall. July 3. 18 drafted men .... ii. t 1 I II vulimt.-.TS .... 1864 i re-enlisted .... Feb. 1. 4 enlisted-11 men . Julj 1- In men, II Artillery . j substitutes, ii,.iii... i navy, I aptain Rollin -in, n....i.i... :JT I 12 73 Km, 11,. r...||.. the .■I tm M.i'li 1 m::; I'.ii.l I l-i » lii.l.ll- In, .nil..- .nli-tim; thirty-sevcn volunteers, in Tenth, Eleventh, Fifteenth I I.' n. I "I I n.n .1 States l... enliel m i... - on eleven " -1. 1 I'hi- m. ■lii,li'»fti:ii»i.iKir. S Imuntj .-nslie.l by I.. un li, I..I..1. 1m;". .in.l 13275.00 individual bounties foi substitutes, making a total of 86575.00. 19 ',. TV,. \\ lii.l.ll, Iv.. , i 'ash expenses R. Fulton, twelve days 24 00 i rem b 2d f. ... d ., Balanrv 1-..I In il ... I, , .,-1, paid '. B Hi ire -4" T. W. Moore, Jl expensee paid Hi. k.lt. Win Bl I. George W Riddle, sei rices] lucin -in. .t.i. enlisting twelve men, getting credits, Stati l nties, et . seventeen .lavs . . . . ■ . ash paid, expenses, see bill . . . .' . ..-I. balam e on hand Received ol I S •4 nn Bl I \\ ... .....I II... k-H T'l mi -■'] 17 Balance paid from town treasury, l-.. i paid from n.v n treasui I for reduction ..I quota and enlisting sixty- l men, to Julj I, 1864 lug 1864 Expense of enlisting ten mi n, Ivan artil- lery: L. B. Bowman's bill -. , m i. .. ii I - " - » She] 1. 1 - " 23.67 M. i. I. I k\|.. im 't ■ iili-im- I ni m, n ..... , u Riddle, foui days ? - ,,,, Total la. I NTIES \\l> EXPE1 It. .ii i Amherst . Mi . i nn... i. Gonstovi i r.i\\ \> ,.-t \. page 120,560.00 -::;i 22 - I 35 I 1 13 13 38 2 ' 36,795 mi 192.00 :; 1.; j:;l nn 66,89! 29! 6.96 15 19,48 217.00 1.53 137.00 HISTORY OF BENNINGTON. HY REV. JAMES HOI. CHAPTER I. This town was incorporated December, 1842. The committee were John Dodge, John \V. Flagg and John II. Fleming. Before 1800 there was quite a population on this soil. It was known as Hancock Factory village and Society Land. You may trace the west line of the latter, beginning at Hie south am! then north, including the present Carkin place ami that of John D. Butler, crossing tin' step^ of the meeting housj north to N. Whitney's, and from that to the Baldwin Bridge, then east, takingin the houses on tin/ road to Francestown. Besides, when this ton, i wis forme:! it took from Deering some ten houses; also, a strip of territory was taken from Greenfield ami some change made on the Frances- town line. Society Land, as if it were a town, kept records, — first date, 1782, and are full ami well kept. The following quotation 1 1797) may aid the curious inquirer. Three school districts wire made bj lien jamin Killam, < rideon I >odge ami Isaac Tenny, select- men. " V..,-//i -Nnb.-rl llinsiiii.ir, Villi I I'm iii-Imii, t..s.].li llinlv, Tiiih " M„hil, :— .1 |.h id nihil. , .i.ilm Colby, Andrew Taylor, John Puf- fer, Gideon Dodg. , \ itl in I - uu, Benjamin Killam. " South.— John Felcb, II,,.,. Bell, Matthias Gibeon, Zacheue Dustin, This purports twenty-one heads of families, ami at that time living in Society Land. S e of these farms are identified, and three' are still in the family name. In early times the roads wane poor ami the hills steep. One informs the writer that her father was accustomed to go to market si\ times a winter; would load tip, go three ami a half miles, leave his load, return home and rest the first night ; start early the next morning, and he absent near a week to Beverly, Sale r Boston. This was common seventy or eighty yearsago. Sometime since the estimate of cultivated land in this town was three thousand two hundred and ninety-nine acres, ami when the country was new no doubt the crop- were g 1. There are at present some excellent farms and well culti- 'JS4 vated, whereas the many neglected ones should re- ceive more labor and more fertilizers, and SO benefit the owners. Within a lew years past some of the buildings have been repaired and painted, — an exam- ple that others might follow. The best cultivation of the soil helps the community. The facilities from water-power is anothei item. The advantages are many ; five dams cross the river, the upper lor the powder-mill, now owned by the Paper-Mill Company, to retain water tor a time of need. The ti lell Company have the second dam and the large shop attached, from this a telephone con- nects the one at Antrim, two miles distant. In this one thi' famous hammock-chairs are made. In many ways Bennington and South Antrim are inseparable,- each quite dependent on the other. The third dam is for grist-mill, saw-mill, shingle- mill, etc. The Hancock history will give early and late facts. First, Joseph Putnam, then Dustan's <& Burtt's (father and sons), John Carkin, George W. Burns, Jonathan E. King, and now, John L. King. All the time business enough to cause the industrious to prosper. The fourth dam was for the cotton-factory. This work was commenced about 1810 by Benjamin Whit- temore and his brother, the father of Amos; and soon, on the death of the second mentioned, Amos ami his brother, George Alfred Whittemore, carried on tin factory business for a lew years. Bather the bcgin- ing of it was spinning cotton-yam ; much of it was at first woven by the women in the old way. The fifth dam is at W. T. Barker & Co.'s paper- mill, where they have made every essential im- provement,- laying new foundations, putting in Steam-power for work continually, that no time be lost, 'fhe owner is prompt and thorough in his busi- ness, and seeks help that are willing to be faithful. Edward Finley, the leader in the mill, is a Scotch- man, trained to this from a hoy. In the two years past the -olid advance nt has been marked. Town Hall and School-Rooms.— For many vears BENNINGTON. there had been two school districts in the village, and, after much discussion, it was decided to unite in one district, and have a graded school, primary and grammar. The town needed a hall tor meetings and business. The committee to build the two were Hon. Amos Whittemore, William Eaton. < '. J. Kimball, George P. Griswold. The whole was finished 1871, at a cost lor the former, $2456.27, and lor the latter, $3800. It was said to lie done in a workmanlike manner. It has been thoroughlj repainted, and the past summer the root' has been slated ; cost, $313 87. The idea has been to secure I be I. est teachers and the bestschools. Much lias been done for the youth in town, and in this the lovers of good order should per- severe. On December 17, 1805, a baptist Church was or- ganized and recognized by a council, at the house of Joseph Eaton, of Greenfield, by the name of the Peterborough and Society Land Baptist Church. The constituent members were John Colby, Joseph Eaton, Benjamin Nichols, Isaac Tenney, Jonas Dodge, Elizabeth Eaton, Mary Dean, Sally Eaton, Mary Darrah, Elder Farrier, Mary B. Haggitt, Mary Hall, Charity Dodge. November 27, 1807, Gideon Dodge united. August 19, L824, it was voted to call it Society Land Baptist Church. When Bennington was in- corporated, in 1842, the name was changed to Ben- nington Baptist Church, and August 29, L857, it was voted to call it Antrim Baptist Church. Very little is known of the early pastors of the church. As far as can be ascertained, they were Elders Elliott, Westcott, Farrar, Goodnow, McGregor and Joseph Davis, and Revs. J. A. Boswell, F. Page. John Woodbury, Zebulon Jones, Am/i Jones, J. M. chick, S. L. Elliott. Rev. W. W. Lovejoy was pastor from 1850 to 1855. On January 2, 1852, it was voted to hire Woodbury's Hall, at Antrim, and February 6, L852, il was voted lo bold the meetings all the time at South Antrim. The pastors since then have been Rev. W. Kimball, L856-62; Rev. L. C. Stevens, 1863-65; Rev. W. Hur- lin, 1866-73, seven years, being the longest pastorate in the history of the church; Rev. E. M.Shaw, 1873- 79; Rev. W. II. Fish, being stated supply from August, 1K77, to April, 1878, during Mr. Shaw's ab- sence on account of sickness; Rev. H. F. Brown, 1879-84. The 6th of duly, 1839, a council was called and formed a Congregational Church. At this period the friends of the cause decided to build the meeting- house. A committee chosen, — John Dodge, Samuel Baldwin and Benjamin Whittemore. Amos Whittemore took the contract to build, and for this he employed the most skillful workers. When finished it was dedicated with rejoicing. Rev. Ebenezer Colman supplied two years. No- vember, 1841, Mr. Albert MansOD was called and ordained as pastor, and continued nine years. He still lives in Quasqueton, Iowa. June, l850,Rev. N.C. Ransom came and supplied three years. Rev. .1. M. Whiton, D.D., having resigned at Antrim, removed here and preached till his last sickness and death, September :>7, 1856. June, 1857, Rev. Daniel Mc- Clenning began a supply of near two years. Then Rev. William Claggett was here two years. August, 1861, Rev. Enoch H.Caswell supplied, who was re- moved by death, November 11, 1st;:',. Altera few ths Rev. Ira Morey came up from the oppres- sions of the South, and deeply interested the people, though his health was frail, and he died November il, L864. December, 1865, Rev. Caleb Tracy began to labor and closed January 3, 1868. There are many months between the above supplies when there was only occasional preaching. November ii, 1869, Rev. .billies Holmes Brsl preached, and continued till February, 1883. The church then sought a pas- tor, and. after the usual trial, chose Mr. Josiah H. Heald, a student at Andover Seminary, who was or dained as pastor September Hi, 1884. The occasion was one of deep interest to the town, for the people rejoiced. By the liberal subscriptions of the citizens and from huge gifts of friends in other places the society has secured a personage which is another ground of rejoicing, "Credit to whom it is due." George Alfred Whittemore, $200 ; John D. Butler, $200; Samuel Baldwin, $100 ; Nathan Whitney, $100 ; George Andrew Whittemore, $50; CalebJewetl Kiin- ball,$50; D.H.Goodell,$25; A. M. W lbury,$25; Willard S. Carkin, $25 ; other men in town, $20, $10 $5, or less sums; over thirty ladies in this place, si". $5 o, less sums; W. T. Barker & Co., $50 ; I'.. F. Whittemore, Boston, $25; Geo. E. Payson Dodge, Chicago, s.'.ii; Hon. W. B. Dinsmore,New York,$250. In this we see the people had a mind to "give." The following have been the deacons of the church: Frederick .\. Mitchell, May, 1840 ; Isaac Baldwin, May, 1840; Francis Burnham, September, 1845; John .1. Whittemore, September, 1845; Charles H. Coggin, November, 1875; Charles II. Kimball. November, 1875. The same year the meeting-house was erected the hotel was built by Arnold Burtt ; the house on thai site was removed to where Abraham Burtt, lives. The people rejoiced in having so large a public -house. That same season the new road to Francestown was made, which was a help to farmers and travelers. Before this time Mr. Burtt had built the residence that C.-o. And. Whittemore owns, and not long after he erected the large farm-house shed and barn where his widow has since lived with her daughter and family, and the mother, the oldest person in town, born April 19, 1798. John and Betsey S. Carkin came to this town in 1823. lie built the first gun- powder-mill in this section of the country and con- tinued the manufacture for over fifty years. lb- died in 1883, aged ninety -one years. His wife HISTORY OP HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. died in IStiti, aged seventy years. They had five children, — Willard Smith, George Anson, Harriet Lugusta, Clintina Marion, Edward Jones,— now all dead but Willard, who still has his home in Benning- ton, but is extensively engaged in the chain of Western Lakes as a contractor in the dredging business. Also has coal-mines in West Virginia. Consequently remains al home very little, as his business lias been entirely at the West tin- the last twenty years. John Carkin was a man well proportioned, six feet in height, two hundred pounds in weight. He was known in all this region ami tar away, as his teams carried the powder to market. His son Willard, when twelve years old, would drive one team and his father another. This son is, in many ways, like the lather. The residence of .Mr. Carkin is pleasant, farm well cultivated, occupied by Mrs. Carkin and daughter, now in her teens. The history of this town has Keen made brighter by the benevolence of this man, as well a- by the influence of his father and mother. John W. Flagg came when a young man, had learned the trade of paper-making, then worked by hand-power. Esq. Flagg was one of the committee when the town was incorporated, and chosen the town clerk for a long series of years. He was naturally an efficient man, his penmanship superior, a great reader, hue memory; now a well-preserved man, yet eighty-two last October. When in middle life he was in the excessive use of tobacco, but, becoming con- vinced of its injury, he reformed, and has since given his influence for the right, saying much to persuade youth to abstain, and is leaping the good fruit of his resolution. II, • stands in wide contrast with those steeped and infected with the poison, and, of course, he is a true temperance man. Samuel Baldwin, in 1826, came from Antrim, set up the business of blacksmith, and soon built the brick house he ha.- occupied ever since, except from 1832, when he was at .North Branch some four \ cars. Could the fact- in his lite be gathered and weighed, how much ground for thanks to Cod, the Giver of all mercy, He is a strong man in bodj and mind. He has taken - I 'are of himself, had a system in his labor, in his rest, has accomplished much and still lives in a green old age, — eighty-two last June, but seems younger hv ten years. He was one of the committee to build a church. He was a teacher in his youth of daj -schools and in the Sabbath-school dow n to this pr< senl inn. He was trusted with much business and represented the town. Here it mav be- wcdl to make mention of bis son, Samuel Dexter, who in early life carried out - 'Si though frail in health, was energetic and suc- cessful in business. George W. Hums, whose home is at Milford, has spent much time in this town; for over twenty years hasowned and operated the powder-mill; also the grist- mill and saw-mill ; has dealt very largely in wood and lumber. Latch has erected many dwellings here and in Antrim. As the railroad was building, Mr. Burns was c crned in various ways. He has furnished employment to man} men and teams, and is still operating. He sold the saw and grist-mill t.. Jonathan E. King, and at ibis writing John L. King ha- the "hole caiv .,!' the business. There is enough to give prosperity. Caleb Jewetf Kimball, son of Isaac and Lucimla (Tenney) Kimball, was born at Mason village, (now Greenville), Maj 7, 1M7; married Ruth Burge Felt, daughter of David and Susan I '..Hard Felt, of Temple, November 11, 1841. Located at Milford and resided there till 1849, when they removed to Wilton, where they remained till September is. L851, when the\ re- moved to this town. Mr. Kimball's business was that of a blacksmith and tool-maker. In 1860 he com- menced the manufacture ,.l hoe., and continued for a term of years. In 1873 his son, George E., became equal partner in the manufacture of edge-tools and cutlery, employing some ten men. Mr. Kimball was superintendent of the Congregational Sabbath-school fourteen consecutive years, I860 to 1S74. \ consist ent member of the church and society, ver_\ judicious in his counsel. The writer is picas,.! to testify that Mr. Kimball and his three sons have nothing to do with strong drink and tobacco. Frederick H. Kimball has secured the most desir- able and sightlj location in the village, and erected a home of much taste and value. His carpenter, Albert Goodwin, of New Boston, has earned in this place a high character in his trade. Josie Caldwell has built a neat and convenient home for herself and daughter, now six years old. and will not need t.. move from house to house. She adds ■ me new residence t « > the town. In the records of Society Land we learn thai the Dodge farm was taken up in 1783. Cid i Under -on ..f Jam.-. Dodge, of N.-w Bo-ton. married Charity Cole, of Beverly, Mass., March in. 1785, and moved to the house he had built. Of the four sons, John was the- one who slaved al home, and he was a leader in Society Land and Ben- nington till his death, at the age of seventy-two. This was September 23, L865. \ tew years since, the family built a large addition to the house, and the place is called '■Bennington Heights." The best barn and shed in the town; the former, one hundred feet long, i- slated. Neat bj stands the venerable elm of one hundred years' growth. The Andrew Taylor farm i- now owned by Eugene Holt. The brick house was built b\ Mr. Taylor about 180(1. The present owner has built the el] and litted the whole for boarders. May 15, 17'. 17, is the family record of Moses and Susanna Favor. The sixth child's mime was Finer- son, born July 26, L800. James E. Favor, his son, owns the homestead. Three years since, the house was burned; the bam was saved. He -con. with courage, erected a line BENNINGTON. 287 boarding-house, neat and commodious, the roof slated. The site is high. Thescenerj is delightful and is quite attractive to summer boarders. It is three miles from the railroad station. The proprietors of all these houses have teams to carry their patrons and friends, and so make their stay pleasant and healthful. John F. Dodge, son of Solomon and Susan Felch Dodge, born November 30, L833, has been these manj years a noted, stirring' man in town, a read] writer ami correspondent for m« spapers. \V. D. W Is and family are all natural singers, possessing much taste and skill in the church at funerals and in all social entertainments. Mr. W Is ha- often composed hymns and times to be used in special cases, which are a comfort to friends. He and his brother, Eben F., were lor a time asso- ciated together in tool manufacture, and invented improvements, taking patents that are used by the Goodell Cutlery Company, Mrs. F. F. Woods has for a long time assorted tin' articles made, and isquick to see any defect. Now it takes seven ladies of taste and skill to do that part. Mr. and Mrs. E. F. Woods ride two mile- morning and evening to till their mis- Hugh Bell, son of Abigail Kitterage Bell, born in Andover, Mass., February 11. 1771, married Nancy, daughtet of Captain David and Sarah ('.Wilson, of Deering. Eight children. Now, November 11, L884, four are living. Twenty-one grandchildren and thir- ty-two great-grandchildren. Mr. Bell's daughter Betsej became the wife of Samuel Baldwin. Nancy, another daughter, is Mrs. Jameson, of Antrim, who has suffered so much about her sight. Wesley Wilson, born March 25, 1810, has lived in the town from his childhood. A carpenter by trade, and does well in many others, as mason, painter, paper-hanger, pattern-maker. He thinks, is well- informed, ha- done much in all town business, repre- sented the town and is one to lie- trusted. lie it was who finished the inside of the meeting-house. He built the house from which Esquire Flagg has just moved. Uso the one this way from Mr. Carkins'. Besides, In- has fitted up many other houses. Buying th, Deacon Burnham residence, has refuted the house, shed, ham and yard-fence in the best style. He married Rachel Caldwell, September Is, 1834; she died September 25, L884, they having lived together over fifty years. Their children are Orville, born June 15, L838; Orline A., born December l'.:, 1840. Hon. \ - Whittemore waslong a prominent actor in the history of Bennington; born March 3, 1802 ; married Ruth Bullard, December 6, 1825. Before this he hail commenced business in the village. The cotton-factory was built, and this youth when aliout eighteen bought the machinery for it. The material came to use ; the large and small things were planned. A boarding-house was required, and the large brick house was erecti d Sometime after it was made two tenements, a- it is now. It required means. skill and energy. He built the brick store, then his own house, besides many others. He was kind to help others, often became suretj and sometimes to his own hurt, lie was a benefactor to the town ; gave land where he wished a vestry mighl be erected. The citizens do hold his name in high esteem. In earlj years he represented the town and later was State Senator. George Alfred U hitti more, In- brother, was born October 12, 1807. These two were workers together in many ways for the good of the community. This brother, as you have already read, headed lie subscription for the parsonage and annually helps io support the minister and make up the charitable contributions. He was the fust post- master and continued some thirty years, and represen tative to < loncord. Another brother, John J. Whittemore, horn March 6,1810, married Sarah Bullard, December 5, 1834. She was born February 20, L809. This man was most valuable in every place he tilled. He was i hosen deacon, and felt diffident about accepting the office; yet he (lid accept, and the few years he lived proved that he did right. Was much trusted and represented the town at ( loncord. These parents had two sous and one daughter, all trained to industry. How great the change when. In a short sickness, the husband and father was called to his reward, December 9, 1859 ! God's promises have been fulfilled to her whoso deeply mourned. The oldest son of this deacon, John, was manj years ago chosen deacon, and just at this writing re- chosen that he may fill the place of' his father. George Andrew Whittemore, born April21, IV, 7. He fills a most vital place in the town ; has had the confi- dence of all classes. Has often been urged toacceptof office, but is slow to accept ; yet years since so unani- mous was the vote for him as town treasurer that he accepted, and has been a number of years re-elected. He was chosen treasurer of the Congregational So- ciety after thedeathof his Uncle Amos, w ho had tilled the office some forty years, lie was first on the com- mittee to secure the parsonage, lias been postmaster since 1862. Robert Dinsmore, born in Windham, November 14, 1751, married Sarah Dickey, settled in Society Land, where, from 1781 and after, he was often in town office. They had eleven children. John, horn March 23, 1781, remained at home, married Betsej Talbot, of Francestown. He died November, 1843. Horace Fuller, a son. born February 25, 1814, resides in Francestown. Betsey, daughter of theabovi Robert, born March, L796, married John Dodge, tin- father of John »'. Dodge, who has six children, three sons and three grandchildren living. This John C. Hodge has had all kinds id' town office,— representative 1868 and L869. Samuel Abbott came from Andover, Mass., 1801 ; married Mrs. Ann Wallace. They had three children . HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. One of these still lives in Amherst,— Mrs. Sarah Dodge, a widow, eighty years of age, a ladj of much energj and benevolence. Mr. Abhott was very promi- nent in town-meetings ; died .March 29, 1833. Samuel Abbott, the oldest man now living in town, was burn in Hillsborough, October 18, 1800. He is living with a daughter, Mrs. Wilkins. In the house are four generations a1 present lime. William Gillis, born January 30, 1803, married Dorcas Pettee, and have lived where they now do mure than fifty years. Charles Gray, born in Hancock, December 19, 1800. Married, first, Edna Wilson, 1820; seven children. Married, second, Olive Stiles; child, AugustusW.; born May 28, 1843, wl arried, January 515, 1866, E. Abbie Wilkins. Twosons, George A. arid-Charles II., now living, youth of high promise. The father wasthreeyears in the war to crush the Rebellion. He is popular; a moderator of town-meetings. Samuel Whitney, son of Smyrna and Ruth (Whit- ney) Whitney, of Westminster, Mass., born March 7 1821, bought the paper-mill of G. P. Hall, 1865. Mill burned February 20, 1867, and rebuilt l.\ lum thesameyear. He died in Fitchburg, March -31, 1868. Nathan Whitney, brother of Samuel, born in West- minster, July 20, 1828. Caineto Bennington Septein- ber, 1866; took an interest in the paper-iniil with his brother Samuel, which continued till the mill was sold to settle the estate of Samuel Whim, v. He then continued to run the paper-mill in company with Lyman Patch, of Fitchburg, Mass., till Dec< inbi i 1 1871. In 1876 he hired the mill built by Taylor D. Lakin, and put in w l-pulp machinery, and run i' three > ears. Nathan Whitney married, first, Mary S. Dolman, November27, 1850; second, I harlotte M. Belcher, November 30, 1864. Their children arc Frank E., born June 9, 1853 ; Caroline L., born December 25, L856; William B., horn June 10, 1866; Sa I E., l„,rn October 12, 1867. Frank E., a graduate of Dartmouth, 1878, settled as physician, Rochester, N. II.: Carrie married Dr. Hadley, resides at Block Island; William I'.., in Am- herst College; Samuel I"., ready to enter this coming summer. B. F. George owns the place of his ancestors. He has lived in Nashua, is a civil engineer, was employed in building the railroad t.> Keene last November. He was chosen to represent the town March, 1885. Town Clerk, William II. Darrah; Treasurer, George Andrew Whittemore; Selectmen, Wesley Wilson, ]'.. I George, E. .1. Dodge; Superintendent, Rev. .1. II. Heald. Population, seven hundred ami ninety- three. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. SAMl l:i B W.l'U IN. Samuel, son of Isaac and Bethia (Poole) Baldwin, grandson id' Colonel Nahum anil Martha (Low) Bald- win, of Amherst, was horn in Antrim. June 15, 1802. In early manhood he established himself at Benning- ton (then Hancock Factory village) as blacksmith, building, before marriage, his shop ami house, where he lived fifty-four years. He married. September 30, 1830 Betse\ G. Bell, daughter of Hugh and Nancy (Wilson) Bell, of Francestown, who died August 5, 1862. A family of seven children were bum to them, two >ons and five daughters (three of the latter ol whom survive their father). Improving to the inmost his limited advantages fur education, very fond of reading, and a close ob- server, he was well informed on all subjects of gen- eral interest; earnest, liberal, public-spirited, he was thoroughly identified with all the interests ai the town, serving as representative in 1857 and 1858, ami on committee in various public enterprise-; was the first manufacturer of cutlery in town ; retired from a successful career in 1870, devoting his last years to farming, which he much enjoyed. He married, sec- ond, Mrs. Martha (Gregg) Lear, of Manchester. January 18, 1871, who died February 24 1880 third, Mrs. Margaret (Temple) Peaslee, of Nashua, Maj 2, 1882, who survives him. Mr. Baldwin died February 18, 1885, after a long life of unwearied industry, fidelity to duty ami spot- less integrity,— a loving father, a faithful friend and an humble Christian. ~X^7c&~zs*^6l Imii-i.ihlr. hi liriuii Cup Hill, bj l;n.i net Smith ul" tin- [tail l.'io'l I ii-i.ivr.- nor the rio-r, n< ,1 Wilton 1 1 then running South on Dunstable line past the West *ide iii Massapetanapas pond to tl iMltlslalile le ui T"v\ nsend ; thence ,.1 stones: thence N.ntli- lleillK tiaii-lalei] 1 1 . lit the Indian Mir-"' •e'liilH- - 1 ' ■' I lieai limn easterly 21 UH n«K I" I'llii-lalil. . ..III. I til -I nnlil li.lieil. In I T : ! '. > that portion of Dunstable situate west of a line running north three hundred and forty-eighl roils west of Flint's P.rook was legalized as a precinct known as West Dunstable. This precinct, in 1746, was incorporated into the town of Hollis, known to the Indians by the ua f Nissitisset. The settle- ment of the province line by His Majesty in < louncil, surveyed in 1741, caused a commotion among land- owners and chartered bodies politic. By this line nearly one-third of the town of Townsend from its north part was cut oil' into New Hampshire. Dun- stable was severed in twain, leaving about an equal amount of territory in each province. The new line left the grant at the west of Dunstable, known as Groton i lore, entirely in New Hampshire, and legally in possession of the Masonian proprietors. In 1749 Joseph Blanchard, for the Masonian proprietors, deeded a large part of this gore, with other ungranteil lauds, to William Lawrence and Ihirty-lwo others, it being the same territory which, in 1768, was incorpo- rated into the town of Mason. The southeast corner of Mason was then established in the province line, three hundred and seventy rods westerly of Hollis' southwest corner; and the northeast comer thereof was the si ■ distance from Hollis' northwesl corner. Mason in no part approached nearer Hollis than three hundred and seventy rods; hence the Mile Slip, so called. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COINTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Most of the earlj settlers of Hollis chose the best lands situate in the eastern pari of the precinct. The mosf eligible place for «ting-house was con- siderably east of a line drawn due north and south through the centre of the town. Everything was quiet when the first minister was settled in the parish in 1743; but in 17tii. after its incorporation into a town, .iml at the time when the second meeting-house was being built, there was much excitement about its location. Citizens of the western part of the town (now a part of Brooklim I felt much aggrieved at being left at "so great a distance from public wor- ship," thirteen of whom petitioned the General Court ot New Hampshire, praying for the " appointment of a committee to vien the situation, and to fix a place for the meeting-house, and that the raising oi it might be postponed till the committee could report." This petition was dismissed by the House of Repre- sentatives August 11, 1746. For a long time the voters of the west part of Mol- lis submitted to taxation to support the ministry there, the same as the rest of the inhabitants, al- though a new town, made up from the west end of Hollis. the Mile Slip and that part of Townsend hit in New Hampshire, by the running of the province line, was the topic which engrossed the attention of the people living in these several portions of territory. I'll.' attention of Hollis was called to this matter in 1764, when that town "voted to measure east from the meeting-house to the town line, and then meas- ure west from the meeting-house the same length of line, and all west of a north and south line to be -et off to the On. >-Mile Strip, so called." The like vote was passed in 1768, at the annual town-mei ting On the 30th day of March, 1769, this new town was incorporated by the name of Raby, so called from a town of that name in the county of Durham, in the north paii of England, from which some of its set- i lers emigrati d. It thus appears that the west part of Hollis, the northeast part of Townsend, .ait offb) the running of the province line, and the southeast part of what was 1 rroton i lore (the Mile Slip) were combined to form this township. The first settlers were Scotch-Irish Puritans by the name of Mcintosh ami McDonald. Three brothers of the last name located in the east part of the town •"i Hollis line, where a lew rough, split head-stones' in the forest shade, still mark the spot where they were buried. All the settlers, except .lasher Wyman, the (own clerk of Townsend, who was greatly disgusted at being cut off into New Hampshire by the new prov- ince line, were exceedingly poor. At first, after its incorporation, the dwellers in different part- of the town were not social ; hut the War of the Revolution soon coming on, united I hem, and they went into that struggle in good earnest. Hie Raby records are very full during this period. No census of the town had yet been taken, hut. as neai a can he learned, it contained about one hun- dred and si vent) inhabitants, and sent fort | ml" ih. land and naval sen ice of the patriots. \' ■' town-t ting, in April, 1777. the < lommittee of Safetj was instructed "to what every man has do,,,, since < 'on. ..id fight." Eleven Raby soldiers went in a Hollis pan} two of whom belonged to the Raby Committee of Safety. Mr. Worcester, in hi- historj of Hollis, wrongfully ■ laims then, a- Mollis men. The Hollis tax-lists of 1777 show that thej were non-residents, and on pages 379 380 and 381 I v. d. L779) of Hollis records are ,l "' na sot all tax payers who paid the ■'Continental tax," oi the tax assessed to pax the Hollis soldiers. Not one of the names of the ele\ en -oldicrs he el a lin- eal! I., found in this list. The following are the names of the Rabj soldiers in ih. Revolutionary War: JameE M. [ntosl i un. - Nathani. I Patl -...]. Seward, John Coni. i Sbattuck, William M.Iic Rugs. II, James Dickey, lings, Isaac Stevens. Ji . I lias alexand. I M. [nta Conick, William Span mial Hobart, Swallon Isaac Shattuck, Benj tosh, s. i Doug] i Jonas Flagg, Phin Blown. Benjamin "*ln->> \ n I.'.i--.ll. Kaiel.ill M. ■ H. D. nal I. II - Robb Moses Powell, Jam I" U, Indren Russell, 3 .- Shi dd Robert Seav. ., Tl Uatth. « \\ alia. - . Samu. I Fai nsworth, Joshn So J ' were the people at the close of the war that the\ were unable to support either a school- master or a minister of the gospel. I h. made by James Cadger, Alexander Mcintosh and Randall McDonald, the town clerks of that period, will, however, c pare favorably with those of the neighboring towns. On the 15th of February, 1786, "H petition of the citizens of Raby, setting forth their narrow limits and other grievances, the General Court annexed a tract of land, of the uniform width of three-fourth.- of a mile, from the west side of Mol- lis to the town of Raby. This time Hollis was the disappointed party. The town had been settled foi more than thirty years before it fell aide to bridge the Nissitisset at the mouth of Massepetanapas Pond. .\ source of much trouble and disgust to the people of the place was the existence of a gang of thieves in this vicinity, the leader of which belonged to Kaby. In such disrespect was the town held that a citizen took no pride in, or scarcely owned that he belonged to Raby. A change of the name of the town was discussed, and finally, on the 1st day of December, A. D.1798, — in answer to the petition of the Belect men Randall McDonald, Benjamin Farley and Alex- ander . Mcintosh,- the General Court changed the name ..f Raby to Brookline. Ecclesiastical. -The town raised small sums ol money from lime to time to support preaching till a r.ltnokUNK 291 church was gathered, on the LOthof December, L795, consisting of the following members: Benjamin Farley, Ezekiel Proctor, Joshua Smith, t 'lark Brown, Ephraim Sawtelle, Eleazer Gilson, Joshua Emerson, Joshua Smith, Jr., Samuel Farley, Lucy Farley, Rebekah Campbell, Hannah Shattuck, Abigail Saw- telle, Hannah Gilson and Lydia Emerson. Tra dition says thai these people were accustomed to attend church quite regularly in the adjoining towns previous to this time. Rev. Samuel Dix, of Town- Bend, took much interest in this little band of believ- ers, visiting and preaching to them often after In- usual Sabbath services with his people had closed. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Lemuel Wads- worth, who was ordained October 11, L797. He was born in Stoughton, Mass., March 9, 1769, was gradu- ated from Brown University, 1793. Kewasamanof exemplary character, and he secured and held the confidence of his people during the entire twenty years of his ministry, till his death, November 25, 1817. After his death the church was without a pastor for a longtime; meanwhile one William War- ren, a graduate from Dartmouth College, of 1800, was employed to supply the pulpit. He came from Dighton, Mass., and united theotliees of preach i and physician. He caused much excitement, and many joined the church, but he finally proved to lie a bad man. The town record of September 18, 1821, "chose the selectmen a committee to notify 1 >r. Warren that he is discharged from any further ministerial services.'' From this time till 1827 quite a number of differenl men supplied the pulpit, among whom was the Rev. Samuel H. Tolman. The second pastor of the church was Rev. Jacob Holt, a graduate tinin Dartmouth College, 1803, a native of Andover, Mass., ordained January 31, 1827; sermon by Rev. Humphrey Moore, of Milford, N. II. Mr. Holt was a good man, strictly sincere and conscient tous, but of moderate ability as a preacher. He was dismissed, at his own request, (no record) some time in the summer of L831. He moved to New [pswich soon after, and he died there in 1S47. aged sixty-six years. The third pastor was Rev. Henry E. Eastman, or- dained December 9, 1835; sermon by Rev. .lames Howe, ofPepperell. During his pastorate there was a strife between the different sectsabout the meeting- house. The Congregationalists left the house, and for a long time held their meetings in the school- houses. Mr. Eastman remained about two years, when he entered the service of the American Home Missionary Society. During the years 1837 and 1838, Rev. Ebenezer Hill, of Mason, labored with this church and people. The present Congregational meeting-house was built in 1838, and on the 27th of February, 1839, it was dedicated with appropriate services, and on the same day the fourth pastor, Rev. Daniel Goodwin, was ordained; sermon by Rev. Edward L. Parker, of Deny, N. H. Mr. Goodwin is a native of London- derry, was born January 25, 1809, graduated from Dart- uth College, 1835, Andover, 1838. He was dismissed May 2, 1855, by an ex parte council, "with renewed expressions of fraternal confidence and esteem; the Council recommend him to the churches of oui Lord." Soon after, Mr. Goodwin moved to Mason, when lie became a settled minister, from the duties of which he has sine.' retired. [n November, 1884, he was chosen representative to the General Court for the town of Mason. Rev. Theophilus P. Sawin was the fifth pastor of this church, installed December 11. 1856; sermon by Rev. Ezra E. Adams, of Nashua. Mr. Saw in was horn in Sherborn, Mass., 1817. He obtained a good aca- demic education, was a teacher in Lynn, preached in Harwick, Mass., and from April, 1851, to the lure of his installation, in Brookline, he was city mission ary lor Manchester, N. H. On the 7th of May, L866, he resig 1 his pastorate, much to the regret of his people. He is a man of excellent natural ability, i> possessed of a good share of " mother wit " anil is popular with his denomination. He is now (1884) located at Lyndeborough, N. H. The sixth pastor was Rev. John H. Manning, ordained March 6, 1867; sermon b\ Rev. Charles Smith, of Andover, Mass. August I' 1 , L868, Mr. Manning died suddenly of brain fever, aged forty-four years. The seventh pastor and present incumbent is Rev. Francis D. Sargent, or- dained October 20. 1869; sermon by Rev. A. II. Plumb, of Chelsea. Mass, He was graduated from Amherst College in 1866, Andover, 1869. Mr. Sar- gent is the peer of any minister of his age in the county, and he is appreciated bj his entire acquaintance, fin' meeting-house of this society was removed, raised up and remodeled, with excellent taste, in the summer of 1875, ami recently a clock, the gift of some person or persons unknown, has been placed in the belfry. The outlook for the future promises well to the ( longregationalists. fin, Methodists. -There was a certain Methodist preacher who labored in this vicinity during 1850 and 1851, called " Father Moulton " by S e, and by others "the breaking-up plow- for Methodism," and who belonged to the New England Conference. The biographer of Rev. Horace Moulton says of him: "lie probably organized more .Methodist Churches from converts saved through his instrumentality, the last half-century, than an\ other minister of our Conference." At that time the Methodists worshiped in ll Id meeting-house on the hill, and its walls echoed his ringing appeals in his revival work, in which he had been engaged in more than forty towns. lie preached the first Methodist sermon in Brookline. Rev. Samuel Tupper, of Townsend, during 1851, supplied the pulpit part id' the time. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. Amos .Merrill and others. Thechurcb was organized by the presiding elder. Rev. ( I. V Smith, May 12, 1852, and it consisted of Rev. Am. is Merrill (preacher in charge) Ralph Burns, Gardner HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Shattuck, Samuel GilsoD, Henry Spaulding, Randall Daniels and Eliab B. Shattuck. Mr. Merrill re- mained about two years, when he left for another field in Vermont, the church membership having increased to twenty-two in number. About this time, bj cote oi the town, the Universalists came in possession of the old meeting-house, when the Methodists hired Union Hall, and they worshiped there must of the time, till they had a church edifice of their own. They increased in numbers slowly till 1856, when Mr. Goodwin was dismissed, at which time his warm- est friends joined them. Some of them that went over from the orthodox were men of considerable worldly wealth, which was a perfect god-Send to this feeble little church. Gaining numbers for the next dozen years, they built their meeting-house, which was dedicated November 1 1,1868; sermon by Rev. Sullivan Holland. This church, during its history, has en- joyed the services of many pastors of various degrees of ability and spirituality, and since its organization it has been held in the bonds of peace and fraternal kindness. Industries.— Among the first goods made in this town, which brought in any money, were potash and shaved shingles. There was plenty of hard wood to he used for the former, while the hills were crowned with gigantic pines for the latter business. For the first thirt) years in the present century there was a large amount of chestnut posts ami rails made and sold to the farmers in the northern ami central towns of Middlesex County, Mass. The manufacture of hard wood, beef, pork and rum-barrels was the prin- cipal business. These goods were drawn to Boston by ox-teams, and it required four days to complete the journey both ways. Wool-carding and cloth-dressing were carried on by Abraham Betterly from about IMS until he was unable to compete with better machinery and more skilled labor. More than fifty years since, the firm of K. & E. Bailey diil an extensive and lucrative business in morocco- dressing. The large three-story structure stand- ing mar Hall & Smiths' mill was their manu- facturing establishment. Lumbering has been, and still is, a prominent business. At present there are four saw-mills in town, used principally in making pine-coopering stock. This branch of industry'is in the hands of Joseph A. Hall, who employs about fifty workmen. Hobart Kendall & Co., cabinet-makers, have an excellent water-power and good facilities for carrying on that trade. They employ more than I'orty workmen and arc putting some elegant furni- ture into the market. War of the Rebellion. — New Hampshire re- sponded promptly to the call of the " martyr Presi- dent" for men to assist in the suppression of the slave-bidders' Rebellion. At a town-meeting in Brookline, May 11, 1861, after the passage of some spirited resolutions, " Voted, to give the families of men who enlist the sum of ten dollars per month." Brookline furnished sixty-six of its citizens and thirty-three substitutes, during the war, for the land and naval service. Fourteen legal voters of the town lost their lives, either in battle or by the casualties of war. Not having men enough at any one call to form a company, they served in different regiments. Four of them were in I he navy. The following lisl ion tains the names of the Brookline volunteers, no notice being given the substitutes. The names of those who lost their lives are in italics: Thomas D. Bennett, .Inline Bennett, Moses Bohonon, Charles t ^ . . * ■ . ■ - iimii. Clinton Bohonon, .i.-M i. I : ■ • ) . ■ ■ r , . . i , , i, .■,!■« P. Brown, David H. French Lorem Green Cyrus \ Griffin // 1 ■ V Boll; David A. Bill, Ed irJ ii * ■ iel Kendall, \- J King Jamet \ Merrill, Ward '■ r. SatcUll Warren Shattui k. ;> I W Smith, Perlej A. Smith, Stephen A.& . tug, Amos 1 Spaulding, i harles It so . - Mil \ Mil-. 1'imI IV Stnwell I i'ii 1 Wetherbee, Ezra S. Wright, William M Wright Bryant w Wallace, Edward E. Parker, Charles Currier, Jamea B Burges JamesS Burgess, John C. Burgees, Eli S / pare, _• W 1 ■ ster, John A t rem h, " I ' CharlesH Gai r, Charles Gilson, James Gillie, PeterW. Gould, War- ren i' Hardy, Albert v Jefts, George II Jefts, Olivei Y. Mann, Joseph C. Shattuck. Eugene L. Nelson, Charlet Wetherbee, William H. Wright, Ltn-is I Writ/hi, Hi-urge Little, Edward V. Jefts. In those battle-years, which seem so near, but are so far away, these men went at their country's call steadily, sometimes wearily, but never doubting the justice of their cause. At the close of the war they separated and old comrades went their way in life, never to meet again. But Decoration Day affords some of them the gracious privilege, for a brief hour, to greet their brothers in anus; to call to mind again the scenes and trials of a soldier's life; to talk of the bivouac and battle, and to commemorate those sterner days noted for the bravery both of the living and the dead. A post-office was established at Brookline in 1828, and David Harris, M.D., was the postmaster. The office was kept in bis house for a number of years. It was for some time kept in the ell part of the hotel (then a store), and from thence it went across the street to the store built by .lames X. Tucker. Its location was changed twice after this time, with the change of the national executive magistrate, and finally, in 1861, it was moved to the north end of the street, where it still remains. The route commenced with a horse-back mail carrier from Townsend to Brookline, and return three times during the week. Soon after, a route from Nashua to New Ipswich through Hollis, Brookline and .Mason, went into operation, and mail-stages made three trips weekly from Nashua to New Ipswich, till some time after the completion of the Worcester and Nashua Railroad, when the route was abandoned ; the mail was carried from Pepperell to Brookline. Now two daily mails ply between the railroad station in Townsend and Brookline. The following is a list of postmasters: BROOKLINE. ted June l, L832 , David Harris, ap N. Tucker, appointed July 30, 1841 , cember 1, 1844 . Reuben Baldwin, Tucker, appointed Jul) 25, 184 9 . I 1850 ; Sumne] S. Kendall, ap] ■ I appointed June 5, 1861. Fire-Engine.- -About 1820 the militia system be- gan to be unpopular in New England. Training in the "old company" was anything but agreeable to the beaux of that period. Kims were often paid rather than to bear arms. In the large towns uniformed companies were organized, which were rilled by those able to meet theexpense and spend the time necessary to make a good appearance on dress parade. A few young men in Brookline, in order to escape this duty, petitioned the General Court for a charter for a fire- engine company, which was granted in 1826. This act exempted about a seine of the soldiers from military duty. This company has kept up its organ- ization from that time to the present, has had its regular meetings, has worn out one or two engines, and has been the means of saving considerable property from the devouring element. At the beginning of the present century, and for some time after, the number of books and newspapers to which the people had access was very limited. The Farmers' Cabinet, published at Amherst, was the only paper circulated in this town. The weekly bundle of papers for Brook- line used to he sent by the publisher to Milford, anil the subscribers took their turns regularly every Satur- day to go over after it. In 1823 the Brookline Social Library was incorporated. It contained a small num- ber of volumes of travel, history, biography and Eng- lish literature, and at first was circulated freely. After the postal service reached the town, newspapers from Boston and other places took the attention of its readers and it was little used. About 1855 the young men of the town, by subscription, purchased a collec- tion of books and held them in common for their own amusement and instruction. Additions to this library of a il'w books were made annually till 1878, when it was assumed by the town, and it is now a free public library, containing between one ami two 1 1 sand \olllme-. Representatives.— From 177-"> till 1793, when Mason had the legal number of ratable polls, Baby was classed with that town in the choice of represeu- tative to tin- General Court, .lames Campbell, of Baby, represented this constituency several times during this period. After Milford was incorporated (1794) Raby was classed with that town, and for 1796 and 1798, Benjamin Farley represented them. From the last date till 18(14 the town records do not show who filled this office, and the presumption is that a Milford man was chosen. The following is a list of the representatives : Samuel T. Boyuton, 1804, "05, '06. Benjamin Shattuck, 1816, 17, 1" •07, '08, '09. i, S e Daniels, 1819, SO l James Parker, 1810, 11, 1-2. '13, Thomas Bennett, 1821 ,.,,„ - i ...-1„. 1820 id Harris l- 12, ben Baldwin, ls:;t. Sawtelle, l-l... Benjamin Ouiil.t. I- ._• The following-named gentle justices of the peace : Population.— The first enumeration of the people of Baby was made by the selectmen in 1786, at which time its population was 262. The Unite. 1 States de cennial census gives the following numbers : 1790, 338 ; 1800, 454 ; 1810,538; 1820,592; 1830,641 ; 1840, iwi'; L850, 718; L860, 756; 1870, 741 ; 1880, 698. In 1870 only twenty-four of its population were of foreign birth, and at present there is not a specimen of negro or mixed race residing in Brookline. The town is connected bj telephone with Nashua, Hollis, Townsend and Fitchburg. for so small a place its citizens are quite enterprising. On the 8th of September, 1869, they had a spirited centennial celebration, addressed by Ithamar B. Sawtelle, poem by Edward E. Parker and chronicles by Theophilus P. Sawin. These exercises, although of ordinary interest, except to people of the town, engaged the close attention of about three thousand people. From the stand-point on the hill, where the McDonalds settled, looking westerly and southerly, Brookline presents to the eye rather a pleasing picture. The glassy shimmer of Massapetanapas Pond adds a water view to the scenery; and then the green hills beyond, and nearer at hand the village nestling at the base of "Little Tanapas Hill," arrest tin' attention. Here the houses, while they are not expensive, are, for the most part, kept in good repair, giving an air of thrift to the general appearance. An abundance of shade- trees, especially when they are clothed in their sum- mer verdure, adds much to the attraction of the place. The town has none very rich and lew that are poor; and, although they altercate and jostle at the ballot box ami different church-bells call them to worship on the Sabbath-day, they are very friendly with each other, and enjoy happy homes. " w hatever deepscience lias given ;tl oui rail, Tlie science of bom,- is tin, choict-st -I til 'T13 to beat buck these demons of dis, >>id and -in That always are trying to steal th.n w.u in To use all the means God has plai ed in OU] sight To make our homes innocent, happy and bright." HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Alonzo Stewarl Wallace, M.D., of Brookline, Hills- borough County, N. II., was born in Bristol, Mi'., on the 17th day of February . L.D. I847,and consequently is thirty-eight years of age. He is the only son of David and Margaretl Wallace. His father, I >:t \ii 1 Wallace, was born in New Hampshire, being the son of David Wallace, one of the pi :er settlers of that Stair, and is doubtless of [rish descent. His great- grandmother was Nancy Palmer,in whose veins flow- English blood. Dr. Wallace is essentially a self-made man Born and bred in the humbler walks of life, in a seel f our country far removed from business centres, and at a time when the best advantages tor education and self-improvement had not reached that section of his native State, he early felt that yearning for personal advancement — sometimes called ambition— which, in our New England life and training, has led the way to bigh ami scholarly pursuits. Unaided and alone, almost unadvised, this young man, with that resolute will and unyielding deter- mination that has characterized his whole lite, began his journey in pursuit of an education. Receiving little encouragement from his surroundings, at a time and in a community when higher education was rather despised than commended, he set to work with a zeal and fervor that found partial satisfaction in attend- ance upon the district school in winter in the little "red school-house." Being born and bred in a maritime town, be began the career of a sailor when very young, and rose with surprising rapidity in that calling, and when he aban- doned it for higher pursuits had tilled many respon- sible positions, the last being that of first mate of a barque. At the age of eighteen he began a career of teach- ing in the district schools of his native town, ami began his first work for a higher education in Lincoln Acad- emy, New Castle, Me., then under the direction of Grenville M. Thurlow. He pursued with great dili- gence and perseverance his studies, teaching in winter, attending on the academy a tern w and then, till he had mastered its full course of study and was lilted forBowdoin College. Afterward he attended the East Maine ( '(inference Seminary, Bucksport, Me. He was engaged in teaching in various sections of his native State and in Massachusetts from L868 to 1872. At an early age be was called to till the posi- tion of principal of the Rockport (Me.) High School, and superintendent of the schools of bis native tow n. Lie resigned his position at Rockport to accept the position of first assistant teacher of the Reformatory School for the city of Boston, and was soon promoted to the position of principal. He held this position tola number of years, which was an exceedingly difficull to fill, on account of the character of the pupils who necessarily attend there. He, from the first, was master of the situation, and at once gained the love ami confidence of the boys under his charge and the esteem and respect of the city officials. During his labors here he became intimately acquainted with Dr. S. II. Durgin, then port physician for the city of Boston, since and lor many years the able and efficient chairman of the Board of Health for that city. This acquaintance ripened into a strong and personal friend- ship, which exists to this day, and this, no doubt, gave choice to Dr. Wallace's chosen profession. While in charge of this important school he began the study of medicine, and had obtained a good knowledge of anatomy and physiology when he gave up his (barge to enter upon an extensive and thorough preparation for bis lit.-work. lie attended the medical school of Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., and also that of Portland, Me., graduating at the medical school of Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H.. in the year 1S74. During his preparation for medical practice he was under the instruction of Professors Frost, Crosby, Bracket! and Green, ami it is safe to say that few- young men ever entered upon their profession better equipped After six months' service at the Massachusetts state Lunatic Hospital, he resigned to acceptthe position of first assistant port physician for the city of Boston. He was s i afterwards promoted to portphysician of the city, to till the place formerly occupied by bis friend, I >r. Durgin. In 1879 he resigned the office and entered upon his practice in Brookline, in this county, where he now enjoys a large and increasing practice, and has the respect and esteem of the w hole community and of all who know him. Dr. Wallace is a member of the -ecrel I h'der nf( »dd- Fellows and of the United l h'der of the Golden Cross and Massachusetts Medical So- ciety. In politics he has been a life-long Republican and a strong advocate of the temperance cause. He joined the Orthodox Church while attending school at the Lincoln Academy, and has ever since adhered to that faith. lie is by no means in his Christian lite a bigot, but follows the ad\am,uuaid of religious thought. He married an estimable lady in the person "1 Mary F. Maynard, of Lowell, Mass., the only child of Charles and Harriett Maynard, by whom he has three children, one bearing the name of Arthur Lowell, in honor of the birth-place of his wife. The Puritan spirit, the master-influence of New England civilization, has a satisfactory type in Dr. Wallace. He lias always regarded the influence of the humble homes of New England as the great in- fluence that has shaped our New England character and wrought the "amazing miracle of America!" His estimation of early New- England life is best expressed in that passage of New- Hampshire's greatest man, Daniel Webster, which lias always been to Dr. Wallace 6U^^ ^f.24/aJ& *&$ BROOKLIN] the choicest gem of all thai man's w ritiugs, as follows: " It did nnt happen tome to be bom in a log cabin, l.ui in\ elder brothers and sisters were born in a log cabin, raised amid the snow drifts of New Hampshire, ai a period so early that when the smoke first rose from its rude chimney and curled over the frozen hills there was no similar evidence of a white man's habi- tation between it and the settlements on the rivers of Canada. Its remains still exist. I make to it an annual visit. I '-airy my children to it, to teach them the hardships endured by the generations which have gone before them. I love to dwell on the tender recollections, the kindred ties, the early affections and the touching narratives and incidents which mingle with all I know of this primitive family abode. [ weep to think thai none of those who inhabited it arc now among the living, and if ever I am ashamed of it, or if ever I fail in affectionate veneration for him win, reared it ami defended it against savage violence and destruction, cherished all the domestic virtues beneath its roof and, through the fire and blood of a seven years' Revolutionary War, shrunk from no dangei no toil, no sacrifice to serve his country and to raise his children to a condition better than his nun, may my name and the mum' of my posterity be blotted forever from the memory of mankind." Dr. Wallace's New England character and training, united with persistent energy and untiring industry, ■ n ii-, in the subjecl of this sketi h anol hei and striking example of that reward which attends upon honest effort among a people governed as we are governed. In the year 1879, Dr. Wallace came 'n Brookline. The position was one of peculiar difficulty on account of existing conditions occasioned by the great popu- larity of his predecessor, Dr. D. II. I »i arborn. Three years befon this quite a number of the citizens took the matter in hand of securing a resident physician. For years the community had depended upon medical skill from the surrounding towns. The time seemed to have come when a physician was demanded, whose home should be in their midst, By chance Dr. Dear- linni was mciih-iI, ami the hearts of the people went nut towards him. This heartiness of welcome, coupled with a skill in his profession, won him a large place in the affection of both the town and the outlying rillages On this account nearly every one predicted failure for any one who should succeed him. Dr. Wallace entered upon the work of this field under stern circumstances, and while an entire stranger, he soon gained a popularity that was as remarkahle and i wide-reaching than that of his predecessor, Within a very short time his practice enlarged to such an extent that only the possession nf an almost perfect physique enabled bim to attend in the multiplied calls u|pnn hi- time and skill. From almost the first four horses were in cnn-lant requisition, ami night ami day , iii many seasons of the year, were alike working hours for him. .Many
  • r. Wallai e, some of which taxed the nerve and knowledge of older physicians in the neighborhood. As a citizen, l>r. Wallace, from the first, identified himself with every reform, social, al and religious. No subscription paper or solicitor for a worthy object ever met his dis- approval or failed to receive heartj indorsement and substantial aid. In 1884 he was elected a member of the Sel 1 Board, and his labors in that direction, often performed under a stress of business that would have ier\ ed st ol men, ha\ e been \ aluable to the town and encouraging to every well wisher of youth. Dr. Wallace has gained the reputation of being an ardent temperance man, exhibiting his absolute dis- liki and even hatred of the rum traffic and fashionable t i|i|ilinii both in his |uol'essinnal I iii- and public career. It has been -aid many time- and with t ruth that while -..me physicians may li\ their prescriptions lay the foundation for a drunkard'- career in many lives, l>r. Wallace ci ever be charged with such a responsi l.i lily, for if he Inn ml it necessary to prescribe a stim- ulant in one whose taste was vicious, he would so dis guise it with drugs as to make ii well-nigh nauseous. We think we speak what we know when we say that be has done more towards suppressing the swinish habit of eider and beer guzzling than any ma in coi unity. Although Dr. Wallace did not unite with t he i longregational CI :h in this place by letter from the church in New Castle, Me., until March, 1885, yet he was ever in sympathy with church and pastor No firmer friend to the cause of truth and religion could be found in the community, and the pastor always fell thai he had in him a firm friend, a valuable helper and a sy m | path i/iiiLf wmker. Generous to a fault, no poor person ever applied to him for aid I. lit he received lllnl'e Ihail he asked. Hundred- n[ dollars in lulls were given to the deserving poor or those who wen otherwise unfortunate. Many will he ible to rise up in the future and call his name hie— ed and his works imhle. To lose such a man IV any community would seem to be a loss almost irreparable. The following letters will show the esteem in which he wa- held hv hi- a--neiates in linstnll " Deal Sir, In V - W nil , < m j,,,, i pin -i i ,i„,,h i,, i, ,,*.. ,,,. i.„ ., ir u, i to you in- leaving iu will bi » mro 'I ragrel but a letl Ilia lj.-lni.ll i.-i ■ |.l.;inur<- I,, in,-. I huvc known I u,l]l n\.ni- 111- -hnl. 1 11 -,-, l.,l ■ 1, Ull'l, I l.)\ ,ln,i llMll V.I- |.in - I ui I'-m-Imji, I'.i ur, -\M, 1. mi. I lliuiun-!, !ai\in,i In- il-'ta, >■ 111111..I1 tt-i p i. i-.i II" was elected l>j thi Dean, fi m trie .1.,- ,,l m,.i,l,-lm-, .,1 |l.,n II,, In :» 11m- ,lu.„- .. .,-,...,, ,1 HISTORY ()F HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. > about luilt" the \v,.rk at tlie institution, will be "f great service !■■ bitn and his patients whe 1- -tlhtlv t.-iii|M];it.-, 1:1] ui.| nj nJit in • ■*• I > J'-U i. leparates i ft " i - . if and a In mi.' and private practice, [f he come6 to your p Imii in immista ll.liiiance I have lit miii i.i-li I in Ivfliii- tin. ..Hi. i I \w -hall sni-ak ; a pj ii.i. practice 1 ■■ \ ,'IV tiul\ . -in ., 1 - II In iti.t.v, M.D., " ''in n /.'.../.... (.-...ir.l ../ lh ; I'i laic Institutions. 'Deer island, Boston Harbor, April 15, 1 ira Ives, deeply regretting -it.. \..n in aci . pi tin' accompanying ill nt id. In- li i , -alii .mil .'st. ■.■in in nil- ami associates, both officially and ■ ^ mil- most truly, ■Gui C. LM.Ktiw , Soperintenden .l.ntN \V. D.Wi.Mt N, chaplain •Horai e Berry, M D., Resid i Phye Chari i - i'. Paige, Eng 'John .1. Collier, Ulark 'John II. Swict, M. D. i.i WOOD \- i Su] erinte JAMES HARVEY HALL. James Harvey Hall, the bo William Hall, Jr., was born m Brookline.N. H., June 22,1810. Hisedut :a- tional advantages were limited to the common schools ..I In- native town; but being of a bright, active turn (if mind, In- obtained a fair rudimentary education. He worked on a farm during boyh 1, ami also learned coopering, ami whin he had attained his majority he went to the town of Lyndeborough and engaged in barrel manufacturing ; this hr continued there until the time of his marriage (1835). lie then went to Francestown, where he resided lour or five years, when the advancing aite ami declining health of his parents made it necessarj that he should return to his native town of Brookline ami take care of them. I*].!. u his returning to Brookline he engaged in a branch of business which he continued through lite, and which proved very remunerative. The homestead and adjoining lands wen- quite heavily timbered, ami he engaged in burning charcoal. He was a man of untiling energy, anil he pushed his business assiduously and earnestly, and, meeting with eminent success, he gradually added to his landed possessions; conducted farming on quite a large scale, became the owner and conductor of a grist, saw ami planing-mill on property adjacent to the home farm, ami also the owner of valuable tenement prop- erty in Charlestown, Mass. He represented his town in the State Legislature in 1869 ami 1870. He was an ardent temperance man and a total abstainer, and from early manhood was a consistent and valued member of the Congregational ( Ihurch, and one of its most generous supporters, pay- ing yearly, for several years, two hundred dollars and over for the support of the gospel in his native town. He remembered in his will the church of his native town, ami his memory has further been perpetuated in this direction by a generous contribution by Mrs. Hall for the remodeling of the church edifice, and by his son, E. T. Hall, in the gift to the church of an excellent bell, which now han^s in the tower. In business matters Mr. Hall was remarkably far- seeing ami sagacious. While proverbially slow in expressing an opinion or forming a conclusion on any subject, yet his judgment, once pronounced, was almost invariably found to be correct. Every im- provement in the social or business affairs of the town found in him an earnest advocate. He was an active, honest, earnest man, and one of the most useful citizens of his town. He was twice married, — first, to Mary A., daughter of Major Nehemiah Boutwell, of Lyndeborough, November 10, 1835. They hail five children, only two of whom are now living, — Edward T. and Mary F. (now the widow of Deacon George W. Peabody). Mrs. Hall died January 24, 1853. Mr. Hall married, as his second wife, October 2(1, 1853, Mary J., daughter of Matthew A. and Jane W. (Christie) Fisher, of Francestown, X. H. By this marriage there are no children. Mr. Hall died August 15, 1874. Mrs. Hall still sun ives 1 1885). She is a great-granddaughter of Dea- con Samuel Fisher, who came from Ireland in what was known as the " starved ship," and a niece of Mrs. Levi Spaulding, who was a missionary at Ceylon for mote than fifty years. Mrs. Hall's mother (recently deceased) was a sister of the late Hon. Daniel M. Christie, of Dover, N. H. W^r^Af /^ /^ HISTORY OF FRANCESTOWN. BY REV. W. CHAPTER I. This tract was known to hunters and explorers long before its settlement, on account ofits "beautiful meadows." As early as July 18, 1(17:!, a " plat had been accepted" uuder the government of Massachusetts, purporting to cover most of the surface of this town, as now existing. This amounted to nothing, as the location was dangerously remote from any settlements. But it shows the attractiveness of the locality in those early days. These open, green, grassy meadows urn- like oases of beauty in the dense forests. The clear- ings had been made, perhaps centuries before, i. e., by flowage. The beavers, then very numerous in this section, cut small trees and twigs with their teeth, se1 up the short sticks a few inches apart in the mud, and wove in brush between them. Then, with their flat, strong tails as trowels, they plastered this dam on both sides with mud, thus making quite a strong barrier, and raising ponds of considerable extent. As the streams were then much larger than at the present day, and these dams were numerous and put in well- chosen places, to the eye of the first white men, New Boston and Francestown must have seemed to be about one-fourth covered with water. But when, very early, the beavers had been destroyed by hunters, on account of their valuable fur (a rapid and easy work), the dams they had made soon rotted down, the ponds were mostly drained off, and over the soft ground, long covered with water, grass sprang up luxu- riantly and was just in season for the settlers. This wonderful grass crop at once attracted attention. It was of excellent quality, was high as a man's head and easy to get. Soon men came up from the lower towns in the summer, harvested the grass and made stacks of hay in warm, dry places. Then, with a rude "camp" of logs and some partial shelter for stock, they drove up cattle in the fall and wintered the n the hay, some adventurous young fellows staying in camp till spring, occupying their time in tending the stock and fire, and in hunting sable along the streams and larger game upon the hills. And this process soon led to the permanent settlement of the town. The first actual settlement was made by a Scotch man named John ( 'arson, and the date usually as- signed is 1760, though it is probable he was ou the ground part of several years before, and that other settlers had made beginnings previous to thai yeai But the spot on which Carson located, and much of the east and best part of Francestown, was then a part of New Boston. That town, granted by Massachu setts January It, 1736, had quite a show of settlers and " improvements " when the celebrated "Mason claim" was linalh successful and the title was pur- chased by the " Masonian Proprietors'' (1746). But the course of the "grantees " ami settlers of New Bos ton was so honorable toward these new owners that, after conference of committees from each party, the said " Masonian Proprietors " not only, for a small Consideration and with a few reservations, deeded the whole of the old grant, but also a large and valuable tract on the west, called "New Boston Addition" (1751). And when New Boston was incorporated, in L763,this" Addition" was incorporated with it as a part of said town, [t extended nearly as far west as the present village of Francestow n. Hence, John < 'arson, named above, was one of the first Hoard oi Selectmen of New Boston. He was also chosen one of the '' Hear Keepers." The following year the town of New Bos- ton chose John Cars. in chairman of a " Oomite lo Looke for a miniester, or minieRters, in order that we may have Some preaching." .Men livinginthe "Ad- dition " continued to be appointed to various offices for the whole town. When New Boston looked toward the attainment of a minister for the town, Thomas Quigley, of the "Addition," was appointed chairman of the committee to " talk With the Rev d . Mr. Solo- mon Moor in Regard to his Setteling in New Boston." David Lewis, of the " Addition," was twice on the Board of Selectmen. In this way, and most of the ti in great harmony, the " Addition " belonged to New Boston twenty-one years. With characteristic shrewdness, the settlers and land-owners in that town had sought these rich lands on the west, a m I several of the leading New Boston men, for various reasons, had "lots assigned to them in the New Addition." HISTORY OF im.LSROROniH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 5 i i i!»'\ 3eem to have foreseen from the first that the union was only temporary, as they voted i Decem- bei 29, L763) thai the "New Addition Shall have their pairt of preaching amongst themselves During their Stay with the old tow □ as a pearish." Hence, the fol lowing yeai thej built their meeting-house near the centre of the old town, and quietly waited till the pop- ulation might be large enough for a division. Accord- ingly, a petition was presented to the Legislature, undei date of Julj 22, 1771, and signed by thirty- nine men, asking that the "New Boston Addition" ami a part of Society Land adjoining might beincor- porated into a tow n. This petition was successful aftei the due formali- ties, and this tract was incorporated as the town of Francestown June 8, 177:2. It received its name from Frances, the wife of Governor Wentworth, and was written " Frances' Town" in the old records. They held their first town-meeting (John Quigley be- ing empowered to call the same) at the house of William Starret, July 2, 1772. and chose John Quig- ley, John Dickey and William Starret their first Board of Select men. At this meeting they chose a cm ■ mittee to "Senter the town,' 1 and went on with the usual votes and measures required in this new undertaking. The population slowly but constantly increased, im- provements went on, roads were made and the little town was every waj hopeful and prosperous. Then came the long, hard struggle of the Revolutionary War, which greatly hindered the growth oi the town. But those hardy men and noble women bravely did their part for liberty. A year before the war they were disposed to he loyal to the King, hut the cruelty and injustice id' the mother-country gradually brought them all over to the popular side. Even as early as dune ln.177". they showed their determination by choosing a committee of seven, with John Dickey chairman, "to examine and try aney person or per- sons that are or Shall he Suspected of being Enemies to the ( iountrj " That surely was pretty decided and pretty vigorous loyalty ! A large proportion of the menofthetown were constantly in the army, ex- changing places from time to time, asappears by the following record : " Voted to chouse 5 of a ( lommittee to receivi the accoumpts and prize the turns of the men that Has hen into the Searvice With out aney town bounty." From time to time they paid largely from the town treasury to fill quotas and to increase the pay of those already in the held. And theyshowed do disposition to give up. Seven years aftei the bat- tle of Lexington they voted to raise men to "Serve in the Continentle Armey for the term of three years oi during the War." When war with France was probable (1795) Frances- town voted to makeup " ten dollarsper month to every soldier, and fifty cents additional per day for any ' ex- traordinary service at home' " In the War of 1812 a large delegation from Fran- cestown were in the field. Captain Hugh Moore, of this town, commanded a company. In the War of the Rebellion — as always before - Francestown was intensely loyal. The town voted that the "Selectmen till the quota on the best terms possible, hut not limiting the cost," and to "pay thc highest sum allowed by our State laws to till all quotas this year," and so on till the close of the war. At the March meeting immediately preceding the surrender of ] they voted to rill till quotas tit whatever cost or effort, showingtheir zeal and de- termination to the hist. The full proportion of the sons of Francestown laid down their lives for the Union, The population of the town was, in I777>. two hun- dred : in 1783 selectmen returned " 65 male Poles;" in 1850 the population was eleven hundred and four- teen; 1870, nine hundred and thirty-two; in 1880, nine hundred and thirty-seven. [n this town the water-power is small, and the people are chiefly en- gaged iu agricultural pursuits. It is a good farming town. ami. with good, neat buildings and well-culti- vated land, has a general appearance of thrift and success. There is much attractive scenery, and the town furnishes a large variety of views from moun- tain to intervale. The centre of the town its only villagers a beautiful country village of about one hundred families. It* principal street is broad, well- shaded and about half a mile long, having on either side many substantial residences, and some venerable with time, though in neat repair. This village contains a hotel, library building, school-house, two churches, academy . two stores, two banks, carpenter's shop,black- smith-shop, harness-shop, milliner's apartment, two physicans, etc. Neai the main street i- a cabinet- hut.. r\ of considerable business. Also below, and on a branch street, is Mill village, so called, which is so near as to be conveniently reckoned as a part of the chief village. It has a blacksmith shop, saw-mill and about fifteen families. Francestown village is high and conspicuous from afar, and is justly an occasion of pride to the people oi the town. Francestown is located a little northwest of the cen- tre of Hillsborough County: is bounded on the north by Deering and Weare,on the east by Weare and New Boston, on the south by Lyndeborough and Green- field, and on the west by Greenfield .and Bennington. It is four miles from the railroad, the nearest depot being that of ( rreenfield. The north part oi the low n reaches Antrim depot at a distance of tour or live miles. The Manchester and Keene Railroad was chartered and surveyed through Francestown. Ih. -oil of this town is, for the most part, strong and good and somewhat rocky. The southeast part inclines to a sandy loam, easy to cultivate and very productive. The northeast part, with broad ridges and smooth, high fields, sloping southward, presents the conn licst farms. I'he two south branches of the Piscataquog River FKANUKSTOWN. rise in this town, being the only streams of much im- portance within its borders. The largest oi these is sues from Pleasant Pond; the other from Scoby's or Haunted Pond. These two ponds form the chief col- lections of water in the town. Pleasant Pond is in the north part, is narrow ami uearly a mile long, and is a placid and beautiful sheet of water. The Haunted Pond is large, circular in form, and situated in the east of the town, near New Boston line. There is l>ut one elevation of land in Francestown to be dignified by the name of mountain, and that is Crotchet Mountain, having an altitude of six hundred feet above the common in the village. It has two principal summits, one covered with growing wood, the other almost a naked, solid ledge of rocks, from which the prospect is very extensive and charming. [n the east part of Francestown, not far from the point of the first settlement, there is a soapstone quarry that has given the town some note. It is considered the most valuable quarry of its kind in the United States. It has been extensively worked for a long series of years, vast quantities of the stone having been trans- ported to Nashua and there manufactured. The work of the quarry is chiefly done by steam, and is vigor- ously prosecuted at the present time, the stone being removed in large bulk, and at the factory it is made into an untold variety of articles, chiefly stoves, man- tels and fire-places. This quarry has added consid- erably to the wealth of the town. Francestown has a national hank with a capital qf one hundred thousand dollars. President, M.L.Mor- rison; Cashier, Hon. G. W. Cummings. And also a savings-bank, incorporated 1868. President, Hiram Patch; Cashier, Samuel D. Downes. The first settled minister in Francestown, a- shown by the town records, was Rev. Moses Bradford, or- dained and installed September 8, 1790. A church had been organized as early as 177.:, and various calls had been given from time to time, hut none accepted before the above-named date. Many of the earl) settlers were Presbyterians, and the town " voted to Scttel a minister a t lording to the Presbyterans' rules;" but they agreed eventually to become a Congregational Church, and this was the only church in town until a very recent date. Mr. Bradford remained pastor of the church thirty- seven years. His successors were as follows: Austin Richards, 1827-36; Nathaniel S. Fols , 1836-38; James R. Davenport, 1839-42; Jonathan McGee, 1843-50; Lothrop Taylor, 1851 -57; Charles Cutler, 1857-66; Austin Eichards, 1866 70; Charles Seccombe, 1871 73; Henry F. Campbell; Henry M. Kellog; and the present pastor. Rev. John A. Rowell, who began service December 17, 1882. This church recently erected a new and most con- venient house id' worship, which was dedicated July 1, 1884, free of debt. A I ■out the time of the close of the pastorate of Rev. Henry F. Campbell, named above, a new church was 2u organized in town, called "The Independent Congre- gational Church," its members coming partly from the old body ami partly from without. This new or- ganization retains the old church edifice, which thej have extensively repaired and improved, making i very desirable house of worship. They arc now in fellowship with the Unitarian denomination, have a good parsonage and are united and flourishing under the pastoral car.' of Rev. Joseph Wassail. Francestown Academy has been for re than eighty years an occasion of pride and honor to the town. The first term was taught in 1801 by Alexander Dust in, a graduate of Dartmouth College in the class of 1799. The town voted, August 25, 1800, to give "permission to School Class No. 3 to maintain their school-house on the common," in which school-house, it is supposed, the academy, then called the High School, had its beginning. It was a low, unpainted, small structure, with only one room and exceedingly rude act tmodations, and the thirty pupils that at- tended must have crowded it full. Among the number this first term was lion. Levi Woodbury, LL.D., then a boj id' eleven years. The school was open only one or two terms each year for a long time, and under various teachers, and with no great success. fhc academy » as not incorporated till June 'J-t, 1819. About this time the corporation, by gift of in- dividuals in the town, came into possession of the upper story of the "Old Brick Academy," still stand- ing on the cast side of the common, and lure many prosperous terms of school were kept. Here Dr. Bard, Isaac"). Barnes and others taught, and here Presi- dent Pierce and other distinguished men lilted for col lege. In 1X41 an old building was moved on to the spot occupied by the present edifice, and lifted up for the better accommodati if the school. Here, under Rev. Horace Herrick and Rev. Harry Brickett, the academy flourished and gained an excellent reputa- tion. The old building, just repaired and occupied to the full, was burned March 27, 1847, and the pres- ent desirable building was built the same year. I lie academy celebrated its semi-centennial May li. 1851, at which Hon. Levi Woodbury, a pupil of its fust term in 1801, gave the oration, and President Pierce and others made addresses. The old institution i still in a prosperous condition. It has done a greaf deal for the community. Many of its pupil- have come io honor, i »ne President of the United States, two Inited States Senators, several Congressmen, one major-general and many judges, lawyers, minis In-, do, tors and inventors began their c >c of study here. The instructors sine L841 have been Rev. Horace Herrick, Rev. Harry Brickett, Professor Henrj I-',. Sawyer, tbn. Sylvanus Hayward, Dr. Martin V Root, Rev. Charles E. Milliken, Rev. Samuel B. Stewart, Rev. Frank G. Clark, Professoi Samuel B. Prescott, ThomasO. Knowlton, Esq., Professoi ion, 800 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. E. Vose, Professor H. S. Cowell and Professoi B. S. Kurd, the present successful incumbent. Franccstown may fairly be credited with a people of greater education and intelligence than most New Hampshire towns. Nearly all its citizens have been, more or less, students, and many graduates of the academy. Hardlj a man can be found living here, having been born and brought up in the town, who is not capable of doing anj and all town business. The women also are well educated. The long-continued existence of the academj here has tended toelevate the people, and to lead them into superior lines of reading and thinking. Young hearts have la-en tired with high ambitions all these years. As a con- sequence.a host havegone from this town to fill places of trust all over the land. in even thousands of places of honor and importance the sous and daugh- ters of Francestown may be found. They have learned to work their way. They can be trusted. Many of more recent years are now silently building up for- tunes and reputations. They will be heard from. They will make their mark on society. They will mould future opinions and characters. Bui onlj a tew names among these worthy sons of Francestown can be given in this brief sketch of the town,— a sketch mid'' all lie- mure brief because a full and careful history of Francestown is expected to follow at no distant day. Some leading names are these: """ Levi \\ llmry, t.l.l' I... 111 ii ., -_■, 1789; gradui I 1>;,1IU,. .nil, Cull, -^.- lsoo ; ,„l„,il(,.,| , |, :u |,|_. ,,,.. I"'". town clerk and chairman of selectmen, Francestown, 1815; judge ofSnperioi Court 1816, al early ag twenty-seven veal " f the State 1823; Speaker ol the Hon i 1825 twic. i nited •'"' ■ S i . Sei retarj ol the Navy; - tar: o ' '""■'! sriii.- >,i, ■.,n,i „l, i, i,,., ,„, s j|j neof his daughters, Harriettc Newell, gradu- ated at Mount Holyoke Seminary. Mr. Kingsbury remained on the home farm till his marriage, which was in his twenty-eighth yeat Hi married, May 7. 1822, Sally, daughter of I.I, . , , and Lucy (Battelle) Everett, of Francestown. Her parents were also from Dedham, Mass., and were from a some what noted family, of which Edward Everett was, perhaps, themost famous member. Her grandparents on the maternal side were Ebenezer and Prudence ( I >ra per ) I'.al telle. On the paternal side she is descended from Richard Everett, who was one of the original thunders ol Dedham. in L636. The family have al ways been, ami are yet, a prominent one in the town, ami particularly in (hat part of Dedham now Nor- wood. Mrs. Kingsbury's lather was an industrious and prosperous farmer, and did considerable at lum- ber business. When George Kingsbury was married his father pun based a farm near the old homestead, and George took charge of it and resided there al I seven years. The old gentleman then sold this place, and George went on another farm belonging to his father, where he remained three years, when he pur- chased a farm of his own near the soapstone quarrh s, ami on this place he remained twenty-six years and reared his family until his youngest child hail he- come of age. He then sold his farm to one of his neighbors, and. purchasing a pleasant building sit. in the village id' Francestown, with eleven acres ofland spent. He was by nature and dustrious man, and even at with him for hard labor In habits of a lifetime, but an energetic and in ic necessity was passed lid not lay aside the continually active in beautifying and improving his lion ic and surroundings up to the time of his death. He was a man who attended strictly tohis private business affairs, and had no ambi- tion to hold office or mingle in public a Hairs. II. was, theoretically and practically, an earnest friend of (lo- calise of education. I lis own children he kept in con slant attendance atthe academy in their native town, and when money was needed lor any purpo-i pertain ing lo the educational int. rests of the community he was always among the first to respond. f arc years, during more than half the lattei part of his life, he was an earnest member of the Congregational ( Ihurch. He had six children. Harriettc N., married Sylvanu- Jewett, a Presb) terian clergyman, and had one daughter, Hattie Newell, who only lived to be four years old. George, married Betsey L Hyde, of Francestown ; resides about two miles from the village, and i- a prosperous farmer. They have three children, — ( leorge HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Albert, married Sadie M. Heald, and is now manu- facturing ice in De Land, Fin.; Warren, married Ella \. Wagnei (thej have 01 hild living; they re- side in Duquoin, 111., where he is in trade); Henry L., a build in.!: inn tractor, married Nellie II. Stevenson (thej have one child, and reside in De Land, Fla). Sarah E., resides a1 home with her widowed mother. Hannah I'., died in infancy. Caroline II.. now the widow of II. F. Blakeslee, of Illinois ; he was a machinist, and his son George has followed in the same occupation. She has four chil- dren, three sons and one daughter. Their children were George, married Mary R.Holl (has three children and resides in Duquoin, 111. I; Mary E., their daughter, married John L. Holmes (he is in trade in Chicago, and hasoneson); Frank A., another son, is in school; and Willie Everett, the youngest, lives at present with his mother in Duquoin, 111. Mark Justin, theyoungesf of the children, enlisted in the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, United States Volun- teers, September 5, 1861 , and served i hrough the war, participating in numerous engagements, among others, Shiloh, Fori Donelson and Fort Henry. He was mustered out in 1864, and afterwards became pur- ser on the United state- transport steamer " Colonel < Jowles," and died while in this employ, April 12. 1865. He was an heroic soldier, a true and devoted son and an intelligent, cultivated man. When in the service he always refused a furlough, on the principle that married men who had wives and children to look after should receive whatever favors of that kind there were tobegranted. His earlj death wasa severe blow to his aged parents. His remains rest on Dauphin Is- land, Mobile Bay. I reorge, the elder brother, was also a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, lie enlisted in the Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, September 27, 1864, was in the siege of Petersburg, etc., and served until mustered out at the close of the war. George Kingsbury, Sr., died October 14, 1869, aged seventy-four years, eight months and fourteen days. HISTORY ()K GOFFSTOWN. C HAPTER I . Geographi at The First Settlements— Names ol P nal Grant n i ■ i t u n \ t Phi Bfasonian Claim Grant <>f Goffs- t,, WM Condlti ni ■! '■!">! 'Hi. Hasting Business The Masting Troubles Thi King's Sherifl -Incident THEtown ofGoffstown lies in the northeastern pari of the county, and is bounded as follows: North by Merrimack County, cast by Merrimack County and Manchester, smitli by Bedford, and west by Weare ami New Huston. Edmund Burke, the great English statesman, once remarked that "they who never look back to their ancestors will never look forward to posterity," and there is great appositeness in the remark. He who never suffers his mind to revert to the past, its actors or its story will care little tor the welfare of the fu- ture. He is supremely selfish who gathers the har- vest without one thought of him who plowed the sward and sowed the seed, or upward unto Him whose sun warmed and whose rains watered it, and whose care watched it through each successive stage of its growth. It is natural and commendable to look to those who have gone before us; thej toiled through the sum- mer's licit, winter's cold, and we are reaping the benefit of their labors ; they hewed the ancient w Is away and left us these cleared fields, ready for the plow, the seed and the harvest. They were ready to do all and to sutler all that they mighl plant a garden here in the wilderness. They called no man master, and the germ of freedom which they planted here became the uoble liberty tree of the Revolution. It is natural that we should wish to know some- thing of these pioneers of civilization, of their toils, of their privations, of the courage with which they braved the perils of the wilderness, of wild beasts and of wilder men ; for from them is derived all that is peculiar to the New England character, its energy, its perseverance, its ingenuity, its hatred id' tyranny in all its forms and manifestations How valuable would we esteem a diary of one of the earliest settlers of the town! We would like to know what were tin thoughts of Job Kidder, when Iran faithful dog of the approach of Indians, who fre- quently passed his clearing in crossing from Amos- keag Falls to Goram Pond, when, as was his custom. In- retreated to his log shanty and there, n H h his three guns and no other companion, he was ready to let them pass or fight as they chose; or Matthew Kennedy, hauling hay upon a hand-sled from the hog in New Boston, to keep his cow and three sheep from starving during the long winter, with no other companion but the howling wolf; or of Mrs. Gil- christ, a widow, who lived solitary and alone near where Charles Hadley now lives, who, when returning from a visit at a neighbor's living near the old Cum- mings Butterfield house, being upon horseback, with her youngest child in her arms, heard the screams of two catamounts in pursuit. Casting away the child's blanket to attract the attention of the beasts and de- lay pursuit, she clapped one foot upon either side of the horse and run him home, just entering the log stable and closing the door as two large-sized cata- mounts sprang upon the hemlock trees which formed the corner-posts of the stable, tearing away the hark- in their efforts to reach the horse, which they were unable to do, though they persevered until nearly morning. An insight into their .very-day life and thoughts would he most valuable ; hut they have passed away, and the story of the early settlers ofGoffstown, with its startling romance and stern realities, has nearly per- ished with them. Few materials only exist, scattered and imperfect, in musty records and uncertain tradi tion, gathered only by great labor and antiquarian zeal and patience, and these, though unattended by im- portant consequences, nevertheless possess peculiar interest. Co back a little more than a hundred years. Weare looking out from beneath the topmost branches of a tree upon the summit of the Uncanoonucks; far as lie eye can reach stands the primeval forest; through the interlacing branches of the trees we catch glimpses of the waters of the Piscataquog. \nii|i;is Dodge, John Dins] 'c. McClary and Sessions have made a little clearing upon the south side 303 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. "i the nntain. Mr. Todd has toppled down a few trees at the Moore place. Butterfield and Robie have let daylight into the forest a little north of Mr. Todd's clearing. Matthew Kennedj is one of the first settlers, and the first white child born in town was Samuel Kennedy, his sun. He lived where B. F. Aiken formerly lived; we see his farm in quite a flourishing condition as compared with his neighbors, ami there is Lieutenant Moses Little living half-way tip the Robie Hill, with his four acres of cleared ground; Asa Patteehas a clearing, and lives in a smart frame 1 1 inke from the chimney of which rises above tin trees, and is nearly, if nut the identical house, west of Mr. Balch's; and his neighbor, Job Dow, lias a fine house for the time, where Joseph Hadley now lives, while the smoke of John GofFs chimney rises from the site now occupied by Mrs. Artemas Whit- ney's house. Alexander Walker, the old town clerk, has quite a large clearing upon what is still called the Walker place, though now owned by Lewis Sargent, where .Mrs. Walker, of Irish origin, extracts teeth, and is the obstetrician of the settlement. They have a numerous family, and are regarded wealthy; but one alter another of their sons becomes dissipated and involved in debt, for the payment of which the old gentleman became bound, and he ends his days in the poor-house or is supported by the town. Samuel lilodgett has a large clearing a mile or so from Amoskeag Kails, ami is regarded the wealthiest man in town, as he was in main respects tic most remarkable one. These families are scattered along the hillside, hid away in the sunny nook, by the meadow patch or buried among the dark piues on the hanks of the river. An honest and. with some few exceptions, a frugal, faithful and pious people, all foreigners or of foreign extraction, who. in common with other settlers of New England, came here for the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty, which was denied them in the country of their birth. They sought and found it in the country of their adoption, through much tribulation and many perils, perils to which men of ordinary will would have succumbed ; perils which the brave heart can alone encounter and conic off victorious ; perils from which there was no escape by day, and which the night onh served to magnify and to till with more glu. mi\ forebodings. Men toiled and worshiped with their rifles by their side, and the mother, when she laid her children down in sleep, knew not but their slumbers would be disturbed by the war-whoops of the merciless savage. For one hundred and thirty years, including the earl) settle- ment of this town, the Indian wars, with but brief intervals ot peace, had continued. Professor Sanborn, in his "History of New Hamp- shire,'' says, — i lurked uear every dwelling ; the farmer at his toil, the worshiper at the attar, the mother I--M h. iltant -Illicit) I lie III U \\. -li' tin' VH 1 1 Ills nl (lie i m . i . ij, -■ i c | .ecu i iii New Hampshire visit,-, t anil the atio.-ities cii fields wit 1 1 iirnicil linn si.l.s ,,, within then Hill-en f-iint tie in-- IveE up in ni' M .1 I. ii 11 Ici-Imii.|> iin.l s. in- hail 1 n iiniritereil. hero- no day without e.n .-in l -..c i , '. ' i li u is nnpossil.le tu enjoy the meagre comforts which fire and slaughtei hads] I Then rerj dreams were t, 1 1 m, , i.. . ,,u.. mil tie- -■ alpine-knit me.it" flash 1 iet. ire tln-ir eyes, and the war-whoop resound in their ears, To most men a premature ileatti wiml.l ha\e heen pnferrcil I., siieh alite. It was i . 'i I. y of apprehension, alarm, terror and suffering Judge Smith, of Exeter, remarks that, "drawing a circle round this village as a centre, twenty-five miles in diameter, the number killed and made captives by the Indians within it was, during a period of forty years, seven hundred." In 1710 the brave Winthrop Hilton fell while at work in his own w Is.' He was regarded as the most fearless of the brave, the most venturous of the daring, and his death was universally regretted by histownsmen. His sharp, black eye and long, bright gun struck terror into the hearts of the savages. They thirsted for his blood. In 17-T' the State of New Hampshire suffered from an Indian invasion, when all the horrors of the former Indian wars were revived and renewed. The frontier towns of Keene (then called Upper Ashuelot), Swanzeyi Lower Ashuelot I and Concord (then known as I'etiiiacook Isull'ered. besides many other towns, which were visit etl ami some murders were com in it ted, houses burned and harvests destroyed. No man walked abroad unarmed ; it was unsafe to leave the stockade to milk a cow or feed an animal- Robert Walker, being in the habit of trapping upon a. small stream in the neighbor] loi Hiram Tirrell's, noticed upon several occasions that tuts had been taken from his traps, and one morning, while passing down this stream, being upon land formerly owned by Hadley Stevens, he espied tin Indian taking aim at him with his gun. Walker waited a moment, calcu- lating about the time lie would pull the trigger, which he did, and dropping at the critical time, the ball from the Indian's gun passed over his head. The savage gave a whoop, supposing that his shut had been fatal to Walker, and rushed towards him for his scalp ; Walker sprang up, brought his gun to his left shoulder, tired and killed him. Being fearful that other [ndians were near, he started for the garrison immediately, but afterwards visited the scene, and found where the Indian's ball had struck, and judged that he did not drop a moment too soon to avoid being hit. Walker's gun was fixed for a person shooting from the left shoulder, a place in the breech being hollowed out for the cheek, ami the identical gun is still in existence in that ncighhorh 1. The territory now known as the town of ( loffstown, in connection with six other townships, was granted by the Great and Robert Tufton, upon condition that he should take the name of Mason. Massachusetts unjustly claimed the entire posses- sion of Mason's grant, and in 1641 assumed the gov- ernment of New Hampshire, and, finding that she could not make g I her claim before the King in Council, she very cunuingU adopted the plan of granting townships to actual settlers upon the land thus claimed, so that the fee in the same should lie in the people of Massachusetts. Souhegan East (or Bedford), Souhegan West (or Amherst), Narragansett No.4(orGoflstown), Rumford (or Concord), Bakers- town and Tvngstown (or Pembroke), were each char- tered upon this plan. When the controversy was settled between Massa- chusetts and the heirs of Captain John Mason, com- monly known as the Masonian proprietors, the latter, establishing their claim, made a grant of the town- ship of Goffstown (Hollo is the Celtic lor Smith) to Rev. Thomas Parker, of Dracut ; Colonel Sampson ■Stoddard and John Butterfield, of Chelmsford ; Joseph Blanchard, Robert Davidson, John ( ' nbsand James Karr, ofDunstable ; JohnGoffe and John < toffe, Jr., James Walker, Matthew Patten, John Moore, Timothy Corlise, Thomas Farmer, Zaccheus I lutting, Samuel Patten, Alexander Walker, all of Souhegan East (or Bedford) ; Thomas Follensbee, Joshua Follens- bee, Caleb Paige (who cleared and settled upon the Abram Buzzel place), Benjamin Richards, (previous to the expedition against Fort William Henry ten sachems had been dispatched by the French as mes- sengers to the northwestern tribes, to invite them to become the allies of the French. In consequence of this summons a tribe, called the Cold Country Indians, appeared at the siege. By these cannibals many of the prisoners were slain and eaten. Two of them seized a lad mimed Copp and were leading him away by the shirt-sleeves. His cries caught the attention of Benjamin Richards, who was a hold, athletic man- one of the Rangers enlisting from Goffstown — who rushed after them and snatched away the hoy, leaving the shirt-sleeves in their hands. Colonel Bailey was pursued by these savages and ran hare- footed through the woods to Fort Edward, a distance of fifteen miles, and thus escaped being roasted. Colonel Rogers' brother, Richard, who was a captain, died of small-pox a few days before the siege of toil William Henry). Peter Morse and Caleb Emery; John How, Peter Harriman, of Haverhill (afterwards a soldier in the French and Indian War; was at the sacking of Quebec, and subsequently settled upon the place where Stillman Merrill now lives 1883); Abram Merrill, Benjamin Stevens, John Jewell, Ephraim Martin, Nathaniel Martin, Aaron Wells, Caleb Dalton, all of a place called Amoskeag ; James Adam-, son of William Adams, William Orr, Job Kidder and John Kidder, of Londonderry; William Read and Robert Read, James McKnight, William Cummings, all of Litchfield ; Samuel Creggs, Edward White, Esq., John White, all of Brooklyn; which grant was made at Portsmouth in the month of De- cember, 1748, upon the following conditions and limi- tations, viz. : "That the whole trai i, saving the partii iilar tracts hereinafter n- [ i- o .. ■. 1 , n luMnl inc. siNl v-.-i^lit Mian's, .■!■ lights, anil i-a.-li shall- in right be laid out into thr listinct lots, and numbered with the sa numbe sach of said ha- the number begin with one and end with sixty-eight : thai iiio.l tin- sahl slian-s !.-■ lor tin- Ills! Inioisr.-l nl Ihi' Gospel, *\ii. i -hall hr settled <>n Baid tract of land hereby granted, and .shall remain there during Ins life, or until lit- shall In' regularl} dis 1111--1 'I, I., hold I" him, lii- heirs anil assigns, ami nihil hit "i shun t.il' and ti. waul tin: -npl". II "t til.- Oiispi'l i-tr\ t'.il'iv. a' ; that lwi.nl tin' tlil.-i- hits that Shall h-hiii- t., .aril shaiv shall o.ntan hun- ' I acres each." But without quoting further, it goes on to state that the minister's lot shall be as near the meeting- house as possible, and that another of said shares he reserved for the use of the proprietors, the grantors ..I the said premises and their assigns forever; that seventeen of said shares he exonerated from paying any charges towards a settlement and not held to the conditions of the other shares until improved by the owners, or some one holding and improving under them; that within one year from the time of draw- ing each owner of a share shall have a house sixteen feet square, with a chimney and cellar, upoi f his lots, and some person living in said house, and four acres of land inclosed, chared and lifted for mowing and tillage ; and in two years have four acres more cleared and fitted for mowing and tillage; ami in three years have lour acres more cleared, making in all twelve acres from the time of drawing. No small amount of labor with our present facili- ties of doing business, and at that time it must have called forth all of their hardj strength and endurance. And furthermore, "that the settlers, within three years from the time of drawing for shares, build a meeting-house tit for the worship of God, for the use of those who shall then or subsequently dwell within said territory of Goffstown, and after three years from the lime of the completion of said house shall constantly maintain public worship of God therein. That each owner of the said forty-eight shares shall, at HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. or before the drawing for lots, pay the sum of thirty pounds, old tenor, including whal they have already I >:iiil, tow aids carrying on tin* sett lenient, to be depos- ited in the hands of such persons as the owners shall cl se, i" defra) thecharges of surveying and laying the land out into lots, building a meeting-house, sup- porting the gospel lor the first six months, laying out highwaj s, etc. " That all white pine trees grow ing on -aid nan of land, lii lor Ids majesty's use ill masting the Royal Navy, lie and are herebj reserved to his majesty, his heirs and successors forever." This was likewise a condition of the charter of incorporation, and many a mast has Goffstown furnished lor the royal navy. But, luckily, to the conditions herein stated, through the bravery of our forefathers, we are not at this day hidden. The even! of the Revolution effaced all titles of royalty. The school lot was near the Samuel Robie farm; the minister's lot at Deacon K. I'. Sargent's, or where William Hopkins now (1883) resides; the lot for the support of preaching near Walker Little's. Goffstown in former years afforded a vast quantity of lumber, and in the time of royal sun eyors, deputy surveyors and agents were always appointed to pre- vent waste in the King's woods. Masts of great size and extra quality were cut upon the Piscataquog and it- branches lor the royal navy. The stump of a pine-tree is now, or was a few years ago, upon the Jonathan Bell farm, where a yoke of "six-fool " eat lie wire turned around upon its laic The tree was so large that it could not he drawn oil', and Captain Kliphalet Richards said " it took about all tin rest of the wood growing upon an aire of ground to burn it up," But if they had let it remain until this day, there are those who would have removed it, sawed it into planks, made it into sashes and doors and had them in houses in Australia in about the time they wen- burning it up,— such now is the excellence of machinery and the power of steam. Vet had we ol this generation forests to clear, Indian wars to light, the Revolution to pass through and a government to establish, it is doubtful whether we should have had the steamboat, railroad, electric telegraph and tele- phone to hoast of as the inventions ol' the nineteenth century. Arts never flourish in time of war, and invention is all directed to the production id' more efficient weapons for the extinction of the human race. The masting business was so important that troops were repeatedly ordered out to protect the mast-men. The officeof surveyor of the King's w Iswas hidden by Governor Wentworth, who had his deputies in all places where the pine grew in plenty. These deputies were the cause of a great deal of vexation and trouble. The owner of the land, before he com- menced cutting, was under the necessity of employ- ing a deputy surveyor to mark the trees upon the land reserved for tin- use of the King, and if he ne- glected to have his land thus surveyed, from inability to pay for surveying, or other cause, and proceeded to cut his lumber, the same was forfeited to the Kim;-. In this way. whole mill-yards of lumber got out by the settlers for building their houses and barns, were often forfeited. I'he Governor would rich- past the mill in a coach, stop, ami order the broad arrow to he marked upon each log, and the same was the King's. After this mark +, the owner or mill- owner dared not touch a log. They were then adver- tised and libeled in a Court of Admiralty, and sold at public auction, and the proceeds over and above ex- penses went into the King's i reasurj . But, something like official transactions of this day, if the proceeds of sale com red expenses, it was not inquired into very much, especially if the Governor stood well with the King. In the New Hampshire Gazette of February7, 1772. a large l,,t of lumber was advertised as being seized in this wa> at Richard's, Pattee's, Dow's and Rowle's mills, in Goffstown, and Clement's mills, in Weare (at the (til-Mill village, at the mill formerly owned bj Christopher Simons). Such seizures made a -real many patriots ready, by revolution or any other way, to change a government so annoying. On the 13th of April, 1772, .Mr. Whiting, King's surveyor or sheriff of Hillsborough County, and a Mr. Quigly, his deputy, of New Boston, proceeded to Clement's Mill to serve an Admiralty writ upon one Mudgett, who lived at the Oil-Mill village. Mr. Whiting made the arrest, but Mr. Mudgett suggesting that he would furnish the necessary hail in the morn- ing, the sheriff and his deputy went to Mr. Quigly's tavern to put up forth.- night. Meantime the lad of the arrest got noised about and a most lemarkahle bail was got up. In the morning some twenty or thirty men, with their faces blackened, rushed into Whiting's room, who, seeing their intention, seized his pistol and would have tired had he not been seizi d himself and disarmed, and most gloriously pummelcd by tin- incensed lumbermen, two on a side holding him Up by the arms and legs, while others crossed out their accounts of certain logs, hauled and forfeited, upon his naked hack. Quigly, his assistant, showed more tight, and was secured only by taking up the ceiling over his head and heating him with a long pole thrust down from the garret. After stirring him Up with the aforesaid long pole and beating him to their heart's content . he was secured, their horses were led to the door, and amid jokes and jeers of the populace (their horses' tails, manes and ears having been cut oil) the woe-hegone officers were assisted upon their hacks in no gentle manner and sent oft'. This was a high-handed outrage and ill-brooked by the sheriff, who was disposed to have things bis own way. He proceeded to Colonel Goffe, of Bedford, and Lutwiche, of .Merrimack, who, at his request, ordered out the posse comitates, and armed with muskets marched to the scene of the outrage, hut the rioters GOFKSTOWN. bad Bed to the woods. One of them was subsequently found and ri mi in in ii I in jail. The War iif the Revo lut ii in - aftet coming on, Mudgetl and " his bail " escaped punishment, and the affair in a few years was looked upon as meritorious ratlin- than otherwise. The old meeting-camp was a little waj from Joseph Hadley's house, or between Hamilton Campbell's and Mr. Grant's. One hundred oxen were kept there. There was another camp about a mile from this. A man. by the name of McAfee, once, in the spring ul the year, crawled upon his hands and knees from one camp in the other, for which he was to receive a beaver hat, which was not paid. Alfred Story's grandfather once saw a monstrous mast drawn down the Piscata- quog River b) e hundred oxen, and when neai where the] tow bridge now stands the sled cul through the ice, but was pulled out and taken down the .Mast iiia.l to the Merrimack and probably went down the navy. (Mil Captain Kliphalct Richards saiil "that he bought the timber upon ten acres of Parker's inter- vale for one hundred dollars, and the masts and timber were so thick upon it that he was obliged to haul a large portion away before felling the whole. There was ncit room enough for them all to la) without lying upon each other, which would make ii inconvenient to get them off." Another condition in this grant was (ami it would have been well if it had never been annulled, or rathe] that it had been revived alter the Revolution and continued to our day), viz.,— "That no hindrance to the llee | ulSsll HI' ' 1 1' I ll e 1 1-1 1 I"' | ' I Heed I leloW the cToteh of the river, so called, or where the stream branches off to New Boston and Wean ." It is a shame that a few mill and factory-owners, by not being c lulled to build fish-ways, should keep back from our streams SO miieli excellent and healthy food as the sea-fish, which were accustomed to come up here and spawn, afford. The salmon, shad and alewife ought still to inhabit our streams a part of each year. During the earl) settlement of our town they constituted an important -nunc of food. One of the oldest inhabitants of this town, who died a few years ago (Captain E. Richards), said that the salmon collected together in such numbers intheSquog Opposite Mr. Whitney's, in what was and now isealled the Deep Hole, that the noise they made by slapping their tails upon the water as the) were foiled above the surface by the pressure of those beneath, that some men who were working near the river thought that the Indians were crossine;, and only discovered the real cause when reconnoitering more closely, to make certain before spreading the alarm of "In- dian- !" The same person used to tell of the great success he had iu catching salmon just above Dow bridge, where the Indians, in olden times, cut a handle in the side of a large rock to help them climb its steep face I roll I the project ill" pail where their feet stood, I 'I'll is handle was broken oil by William Merrill, when a wanton boy, throwing a stone.) Mr. Richards said the) took three barrels of salmon at that place in one day. in the grant of this town the legislature of Massa- chusetts reserved such quantity of land as was deemed proper by the court for the fishery. People at the present day can form no proper estimate of the abun- dance "f fish that swarmed in the Merrimack ami iis tributaries, 'the river, rivulets and brooks in the spring of the year were literally full of salmon, shad, alewives ami eels. These fish wen- so plentiful as to he used l.y the Indians ami earl) settlers as manure. Mr. Richards said "that he manured the land upon the east side ol the village with shad and alewives. putting "lie shad or two alewives into each hill ,,l com, and had an abundant crop." It was a very stimulating manure, ami, life guano, impoverished the land in time. The Indians called the land worn out iii this way " souhegan, or sougheganish." Ale- wives ran up the small brooks and were thrown out by women and children with -hovels and pieces of hark; cart-loads of them were caught in weirs and in the Merrimack in seines and nets. In the New Hmnp- shin Ga etle, May 23, 1760, the following item, under the editorial head, appeared and was copied in a Lon- don paper: "One day last week was drawn b) ! I, atone draught, two thousand and five hundred fish out of the Merrimack, near Bedford, in this province. This was thought remarkable by some people." In- deed, so numerous were the salmon in those days that, i tation of an old Scotch custom, when boys were apprenticed to an) trade, one of the special conditions in the indenture was that they should not be obliged to eat salmon oftener than three times a week. We should not object to this now, especially if the salmon was fresh and a few green pea- were added to the diet. The wish was that meat would last until li-li came Tin- did of the inhabitants ha- scry much changed since those primitive days. Porridge, samp-broth lev and hominy, with now and then the -teak of the deer or black bear, constituted tin- staple dishes after the ■ hi wa- o\ .a < Ine reason, it i - mppo ed wh) tie. .' who liuilt dams across rivers were not re quired to build fish-ways was, that when food could be obtained so easily it caused a great deal ol idleness It i- i. filed of a man in Litchfield, who .." the river to do a day's work in the town of Merrimacl which i- just opposite, thai his employer, Mr. Mc- Gaw, inquired of him if he had been to breakfast He made rather an equivocal reply, saying that he ale three little shad before he started, In it did not it much of a breakfast for a man going to a .lay's work. The potato was not generally known to the earl) settlers. It was first introduced by men from Lon- dondern , who came here from that town and its value as an article of food was not unilcrst I , HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. yearsafterits introduction. Plummer Hadley's father raised one year three barrels, and i( was the wonder of the whole town what he was going to do with so many of them. This vegetable seems to have been introduced into New England by the Scotch-Irish, who settled in Londonderry. It is reported that one of these Bettlers gave a few tubers to a gentlemau of Andover, Mass., which he planted, and which grew in great luxuriance, producing halls. These hecooked in various ways, but could make nothing of them, and it was not until the spring, when the plough passed through the hills, that he discovered his mistake. The grandfather of Alfred Story made a carriage by cutting down a crotched tree, hewing the butt down to a spin', and pinning a few pieces across the forks to hold the meal-bags on, or other articles he might wish to transport through the woods. This answered a very g I purpose where there were no roads and many fallen trees to get over. After they built high- ways cart-wheels were made of the cut of some big log with a holi- in the centre dug out for the axle. Some men in town may remember seeing such. Game was very abundant in this region. Piscata- quog is said to signify a good place lor deer. Judge Potter, in his "History of Manchester," says that the ( 'edar Swamp, situated in the east part of the town, was famous for deer, moose, bear and sometimes tin- cata- mount. Also the lynx, fisher, beaver, otter and a species of panther, called by the Indians luncasoux, of a bluish color, like the Maltese eat, wire found here. It still inhabits the deep forests of Canada, and is regarded as a very fierce animal. Several years ago John Gilchrist's sonsaw acatamount feeding upon one ofhis father's cows in the vicinity of the Yakem Hill. It was afterwards killed in tin- town ofLee, and when .-.■en at Manchester, after it was killed, it weighed one hundred and eighty pounds. It doubtless lived along the Uncanoonuck, Saddleback, Pawtuckaway and other mountain-. The young man who killed it was out hunting foxes; his dog drove it up a tree near his father's house. The hoy went up to the tree and saw the formidable animal, and immediately proceeded to his father, who was ploughing in a field near by, forhelp. The old mancouldnot believe that it wasanything larger than a house-eat and told the boy to stay and plough and he would go down with his goad-Stick and kill it. The boy besought his father to go with him far enough to know where he was if he got killed in the encounter, which hi- was fully deter- mined upon. This he consented to do, though all the time thinking his son's eyes had magnified the pro- portions of the animal. Armed with his double-bar- reled-gun, the boy approached very mar the tree, in the fork of which the catamount sat watching the dog, when it was attracted towards the young hunter by the breaking of a twig beneath his feet. It immedi- ately crouched for a spring; at that moment theboj fired, aiming between the eyes, and none too soon, for the leap of the catamount carried him within a few feet of the boy, and the way he made the leaves and brush fly, being blinded by the shot, convinced the old farmer that it would take something more than his goad-stick to quiet him. The other charge from the gun gave him his "quietus," as the first had pene- trated to thr brain through the eyes, both of which were put out, or he probably would have lived long enough to havedone mischief. People will remember the number of ,h.gs. calves and sheep killed about here that year. Two hounds near Charles Hadley's were killed while in pursuit of the catamount. The bears were very numerous in this vicinity in the days of the first settlors. Ebenezer Hadley, father of Captain Peter E. Hadley, who first settled upon what is now known as the Teal place, lost a lion weighing near three hundred pounds, and found it near Mr. Whitney's witli its shoulders eaten up by the bears. He afterwards moved upon the place where Charles Hadley lived, in 1859, and hearing on,- of his hogs squealing, he ran out, and found a bear trudging " off with it in his forepaws, and the hog squealing out foul play" with all his might. Within the recollec- tion of Captain Peter Hadley, thesheep -nil. -red from the ravenous wolves. A three-days' hunt was usually sufficient on the part of an ordinary hunterto supplj a whole neighborhood with deer, moose and bear- meat. It was remarked by an old gentleman, who died about 1850, that within his recollection there w.ie more deer ill the town of Wean- than then were sheep at the time he made the remark. It was upon the southern bank of the Piscataquog, about ten miles this side of New Boston village, in the twilight of a summer evening, nearly one hundred and eighty years ago, that the renowned warrior and hunter, doe Kn^lish. wa- resting after a weary day's hunting. His two long guns, elaborately ornamented With brass nails, and well loaded with three balls, were carefully plaeed away in the hollow of a free, which was still alive and growing, that they might be pro- tected from the dampness of the approaching night. Joe had not been upon good terms with his tribe, be- ing suspected by them of giving information to the whites of any hostile intention they might entertain, and they were determined to kill him, if possible. Something attracted Joe's attention and he discovered three Indians creeping U] him. Without a moment to spare, he setoff at the top of his speed for his stronghold upon a hill now known as Joe I uglish. With the quick wit of an Indian, finding the chances of escape against him. he slackened his pace until his pursuers were almost upon him, that they might become more eager in the pursuit, and SO he prolonged the chase until near the top, when he started off with great rapidity and his pursuers alter him, straining every nerve, hoping to take him alive. As Joe came upon the brink of the precipice (which every one has observed who has passed the southern side of the hill,) he leaped behind a jutting rock, and waited in breathless anxiety ; but a moment passed, COFFSTOWX. 309 and the hard breathing and measured, but light, foot- steps of his pursuers were heard, and another moment (with a screech) their dart tonus were foiling down that fearful declivity, to be left at its base food for the hungry wolves. Thenceforth the hill has been know n as "Joe English," and welldid his constant friendship to the English residents deserve so enduring a monu- ment. Joe was killed not long afterwards near Dun- stable, and the grandfather of Charles Ryder's wife, father of Deacon James ( lochran, Ion ml the guns many years afterwards in the same hollow tree, each loaded with three balls. They were kept in his family, and frequently used, and were esteemed excellent guns, and are still in New Boston, and were traced out afew years after by the writer. Joe English was the grandson of the sagamore of Agawam (now New Ipswich), whose name was Mascon- nomet. He came to his death while conducting Lieutenant Butterfield and wifeto Pawtucket (or Dun- stable), i he storj of w hose death is familiar to many of il Id inhabitants. Lieutenant Butterfield was the great-great-grandfather of T. R. Butterfield, and was a prominent man in his day both in war and in peace. A very large catamount was killed by a man named Parker upon a little stream just below Elnathan Whitney's. Parker was a hunter, and left the house of Mr. Carr, who lived therethen, ami waswalkingup ill. stream just before sundown ; it had become quite dark in the thick w Is, when he saw directly in his path a couple of very brilliant eyes. Without stopping to inquire to whom they belonged, he leveled his gun, fired and ran back to Mr. Carr's. The next morning he found the animal with a ball in hi* brain. Another was killed by Messrs. fatten and Walker, of Bedford, upon the west side of tin' Oncanoonuck, not a great waj from the residence of (he Widow Leach (1859). They were hunting, and their little cur dog drove one up a tree. As they approached the tree and discor- ded the character of their game. Walker says, " As I am thebest shot, I will lire first," which he did, and missed hi- mark. Patten waited for Walker to load, and then tired, hi inging the beast down badly wounded, when Walker terminated its life with his hatchet. Walker kept the tail as a trophy. The Kennedy family, who were among the first set- tler-, c: : from the garrison at Bedford, and cleared their farm, reluming every night tor tear of the In- dians. They built a small grist-mill, which would crack up a few bushels of corn ami rye every day, and which proved to be very convenient for the early set- tlers of this town. The stones of this mill lav in the brook upon Mcltougall's farm, ami are about two feet in diameter. They can .-.till be seen (1859) in the brook a little south of the new road running from Joseph McDoell's place to Richardson's, about the middleofthe Andrew McDougall farm. Judge Pot- ter tells this storj . "Nol long after the settlement of tin- town, General Stark, then plain .Mr. Stark, or Captain Stark, crossed the river from Derryfield, or .Manchester, with a friend from down below, as Boston was usually called, to hunt in the Cedar Swamp for deer. Stark stationed his friend in a good place, near the deer's run or path, and fearing he might be troubled with the 'buck ague ' a- the dog drove along the deer, he placed himself a short distance from him upon I he same run, so in case his friend should miss, he might have a shot himself, lie had but just got placed when he heard in a subdued voice, 'Stark! Stark! come here!' Stark, supposing that he had discovered a moose or deer, replied, ' What do you see?' 'flic devil,' answered hi- friend, and immediately came the report of his gun. Stark rushed forward, and there, almost at the feet of his friend, lay a huge cata unt in the agonies of death, while his friend was deliberately loading his gun. Discovering the animal among the lowermost branches of a. tree, his lii tec eyeballs glaring, his tail lashing the limbs, he had called Stark to c • to his assistance. Startled at his voice, the catamount prepared to hap upon him ; but the hunter was in time, and placed a ball very handsomely between his eyes, notwithstanding which this powerful animal made a bound of thirty feet toward his intended victim. Upon viewing the scene, Stark thus expressed his satisfaction of bis friend's qualities as a hunter, 'Well. I guess you'll do!' " Building highways, encroachment upon the unap- propriated lands, the neglect of the committee chosen in 17o:2 to build tin' meeting-house were the princi- pal articles acted upon at the proprietors' meeting up to the year 1761, when George HI., by the grace of God, King, defender of the faith, etc., etc., by and with the advice of trusty and well-heloved Helming Went- worth, Esq., Governor and commander-in-chief of the province of New Hampshire, declared to be a town corporate, to have a continuance until the 25th day of March, 1763, to be known by the name of Goffstown. John I roffe, Esq., was appointed to call the first meet- ing, at which Alexander Walker was appointed town clerk, and held the office twenty-six successive years. John Goffe was the most renowned Indian hunter and lighter upon the frontier in his day. He was a man of marked character, and for sixty years was identified with all the stirring scenes of the most ex- citing period of our country's history. Stark, Rogers and Shute served under him through the Indian and French wars, and during the War of the Revolution be was almost constantly in the pub- lic service, and though the military teacher of such men as Stark, Rogers, Hazen ami Stevens, at Amos- keag, he resembled, in many respects, the brave Col- onel llavilaud. of the British army, who every Bab- bath held religious meetings in camp, and conducted them himself, ami whose soldiers were known as the "saints." Colonel Goffe frequently conducted relig- ion- n tings, and it is said of him that he wa- apt al exhortation and prayer. He wa- at Fort William Henrv, which surrendered to the French, where eighty HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. "lit oftwo hundred of the New Hampshire Regiment were murdered by the Indians, and where Thomas Campbell, William Caldwell and Josiah Wan-en, of New Boston, barely escaped with their lives, ami who celebrated their escape ever after during (heir life- time, meeting in turn e\ ery year at each other's houses. Rogers, the pupil ofGoffe, wasamosf unscrupulous charactei . « >hl Mr. Shirley used i<> relate an anecdote of him, illustrating this trait. Rogers, Stark ami Samuel Orr, of this town, were up in the vicinity of Baker's River (called by the Indians A.squamchu- mauk ; near by is Moosilauke, a place where moose live, according to the Indian dialect. John Patch, one of the first settlers of the town of Warrren, often ha'> usually fatal) ;i >f di lllo-e Thirteen were killed or diei vice. Many of them return though honorable, wounds. Colonel Moses Kelley tnustt into sen ice, and was out a short time himself. Several were at the battle of Bunker Hill and a number continued through the war. Captain Eliphalet Richards, then a boy of seventeen, .Vat ban llawcs, not quite fifteen, Amos Richards, Robert Spear, Charles Sargent, Reuben Kemp, Samuel Remick, Samuel Dunlap, William Houston and John Butterfield were at Bennington. Butterfield bad seen sen ice iii both wars and was a resolute soldier. The others leaned upon him for support and encourage- ment. Mr. Richards related that at the battle of Bennington they were marched up to where the Hessians were entrenched, and, like all frontierinen, took to a tree as a protection against the bullets, and commenced tiring at the heads of the enemy, when- ever they raised them over the logs. There were -is of the Goffstown boys behind a tree, and Hawes was squatting in a hollow in the ground, made by the up- rooting of a tree, loading and tiring as fast as be could; but very soon the enemy's bullets began I" cut the twigs and leaves all around him, when he leaped up, exclaiming, " Condemn it, Life, I can't stand this," and got behind the tree; but in a moment an officer rode up and ordered them to ,-li,ir ! /<; so, with a shout, they rushed forward, Butterfield leading. The enemy lied, and in the charge the GoffstowD boys got separated. Rid 1-. in leaping the breast-work, saw a much history of im,i,si;oKoroi] pointy, may Hampshire better gun than the one he carried lying beside a dead Hessian, which hi exchanged for his own, and cai ried it through the remainder of the battle, and took it home with him, and afterwards sold it to some shoe- maker then living in town, forever after regretting thai he had not kept it ;i- a memorial of the fight. Rii hards and CharlesSargent kept together, and when following the retreating Hessians, one of their bag- ed uear them ; they both drew up and fired, and one of the horses dropped dead; the driver immediately jumped down, cut it loose and drove on. "If,"said Mr.Richards," Butterfield hadbeen with us, we should ha, e captured the wagon ; but we were both young and stopped to load our guns before rushing on." Hawes kept with Butterfield, and in going through the woods eanie suddenly u] three stalwart FIis-i:i u-. -j i i in in their tall bearskin caps ; Hawes thought it was all up with him and began to cry; Butterfield motioned them to throw down their gnus and surrender, when, no sooner were their guns thrown down, than Hawes drew a bead upon one of i hem and let drive ; but Butterfield caught the motion in tinie.and knocked the muzzle of his gun up, and the bullet passed harmlessly over the Hessian's head, who expressed his satisfaction with many grimaces, imitating Hawes and the way Butterfield saved him, which afterward afforded merriment to the boys from this town when seated in the evening around their camp-fire. They would make the Hessian, a- everj " i a dropped in, go through with his descrip- tion of the manner in which Butterfield saved him from I law es' bullet. Previous to this battle Stark had become disgusted with his treatment by Congress, and as New Hamp- shire sj mpal hi/rd with him, at the time < !ongress re- ceived the news of the battle it was about reading this State out of the Union. Of course there was a '"bout face," and each member started upon the " double quick" with his nose for the back track. Thus the hoys of < toffstown participated in one of the most important engagement.- which took place during the war. previous to which the tide of battle was flowing disastrouslj to the American arms. Burgoyne, with an army often thousand veteran troops, boasted of his ability to march through thecentre of our pos- sessions and form a jum tion with the southern depart- nt under ( Jornwallis. So sanguine were the Brit- ish officers of this that shortly alter the affair at Hubbardstown, General Frazei said to three Amen can officers, prisoners of war, who were embarrassed with their Continental money. " Here," pulling out a handful of guineas, " take what you choose ; give me yournote; I trust to your honor to pay me at Albany, tor we shall probably overrun your countrj and 1 shall meet you there." They took, upon these condi- tions, three guineas each. This was before the battle of Bennington. Not long after, < (ctober 7. 1777, this same General Frazer was opposed to the American Rifles, under Morgan, who could never endure a defeat. It was in vain that Morgan drove him from one posi- tion to another; Frazer, upon his iron gray Steed, was forever rallying them and bringing them back to the front. Morgan became excessively chafed, as he was wont to be when victory long remained doubtful, and seeing, as he did, that it was only through the power- ful influence which the officer upon the iron gray e\crci-cd over them that the British soldiers could be brought hack to face the deadly shots of the Ameri- can Rifles, he suffered himself, in the heat of the combat, to give an order, which no one in his cooler moments regretted more than himself. Riding up to three of his best shots, he exclaimed, pointing to the officer upon the iron gray. "Do you see that olh- cer '.' " " Yes." " Well, don't let me see him much lon- ger; the success of the American arms is of more con- sequence than anyone man's life." The three riflemen sprang lightly into the lowermost branches of a tree, and as the tide of battle flowed in their direction, the three rifle-shots were heard, and Frazer. the brave and generous soldier, rides never more the iron graj to battle. "The lightning may tl.eh ami the Uiuiate! no\ i hi I . Bi l" i I- not, he In m - " : . h. - free from alt pain. ii- Let -1. ,-),. h. ha.. f..u-lit In- I. el hnttl.- ; Xm -..mil. an :iu:ilv till l The British grenadiers immediately broke after the fall ei their leader, and fled to their entrenched camp. The notes were never paid. The battles upon the plains of Saratoga soon followed, and that army of ten thousand veteran soldier-, under the most ac- complished general of the age. surrendered to tin American General (dates. — a result which the battle of Bennington led directly to. and. indeed, so much spirit did it infuse into the breasts of the de- sponding patriots that it was little else, ever alter, but one series of victories. The American anas triumphed, and to Stark and his brave New Hampshire boys forever rests the h ■ of beating back, ai Bennington, the first re- fluent wave of the Revolution, which shortly left us upon the high ground of Liberty and Union. Ensign Jesse Karr, whose father first settled the Elnathan Whitney farm, died of small-pox at Crown Point. ( )nc of the old inhabitants, Mr. Shirley, used to say that Karr was the best built man ill town, that he was a fine-looking soldier, and expected home, to be married to a young woman, on the very da> thai they received the news of his death. The young ml i"i s,,o Jied here in our midst at a very advanced age. Weeping in her old age, as she was wont to in her youth, the untimely fate of the young ensign, and though she had frequent offers of marriage as her family was of the best in town — in her younger days, she refused tnem all, and died faithful to her first affection. '* Xol would in' i I. Ker any It-art el li\iii L ' M : \n !. i ill. . i_i- chaDgi in- plume, (lOFFSTOWN. The leaf it- hue, the Bowel its bloom, liui tiesaround hei hoai t were spun 'I'll;. I ■ . .iiIl! n,,t. wmiiIiI not In- tin. lull. ■." Collins Eatou and Andrew Newell were killed in passing through a place called the "Cedars," some- where in New Jersey. They were killed by the Indians, who had secreted themselves in tin- trees. Collins Eaton lived in the Deacon Ephraim Warren bouse. Eleazer Emerson was killed at the evacuation of Ticonderoga. Some one saw him by the roadside with liis leg broken. Joshua Martin was a soldierin the French war, and also served during the War of the Revolution. He was a member of a company of Rangers, under the celebrated Captain Rogers, in the old war, ami in an attack from a party of French ami [ndians near Lake ( !hamplain, January 21, 17o7, was badly wounded in Rogers and Stark hail a gnat many wounded in this action, and killed of the enemy one hundred and twelve, beside taking manj prisoners. On their retreat lo Fort William Henry, while crossing the first nar- rows of Lake George, and just as the sleighs had come to their relief from the fort, they wen- looking back upon the ice, ami observing something black following I hem at a distance, supposing it might he one of their stragglers, a sleigh was sent hack for him; it proved io in Joshua Martin, of Goffstown, the grandfather of the present Joshua Martin (1859). His hip-joint had been shattered by a shot which passed through his body also, being in a crouching position when it was received. He was left for dead on the field of battle, hut had revived and followed his comrades' tracks to the lake, ami after that kept in sight of them. He was so exhausted that he sank down the moment the relief reached him. He was taken to the foil, recov- ered of his wound, served through the war ami died at an advanced age. His escape seemed providential. On the night of their retreat the Rangers made a circuit to avoid a large fire in the woods, supposing it to ha\ e been made by the Indians, not being in a con- dition to renew the fight. This detour caused them to lose time, so that .Martin, who had kindled the tire to warm himself, was enabled to follow and get in sight of them on the lake; otherwise he mn-i have perished. Joshua Martin was a son of one of the earliest set- tlers of this town. They were originally from what was called Earrytown, and had a ferry across the Merrimack River, known now as Martin's ferrj 1 1 is lather died when he was young, and hi- mother used to run the ferry-boat herself, and could manage it very well. Joshua and his older brothers obtained their support principally by hunting ami fishing. It is related thai I he b»j a once wenl up the brook upon the east side of the river in a deep snow, in hopes of finding some deer yarded in the swamp nearthe head of the I nook, taking no other weapon than an ordinary chopping axe. Upon entering the swamp the; met with a large track of some find of an animal, and, fol- low cl il up : iii a -li.nl I imc tbej cam.' upon acata- nut beneath a hemlock-tree, gnawing at a deer ii had just slain. Instead of running at the i'm-i sighl of the animal, they determined to attack it. The ani- mal showed no intention of leaving its breakfast, ami no signs of being disturbed, save an occasional whisk of its tail upon the snow. The 3 omul' 111.11, after some consultation and some signs of fear u | I he pari o| lie younger, commenced operations. The younger with a club made a feinl of attacking the animal in front, while the other with his axe crept up in the rear of the catamount, which kept busily gnawing the hones of the deer with more fierceness, and, a I intervals, as they approached, he lashed the snow with hi- 'ail. and throwing it in the air as if stirred by a fierce wind, a I the same time giving vent in a low, deep growl, still gnawing at the dead deer, when the oldest hoy dealt it a blow with his axe, breaking its hack-hone, ami Joshua dealt it some vigorous blows with his club, which soon dispatched it, when it was hauled home in triumph. Joshua was quite a lad then. He had often heard his brothers relate tales of hunting and adventure exhibiting their courage, and before he was fairly in his teens he told his mother that he would like to see a bear. "Pooh!" said his mother, " you would run at the sight of one." " I guess not, mother," the boj would say. So, one evening, to test Joshua's courage, she threw a bearskin over her, and, imitating as well as she could the rolling gait of (he hear, she hurst into the house, and by the dim firelight looked for all the world like a veritable hear. Joshua was a good deal surprised, as well he might be ; but seizing a pitch pine knot, with one crack he laid the old woman out as stiff as a maggot. She ever afterwards had a pretty g I opinion of Joshua's courage. r II A I'T I'. It I ioKKSToWN — ( i'„„i,„,,. ;!,. The inhabitants of Goffstown have tn ver been dis tinguished for their attachment to educational interests among themselves, or in the community at large. We can show a much lamer list of graduates from the hi Iv battle-fields of the Revolution and the sub- sequent wars than from any institution of learning The first money designed to he appropriated to the employment of a school-teacher was u>ii\ for the purchase of gunpowder and lead, and we havi often thought that the boj - of the pi esenl time would be the last to find fault if such a disposition of it now should he made. This is wrong; there is in. .,,,,.1 reason why Goffstown should be behind other towns 314 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. in tlie list cit' her educated men. We have material enough, keen, shrewd and active minds; all that is wanted is encouragement and opportunity. The early settlers, in carrying "ii their lumbering operations, needed all of the help they could muster, and when hunting in the fall they must take the boys with them, so that they seldom saw the inside of a school-house, and Dillworth's spelling-book looked more formidable tn them than the black bear or tawny catamount. These boys grew to manhood, practical men, without fully comprehending the advantages of education, ami considered that they were discharging their whole duty to their children by giving them a little better opportunity tor education than they enjoyed them- selves. Yet, notwithstanding these disadvantages, the gen- eration of which we are speaking presents some ex amples of a most extraordinary business talent. In fact, tin enterprise and business, the men of < roftstown have always occupied the front rank. They look al- ways to the main chance and the shortest cut to reach it. Pretension, show and charlatanry never prevailed here. This distrust of the utility of new things, though mainly a praiseworthy trait, has some- times in our history afforded considerable amusement. There are people now living who remember how those opposed to the innovation of having the meet- ing-house warmed by a stove perspired on tin- first Sab- bath after it was put up, ami how rapidly tiny cooled off when they discovered then- hail been no fire kindled in it during tin- day, and the stove had never been connected with the funnel. Before this fart was known tiny became so heated ami were so sleepy that the preaehi ng did llieni nog 1. It was amusing to see the martyrdom they endured wiping the sweat from their faces. The epidemic of the Salem witchcraft barely entered the town. There were arrests made of two women for bewitching two men. One was tried before Esq. Mc- Gregor and the other before Dr. Gove and Esq. Dow. Both, to the honorof the intelligent magistrates, were acquitted. Robert Met fregor, son of the Rev. David Met Iregor, of Londonderry, settled in Gofistown in 1777. He volunteered his services and joined the troops must- ered in New Hampshire under the command of Gen- eral Stark, and was appointed his aid-de-camp, which office he filled at the surrender of Burgoyne. He was vi i\ energetic as a merchant and businessman. He was proprietor and projector of the first bridge which crossed the Merrimack River on the site now occupied bj the Old Central I. ridge. Many in those days were incredulous as to the practicability of the enterprise. Among these was his neighbor, John Stark, » ho li\ ed upon the opposite bank of the river, who remarked to him, "Well, Robert, you may succeed, but when the first passenger crosses I shall be ready to die " In sixty-five days, however, from the time when the first stick of timber was felled in the forest, the bridge was opened for passengers, and the general lived for many years to cross and recrOSS it. It was called McGregor's bridge. McGregor was one of the original proprietors ami directors of the Amoskeag Canal, of which Samuel Blodgett. another of the celebrities of Gofistown, was the projector, which was one of the earliest works of the kind in this country. McGregor resided in Gofistown many years, and his farm on the Merrimack embraced a large portion of the land and water-power now owned by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. Among the most distinguished of the early settlers of this town were Samuel Blodgett, Moses Kelley, Colonel Goffe, Samuel Richards, Asa Pattee, John Butterfield, Thomas Shirley, .lames Karr, Matthew Kennedy, Joshua Martin, William McDoell and the Poors. There was a Mr. Worthley who was one of the first settlers, and lived near where David A. Parker afterward lived, near the cove, so called, but was driven off bj the Indians. He afterward returned and was again disturbed, and moved to Weare, and settled near the Cold Spring, ami is buried with his wife near there. The following is a list of the lawyers who have resided and practiced law here : John Gove, graduated al Dart ath College in 1792, read law with \\ Mil. mi Onnli.li an. I [.I i, -In 'e'l li< H' mail Wi:: lli-iu. i- .l:i -'ii. -i uluateil .it liaitinnuth 17'iT. ieit'1 law with .l.jlm Harris ami practiced law here until lsi3. Jonathan Aiken, graduated at Dartmouth (Villi'-.- 1st::, read law with I -i.,li I "i-.Htli anil pruitiieil until I- > . I., -mil li.isaitli. graduated at Dartmouth College, read law with .1 B. 1 pi, mi ami lali I.I '1 until \SS.i. David Steele, -i ailn.it. -.1 at Hut i. mm h i nil. .»i. 1.- is, ami practiced Ian here until hi* death. John H. Slack, graduatedai Dartmouth Colli i L814; here a short Charles I Gove, graduated at Dartmouth College 1817, practiced law here until [839, and read law with J. Forsaith and at Hi D I School. Samuel Butterfield. George w Morrison, readlawwith IV West, Jr., commenced practice i 1839 .!,,l, i, sinli, i.-ail law with his father ami ii.ininem ,-,l |,i.„li, . villi |,,,,l III 1SI.1. et,l .-l .-I tin- New llalllHlile I'aKlllW ill 1 Ml: I, ,,T \ e.l thlUUgU the wal a- Iii-t lieutenant, retlirm-.l at til.- i lu-e >>l the win and died in There have been for physicians : Dr. Webster, Dr. Cushing, Dr. Jonathan Cove, I >r. David L.Morrill, lirs. John ami Ebenezer Stevens, Dr. Walkers, Dr. Wrights, Dr. Renolds, Dr. Crosby, /ilia Adams, Drs. Daniel ami John Little, Dr. Flanders, Dr. Carr, Dr. Ncwhall, Dr. Charles F. George and Dr. Frank Blaisdell. I >r. ( oive was considered to he the first physician in this section of the State. Dr. Morrill was Senator of Congress and Governor of the State, also a minister of the gospel, ami altogether a man of talent. Perhaps one of the most distinguished of the early settlers of the town was Samuel Blodgett, who, in many respects, was a remarkable man. 1 ; s,. e Hhl-n nf .Manchester (iOI-KriTOWN. 315 The first settlers of Goffstown were very industrious in their habits ; they had im public amusements, but when it was convenient they used to asserableat each other's houses and havea social meal and a g 1 time discussing the news which each one had picked Up, as there were no newspapers then. Every member of the family attended these gatherings, the children amusing themselves with games suitable I" I heir ages, the mothers taking care of the youngest, ami in the mean time plying the knitting-needles or sewing, and sometimes, when much hurried, bringing the cotton and wool cards with them, while the men usually made their appearance about lour or half-past four o'clock, and at live o'clock all partook, after invoking the Divine blessing, of a bountiful supper, which the good housewife had previously prepared. Now, a supper in those days was a pretty substantial meal and was usually given the first of winter. First, early in the day, a big spare-rib was hung by a stout string before the blazing fire, and properly turned and basted by one of the younger girls, until it vvasbeauti- t lly browned and cooked through to an "iota, 1 nol a particle of it charred or scorched, when, meeting the mother's approval, it was removed to a convenient place to await the time for setting the table; then, with some steaming hof potatoes and gravy, the first course was ready. Potatoes were considered quite a " nobby " dish in those early days, few families having them, the brown loaf being the usual substitute, and was seldom miss- ing from the table, even after potatoes became abundant. The second course was a monstrous chicken-pie, upon the making of which all the g 1 housewife's culinary skill had been exhausted. As large a milk- pan as could possibly be crowded into the mouth of the oven was covered with a crust, made out of home- made wheat-flour finely sifted as possible, which, with plenty of butter, was made nice and (laky. Covering the bottom of the pan first, then filling in the chickens properly cut up and duly moistened, salted and but- tered, a top crust was adjusted; a second and third one followed, each a little less in diameter than the first; then a row of stars and hearts, artistically or- namented with a trunk key, the centre of the crusl having a hole sufficient for the escape of the extra -team and moisture, and altogether giving forth such an appetizing odor, when removed from the oven to the table, that no1 a man or woman of them all refused to have their square wooden trenchers (which were used instead of plates as now) bountifully filled up with chicken-pie, and all pronounced it d< lie 3, "just the nicest and most flaky crust they ever did see." And our ancestors did not fib. How they ever managed to find room for the pudding, which succeeded the chicken-pie in regular order, must be set down as one of the lost arts, which has never been transmitted down to us dyspeptics of the nineteenth century; but the truth of history obliges us to state that not one of the guests present refused to have their trenchers tilled with I lie pudding, and to have a cup of tea, which, Aunt lluldah affirmed, was made strong enough to bear a Hat-iron up. This tea, which was not an every-day luxury, had the effecl to loosen eery tongue, and conversation never flagged until the clock struck nine, which was the usual time for starting home. "Then there was gathering in hot-haste the steed," and each one was soon on the way home, pronouncing it a delightful time. But such a bountiful repast was not always pro- vided. \n old man many, many years ago related that a play-mate of his father's younger days came to hi- lather once much excited, exclaiming, "Charlie! you must come over to suppi bouse to-night; we are going to have the best supper you ever heard of." "What can it be'.'" said Charlie ; "do tell us right away." " Rye-doughnuts, fried in hiii|iie\ eel urease, by erackee; wdiat do you say to that?" "I'll be there," said Charlie. And sure enough, with the maple molasses to dip them in, it was no small job to fry them as fast as a half-dozen big, hungry boys could make way with them. (.'II Al'TER IV. iiOFFsTOWX-|r,„ I ■ - I.I si SSTIl U IIISTOIIV. Ii (Epis Congregational Church. '—This town was settled in 1741 or 1742, and was chartered June 17, 1761. The people at that time were, as in all New England towns, a church-going people. It was considered disrepu- table to be habitually absent from Divine service on the Sabbath. Accordingly, we find that as S00D as possible after receiving their charter, measures were taken to secure the ministrations of the gospel. At the first annual town-meeting, held at the barn of Thomas Carr (where the meetings were convened for many years), it was "Voted, that one hundred pounds lie raised for preaching," and Deacon Thomas Karr and Asa Pattee were appointed a committee to expend it. It was also " Voted, that half the preaching be at James Kan's and the other half at John Smith's." It is probable that all the public religious services of thai daj were held in barns, as we find by a vote in March, 1763, that it was the will of the town that the preaching for that year be at James Kan's barn. At the same meeting one hundred pounds was appro- priated for preaching. At theannual meeting March 5, 1764, three hundred pounds was appropriated, and it was " Voted that two hundred pounds be preached i Contributed l.y R.v. Samm-l v. Or..nl.l. Mm' ran .,f i Iiri-achcil I'V linn in i.-.n-tuwii, Jul'. 316 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. out at John Smith's, and the other one hundred thereof be equally divided on each side of the Piscat- aquog River." The next year the same amount was appropriated, bul the services were all to be held "at Thomas Kan's barn." In 1700 the amount voted for preaching was reduced to one hunched and fifty pounds, and the selectmen were instructed to expend it. In 1707 only nine pounds was voted for this purpose, bul as three pounds was all that was raised for town charges, it is probable that the difference was owing to the shrinkage of the currency. Two somewhat curious votes stand side by side in connec- tion with the annual meeting of this year, which will serve to show the changes time and truth have wrought. The one is "that the town support no school this year;" the other, that it "pay tor the rum used at the bridge by the Mast fordway." It will have been observed that the town, rather than individuals, supported public worship at this time. The towns also erected the meeting-houses. The Congregationalists were the "standing order," and so all the tax-payers, lor many years, contributed to the support of this denomination. There was a provision, however, by which those conscientiously opposed to this order, and in favor of some other, could be released by the selectmen, in which cases their taxes went to support the denomination to which they were attached. There were many Pres- byterians, some Anabaptists, as they were called, and a few Episcopalians, that in this manner were released from supporting the ( 'ongrcjat iou.ilists. I'.ut all voters must pay their proportion towards the sup- port of some religious worship, and for many years the town as-osed and collected all moneys expended for this object. Various sums were yearly voted by the town for this purpose, until the formation of a church and the settlement of a pastor, when the sum was usually voted by the church, but assessed and collected by the town. The Congregational Church was organized < Ictober 30, 1771. Its records for the first ten years of its existence were destroyed by fire many years -m i it is impossible to give its strength or say very much about it for that time. The names of eighteen per- son-, incidentally mentioned, who must have been members, have been culled from the subsequent rec- ords; ami, as most of these are name- of men, it is sate io presume that more than fifty must have been added to the church during this period. It is probable that a Presbyterian Church or society was formed very soon after, for in an old record-book of the Londonderry Presbytery, lost for many years, but recently discovered in one of the antiquarian book-stores of Boston, is this record from the minutes of a meeting held at Newburyport, Mass., May 13, 177:!: " Ordered that a certificate be delivered to the Presbyterian society of < ioH'-town. manifesting their Vicing under the care of this Presbytery." The Presbyterians held a service, more or less, every year in private houses ami barns, but never had a meeting- house nor a settled minister, although a certain Mr. Pidgin preached for them some time. Very little can be ascertained in regard to this church. In the town records, under date of April 10, 1781, fifty-six names of males are appended to a declaration that I ley ate Presbyterians. It is possible that not until this year did they become a separate legal parish, thoii-h relieved from paying "rates" in 1773. From the beginning there were some Anabaptists, as they were then called, " whose parish rates." at their request, were applied tothesupporl of Baptisl preaching at Hopkinton, where they attended till 1793. During this year a church of this order was formed in town, though it had hardly more than a name to live until it was reorganized in 1820. They were without a house of worship till 1834, when the present structure was erected. There were also a very few Episcopalians, whose parish rates were applied at Newburyport, Mass. How often these persons worshiped in that place we have no means of knowing, but they hardly could have g i so far more than once or twice in a year. The town records have this entry under date ot March 7, 1791,— "This certifies that Captain John Butter- field hath joined the Episcopal Society in Goffstown, and means to support the gospel in that mode of wor- ship. (Signed), John Smith, John Clogston, War- dens." Under date of March 4. 1793, is this record,— '■lie- in. iv .-.-i-tit"\ all l.cp...i>, wli..in it may n.i,. -Ml that Mr. Enoch Eaton, i m-t..\w,. ]n .t liim-.'l! ii I ..■ a member oi the Epia opal ' :nun h, now en : [ in said town, and ina helped to m I ti in tli.it line for - | st, - m\ i< - band John Di w John Butterfleld, John Smith, W ill sni SI Di ng il, Wardens." From this it would appear that there was at that time an Episcopal Church or society in this town, but I have been unable to discover other evidence of it. As early as 1766 the inhabitants began to move for the building of a place of worship. At a town-meeting held September 29th of this year, it was " I"../,,/, that the meeting-house be built on the south side of the river on the convenientesf place in the crotch of the roads a, they lead from the bridge to the Mast road." This is very mar where the Baptist Church now stands. It was also " Voted, that the house be forty- four feet long, thirty-eight feet wide and twenty-two feet post," and that "it be raised, boarded and shingled by the first day of October next." But the question of the two sides of the river disturbed our fathers, as it litis their children, and the opposition to this vote was so strong that the committee did nothing. The town was also about evenly divided upon another question. The settlers on the north side of the river were mostly Congregationalists ; those on the south side were mainly Presbyterians. The latter, in getting a vote to build on their side of the river, gained a temporary triumph. Put the votes were soon rescinded. The next July the town voted to build a smaller house "near Deacon Kan's shop," which vote was rescinded at the following March IIOFF8T0WN. 317 meeting in 1768. But our lathers evidently were be- coming wearied with this contention, and so at this meeting fixed upon the location, and empowered Samuel Richards, Km»ii Page, William McDoell, Asa Pattee, Joshua Martin, Job Rowell and Thomas Karr to build the house "according to their own mind." On the 27th of April, 1768, the house, which most of us remember, standing near the school-house at the Center, and which was taken down in 1869, was raised. It was not completed tor several years. Vari- ous sums were appropriated from year to year for this purpose. It was occupied as a place of worship as soon as shingled and hoarded. In August, 1769, the " pew-ground " in the body of the building was sold at a •' vendue," and the avails were used toward com- pleting the house. The names of the purchasers at that time were Samuel Blodgett, William Gilchrist, Robert < tilmore, Captain James Karr, Deacon Thomas Karr, Job Kidder, Joseph Little, Captain John Mack, Daniel McFarland, Samuel McFarland, Asa Pattee, Samuel Richards, Benjamin Stevens and Moms Wells. The ■' vendue " occupied two days, and was probably accompanied with considerable discussion. Others afterwards secured " pew-ground," until most of the body of the church was sold. The second house of worship in town was erected in 1815 and 1816, and was dedicated July 3, 1816, Rev. John H. Church, D.D., of Pelham, preaching the sermon. It stood upon or very near the present site of Mr. Samuel M. Christie's house. It was quite a large building, with galleries on three sides, and had a bell. After its erection services were held in this house two-thirds of the time, the other third being in the old house at the Center. In 1845 it was taken down and moved away. The third meeting-house was built in 1838, which was the one occupied by the Methodists, and which was struck by lightning and burned a few years since. The old meeting-house had becomequite dilapidated and uncomfortable, and a new one, upon which the town should have no claim, was very much needed. Besides this, there was a feeling on the part of those living in the Center and east part of the town that they were not receiving so many privileges as the west village, a large part of the preaching being at the latter place. They were also hoping to form a parish of their own, and so have sanctuary privileges every Sabbath. Their desires, however, were not realized, and in 1842 the house was sold to parties by whom the Methodist Church u;i- organized. During the pastorate of Rev. Isaac Willey, and largely through his influence, the present house of worship was erected, at acost of about two thousand five hundred dollars. 1 It was dedicated in October, 1845, from which time all the Sabbath services were held in this house. Its seating capacity was increased in lSt!9 by the addition of twent\ -eight pews. A parsonage, costing, complete, about two I bousand seven hundred dollars, was built in 1870, and a chapel or vestry, for the social meetings of the church, was erected in 1875, at an expense of two thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars. Having spoken of the houses of worship, we natur- ally next come to the ministers of the gospel. A history of the ministers of olden tin tor\ of the church over which they were settled. There was then, on the part of church members, very little of what we now call religious activity. Such a thing as a layman talking religion or praying, other- wise than in his own family, was hardly known. About the only public expression of religious life con- sisted in attending the two very long preaching ser- vices on the Sabbath, being punctual at the commun- ion, and presenting one's children for baptism. Upon all these points they were very strict. The church was, therefore, more largely than now, what its pastor made it. At a town-meeting held August 31, 1769, it was " Voted, that we keep Mr. Currier four days," mean- ing, probably, four Sabbaths. It is likely he had al- ready preached several Sabbaths, being employed by the committee for that year, ami that the town, with a view to his settlement, wished to hear him longer, as we find that, on the 24th of October follow- ing, a committee was appointed to treat with him in regard to settlement. On the 13th of February, 1770, a formal call to settle in the ministry was voted him by the town; but tor some reason it was not ac- cepted. It was renewed July 29, 1771, ami was ac- cepted the 17th of August following. He was to have, as a settlement, the use of a certain tract of land, re- served by the proprietors of the town for that purpose, and £40 a Mar the first live years, £4o the next three years and £50 a year after eight years. His salary was to be paid, one-half in corn and the other half in labor. He was ordained October 30, 1771, the same day the church was organized. Mr. furrier was set- tled by the town rather than by the church. The or- daining council, which also recognized the church, was composed of Rev. Daniel Emerson, of Hollis, Rev. Henry True, of Hampstead, and Rev. Henrv Gyles Merrill, of Plaistow, chosen by the town, be- sides five chosen by Mr. Currier, whose names are not given. His ministry was a brief one for those days — a little short of three years. He was yerj in- temperate in his habits, and was dismissed hv the town and church August 2',', 1774, without the advice of a council. Probably he did not care to appear be- fore one. Rev. Joseph Currier was born in Amesbury, Mass., March is, 1743; was graduated at Harvard College in 1765, and studied theology in private. After his dismissal from this church he removed to Corinth, Vt., where he died July 24, 1 829, aged eighty-six. 318 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. This town shared in lli.- burdens of the Itevolution- ary War, furnishing seventy-four men for the army, besides large quantities of beef (thirteen thousand pounds at one time) assigned them by the govern- its quota. For this reason, probably, after Mr. Currier left, there was no stated preaching, but only occasional supplies, till 1781. The fact that the Presbyterians and Anabaptists had been relieved, April 19, 177M, from paying their rates for Congrega- tional preachingmay have had somethingto do w itli it. On the 27th of December, 1781, Cornelius Waters was ordained and installed pastor of this church, the call having been voted the 23d of August previous. In this transaction the town had no part. The churches in Sutton, Amherst, Merrimack, Pembroke, Plaistow, Atkinson. Hollis, Concord, Warner, Hop- kinton and Hampstead were invited on the council. As preparing the way for his coming and his success in his ministry, the church observed the 1st day ol December as a day of tasting and prayer. Rev. Henry True, of Hampstead, was moderator of the Council, and Rev. Jeremiah Barnard, of Amherst, scribe. Mr. True gave the charge to the pastor, Rev. Jacob Burnap, D.D., of -Merrimack, gave the fellow- ship of the churches, Rev. Gyles Merrill, of Plaistow. the ordaining prayer, and Rev. Elijah Fletcher, of Hopkinton, the concluding prayer. He received a settlement of one hundred pounds and a salary of seventy pounds a year for the first five years, and eighty pounds thereafter. He seems to have been a very worthy man. During his minis- try fifty-seven were added to the church and thirty- three "ou ned the Covenant." During the latter pari of his pastorate there were dissensions in the church. A council was called for their settlement, but they were not settled. A day of fasting and prayer was hut the difficulties continued. Mr. Cur- rier was too loose in his habits, ami Mr. Waters by some was thought too strict. The lovers of ardent spirits were determined lie should leave. So he asked a dismission, which was granted May 4. 1795, after a ministry of fourteen years. To tin- record is appended the following: "Notandum Bene. The vote accepting his resignation was passed in the east end of the meeting-house on the common, at the time of the annual parish-meeting by adjournment, and the church co do it to quel) the violence, rage and confusion which prevailed in a distracted party of the church and parish in the parish-meeting." The opposition won tin- day, which was all they cared for. a- the leaders ceased attending or helping in the support of worship, so that after three years it was found necessary to expel them. Cornelius Waters, tie second pastor of this church, was born in Millbury, Mass., May 12, 1749; gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1774. Like Mr. Cur- rier, he studied theology in private. From here he removed to Ashby, Mass., where he was installed in 17'J7 and dismissed in 1X16. He continued to reside in \shl,y till his death, July 30, 1824. After the expulsion from the church of those dis- affected with Mr. Waters, the sober, second judgment of the people convini ed them that they had all done wrong. There had been much hard feeling between the Congregationalists and Presbyterians. An un- holy strife for members had been carried on by both churches. A day of fasting and prayer was appointed, and the » Ihristian people were humbled. A vote was i lie Congregational Church that they would thereafter be more careful in the reception of mem- bers. The result, in a few words, was that a "plan of union" between the two churches was adopted De- cember 2'.', 1801, and they became one, under the name of the Presbyterian-Congregational Church of Goffstown. The government was to be according to the Congregational polity, with the right of appeal ry or mutual council, as the parties might ideet. Up to 1790 the Half-Way Covenant seems to have been in use. This was an arrangement by which adults whose outward lives were correct by "owning the covenant " were permitted to receive the rite of baptism themselves, and present their children for this ordinance. We have the names of thirty-eight persons who were admitted under thi- covenant. It made had work with religion wherever it was adopted, as it was virtually a letting down of the bars of the church to any who chose to come in in this way, without any personal interest in the Saviour of sin- ners. This Half-Way Covenant was originally pro- mulgated in 1662 by a council convened in Boston by the General Court of Massachusetts, to s^ulc existing difficulties in the churches. The reason forits adop- tion was because at that time none but baptized per- sons could vote. But it was adopted or was in use in many places, as here, a long time after this reason had ceased to exist, so far as applied to town affairs. All who "owned the Covenant " could, however, vote on church affairs, and much trouble was sometimes made in con-eipienee. It -win- gradually to have fallen into disuse in this place, as. ever after the union of tie- two churches, the church members regulated their own affairs as now, except that in the matter of el sing and dismissing pastors the act of the church must he accepted by the parish, as now by the society. I pon the adoption of the plan of union, De- cember 2 1 .'. 1801, a call wa- extended to Mr. David Lawrence Morril "to settle with us in the work of the gospel ministry," and he was ordained and in- stalled March 3, 1802. He received a settlement of three hundred dollars and an annual salary of three hundred dollars. For the purpose of meeting the desires of the Presbyterians, six elders were appointed, namely, John Richardson. Jonathan Stevens, Thomas Warren, Thomas Shirley, Thomas Kennedy and Robert Moore, the last three having been, originally, GOFFSTOWN. 319 Presbyterians. John Taggert and William Story were soon after added. The ministry of Mr. Morril war. on the whole, a successful one, for he was a man of prudence, ability and piety, and so won the confi- dence of the entire community. Thirty-four were added to the church during his pastorate. The Pres- byterian and Congregational elements, however, were not quite in harmony, and many of the former with- drew in ISO:;. Intemperance prevailed in the church to an alarming extent, but, to thecredit of the church be it said, every ease was met by discipline. Mr. Morril's health having become poor, or rather his voiie failing him, he resigned his charge and closed his labors November 4, 1809. His resignation was imt acted upon by a council till July 10, 1811. It is probable that in the intervening time lie occasionally preached. From this time till the latter part of 1818 there was no regular preaching, although the town appropriated for this purpose in 1816 the sum of two hundred dollars, the society the same amount in 1817, and one hundred and fifty dollars in 1819. David Lawrence Morril was born in Epping, June 10, 1772. He never went to college, hut studied theology with Rev. Jesse Remington, of Candia. In 1808 he received the degrees of A \1. and M.D. from Dartmouth College, and in 1825 the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont. He continued to reside in this town for many years after his dismissal, in tie- practice of medicine, and was moderator and clerk of the church until another pastor was chosen, lie represented the town in the Legislature from 18lo to 1816, inclusive, the latter year being Speaker of the House. The same year he was elected to the Tinted State.- Senate for six years from .March 4, 1817. He was also Governor of the State in 1s24-2"i. He removed to Concord in the autumn of 1831, where he engaged in the book trade, and where he died January 27, 1849. In 1816 an ecclesiastical society was organized for the support of Congregational worship, called the Religious Union Society, which was incorporated December 11, 1816. This remains until this day. In 1819 a call was extended to Mr. Hosea Wheeler, which was declined. In the spring and summer of 1819 the place was blessed with a very powerful revival, under the preaching of Rev. Abel Manning. Sixty-eight were received into the church in the year 1819, the largest number ever received in any one year. In the "His- tory .if the New Hampshire Churches," Rev. E. H. Richardson says of this revival. "There were a few women whose persevering prayers, in the midst of great obstacles, were answered in this revival of re- ligion. They prayed it. into existence." Benjamin Henry Pitman was ordained October 18, 1820, tor the term of live years. During his ministry, in 1822. the Religion- In ion Society received by will of Thomas W. Thompson one hundred and seventy acres of land, the avails of which were to In- used for the support of a Congregational minister. Mr. Pit- man had many warm friends, and he was earnestly requested to remain longer than his five years, but he declined. He was dismissed November l"i, \SS>. The following incident occurred during his ministry, which illustrates the difference between those times and these: 111 the autumn of L825 the Bog road, so called, was built, and Mr. Pitman, as road surveyor for one of the districts, had charge of a certain part. Strong drink was freely Used at that time, and thought no sin, provided one did not take enough to overcome him. On this occasion Mr. Pitman did, and as a consequence gol into a quarrel with some of bis But, to his honor be it said, he afterwards s > 1 1 o 1 1 1 and obtained the forgiveness of the individuals ami of the church — for the quarrel, not for the drinking. The bibulous propensities of the inhabit- ants at that time were strongly developed. Shall I give you the names of those licensed by the town to mix and sell liquors that year? They were Daniel Parmer, Robert Hall, Jonathan Butterfield, Gideon Flanders, Parker *.V Whittle, John Smith, Ephraim Warren, Daniel M. Shirley, Fliphalet Richards and John Little. Mr. Pitman was bom in Newport, R. I., November 28, 1789; received neither a college nor a seminary education, hut probably studied theology in private. On leaving this place he returned to Newport, 1!. I. He died March 8, 1868. 1 cannot ascertain whether he ever preached after leaving this place. It will have appeared that there was need of a temperance reformation in this place. "When the enemy cometh in like a Hood." we have the promise that "the Spirit of the Lord shall lift up a standard againsl him." It was just about this time. 1826, when the temperance reformation in this country com- menced. A t'uw hail received the light, hut most were in darkness. Rev. Henry Wood, who followed Mr. Pitman, was a total abstinence man. He was or- dained May 31, 1826. Through his exertions and that of a few of the church, a vote was passed that year discountenancing the use of liquor at funerals. That was as far as they could go at that time, as rum was used upon every occasion by nearly every person. It was always set before the minister when he made his parish calls. But so much advance had been made under Mr. Wood that, in the winter of 1829-30, a vote was passed by the church testifying against the use of liquors in any form, except as medicine. It is not to he inferred from this that every member of the church had become a teetotaler, but that the light was breaking and the temperance can- ing. Mr. Wood was not only a temperance man, he was a spiritual man. whom many with us to-day remember with tender interest. His ministry was blessed with revivals, one hundred and tilty-t wo being added to the church. He seems to have left on ac- count of inadequate support. He wa- dismissed November 29, 1831. 320 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Hi- was born in Loudon, April 10, 179ii ; was grad- uated from Dartmouth College in 1822, where he was tutor the following year. He studied theology at Princeton, lsi'l-;. 1 !, and was professor i if languages in Hampden Sidnej College, Virginia, L825, from which institution lie received the decree of 1 >.1>. in 1867. After his dismissal from this church. November 30, 1831, he preai hi d three and a half years in Haverhill, five and a half years in Hanover, edited the Congregational Journal at Concord for fourteen years, preached at Canaan two years, was United .States consul in Syria and Palestine four years, and chaplain United States navy from 1858 until his death, at Philadelphia, Oc- tober 9, 1873. On the day after Mr. Wood was dismissed Rev. David Stowell was ordained. The ministry of the former closed and that of the latter commenced in the midst of a revival. It is somewhat remarkable that all the discussions in regard to raising Mr. W 1's salary, some of which were heated, did not have the effect of driving away the Holy Spirit ; but doubtless there wen. fervent prayers continually ascending that He might continue to abide with them. These facts teach this truth, — that a revival does not depend on any one man, not even upon the minister. Mr. Stowell was a strong temperance man, and dealt its enemies many heavy blows. A sermon which he preached in this place forty-one years ago, and which was printed, is said to be a fair example of his style. He was dismissed Hecemher 15, 1836, the cause assigned in his letter of resigna- tion being ill health. This letter is full of tenderness and affection, and a hearty vote of confidence in him was afterwards passed by the church. Mr. Stowell was born in Westmoreland, December 29,1804; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1829; studied theology in private. Before coining here he taught the Derry Academy two years. He wen! from here to Townsend, Mass.. where he was installed pas- tor .Tune 28, 1837. While there the fellowship of the churches was withdrawn from him, on account of al- leged misconduct. He went to Fitzwilliam and en- gaged in farming for a number of years, and died there .March 29, 1854. All the pastors who have thus far been named have passed to their reward. Most of them were g ! and faithful men. though not without their faults. They are now seeing the fruits of their labors, as they could not see them here. In most cases the seed they -owed was good; it was watered with their prayers anil tears, but it did not spring up till they had passed away. It very often incurs that God sends one generation into the world to sow seed, the harvest of which another generation shall gather. We come now to the ministry of Rev. Isaac Willey, who was installed November 23, 1837. He was the first pastor of this church wdio had ever had a previous settlement. He came here from Rochester, where he was ordained January 18, 1826, and dismissed in 1834. His pastorate here extended over nearly seventeen years, the longest term of any. .lust after Mr. Willey 's settlement, as he was en- gaged to preach all the time at the west village, the members of the church living at the Center and in the east part of the town, to the number of sixty-four, feeling that they were neglected by the removal of the meetings to the west village, -ought letters of dismis- sion for the purpose of forming a church of their own at the Center. They applied to Mr. Wallace, before he was settled at Manchester, to preach for them. If we may judge from the votes passed at that time, this request was entertained in a Christian spirit, without any attempt to force them to remain. The result was their petitions were withdrawn, and an arrangement was made by which Mr. Willey was to preach one- third of the time at their new house. During Mr. Willey 's ministry, his house, situated where David Grant's now stands, was burned in the dead of night, with most of its contents, and he and his family, ten in number, were left without a shelter. In this tire many of the valuable papers and records of the church were destroyed. His pecuniary loss was largely made up to him through the liberality of friends in this and adjoining towns. From the "History of the New Hampshire Churches" I make this extract: "In the beginning of 1841 a woman in the character of a preacher came to this town, and held meetings almost daily. Her hearers increased until the large church (the old church at the Center), holding nearly one thousand pei-oii-, was filled. She professed no connection with any existing church, and was sustained lor a time by persons who had been expelled from the Congrega- tional and Baptist Churches. In the following spring, 1842, more than one-half the voters in town, and nearly all those who had never been willing to sup- port any other preacher, came to her support. A number of persons, who had made a profession of piety hastily, were drawn off from each of the churches. cent occasioned by her p reaching alter a t'vw months declined." This event seems to have caused great fear to the church. There was, however, hardly any occasion for it. Had the church let it entirely alone, doubtless the excitement would have passed away sooner than it did. It sometimes requires a highly sanctified human nature anil common sense to let such things alone. The advice of Gamaliel to the people, after the excitement produced by Peter's preaching, i- often worth following in these days. — " Refrain from these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or this woi k be ofmen, it will conic to nought : but if it be of ( iod, ye cannot overthrow it, lest haply ye be found even to fight against Cod." Fifty-five were added to the church during Mr, Willey's ministry: but his work i- not to be measured alone by this standard. He closed his labors March L'7, IS. - .:;, but was not formally dismissed till .May 17, 1854. COFFSTOWN. 321 Hewasborn in Campton, September 8, 1793; was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1822, and studied theology at Andover with the class of L825, and also withRev. Bennet Tyler, D.D. After completing bis labors here lie was appointed agent of the American Bible Society for New Hampshire, retaining his home here until 1865, when he removed to Pembroke, where he now resides. A call was extended by the church and society in 1854 to Mr. Franklin Tuxbury, but it was not accepted. The next pastor was Rev. Elias EL Richardson. He was born in Lebanon, August 11, 1827; was gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1850; at Andover Theological Seminary in 1853. He was ordained pastor of this church May 18, 1854, and was dismissed October 30, 1856. Subsequently he was pastor at Dover seven years; at Providence, R. L, three years; at Westfield, Mass., five years: at Hartford, Conn., seven years, and was settled at New Britain, Conn., in 1878, where he now is. He received the degree of D.D. from his alma mater in 1870. Rev. John W. Pay became acting pastor April 1, 1857. He was invited to settle, but declined. He closed his labors May 1, 1867. He was born in < tes- ter, December 23, 1814; was graduated at Dartmouth College in ] 843. Previous to his coming here he had been a teacher in Atkinson's Academy; Man- chester High School ; at Eastport, Me; at Merrimack Normal Institute; at Pinkerton Academy, Derry; and also pastor at Rockville, Conn. Since leaving here he has been acting pastor at Hastings and Lake City, Minn., being now at the latter place. Mr. ( Jharles A. Tow lc was called to the pastorate in 1868, but declined. The present pastor was born in New (now East) Alstead, July 11, 1834 ; was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1858; studied theology two years ;;t Union Theological Seminary, New York City, in the class of 1861; was ordained pastor at Stoddard, October 2, 1861; and installed pastor of this church February 4, 1869, having commenced his labors two months previ- ously. A roll of the church from the beginning had never been kept. Within a i'uw years one has been made, as accurate as possible, and it now has upward of eight hundred names. Without a doubt, it should contain from twenty to fifty more, who were members from 1771 to 1781, but the records are lost. The eighteen names we have were found scattered through the subsequent records, where reference was made to them. There have been seasons of revival and depression in the history of this church. Several important re- vivals has it enjoyed, — in 1802, under Mr. Morril ; in 1810, under Mr. Manning; in 1826-28, under Mr. Wood; in 1831-32, under Messrs. Wood and Stow, 1! ; in 1835, under Mr. Stowell; in 1864, under Mr. Ray; and tin- one in 1875. Two-fifths of all the addition. to the church from the beginning ha\c occurred in these years. Against these occasions of rejoicing we in est [dace other seasoi i> o I' depression and trial, w hen 1 he band of < ',,,,] has seemed to be against us because of Our sins, — when there were dissensions within and trouble without, when the prevailing iniquity of the place seemed to vender futile all efforts to bring about a better slate of things, ami when defection, intem- perance and worldliness seemed about to rend the church in pieces. Cod, having planted the vine, would not leave it to be destroyed. When its up- rootal seemed imminent, He watched it with tender- est care; when the soil about it had become dry and hard. I le watered if with the Holy Spirit. It has been with it as with the church of God from the beginning; there have been times wdien it seemed as though it would die, but it has never died, — it never can lie -o long a- there remain in it those who are tine to their Master and to each other. We still live because "hitherto hath the Lord helped us." There has been progress. The advance may not have been seen from year to year, but we can see it now. Within the memory of those now living a member of this church sought a letter of dismission and recommendation to a Methodist Church, which was met by the appointment of a committee to disci- pline her. To-day we should all have said to a simi- lar request, "Go, and God lie with you." In early times the services of the sanctuary were very lengthy, — the two sermons were each about an hour long, as often running over this time as coming under. The prayers were very long, — the "long prayer," so called, not usually less than thirty min- utes. Between services tin' people went to tin- " noon- ing-house," where they warmed themselves at a huge lire of logs, and with flip and cider. Here also they ate their brown bread, or beans, or other refreshment they had brought with them. Here the women tilled their dishes with coals for their foot-stoves. No other artificial heat was tolerated in the house of Cod lor many years, and when at last stoves were introduced, there Was, upon the part of the conservatives, a great outcry. They claimed they were uncomfortable be- cause they were comfortable, and they predicted the judgment id' heaven because of the sacrilegious inno- vation. There were no prayer-meetings in those early days, no Sabbath-schools, almost no books or news- papers. The Sabbath Ben ice- furnished about all the menial food the people had, save what they received from the Bible. The first notice we have of a prayer-meeting in this place was in 1826(August 16), when one was appointed by the church, and neighboring ministers were in- vited to attend and aid in carrying it on. April 5, L838, a monthly prayer-meeting- was established, and June 9, L844, it was made a weekly meeting. It was evidently given up some time after, as a vote is re- corded, January 7, 1847, reviving it. Let it not be inferred there was no praying by God's people before HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. i In- irrmiM there was nut social prayer. Our lathers did not know its power and its hles-.cdne.-s. They acted according to the light they had. Surely there has been progress here. The first notice of Sabbath-schools was in L821, when several were appointed in the various school- houses of the town upon Sabbath afternoons. Of wdiat the exercises consisted we have no account, but probably of little more than the memorizing the Bible and the Catechism. When the Sabbath-school was introduced as a part of the regular services of the sanctuary I am not informed. It may surprise some of you to know that slavery ever existed in this place ; but this must have been the ease, as, September 1, 1785, "Catherine, a negro, formerly belonging to Ls.|. Blodgvtt, was baptized." In looking at the way the Lord has led us, during the more than a century of our existence, we have abun- dant reason for taking courage and pressin The timid seldom win a battle. < rod said to Joshua, "Be strong and go forward." [f Joshua had been a timitl man, and there had been no i 'ageous one to take his place, the entrance to the promised land without doubt would never have been attained. Baptist Church.'— Previous to the year ls ( »2 then- had existed for several years in this town a branch of the Baptist Church at Hopkinton ; but in that yearan independent church was formed, including in its membership resident- of Gotlslown, How and Dun- barton. This organization was maintained until March 18, 1820, when it was dissolved, and upon the same day the present church was organized with a membership of thirty-tour, including several persons who presented letters Horn the church in London- derry, iii this State, and Haverhill and Gloucester, in Massachusetts The first election of church officerstook place April 29th, when Jonathan Rand and Moses Gould were chosen deacons mid Moses Gould was chosen clerk, and on the following Sabbath the ordinance of the Lords Supper was observed for the first time, and sixteen new members, who had been baptized by Elder John B.Gibson, of "Weare, were given the hand ot fellowship. The church had no pastor until June 29, 1822, when a call was extended to Elder Gibson, who ac- cepted and immediately entered upon his duties. The present house of worship was dedicated July 2, 1834, previous to which time the church had held its meetings in private dwellings, in school-houses and occasionally in the old Last meeting-house, when it was not occupied by the Congregationalists, by whom it was used a portion of the time. The church was admitted to the Salisbury Association in 1*20, but withdrew in 1828, and was one of the churches that formed the Milford Association in that year. The i ailv records not being complete, it is impossi- is Hazen. ble to ascertain the exact number of baptisms, but some three hundred persons have been received upon profession of their faith since the present organiza- tion was effected. Several interesting revival seasons have been enjoyed, when large numbers were added to the church. This church may be said to be the mother of several churches in this vicinity. November 27, 1828, thir- teen members were dismissed to form the church in Dunbartoii ; May 28, 1829, nine members were dis- missed to form the church in Amherst; July 2d. 1835, ten members were permitted to form a branch church at Amoskeag; and December 29, L836, forty- four members were dismissed to form an independ- ent church at that place. A glance at the present condition of the two churches in Manchester will reveal the growth to which this child has attained. Since its present or- ganization the following pastors have served the church : Rev. John B. Gibson from June 29, 1822, to February 28, 1828 ; Rev. Si n Fletcher from June 25, 1829, to Ipril 29, 1830; Rev. Ferdinand i. iii- ij.mii -!■[.!. -nil.,'! J:', i-. ■. \i,_.i-' '.;-,', K.-v. William X. l-ii, March 1», 1850; Rev. James W. Poland from March 28, I860, to April ■i ■■ 8ei D V Demingfr Maj 1. 1854, !•• April 1, 1-.- Rev. i. \..v. miIht 7, i •>, i. ' ' ■!-;■■ i;< - w iiii.ini II. Eaton from September 4, 1864, to Julj 1,1m.-, Bev. John S. Hara- ■1 rom Si ptember6, 1868, to Octobel 2, 1870 Rev. James W. Poland from April 1, 1871, t<> January 1 . 1ST'. ; l;,. v. John II. Nichols from July :'■. 1877 toApril29, i--:: Rev. Edward I. Lyford, the pr. sim ■ ■ Kaj 6, 1883. The church has also enjoyed the services of other brethren, whose names do not appear among those of the regularly settled pastors, and of these the name of Lev. John Peacock deserves special mention, his faithful labors being so abundantly blessed of Heaven in the winning of precious souls. The present officers are: Pastor, Rev. Edward T. Lyford; Clerk, Charles Hazen ; Treasurer, Joseph B. Gilmore; Deacons, Joseph B. Gilmore and Francis <>. Colby. St. Matthew's Church.'— An Episcopal church was in existence in this town during the last century; but the date of its organization is unknown. It was al- ways small, and had become extinct before the organ- ization of the present parish, which was in 1866. Bev. S. Y. Compton was the first rector, services being held in a public hall. The corner-stone of the present church edifice was laid in the spring of 1868 by the late Rev. James If. Barnes, D.D., of Concord, at the request of Bishop Chase, liming the same year regular services were discontinued. The church building was erected mainly through the liberality of friends in the diocese, and in Boston and New York. SByBov.W. II. Cutler. COFFSTOWN. Services were first held in the new church in Jan- uary, 1870. In the year 1874 the parish became a mission in charge of the Rev. G. Brinlej Morgan, from which time services have been held without in- terruption, under the successful ministrations of Rev. W. S. While,, ml. and Rev. II. A. Remick. The present incumbent, Kev. W. II. Cutler, took charge in Sep- tember, 1883. Methodist Episcopal Church, Goffstown Cen- tre. 1 — The first church edifice in Goffstown was built by the town, the work being < imenced in I 768, but not completed for several years. It was at the "Cen- tre," on the north side of the road, a little west of where the school-house now stands. It was used as a house of worship by the Congregational Church and also as a town-house. In 1816 another house of wor- ship was completed at the West village, and there- after services were held at the Centre only one-third of the time. This, together with the fact that the old church was very much out of repair, led the mem- bers of the Congregational Church at the Centre, in 1S38, to erect a new house of worship, with the view of having a parish of their own, with preaching every Sunday. This house stood where the Methodist Church now stands. In 1841a .Miss Parker, who claimed to be independ- ent of all churches, but who had formerly been a .Methodist, began to preach at the old church and also to hold meetings at school-houses in various parts of the town. Large crowds came to hear her ; several professed conversion. Meanwhile the Congregation- alists had not carried out their plan of having preach- ing every Sunday, and Kev. Isaae Willey, of the West village, preached in their new house one-third of the time. Some may have been dissatisfied with this arrangement. At any rate, some ,,f lie' Congrega- tionalists at the Centre became supporters of Miss Parker, and a controversy arose as to their right to use the new house of worship, which was settled by selling the entire building to two individuals who favored Miss Parker's meetings. When the new converts and others asked Miss Parker what they should do, she advised them to form a Methodist Church. Mr. Harvey Stevens went to Manchester and consulted with Rev. Elihu Scott, pastor of the Methodist Epis- copal Church there, who, in turn, consulted with Kev. Schuyler Chamberlain, presiding elder of < loncord I »is- trict. Arrangements for a Methodist meeting were made, which was held in the new church in the au- tumn of 1842. Schuyler Chamberlain, Elihu Scotl and other preachers were present. The meeting con- tinued several days and a number of persons were baptized. A society was organized The two men who owned thechurch edifice sold the pewsto various individuals, and the services of Rev. Mr. Smart, a local preacher, living at Concord, were secured until the next session of the New Hampshire Conference, By Rev. E. It. which occurred June21, 1843. Rev.SamuelS. Math- ews, a local preacher, was sent to (iollstown, and preached here one year. Mr. Mathews was twenty- seven years of age, having been horn in London, N . 1 1., January, 1816. lie joined the New Hampshire Con- ference in 1*44, and was stationed at Exeter. The next two years he was al Kast Salisbury, Mass. In is 17 he was stationed at Rochester, but in the au- tumn of that year he was cut down by a prevailing epidemic. He died September 6th. He wasa man of great zeal and deep piety. His labors at (iollstown were attended with success. The new church pros- pered, and at the end of the year he reported sixty- li\ e members. In 1844, Warren F. Evans was sent to (iollstown, and at the end of the year he reported an increase of seventeen members. Mr. Evans was a g I scholar and an original thinker, lie held pronounced views upon the subject of holiness. After filling several appointments, some of them important ones, he w iih- drew from Conference, and altera few years went to the West. His subsequent history is not known to the writer of this article. lie was followed at (iolls- town by Alexander H. Fullerton, who labored here two years, during which there was an increase of ele\ en members. in 1848, Ezekiel Adams was stationed at Hooksett and Goffstown. lie was assisted in his work by 1 >. I>. French, who seems to have preached at (iollstown rather more than Mr. Adams. John McLaughlin, who came next, although he had been a member of Conference for two years, was still pursuing his studies al the Methodist Biblical Institute, which had recently been removed from Newbury, Vt., to Con- cord, X. H. His subsequent appointments wire Nashua. Claremont, Lawrence, Mass., and (ileal Falls. He died December 20, 1857, aged thirty-four years. L,,r the next nine years, 1850-58, Goffstown was supplied by students from the Biblical Institute, among whom were ( ). II. Pitcher, Rodney Cage, A. L. Herrick (now of the New England Conference), Edwin W. Parker I now a missionary in India) and Stephen L. Baldwin (whose name has since become prominent in the history of missions in China). These students were able to do little or no pastoral work, and often sent a fellow-student to supply the pulpit, so that some years there were as many as ten ,,r twelve different preachers, and during » pail oi one winter there was no preaching. This was very disastrous to the interests of the church, and the minutes ,,f 1856 report hut twenty-live members. In 1859 and I860 there was no regular ], reaching. In 1861, through the efforts ,,f Harvey Stevens, Thomas Sargent. Daniel ( i. Davis and others, the services of a student, named ,I,,hn C. Gooding, were secured for a part of the time. The place i tinued to be supplied by students until the Biblical Institute was removed to Boston, in 1867. The names of those who had charge of the station, and wdio preached, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. some of them, nearly every Sabbath, were as fol- lows : 1862, Henry W. Ackerly ; 1863, John H. Hillman ; 1864, Thomas CbipperSeld; 1865-66, S. W. Rnland ; L867, Egbert A. Braman. Under the pastorate of J. II. Hillman the member- ship, as reported in the minutes, increased from twenty-six to forty-six. He is now a member of the New Hampshire Conference. The appointments since 1867 have heen as follows: tO, Watson W. Smith ; 1871, Eleazer Smith; lt>72, William E. Benin-it ; ls7.:-7-l, ElMi'l;;,- Bra.lfonl : ls7.\ I; Dearborn ; 1876-77, J. Mowry Bean ; 1878-80, D. W Downs ; 1881 S-, Ita.l Ta — .,11 : 1--:, .1. i.. Hani-,.,,, lss4-s.',. E,lual,l K. Perkins. Warren B. < »sg 1 was a student of the Theological School at Boston. He was from New York, and was connected with the New Hampshire Conference hut one year. Watson W. Smith and .1. L. Harrison have withdrawn from the Methodist ( 'hurcli on ac- count of change of views. Eleazer Smith died at Concord, N. II., in February, 1879, having been in the ministry fifty-one years. He was a good man, an earnest and faithful preacher. Among his appoint- ments were Montpelier, Vt., and Concord, N. H. He was twice chaplain of New Hampshire State Prison, in all fourteen years. Elbridge Bradford was transferred in 1882 to the Northwest Iowa Conference. T'nder his pastorate there was a good revival interest, and the church was greatly strengthened. R. Dearborn did not till his appointment, and his [dace was supplied by N. P. Philbrook. All the other preachers in the above list are still members of the New Hampshire Confer- ence. i in the 18th of August, 1877, during the pastorate of J. Mowry Lean, the church was struck by light- ning and totally destroyed. Although there was no insurance, a new church was erected before the close of the year. The debt of two hundred dollars in- curred at the time has since been paid. In 1881, under the pastorate of Lad Talari, a new parsonage was erected, at an expense of about fifteen hundred dollars. The society is free of debt, and has a fund of over sixteen hundred dollars, tlie legacy of the late Sally Harriman. The present membership is fifty- five. There is a good congregation and a prosperous Sunday-school. the incorporation was revived, to continue "until we shall please to approve or disallow the same." Jul} 2, 1822, a portion of the town was taken to form the town of Hooksett. June 20, 1825, some is- lands in the Merrimack River were annexed to tin- town, and June IS, 1836, the farm of Isaac Parker, in New Huston, was annexed. It retained this area until July 1, 1853, when a portion of the town was annexed to Manchester, it previously having extended to the Merrimack River. Town Clerks.— Tin- toll,, win- is a list of town clerks from 1761 to 1886 : Alexander \V,,lk, -r, t'j-,,m 17,. I t : '■'■ .i"M:,h , i ii. i , i, in i : ■ . . Craig, from 1802 to 1811 ; Ephraim Warren, from lsi 1- II . Robert Craig, from 1831 tc . Ii 17-7 to . from 1 to ls:lti; )Ii»b I" , fn.ui ls.;r. t.. o, t..l..-r Is. 1-11 : Moses Roliy, from October 18, 1841, to March, 1844 ; George Poor, from 1844 to 18*3 ; Benja- min Stevens nd), from 1845 to 1846; M Robie, from 1846 to 1848; Franklin 1' •, from 1848 to 1849 ; Alfred Poor, from 1840 to 1853; Ephraim B Wells, from March, 1853, t, December 21, Is',;; David S. Carr, from ]le,/enil>er I'l, Is;,:;, to Mareh 11, ls.",4 ; All!*., I 1' tini 1854 t,, 1855 , David Pattee.fi 1855 to 1856 . I harlcsGi i t,, is:,:, ; oivn Moor, from Is.',, to 1862 ; Georgi P. Henry, from 1862 to October 20, 1868 ; John Steel, from October -1". 1868, to March 9,1869; Frank F. Flint, from 1869 t,, 1871; Fran* B. Ii lere, from ls71 t,. L876 j Franklin Hadley. from 1876 to 1-7 rge L. Hooper, 1 i 1S7', l,. 18M1 ; Em.-t J, ,1, jis, ,n. Imu lvs.", to ll,.- pi-- lit time. Representatives.— The following is a list of rep- resentatives from 177!'t,, 1886: I- ". I: U Gregor was elected representative t>, attend at in- I J Court, .t Exeter, for tin- ensuing year; 1780, Robert McGregor; 1781, Enoch Sawyer; 1783-85, Robert McGi l ; 17-7. Job Dow ; 17.", v\ illiam Pag, , i:- l, -■■ ti I not tosend; 1790, voted not to Bend; 1791-92 Robert McGregoi 1793, voted not t,, send; 17, l--,;,. John Pattee ; 17'"., not given; 17'.i7, John Pattee;1798, Robert M igoi 1799, John Btitterfield ; 1800-01, John Btitterfield; 1802, Jonathan Gove; 1803-04, John Bot- terheM ; 1st, .",, not ;;i veil ; Is,,,:, ,7. ,l,,lin Itnttertielil ; lsns-ll, Favi,! L. Morrell; 1817, not given; 1818, William Brown ; 1819-21, John Pattee; 1822, Robert Hall ; 1823, John Pattee; 1824-25, Robert Hall; 1826, Jesse '.,,i. i-J7.1i.oi, I Steel and Gideon Flanders ; 1828, Jesse Carr and Eliphalet Richards; [829, Jesse Can and Eliphalet Richards; 1830, David K;,n and Charles F. Gove; 1831, David Barr and Charles F Gove; 1832, David Ban and Charles 1' Gove; 1833, Charles F. Gove and Noye- I' ; Is -.), rhnil.-. F n,,ve and Koyet Robert Craig and Jesse fa,,; 1.- ;,;. l:,,l.,i t i taig and Isaac Flan- ders; 1837, Isaac Flanders and Benaiah Richards; is!-, Benaiab Richards .,,..1 Henrj B Stevens; 1839, Henry I',. Stevens and M r . isle. M..-. s Poor and Benjamin st.-o-n- - Benjamin Stevens (second) and s. T. Jones; 1--I-, Shubael T Jones and Noyes 1' ; i-t ;. Noyes Pool and 1:1,1 halet B 1-44, Eliphalet l:„ hai-,1-, Jr.. nml Joseph Sargeul CHAPTER V G0FFST0WN— (CoTitin <>). ncorporalion , ,f Town— Chain:,-- in I',, aiielari.-- -I. i-t of Town Clerks— Repi-.'-entiitives— Militai-i i : 1861 - Names of Soldiers— Ma- sonic History— Bible Lodge, No 27. r. and \ M -B.il Lodge, So !i:;,F. and A M.- Webstet Lodge, No. 24, I 0. 0. F.— The Press— The Enterprise— Tin Herald Tb, L'nion— The Advertiser— S Tins town was incorporated June 16, 1761, by the Jovernor and Council of New Hampshire, to continue corporate body until March 2-"., 1763. April5, 1763, . Hadley; l-.'i, aniiiiF. Blaisdell ,';,,-, 1854, s, II, W ill,. Ml, ,. i .... . P. Hadley and Jos, i-li Dnnlap : i-.",7, John s. Can- an, I H:«ii.l Ml - ivid M. Taggart ; 1859, .1 .i,i, I ' no I i .in. nan It,,!,, o-oii , Is,;,,. John Duulap and oilman Robertson; 1861, TI as R. Butterfield and Albert G. Robie; 1--.-. :- ami John Gil, hri-l Gikhrist ; ls'4 l'„ m.niu , i ,,n i : I 565, Joseph li. Kennedj and Vlfred Pooi 1866, David S Fereon and William P. , n illiam ll. Eaton and John s. Little ; 181 B Join i and John 51. Parker; 1869, Lucian D. Hunkins and John i; Moore and Peter E. Hadlej ; 1871, John K i I • I I: An-tin: 1-7.'. 1 >.. s i.l M Tint-art and Tln.,1- COFKSTOWN. 325 ! U i W Ri. barde ; 1873, Alvin Hadley and Jesae Tewksbury; 1876, Georj SI.uk all.l .l.'Mall l.a-.e]le Leonard Robertson, elec ■ irgrage ; I s . 4 , idull and Julin [877, Lewis II. oa II. Merrill : .lvanua B Gil. rist; 1882, David V Taggart; 1884, George P Hadlej (si I Military Record, 1861-65— The following are the ames of those who enlisted from Goffstown during months' John L. Frederick Mel rell, John A. Heath, Willard 1 I Solomon Smit i, Benjamin D. Bel tier, Edwii s dell, Henry B ker, Edward Barnard, Edwin jainin F. Quinby, John O'Neil, Marselah A. Merrill, Thomas O.Grady, Henry ('. Richards, Leonard X. George, Godfrej Jehonnett, Hor Shirley. Jas.au Mill, t, J ■ .-^i -I i Comfort. The following are the namesof those who enlisted to go to Portsmouth in 1863, into the Heavy Battery : Fredrick 7,. Swartzs, Charles J. Drew, Samuel B. WeBton, John S Poor.JamesL. Hunkins, Frank Harriman, George \ Gilchrist, Charles Morgrage, Malcom Mi I. • Daniel Kidder, Joseph i: SteaYens, Edward .1 Collins, Moses W. w Ibury, George F. Bidwell, Daniel L. W Ibury, Ivlwu Stephen Law I M. I' ,Ja Bible Lodge, No. 27, F. and A. M., was chartered .May, 1816, with the following charter members: Jonathan Gove, John McGaw, Thomas Raymond, Jesse Carr, William Fowler, Thomas Kenedy, Samuel P. Kidder, Jr., David L. Morill. The First Master was Jonathan Gove, and the Second Master, Jesse Carr. For a time it ranked among the first lodges in the Stan. In 1X24 a large number of its members petitioned for a lodge in Bedford — Lafayette Lodge, No. 41 (now located in Manchester),— which, with the anti-Masonic excitement, diminished the membership, and in 1835 it was voted to dissolve the lodge. Bible Lodge, No. 93, F. and A. M., was chartered May 16, 1877, with the following-named persons as charter members: James H. Conner, Josiah Laselle, David A. Paige, Amos H. Merrill. Charles I'. Georgei James G. Taggart. Oren J. Balch, James 1!. Ferson, Jess,- E. Junkius, John K. Richardson, Wallace Cald- well, Abel M. Davis, Charles E. French, Isaac J. Paige, Thomas M. Harvell, Henry 11. Johnson, J. Frank Warren, Benjamin F. Merrill, Charles II. Hadley. First officers were James II. Conner, Master; Josiah Laselle, Senior Warden; David A. Paige, Junior Warden; Amos IF Merrill, Treas. ; Charles F. George, Sec. The present officers are as follows: James R. Ferson, W. Master; Charles F. George, S. Warden ; Abel M. Davis, .1. Warden; Joseph Cram, Treas.; James IF Conner, Sec; [saac .1. Paige, Chaplain; ( lharles E. French, S. i >eacon ; Leslie S. Bidwell, .1. Deacon; William H. Colby, S. Steward ; Henry W. Parker, J. Steward ; John K. Richardson, Marshal ; otis F. Sumner, Tiler; James G. Taggart, Repre- sentative. Past Masters : Janus 1 [.( 'onncr, Josiah Laselle, David A. Paige, Amos H. Merrill, James G. Taggart. Webster Lodge. No. 24, 1. 0. 0. F., 1 was instituted March 26, 1X77, by Alonzo F. Craig, M.W.Grand Master; Henry A. Farrington, Deputy Grand Master; Joel Taylor, Grand Secretary; Robert <'. Furnald, Grand Treasurer ; Joseph Kidder, Grand Chaplain; Alfred P. Hendrick, Grand Marshal; Benjamin Fletcher, Jr., P. G., Representative. III. charter members were William II. Weeks, Charles A. Whipple, Robinson Brown, Kendrick Kendall, Frank Blaisdeil, M.D., Isaac -I. Paige, Nor- man L. Richards, Calvin Richards, Charles G. Bar- nard, Edwin A. Blaisdeil, Nathan J. furrier, Calvin Martin, Henry Moore, Frank H. Woodman, William P. Carlton, John E. Leizer, Selwin T. Martin, Edson F. Rand, George W. Paige, Charles C. Hadley, L. Henry Stark, John W. Story, Albert E. Emerson, Henry W. Merrill, Thaddeus W. Richards. 'I'h. first officers were R. Brown, N. G. ; Isaac J. Paige, V. (i. ; William Q. Carlton, Secretary ; Frank IF Woodman, Treasure! ; Henry W. .Merrill, War- den ; Edwin A. Blaisdeil, Conductor ; Frank J. Paige, i lutside < l-uardian : John E. Leizer, Inside < tuardian : Nathan J. Currier, R. S. N. G. ; Kendrick Kendall, E. S. N. G. ; William IE Weeks, R. S. V. G.; < lharles C. Barnard, L. S. V. G. ; George W. Paige, R. Scene Supporter ; Charles A. Whipple, L. Si ene Supporter ; Charles C. Hadley, Chaplain; Kendrick Kendall, Nathan J. Currier, William IE Weeks, Trustees; L. Henry Stark, Calvin Richards, Henry Moon-, Investi- gating Committee ; Henry Moore, (alvin Martin, L. Henry Stark, Finance Committee; Frank Blaisdeil, M.D., Examining Surgeon. The Noble Grands have been as follows: R.Brown, I J. Pai ;e, F. II. Woodman, C. G. Barnard, William IF Weeks, E. A. Blaisdeil, Calvin Martin, F. Blais- deil, K. Kendall, G. W. Paige, S. T. Martin, L. H. Stark, C. IE Gregg, C. Morgrage, F. J. Fletcher. The present officers are H. Moore, N. G. ; L. S. Bidwell, V. (..: F. Blaisdeil, M.D., Sec. ; R. Brown, 326 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. R. S. X. G; G. Henry II.. it. L. S. N. G. ; William H. Dow, R.S.V.G.; Charles F. Ferson, L. S. V. G. ; Daniel H. Hoit, Right Scene Supporter; Earnest Whitney, Left Scene Sup] er; Charles H.Gregg, Warden; George B. Stevens, Conductor; Fred. K. Hazen, Inside Guardian; E. A. Blaisdell, Outside Guardian ; Frank T. Moore, Chaplain ; Representa- tive to Grand Lodge, K.Kendall; C. Morgrage, E. A. Blaisdell, F. .1. Fletcher, Finance Committee. The lodge at present numbers about seventy mem- bers, and is in a flourishing condition; composed of some of the best citizens of Goffstown. The Press. — There have been several small publi- cations started in Goffstown from time to time, all, however, being short-lived. The Enterprise, published annually, in the interests of the inhabitants, January 1. L870, 71 and 72, by Henry E. Blaisdell : The Her- ald, Mrs. II. L. Harvey, editress; The Union, .Mrs. G. D. Davis, editress, in the interests of the Methodist Society ; The Advertiser, by Frank E.Paige. Statistical.— The following is the inventory of the town for 1885: Number of polls 475, £47,500; 425 horses, $35,182 ; 4 mules, $200 ; 74 oxen, $4826; 821 cows, $26,357; 561 sheep, $1768; 199 neat stock, $4434; 56 hogs, (taxable), $462; stock in public funds, $3500; in banks, $8430 ; in trade, $35,050; mills and machinery, s'JiioO ; money on hand ami at interest, $216,448 ; total valuation, $1,198,327; increase over last year, $26,869; amount of tax levied, $7248.66; rate, including highway tax, 59 cents on $100; num- ber of dogs, 138. There arc 281 children in town between the ages ..f live and fifteen years. Popula- tion, 1699. Goffstown has various manufacturing interests which give life and stability to the town. There are three physicians in the town, — A. I". Carl', < . I-". < Jo .rue, and Frank Blaisdell, — and one lawyer, Hon. Samuel Upton. There is one hotel iii the village, II. II. I Ui-tiu, proprietor; and two summer hotels, the Shirley Hill House, S. D. Johnson, proprietor; and the Scribner Hill House, II. S. Scribuer, proprietor. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN M'GAW PARKER. The first ancestor of the subject of this sketch was Josiah Parker 1 , who came from England prior to 1700 and settled in t 'ainbridgc, Mass. His son Thomas' was a clergyman, and was the first settled pastor of the church at Dracut, Mass., and died there in 1765, His son John 1 settled in Litchfield, N. II. His sec- ond son, William', was born in 177".. He married Hannah Aiken, who died September 30, IMS. His second wife, Hannah (Adams) McGaw, was born August 22, 1788, and died February 2b. 1869. By the first union there were tour children, — Rodney, George W., Caroline and Margaret Ann. By the second union there were also four children, — Hannah A., born November 13, 1819; John McGaw 5 , bom Sep- tcmberl7, 1822; David Adams, born October 5, 1S24; and William H., bom August 6, 1831, who died in infancy. William' was one of the earlj settlers of Goffstown, N. II.. and became largely identified with the lumbering and the mercantile trade and was also ixtensive farmer and. for his time, one of the prominent and successful men of the town. He died August 9,1839. His wife, Hannah Adam-, was a superior woman, a descendant of that honored fam- ily whose representatives were called to the executive head of our nation, whose Christian influence over her family was most ennoblingand " whose children now call her blessed." The subject of this sketch at an early age attended the district school of his native town, where he received the rudimentary part of his education, and alter some time spent in the academy at Hopkiuton, N. H., he completed his edu- cation at old Derrj Academy, and entered the store of his father as clerk. After several years of expe- rience in mercantile life gained in his father's store, also in a store in ( loncord and in the store of William Whittle, in ( loffstown, he, iii 1843, started on his own account in the mercantile trade at the old stand of his lather's, where, in 1847, lie associated with him his younger brother, David A.. — underthe firm-name of J. M. & D. A. Barker, — and for almost forty years they have pulled together, carrying along large :r^fi- cultural as well as mercantile interests. The, have also invested a large capital and engaged exten- sively in the wood and lumber business for many years, and by sound judgment and indomitable energy have accumulated a large property. The building of the Manchester and North Weare Bail- mad added greatly to their business facilities, and they became its lamest patrons. On the 30th of November, 1854, Mr. Barker married Letitia • '., daughter of the late Captain (diaries Stinson, of Dunbarton, N. II. Mrs. Barker was born March 9, 1835. The children of this union are three— I diaries Stinson, born November 3, 1855; Henry Woodman, born Februarj 26, 1859 ; and Frank Adams, born June 1,1866. I lharles was married, Augusl -'lit, 1877, to Ella J. Hoit, who died February 3, 1878. I lharles and Henry arc associated in the mercantile business at Goffstown and are doing a large and profitable business. Mr. Barker is a Republican in politics, and has been elected to various otlices, in each of which lie has shown fidelity and good sense. He was a member of the State Senate in 1858-59. In 1855 he was elected commissioner li.r 11 illsborough County, serving two terms, and in 1869 represented his town in the General Court, [n 1876 and 1877 he was coun- cilor from his district, being elected from a strong Democratic district, thus showing his popularity even among political opponents. At the institution of the Male Board of Equalization, in 1879, he wascom- & €5^ 1 ' < /^^ «&. J%^4±- GOFFSTOWN. 327 missioned by the court as one of the five members, was reappointed in 1881 and selected as president of theboard. In L879, atthe organization of the Guar- anty Savings-Hank of Manchester, he was ehrted president, which office he still holds, lie is also one of the directors of the Merchants' National Bank of Manchester. Mr. Parker lias been postmaster of his native town, has gained a wide celebrity as a suc- cessful auctioneer, is often called to act as referee in the adjustment of disputed questions, and in all matters of a public nature he takes a most lively in- terest, and has won a most enviable reputation. New Hampshire is justly proud of such a son. CAPTAIN CHARLES si I\so\. The subject of this sketch was born April 18, 1800, in Dunbarton, N. H. He was grandson of William' Stinson, one of the early settlers of this town under the Masonian granf of 1751; was born of Scottish parents in Ireland, March 1">. 1725. From that country, while young, he emigrated with his father to Londonderry, X. II. In the year 17">l-o2 he com- menced a settlement in Starkstown (afterward Dun- barton ), where for a time he lived alone in a log cabin, in which, on one occasion, he received as a visitor the Rev. David Mc< Iregore. " Not havinga table,'' says the historian of Londonderry, "nor anything that would answer as a better substitute, he was obliged to make use of a basket, turned up." The Rev. Mr. McGregore, in asking a blessing, host might be "blessei This blessing was liti became one of the t inhisbaskel and in rally fulfilled, as » lost wealthy perso vicinity. 1 le was prominent u the settlement of ship, and Idled with credit many offices of trust and importance, and by industry and economy became one of the most substantial freeholders within twenty William Stinson was married to \gnes Caldwell, .March 26, 1754, and died August 21, 1803. She was born June 17, L734, and died July 23, 1818. By this union there were twelve children. William- Stinson, Jr., second son of William Stin- son, Sr., born March 4. 1762, married .lane Cochran, of New Boston, N. H., who was born in 1776. He was an excellent farmer and intelligent man. Ifewas often employed in town affairs, was liberal and hospitable, especially to the poor. In him they found a friend. His wife was a superior woman, who looked well to the ways of her household, and their house was one of the mosl agreeable visiting-places in town. From this union there were five children. William Stinson, Jr., died April 8, 1822. Jam- C. Stinson died April 28, 1820. Captain Charles' 1 Stinson was tin' oldest son of William Stinson. Jr. At an early age he displayed a love for farming, and made progress in the district school. At Bradford Aeademv, Massachusetts, he ultimately acquired what education it was his privilege to obtain. When eighteen years of age he was ap- pointed commander of Dow's Troop. He was an active officer during the celebrated Colistown muster, where he obtained the title that followed him il gh life. He was well known in this section of the State for his good judgment and his sound integrity. As a farmer he was active, and naturally id' a strong constitution, he was able to carry on a great amount of worlc. and as a reward of his industry, he added to his original inheritance a good property. \- a resident of Dunbarton, N. 11., he was activi and prominent in its all'airs. He was countj c - missioner, selectman, treasurer and twice elected lo the Legislature. In I Sl>7 he sold his large estate ami moved to ( roffstown, where he spent the remainder of his days in quietness and attending to his business affairs. Captain Charles Stinson married Susan, daughter of Robert and Prudence Cochran, of Sharon, Vt., Maj 15, L831. Susan was born October 27, 1803, and .lied March S.;. 18S8. He married, second, Mary Ann, daughter of Moses and Sally Poore, of Cotistown, X. II., May 29, 1839, born August 28, 1811. Captain Charles Stinson died August s. 1878. I here wi re three children by the first union, and one li\ i he second. Children, — Jane' Stinson, born October •">, 1833, married Wallace Caldwell, of Byfield, .Mass., July 15, 1858. Letitia C. 2 Stinson, born March 9, ls:;o. married John M. barker, of Goffstown, November 30, 1854. Susan C. 3 Stinson, born October 22, 1837, married, George Byron Moore, November 29, 1860. Mr. Moore died of pneumonia April 11,1872. On May 17, 1877, she married Judge Edwin S. .Tom's, of Minneapolis, Minn., where she now resides. Mary Ad Stinson. born August I, 1st], married Charles A. Pillsbury, September 13, 1866, of Minne- apolis, Minn., where she now resides. i HE SHIRLEY FAMILY. The first ancestor of the New Hampshire Shirleys, of whom we have any record, was James Shirley, who was born, probably, in the north of Ireland, in Ulster County, in 1649. This was the year that Cromwell sent bis famous Ironside Legion into Ire- land, and avenged the terrible massacre of the Prot- estants in 1641. It is not improbable that the ances- tor- of James Shirley, if not James himself, came loan Scotland to Ireland in one of those currents of emigration that set out from one country to (he other, as the waves of religious persecution swept hither anil thither, as Catholic or Protestant was in the ascendant. It is even possible that .lame- Shirley, as well as his ancestors, may have been a native of Scotland, and. with his parents, lure been among the exiles driven from Scotland, in 1660, under the • HISTOHY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. cruel persecutions of Junius Craham. (if Claverhouse, who was the tool of James, viceroy of Scotland and brother of James II. These immi land were Presbyterians. Fifty years before, in nil:!, many of their ancestors bad settled in Ulster, on lands confiscated upon the overthrow of the Earl of Tyrone, who had rebelled against James I. This immigration kept up until 1641, when the hatred of the natives bad so increased that it culminated in an attempt to exterminate the entire Protestant popula- tion, and in the attempt forty thousand Protestants v, ere slain I his massacre was a\ enged by < Iromwell, who, for the first time, brought all Ireland to Eng- land's feet. For forty years more the Scotch and Irish lived side bj side in the north of Ireland, al- ways hating and always at fend with each other. The expulsion of James II. from the throne of Eng- land, in less, was followed by the accession of Wil- liam III. and a new religious war in Ireland, the Catholic Irish supporting James, and the Presbyterian Scotch rallying about the standard of William. It was during this turbulent period — 11)90-91 — that the famous siege of Londonderry occurred. William tri- umphed, and in the battles of the Boyne and !mgh- rim the cause of James and the Catholics was over- thrown. But the brave defender,- of Londonderry fared but little better than their Catholic besiegers. The ai i- passed in the interest of the Church of Eng- land bore as lu-a\ ilv against the Scotch Presbyterians as against the Irish Catholics. Many emigrated, and among the number was the faithful band that settled Londonderry. They sailed in five vessel-, ami landed in Boston, August 4, 171*. That winter they passed in Casco Bay, suffering terribly. The next year they heard of Nuffield, on the Merrimack, settled there and renamed it Londonderry, Thence thej spread, and they and their children became the pioneer set- tlers of Derry, Chester. Windham, Bedford and < ioffs- town. James Shirley arrived in Chester in 1730, at the great age of seventy-six, bringing with him a full-grown family. He was a farmer, and is chron- icled as living to the extraordinary age of one hun- dred and five years. It will thus be seen that the Shirleys spring from a hardy, industrious, reliant and long lived ancestry. With James' Shirley came three sons, — John", nd Deacon Thomas' 1 . Captain James' 1 Shir- ley, wdio died in 179(1, was a seventh son, and famous for curing king's evil (orscrofula) by the stroke of the hand. Thomas- was born in Ireland in 1728, and died in Goflstown in I Si IS. aged eighty year-. Hi- son. James ' , was born in Chester in 17-">9, and died in Goffstown, March 31, 1855, aged ninety--ix years. i ed Man Moore, daughter of Colonel Daniel M -e, an officer in the Revolutionary War. For his second wife be married Mrs. Abigail McCutehins, the mother of Moses and General Luther McCutehins, Mrs. John Swallow and Mrs. Robert M. Shirley. Their children were .Nancy', .lane', Thomas', Daniel M.', .lames*. John', Gilman 4 , William' and Rob- ert m: Nancy* Shirley, born 1784: died December 12, 1818; married Joshua Vose, of Bedford ; children, — Joshua, Daniel, James and Nancy. Jane', born 1785; died December 9, 1865; married William McKinney, of Newberg, Ind.; children, — Vlargaret, born 1806; Mary, bom 1808; John, born 1810; .Tame-, bom 1810; William, born 1814; Thom- as, bom 1817; Joshua, born 1819; Nancy, bom 1822; Harriet, born 1825; Martha, bom 1828; Cornelia, born 1830; Cordelia, born 1830. ■ Shirley, horn 1789; died May 13, 1834. He was a teacher, and died at Satassia, Miss., aged forty-live years. He never married. Daniel J/'. Shirley, born 1791; died August 23, 1855; married Jane Moure, daughter of Robert Moore, of Bristol. He was a tanner, and lived on a part of the original homestead farm on Shirley Hill, the bouse on which, still standing, was the second two- story frame house built in town. Their children were, Robert M., born November 24, 1819; died April, 1883; married Margaret Lodge, ofGoflstown. Nancy, born December 2d. 1823; married Gilman Shirley: children, — Alma, born 1849; Frank, born March 29, 1854; Clinton, born October 6, 1857. Mary, born May 10, 1826; died December 1, 1869; married Fphraim Heahl; children, — George, born 1849; Hattie, born July s, 1852. Joseph, born April 22. 1831; married Nellie Niles, of Bombay, N. Y.; children, — Ardello, born 1859; died 1865; Delbert, bom 1861; Jennie, bom 1869; Delmay, born 1871; Hattie, bom 1875. Harriet, born April 2. 1835; married Sylvanus D. Johnson; children, — Cora Belle, born February 10, 1859, died July 12. 1859; Horace Shirley, bom' Oc- tober 22. 1867, died October 12, 1869; Shirley Moore, bom January 8, 1869; Helen Inette, born February 2, 1871. Daniel, born September 26, 1838; married De Ette Sackett, of Potsdam, N. Y.; children, — James, born February 2:;. 1876; Emma De Ette, bom July 4, 1879. Borai e, born March 19, 1841; enlisted in Company G. Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers; drowned in Vermillion Bayou, La., April 17, 1863, at the age of twenty-two. He was oneofthe thousands of noble and patriotic youths wdio gave their lives to their country in the war which saved the Union and freed the slave. born May 5, 1794; died August 8, 18(>3. He graduated at Dartmouth College, read law at Albany. N. Y., but soon left for Augusta, Ga., re- suming -todies and Inning charge of an academy there, lie began practice at Florence, Ala., and pursued it at Huntsville, Ala., but finally settled at Vicksburg. His character was unblemished, his be- nevolence exalted and his loyalty to the Union un- compromising. It was at his plantation that the ec^ -> CdlTSTOWX. 329 interview occurred between Ccncrals Crant ami Pem- I" 1 [.hi, u hieli led tn the surrender of Vicksburg. He married, first, Harriet, daughter of .lames Walsworth, of Norwich, Conn., in 1820. In 1835 lie married Adeline, daughter of Abraham Quincy, of Boston, Mass. James Jay. oldest son of .lames and Harriot Shirley, was born in 1825; died 1852. His widow, Harriet, and daughter, Emma (Mrs. Andrew < 'riddle), reside in Clinton, Miss. Children by second mar- riage, — Frederick, born 1836, died 1873, unmarried. Quincy, born 1848; graduated at West Point; died 1879; he married Margaret Parks. Alice, born 1844; married General John Eaton, United States commissioner of education; their children arc, — James Shirley, born 1868; Elsie, born February 0, 1871; John Quincy, born 1873. John* Shirley, born 1 71 >7 ; married Margaret Hous- ton; lives at Suspension Bridge, X. Y. Children, — Alfred, born 1819; married Jane Woodbury. Maria, bora 1827; married Andrew Kimball ; their children, — Lauron H., born 1850; Emma J., burn 1852, died 1876; Ella F., born 1854, died 1X77; Clara M., born 1857, died 1881; George A., born 1859; John S., born 1855, died 1861; Oilman, born September 20, 1823, married Nancy .Shirley; member of Company G, One Hundred and Twelfth New York Volunteers, killed in battle of Odd Harbor, Ya., June 2. 1864. John Shirley, died May 10, 1885; married Susan Parker, of Hooksctt ; children, — Josephine, bom 1849; Charles, born 1850; Quincy, born L858; Susey, born 1862; Mary Jane, born 1823, married Griggs Hol- brook, member of < >ne Hundred and Seventieth New York Volunteers, died in Andersonville prison; mar- ried, second, Joseph IT. Stevens, died 1880; chil- dren, — Margaret Abbie, born 1866; Alice Maria, born 1868; John Iladley, born 1870; Fred Hodgman, born 1873; married, third, Andrew Kimball. Sarah, bom 1836; married Matthew Dolphin; died 1869; chil- dren—George Alfred, born 1X07; Carrie Shirley, born 1869. Margaret, born 1840; married James Cooper, 1863; children— Thomas Shirley, born 1865; John Maxwell, born 1X07; Ella Margaret, 1869; Robert James, 1871 ; Mary Emma, 1874. Cil, unit 1 Shirley, born L799; died at Gilmanton Academy, Franklin County, Ala., August 18, 1822, aged twenty-three; unmarried. William* Shirley, bom 1802; died at Court land, Franklin County. Ala.. August 25, 1824, aged twenty- two. Robert 31'. Shirley, born January 7., L808; married Sophia McCutchins, born April 15, 1805, died De- cember 6, 1870; married, second, Lucretia Houston, born July 20. 1X20. For fifty years Mr. Shirley was one of the prominent farmers and business men of the county. He is now retired from active business, and in his retirement, as in his active life, is distin- guished for his kindness, integrity and liberality. He was a seventh son, famous for curing kind's evil. Children (by first wife),— James Quiney b , born November II, L829; married Elmira McPherson, of Bedford; educated at New Lon- don ; went to California in 1850, at the age of twenty; engaged in mining and stock-raising in California, Idaho. Utah and Oregon; a pioneer and successful operator in the latter business. At the ear] twenty-one he drove a large herd of cattle from Council Bluffs to San Francisco. Mary Helen', bom .May 2:;, 1839; married Freder- ick Eaton, dry-g Is merchant of Toledo, ( Ihio; child, Helen, bom August 5, 1866, died April 1;;, 1876. Abitjail Frances', bom November 21, 1844; married Colonel James B. David, of Amherst; resides in Somerville, Mass. ; child,- -James Quincy, born May 30, 1874. Edward Carlton Shirley 5 , bom Dei-ember 5, 1834, in Goffstown, X. II.; married Amanda Malviua Baldwin (April 24, 1x02), daughter of Deacon Nahum Baldwin, of Manchester; children,— Mary Vicksburg 6 , born July 4, 1803, the day of the fall of Vicksburg; Hubert Lawrence", born May 12, 1868; Florence Sophia 6 , born February 17, 1871. Colonel E. C. Shirley is one of the best, known and most prosperous farmers in the State. He tills the homestead farm on Shirley Hill, which he has im- proved and brought to a high state of cultivation. His occupation is that of his immediate and remote ancestry in an unbroken line, and which has so strik- ingly conduced to longevity in this family. His home combines the attractiveness of rural life and the hap- piness of the domestic circle, united with a generous hospitality and troops of friends. Colonel Shirley was educated in the district school until he was eighteen years of age, and was then sent to New Hampton, where he remained until the breaking up of that school. He then went with Professor Knight to New London, where In- remained three years. A Her leav- ing school, Colonel Shirley went to California in 1856, where he remained two years, engaged in var- ious employments. Returning to New Hampshire, he was engaged in lumbering operations until 1862, when his lather moved to Manchester, leaving the homestead to his care and possession. Colonel Shir- ley has always taken an active interest in military and agricultural affairs. He has held a commission as second lieutenant in the Amoskeag Ycterans, aid- de-camp to Governor P. C. Cheney, with the rank of colonel, and on "New Hampshire Day," at the Cen- tennial at Philadelphia, was officer of the day. He was also assistant quartermaster on the staff of Brig- adier-General Clough, New Hampshire National Guard. He is a member and trustee of the New England Agricultural Society, ami for liner years was chief marshal at the exhibitions. He is also a member of the Xew Hampshire Agricultural Society . and chief marshal at four exhibitions. He is also one of the founders of the I'iscataiptog Valley Agri- cultural Association. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. LEMUEL NOYES PA J II E. The subject of this sketch was born in Massachu- setts, February 5, 1804. His parents, while he was very young, removed to Goffstown, N. JI., and in this romantic and beautiful village he passed his boyhood days. He attended the public school, and there re- ceived the foundation for an education on a more ex- tended scale than was to be acquired in the district school. While yet of tender years he was placed in the office of Judge Charles II. Gove (then a resident of that town), and under the private tuition of thai distin- guished jurist became fitted for the discharge of the responsible duties of later life. Mr. Pattee, after leav- ing the office of Judge < love, worked as a fanner dur- ing the summer months for several years, and during the winter taught in the district schools of several of the adjoining towns with a good degree oi success. In 1827 he married Vashti L., daughter of Joseph and Margaret Little, of (ioffstown. They had one child— Mary 1'., who was born March 29, 1828, and was married to John B. \V Ibury, of Antrim, N. H.. March 6, 1849. Mr. Pattee was the proprietor of a country store for several years, and in this department of industry achieved a g I degi ee of success. In 1842 he was elected register of Probate, and in September of that year removed to Amherst, N. H.. at that time the county-seat of Hillsborough County, where, for ten years, he discharged the duties of that responsible office \\ ith rare intelligence. During his residence in Amherst he represented the town in the General Court. At the close of his service as register of Probate he removed to Antrim, in the same county, which town he also represented 1 ri neral ( lourt. At the Juno si >-ioii of 1855, Mr. Pallor was elected Secretary of State, and served to June, 1858, being re-elected each year. He discharged the duties of this responsible office with singular fidelity, and, as a political history, was the first Secretai State i lected under a Republican administration, Hon. Ralph Metcalf being Governor. Mr. Pattee was an active member of the Whig party, and assisted in the formation of the Republican party, and acted with it up to the time of bis death, u uli fn! one exception. Being an admirer of General George Jj. McClellan, ho voted for him lor President. .Mr. Pattee was liberal in his religions views, was a constant attendant upon and a liberal contributor to the support of public worship. He was a genial man, an interesting and fluent talker, a good citizen and much respected by all who knew him. A beautiful portrait in oil, the gift of his widow, bangs in the office of the Secretary of State, from a copy of which the accompanying engraving was made. .Mr. Pattee died April 1. l.>7", aged sixty-six years, and was buried in the familv lot in Cotl'stown, N. H. ^ f/;//^/' i 7/,} HISTORY OF GREENFIELD. FRANCES PEAVEY. PREFACE. THE task of ^I-mhhii; Ml- full. .win- it-in.- ..I iJi.-.-iiti-M »ii-T- -i \ h.- i .'.'ii u I. ii ■.>!!.. .1- ..in-, ..11 ... . mint ,.t tin.' -,. .11. ■ 1 1 v ..f ni.li. i i.l- lias been found, and oolj a t- w >li.ui> --. • \t. ii.iii._- .-\- t i-. .- i periods Ii i« by detached Ii.i-ih.ih-s --I I nmh lu-h-n. -i 1> ■■!■[.. i I.--.I Ir.-in ill. I. 1. ill. . IMIIS <.| Milt I'll). 1-1 t lll/.ll-. ..f 111- 1-1. Ill- I. I it- -I !■■ Ill- III l\ tl,- M ancestors, that weave enabled to lifl tin reil Chi celops th< past . 11.111-I1 !■■ ■ .it. Ii 111 1 ill . li-aiiis .'I Hi'- i|..|ii.-Ii. Ill- ..I 111.- |Hnii.-.Th 'I In- -. in-.-, i. ut -.--•in to have I" en the lovi ol adventure, .1 desire t.. be free whi.-haflur-l.-d .-p|.ui mini i.-r- t-. .i..|iii|. I...H,.-- uilli -|. ,..|. t [.•-. iitnai \ II id tl,.- talwari physically, mentall, ■ -.|»- wnti tin- dangers, pri- .-., su ! Lei oul |.i.-i „.- town .1 le V en tbej happj "•"'••»>• *' -'- "' "-I"'- "<-■•' "• '•'"'' hrough the long Tl,, ,„|. 1,1 ,,.,1, , „•„.!,. 1,.., llia„Ust„tl we "I iln- inlisil.it itaof the town, tr. l,.i inri ,,>i.|.-nt-, ami li. :ill nilit-i - who iia*'- aided •i l.\ fiitiu-lnnu -. l:l|i- .-f 1 ti~f ..| v, iti. i<|. lit- all'l l.i.l and dates, othei i- M.ntial.|i\ CHAPTER I. Btance Agreeable. Wherefore, you] Petit] Ben Bumbij I'i... that thai Northwest Pari of the town of Lyndeborough, ol which the in- habitants hath tin some years past been desirous ol beii bettei . c modated, Maybe Annexed to thatpartoi the Society Land Lying South and Southerlj oi the Crotched Mountain with Lyndeborough Slip, ami in, -.up. .rat,. I int.. . t,,u I tl,. i.v. ill,, an, I y..nr l*.r it i. .mis. as in I'nty Bound, will Evei Pray " Benjamin Pollard, Stephen Gould, Mexandei Parker, Robert Bad- gers, Samuel Farmer, William Glover, Ouglasa Robison, William Mc- Crac, Eben' Farrii.gton, Tl as Vddisou, John Waugh, Pyam Elerri i. 22 S: ml ru.lwnrtli >:,n,.i.l U . . K-, i Hi . . i II,, It. W illtan. Wilson, K.,l..-rt Ahxaml. t. I Ii. .in..- \iU I..I.11 Chase, Timothy Cudworth, Ji natlian Gillis, James Bamsey, Robert Waugh, John McMastel Charles I iven ->tal.' \|-,. lati.M. ..I its into 11 bodj Politic, tli.it youi petitioners S, hooling life and 1 ,,i,l., ...,„, I, Kn in mi li> A 1 1. it.-. I in an\ ,,tli. , w.,\ ll>. ,11 1.1 n;ethei with lis ali.l ..||.' II.iii^. ..I I,,, Is 111 Mi.' I'm" t that with Hi. in w., llittik -.In- \i.l. t.. in.. I.. iaion for the e yment >.t Privileges and Vdvant .1 ,,,., |. .,.,,. 11- wuii tin- .till tli.-. it, 1.. priviledgea 1- in thisState, ..1 Grant Consent of Peterborough to Foregoing, 1790. i :i legal town-meeting ol' the inhabitants of Peter- trough, upon tlir istli day ..I' October, I7'.k»: ' I .,' ,'. I- tint I,, tlir |„ is,, ns |...titi..iiing tli.- G.-ni'ial l'..int tin- fast auge of Peterborough in Case they obtain from Lyndel gh and hei places what they have petitioned foi t,, !„■ incorporated into a " Ati.,-1. Thomas Steele. Greenfield was incorporated June 15, 1791, and was composed of portions of Society Land, Peterborough ami Lyndeborough, and land between the two Iast- named towns, called Lyndeborough Gore. 331 :;:;2 I1ISTHKY OF IIIFFSBOliOUGH COUNTY, NEW II A M 1'SII II! K. h:ini(! KiiniM.ii. Ksi|., of Hollis, was authorized to call the first town-meeting. They met at the house of Mr. Daniel Gould, the 5th of July, 1791. After opening the meeting, adjourned to the meeting-house, at which town officers were chosen. By an act passed Decembei 28, 1791, the boundaries were changed and established. December 11,1792, the two east ranges of lots of land in Greenfield, in that portion which, previous to the incorporation of the town, was known as Lyndeborough Addition, were annexed to Francestown. Julj 4. 1872, another portion of this (own was annexed to Francestown. A portion of the territory now comprised in Greenfield was settled, in 1771, by Captain Alexander Parker, Major \. Whittemore, Simeon Fletcher and others. It has been stated that the name Greenfield was given the town bj Major Whittemore. Greenfield is situated in the southwestern part of Eillsborough County, in latitude 42° 55' north, and longitude 71 18'wesl (from Greenwich). Itisbounded north by Bennington and Francestown, east by Fran- cestown and Lyndeborough, south by Lyndeborough and Temple, and west by Peterborough and Hancock. It comprises .in area of sixteen thousand nine hun- dred and lour aires, irregular in shape, nearly the en- tire border-line from northeast to southwest forming a curious succession of right angles. It is drained by the Contoocook River, which sepa- rates it from Hancock. The surface is broken by many hi I Is, while two moun- tains, Crotched and Lymlcborough lie partly within its precincts. The soil is consequently varied in char- acter, the low lands being adapted for tillage and the hillsides for grazing. Its leading industry is agricul- ture. The same influences which impart severity to its winter climate make it a welcome and healthful sum- mer retreat, easy of aCCeSS since the extension of the Boston and Lowell Railroad to the place in 1.S74, and the Manchester and Keene in 1878. The village consists of a ehurch, school-house, post- office, hotel, depot, several stores ami a steam-mill, together with a goodly number of neat and well-pre- From its high central position it is visible miles away, at various points, and the tops of its highest hills com- mand on three sides a grand and extensive view of the sin rounding county far beyond the limits. Away to the cast, past hill and dale and village spires, rise the twin heads of the hold Unconoonucs, while to the west, far ai ross the broad intervening plain, dotted with half- concealed farm houses, Monadnock rears his symmet- rical form, towering high in air like a lofty sentinel keeping guard over the long line of approaching hills that stretch far to the northward. It has five ponds, known as Hog Hack, Mini Pond, Could Pond, Bower's Pond and Pollard Pond. The last named, located in the west part of the town, is the largest, being about one mile long and one-half mile wide. For many years it has been a favorite resort of pleasure-parties, and many a wary pickerel has been lured from it- silent depths to be cooked and devoured on its shores, with that savage relish which excursion- ists rarely fail to exhibit. For more than half a century a succession of its sons and daughters have emigrated to other parts of the country, many of whom have occupied honorable positions in the professional, business and literary world. The habits of patient toil, frugality, self-denial and endurance, acquired through the hardy occupations of their early lives, have doubtless proved a surer pass- port to success than anj inheritanceof wealth could have procured. The settlers of this town were mostly of English and Scotch-Irish descent. The Ramseys, Beans and Pattersons emigrated from the ancient town of Lon- donderry. The Holts, Abbotts and Peaveys came from \ie|o\ ei Mass., and were numerous in the south part of the tofl n. To Chelmsford and Marblehead we are indebted for some of our earliest settlers, among whom were tin Savages, Reynolds, Fletchers and others. The early settlers were industrious and frugal, and planned with a wise reference to the future welfare of the town. They raised large families and so trained them for litis duties that many of them haveoccupied honor- able positions in almost every State in the Union. But leu of the descendants of the pioneers now in- habit the town. "August s, IT'.'I U ,i I. -:.l i 'Hit i>l -.ml o.l.-i, .iixl Mtli.-r... inliiili- ilants Ml lli. ■ Tmuii of itieiMitiolil, at tin' n)ivtiiig-lnm*e in said t.-wn, mi Monday, the 8th day of August, 1791, Chose Lieut imoe Winn. First Roads. — Roads were first laid out to accom- modate individuals, and rendered passable by cutting trees as near the ground as possible, thus clearing a space of sufficient width tin' teams to pass. "A Transcript of a road leading from the centre road, so called, upon the line betwixt Thomas Iiut- nian's farm and Alexander Parker's, until it comes t" said Butman's North l->ast corner; from thence to the North East corner of Samuel Buttei 'field's clearing, and south from Joseph Eaton's barn to the bridge GREENFIELD. 333 over the pond brook, as near as the land will permit. By the Selectmen of the Society, 1787." In 1791 a road was laid out, two rods wide, begin- ningat the west line of Lyndeborough Slip, so called; thence westerly through land of Nehemiah and Ephraim Holt, to Peterborough west line. In 1793 another road, beginning at John Holt's house; thence running northeasterly to the log cause- way ; thence northwesterly to the meeting-house spot. In 1795 a road was laid out "beginning at the County road the south side id' the meeting-house ; thence easterly, by marked trees on the north side id the road, through land of Samuel Weeks, Elijah Broadstreet, William Parker and Jesse Dodge, also through land of Moses Lewis to a little brook in said land; theme easterly to the road that leads to Lynde- borough." Before 1795 a road was laid out "beginning at the easterly line id' the town of Greenfield, running south- westerly to .liilm Grant's east line, south side of Grant's hou-e, till it strikes the mad that leads by Philip Fletcher's to Lyndeborough meeting-house." Several other mads win- early laid out, and used only as bridle-paths. First Crops. — The first crop on burnt ground was rye; the surface was as thoroughly harrowed as it could lie un aeeoiint of obstructions, and the seed was peeked in with a line around rocks, routs and stumps. The yield was usually abundant ; it was reaped with a siekle and threshed with a Hail. Potatoes and tur- nips grew well mi an\ land. Flax yielded largecrops both on new and cultivated land. It was considered women's work to pull and spread it on the grass ground to int. The early pastures yielded timothy, clover and other milk and butter-producing grasses. Corn did better on land that had been cultivated a few years. First Mills— Isaac Cobbett had a fulling-mill from L820 In 1823 on land bought of Deacon David Patter- son. He had the privilege of flowing the meadow fur a pond until the 10th of May. He built and lived in the In. use now occupied by James Lewis. He was succeeded bj Mr. Locke, who carried on the same business several years, until the gradually diminished water rendered it unprofitable. The first saw-mill in town was built by Jeremiah Baldwin, just below the junction of a brooklet from ( Irotched Mountain, and a small stream which is the outlet of the Gould Pond. The first saw and grist-mill was erected by Major Peter Peavey, on thebrookat the outlet of the Bower's Pond. This mill was relinquished for want of water. Deacon John Savage had a mill on the Hardy Brook, so called, which afforded power for sawing fall and spring. It was destroyed by tire. James Sawyer has a saw-mill on the same stream, which can only be op- erated a few weeks in the year, and is the onlj re maining mill in town carried by water-power. The inhabitants of the place had Ions' felt the in- convenience of having neither saw nor grist-mill in town, and after enthusiastically agitating the subject, decided to form a slock company and build a steam- mill. A company was formed and a committee chosen, consisting of Charles Richardson, John J. Duncklee and Stephen Holt, Jr., to superintend the construc- tion of the mill. It was located in the village, on Depot Street, a few rods west id' the junction of the four mads. It was a large, heavy-timbered building, and fur- nished with heavy and expensive machinery. The mill was operated by Stephen Holt, Jr. Silas B. Winn was engineer. It did considerable sawing and grinding, hut the expenses of running it were too large to render it a profitable investment. It was destroyed by lire in June, 1851. A second steam-mill was built by the Hopkins Brothers, on the same site ; after running it a lew years they sold the engine to Edwin Jaquith, of Peterborough, ami the building to S. D. Downes, of Franci stown, who refurnished it with new machinery. It was burned to the ground in May, 1883. The site was immediately purchased by George F. Russell, wdio erected a mill and is now running it. Wild Animals. The animals found lure by the tirst settlers were deer, wolves, bears, foxes, wild-cats, porcupines, woodchueks and squirrels. Wild turkeys, partridges, woodcocks, owls, and a variety of other birds were also found. Domestic Animals. Oxen were the most useful of all the domestic animals for conveying agricultural products to distant markets; as there was no pasturage, the earliest settlers seldom kept more than ow Horses were trained to carry heavy burdens and bulky loads. They were accustomed to cany two per- sons and a child. It was not an uncommon method of performing short journeys to " ride and tie," which means that a part would ride to a specified place, and hitch their horse by the side of the mad, walk on until the Other part came up, ami thus alternate Hogs were numerous, and in early spring they were yoked, ringed and allowed to run at large. ' II AFTER II. GBEENFIELD— (Continued). ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. First Church. —Previous to 179] the | pie as- sembled on the Sabbath for worship at private houses, but alter the town was incorporated they fell the need of a meeting-house for secular as well as religious purposes. December 6, 1791, Deacon Cram, James Ellinwood and Paul Cragin were chosen by the town to appraise HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. a building owned by several proprietors, located on the site of F. C. Fletcher's present house. They reported that the meeting-house was worth twelve pounds, and the town voted to raise nine pounds to repair said house, the work to be done b) the last of the follow ing .June. A church was organized in this house, as will ap- pear from a "copy of the proceedings of the first Church of t Ihrist in Greenfield." June 25, I7'J4, this meeting-house was again ap- praised and sold to Mr. liroadstreet, and moved to tin- lower part of the village, where it is now owned and occupied as a duelling by .Mr. Horace Cudworth. " Several persons ,.t ill.- T.iwn ,.t liiveiiti.-M, uliu in-.- in lull ,-. - in.. ii uiili ilu- Church .-I Christ in towne where thej formerly be- longed, Des i> ..I being embodied into .1 distinct Church in this place, met together and proceeded as follows " 1" Chose Dea Cram Chairman. '■■Ji.b. Y,,t,.,| In i.-.pn-st tin- assist:! 11. v ,,f an Kr. 1, -siast i. al I' i.-il t.. be convened tin- Seventh day ..t September, followinp ■■:;■"<. Chosi- 11 . ..ininitt.-.- P. s.-ml t.. tin- , Inn, I,.- 11. [iyndeborougb, Wilton and Temple, t" desire tin- assistance ,.t theii eldet and di tegatt onthis tsion '■l"- 1 Voted that Dea. Cram acquaint tin- inhabitants of tin- town with 11..- proceedings --t this meeting, and desire theii attendance when tin- Count a -I.- till .t "On it-- Sei ;,'. t Sept., 1791, the Council were convened at the bona of Joshua 1 1 -It l;--\ \l Iinlj, alnl K>,| liillei, IV. .111 Lvinle- borough 1: - Hi 1 . ,. ad a 1. Ibbott, from Wilton . Rev. Mr. Milea and I.--, Cragin from Temple \11.1 Enquiring the design of calling the Council, The information is as follows Ibout twenty pei-sons, now 1 Churches to which they belonged wish 1,. be n- Council, h.-ini: satisfied with th,. ml, a 10.1 1 1. -li, a-ji I that Mr hould i-i- ... 1. in Hi.- h.t.-n 1 and Mi Fisk in the afternoon, anil ilea Kalinin 1 lam I I - i- ., I I. o.. Il.-ll. .I,,.,pli lt.,1, h. 1,1, i, ,l,,l,i, Bane, Jonathan Ballad and their wives Widon Man Fletcher, Mary, trite of The Carlt.. n, Dinah, wife of W°> Blunt, Hannah, wife of Stephen .'.iiiiihain. Lucy, wife ..f Peter Pevey, James Ramsey, Dea Cram, Joshua rlolt, .loseph Batchelder, Robert Day and James Ramsey were chosen a ;ommittee, in presence of the Council, t.. act hereafterin behalf of the Clnir.-li --I •'In i-t - ,|,i. --.n, a i, . .,, ii, ,1 in. , might i„ emboi 1 into a ihstiint ehnn I. ai.,1 ih. inn-. I,. , n ! M , Ciimil approving of their proposal, -i-i person tppeai I befop the Council and in (n is bet mentioned), and thej were accordingly acknowledged t.. I.., a regulai I Inn, h --I ''In ist -■ In i, -linn, n \ whereoi we, the Pastors mddelegati of the Churches of l.yn.leborongh. Wilt. .11 ami Turn jit,-. have heieiinlo s.-t our hands. ■ S| U u i Goodrich. " Ann, Fisk. "Noah Miles. " ANDEB-B Fl II.EB •■ AniKi. Abbott. "Francis Cragin " June 25, 1794, the town those the following com- mittee to look out a site to build a meeting house upon : Daniel Campbell, of Amherst; Timothy Far- rar, Neu Ipswich, and John Duncan, of Antrim. 'litis committee report,— "That they have viewed the several places of the town, ami tin- dif- ferent splits sin. nii ns by in.livi.hialri, anil r.-ci i.-ml tu the inhabitants t.i buildsaid meeting house on a small hill in Coster's cleared land, so >a'l.'l, ,m-l «, have ,, -ilinnly s.-t li). ;. stake ami spotted a stump for tin- front ofthe house, ami, although wedo not altogether approve of the ground in its present state, we j-.-t think that by the labor or tin- inhabi- tants, it may I..- made eligible, ami, all things considered, ret mend it as ii, n best place " Voted, I., accept the above repot t "Joseph Herrick, Toum Clerk." " Voted, to raist On- ting-house with ladders. 1 - ' '■ have hundred men t.. raise tin- meeting-house. 1, to have i. in.- from Peterborough, nine from Temple, nine from Will,. n inn. from Lyndeborough, nine fr Francestown, nine •- Voted, to send a Committeyman to each town t.. invite the men to help raise tin- meeting-house. 1../,./, h. .1 se a committee h. hum a plan lot the Piibli. Expense '"I'ln- Commitv Report Hogshead of West [ndia Rum and half a Quintal "i Codfish, half a hundred of Shugar, the Itaiset-s to have a Witing .i No O'clock in the i ningand a dinner at one of the Clock. I ' , , pi tin l.-p.irt nf tin . ,,ininit\ i ! ■ i. n- the Rev Mi Goodrich to attend the raising, also to " Voted, thai Messrs. Isaac Foster and Joseph Batchelder be a commit- tee tnk.-.p ..i.l.i on tin- ground a raisin d ,-. "I'm- I, 1795 Voted, to finish thi meeting-house in tin.,- years from next April. "Joseph Herrick, Toum Cleri Ministry.— The Rev. Timothy Chirk was the first settled minister, according to the church records. He was ordained January 1. 1800, and after a pastorate of several years, on the first Sabbath in June, 1810, aftei much solemn deliberation and inquiry to know his duty, requested a regular dismission from his pastoral office. His reasons I'm- so doing were,— 1st, inadequacy of temporal support; 2d, a persuasion in Itis own mind that the church and people were not so well united in his religions sentiments and public administrations as to rentier it duty for him to con- tinue among them. The church, in the month of September, 1810, in regular meeting, voted,— 1st, their desire that the pastor should continue in office, and that thej were willing to unit.- with the other inhabitants of the town in raising his salary; otherwise, 2d, should the town decline, that they were willing to unite with them and the pastor in calling an ecclesiastical council for his regular dismission. The town, in the same month, September, 1810, in legal meeting, voted to comply with the pastor's request, and he was dis- missed May I, 1811. A town-meeting svas called on the 23d of November, 1811. At saitl meeting the church and society united in voting to give Rev. John Walker a call to take the pastoral care of said church and society. An accept- ance of said call was manifested by the pastor-elect on the 29th of December, 1811. He was ordained February 5, 1812, and continued as acting pastor for several years, when, at a church-meeting,— voted, that it is thought expedient that the pastoral con- nection between the Rev. John Walker and this church lie dissolved. Voted, that a committee of two GREENFIELD. 335 be appointed to confer with the selectmen, I" inform them what the church have done relative to the dis- mission of the pastor, ami to request a regular town- meeting to inform the Iowa on what terms of dis- mission the pastor has proposed. Agreeable to the result of council, he was dismissed August, 1822, His ministry was faithful ami successful, during which time upwards of eighty were added to the Rev. Francis Danforth graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819; ordained over the church in Green- field the 6th of June, L823. He served as acting pastor for nearly eight years. I >ieil in ( 'larenee, N. Y., in 1843. An earnest Christian and useful in his day. CHAPT E R III. !UKKS|.'IKU> -(CWiW,/). Home Life. — The following glimpses of pioneer life were obtained from one who, in 17M, made her bridal trip to a Greenfield forest home, where she reared a family, spent a long and useful life, and now, with her husband and all her children, rests in "God's Acre," near the meeting-house where she constantly worshiped. Most of the settlers lived in log cabins a short time, and then built framed dwellings. Their houses and barns were usually separated by a garden or small field. In fair weather the cattle were fed in the yard, and the bars were left down thai they might go to the nearest brook or spring to drink:. Water for house- hold purposes was brought from the nearest springs, frequently many rods away. The all-important room in the house was the large, long, low kitchen-, usually facing the north. It con- tained a wide, deep ti re- place, which in winter was piled bigh with logs that warmed the well-ventilated apartment in the day-time and afforded light sufficient for nearly all domestic purposes in the evening. At the right hand of the fire-place was a capacious brick oven, with an ash-oven under it. A long high-hacked settle stood aslant, across one end of the broad, smooth, stone hearth. An open dresser adorned with shining pewter rested against the wall beside a fall- table. Several broad shelves afforded convenient places for baskets of wool and tow, piles of rolls, cards and various miscellaneous articles. The studding was adorned with hanks of flax, bunchesof wool and skeins of tlax and tow yarn. A row of smooth poles, resting on wooden hooks, attached to beams overhead, served as hat-rack and clothes- bars, anil in one corner frocks, blankets and hoods were huddled together on wooden pegs. In one end of the room st 1 a high bed, beneath which was a trundle-bed, a large and a small spinning-wheel, and, not unfrequently, a loom, swifts and reel and quill- wheel shared places with other domestic implements. A large brass or iron kettle I lor washing), a huge din- ner-pot, tea-kettle, long-legged spider and long handled living-pan comprised their principal cook- ing utensils. They did all their baking in the oven, except rye short-cakes and Indian trench- cakes, which they baked on boards before the lire. Besides manufacturing nearly all their clothing without thi' aid id' machinery, ami pro riding food for their families, they madi oap hcci', candles, wax, standi, glue, dyes, ink, syrups, ointments and pills. They knew the medicinal vir- tues of barks, roots and herbs, ami, by judiciously pre- pared home remedies, lessened doctor's bills. For breakfast, children, and often the entire family, ate I victuals," consisting of milk, rye or Indian grind, samp broth or bean porridge. Brown bread, baked beans and baked Indian pudding formed one of their substantial dinner-. Another was a " boiled dish," served on a large pewter platter ; sections of pork, beef or mutton occupied its centre and were flanked on all sides by piles of vegetables. A smaller platter held a cylindrical boiled Indian pudding, which was served as the first course. 'flic family stood round the table while the father " asked a blessing," and at the dose of the meal stood while he "retur I thanks." They were very eco- nomical, and nothing was wasted. The number of years a family had kept house could he ascertained by their pile of almanacs, tor hooks and papers of every description were carefullj preserved, children were received as blessings, and thanks were returned in the " house of God " for their bestowal. The old meeting-house was built, owned and con- trolled In the town. Afterthe passage of the ait allow- ing each denomination in tow u the use id' the house its proportionate share of the time, one Sabbath in each mouth was allotted tor I he use of a feu individuals of another denomination. Thus the First Evangelical Church was without a place of worship one-twelfth of the time. After having repeatedly and unsuccess- fully endeavored to make some arrangement with the town that would enable them to have the continued use and control of the place of worship, a council of ministers was called, who decided that it was for the interest of religion that the church should have the entire control of their place of worship, and advised the church to build and own a meeting-house. Act- ing upon this advice, the church voted to build, and in 1838 the majority of the church, with the assistance of other church-going people, erected a neat and com- modious edifice, which was dedicated February 13, L839, and the nest dav (February 14th), at the old meeting-house, the church voted to remove its meet- ings for public worship, and for the transaction id' ail church business, to the new meeting-house which they had erected and dedicated, after the expiration of the engagement with Mr. Field, which would ter- BISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. minute in April, Then the church commenced wor- ship in the oew house, and, after employing different ministers for a brief period, employed, successively, Revs. David P. Smith, Jonathan Metier and Daniel Goodhue, under whose ministrations the church was u n i ted mi ul prosperous ami remarkably harmonious. In l-Xti-i the diminished numbers of church-goers in both houses rendered it expedient that the churches should unite and occupy one place of worship. After much preliminary arrangement, both churches disbanded ami unite. 1 under the name of the Union Congrega- tional, and occupied the old meeting-house, the upper part having been fitted up for a place of worship and the town having relinquished its control over it. Sub- sequently, the new church edifice wa.s sold and fitted n)p for private dwellings. It wassold for about three- fourths of its cost, ami the amount divided among the original stockholders. A Congregational Church was organized at the old meeting-house November 19, 1839. "Voted to give the Rev. Bancroft Fowler a call to become the Pastor of this Church, and that the K clcsiastical Council now convened be requested to install him over this Church on the morrow." Mr. fowler was accordingly installed on the 20th, agreeably to the above request- The i astoral relation subsisting between Mr. Fowler and this church was dissolved, at his request, April 22, 1845, after which Rev. Noah Emerson, followed bj Revs. Le Bosquet, Marshall and Case, supplied the pul- pit until the two churches disbanded and united in 1867. Rev. George W. Ruland.the present pastor of the church.isa nativeofNew York. Heservedin the Army of the Potomac in 18lil-(>ll. then rc-in I teaching in Suffolk* lounty.N. V., until September, 1864, when he came to New Hampshire, and graduated ill l.s by Simeon Fletcher, whose solitary habitation at that time was a few rods north of it, and where now his dust reposes with many of his descendants and others of the neighborhood. < in the farm originally owned l>y Major Amos Whitte- more is a family burying-lot, although names on the headstones show that others have been permitted to be buried there, among whomwereRev. Charles Whit- ing and » ile. The cemetery connected with the meeting-house was laid out in 17^7 by the following committee : John Reynolds, Amos Whittemore, Elijah Broad- street and Joshua Holt, the hind being owned by the town. More of the early settlers repose there than in all the other cemeteries. Most of the available room 1ms been occupied, and many entire families have been buried there. A town receiving-tomb is accessible from the road. About the centre of the yard are the private tombs of Rev. John Duncklee and Dr. Samuel Pitch. Rev. Peter Holland Rev. David P. Smith rest neai together in the most elevated portion of the lot. Then- are several tine monuments and many marble head- stones of modern style interspersed with ancient slate- stone slabs, and numerous hillocks indicate unmarked graves. ■■ A [oil 2i'., sui.l <■.... iniitteerecoi inded the purchase of a tract of land sitnate.1 about ..lie Hi] It- east ..f the villas*-, an. I s..uth si.b- ..t tit,- t..o-t l.i.i.l, at ;, .-nst mI tin,-,- hllliilleil .1. .liars. "Sepl '- Voted, that eight acrefi he enclosed within a suitable fence, anil lat.l ..ut in l,.ts in a >; I, stil.stanti.il manner, at an e\|.,-nso nut ex- eee.lini: three hull. Ire. I .i.V.lals, ami llial In- 1 .-alter it -lull I,. . ;,ll,-.l liiv, u vale I Vlu.-t.-i \ The first turf was broken to receive the remains of Captain Benjamin Hardy, an aged native of the town and a man ofsterling worth. The first monument was placed in tin- famih lot of Deacon Levi S. Holt, where twnniembers of his family now repose. A tall granite monument marks the resting-place of Deacon Peter Peavey, an esteemed native and life-long reside I the town, and inclose proximity is the unique and elegant monument erected to the me ry of Rev. Samuel H. Partridge, late pastor of the Union ( longregational Church. Schools. -As early as 1792 a "vote was taken to choose a committee of eleven to divide the town into school districts. At this time the town was divided into seven school districts, and thirty pounds raised for the support of a scl 1." Before the erection of school houses, barns and private dwellings were used as places of instruction. In the early part of the century we liud the following names recorded as superintending school committee: Rev. John Walker, Captain John Burnham, Farnum Holt, William Whittemore, Peter Peavej and Amos Whittemore, Fs.j. In most of tin- districts there are two term- of scl I each year, A fall term of select school is often sup- ported in the village, which i- attended by pupils from all parts of the town. Manj scholars supplement the district-school in- struction by attending High Schools and academies, where they tire tittetl tor teachers and successfully follow that occupation. GEEENFIELD. 337 .March 14, 1885, an appropriation of three thou- sand dollars was made in District No. 3, the centre of the town, foi the erection of a suitable scl I building, with a hall on the sec I II for literary Military. "1795. An article to see u theii proportion ut mm call! agreeable to General orders, "1798 An Article Tosee 1 Ob ■'. to gil in. I tteinore si onipany, ill tab to raise the A draft of the loll. .wing- men was made destined to Portsmouth: Peter Peavey, Jacob Peavey, John W. Bean, John Savage, Nathaniel Reynolds and David Emerson. From the following order for mus- kets, given to Stephen Holt in 1838, it is evident that a company existed known as the Light Infantry : 1 II... i the tw-i mi. panj ol Infantry, i., longing to laid town of having the numbei enrolled ind completelj anifonued as the law pre- scribes, .i-i 1 1 appl} to said State foi tbeii quota ..i mnekt M foi said Com- pauj Another well-officered company was organized about 1830, known as the Rifle C pany, which did military duty until 1851, when, by legislative enact- ment, this company disbanded. Prior to August. 1862, forty-two three-years' men volunteered from the town, ami were sworn into the United Stall's service. ROLL UK SOLDIERS. Second Regiment. Edmund Dascomb, second lieutenant, wounded July 13, 1863; ilie.l of «, ..iii.l- .inly l.".. I sir. , ;,:.... n. sect A, Gettysburg Cemetery, Tinui' Regiment. Harrison Marshall, discharged foi disability May 9, Is.;:;. Foi iiTii Regiment. Harry Elw 1, wounded July 24, 1864 ; .li.-.l of disease, date unknown. Antoine Goddard, discliarged foi disability January 26, 1863; died in Rockport, Va. Charles II. Wilson, promoted corporal; wounded May 20, 1864; muB- w iih. hi p W inn, din. harged al Beaufort, s. C, April, 1864. George D stiles, re-enlisted February 20, IS A George F. Launcey, die. I . «f .1 i^.-o -..- \..-..-i l'I, i-...; Dearborns. M ly, re-enlisted Februarj 17, 1864. Thirteenth Regiment. I i n i- P. w ilson, I'li'i \ themaster- workman. When the raising was completed the olil.r people went home, luit the younger i s remained lor an evening frolic. There were huskings iu the fall, spelling-schools, school exhibitions ami evening parties in the winter, and sweet "sugaring oil" gatherings in the spring. They loved, wooed ami wed, ami the brides expected to hear their shares of life's burdens. There was a spirit of rivalry among the women to sec who could make the handsoniesl flowered coverlets, plaid blankets ami table linen. • iirls were taught common sewing, hem-stitching, embroidering and marking samples at scl I. Even- ing neighborhood parties were very enjoyable. Some- times a tincture ol' credulity ami superstition was apparent in their love lor marvelous stories, ami a disposition to find out the incomprehensible was manifested in their warm debates about God's fore- knowledge and decrees. Informal calls to sec how stock was thriving and how crops were turning mil were common, and served to increase neighborly in- terest and diminish envious tendencies. Than I. giving was the day that was anticipated the longest ami en joyed the most heartily. It was both a secular ami a religious least. Sonic of the settlers prolonged it to two ila\ S. Two or more families would take the first dinner at ■ house, and the next day at another. Samples of everything that had been raised on the farm were cooked, and placed on the table together, as a thanks offering for the bounties of the year. A boiled dish, with all it> accompaniments, baked meats and fowls, puddings ami [lies, were temptingly ::::$ HISTORY (iK IIILLSRoROrCill ColNTV. NKW II AM PSB I RE. displayed, and aftei :i longer grace than usual had been said, ;j I appetites 'li'l ample justice to the most impo.-ing iiical ni' t lit- year. They were early taught to obey their parents, say " Yes, sir," and " No, sir," treat their superiors with deference and all others with courtesy. The} were re- quired tn rise early and wait U] themselves, and to do their allotted work before they stopped to play. After supper the father read a portion of God's word, extinguished the candle and all the family rose and si I while lie implored forgiveness for the sins of the day, both of commission and omission, and be- Bought his heavenly Fatherto watch over them during ihe defenseless leans of sleep. Many of them kepi Saturday evening as a prepara- tion for the Sabbath, and Sabbath eve as holy time. 1 1 1 < \ werestricl in the observance of the Lord's day,— no walking nor riding, except to go to meeting; no gathering berries, nor cracking nuts, nor amusements of any kind wen- allowed. They rose early, worked hard and were prudent in all their expenses, bul generally they wen- cheerful, hopeful and contented. Road-Breaking-. — When the highways needed breaking out, all the men and hoy- in tin neighbor- hood met with their teams and shovels and worked until the roads were passable, when they agreed to meet at the house of one of the party after the even- ing hoiue-w ork was done. Proceeding to their homes, they did their chores, covered their lire- with ashe-, put a -ealding tub on an ox-sled and laid bundle- of straw around it. The tub was filled with small children, while the larger ones, with their mothers, sat on the straw bun- dles, and the men stood up by the sledstakes, and tin- larger hoys gleefully ran ahead. [f there wa- no moon, .me or two tin lanterns with tallow candles illuminated the merry party on pleasure bent. On then arrival thej were ushered into the large, long kitchen, where the dames from the great open fire-place dill'iised a ruddy light through the room, t tn a beam overhead, in front of the lire, a cord with three iron hoo'ks was suspended, and a rib, or some other delicious roast, tilled the room with savory odors. I"he men discussed the interesting topics of the day, often growing excited over political or religious subjects. The women, clad ill their warm domestic flannels, and with lingers deftly plying knitting-needles, talked of domestic concerns, while the children chased the grotesque shadows on the walls. At an early hour the sled was reloaded, and all re- turned to their h 3S with increased interest in their neighbor's prosperity, those who lived on the same road occupying the same sled. CHAPTER IV. GREENFIELD— {Continued). Manufactures— Pi.si-orh pin-i. kiiis— Lawvt-rs, Etc. The earliest articles manufactured for market were boat oars and pine shingles. Timber suitable for oars grew near the South Mountain. Two or more neighbors would go into the w Is together and split and shave oars. They likewise split and shaved pine shingles, performing the work in the forest where the trees stood. These articles, thus manufactured, were carried to Salem, Mass., with ox-teams. They carried bags of hay for their oxen and buckets of provision lor themselves. At night they put up at a tavern, where they often found teamster- from Vermont, who went loaded with pork, venison and potash, and usually returned with salt, rum and dry fish. After caring for their teams they would buy a mug of Hip, open their buckets and partake of a hearty supper, ami then, seated in the bar-room before the landlord's cheerful lire, or lounging on the high-backed settle, they would spend the evening telling stories and hearing news. The genial landlords of those days got the earliest news. It took about three days for news to travel a hundred miles. They were ready to -tan homeward hound with the earliest gleams of morning light, and the first evening after their return the neighbors called to hear a description of their journey, and all the- Mews they had collected. Post Offices and Postmasters.- A post-office was established in 1808, and James Miller appointed post- master. He was followed by William Whittemore, who was appointed in 1823 (no record of having hen commissioned); Ezra Prescott, July 9, 1823 ; Lewis Wilson, September 3, 1828; William E. Whittemore, June 13, 1832; Jacob Stephenson, March 1,1841; William 11. Whittemore, October 7. 1842; John J. Duncklee, September 21. 1848; Jacob Stephenson, I > . cember 29, 1853; Rufus Hardy, April 16, 1867 ; Horace Cudworth, January 13,1870; Frank I!. Patch, January 27, 1874; Samuel H. Partridge, April 15, 1884; Warren Lewis, June 12, 1884. Post-Office at South Greenfield.— This office was opened May 28, 1878, and John R. Russell ap- pointed postmaster, who continues to hold the ap- pointment. i laptain Joseph Reynolds, of this town, carried the mails several \ ears, on the Count} road, from Green- field to Amherst, on horseback, over Lyndeborough Mountain. After a few years the forest road was built, and we then had a mail every other day from Boston, by way of stage-coach. At present it is carried by the Boston and Lowell Railroad. Physicians. I >r. Samuel Fitch came to Greenfield in 1800. He was horn in Acton, Mass., and studied medicine with Dr. Wyeth, of Sherborn, Mass. He married Miss Eunice Perry, of that place. He prac tieed medicine in Greenfield until age and feeble GREENFIELD. health compelled him to retire to a more quiet life. He died November I, 1857. About tliis period doctors used i" visit their patients on horseback, carrying their lancet, calomel, ipecac and rhubarb in their saddle-bags, and in cases of typhoid fever they often left medicine for four successive days, vigorously forbidding the use of water. When they were called out in the night they carried a tin lantern with a tallow candle in it In guide them through tlie forests, over corduroy bridges ami through Dr. John Ramsey was a native of town ami one of the pioneers of the practice <>f medicine, lie gradu- ated from the Medical Department of Dartmouth Col- lege in 1816. He died July 10, 1864, aged seventy- five years Dr. Ramsey was extensively known as a good practitioner of medicine, asa man of g I judg- ment ami sound common sense, lie had seen nearly lift) y f mi- of practice, and it can he said to his credit that he never grew rusty in his profession. He was the oldest physician in this section of the country, and had hen extensively called in consultation with his professional brethren. It was always a pleasure to meet him ; he was true, reliable ami cheerful, a man of honor and integrity. He was everywhere highly respected by his medical brethren. He was ever fear- ful of the powerful and dangerous effects of tnedii ine on the human system. Tin' subject of this notice pursued the even tenor id' his way in his own town for nearly half a century, without the people being aware of the great blessing and comfort he was to the community or, perhaps, rightly appreciating his true character. His memory will long he cherished by many a grateful patient, as well as by all his medical brethren. Dr. James S. Burtt was horn in Andover, .Mass., 1791. He studied medicine with Dr. Luther Smith, of Hillsborough Bridge. He attended a course of medical lectures in Vermont. In 1842 he became a resident iii the northwest part of the town and prac- ticed his profession for several years. He died in 1873, aged eighty-two years. Dr. Isaac N. Danforth was born in 1835, at Barnard, N. Y. He is the son of Hon. Albert H. Danforth, who was a member of the New Hampshire Legisla- ture and a prominent man of that State. He was ed- ucated ai the common schools of that New England town. At the age of twenty-three he entered the of- fice of Dr. Samuel 1'. Danforth, his uncle, making such rapid progress in his studies that he shortly en- tered the .Medical Department, of Dartmouth College, and graduated from that institution three years later. He was, soon after graduation, elected resident physi- cian of the Hartford Retreat for the Insane. On ac- count of his health, he resigned this position and removed to Greenfield, N. H., where he practiced his profession for four years. In 1866 he remo\ ed to Chi- cago. His public and private life are alike an honor to his name and his profession. He married, in 1868, Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. John Skelton,a well- known Methodist clergyman of Chicago lor mam years. Dr. Danforth was succeeded, for a short time, by Dr. Williard D. Chase, of Claremont, N. II .. who is now located at Peterborough, and highly respected by the medical profession. Samuel H. Partridge was the only resident physi cian of the town from 1869, until his death, in 1884. He was an amiable man and an amiable physician. Dr. Nathaniel F. Cheever, our present physician, came from the practice of his profession in Na-lma, N. II. , the 1st of June, 1884. Dr. Cheever studied for his profession at the Universities of Michigan and Vermont, and the ( 'ollcge of Physicians and Surgeons in Baltimore, Md. He bought the place known as the " ( >ld Parsonage," and settled down to the enjoy- ment of domestic life with the only daughter of W. T. Spear, of Nashua. The hi is salubrious and in\ igorating, and the water pure I generally sufficient. The inhabitants are usually quite healthy, many of them having lived to an advanced age. The town does not afford a competent support for onephysician without his earnings beingsupplemented by practice in adjoining towns. Lawyers. — General James Miller was the first lawyei established in Greenfield. He married Pattj Ferguson, and resided in the house now owned and occupied by Zebediah Peavey from 1804 until 1808. His infant son James died there July 28, 1804; also his wife, May 12, 1805, in the twenty-third year of her age. General Miller's office was on MainStreet, uearlj opposite the hotel. He represented the town in tin- Legislature iD 1807. "It was doubtless owing to the circumstance of bis having learned the manual exer- cise while yet a school-boy that he became a genera] rather than a politician or a man of letters." Early in the nineteenth century he was chosen captain of the Hancock Artillery, and in 1808 he re ceived a major's commission in the United States army, it being the highest commission at that time issued to any one in the State of New Hampshire. He was born in Peterborough, N. H., April 25, 177b, and died in Temple, N. H., July 7, 1851. Hon. Alson B. Abbott was born in Greenfield, N. 11., on the 3rd of No\ ember. 1S44. He was the son of William and Sarah .1. Abbott, of that place, both of whom are now deceased. In childhood he removed to Andover. Mass., where he pursued his preparatory course and was fitted for college. During hi- student life, moved by the same patriotic impulses that aui mali d so many hundred youthful spirits a 1 the Ninth when the tocsin of rebellion rent with rude blast the sky of our nation's safety, he enlisted and served his time in the Fifth Massachusetts Infantry, seeing active service at various places, including Fort Mi Henry, Federal Hill, Monocacy Junction and Har- per's Ferry. In 1866, shortlj after graduating at 340 BISTORT OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE Dartmouth with honors, he \v:is chosen principal of the Warrensburg Academy, and the following year, a vacancy having occurred in the academy at (liens Fulls, he was selected tn take charge of it as principal. In this relation he continued for five years, serving with great acceptance and satisfaction to the patrons of the school. The academy was never mure pros- perous and flourishing than it was during this entire period. He received from bis alma mater the degrei of Master of Arts m [869, and while teaching, having at the same time pursued the study of law, be was ail mitted to the bar in 1872. In 1873 he was married to Sarah, oldest daughter of the late James Morgan. In 1874 In- traveled through the Southern States, and the following year made the tour of continental Europe and the English isles. Sunn alter his return from abroad hi> superior administrative abilities as "a man of affairs" came to a gradual recognition by an appreciative public by his being chosen, in 1878, a directoi in the First National Bank of Glens Falls, and a director in the Glens Falls Insurance Company, both of which positions be lias continued to hold to the present time (1885). The ensuing fall he was elected to the New York Assembly, where he was dis- tinguished not only by his readiness in debate and bis attention to his duties, hut also by his courteous, affable demeanor. The following season lie was elected an elder in the Presbyterian Church. .Mr. Abbott is yet in tin- early prime of an active man- hood, and his tine intellectual training, hi- scholarl) attainments ami superior culture, his aptitude at 1ms- iness affairs, and gentlemanly address give promise of a future replete with usefulness, ami an old age hon nnd ami respected. Ezra Prescott, Esq., read law with Hon. Titus Brown, of Francestown, ami commenced practice in that town, when, in 1824, he removed in Greenfield, and occupied the same office that General Miller did. Iii L828 he was elected register of deeds for Hills- borough County, ami removed to \ mherst in the fall of that year. The following are some of the persons born in Greenfield or have spent their earlj lives there who have graduated at different colleges; Moses < trdway. Rev. John l> iklee, Joshua Holt, Jr., Francis W. Cragin, Rev. Amzi Jones, Rev. R. C. Stanley, David B. Ramsey, Alson B. Abbott, Charles 1). Fitch. Among others who have studied professions may be mentioned Jacob Holt, M.D., Philadelphia; William II. Ramsey, comptroller of currency in Wisconsin eight war-; Amon Robinson, a g I historian, now in New York; Francis W. Cragin, M.l>., Norwood, Mass.; Francis 1'. Fitch. George W. Putnam keep- a livery stable. Forest and Other Roads.- As Greenfield is on the direct line of travel from the north portion of this State and Vermont, it was felt absolutely necessary to have a road built from Hancock, through Greenfield, to I j udeb igh, suitable for travel with heavily-loaded teams, likewise for a regular line of stage-coaches. After a long struggle between enthusiastic ellort and determined opposition, in 1881 a road was laid to complete a direct connection between ( lharlestown and Nashua. several hundred dollars were expended ill leveling hills, which rendered the numerous teamsters jubi- lant ovei the improvements on their route. William Whittemore and Xehediah 1'eavey purchased the first stagi coach. It was built by Abbott & Downing, of t 'uncord, N. II. Michael A. Whittemore went to Concord with a pair of horses, which he attached to the new vehicle ami drove to Greenfield, and entered the village during a heavy shower. Thi next day a team was improvised, and the owners, with other gratified townsmen, took a ride to Hancock, and returned in the most exultant mood. When on its first regular trip, it> driver, Noah L. Jackson, cracked his whip and drove up to the tavern on an airj gal lop, where it was received with enthusiastic cheers by the villagers and many other inhabitants, who were standing ill the street to wit Hess the important event. The upper end of the route was owned bj Morrison & Jackson, and the lower end by Dean <& Tarbell. In L837, C..I I Hiram T. Morrill bought Tarbell's interest in three teams from .Nashua to Hancock, the company being Morrill & Dean. In about two years Dean sold his interest to Hall, and the firm was changed to Morrill .\- Hall. Colonel Morrill drove the stage-roach twelve years in succession, and owned an interest in staging until about the time of the completion of the railroad to Greenfield, in I >74 The various other roads in town are in a respectable condition. Mom v for keeping them in repair is raised bj a highway tax, and road surveyors are appointed in each highway district, who allow the inhabitant.-, to work out their taxes under their supervision. January 1. 1874, the railroad was opened for travel from Wilton to Greenfield, and a long train of cars brought some twelve hundred stockholders and others, who entered the r:i rs along the line, and likewise many individuals from Boston, who were en- tertained in the town hall with a free dinner. Peterborough Railroad from Fast Wilton, through Lyndeborough to Greenfield, eleven miles, is operated In the Boston ami Low ell Railroad. There is a telegraph connection from Boston and Keene, and telephone from Francestown. Large quantities of soap-stone from the quarry then are shipped from our depot. As a point for shipping freight on the Boston and Lowell road, Greenfield i> of considerable importance. Stores and Traders.— The first trader in town was Ambrose I rould ; he came previous to 1802. The store he occupied is now used as a dwelling-house on the corner of Main Street and Slip road. A few years later Joseph Bachelder opened a store in the south GREENFIELD 341 part of the town, on the farm now known as the [saac Foster place. In 1816, Butler* Patterson traded in the west end of Mr. Samuel Gould's building, Mr. Gould .occupying the east end as a harness-shop. Whittemore Brothers traded in the Long Block and didan extensive business. They were followed by Peavey & Gould. In 1826, Carkin & Cragin opened a store in the ell partofa large building situated on the site of the present hotel. The main building was destroyed by fire, I, ut the ell was saved and the goods returned in aged condition. Subsequently, a hotel was mi thesite of the burn* building. Amasa Farrier kepta store from 1832 to 183 was followed by Grant & Dane, William Duncklee & Jones, II. II. Duncklee, Rufus An G. P. Fletcher and L. P. Wilson. At an early date Mark Bailey buil! the sti occupied by Patch & Leu is. He was succeeded b\ Robert Bradford, Eardy, Horace Cudworth, C. II. Hopkins, Brat ,|a„ cted In 1873, C building on II. II. ■ar Main imodious Street. The upper pari contains t tenements. The first floor is occupied by the owner, who is an extensive dealer in flour and grain, as well as most other articles usually tun ml in a country store. ( '. F. & < r. S. Peavey are extensive dealers in cattle, sheep and meal. They semi their meat to Manchester, Nashua," Lowell and Boston markets, rheii slaughter- ing establishment is fitted up with modern con- veniences and labor-saving devices. Brooks & Spaulding are the only blacksmiths in town. They are skillful workmen, and give strict at- tention to their business. George D. Pollard is a builder, and also celebrated for his judgment and success in moving buildings. LE Hopkins, D. W. Burnham and George !•' Russell are experienced carpenters. Earle Searle, formerly a blacksmith and tinman, is now a manufacturer of w len measures, w hose excel- lence is not surpassed by any other workman. Taverns. Tra.liii.iii says thai oi f the earliest taverns was kept by John Savage, his house being finelj located on the brow of a hill about three miles from the cent re of I he tow u, on the < lounty road i hat lea. Is over Lyndeborough Mountain. We find recorded the name oi Samuel Weeks, licensed to keep tavern in I7ii4. In 1824, John ( 'arkin opened a tavern in the< lentre village. Among his successors have been Elbridge Manly. Mark Bailey, Horace Whittemore, S. S. Ten- ney, William II. Gowing, Luther Gray, Geo. J. Whittemore, II. II. Duncklee and John I). Emerson. In 1881 the hotel formerlj owned bj H. II. hum k lee was purchased by J. D. Emerson, and thoroughlj remodeled inside and out. He introduced .lorn conveniences into his pleasant apartments, which are appreciated by his numerous guests, particularly by his summer hoarders from the cities. Mr. Emerson is a popular conductor on the railroad from Greenfield io Boston. The Records. The records of the town are written in a hold and legible hand, and are generally well iite an. I accurate. I lie Sabbat library . There is also a small town. Many newspapers are ta it of ratable polls in and seventy six. of the town in 1884 dial The tax-payers in I7M were Captain John Abbott, Major Abie! Abbott, Captain John Holt, William Blunt, Abijah Clark. Joseph Batchelder, Joshua Holt. In 1790 the following additional names are found: Timothy Holt, Joseph Severance, John Fletcher, Nathan Lovejoy, Daniel Holt, Isaac Foster. Oak Park Association. At the first meeting of this association, April 22, 1875, the following officers were chosen: President, D. II. Goodell, Antrim; Secretary, Joseph Farnum, Peterborough ; Treasurer, David Starret, Greenfield. Executive C mittee : Greenfield, John Fletcher, Albert II. Hopkins,! leorge S. Peavey, Leonard Bailey and Benjamin Hardy; Lyndeborough, Luther ('ram, Andrew Holt, David I'litiiain, ti.'oi'Li, Spaulding and John Richardson; Hancock, Orland Eaton, W. A. Washburn, A. I".. Stone, J. S. Spaulding, ( '. P. Bugbee; Francestown, H. A". Simpson, Henry Richardson, William II. Farnum, George A. Duncklee, John Morse; Ben- nington, John F. Hodge, W. D.Woods, John ( '. Dodge, Hartwell Lakin, Heber Presby; Antrim. D. H. Goodell, George L Cochran, Morris Christie. Eben Bass, John M. Duncan; Peterborough, George II. Longley, S. I. Vose, E. W. Mcintosh, John Q. Adams and ( lharles Wilder. The first fair was held September 16 and 17, 1875. As a soeial gathering it is greatly enjoyed by both young and old, and the exhibits of farming imple- ments and other results of scientific research, utiliz- ing the hit. an forces of nature to lessen manual labor, serves to awaken the dormant energies of many a son and daughter of toil. All the towns and cities of I lillshor.iugh County, and the towns of Jaffrey, Dublin, Harrisville and Stoddard, in Cheshire County, are comprised within the limits of this association. The grounds are finely located, easj of ai cess and within three-fourths of a mile of the depot of tie- 342 HISTORY OF HILLSIiOROrcH COrXTY, XF.W HAMPSHIRE. Nashua and Lowell and the Manchester and Keene Railroads. The track of the Manchestei and Keene Railroad runs within twenty rods of the grand entrance gate to the grounds, and passengers are left and taken on at that point. Temperance Work. — The Hillsborough Count) Convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union met in the Congregational Church, December 28,1881. \t the close of the afternoon session a union was formed under the auspices of Mrs. Charles Rich- ardson, lit' Amherst, N. II., president of the count) society. The names of the first officers were Mrs. S. EL Partridge, president; Mrs. Charles I'. Peavey, Mrs. Charles II. Hopkins, Mrs. Henry Unit ami Mrs. Levi Unit, vice-presidents ; Mrs. Sarah M. Pol- lard, secretary; Mrs. Henry Unit, treasurer. These, with a membership of thirty, have been actively en- gaged in temperance work until the present time, L885. Motto, — "Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit." The following petition has been presented to the selectmen, asking for the enforcement of the law: '•III l.lialf "I tin- .-tire. 'is .ili.l In-mlii'l- ..I 111.' W. >ni. Hi > Clm-rim i nun. we i.-jii', Hull', i. 'I'l.'.i ni Mi.,! u. i;m -ml r ,:i -.hi- t"i I'.'li. vitii rli.it inhiM. arm- !i.[ii"r. are lial.itnally sold inoiu \iM'-'. in notation of Lev. and to the detriment "t the place and g i irder ol oui community w e t] ■ 1 1 ■ i ._■ bodj thai yii w tl -U. h . .1-.' lll.nl.' .Itl'l [UV.Viili'll illv but urgt ii .hi.- shall I- i Bi i f: illj Buppn ssed, sofai ;i- 3 III' MHI^Ih TI..1I f'VT.'Ll.k r citizens ivc the sii).|. ii 1 .1 ml .i|. Greenfield, ami to the many ami generous replies received George S. Peavey responded as follow-: " fJreentrelii rem. mtiers tier al.serit sons ami daughters, especially her .liMiii-in-li.'.l nne- sli.- 1. .-.iili.ii |.r,,-|..'i n\ si„. i s e ver proud to meet them, and gladl] d i-w ri so m to-nighl . and remem< t.ering those who are sHj.arar...l terest they ►till feel mtli rmi.'M- rli.-refore, R>* give expression to our g .lent.- anil friends of i.n also tn those who hare t ate! unit, rial aid." by many an intei vening mill Bomt ' b ...- m-t -in. of th.' iti- . 1 ityof its reltgious insti- 11- ..t i.i.'.'titielil present, >v a \.'t.' of thanks I., all former resi- 1. -, in 1 i lie ii |'t. -. ii. ■■ ami aid. and I \ 1. tl. t w illi ( '\|.r.-si..i»- "l -* in|..itliy The evening passed pleasantly, ami the result was very gratifying. Greenfield Grange was organized by C. C. Shaw, secretary of State Grange, March 14. 1 >-7 1. with the following officers: Master, John Fletcher; Overseer, David Starrett; Lecturer, Samuel G. Hartshorn: Steward, Willis D. Hardy; Assistant Steward, George I). Pollard; Chaplain, Alfred N. Hardy; Secretary, Sidney II. Hardy; Gate-Keeper, Nahum Russell; Treasurer, Alfred W. Savage; Ceres, Mrs. John Fletcher; Pomona, -Mr-. Taylor P. Lakin; Flora, Mrs. Willis D. Hardy; Lady Assistant Steward, Mrs. Samuel G. I lartshorn. Through the influence of this grange agriculture has received a new impulse, ami much practical knowledge lias been diffused. The most formidable impediment to successful farming consists in the deterioration of the pas tun lands, which do not afford feed for more than one- third of tin' number of cattle that they did fifty years ago. Milk i- -old tor the city markets and lor th. Wilton Creamery, and the town grange, with neighboring granges, is agitating I he -ubject of more creameries. Organ Festival.— A meeting was called, ami an association formed, and arrangements were made for a grand organ festival, to he held February 22, 1871. I In committee of correspondence sent out over a hundred letters of invitation to former residents of CHA PTEE V. GREENFIELD (Continued). BIOGRAPHICAL. M vim; Amos Whittemore settled in townas early as 1771. He was born in 174(1 anddied in 1827. lie was a soldier of the Revolution and was with Wash- ington when a battle was fought at White Plains, when New York was in posse-— ion of the British and the Americans were obliged to retreat. William Whittemore, Esq., son of Major Amos, was born in 1781 ami died in 1876. He was a native and almost a lifelong resident of Greenfield. He held many trusts in the gift of the county and repre- sented the town in the Legislature for sixteen con- secutive sessions. He was one of the original mem- bers of the Bunker Hill Monument Association. His remembrance dated back to the time when Green- field was almost a wilderness, two houses comprising all that the town then contained. Oneof the first settlers in town was Simeon Fletcher. He was born in Chelmsford, Mass.. May 2, 1722. He married Mary Davis. Deeds say that he owned a farm in Chelmsford in 1744, which he sold. Then he removed to the prov- it New Hampshire (a lew years later), and took up some five hundred acres of land in whal is now known as the southeast part of Greenfield, built a bouse and there founded a life-long residence. Five generations of Fletchers have lived there, and four were born there. A daughter, born -noli alter they came here, was the fust white female born in town. He hail two neighbors, who settled north of him, one on a hill near Crotched Mountain. He was a man of philan- thropic heart, for when roads were unknown he would elevate a pine torch-light at night as a token that all was well with him, and receive a similar signal if all was well with his neighbors. He was the first man in town that ever cut hay enough to winter a cow. Simeon ami Mary had seven children, — Persis, married a Beasom ; Annie, married an Ordway ; and GREENFIELD. Mary, a Balch; John and Olive died at the old home- stead; Philip married Mary Barper, and tilled the ancestral acres. He was a brave man. for he took under his own roof his father, mother and mother-in-law. He had twelve children; one lived to be nearly ninety- nine. He always had a bed for the poor who might be strolling over the hill in those days. One morn- ing, as he was going through the w Is to his brother Simeon's, unarmed, he met a bear, which stopped and looked at him. but when he raised his voice and brandished his walking-stick Bruin made a hasty retreat into the wilderness, and the courageous man went on his way undauntedly. When one of his neighbors was bodilj injured, and liable to die before a physician could be procured, he hastily constructeda stretcher, and, witli a few others, carried him to Milford, by marked trees, to receive medical aid. He and his brother Simeon were in the Revolution- ary War. ami at West Point they were on guard the night that General Arnold attempted to surrender the fortress to the British. After his return home we find the following receipt, now extant : i i i i i bi Office, New Hampshire, January 19, 1790. "Receivedof iti Philip Fletcher Thirty-seven pounds,sis shillings, in part of State Certificate las ; of Fifty Founds, eleven -hillings, in part of Continental Facility Tax. of Lyudeborough for the yeai 1788 ■• w m. G iki.m b, Treasure) ' Philip died at the age of seventy-two. Simeon married Mary Huston, ami lived to sec all of his children laid in their graves. He died at the age of eighty-tour. Philip, .Jr., lived at the old homestead with his father; he raised hops for sixty years, and sold them in Boston. For seventy-one consecutive years hi; never failed to assist in getting hay from his meadow. From pine-trees that grew near this meadow he and his brother-in-law, Gates Perry, made shingles, and carried them to Boston with an ox-team to buy groce- ries to l.e used at the ordination of the minister. Rev. John Walker. He carried the first load of soap-stone from Francestown quarry to Boston with an ox-team, and made more journeys to Boston with oxen than all the other men in town. Of the fourth generation now living in town air Deacon John, Gilman P. and Franklin ( '. Deacon John attended Hancock and Francestown Academies. lie has taught school in Now Hampshire, Massachu- setts and Kentucky. For a decade of years he has served as Sunday-school committee in this town. He still owns a part of the original land bought by Simeon more than one hundred and thirty years ago. Gilman I', has been a trader here for man;) years. Franklin C. is an enterprising farmer. 'file children of Deacon John, who are the fifth gen- eration, were horn on the original homestead, and, doubtless, received inspiration from the grand and romantic scenery with which nature has surrounded their ancestral home. lln- sacred homes ead has been the birth-place ( f thir J Fletchers, t venty ol whom have died there. Thus we find the Fl< tchei id! utified wit] < rreen- field since the hist whi e mai made his hon i on hei Ramsey Ancestry. Captain Hugh Ramsey, oi Scotch-Irish descent, from the north of Ireland, part own. a- and captain of a sailing-vessel, sailed into !'>'»- ton Harbor eight or nine times between the years 1718 and 1725, bringing main of his relatives bearing the name of Ramsey, who emigrated to this country i 'der to escape the religious intolerance of the Es- tablished < 'hlirch. They sought homes in different Stales.— in Penn- sylvania, South Carolina, Georgia, New York and Now Hampshire. Many settled in Londonderry, N. II.. from which place Captain John Ramsey, with his nephew. James Ramsey, Jr.. came to S i\ Land (now Greenfield) in 1771. and bought adjoining farms about three miles west of the present site of the village, where they lived and died. From these two were descended all the Ramseys of Greenfield. Captain John's children were William (father of John Ramsey, M.D.), Lieutenant John, Samuel, Ebenezer, Marj (Mrs. Boyd, of Francestown), Margaret (Mrs. David Parker, of Antrim), Anne (Mis. John Mokecn, of Deering) and .Fine, a droll and sarcastic spinster, stories of whose eccentricities have enlivened many all hour for the present gener- ation, while walls echoed ami re-echoed 1 e re- peals of laughter at the rehearsal of her quaint jokes and witticisms. ( 'aptaiu John's wife issaid to have been a strict ob- server of the Sabbath, and whenever the children manifested undue levity during sailed hours she was accustomed to remonstrate with them in the follow- ing original and forceful words: " You'll he sweet nuts for the de'il, come cracking time;" the mere mention of which undesirable fate doubtless pro- duced the desired effect of repressing their childish mirth, and restoring the solemn silence regarded b) the ancient Puritans as necessary to the contempla- tion of themes naturallj suggest., I by holy time. James Ramsey, Jr., had several brothers and sis- ters, viz. ; Hugh, of llolderness, X. II. ; William, of St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; Matthew, of Ruinney, N. II.; Robert, of the State of Maine ; John, who died un- married in Deny; Mrs. Steele, of Walpole, N. IF: Mrs. Martha Boyce, of Now York: and Mrs. McGlo then, of Walpole, X. II. The children of James Ramsey, Jr., and Mary Nesniith, his wife, were David, who married Hannah Marshall ; John, who married Margaret Si. ele, of An- trim ; James, who married Nancj Tennej : Elizabeth B., who married Thomas Holmes; Margaret, who died at twenty-six, unmarried; Mary Nesmith, who married Ebenezer Hopkins, of Francestown. John M. Ramsey, "I Grand Rapids, Mich., horn November HISTORX OF FIII.I.SI'.OKorciI ('(tl'NTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE 27, 1809, and David Ramsey, born December 27, 1*11. and the only remaining resident of Greenfield of the name nf Ramsey, arc tlif only surviving children of David, son of James Ramsey, Jr., the other seven having " passed ever theriver" at a comparatively early age. Abbott Biography. — William Abbott and his wife, Hannah Bailey, came to Greenfield from Andover, Mass., about the year 1801, and settled near the base of Peterborough Mountain. In this secluded but ro- mantic spot, partly inclosed by forests, while a gentle slope stretched away into meadow-land toward the south, the) saw seven of their thirteen childn a grow up t aiiliood and w anh 1, content with the simple pleasures afforded by the surroundings of their rural home and adorned with those Christian graces which are the fruit of early Christian training. Reared thus amid God's great pictures, so lull of beaut) and inspiration, and in air melodious with the sweet, liquid notes of the nightingale and the rap- turous songs of ecstasy the bobolink pours forth from his little throat in spring, it is no wonder they earl) manifested a remarkable loudness tor music, and that Mime of them developed a rare musical ability, well appreciated both in their native town and in [daces where the; subsequently lived. And no wonder they have since so often revisited this enchanting place with enthusiastic delight, and lingered with reluctant feet Upon the threshold where a thousand joyous men lories of earlier \ cars made dearer than ever the " home, sweet home," on the rugged mountain-side. (Sec Abbott history.) Deacon Joshua Holt, of Lndover, Mass., had six sons and five daughters, each of whom was baptized in ile Orthodox Church the hist Sabbath alter his or her birth. Previous to 1780 he purchased a tract of wild land in what was then called Lyndeborough Gore, and subsequently Peterborough Slip, and after- wards incorporated into Greenfield. For the entire trad he paid a pair of oxen. His son -Rev. Peter Holt, settled in Bpping, and his son, Deacon Solomon remained with him as home son Hi- other sons Deacon Joshua, Deacon John, Deacon Timothy and Deacon Stephen settled on the above-mentioned land, and became industrious, entei prising and successful fanners. They were pillars in the church, and held various town offices, and were prominent in carrying out ever) enterprise com ted with the welfare of the town. The) were liberal in the support of religious, mili- tary and educational institutions, and so educated their families for the various duties of life that many of them have occupied positions of trust in almost every State in the Union. Man) of them became prominent instructors, and their influence still re- mains, for the town has always furnished a large pro- portion of teachers. All the brothers spent their lives and died on their farms. The daughters, — .Mary, married Isaac Foster; Phebe, married Deacon Joseph Batehelder ; < 'bloc, married Captain Francis Bowers; Hannah, married Captain Ephraim Holt, all of Greenfield; Bethia married Deacon Daniel Kimball, of Hancock, Their father always evinced a generous interest in the temporal, as well as the religious, welfare of the settlement. He gave the church its lirst communion service. In 1793, Ephraim Holt, of Andover, .Mass., 1 ght a lol of wild land in the southwest comer of Greenfield. His first crop was a large yield of rye, which he car- ried to Salem, Mass., with an ox-team, and sold for silver money, which he brought home in a stocking, and which amounted to enough to pay for his land. He was a successful farmer, a military captain and a justice of the peace. He held various offices of trust, represented the town in the Legislature and was one of the selectmen seventeen years in succes- sion. He had seven children. Himself and wife and all his children now repose in the same lot in lie , tery near the church. In 1789, Major Peter Peavey, of Wilton, N.H., pur- chased a lot of wild land near the base of South Mountain, in < Greenfield. He built a log house about eighteen feel square, with a huge stone chimney reaching jusl above the chamber-fl ', and from there it was topped out with sticks plastered with cla) on the outside and inside. In one of its three windows, about a fool Square, was a rude lattice covered with oiled paper; the others, in- stead of glass, had boards, which were removed when light was needed. The crevices between the logs were filled with moss. The door was wide enough to ad- mit a hand-sled loaded with logs to till the yawning fire-place. He moved his effects on an ox-team, and hi- wile rode on horseback with a pair of large saddle- bags, a bundle strapped to the rear of the saddle, a tin lantern dangling IV the saddle-horn and baby Peter, Jr., in her lap. Her horse walked faster than the oxen, and when she reached the last house she lighted the , audi, in her lantern, entered the forest and pursued her roadless way, guided by blazed trees, and arrived at their house before her husband, and kindled the lirst fire in their new home. Subsequently, his brother Thomas purchased an ad- joining lot, and both brothers carved fertile farm-out of the primitive forests, reared large families and occupied a from rank among the sturdy settlers of the town. Zebediah, son of Captain Thomas Peavey, on,' of the early settlers of ( ; recti lield. was born in the south- east part of the town in 1795, ami is the oldest person now living there. He was liberally endowed with common sense ami a discriminating judgment. He was enterprising, honest, industrious and per- severing. His occupation- were tanning and deal- ing in cattle and sheep, which he successfully followed, lie was early chosen captain of a military company, j3f&fr-^--, ,,. , ii,, Hardy l-Is -chati... ia.1,.,,,1-.,,,, p,.„, ,...,,..;' | ' 11..I, B irdson, Peter Peavi I braim IF, It '"" H " Ml-ti, . I..... I. >t M .h. ,,-„„, I, «,s Richardson. 1851.— Hermon Abbott, Jacob Stephenson, Lewis Richardson. IS5 2.— Lewis Ri.hat.ls,, ii, IFiiii,,,, \u„,tt. Ephraim Holt. ■ /• I- .huh P. -.,,.. i, \ „ Marsh. 1854 Lewis Richardson, Zebediah Peavey, Imos M . . - 1 , 1855 —Henrj 11. Duncklee, William I.. Savage, .l,,i u , Fht. h.u 1856.- H.-nry 11. Duncklee, William L.Savagi I 1857.— William L. Savage, James Sawyer, Horace Cudworth Sawyer, F, wis Ri, hardson, Hiram Haul, I-.. 1 ., A. -s.iui.u Nil. on H.u L, F|. In, im IF.lt 1861. 1862.— John i IF,. , M. K.o irdy. >, milium P II. ... I,,,, Fufus Hard}. P 1 letcher, Rufus Hardy, John B Favoi 1864.— Hufus Hardy, George S. Peavey, John II. Reynolds orgi S. Pi ivey, John 11 Reynolds, Lewis Richardson 1866.. -John H. Reynolds, F.-wi- Rtchai ,l-.,n, Henry Holt. 1SI.7.— .F.hli Flet. ll. I. Alltel W Savage, NallUlll Russell. | « Savagl S .Lulu Russell. John R. Russell. 1869 -Alfred w Savage, John R. Russell, Franklin C. Fletcher 1870. — lohn R. Russell, Franklin C. Fletcher, Henry Holt. 1871.— Franklin C. Fletcher, Henry lF.lt. James Sawyei 1872.— Henry Holt, Frank Brooks, Alberts Hopkins 1873.— Frank Brooks, Albert 11. Hopkins, Sidney II Haul} 1874.— Albert IF Hopkins. Sidney II Hard}, .lohn R. Russell. In, J IF Hardy. John R. Rn-.ll, William I - 1876.— Henrj 11 Duncklee, Franklin C. Fletcher, Charles H. 1877.— Henry H. Him. klee, Franklin t.\ Fletcher, Charles H />"> W . 1838 I". Gregg 1-1 02 John i: ... I- . ■ I ll.il.lv 1- ... . inn H. Fi fred W Savage i»;i 72, . ■ ... i; i.- .-■ ;: Henrj i |... klee . 1877 |. -■ 1880, i.i- nli. 1. classed s iih 1'.. mi.i.i.i i, !--_■ B3, Charle II. Hopkins; 1- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. .liilIX RAMSEY, M.D. Dr. John Ramsey was born in Greenfield, N. II., November 24, 1784. He was tin- son of William and Jemima (Smith) Ramsey, ami grandson of John Ram- sey, an Irish (.•migrant to Londonderry, N. II., in the early days of that historic colony. Dr. Ramsey's father was a typical Now England farmer, and during the years of his minority Dr. Ram- sey's time was spent alternately laboring on his father's farm or attending school, and the vigorous out-door exercise thus obtained laid the foundation for a rugged and strong constitution, which served him well in the arduous labors of his after-life as a country phy- sician, with an extensive practice, when the rigors of New England winters made the long and cheer- less night-drives over rough and lonely roads anything but an easy task. His education was obtained at Londonderry Acad- emy, and, being a close student, with an apt and re- tentive memory, ho became quite a proficient scholar. II.- studied medicine with Dr. James Crombie, of Temple, an eminent physician of his day. and after- wards pursued a course of study at Hanover .Medi- cal College, from which institution lie graduated. He began the practice of his professional Mo'nl Ver- non, N. H., where ho continued about three years, when he removed to Greenfield, X. II., in November, 181.8, and established a practice which continued through the remaining active years of his life, and the extent of which was only limited by his capacity to attend to it. For a period of forty-seven years he was almost constantly at the bedside of the sick. He was famous as a healer of disease, success at- tending his efforts, perhaps, more largelj than i- usual with the profession. His fame extended to the surrounding towns and his services were in constant 23 demand. Me was a man of very kindly heart, whose presence in the sick-room brought sunshine and cheerfulness. That be was generous to a fault many of those still living, who were recipients of his kind- ness, can testify. Notwithstanding his extensive practice as a physi- cian, Dr. Ramsey still found time lor the exercise of other duties of citizenship. He was selectman of the town of Greenfield many years, and was town clerk during more than half the many years he was resi- dent, there. He also did a great deal of probate business. He was a director of the Peterborough National Lank several years, and was a member of the New Hampshire State Medical Society. In religious belief be was a Congicgal ionalist, and a stanch Republican in politics. I le was an ardent temperance man and an earnest advocate of whatever tended to the good of his fellow-man. He married Ophelia Davis, of Westford, Mass., November, 1818. They have three children, all of whom are living,— John Milton, now residing in Pe- terborough; Mary Davis, now Mrs. Dr. Leonard French, of Manchester; and William Henry, now- residing in Grand Rapids, Mich. Mrs. liamsey died June 20, 1828, and Dr. Ramsey married, as his second wife, Janet, daughter of Thomas and Ann (Moore) Steele, of Peterborough, N. H., Oc- tober 1, 1829. By this marriage there is.no living is- sue. Dr. Ramsey died July 10, 1804. .Mrs. Ramsey still survives and resides in Peterborough, N. H. REV. SAMUEL HUDSON PARTRIDfJE, M.D. Rev. S. II. Partridge, M. D., was born at Dalton, N. H., October 15, 1827. He was the son of Lewis and Betsey (Fay) Partridge. He was brought up as a farmer's son, and fitted for college at Francestown Academy, but failing health prevented his entering college, and for a time he applied himself to study and teaching. Having an inclination for the ministry, he studied theology with Rev. Dr. Barstow, of Keene, N. H., and was licensed to preach by the Monadnock Association August 13, 1850. After preachings year and a half at Sebec, Me., he located at Hillsborough Center, N. II., where he was ordained May 10, 1853, at the same time uniting with the Union Associa- tion, of which he was a very valuable, and, at the time of his decease, the oldest, member. He labored as pastor at Hillsborough Center nearly five years, when he removed to Lebanon, Me., at which place he was acting pastor of the church .mo year. In July, 1859, he took charge of the Congregational Church at York, Me., and hero ho spent ten active, useful and happy years of his life. But his constitution, never strong, finally gave way before the severe climate of the sea-coast, and ho was compelled to seek the in- terior to recuperate his declining health. He spent about a year in Peterborough, when, his strength in a measure returning, he assumed the care of the HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Congregational Church at Greenfield, N. 11.. and con- tinued in that pastorate until a few 'lavs prior to his decease. He had just resigned his charge when he was stricken with the illness which proved fatal. While in the active discharge of his duties as min- ister he studied medicine, and qualified himself for practice, and for a period of twenty-three years he practiced medicine, supplying the pulpit at the same time. Jle was a conscientious, earnest man, studious, intelligent and unremitting in labor, and as a physi- cian was very successful. One who knew him well says of him : " As a minister he labored arduously ami greatly to the profit of his hearers. As a physician he entered the houses of his people only to enter their hearts as well." The constant and ex- haustive labor necessarily involved in the practice of two professions simultaneously undoubtedly operated to shorten his lite. lie would often ride thirty miles on the Sabbath in attendance on the sick, and attend three services besides. It may he truly said of Dr. Partridge that his life was spent in doing good for others. He was interested, actively, in every move- ment calculated to benefit the community or elevate the mental or moral tone of the people among whom he lived. He was possessed of a high grade of intelligence, and mentally and morally was highly attuned. In the midst of the many practical duties of his more than ordinarily busy life he- found time to court the muses, and many pearls of thought has he enshrined in verse. Many of his productions have been pub- lished and some of them are of rare beauty and merit. He married, March 25, 1851, Elvira, daughter of Joel and Mary (Blakesly) Fay, a native of Dalton, N. H., but at the time of their marriage resident in Peterborough. They had three children, — Lizzie M., afterwards Mrs. Warren Lewis (she died August 23, 1884, leaving three children), Abide N. and Arlena E., the two latter unmarried. Perhaps no man who ever died in Greenfield, was more sincerely mourned by so wide a circle of friends and acquaintances than was Dr. Partridge. The spotless purity of his lite, the unselfish nature of the man, as manifested in so many ways, and the active, intelligent interest he invariably manifested in all that pertained to the welfare of his people, very naturally endeared him to those with whom he came in contact. He died May 22, 1884. A very beautiful monument marks his last resting-place in Greenfield cemetery. CHARLES 0. FITCH. Charles Darwin Fitch was bom in Greenfield, N. H., November 29, 1815. He was the son of Dr. Samuel and Eunice (Perry) Fitch, and grandson of Samuel Fitch, of Massachusetts. Dr. Samuel Fitch was born in Acton, Mass., and came to Green- field, N. H., about the beginning of the present century, where he began the practice of medicine. In this profession his life was spent, continuing in the active duties of a practitioner more than forty years. His family consisted of two sons and two daugh- ters. One of his daughters, Louisa, afterwards be- came Mrs. Jeremiah I'eavey. 1'hebe, the other daughter, died young. Francis 1'., the elder son, became an eminent physician. He practiced many years in Amherst, X. II. Then, after a iew years spent in Milford and Nashua, X. II., and Wakefield, Mass., he moved to Yineland, N. J., where he died December 24, 1874. Charles D. was the youngest of the four chil- dren. After receiving instruction at the schools of his native town, he attended the academy at New Ips- wich, and also received private instruction under the tutelage of different teachers. He entered Dartmouth College when but seventeen years of age-, and gradu- ated in the class of 1837, and the same year we find him installed as preceptor of the academy at Henui- ker, N. H. He chose teaching as his avocation, and, as an instructor of youth, met with undoubted success. He remained at Hennikcr, as teacher, two years, and soon after leaving there he went to Louisiana. In this State — chiefly at St. Francisville— he spent four years as private tutor. Returning to his native town, we next find him, in 1846, in Castleton, Vt., attending a course of lectures as a student in medi- cine. He pursued his medical studies a considerable time, but finally abandoned his intention of becoming a physician, and returned to teaching as an occupa- tion. In 1S47 he was instructor in the Amherst High School, and he taught after this, at various times, several terms in Amherst. In 1850-51 he taught the High School at South Windsor. In the latter part of 1851 he taught a select school in Green- field, and the following winter taught the common school in Center District. In 1852 he taught the High Scl 1 at Greenfield, and 1853 and 1854 he was principal of the academy at Conway, .Mass. The last session he ever taught was at Pinkerton Academy, Derry, X. H. He then purchased a home (where his widow now resides) in Greenfield, to which he permanently retired. He married, March 11, 1857, Lizzie D., daughter of Deacon Peter and Dorcas (Unit) I'eavey. Two children were the issue of this marriage, — Frances Louisa, who graduated at .Mount Holyoke Seminary, spring term, 1883, and is now en- gaged in teaching at Temple Grove Female Seminary, ai Saratoga Springs, N. Y.; and Orianna P., who is now in her third year at Mount Holyoke Seminary. Professor Fitch was superintendent of public instruction in his native town one year, and was leader of the choir in the Evangelical Church many years; and, after the union of the churches, he was leader of the choir in the Union Congregational Church to the time of his death. He was an ardent lover of music-, and an enthusiast on that subject. Though not the possessor of a powerful voice, yet his s&i&jAl cZ£I ^e^r '/ GREENFIELD. 849 hearty soulfulness gave zest to his singing and made him a successful leader. He was superintendent of the Sabbath-school many years, and continually sought to elevate the moral tone of his pupils and all those with whom he came in contact. Hewasan earnest friend of the cause of education, and a most zealous advocate of moral reforms of every kind. Toall kinds of intemperance he opposed himself aggress- ively and continually. Greenfield possessed, per- haps, no more public-spirited or self-sacrificing citi- zen. As an illustration of his deportment toward those under his charge, and its natural result upon their moral and intellectual natures, the following estimation in which he was held: "Never shall 1 forget, while memory lasts and reason has her power, the friendly and encouraging words that occasion- ally, in my intercourse with you. tell from your lips. The impressions that I received when in your soci- ety seem to give more strength to my character." Mr. Fitch died December 19, 1877. DEACON PETER PEAVEY. Deacon Peter Peavey was bom in Wilton, X. II., July 29, 1788. His lather, Peter Peavey, was a na- tive of Andovcr, Mass , and his mother, Lucy Cum- mings Peavey, of Hollis, X. H. In May, 1790, the family, following a line of marked trees, removed to a tract of unincorporated land on the northern slope of the mountain known as Pack's Monadnock. With few advantages lor acquiring an education in youth, be succeeded in fitting himself for teaching, in which occupation he excelled, especially in the management of large and difficult schools. His pupils, now old and gray-headed men, are found in this and all the surrounding towns. His patriotism and love of mar- tial music anil military display was manifest at an early age, and culminated when a call came for vol- unteers from the town in the War of 1812, he being the first to leave the ranks of the militia, then on parade, ami step forward to the post assigned for volunteers. He was followed by his brother Jacob and others. ( )n the return home, after the enlistment, when the tears and pleadings of mother ami sisters were threat- ening to damp the ardor of their patriotism, the father (better known as Major Peavey) exclaimed, "That's right boys, go! Cfiveit to //inn .' Never let them see your keels." In the autumn of 1814 he went out as a non-com- missioned officer in the company thus raised, and continued in the service till the close of the war. For such service he received a government pension during the last lew years of his life. In June. 1819, he was married to Miss 1 luivas Holt, a daughter of Deacon John Holt. They bad two sons and three daughters, 'fhe second daughter, named for the mother, died at the age of five years. The others are all living. This first union was sundered by the death id' the wife. ( (ctober i'.. 1856. April '.), 1857, lie married Tamesin Holt, a sister of ilo deceased wife. She survives him. He received the ordinance of baptism September 18, 1791, at the age of three years, Rev. Sewall < toodridge, of Lynde- borough, officiating. In September, 1812, at the age of twenty-four, lie made a public profession of re- ligion, uniting with the church in Greenfield, Rev. John Walker, pastor. At the organization of the Evangelical Church of Greenfield, January 8, 1834, he identified himself with its interests. At its organ- ization he was chosen one of its deasons, who, with an equal number of elders, chosen from the Presby- terian (dement, constituted the session. At a meet- ing of the session, held January 9th, be was elected clerk of the session and also clerk of the church, both of which offices he held until the church disbanded, in L867, to form the present Union < ongregational Church. He was leader Of the choir connected with the Evangelical Church during its entire history, a period of more than forty years. His relation to the Sabbath school was never sundered, continuing in active service as a teacher, with unusual constancy, till a few months before his death, and occasionally until three weeks previous to the injury that laid bini aside from all work. His sympathy w ith the spirit of progress that be- longs to the present generation was shown in bis last decision, left by the town, the remains of his first wife and "little Dorcas" to be removed and laid beside him. Deacon Peavey died on the evening of the ^lith of October, 1879, alter an illness of one week. During the eventful period of his life he was at different times teacher, then merchant, and later in life a farmer, in which calling he died. Of his children, Hannah, married Nelson Abbott, of Wilton, X. H.; Dorcas A., died in childhood; Lizzie D., married Charles D. Fitch, and resides in Greenfield (Mr. Fitch died December 19, 1877) ; John Peter, married Mary .1. Patch, of Greenfield, resides in Montreal, province of Quebec ; Charles, re- sides in Montreal and is unmarried. HISTORY OF HANCOCK. IIV ORLAND EATON. CHAPTER I. EANCOCK is situated in 42° 59'. and was incorpo- rated November 5, 1779, agreeably to the petition of Robert Duncan and twenty-five others. It was bounded north by Antrim, east by Contoocook River, south by Peterborough and Dublin and west by Paekersfield. January 16, 1794, that part of the estate of Joseph Putnam, of Society Land, which lay to the east of the river in Great Lot No. 9, was annexed to Hancock, and January 1, 1849, that part of the farm of John Flint which was situated in Antrim was annexed to Hancock. In 1842 Hancock Factory village (formerly Putnam's Mills I, with a few farms to the west of this village, became incorporated as a part of Bennington, Hancock Factory village being its centre. The west part of the town is quite hilly, the highest elevation in the town, Mount Ska-tu-tah-kee, two thousand feet high, being situated in this part. Miller .Mountain is also quite an elevation in its northern section, while Nahors Hill, near the north- east corner, and Norway Hill, near its centre, are considerable elevations. The town is generally agree- ably diversified with plains, hills and valleys, and since its recent tine railroad accommodations is be- coming a popular summer resort. Excellent tracts of intervale land are located on the Contoocook and its tributary streams. It is properly regarded as a good farming town. Lake Nubanusit, situated partly in Hancock and partly in Nelson, is the largest body of water in the town. Hunt's Pond, a little to the south- east of this, Half-Moon Pond, near its southern bonier, and Norway Pond, at its centre, are also line bodies of water. The first settlement in the limits of the town was begun by John Grimes, mar the shore of Half-Moon Pond, in 1764, although he returned to Peterborough to winter in 1764-65. Shortly after this, George McCloury, Moses Morrison and William Lakin settled near him, and a t't-w years later a i^w families had located near Greal Pond (now Lake Nubanusit) and elsewhere; but the breaking out of the Revolutionary War greatly retarded its settle- ment, until about the lime of its incorporation. Hancock was named in honor of Governor John 350 Hancock, of Boston, who was a large owner in Great Lot No. -1 (the centre of Hancock i at the time of its incorporation, and was the second incorporated place lo take the name of that great man, who, as president of the Continental Congress, was the first to affix his uame to our country's Declaration of Independence, Hancock, Mass., being its senior by three years. The town commenced its corporate existent') under some peculiar hardships, on account of the war and the depreciation of the Continental money. They also labored under disadvantages in having no place set apart for a centre and burying-ground, these, to- gether with a ministerial lot, being generally given to the towns previously incorporated. 1 (eacon James Bosley, of New [pswich, gave the town a place for a centre and burying-place a few years later, and the town bought a farm for its first minister of the heirs of ) rovernor Hancock. Hancock is justlj regarded as a healthy town, the only " unusual sickness" having been the dysentery scourge of 1800. Mills and Manufactures. — The streams of Han- cock as now constituted arc small and its nulls but few. During its early years these streams were more valuable, as the forests were in part remaining, and the swamps and meadows largely undrained. There was also a larger Local demand for lumber for build- ing, and more grain (especially rye) to be ground than in later years. The following abandoned mill- sites are to be found in Hancock at the present time: 1st, Solomon W Is sawmill ; -'1. Henry Prentiss' clothing-mill; 3d, Edmund Davis' sawmill ; lili. Richard Band's clothing-mill ;.5th, Jamee ' ' - . - > i .ui'i Win.l sh.ip ; ''.tli \ >.!■!, v It jMlirisMii'.s fiiniing- ""11 Theabovewei lie Davis B I, 7th, Samuel Ames, saw and grist-mill, on Fergus, .n Iir....k. Mli, TliotnasSpaiiMing's grist-mill ; oth, II. in \ Spin!. ling's grist-mill . leih. ih 1 ,.\ I , I I"- Hosloj Brook, tlth, Nicholas Lawrence, saw-mill ; 12th, Jesse ,: ' ''-' '- - "■ "'' I lth . ' * Hunt's ..ft. i « i' i- Hall ("ill. Mill. \ CI!'- ' '.n, -', : 1 'i. M.!i i Hill's rabinet-ehop [6th, 1 - .\ SynHnuTE Ban and grist-mill. Thi "\. lastbeing in It....-.' Brook. We have given the original builders' n, - t., each of these abandoned sites. The dams of two other mills spanned (he river, bill file mills themselves were in Greenfield. There were manufactories of potash at the Centre, HANCOCK. first by Andrew Seaton and later by David Low. Samuel Bullard also carried on a lively business al the Centre as a hatter for several years. The mills now located in the corporate limits of Hancock are Edward Danforth's saw-mill, on Ferguson Brook, and John NewelPs mill on Hosley Brook, which is a saw and grist-mill, and also contains a lull set ol machinery fur the manufacture of pails, also a fine shingle-mill and iron turning lathe with much other machinery, and is operated by an extra miller. The sash, door and blind-shop of the late James M. Johnson, a little to the east of the mill last named, and on the same stream. The Willey Mills, so called, on Moose Brook, now owned and operated by Rev. J. W. Coolidge ; this mill, in addition to the usual advantages of a well-appointed saw and grist-mill, enjoys the advantage of a side-track on the .Man- chester and Keene Railroad, which gives it great advantage in the matter of handling grain and Other freights, especially since this railroad has become a shipping-point. The steam tannery ot' A. ( i. Foster, in the south part of the town, is also a well-appointed establishment. Saving noted the mills and manufactures of what is now Hancock, it seems proper that we should briefly mention a section which, for threescore years, was identified with the interests and included in the limits of Hancock, first as Putnam's Mills and later as Hancock Factory, bul now the centre of the thriv- ing town of Bennington. At the time of the incorporation of Hancock, Joseph Putnam, a native of Wilton, and of the same lineage as General Putnam, was a resident ot' and a miller in Temple; but finding his water-power insufficient, he soon after began to look for a better location, and i (ctobet 1 1, 1782, purchased a lot of land at the Great Falls of the Contoocook, described in the deed as follows: " A certain lot or tract of land lying in the Royial Society, so called, viz. : in lot Number 31, in the North range, as they are laid out and marked, said lot laid out on tin' original right of Jotham Odion, Esq., of Portsmouth, deceased." This lot covered and included all the east side id' the now used water-power of Bennington village, n l i « 1 was annexed to Hancock on his petition, January IT, 17'J4. lie soon commenced a clearing here and built a house where the present hotel stands, and was here with his family early in 1783, erecting his saw and grist-mill soon alter, where the present ! stands. November Hi, 1789, he added by purchase one hundred and seven acres on the opposite side of the stream, and owned most of what is now Bennington village for years. Mr. Putnam carried on tin extensive business, both ;ts a miller and a farmer here, for over a score of \ ears. hut was unwilling to part with any of the water- power he did not himself use, as it would injure his farm, lie sold his property here to John Dustin in 1801, and removed to Alstead, and subsequent!) to Marshfield, Vt., with his son Jacob, where he died February 12, 1826. lie left a numerous and In. ed line of descendants. We are indebted to his grand- son, Judge F. D. Putnam, of Montpelier, Vt., for facts as to his residence here. Of John Dustin, tin' second owner of these mills, little is known at this writing by the writer. John D. Butler, a wealthy citizen of Bennington, is his grandson. Hancock Factor) was buill in this village, in 1810, by Amos Whittemore, Sr., Benjamin Whittemore and Paul Cragin. They, with help, cut and hewed the timber and had the frame raised in one week. Ben- jamin Whittemore was the fust agent. They manu- factured at first cotton yarn and put it out to be woven by hand, hut soon put in a lew 1 us. In 1825, Amos Whittemore, Jr., Decaine the agent, and the uext year built an addition to the first mill of thirty feel to the west, three stories high, and added some twenty-five or thirty looms, employing about fifty hands. It is said that lor a time after this nearly one-half of the cotton goods made in New Hampshire wee manufactured here. The next agent (who was also one of its owners) was Benjamin A. Peavey, who ran it for a few years, after which it was idle for a time. This is now Kim- ball's cutlery establishment. Chapin Kidder put in a fulling-mill in the west end of the Putnam Mill, (then Hurt's), in 1815, and Merick Wcntworth built a mill for carding and cloth-dress- ing, where D H. Goodell iV Co.'s works now stand, in 1820. This spot was occupied as a paper-mill and manufactory of writing and blank-hooks for some years by John W. Flag-, Esq., while it was in Han- cock. In 1835, Lewis Fletcher built and started a paper- mill where Barker >x Co.'s now stands, which was sub- sequently operated by Gilbert Hall and others. About 1820, Jeptha Wright commenced the manu- facture of rifles and excellent fowling-pieces here. He manufactured the line rifles carried by the rifle companies of Greenfield, Henniker ami Amherst in the palmy days of these fine military organizations. Mr. Wright subsequently removed to Hillsborough and died there. It will be seen by this sketch that mills were stand- ing on every spot where mills arc now operated in Hancock Factory when it parted company with the mother-town. Highways. Railroads and Telegraph.— The first important thoroughfare in Hancock appears to have been what is now known as the old Stoddard road. This road was an extension of the Windy Row road in Peterborough, north through Hancock and corners of Antrim and Parkersfield to Stoddard, and was a great traveled road lo Boston from the towns to the north and northwest of Hancock during the last few- years of the pasl century. About the commencement of the presenl century HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the old County road, as it was railed, became the lead- ing thoroughfare forthe same rlass.it travel as had been earlier accommodated by the road first-mentioned, Hancock turnpike was chartered from Milford to Marlow early in this century : but, after several meet- ings of the col poration, it failed to be built, except on paper, the Forest road, so called, later taking its place as a road for trams and a stage and express route through the town. A g I business was done for many years on this road from Hancock and the towns above to Nashua, and later to Wilton depot. The building of the Peterborough Railroad, from Wilton to Greenfield (it never got to Peterborough), and the Monadnock Railroad, from Winchendon, Mass., to Peterborough, subsequently gave depots within some six or seven miles, respectively, of Han- cock Centre before the town had railroad facilities of its own. Trior to 1870 a survey of a route for a rail- road from Manchester to Keene had been made through the north part of Peterborough, and, soon after this, a preliminary survey was made to deter- mine the feasibility of locating tliis road through the smith part of Hancock. On the 25th of January, 1875, at a legal town- t ting, the citizens of Hancock voted a five per cent, gratuity to the Manchester and Keene Railroad if it would build a road through the town within one- half a mile of its town hall. Subsequent surveys proving this route feasible, the road-bed was located here rather than in Peterborough, as had hern earlier The first earth was moved on the line of this rail- road on land of Lewis Symonds, in Hancock, in the spring of the following year, and the road was com- pleted for business (from Greenfield to Keene) in 1879. The building of the Manchester and Keene Railroad through Hancock seemed to render it nec- essary that both the Monadnock and Contoocook Val- ley roads should connect with it. and the Peterbor oiigh and Hillsborough road was soon commenced, crossing the first-named road at Hancock Junction. Hancock now has two railroads through its terri- tory, with depots at Hancock Centre, on the Man- chester and Keene Railroad, and Cavender's, on the Peterborough and Hillsborough Railroad, while there i- also a union depot at the junction. There is also a much-used side-track al Coolidge's mill. It is worthy of remark here that Bennington, Han- cock's daughter, is the only other town that carries the rails of both these roads. A post-office, by the name of Elmw I. has recently been established at Hancock Junction, of which Henry F. Robinson is the postmaster The junction, at the hour of three P.M., would re- mind a stranger of some smart, young Western city, on account of its numerous trains of cars. Telegraph lines have been extended along both these roads, with operating stations at Hancock Cen- tre and Hancock Junction. Schools. — The first appropriation for schools in Hancock, of which we have any record, was made on the first Tuesday of December, 1787, when the town voted to raise ten pounds for schools, and a committee was chosen by the town for its proper distribution; hut we have no record of any school-house for four years thereafter. S i after the settlement of its first minister, Rev. Reede Paige, the town, under his lead, took a very advanced position for those days in relation to its school advantages, and the Centre District was author- ized to build a two-story school building, the upper storj to be used as a High School room. It was in this upper room that Rev. Brown Emerson, for nearly seventy years tin- pastor of the South Con- gregational Church of Salem, Mass., and his brother, Rev. Reuben, of Reding, in the same State, obtained most of the higher education which fitted them for college anil their future usefulness. In later years we find as students here Hon. George \V. Nesmith, of Antrim, a man who for many years ad. lined tin- bench of his native State, and is now, in hi- green old age, the president of the Orphans' I bun. in Franklin, and, a little later, Franklin Pierce, of Hillsborough, who subsequently became the Presi- dent of the United States. This building was burned about the close of the first quarter of the present cen- tury. ( tn the 14th of June, 1836, the Hancock Liter- ary and Scientific Institution was incorporated, Dr. Jonas Hutchison and seventeen others, with their associates and successors, being authorized to build a school building and maintain a High School here. This school was mainly under the control of the Milford and the Dublin Baptist Associations, and was tor several years in a very flourishing condition. Among its eminent instructors we will name Pro- fessors Jones, Colcord, Burnell, Ephraim Knight and True. About the same time Hancock Academy was insti- tuted and a tine brick building erected, and lor several years two large High Schools were in successful opera- tion here at the same time. This was under the con- trol of the Congregationalists. Among its eminent instructors we might name Messrs. Rice, Scott, Gilbert and others. Among the eminent men who were pupils in these schools we will name ex-Governor William B. Washburn, of Massa- chusetts, who held successively the offices of Repre- sentative in Congress, Governor and Senator of that Stair, am I is now the honored president of the Amer- ican .Missionary Association, his father having been a nativeand his grandfather an early settler here; Francis Jewett, of Nelson, tor several years the popular mayor of Lowell: Professor Ephraim Knight, a native of the town; Rev. Daniel Goodhue, who responded to the sentiment of "The Schools of Hancock" at its late centennial; Joseph Davis, Esq.; Hon. George Stevens, of Lowell; Judge Aaron W. Sawyer, of Nashua; and we might mention many more. 353 The present distribution of the school fund is equal- ized as much as it can well he anion;; its scholars. The town was constituted a High School District in 1873. One or more terms (usually two) ol thi- BChool yearly have been enjoyed by all its scholars who choose to attend and can pass the necessary ex- amination. About the commencement of the present century an association was formed in Hancock which, lor nearly thirty years, sustained a circulating library of some three hundred volumes here. In 1860 a town library was commenced with some two hundred ami fifty volumes, which has now been many times increased. This institution has now a fine library building, a gift to the town by one of its sons, Adolphus Whitcomb, and a moderate trust fund from legacies of Ebenezer Hubbard and Abijah Had- ley. the income of which is used in flu' purchase of additional volumes. Lawyers. — Only three persons have been known to the writer as having a law-office in this town, Andrew Wallace, from Milford, who appears to have been an excellent man and a good lawyer, being the first, lie was the town's representative in 1 Sl'l!. 1823 and 1824. Mr. Wallace returned to Milford and died there. Hon. Luke Woodbury succeeded him, beginning his practice of the law here, but moved his office to Antrim in 1826. Mr. Woodbury was long a judge of Probate for this county, and at the time of his death a candidate for Governor, with almost a certainty of election. The last lawyer to open an office in Han- cock was Hon. Timothy P. Fuller, who had been a lawyer of note and ajudge of the courts of Caledonia County, Vt. .Mr. Fuller and his wife both died here in 1854. Several of the natives of Hancock have won distinction at the bar elsewhere, among whom we will note Charles Wheeler, son of Noah and grandson of Jonas Wheeler, of this town (and an uncle of Charles James Fo.x, named below), who won high honors in the courts of Missouri. Charles James Fox, son of Jedediah and Sarah (Wheeler) Fox, was born in Hancock October 28. 1811. as appears from abundant written testimony (although his birth-place has been claimed elsewhere). Mr. Fox fitted for college at Fraucestown Academy, under the private tuition of Rev. Archibald Burgess, of Hancock, and was grad- uated from Dartmouth College with high honors in the (lass of 1831. He studied law with Hon. Isaac <). Barnes, of Fraucestown, and completed his law course at the New Haven Law School. He then entered the law-office of Judge Daniel Abbot of Nashua, whose partner-at-law he soon became. He soon after became treasurer of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad, and was for eight or nine years county solic- itor of this county. He also held the office of com- missioner in bankruptcy. He was a member of tin- Legislature from Nashua in 1837, and was appointed one of the committee to revise the Statutes of New Hampshire, with Judges Bell and Parker,in 1841-42, a rare compliment t e so young, and published his valuable "Town Officer" soon alter this date. On ace. .unt of declining health, he traveled in Egypl and the West Indies in 1844 -45, of which lie published interesting sketches, lie died, after a long sick- ness, at Nashua, February 17, 1846, aged thirty- four years. Industrious to the last, the hours when such exertions were possible were devo- ted to the revision of the "History of Dunsta- ble," which was published soon after his death, and to poetical compositions, chiefly on religious subjects. With all his honors he was a Chris- tian, and few men so young have left so glorious a record. Mr. Fox married Catharine Pinkman Abbot, a daughter of his law-partner, who, as the widow of ex-Governor Samuel Dinsm , of Keen,-, now sur- vives him ; also one son. Dr. Charles W. Fox. The Whitcomb biotheis- -Charles and Adolphu sons of John Whitcomb, torso long the postmaster of Hancock, went to California, where Charles soon died. Adolphus won distinction and wealth there. He now resides in Europe. It is to his munificence that Hancock is indebted lor its tine library building. Algernon B. Baldwin has won a high rank in his profession in Chicago, as has Charles A. Wood also, in Salmon city, Idaho. Edward I'.- Knight (a bro- ther id' Professor Ephraim Knight) has become eminent as a lawyer also, in Charlestown, W. Y. Prominent Individuals and Families.— John Grimes was the first person to locate in Hancock with the view of making the place his home. Mr. < i rimes was of Scotch-Irish descent, and came to Han- cock by way of Peterborough in 1764, locating at a spot near the south shore of Half-M L Pond. The spot of the settlement of this pioneer was marked 1 j its citizens with an appropriate monument in 1884. He remained but a few years in Hancock, and re- turned to the "old hive" in Londonderry, where he died. His widow resided in Hancock with bei son, William Grimes, within the memory of some now living. Moses Morrison was also of Scotch descent. Sam- uel 1 was driven under the walls of Londonderry in the famous siege of L688. All his children emigrated to America. John' was one of the first settlers of Londonderry, N. IL, his son, Jonathan 3 , being lie first male child bom in that town. Moses' was the youngest of eight children of this John', and was born in Londonderry, June 7, 1732. He married Rachel Todd, and located near Half-Moon Pond, in Hancock, prior to the birth of his son Andrew 4 , who was born here January 21, 1770. He was a great story-teller, and has been called the "Gulliver" and "Arabian Knight." of Hancock; hut we do not indorse the statement of the historian of a neighbor- ing town, that " it is for this only that his memory has survived him." The early records of Hancock prove him to have been a man of ability and useful- 354 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. ntv-ss iii the town where he spent his latest years and died. A grandson of his, Samuel 5 Morrison, of Al- steud, has been for many years a man of usefulness and honor there, and has recently celebrated his golden wedding. He, with his brother, Benjamin F., of the sa town, have greatly aided iii the prepara- tion of facts for tin' "History of Hancock." These brothers are also the grandsons of Deacon James Hosley, of Hancock. The historian of Hancock, Rev. W. W. Hayward, is a lineal descendant of Moses Morrison. Mr. Morrison and his descendants have occupied the soil of Hancock for over one hundred and fifteen years. Robert Duncan was of Scotch descent. George 1 was a native of Scotland, who emigrated to Ireland. George 2 was born, lived and died in Ireland. George 3 , with all his children, came to America. George 4 , his oldest son bj his second wife, Margaret Cross, was grown to manhood when he arrived in Londonderry. He married Letitia Bell and left seven children. Robert 5 , his second son, married Sarah, daughter of Colonel Andrew Todd, of Londonderry, and was an early settler in Hancock. Hon. John Duncan, of Antrim, who was the representative for years of Han- cock and Antrim, was his brother. Mr. Duncan was undoubtedly the most influential man in the town at the time of its incorporation. He drew up, headed and circulated the petition for the act of incorpora- tion, and was chairman of the first Board of Select- men chosen at an annual town-meeting, and chosen at the same time its town clerk, which office he after- wards hi Id for a time. Mr. Duncan was also chosen one of the first deacons of the church in Hancock, and held the office at the time oi his death. He was als.i much employed in the settlement .if estates of deceased early settlers. He died ill the midst of his usefulness, January 25, 1793, at the age of forty-nine years. Samuel 6 married Sarah Miller, of Peterbor- ough, and settled on the homestead, hut died in the prime of life, April 20, 1807. aged thirty-nine. Hiram 7 , who was only two years old at the time of his father's death, was the only child id' Samuel and Sarah (Miller) Duncan who arrived at man's estate. Hi settled in Jaffrey in trade, and was a man of great business capacity, hut died young, leaving one daughter, Sarah' Miller Duncan, now the wile of Hon. Peter Upton, of the Governor's Council, who is a lead- ing husiiiess man of that town, and, with their son, Hiram Duncan Upton, has charge of the banking interests of that place, Hiram D. being al-o president of the Northwestern Trusl < lompany ol I »akota. Mrs. Sarah M." (Duncan) Upton is the last survivor of Deacon Robert Duncan who ever bore the family name. Deacon Josiah 6 , of Antrim, son of Deacon Roberl ', of Hancock, was a thoroughly good man and an rider of the Presbyterian Chinch there, who is said to have been "a living example of Romans xiii. 11." Deleft no sons. Deacon Robert 6 also went to Antrim, and married his cousin, Mrs. Naomi (Duncan I Newton, daughter of Hon. John 6 , and was said to have been one of the most efficient elders this ancient church ever had. They had no children. James' Duncan was a brother of Robert, named above, and seven years his junior. He came to Han- cock from Society Land a little later than his brother I;. .belt ami settled on Norway Hill. James was chosen a deacon of the church at the same time as his brother, and continued in the office until his death. He was also much in town affairs. He married Jane Christie, who was said to have been one of the smartest girls of her day. It is related of her that on one occasion she won a wager of forty dollars by reaping more grain in a day than the smartest male reaper <>f Londonderry. They had eight children. I. Sarah 1 ', who became the wife of Samuel Fox, and died in early married lite, leaving two children. II. Letitia 6 became the wife of Martin Fuller and had four children: (1) Thomas James Duncan, who was a lawyer of note and Representative in Congress from the East District of Maine for eight years, and was second auditor id' the treasury under Buchanan. (2) Lydia J., who became the wife of Rev. L. 11. Stone, of Cabot. Vt. (3) .Mary, who was the wife of Stearns Foster, of Keene. (4) Hiram, who is a promi- nent citizen of Hancock. III. George 6 , win. settled in Antrim, where he was a prominent citizen. IV. Susan 6 , who became the wife of John Brooks, of Hancock. No children. V. James'' dieil in early manhood. VI. ' lnist\ ' settled on the homestead, and was a prominent citizen of the town and a noted land sur- veyor for many years. He married Lois Dow, and they had seven children: (1) Lydia A. 7 , who was for years a teacher, and became the wife of Rev. Mr. Stone, of Cabot, Vt. (2) Sarah 7 is the wife of Rev. Daniel Rice, formerly the principal of the academy here, now located in "Minnesota. (3) James 7 studied medicine, hut died young. (4' Stephen D. 7 , a teacher at Wil- mington Del. (O) John 7 settled in Hancock, and mar- ried Mrs. Almira 1'. Wilkins, and has two sons, — < loorge i '.", a dentist and druggist at East Jaffrey, and Christy H. ", an esteemed citizen of Hancock. (6) Nathaniel 7 , who resides in North Chelmsford, Mass. 1 7) Elizabeth G. 7 , a teacher at the time of her death. VII. and VIII. Rebecca' 1 and Isaac" (twins). Re- becca 1 ' became the wife of Hon. T. P. Fuller, of Hard- wick, Vt., who late in life Located here. Isaac? located in Stoddard and died there leaving honored de- scendants. Symonds Family.— Joseph Symonds' was horn in Shirley, Mass., January 30, 1740, and married Mittie Cuinmings, a native of Holllis. Mr. and .Mrs. Symonds came to Hancock from New Ipswich about the time of the incorporation of the town, locating mi Norway Hill, and they and their descendants have been, and are to-day, among the mm. -i useful and honored of its citizens. II WMII'k Mr. Symonds was a member of the first Board of Selectmen chosen at an annual town-meeting. He was often in town business, and l'"r several years its town clerk, and was a useful and respected citizen. He and his wife, Mitt ie, were among tl 'iginal mem- bers of its church. Their children were, Joseph', known as "Captain Jo," who married Hannah, daughter of Lieutenant Joseph Dodge, of this town, and lived and died here. Captain Joseph ' Sj m Is was a man of great busi ness capacity, and was honored by the town with most of the positions of trust within its gift. Their children were, — Nancy', who became the wife of James Bowers. Hon. S. L. Bowers, of Newport, is her son. Hannah', who became the wife of Rev. Sylvester Cochrane, of Antrim. Both Mi. and Mrs, Cochrane died in Michigan. Judge Lyman i lochrane, of that State, was their son. Amelia 1 became the wife of Captain Gardner Nay, and died in i lalifornia. Joseph 3 , who died in infancy. Joseph 3 , married Annais Cavender, and died in Manchester in 1849. Rebecca 3 , who was married to .lames I 'avis, and lived and died much respected in Hancock. Lewis', mar- ried Persis Robinson, of Hancock, and lias always lived in the town. Lewis 3 is a man much respected, and has repre- sented Hancock in the Legislature. William F. 4 , the oldest child of Lewis 3 and Persis (Robinson) Symonds, is, perhaps, to-day the most popular man in the town. He lias been seven years a selectman, and is at this writing its representative to the Legislature. He married Abide M., daughter of Elijah and Mary (Hills) Washburn, of this town, who is a first cousin of ex-Governor W. B. Washburn, of Massachusetts. They have three children — Henry A. 5 , Annie L.' and Her- bert \V . Thusit will be seen that the Symonds familj has been prominent in Hancock for over a century. Almon 3 was a blacksmith, and resided in Benning- ton. Mittie- liecame the wife of Peter Fox, and re- moved to Marlow, where their descendants are now living. Asa was long a deacon of the church in Hancock, and a useful Christian man. 1 1 is son Asa 3 is now an honored citizen of the town. Mellia '■' became the wife of Captain Jacob Anus, and left highly respectable descendants. Henry Ames Blood, of Temple, the historian of that town, was her grandson. Charles '-' was married to Sallie, 'laughter of Moses Dennis,' Sr., December 26,1809. They had several children, among whom, John 3 is perhaps the most esteemed in Hancock, as it was through his efforts thai the annual Symonds reunions (which have grown into town picnics) were established in Han- cock. The recent death of Hon. John Symonds is sincerely lamented here. We learn that, by a provi- sion of his will, the city of Keene, which was his adopted home, is to receive a large legacy for the benefit of its public library. Lucy- married, but had no children. JAMES HOSLEY. — Savage says " Horsley James 1 , of Newton, married Martha, daughter of John Parker; had .lames." This Martha was born May 1, 1649, in Cambridge. Their son, James 2 , married Maria ami came to Billeriea, Mass, in 1699. Their son, .lames, born May 19, 1704, settle. 1 in Townsend, Mass. lie married Exercise , and died in that place when his son, .lames', was quite young, .lames', or Deacon .lames, as he was called here, was a re- markable man and one of the greatest benefactors Hancock ever had. He was born in Townsend Jan- uary 19, 1734. W the age of thirty-two we find his name as one of the selectmen of the place, and he was chosen a deacon of the church there at about the same date. From 1770 to 1781 he was either moder- ator, town clerk, one of its selectmen or on a war committee every year. In 177">, Mr. Hosley held the offices of moderator, town clerk and chairman of the Board of Selectmen. He was also captain of the Townsend Minute .Men and led them to Lexington at the alarm of April L 9th of that year. Being the " best-balanced man in all respects " (see History of Townsend) in the town, and needed in its civil affairs, and having a huge family, his only other service in the field was in 1777, when a company of men (most of them veterans with families) was raised in Pepperell, Townsend and Ashbj to assist in the campaign against Burgoyne. Colonel William Prescott, the hero of Bunker Hill, and two majors were in the ranks of this company, which unanimously chose .lames Hosley its captain, a rare tribute to his popu- larity and military capacity. This company partici- pated in the battles preceding and was present at the surrendei of Burgoyne. Deacon Hosley sold his farm in Townsend at about the time ol the incorpo- rati f Hancock, and a little later remo\ ed to New [pswich, in this State, where he also held the offices both of selectman and town clerk. While a citizen of New [pswich he gave, bj deed, to the town of Hancock the common on which its public buildings and Pine Ridge Cemetery are situated, and soon after re ved to Hancock with his family. After bee, lin- ing a resident of the town he held tl Mice of town clerk for years. \ ie who may have occasion to examine the records of Townsend. Mass., New Ips- wich or Hancock can fail toadmire his legible chirog- raphy. He also held the office of justice of the peace, and was much employed as a conveyancer here. He was one of tl iginal members of the Church of Christ here, and the first pers hosen as its deacon. Deacon Mo-lev died April 19, 1809, exactly thirty-four years from the day when he led his Minute-Men towards the point where "the em- battled farmers stood, and fired the shots heard round the world." The Amherst Cabinet of May 23, 1809, gives a short but graphic account of him ami the imposing ceremonies attending his interment, and closed the article with this adage of Pope: " An honest man is the noldcst work of Cod." 350 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. His descendants (none bearing the family-name residing here now) are numerous and highly respecta- ble. Ex-Mayor John Hosley, of Manchester, who is a native of Hancock, is his great-grandson ; James 4 , Samuel 5 , Samuel 6 , John'. Ebenezee Ware.— It is a tradition of the Ware family that it is of Welsh descent. Ebenezer' and Esther (Hunting), his wife, were residents of Need- ham, Mass., where their sun, Ebenezer', was born, and spent their last years with their son, who was :i n early settler here. Ebenezer- married Alice Eaton. Their only child, Ebenezer 3 , has long been a promi- nent citizen of Hancock. He early learned the trade of carpenter. The Literary andScientific Institution, with the boarding-house connected therewith, and the late residence of .ledediah Fox, in the village, will remain as monuments of his skill. Mr. Ware has held nearly every office within the gift of his townsmen. He is a great reader, and the owner, probably, of the largest private library in the town. He married Martha E. Lakin. They have hail ten children, eight of whom are living. Physicians. — Dr. Thomas Peabody, who had been a Burgeon in tin Revolutionary War. was a resident of Hancock for a short time in its earlier history. |ii Ki.l. cii I'ageart came here from Hillsborough in August, 179(1, and Dr. William Brown, from Sullivan, in March, 1791, but their stay was probably of short duration. The Hist physician who practiced his profession here was Dr. Stephen Kittridgc. He came to this place from Francestown the 6th of October, 1790. He was a successful physician and a good man. He was a dcac.m of the church, anil so had double title, being sometimes called deacon and sometimes doctor. He died about 1806, leaving his practice with his ■successor, Dr. Peter Tuttle, who was born in Prince- ton. Mass., April 15, 1781. Dr. Tuttle began his work in Hancock in October, 1806, and proved him- -. If to In a skillful physician. He married a daughter of his predecessor in 1808, and brought up a large familj of children. He held the office of justice of the peace, and was respected both as a magistrate and a citizen. At the time of his death Dr. Tuttle was vice-president of the Southern District of the New Hampshire Medical Society. He was Master of the Alteinoiil Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and was buried with Masonic honors. He died March 13, L828 He was a genial man, always ready with a joke, ami decidedly popular in his profession. He died mourned and lamented. Dr. Jonas Hutchinson was born in Milford, N. H., June 2, 1792. He commenced the practice ofmedi- cim in Hancock at the age of twenty-three. He was ami f tine powers and great energy. He was for several years town clerk, and representative to the Legislature in the years 1833, 1834 and 1835. He connected himself with the Baptist Church, and was largely instrumental in founding the Literary and Scientific Institution, which for a few years was so prosperous. He remained in town until November, 1841, when he removed to Milford, continuing the practice Oi medicine until a few months before his decease. He died in September. 1857. He was an influential citizen, and his removal from town was a cause of regret. Contemporaneous with Dr. Hutchinson we find Drs. Rand and W 1. 1 >r. Nehemiah Band came ben from Francestown, and removed to Nelson aftei a tew years. He was considered a good physician. Dr. Jacob A. Wood was born in this town May 14, L810. lb spent his boyhood working on the farm during the summer and attending school in the winter, It the age of sixteen he went to Frances- town to learn the saddler's trade ; his health not being very firm, he remained but a short time. Some year- later he began the study of medicine with Dr. Crom- bie, of Francestown, whose daughter he afterwards married. Subsequently he was a pupil of the cele- brated Dr. Twitchell, of Keene, and attended medical lectures in Boston and at the Vermont Medical Col- lege, at Woodstock, receiving his degree in the latter place in 1836. He commenced practice at once in his native tow n. He soon had an extensive practice, and was highly esteemed ; but after some years he deemed it best to seek a wider field, and about the year 1851 he re- moved to Boston, remaining there some -i\ years. 1 luring his stay in Boston he became so celebrated in the treatment of spinal diseases that his friends in New York urged him to establish himself in that city. He finally did so, and there remained until his death, March 21.1879. Dr. W I was a member of Dr. Booth's Church, of University Place, New York. He was a good friend and a devoted husband. As a man, dignified, firm and decided, yet gentle, genial and laddeiiing the hearts of those with whom he came in contact. He lived a noble and self sacri- ficing life, and died trusting firmly in the Master he had served so faithfully. In the year 1S4_', Dr. .lame- M. Stickney came to Hancock. He was a son of Dr. Jeremiah Stickney, of Antrim. He was a very pleasant man to meet, and was esteemed both as a physician and i citizen After remaining hen' six or seven years he removed toPepperell,Mass., w hen he was \ erj successful in his profession. Dr. Levi W. Wilkins spent a short time in Han- cock after Dr. Wood and Dr. Stickney left. He bought out the former. Although he made a favora- ble impression and proved himself to be a good physi- cian, he did not remain long, removing to Antrim. Dr. De Witt Clinton Hadlej was born in Hancock, June 12, L823, He was educated at New Hampton and Meriden, N. IL. and was graduated in medicine HANCOCK. a! Woodstock, Vt., in 1849. He practiced medicine eight y.ars in his native town, and died February 11, L859. Dr Hadlej was apromiaing physician, and was just beginning his life-work when disease laid a heavy hand upon him. His death was a sad blow to his numerous friends. Dr. I. Craigue was born in Troy, Vt., in 1832. He was graduated in medicine from the Harvard Medi- cal College in 1857. He was lor a short time assistant physician at the Insane Retreat at Hartford, Conn. From Hartford he came to Hancock, where he re- mained until 1st;;;. He then went to Chester, Vt., remaining there till 1875. rinding country practice too severe for him, he removed to Lawrence, Mass., where he resided until his death, in 1*77. His removal from Hancock was a can I general regret. He was a true Christian, always found on the side of truth ami the right. Such men are always missed. Dr. It. G. Mather, wdio had previouslj been a sur- ge >n in the army, practiced medicine in town lor a short time; he afterwards gave up general practice and gave his attention to dentistry, in which profes- sion he gained quite a reputation. lie was a native of Newport and died in Hancock. Dr. Albert H. Tal't came to Hancock from Nelson in 1867, and remained there until 1*72, when he re- moved to Winchester, N. H., where he has been suc- cessful as a physician. Dr. Taft had a great many friends in Hancock, especially among the young people. Dr. Horatio Mclntire, also from Nelson, was the physician of the place during the building of the Man- chester and Keene Railroad. Dr. Mclntire hail seen service in the army, which gave him an advantage above many in the treatment of cases of injury to the work- men. He removed from Hancock to Milford, ami is now in government employ in New York City. Dr. H. H. De I'.eek, a native of Maine, succeeded Dr. Mclntire, but returned to his native State alter a short practice here. Dr. A. A. Ilaig, a native of St. Lawrence County, N, V, commenced the practice of medicine in Han- cock in the early part of 1883. He has a g 1 prac- tice in Hancock ami Harrisville, ami is also often called to the neighboring towns. Physicians and Dentists who were Natives (if Hancock, but have peaticed in other Places.— There Lave been several physicians and dentists, who were either natives of Hancock or were brought up there, whose active lives have been spent elsewhere. The list we give is necessarily an imper- fect one. Dr. Jabez 1'.. Priesl was the son of Levi Priest, of this town, and from 1816 to the time of his death, in 1*26, was a very successful physician in Peterborough, where he died of epidemic dysentery, at the age of thirty-six. Dr. John Boutelle was the second son of Deacon William Boutelle. He was born in Leominster, Mass., April 1. 1783. At the age of live years his parents removed to Hancock. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in the class of 1808 (the first college graduate from Hancock). After hi- gradua tion he was for a time tutor in the same college, aiel was for some ten years engaged in teaching, when he began the practice of medicine at Edgecomb, Me where he continued to the close of his life, lie died April 30, 1853. He was a sincere Christian, an affec- tionate husband and a good eiti/.en. Dr. David Knight Boutelle was the oldest son of Thomas Boutelle, who was the fourth son of Deacon William Boutelle. He was born at Landgrovi Vt October 6, 1811. At the age of fourteen years, with his parents, he removed to their native town (Han cock), which was his home until be was twenty-one years of age. He bad a common-school education. and at the age of eighteen attended a term at a select school in Hancock, taught by Mr. B. Y. Wallace. After attaining his majority he took a course of study at the Teachers' Seminary at Andover, Ma.ss. He then taught for several years in the grammar schools of Warren, R. I., and New Bedford, Mass. He subsequently studied dentistry at Providence, It. I., which profession he has successful!) practiced in Newport, R. 1., Manchester and Peterborough, N. II., and Worcester, Mass. In 1869, with the hope of improving his impaired health, lie removed to Lake City, Minn., where he now (1885) resides. Dr. Jonathan Lee, son of Jonathan Lee, studied medicine with Dr. Peter Tuttle. He practiced his profession many years at Syracuse, N. Y. Dr. \dauis Knight, SOU of Deacon Aaron Knight, was for many years a successful physician in Spring- field, Yt. Dr. William H. Weston, oldest son of Captain Ephraim West was born August 8, 1849, in Han- cock. He was graduated at the Medical Department of Columbia College, in New York City, in 1878. Alter his graduation he associated himself for a time with Dr. Hovt, in Grafton, N. H. From this place he went to New York, and was associated with Dr. .1. H. Wood. Alter the death of Dr. Wood he con tinned the treatment of spinal diseases at the old office at Cooper's Institute until the spring of 1881. Preferring general to special practice, he removed to 406 West Twenty-second Street. Dr. George Bowers, oldest sou of Mark Bowers, was born in Hancock, October 10, 1831. lie was graduated at the Philadelphia Dental College, and practiced his profession in Springfield, N't., fifteen years, removing to Nashua, N. 11., in 1x77, where he now (1885) resides, a successful practitioner. His brother, Dr. Samuel 0. Bowers, is also a successful dentist at Hillsborough Bridge. Dr. Cyrus H. Hayward, oldest son of Calvin Hay- ward, was born in Hancock, November 7, 1840. lb- was graduated at the Boston Dental College in 358 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. March, 1870. He soon became a member of tlie New Hampshire Dental Society; was elected in 1880 delegate to the American Dental Association, and in June, 1884, be was chosen one of the Board of Censors for the State. He began the practice of his profession in Peterborough, N. II., soon after his graduation, where he has remained until the present time. His standing in the profession is of the first class. I>r. Albert E. Ware is in the successful practice of dentistry in this, his native town, and Dr. Charles Ooolidge, is doing a good business in Bristol, V II. Dr. George C. Duncan is also in successful practice in East Jaffrey. Military History. -The compiler of this record makes no claims to accuracy in detail. It has been almost impossible to obtain any data, especially in regard to the militia of the town. As yet no records bave been found, although dili- gently inquired for. In 1718 it was enacted by the Legislature that all able-bodied men between the ages of sixteen ami sixty, with a tew exceptions, be held liable for military duty. Later, this law was so modified that the military age was between eighteen and forty-five. When the first company was organ- ized it is impossible to determine. In 1789 there was an article in the town warrant to have the town divided into two military districts, that two companies might be organized, but at the town-meeting the article was passed over. There was for a brief period a company of cavalry. Hancock Artillery was organized early in the nine- teenth century. Its first captain — afterwards t leneral Miller — was then a young lawyer in Greenfield. Of General Miller, Hawthorne said, " He was New England's most distinguished soldier." His motto at Lundy's Lane, " I'll try, sir." was tor a long time printed on the knapsacks of tin- company. In 1849 the militia was disbanded. After the close of the War of the Rebellion the old Hancock Artil- lery, with a new name, was organized, but it is now disbanded. Among the early settlers, William I. akin and his brother Oliver had served in the French war. There were but few inhabitants in the town until towards the close of the Revolutionary War; there- fore but lew men were actually sent from Hancock. The few settlers that were here were not indifferent, as the town records will show. They furnished their quota of Continental beef as best they could, and taxed themselves to pay bounties to those who were in the field. William Lakin, Jr., Thomas Williams and Lemuel Lakin were in the sen ice. William Lakin, Jr., was a member of the First New Hampshire Regiment. He was discharged No- vember 3, 1782, wounded in the hand and hip; ex- amined April I. 1789; received a pension of two dollars a month. A large proportion of the early settlers served in the army before liny became residents id' Hancock, some of them with distinction. The following list, made up from various sources, may be incomplete, but is, without doubt, correct as far as it goes. We onl\ give their names, without regard to rank or term of service, — Samuel Viiit-s, Ehenezer Barker, 1 »:» v 1. 1 II;, i k< i , John Mutters, William Boutelle, John Bradford, Sal Blodgett, John Brooks, John Cum- mings, Abraham Davis, l-aa. Davis, Oliver Davis, Moses Dennis, Joseph I' I M'l I . : . t . - 1 , . I I l.i!. .11 S: !■■) KjLti.M, Tl lit- English, r-i i I i.-i ■ 1 1- i .1. ■!. ■n.iiili !■',,— . .dm Hay. .loli" Gllmn, Abijah Eadli ) James II. .-lev. Nathaniel Hazelton, Daniel Ki ill, Simeon Lakin, Josiah Lakio, Oliver Lawn u, ,-, Thomas Mav, Jonathan Margery, Roll- er! Matthews, Al.ialiaiu .Moors, Timothy Moors, Ehenezer Pratt, Abner Preston, Levi Priest, Thomas Peabody, Peter Putnam, Joel Russell, I'avn] Sloaii. .lo-.-pli son 1-, San I Tvrr.-ll. Elijah W a- hi. urn, Joseph Washburn, salmon w !, William Williams, Jr, Abel Winship. In the War of 1812-14 quite a number of Han- cock men served for a short time, and a few during most of the war. The records do not, in every in- stance, .ji\c the towns from which the soldiers went, so that it is impossible to give i rrect list. Simeon l.akiu was sergeant m Captain I:, ii.iauiiri Bradford's company, First Regiment ; pay-roll from April 1 to May 1, 1813. Samuel Itehliis was corporal 111 same roin| any. Aliraliuni I'avi- ami Kol.ert Matlliews, Jr., wee- privates in -.on. M's.s t| I. akin .-nil-tod ,1m in- tin- war in Captain lien jam in Bra.lt .el's company, Forty-fifth Regiment United stat.-s Infantry, Denny yi.'Col.i., colonel, March 9, 1814 promoted to sergeant June 16, 1814 John V, Lakin . .a p.. nil, enlisted at lie- -am,- time. Plum i Wheeler, sergeanl enlisted December 15, 1813. Thatcher Bradford, tliir.l lieutenant in captain Hugh Moore's pauy, detached militia, si- ni i.. Portsmouth m an emergi acy, enlisted for three months, Septelnhcl Is, 1813. Willi him went Isaac Brooks, Benjamin Ball, Abraham Davis, John Gilson, William Qraj Jesse Hall, Mark Pierce and Peter Rumrill, privates. 1 i. ... I. - Boutelle wasfifer in Captain S t'rivett' i] , . Second Regi- ment detached itii ste.l foi sixty days, September T<, 1814. Al.ijalr Hadley, i a I I, Benjamin stone, Joseph Washburn, Wat- son Washburn, Asa Washburn and Eli Washburn, privates, enlisted in Captain William Gregg's company, ..1 Antrim, Septembei 27, 1814, t..i sixty days. Samuel Matthew-. I' ,m. I I. akin an. I Benjamin Turtle served as privates Iron, s.-pt - i II to September 28, 1814, in Captain Alfred Smith's . onrpanj I arth B nenl detached militia. Who. ... I w.o enlisted foi sixty .lav- s. pi. , 26, 1-14. in Captain Josiah B.-II..W-' , pany, of tl,,- Firsl Battal , detached militia. John Robinson, ditto I I,. -i i. v.- 1 llul.l.ar.l --i v, .1 in ( a plain M. S. il - < oinpanv , Eleventh United States Infantry, foi two months, from July I, 1813. Otis Wheeler and Timothj Paige were educated it West Point Mr Wheeler held the rank of captain in tin- regular Dnited States army and served in tin- Florida Wai II.- wae also long in service in Louis- iana ami Arkansas, and died recently in Missouri, leaving one son a in, lee ami .lie a I nil,-. I States luai-lial Mr Paige -i-rveil uii,l,;-i General Harrison in the Indian war- He was stationed at one time at New Orleans, ami for a time had command at Key West Se held the rank of lieutenant in the regular army In the late Civil War Hancock bore a fair share of the burden. Sei m\i. Regiment. Captain Ephraim Weston i-omiiiahde,! Compan, o, Second Regiment ; died December 9, 1861. Sylvesti i i Dum klee we a private in same company . mustered June 5, 1861 . -.-veielv wounded Julv 2, 1863 . mustered out June 21, 1864. His father. Sylvester J. Ihin. klee, -nl-.-pieiith enlisted as a recruit in the same company ; was wounded at Gettysburg, and discharged foi disability. HANCOCK. in A Cummings enlisted at Peterborough, but be was a son of Han- cock ; first li. ■in. ".i.i November30, 1861 : captain April 23, 1862 . die el, are.. -d I. |'I |T tii.n .major "I ■ iivulrj i April 5,1864 ; is now ex-mayoi ..i Summeiville, Mass. ink I. Gray Bnliated Novembei 28, 1861 . sei I lieutenant April 20, rely wounded May 12, 1864. irles E. Barker enlisted i-orp I Nov.-ml.oi ■_'«, I-..I drowned in the Potomac August [3, 1862, mi . li.n I., i -ii I isl.-.l Vo.inl.n ■•, l-i.l .liseliarge.l lor disability January 111, 1863. ron J. Duncklee enlisted Decembei 10,1861 died January 20, 1862 .■•it I. Mlir[.ll\ .lllistr.l N.H. Illt.ir J^, 1SIII iv-rlllist. .1 li.-. . till..'. 27, His A. Nutliing ,-iili-le.l NomiuI.. r _'s, Is..] iini-t.-i.-.l ,.iit November il,.: i, - M Sheldi n enlisted November 28, li ber 27, 1864 Harlen P. Knigl.i enlisted ..- :i i... mil iii lugust, 1862 killed at Fred- .. Decembei 21, 1862. liardner, bis l.r.itber, , iiltste.l a I th- same tune in .in N.ls.ni This regiment was in twenty-five regular battles, or forty engagements in nil. Seventh Rbgibist. Uebei .1. Davis, Becond lieutenant Company I. .Inly In, In.,;, m-t lieu tenant Company \ February 6, 1864 was ou the staff of General Hawlt i wassevi n ly wounded at Fredericksburg. u.l.n ^ i i,i,- 1 1, Company K, — Regiment; enlisted October 12, 181 1 .it- I.... .1 February 12, 1863. THIRTE1.MII ReGI m NT, COHPANY G. William H. Clark, enlist.-,! September In, l.Si>2 . wounded September 22, 1864. Samuel Bradley, enlisted September la, 1862. G. W. Matthews, enlisted September 19, 1862 , discharged November Mi,.!, i: Todd enlisted September 19, 1862; died Maj 18, 1863 Portei li West 'il. enlisted September 19, 1862. Edwin Wan irporaJ j. .. b t to Brat sergeant and t.. lieutenant, enlisted Septembei 19 L8& wounded four times. Charles W Washburn, musi ian, enlisted Septembei 19, 1862. This regiment was in about fifteen regular battles, among which were Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Harrison, etc., and was the first to enter Richmond after Lee's re- treat. UdenS W 1- enlisted iii-tob-r -'4, 1862 ; first s, i e. ant, Novembei 13, 1862; mustered out August 20, 1863. Albert A. Buxt, n. .-uli-teil N. a ember 13, ls«; mustered out Vugu-I 211, . it.,1. G W 1 :klee, enlisted Octobei gust 2ii, 1863 , 1862; discharged for disability Septem- 1M.1 regimental organi ation lanuary 6, the Second Company, M:i-si. Ini-iii, . r.ly wounded at Fredericksburg. t..,-i enrolled in Wisconsin, hisadopted "terry sergeant ol Col my II, First Tin- parents of Major-, ieneral John Cray Foster were natives of Hancock. li i- not necessary to give a sketch of his eminent services here, as there is a notice of him in the his- tory of Nashua, which was for many years his home and where he was buried. Several patriotic citizens of Hancock put in substi- tutes. Some of these " subs " served faithfully, but more deserted. Ecclesiastical History.— At a town-meeting held April '-!4, 1780, it was voted that the meeting-house and burying-place In- on Norway Plain. This was a little more than live months after the town was in- corporated. On the 8th of June, the same year, it was voted that money In- raised to hire preaching. The sum of money raised each year to sustain preaching was small, only enough for four or six Sundays. Mostof tin meetings, until the first meeting-house was built, in L790, were held at lite house, or rather the barn, of Mr. Joseph Symonds. The Congregational Church was organized in August, L788. It consisted of seven female and ten male members, — John Cuuimiii-ts, Sarah Cuinmings, William Williams, Mary Williams, James Hosley, Joseph Symonds, Mile Symonds, Joseph Dodge, Molly Dodge, James Duncan, Salmon Wood, Sybel Wood, John Bowers, Elizabeth Bowers, Samuel Tur- rell, Aimer Whitconib, Susanna Gates. The first pastor of the church, Rev. Heed Paige, A.M., was ordained September 20, 1791. Mr. Paige was bom in Hardwick, Mass., .August 30,1764. He was the -on of Colonel Timothy Paige (a gentleman of ability, who tilled a number of important stations, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW BAMPSHIRE. both civil :iml military, with fidelity and honor). He was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1786, studied divinity with Dr. Emmons, of Franklin, Mas-., was a Hopkinsian of the straightest sect and, what was then very unusual among the orthodox clergy, was an ardent Democrat in politics. He published two ordi- nation sermons, an election sermon, 1805, and several other- on different occasions. He is described in the "Gazetteer" of New Hampshire "as a learned, pious, able and faithful minister, a good citizen, an h !St and upright man, a firm patriot, and zealous and able advocate of hiscountry's rights, which very much endeared him to the people of his charge, who frequently elected him to represent his town in the State Legislature, of which he was a member at the time of In- death.' Mr. Paige died, much lamented, July 22, 1816. During the six years alter the death of Mr. Paige the pulpit was supplied by different ministers. An attempt was made to settle some of them, but no one seemed able to unite all the elements in the town until December 25, 1822, when Rev. Archibald Bur- gess was ordained. Until about the year 1817 or 1818 the town was the parish. At that time the town ceased to act. and a societj was organized to act in conjunction with the church. Mr. Burgess was the son of Asa Burgess, and was born in Canterbury, Conn., February 2, 1790. He was :i graduate of Yale College in the class of 1814. He was a strong man. and was decidedly of the opinion that it would be lor the best interest of the town to retain all the religion- element- within his own church. When he was aroused tew men were his superiors, or were more active than he. No one could sympathize more tenderly with the sorrowing and the afflicted. He died February 7, 1850. His successor, Rev. Asahel Bigelow, was installed May 15, 1850. Mr. Bigelow was horn in Boylston, Mass., May 14. 1 7'. >7. He was the son of Andrew Bigelow. He graduated at Harvard College in 1823. Soon alter he went to the seminary at Andover, where he gradu- ated. He wa- ordained at Walpole, Mass., in 1828. He had then' a pastorate of twenty-one years. Hi- work in Hancock was eminently successful. Reared in tie severe school of ad \ ei-it \ .and coming to Hancock in the mature years of his manhood, with an earnest Christian spirit. In- endeared himself to all who became acquainted with him. August 10, 1*77, at the ripe age of fourscore, he passed on to the higher life. Rev. Hervey Gulick, the present pastor of the . butch, was horn March 27, 1846. His ancestors for generations have resided in Northampton County, I'a. He graduated from Pennsylvania College in i-ii- 1 le si u lied and began the practice of law ; but find- ing his profession uncongenial, he abandoned it ami entered I'linui 'IheoWical Sewinan , from which he was called to preach at Hancock. He was ordained and installed pastor of the church November 5, 1879, the hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of the town. He has proved himself to be a Christian gentleman, and it is to be desired that his term of office will be as long a- that of hi- | leci ssors \- earl] as 1792, John Cummings asked to be re- lieved from his ministerial tax, presenting a- a reason therefor a certificate from a Baptist minister in Hollis. In 1798, there was in the town warrant the follow- ing article : Nine men were exempted. A Baptist Church was organized May 6, 1840. It was an offshoot from the church then known a- the Baptist Church of Hancock and Society Land. Service- were sustained till 1852, when the church cased to be active. Several pastors served the church; but a- in records have come to band, the compiler will give from memory the names of Revs. Mr, Pierce, Frederick Paige, Lorenzo Tandy and Mr. Guilford In 1822, Rev. Lemuel Willis, tin n a young man. was instrumental in 'forming a I aiversalist society, that sustained preaching at intervals for nearlj fortj years. About the same date Rev. Zetia- Adams, from Mai- low, organized a Methodist Church, which has also cea-ed to exist. Ill the interval between the [pastorates of Mr. 1'aige and Mr. Burgess several Unitarian clergymen occu- pied the pulpit of the church at different times. There was also growing out of the anti-slavery move- ment - 'inc I rouble in the church ; lift ecu or more be- came what were then known as "Come outers." The Miller excitement in 1843 had its share of attention, but the steady hand of Mr. Burgess guided his church safely through it all. An apostle of what was known as the " Latter-Day Saints" visited the town, and once, at least, occupied the church, but it is not recorded that lie made any converts. MEETING-HOOSES.— The first meeting house, as has ahead] been recorded, was built after a long struggle in 1790. It was a plain structure, without steeple and without bell. In lsl*i it was burned to the ground. In 1820 a new church, mole commodious than the first, was erected, with comparatively little effort, In one da\ the pews were sold for seven thousand dollars. In L851 this church was removed from nearly the centre of the common to a position deemed more suit- able, and repaired and modernized, having an at- tractive audience-room in the upper story and a com- modious town hall below. There was a small Methodist meeting-house built in the western part of the town some J ears ago, but not a vestige of it remains. HANCOCK. In 1836 the Congregational Societj erected a two- story brick building, the upper story of which i- used for a school and the lower story for a chapel. The chapel has within a fe« years been remodeled, and is at the present time one of the most attracts e rooms for the purpose for which it is used thai ran be found The sons and descendants of I Ian. -.irk who have entered the ministry can be counted by scores, among whom we will mention Rev. Brown Emerson, who, after a course of study with his pastor, Rev. Mr. Page, was a pastor sixty-eight years, most, if not all, the time in Salem, Mass. Tw ■ his brothers, Noah and Reuben, were also ministers of the gospel. Rev. William Clark, IM>. (son of John Clark of Hancock, and grandson of William (lark, of New Boston), was born September 28, 1798. He fitted for college at Bradford Academy, and was graduated at Dartmouth in 1822, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1827. He was employed as an agent for the A. B. ( '. 1-'. missions in Massachusetts and Con- necticut until settled over the ( 'ongrcgational Church in Wells, Me., in 1829. After a pleasant and profita- bli pastorati of six years, he was again called into the general service of the < longregational ( Ihurch of New England. During forty consecutive years he acted success- ively as agent of the American Tract Society at the West District, secretary tor Northern New England of the American Hoard of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and secretary of New Hampshire Home Missionary Society. Dartmouth College conferred the honorarj degree of Doctor of Divinity on Mr. Clark in 1875. On re- tiring from official labor, in 1876, he became a perma- nent resident of Amherst, N. II. Mr. Clark responded to the sentiment "The Clergy of Hancock," at the centennial of the town, as did also another descendant of Hancock, Rev. Josiah L. Seward, of I. ..well, Mass., a prominent representative of tic- Unitarian denomination. We would also mention Rev. Horace W. Warthen, who is now a leading preacher and worker in the Methodist denomination in the State of Vermont; Rev. Arid S., son of Jonas Lakin, presiding elder of the Marion I >istri't , Alabama Conference of the Methodist Church and Rev. F. M. Chapin, now a missionary of the American Board at Kalgan, North China, who unites in his vein* the blood of the fam- ilies of Wheeler, Knight and Goodhue, all belonging to Hancock. Okj.axo Eaton, Esq. 1 — The Eatons of this country trai.' back their ancestrj to five early emigrants,— I. Francis Eaton, who, with his wife Sarah, came over in the " Mayflower," in 1620. II. John and Abigail Eaton, who came in 1635, It. i William W. Hiiywanl, ami settled in Dedham, Mas.-., where members of the family continue to reside. John' occupies the a -nt homestead of his ancestors. Hon. Dorman I'.. Eaton, now the head of the Civil Service Commission, is of lliis 1. ranch. III. William and Martha Eaton settled in I;, ading Mass., about 1636. Ex-United States Senator Eaton, of Connecticut, represents this branch. IV. Jonas and Grace Eaton came to Reading, Mass., about 1640. The wile of Rev. Mr. Gulick, of Hancock, is descended from that family. Y. John and Ann Eaton settled in Haverhill, Mas-., about 1644. Among their descendants we notice General John Eaton, United Slate- commis- sioner of education. The Eatons of Hancock are descended from John ami Abigail Eaton, who settled in Dedham, Mass.. in 1635. John 1 , John- and William 5 lived and died in Dedham. William 1 married Mary Starr, a grand- daughter of George Bunker, of Charlestown, Mass., who was the owner of tin top of "that hill of glory" (see "History of the Star Familj "l. Hi- son, Jer- emiah 4 , married Elizabeth W hock in 1751, and -riile.l in Needham, Mass., dying there aboul L800 He had four sons and four daughters. Three of the daughters died young. The youngest. Alice . mar- ried Ebenezer Ware, of Hancock. All the sons re- moved to Hancock. Jeremiah 5 remained unmarried. Moses . Lemuel and Samuel 5 married and had fam- ilies; many of their descendants are now living in Hancock and the neighboring towns. Lemuel 5 was a soldier in the Revolutionary War ; be was present when Washington took command of the army at Cambridge. He was disabled from doing military duty in the later years of the war by the bursting of a gun, which tore off bis left thumb. He married Sarah, daughter of Ebenezer and Esther (Hunting) Ware, of Needham, February Hi, 1702, and removed to Hancock the same year, where he was a useful citizen. Hi- oldest son, Lemuel 6 , was born Octoberl7, I7'J4. Lemuel 6 was a man respected by his townsmen, lie served several years on the Board of Selectmen, being a member of the board « Inn the separation took place between the town and the new town of Bennington (the other members being John [. Whittemore ami Samuel Knight). He married Eunice, daughter of Isaac and Mary K lhandler) Jewett, of Nelson, June 2, 1831. Their only child, Orland 7 , was bom Julj 11, 1836. He is on.' of the few men in town who retain tl Id homestead of the first settlers of the name. His advantages for education were such as forded by the common schools and the academy of his native town. He earl) developed a taste for historical and genealogical research. He was the prime mover lor the celebration of the centennial of the incorporation of bis native town, in 1879, and as chairman of the tow a history committee, ami a,- it- agent, he has been indefatigable. Without hi- persistent and earn- 362 IIHToKY OF HILLSROROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. est efforts the undertaking would have been a disas- trous failure. Letters have been senl :ill river the country, and a rich harvest of facts have thereby been garnered, which, in due time, will be given to the world. Mr. Eaton served four years as oneof the selectmen of the town, and "in- year as its representative to thi Legislature. He has held a commission as justii t the peace lor over fifteen year-. Desiring railroad facilities for the town, he drew up signed and circulated a petition to the selectmen for the eall of the town-meeting at which Hancock voted its gratuity to the Manchester and Keene Railroad. which vote decided the question in regard to the locality of the road, not only bringing it through Hancock, instead of Peterborough, but also making necessary the Peterborough and Hillsborough Railroad with the junction in Hancock. At the age of twenty-two Mr. Eaton united with the Congregational Church, and has been eithei a teacher in. or tin- superintendent of, its Sabbath-school nearly every year since that time. He was chosen deacon ofthe church in < (ctober, 1874. and has been re-elected by a unanimous ballot fur the same position, holding it at the present time. He married Almeda E., daughter of Sherburn and Hannah I Fnddl'-lbrd i Marker, ofHancock, November 21,1861. .Mrs. Eaton i- the seventh from Richard Barker, of Andover, Mass., — Richard ', Ebenezer 2 , Philemon 1 . Ebenezer 4 . Jessie . Sherburn 6 , Almeda 7 . They have no children ; an adopted child of much promise, Albert Orland, died dune 19, 1883. Rev. William Willis Hayward B.D., 1 the sub- ject of this sketch, was burn in Hancock, N. H , October 17. 1834. Eis ancestors were identified with the earlier colonial and Revolutionary history of Concord, Mass. Joseph Hayward, the fifth in regular descent from George Hayward, of Concord (1635-71), emigrated, with his wile, Rebecca, daughter of Colonel Charles Prescott, t.i 1 'lib] iii. N. II., and settled mi the shores oi that most beautiful of all the small inland lakes of that picturesque region. At the age of twenty Charles Prescott Hayward. burn in Concord, son "I' the above, settled in Hancock, where he sunn alter married Sarah Mason, of Dublin. Charles Hayward, the seventh from George, of Concord, burn February l'l'. L806 ; married Ann Lakin, November L5, 1833. Miss Lakin, we rind in the record, was the great-granddaughter <>t' William Lakin. the third man who settled in Hancock ; also the great-granddaughter of Moses Morrison, the second settler in Hancock. We find. 'also, that both the father and grandfather of Mis- Lakin — the mother of the subject of our sketch -were closely identified with the interests of the town fur a period covering Over hall a century. William Willis Hayward. bom October 17. 1834, lb -i by Rev. S Elliott Lie.- 1. D is, therefore, the eighth in descent from George Hay- ward, " ho settled in ( loncord in a. p. 1635. Before proceeding, let us go back to the earlier periud in the history of William Willis 8 Hay waul. We find that George 1 Hayward- estate yielded an income of five hundred and six pounds. — a large amount in those early days. In the direct line we find the name of Joseph", the third child ami second sun, who married Hannah Hosmer in L665, who died, when he married Elizabeth Treadwell, in 1667. The youngest child of this marriage was Simeon H.\ burn in 1683, who married Rebecca Hartwell. in 1705. The wife of Simeon lived to tic greal ag< of ninety -four. She died in 1776, Simeon having died in 171!' at a com- paratively early age. In the wife of Simeon 3 we have a connecting link between the colonial and Revolutionary periods of American history, in which Joseph' Hayward. the fifth son by the marriage of Simeon Hayward and Rebecca Hartwell, became a conspicuous character. He married Abigail Hosmer. His s.m Joseph married Rebecca Prescott, a daugh- ter of Colonel Charles Prescott. who was the leading man in ('uncord during the entire Revolutionary War.- The social positions <>f Colonel Pre-, nit wpre such in those times as to greatly enhance the value of a family relation possessed of so much military- tact and dash as Joseph Hayward displayed upon many trying ",;,asinn-. In th. French Wai he be- came noted fur his courage and skill. Soon after. when the storm of the Revolution had burst upon Lex- ington and Concord, Lieutenant Hayward. by his undaunted bravery, captured a British soldier after having slain bis two comrades with his own band. actually seizing from one of them a gun as it was pointed at his own person from the window of the rOODl » here they were concealed. He then sei/ed l| pull twu chaises in Cambridge, -lay ing a hostile occupant in each, and brought the chaises to Concord. 3 I, .hi I |.h Haywunl. Mt l'..iic-..rcl. 1:10- t tli it '•■•mil .ii \|.nl last, in the Figtal be took from the Regulars in Mod atomy, a Hon* mi. I Chaise The Chaise was owned b} Mi Reuben Brown, of Concord Whal remains in his bands ,- a mouse-colored U.'i-' in-iu I : 1 1 a n. I- Iii-I. ..M. | , i a. I .lull , - I 11. .1 uiiilt. Tawn- n\ "ii Imtli M.li-- . a u I I ami. -I Itnliiii: Ii.mi.I, I. pew I.ir ; mil- 1'illnn aula |n r Bed-Tick. Tlit, ..Mm a maj have them b; mark aii'l | ■' il.t- a.lv. a lis.an.iit.' Thus it will be seen that the subject of thi- sketch can boast of an ancestry of which any New Eng- land,! may well be proud. His early educational advantages were such as were at the time offered in the country towns of New England, supplemented bj some two years at the academies in Hancock. Peter- borough and Francestow ii, and one season at the New- England Normal Institute, in Lancaster, Mass. He taught in the country scl Is nine winters, and sub- -c.0..ii,.| I'r.s. ..tt lias tli,- am ill III l-ii.lli.il, Li.-. ■-- an, I was descended from sir. la - Pi n. i Standish Hull. England. ' :|| i I" the guns aptured «... -ml ,.« I byhia 9on in 1835. See „,»rrf. ) HANCOCK. sequently three terms in a private school. His suc- cess as a teacher was marked. At the age of twenty - one he was chosen as a member of the superintend- ing committee of schools in Hancock, and at later periods served one year as superintendent of schools, in Newfane, Vt. ; three years on the School Board in Keene, N. H. ; and one year as superintendent of schools in that city. He spent about two years in private study with Rev. Lemuel Willis, of Warner, N. H. ; was ordained as a Universalist minister June, 1859. Subsequently he spent two years at Tuft's Divinity School, and took the degree of l'..l >. in 1871. He has had settlements in Ncwl'ane. Vt.; Fairfield, Me.; in Wakefield, Acton, Methuen, Plymouth and Smith Framingham, Mass., and Keene, X. 11.. besides several short engagements elsewhere. His present residence is South Framingham. < Mi Si ptem- ber 7. 1859, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Ellen Chase, of Keene, X. 11., a daughter of Mr. Hosea Chase, a near relative of Hon. Salmon 1'. Chase, who for over twenty-live years, has ever proved an efficient helpmeet to him, beloved by all. He served a few months as chaplain of the Thir- teenth Maine Volunteers during the late war. and proved himself as oue willing to share with the soldiers in the perils of the field, as well as in the comparative safetj of the camp ami hospital. It was during the brief experiences of Mr. Hayward with the army in Virginia (now West Virginia) that he was joined by his wife at Martinsburg, then Sheri- dan'- base of supplies, who was winning greal and constant victories in the valley of the Shenandoah. The little army at Martinsburg, therefore, was the object of repeated and untiring attacks on the part of the Confederates, led chiefly by Mosl.v. the noted guerrilla. Mrs. Hayward reached Martinsburg, to the surprise of her husband, by a night ride from Baltimore at a time when firing upon the night-trains over the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad was a constant occurrence; and her whole sojourn with the army was marked by this same spirit that always captivates the soldier. She was a splendid horsewoman — so rare an accomplishment — and even appeared on the field. Nor did she fail to improve her opportunity to minister in a Christian, womanly way to the welfare of those with whom she met in the hospital. — writing letter- for the sick and wounded and taking care of money for their families, which she concealed in times of danger about her person. ' rod eared for her in the midst of many dangers. The length of this sketch only leaves room to add a few words as to the literary ability of the subject of this article as a preacher and lecturer, whose genial soul shows itself in all he does. With all his ability, — of no ordinary cast, — his heart is ever orthodox, in the truest sense, a- a preacher, and as a lecturer he is always welcome. His centennial address will be re- membered by all the citizens of Hancock, and also 2i the beautiful lecture on Longfellow by all who heard it. Town OFFICERS. i. - Roberl Duncan, - Rob. 1 1 Duncan, L7S2 Joseph Symonds, townclerk. i .- '-. i. h ,. town clerk, 178G.— Joseph Dodge, town clerk. 1787.— James Hoslcy, town clerk 17SS. — lusepli Syinonds, town i Ink. 17-'<— .lames l.uiieali, town . I'll, IT'.it.— .Ian.es Iloslev, tuu II i I. i 1 1792.-James Hosley, town clerk. IT'.i:;. — . lames Hosley, tou n < 1. i I. 17'.M.— Janies Hosley, town clerk. IT'.O I — Jamee Hosley, town . 1. ■ r k ; Samuel (l.n.loii, iviiresentaiiv 179G. — Ian ii'- Hosley, town clerk; Samuel Gordon, representative IT'.iT — .lam. - ll'.sk'V, town ■ I. rk ; Samuel Cui.Ii.ii. n|.i,— Mai i\ 1798.— James Hosley, town clerk ; William I'. kg, representath IT'.I'I. — .lames llosle\. t"\Mi ■ I'-lk . U ilh. un I 1 .!,."!,-. I' I'l-fi'lilativ 1 800. - James Hosley, town clerk William Brooki i presentath 1801.— James Hosley, town clerk Willi." B cpreeentath 1 sir,.— .lames Hosley, town clerk ; William Brooks, repreeentath I sin 1814 —.loll 1 .- 1 5 —Job Isle, -Joh 1817 — ,l"li l-ls Joh : , David Wood, town clerk; u illiam Bn oks, n pn sentative. L80C— Joseph Symonds, town clerk ; William Bi i iks, n pn •■ otative ImiT ,L.M|,li >\ m- -nds, town rh-rk ; William lln.uk-, re[,n>eiilati \>- 1S0S. — SallllH-l G.Ueg, tnuii clerk . Willi. mi lh'ooks, IT}. I. L809 ■ Sa el t.;it'->, town clerk ; Reed Paige, representative. L810 ' wpb Symonds, town clerk ; Reed Paige, repn 1>I i . - ,k - j.ii -\ in.-' .1- t-.\Mi i Ink ; \:<. *\ P.iige, representative. 1812. — Joseph Syi ids, town clerk ; Reed Paige, representative. irt., town .'I.mU, Thatcher Bradford, representa- .It.liii Whit.oinh, town rink; Thatcher Bradford ,1'iiili WhltCIIlli, 1"" li - I I k , Thatch- i i:i .-. -■( l.i ■John Wllitn.iuli. li.un clerk; Thatcher 1'iadtoid, n pieheLila- IslIL',— Ji'lm Whito>nih, town ■ Icik : \:i-l[- w Wallace, nprceiiNiti ve. ls_':;.— Julin Whihomh. town -i.Tk , Andrew Walla..-. ... IsJl.— J. .li li White iiiiIi, town ■ La k ; Aiidi.-w Wallace, representative. 1-j,' .|..|,n Wlntc.. ink. town . l-rk ; .h-e[, 1, Syrnomh i via v-.nla- tSliS. — J.mas Illlchiusun, town rink; Joseph S\m K i e,„ r-n:i;i- lhiChiti-si.il, low li i lerk , Thai. In r IJra.dl.inl. repn.-r-elita- 1830. — Jonas Huchinson, town clerk; Jo-eph Sym-m-i 1831.— Henry Whitcomb, town clerk ; Am..> Whitemore, repres uta- l.s:V_\— John Whitcnmh, town clerk ; Am- Whii.ni. n ■ L833. -John Whitcomb, town i li i : I r.-pie-nite.l l.y Hon. John [>mn'an, -.f Antrim, nio-r ..! the time. ■-' Rev, Reed Paige, the representative for 1816, died during the year, and l>avid Nahur was chosen to nil tie HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Is.;-!. — lolin \\ * j i T ■ I', t..wi 1,-ik: ,Kiii;h Hinlim-, ,, » i,n in .. i ■■■!., i i ii -mi, representa- Isia _J,,l in W] IIt , .ml,, i,, un , p., | v T(i;i| ; , Is:::.— J..liu Whitcomli, town clerk 1 Kendall Gray, representative. Is:;*.— John Wliitcoinli, town clerk : Ken. I. ill On, v. repi 1839.— John Whitcomb, ti wn clerk; Kendall Gray, representative ] -1 1.— John w 'iii, mb, town Lerk David Patten, ri pi IMi .— G !\.' 11 I'm- i .mi l>. ii '.'I. lepiesontative. 1 - u — i,,„„K...u ]:.,.., it, 1 .mi :.'k; ,....i-i...i- Baasett, representa- im:: —Joseph Davis, town clerk; EbeneEei Ware, representative. ivwn i-I.-rk ; Ahijah Hadley, representative, -Joseph Davis,' townclerk; Ibtfab Hadley, representative. —Kodney S. Lakiti, townclerk; Al.i.iah Hinll. \ —Joseph Davis, town 1 lerk . 'kirk C, I '...urn- 11, representative. 1'avis, town rl.Tk ; 1 link ('. I'.ontwell, representative. ' 111 1, town clerk; Joseph !>a\i-, representative. : 1, Davis, repireseiitative. Ambrose C. 1!1 1, town 1 lerk ; William Gray, representative Ambrose C. Blood, town clerk ; Willi ray, representative. Ambrose C. Ill i. townclerk; David ['.men, representative. Ambrosel'. Ill 1. l.,\\ i, , I.-ik ; HO lepi .selitati Ve. Ami. rose C. Bio, ..I. 1,1111 clerk : Benjamin Gi lime, represen- iwn clerk; Bel si I I'.l I. ton 11 clerk : Jos ph Knight, reprt ■.■main. 1851).— Ambrose C Bl I, town clerk Jose] Knight, re] ls'.n.-Aiiii.ro.e c 1:1 1, town.-ierl Isa S repi Mutative. 1861.— Ambrose C. Bl 1, town .-lerk; Asa Sim nds, 1 1 n sentative. Is.c —Anil. rose 1 111 1, t,,\\ii ,l.ik ; H Iran 1 t'nll.-i . 1 epr.-eiitativ e. - presentative. I-' 1 —An, I., I !■ ri. ; Mark X. Spal.li 1. . Is,,-, . ,-rk ; Marl, N S|,.,l.lnm |. ■[.!-. - 1,1.1- l.-ik ; lew 1- >> ml-, representa- |si...,-\,|,,l 1 ,lii,. 11. Tuttle, tow 1, clerk ; LeWI. ive. 18G7.— Adolphus D. Tuttle, town clerk; 11. -m. Knight, representa- 1868.— Adolphus D. Tuttle, town clerk; Avery M. Clark, representa- ive. 1869.— Adolphus D. Tuttle, town 1 lark, representa- 18T0.— Adolphus D. Tuttle, tow sentative. phUS li I'm II.- town , ■ ' ■ ■ - illative. 1872.— Adolphus I'. Tuttle, town derk : Joel Gates, represi ntative - , Iiiim-, 1. w 11 . 1. 1 1. : Lewi- Syim.ti.l-. leiiresentative. 1*74.— Joseph Davis, town cleric ; Andrew 11. St. rejireseiilative. IsT'.. — J.'SepI '-, ii ilew B. Stone. representative. 1876.— J .-epli Davis, town , l-.il. ... nlative. 1877.— Joseph Davis, town 1, rk . Joshua S. I. akin, repi 1878.— Adolphus I«. Tu i ,-, n. r, i, i,, representa- 1879.— Adolphus 1' Tu . bD .- -■■ B 1881.— Adolphus 1'. Tuttle, town clerk. 1882.— Adolphus D. Tuttle, town clerk; Charles G Matthews, repre- 1883.— Adolphus D. Tuttle, town clerk. 1884.— Adolphue 1' I i, town clerk ; William I >■,,„ i-., repre- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. JOSEPH DAVIS. Oliver, David and Jonas Davis, three brothers, came from Leominster, Mass., and settled in Han- cnek, N. II., in 17H4 or 1795, being the third gen- eration in this country. Eleazer Davis, their grand- father, emigrated from England about the year 1730. lie served in the French and Indian War. When ]ieaee »:i- declared, the body oftroops with which he was connected was discharged far away from white settlement, and on their way home many died foi want of food and clothing, subsisting for many days on bark, nuts and berries. Eleazer Davis made his way home successfully after enduring hardships and privations for many days, nearly famished, (.diver Davis, -mi of Eleazer, was also a soldier in the Revolutionary War. being mil' nl the .Minute-Men of those days. When the intelligence came that the British were marching to Concord, he shouldered his old musket, and was present at the battle of Hunker Hill, where, for lack of ammunition, they fought the red-coats with the butts of their guns. ( diver Davis, grandson of Elea- zer I lav is and son of (diver 1 >av is, Sr., was born in Harvard, Mass., May 12, 17(17; married Sally Pol- laid, l.v win. in he had sis daughters and .me son. After the death of bis first wife he married Relief Heath, by whom he had seven more children, — five -mis and two daughters. Having only a small farm ami a large family to support, he found it advisable to sell and buy one where he could farm more extensively by giving em- ployment to his buys and maintain his famiU easier. He was successful in selling his place iii Hancock, where he first settled, and moved to Acworth, X. H.. in 1822, where he lived until his decease, in 1851. 'Idie older boys were hired out. while the younger kept at home to help do the work on the home place. He exacted all the wages for labor of his boys till they became of age, when be would say, " Now, boys, I have nothing to give you; go and do the best you can and be g I boys," which was one of the best legacies ever bequeathed to children, for they all knew how to work, ami succeeded in getting a good living. Joseph Davis, the subject of this biographical sketch, was the fourth sun and tilth child of the sec- ond marriage, born in Hancock, Hillsborough County, January 14, 1813 ; lived at home till he was sixteen, when he wa> let out to work for Dr. Stephen Carlton, of Acworth. a man of high attainments, sound judgment and g 1 abilities, one win, stood high in his profession. He represented his town in the Legislature the two years he lived with him. It was during these two years that he obtained much useful information from those who had received ■■• ^ a. a>&*-^ he in a school-ri i giving instruction tp> the young. He followed teach- ing for ovcrthirtj years, from six to eight months each year. Being successful in his employment, his wages increased from ten to fifty dollars per month, including board. He taught the graded school in Milford, Wilton and Greenfield, also a select school at Hillsborough Bridge. He was employed to take charge of the select school in South Orange, Mass., two years, and the graded school in Lincoln, Mass., one year. During the thirty years as a teacher he had from fifteen hundred to two thousand different schol- ars, who went forth t < » different parts of the world to play their part in the great drama of life. In 1X40 he married Mrs. Eliza B. Wallace, widow of Dr. Jiphn Wallace, of Milford, N. II. She was young and accomplished, endowed with a strong and active mind and of high moral and intellectual . pol- ities. She was social, pleasant and dignified in every position she was called t * > fill. Thesickand distressed were objects of her care anil sympathy, never hesita- ting to go, when duty called, to watch with the sick or assist in helping to relieve the sorrows of those whose friends lunl died. Her maiden-name was Eliza Burns. She was of Scotch descent, being the third generation in this country. At the time Davis married her she had one son, by Dr. Wallace, by the name of John J. Wallace, who is now living in Peoria, 111. By the second marriage she bad two children, — Charles J. and Emma C. Davis. Emma C. ilicpl when two years old. Charles J. married Sarah Twiss, by whom he bad three children when she died. He never married afterwards ; went tp> Palatka, Ela., where he died July 2, 1883. Soon after Joseph Davis married he settled in Hancock, N. H., his native town, opened a store, where be continued in the mercantile business some nil years, and at the same time continued to teach winters, while his clerk carried on the trade of the store. In 1850 he sold out his Mop'k of g Is and pur- chased a small farm, devoting bis time to agricultural pursuits, still continuing bis school-teaching each year. He was elected town clerk, to which office he was elected eleven years at differeut times ; was chairman of the Board of Selectmen three years, town treasurer and superintending school committee fifteen years, and, in 1850 and 1851, was chosen rep- resentative to the General Court. Such testimony t < > his fidelity and ability by his friends and fellow-citi- zens was highly appreciated. He endeavored to dis- charge the duties of the olfices to which be was cho- sen faithfully and acceptably. He was employed doing business at the Probate Courts for many years in settling and helping others to settle 'states. He was appointed justice of the peace in 1851, and now holds a commission of justice of the peace ami quo- rum throughout the State, Thus, by his own exertions, industry, perseverance and economy, he secured bis own education, earned his own money, paid tor bis mvn schooling, aid. in fact, be is what we call a self-made man, ever social, pleasant and jovial with his friends and neighbors, and one lor whom they show much kindness ami respect. By strict adherence to the discbarge of bis duty when business called he has been able to accumulate suffi- cient means to enable him to pass the remainder of bis life with ease and comfort at his old homi Hancock, his native town, with bis friends anil f'cllow- citizens, passing quietly down the stream of life till he sleeps with bis fathers. HISTORY OF DEERING. GEORGE C. PATTEN. CHAPTER I. Deering is one of the border towns in the county, being bounded on the north by Henniker, which is in Merrimack County, and also by Hillsborough, the most northerly town in Hillsborough County. It is separated from Antrim, on the west, by Contoocook River, while Weare and Francestown bound it on the vast and south, respectively. The surface, which is broken and hilly, is divided, topographically, into three sections— the westerly, central and easterly por- tions. The three post-offices— West Deering, Deering and East Deering — also mark tln.se distinctions. Each section is separated from the other by high ranges of hills, extending mirth ami south quite through the town, the only break in them being utilized by the main mad leading f te section to the other. About one-third of the surface of the town, including the entire westerly portion, is drained by Contoocook River, the remainder forming the water-shed of the north branch of the Piscataquog River, which rises in this town. Its sources are Dudley Ton. I, in the northerly, and Gregg Pond, in the southerly part of lie town. The Dudley Brook, Mowing from the first- mentioned pond, unites with the one flowing from the latter near the easterly line of the town. These two ponds have a surface area of forty ami one hundred acres respectively. Mud Pond, situated about one mile west of Dudley Pond, flows into Smith Brook, which, after receiving Patten Brook, forms the Stearns Brook, the latter uniting with the Dudley Brook above mentioned. The Piscataquog Water- Power Company have lately come into possession by pur- chase of the mil! at tic outlet of ( Iregg I 'mid and the adjacent ftowage to the extent of three hundred acres, and have built a dam one thousand feet long and twenty feet high, having a flowage capacity of seventeen feet, at a cost, including the land damage, of more than twelve thousand dollars, li is intended to supply water to t lie mills located on the Piscataquog River between North Weare and Manchester when the supply from the natural sources fails or runs short. The water-shed of the reservoir, including the drain- age of the Lyon and Wilkins Brooks, embraces an 360 area of more than four square miles. Fulton 1' I, located one-half mile south-west from Gregg Pond, is the highest elevation of water in Deering, being nearly one thousand feet above sea-level. Its over- Mow runs south into Francestown. The old New Hampshire turnpike passed through the westerly section of the town, and is still the main traveled road. The old hotel of that period still dispenses hospitalities to the traveler that passes that way, through its venerable landlord, James M. Appleton. The extension of the Northern Railroad from Hills- borough Bridge to Hancock Junction passes directly through the old Cork muster-field. Here, for many years, during the palmy days of the old New Hamp- shire militia, were mustered, in the month id' Sep- tember, the troops belonging to the Twenty-sixth Regiment, comprising those able-bodied citizens, between the ages of eighteen and forty, from the towns of Hillsborough, Windsor, Antrim, Hancock, Francestown and Deering, for inspection and re- view. From early dawn until late in the afternoon tic ail resounded with the strains of martial music mingled with the shouts of the peddlers and hawkers Crying their wares. Here also might be seen the "razor-strop man," known from Boston to New Orleans, always happy in his numerous sales ami in tie- consolation of still having a"few more left of sort." The speeches and address.- of the reviewing officers were calculated to inspire the troops with the impression that it was not a burden, bul a privilegeand right, to bear arms; but, somehow, after years of successful application, the old militia law did become a burden, and. together with Cork muster bus become a matter of history. Geological Formation. — The principal rock for- mation is gneiss. No granite ledges fit for building purposes are known to exist within the limits of the town. A lew granite boulders have been found evi- dently deposited during the glacial drift. One of these, found on the Grimes place, now ow 1 by Win. Mc- Neil, is worthy of special mention, since it furnished the buildingstone for several of the earlier constructed farm-houses in the town. These old houses are all of DEERING. :;(i7 similar construction, as, for example, that one on the Grimes place; on the farm of Robert P. Cressey ; on the farm of Bartlett S. Brown; on the farm of Josiah H. Loveren, etc. A quartz ledge is developed on the farm of Rodney (love, and on land of Russell Tubbs, Esq., near the centre of the town, from which many fine specimens of crystallized quartz have been taken, A mine of plumbago on the farm of S. 8. Clement, Esq., was worked for several seasons ; but the vein or lode running constantly deeper into the hill, the en- gineering difficulties in working the mine became so great as to lead to it> abandonment. The ore was of excellent quality, and would have paid liberally for the working, had it not been for the above conditions. The whole, surface of the town bears marks of the glacial drift, the general direction of which was from north to south. The ridges of land extend in the same direction, the southerly slopes of which are smoother and better adapted to cultivation than the northerly portions of the same. The outlets or over- flow of all the ponds is in the same direction— from north to south. Clay-beds exist in the west part of the town, near the river; also on the farms oft reorge C. Patten, Bart- lett S. Brown and Horace 1'.. Cressey, from which brick were made to supply the wants of the earlier settlers. Proprietary Records.— Deering originally formed a portion of Society Land. This territory became the property of the Masonian proprietors in 1746, by the purchase of the Masonian patent. Previous to this purchase the land titles in New Hampshire had Inch subjected to much litigation and dispute. John Tuf- ton Mason, the original grantee of all the lands within the Province, died without entering into possession of them. After his death the dispute was still carriedon between New Hampshire and Massachusetts which claimed jurisdiction over the territory of the former, until finally settled by the arbitration of the crown in favor of the former province. The heirs of Mason then revived their claim and sold to a company of in- dividuals, mostly wealthy residents of Portsmouth and vicinity, all the right ami title of John Tufton Mason to the lands within the province of New Hampshire. The individuals or shareholders of this company were styled the " Proprietors." They commenced business in 174S by quit-claiming to actual settlers all those grants of" land made by New Hampshire and Massa- chusetts during the period of dispute, and making new grants in their own right. This policy secured to them the possession of the vacant lands with little or no opposition. A large territory bounded on the south by Salem- Canada (now Lyndeborough), Peter- borough and Monadnock No. 3, (now Dublin) ; on the north by Nos.6and 7 in the line of towns, so called I now Henniker and Hillsborough); on the west by Monad- nock Nos. 6 and 7, (now Nelson and Stoddard) ; on the east byWeare's Town and New Boston, was vacant land, — that is, not coveredby any previous grant. It there- fore became the property of this company, as above Staged. From the circumstance of its being owned in common, it gradually became known Land, and the name of Cumberland, which had been previously applied to it. fell into disuse. The pro- prietors caused a survey to be made of the whole ter- ritory in 1753, under the direction of Colonel Joseph Blanchard, and at a meeting of the proprietors held at Portsmouth, October 17. 17.".:;. Robert Fletcher, the surveyor who executed the work, made a report and presented a plan of the survey. The whole tract was divided into fifteen equal shares, corresp ling with the number of shares in the company. There were also fifteen river or intervale shares of live hun- dred acres each, laid out between the great tails, so called (How Bennington village), and Keyes Farm, (a small reservation of five hundred acres laid out on the Contoocook River, joining on the line of towns). The large shares contained on an average four thou- sand acres ; but where the land was not so good, more land was taken to make each share equal in value. The report and plan of the surveyor were accepted and a drawing of the lots took [dace. No. 1 was drawn by .Mark H. Wentworth ; No. 2, by Samuel Solly and Clement March; No. 3, by Colonel Joseph Blanchard, Nathaniel Meserve, Joseph Green and Paul March; No. f, by John Wentworth, Esq. ; No. 5, by Daniel Pierce and Mary Mo. .re; No. 6, by George Jaffery, Esq.; No. 7, by John Moffat, Esq. ; No. 8, by Thomas Wallingford, Esq.; No. 9, to the right of Jothara Odiorne, Esq., deceased ; No. LO, by Joshua Pierce; No. LI, bj John Thomlinson and John Tufton Mason; No. 12, by Thomas Packer. Esq.; No. 13, b> John Ringe, Esq.; No. 14, by Theodore Atkinson, Esq.; No. b\ by Hii hard Wibird, Esq. Nos. 1 to 7 were on the west side of I mtooeook River, while the remaining eight shares- -that is, from 8 to 15— were on the east side of the river. The river or intervale shares were num- bered with the same numbers as the large shares, from 1 to 15, and drawn with the same number, so that eaili shareholder held a large lot and a river lot numbered with the same number. From this date the laud comprising those shares became the private property of the individuals to whom thej were drawn. Big lots Nos. 11, 12. 13, 11 and 15, together with the portions of the intervale lots lying east of the river opposite to the former, became the territory of Deering in 1771. The westerly portions of 8 and 'J, together with additions from Lyndeborough and Peterborough, became Greenfield in 1791. Easterly portions of 8, 9 ami 10 became Francestown in 1772; 1, 2 and :i became Hancock in 177!»; 4, 5, li and 7 be- came Antrim in 1777. A small territory still re- mained around the great falls, bearing the name of Society Land until 1842, when it was incorporated into a town under the name of Bennington, receiving additions of territory from Deering, Francestown and Hancock. These six towns, it will be seen, bear a closer HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. relation to one another than any other towns in the State, with the exception, perhaps, of those that g^ew out of the ancient towns of Chester and Londonderry. First Settlement of Great Lots Nos. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. — For more than ten years subsequent to the survey of Society Land this portion of the same remained an unbroken wilderness, undisturbed save by the hunter and explorer. Great Britain, with her New England colonies, were gathering their strength for the final struggle which terminated in the capture of Quebec, in 1759, forever ending the Indian depre- dations which had devastated and retarded the border settlements. In 1701 those families who had com- menced a settlement in Hillsborough in 1744, ami fled on the approach of India:) hostilities, began to return and rebuild their ruined habitations. Weare, granted by the proprietors in 174'.i to Ichabod Robie and others, was being settled, and in 1765, John Tufton Mason sold to Samuel Robie, John Webster, Robert Graham, Matthew Forsaith, John Shackford, William White, Robert Mills, all of Chester, and Robert Moore, of Londonderry, all his right and title to one undivided half of big lot No. 11, in Societj Land, being two thousand acres, more or less, for the con- sideration of one hundred pounds. The same year, John Thomlinson, a merchant of London, gave Theo- dore Atkinson and Mark H. Wentworth, of Ports- mouth, power of attorney to set off or divide his share of the same lot from that of Mason. The parties in Chester, together with Robert Moore, of Londonderry, quit-claimed the northerly half of the said lot to John Thomlinson, through his attorneys, the said Atkinson and Wentworth; while the latter, for the said Thomlinson, quit-claimed the southerly half or moiety to the said Robie and others. The lot was surveyed by Daniel Nichols, afterwards a settler and citizen of Antrim. The northerly half, as well as the southerly, was divided into twenty lots, No. 1 joining the intervale lot on the west, and the numbers increasing in their order to 2b, which joined on Weare. The year 1765 is memorable in the history of the town as marking the date of the first settle- ment made by Alexander Robinson, on the farm now owned by William T. Smith, about two miles south Of Hillsborough bridge. At this period bears and wolves were numerous, and the hill beneath which Mr. Robinson selected a building spot for bis home, and where he lived tor many years, was the favorite haunt of the latter animal, and still bears the name of Wolf Hill. Tradition relates that a bear came down 'int of the forest one day and began a raid on Mr. Robinson's hogs. His wife, hearing the outcry, (Mr. Robinson being away from home), seized an axe and made such a vigorous onslaught on bruin as to cause him to beat a hasty retreat, leaving his prize to the weaker but lawful owner. William Forsaith came from Chester soon after Mr. Robinson commenced his settlement. He was the son of Matthew Forsaith, one of the purchasers of Mason's half of big lot No. 11. Mr. Forsaith settled the David Carter place, west of the David Wilson farm. There is good authority for the assertion that there were only three settlers within the limits of the town in 17C.7. Alexander Robinson and Wil- liam Forsaith were two of that number. Robert Mills, the son of Robert Mills, of Chester, who was also one of tin- grantees of the Mason moiety in No. 11, assisted the surveyor in subdividing the same into settlers' lots, marking the trees designated for the corners, and lor many years afterwards was considered as authority in settling any dispute or doubt that arose in relation to them. He settled on the Dawn Mills place, so-called, now owned by Wil- liam Colburn. William Aiken and Thomas, his brother, from Londonderry, settled on farms or lots adjoining the former, recognized as the Levi White place, and the latter as the Luther Aiken place. These lots are all in great lot No. 11, the three latter in the southern or Mason division. Samuel Ratten, in 17(17. commenced clearing up a lot in great lot No. 14, Atkinson's right or share, and. having erected his humble dwelling, came up from Marbh head, in 1768, with his wife and son, six years old, and made a permanent settlement, which la-ted without change during his lite, he dying in 1819. His son, whose name was Jonathan, grew up and served a term of enlistment in the Continental army during the Revolution. He died in 1832. His widow survived him nearly thirty years, drawing a pen-ion from the government. John Shearer settled a lot adjoining Samuel Patten's lot on the east, while Alex- ander Hogg settled a lot ju-t south of Patten's lot, in tin south range of Atkinson's right. William Mekeen settled on lot No. in in Atkinson's light, and in 1771, Elias Hassell received of Anthony Wibird and John Penhallow, heirs of Richard Wibird, who drew big lot No. 15, a settler's deed of one hundred acres of land in said lot 15, for tin- con- sideration of five shillings aud settling the lot. This lot was No. :: in the subdivision, and is identified as the farm where Alvah Gould now lives. At length, in 177 1, so many settlers bad c ime as to justify them in petitioning the General Court tor an act of in- corporation, aud James Betton, Esq., was chosen as their agent to present their petition. Their application was successful, and, in honor of Governor John Went- worth's wife, wdiose maiden-name was Frances Deering, the new town received the name of Deering. The act of incorporation is given below with some slight changes in orthography. LS. ■ Proviii uf \.« Hampshire. ' King, Defender of the faith, &c. I .-II I'. ..pi,- In Ml |. .in tin — - ]...-. nt- -hall ■ m„ , T J ri ■_; : 1 II' /,.,-. „v ,,ur li.val Inhabitants ufa Tract of Land wit hi it I'e.v. nee of New Hampshire aforesaid, commonly called an. I known by the i.e. 1 - IV I. ami. i ..htaihiu- l.v .•-tiiiiatlun about i-i\ mile- -.j.iaf. haohuinlilv |n-tti. .[nil ami Ki .|iu -ti-.l n-tliatth.y may I mmiiii i'•> and with the advice of our trusty and well beloved .hilin Wontworth. Esrir., our Governor and Commander-in-chief of our sai.l Provi and of our Council of the same, have erected and ordained, and by these pre - ..oils. I.,i us .,11.1 our Heirs and Successors, do will and order that the Inhabitants of said Trad of hand and others who shall improve and in habit thereon hereinafter, the same being hutted and bounded as fol- lows, viz.: Beginning at the Northwesl Corner of Francestown, from thence East to thi easterlj Bide line of the S tj Land so called; from thence North to the Cornel of the said Societj Land . from thence by the Baid Societj Land west, -rl\ t.. cm k Kiv.i 1 iidine ■ partly on the T. .mi- ..t ll.uiiiK.i and llillshorouch : from thence, as said Contoo- I, |; n , : ,,, . . i., ,- that an East line shallstrike the said North- ,,,.., Corner ofl ran i rtown . from thence by said East line to the Hounds first mentioned, be and they arc hereby declared to be a Town cup.. rat.. M the forever with : the Powers and authorities, privileges, immunities, and Franchises which any other Towns I said Province bj law liold and enjoy to the said Iiihnl.itaiits.il those v, h.. shall hereafter inhabit there and their Succes- sors forever, always r rving to us, our Heirs and Sui rs, all the white pine Trees that are or shall be found, being and growing within and upon the said Tract of Land fit for the use of our Royal Navy, Reserving also unto us, our Heirs and Successor-, the Powei ol dividing said Town when u shall appeal lessarj and i onvenient for the inhab- itants thereof, Provided, nevertheless, and it is hereby declared that this Charter and Grant is not intended, and shall not in any manner be i ■ strued, to affect the private property of the soil within the limits afore- " And as the several Towns within oni said Province are by the laws thereof enabled and authorized to assemble and by the majority of Un- votes present to choose all Officers and transact such affairs as in thesaid l.ms arc declared, We do by these presents nominate and appoint Wil- liam Clark, Bsqr., to call the first meeting of the Inhabitants to be held within the said 'town al any ti within Ninety days of the dab- hereof, giving legal notice of the time ■•e ■ a.l.se I Hie seal of ..in -aid Province to be hereunto affixed. Witness our afforesaid Governoi and Commander- in-Cheif the seventeenth day of January, in the t teenth year of our lei-ll, Anno. pie llolllilli. 1774. 'By his Excellency's and with advice of ( "Recorded in the Hook of Charters No. I, Folios 183, 184 and Is;.." ( lomplj ing with che above conditions of the charter, the first town-meeting was called by the said William Clark, and held at the house of Alexander Robinson, inn-holder. (A list of town officers is given in another column, to which the reader is referred. It extends from the firsl town-meeting in 177-1 to 1885.) It was voted at this town-meeting that " the Selectmen be a committee to settle with Esquire Betton for obtaining the charter of said town." It is also worthy of note that from this town-meeting up to 1819, which marks the date of the Toleration Act by the Legislature, money was raised at every town-meeting for preaching. i A short church history will be found in another column.) The laying out of highways through the new settlements within the limits of the town re- ceived the first attention of the selectmen. As a specimen of the description and form of recording the laying out of those primitive roads, the following transcript is copied from the town records, and is the earliest on record : ■ [leering, April •''. '■■ ' > Trail", npl ■ I a High Rodswidi Beginning al Wear.- line, west of Eno. thence ltuimim: west Bearing smith until it comes land ; then... we-t a- leal .- tie .- -and will allow- true I! id. A road, the record of the hiving of which bears the same date as that of the above, was laid by William McKeen'sto Hillsborough ferry, located tiearlj op- posite the residence of the late Reuben Loveren, Hillsborough Bridge. At length a bridge was con- structed across the river above the ferry, when' tin- stone bridge now stands, and September 6, 177!', the town voted "That there be a Road opened to meet y' Road hailing from y e Bridge in Hillsborough in Ex- change for y" one leading to y e Ferry during the Continuance of said Bridge." This structure was called by the people who used it " the Bridge," and was as much used or utilized by the inhabitants of 1 Ber- ing as by those of Hillsborough. The name bridge s i became associated with the place or locality, which was, therefore known as "Hillsborough Bridge." This growing manufacturing village, which properly begins at Eillsborough line, on the south, about one-third of a mile from the stone bridge, is the principal market for produce and lumber of a large portion ofDeering at the present time. The war-cloud of the Revolution was gathering over the Xew England colonics, culminating in the battle of Lexington, on April 1!!, 1775. Leering, it will lie seen iii another place, was represented there by one of her settlers, and, when culled upon the nexi year to join the Association Test, which was virtually an act of Independence several months earlier than the act or Declaration assumed by ('enure--, n-\ led with the following signers: Clark, Aloxaii.loi Ib.bin-oii. .l.-.-ph Robinson, William Bradford. Thirty-three, comprising the names of all theciti; ens of the town tit that time not lunatics or paupers, with the exception of the names of two, who were report! d as refusing to sign, viz.: John Bartlett, Jonathan Straw. It is not to be inferred that these two men were Tories because they did not sign with the rest of their townsmen. They might have held c scit ntious scruples against bearing arms or withheld their names from motives of policy or timidity, although friendly to the American cause. The next year, 1777, on the HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. news of the advance of Burgoyne, Nenian Aiken, with eighteen men from Deering, marched to the relief or defense of Ticonderoga; but, hearing that the fort had been evacuated, be returned with his men, being absent and in the service three days, [n this cam- paign against Burgoyne, Benjamin Bradford, of Deering, served under General Stark at the battle of Bennington us second lieutenant. The next year, 177s. we find Nenian Aiken serving as lieutenanl under General Sullivan in the defense of the New England coast against the British fleet. The records of the town throughout the war show that the in- habitants contributed their full share towards keeping the Continental army supplied with men either from their own borders or by hiring substitutes from other places — paying their war taxes in specie or supplying beef and grain. The depreciation in the paper cur- rency may be seen in a vote of the town at the annual meeting in 1781, at the house of Alexander Robinson, when it was "voted that live thousand pounds be raised to markeand repair highways" — in New Hamp- shire currency, sli;,r,i;ii.iii:-. a pound being $3,831. it was also vi 1, at the same time, to allow twenty pounds per day for men and oxen. The next year the price per day for men and oxen for work on high- ways was fixed at tour shillings per day for men and oxen, which indicates the return of confidence bj the people in the financial condition of the country, or under the pressure of the law which was enacted at this time to regulate the currency. So great was tin- distress for money to pay war taxes that an effort was made to tax corn raised on burnt ground: but the town, at their annual meeting, failed to sanction the scheme, and it was abandoned. We are not able at this time of writing to give a complete list of the names of those who served in the Continental army ; some of them will be found in the general genealogical list, — while many were hired — not citizens of I >< ■ i ing, ■ the agents of the town to till their 1 quota, as in the late Civil War. Captain Nenian Aiken, one of the most prominent citizens of the town from its earlier settlement-, re- moved West about the year 1 T i •« » . selling his homestead to Abraham I e,\ e. A return of the ratable polls to the General Court of New Hampshire, for the year 17S3, by the select- men, Evan Dow and Abram Gove, numbers them at eighty-six. The return is indorsed as follows: " Di i i'.iv.. Decern' y> 16, 1783. In 1785 a dispute between the town of Wcaiv and the " Proprietors," in relation to the westerly line of Baid town, was settled by the court in favor of Weare. The territory in dispute was about two hundred and fifty rods wide on the south end, ami three hundred at the north, extending the whole width of Deering, adjoining Weare. By the decision of the court in this lawsuit Deering lost from her territory about two thousand eight hundred acres, as will be seen by the following petition and certificate: — '• 'IV. tlit- H..iit.a- Senate An.l II. .use of Representatives in and for the Stat.- of Now Hampshire, lour Petit -rs humbly Sheweth. -' li/,. re... the Proprietors of the town ,.f Peering, in tie- County ol Hillsborough, have given up To the Town ol Weare a Cerl Trad oi Xou-lniprove.i Land, an.l said Proprietors of Peering have Denied pay- ; i ■ I Land f,.t the year 1 7sb, And slid hand Being Inven- toried an.l Returned To the Hon 1 ' 1 ' General Court as Belonging to the town >t l'r.-i in-, as it may Appear hereafter, Therefore, we hiiinl.lv pray your Honours would be pleased to Al.ate the taxes for the years 1786, 1787, on -aid Land, 01 anj part thereof, a- your Petitioners are in Duty Ever Bound to r....\ "Evan P.. w, ] Select "AtK.XAM.r.K-vVn.soK, \ of -■ Thom is Mi mala., J Deering. ■■ Deering, June P\ itst." In 17!>7 a library association was incorporated by an aet of the Genera] Court, on the petition of Robert Alcock, Thomas Merrill. Thomas Aiken, Wm. Aiken. Wm. Forsaith, James Shearer and their associates. For many years the members kept up their organiza- tion ; but it long ago became extinct, although some of the books are still extant, — useful only to the antiquary and 1 k-collector. No school-houses were erected until 1806, or about the time the pr< sent school-district system was adopted. Previous to this period the schools were carried on. like the religious meetings prior to 1790, in private dwellings and barns. Money was voted sparingly from 17*:! everj subsequent year for schools; but with the proviso that, if not used, it should be turned into th,- town treasury. In the year 1790 the town voted " No more draw-backs on school money." To the influence of the minister- associated with the church formed in 1789 must be credited this change of feeling in the people in regard to education. The towi ver receded from the vote of 1790, but have kept increasing their appropriations for the support of schools to the present time. The prescribed limits of this paper have already been exceeded. The indulgence of the publishers only permits us to add the following memoranda of the weather, etc.: The history may properly be said to close with the year 1800. The year 1800 was noted as a period of heat and drought. Much sickness prevailed. October 7, 1804, snow fell to the depth of a foot. Potatoes, tipples, together with some patches of corn, were covered by the snow. Many parties picked their best, or winter fruit on the Sabbath, in order to save enough for winter supply. January 19, 1810, is noted as the cold Friday. No snow was on the ground; but the intense cold and high wind rendered it a day long to he remembered. The mother of the writer litis often related that she started for school on the morning of that day, residing at that time in Weare, but was soon forced to seek the friendly shelter of a neighboring habitation to pre- vent herself from perishing in the cold, her kind neigh- bor accompanying her back tothehon I her parents. \o snow fell, it is said, until the hist of February. The winter of 1X11-12 is on record as very severe. During the winter the spotted fever appeared, bul was said nut to be so prevalent in Deering as in An- trim,— the Cont wok River seeming to form a barrier in checking the ravages ofthe disease. September 15, L815, is the date of thi which swept over a portion of New England. Many of the old-growth forests, on the hills and other localities, exposed to the wind and rain, which were from the southwest, were prostrated, compelling or ac- celerating the clearing up of many hill-topsand slopes, which would other wise have remained in forest-growth. The year 1816 was long remembered as the cold season. Hardly sound corn enough was raised to supply the wants of the farmers, t'< »r seed to plant the ensuing year. The spots on the sun, it is related. could be seen by the naked eye. The year 1826 is known as the grasshopper year. A long protracced drought favored their growth and increase, so a- to cause the destruction of the grass and grain crops, b. iving very little for the tanner to harvest. August 28th a heavy rain occurred which washed the grasshoppers into the small streams in such quantities that bushels of them could be gathered on tie banks i.l the same after the subsidence of the flood. 1852, K".:; and 1854 were very dry years, the latter noted for hush and forest-fires. \ greal freshet in the spring of 1852 caused great damage to the mills, highways ami bridges. The murder of Keeland Chase, in 1860 degn f excitement hitherto unknown to the inhabit- ants <>i Deering. He was found in his barn with his skull fractured. An inquest was held over his body, hut no verdict was ever rendered nor any one arrested for the crime. July 25, 1881, thunder-storms passed over the north- erly portion of Hillsborough County, causing the de- struction of many buildings by lightning. During the night following the barn of Carleton Clement. Esq., was struck by lightning and consumed, his house and other buildings being only saved by the exertions of the neighbors, who came to the rescue by dipping up buckets of water in the d --yard adjoining the blazing barn, supplied by the torrents of rain which fell at the same time. The lights of other tires in adjoining towns, which were visible during the lulls of the storm, together with the circumstances above de- scribed, rendered it a night never to be forgotten. The murder or assassination of Edmund Wood, on the 18th of August, 1883, within a mile of hi- home. while returning from Hillsborough Bridge, caused much feeling and excitement, which extended to the adjoining towns. Suspicion at once fastened on Nathan Brown, the neighbor of the murdered man, as the perpetrator of the foul deed, and he was ar- rested and tried at Manchester before a jun - for this special case. The jury failed to agree, sev< n. ;• is said, ot i..' ■" ai quittal and ti- e foi com iction. The able counsel tor tin- prisoner, Hon. ( 'baric- Burns, very pointedly remarked in his plea before the jury, ■ The |n isoner was soon to appear before a limber tri- bunal from which there is no appeal." This remark has I n verified. Nathan Brown expired June 9, 1885, from a stroke of paralysis, making no confession or implicating himself in any way with i in the crime. [n conclusion we may say Deering has always will remain an agricultural town ; butit can be -aid to her credit that she has paid liabilities, in- cluding tl • of the late civil war, to the amount of more than thirty thousand dollars, raised by taxation, and i- to >w substantiall) out ot' debt. Church History. — The history of the church in Deering is so thoroughly identified and interwoven with that ofthe town, especially in the earlier portion of the same, that it is difficult to draw the line be- tween them. Deering, like many of her sister-towns, drew her first settler- from the earlier Scotch-Irish settlements of Chester and Londonderry. Not a few of them were born in Ireland, emigrating to the latter towns, and then, after a short stay, removing to settle in Deering. They carried with them the religious belief- and tendencies peculiar to those people, and no sooner had they established themselves in their humble homes than they made provision according to their means for having public worship. These meetings were held in private dwellings and barns. From three to six days' preaching were all the town was abh to pay for during the first decade in the historj of the town. The town voted in 177'.' "to settle a minister ai a convenient season." No minis- ter, however, was presented with a call for ten years afterward-. A movement was made in 1780 to erect a meeting-house. Nothing came about, however, imiiI 1786 when the town voted to build a house fifty-five feet lone, forty-five feet wide, two stories high, with a convenient porch at each end. Two years previous to thi- vote a dispute arose in relation to the location of the nieeting-hou-e, the centre ofthe town being found, by a committee chosen for this purpose, after an actual survey, to be near where the tild of Albert Gregg are novt located. The in- habitant- of the town not being aide to agree upon this locality to set the meeting-house, it became to petition, through the selectmen, Evan Dow and James Whitaker, the General Court lor a committee to locate the same. Captain Joseph Si- inond- John Duncan and Robert Wallace were ap- pointed June 12. 17*4. This committee attended to their duties, and July 5, 17*4. reported a- follows: i.e. :.] |..,i.i. ■! i 1 1 1 ..- the place to build ;. meeting-house insaidTown meet, and lj»-n m.-.mii- tie V Arguments, Report that Eastofthi eutor; about 15 Rods South-East of James Shearei -I. use, on Elifelet Merrill's tote, and ab.mt tiv Rod- Suth of the Road through the Centor of Range's Right, said Ha. • being Marked, whii h is submitted by the Committee. - PH SYMONDS, , HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The next year. 1785, the town voted to petition the General Court to giant a tax on the non-resident lands within the limits of their territory (many of the proprietors or their heirs still holding large traets which were constantly increasing in value). This was done through the selectmen, Nenian Aiken, Alexander I ircgg and Samuel Anderson. An act was passed November 4. 17s">, granting a tax of one penny per acre on all lands, except those owned by Quakers. The town voted in 17*7 to .dear the lot selected for the meeting-house, identified as the place where the town-house now stands, including the common above. At the annual meeting in March, 1788, the town voted to layout the certificates in the hands of the committee tor underpinning the meeting-house for Lumber, etc -■\.,ie,l. also, that each Surveyor >>f highways ei ■ with all his hands In his Districl i ..xiii- an .1 laviiii: out the atone for rnderpinilig the Me.'titig-h.iise. ami that the s. 1. rt M.-u appoint the day for each Surveyor to work in his "Voted, to Raise 4-i Dollars, or twelve pounds, to be paid in Grain, Uye at four shillings per hush., and Indian corn at three shillings per Imsh., to buy Nails— tin- ('..nutiil tee fur pre pat nm 1..1 i: umiu th. \|. , t- ing-house to purchase the same. At an adjourned meeting, held March 18th, the same year, the town voted to purchase tour barrels of rum tor raising the meeting-house, and the committee pro- meal of victuals tot spectators on the town's Cost. pa] -i\t> Dollars' worth of the Grain for Raising the Meeting-house by thi first day ol H;n . \t, 1 tl thcr hundred dol- lars voted to be paid in Grain at or before the fifteenth of August next. .■ii have said (.[.im at Ll. Alex', i.iv-i; -. Ml. Thomas Merrill's or ('apt. Robert Aim. k's." There not being considered a sufficient number of men competent to assist in the raising of the meeting- bouse frame within the limits of the town, invitations were extended to the adjoining towns for help. The call was responded to, and on the day appointed Un- people of the town assembled, together with those invited from outside, and the body of the house frame was raised the first day without accident, leaving the roof to be raised on the following day. Those from out of town were quartered for the night among the inhabitants, each one taking one or more of the strangers, accordingto their means of accommo- dation, and on the following day the raising of the frame was completed. It was not until two years afterwards, however. 1790, that the house was closed in, and the pews put in, and the whole structure placed in a suitable condition for religious worship. Rev. Solomon More, of New Boston, and Rev. Jon- athan Barnes, of Hillsborough, organized the first church in the year 17*'.'. The Congregational form of government was adopted. It was, as is alleged, constituted of nine persons, all males, — five bj letters from other churches and four by profession. The town voted to extend a call about the -anif time to Rev. Mr. Gillet to settle with them at ninety pounds, as a setl lenient, and sixty-live pounds as an annual salary. The call was not accepted, and after a lapse of two years the form of church government was changed to Presbyterian. The town also voted tit this time to give Rev. Dan- iel Merrill a call by a majority of two. The church did not acquiesce in this call; hut Mr. Merrill was employed for a season to preach, and under his labors fifty persons were added to the church, the most ol whom were heads of families. After five years under the Presbyterian the church returnedtotheirorigin.il ( "iigrcgational form of government. In 1798 the church extended a call to Rev. Chris- topher Page to settle as minister. The town acquiesced and voted Mr. Page seventy pounds salary and twenty- five cords of wood, or eighty pounds exclusive of the wood. Although .Mr. Page did uol accept the call, he preached here for a time. For two years after Mr. Page removed the town voted, respectively, one hundred and one hundred and fifty dollars to hire preaching; but it is uncertain whether those sums were expended for that purpose. No steady supply of the pulpit was secured after Mr. Page's departure until 1800, when Mr. David Long received a call, which he did not accept, al- though he preached a lew months. In 1801, Rev. Mr. Sleigh was invited by the town to become their settled minister. The church was opposed to his settlement, while the majority of the town strongly favored him. Through the agency ot certain ministers, it is said, another church was formed, over which Mr. Sleigh was installed. He continued his labors with this church until lso7. when he was dismissed at his own request, and his church soon became extinct. Inthemean time the old orthodox church had kept up its organization by having occasional preaching and the administration of the Lord's Supper. The town, from thi- time up to 1819, as has been stated elsewhere, raised annually small sums of money to hire preaching. The year 1819 marks the date of the passage of the Toleration Act. The men who labored here alter the removal of .Mr. Sleigh were Rev. James Richards, afterwards a foreign missionary. Rev. Jabez Fisher supplied the pulpit for about five years. During his labors fifteen were admitted to the church by profession. After his re- moval there were only occasional and interrupted supplies until 1829, when Rev. Eber Chi Ids became pastor of the church, until dismissed, by his own re- quest, in 1834. Rev. Peter Holt succeeded Mr. Childs in 1835, con- tinuing bis connection with the church as pastor until 1840. After a period of three years Rev. William Rich- ardson was installed. He was dismissed, at his own request, in 1*47, in consequence of an affection of his eyes He removed to Manchester, N. H., and be- came interested in real estate, thereby acquiring a large property, Both he and his wife, an estimable DEERING. lady, are deceased, leaving no issue. Rev. Edmund Burt labored here two years after Mr. Richardson^ departure. He was succeeded by Rev.Wm. Gale, who remi I three years, during which period be succeeded in or- ganizing an academy, which has been at various times quite an effective means of education to the youth of the town. Rev. James W. Perkins, to whose article in the "New Hampshire Churches" we are indebted for some portions of this sketch, began his ministry with this church in 1854. After Mr. Perkins' ministry, which was closed on account of his feeble health, Rev. Mr. Nutting supplied the pulpit for one year, followed by Rev. Samuel Gerould in 1859, suo ei ded 1 >> Rev. E. F. Abbot. Rev. Morris Holman preached to this church for Beveral years, and in 1877, Rev. A. B. rainier was the stated supply; in 1878, C. 1 1. Taintnr ; no meeting in 1880; in 1881, H. C. Cowell, also in 1882; in 1883, Rodney ('. Cochran; in 1884, George A. Dickey. The organization of this old church has become extinct or nearly so. In 1829 the old meeting-house was abandoned as a place of worship, the orthodox society building a new one a few rods farther to the north, within the limits of the common. At this time there existed ipiite a numerous class of people at the easterly part of the town— Methodists, Free-will Baptists, eti who had no place of worship. They made a propo- sition to the town, at a special meeting called for the above purpose, to finish up the old bouse and occupj it for public worship. The town voted to relinquish their right to the old house and give the new society three hundred dollars towards the expense of build- ing a new town-house, provided the latter incurred the remaining expenditure. This proposition would probably have been accepted, but a new and unex- pected opposition now arose. Many of the pew- owners in the old house refused to give up their right and title, although no longer occupied by them. The meeting broke up with much ill-feeling on the part of both parties, ami a society was immediately formed at Eas1 Deering, under the name and title of tin- Free Salvation Society, and in December, 1829, a plat of land was purchased of James or Amos Peaslee for a church site, and the next year Mr. Reuben Lov- eren built, by contract, the church now standing at East Deering, as he had the one at the Centre the year before. For many years the Methodists and Free-will Baptists held, alternately, meetings, and also the Universalists, who owned a share in the house. The Baptist and Universalist societies ha\c l-c ■ extinct, while the Methodist society hold- regular meetings every Sabbath, A. B. Russell being the present pastor. Burying-Grounds. — On the easterly -lope of Wolf Hill, in full view from the little village of the Centre, which it overlooks, is located the old burying-ground which marks the last resting-place of many of tiie first settlers of Deering. tradition points out a spot in the southeast corner of the grounds where the skeleton of a man was discovered lying beneath a fallen tree. \n axe near by and several felled trees, inclu- ding the one which rested on the body, indicated that he had commenced a clearing, interrupted by the accident through which lie lost his life. The dei r- skin breeches he had worn were recognizable, but no trace of his identity was ever found, and his remain- were interred near the place where they were found. He was supposed to be some fugitive from justice or a deserter from the tinny. It soon after occurred to the settlers to use this locality as a burying-place for their dead, and on September 15, 1783, the town voted "to give Bray Wilkins seven dollars for Clearing and fenc- ingthe graveyard according to law." This old bury- ing-ground is full of graves, with but few headstone-, and the names of most of those interred there must be forever unknown. A burying-ground was laid out in the eastern part of the town on the south end of lot No. 13, Ringe's right. At the annual meeting in 1785 the town voted " that Nat' Cove have four dollars and three-quarters for clearing and fencing the same." In 1811, John llogdon, of Weare, gave to the town of Deering one-half :m acre of lam!, li the west part of the town, by the side of the old turn- pike, for to he used as a burying-ground, Ebenezer Gay, David Ellingwood, Samuel Morrill, the commit- tee chosen by the town, giving bonds to fence and keep in repair the same forever. These conditions have been complied with up to the present time and the area of tlie original grounds enlarged. In 1851 a inn burying-ground was laid out near the church at East Deering, and which has lately been enlarged. In 1825 the town purchased of Isaac Wilkins about one acre for a burying-ground. It is located on the farm of Andrew Wilkins, No. 7. in the south range, Packer's right. These ground- were enlarged a tew years ago to meet the necessities of the population in that part of tic town. R Ucock, about the year 1809 or 1810, laid out a family burying-ground near the residence of the late Luke Otis, giving at the same time a plot of land adjoining the same as a public burying-place, pro- vided the town would assume the expense of fencing. etc. The proposition was accepted, and large addi- tions have been made to it by private enterprise, the hitter additions being utilized by the population of Hillsborough Bridge, one-third of a mile distant. Notices and Genealogies of the Earlier Settlers of Deering.— Alexander Robinson, the first settler of Deering, settled on the farm now owned and occupied by William T. Smith. This farm is in the south range of Ringe's right, or No. ]::. We can find no trai eof hi- famih . Cut we learn from the town records that he offered the town his property, provided the 374 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. latter would take car% of himself and wife. The proposition was not accepted. William Forsaith, said to be the second settler in Deering, came from Chester. He settled on the Lot west of that tit' the David Wilson farm, which is in the north range of the great lot or right No. 11. He married Jane Wilson, sister of David Wilson, who settled <.n the lot east of tin- above-described lot. His children were, — Mathew, win: married Jennie ^1 ' > \\ Ilium, w I... nmi i i.'.l ■ !;.■-..■, JiMin I,\ i,d-h,.i . .11 - li Maty, whn married llu.-li M..i. . ■■! I'i aiire>tou n. l'l Jame, 1m] -:illh, wli.. mall led Nam V ]'o|>:iilh, ,d Hi.'-LM 10 I orsaitli main. -J \.i >in i I'mtteih, Id. ..i (;...ff-t"\v:i Jenniemarried Jonathan 1: ,:: ■ . ■. i 1. 'il«i..wn Esther married Reuben w il-.n, ,,! N. m Hilton Robert married Nancy I'aulwcll, s. Sarah married Reuben Page, ol Wears. ■ ■/ ,f,,„,,rl,.i„ ,,„.! \,ii,,-»i !'"< f,.uth. William Foi>aiil, twi .- m .omd.— first tn Lydia Downing; nd, rgts, Cbildr.-n l.\ tu-t mania- ,- Marill 1 Charli - Cod man ; sec i, Ja - Richards, ol Goffstown ; Ursula married S Dow Wyman, of Hillsborough, tti Forsaith has resided iu Deering whole of his active and useful life, and, alt! Id, -till retains his fa- tilth a so as to relate m u.\ im idente win. h l.,nk pla- -■ 111 In- - ill} lit".-, aii-1 consa-.juently in tin' earlier hi>l"iy of the town, Herein i that his grandfather, William 1 . 1 ., < hi rti ' I- bis farm in Deering, a task that n. t niaiiv v«i died tin 1 ■■ N,i,.mi married I>;i\ id ' ■ I \\ illiam Mi_Feisi.ii. Woldend married in M dne Emiline married Jeremiah M.-nrn-r. J.-siah marn.il in U.ni .1 i- iil.-v ; :■■ IV;i.'. 1/ ■ md Jt :!<"■ Forsaith r\ William Forsaith married 1 'a the mm K <>s< . . >f" l.\ ndehm. ■ \l \andria. N. H. Mar . iMiih.l I I « j U M"iv. ,if liancstOWli. David married Nairny Mill*, daughter of Robert Mills, 1 -I Betsy Wilson, daughter of Uexandei Wilson, who set- tled the farm now occupied i>\ William Forsaith. Margaret married Samuel Bell. Lucinda married John Wilkins. Ziba removed to New Jfork • j rus removed w est. Dai i i si ttli >i in Stoughton, Mass. Sallj man led Hi >a. e Grove ■: 1 1 Mathew married Elzira Wilkins. !:■■>"■ airi. -1 M.uv \ Fii-^ ith ; died in the war ■■ Mini in i 'ahtoiiiia. .lames, mimai ri.-d . n.-si.h- 111 I ■, Squire uiari led I olby . residi - in Antrim. Warren lives in the Wesl Horace married a daugh ter of John Gage; resides in Manchester, N II. Samuel Patten settled the farm now occupied by Joseph N. Gove and Gteorge C. Patten. He bought three adjacent lots of land — viz., Nos. 20, '2\ and 22 — in the smith range of the Atkinson right, the last- numbered, lot 22, being his first purchase, and is worthy of notice a> beiny. the earliest deed to actual settlers found on record of land within the limits of the town. The date of the deed is April 10, 1770. It is tin- only deed of land in Deering recorded in Rock- ingham County. He married Pr is cilia More in Ire- land; came to Marblehead, Mass., in 1766, his wife joining him in 1768 with a child six years old, and removed the same year to settle on the above- described lot. Children oj Samuel Patten. Jonathan, born in Ireland, married Abigal Blood. John died unmarried. Samuel Patten married Hannah B ■-, »i l*><\>, of Londonderry. Betsy married Aaron Travis. Pollj died unmarried. Jesse married Tolly *.vw ; settled in IleimiUer, N. II. lil Patten. Esther married Hiram Ilnni ; settled in Neport, N. H. David married Alme Tnhh- : cftled in Hancock, X. U. Jo ban married Phila Hurd. M;.i\ mat i Led Edward Chase. Abigail married l>a\id Wilkin- Eliza married ];, v. Eh.mv.r-i ' ha- - uj S Im J. din married Mary Kimball. Samuel married Lydia Whitaker. Sophronia married Henry i odman r g. i Patter Eliza died mimai i i."l Alonzomarrie i I Mi lisBa mai i ■ Priscilla married I'aniel II. -k Jes-i' married Sarah 1 ... > Samuel married Hannah Lacy. Mary married Caleb Philbro '■ Oilman married Lncretia l .row a Reuben married Eunice Steal as ' 'hildren • I Jonathan ■ ' PkUa Patten N\ ih. mai il<-d Ji.si pb Stearn-. Jr. I'hila married I»a\id i'ha>e ; settled in Henniker, N. II. .1 Benjamin Martin d IM ward mat ried M n \ > ..nalit . Mim-ved West. Sarah married Mark Pe islet . d< o ased John remcved West and married there. i 'Im'.Im'm -•'' ,'..//» n,,, I M<nd Lnrij A. Patten. William H. Patten married Vehma E. Hod-e. Helen L. Susie II. man i- .1 \ i thi n S II I, Manchester, N. H. Note.— The family of George 0. Patten are all that remains of the Pattens in Deei William McKeen, one of the first settlers of Deer- ingj was the son of Samuel McKeen, who settled in Amherst, N. H. His father was a brother of James McKeen, of Londonderry, known as Justice McKeen. The ancestor of the McKeens was James McKeen. who lived in Ireland. He was a zealous Protestant and took part in the defense of Londonderry. He had three sons, — .lames. John and William. The wife of John, whose name was Janet, had by him four children, — James. Robert, Samuel and Mary. He intended to emigrate with his brother James, but died DEERING. 375 before the embarkation. His widow, however, with her four children, came over with the other emigrants. Her son Samuel, as above stated, had by his wife, whose aame was Agnes,a numerous family. William was the sixth son, and married Ann Graham or Grimes, a sister of Francis Grimes, one of the earlier settlers of Deering. They had six sons and four daughters, — John married Ann RaniBy, Greentiel. I V II. David married Nancy Ferscn, Deering, X. II. Robert married Sally Barnes, I ring, N 11. William, Jr., married Lydia lla.ll.~k, Deering, N 11. Muses never married. Samuel never married. Rose married Clough, Whitefield, X. II. Mary married Withington. Betsy married William McNeil, Rockingham, Vt. mai I. Agnes never married. Children of Willi Jr., and Lydia McKeen. Walter married Leonora Gould, Hillsborough, X. II. Albert married Vienna Paine, r- llingbam, Mass. Nathan main. '.I Susan Iliil.l.aid. ' an li '. V H- Levi married lane- Ma— j Saahua, S II J. C. Dodge died young. Sarah married \. W. Dickey, Deering.N. II. Child Uberl and Vienna McKeen. Frank A. married Clara Bowers. Susie A. married G - ge H. Andrews. Mary E. marriedJ. N Ind) » If Keen. Leonard married vngeliue Di.-kev. I rue. N. II Elbridge inane- 1 Bret, Jane Colbj second, — Colbj Ailaline married Galusha Smith, Boston, Mass. Note.— The name of McKeen has become extinct in D. ei In William and Thomas Aiken were two of the first settlers of Deering. They were grandsons of Edward Aiken, who emigrated, like the MeKeens, from the north of Ireland about the year 1722, and settled in Londonderry. He had three sons, Nathaniel, James and William. Nathaniel settled on his father's farm, and had five sons,— Edward, John, James, Thomas and William. The two latter settled, as above stated, in Deering. William settled the farm occupied by the late Levi White, and Thomas settled the lot just west of William's. William died when about fifty- three years of age. rhomasdied in 1831, aged eighty-two years. He was a good mechanic; he made wheels for spinning linen, reeds, spools, etc. His old shop is still standing, and many of his wheels are still extant. William and Thomas each bad a son John. William's son had light hair, while Thomas' son had dark hair. To distinguish them, therefore, they were known re- spectively, as red John and black John. Red John had a large family, only two of which are now living, —Electa, widow of the late David Wilson, of Deering, and Joseph, who lives in Cambridge, Mass. The namesof those deceased were! ':il vin, William, Martha, Relief, Luther, Harriett, Rebecca, Jane. The children of Black John were Elmira, Cyrus, Caroline, Hermon, Fanny,. Tames. Hannah, a daughter of William Aiken, married John Gillis. of Deering,— his farm joined Thomas Aiken's on the west. The children of John and Hannah Gillis were William Aiken Gillis, Thomas, Worcester, John, David, Horace, Hannah, who married Reuben Boutwell, is now a widow and lives in Hillsborough, N. H. .Mark, James M. and Charles are not living. The name of Aiken as well as Gillis is now extinct in Keeling. David Wilson settled the farm known for more than a century as the " David Wilson place." The house now -landing on the farm was built by him in 1786. His children were — .lames married Mary Mi Neil. Betsy married John Grimes. Jenny married Josiah M. i ■ Nancy married Hugh Bell. Hammh married, first, Robert Gibson : nd, J imee ' ... hran. Sally married tirst. Hill ; second, Dustin Susan marn.-d Nathan Mi,i.l..iigh. David, Jr., married first, Jenny Dickey; - od, Margai I e - Eli/.a, who died at the age of nineteen, sally, who died at the age of three. Hannah married James l'ursaitu. Sarah M. married Luther Aiken. David l\ tnarrie.l Electa Aiken. Susan married George Smart. Mary, who died at the age of seventeen James, who died at the a William D. married Sarah !■' I hase. ily child of David and Margaret Wilson , married George A. Ramsdell, of Nas The 01 Eliza D.. X. H. Reuben Loveren settled the farm now occupied by Robert P. Cressey. His father, Ebenezer Loveren, of Kensington, purchased, in 1773 and 1774, several lots ofland in Atkinson's right, in Deering, notably lot 25, in the north range, identified as the lot on which the farm buildings now stand. Also, partoflot27 — twenty acres in the south range, identified as the lot on which the farm buildings stand on the Josiah Lov- erenplace. Reuben Loveren came and settled on lot 25 about the year 1777, being seventeen years of age. He laid his camp bj the side of a large, boulder still recognizable, east of the highway leading by the buildings half-way between the highway and Dudley Brook. Although be died iii 1815, at the early ago of fifty-five, the hug.- bouse on the premises, and the massive stone fences or walls which cover this large and noble old homestead bear witness to his industry and energy. He married Sarah Hilliard, and bad a numerous family, — Dollj ma I mi l Rowell, oi Deering. sall> married Daniel Gove, "i Weare. Ebenezei married Annie Rowell ; removed to Medford, Mass. Elizabeth married Robert G lale . died the i I I., al. ['all. • I-. n. ■■! lli>i.kmt..n, X. II. '■'..Mi ■/ /.•-..'... Dani-1 married, iirst. Kl-ie I.astniali. nf Weare , i. v.d 1 m, where married again, Mi-. Nan. y l>...lg». HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Lrried Martha Whittle, .1 l»-nn_, - til 1 : .t I.ilUK.n.u',-)! Bridge, N. I! , .iii.-.j 1,1i/;,Im il, \\ dm | ■ , ,, >i,|,.. {it HilMiuruiigh Bridge, N H. > 'hUdren of i [nnie 1 named ' elenda ('ram, of Weare. Alvah married Matilda Smith, i;.'i.iU-n iimrrie.l Uh.-ii.' < '.«im;in. : baa Nanna married Juii'-s : pin-v^l WV-t a inathan married Roll] i Abram, Jr., married N ■ Samuel married \u_.i..: Mary died unmarried. i . Hoodj Cakin. P-dly married .l.>- l.-itten Lydia never married. VJn-w/.-y married \;tn. \ ll.»«i II r,._-nj;imin married Mary Walla, e .k-minm married (.anliei I "■'■■■■• I ■ Childri ■ :■ 1 Hi. hard Manalian. \lmiia married Th<.mi»..ii M.hmI ■<■■ Jemima married Joseph i i I Jennie married Giles Alcock. ' htldr, n oj Sai 1 I Ah l; 4n.-v married Naney Smitli. ae Mcock. Juseph marrie.l Annlla < 'rani. 1 Two died in infancy. Eliza married, first, William VVhittli - nd, Stephei Downing. - u .tii \ni] man Led, m ' Im Hoyet. lied unmarried, ( 'hildren of B< njo Mary Ann married Enoch Hadley. linn rneld ; settled in the West .Maria married I'.i-r ; -Ttled in tlie \\ e-t Be lialnili 1". i mini Melissa Patti u; settled in the Wee Hi H zabetb. i h irlea F. ma ried Amelia YTordswi i-th l til old < »ni' 'lied in in!:i n. i John Shearer settled the farm now owned by Charles F. Gove, soon after Samuel Patten settled 22, which bounds it on the west. These two lots are in the north range- of Atkinson's right, while the Alex- in. I, i Hogg farm (now owned by Scott Bailey, of Weare) is in the south range of the same right, and is lot -7. It is worthy of mention that these three lots were measured out and sold to Samuel Patten, John Shearer and Alexander Hogg, respectively, before the survey of Atkinson's right had been completed and the lots numbered. John .Shearer sold his lot in 1774. as above mentioned, receiving in exchange lot No. 26, of Abram Gove. A few years afterwards he sold the latter lot to Samuel Shearer, his brother. The latter built the grist-mill owned by the late Jonathan Runnals. Samuel Dunlap operated this mill for Samuel Shearer for several years. Ebenezer Loveren, the brother of Reuben Loveren, settled on the Josiah Loveren place about the same time bis brother came to Deering, in 1777. He built the large house "il the premises, -till standing, and the lot on which it is built is identified as lot No. 27 (twenty acres), in the south range of Atkinson's right. No. 14. The land south of the buildings anil the highway which separates Atkinson's and Hinge's great rights, or lots Nos. 13 and 14. and which be- longs to this old homestead, is recognized as lot No. 15 in the north range of Binge's right, while the land belonging to the same homestead, lying west of the lot 27 (twenty acres), is identified as lots 26 and 25 in the south range of Atkinson's right. Ebenezer married Eunice Hadlock. His children were. — h I... ni \j>ril 'J'.. IT'.'J : died \..im_. John married ' lui-.i Richardson ; settled on the old hone -Oil Betty, died i Sural irried Joshua Downing : settled in Peering. Benjamin married Esthet Bartlett: settled in Hopkintou. \. II, I hildn,, ../ J,./oi ' J"-ia!i tried, first, Asanatli Orogg; second, Nancy I'calnxly : now .-.-tth-.l in Antrim, X. I. K Eunice main. -I .1 .. '■ ' '"ii. -.1 ll-iinik-r : -. ttled in M Hannah □ ■■■I :.- ■ \ k liul- ; settled in Maine i lariasa marri 1 Hi On G IV. n ■ D . settled in Warner, X. Ebei .■■ i mai ried S -in < r.i\v ; -.Ttled in tin- West. Km. due- lost her li ■ thn.iiL'h an ; i ■:■ ■ id. lit when .il>. ait Alexander Gregg, the son of Hugh Gregg, who emigrated from Ireland, settled the farm now occu- pied by John Wallace. His buildings were located near the great reservoir dam ; the old well and the remains of the cellar excavations are still recogniza- ble. He built the mill at the outlet of the pond. The old mill litis lung since disappeared, but the old mill- dam still remained until removed to make place for the reservoir dam. Alexander Gregg married Mary Cristie, who was born in Ireland. Their children were. — Jan.- died Bingle H 1 1 ^ 1 1 . 1 1 i .1 Ha I tfille -. nl". I -leu, N. II. Alexander died single. i . .1 Judith Hadlock. Samuel married Lydia Dodge ; Rattled on the old homestead. \ n:i.i mat lied Kims Merrill : settled in Weare, S II Reuben removed West, married ; died at Honona, I. ova. in 1 370. tames Knlton. i . single Asenitli married Josiah I... volet] ; settled in Peering, N". II. DEERING. Samuel married Al.l.y Wyman. I.i, ha \ 11 1> married Umoe Fairfield : Bettled in Antrim, N. 11. Rebecca died single. CMMrm ■■: Jama and JndW ■ Cristie married Mary Men ill. Lydia married SI The children of Peter C. and Mary Gregg were David, Nancy, Mary Ann, Jane, Reuben (who mar- ried Catharine Gregg, of Deering), Robert, Samuel, Emily, Cristie. The brother of Alexander Gregg, Reuben Gregg, settled on lots No. 15 and 16, in the north range of big lot No. 11, the former recognizable as the Reuben Gregg place and the latter as the Hugh Gregg Place. He built the saw-mill and grist-mill, which supplied the wants and needs of that part of the town for many years. Those mills long since disappeared. Reuben Gregg married, first, a sister of Alexander Wilson. Their children were,— Hue], marrie.l Marj-aret 1 >.«!*• ; settled the farm of It F. Cleveland (lot No. M). Thomas marrie.l Mary Currier; settled en the Klijali ( l.amh farm Mary married Page ■• md Betsy i 1 single. Reuben, for second wife, married a Miss Houston. Their children were,— Naiiey marrie.l .leiiathan Nesinith ; settle. 1 in .Vntriui, N\ 11. Alexander inarm-. i Kel.ee. a Wilkins. Harriet. Houston. Jamee married Hannah Whitaker; went West. John marrie.l Betsy Dodge ; died fr xposure in il pen air. Milton married IVasley ; settled in lletmiker, N. H. Thomas Bailey settled the farm of Thomas Merrill, usually designated as the John Wilkins farm. He came from Weare and married (unknown). N. II. of James md Banke Fulton. Robert Fulton, of Francestown. married Sarah Brown. He, in L786, bought lot No. 10, south range, Mason's big lot No. 11, of .lames Graham, and iu 1797 lot Xo. 11, in the same. Children of 1 I ' S h Fallon. Alexander. samiiel iie\.-i inairie.i 1 1 . ■. .| .e ne,l the s-rond si , .iv iii Deering, in the vicinity of the in .lame. I ,., -a.th ],i:i ■•■ ; .lied al the residence oi hii brother James, on the old b -lend, in 1849. .1 ,.„ . nied Hannah Faiilknei ; settled mi il M homestead. , Bradford, N. H. .■ gle. I the ..id lee W. married, first, l.aui; Ebenezer Lock, son of Ebenezer Lock and Elizabeth, his wife, of Woburn, Mass., was horn 1734; married Lucy Wood. lie had three sons,— Ebenezer, Jonathan and Ben- jamin,— all of whom settled in Heeling and died there. Ebenezer, the father, discharged the first gun at Lex- ington, Mass., upon the British troops, April 19, 1775. working away some ten minutes before a shot was tired elsewhere by the Americans. He served through the war as a private, and some years later joined his sons in Deering, living with his youngest son, Ben- jamin, and died 1816. Children e. r/.. n nd Lucy Lock. Jonathan married Lu. v Brooks, of Woburn, Mass During thi Revo , D | nental i ause as ■ mariner. When he came to Deering he settled on the farm now owned by Albert Hadlock. His ■ ■ I e ■ I I'M ladlock. li„ n .,ei married Mollii Eastman, ot Weare. Their childrren were I i [i e d e.im-i, Reuben and Charles. The father served in the Continental army and was wounded in the knee. He died fr he effects of this wound after Borne years of suffering, a pension helping him support his family Aftei his decease his widow removed with her two ..,.,,., Reuben and Charles, to Pennsylvania. Benjamin, third son of Ebenezer, was born 1765. He married Anna Eastman, of Weare. He enlisted in the Continental service in 1780, at the age of fif- teen, and served until the (dose of the war. The farm finally settled upon by him is recognized astheone on which Wm. Whitaker now lives. i children of Bi rtjamin and I una I Ebenerei married Sarah Bartletl . Bettled in I, »ti i married Betsy Bartlett, of Wear. airied l.v.lia Johnson, of Weare. rued Colonel John Bartlett, still I Sol " Bartlett. <■(„/./,, ef II v, bos ly survii ing child is James he farm now occupied by illy Hop- Gillmai Whitaker ii 1784. He married kins, ot Chariest. iwn Mass. i Stephi .. ' i single. Stephen died young. am.-.! M ii ' base, settled in Deering. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Nancy married Christopher Simons, of Wonro, X. II. Lucy married Jonathan Ooodale i-tli, of I>eering. Stephen married Sarah IVash-e; settled "ii the mM homo-tcad. James married K - /i.tli l> l.:i-l. ■ CJiiWr. .. '< Loi ke. Stephen died i lr.-na married .lain.-- Priest, WYare. X. II. Sabra married Gilbert small, Weare, X. H. Lewis X. married Haunt C. Kendall. Ira I), married U..11.1L Mushier Nancy E. married 'oilman Clough. Lorinda died young Lavina died in infancy. Ki Levi. I., -Till living with hi- guardian, .hi.. Morrill. Olivet married Mary I: Porter, settled in W. Andrew .1. married Liz H G Liicinda di .1 Lucina married .lames K. Hinkley. Elbridge 1.. II. died in infancy Alfred married Mary I. M Irene It. died v. .mm KcZiah M. died in infancy. Child Fred E. Arthur W. James Whitaker. one of the first settlers ofDeer- ing, lefta large familv with his wife Susannah Simons, of I [averhill, Mass. [eaac settled in Maine. Sarah died single. Jeams married Marv Chase. Susannah married. I -sse Whitaker, ..! Wear... Joseph settled in Maine. Mary married Samuel olcAIister. Peter marri'-.i s.u.,1. John married three wives, — first, L; Vnah Bickford; third, Kuth Killum. Bottiedied single. X. !i lah married Pli Jonathan Inane d and -'-till d In V Willi, • ,, :1, .1 . ollins. married Abigail Collins. ili.nl,.. I.y.ii.i died ; Oilman married Lydia Xeal. ChUdt Hiram inalTied. first. Kllen Monroe; second, Han el David settled in Lowell, .Mass. Susannah married s . . X. II. Abbie married Daniel Ihi\ton, Ilenniker, X. H. Aurelia, still living vvnh her 1. nailer, Hiram, OD the old homestead. Ophelia mart [out 1 Children of WvUm a.i S, ./. fnitaker. John J. died young. The only child of .lames ami Abigail Whitaker living is Mary E. Whitaker. William Chase, from Seabrook, X. E., settled the farm south of the old burj ing-ground, near East 1 >eer- ing, l.cino- hit 14 in the south range of Ringe's right. Through his industry and frugality he ac- cumulated a large property. Besides his tanning in- terests, lie carried <>n the business of a banker, loaning money to all who gave good security. lie subse- quently settled on the farm now owned by James F. Lock, and lived there until his death. Children of With.,,,, and I ..... ■ Mat v m. ii ried James "Whitaker. Sally manned John DowtiJDg. l.vdia mai ried John U hitaker. Nancy married Isaac Willkins. Abigail married James Willkins. Betey, Bingle. Robert McFerson, of ( Ihester, settled the farm now owned by Augustus Wilson, recognized as No. 15 in the north range of Atkinson's right. The date of bis deed is June 25, 177-"., fixing approxi- mately the time of his settlement. He married Mary Cri.-tie, of Londonderry. Children of Robert I Mary Ml Sarah never married. I 'I homes Mitrdough, .v. worth, X. H. stat sea. i I'avid M« Keen, settled in Antrim, X II. I.i i ■ , : ,. , VI ; , , |;, nn.-t. settled in P.iliei: William McFerson, brother of Robert McFerson, settled in the south part of the town, on the farm known as the Witter Wilson place; removed to Cork (West Deering).at the foot of the Falls, so called, and lived on the farm known as the Joe EllingwOod place. He married Mary Blair, and they had eight children, — Rob. n m New \i rk. Sallj -ii Hannah P.iilterlield , settled in New York. I, Bret, Sallj Will i, New Vork. t, X. Y. The two brothers, William and Robert, fathers of the above families, served in the campaign against Burgoyne; were at the battles of Lake George and Saratoga. William was left in the woods on the march as too sick to go on; but his brother Robert found and cand for him until be recovered. John Bartlett settled the farm now owned by rtlett. He married Hepzibath Stevens, in Chester, ami removed to Deering in 177::. ■ . .,' .h.hn and Hepzibath BarfleU. ied v . i . . - 1 . . . i , - John. Jr.. mailed Mary Sineus : seltl.d in We I lam. I married, lirst, Abigail Steven II , . u Hepzibath lie Hepzibath married Jonathan Straw. Viui v married Putney. I iied Putney. Sarah married Ebenezer Lock. vim \ married J< ssi Brown. John married Sarah Sanborn, -.-ttl.-.l in Suuapee, N. II. His: son was ih.- Hon. Charles II. Bartlett, "f Manchester, X II. Solum. .ii married, first, Hannah HadlOCk ; second, Lucy Lock. i II- iiiamin I.overeri. 379 lleheeea married Jesse Oollius. George married Polly Simons ; settled "ii tin* i Irena married Stephen Lowell. Greeley married Sarah \nn Gove, Child laic settled in Deering, the former on the. farm owned by J. G. Morril, and the latter on the farm of Lewis Goodale, Esq. Their father, Robert Goodale, removed from Salem, Mass., and settled in Wcare, X. II. He mar- ried, second, Mary Fowler. Citildn / Hubert I Mary (1 tale. Stephen null lied Mary Oieenleal Jonathan married Sarah Iiadlock. Mehitable married, first, Yonl Esther. Clnlilriii i/Wi/J«» mill Jie.;; C lute. |',,lh 11.11 ted . I. ■!:. nil. ' J, on. than married Lie V I.i.rke; seltled HI I I ;,,!.. 1 I 1 .1 i:i 1 Z: 1 belli Level en ; sett led oil the old lo ■ Stephen married Judith Lowell , settled in Vermont. Mehitable married Stephen Chase ; settled in Maim-. Nancy married John Corlis ; settled in Weare, X. II. Hannah mairied Hilllard L.iveieii ; settled 111 lei in Clarisy died singli Children of Jonathan ■•ml Sarah G tale. Levi married Mary Hewlett [settled in Uillsborough, N. II. Isaac died single. Lydia married Jabez Morrill. Clara null lied Hubert Cum ; settled III llillsbolollgh, N II. Betsy married Mark Sterrett. John II. married Celest in M v resides in Nashua, N. H. Jons IIallison G< ale, youngest son of Jona- than and Sarah G lale, was born October 2, 1816. He worked on the farm till seventeen years old ; prepared for college at Newbury, \'t.; graduated at Middletown, Conn., in 1840, taught school at Columbus, Ga., five years; was editor at Manchester from August, 1848, to November, 1860; went to California in 1864; traveled in Alaska and British Columbia in 1867 ; returned to New Hampshire in 1869; was Secretary of State in 1S71-72; was superintendent of the public schools of Nashua from 1875 to 1878, and is author of " History of Nashua" in this volume He has a valuable col- lection of minerals and Indian stone relies. In 1848 he married I lelestia S. M ley, of Northfield, N. H., who died in October, 1863. In 1871 he married Josephine B. Atkinson, of Tilton, N. H. They have one child, Charlotte A. G lale, who was born Mac, 1875. Mr. Goodale resides at Nashua, passing the midsummer, with his family, on a farm overlooking Asquam Lake, in Holderness. Children of Hubert and Eluabet l ,,,,,,, manned Pete) Y.Frye; settled in New York. Lewi- miiriied Eninui J. Whittle . settledon tl Id b n Eliza Ann married Albeit Ma.lUL , -ettled on the Jonathan L» It Ilolyoke. Ma / »e;; of Jui 1 ouisa in. hi' Orel m, \\ I,,:,, |l, .,1 Mm lll.l I. \ Wliill. Libert married, first, ' 1 lestia T. Smith ; second, I ra Billiard I married Surah E. Tead. Levi W. married FrancesE, Kidney, James L. died single. Elizabeth II. married L bet I D Carr. Children of Steph Mary married Calvin M David man ed Ella E Bati holder. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Sti phi ii married Abbie L. Myreck. Mercy II. marriedA. E. Austin. Clara married P. F. Stowell. Carolinedied in infancy. .TiHtin M. married Ellen Herbert Will, i 1 . died in int. in. -j Joshua Downing, from Henniker, settled on the farm previously owned by the Quimbys, — lot 17, in the north range of the Ringe right. It had been owned by Nathaniel Chase before the Quimby brothers purchased it, and still earlier bj Nathaniel Gove, the brother of Abrain Gove. Joshua Downing married Patience Chase, of Weare. Their children John Downing married Sally Chaa Joshua, Jr., man ied Sarah LoTeren. I. viha married William Foreaitb. Dai id died in childhood. Judith died inchildh I. Mary married Samuel Dunlap. M.ii> A : s.ttl.-,| in Wakefield, )h. Thomas Merrill settled the farm now occupied by Elbert Goodale, near the centre of the town. While clearing and preparing his land for settlement he boarded with Levi Ha. Hock, who lived at the east part of the town, at a distance of more than two miles. He married Lydia Abbot, of Andover, Mass. I D D . main [Eliza All Nathaniel nnurieil \i ■ \\ i i|,, Vima ',,.__ . -, ■] 1 1 ... i ii, \\ .., John manic, 1 Nancy Barnard ; settled in Wear.-, V H. Charlotte I. in l.-tia married Jonathan Ch-in iddlebury, Vt. .-. N. II. i . single I.y.lia married Levi II. Sleeper, n 1/ ■lulill W in isri-'.l Maria \ II W L I I 1.1311 11. Ill.llllcl I. .11 1111. 1 W Martha and Mary, twins. Martha mam. „1 F.l.in sunn Nashua, N. II.; Mary married Crist} l,iv ;: , s.-tt l.-.l m Heeling, N. H. Anna died single Charlotte I. in i.tia ,1; II. inn. ii. .Ii.. I Bingle. "I'll mi. \. married I. in an, la Will I ' , ■ ._ \ I! Mary .lam- died single. i 1 single. Eltea Judith died single. Benjamin Brown married Deborah Hadlock, who wu- a sister of Joseph Hadlock, who at onetime lived in Deering. The former settled Lot No. 7, in the north range of Binge's right. He was killed by the falling of ; i tree, in the prime of life, leaving a large family of young children, viz. : Stephen, married, first, Abigail Travis; second, Hannah Simons. By first marriage he had Lucretia, who married Gilman Travis. His children by second marriage were John, married Priscilla Atw 1 : settled in Concord, N. H. Lydia married Simon Green. Lewis settled in Danvers, Mass. ; married there. It. 'iij, mini -.-ill,', 1 in l»ai tied there. Frank ilieil single. Lli/a inani.,1 i, l: ■ ; ,d y ]{ M i '■' " "■ "■ ' -■ 1 ■ nii^. Com ,,i,l, N. II Bartlett s. Brown mauled Ly.lia Brown. Almira ilii-,1 simile, I'll, In-, only daughter ,,f Belllalnin Brnwli. mill i i.d .1 Benjamin died young. !.•■! i inai i i.,1 Hannah Dow. .!■ ■",- lnairi.,1. til-t, .Mary ll.iitli Nathan married Sarah Arlin. David married Hannah Morrill. ■ /,,, ..,„/ Man,,,.;, Br „. Syli ia \i,i married Harrison Philbrook, Umedia C. married Piiane Brainor.l, o,.ii,,,i,l, V II Mm ,li,-,l single. Levi Orrin died single. Annie died in infancy. Sewell I!. Hannah Avis i I in ,1, 11,11, 1 Elvira died single. Meli-si 11. iiiarried I'hail.-s I'niikl-y, e,.inonl, N II. The children of Jesse and Mary Brown Hiram inn, .1, ,! Maltha <;,,vo. lea in ii.in heater, \ II ; marrii ,1 there Gil' - E marri l.firel I iinbeth rravii ad, Ellen Flint. . child by firrt in ..ii..... hi- .1 R . win. marrieil L.a.na Collins. Samuel Brown settled on the easterly half of lot No. 9, in Hinge's right, now known as the farm of James F. Lock. We have no record of his family. Hezekiah Hadlock, from Weare, X. H., settled the westerly half of lot No. 9, in Binge's right, in 1776. This farm may be known as the Dana Hadlock place. He married a Mi>s Fogg, of Seabrook. His children were : He/.kial, mail i.,1 | ii, y !,,„■], Judith married .Tames ilreng. • oj II. ekidh and tucjy //.„//,„ I; Hannah married Solomon Bartlett. Belinda marrii d David Rowell. I'hel.e inarried.Ii'Ii.it! IVa>|e,-, ot Weare, N. II i single. Judith Ann married David P. VVillkins. Albert married Eli/a Ann , 1,1, Dana li. never marrieil. Levi Hadlock settled on lot No. 11, in Binge's right,— the farm now owned by Horace 1',. Cressey. He came from Amesbury, Mass. He married a Miss Currier, and their children were, — Ly.lia marrieil William McKeen. Sarah marrieil .leiiathai i 1,1 Eunice married Ebeni i Polly married Ephraim Codman, Hillsborough, N. II. Hannah niai , Levi Jr., i i, 1 w.i died single. Nathan married Ann Call ; settled m Bangor, Me. Albert and Eliza Ann Hadlock had one child,— Lucy -Tan,,, nil,, married \I. in Xubbs. Robert Gove, of Weare, purchased from Joseph Had- lock, in 177.S, lot No. 1(1, in Binge's right, fixing ap- proximately the date of his advent into Heeling. He married Sarah Huntington and settled on the above-named lot, adding, by purchase, other lands to his homestead. His children were, — Hannah, who married Hero.! Chase; settled on the old homestead. John man nil, first, Sarah Dunsack ; second, Mm Relief Dickey. 381 Herod Chase was the sun of Moody Chase, who married Susan Locke. The latter left a large family, Sarah niarn. 'I o. -or.. !' - Louisa niiii i L.--1 t wl.:.'. — tirst. .1 Mr. Xel-m ; second, a Dunham. Loi inia married a Nelson. Judith married Hoses Harrington. David married a Miss Call, oi Weare. Dexter married a Miss Smith. Two died in infancy,— fourteen in all. Joshua Folsom, from Epping, X. H., settled on th la mi occupied by the Danforth brothers, in tin- norl h east part oi' the town. He married Mary Braekenbury Children -./ Joshua .nil' Jf.ni/ Io/s..a. Betty diedat the age of fifteen years. John married Patieui - Its . im- -. -< :ti- 1 ;n san.lwi. li, V II. Samuel i i i"l V,i. \ Abigail married Moses Sarah and Mai\, twin- S'. It. ; .Mary married Tl l.v.lia 111 I I M- 1 1 s.Mllll.l l'a\ 1.1 li- .1 i. ,1 liufns Tuth.-rly ; settled in Wea the age "t twelve yi ars, naiie-'l I I Alley; settled in Ilelllliker ii Claremont, X It. e, X. II. Thomas Whittle eventually setl stead with Mary, his wit.-. Thomas Pa ried M ace ; settled as a physil Ian i David F. married Charlott Hannah married Charles 1 Martha A. married Reubel led in H.-nniker, X. II. d, Mrs. Sarah C. Wal- Hillsborough, X. II. Hillsborough Bridge, Amos Chase, from Seabrook, settled the farm now occupied by Henry Ashby. He married Elizabeth Kimball, ofHopkinton. By this issue he had seven children, — ; settled the farm n.nv Mary married Nathaniel A\'l i lteh er, of Maine. Edward married Mary Ratten ; settled on the old homesteail. Rhoda marriedSai 1 Straw, ofHopkinton. I'ollv married Ahram Dow, Seabrook. Rachel married Enoch Gove, of Weare Lizzie married Klisba 1'rye, Sandwich. i Vol.- ■ - Chau. litis married I'hehe Willard. \ni 06 married Mary Hanson, Weare. Edward married Sarah I'lia-c-. Winslow married Hannah Dow. Jane-- and Moses were twins. James married Maria Thomson. .Mo.,., married Martha Bl 1. David married Lydia A. Chase. I'an.l was .howiied uli.si , i .1:1 vrar- -1 as Rodney died in infancy. Children of Edward and Mart/ '7m.. Eliza married, first, Daniel II. l>»w: seeond, William IS. Ann B. married Samuel II David 1'. mar fall. Childrtno} Daniel i ! 1 Harriet married Linvi.no. K.-ilev A s r, married Sarah .1. Niohol-. Daniel G. married Jennie Raymond. Edward ( '. married, first, If. a 1 ('has.. ; second, EnnlyA Wi-bbcr. AiiiiC. Dowmarried Gilbert IV Hill. Eliza was the only child ..1' William 11. ami Eliza Walker. Humphrey Peasley settled the farm now occupied by Rodney Gove. He came from Amesbury, .Mass., in 1782, ami bought lol No. 1"> in the south range of the great Wibird lol No. 1-"'. This lot is identical with the one mi which (he buildings of Rodney (love now stand. Two years afterwards he purchased lot No. ltl, just east of the above-described lot. These two lots, of one hundred acres each, comprised the old Peasley homestead. He married Phebe How, of Weare, built a large house on the premises, which has been remodeled to the form of the one now standing, as mentioned above. He subsequently, with his son Jonathan, built a saw-mill, located on Patten's Brook, running through lot No. lo, about one hundred rods below the mill of William H. fatten, as it now stands. It has long since disappeared. < 1, ,],!,,,< .o Ihnuph,,,, a;i./ /'/,. . Jonathan married Sallie Hook K.-iah man i..,l Vbram I lhase. Vim j died single Stephen died single. . \ In siliaiu ii us! IMi.oi \|....l, , -.tt|.-.l in Manila. star, X. H Eliza died single. Humphrey married, tirst, Abigail Atwocnl ; second, It.t - Mary marrieil Dinll.-y ' ha-. Phchc niai ii..l Nathan Bailey. Humphrey is still living in Deering, and Phebe, who resides in Manchester, N. H. Bray Wilkins sett led on the Timothy Matthews farm, on the south side of Wolf Hill, near the old burying-ground. He married a Mrs. Blanchard. i 'hihlnn "/ /.'i."i and Lucy Wilkin*. Lucy died unmarried. Sally niarried Robert Fulton Anna main,-. I, tirst. Nathaniel Merrill ; second, Stephen Carr. Betty married Joseph Kimball. Rebecca marrieil \l.\ David married Abigail Patten. Isaac mart id Nan. y Chase. Jain.-- man led. first, Abigail I'lui.c; second, • . John married Lucinda Forsaith. Timothy Matthews, who married Betsy Huntington, lived on this old Wilkins homestead for many years after the death of Bray Wilkins and the removal of the hitter's son James to Henniker. In his old age 382 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. In- removed with his wife, leaving no issue, to Hen- niker, and the buildings on this old homestead have long since disappeared. Adam Manahan settled on lot No. 14, in the south range of Thomlinson and Mason's great lot No. 11,— the Ephraim Fuller place. He married twice. By first marriage he had: Bichard married Polly Gove. William married Mary Bowers. JoBeph. By second marriage: Mary married — Bailey. Elvira married Solomon Bailey. Stephen married Xauey Bailey (above). Thompseli main..! Aliuira tiove. Mark Valentine, by profession a physician, remove,! We-t. Andrew Aiken settled mi the (arm occupied by • larlton Clement. Elizabeth. Mary. Margaret. Margaret Aiken was born in 1783, and was widely known as "Peggy" throughout Hillsborough County. She died at an advanced age at the Wilton County farm a i'v.n years ago. Samuel and William Anderson settled on farms adjoining. They acquired their title to their land in 17!>4. Samuel bought, at the vendue sal.' of the land of Thomas Packer, Esq., deceased, lot No. 3, in the north range of Parker'- right, and the same year sold to William Anderson the same lot No. 3, which was bounded on tin- easl by land of Jonathan Locke, identified as the farm on which Albert Hadlock now lives. William Anderson married .Margaret Clark. His children were, — Margaret ma .., Weare, who settled on the old \n.lei -,ii leanest, ad. Eliza married Beul,. n I . . ■ s . ■ j . i j ,. , . , , m J w jf e . I !/ (fi Mary Eliza mane ,1 A lr i . . 1 I... I., William married Mary c.rirhn : settled in Somerville M.,s- Martha married llola i I'iliHiIei died V"iiii- William Codman settled on lot 12 in Wibird's right. No. 15, in 1778. lie was the first physician in town to practice his profession, which he did for many years, lie, lid in 1811. His children with his wife Mary were, — It, -my married ->.[,l,i> ana Calf,!,. Peter married . Charles married Mahala Atw 1. Alexander Hogg settled the farm owned by Scott Bailey, of Weare. The date of his deed is 1771 —lot :.'.. south range of Atkinson's right. He mariied . Their children were,— William Hogg married Anna Follansbee. Samuel Hogg. A daughter married a Pettingill. Children „/ William «>„l Anna Bogg. Jonathan married Rebecca Hogg. Priscilta married Benjamin Colby. William died single. Mary married Jonathan Kell.-y. Sarah died single. Benjamin married Catherine 111,,,.,]. Follansbee married Susan McCoy. Lucy married Moses chase as a second wife. John removed to Haverhill, Maes Thomas Hogg, George Hogg and Robert Hogg, brothers of Alexander Hogg, lived in Peering at one time, but owned no real estate as we can learn. Thomas had one son. Samuel Dana, and a daughter. 1 .eorge Hogg enlisted in the Continental army, but soon deserted and came bark to I Coring, where he managed in some way to avoid the officers sent for his arrest. He, together with his family, lay upon Dud- ley Pond for many nights in succession to elude the officers, thereby so impairing the health of his daughter Molly, then an infant, as to cripple her for life. The records of the town shovi that his family was a public charge for many years. William Hogg, the son of Alexander Hogg, enlisted in the war, and tie ,, , ,„■,!- show that the town voted to give Alexander Hog-, his father, one hundred and thirty-six dollars in con- sideration of his son's going to war. The latter drew a pension during the later period of his life. He taught many of the first schools in He, ring and ad- joining towns. Parker Nois lived at one time on No.8,south range ■>< Ringe - right. II, was thrice married, the last time to Dorcas McCoy. He had a large family. Among the rest was Russell T. Nois, who married, first, Mary Currier; second, Sarah .1. Forsaith. Parker Nois removed t,, Haverhill, his former place of residence. Robert Alcock settled on lot No. t I'-J ■■■■ ' ""■■ Robert married, first, Clarissa Flanders , second, Mary Tarletou. Stephen married, first, Sally Wilson ; second, a Mi-, Pope. Christopher inarrn-d a Miss Flanders. Children of Jama and PoUy iUoi k Nancy married Daniel Brown. Henry married Charlotte Cheney. James M. married I arolins Mel 03 Joseph's children were Elbridge, Harriet, Joseph Samuel's children were,— M.iroiiy, Marony,— both died in childhood Elizabeth married Milton Mi Coy. Ira A. married Josette lAl ki Appleton. William's children were, — William H. married Alinira A. Smiley. '•'." „.,,-, Two died in infancy. lira married John EHIingw 1 Harriet married Gideon Page. Jane married Wilson < 1 B;i tliird wife Irene, unmarried. Cyrus H. married a Mi>- P.i.avn Note. — The descendants of Robert Alcock, under various names, areBtill the most numerous in Deering ot any of the tirst s.-ttlers of the town. Caleb Whitaker, the son of William Whitaker, of Weare, settled with his father on lot No. 20, in Ringe's right, identified as the farm of Russell Tubbs and that of the late Wheeler Barnes. He married Mrs. Nancy White. His children were.— Hannah married James Gregg. I.ydia married Samuel Patten. I;I'C Mn.il 1 Daniel married Hannah Blodgetl Joseph Wheeler died in i hildl 1. i hailotte married . William White married Nancy Mathis, who mar- ried, second, Caleb Whitaker, above. Children oi William ami Nancy White were, — John Morrill served in the Continental army as a private soldier. It is not known from what town or precinct he enlisted; but after the close of the war, or the expiration of his term of service, he married Abigail Knight, of Atkinson, and after a short term of residence in Hillsborough removed to Deering, where he spent the remainder of his life, dwelling in various localities, finally with his son Joseph on the farm known as the Frank Gould place. The writer, when a boy, often heard him speak of his ex- periences in the war, especially of being in tin' battle of White Plains, so bloody and disastrous to the American army, alleging that his "right andleft-hand men" were killed during the engagement. He also spoke of seeing General Washington, lor whom he was detailed at one time as a servant or waiter, being at that time less than seventeen years of age. Be had seven children — Joseph married Catherine Smith Samuel married Rachel Sprague He enlisted in tic War "f 1812 as a soldier, and died from disease. Mary married Joel Heath Sarah married William Heath. Abigail married Elijah Tburson. Hannah married David Drown John married ; settled in Deerfield, X. H. [saac Smith, (he son of Ichabod Smith, married Nancy Codman, and eventually settled on the southerly half of No. 12, in Wibird's right, No. 15. His children were,— Isaac married Amelia Stevens. Catherine married Jo-r].li >1..|1 it Rene married a Jones. Agnes mar I William Campbell. Henry married Man Tuton. Turner removed WeBt. I.oraine married Samuel Gibson. Jail Smith died in childhood. Princess married ■ Fleb hei . settled in Troy, X. v. \ i, ... .. , i ,<■,.'''_ -cttled in Troy, X. i laniard man ied a \. nt lids ; M-ttled io St. Clair, Mich. childrci id Amelia Smith Matilda married Alvah Lovereii. Naiey S. married Robert 1 ul « William T. married Mary Ann Morgan. Calvin S. married Maria . [saac married Josephine w hittlfi. Esther married Adam Dicket r ■ G marrii i Mai i I Theresa married, first, William Dickej ; - od, ,.u Dost. .11 , third. J..I111 McColl , Mont Vernon Ellen M. died in childhood. George D. married Margaret . 384 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Nathaniel Colby bought the farm settled by Robert Alcock, removing there from Hopkinton. He mar- ried, first. Tatty Muzzey ; second, -Mary McKeen. Children by first marriage were, — John died unmarried. Elizabeth married Frank Rus>cl] ; live W.-st. Nancy married K11.ii.1lt._- McKeen. Bu .... . El.en marred Ella - ! Elbridge. Daniel, brother of Nathaniel, married, first, a Miss Emery; second, Lucy Cowen. Children by first wife were, — Belinda married Richard Clement. Pametiadied single. Charles died in the Civil War. Two girls died in infancy. Squiers. Samuel removed Wee! Diana. Joseph Kimball, of Weare, first settled on lot No. 23, south range of Atkinson's right. He afterwards purchased the reservation given to the first settled minister, 1 when Mr. Sleigh, the incumbent, re- moved to New York. This reservation is located in the northerly part of No. 6, north range of Packer's right, and is the farm now occupied by .Mr. Fulton. He married Betsy Wilkins. Their only child was Eliza, married Francis Mitchell. The children of Francis and Eliza Mitchell were Charles (married Mahala Coburn), Sarah (married, first. Augustus Wilkins; second, Francis F. Fulton), James (married Almira Twist), Joseph (married Alice Barnes . I .eorge (died in the civil War as a soldier), Albert B. (died single). Francis Mitchell, for second wife, married Mrs. Charlotte Jaqueth. Silas Parker Barnes (or Barron, as it was once called) was the father of the Barnes families or races described below. He emigrated from England. His children were, — i s.-ttlcd on Alex the Samuel Barnes married Sally Lund. I Robert McKeei Alice, single. I Hannah, twin- Wli. . l.-i ,„. 1 \.,„, \ Lay ; Hannah married < barles craft. Silas married oliv.-i i . Rodney died single. Mary E. married Sanm. 1 l lutli i John married < l.m-- Harriet married Charles Martin. Children of Wheel* I Nancy Barnes. Edward died in the Civil War fron Frank married unknown. John married Arm Wilson. Children of John and Clarissa Barnes. Alice M. married Jos,.,.), Mitchell. King 1 died in childh 1. "ill" "el II. nth wile twins, — the former is single ; the l.ni u- ried John Olosson. i ied Mary v Ison. Muses Codman married, first, Jennie Wallace; second, Betsy Bennett; third, Jane Ross. He settled on lot 13, Wibird's right, No. 15, afterwards removed to West Leering. His children by first wife were, — l',\ >ecund wife he had,- , nurtli r,iu_ ! William and Dorcas' children wt Evan Dow and his brother, Stephen Dow, settled near the centre of the town, in Tinge's right. Their lather. Captain Reuben Dow, of Hollis, after the bat- tle of Lexington, raised a company of soldiers from Hollis and Pepperill, marched to Bunker Hill and brought away from the field on that eventful day a bullet in his ankle. The bullet, which was extracted, is still preserved; but the effects of the wound are said to have eventually caused or hastened his demise. He had three sons, Daniel, Stephen and Evan. ( Hollis. Lois married I ristie Him. an, of Hancock, X. H. Stephen married Hall, of Groton, Mass ; settled in Weston Vt. Hannah married S|.aiilding : settled in Weston, \ t Nathaniel married Aimes ; settled in Hancock. Jeremiah married Sally Eastman, and settled on llo ..Id h. no -i. , 1 in Hollis. Abigail married Timothy Wmo.hi .1 , , . f Hilltborougb, X. II. ' II -. .'-. V. // Sarah married Xathali Cram. Reuben never married. Hannah married Jonathan Cram. Lydia married Loiel Cram. Evan, Jr., married Nancy Balch,nfXew Boston, X. II Elias Hassel settled on No. 3, north range of great lot No. 15, Richard Wibird's right. This lot is a settler's lot, and given to Hassel for the sum of five shillings and the consideration of his settling on the lot. The date of the deed is June 17, 1771. It is identified as the Gould farm. Hannah, who married Samuel Morrill, and settled on the old homestead after Hassel removed to Hillsborough, is the only child of Elias and Mary Hassel. James White, of Framingham. Mass., settled on the farm now occupied by Henry Holton about the year 1807. He married Susannah Flint. Their children were, — Sophona died single. Ithoda married Moses Koaeh. .lames married Abigail folium. Artetnas married, fir-t - i charlotte Burley. Susan married Joel Bixby. ryntha married Hiram Smith. 1'h, a \ in. irned William Brown. Jason man i. .1 Mai 3 1 afie Nathan White, brother of James White, above mentioned, was the son of John White, who settled on the farm now occupied by David McAlister about the year 17S7. He married Susannah Eaton. His son Nathan lived on the same farm with his father and married, first, Doreas Wilson; second, Hannah Ordway. His children by first marriage were — Ann married John Sterrett. Dnrca-. married Samuel Kimball. Nathan married Jane Smith. Mary married William Matten. His children l>y seeond marriage were, — Harrison married, first, Esther Burley ; Becond, Amelia Morrison. Nancy died in childhood. Harriet married David McAlister. Loyinadied in childhood. Nancy died in childhood. Luther Travis married Nancy .Shearer, and settled near the residence of John Barnes. His children were, — John died insane. James married i I idj o Reading, Mass. Levi married Anna Hall. William married Eliza Heath. The children of Eliza aud William Travis were — Lucinda married Albert Heath. Dexter died in tin- ('nil War. Giles died insane. Adam Dickey, from Londonderry, settled on lot 30, south range of Ringe's right, about the year 17S5. He married Betsy Furgurson. Their children were, — The children of William and .Mary Wilson were,- lVtsy -Ian., died ill childhood. Alexander married Sarah Mi Keen. Angeline married Leonard McKeen. Mary married .lames S. Allen. Eliza .lam- died single. i 'aniline died in childl I Clara W married Gawn W. Mills. Adam married Esther Smith. Caroline died in childhood. William married Theresa Smith. Maiidana. Three died in infancy. Rolandson Ellinwood, of Amherst, settled on lot 12, south range, next to the intervale lot, Packer's right, in 1793. He also purchased lot 11 in the same range, and the southerly half of lot 12 in north range of the same right. He married Abigail Hildreth. The children of Rolandson and Abigail Ellinwood were, — David married Alice Aik'-n. John married Ruth Baker. Abigail married Phineas Wilkins. He married for second wife Eunice Nichols. Their children were, — Charles died single. Mary .lane married Benjamin Nickerson. Eliza married Joseph Nickers.ni. Itaviil married a Miss Stetson. Han-iet L. married Rodney Wilkins. John and Ruth Ellinwood's ehildren were. — .bibll B. main. I, n : l.i . \] . I, , -n I, l.\atin. I'a.> James s. married Rachel o. Turner. Mary died in childl I Abigail died ill cliil.lh I. Ruth S. married Luther Cheney. Cliildren of James 8. and Frank 1'. married Maria 1* 1'. i ii M.m - Flora .1. Clara i: larried Myron E Johnson Sarah Lv zie. ' Clark s. Scott L. Joseph, son of Rolandson and Abigail Ellinwood, settled on or near No. 1, Thomlinson's moiety in big lot No. 11. His ehildren were,— Nancy married a Mr Long. Il.iltii- married .b.lin Burbauk. Joseph settled in Grafton. Phineas settled in California I :e n moved West. Abbie married a Mr. Walker. Horace died a soldier in the Civil War. Mary Ann married Charles Joj Joseph Dow, from < roffstown, settled on or near the intervale lot in Ringe's right. He married Mary Wells, and their ehildren were, Joseph died in childhood. Benjamin died single. Haniel died in childhood. Roxunnailied in childhood. David mai-ried Lucretin Ui 01 I. Sarah married James Boss i ii in .hi u-il Mary Alcock. Lyman married, first, Eliza W 1 - ml, Esther Hadley. Mil I single Parker Morse settled on the farm just north of Thomas Merrill's, known as the John Wilkins place, Xo. 13, in Thomlinson's moiety of big lot No. 11. Parker Morse had the following children by Love, ins nil'.': Parker, Lovy, Joseph, Josiah, Samuel, De- liverance, Mary and Sarah. Francis Graham, or Grimes, from Londonderry, settled lot 5, Wibird's right, No. 15. He married Sarah Cochran. Children of FV .- niui Sitrali Grimes. Children of John and Betsy Grimes. Hiram married Clarissa Forsaith Jan.. married James Butler. Susan married Alden Walker. I -i :ii.. i- mauled, first, Mary Chase ; second, Lucinda Kgleston. David w. inarried. first. Harriet Tuttle . second, Elizabeth Jones. Sarah L'. never married .1. - « married Elizabeth Neally. He graduated ai college; Btudied law; removed to Iowa; became Governor of tin- Slab-; - rwards i nited States Senator ; died a i,-m years ago, leaving a large property. Timothy Wyman married Elizabeth Shattuck, and settled in Hollis, but removed to Deering about the year 1777 or 177*. His ehildren with Elizabeth. his wife, were, — HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Timothy 111.1m.Nl V . ■ ,. : n Urn) Nathan settled in Vermont . waa tin married,— first, to .1 Miss Stuart . second, unknown ; third, Patty Howard. >;!„ .„ ,./..i iuam.Nl. first, .M.lntal.l. < l.-m.-nr ..-.•.. n.l. Betsy Stanly. Sybil married Jonathan Sargent Reuben married Rhode Hartwell. Abel died young. Sally married Josiah Kill. .111. Polly, twin with Sally, mar 1 [saai Merrill Hannah married John Smith. Daniel tnarii.-.l l..nn- . Children 0/ Timothy in 1 : young. Stephen Dow marrie.i 1 t-ula 1m.i-.miIi The children of Ebenezer and Betsy Wyman were Elizabeth, Mehitable, John S., Charles, Daniel (died young), Abigail Dow, Daniel. Almira, Almena, and Moses. The children of Daniel and Louisa Wyman were Squiers Clement, Louisa Maria, Ann Sophia, Laura Fidelia, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and 1 11a Matilda. Charles Butrick, from Concord, Mass., settled on the Robert Mills place, at the head of the (alls, so called. He married, first, Betsy Blake. Their chil- dren were, — Charles married I.ucm.la Whit. Olviu married Loisa Su.-.-t-. 1 Elias B. died young. Samuel married, first, a Hiss Sweetsei ; second, a Mi*. Fuller. Otis 1 ied Julia A. Ill I. 1 !.■ ..I married Lenora .1 Bryant. John 1! married, first, Maria Bixb) . Becond, a Miss Barker; third, Manila Parker. He married fir secmd wife Achsa VVaugh; their children were, — Betsy .li.'.l .simile. Robert W. L'riah H. died in childhood. Danbi i Ige mai 1 ied alartha Bumford. William Waugh, from Londonderry, married Sun- nah Walker. Their children were, — Nancy married Benjamin Masterman. I .1 lie. I Joseph Stevens. Susannah marrie.i . Joseph married, hist, Sally Kendall ; =econd, Fanny Down. Achsa married Charlea Butrick. Robert died single. Ezra Fisher settled the farm now occupied by Luther Cheney. He married a Miss Bixby, of Francestown; their children were, — Oil.'. 11. 11 1 i.-.l a 5Ilss CaliiplN-ll William ilieil young. 1 ■ 1 -ingle. The brother of John Bartlett, Jacob, settled lot 20 in Thomlinson's right. Jacob Bartlett married a Mis- Sargent, and had the following children : Sarah married Benjamin '.illiiiiiliatn St.-I.hen iiiarrieii Ph.be Whitaker Abigal marrie.i Samuel Raleh. .l..-liiia married Catty i 'ha--, .la. N.l. married Catherine Hall Martha mai ri.il I. .mil II id single. Children ... Stephen and Ihebe Harllett Ph. -he died single. P.elief married Willar.l Cory, Almira married Elijah Mason. Hannah. Parker Bartlett married Eleanor Bartlett Fanny married Hugh I rail Stephen married F.lua Craitr. Oliver H. P. marrie.i LoiBB M..r-e. 1 fcuYn-m ■'.' Parka and Eleanor Bartlett. Rotheous E married Emma .1. Merril. I.'.isilla A married Parker Craig. I. la-tiis I! married Jennie Orne. Ai married Allie Jones. Sarah married Edwin Kiee. Hezekiah Wilkins settled on lot No. 7. south of Packer's right, No. 12, about the year 1800. He married Margaret Armor. Children were, — Gawn died single. Polly married Benjamin Huntington Sally married Robert 51. Fn--.11 Isaac married Roxanna Eaton. Phineas Wilkins settled on No. 8, just wot of No. 7. above described. He married Abigail Ellingwood. Children were. — . Louisa married Bcii.iainin Roberts, Nathan. James Eaton settled lot 9, just west of 8, above. He married, first, a Miss McClure ; second, unknown. The children by first wile were John, David, Samuel, James. Isaac, William; one son lost his life by the accidental discharge of a gun, Polly (married David Bass), Roxanna (married Isaac Wilkins). Children of Isaac and Roxanna Wilkins were, — Gawn died in cbildh 1 Lucinda married Sewell Packhard. Malvina married William Forsaith. Elzira marrie.i Maine* Forsaith Andrew A, married Calista o Ihue. \u-u-tu- married Sarah 5Iit.li. 11. Frances marrie.i Charles J. Tatt. Carleton (.'lenient settled right, after Andrew Aiken Dow. Their children were. — married, first, Charlotte I.- Merrill lot No. 11, Wibird's He married Kesiah Jonathan Hanson. S-piiei-s S. married Hannah Gage. Richard married, first, Nancy lliitchins: second, P,.lin., Kesiah D. married Adam Dickey. The brothers of Carleton Clement were Samuel, who married Sarah Buntin, and Richard, who married Mrs. Carleton Clement. The children of Jonathan and Charlotte were, — Charlotte married Horace Gould. Jonathan Dow married Vienna Dickey. By second marriage he had one child, — Moses H., who married, first, Ora Dow; second, Eliza Dow. Children of Squiers and Hannah were, — DEERING. 387 Benjamin Bullard, from Oakham, Mass., settled on the Newman farm mow in Bennington) in 1816. He married Ruth Woodice. Their children were, — Eliza married, first, Elbridge Wilson ; second, James Wilson. Calvin married, first, Mary I>uu]a|i; -e. >uid, .lane Io.svi . third. 1. 1 mi \ « ilson Martha man I'M thuja;.- Eaton. lVniainin married Kusanlia Wdiitcoiul.. Joe] married ' lata Alcock, George Sumner settled the farm known as the Farrington place. He twice married. By first mar- riage hia children were George, Charles, William, Eben, Thomas, Lucy, Sybil, Mary, John, Eben (married Martha Merrill). Asa (i Inow, from Sudbury, Mass., settled on the farm now owned by. Mrs. Wilson. He married < )rril Burnap. His children were, — Fidelia married Onrge W. Colby. Russell Tubbs, from Alstead, settled on lot 22, Ringe's right. He was a successful merchant, and held many places of honor and trust in the gilt of the town. He married Desire Healy, of Washington, hat left no family. Dr. Mieal Tubbs, brothei above mentioned, settled on Atkinson's right. His famil v\ ere. — Robert .Mills, son of one of the first settlers in Deering, is spoken of in another column, lie mar- ried twice. His second wife was Margaret Dinsmore. Children by second wife were, — Isaac married Hepsibath Whitten. John, William at,,! David removed West. \ i mat i ted David Forsaith, Adam and Lydia's children were, — Gawn W. married Clara Dickey. Robert married Fanny l obni n Five died in infancy. LIST OF ToWN OFFICERS FROM 1771 To 1885. 177+. — Ninian Aiken, town rink: Klias Hassel, Ninian Aiken, .lob 1775- Ninian Aiken, tuwn ' b-ik . Tie. mas Aiken, Hubert Mills, Wi Benjamin Bradford, William .la G] -. Bond Tattle, the Russell Tubbs 24. south range, of h his wife Esther, Al married David Patten Mical married a Miss Stewai I Eben L. died Biogle Russell married alary Ounliai Desire mamed Richard CiUey. Russell Tubbs by this marriage hail one son. Akin, who married Lucy .1. Hadlock. Nathaniel ( rove, brother of Abram Gove, settled on lot 17, Ringe's right. His children with Elizabeth, his wife, were Daniel, Nathaniel, Jr.. Peter and Enos. He removed to Vermont about 1790. Isaac Currier married Elizabeth Hadlock, and set- tled in Deering, removing from Ameslmry, Mass. He occupied the farm known as the -Currier Farm" for more than a centurv. Children 0/ boat and n, dbtOi II * Polly died single. John settled in Sebei , Me t-aae man led I.vdia .1, Head .lames mat I led M:n\ A. Howlet Sarah married Daniel Cram. The only one of Isaac and Lydia Currier's child now living is John X., who married Nancy Patten: J^ resides in Manchester, N. H. The family name extinct in Deering. liam Forsaith, tow ill. .1 .1 , Selectmen iert Aheck, tuwn clerk; Hubert Alcm k, Joseph hulansun. ,,-rt All oek, town clerk ; Robert Ainu k, Robert McFerson, „.,t m, .„■!,, town clerk Ebenezer Bl I, Levi Hadlock, dan Aiken, tuwn clerk ; Andrew Aiken, Nathaniel Sweet- lb. on 1 !-aith, tuwn clerk ; William F.usiith, William Mc- iliam Forsaith, tuwn clerk; Evan Dow, James Whitaker, .selectmen; John Duncan, of Antrim, representative. in Dow, tuwn clerk ; Evan Dow, .la s Whitaker, Alexan- |... tin. ai ; John Duncan, of Antrim, representative. in Dow, town clerk ; Alexander Gregg, Nun. hi Viken, Sam- an Dow, town clerk; Robert Ucock, Alexander Gregg, iker, Belei tmen ei Dow, town clerk : Evan Dow. Thomas Merril, Alexander -Evan Dow, town clerk; Evan Dow, Robert Fulton, Reuben , -el.'. I II -William Forsaith, tuwn clerk; William Forsaith, Andrew Phomas Bailey, side. 1 n -William Forsaith, tuun clerk ; Joshua Folsom, Thomas Bailey, lerk .lusbua Fulsum, Kva i clerk ; Evan Dow, Joshua Fols , Par- ■ 1799 — Mat iew Forsaitl Morril .tana 1800 —.tub Clan-, tow Adam Dickej . selectmen : lsnl uel Fulton, t ., ' . . i ■ - - . .t . i. Hue:- Whitato r, ,,i i lerk : William Forsaith, Robert Ucock, ;■ l . ii AT i"k, rrpn.-sciitativi.'. ,, i, ,|, ; Uexandei Wilson, Samuel Morril, Robert Aleck, representative. tuun clerk; Alexander Wilson, Samuel ^ tm, mi ; liubi-i't Al< M,;k, ri'pn.wntative. rink , N ithaniel Sweetser, Samuel Morril, ti.it Alfuck, representative. vn clerk; Robert Alcock, Jamee Whitaker, i ; Robert Ucoi b, representative, own ''l.-ik : rVii pniiii R. «ir.-, .fatii.',-. Shearer. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. selectmen ; Robert town clerk , Benjai mi n Rotx ii View ;. ch-i Shearer, .lam.- Wlntakei, -.-l--. linen ; IS. malum R..lfi-, r- |-i . 1807. — John Alcock, town clerk; Math... Forsa William McKeell, select Il ; It.-Iilainlli It. .lie, I epl eselitatlve 1808.— John Alcock, town clerk; Mathew Foreaith, William Mc- Keen, Jr., John Alcock, Belei tmen 1809 John Alcock, town clerk; William McKeen, John Alcock, .I.,,.,,- w hitaker, selei tmen I'- njai Rolfe, re) mtative. 1810.— John Alcock, town clerk William H Keen, John Alcock, l-ll John Ucock, t....,, clerk William McKeen, John Alcock, Sainn.-l l'..ls..tn. sel.-i-lm.-n ; I:. ....uniii K-ll.-. i.-pte-eiitattve. 1812 . 1 - -1 . 1 1 Alcock, town clerk; William McKeen, John Alcock, Tli a- Bail, \ . -,l> . m.. n i:> mi ii !;..it.\ i.-pn-MMitative. 1813 —John Al. ■•■ k, town clerk . John \1 ock, II las Bailey, Alex- ainlel Dnnlap, sel.itin,-ji ; Bellj. Itulte, rcpi- -, htatl v.- 1814. — IoIiti Alcock, town clerk ; John Alcoi k, Thomas Bailey, Alex- all'ler Ilnnlap. -ele. t I , Benjamin I(.,lle. rcpl .i.-nt.itl. .-. 1815.— John Alcock, town clerk ; T I in- Bail. .. Math. .. l..i-.,ul,. Khciie/.i liay, selectmen ; .lulm \|. ...;., i.-pr. -entati .,-. 1816. — John Alcock, [own clerk; Math.-.. l'..r-aitli, Kli.-n.-/. r Cay, William McKeen, selectmen : John Alcock, representative 1817.— John Alcoi k, town , lerk ; William Mi Keen, Mathew Forsaith, vuuii.-l I ■ I- --I.-. tin.-n ; Ji.lin Al.-,- U. i.-pi.-.-iitatne. ISIS —William McKeen, Jr., town clerk; Mathew Foreaith, William Bailey, Robert ';■■>■•, .Ii . -, -I.-. tmi I- 1 Russell Tubbs, town cli Bailey, l{,,l„,|t ii,.,v,-, .li , select 1822.- Russell Tubbs, town clei Benjamin Bullard, selectmen ; Ru 1823.— Russell Tubbs, town cler Robert i, lale, 1824.— Enoa Bailey, -l.i l'..iil,-j. I.,,,, McKeen, K, I'- ll i I i;i, —_;, ,.- 1 i.-.-iitati\. lv;". — William M.iiialian, t..\. n . l.-rk ; Ebenezer Loveren, William Manaban, Jehu Wilkin-. ><-l>-,-tt.ieii : Salinn-I lireui', leprc.-eiitative. 1836— William Manahan, town clerk ; J,, In, Wilkins, Robi n ■• dali . l-:i„-ii.-/,i M, k.-.-n. -,-le. lm,-ii ; Sainn.-l iln-i;:. i.-pi,-, nt itive. 1837.— Robert G lale, town clerk; .lulu. Wilkins, Ebenezcr It. M, Kc.-n, i:i„-ii,-/.-r I.,,\,i,-n, selectmen; F.heinzer l.a,-r,i.. represent- 1838.— William Manahan town clerk; Ebenezer LovereD, Robert '• I.il'-. l'a.nl l'.,isiilh. -el. , I ii. I.I,, ii,/, r l...\.i,ii. r.pr. .-eiitatice. I >:;'.! — W ill lam Manahan, H.vvn , li-i k . 1'aw.l l',,r-.iilli, .1,-1 in 1 lull hat, i:t„ n, /,-r McKe.-n, -. l.-i I , KI„n,/,-i I.,,„-i,-ii, repr.— -iit.r;.. ]sl",— William Manahan. t....n clerk; .1,-lm Bartlett, Khelie/. ] I. McKeen, James Foreaith 2d), - ;■ - 1 ,,, n . l;.-i„n ii I.il.-, r.-pie-.-i.i. all.- 1841.— William Manahan, town clerk; Ebenezer 1!. McKeen, James l',>lsailli I J.I , .luh 1 1 Wil kills, s,-t,,, tmen ; Ih-bcll la). , I. p I, -en la I I.. - 1842.— William Manahan. town clerk : .lames Foreaith, John Bartlett, Samuel Gregg, select u; John Wilkins, i.pi.-.-iit.iii., 1843. — William Manahan. tnwn , In k . .h-hn B.u ll.-tl. .lam. - I'.. i -.,.•!, . '.-II W I i.u.t Manaliali. 1,-uii , l.-ik . .lam, - I'm sail h, .lull 11 Haiti. It. s.u l'.i,_. -■ ■ w ,i,, M u.aliau, representative. 1845.— William Manahan, town clerk; Robert Goodale, Daniel Wy- man. L.-,,|iar.l M, Keen, -electmcli : W illiam Manahan, represeiitalii >-. 1>4'. — William Fursalth, town clerk ; .L.hn Bartlett. -lain,? F..:-..nli. I II --I. -tin. -ii ; l:.,t„ it I. >>,„lale. representative. 1>4T -Will,.,,,, Forsaith', town clerk; Enoch Hadley, William For- ■ Itl B G bait selectmen: Ja l.-r-aiti.. nptes, nt.iti., I-;- «. ..a- Foreaith town clerk; William Foreaith, Enoch Had- ley, II , .- • ......... I. . in,, i, .l.,n,y. K,,i-.iilh. I, I'lvM-ntative. l^la —Willi. ,m i.-i-aiih. town clerk Horace Gove, Freeman D ■■■ 1850.— William Forsaith, town clerk Bora •• ve, Freeman Dow, r,.u!l,n >n , -,-l,-, im, ii . William I. a-. nil. i. j. tative. 1851 —William Foreaith, town i lerk . Bartlett Simons, Enoch lla.lh-y, William Forsaith, selectmen; John Bartlett, rept ntative 1852.— William Forsaith, town clerk ; William Fi.r^aiih. Leonard M, Kian. .1. v Kllin\v,„„l, -,-h-i tii^.ti . F. I>.,\v, n.,|>ri-<-ntativ,- 1853.— William Forsaith, town clerk ; Enoch Hadley, Leonard Mc- Ki-an, .1. s Kllinw I, SL-I.-, tin, n . F. Dow, representative, 1854.— RuSBell Tubbs, town clerk ; Enoch Hadley, Bartlett Simons, 1 1, -i,„ I i i ,.,-.-. I,-, tin, ii . !■' man l».,\v, r.-i.ta-M-ntative. 1855 James W Ellsworth, town clerk ; Leonard McKean, Hodnej Wilkins, A,1hiii 1»i< k,-> , mil. -. I, atm, n : I. Mi K- an. representative. !>■,,. _i i:,[v i,i, _._. t, A \n il.-tk; l.,-,n.,i,| M-K-ai, It,..lnei WilkinB, Ailatn Hi.-k.-v .- i.lt, ,,-|.-tin.ii . I. M K.-an, i preseotativi i, _.-. ■ Gove, \ n ^ ii-l il - \\ ; .-■ — iii-i\ i,i,;., ii.u ii . 1. il, . H,,iai-,- iluvc, \ ii -_: ii -I ii- W'il-, n. i' ■ ,-, . - l,-< tin, ii . Ikiiiii-I Sum, ii-. i-.-prcsentative. sty Gregg, town clerk ; J S. Ellinvi 1. Samuel H. Jones, : Smith, selectmen ; Reuh.-n L,a,i-,-n. i, |,i,— nialn.-. II.— Lewis lale, town clerk ; J S Ellinw I, Samuel II .' nes : Smith, selectmen ; Reub.-n l...v. t.-n. r- ;,i,-,-iit.ili\,- i2.— Horace Gove, town clerk; !-;,.,, Smith, - II Jones, ( hestei 3.— William A Muszy, town clerk lean m ..>ll. t. I. Ban i 1. Bai . Matthew !>■..-. >.,,,, ,i, , li. _•. t- «n derk; I \ I i: li II. Bartlett, selectmen ; Isaac Smith. re| 1866.— Andrew .1 l..« ke, town clerk . lugtu -ailh. -iinii-l Wil-,ii. M-h-ctlni'ti ; ('. A. Applet., n, I ,pi,--.lit.,ti\ , . 1867 ll I Locke, t,,\Mi« hi k . Anj-i-lii.- W|]-.. li, Matthew !'■ |. -.lith. S-iiiiii- I W i'-ii, -I,-, linen : ('. A. Applet, ,11, l,-pI.-,-,,l ,1 n ,- 1868. IndrewJ. Loi ke, town, lerk ; Matthew Forsaith, Hiram Bt wn, I.'. .1. Itim-ham, M-l.-i tmen . An-ii-lii- \\ il- n. i- ||,-, ntative. 1st,-'. — Jam. - i' lii.a---. li.wnelei-k . Matth.-u Forsaith, I; Dana B. II... II.., k, selectmen . Augustus Wilson, n presentative. 1870.— Cristy Gregg town clerk ; I- I Bartl H D B Hadlock, S II I. i ... Belei 'in, i. : Mattle-u l-..i-..iil.. i. pi.-, ntative 1871.— Cristy Gregg, t t clerk Samuel H Jones, R. J. Bingham, \n,lie\\ I I.... k. . - 1. ■ t . \| .til., i, 1 ■ -i -. ;r I .. i. pi , — -nl ,1 1 , , 1872.— Alvin Tubbs, towncIerk;A .1.1. Royal E Otis, M M. I',„lmaii, -.-I,-, tin, -Il ; It,„lney.l. Panel I ,-pl, -.lilatli --. 1873.— Henry Gove, lowiielerk ; .1. s. i;ilni«, ....:, Alm.m Putney,.!. '.. Putney, i. ... I ■ rry, W 1 i C. Ferry, W lia It. Ha, II... k. I- pi,— litatl- .mi clerk; II. i: mi-, Han Dana It Hadloi k, represenl m «J ^ 7/ 1878.— J. G. Morrill, town clerk, \V. K. Whitaker, Harrison C. Ferry, William T. Smith, selectmen ; Aim. .11 Putney, representative. 187S 1 G Morrill, town clerk; W.F. Whitaker Harris ' Ferry, William T Smith, ■..■!.■. Imi.-ii , Union Pntii.-y, re|.r.wiitiitiie. 1880.— Alvin Tubbs. townrlerk; M. Forsaith, B P I ■■ -•> J - l 11 "- « I, selectmen Chai ' otative. 1881.— Alvin Tubbs, town clerk; 51 Forsaith, R. P. Creesy, J.S. Ellin- 1882.— Alvin Tubbs, town clerk ; M. Forsaith, G -ge H. Sears, Wil- liam H. Gilmore, selectmen ; Scott F. Dow, representative L883.— Alvin Tubbs, town clerk; M. I aith, George H. Sears, Charles F. Gove, selectmen. 1884.— Alvin Tubbs, town clerk ; M. Forsaith, George H. Sears, Charles F. Govi . Belei tmen : Matthew Forsaith, representative. 1885.— Alvin Tubbs, town clerk ; M Forsaith, G ge H. Sears, Wil- liam H (iilm.Mv, selectmen. BIOGRAPHICAL SK ETC IIES. JAMES GREGG. The first name of this family of which we have record is Hugh 1 Gregg, a Scotchman, who had a son, Alexander 2 , who was born November 22 (old style!, 174i;, and died, date unknown. He married Mary Christie-, who was born June 14 (old style), 17411, and died September 13, 1817. The children from this union were Jane 3 , born November 29, 1774, and died September 11, 1822; Hugh 3 , born October 14, 1776, and died April 12, 1859; Peter C.\ horn August 26, 1778, and died in 1869; Alexander 3 , horn November 27, 1780, and died January, 1834; James 3 , born March 29, 1784, and died July 5, 1811 ; Samuel 3 , born April 26, 1786, and died July 13, 1849; Anna 3 , horn August 21, 1789, and died February 4. 1834; Reuben 3 , horn May 19, 1793, and died July 7,1871. Samuel . who died in Deering, N. H., married, first, Lydia Dodge. She was born July 15, 1784, and died November 8, 1826. She had six children,— Eunice 4 , horn January 21, 1812, and married Mr. James Ful- ton, of Deering, whose portrait is to be found in this volume; James*, the subject of this sketch, who was born August 18, 1814, and died, unmarried, February 9,1871; Asenath', horn September 13, 1816, and died September 12, 1855 ; Samuel*, born March 18, L819, and died February 3, 1879; Lydia A.', horn March 6, 1822; Rebecca 4 , born April 5, 1825, and died August 23,1850. The second wife was Mary Currier, who died December 1 1 , 1865. Another very important branch of the Gregg family is that of Anna ; . who was married, in 1810, to Enos Merrill, of Deering, and had seven children, — Anna A.*, born December 5, 1811, and died August 27, 1837; Charlotte L.*, born January 20. 1813, and died April 29, 1861; Hannah 4 , born April 20,1815, and died July 10, 1834; Thomas A. 4 , born March 17, 1817, is living; Mary J. C.\ born February 27, 1819, and died December 6, 1837; Lydia A 4 , born Novem- ber 17, 1825, and died December 30, 1864; Eliza J.', born August 30, 1827, and died September 2, 1854. Mr. Gregg was born in Deering, N. 11. His boy- hood was passed on his father's farm. The common district schools of the town were attended by him, and he early showed a fondness for books, and, desir- ing better educational advantages went to Hopkin- ton Academy for a time, and, later, finished at Han- cock Academy. He learned the mason's trade, and worked at it in the summer mouth- for several years, ami in the winter taught school in 1 leering ami in the adjoining towns, and was successful. Never of a vol. usi constitution, his health failed; and on this account, with a desire for outdoor work, he took up book-canvassing, and, for several years, followed it in many parts of the country, but chiefly through the West. He was careful and prudent in his money matters, and in the western country found it greatly to his advantage to make loans on real estate, bj which means he became rich. Mr. Gregg was a member of the Free-Soil party, entertained broad views on religious subjects, and was liberal in his contributions to the cause of religion. It was during his travels through the country, and from his intimate contact with the people, that he discovered the need of Ilililes among the poorer classes, which need he most nobly met by a gift to the American Bible So- ciety of twenty-three thousand dollars. Mr. Gregg 'lied at the residence of Joseph 11. Vaught, at Shopiere, Wis., where he had made his home for many year-, beloved by all who knew him. and, through the American Bible Society, his influence will lie felt for many years. The beautiful steel portrait of Mr. Gregg was donated by his eldest sister, Mrs. Fulton, of Methuen, Mass. JAMES FULTON. The ancestors of Mr. Fulton were Scotch-Irish, and came to America at an early date. The first definite record is of Robert 1 , of Francestown, X. H., who was born in June. 1752. He married Sarah Brown, who was horn in July, 1750. Her mother came from Scotland and settled in Derry, N. II. Robert 1 had six children, all boys, who were horn as follows: Alexander-, horn May 17. 177.:; Samuel 2 , born June 4. 1775; James 2 , horn October 18, 1777; John-, horn February 0, 1780; Jonathan-', horn June 25, 1782; Robert 2 , horn October 12. 1785. James* married Hannah Faulkner, April 0, 1803. She was horn July 24. 1779, and died Dei embi 1 !0, is:;;;. There were ten children from this union, as follows: Betsy 3 , born December 30, 1803, died No- vember 8, 1828; James 3 (the subject of this sketch), born April 3. 1806; Lyman ', horn December 0, 1807, died December 30,1879; Jenny", horn February 27, l-in, died March 2-. L880; Robert 3 , horn July 2, 1812, is living; Curtis", horn July 31, 1814, died May 2'.'. 1850; Abiel 3 , horn September 18, 1816, died in infamy; Mary : , horn November 10. 1818, died May 10. 1842; Charles ; , horn January 13. 1821, died He- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. cember 30, 1*47 ; Hannah 3 , burn August 25, 1823, is living. Mr. Fulton was born in Deering, N. II. His father, James-', who first saw the light of Jay in the stirring times of the Revolution, was a farmer, and young Fulton, with his brothers, assisted in the farm- work, and, being the oldest boy, was a leader in the work as well as the -ports incident to the times. Hi- educational advantages were limiteJ to such as were obtainable in the common schools of the town. and his attendance there was limited to a few months in the winter season, as the summer months were given to the usual round of farm duties. The farm of the Fultons was one of the best to be found in this rugged section. At the age of twenty-two he left the old home and went into the machine-shop of John Smith & Co., at Andover, Mass., where he remained three and a half years, doing general work for a stipulated sum of money. < >wing to the failing health of his parents. Mr. Fulton returned to the farm, and his father gave him a half-interest in it. and he cared for them as long as they lived. Mr. Fulton was successful as a farmer, and, December 1. 1-::."', married Eunice, daughter of Captain Samuel and Lydia (Dodge) Gregg, of Deering, by which union there were born live children, — Lydia A.', born Sep- tember 23, 1836; Joseph II'.', born September 7. 1839; Hannah J.\ bom August 3, 1842, died October 30, 1881 ; Charles J., 4 born December 25, 1848: MarvE* born July 7, 1853. These children were born in Deering. Joseph IF.' married, first, Laura A. Harnden, who bore him two sons, — James Arthur"' and Warren l rregg 6 , — and she died February 10, 1871. His second wife was Lucy A. Sargent. Charles J.' married Mary A. Wilson, who bore him two children, — John W. 5 and Charles Warren 5 , who died August 12, 1879. Mary E. 4 was married to Irving G. Rowell, of Weare, N. H., and has two children, Alice M.\ born in Manchester, N. IL, and Charles W.\ born in Sunapee, N. II. Mr. Fulton : was a Whig, ami when the Repub- lican party was formed he joined it, and up to the present time has maintained its principles and exer- ci-cd his right of franchise in support of its candi- dal, is to public office. In religious belief Mr. Fulton 3 is a Congregationalist, and has always been a liberal contributor to the support of, and a constant at- tendant upon, public worship, and his daily life has ever been consistent and devoted. Mr. Fulton ■' held a commission from Governor Hill as captain in the New Hampshire militia. In 1873, his parents having passed away. Mr. Fulton : sold the farm in Deering and removed to Methuen, Mass., where his two sons had established themselves in a successful mercantile business, and there, in a pretty cottage in the suburbs of that lovely village, he is passing his declining years, in company with hi- beloved wife, surrounded by com- forts befitting the closing years of a successful life. t&irrz&J J/6 ; ///v// HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH. REV. HARRY BRICKETT, M. CHAPTER I. The town of Hillsborough 1ms made a good record among the towns of Hillsborough County, to which it has had the honor of giving its name. It is my purpose to sketch briefly its history. The litera- ture of the town, the sources from which its history may be gathered, and from which I shall truly glean, are rich in facts— in some cases scattered very widely at random— and are as follows: 1. " The Annals of Hillsborough," by Charles .lames Smith, of Mont Vernon, delivered in a lecture before the Hillsborough Lyceum in 1841, it being the one hundredth anniver- sary of the first settlement of the town, rich in scattered material and full of genuine interest, show- ing commendable accuracy of research. Mr. Smith was then a young man, twenty-one years of age. lie is enjoying life at home in Mont Vernon. II. A very readable article in the first volume of the Granite Monthly, published at I loncord, from the pen of ( lolo- nel Franklin H. Pierce, of Hillsborough, a member of the bar, recently appointed judge-advocate of the Amoskeag Veterans, and United States consul to •Matanzas, Cuba. Mr. Pierce is the nephew, name- sake and heir of the late ex-President Franklin Pierce. III. Facts gathered and published under the title of " Early Town Papers," by Hon. Isaac W. Hammond, of Concord, Deputy Secretary of State. IV. "Military History of New Hampshire," by the late Hon. Chandler E. Potter, of Hillsborough. V. " History of New Hampshire ( 'luircbcs," by Rev. R.S. Lawrence. VI. The will-kept records of the town. VII. "Tin' Press of Hillsborough County," prepared by Edward D. Boylson, of Amherst, a practical printer, an interesting and valuable history. In addition, I should mention the memory of aged citizens of the town, to whose well-told tales of early times in Hills- borough I have often listened with thrilling interest: such as the late James Chase. Perkins Cooled ■ Ion athan Gould, Captain William Booth and the ven- erated school-teacher of the long ago, Miss Clarissa Stow, daughter of Deacon Joel Stow, of Stow Moun- tain farm. It will appear from the records that the first settlers did good, if not the best, work. They were men and women, too. of pluck and endurance, just the ones to settle in what was then a wilderness infested with what were objects of terror to women. — bears and In- dians. Their hardy frontier life titted the men to become good soldiers. In all the wars in which the nation has been in- volved, — the Cape Breton War, from 17-14 to 174U. in- clusive; the French ami Indian War; the War of the American Revolution ; the War of 1812; the Florida War; the war with Mexico, undertaken " to conquer a peace : " the War of the Rebellion, the fiercesl and bloodiest of them all, — in all these wars Hillsborough lias had a full part; its men have fought in the Held, their blood has been shed and lives have been sacri ficed. Hillsborough has furnished a full share of brave officers who led "to victory or to death." It will lie found that the early settlers of the town were simple and frugal in their habits, and in their food made free use of milk and broth. It was the day of samp and bean porridge. The forests abounded in wild game, --the bear, the moose and the deer. The drumming of the partridge was heard in all directions, ami the brooks and rivers afforded a plentiful supply of fish, — the trout, the perch and the salmon. Trav- eling for the most part was on foot ; the roads were simply bridle-paths for years, and ail riding was on horseback, often two on the same animal. The pil- lion was a well-known article, and one often used on Sundays. As it is not originality of fact-, but only their dis- covery, solution, right arrangement and clear state- ment, that is required of a historian, I shall take well- authenticated facts from whatever source I may be aide without, in all cases, statitcj tin- source. It will be my object to condense into the smallest compass that will allow the presentation of the most important and interesting facts in the clearest light. 1 desire lo bring Hillsborough, past and present, its original settlers. it> military achievements, its topog- raphy, the occupations of its citizens, its corporate industries, its professions, its progress in social life, in fine, Hillsborough and all that concerns it,— into a full and clear view. Very likely, after the greatest care in sifting facts that is possible, some things, taken for granted because so many times repeated without :-;:>:! HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. contradiction, may be over or understated, and at this lapse of time, and especially mi account of the dis- appearance of several generations of actors and the absence of well-authenticated documents, it may he found impossible to get any nearer the truth. It has recently been stated, on reliable authority, — of Walter Gibson, A. B., historian of Concord, — that original documents ami records of several towns, including Hillsborough, were known to be in existenci in 181~>, in the possession of uneSarson Belcher, a hatter of Boston, deceased. Mr. Belcher was the executor of the will of Colonel John Hill, proprietor of the town of Hillsborough, and for whom the town was named. It is is hoped, though not confidently ex- pected, that these papers may yet lie in the posses- sion of Belcher's heir-, and may tall into the bands of the loeal historians of the towns interested, viz. : Hillsborough, Bindge, >"•« Boston and Peterborough. They woldd hi' of great value, whether corrobora- tive or corrective. Topography.— The town of Hillsborough is in the northwest corner of Hillsborough ( 'minty. The original grant to Colonel Hill was for a section "about six miles square." Looking at it on a good map, it has the appearance of having two opposite parallel sides pressed a little together, forcing, thereby, an acute ust one of the .-ides of Sullivan County and the town of Washington, in that county, and forcing a corner of Hillsborough into that town a considerable distance. It is bounded on the north by Washington and Bradford, on the east by Henniker, on the south by Deering and Antrim and on the west by Windsor and Washington. It is in latitude i' } , '>' north and in longitude 5° 5' east. Its first line, beginning at the southeast corner of Henniker, deflects to the south 5° 30' from due west. The surface of the town is greatly diversified with hill and valley, so much so that it is popularly, though erroneously, believed that this fact gave to the town its name of Hills- borough. There is, however, a limited extent of level land along th urse of it- streams. Rivers. — The town is liberally, more than the aver- age, supplied with living streams of water. The largest of these is the Contoocook, an important river, that assumes the name Contoocook — an Indian name meaning a place of crows—just as it enters the limits of the town at the corners of Deering and Antrim It is formed by the union of two consider- able streams, called, respectively, the South Branch and the North Branch, forming a union near the corners above mentioned. The principal stream — the South Branch — takes its rise in the elevated swamps of Bindge, in full view from the railroad between Peterborough and Win- ehendon. It is augmented by streams from the eastern slope of the Monadnock Mountain and from the numerous lakelets lying at its base. It is still further increased by the drainage of Peterborough, « rreenfield in part. Bennington, Hancock and Stoddard in part, so that it becomes of itself no inconsiderable stream. But as it enters Hillsborough it is greatly increased in quantity of water by the confluence of the North Branch, which rises in Horse-shoe Pond, on the west side of Lovell's Mountain, in Washing- ton, forming Long Pond in Stoddard, flowing through a portion of Antrim, giving its own name to a flourishing village in the town of Antrim. Flowing a short distance in Hillsborough, which it enters on the south line, passing through the Lower village, it soon receives the waters of the Hillsborough River, SO called, and the united streams join the South Branch, and they together form the Contoocook. The Hillsborough River takes its first supply from the drainage of the eastern slope of Lovell's .Moun- tain, increased by a stream Mowing from the marshy grounds of Bradford. It runs somewhat diagonally through the town for a distance of about seven miles. It is increased also by the drainage of the ponds in Windsor and from the Symond meadows, in Hills- borough. The stream which comes from the west does good work in turning wheel and driving ma- chinery at the Upper Village, in Hillsborough. The Hillsborough River joins with the North Branch near the foundry near the residence, for so many years, of Major Charles I). Bobbins, now of Bradford. The Contoocook, thus formed, becomes an important river, bearing an unfailing supply of water, available for industrial purposes as it (lows through the Hills- borough Bridge village, and for its size it is doubtful if it can lie surpassed by any stream in New England. There is descent enough for all practical purposes, and suitable locations for mills for a long distance down the river. There is no reason in the nature of things — except distance lrom market — why it should not, in time, create a rival of Lawrence or Lowell. The town is also well watered with brooks, one plentifully supplied with the speckled trout, but which are, for the most part, anions the g 1 things that were, but are not. There are also three con- siderahle ponds in town, viz.: Loon, a half-mile north of the Centre; Contention, about a mile northwest of Loon; and Campbell's Pond, in the eastern part, near the Henniker line and in the neighborhood of Jonathan Gould. Loon Pond deserves the name of a lake. It is much frequented as a summer resort. Seekers of rest and recreation began living in tents, as in tin- nomadic age; now cottages are going up on its shores. It abounds in bass, pickerel and pouts, and, in their season, the water lily. As has been said, it well deserves the name of lake, for it is about two miles in length by three-quarters of a mile in width in its widest part. It is nearly surrounded with a fine forest growth. The waters arc clear, cool in the hottest weather, and deep, and tin- fish caught from it are consequently of line flavor and of the b.,t quality. Those who own the land bordering claim the sovereignty of its waters; never- theless it is open and free to all comers. The late HII.LSIiOROUGH. ;;:):: John Gilbert, of Boston, who owned a summer resi- dence at the Centre, to which he had all his children and grandchildren repair to spend the summer months, had a well-trodden path to the harbor, where he kept his boats upon its cool and salubrious waters. A- a regular caiuping-LiTound lor spending one's vaca- tion, Loon Pond was first brought prominently into notice by Rev. Harry L. Brickett, of Lynnfield ('.■ntre, Mass., the successful principal of Valley Academj and Union School, at Hillsborough Bridge, for three years, from 1876 to 1879, inclusive. Here he spent his summer vacations, in good part residing in camp and fishing. He entertained hosts of friends with fried lish and chowders which he prepared with his own hands, to the enjoyment of those who visited him, camping in the quiet and beauty of this sylvan lakeside retreat. Now the enterprising editor of the Hillsborough Messenger, Charles W. Hutchins. lias built a summer-house for campers upon its banks, and every year many are the camping-parties that make merry upon its pleasant shores. The writer would suggest that, in memory of the late John Gilbert, of Boston, who for many years has done so much for Hillsborough Centre, it be called Lake Gilbert. Although the surface is so much diversified with hills and valleys, yet its elevations are hardly high enough to be called mountains, and most of the land has, at some time, been cleared to the very top of its highest hill. There is, however, one elevation famous in the early settlement of the town, which has received the name of Stow's Mountain., located in the north- west part of the town, in what is now best known as the Edgar Hazen neighborhood, and in that school district. Deacon Joel Stow (the father of one better known than he, — Clarissa Stow, to whom so many owe their first good start in learning) lived on the southeast slope of this mountain. Justus Pike lived highest up. A fen years ago— just before the war— liis house was taken down, brought to Hillsborough Bridge, and re-erected as a tenement-house just in the rear of the Methodist meeting-house. A part of the farm of James M. Wilkins, near tin- Centre, — which, by the way, is made to he a very pro- ductive farm, — is on very high ground. As you go east towards Henniker from his farm the land rises to a great height, from which the view on a clear daj is extensive and grand. A lon- stretch of the White Mountain range is seen, and sometimes Mount Wash- ington itself. The lowest part of the town is a little to the east of Hillsborough Bridge. It is up-hill from the bridge every way. except along the river road leading from Henniker to Peterborough, through Hillsborough Bridge village. That, for the most part, is a level road. The land rises gradually from the valley of the Con- toocook, going north. A very hilly road leads from the Bridge village to the Centre through -one of che best farms in town, — Baker's, Dutton's, the Clarkes', Taylor's and others. Another road, ci'"ssiuj.r the road from Hillsborough Bridge to the Lower village, at the distance of one mile, at the Deacon Sawyer place, now owned and occupied by Gawn Mills, leads over Bible Hill, owned and occupied by good farmers, then de- scends into a fertile valley, whence it climbs the rest of the way to the Centre. About two miles further south is the Old New Hampshire turnpike, leading through the Lower and Upper villages and on to Washington. The roads through the Centre lead lo East Washington and Bradford. Overthese roads, and converging towards the same point, the Centre, all of the people of the town once traveled on the Lord's Day to the one house of worship. The Centre was once an important village, and had its store and blacksmith-shop; but these long since disappeared. Death and removals have thinned its population and weakened its strength, old and venerable men, once its strength and pride, have been dropping away one by one. and few young people are willing to stay on the good old farms to make their places good. The recent death of Mr. John Gilbert, a native of the Centre, a resident and business man in Boston during inaii\ years, has saddened the hearts of the people at the Centre, among whom he was accustomed to spend the summer months at bis residence there. The Soil.— Hillsborough has a strong and, for the most part, productive soil, complained of, however, by not a tew, for its rocks and for being hard to cultivate. It once abounded in forests, some of which now re- main, greatly diminished — especially within easy reach of the railroad station— during the last, twenty- five years. As a compensation for this, large tracts of hill land Lave been allowed to return again to the condition of forests. Much of the new growth is now large enough lor lumber. The tall and stately white pines that once abounded, reserved in the orig- inal charter for the King's navy, have now almost wholly disappeared, though, as it turned out, Kin- George had but very few of them. Most of those now standing are of second growth. The trees in the forests are of the usual kind found in other towns in tin- vicinity, — such as hemlocks, spruces (not so abundant), the ash, the oak (of several kinds, white and red), beech, white, red and rock or sugar maple, the butternut, fir-balsam (rich in liquid gum) and the cherry. The sugar maple (Acer sun-hart nam) deserves especial notice. It abounds in town. These Hers have been spared in the general demolition for their value as deposits from which sugar is so readily ob- tained at a season of the year when other kinds of work are not so pressing. In one section of the town the sugar orchards of Wilkins, Clark Brothers and Dr. Dutton are noted for the quality and amount of sugar produced. The Clark Brothers exhibited specimens at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876, and received honorable mention, and a correspondence was solicited by the agent of the French government 394 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. in regard to the subject ami was carrier] mi from the department at home, in Paris. The writer of this ar- ticle had the pleasure of reading and translating the letters to the (.'lark Brothers from Paris, and knows that they were full of valuable information on the subject of sugar products and highly complimentary to the Chirks. Great pains are taken by the best sugar-makers to keep the sap perfectly sweet and clean from its exu- dation from the tree to its entering the evaporating apparatus, s<> that it comes to market white, clean and pure. Settlements. — The first settlement in Hillsbor- ough, made in 1741, was one hundred and eighteen years after the first made in the colony, in Dover, in lti2:;, under the lead of Gorges & Mason, proprietors, by the favor of James I., of England. They sent out two small colonies. Their charter, embracing New Hampshire, included the territory lying between the sea and the St. Lawrence, and the rivers Kennebec and Merrimack. Massachusetts colony set up a claim to New Hampshire, in part, to all north of the Merri- mack, and for many years the two colonies were united under one government. But in 1741, the very year that the first settlement was commenced in Hills- borough (then called No. 7). a final separation was effected between the two colonies. The separation was peaceably gained. The first known visit of white men to I lite- site of Hillsborough was in that year. Before 1741 it had been the unrestricted ami favorite resort of Indians, as is known by the numerous Indian implements dug up in the process of cultivating the land with the plow anil hoe along the margins of the streams. Where Hillsborough Bridge village stands (a place where there are natural falls in the river) it appears that they had a common resort. It is supposed thai the Pennicook tribe claimed the whole region bor- dering the Contoocook River through its entire length. Traces of thai tribe have been found along the whole of that river and its tributaries, even to the region id' the Monadnock. Indian relics have been found through the valleys bordering the Contoocook and its tributaries. In the year 1741 Hillsborough was an unbroken forest; not only so, it was the part of an almost un- broken wilderness, extending west to the Connecticut River and to the north indefinitely. Here and there a few settlements had been commenced, — one such by a single family in Antrim. In that year the boundary line was definitely settled between the colonies of Mas- sachusetts and New Hampshire by a royal decree of Charles I., of England, and the township of Hills- borough (No. 7) was granted by Massachusetts to Colonel John Hill. He afterwards obtained a quit- claim from the original proprietors or their heirs. Gorges & Mason. He could then give an undoubted title to the land to those who came and bought of him. Colonel Hill immediately employed and sent a com- petent surveyor from Boston to run the town lines and divide it into one hundred acre lots, and at once threw the land open for settlement. A small party re- sponded favorably to bis invitation, and came on to make themselves homes at a great distance from neighbors. The First Settlers.— The principal of the first to come with axe and pick-hoe were Samuel Gibson, .lames Lyon. Robert McCluer and James McColley. Ihe new settlers set themselves vigorously at work. They wrought with a will in felling trees, clearing with tire and axe, and putting in seed so as to raise something to keep the wolf — hunger — from the door and supply other necessaries of life; tor at their dis- tance from any market it would not be easy to con- vert ready money — if they had any that was converti- ble — into bread, meat, garments and other necessa- ries. Wool and Sax, their own products, wrought into form by the skill and industry of woman's hands, milk from the home cow. bread from the growth of the newly-cleared fields, meat brought down by the trusty rifle were the means by which the early set- tlers lived in those early "(lays that tried men's souls." But not only for themselves at their homes, but for those, too, in the tield fighting in a common cause, must they make provision. They bravely met all these numerous demands. As an evidence of their good faith in starting this new settlement, they began from the very first to make provision to supply their spiritual wants which they regarded as absolutely imperative. They built a meeting-house, presumably of hewn logs, for at that early day. 1741 to 174f>. there were no saw-mills in the limits of the town, and none nearer than New Boston. It met their wants. In one luxury, how- ever, they indulged. The meeting-house was fur- nished with glass windows and with a bell, in use — at bast a few years ago — in ( iroton, Mass. This build- ing was located, as is believed, on the site of the buildings of the Clark Brothers, about half-way be- tween the Bridge and Centre villages. At the same place they erected also a parsonage. Young men came with their wives to create a I • for themseh es and families, as they hoped, for life. Itrequiredno small courage for tender and delicate women, in the freshness of their lives, to start for a howling wilder- ness full of terrors, at least for women and children, — terrors from hostile Indians, against whom it was necessary to keep a constant watch and guard. The Indian- doubtless felt that they were an injured race, as thc-\- saw their hunting and fishing-grounds inter- fered with by the pale-faces, and their forests disap- pearing under the blows of the woodman's axe and the fire. There, too. roamed ai large the bear, some- times exceedingly tierce when called upon to defend her young, provoked then to show signs of hostility. James McColley, of Scotch Irish descent, a native of the north of Londonderry, which has furnished men unsurpassed in noble and heroic achievements, HILLSBOROUGH. took up his place of abode at what is now the Bridge village, on the ground now familiarly known as the Gyrus Sargent place, owned and occupied at the pres- ent time by the Hoyts. He built his log cabin— all the first hi 'uses were ot'logs — beside a huge granite bi tuli ler, which many years ago was blasted into fragments for building purposes and cleared wholly away. In this rude cabin was horn into his family, January 18, 1742, the first child bom of white parents in the town of Hillsborough. He was named John. He grew up to have a history. At an early age John McColley became a soldier in the King's army against tin- French and Indians; af- terwards he was a soldier in the American army against the same King (George the Third), and was among those sent to drive Burgoyne out of the coun- try. This campaign was the turning-point in the War of the Revolution. Another event, which also proved to be historical, took place in No. 7, the new town just settled. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born into the family of Samuel Gibson, in another log cabin, built where S. M. Baker now lives, on the road from the Bridge to the Centre, May 19, 1742, just four months, lacking a day, from the birth of John McColley. In due time, at an early age,— early enough, twenty-five years — they were married in Litchfield, received a present of a farm from Colonel Hill, the proprietor, and re- moved to Hillsborough and made it their home. In the same year (1741 ), ami perhaps at the same time, came Francis Graham— a name afterwards changed to Grimes, as the name Graham itself has been changed from tin- old Scotch Graeme. Francis Graham was the grandfather of John Grimes, himself the father of a large family, a- families are now reckoned, — six sons and two daughters. ( Ine of these children died in infancy. The oldest of his sons, Hiram, is the father of Colonel James F. Grimes, whose life will be briefly sketched in this history. So far a- can be traced, the third child born in the town was Ann Graham, daughter of Francis; born in 174H; married Deacon William McKean and died July 12, 1825. Deacon McKean was grandfather of Frank McKean, once candidate for Governor in the State. The name Graham, as has been stated, became, for some reason not now known, changed to < rrimes. It would be interesting to know, if we could, the amount of land cleared, the number and quality of the buildings erected and the number and names of the children born during this first settlement, lasting from 1741 to 1746. We must remember that Hills- borough was then absolutely new to white men; it was a wilderness, and a part of a still larger wilder- ness, with only here ami there an opening, hardly making a noticeable break in the mighty stretch of forests that covered the entire land. New Boston had a few settlers; Peterborough and Hopkinton a few; Antrim had one in the very northeast corner of the town, nearest Hillsborough. Neighbors were not 21) near enough to annoy in times of peace, nor to aid in times of danger from any sudden irruption id' sav- ages or beasts. The Cape Breton War. 1744-46.— It is easy to conceive the alarm felt in the little settlement when, in three years from the time of their coming, in 1744, news came that war had been declared between France and ( treat Britain, and ilia i. in consequence of that declaration of hostilities, the colonists in New England were affected unfavorably. A war on this side of if.' water, called " the Cape Breton War," was waged with great severity. An expedition was fitted out, in which New Hampshire bore a large share, the aim of which was to capture Louisburg, on Cape Breton, in Nova Scotia. 'I'll,' expedition was started in the autumn of 1744. Louisburg fell into their hands in the spring of 171"'. By the fall of this fort- ress the French were greatly enraged. The Indian allies of the French were urged— nothing loth— to make a destructive invasion upon the thinly-settled towns in New Hampshire. These reports caused a hasty retreat of the new settlers from their rudely- constructed homes. They made the more haste from the news that came from Hopkinton, with only the township of Henniker between them and their treach- erous foes, — the distance only some twelv : fifteen miles. They had learned that a large body of Indians— they went in companies of fifty or sixty— wer i the war-path, and made, in the dead "I night, an irruption into Hopkinton on the 22d of April, 174ii. By the negligence of one who had gone out to hunt, the door of the block-house had been carelessly left unfastened. The Indians rushed in fully armed, and seized and carried oil' eight prisoners. When the Indians were about there was no safety in isolated houses, for they kept themselves hid for the most pari during the day ; if they did not, they showed no open hostility ; but in the darkness of the night, dur- ing the defenseless hours of sleep, they made their attacks with tomahawk, scalping-knife and tire. Common prudence seemed to make it necessary for the settlers, few in numbers and scattered at wide intervals over the town, to leave. Tin' Cape Breton War virtually closed between France and England soon after the fall of Louisburg ; but the Indians were slow to learn it and unwilling to settle down in peace. The only way in which the settlers in new towns could stay was by converting their strongest house into a block-house lor a common defense. The doors and windows were strongly barricaded, and all the inhabitants brought into it for protection. All work outside was done under the protection of an armed guard, and the greatest precaution would be taken against surprises. The news of the attack of the Indians upon Hopkinton in the dead of night, and tin' seizure of prisoners, caused a sudden departure of all the original s.-ttlers from the place. So, conceal- ing, a- tar a- practicable, their heavier articles of furniture and implements of husbandry, carrying :i:m; HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. lighter articles by hand and driving their cattle be- fore them, they start for the lower towns. Indians had been seen lurking about the tails, where the Bridge village is, so they thought it prudent to Start at once. Philip Riley, the only settler at the time in Antrim, the one referred to as living in the northeast corner of the town, on what is familiarly known as the Whittemore place (formerly the home of Judge Jacob Whittemore), wont with them and acted as guide. They were more than satisfied with their ex- perience of frontier life. The first settlement con- tinued five years or a little more,— from 1741 to 174fl. Fear of the Indians drove them away. We can see that the first settlers did not leave without g I cause, I learn from the " Military History of New Hamp- shire," u ritten with great painstaking and accuracy of detail by the late Judge C. E. Potter, a resident of Hillsborough, that the (ape Breton War was under- taken mainly to wrest the fortress of Louisburg ouf of the hands of the French, through the New Eng- land troops, under command of Major Vaughn, of Portsmouth. Governor Benning Wentworth was the first < rovernor of the colonj of New Hampshire, and he entered vig- orously into making preparations for the di fense of the colony. In May, 1744, he sent out forty-one men under Captain TebbitS as scouts. These were not ordered to any particular place, hut to 1 i the lookout for the enemy, wherever they mighf be found. Some guards were statu 1 at the most ex- posed places, as at Canterbury, Contooeook and some other posts. Colonel Potter has given the muster- roll of Captain Tebbits. He has also given the mus- ter-roll of the men enlisted under ( 'aptain ( 'lough, as volunteers to keep garrison where ordered. In the autumn of 1744 the plan was arranged by Major Wil- liam Vaughn, of Portsmouth, for the capture of Louisburg. It was matured during the winter of 1744-45, and the expedition set sail in March tor i!i< place ,,1' rendezvous. Louisburg was the strong- hold of the French on this continent, and from this place expeditions were titled out against the English colonies in this country. It was thought that, as this was the very key to the French possessions on this continent, nothing should lie left undone to gel pos- session of it. New Hampshire furnished for this campaign live hundred men, one-eighth of all the forces employed. A part of these served under Col- onel Moore, of Portsmouth, line hundred and fifty of the New Hampshire men were attached to a .Mas- sachusetts regiment. Louisburg fell into the hands of its assailants June l 7. 1745. Notwithstanding the tall of their stronghold, and perhaps in consequence of it. the French incited the Indians to renewed hostilities, so that they kept the people continually harassed, and oftentimes tilled with terrors at the unknown evils that might befall them. The people did their planting under the pro- tection oi a strong armed guard. Whenever a man had occasion to go to a neighbor's on an errand, he carried a loaded gun. Whenever he went to his bam, he went armed. While some were listening to a sermon inside the church, armed men walked to and IV.. on the outside for the s;.ke of prole, lion : and in case ,,(' the announcement of danger seen, the wor- shipers instantly seized their arms, and were ready for action at a minute's notice. As has been said, the Indians went in large parties of fifty or sixty. It is said that in Rumford (now Concord), August 10, 174U. a party was ambushed by the Indians; five were killed outright, two were taken prisoners; only one escaped. And this was done between two garrisons with full complements of men. and the most distant not more than a mile and a hah from the place. The French and Indian War, 1754r-63. — A greater war than the Cape Breton War broke out in 1754, called the French and Indian War, and continued until 1763, when, after various engage- ments resulting in great loss of blood and life on both sides, a treaty of peace was signed at Paris. It was in this war that Braddock was killed and Wash- ington fleshed his virgin sword in blood, and bravely conducted the defeated army from the very jaws of destruction into a place of safety. The experience thus gained aided Washington in after years in lead- ing the small yet heroic armies of the new republic safely on to victory and independence. New Hampshire bore a full share in this ill-fated war. — a war, forth.- most [.art. with savages, seem ing Ij without heart or conscience ; a war in which women and children wen- often the helpless victims; a war full of terrors, especially to the unarmed and defense- less. In 1763 it came to an end. In the mean time Colonel Hill had matured all the plans for resettling the town, now that danger from Indians lurking to kill wasover, and he was prepared, with the grant from Massachusetts, sanctioned by Governor Wentworth, and with a quit-claim from heirs of (Jorgcs & Mason, original proprietors, to give satisfactory titles to the laud. Resettlement.— In 1763, the year the last-named war closed. Colonel Hill had employed Daniel Camp- bell, of Amherst, a skillful surveyor, to run out anew the lines of the town, and divide it into one hun- dred acre lots. Soon settlers began to pour in who had come prepared to stay. The following is the list of those who were known to be there in 1767. One family came before the war closed. — in 1762, live years before. The rest came a few at a time, and were these, viz.: John McColley, Captain Samuel Bradford, Lieutenant Samuel Bradford, Jonathan Durant, Jon- athan Easty, Timothy Wilkins, John Gibson, Samuel Gibson, William Williams, Benjamin Lovejoy, Wil- liam l'ope, Jonathan Sargeant, Moses Steel, I-a.rc Baldwin, William Taggarl, Isaac Andrews. Ofthese, it will be remembered that John McColley was the HILLSBOROUGH. 397 fiist-born son and child in town. The two Gibsons were younger brothers of McColley's wife. The first settlers — who left during the Cape Breton War — never came backto Hillsborough to reside. Of these, there were eight or ten families living at the Centre, the Bridge and near the meeting-house which they had built, located between the two. On the return of peace everything was favorable for success. Those who purchased could obtain a good title to their land. True, they "ere not wholly relieved from anxiety from fear of the Indiana ; still, they knew that they had the protection of the militia ami every able-bodied man belonging to it, which could be called out for defense in seasons of danger at the shortest notice. The in- vestment in Hillsborough lands seemed to be popular. Lands were bought not for speculation, but tor homes. Men — young men — came with their wives, calculating to he contented ami stay. A won I of admiration is due to the eon rag eon- eon pie Daniel Murphy and his wife, who came from Chester, and settled on what was afterwards named, and has since been called, Bible Hill. They were truly pioneers. The traces of his cellar on the old Symonds place (now owned and occupied by Alonzo Tuttle) have been seen by persons now living. It is reported that at one time he left his wife alone more than two weeks, with no human habitation nearer than New Boston. Mr. Smith, the first annalist of Hillsborough, tells the story so well that I will quote his exact lan- guage— • 1 1., v .|. - -l..i. .,m i li:i\. I Hint siln.ili-.il in this ilroary solitude ! Sin- afterwards ivl.it. •.! thul ..ii mi. . ..'.... -i mi .,ver|.i.ueie.l tt'i.- sin M ;. sense of her Ion. -1 1 in--, ml -. ,1,.ii,.iis in h.ai the s. .iiinl ..fa lnu mm vi.i.v answering to her own, that at midnight, when no sound was audible save the distant howl of the famished wolt ami tie- .ii-ti.nt , n,.| t|., \v.i\i ii£ pin.', si i. v, . hi i. .it I. from In -I hut a i el .Ti.-.l . 1 1,. i i.l at the h.a-iil of her voire, that she mi^tit hear the res|miistv 1 - Ii n- 111 i . -n- 1 (lie dim aisles ..t the I'.. rest.' 1 It was through many perils, inconveniences and personal sacrifices that the town was reclaimed from it> wilderness condition and made to he. ■nine the pleas- ant abode of civilized life. For some time Murphy's family bore the strain of entire solitude. Unless they had become misanthropic through living a lone, I should think the sight of other settlers must have been a joy. .us one. Man was made for social life. Society, as a rule, is indispensable to complete development. CHAPTER U. HILLSBOROUGH- (.',./. I). Incorporation of Town— The Fust Town-Meeting— The American Revo- lution, 1775-83— Veterans in the War— The Co It Bridge- Witches— Legends— Wild Game. Incorporation of Town. — Hillsborough, having at the time twenty-two freeholders, was i 1 1 . < ■ t p. irate. I as a town in 1772, through the agency of Isaac An- drew-. Ks'p It is related that he seeured the- services ..I'.'; i ■ . . i l •_ ivgational minister, Rev. James Scales, of Hopkinton, the first minister of the town, to draw up the petition. This is one of those incidental facts which slum- two things: first, that the clergj at that day were expected to know much relating to public business, ami, secondly, that the estimation in which they were held was a right one. The chartei of in- corporation bears the date " November 1 1. 1775," ami was issued in the mime of " ( teorge the Third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King. Defender of the Faith," etc., "by and with the advice of our truly .and well-beloved John Went- worth, Esq., Governor and Commander-in-chief of our province of New Hampshire," etc. The bounda- ries of the town are recited in the charter, and are marked by numbers placed upon beech-trees. The surveyor begins at the southeast corner of the town, the same as the southwest corner of Henniker, from a beech-tree marked 7, perhaps because the township was originally " No. 7." From that tree is tht southern line of Hillsborough, south. 84 ":!()' west— this means that the line deflects to the south 5 30' from tin exact east and west lim — to another beech- tree marked 7, 8 and s l, till the first-marked beech-tree is reached. In the charter till the white pines in the town are reserved for the King's use. Colonel Hill paid a liberal fee to Governor John Wentworth for signing his name to the charter, viz. : a sum equivalent to fifty dollars in gold. But, then, h must be remembered he could afford to pay liberally to ha\ •■ bis name transmitted to posterity in the name ot the town; yet, strange to say, some think it is called Hillsborough because the land is so hilly. Some, more learned than wise, suppose it ret iiaim "Wilis Hills, the Earl of Hillsborough. who was one of the Privy Council of George the Third, and whose residence was, at Hillsborough, in I he county of Down, in Ireland." It is said that, it was originally named Hillborough, and that the s was inserted by a popular drift of pronunciation, ami is now established by the law of usus loquendi. 1 think the fifty dollars given to Governor Wentworth for signing the charter settles the question that it was named for Colonel John Hill, the proprietor. The First Town-Meeting.— The first town-meet- ing was held on Bible Hill, at Captain Bradford's tavern, — the first one built in town, — November i'l I77i'. Captain Isaac Baldwin presided as moderator and Isaac Andrews was elected town clerk. At that meeting it was voted to accept the charter, and Isaac Andrews. John McColley, Daniel Mi Neil. Isaac I'.ahl- win and William Popi — six noblemen and the an- cestors of noble men— were elected -clectmen. First Meeting-House— The first meeting-house was burnt during the time, between the two set- tlements, wdien the town was destitute of inhabit- ants. Common rumor, right or wrong, fixes tin ad of burning upon one Keyes, of Weare, who, happen- ing that way after all the inhabitants had left through 398 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. fear of the Indians, and having taken out the glass window-, and buried them for his own use, set fire to the building, Nero-like, for the wicked pleas- ure of -''.-111;; it burn. As relics of the red men in the place, there were found buried in the earth im- plements of their daily use, such as spoons, ladles, pestles for pounding grains, hatchets, tomahawks, hooks and various other things wrought of stone or bone. The American Revolution, 1775-83.— The second settlement had barely got under way when the great American Revolution broke out. The quarrel "as of long standing. Repeated acts of injustice and oppres- si Irove our forefathers into opposition to the aets of King and Parliament, and from opposition to open war in defense of their rights by the arbitrament of arms. In this war of nearly eight years Hillsborough bore a full share. The town of Hillsborough bore their part in furnishing recruits for the army. It should be borne in mind that the settlers forming the second and permanent settlement had been in the town but a very few years when the news of the battles of Lexington and Concord bridge electrified the whole country with a cry "To arms, to arms, and avenge our slaughtered countrymen !" Hillsborough caught the cry, and echoed it. This seems the hest place to insert the names of those who responded favorably to this appeal,— those who did service for the country as soldiers in some capacity, as officers or privates, in the War of the Revolution, some of whom laid down their lives on the battle-field, while somi bore the -cars of battle to their graves. Veterans in the War.— The names are as follows without their titles: Benjamin Pierce, Isaac Baldwin, Ammi Andrews, Isaac Andrews. Jr., Moses Steel. William Pope, Thomas Murdough, Solomon An- drews, John McNeil, Silas Cooledge, Samuel Brad- ford, Jr., John McColley. Samuel Symonds, William Booth. Asa Wilkins, Nathan Taylor, William Tag- gart, James Taggart, Archibald Taggart, Joseph Taggart, John Taggart, Roberl Taggart, Nathaniel Johnson, Jacob Flint. James Gibson, William Jones, Jr., Baxter How, William Symonds, Zachariah Rob bins, William Gammell, Nathaniel Parmenter, David Munroe, Timothy Grey, Thadius Monroe, Nathaniel Colby, Nathan Mann, and Daniel Kellom — thirty-six men. and six of the -ame family name. Neither is it likely that these are all. So many names, at any rate, have been rescued from oblivion. They deserve of us to be written in letters of gold. II every town then settled in New Hampshire -cut as large a proportion of their whole population to the war, then surely New Hampshire did Iter share. Some of the mimes in this list tire already historic names, — heroes and the ances- tors of heroes. Some of the men deserve special no- tice lor the part they took in the war and for personal bravery on the field of battle. It would he a grateful task to the historian to say something of each, did space permit, and recount in detail the praiseworthy deeds they performed at their country's call for their country's good. We will never forget their names, nor i lie on,, great act of heroism,— their going forth to fight for their country. We will gratefully transmit their memory down the generations. As Captain Baldwin was the first of Hillsborough's men to die, — killed while doing his duty on the held. — as well as the very fust to enlist from the town and secure the enlistment of others, it is proper that he should precede his brethren-in-arms on the histor- ian's page. Captain Baldwin was born in Sudbury, Mass., in 1736, and was thirty-nine years of age when the War of the Revolution broke out. He married Eunice Jennison, of Natick, Mass., and, as has been already said, had come to Hillsborough in ITiiT. near the time of the beginning of the second settlement. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and when the news of the battles of Lexington and Concord came he was at work at his trade in 1 leering framing a barn. Captain Baldwin was used to war, and had been, with Stark, of world-wide renown as a brave officer in the old French and Indian War, under the com- mand of Major Kogets. Baldwin was the hero of twenty I. attics— this nitty he Homeric— "in those old wars." No sooner had he heard the news of the liattles ..I' Lexington tuid Concord than he made up his mind to have a part in what was to come. He quitted his job, hastened home, collected a company of volunteers and, putting himself at their head. with their entire approbation, started towards the noise of the' guns. « »n their way they spent the Sab- bath in Billerica, and attended church in a body. The pastor. Rev. Cummings, preached an appropriate sermon on the duty of patriotism. They arrived at Medford June 17th, the day of the 1. attic of Bunker Hill. The company over which Captain Baldwin was elected, on arrival at headquar- ter-, was ordered to the field of battle, which they reached about twelve m., and immediately went into action. He was hit by a musket-hall in his breast, and fell mortally wounded about one o'clock in the afternoon. He was carried to the quarters for the wounded by two of his own townsmen belonging to his company, — Lieutenant John McNeil and James Gibson. He livid until about sunset. After his death Lieutenant Ammi Andrews extracted the bullet and sent it to the wife of Captain Baldwin as a mournful reminder of the manner in which her hus- band met his death. Andrews is a heroic name in Hillsborough. Lieu- tenant Ammi Andrews, horn in Ipswich, Mass.. came to Hillsborough at an early period ofthesecond settle- ment, and located at what is now the Upper village, and, it is said, was proprietor of its whole site ate! much adjacent territory. Lieutenant Andrews served through the whole War of the Revolution, and was a sharer in the perils of the expedition to Quebec in 177">. under Colonel Arnold. He was taken prisoner HILLSBOROUGH. there by the British, but soon exchanged. A story is related of him in connection with that expedition that is worth perpetuating. In the winter (if L775-76, as tiny lay in winter-quarters three miles from the city of Quebec, the commanding officer was anxious to gain some news of the enemy's strength and posi- tion, and for that purpose expressed the wish that a British sentinel might be captured and brought into Camp. Lieutenant Andrews volunteered to make the attempt. Sunn- one said that he ought to have the best gun in the army. " Look here," said the gallant lieutenant, "is it a dead or a living man that you want? Because if it is a living man that you wish brought in, I do not wish to he bothered with a gun." He reached the city of Quebec, and, scaling its walls in the darkness of the night, at a favorable moment he sprang upon a sentinel as he was pacing his beat backwards and forwards with a musket. The lieu- tenant, who was a strong, vigorous man, a powerful athlete in agility, seized him by the throat, and told him he was a dead man if he made the least outcry. Taking him down the steep anil dangerous mountain- side, leaping from one shelf of the precipice to another, he marched his prisoner three miles through the deep snows of Canada to the American camp. Lieutenant Andrews was distinguished as a business man in his day, and transmitted the same qualities to his descendants now living. He died in his bed March -'III, 1833, aged ninety-seven years. Captain Samuel Bradford also served through the war. He enlisted as an orderly-sergeant, and rose, for meritorious conduct, to the rank of ensign and also of lieutenant, performing adjutant's duty in Col- onel Stark's regiment for more than two years. The name of Benjamin Pierce, an honored Gov- ernor of New Hampshire of tin.' olden time, i- fa- miliar to all readers of history. He was bom in Chelmsford, Mass., December 25, 17o7. His father's name was also Benjamin. At his father's death, when he was but six years of age, he went to live with an uncle (Robert Pierce, of Chelmsford), who brought him up to work on a farm. When the news of the first battle at Lexington (April 19, 177o) arrived he was plowing. He left the field, took his uncle's gun and equipments and started at once for the scene of danger. He was one of the "irregulars" who fol- lowed Piteairn's wearied soldiers, retreating, by a forced march, towards Boston from Lexington — like others, loading and firing at his own order. He did not return to his uncle's, but enlisted in Captain Ford's company. He was then eighteen. He joined as a private, but in 1777 he was promoted t lerly- sergeant for securing the Hag from falling into the hands of the enemy. He was again promoted to a lieu- tenancy, which commission he bore to the close of the war. He removed to Hillsborough after the return of peace, in the thirtieth year of his age. He was soon appointed brigade-major by the Governor. In 178'9, in his thirty-third year, he was chosen to rep- resent Hillsborough and Henniker in the Legisla- ture, and served in that capacity thirteen years suc- cessively. He had found himself poor at the close of the war, in which, enlisting as a private, be had risen step by step until, at its close, lie had the command of a company, and was on the -tall of Washington when the army was disbanded, in 1784. Having been employed as agent to explore a part of Cheshire County (now called Stoddard), and bav- in- finished the work, he returned to Hillsborough on horseback, by way of the " Branch," and stopped for the night at a log hut in the woods. Here he bought a small farm of fifty acres, and returned to Massa- chusetts. The next spring he returned to Hillsbor- ough and commenced to clear his land. For a whole year he lived alone in his log cabin, cooked his own meals and slept upon a blanket, as he had learned to do in an eight years' experience on the tented field. He was married the next year, in 17*7. In 1803, Gen- eral Pierce was chosen one of the Governor's I iouncil, and continued in that capacity five years. At the end of that term Governor Langdon appointed him high sheriff of Hillsborough County. Hewasagain councilor ami again sheriff of the county. In 1827 he was elected Governor of the State; and again, in 1829. He was elector of President in 1832. From 1775 to 1830, a period of fifty-five years, be was constantly employed in some public office, lie died April 1, L839, aged eighty-one years. This tribute I find paid to bis memory : " He was patriotic, brave, noble- minded and charitable ; a benefactor to bis country and a blessing to his State and society ; and no one memory associated with the past history of Hills- borough brings up higher feelings of respect and veneration than that of General Benjamin Pierce." As an illustration of bis nobility of character, an an- ecdote is related of him while a prisoner on parole, having fallen into the ban. Is of the British on Long Island. Attending a horse-race, be offended an Eng- lish officer by an adverse opinion, which the English- man thought too freelj expressed, who thereupon struck Lieutenant Pierce with the Hat of his sword. The blood flushed on the lieutenant's faci quietly said : " Fettered by my parole, and unarmed, I cannot now resent this indignity, but the chances of war may yet bring us together." And so it proved. In an engagement between the armies ol Generals Washington and Howe, contending for possession of the city of New York, in the summer of 1776, they met. crossed -words, and the Englishman fell pierced by the young American. He had a perfect contempt of a coward. Just before bis death be invited his old Hillsborough co-patriots to a dinner, in honor of old times. One of the old veterans not being there, some one spoke of his absence, The Governor re- plied, "I invite no man to my table who is afraid of gunpowder." An anecdote i- related of him, when high sheriff of the county, that -how- hi- generosity. He found im- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. prisoned in the jail at Amherst three Revolutionary soldiers, who had proved themselves good soldiers for their country. At the close of their service they were penniless, the pay which they received being nearly valueless, and after weary daysof travel reached home, only to be arrested and imprisoned for debt which they were wholly unable to pay. The general, taking the keys, paid their indebtedness, unlocked the prison-doors, and leading them outside, pointing above, lie said, "Go, breathe the free air." It is no wonder that Governor Pierce was the idol of tic peo- ple, though lacking the polished manners of his son, Franklin, for the people saw that he was a true friend and a champion for their rights. Governor Pierce was twice married. His first wile was Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac Andrews, Esq. The marriage was on May 24, 17X7. She lived a little over one year, and gave birth to Elizabeth A., who was married to General John McNeil, the hero of Lundy I. an.'. She died August 1-'!, 1788, in the twenty-first year of her age. lie next married Anna, daughter of Benjamin Kendrick, of Amherst, in 1789. They lived in married lite fifty-one years. She was the mother of eight children, among whom were Nancy, the wife of Genera] Solomon McNeil, a brother of General John McNeil ; lion. Franklin Pierce, who attained the highest honor in the gift of the nation, and Henry Dearborn Pierce, tie- father of Colonel Franklin H. and Kirk 1). 11, ■ was the lasl of the Governor's chil- dren to go. There are pleasant memories associated with the nai f Lieutenant Robert B. Wilkins, who was a Bunker Hill hero, and quartermaster of General Lafayette's brigade. He was wounded at Bunker Hill. While serving under Lafayette lie rendered at one time such signal service in taking some cattle from the British at Poule's II, .ok, opposite V-i\ York City, that Lafayette presented him with a full suit of officer's uniform as a token for meritorious con- duet. He was familiarly known in the army, es- imong the officers of his regiment, as " Bob Wilkes." At Lafayette's visit to America in 1825, more than forty years having elapsed, Wilkins was presented to his old general, but time had wrought such changes that he was not at first recognized. Al- lusion was made to some incident of the battle-field, which caused the Frenchman to look a little closer and scrutinize the features of the man before him." The whole at _•<• flashed upon the memory of Lafayette; he recognized in the changed face, bat- tered with the storms of life, his old companion in arm-, and (the tears falling freely from many eyes) In- fell upon Wilkins' neck, and. tenderly embracing him, exclaimed, " ( >. Bob Wilkes, Bob Wilkes!" and they both wept like children. Heads were uncovered and shouts arose which showed (one writer says, describing the scene) how "One touch of nature makes the whole world kin." Wilkins died in Boston in Au- gust, L832, aged seventy-seven years. The Revolutionary War came to an end, as all wars hitherto have done, and those who had fought for years in the held and had suffered many privations returned home to the avocations of peace. But they had many difficulties to contend with. The paper currency, known as Continental money, continued to depreciate through the war until it was worth only one per cent, of its face value. Examples can he given. Daniel Killom paid tor a farm ten thousand dollars in currency, which could have been bought for one hundred dollars in silver or gold; rye brought seventy-five dollars a bushel in currency, which three- fourths of a dollar in silver would pay for; it is said -that Rev. Mr. Barnes' salary for a year was only sufficient to purchase a pig. Samuel M. Baker now owns that ten thousand dollar faun above referred to. An inflated eurreuev is a inueh-to-1.. -dreaded evil. It disarranges all the best- laid plans of the shrewdest business men. However, by degrees, nun gained con- li'leie e again, and hu-inrvs U a- resumed on a healthy basis. Some manufacturing was done on a careful scale, farms were improved and things in general put on a thriving appearance. Public improvements were commenced and carried ,,n little by little. The Contoocook Bridge.—* )ne noted improvement was building a bridge over the Contoocook River thai should answer the purposes of general travel, which at this point seemed to be on the increase. The first bridge — made of wood — was erected where the present bridge now stands, in 1779, and was reconstructed seventeen years after, in 1796. The timbers, many of them, were beginning by that time to be tender and unsafe. There is an interesting note in Hammond's "Early Town Papers" in reference to this first bridge. It would appear that Colonel Hill, the proprietor of the township of Hillsborough, and who died in Bos- ton, 177il, had subscribed or provided in his will the gift of one hundred acres of land in town towards building a bridge acro-s the < lontoocook i at that time the settlers called the river the Connecticut). This subscription was made before the war; but so many things larking, the building of the bridge was put off, and in the mean time Colonel Hill died. This will explain a petition of the town for authority to tax i-residents, that would bring a tax upon the unsold land- in town belonging to Hill's heirs. The petition bears date 8th day of May, a.d, 1780. Correcting the spelling of the petition, which Ham- mond has given verbatim et literatim, it is as follows: St* N, « it LMPSHIBE. "2c iln Hon. thi Council and A»«embly of aaid Slate in general court " May it [.l.-asr V Iioiimi-, we. tin -. , il ,-rri t..-i .-, fn'rln.hl.Ts in the !■>>'. n m IMM-ni , iii -an I st.,1,., |„. L . leave t,, petition, thai wheiva.-*, Ill, late J, ih ii II II I. K-. | , ..I hi-t-ii. uhi.wa- -'>k pii'iuii'tni in lhi>tn\Mi. ,li-l. I'i'tiii' tl in lin ii >'iii' lit I Mi pi<-" i if u in [H'"lni-i In '_1M' on.' I ill'i-il arlcs ,'t lull. I t"\\.ii'h lniiMiii- a IhuI-v "\n ,'mii tii'iit liver, so called in this town, which bridge vt-e should have built four or five y.'.u-a^ii, ha.l ir imt 1 ii tui t!ii„ unhappy war, hut at List we have cornpleti'it sui.l hri.liie, at). I tin- ' shares ' of tin' sai'l .hilill Hill haw been solicited t" make -unit their ttth.-l - pnoni-.-s, hut refuse. We, HILLSBOliOriill. > -etnt tln- |i.-titi..ii. Signed by Samuel Bradford, Jr., and thirty-five others, among which are the names of Andrews, Tag- gart, Wilkins, Dutton and Booth. The cost of that first bridge, "as money waslastOc- tober," -viz., < (ctober, 1779, — in the words of the pe- tition.in currency was the sami — according to a de- cision by arbitration fixing the value of English money— as 111,118.97-rV. The granting of the peti- tion would be getting probably a full equivalent for Colonel Hill's subscription out of the parties who re- fused to make it good. Daniel McNeil was. employed by the town to rebuild the bridge in 1809. These Re- pairs were a great bill of expense. Squire F. Clement, in 1824, builf substantia] abutments of solid stone-work at the ends and connected them over a space of forty feet with wood, as before. This lasted fifteen years, when, in 1839,, the whole wort was ele- vated five feet and the wood gave place to a splendid stone arch, which has stood without essential repairs forty-six years, to the presenl time. Itis this splendid and substantia] bridge that gives the distinctive name to the growing village to which it is an essential ap- I i ndage, connecting the two sides of the river as really as if not separated by its waters. The scenery at this bridge is beautiful, and in time of high water grand in the extreme. The falls are an epitome .of Niagara. The writer of this article, from a position in the parlor of hi- house, while living at the Bridge, had a most enchanting view. The water falling over the dam could be seen under the arch, and by imagin- ing the scene to be carried back to some distance, it afforded a prospect not to be surpassed in beauty. The house referred to belongs to E. H. Bartlett, and i- located jusl west of the bakery. It may be asked how the people on theirfarms lived in those early days? How in the villages.' Where all were comparatively in moderate circumstances, none verj rich, -at least, such as would be accounted rich to-day,— did aristocratic feelings prevail as among the present generation, the children am] grandchil- dren of the Revolutionary fathers'.' The answer will be " yes," but based more upon character tested by trial than now, oftentimes upon the mere accident of wealth, oftenest wealth gained by the toil and pru- dence of ancestor-. Thc\ prided themselves — those old patriots — upon actual service rendered to the country, — a service of toil, danger, deprivation, but yet of love. A coward or a traitor was despised, no mat- ter how rich. They were devout, even though sometimes, when their anger was roused at some act unjust or mean that had been committed, they were considered rough and severe. Thev were in those early days a church- going community. They all appeared on the hill. The roads were dotted with travelers very many on foot — to the place of worship. Then each man owned a share in the house of God by virtue of hi- residence in town and paying taxes. The minister was sup- ported at the town'.- expense, and the gospel was liter- all) free to the poor as well as to the rich. No man who was brave and true was looked down upon because he was poor, and no man wanting these characteristics of bravery and truth was looked up to, though he might be rich. These thing- change. I, however, little by little, for the worse. In those early days they were not wanting in healthy amusements, changing with the season of the year, line of these was the hunting-match. The whole community — except the very young, the very ..hi, the doctor and the minister, with now and then one who had scruple- in the matter — engaged in the affair. A leader li.r each side was chosen by com- mon consent. These chose sides, and for several days the crack of the musket might he heard in all direc- tions, rhe more obnoxious the animal, the more lie would count ill the game. The head- of some, the tails of other-, were brought as trophies of success to the place of count, and the umpire decided which side had won the game. A supper, frequently paid for by i he losing side, closed tin- affair. I here were amusements of which the young women had charge, others of which the men were the leading characters, to Loth of which both wen' admitted, and both considered necessary for the highest enjoyment. One of these was the quilting-party, the other the husking-bee. Apple-paring bees were also conn i. It ma\ lie -aid that such parties were too rude to lie elevating, but the ancestors of the present generation of refined Indies and gentlemen in society were sound ami true in heart and very rarely stepped over the hounds of propriety. Possibly the laugh was louder, l.nt the laugh was the whole of it and left no lurking evil concealed. They were days remarkably free from suspicions,— days of mutual tru-t in families and among friends. Witches.— Hillsborough, not to he outdone by sur- rounding towns, had its genuine witch-story. Aunt Jenny Robinson had the reputation of being a veri- table witch, and could, I presume, as well as any other witch, ride through the air on a I. room-stick. She had the reputation of being able to stop loaded teams until the drivers should go into her husband's tavern :ii:. I pet a drink. In this respect the spell which she used is not greater than is often cast over teamsters and those who are carried by teams. 1 "ill refer the readei to the story so pathetically told by the Hills- borough annalist, Mr. Smith, on page twenty-nine of his published lecture. There are so many witches in ■'curls and hang-" in these days that I maybe ex- cused from giving more particulars. Legends of Beasts of Prey.— The early history of a town cannot he considered complete, especially to HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the young folks, without its bear-story any more than without its witch-story. Both seem to he called for, and Mr. Smith, the annalist, did his duty faithfully. I cannot improve on his version of it, and will therefore give it in his language, — " Bears were frequently seen in town long after the wolves had been exterminated. Mr. James Carr, residing in the north part of the town, was a bear-trapper. On going to his trap one morning he found it gone." [I cannot explain how that could be, — how he could go to his trap if it was not there when he went, nor how he could he said to tind it if it was gone.] "He armed himself with his rifle, and after following the track about a mile he espied a bear. He laid aside his gun, and commenced an attack with a club. The m ent he struck at the bear it grappled him with its paw and seized In- left arm in its jaws. Carr. disliking so close an embrace, with considerable effort drew from his pocket a knife and compelled Bruin to relinquish his hold. The bear, having in tin' struggle forced himself from the trap, retreated to a ledge of rocks near by. Thither Carr pursued him, though somewhat hurt by the encounter, and discharged his rifle at him several times before he killed him." Exit the hear, dragged away by the trapper. As late as the beginning of the present century, and before that from time imme- morial, salmon ahounded in t he ( 'ontoocook River. Civilization, by damming the rivers and other streams, while it adds to artificial wealth, cuts off some of the resources of nature. The wolf was once a troublesome animal in Hills- borough. Major Isaac Andrews has the reputation of killing the last wolf that was killed in town, lie baited a fox-trap; nothing disturbed it for two days, hut on the third day, on visiting the [dace, it was desti- tute of a trap. It was in the winter and the snow was deep; so, taking his gun. lie followed on snow-shoes and killed it at the second firing. Wild Game. — Moose audi leer were sometimes killed in Hillsborough and vicinity. Aged people would sometimes almost scare children out of their wits by telling them frightful stories of wolves, bears and catamounts, so that when out in the dark they would imagine that they could often hear the tread of some wild animal. The generation that fought success- fully the battles of the Revolution, and secured inde- pendence for themselves anil their posterity, one by one came to the closing period of life, and the places that had known them knew them no more forever. One by one they had yielded in the race of life to younger competitors, and were contented to live again in their children and children's children, "let old age is sometimes talkative, and the veterans of the Revolution awakened in young minds dreams of glory gained on the field of battle. The eye of the idd man would sparkle with a new delight as he talked of camping in the open air and sleeping on the bare ground under the open sk\ ; as lie talked of evolutions in tin- field, marching and counter-marching in echelon of file and echelon of section, of the impetu- ous charge and the successful repulse. CHAPTER III. HILLSBOROUGH— I Continued). War of 1S12— The McNeils-Men in the Hanks— War of Hi' I: lii.hi-tn.- ..f lIill-ii.nMu^li — I TtL.ii uf Hill Farms— Forestry— Pine Timber— Contoocook Mil] — The New Mill— Hillsborough or Valley Academy. War of 1812. — At length the time came for this new generation of Americans, and of Britons as well, to show their hand in war. As of old, there is with every generation of men the time when " kings go forth to battle," when some cause arises that calls men to the tented field. Another war arose between Great Britain and the United States, which were once her dependent colonies. It was called with us the War of 181:2, as that was the year in which it was declared. It was a contest vigorously fought by brave men on both sides. It is difficult to state in precise language the real causes that led to that war, as in the final settlement made at Client nothing was de- cided except that each, by hard blows given a- well as received, had vindicated most fully its honor before the world. The war was fought with varying success on both sides by sea and by land: sometimes victory was claimed by each party. A treaty of peace was made and signed at Aix-la-Chapelle. December :>4, 1814. Nevertheless, our greatest victory, which secured the Presidency to the victorious leader of the American army, General Andrew Jackson, was gained after the treaty of peace had been signed, viz., on January 8, 1815. In the War of 1812 Hillsborough furnished her quota of brave soldiers and skilled commanders, and was represented on many a hard and well-fought field. The sons of sires who fought with honor in the American Revolution are found fighting with equal skill and bravery with their fathers in the War of LSI 2. Lieutenant John McNeil was at Bunker Hill, his son at Lundy Lane. The McNeils. — The name of McNeil occurs fre- quently in the war report- of the early days of Hills- borough. John McNeil, who was in the Louisburg expedition in 17-14-4">, in the Cape Breton War, came originally from Londonderry to Derryfield (now Manchester) and thence to Hillsborough. His son, Daniel, moved to Hillsborough in 1771, and was ac- cidentally drowned in the Contoocook at Hillsbor- ough Bridge. His son, John, was a captain in the War of the Revolution, was in the battle of Bunker Hill and was one of the linn that helped from the field the fatally-wounded Captain Baldwin, the first of the Hillsborough men to die for their country. This Captain McNeil, of whom we have just made mention, married Lucy, the daughter of Isaac An- HILLSBOROUGH. drews, Esq. Of this marriage were four children, viz., Mary, bom July 6, L779; General Solomon Mc- Neil, born Januarj 15, 1782; General John McNeil, born March 25, 1784 ; and Lucy, whodied in infancy. General John McNeil, the third of the above children, was an officer in the War of 1812. At the age of thirty he led his regiment in the battle of Chippewa, being its major, and ranking the other officers on the field, and for meritorious conduct was breveted lieu • tenant-colonel July 15, 1814. In the same month Genera] McNeil led the Eleventh Regiment in the engagement at Niagara, commonly called the battle of Lundy Lane, July 25th, ju^t ten days alter the battle at Chippewa. At this time he was breveted colonel "for distinguished valor" in this battle. He was severely wounded and made lame for life in this en- gagement, being hit by a six-ounce canister-shot which shattered his right knee: yet he kept in the field till the close of the engagement and a glorious victory bad been won. Nor had his promotions ceased. < >n the same day of the battle, July 25th, he was breveted (a second time that day) brigadier-gen- eral. In 1830 he retired from the army and was ap- pointed surveyor of the port of Boston by his friend. President Jackson. He held this office until his death. He died at Washington. 1 >. ('., February 23, I860, at the age of sixty-five, in the full possession of all bis faculties. General McNeil married a daughter of Governor Pierce, sister of ex-President Franklin Pierce. Of this marriage were a son and daughter. The daughter, Mrs. Frances McNeil Potter, relict of the late Hon. (.'handler E. Potter, was born, I have been told, in Chicago, when it was a military post, when her father held command, and that she was the first white child bom on the site of that city. Miss Fanny was a brave soldier's daughter, and shared in his glory. .She has been distinguished for her cour- age, dignity of character and cheerful disposition under every allotment of Providence. A son, named John W. S. McNeil for his father. and also the distinguished military chief under whom General McNeil held a commission, fell in Florida while leading an attack against the Indians, Septem- ber 10, 18M7. He was a lieutenant in tic regular army, having been educated at West Point. He was killed at the age of twenty years and six months. His death closed up the line of succession in that I. ranch of the family for transmitting the family name to postl rity. Mrs. F. McNeil Potter is the only rep- resentative of the family. — the fifth generation from John McNeil of Londonderry. The historian wishes her a long and happy life. Men in the Ranks.— Hillsborough furnished men for the ranks for the War of 1*12. Among these were two well-known names to Hillsborough people, viz. : George Dascomb and Daniel Templeton. Mr. Das- comb died more than thirty years ago, a man useful in the church and in society greatly missed and lamented. Mr. Templeton lived to a g I old age, and died at his son's in Cambridge, Ma—., in ISM. Mr. Templeton was a conscientious Christian man, very slow in making up his mind and slower -till in carry- ing it out. He received government scrip entitling him to draw a quarter-section of government land. which he did in Michigan. When sold, the laud brings to the government a dollar and a quarter an acre. He employed a professional agent to locati his land, stating his place •<( preference. The agent. however, did not locate where he wished ; and then began his trouble. — taxes upon taxes, heavy, because non-resident land is taxed heavily as a rule. He em- ployed an agent, as 1 base said, and then a man to watch the agent, and alter a while, getting suspicious, a third to keep an eye on both to see that they did not conspire together. He employed me to write to find out concerning the whole. I do not know who looked after me. After the War of 1812 business was for a few years very brisk. Marcy's cotton-factory added to the enterprise of the inhabitants. It employed most of da W. carried on by theregular army, in which Hillsborough had representatives. But at length the sons of those who fought in the War of 1812 have work on their hand-. War between the United States and Mexico was declared to exist by the act of Mexico. Aii army was raised and sent into Mexico under Gen- eral Xachary Taylor " to conquer a peace." It was in this war that the gallant Hon. Franklin Pierce, after- wards President of the United States, fleshed bis maiden sword in the blood of the Mexicans. Hills- borough was well represented in that war. Iii the mean time the nation has been constantly growing, from a twofold cause,— natural increase lion births and increase from immigration. The territory so immense occasioned differing interests in the different sections. And so it turned out that a civil war of gigantic proportion- burst upon the nation in 1861. The different sections -prang to arms with different purposes in view. — on one side, to secure a separation of government, as well as of interests ; on the other, to hinder the separation and preserve tin- Union. In this terrible war blood was poured out freely as water. Hillsborough sent her full share of brave bow. some of them, alas! never to return to dear and loving home-. The bones of some lie mouldering in Southern swamps. Some dying away or killed in battle were brought home tor interment. War of the Rebellion.— Besides privates and non-commissioned officers, some were honored with commissions, and did g 1 service in the field. < me held a colonel's commission, — James F. Grim nel .lame- Forsaith Grimes was the son of Hiram Grimes and grandson of John Grimes originally ..I Deering, who removed thence with his family to Francestown as proprietor of the hotel in that place, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. and thence to Hillsborough Bridge, to the place known long after as the Totherly place. The elder Grimes was a successful business man. and reared his family to business habits. Two of his sons went West, to Burlington, Iowa, and amassed each a large property. One of these, Hon. James W. Grimes, was in the United States Senate at the time of the Rebellion. At the beginning of the late cavil war Colonel Jam,-. F. Grimes, of Hillsborough, received a cap- tain's commission, and opened a recruiting the Bridge. Enlistments were secured, and the tap oi the drum was a familiar daily sound and the drilling of squads a familiar sight. The military spirit was roused in boys and men, and soon there began to be companies and regiments, of which the Hillsborough boys tonne. I a part, getting ready for the field. Col 1 Grimes, then a captain of the regular army, was constantly employed for some months in enlisting and drilling volunteers and re- cruits for the service, and "itl. excellent success. He went himself to the field, ami. in due process of time, by meritorious conduct in the field, he rose by d< grees, and at length wa- Inweted colonel. He re- in lined in the army till the close of the wai the battles of the Wilderness, and for several years after it- close doing military service in the South, his faithful wife sharing in camp-life. Their second child. John, was born in camp. Hillsborough did it- full -hare in the late war in furnishing men and money. The question is often asked. What did Hillsborough furnish for the defense of the government during the dark days of the Rebel- lion? The answer is ready: She furnished her full share. During the first part of the war there was a recruiting office in Hillsborough, and the waving oi the Union flag was a familiar sight at the Bridge 1 subjoin a list of the distribution of men raised in Hillsborough who took pari in the war. showing the number in the different regiments and other military organizations in the Union army. The following li-t will -how the distribution of the men belonging to Hiflsborough who were sent to the War of the Rebellion : - nil Reia in 30 Third Regiment In Fourth Regiment il Sixth Iti-iniri,! S Seventh Regiment 14 I i.l.lh lleii LMt.-Iit Eighth Regiment 2 Ninth Regiment I 1. venth Hi giro mt IT Twelfth It. ■lament 3 nth Regiment 1 iili Bi-L'iliient 2 mil I : . — j n i ■ : j r _■ Eighteenth Regiment 3 I iY»lrj 12 3 Sharped t re 1 Thirteenth M.i«uelm-etts ll.jiiu.iit 1 Infantry Veteran Reserve Corps 9 V.t i-porte'l ami unknown 10 Total 196 Killed and died from wounds as nearly as known, forty-five. In the spring of L877 ureal pains were taken to find the grave,- of deceased soldiers who had been buried in cemeteries in use by the town, one of which was just over the line in Deering. I will here insert the names of soldiers whose graves were then found and decorated with flowers and a flag. It will lie seen that one was in the old French and Indian War exclusively, a goodly num- ber served in the War of the Revolution, others in the War of 1812, but the largest list of those now sleeping with the dead served in the late Civil War, that nearly rent our land asunder. Since 1877 others have joined the army of the dead, as George Pritch- ard, the one-armed soldier citizen, and Warren Muz- - i long the sole care of a loving and faithful wife. ■ nine is a list of Hillsborough soldiers who served in the several wars of the country whose graves were decorated with Hags and wreaths of (low- ers on .May 31, 1877, and succeeding years: i Da I tfunroe Nathan Mann, I mothj Grey, Tbaddius Monroe, Lieutenant John Mi Neil, i'..l..n..-l Benjamin J ■ i . j . ■ ■, Nathaniel I'eli.y. - — iimon R.il.liins, Eli Wheeler, Jonathan Danforth, Da- vid Livermore, Luke G II- ley, Captain Rans Bi I Dickey, Stephen Hi. har.l-.m. William Pope, Benjamin lv ■ ■■ D B. i., ...... n ..I William H. B i. 'i i! ■-,. Murdough. .1 en. VI .in. ... , I u Robbins, Charles P. Baldwin, John 11 I li mi nt, I apt B S. Wilson i iptain - Gibson, Willi N I i : | . H illlaui Smith Clunk. ... II. . II. Opt. .it p..- i;,.b- 1 ins - .1 ... II it. : 1 l: Ital . .1.. V 11. W 1, K.lw.i I Lewis David L wis, i harles T. Robbins, John A.l.-il, William Iiun.ll, Jr., Sergeant John Ree.l, Inu-al- '..uiM. 1. s. Burt, Obadiah Rnmrill, ...1." I il..., .-ui.iu.-r M. A. lain-. 'I'll a- M . :.ti. .Im1.ii 51 II. W ilham P . ...!.l.. . V r.ulonl,-, Itiehar.l l.l. UuuM, William Bui These foot up as ('..How-: French and Indian War 1 W .... .t th<- An... in... K. v, lutioi 17 Warof 1812 is Wai -I the Rebellion 32 Total 68 The writer of tlii- article had full opportunity to learn the grief- of households for " the unreturning brave." One case is of peculiar sadness. Some young men, having served their time, having been stationed among the deadly swamps of Louisiana, had at length received their discharge, and were about to return home the next day. Charles Mr- HILLSBOROUGH. Clintock, a noble youth, who left his preparation for college to serve his country, was taken down with malaria, and left there to die and be buried hundreds of miles from his waiting and expecting friends. Willard Templet. .11. son of Daniel Tem- pleton, was killed by a gun-shol at Petersburg. And so death came upon young Merrill, Rumrill, Reed and Wilson ; young Burt came home to die. But peace, blessed peace! came at length, thank God! The scars of battle have in the main been healed. though there are hearts that will not cease, but with the end o!' life. t.> feel and mourn in secret for their dead. We, to-day, enjoy the blessings of " the Union of -tates," which, by their sacrifice, has been pre- served. Animosities between sections are .lying away. The "gray and the blue " meet together to honor the brave men who died, some for "the cause," some tin- " Union." They were foes worthy of each other's steel. Industries of Hillsborough.— Since the war the prosperity ofthecountry ha- been unexampled. Im- migration has rapidly increased ournumbers. Hills- borough has shared in the new impetus given to bus- iness and in the coming in of foreign blood. The village at the Bridge ha- more than doubled since the war in its population and wealth. The principal oc- cupation of the town, numbering sixteen hundred and twenty-three inhabitants in 1860, is that of farming in some of its various forms. The town has a strong, loamy soil, admirably adapted to the small grains and grasses; hence hay is raised in great abundance and •_ 1 pasturage abounds. The land, for the most part, is too rough to admit the use of modern machinery. Most .c' the labor on most of the farm- must be done by hand. Still, year by year, one field after another is cleared of stump- and stone- to admit the use of the cultivator and mower, so that machinery is get- ting to be in quite common use in town. There is also along the streams some smooth ami level land just adapted to improved machinery, thus greatly fa- cilitating the work of tanning. The common productions of New England are raised. More bushels of wheat to the acre are some- times raised without difficulty than i- averaged in the great West. The advantage at the West is the illim- itable acreage possible in a -ingle field rather than in the amount on a single acre. And it is so in corn. At the West, cultivation of the soil is easier than in New England, being for the most part performed with the aid of horses or mules. The land in Hillsborough, where it is thoroughly worked, where the hay and grain raised on it are mostly fed out on the same, so that ample returns may be made for what is taken off, produces bountifully. True, it is hard to till in many parts,— perhaps this may be truthfully said of th.- greater part,— but it pays well for hard work; it rewards industry. The laud reciprocates every favor received. It has been truthfully said. " [f you tickle her with a hoe. she will laugh with a harvest." Desertion of Hill Farms.— A change ha in- on gradually which will continue indefinitely, viz.: a desertion of the high hills as tillage land, and their conversion into pasture land. This ha- alreadj been done to a great extent. The original settlers preferred the hill laud as their home. It was easier cleared. The timber was not so heavy, and was usually beech and maple. The laud was dryer than in the basins. The stumps would decay sooner than in wet land. The first crops were better, as the low land, in its tir-t state, needed draining to make it cultivat- able or productive. Hence they sought the hills, at least far up their sides. They could see further. They could signalize' each other better in case of dan- ger. On the whole, they chose the hill country for its supposed advantages. The ashes left upon the ground at its clearing was all that was needed for years to enrich it sufficiently t.. insure a good harvest. They were less liable to 3I i/en late frosts in spring and early frosts in autumn on the hills than in the villages; hence, away to the hills and ply the axe. In process of time the hills, being bared ..I' their forests, became more dry in con- sequence; water sometimes is scarce or fails tor a sea- son ; the soil becomes thinner from one period to another; the rain washes .nit the strength of lie' -oil and bear- it to the valleys; the wind drives away great portions in dust: usually it is found conven- ient to sell some , if the hay and reduce the number of heads of cattle kept on the farm without returning an equivalent ; the result is, the farm grows poor anil the farmer poorer. The girls are married and go to their new home-. The boys, as they become young men of age. go West or to the villages. In process of time father and mother grow old and feeble, sell out to somebody wanting a pasture, and go to the village or to live with. me. if the children. And so it is that, farm after farm in the most hilly section of Hills- borough has been deserted, ami the ..ore well- cultivated farms are either growing up to forests or the process retarded by great herds of .-attic roam- ing over them at large. Whole school districts, where once was the hum of busy life, where once were troops of laughing children playing about the house and barn, are now deserted and the buildings either taken down and removed, or, if left, are fast falling (0 decaj and "cureless ruin." This process will doubtless go on. More than half tic inhabitants of the town are now living within a mil,- of the arched bridge near the mills, which gives its name to the village. These hill lands are actually depreciating in value every year, owing to two facts,— first, distance from the railroads, and, second, the natural disintegration of the -ml, ..wing to frosts, heat and water, and its con- sequent subsidence to lower lands. The writer ..1 this article knows from persona] observation that in cer- tain school districts, where once were from foi scholars, there are now only from ten to fifteen ; and other districts have been reduced from forty, some to 40G HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. two or three, and some to nothing. Nominally, the town baa seventeen whole Bchool districts, besides the independent district at Hillsborough Bridge, formed in accordance with the Somersworth Act : also a half- district iu union with a halt-district in Antrim, unless very lately the union has been dissolved. But this half-district for a considerable time furnished but one scholar. Another district in town, one larger in num- bers, did not furnish, for several years, a single scholar of its own, but at length revived with one scholar and the teacher, sister and brother. From all this it can be readily seen why some of the best farmers in town have turned their attention of late in so great a degree to the milk business and. in connection with producing milk-, to the making of butter for market. The usual mode of proceeding is to allow the cows to run tree in the pastures during the summer. Coming in in the late tall, they are kept in stable through the winter and ted with hay and ground teed, ami butter is made tor the market and sent weekly by railroad. Usually, the butter from these creameries brings at that season a g I price and a sure sale during the winter months, and it is found to be more profitable than the usual way of making butter in the summer. The large farmers. after the seas f milking is over, turn the cows out to pasture, reserving the best milkers tor furrow cows or new milch cows the next winter, and selling the others for beef after they arc well fattened. Within the last ten years Hillsborough farmers have been coming into the foreground in the matter of butter-making, and do not fear now to stand in the market-place side by side with the famous blltter- inakers of Vein t, who lor many years threw them completely into the shade. There are many good creameries in Hillsborough ; many farmers furnish a first-class article in the way of butter. I will illus- trate by referring to some few individuals well known in town, without wishing it to fie inferred that there are not many others equally good, viz., Charles W. Conn, James Bickford & Son, Janus M. Wilkins, the Clark Brothers, the Gammells, Jeremiah Dutton, Samuel M. Baker and others for whose names I have nut space, but whose sweet and yellow butter I have often tasted and know it to be good. Forestry. — Another industry which furnishes business for many men in Hillsborough is cutting and drawing wood and lumber. The forests within three miles of the railroad station in town have been notably thinned; yet the w 1 i- constantly growing, and every year wood and lumber are drawn from greater and still greater distances. On many farms the most profitable growth is the forest growth. To secure in the shortest time new timber tit to be cut, cattle should not be allowed to browse the young shoots. It should be as carefully guarded from them as a wheat-field. In a few years— if left to itself— it will be large enough for the wood-pile, or even the saw-mill. Hillsborough, especially back on the hills, abounds in forests, heavily timbered. It is thought that with all the waste, wood grows in town faster than it is used tor all purposes. Pine Timber. — It may be interesting to the general reader to learn any facts in regard to the growth of pine timber in Hillsborough. It will be remembered that King George III. reserved all the white pines for the use of the royal navy. The settlers did not relish this restriction, and soon entrenched upon the King's prerogative and cut pirn- for home use. At- tempts were made to arrest men and bring them to justice for the crimt of stealing timber from their own land: but the neighbors would interfere with the tree and unrestricted course of Inn: and Justin-, and the sheriff was sometimes glad for leave to return unmo- lested without his man. The writer has seen pines ol great length drawn to the railroad for shipment to the navy-yard for masts, not, however, for King George. The pines, except very small one-, are nearly extinct in town. ContoOCOOk Mills. — A quarter of a century ago the old cotton-factory of the Marcys had passed into other hands, and about that time John B. Smith bought and took possession and set up the business of hosiery-knitting. The old saw-mill standing near the south end of the bridge, which had sawn boards, lum- bei and turned ou1 shoe-pegs bj the cart-load, passed into his i Smith's) hands, and was transformed into a large and convenient factory. For a time George i>. Reaseler run the south mill — the old cotton-factory — and J. B. Smith the newly-modeled one near the bridge, but at length the north factory came into his hands, and for several year- be operated both mills to thi besl advantage, and amassed a fortune. A few years ago the Contooi k Woolen Company was formed and now exists in active operation. In the new company by far the heaviest owner is the original owner. John Butler Smith, and next to him hi- in iphew,a sister's son, George Edward Gould, who is also foreman and business manager in the factories. Mr. Gould is a natural mechanic, a. perfect genius in putting wrongs in machinery to right-, and equally competent to manage help as machinery. He i- the regulator of all the internal arrangements, and ha- always enjoyed tile perfect confidence of tin In .1 of the establishment. The » !ont :ook Woolen-Mills have a high and well-deserved reputation abroad. Theii _ I- -land among the first, if not the very tirst. in the market, ami are not excelled. They are exactly wdiat they are recommended to be, both a- to the material of which they are made and the weight and the work that is put into them. These mills employ from fifty to a hundred bauds, male and female, at remunerative wages. Besides, a great amount of work is done outside the mills,— such part- of the work as must be done by hand on under- shirts, drawers and socks. In almost every house for miles may be seen the inevitable garments, since the work is easy ; ,nd commands ready pay once in two HILLSB0R01 GH. weeks in money. The 15th of the month is a golden day at Hillsborough Bridge for help and the creditors of help. If the Cont toot Woolen-Mills should stop work, or should cease to give out work, many would l>e at a loss for spending-money. It does oot pay, they say, bu1 it is better than nothing. Yes, and it is a great deal better than making white cotton shirts, all told, as i- done in Boston, at the rate of six ctuts apiece. The New Mill.— The hope of Hillsborough Bridge and immediate vicinity ha- for many years centred .,-i it- excellent water-power, —on the work which the Contoocook might some day do tor them. I he I Ion toocook River has been regarded for a long period as the tutelary genius of the place. Only a small por- tion of its water-power has yet been utilized. It is believed that it might easily do all the work that it is now doing, and, in addition, turn as many spindles and drive as many shuttles as the Merrimack does at Lawrence or Lowell. It- grist-mills, -aw -mills, yam- factories, hosiery-mills and all the rest combined did not satisfy the longing mind- of the people. There was something not possessed that was wanted. The project of "The New Mill" was started at length —perhaps spontaneously. It was called "The New Mill" before even the plan of it was drawn, a -tone dug or a stick of timber drawn, or even cut. Shares were taken eagerly, money paid cheerfully, in hopes of having speedily a golden return. Work was i - menced, the money which had been subscribed all used, and "The New Mill" not completed. Then bonds were issued, and more money raised on these. •'The New Mill" at length was finished, from the water-wheel to the ventilator, — made tor no particular u-e. but for any use that might he needed by the pur- chaser or renter. " The bonds" ate up "the shares," and, like Pharaoh's lean kine, were still hungry. No purchaser, no renter that would lie accepted. " Wait- ing, still waiting." At length " The New Mill " was sold and put to use. It has added vastly to the busi- ness of the place by employing more hands requir- ing to be sheltered, fed and clothed. Hut it has not brought hack the first thirty thousand dollars that was paid out for original share-. Hillsborough Bridge has always been noted for handling "the nimble shilling." A ten-dollar bill started on its travels in the morning will make the acquaintance of a dozen pocket-hooks before night, in • son to get back into bank within banking hours. And so it has always been that a small capital at the Bridge has been able to do a large and legitimate business. The starting up of the " New Mill," about seven or eight years ago, awoke to full action the latent energies of the place. House-building became at once a business, and lots for building purposes — always high at the Bridge, proverbially so — now rose to an unprecedented height. SO that those who had lot- to sell now received a part of their loss in "-hares." Business of all kinds improved. The corporate name of the New Mill is Hillsborough Woolen-Mills, — Rufus F. Frost & Co., proprietors; John Kimball, superintendent. The New Mill, even if it should get old enough to demand repairs, will al- ways be " The New Mill." [t can nevergrow old in the hearts of this gi neration. When the dam was built tor this mill, John B. Smith, proprietor of the Contoocook Mills, built the north half, which he own-, and the mill privilege also, on the north hank of the river. He did this for two reasons.— on. . that lie might he able to control one-half of the water, it necessary, for the use of the Contoocook Mills; the other, to -cine the means of running another "new; mill," it he should think best at anytime to do so. In former years that mill privilege hail been used to ad- vantage; it might he of advantage to use it again. Mr. Smith also owns the mill, last operated a- a silk- mill, on the north hank of the Contoo( k, east of tlie bridge across the river. Factories might he suc- cessfully operated, if built, for a long distance down the river. The future of Hillsborough lies in the judicious use of the waters of the Contoocook. The river is better than a gold-mine, and there isan opportunity for great extension. The water can be conducted for a long distance down the river, and enough conveyed to carry machinery to an unlimited extent. Besides, there is abundant opportunity to hold water hack in the vast reservoirs in Stoddard and in the adjacent towns, against a time of need, if such should arise. Hillsborough village-is destined to be. at no distant future, a large manufacturing place. The Contoocook Mills, of year.-' standing, are a pledge of what it can do. Hillsborough (or Valley) Academy.— It will be found, on inquiry, that about the year 1820 there was a wide-spread fever, both in New Hampshire and Vermont, for establishing incorporated academies- Li was before the day of High Schools — with or with- out invested funds, a- the rase might be. Hillsbor- ough Academy was incorporated by act id' the Legis- lature in 1821. The first teacher was Dr. Simeon [ngersol Bard, of Francestown, a graduate of Dart- mouth in 1821. He came to Hillsborough directly after graduation. He was -mall in size, wiry, elastic in his movements, boyish in appearance, hut a man every way in mental ability and scholarship. His mind was keen in analysis, and he gave a high tone to tin- new academy. He afterwards taught in the academy at Francestown. So youthful was his ap- pearance that one of the citizens of Francestown, not knowing who it was, saw him as he was ■_ - to the academy with some large books under his arm, and accosted him, — ''Sonny, how do like your pre- ceptor?" He was followed in the Hillsborough Academy by Rev. William Clark. D.D., of Amherst, a native of Hancock, a classmate of Dr. Bard in col- lege, who taughl several years before going to An- dover, where he graduated in theology in 1827. He 408 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. is well and favorably known for work in the home missionary field in the State. His brother— Rev. Samuel Wallace Clark— took his place in the acad- emy in 182 year and then went with his brother William to Andoyer, from which place both graduated in theology in 1827. Rev. Jonah Pea- body followed, who graduated at Dartmouth in 1825. He wasfollowed bythe brothers fin turn) Robert Ri ed and Solomon Heath Reed, graduates of Dartmouth. Another teacher of note was Benjamin F. Wallace, Esq., who became a veteran in the field and is well remembered in Hillsborough. Rev. Ephraim Tay- lor. Albert Baker, Esq., and F. B. Mussey followed in turn. The academy was at first located in a brick building at the Lower village. Having at length done its work there, and good work, too. it reappeared at Hillsborough Centre under the instruction of Rev. Elihu Thayer Rowe, a graduate of Dart- mouth College in 1840, who was a practical ami thorough teacher, who died in 1867. others swayed with credit the educational sceptre on the hill, and the academy did good work there tin- year-. In 1864, taking the name Valley Academy, it reappeared at Hillsborough Bridge under the auspices of Rev. Harry Brickett, assisted by his wife. Mr. Bricketl was acting pastor, at the time, of the Hillsborough Bridge < tongregational Church. The pupils numbered about one hundred and twenty. In 1876 Valley Academy reopened with a fall and spring term, the winter and summer terms b< tng in the same building, under the same teachers, and known as the Union School. Rev. Harry L. Brickett. son of Rev. Harry Brickett. a graduate of Oberlin tss of 1875, was principal, and Miss Ellen J. Brickett, a graduate of the Ladies' Department of the same institution in the same year, was assistant. For three years, from 1876 to 1879, they taught with the best of succesi — the schools being crowded with scholars— four terms a year. In the tall id' 1879, Mr. Brickett entered Lndover Theological Seminary. They were followed by Dr. Frank 1'. Newman ami Mi-s Mary Ellen Whittemore, who remained one year, Dr. Newman being called from there to the position of principal of Tubbs' Union Academy. Washington, his native town, where he litis since taught with great acceptance, ami has made his school rank among the first. Miss Whittemore. a graduate of Bradford Acad- emy, Massachusetts, was called from Hillsborough to Bradford, N. H.. where tor several years she taught, with great credit, the Bradford Grammar School. Mr. B. F. Hurd, a graduate of Bates College, Me., followed, and remained three years. Miss Epps was for a time his assistant ; she was succeeded by Miss Gutterson. Mr. Hurd was called from here to Fran- ce-tow n Academy, where he -til! remains, doing faith- ful and efficient work. A primary department was started under his administration with good success. Mr. George A. Dickey, a graduate of Dartmouth College in ls-o .-ne ceded, and is the present principal. A new, commodious and elegant school-house, with tour department-, luts been built since Mr. Dickey's advent. Miss Jennie Breed. Miss Clara F. Potter and others are his co-laborers in educational work. Hills- borough may well feel proud of her schools. A S I education i- the best legacy for children. CHAP T E R I V. HILLSB0K01 SB ' - i -i. 1.1. ment— The Professions- 1 I l' -1. 1-11. .,1 Hl-tul.V I . ,:_.. . ,|i..,| ,i . |,„, is) Episcopal Church— Baptist Church— Independents. The Scotch-Irish Element— The inhabitants of Hillsborough are descendant- mainly of Puritan stock; hut, like other stock in good companies, it has been somewhat watered. It will lie found that no nationality can claim a decided majority. It is well known, how ever, that from the very start there has been a liberal sprinkling id' the Scotch-Irish ele- ment. These were men unsurpassed in decision of character, determination. love of liberty, even to license; yet of the utmost fidelityin allsocial relations. They may be properly styled the defenders of the home. The Scotch-Irish originally went from Scotland I the north of Ireland, which they made their home. Very likely there is, to a greater or less degree intermingling of Irish bl I. Lond lerry, in New Hampshire, attracted the men from Londonderry and the region round about in Ire- land. The Scotch-Irish predominated in that town, and sent out emigrants to help in settling other town-, Hillsborough among the rest. It is this blood that furnished most of our brave officers in the Revolutionary War and in the War of 1812, and they were not backward to volunteer to. march in the ranks. It is a race that possesses in a high degree pluck and lire. It |„,s-e--e- the pure Scotch firmness — al- most obstinacy— that is determined to fight a cause out "on that line." to the fiery high blood of the Irish Soldier that would charge, without flinching or turn- ing aside, up to the very cannon'- mouth. It is an exceedingly interesting class of people, as studied in their adopted homes in Ireland. The. were zealous Protestants, and, in the days of James tlte Second, of England, the} adhered firmly to the cause- of William of Orange against the tyranny of James. The story ot the siege of Londonderry, Ire- land, in 1689, is one of tin- most thrilling in history. They endured the most terrible tortures of famine, but held out till they were relieved and saved. It is the tendency of such bl 1 to tone up society to a high level of honorable feeling. Some of the first settli re of Hillsborough came originally front Ireland. Their HILLSBOROUGH. descendants have-, as a rule, been men of probity and unblemished character. They are generous to a fault, and will divide the last loaf. Hillsborough has felt the good influence of that blood. The Professions.— The history of a town would be incompletethatleftoutmentionof its professional men, —those who filled its pulpits, v, ho pleaded at the bar, and administered the healing art,— who had to do with the- souls, the wills and the bodies of the people. I ought to add another class, much, at the presenl time, more than formerly a profession, thai of teachers of youth, — those who, while dealing mainly with the minds of pupils at a tender age, really lay the founda- tion, either well or ill, on which the superstructure of a life, g I oj bad, is built. It is fair to presume that the professions are made up of men of at least average ability, hut of superior mental training. Law and Lawyers.— Law is supposed to be the embodiment of justice and fair dealing among men. From the earliest ages of civilization there has been a class of men whose business is to know the law and be able to give sound and safe advice in regard to it. Hillsborough has been from the first the home of dis- tinguished lawj era. Among the first practitioners was David Starrett, a uative of Francestown, a graduate of Dartmouth Col- lege in 1798, and student of law in the office of J ion. Samuel Hell, of Francestown. He opened an office in Hillsborough in 1802. He was not regarded as a brilliant advocate, bu1 as a safe adviser he hail the general confidence of the people .if the town and was confidently trusted by his clients. He resided in town ten years. He then mysteriously disappeared, never to return. In Smith's annals is a long account concerning it. John Burnam, also a graduate of Dartmouth Col- lege, a student in the office of Hon. Samuel Bell, ami later of David Starrett, succeeded the latter in 1812. David Steele, born at Peterborough, September 30, 17^7, graduated tit Williams College in 1810, studied law with James Walker, Esq., and Hon. Charles G. Atherton, of Amherst; married, late in life, Miss < 'atharina Kendall, of Amherst, who yet survives him, and opened an office in Hillsborough, tit the Bridge village, in 1813. He was a useful man, both in so- ciety and in the church. He died at Peterborough many years ago, between eighty and ninety years of John McFarland opened an office tit the Upper vil- lage in 1815, and died in Hillsborough in 1819. Timothy Darling graduated at Harvard University in 1822, opened an office in Hillsborough in 1826 and • remained in town just one year. In 1827, Hon. Franklin Pierce, of national reputa- tion, opened a law-office in the Lower village of Hills- borough, and continued there eleven years, when he removed to Concord. He was a graduate of Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1824, at the age of twenty, and three vears later was admitted to the bar in his native State. He tilled many positions of public trust with dignity and honor. From 1829 '.<■ 1833 he represented Hillsborough in the State Legislature, the last two years being Speaker of the House. In Is:::: lie was elected to Congress, where he served ably during his two terms till 1837, when he was elected to the 1'nited State.- Senate. He was then tic youngest mem- ber of thai body, being barely of I he leu a I age required. In 1842 lie resigned his seat and returned to Concord, where he resumed his legal practice. His fluency of speech, his knowledge of law and his prominence as a public man gave him the first place at the bar of New Hampshire. In 1846 the position of I nited States Attorney-General w ;is otfeie. I I . President Polk, but he declined. He also declined to run tor Governor when nominated bj the Demo- cratic party in New Hampshire. His military record was one of rapid rise. Enlist- ing as a private in a volunteer company, he became a colonel and -oon after a brigadier-general. He took a prominent part in the .Mexican War. where he served with bravery and ho under General ^<;,u. At the close of the war he resumed the practice of law in Concord. In 1850 he presided ovei the Constitutional Convention of New Hampshire. In 1852, at Baltimore, he was nominated, after a pro- tracted struggle, on the forty-ninth ballot, over all competitors, as the Democratic candidate for Presi- dent of the United States. He was nominated in the convention by two hundred and eighty-two eleven for all other candidates. When the votes of the Electoral College were counted, Pierce had two hundred and fifty-four and Scott forty-two. After 1857, which was the close of his administra- tion, Mr, Pierce passed several years in Europe, re- turning in 1860. He die. I'm Concord. It has been proposed to erect a statue to his memory, to stand in I lie Slate-House yard. Albert Baker, an exceedingly popular man in the town ami Stale, was a native of Bow, born leoiuai . in, 181(1, a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1834 read law with Hon. Franklin Pierce, and opined an office in Hillsborough in 1837. There have followed men of brilliant talents- Samuel II. Aver, an able lawyer, who was sometimes pitted against Hon. Franklin Pierce at the bar, wh. re he acquitted himself with honor. George Barstow, a native of Haverhill, a man of good mind and scholar- ship, a member of Dartmouth College, but who left be- fore graduating, lb' succeeded as a man of letter- rather than as a lawyer. He remained but a short time iii town. Francis B. Peabody was also in Hills- borough fora short time. Of him but little is known. Francis N. Blood, a Hillsborough boy had an office and dwelling-house at (lie Lower village. He was re- garded as a good lawyer, and ;m upright and honor- able man. He died of consumption, leaving a good property, which he had gained in his profession, 11. hi. James F. Briggs, of English parentage, — a dis- 410 HISTORY OF HlLLSBOROlirll COUNT V, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tinguished counselor-at-law, an ex-member of Con- gress, — practiced at the Bridge several years, till his removal to Manchester. Charles A. Harnden suc- ceeded Esq. Blood. He remained in Hillsborough but a short time alter he was admitted to the bar. Brooks K. Webber lias been in the practice of law at the Bridge since the removal of Esq. Briggs. He i- considered a safe adviser in law, and never counsels a client to incur the expense of a law-suit if he can avoid it by an amicable settlement. He has a good practice. A. B. Spalding, of Lyndeborough, began to practice law the latter part of 1876, and remained a little less than two years. He left under a cloud, and has since died. Willis G. Buxton studied law with Brooks K. Webber, and in the Boston Law School. He was ad- mitted to the bar and commenced and continued several years in practice in Hillsborough. lie early removed to Pennicook, where he now is in suc- cessful practice. Samuel W. Holman has been at the Bridge several years in tin- practice of law. He studied law with Hon. Mason Toppan, of Bradford, Attorney-General of New Hampshire. Mr. Holman i- rapidly acquiring a lucrative practice. The Pierces, Colonel Frank II. and Kirk D., brothers, ate located at the Lower village, and are doing a good share of legal work. Colonel Frank II. Pierce, one of the firm, has recently received the appointment of judge advocate of the Amoskeag Veterans. He has accepted the appointment of United States consul toMatanzas, Cuba. J. Willard Newman, son of .lame- Newman, prepared under Esq. Webber, and is now a practicing lawyer in Chicago. Others may have come into town and reconnoitered, hoping to find a place to banc up a shingle somewhere; but so Ions as the Pierces guard 'In Lower village, and Webber and Holman the Bridge, interlopers may as well know that there is no room; they had better not unlimber. Hillsborough has good lawyers now, fully competent to defend the interests of all its citizens and others who may apply, — men who are good judges of law and equity and safe ail\ isers of their clients. Tin: Ministry. — In the early settlements the min- isters of the gospel did not stay long behind the B ho came with axe, saw, auger, shovel and pick-hoe — to be supplemented with the plow — to clear, to build and to cultivate. Rude homes were soon constructed of hewn log-. The timber stood everywhere, ami almost enough grew on the lot for buildings to make them — especially if a garden and small field were taken into the account — a shelter of logs sufficient to protect the family during the hours oi sleep, and serve as a nucleus for the home, the dearest plac i earth, whether a hut or a palace. At first there were no saw-mill- and no means of sawing lumber except by hand. The tool- most needed and used most were axe. saw. auger and chisel. First, a home for the family; the very next, the meeting-house — rarely in those days in New England called a church— and the next, a parsonage. The first settlement, which, on ace. tint of imminent dan- ger from a treacherous enemy, lasted only from 1741 to 1746, nevertheless built a meeting-house and a home for a minister. As has already been said, this meeting-house was burnt, and, as is believed, wantonly, for the malicious gratification of seeing it burn. A man named Keyes, as appears from the records was at the beginning of the first settlement in 1741, joint- proprietor with Colonel Hill. His name does Q01 appear in the records as connected with the second settlement of the town. Business troubles may have soured the mind of this Keyes, of Weare, and so for revenge he may have tired the building. It was burnt. This Keyes may have felt himself wronged, and that the glass which he took out and buried wa- ins. During the time between tin- years 17b7 and 177H —twelve years— public worship was held in warm weather in groves or in barn-, in the coldest in pri- vate dwellings. Colonel Hill, now the sole proprietor of the town (by some means he has sloughed oil' Mr. Keyes), gave the town ten acres of land— now occupied at the centre of the town for the sole use of the church buildings and the cemetery— for these purposes and also tor a common. In addition, he reserved from sale two whole lots of the one hundred acre lots and a part of another for the first settled minister. In the autumn of 1772 the church, concurred in by the town of Hillsborough, invited Mr. Jonathan Barnes, a licentiate, to come and settle with them as their minister and pastor. He accepted the call, came and was ordained ami in-tailed November iVi, 1771'. The ordination exercises were held on Bible Hill, in the barn of Lieutenant Samuel Bradford. It was no uncommon thing in that early age, ami even later, to hold religious services in a barn. The writer, in his youthful days in Newbury, Vt., frequently attended meeting in barns in the summer season; indeed, himself and sisters were baptized in a barn within his personal recollection. The name "Bible Hill" ha- frequently been alluded to. It is a familiar name in Hillsborough,— as well known a- tin Bridge, Lower, Upper or Centre village. A road from West Deering, one mile west of the Bridge village, running north and south, passes by the "Deacon Sawyer place," now owned and occupied by Cawn Mills, over a con- siderable hill, consisting of most excellent farming land. b\ the Jones. Burnham and Tuttle places. This is called " Bible Hill," common rumor has it, because the only Bible in town was owned by a family living there. Mr. Smith, who probably sifted the rumor,* modestly puts it, to save the credit of the deacons of the church, that the only large Bibles in town were owned by Deacons Isaac Andrews and Joseph Sy- monds. I yield to that authority, and am glad to be- lieve -Mr. Smith the faithful annalist in preference to Madam Rumor, who has sometimes proved to be mis- HILLSBOROUGH. 411 taken. It is hoped and believed that there were some small Bibles elsewhere, and that they were read and obeyed. Bible Hill at that time bid fair to be the leading place in town, outranking the Bridge even. It had in it the first tavern built in town, in 1766; the first town-meeting was held there in 1772; the first ordination, in 1772 ; the first captain of the first military company formed in town, and its first lieu- tenant, lived there. The second meeting-house in town was built by the town, the same as the first, which had been burnt. The town passed a vote for the purpose of building a bouse of worship in May, 1773. It was carried into effect in 1779, and used thirteen years, when it was found to In- insufficient for the increased congrega- tion that was to come early every Sabbath morning and stay till late in the afternoon to listen to two long sermons, each of at least an hour's length, and prayers and singing in proportion. It was then re- moved from its site several rods, and converted into a school-house. As a meeting-house it gave place to another larger building, and better adapted to the wants of the town. "The new building" — they called it — was to lie sixty-two feet in length, fifty feet in width and two stories in height, with porches on three of the sides, each having a door lor entrance. The raising of this large building, lifted a broadside at a time, as was the custom in those days with all frame buildings, was no small affair. People came from far and near, even from distant towns, to help lift at tin- master-workman's call, " Heave, O heave!" and then to share in the inspiring contents of the barrel, liberally furnished for the occasion. Though professedly the building was fir the Holy Spirit's dwelling, other spirits aided at the raising. This building was used as a place of worship for twenty-eight years, with no means of warming it ex- cept the ladies' foot-stoves. In the very coldest weather worship was conducted in the pastor's kitchen. Before the settlement of Mr. Barnes as pastor, religious services were conducted by the min- isters of other parishes, particularly by Rev. William Houston, of Bedford, and Rev. Samuel Cotton, of Litchfield. They assisted in the organization of the first church, which was gathered October 12, 1769, said to be the tenth church formed within the present limits of Hillsborough County prior to 1G41, the one hundredth anniversary of the settlement of the town. At the ordination of Mr. Barnes, Rev. Josiah Bridge preached the sermon. I find the following town record of its vote in re- gard to the minister's support in Mr. Smith's annals. " Voted unanimously to fix the Rev. Mr. Barnes' salary That we will give him thirty pounds "—equivalent to one hundred and forty-five dollars and a few cents — "by way of settlement, thirty-five pounds ayearforthe first four years," — equivalent to — $169.40,—" then forty pounds a year, until there shall lie seventy families in town; and when there shall be seventy families, ] u . is 27 to be entitled to fifty | ids. whether sooner or later, until there shall lie ninety families; when there is ninety families, he shall receive sixty pounds until there is one hundred and ten families; when there is one hundred and ten families, he shall receive sixty- six pounds, six shillings and four-pence, which last sum he shall continue to receive so long as he remain our minister." This last was to be the ultimatum. It will be remembered (hat, in addition, Mr. Barnes was to receive between two and three hundred acres of land as the gift of Colonel Hill. Mr. Barnes, having sustained the pastoral relation for thirty-one years, becoming incapacitcd for performing the duties of his office through paralysis resulting from a stroke of lightning, resigned his office as minister and pastor October 19, 1803, in the fifty-fourth year of his age, and lived after his resignation only two years. He- was esteemed as a good citizen and a good friend, a man of respectable talents and agreeable manners. As a preacher, he was regarded as leaning too strongly to what is called "the liberal side" in doctrine. He was active and laborious, working with his own hand to supply the wants which his salary, prudently used, failed to do. His heirs own and occupy the home- stead. Mr. Barnes married a most excellent lady,— Miss Abigail Curtiss, of East Sudbury. Mass., in 177-1, who became the mother often children. She survived her husband thirty-three years, dying in 1838, " uni- versally beloved and lamented." She was esteemed by all her personal acquaintances as a true friend and a consistent Christian. Though not rich in this world's goods, she always gave something to the poor and needy, having a heart to feel for them in their poverty and want. She set the example in her early widowhooil to attend meeting constantly when cir- cumstances would permit. Her children called her blessed on account of her gentle goodness. Rev. Stephen Chapin followed Mr. Barnes, and as one extreme follows another quite frequently, it is so with heat and cold as regards the weather. He proved to be very unlike his predecessor. He was ordained June 18, 1805, with a stipulated yearly salary of four hundred dollars. You note the change. English money, in which Mr. Barnes' salary was stipulated, is followed by federal money in the case of Chapin. The ser was preached by the distinguished divine, Rev. Nathaniel Emmons, D.D., of Franklin, Mass. The selection of a minister to preach the sermon was an indication of the course Mr. Chapin would take. He was the orthodox of the orthodox. He was re- garded as very rigid in his belief, and sometimes preached so as to offend. It was, however, only what he regarded as vital truth. As he regarded Mr. Barnes as leaning too far towards the liberal side, he felt called upon to lean pretty strongly in the other direc- tion. His fidelity to what he regarded as the truth of the Bible was the cause of his dismission in a little more than a year. He was young and inexperienced full of zeal and a real desire to do good. The zeal of HISTORY OF IllLLSI!(>];artmouth College in 1823, and studied theology with Rev. Wal- ter Chapin, of Woodstock, Vt. He remained at the Bridge about four years. He was succeeded by Rev. Jacob Cummings, who was installed pastor at the Bridge November 15, 1843. He remained pastor in charge until May. 1857, when he withdrew without formal dismission from the church as pastor. He re- moved and died in 1866, aged seventy-three. Mr. Cummings was followed in 1857 by Mr. Harry Brickett, a licentiate of the Manchester Association of Congregational Ministers in July. 1854. He was born in Newbury. Vt.. February 1. 1818, and gradu- ateil at Dartmouth College in 1840. After graduating he taught two years in the academy in Jaffrey, at the same time studying medicine with Dr. Luke Howe, of Jaffrey, and afterwards with the medical faculty at Hanover, — Drs. Peaslee and Crosby. He was ap- pointed assistant demonstrator of anatomy and was also in charge of the class in dissection. He attended two full courses of lectures at Dartmouth Medical Col- lege. He went to Francestown into the academy for one term, to finish the year for a friend, and after that term stayed seven years longer as principal, and mar- ried, August 18, 1846, Miss Eliza C, a daughter of Captain Joseph < 'utter, of Jaffrey. He was principal of the Brown (Latin) High School, in Newburyport, from 1851 to 1853, and of the Merrimack Normal Institute, founded by Professor William Russell, at Reed's Ferry, Merrimack. He was invited to come to Hillsborough in the winter of 1857, preached a few Sabbaths, and came to stay permanently in May, 1857. He received ordination, declining installation. in the First Congregational Church in Manchester, Rev. Cyrus YV. Walton then pastor, as an evangelist without charge. January 28, 1858. He remained in Hillsborough as acting pastor — made so bj vote of the church in 1858 — until April, 1865, a period of eight years. The church prospered under his minis- try, — nearly as many as were in the church as mem- bers in January, 1858, at the time of his ordination, were added to it while he was their minister, from 1857 to 1865. Lev. Stephen Morrill followed, coming in May, 1865. Mr. Brickett preached his farewell sermon in the forenoon from the text "Let brotherly love con- tinue;" and Mr. Morrill his first sermon in the P. M. of the same day. Mr. Morrill stayed as acting pastor. During his ministry the meeting-house was moved from its location in the field to the Main Street, in the village. The people took sides, sonic for and some against the project, in regard to moving it, and some were offended, and Mr. Morrill did not escape ensure. After resting on their oars after the dismission of Mr. Morrill at his request, the church called Rev. Henry B. Underwood, January 24, 1871; he accepted the call February 2d, ami was duly installed March 7,1871. July 7, 1872, he resigned, "tor want, as he assigned, of unanimity in the church," and was dismissed by i 1. ii e of council July loth of the same year. Dur- ing the time he remained at the Bridge there was quite a religious interest and a few conversions. Among these conversions was Ammi Smith, an aged resident at the Bridge. Mr. Underwood was suc- ceeded by Rev. John Bragdon, who came in the spring of 1873, and continued till near the close of 1875. .Mr. Bragdon was an earnest worker in the Young Men's Christian Association, and he was skill- till in managing young boys and gaining their affec- tion. The desk being again vacant, Rev. Harry Brickett was recalled, alter an absence of almost eleven years, at the commencement of 1876, which call he accepted. He preached his first sermon the second Sabbath in January, 1876. He remained about six years, until August, 1881, when he resigned the desk to take effect the 1st of September. Mr. Brickett officiated in all fourteen years. Rev. Abram J. Quick succeeded Mr. Brickett as acting pastor of the church, commencing November 6,1881. He closed his labors July 29, 1883. The present minister is Roderick J. Mooney, born in Dublin, Ireland. February 17, 1853, where he re- ceived a liberal education at the Dublin University. He received an invitation to preach at the Bridge, ami came in the autumn of 1884. He is the only tonal minister in town supplying at the Centre as well as at the Bridge. He has received a call to settle as pastor over the Hillsborough Bridge tonal Church. The outlook for success is good ; we wish him great sueccess. We will now go back to the original church at Hillsborough Centre, which we left destitute of a pa-tor in 1830. On the assignment of Rev. Samuel Oilman Tenney to the service of the church at the Bridge, Rev. George W. Adams was called to be pastor ot the Centre Congregational Church March 26, 184H. lie was installed October 21st of the same year, and dismissed January 17,1844. Rev. S. Tol- man supplied the pulj.it during the summer of 1S44. Rev. F.liliu Thayer Rowe was called February 10, 1845, ordained May 28th of the same year, ami dis- missed, on account of ill health, November 30, 1*47. Mr. Rowe was a man of great excellence of char- inter ami strength of mind. He was a classmate of the writer in college, and from a long and intimate acquaintance he knows whereof he affirms. His memory among the people on the hill will ion- be cherished. Rev. Robert Page was acting pastor on the hill from 1S47 to 1851. He was an experienced and judi- cious man. Rev. Mr. Durgin, familiarly called, from the color of bis f acej caused by iodine pills, the "blue man," supplied from 1851 to 1853. Rev. Samuel H. Partridge was called .May 1, 1853, ordained May loth in the same year and dismissed April 16, ls".7. Mr. Partridge was a man with the fewest possible faults. HILLSBOROUGH. 415 Rev. R. B. Dennis was acting pastor over Hills- borough Centre Church, which name it assumed on the formation of the new church at Hillsborough Bridge, from May, 1857, to May, 1859. He was a man sound in the faith, from Connecticut, and about sixty years of age. After his ministry there was a disagreement among the people forming the society, and some were anxious to secure a Methodisl preacher. The result was that students from the Me- thodist Biblical Institute, then located in Concord, were employed during the succeeding two years. Promi- nent among these was Mr. Hatfield, a student of great strength and presence of mind, a good scholar aud a pleasing and eloquent preacher. There was quite an interest excited on the hill on the subject of religion and several hopeful conversions, the interest reaching out into the regions beyond the hill. It was learned by the Congregational Church that its hold upon the people was losing ground. The new converts were formed by Mr.'Hatfield into classes for instruction and preparation, to be received into the Methodist Society, at least, it was so understood. An effort was made to transfer the control of the church and society to a bodj of independent men, having no relation to the Congregationalists or responsibility to them, by vote of the pew-holders. This failed to be carried out, and a new church building was built in the interest of the Methodist Society. Much bitter- ness of feeling tor the time was excited by this sepa- ration. The breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, in 1861, tended to widen the separation and deepen for the time the feeling. At this juncture of affairs Rev. John Adams, awise and judicious man, of .lee]) piety and great prudence, was called to take the helm. He was just the man for the [dace. In- telligent, wise, brave-hearted, true to the Union, he came and brought, by his wise counsel aud action, pi ace to the troubled waters. The church prospered under his ministry, which continued from January 1, 1861, till his death, May 18, 1879. He was assisted during his sickness by Hervey Chapman, a licentiate, a yi ting man of great zeal in the Lord's house. Alter the death of Mr. Adams, licentiates from the Theological Seminaries and others served tor short periods of time each, as Robert True, licentiate, through the summer id' 1879. Rev. Samuel W. Barnum, licentiate, supplied four weeks in the fall of 1879. David Judson Ogden, licentiate, supplied five months ending April, 1880. Rev. Augustus Alvord was acting pastor one year In.,,, Mayl, 1880. Rev. Harry Brickett, acting-pastor tit Hillsborough Bridge, supplied three months in the spring and sum- mer of 1881. Rev. Aaron B. Piffers was acting pastor from Au- gust, 1881, to June 1884. Rodney Cochrane supplied several weeks in the summer of 1884. .•ting pastor of Rev. Roderick .1. Mootiey became : September 19, 1884. Methodist Episcopal Church.— This the Lord's sacramental host has had a home in Hillsborough County for about half a century, and has done good work in saving souls. There are two societies and two church buildings,— one at Hills- borough Bridge and one at the Centre, with a good parsonage at the latter place. Owing to the itiner- ancj system, of course a large number of men have occupied the desks of the two parishes. The writer of this article had the personal acquaintance and bro- therly intercourse with the men who filled the office of minister during fourteen years, from 1857 to 1865 and from 1876 to 1882, and he gladly heirs testimony to the personal piety and excellence of the incum- bents. They were, as a rule, men who were earnest in their labors for the good of the people. The place of meeting at the Bridge formerly was at the extreme edge of the same large field that con- tained the Congregational Church, out of the village, on the road leading from the Bridge to the Centre; but about a quarter of a century ago it was brought down and located in the heart id' the village, followed, a few years later, by the ( longregational Church to the same street. The church at the Centre was built near tin' beginning of the War of the Rebellion, and it is possible that disaffection with the Congregational Church among its own supporters may have had something to do with its erection. It seemed a pity that thereshotild he a division at the Centre, as really the people are burdened to support two ministers. As a rule, the two churches on the bill have wor- shiped side by side in peace, if not always with bro- therly love. It is sometimes difficult to forget the causes of the separation, or of the attempt to secure, by a majority of votes, the church building of the old church for the occupancy of the new. 'the genera- tion that were the actors in the matter are most of them with the departed, aud the newer generation are coming up with the most kindly feelings, forgetting the old feud that sometimes embittered the feelings of the former. About a quarter of a century ago the Methodist Biblical Institute, at Concord, was in full operation, and the students ably supplied the desks. Among these Mr. Hatfield, at the Centre, was the most noted there, and William Van Bensehoten at the Bridge. Others ranked high as men of talent. At the Bridge the name of Rev. Mr. Prescott is frequently mentioned as an aide minister. Later, Rev. John A. Howler, who remained three years at the Centre and at the Bridge, proved himself to be a man adapted to the place. The town showed their appreciation of his abilities and worth by giving him the superin- tendency of the schools—a work for which he was prepared and adapted, as he stood himself at the head of the profession as a teacher before be began to preach. Tlie Methodist Church at the Bridge is in a prosperous condition, and is increasing in numbers 416 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. and in strength. The present pastor is Rev. F. H. Corson, who has started on his second year's labor under favorable auspices. Baptist Society and Church— Another church building stands between the two villages, in which worship, at longer or shorter interval-, is held, some- times for several months at a time. It is a conven- ient building for the purpose designed, and has been kept by private liberality in good repair. The sheds I'm horses have disappeared. It was built in May, 1813, and a Baptist society supported preaching here several years. Quite a number of different persons acted as preachers to the soi iety. A church, at tirst of sixteen members, was organized. Among the prominent and familiar names is Rev. John Atwood, of New Boston, who became its acting pastor in l x '>7 and stayed three years. In the same year an Inde- pendent Baptist Church was organized, and Rev. John Atwood became it- pastor and held the office some year-. Independents. — In addition to the churches already named, other classes of worshipers have occupied Odd- Fellows' Block more or less on the Lord's Day. The Catholics have meetings at stated times. Since the erection and starting of "The New Z\i ill a large number of Catholic worshipers have moved into the place. The Universalists also hold meetings in the hall. Spiritualists also ale addressed from the same platform. Hillsborough tolerates the broadest freedom in religious matters. Brethren of different religions live and labor side by side in the greatest amity. The masses of the people have but little choice between religious. The golden rule is very widely professed. CHAPTER V. HILLSBOROUGH— (CWiW./). ations and L"l_ I ) h\-i> i.m — l'.-uul Sin ii-l st.ei.-I'LOHis— Stun-- ;uh] Slumps— T..« n oUp. .p.— i losing K,ni;tik-. Secret Organizations.— I can only briefly refer to the various lodges in Hillsborough. 1I\i:mpp\i Lodge,No 38,01 Free and Accepted Masons. — I s a flourishing society. Its place of meet- ing monthly is in Newman's Block. W. H. Story, at tie- present time. Worshipful Master; C. H. Quinn, Senior Warden; R. C. Dickey, Junior Warden; C. Cooledge, Treasurer; 1 >. W . C. Newman, Secretary. Valley Lodge, No. 4."., Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, — Meets Friday evenings. Officers, — Noble Grand, H. Proctor; Vice-Grand, G. H.Travis; P. 11. Humrill ; Treasurer, I, Putney. Hillsborough Lodge, No. 17. Knights of Pythias. — Weekly meeting on Monday, at Castle Hall. Officers, — E. C. Black. Chancellor Comman- der ; C. M. Glawson, Vice-Chancellor ; .1. II. T. Newell, Keeper of Records and Seals ; G. W. Lincoln. Master ppf' Exchequer. Senator Grimes Post, No. 25, Grand Army of THE RefI BLIC— Meetings fortnightly, seepiiiil and fourth Wednesdays in each month. Officers, — H. P. Whitaker, Commander; John Buswell, Senior Vice- Commander; C. C. French. Junior Vice-Commander; J. F. Grimes, Quartermaster; J. H. George, Adjutant. Beacon Lodge, No. 34, Independent Order of Goon Templars.— Meetings in Knights of Pythias Hall every Thursday evening. I cannot give the oilip'.T-. Valley Grange, No. 63, Patrons of Hus- bandry. — Meetings monthly, on the Tuesday before the full moon, in Congregational vestry. Officers, M. M. Hadley. Master: W. E. Gay, Secretary; O. B. Huntley, Treasurer. North Star Encampment, Independent • >rder of Odd-Fellows. — Meets second ami fourth Tues- days in each month. Officers— L. (i. Pike, Chief Patriarch; C. H. Quinn, Scribe: W. B. Pritchard, Treasurer. Physicians. — The number of those who commenced "the healing art divine" in Hillsborough may almost be called legion. Previous to 1840 there had been eleven, as follows: William Little, Joseph Munroe, Benjamin Stearns, Joshua Crain, Luther Smith, Reu- ben Hatch, Ma-ppii Hatch, Thomas Preston, Simeon Ingersoll Bard, Nahum Parker Foster, Abraham Hazen Robinson. Some of these were men of ability and success in their profession. Dr. Luther Smith ha- been highly commended as a fair, honorable and lib- eral man in the profession. He commenced practice at the Bridge in 1809, ami died in 1824, at the age of thirty-seven. Dr. Reuben Hatch practiced in Hills- borough twenty-four years, and removed to Griggs- ville, Ills. Dr. Thomas Preston was a native son of Hillsborough. His father was one of the decided free-thinkers in town, having .aught the spirit from the French, who were here to hell' Us during the War ■ pf the American Revolution. The doctor imbibed hi.- principles and defended them. He was a fair- minded, honorable man in all his dealings. Dr. Simeon I. Bard was one of the most learned in bis profession, but was fond of change. He practiced in town five years and removed. Dr. Elisha Hatch, a native of Alstead, was born July 17. 1796; studied with Drs. Twitchell and Adams, of Keene; graduated at Dartmouth Medical College; was skillful and hon- orable in his profession, and was accidentally killed by a fall from the high beams .>f his barn in 1863, aged sixty-six. In 1841, Abel Conaut Burnham opened his office in town, beginning at the Centre in February of that year, ami removing to the Bridge in October of the same. For forty-four years the >!<" tor has remained faithful at his post, ami seems now t.p have, if not all the vigipr ami endurance, yet all fin' enthusiasm, love of his profession ami fidelity to bis HILLSBOROUGH. trust of a young man, and certainly the ability to inspire. greater confidence than he could himself have believed at the start. He had the best of advantages for fitting himself for his profession. Having obtained a g 1 academic education at the academies of Fran- cestown, Pembroke and Billsborough, he commenced the study of medicine with tin' late Dr. Elisha Hatch, of Hillsborough, with whom he remained two years. The third year be was with Dr. Anms Twitched, of Keene, one of the most eminent surgeons of Ids age. He attended three regular courses of medical lec- tures, — me at Woodstock, Vt.. and two at Hanover, at the Dartmouth Medical College. He took his last course and degree iii the fall of 1839; public notice thereof was given by the president of the college on Commencement Day, 1840. The year following he studied in connection with city hospitals, and after- wards spent a season at the University of New York, attending medical and clinical lectures in the city hospitals, the Eye and Ear Infirmary, and spending his evenings and other spare hours in the dissecting- rooms. Dr. Burnham came into the profession fullj "armed and equipped as the law directs," prepared to stay, and he has stayed at the Bridge while the tide of medical practitioners has flowed and sometimes rushed by in an almost constant stream. In 1841 only Drs. Hatch, Preston— then an old man — and himself were practicing in the town. He has and has had honorable competitors, — some noble men in the profession, some for a longer, some for a shorter time, — yet he has held a firm seat. Dr. John Goodell suc- ceeded Dr. Hatch in 1859, Dr. Hatch leaving his practice and beautiful home at his place between the two villages, near the Baptist Church, which Dr. Goodell at once occupied. It was an unfortunate ve for Dr. Hatch. While at the Bridge he bought the Esquire Steel place, into which he moved, and where himself and family were beginning to enjoy themselves when he met with a sudden death, as above mentioned. He lived after he came to the Bridge village four years. Dr. Goodell has somewhat impaired health, arising from injuries received from being thrown from a carriage. He has all the prac- tice he cares for, and is respected and trusted. Dr. J. (J. A. French came into town soon after Dr. Goodell, and settled at the Upper village. He has a large circle of patronage, extending especially into Wash- ington. Dr. B. H. Phillips came to the Centre in December, 1841, and left in October. 1842. He was succeeded by Dr. Swett, who died in the course of a year or tw... Dr. Wilkins came, and in a few months died. Dr. B. Lyford came in about 1848 and stayed a few years and went away, and has since died. Dr. Skinner came, went, and in a short time he also died. I >r. » leorge Priest, a native of the Centre, son of Ben- jamin Priest, once a pupil of the writer at the acad- emy, remained for a time after his graduation, ami i- now at Manchester-by-the-sea in successful practice, living all these years in single blessedness. Dr. Charles racticed a few years llartwvll, a native ol the and died. Dr. Charles Gould, a native ofthe town, practiced a c>uplc i if years at the Centre and three or four more at the Bridge village, and removed from town. Dr. Joseph Parsons came about lX.Vi, remained four or live years and die 1. Dr. Edward l\ Cummin- Rev. Jacob Cumniings. at one time pastor of the < lon- gregational Church at the Bridge, came about 1855, remained two or three years in practice, and removed to Franeestown and stayed two or three years. At the breaking out ofthe Civil War he enlisted as sur- geon in the navy, returned to Newburyport, his home, sickened and died. He was a true-hearted man. Dr. Constantine C. Badger succeeded Parsons, and re- mained for a few years, left, and died. Dr. J. P. Whittle, practiced a short lime in Hillsborough, where be married, and then moved to WYare, where be has bad an extensive practice tor the last quarter of a century. Dr. Israel 1'. Chase, homoeopathic, has been in town about thirty years, and has a fair share of practice, more than he sometimes feels able to do. He once published and edited The Hillsborough Messenger with great acceptance to the public. Dr. George W. Cook was in practice in town two or three years. He was followed by Dr. Marcellus 11. Felt, who came in about 1876 and has remained to the present time. Dr. Felt is a popular man in tow,,, and has gained quite an extensive practice I ought to mention the name of Harvey Munroe, a pupil of the writer, who graduated from Dartmouth College in 1858, from the Medical Department of the same in 1860, practiced some in town, but even- tually settled in Fast Washington, and alter suc- cessful work for about two years, died in 1863, aged thirty-one. After his death bis widow, .Airs. Munroe, studied the science of medicine, attended medical lectures and entered upon a successful practice. The present practitioners of medicine in town live together in entire harmony. Drs. Burnham. Chase. Felt,( ! lell and French have each a medical parish of his own, and there is no attempt to get practice away from one another. Their homes are but starting-points from which they ride long distances to their patients in town and out. In medicine, as in theology, (lore are distinct schools. The historian, as a man, may have his preferences, but not as a historian. The two schools — allopathic and homoeopathic — have lived and practiced side by side in Hillsborough without the local disturbance which is felt in some adjoining towns. In one town, within ten or twelve miles' ride of Hillsborough, a practitioner of one SCl I wanted to hire some one by the nib to help him hate a certain other person, wdio, he thought, interfered with bis business, to get his prac- tice for the other side, whether the patient should die or get well. No such wrangling in Hillsborough. Dr. [srael P. Chase came to Hillsborough Bridge from Henniker, where he had been in practice, and had HISTORY' OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. at one time an extensive practice both in Hillsbor- ough and in Henniker, from which place he had just conic. Dr. Chase is a genial man, especially in the sick-room, though bluff enough outside. Dental Surgery— Hillsborough has been distin- guished for practitioners in the art of dental surgery. A quarter of a century ago the forceps, drill and burr were skillfully handle. 1 by 1 >r. S. Ball, naturally a perfect gentleman, and of great skill in his profession. Dr. Frank P. Carey once had an office and an exten- sive practice in town. Dr. Frank P. Newman also worked here for a time, and Dr. Whittle. Dr. S. O. Bowers has, however, held the ground against all comers, and is a most successful practitioner in his art. Others come and go, but he — like Dr. Burnham — comes and stays. Dental surgery has greatly im- proved as an art within the last ten or fifteen years. The use of anaesthetics has been of great service in preventing suffering in the extraction of teeth. Educational— Dist it ict Schools.— Hillsborough, from the commencement of its permanent settlement, has paid commendable attention to the education of its children. At the first settlements were made on the hills in preference to the low lands, as the soil was drier and the timber more easily cleared. It was owing chiefly to these facts that the remote parts of the town, for the most part made of high hills, were settled SO early in its history. Fifty years ago the outlying districts were very large, not only in territory, but in the number of pupils of age to at- tend school. Some then contained sixty pupils, where now are less than one-fourth of that number; and others then contained from forty to fifty, where now not over a half-dozen are living. One district, once quite large, became reduced to one scholar belong- ing to the district ; another, called the Sulphur Hill District, bad for several years not a single scholar in it, but rallied at last with one scholar of its own and a borrowed one. While the schools in the out- districts have grown smaller and still smaller, the schools in the Upper and Lower Village Districts and at the Bridge have greatly increased in numbers. College Graduates. — Hillsborough has sent out, during its existence as a town, a goodly number of young men to receive a liberal education at colleges and higher seminaries. Not a lew also of her young women have gone abroad for a higher education. Her first graduate from college' was Abraham An- drews, who prepared for college under his uncle. Rev. Ephraim P. Bradford, of New Boston, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1811, and became an eminent teachei . Colonel Benjamin Kendrick Pierce, eldest son of Governor Benjamin Pierce, entered Dartmouth Col- 507, a classmate of Andrews and at the end of his third year left college and commenced thestudy of law, which also he left, at the breaking out of the War of 1812, for the army, which he entered with the rank of lieutenant, in the Third Regiment of artillery. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in the Third Artillery in the regular army, and remained until his death. He was distinguished for bravery in the field. Rev. Francis Danforth graduated at Dartmouth College in 1S19. Studied theology at Andover Theo- logical Seminary, and became an efficient Congrega- tional minister. Rev. Aaron Foster graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1822, andaf the Andover Theological Semi- nary in 1825, became a home missionary, and died November 15, 1832, aged thirty-seven years. Amasa Symonds entered Dartmouth College in 1821, and died at his father's house the next year. Lieutenant Amos B. Foster, born July 15, 1804, was educated at West Point, from which he graduated in 1827. He entered service in the regular army and was brutally murdered by a private whom he repri- manded for disorderly conduct at FortHoward, Green Bay, February 7, 1832, at the early age of twenty- seven years and six months. It was a Nad and tragic event, which is circumstantially related in Smith's an- nals. The next graduate in point of time was ex -Presi- dent Franklin Pierce, the fourth son of Governor Benjamin Pierce, born November 23, 1804, and grad- uated at Bowdoin < lollege, in Brunswick, Me., in 1824. lie obtained from the college not only a good liberal education and the president's name to his diploma, but something which he regarded of vastly greater value, the hand and heart of the president's youngest daughter, Miss Jane M. Appleton, who proved to be both the ornament and honor of his home, whetherin his unostentatious one at Hillsborough or in the more conspicuous one at the White House, at Washington. Rev. Henry Jones graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835, and married, the next year. Miss Betsey, daughter of Eliphalet Symonds, of Hillsborough, and became a teacher. His brother, Rev. Willard Jones, graduated at the same time and place, and also from flic Theological Seminary at Andover. He was ordained as missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, July 4, 1839, and was married at the same time to Miss Miriam Pratt. Edward R. Johnson entered Dartmouth College in 1880, and remained two years. John Appleton Burnham graduated at Amherst College in 1833, and went into the manufacturing business at Manchester. Joel Buchanan Stow, son of Deacon Joel Mow, of Stow Mountain fame, graduated at the Teachers' Sem- inary, Andover, Mass., and became himself a teacher in the West. Rev. Levi Smith graduated at New Hampton and studied theology there. Clark Coolidge, son of Lemuel Coolidge, entered tin' Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn., and died during his college course, July, 1840. George Harvey Munroe, son of Colonel Hiram HILLSBOROUGH. 419 Munroe, who was one of the leading men of the town for many years and a man of strung qualities of char- acter, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1858, and in the Medical Department of the same college in 1860, and practicing a short time in his own town and in East Washington, died in the last-named place. He was a young man of superior scholarship and his prospects of success in life were very fair. Alfred B. Dascomh, son of George and Mary Das- comb, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1 858. He engaged successfully in teaching a few years, took a private course in theology and entered the Congrega- tional ministry, of which he continues an ornament and strong helper. His services in Vermont and Massachusetts have been and arc acceptable to the ] pie to whom he ministers and to all who arc per- sonally acquainted with him. John B. .Smith fitted for college at Francestown Academy, and for a time wavered between a collegiate and professional life and a mercantile one ; the latter carried the day. Warren McClintock, son of Luke McClintock, grad- uated at Dartmouth College in 1864, and entered at once upon the work of teaching as a profession, lie u:i~ :i young man of great promise, the oldest 30n in the family. He tell by consumption in 1871, aged thirty-three j ears, A brother, Charles, was fitting to enter college, but on the breaking out of the Civil War enlisted with other Hillsborough young men and did good service in the field. Just as they wen' mustered out of ser- vice, and were about to start for home, he sickened and died from malaria, and his remains lie among the swamps of Louisiana. James Henry, a third brother, entered Dartmouth College and graduated in the same year that Warren died, in 1871, and he also died of consumption the same year, aged twenty-six. A younger brother, John ('.. a faithful and enter- prising fireman and engineer, avoided the classics and followed railroading, so as to be out in the open air; he, too, fell in early lite a victim tee the same fell disease, consumption. They hail live sisters by the same mother, and all hut one have gone in the same way. One sister, Abbie Sawyer Met llintock, graduated at the Appleton Academy, New Ipswich. Frank H. Pierce graduated at Princeton College. and was early admitted to the bar. He has been engaged in the practice of law since that time, at Concord and in his native town. His brother, Kirk D. Pierce, studied law and is in successful practice at the Lower village. The Pierce brothers, both young men from the best stock, are bound to succeed. Hosts of friends are wishing them long, onward strides in a high and noble career. Age and experience develop new and higher qualities. They are aiming high, and will not he hindered from climbing to a high position. Samuel T. Dutton, son of Deacon and Mrs. Jere- miah Dutton, graduated at Yale College. Since his graduation he has been a successful teacher, and is now superintendent of schools in New Haven, Conn. He married Miss Nellie North, daughter of John North, Esq., of New Haven. His brother Silas entered Yale College a few years later, and stood high in his class as a scholar; hut in his third year he succumbed to the power of disease and fell by the way, mourned by friends, both in and out of college. Their sister .Mary has received the excellent advantages of the New Haven schools. Mis. Mary Isabel Towle, nee Ward, daughter of George B, Ward, after attendance at other schools, graduated in a select school in Boston. Jacob B. Whittemore, son of the late William 15. Whittemore, graduated at Phillips Exeter Academy, and lor a time was a student at Yale College. His sister. Miss Mary Ellep Whittemore, graduated at Bradford Academy, Mass., and has since been a successful teacher at Hillsborough Bridge, and also Others, at about the same time, received the ad- vantages of a high academical education, but the data arc not at hand to make a correct record. Among those who were pupils of the writer, long ago, in the Francestown Academy, who have been an honor to their native town by their useful lives, he remembers the Misses Munroe, of several families, Miss Print, Miss Towne, Drs. Munroe and Priest, Miss Eliza Smith, Miss Butler, the Marcy brothers and others whose names it would be a pleasure now to write. Not a few of these are among the honored dead. Harry L. Brickett, son id' Lev. Harry and Eliza C. Brickett, graduated at Oberlin College in 1875. He taught from 1875 to L876 in Schroon Lake, N. Y. From 1876 to 1879 he was principal of Valley Acad- emy and the Union School, at Hillsborough Bridge. In 1879 he entered Andover Theological Seminary, graduating in 1882. While in his senior year in the seminary he was called to his present pastorate at Lynnfield Centre, Mass., where he is now entering upon his fourth year of active service. Ellen J. Brickett, daughter of Rev. Harry and Eliza ( '. Brickett, graduated from the Ladies' Literary De- partment of Oberlin College in 1*75. She taught with her brother in Valley Academy and the Union School, at Hillsborough Bridge, from 1876 to 1879; in Deering Academy from 1879 to 1880; in Hooksett, N. II., in the grammar school, from 1880 to the present time, this being her fifth consecutive year in thai 3C I. Julia E. Brickett, daughter of Rev. Harry and Eliza ('. Brickett, graduated at East Lake George Academy, N. Y., in 187.".; died at Hillsborough Bridge in 1876, aged -e\ enteen. Mary I. Brickett, youngest in the family, graduated at Abbot Academy, Andover, Mass., in 1884, ami resided with her parents in Thetford, Vt. 120 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Ada Buxton, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Buxton, graduated at Tilton Seminary in 1884. She has had a large and successful experience in teaching for one so young. Reuben W. Lovering, sun of Reuben and Martha A. Lovering, entered Harvard University in 1880. lie stood among the highest in scholarship and in manly exercises, earned Large sums of money in tutoring and had the fairest prospects of achieving the greatest success. Alas! who can read a single page in advance in the great book of human life'.' Within a few weeks of the time of graduation he sickened anil died, 'the only son of his mother, and she a widow." Frank Wyman, youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. S. D, Wyman, entered Harvard University in 1882, and has taken high rank as a scholar. Livy Whittle, son of Mr. and Mrs. David Whittle, is also at Harvard, taking a special course. < 'lara F. Potter, only child of Air. and Mrs. Joseph II. Potter, took a special course in a select Bchool in Manchester. Since then she has been constantly engaged in teaching in her own town, with marked success. Angie I. Marcy graduated at Cushing Academy, in Massachusetts, and has since had full employment, at remunerative wages, in teaching. ( 'olouel .T. F. Grimes lias several sonsaway in institutions of learning. < »f these, James W. is fitting for college at Phillips Andover Academy in Massachusetts. Marion A. Moore is at Framing- ham Normal Institute; Amy L. Story and her In-other, Frederick G. Story, Cora Peaslee and her sister and Cora M. Kimball are at different institu- tions of learning; Hammond J. Dutton and George Khen Wyman arc graduates of the English Depart- ment of Phillips Academy, Andover, Alass. ; William Dow, son of S. Dow and Ursula Rosette Wyman, is a graduate of Colby Academy, of New London. He is now in the insurance business in Chicago, 111. The Fuller Town Library.— Mark Fuller, at his death, left in his will to the town of Hillsborough the sum of two thousand dollars for the use of a town free library, on condition of keeping in repair, from year to year, perpetually, the family burial-plot in the cemetery between the Lower and Upper villages. The trustees were to be as follows: The three select- men of the town, ex-offieio, and two others, the first one to be elected lor two years and tl tiler for one — one going out and a new one elected each suc- ceeding year. The town accepted the gift on its con- ditions, and chose Charles W. Conn for two years and Rev. Harry Brickett for one year. The trustees organized and chose S. 1'. Wyman secretary and established the library ; Jacob 1!. Whittemore don a ted twenty-five dollars in the rent of a room lor the first year. Books were purchased and a catalogue made out and printed, the library-room fitted up for use and Willis (i. Buxton appointed librarian. The Fuller Town Library was duly launched, and went into operation as a circulating library. The town, at every annual meeting, has added one hundred dollars each year for the purchase of books. in addition to the income of the fund. Airs. Alark Fuller, at her death, left in her will a large addi- tional sum for the use of the library. I In Fuller Public Library is open every Satur- day from 9 to 12 A.M., and from 6.15 to 9 o'clock P.M., and is free to all residents of the town over twelve years of age. Valley Bank. — From a written report of the cash- ier, John C. Campbell, Esq., to the publisher of this history we learn the following facts: "1st, Valley Bank (State) was chartered .Inly, I860, and organized October 1, 1860. 2d, Directors, John G. Fuller, Ammi Smith, John G. Dickey. James F. Briggs, Joshua Marcy, S. D. Wyman, F. N. Blood. 3d, President, John G. Fuller ; Cashier, John C.Camp- bell. 4th. Stephen Kenriek was chosen president June 24, 1861, to succeed John C. Fuller, deceased. In December, 1868, the First National Bank of Hillsborough was chartered, and subsequently organ- ized by the choice of Stephen Kenriek, Stephen D. Wyman, James F. Briggs, George Noyes, Jonas Wallace, James Chase and E. P. Howard, directors. Capital, Bftj thousand dollars. President. Stephen Kenriek ; Cashier, John C. Campbell. At the death of Mr. Kenriek, in August, 1884, James F. Briggs was chosen to succeed him. Present officers, — Presi- dent, James F. Briggs; Cashier, John C. Campbell ; present Hoard of Directors, James F. Briggs, Abel C. Burnham, George D. Ward. Charles W. Conn and John F. Jones. Surplus and undivided profit-. $11,074.14." The Press. — The first newspaper issued at Hills- borough Bridge was called Thi Weekly News, and sent out in the fall of 1859 by John K. Flanders, assisted financially by J. II. T. Newell. Through failures and other discouragements the paper passed through other hands in rapid succession, Mr. Newell all the time keeping his eye and hand on it to sec that its money value did not escape him. In process of time it passed into Joe II. Potter's hands, who was a practical printer and did job-work. Mr. Boylston said tie '■ late," but he is selling furniture now at Hillsborough Bridge. The editor was mistaken. The following I quote verbatim from Air. Boylston's excellent "His- tory of the Press : " "Tfta HitUborough .T/essenjjer was commenced in December, 1867, bj William ll S&rgenl wb tinued its publication until June, 1875, whi n it pem : .i.-. n. . bands ol James P. Cbase a Co. The - ni I th, firm w.t- In. .1. P t'li.c-f, who in early lifv liad been a practical printer, and ulin-r .i.l \ [<■•■ v. ;.-.•! '-!-.■. it j'h:t Ma -.■ !■• In- ■>")]. the junior partner. In their hands the paper prospered and betokened success, which wae I., sudden decease of the junior partner, who was a great favorite with the community. Dr. Chase continued the paper, aided bj Prof, ii.niv I. Brickett, until Feb. 1. 1877, when, by sale, it passed into the hands of Edwin C. Holton and Edward J. Thompson. Mr. Holton assumed the i ditorship,— aided also by Prof. Brickett,— and Mr. Thomp- son, a practical printer, the direel I the office [n July, 1879, Mr. Thompson rWin>r. Chase struck the right key in excluding from the paper, when under his control, everything not suited for a family paper. Those who have since him wielded the editorial pen and scissors have imitated hi- example. Mr. Hutchins spares no pains or ex- pense in raising the character of The Hillsborough Messenger. Every one who has lived in the town on going away to live, takes with him the paper. He t'eels that it is a necessity, something he must have. Mr. Hutchins has won many true friend.-. Stage-Routes and Stage-Drivers.— In former years Hillsborough Bridge was noted for the number and excellence of the stage-routes starting from it and centering there. The completion of the railroad to Winchendon and to Keene has made a change. As it is, three, and sometimes four, lines start out from the Bridge, — one through the Centre to East Wash- ington and Bradford; one through the Lower and Upper villages to Washington (some of the time to Deering) : and one, from time immemorial under the care of Hatch Burnham, formerly through to Keene, hut now only to Stoddard. In the olden time famous drivers cracked the whip and held the ribbons; among others, the fearless Jackson, and Smith, with the stiff knee, but level head. Stores and Shops.— "Whatever is wanted for home consumption can be obtained at Hillsborough "at cost and more, too," and whatever is offered for sale and finds purchasers can be found in all the stores, and when one is out of a given article, by some means, in a very short time the rest are " out of it," too. It is a good place for trade, and there is a wide country from which to draw custom. There is one- thing to be noted, — the same firms continue year after year for a series of years. The oldest firms are Dut- ton & Morse, 1. S. Butler, Horace Marcy ami Mor- rill & Merrell, There are some smaller stores. Miss Sara Farrar has kept a millinery-shop for years, and Mrs. Robert C. Dickey has kept one for the last four years. Henry C. Colby keeps, in the Newman Block, the best assortment of stoves and tin-ware. The Kimballs and Pickering wield the cleaver and deal in meats, and a shop for almost anything can he found in Hillsborough. Hillsborough has been noted for many years for having a good assortment of drugs and medicines. Horace Marcy keeps a drug-store in connection with dry-goods. Bobert C. Dickey is known far and wide as one who is master of the pestle and mortar, the alembic, retort, and crucible. Mr. Dickey's predeces- sor, Mr. Goodale, was a skillful druggist. The late Win. B. Whittemore once dealt in medicines in the drug-store. Hillsborough has its silversmith ; W. H. Story keeps an assortment of silverware, ami does re- pairing neatly at short notice. l'an.\ -tores of var- ious kinds are kept at the Bridge village. A five and ten-cent counter is the attraction at William .1. Marsh's store, in Butler's Block. Valley Hotel— Hillsborough Bridge has been noted tor good hostelry for at least the last quarter of a century. Oliver Greenleaf was among tie most noted as an inn-keeper. He had the faculty of pleas- ing the traveling public in a wonderful degree. lb- was succeeded by others for short terms. The I Ihilds Brothers kept the Valley Hotel with great acceptani e to the public for several years. The present proprie- tor is Charles G. Putney. His rooms and tables are well tilled. Hillsborough waited a long time, some- times impatiently, for the " New Mill." It is begin- ning to wonder when tin- promised new hotel will take the place of the old one, with ample ace ni- dations for the crowd that will certainly fill it to it- utmost capacity. When that takes place, the new '■ History of Hillsborough," about to he forthcoming under the auspices of the town, will devote a para- graph in mention of it. "To fulfill all righteousness" to make the history complete, a list of the town officers is subjoined. The curious may read, the indifferent pass it over unread. It will be interesting, at least, to those whose ances- tors served the town in its early days. One can hut notice that, as a rule, the early settlers were men of character and general intelligence. Men who were lacking in noble, yea. in great qualities, rarely under- take so perilous a work as founding a new Stale or town. Very often it is the very best portion of the community that embark in such an enterprise. The "Mayflower" and its consorts of the deep brought over some of the best hlood in England to settle in the wilds of the New World. Some of the noblest men in Massachusetts followed, or led, rather, in the work of building the new town of Hillsborough from 174] to 1767. low x OFFICERS. 17v:.. Joseph Simon. Is . . 1771'.. Samuel Bradford ! 1777. William Pope . . . , 177S. Timothy Bradford 1779. Samuel Bradford, .Ir . 1780. William Pope . . . . 1786. John Duttou 1793. EnosTowne! 1835. Amos Flint 1841 Jotham M I: T.iwn- died in 171C and. I.. III. M ' "ll.-> due of that year. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1774 Tim. -thy Wilkina. . . 177"., Joseph Symondg . . . 177' . Daniel McNeil .... 1777. Andrew Dixhv .... 1778. Joseph Syinonds . . . '■[ . .1] V i h Symonds . . . B 1801. Otis Howe 1802. Benjamii 1803. John Dutton 1805. Benjamin Pier, i . 1772. Isaac Andrews . . John Mel olle} Daniel McNeil .... ■ .! iwill . . . . William Pope . . William P 1777. John Mel ollej Moses Steel 177-. Timothy Bradford . . Samuel Bra Ifoi i. Jl Daniel M Neil . . . . James M l 1780. William P | Jacob Flint L781 1-.'" ■■ John Dutton Archibal ■ larj . . . 1782. The first thr ftheS elei ted in 17-1 c instil Willcm Svl uN . . William Ta - \ Isaac An! PaulCooledgi John M :( olley .... John » Clary .... John McColl I: ... 'I V, I. .. I)- . . . Jl - I. It. Ill 1811. Benjamin Pierce 1-1 l. 1815. John Burnam . 1823. Luther smith . 1824 John Burnam . 1825. Reuben II. it. h 1828 Franklin Pierce 183i. Amos Flint . . 1835 Thomas Wilson 1836 1-M7 Hiram Monroe 1-41 i ..'..i ge Das lb Silas Dutton . . . David Starret . . -in. .T.iiii. - W i 1812. Samuel Bai m - ■ Smiths . . . 1-14. Samuel Gibson . . IS1C. .I-. 1 Stow Jonathan Tilton . . 1818. G ge Little . . . . 1821. Al.x.i. ' -!mu . . . . 1S24. Joel Stow . . . . T) i. .- w ilson . . . .1, Tnttle . . . 1830. Peter l Isaac J I-;.; 1834. Amos Flint . . 1S36. Hans mi Bixbj 1- ;.-. .1 i Brown . .-..ii. ly Stinlli work to men of ability, who will have ample time to do their work, and no doubt ample compensation for the work they do. They will not have to do it under the blazing sun of the longest days of the year, it is i tn lie hoped, as the present writer is under the neces- sity of doing. He has given in the above enumera- te tion a touch of the good things the people have to expect, — interminable columns of names, dates and sums of money in the form of bounties, taxes and value of real estate. The list given brings it down to the recollectioD of living men and women. If any are curious to know more, the writer will refer them to the forthcoming his- tory of the town, for the writing of which the town has made the most ample provisions, parceling out the ■ Cow .I. dii .1 in tli- year 17'.'::. ami John Mi i olli j l.-'tinati fur tlu ler Smith re-iL-m- i tic- ..trice ..I -.-]... .tiu.iii . .11 account of its 11 was ' Lected li hi, ir..f. -si'.ti.il Im-i in 1,:- -t.U'l fertile remainder of the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. FRANCIS GRIMES. Francis Grimes is the second son (fourth child) of John and Betsy (Wilson) Grimes, of Deering, X. H., and was born in that town October 19, 1805. He was reared upon the farm, receiving the advan- tages ol tie' common district school and a few terms at/the Hillsborough Academy, under the instruction of Simeon I. Bard. He entered the store of James Butler, at Hillsborough Bridge, as clerk, where he -pint a i'rw years, but mercantile business not being to his taste. In- went, in 1832, to Windsor, N. II., and engaged ill fanning mi a large scale, in which pur- suil he wa- eminently successful, and in which he continued until 1856, when he removed to Hills- borough Bridge, where he has since resided. Mr. Grimes was endowed with a sound judgment and business -agaeity, which he has carried into the every-day practical affairs of life. He has always .lone hi- own thinking; has decision of character and entire integrity: his word is as good as his bond. He has never -ought and seldom accepted office; wa- one of the selectmen of Windsor two years ; has been justice of the peace, and was, for a few years. United States internal revenue collector of his district. He was made a Master-Mason in Harmony Lodge, No. 38, \. I'. \. Masons, in 1857, since which time he has taken a deep interest not only in the growth and welfare of his own lodge, but in that of the institu- tion everywhere. He married, first, Mary, daughter of Judge Henry B. .and Dorothy (Bean) Chase, of Warner, N. H., February :>, Is::;. Children — Sarah I-'., born July 9, 1838, married Alfred John- son May 1. 1860, ami has children —Edwin Francis (Johnson), horn January 20, 1861, ami Alfred Grimes (Johnson), burn July 7. 1867. John Henry, born May 4, 1840. He enlisted in the United States marine service upon the breaking out ol' the Rebellion, and was appointed second lieu- tenant ; participated in the first battle of Bull Run, where he was wounded by a Minie-ball; was on board the transport "Governor" at the time she sunk, November 2, 1861, and was the last man to # ¥ ^¥ 7 7/CL^ C ,?^^^r^^/ «-/ . w^>2-~>^-i_-^ , IIIU.si:ni;oi (ill 423 leave the ship, being rescued by United States frigate " Sabine," and was promoted to first lieutenant for gallant conduct on that occasion. He remained in the service until the close of the Rebellion. Mary Chase, born March 28, 1842; died, unmar- ried, October 17, 1875. Helen D., born March 4, 1844; married George B. Whittemore, of Antrim, > T . H., November 24, 1870. Children, — Francis Grimes (Whittemore), born Feb- ruary 6, 1872, died July 8, 1872; Henry Ernest (Whittemore), born February 1, 1872, resides in Bos- ton, Mass. Lissia A., born December 7, 1851. Mrs. Grimes died December 30, 1851, and he mar- ried, second, Mrs. Lucinda Egleston, duly 4, 1853. One son by this marriage, — Frank C, bom August 9, 1857; married Abide J. Davis, of Hillsborough, April 7. 1880. ( me child- Francis Crimes, born January 10, 1881; resides in ing; N. H. COLONEL JAMES POKSAITH GRIMES. 1 The portrait accompanying this sketch places the subject in a good light before the reader. As a per- sonal likeness of Colonel Grimes it is good, and as a likeness portraying the general features of the Grimes family it is also good. Any one who has seen Senator James W. Grimes (the colonel's uncle) or Commo- dore John G. Walker (bis cousin) will see that the likeness strongly suggests each of them. There are indications of decision and strong will in the portrait. The ancestors of Colonel Grimes were Scotch-Irish, an ancestry of whom any man may be justly proud. The orthography of the name has changed from time to time from Graeme to Graham and Crimes. The first ancestor of whom we have record was Francis 1 Graham, who came to America about the year 1719, and settled at or near Boston, Mass., and in 1741 moved to Hillsborough as one of the pioneer settlers, where he remained until driven off by the Indians, in 174(1. While living in Hillsborough, in 174:1, a daughter, Ann, was born into the family. She was married to Deacon William McKean, and settled in Deering, N. H., where she died July 12, 1825, aged eighty-two years. His son, Francis 2 , Jr. (whose name was later changed to Grimes), was born in 1747. on Noddle's Island (now East Boston), and later moved to Lon- donderry, N. H., and thence to Deering, X. 11., as one of the early settlers of that town, in 1765. He married Elizabeth Wilson, of Londonderry, N. H. His son, John 3 , was born August 11, 1772, in Deer- ing, and lived on what is now known as the McNeil place, and removed to Hillsborough in March, 1836, with his family, and there remained until his death, October 17, 1851. He married Elizabeth Wilson, of Deering. and from this union there were eight chil- ' Bv Rl-v. Hum Brick, tt, M. A. ilren, the youngest of w lmm was J, nut:- ' Witmit, who was a gradual, of Dartmouth College, a classmate of lion. Samuel C. Bartlett, the present president of that in- stitution, and Hon. John Wentworth, of Illinois. He was also Governor of the State of Iowa in 1854 58, and was a member of the Senate of the United Slates from 1859 to 1869. Ee was born October 20, 1816, and died February 7, 1872. The other children of John 3 were Hiram*, Jane 4 , Susan', Francis*, Da\ i. 1820; Bradford 3 , born July 10. 1807 ; Alvira 3 , born June 26, 1809. David 3 was born in Gilsum, N. H., June 6,1783; came to Hillsborough when twenty years of age; worked out on a farm for a season, and then learned the shoemaker's trade ; married. January 6, 1806, Keziah, daughter of Benjamin and Hannah (Parker) Kimball, of Hillsborough; removed to Francestown, where he remained seven vears, and carried on the and currying. He then returned to Hillsborough Lower village, established the same business there. in which he remained during the remainder of his life. His wife died Februan 23, 1864; he died No- vember 8, 1867. IP- children were all bom in Francestown, and were David Gardner 1 , born October 27, 1806; married, April 27, 1830, Jane, daughter of Josiah and Sally (Dean) < lonverse, of Amherst, N. II. In early life lie was a noted hotel-keeper in 1'tica and Koine, N. Y., Washington, 1 >. C, Richmond, Va., and other places. Later, he did an extensive business as druggist in Concord, N. H. ; died in ( loncord July 10, 1879. His children were Sarah Jane', bom in Hook- sett, X. II., June 25, 1836; married Joseph Harlow, of Plymouth, Mass.; Henry \V.\ born in Hooksett, X. H, June 30. 1838; graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1857; at Dane Law School, Harvard Univer- sity, as Bachelor of Laws, in 1859. Upon the break- ing out of the Bebellion he enlisted as a private in the First Regiment of three months' volunteers from this State; was commissioned first lieutenant ol Company Q April 30, 1861. After the First Regi- ment was mustered out he was commissioned captain in the " Fighting Fifth." Later, was lieutenant-col- onel of the Fifteenth, then colonel of the Thirty- third United States colored troops, and finally a brevel brigadier of United States Volunteers. He remained in the service until 1866, when he settled in Boston, Mass. He was a Republican in politics, and took an active interest in public affairs, serving in the Com- mon Council in 1774, as a Representative in the Leg- islature in 1875, '70. '77 and "7'.», was a member of the State Senate in 1880 and 1881 and was, a few weeks before his death, appointed by ( lovernor Robinson as judge of the Roxbury court. He married, Septem- ber Hi, LSI'.:;, Elizabeth, daughter of Laban and Frances (Lewis) Beecher, of Boston, Mass., where he died April 7, 1885, leaving one son, Fred., born March 2:'., 1872. George C. 5 , bom in Lowell, Mass.. December 30, 1840, died in Concord, X. 11., February lo, L878. He married. December 31, L861, Josie, daughter of Joseph and (Shackford) French, of Concord, X. 11., where she died September, 1864. Ethelinda G. 5 , bom in Concord, X. H., December 11, 1849; died there March 5, 1851. Mark W.', born April 7, 1808; married, November 17,1831, Sarah, daughter of William ami Sally (Priest) Conn, of Hillsborough. One daughter, Susan, born April 24. 1840, died December 13, 1859. John Gibson* (see sketch). William FA born in Francestown, X". II.. Maj 10,1812; died in Hillsborough, N. H., Novem- ber 17, 1830. John Gibson Fuller 4 was born iu Francestown, N. II., April 21, 1810. He was the third son of |) ; i- vid and Kesiah (Kimball) Fuller, and came from that town to Hillsborough, with his parents, when three years old, where be grew to manhood. His only educational advantages were derived from the 426 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. village school, at that time much less efficient than now. He learned the trade of tanning and currying of his father, with whom he was afterwards in business. Somewhere about 1850 a few calf-skins which he had tanned and sold in Boston, Mass., were purchased by Mr. Stephen Westcott, a leather dealer of that city. They proved such excellent leather that Mr. Westcott traced them back to Fuller's tan- nery, and sent a small number of green skins to Mr. Fuller to tan. The result was satisfactory to both parties, and from this small beginning was developed a large business in tanning of calf-skins only, the leather being known in market as "Westcott calf." He gave constant employment to from fifteen to twenty men. To the business of tanning was added, a few years later, that of currying. Mr. Fuller was a man of marked executive ability. He had a re- markable faculty for reading character and of influenc- ing men. His friendship meant something. If any person did him a favor, he never forgot it. Whatever he undertook to do he accomplished, if it was possi- ble. He allowed no obstacle to stand in his way. He was largely instrumental in the establishing of the Valley Bank (now First National Bank of Hills- borough!, and upon its organization he was chosen it- president, which position he held at the time of his death. In business habits he was methodical and prompt. In politics Mr. Fuller was a Whig and. later, a Free-Soiler. He hated slavery. At the time of the execution of John Brown he tolled the ehurch bell with his own hands. While he was a man of decided convictions, resolute anil energetic action, he held in high respect those who honestly differed from him in opinion. Mr. Fuller married Ann, daughter of Nathaniel and Betsy (bobbins) Jones, of Hillsborough, who was born September 27, 1814, and who died August 22, 1865. He died very suddenly in Nashua, N. II., June 14, 1861, while on a business trip to that city. Their children were Abbie A. 3 , bom December 4, 1834; married, in 1855, Stephen E. Westcott, of Bos- ton, Mass. Children,— Everett Fuller'' (Westcott), born in Boston, Mass., in 1S.J8. died there September 11,1877; Edith 6 (Westcott), bom in Boston, Mass., December 3, 1870. Helen Marr 6 , born July P. 1836; died August 8, 1840. Wirt Ximeo 5 , born January 23, 1850; was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.; married, February 3,1870, Addie A., daughter of » 1-eorge F. and ( laroline Carter (Grant) Russell, of Boston, Mass., where they reside, and have children, —Wirt R. 6 , born January 29, 1871 ; Addie May", born April 28, 1874. ABEL ei.N \ s l BURNHAM, M.D. 1 The Burnham family trace their ancestors in a di- rect line of succession to Kobert 1 Burnham, who was bom in Norwich, Norfolk County, England, in 1581. In 1608 he married Mary Andrews, and had seven : Bj B, children, of whom three sons, John-, Robert 2 and Thomas 2 , came to America. Thomas 2 was born in 162:!, and came to America when twelve years old, with bis brothers, in the ship "Angel Gabriel," which was wrecked on the coast of Maine. He settled in Chebacco (now Essex), Mass., and was out in the Pequot expedition. He married, in 1645, Mary Tuttle; had twelve children, and died in 1694. His son, John 3 , was born in 1648 ; married Elizabeth Wells; had nine children, and died in 17o4. His son, Thomas 4 , was bom in 1673; he married, was the father of six children and died in 1748. Stephen "', a son of Thomas', married .Mary Andrews, and settled in Gloucester, Mass. The date of his death is un- known. He bad thirteen children. One of the sixth generation, Joshua", son of Stephen ' and Mary (An- drews) Burnham, was born in Gloucester, .Mass., in 1754. He had ten children, one of whom, TKomas . was born in Milford, N. II., in 1783; married Rachel Conant in 1807, and removed to Antrim in 1821, where be resided until 1837, when he came to Hills- borough, where he died in 1856. His wife died in Nashua in 1 TTL, aged eighty-seven years. Dr. Abel 8 C. Burnham, the subject of this sketch, was the second son of Thomas' and Rachel (Conant) Burnham, and was born in Amherst, N. IF. May 2, 1812. During his boyhood he lived several years with an uncle. Rev. A. Conant, at Leominster. Mass., attend- ing school and studying at home under the direction ol his uncle. He acquired an academical education at the academies of Francestown, Pembroke and Hillsborough. After teaching a year at Watervliet, N. Y., be returned to Hillsborough, and commenced the study of medicine with the late Dr.Elisha Hatch, of this town, with whom he remained two years, teach- ing school in the winter. The third year he spent in the office of the celebrated surgeon, Amos Twitchell, M.D., ofKeene, N. H. 1 1 ei e he had the best of opportunities to study prac- tical surgery, and when, as was often the case, the doctor was called to a distance to some difficult oper- tion, his pupil accompanied him as a trusted and bandy assistant. In after-years Dr. Burnham became himself a skillful surgeon, and was called to operate in many difficult cases. He had prepared himself for this by it thorough study of anatomy, accompanied by work in the dissecting-room. He made himself acquainted with the most modern works and modes of practice in surgery, and with his own eyes saw them carried out into actual practice. During these three years be attended three courses of medical lectures. — one at Woodstock, Yt.. and two at Dartmouth Medical College, at Hanover, where he graduated in November, 1839. At the commencement exercises of 184o the names of Dr. Burnham and his associates, who had passed their examination and re- ceived their degree the fall before, were proclaimed, in tin sonorous tones of President Lord, in behalf of the trustees, Doctores Medicince. Dr. Burnham, hav- .yfrup. fiSc-t^^A* ty^/z^i^t^ t*^ ^2^C^ c^?^4 HILLSBOIKH GH. 127 ing alreadj had the benefit of sinh teachers as Drs. Hatch, Twitchell, Holmes, Mussey and other excel- lent professors in medicine, went to Lowell, Mass., and entered the office of Drs. Kimball and Bartlett, and remaining during the winter, returned to Hills- borough in tlic spring and spent a year with Dr. Hatch as his assistant, and commenced practice at Hillsborough Centre in February, 1841, but removed to the Bridge village, a more central and desirable lo- cation, in < (etober of the same year. After practicing here six years he attended a course of medical lec- tures at the University of New York and at the hos- pitals of that city, after which he returned to Hills- borough Bridge, and resumed uis practice, where he has since resided and continued in active practice until the present time (1885), a period of forty-four Dr. Burnham has remarkable tact in the sick-room. As a rule, he is a man of few words, quiet and unob- trusive, and very careful of what he says in the pres- ence of the sick. His coming is gladly welcomed by his patients. He lias been remarkably successful in treating the diseases of children, such as scarlatina, measles and other like diseases, and his help lias been much sought for in neighboring towns. His natural tastes have led him in the direction of surgery, and he has frequentlj been called upon t" perform capital operations, such as amputations, also operations for the removal of necrosed bone, cancers, cataract, etc., h iili g I success. Dr. Burnham has remarkable self-possession in time uf an emergency, — good judgment, a clear head and a steady hand. Creat responsibilities have often rested on him where the safety of the patient hung in the balance and seemed to depend on his skill and judgment. His intercourse with neighboring physicians has always been courteous, and with the youngei membersofthe profession marked bj great kindness, ever ready to encourage and assist them with his counsels. Dr. Burnham has held, by appointment of the Governor of New Hampshire, through several con- secutive years, the office of surgeon of the Twenty- sixth Regiment of New Hampshire militia, and until honorably discharged at his own request. lie held the office of superintending sele.nl com- mittee in the town of Hillsborough four years. In lS4i> he was commissioned justice of the peace for the count} of Hillsborough, and still holds the commission. He has been twice elected to represent the town in tin State Legislature, and has been a member of the Hoard of Education at Hillsborough Bridge for three years, also lor thirteen veal's a member of the board of directors of the First National Bank of Hillsbor- ough; he is a member of the New I Hampshire Medical Soeiety.and in March, I860, was made a Master Mason in Harmony Lodge, in Hillsborough, and was for several years its secretary. For more than forty years the doctor has lived in the same place, practiced in an enlarging held and held, unimpaired and ever-increasing, the confidence of the community, both as a man and a physician. November 9, 1849, Dr. Burnham married Caroline M., oldest daughter of < reorge and Marj (Steele) Dascomb, of Hillsborough, N. II. She was horn duly 27, 182:1. JONES FAMILY. 1 Among the earliest settlers of the town of Hills- borough, N. 11.. was 117///.;///', who eame from Wil- mington, -Mass. Ii is noi known at wha he removed here, hut his name appears upon the first records of the town now extant : nor is the name of his wife known, nor the birth-place of his large family of children, hut probably the most, if not. all, of them were horn in Wilmington. His descendants are nu- merous, and among the most respected citizens of the town, lie had four sons and rive daughters. His fourth son. James' 1 , was horn in Wilmington, Mass., and died .Inly Is. 1839, ami his wife, \iina, died March 30, 1841. Married Anna, .laughter of Nathaniel and Sarah (Parker) Cooledge. Their chil- dren were, Jonathan 3 , born September :!, 177S; died .March 5, 1810, unmarried. Anna : , horn February is. 1780; married, Bret, Alex- ander McClintock, and, second, Asa Goodell; died March is, 1829. .lames ; , born December 9, 1782; married Sarah Smith, had one son, George, who died Nov. 11, 1844. Silas . born March 6, 1784; married Catherine Rolf, went to Pittsburgh, Pa., where h. died Oct. 6, 1832. Cooledge 3 , born February 4, 1786 ; married Pierce Stone ; died February !•, 1856. Sarah 3 , hom March 22. 1788; died Julj 3, 1788. Nathaniel ', born May ::, 1789; married Betsy Rob- bins; died August L9, 1867. Ebenezer 3 , born February 7, 1792; married, Mary 'I', ('an-; died December 1. 1864. Parker 3 , born Februarj 13, 1794; married Judith Clapp; died .May 28, 1861. Solomon 3 , bom February 7, 1796; died in Pennsyl- vania, August 2:!, 1842, unmarried. Wa .horn February 3, 1798 ; married Thank- ful Dy.r; died March 21, 1868. Sarah P. 3 , horn dune 7, 1801 ; married Charles Baldwin; died November 3, 1844. Ebeni er 3 married Mary Turner, daughter of Nathan ami Elizabeth (Smith) ( 'air, October 6, 1816; removed to Unity, N. II., where he resided ten years, when he returned to Hillsborough and pun based the Nathaniel Johnson farm, upon which he afterwards resided. Their children i Charlotte \ born January 6, 1818 ; married Alonzo Tuttle, of Hillsborough ; died August 31, 1861. 1 IniG Me, M. D, H> HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Nathan P. 4 , born in Unity, X. II., June 3, 1820; died August 4, 1820, ill thai town. /'■trktr' (sol- biographical sketch). James 4 , born in Unity, N. II., November 17. 1823. George 4 , born in Unity, N. 11., February In, 1826; married Mrs. Mary (Goodale) Smith, of Hillsborough. Mary E. 4 , born May 22, L828; married David \V. < Iri s, of Hillsborough. Harvey ', born July 6, 1 330. I beni er ', born October 24, 1S32; niarried Malvina Shedd, of Hillsborough ; resides on the homestead; has two suns, — James H., born November 25,1860; Parker, born October 11. 1864. Sarah A.', born March I'll, 1836; married Colonel .lames F. Grimes. Parker*, son of Ebenezer and Mary Turner (Carr) • I s, was born in Unity, N. H., July 31, 1821; he came to Hillsborough with his parents iu 18H0; had such educational advantages only as arc afforded by the common school; he left his home when nineteen years of age " to seek his fortune." and found employ- ment at the Astor House, New York City, then one of the most famous hotels in the country. After two years as porter, he was ottered a place in the office, where he was rapidly promoted 10 the position of chief .Ink. a position for which he was peculiarly adapted, and which he continued to hold until obliged by ill health to resign. Here he formed the acquaintance of aU the most eminent men in the country, which, in many instances, ripened into personal friendship. The following tribute, n ritten by one of his life-long friends, and published in the Home Journal soon after his death, gives a more faithful delineation of his character than a stranger can give: "IN MKMoKI MI ••On Thiii>ilay !;i.|, .it tin* \-t..r Hmi — , in Mi.- hu ly--i\th \-.n nl hi- age, Parkei Jones departed this life, peacefully ami in the full hope of a iilt-ssi-.l iiiini.utnlity IVihaji- i;iti nl hi- yat -. tilling .1 similar sla- li.ill ill litr, was luniv wiilrh lomwii ,,| hail waitimr fti.inl- I'm n|- war.l nl twiiltv in- wars h- Inn I ln'-li :i i li, ami. latin- up a peu, said,—' Parker is a g I boy. I don't hi i Hi- i loks v subscription/ ami doubled it. The late Colonel i ii- tii hi. ii i lade On- Astor Souse his home when in Niw \ ml,, Ii.ai.l ul tlu- i.i'.'.s.-iilali..ii al'trr il hail hi-i'H mail.:, ami wrutc ., I, II,. i [,. 1'aik.T ill Mill' li li- %|.i.-~."l In.- I..-I-1 at tint liaiilu; h.'.'li in Mm- ril\ at tin.' lint-, 1 inclosed a check for an at Hit - qual to .ins " Tin- writer ..f thin Imnildi- tribute to the many xirtues. if Parker .limes kueu linn ii-ll I'm iir.iilv Iw-uty years liiinn- nil this I llm Ast-i in. re faithful Mi v.i lit a ml thr ttavrlitiL' pill. I I lei , in ,r- • v-ii t-iii]- i-l ami ..Mum- i.mservatur. ■' • oh Death ! Tim- -h.ill -ii ik- .i .l.i ed -I nl. I- u i- taken -i.'k ill Auu-iist. 1-iC, U'hil- .■!! .Inly in tin- alii. - ami hit .... i h- -. -i ..i in. ii l. -.a attendance md constant and affectionate can liad no othci effect ih.ni... : .. th -II -in I.-. an. I w In !i In . am- hail. I. th- V.-I..I 11mu-i* from hishi.mn* n \ -mi-Hi. i. .-. ft pt 1 1 I. 'nt I., bis friends that ■ \ ■ . ' i .in V". •"' ■ . .in .ii :i hnl- aft-i n .-ii- i-.i ii il,.-, win ii 1 1 be In 'I. I dear, al peace with all a ml . h-.i-.l hy theiuus..- ation nl a holy faith, In- --nil- .[liril s.ni-hi . " 'No farther seek his merits I i »i draw In- frailtii's IVnni their iln-ail aluiili- : Tli.ii tiny alikn in tretliUlli- Impi' ie|i,.-e, i' -..in of his Father and bis God.' " Mr. Jones married. June 14. 1859, Miss Julia < '. Andrews, of l'awlet.Yl., win, survives him. They liad no children. It is a well-authenticated fact that the families of these names in this country all sprung from a com- mon ancestry. At what time or why the orthog- raphy of the name was changed is not known, hut there is a tradition that three brothers, living in the same town, agreed to each adopt a separate spelling for their mutual convenience. Robert 1 Goodell, a great-great-grandson of KmIhti. was horn in 1604, and sailed from [pswich, England, August 30, 1634, in the ship "Elizabeth," William An- drews, commander, with his wife, Katherine, and three children, — .Mary ', lour years old ; Abraham ', iwo\ ears old; and Isaac 1 , six months. They .settled in Salem, Mass.. hut afterwards removed to what is now called 1 l.invers. The son Isaac 1 ' married Patience Cook ; they had chil- dren, one of whom, Isaac ', dr.. was ln.ni May 29, 1670. He served in the expedition against Canada in 1690, and. after his return, married Mary , December 3,1692. The} had twelve children, one of whom was Samuel ', born May S, 1694. Samuel* married Anna Fowler, of Saulshury, July 4, 1717. Their children were Robert", Enoch . Bar- tholomew 5 , Esther 5 (Collins), Hannah ' (Mclutire), Mary' (married .Hide Haeket), Anna' (married Enoch Fowler), another daughter, who married Moses Day. Robert" married (1st) Lydia Wallace in 1752, and married (I'd) Widow Mary Fowler in L764, and moved from Salem, Mass., to Weare, X. II.. when' he died December II, 1804. He had six children, of whom Robert 6 , Jr., and Samuel 6 were by the first wife. His other children were, — Stephen 6 , horn September 17, 1766, at Salem, .Mass.; married Mary Greenleaf al Weare,N. II., ami lived al Deering, N. II., where he died February 18, 1832; Jonathan*, born August 30, 1769, at Salem, Mass.; Mehitable, born — ; married foung, and after- wards • orles, of Weare, N. II. ; Esther . ^_£yC^<_^ (^0-€*-^ IIII.LSKOPvUUGII. Jonathan" married Sarah Hadloek at Deering, N. H., iu August, 1795, and resided iu Deering, where he died Januarj 6, 1858. Their children were, LeoV, born in Weare, N. H., March 7, I7'J7; [saac 7 , horn in Deeriug March 10, 1799, died May 15,1858; Lydia 7 , born in Deering July 7, 1802, married Jabez Morrell, died March 1, 1849; Clara 7 , born i ier- ing March 16, 1806, married Robert Carr.of 1 1 ilUl»..r- ough, N. II.; Betsy 7 , born in Deering November 15, 1808, married Mark vStarrett ;John II T . bornin Deering October 2, 1816, married (1st) Celestia S. Mooney, of Northfieid, who died October 1863, and he married (2d) Josephine I:. Atkinson, of Tilton, and lias one daughter by second wile, — Charlotte A.(! lale, horn Maj 26, 1875, has residedin Nashua since 1871. Levi 7 G lale, the subject of this sketch, was horn iu Weare, V II., -March 7. 1797; was educatedin the common schools in Deering and Salisbury Academy ; married, November 6,1817, Mary, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Newton) Howlett, who was horn January 28,1799; lived with his father-in-law, in Hillsbor- ough, till 1822, when hi' bought of Thomas Moore the farm in the north part of the town, now owned by his son Thomas. He was a laud surveyor, ami was better acquainted with the lines of farms in this ami adjoining towns than any man living. Mr. Goodale was much in public business, — was a select- man fourteen years, twelve of them consecutively ; was two \ cars chairman of the board as well as I own- clerk ami overseer of the poor; represented the town in the Legislature in 1844 ami 1845; was justice of the peace for thirty-live years ; he also adminis- tered "ii 1 Ired ami four estates, by which he acquired a g 1 knowledge of probate law, upon which his advice was often sought ami always given without fee. lie was a consistent Christian, a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, ami his house was headquarters for the ministers of that de- nomination, while the poor ami distressed never went unaided froin his door. It was his boast that he never bought a pound of hay, coffee or flour, or a bushel of any kind of grain or of potatoes. His earliest political affiliations were with the Democratic party, hut later he became a Free-Soiler, and upon the formation of the Republican party he joined it- fortunes and continued to act with it during his remaining lite. Mr. Goodale was a man of sound judgment, sterling integrity, of quiet unobtrusive manners and a retentive memory, which was replete with knowledge of the earl) settlement of the town and of its history and traditions. He enjoyed a a I joke and always had an anecdote ready to illustrate his opinions. Hillsborough has had lew such men. His wife died November 25, 1867; he died June 11, 1877. Children, —Thomas .V.", born in Hills- borough, N. H., August 24, 1819 (see next sketch); Marj II. . horn in Hillsborough, N. II., May 12, 1824, married (1st) Daniel I:. Smith and (I'd) George Jon,- Sarah A.\ horn in Hillsborough, N. H., 1 >ecen (2d)C Thomas 8 Ne (Howlett) (I August 24. 181 I Mary \. II. He trict-schools in this and adjoining towns with marked success. He was among the Erst who acquired the art of daguerreotyping, to the practice of winch he devoted more than twenty years of his life. Possess- ing an unusual artistic taste, the pictures whii h run, from his camera were among the lines! produced. 1 1, also, Inter, gave much attention to civil engineering and land surveying. He succeeded to his father's homestead, upon which be has erected a large and elegant house, and great l\ improved the Other build- ings, and where he dispenses an abundant hospitality. He has done a large prohale business since his father's death. Mr. Goodale is a man of pronounced and positive opinions; he was one of the first anti-slavery men in town, and has always worked and voted to promote the success of the Republican party. He has never held public offjee, He married, August 12, 1840, Caroline G. Calkins. Their children were, — (1) Laura" A., horn May 10. 1842, and married Nathaniel L. Chandler, of Sunapee, May. 1860, who died iii the War of the Rebellion (September 11. 1864), leaving one daughter, Christabel, who was horn March 31, 1861, and married, October Id, 1881, CharlesS. George, of Hopkinton; two children (twins), Charles A. and Allison 8., horn August 29, 1882. Allison S. died September, 1SS2. Laura A. married, second, June 5, 1867, Elbert Goodale and died May 24, 1885, leaving children,— Grace L., horn May 5, 1868; Carl /...horn November 25, 1870; Myrtle, born September 19,1876; Alice, horn July L9, 1881, died September, 1881 ; a son, horn May 24, 1885. (2) Mary" C, horn March 17, 1846, married Captain George A. Robbins, who died October 16, 1874; has one son, Thomas G. Robbins, born January 16, 1X74. (3) Addie" J., horn March 18, 1X7,:;, married O. II. Warner, resides in Lowell, Mass. (4) Sarah" ('., horn August 12, 1855. Mr. Goodale's wife (Caroline G.) died October 12, 1879, and he married, second, Mrs. Addie L. (Mather) Smith, of Newport, N. 11.; (hey have < daughter, Emilie E., horn November 21, 1884. He retired from active business three years ago (1882) on account of poor health. John Butler Smith is by everything but birth a native ol New Hampshire. Four generations of his BISTORY OF BILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW llAMl'SHlU ancestors have lived and— all hut the hist — died in this State. His great-great-grandfather, Lieutenant Thomas Smith, was an original grant f the town of Chester in 17l'o, and later on was the lirst white man to settle in New Boston. He came from Ireland to Chester, and was a distinguished eitizen of his adopted town, as its early records, by the frequent mention of his name, attest. A century and a half ago the Indians prowled through what are now our quiet New Hampshire villages; and one day Lieutenant Smith and his brother-in-law, while at work in the held, were cap- tured by them and hurried away from home and friends. At night they were securely hound, and neither was allowed to know where the other was secured. The second night Smith made up his mind he would escape. He took careful note of the direc- tion in which his friend was taken ; and when the Indians were fast asleep, he tried his extraordinary strength upon the cords that, around his arms and ankles, pinioned his body, face downward, to the earth. He snapped them. Then, releasing his com- panion, they retraced their steps, traveling by night in brooks to elude the scent of the dogs, and hiding by day in the tree-tops to escape their enraged cap- tors. On the night of the third day they reached their homes. About 1735 Smith, with his family, moved to New Boston, in this county. For a number of years be was the only white man in the town; and he fought his way against the Indians and endured such hardships as the pioneers of our country encount- ered. There one of bis sons, Deacon John Smith, married a daughter of William McNeil, by whom he bad five children. After her decease he married Ann Brown, of Francestow 11, who presented him with fourteen children, making a royal family even for thosi earl] days. Deacon Smith was a man of great force of character, and emphatically a pillar of the church ami the State. Traditions of bis resoluteness are -till fresh from repetition in the minds of bis kin and family friends. Among these nineteen children Was David, who married Eleanor < iiddings, and left thirteen children to perpetuate his name. Of tlcsc Ami, John B.'s father, was horn in Ac- worth, in 1800. He married Lydia F., daughter of Dr. Elijah Butler, of Weare. Soon alter his marriage he moved to Saxton's River, Vt., and engaged in the manufacture of woolen g Is. The subject of our sketch was horn there. April 12, 1838. Nine years after this ids father moved to Hillsborough Bridge, where he has since resided. He was iii moderate circumstances, hut disposed to educate his children as well as these circumstances would permit. This for John consisted of the advan- tages of the public schools of Hillsborough and two wars at Francestown Aeadeinv, where be fitted for College. A term before he was to be graduated lie left school, and went into a store in New Boston. He had been there only a year, when, at the age of twenty-one, he entered upon business in a small way for himself. He tried his hand at several kinds of business ami in different places: at Boston, as a dry- goods jobber; at Saxton's River, as a tinware man; at Manchester, as a druggist. While in the latter plai c. he married Jennie M. Knowles. Experimenting a year in each of the aho vena inei I varieties ot 1. urines-, in 1864 he commenced the manufature of knit-goods, the business in which he has achieved great success and made a fortune. He carried on this bitsim >s a year at Washington, and a year at Weare before he moved to Hillsborough. But these places were not titled for the business he had in mind to develop; and late in 1865, with a capital of ten thousand dol- lars, that he had accumulated up to this time, be moved to Hillsborough and built a small mill. He has always kept bis business within the limits of his own capital; but as this has increased, he has devel- oped hi- operations until, at the present time, he owns four-fifths of the fine-water power on the river here, and his mills employ one hundred and fifty hands. In 1882 his business was merged in the < lontoo :ooi Mills ( 'ompanv, of which Mr. Smith is president, and his nephew. George E. Gould, treasurer and business manager, by whom all the stock, except a nominal sum, is owned. Mr. Smith's business makes Hillsborough the busy place that it is; and he is considered one of the keenest, as well as one of the fairest, business linn of the State. His shrewdness is demonstrated b) the tact that, by hi- own energy, with no wonderful freak of fortune in his favor, he has come from a poor hoy to be reckoned anion- the wealthy men of the State ; and no man with whom he has had the smallest business dealing will ace use him of trickery or impugn his integrity. His record is (dean ill his own town, where he has done business for twenty years. His employes are his friends ; this is the most significant Compliment that can he given a business man. In polities Mr. Smith has always been a stanch Republican. He is conversant with the political his- tory of the country, and entertains bis pronounced views for reasons that he can readily convince one are well grounded in intelligence. He has never sought political office. His party has always been in the minority in the town; yet be has as ardently la- bored io support it as many a one who has been im- pelled by political ambition as well as party fealty. The only political office he has ever held was that of Presidential elector in 1884, at which election the liomocralie majority in town was reduced fifty votes; another evidence of Mr. Smith's popularity among bis neighbors. He is a member of the Congregational Church in Hillsborough, and has been since boyhood; is a con- /OocZZZo / Z V / < /~s & HILLSBOROUGH. stunt attendant at the church services and Sunday- school. He has contributed liberally to the support of the religious institutions of the town, especially his own church, and generously aids all charities that come under his observation, but Dever ostenta- Mr. Smith lias been interested in vam enterprises outside of Hillsborough. He was Half- owner of the < >|Mia-l louse Block in Mam Hester when it was built, in 1883, and is at present (1885) engaged in the drv-goods commission business in Boston, to which lie gives h of bis personal attention. During all his business career Mr. Smith has been an indefatigable worker, giving the strictest attention to all the details of his business; be has never al- lowed recreation to prejudice his business interests; he has been prudent ami frugal in his method oi living; he is temperate, strong and robust in phys- ique; he is a .lose calculator, careful investor, and his business judgment seld ens: these are the secrets of his success. November 1, 1883, Mr. Smith married Emma E. Lavamlcr, daughter of Stephen Lavander, of Bos- ton. .Mrs. Smith is an accomplished and Christian lady, with agreeable and winning manners. She has many acquaintances in Manchester, and a large circle of friends in Boston, her former home. Though she has lived in Hillsborougl ly a short time, her in- telligence and affability have won for her the friend- ship and esteem of all. She mingles freely in society. engages in all the social interests of the community, generously aiding, by personal work and material contribution, the religious and village charities. Her benevolence, like that of her husband, is marked by hearty g I- will, that makes the recipient feel her personal interest. JOHN GILBERT, Among the patriotic hearts stirred by the news of the battle of Lexington was one Joseph Gilbert, of Littleton, Mass., gentleman. Bidding an immediate farewell to his young wife, son of two years and a baby girl, he joined his brother's (Captain Samuel Gil- bert) company, under command ot' Colonel William Prescott, of the Seventh Regiment of Foot, and marched to the camp iii Cambridge. Here he received Ins commission as first lieutenant — now in the possession of his descendants — from the Congress of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay, dated May 19, 1775, and signed by the celebrated General Joseph Warren, scarcely another autograph of his, to a public docu- ment, being in existence. A second commission was received January 1, 1876, from the United Colonies, signed by Governor John Hancock. In a blank-book kept by him, various items, referring to camp-life, are recorded. Less than a month after his enlistment the Committee of Safety decided to occupy Bunker Hill. The perilous command was given to Colonel Prescott; lie man lied to Charlestown the evening of June 16th, with his brigade of one thousand men, threw up his intreiichnients and the following daj met the British ; his men were the last to leave the Ibid. On the 3d of July, General Washington, hav- ing been appointed commander-in-chief, reviewed the regiments on Cambridge Common. There was now hard work for the men in digging the iiitrench- meiits, which extended from Winter Hill to Dor- chester, confining the British army in Boston. The regiments were paraded January 1, 1776, to receive the new llag I 'ongress had agreed upon.- the stars and stripes. In digging trenches and acting as sentinel Lieutenant Gilbert seems to have been employed till March 17th, when his heart was rejoiced at the sight of the evacuation of Boston by the British. General Washington at once ordered a part of the army to New York, and from the item " Cash lent Samuel Gil- bert in New York, May or June," we may conclude he accompanied it. June 13th finds him at Gover- nor's Island, New York Harbor, the garrison stationed there being under command of Colonel Prescott. July 14th, William Williams signs a receipt for ten pounds, ten shillings, received by him, to be delivered to Lieutenant ( iilbert's wife. In August, when the American army was compelled to retire from New York City, Prescott attracted the notice and commendation of Washington by the good order in which he brought oil his regiments. Soon after, at Throgg's Neck (on which is Fort Schuy- ler), sixteen miles above Hell Gate, his regiment defended a bridge, preventing the landing of General Howe at that point. October 21st the army moved north in four divisions, and on the 28th occurred the battle of White Plains. Early in October, Colonel Prescott made a return to General Parsons, and his regiment in the brigade was stationed, November loth, at the fourth entrance to the Highland:-, beyond Robinson's bridge, at or above Peekskill. November 18th, Prescott reports his list of officers to General Heath; among them is Captain Samuel and Lieutenant Joseph Gilbert, who were sick at that date. At this winter camp on the Hudson, December 23d, he balances accounts with Lieutenant Joseph Baker, and December 27th receipts arc signed "for serving and shouldering, September, October ami November, in Captain (iilbert's company of the Seventh Regi- ment," by Jonathan Phelps, Joseph and Peter Baker, Ephraim Proctor, Isaac Durant Downe, William Brooks ami others. January "',1777, Peter Cooper receives from him eleven dollars, which is the last record in his handwriting. The winter was a trying one; he suffered from exposure, and fell a victim to the fever which attacked him in the spring. The next entry is made by the young widow : "April 20, 1777. — Credit the estate of Joseph Gilbert by pocket- 1 k, not appraised, '.Is." '' Westford, < >ctober 14th. — To cash paid the Judge, 9s. 4 cash paid the appraizers, '.'] 16s.," etc. His willow, with baby girl and son John, four years old, found herself the possessor of a fewhundred dollars from her husband's estate. The boy was strong and vigorous, took to farming and rally 1, 'allied the blacksmith's trade, almost a neces- sity in those days. He grew to be over six feet in height, and found plenty of work for his willing hand.--. Having decided to accept the invitation of his Uncle Robbins to come to Hillsborough, he stops at Greenfield, N. II., on the way, and while working for Benjamin Pollard, of thai place, asks and receives the assent of his daughter, Susan, to share with him the vicissitudes of life. They were married in 17!»7 or 1798. Benjamin Pollard was from Billerica, Mass.; he, wlih two of his brothers, served in the Revolu- tionary War, and he was a nephew of Asa. the first man killed at Bunker Hill. IL bought, first, a hall-acre of land in the centre of the town, of Peter and Samuel Robbins, for, fifty dollars, on which he built a house and shop, next the Boardman lot, having his deed from the original proprietor, Captain Hill (for whom the town was named). By degrees he added a piece of land as he had money to pay for it,— a meadow from the Harries estate, an upper pasture lot from Squire Johnson, -till In- secured a comfortable farm in the Centre of about one hundred and seventy-five acres, It was his custom for sixty years, on his birth-day, to make an inventory of his possessions, the first modest record reading,—" August 21, L795, -1-2 years old, worth in notes seventy-five dollars ; clothes, fifty-five dollars; total, one hundred and thirty dollars." The next year a gun is added to his possessions; and in 1 SI III his house. At the end of the first thirty years we find, " Aiii-im '-'I, 1825,52 years old, notes, cash, house, farm and buildings, four thousand two hundred and twenty-four dollars." The totals for the next thirty years vary slightly from this amount. John Gilbert was noted in town for his firm adherence to what he believed to he right, and for his strong g I sense and even temperament ; for a long time he was the only Whig in the village. He early abolished the rum-jug from the Held: joined and was an active member of the Congregational Church (remembering it in his will). I le was often chosen umpire and referee, being a man of reliable judgment, lie foretold our < 'ivil War, for he was a close observer of men and events. " Scott's Bible" was the I k he loved best to read, and the coming of his weekly paper, the Farmers? Cabinet, foi more than a score of years was anticipated with pleasure. Horn a subject of Great Britain, he lived to see the colonies a free and independent nation, and the Presidential chair occupied by one of his own townsmen (Franklin Pierce), railways and tele- graph introduced, the two days' journey to Boston shortened to live h s, the postage of twenty-four cents reduced to three, and the shoe-nails, so labori- ously produced from his forge in his younger days. turned out by the hundredweight. He died in 1857, highly respected, surviving all but one of his five children. His youngest son. John, born in 1804, with his two older brothers, Joseph and Benjamin, worked on the farm, and by turns in the shop winter eve- nings, while the two sisters assisted the mother in household duties. Every one had their allotted task, after the performance of which it was their great delight to meet the young people of the neigh- bor!) 1. When the Barnes family, the Duttons, the Lawtons the Simons and Julia Parker got together, bright and happy hours were passed. The barn-raisings and huskings, training ami muster-days are still fresh in the memory, softening the asperities of the school- hours; the ruler ami winter teacher were inseparable, both persuasion and force being considered necessaiw to instil into his sixty or seventy pupils a knowledge of the three " R's." In time Joseph goes to Boston; then his best friend, Oilman Karnes, follow-, ret inn- ing on a vacation with blue coal trimmed with brass buttons, ami the happy possessor id' a watch and pencil-case. This decided John; he is twenty-one, over six feel in height, active and ambitious ; Benja- min will stay on the farm, so he turns his face towards Boston, his whole capital being thirty dollars. For, the first three or four years he has a hard experience, collecting bills, distributing papers, working evenings for his board, after running all day, acting for a time as sexton of Park Street Church. His church duties, however, bring him to the knowledge of Jeremiah Evarts, Judge Hubbard, George Denney and Daniel Safford, who interest themselves in the hard working young man. In June, lS:;il, he unites with the church, finding ever after a Divine helper in every time of need. He still remains a member of this church, and has ever responded with willing heart and open hand to its needs and charities. By careful saving, through many discouragements, he accumulated one thousand dollars, which gave him an opportunity to start in the grocery business with Haydeu & Upham, How- ard Street, but dissolved in a year or two ils:;i»i t,, buyout the stand corner of Tremont and Bromfield Streets, hiring the store of Mr. John Bunstead; here, as in all the grocery-stores, was a bar where liquor was sold, and from the nearness of the Tremont The- atre it was considered a desirable location. This bar Mr. Gilbert at once abolished, though told he could have no trade without it, and opened a temperance grocery-store. The sign he put up, John Gilbert, Jr., & Co., has been familiar to Bostonians for titl\ years, and with hut one remove is still used by his nephew and successor in business, John ( '. I i i II nil . eldest son of his brother Joseph, who at seventeen entered his store, and when twenty one was given an interest in the business. This same year (October 4, 1833) he married Mrs. Vnn I!. Utwill, an F.nglish lad\ ami mother of three attractive children, the youngest of HILLSBOROUGH. business, from early morning till nine or ten :it night, be built up a good trade, passing without serious loss through the disastrous financial panic of 1837, when the bottom seemed to have dropped out of all trade, and the firsl question asked was, "Who has failed to- day'.'" lie visited New York frequently, buying directly from the manufacturers and importers ; also built up a large trade in butter, by going back into that State, where the tanners, saying there was no demand, were satisfied with the York shilling (twelve and one-half cents) offered for their host quality ; this, before the days of railroads, had to he forwarded by canals ami stages. A remunerative wholesale ami retail trade was thus established. About the year 1842, Mr. Gilbert, with others, sent on i a cargo of merchandise to Oregon; the vessel went round the Horn and reached there, fortunately, just as gold had been discovered. Lumber costing fourteen dollars a thousand in Oregon brought two hundred iii San Francisco, and provisions in proportion. agi the surprise of the company, of Mi Gilbert was the treasurer, in hearing they had a deed of nearly all the city of Portland, and soon after receiving the first gold, about fifty thousand dollars, sent from Oregon. A second vessel was sent, the captain of which proved dishonest. An agent built a vessel for them, which was wrecked. So Mr. Gilbert decided, having drawn one prize, he had had enough of speculation, and ever alter kept out of it. In 1837, Mr. Gilbert bought a house in Temple Street, and moved from there to his present residence :il the South End, in 1858. Having been troubled with deafness tor many years, resulting from a fever, he decided, on reaching his sixtieth 3 ear, to go out of husincss, leaving il with his nephew, above referred to, who hail been with him many years, and who has proved himself a most suc- cessful merchant. He invested his money at that time (1864) in real estate, the care of which has occupied him during his declining years. .Many an impoverished family and poor widow- have had occasion to bless his name from his for- bearing kindness, it having been his principle to suffer rather than inflict wrong. He has been almost daily aide to assist others, and has ever ascribed, with thankful heart, all his success to the loM.ind beneficence of his Heavenly Father. He sold the homestead farm, now owned and occu- pied by Mr. 1 reorge W. Hay. preserving the adjoining house, bought in 1830 by Benjamin and himself, w ith Orchard and wood lot, for family use. Here it has been the custom of all the family, by his invitation, to spend many pleasant weeks every summer, the at- tachment of all towards the homestead and church in the place being remarkably strong, Hillsborough Centre being preferred, even by the grandchildren, t<> any celebrated summer resort or gay watering place Nine months after celebrating hi- golden wedding. in L884, Mr. Gilbert was « loved partner of his lift daughters. On August G, I shire ; many branches planted in this country issued from this stock. The name is of Saxon origin, and means a bright or hra\ e pledge. In 1060, Gilbert de Gaunt came in with William the Conqueror. In 1115 a Gilbert who joined the Crusades was father of Thomas a Becket. In I 2 1 •"> one is treasurer of Lincoln Cathedral; 1240, arch- deacon of Stow ; 1414, bishop of L Ion. In 1475, an 1 Mho Gilbert is high sheriff of Devonshire. Sir Humphrey ( lilhert, " that high-spirited and skillful mathematician and hydrographer," was horn in 1539. Mi- early youth was devoted to liberal studies, which, with his brothers, — Sir .lohu, Sir Adricn and Sir Walter, — they pursued under one roof with the en- thusiasm of great minds; they became valiant and well experienced in nautical affairs, and to the lirothcrs Humphrey and Raleigh is ascribed the honor of laying the foundation of the trade and naval power of Great Britain. In 1570, Sir Hum- phrey proposed to Queen Elizabeth a plan for a. university in the metropolis. Letters patent were granted him June 1 1, 1578, " to take possession of all re te and tortuous lands for himself and his heirs for- ever." 1 1 is first voyage was unsuccessful ; but. Ii\ e years later he discovers and lays claims to (he Newfound- land fisheries, and- while coasting along the country his vessel, — the " Squirrel," — wentdownin a violent storm, September 9, 1583. He was last seen sitting in the stem with an open book in his hand, and his last, words were, " Wean- as near heaven by sea as by land." His son, Raleigh Gilbert, of Compton Castle, had a -on Humphrey, who, inl620, was five years old. That this is our ancestor i- most plausible from the fact thai a Humphrey Gilbert was in Ipswich, Vlass., in llidS, and in 1650 bought one hundred acres near the hounds of Wenhani ; that his age, as shown by a deposition of his on file, agrees with that of Sir Humphrey's grandson ; and that the name 1 1 iiiuphrcy is in no other family of (iilberts either in England or in this country. His will was made in 1657-58. By his wife, Elizabeth Kil ham, daughter of Daniel Kil- ham, he had one son, .lohu, and three daughters. The descent from this son is as follows: 1. John ( rilbert, married Martha 1 todge ; settled in ( Uoucester in 1704 ; had two sons, William and Jona- than; the filter died al 1800, aged eighty-six ; a son of Jonathan died in 1836, also eighty-six. Three of his son- were representatives. li. Daniel, married Elizabeth I'orter ; settled in Marblehead, Mass. ::. Benjamin, married Estha Perkins; settled in Brookfield, Ma--. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1. Joseph, married \\-{) Mary Cogswell. (2d) Fliz abeth Whipple ; settled in Littleton, Mass., in 1748. His will was probated April 1,1763. The children ..t' Joseph by his wives Mar) and Elizabeth were, - I John, married Sarah Cummings. 2. Samuel, captain in Colonel Prescott's Seventh Regiment. 3. Mary. 1. Elizabeth, married Aaron Stratton. ... Daniel. ii. Joseph, born 1751, died 1777; first lieutenant in Captain Gilbert's company; married Sarah Rob- bins, burn L751; died in Hillsborough, N. H., No- ve i 25, L828. 7. Abigail Haynes. The children of Joseph by his wife Sarah were, — 1. John, born in Littleton, Mass., August 21. 177"; : died in Hillsborough, N. H., March 30, L857; mar- ried Susan Pollard (daughter of Benjamin Pollard), born in Billerica, Mass., October 8, L773 ; died in Hills- borough, X. H., February M, 1850. 2. Pattee Gilbert, born September 27. 1770; mar- ried (1st), January 15, 1801, to Joseph Harwood, (2d) December 16, 1819, to William Willard ; died March 9, I860. Children — 1. Mary Wilder Harwood, bum December 4, 1802; married, January 17. 1828, Steadman Willard ; died December 26, 1877. 2. Joseph Gilbert Harwood, born July 27, 1804; married Fletcher, of Westford; settled in Cali- fornia ; had live children. 3. John Alfred Harwood, born March 27, 1807; died August 13, L810. I. Nancj Elvira Harwood, born March 17, 1810; died July 16, 1810. children of Mary Harwood Willard,— 1. Alma Harwood Willard, born August 28, 1828; married George Kendall, June 23. 1864. 2. Mary Almeda Willard. born May 11, L831 ; died October 25, 1855. 3. Stedmau Alfred Willard. born February 21, 1834; married Annette Putnam, January 29, 1865". 4. LydiaS. Willard. born December 15, 1837 ; mar- ried William G. Barrows, May L5, 1862. The children of John Gilbert and Susan Pollard, all bom in Hillsborough, — 1. Joseph, born January 10, 1799; died Septembei 27,1836; married Alvira Moore, of Marlborough, Mass., bom 1800, died March 11, 1872. 2. Benjamin, born duly 7, 1801 ; died in California 1 (ecember, 1852 ; not married. 3. John, born August 6, 1804; married, October 1. L833, Mrs. Ann Burrows Attwill, born in Wood- bridge, England, June 10, L802, died in Boston, July born Septembe bom Mav 31, 1-17 Ma 8, 185 , 1884. I, Sane Dutton, is i lied Dec- 25, H44. 5. Sarah Tarbell, born 1816; died November 2, 1848. The children of Joseph Gilbertand Alvira Moon,— I. Almira, born February, 1828; died August 8, 1833. II. Susan Page, born January 20, 1830; married Rodney S. Latin, October 11,1846; died June 7, 1852. < Children, — 1. Willis Gilbert Lakin, 2. Clara Frances Lakin, September 7, 1851. 3. John Clark Lakin, b< III. John ('lark, bom November 2, l.s:i2 ; married (1st), August 23, 1855, Abby .lane K.ay, born Janu- ary 1. 1832, died Januarj 3, 1861 ; married (2.1). Sep- tember 1, INIIl, Lizzie Lake 1\ cay, burn August 15, 1834. Children — 1. Susan Aliee, born January 16, 1858. 2. John Clark, born November 5, I860; died dune 8, 1861. 3. Mary Abby, born dune 27. 1862. 4. James Porter, born January 21. 1867. •".. Carrie Louise, born August 23, 1870. 6. Bessie, born duly 29, 1872. IN'. Hammond Barnes (lilbert, born September, 1834; married, in Colorado, October 28, 1869, Julia Etta Beverley, born in Paris, 111., daughter of John Randolph Beverley, a descendant of the Beverl'eys and Randolphs of Roanoke, Va. Children, — 1. Joseph Beverley (filbert, born August 2, 1870. 2. Mary Florence Gilbert, born Augusl 21. 1873; died February 25, 1877. 3. Clifford Hammond Gilbert, horn May 9, 1875. 4. Julia Gertrude Gilbert, horn April 27, 1878; died February 27,1880. The children of John Gilbert and Ann Attwill,— I. Elizabeth Burrows Gilbert, born in Boston, July 28, 1831 : married, September 4, 1860, Henry Frost, bom in Granby, Canada, May 18, 1832, son of Washington Frost and Samantha Laurence. Chil dren. — 1. Henrj Gilbert Frost, born December 7, 1864. 2. William Lawrence Frost, bom April 5, 1868. II. Ellen l.izette Gilbert, born in Cambridge, Mass., March 21,1845; married, June 9, 1869, Moses Field Fouler, bom in Yorktown, N. Y.. October 2, 1819. His lather was Henry Fowler, born dune Is, L785, died May 12, 1859; and his mother was Phebe Field, bom January 16, 1784, died November 10, 1862. Scarcely had the above record of Mr. Gilbert's life, written according to his suggestions, gone to press when he was called to enter his eternal home. The summons was a welcome one. bis last words being," I am all ready. 1 long to go." Thus the faith in an atoning Saviour, which throughout life had been his comfort and support, brightened his last hours. In peace with his < Jod and all men he closed his eyes upon worldly -ecu.-. May 25, 1885, HISTORY OF MOLLIS. (II A PTEB I. ble— Original Bo\ Settlements— The Pioneers The town of Eolli the .■.unity, and is bounded us follows: On the north by Milford, Amherst and Nashua; east by Nashua; south by Massachusetts, west by Brookline and Milford. Nearly all the territory embraced within the bounds of the present town of Hollis originally comprised a portion of the old town of Dunstable, which was gri id by Massachusetts October 16, 1673 (O. S.), and embraced the present town of Tyngsborough, the east part of Dunstable, a narrow gore on the east side of Pepperell and a tract in the northeast part of Townsend, Mas-., and the towns of Litchfield, Hud- son, portions of Londonderry, Pelhamand nearly all the present towns of Nashua and Bollis and parts of Amherst, Milford and Brookline, in New Hampshire. December 28, 1739, the westerly portion of Dun- stable was " erected into n separate and distinct pre- cinct " by the government of Massachusetts, and went by the name of West Dunstable until April 3, 1746, when, in answer to a petition from the inhabitants, about one-half of it was incorporated with full town privileges by the Governor and Council of the'prov- inceof New Hampshire, and named Holies.' I " I think there can be no reasonable doubt about the origin oror- ography "i this name. Benning Wentworth was Governor of the ovince, autl owed hie position to Thomas Pelham Holies, Duke of New utle, who wascoloni.il M-i'i'i'iiii'v It is well known thai Govei riiluoilli ii. i 1 man. of tin- towns in this Stair in honor ol his hail jn tilioiio.l to !.•■ in- oipo- December 13, 1763, the place called One-Pine Hill was annexed to Hollis, thus extending its domains farther east. March 30, 1769, a strip was taken from the west si.le of the town one ami a quarter miles wide, ami, with "mile slip," incorporated into the town of Etaby (Brookline). A small addition was made to the town. May 14, 177::, of land taken from Dunstable. On the 17th of February, 1786, a strip, three-quar- ters of a mile wi.le, the entire length of the wesl side of the town, was annexed to Raby. Under the laws of the province of Massachusetts (says Judge Worcester) in for, eat the lime, the twenty- six petitioners for the charter of Dunstable, "with such as might joyn with them in the settlement," be- came owners in fee simple, as tenants in common, of all the ungranted land within the boundaries ol' the township. In the year 1682, shortly after the close of Kino Philip's War. a meeting of these proprietors was held, who forme. 1 themselves into an association for the purpose of settling their several rights, of making .livishms of their lands from time to time anions themselves in the modes and proportions mutually agreed upon, ami also for the making of sales ami setting off the lands disposed of to pur- chasers ami actual settlers. The meetings of these original proprietors, ami of those who succeeded to their estates, afterwards con- tinued to he held (sometimes at intervals of many niln.' of Hollis Farmer, in Ii spelt til,' prison Ml W'llllSr hollo! tllr toWll WUS . 'Gazetteei >■■ New Hampshire, 1 spriis a with an I . and tells us thai the name was either derived from the Duke ,1 Sew i asfle, whose family name was Mollis, or from Thomas Hollis, a listinguiahed benefaetoi of Harvi lollege, Mr. Farmei spelling inn, i v » I trl\ its dti/.rns were lo-litl. .1 III , hali-l Ir^ it P did to perp. tuate th, m i ol Thomas Hollis , liege / " H i ,«d I u referring to this matter, Judge Worcester says: "Within my re- membrance, there lias been much controversy upon the question in that oi the person foi whom the town was railed. In the original , i,l ,,i the town i barter, now at , oncord, ami in the copy ,,l tin- char- trr oil tlir llolli- irrol'l, tllr ,,; is sprH /M/r, | I] tie p.w, ,< j- to, thr twrnt.-Ilvr vrats air I I '■■ hrlmr fir' War of the Revolution the a., m, ITS I I oil- of t *. ami. so tar as I have seen, ,- mot lv spelt Holies, as in the charter, and ,- so spelt in the New Hampshire Laws published as late as ixl;,." |::r, IIISTOUY nF llll.LSIIOKorcil COI NTT. NKW II A M LSI 1 1 1! K. years) i"i more than a century, the last of them as lair as L816. The doings of this association, includ- ing the partitions and sales of land made by the pro- prietors, were carefully recorded in books kepi by them for the purpose, mm worn ami mutilated, but still to he found in the office "f the city clerk of .Nashua. Before the year 1729 most of the land of these pro- son ami Litchfield.N. II.. ami Tyngsborough ami Dunstable, Mass., had changed ownership, and much of it was then in the occupation of actual settlers. Previous to that year no record of any sale or grant, to any one of the early settlers of Hollis, of land in that town i- lo be found in the hooks kept by these proprietors. Hut in the month of January, L729-30 (0. S.), as is shown by these records, the modest quantity of thirty-seven and one-half acres was set oil' by tin' proprietors to Peter Towers, in the right of John Usher. lie survej of it was made by Colonel Joseph I'.lam hanl, an honored citizen of Dunstable, ami a noted surveyor of the time, and was set ott' to Powers by Henry Farwell, Joseph French and Wil- liam Lund, as a committee acting for the association. This tract is described in the record as lying in that part of Dunstable called " Nissitissit," which was the Indian name ol Hollis. It was laid out in an oblong one hundred ami twenty rods east and west, ami fift) rods from north to south. Some years afterwards, as is shown by these records of the proprietors, there were set oil 1,, Powers, as purchaser and grantee, in a simi- lar way. sc\ eral other tracts of land in Hollis. amount- ing in all to nearly fourteen hundred acres, among which was one tract of one thousand acres lying be- tween Long and Pennichuck Ponds, but he is the only person among the early settlers of Hollis whose name is found asagrantee upon the booksof that association. Mr. Towers, afterward know n as "Captain Towers," and as a leading and prominent citizen of Hollis, was born at Littleton, Mass., in 17(17. In L728 he was married to Anna Keys, of Chelmsford, and the same yen- removed with his wife to that part of Dunstable now known as Nashua. I luring the summer and fall of L730 he made the first clearing and built the lirst dwelling-house in Hollis. In the month of January, 1731, with his wife and two infant children, he made his way through the then dense, unbroken forest to his new home, and thus became the first permanent settler of the town. The site of this humble dwelling, no doubt built of logs, was about one-half mile north- west ol the present Mollis meeting-house, but a short distance from the house Conner]) owned by Thomas Cumings, afterwards by his son-in-law, Mr. John S. Heywood, now deceased, where vestiges of the old cellar, as is said, may be still seen. For nearly two years this family had no neighbor within about ten miles of them. < in the 9th of March, L732, their eldest daughter, Anna Powers, was born, who was the first child of Knglish descent horn in the town. In the summer of 17">1 I'.leazer Flagg, from Con- cord, Mass., settled in the soul h west part of I he tow n. on or near the [dace afterwards owned by his grand- son, Captain Reuben Flagg, and now by Tiuiothj I'. Flagg, Esq., about two miles from Mr. Powers. The house of Mr. Flagg is said to have been fortified against the attacks of the Indians, and was Used as a garrison-house. Mr. Flagg was the second settler. The third family is said to have been thai of Thomas Diusmore, from Bedford, Mas-. In the year 1736 the families. The whole of the township of Dunstable, from the dale of the charier till the new province line was settled, in the spring of 1711. was believed to be in the county of Middlesex, Mass., and a part of it. The office Of the register of deeds for that county was and still is at Cambridge, where, by the province law of the time, the deeds of all real estate within the county were to be recorded. Hut uo records ol deeds of land in Hollis, to persons known lo have been early in- habitants of the town, are to he found in that office of a date prior to 1731. Subsequent, however, to 1731, and before the spring of 17-11, it is shown h\ these records that between those dales a verj considerable number of deeds of land, now in Hollis. wen- made to the early settlers of the town Many of these deeds, in addition to their date, a description of the land sold and the name of the grantee, give also his occupation and place of former residence. Among these deeds of land in Hollis, made before 1741. arc to he found the following names of the early settlers of the town as grantees, viz.: Thomas Dinsmore, weaver; David Xevins, carpenter, and widow, Margaret Nc\ ins, all of Bedford, Mass. ; William Nevins, of Newton, Mass., husbandman; Jonathan Dan forth and Joseph Farley, of Billerica ; Eleazar Flagg and Jonathan Melvin, of Concord; Enoch Hunt and .lames McDonald, of Groton; Stephen Hani-, of Littleton; and Samuel Cumings, of • iroton. Dunstable, as originally chartered, as we have seen, was bounded on the south, in part, by the north line of Groton. As chart, red in 1655, Groton lay on each side of the Nashua River, its northeasterly corner being about two miles east of that river, at a place then and still known as Buck Meadow, now ill the tow n of Nashua, about one-half mile from the south line of that town. The original northwest cornel of i Iroton was in the line between the townsof Pepperell ami Townsend, Mass.. about one mile south of the present south line of New Hampshire. This corner is still marked by a stone monument. This, old north line of < iroton crossed the Nashua River and the present State line at a point very near the Hollis depot, on the Worcester and Nashua Railroad. The following notice of early settler- is taken from lion. Samuel T. Worcester'- excellent " Historj of Hollis:" MOLLIS C;i[it:iin I'.eiijamin Abbot was from Andover, Mass. His name was on the Hollis tax-lists in 1750. In 1755 lie was lieutenant in Captain Powers' company, Colonel Blanchard's regiment, in the expedition to ( 'row 11 Point, and was again in the army in 177,7. He was selectman in 1752, 1753 and 1754. His son Ben- jamin was a soldier in the Revolution. Died Januarj 5, 1776, set. Ibrty-six. William Adams was in West Dunstable in 1788, and signed the petition for the charter of West Dunstable. Married Mary Spears, .May 29, 17 11. Was a town officer in 1746. His son William was a soldier at Bunker Hill and Bennington, hied August 3, 1757, n't. thirty-nine. Ensign Stephen Ames came from Groton, Mass. Married .lane Robbins, in Groton, ill 1731. Was in West Dunstable in 1739, selectman in 1717 and 17 Is. and was a soldier in the French War in 1757. Repre- sentative to the New Hampshire General Court in 1775, 1776 and 1777. His sons Jonathan and David were soldiers in the Revolution. Ebenezer Ball came from Concord, Mass. His name was on the Mollis lax-list in 171'.', and he was a soldier in the French War in 1755. in the company of Captain Towers. His sons Ebenezer, Nathaniel, William and John were soldiers in the Revolution. Daniel Bailcj was from Marlborough, Mass. Set- tled in the part of Hollis known as Monson about the year 1754. Himself and three id' his sons— viz. : Joel, Andrew and Daniel, Jr. — were Revolutionary soldiers. Hied January I"., 1798, set. sixty-nine. Henry Barton was in West Dunstable in 1738 and signed the petition for the (hatter. Was parish as- sessor in 17-11 and collector in 174:;. Died April 20, 1760, set. fifty-four. Benjamin Blanchard is supposed to havecome from Dunstable, N. II. He was in West Dunstable in 17 1-':. and signed the call to Rev. Mr. Emerson. Mar- ried Kezia Hastings, December 31, 1744. Was tith- ingman in 1747, and selectman in 177.il and 177,4. Elnathan Blood, supposed from Groton, Mass. His name is on the first tax-list for West Dunstable, in 174(1. Married Elizabeth Boynton,in Groton, in 1741. He was a soldier in the French War in 1757, and se- lectman in 177.">. Josiah 111 1 was from Dracut, Mass. Was in West Dunstable in 1738, and signed the petition for the charter. Was a soldier in the Revolution, as was also his son, Josiah, Jr., and is supposed to have died at 'I'ii- leroga in September, 177(1. Nathaniel 1'dood, supposed from Groton, Mass. He was iii West Dunstable in l":;*, and signed the peti- tion for the charter, and was a soldier in the French War in 1758. Five of his sons — viz., Nathaniel, Fran- cis, Daniel, Timothy and Nathan — were soldiers in the Revolution, the last named of whom was killed at Bunker Hill. Deacon John Boynton, supposed from Newbury Mass. Was in West Dunstable in L743 ; parish clerk in 1744. Married Ruth J Chosen deacon in 1755, a and 1762, etc. His sons .1 in the Revolution, the la acobi in 1745. 758, 1761 • soldiers killed al Bunker Hill, Died October 29, 1787, set. sixtj seven John Boynton, Jr., supposed also from Newbury. He was in West Dunstable in 1745. Married Lydia Jewett, of Rowley, in May, 1745. Hissons, Isaac and Joel, were Revolutionary soldiers. Joshua Boynton was in West Duustable in 1745, and a town officer in 1717. Three of his sons — viz., Joshua, Jr., Benjamin and Elia.s — were soldiers in the Revolution. Ensign Josiah Brown came from Salem, Mass., and was in West Dunstable in 174:;, and a town officer in 1747 and 1748. He was an ensign in the French War in 1758. Removed to Plymouth, N.H., in 17(i4. John Brown was also from Salem, and was in West Dunstable in 1743, and signed the call to Rev. Mr. Emerson. Married Kezia Wheeler, October 9, 1744. Died May 6, 1776. Ephraim Burge was from Chelmsford, Mass. Settled inHollis about 1760. Was a soldier in Cap- lain Emerson's company iii 1777. His oldest son 9 Ephraim I!., Jr., was for many years a deacon of the Hollis Church, and his sons, Rev. Josiah B. and Dr. Benjamin B. were graduates of Harvard College. Died July 21, 1784, set. forty-six. Josiah Conant was from Salem, Mass. Came lo West Dunstable in 1744. Married Catharine Emer- son, February, 1747,. His two sons, Josiah, Jr., and Abel, were soldiers in the Revolution, and Loth dea- cons of the Mollis Church. Died December 14, 1756, set. forty-four. Lieutenant Robert Colburn came from Billerica, Mass., was in West Dunstable in 1738, and signed the petition for the charter. Married Elizabeth Smithin 1747. Settledin the part of Hollis known as Monson. His sons, Robert, Benjamin and Nathan, were Revo- lutionary soldiers. Died July 9, 1783, set. sixty-six. Samuel Cuniings, Ksip, was born in Groton, Mass., March (',, 1709; married Prudence Lawrence, of Gro- ton, July 18, 1732. Was in West Duustable in.1739, and signed the second petition for the charter. He was the first justice of the peace ill Hollis, and was chosen town clerk in twenty-two different years be- tween 174(1 and 177(1. He was sergeant in Captain Powers' company in the French War in 1 7-*>- ►. Two of his sons, Samuel and Thomas, were Loyalists in the Revolution, and Benjamin, his youngest son, was a Continental soldier. Died January 18, 1772, set. sixty- two. Jerahmael Cumings was a brother of Samuel Cuni- ings, and horn in Groton October 10, 1711. Mar- ried Hannah Farwell in 17:;b; was in West Dun- stable in 1738, and signed the first petition for the charter. He was the father of Rev. Henry Cum- ings, D.D., the first minister of Billerica, and of Captain Jotham Cuniings. a soldier in the French HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW BAMPSHIRE War of 1755 and an officer in the War of the Revo- lution. Died October 25, 1747, set. thirty-six. Deacon William Cumings is supposed to have come from Groton, and was in West Dunstable in 1744, and chosen deacon of the Mollis Church in 174.\ He was ensign in the French War in 1755, in the company of Captain Powers, and all his three sons Ebenezer, William and Philip — were soldiers in the Revolution. Died September 9, L758, set. forty-six. Jonathan Danforth came from Billerica, and was in West Dunstable in 174::, and signed the call to Rev. Mr. Emerson. He was a grandson of the noted Massachusetts sui veyor of the same name, and was a town officer in 1746. Died March 3, 1748, sat. thirty- three. Thomas Dinsmore came from Bedford, Mass. ; was in West Dunstable previous to 1736, and was the third settler. Died December 10, 1748. Zedekiah Drury was also from Bedford, and by trade a blacksmith ; was in West Dunstable in 1743, and signed the call to Mr. Emerson. About the year 17iio he removed to Temple, N . II. Lieutenant Samuel Farley came from Bedford, .Mass.; was in West Dunstable in 1739, and was a pe- titioner for the charter. Married Hannah Brown, October 7, 1744. His son Benjamin was a Boldier in th,- Revolution. Died November23, L797, set.seventy- Lieutenanl Benjamin Farlej was also from Bed- ford. Was in West Dunstable in L738, and was a pe- titioner for the charter, and was the first inn-keeper in West Dunstable. He lived first on the farm oc- cupied by T. < >. Worcester, about one-fourth of a mile south of the meeting-house. He was parish as- sessor in 1740 and 1741, and selectman in 1746. Three of his sons — Ebenezer, Christopher and Stephen- were Revolutionary soldiers. Died November 23, 1707, in his eightieth year. Joseph Farley came from Billerica, and was in West Dunstable in 174:;. Killed by the fall of a tier. November 24, 1762, at. forty-nine Eleazer Flagg came from Concord, .Mass., and was the second settler in West Dunstable. He lived in the southwest part of the town, and during the French War id' 1744 his house was fortified as a guard-house. He was parish assessor in 1742. His son John was a soldier in the French War, 1755, and his son Jonas in that of the Revolution. Died August 14, 1757, set. fifty-three. Phineas Hardy came to Mollis from Bradford, Mass. His name is first on the Hollis tax-lists in I7-~>2. He was a soldier in the garrison at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1776, and his sons — Phineas, Thomas. Noah and Jesse — were all soldiers in the army. Died March 7, L813, at. eighty-six. Stephen Harris was from Littleton, Mass., and settled in what is now the north part of Hollis about 1735. He was a petitioner lor the charter of West Dunstable in 1738, and first treasurer of West Dun- stable in 1740. Died September 20, 177o, at. seventy- five. Deacon Stephen Jewett is supposed to have come from Rowley, Mass., in 1751, and married Hannah ( Farwell) < lumings, widow of Ensign Jerahmael < um- ings, in 1752. He was chosen selectman in L766, deacon of the Hollis Church in 1770, and a delegate to the C ity Congress at Amherst in 1774 and 177o. All of his three sons— Stephen, Jr., Noah and Jonathan — were soldiers in the Revolution. Died May 2:i. Iso:;. set. seventy-five. Zerubbabel Kemp was horn in Groton, Mass., Oc- tober 12, 1705. Married Abigail Lawrence, in Groton, November 2:i. 17::7. Was in West Dunstable in 174:;, and a town officer in 174s. .lames McDonald also came from Groton and was in West Dunstable in L739,and a signer ofthesecond petition for the charter. He was a town officer in 1 7 4 s : i 1 1 1 1 a soldier in 1777, in the company of Cap- tain Cos.-. Died April 11, 1801, set. eighty-three. William Nevins cane from Newton, Mass., and his name appears in the lirst tax-list in West Dunstable in 1740. He was selectman in 1771 and 1772. and moderator in 177.'! and 1774. Five of his sons \i/., William. Joseph, Benjamin, John and Phineas — were Revolutionary soldiers. Died February 1">. 1785, set. sixty-seven. David Nevins was from Bedford, Mass., and was in West Dunstable in L738 and signed the lirst petition for the charter. He was parish collector in 1741. Removed from Hollis to Plymouth among the first sen lers of Plymouth. Deacon Enoch Noyes came from Newbury, Mass. His name first appeared on the Hollis tax-lists in 1747. He was selectman in 1751, and chosen deacon in L755. His two sons, Enoch and Elijah, were soldiers in the Revolution. Died September, L796, set. eighty. Deaeon Thomas Patch was iron, Groton. .Married \nna Gilson in 1741, in Groton. He was in West Dunstable in 1743, and was chosen deacon in 1745. His sons, Thomas ami David, were soldiers in the Revolution. Died May 1. 1754, at. forty. William Pool was from Heading, Mass. Married Hannah Nichols, at Reading, June 19, 1751, and came to Hollis during the French War of 17o4, his name being first found on the Hollis tax-lists in 1758. He was selectman in 1771. Died in Hollis, October 27, 1795, set. seventy. His oldest SOU, William W., was a soldier in the Revolution in 177o, and again in 1778. James, the second son, settled in Maine, and became a successful merchant. His youngest son, Hon. Benjamin Pool, born January 17, 1771, settled in Hollis, and was many times chosen to important town offices. He was justice of the peace from 1810 to 1822, and justice of the peace and quorum from 1822 till his decease. He was also representative to the New Hampshire General Court from 1804 to HOLLIS. 1809, and Stale Senator in the years L818, L819, 1820 and 1821. Beside these three suns, Mr. Pool had eleven daughters, ten of whom lived to adult age, and were all married, and most of them became the ilies. He died April 20, 1836, niutln la !';_;<■ ixtv-th Captain Peter Powers was the first settler in Hollis. Was born in Littleton, Mass.. and married Anna Keyes, of Chelmsford, in 1728. Settled in West Dunstable in 1730. He was parish committee in 174H, and held many other important parish and town offices. He was the first captain of the West Dunstable militia, the commander of an expedition to explore the Coos country in 1754, and captain of the Hollis company in the expedition to Crown Point in L755. Stephen, Whitcomb and Levi, three of his sons, were soldiers in the French War in the same company; and four of them — viz., Stephen, Francis, Nahum and Samson -were soldiers in the Revolution. Died August 22, L757, set. fifty-six. Moses Proctor came from Chelmsford, Mass. Was in Wesl Dunstable in L738, and signed the first peti- tion for the charter. He settled in the wesl pari of the town, on Proctor Hill, which was named for him. His name is found on the firsl Wesl Dunstable tax- list in 174H, ami lie was selectman in 1740. The life of Mr. Proctor is said to have been shortened by the bite ol'a rattlesnake, and he afterwards waged SO suc- cessful a war of extermination againsl those reptiles that no rattlesnakes have been known in Hollis since his death. Hied May 21, L780, at. seveiit.y-th.ee. Abraham Taylor was born in Concord, Mass., and came to West Dunstable previously to L738, and was agenl of the inhabitants with Captain Powers in ob- taining the charter. In 174n he gave the land for the Hollis meeting-house, burial-ground and com- mon. He was parish assessor in 1740, 1741, 1742 and 174:;. Died June 3, 174.'!, Est. thirty-six. William Tenny came to Hollis from Rowley, Mass. His name appears first on the Hollis tax-lists in 1747. He was selectman in 1769 and 1770. His son, Cap- tain William Tenny, was a soldier in the Revolution. Died March 22. 1783, set. sixty-one. Peter Wheeler is said to have come from Salem, Mass., and settled in the part of Hollis known as Monson. He was a petitioner for the charter of West Dunstable in 1738, and his name was on the first West Dunstable tax-list in 1740. lie is said to have been noted in his day for his exploits and success in hunting, especially of bears. He was a soldier in the French War in L755, and his sons, Ebenezer and Lebbeus, were soldiers in the Revolution. Died March 28, 1772, set. sixty-seven. John Willoughby came from Billerica. He was in West Dunstable in 1745, and was a soldier in the French War in the years 1755, 1757 and 1758. His son, John W., Jr., was a captain in the War of the Revolution in the regiment of Colonel Webster. Di.d February 2, 1793, set. eighty-five. Rev. Francis Worcester was horn in Bradlord, Mass., June 7. 1698. Married Abigail Carleton, of Rowley, in 1727. His younges! son was Captain Noah Worcester. Died (»d,, her I 1, 1783, set. eighty-five. Deacon Francis Worcester was the oldesl -on of Rev. Francis Worcester. I'.orn at Bradford March 30, 1721. Married Hannah Boynton, of Newbury, Ma>s., October 28, 1741. Came to West Dunstable in 1744. Was chosen deacon of the Hollis Church in 17 hi. He was selectman in Hollis six years, mod erator of the annual town-meeting eleven years, and town treasurer twenty years, between 1746 and 1768. In L768 he removed to Plymouth, N. II.. and was deac f the church ai l'l\ inoiiih ; representative to New Hampshire General Court in 1777 and 177*. and te Cm 10, li Captain Joshua Wright came from Wol. urn, Mass. ; was in West Dunstable in 1739, and signed the second petition for the charter. He was selectman in 1710 and 1700; a soldier in the French War in 1760, and captain of the Hollis militia C pany in I77u and previously. His sons, Lemuel ami Uriah, were -"I diers in the Revolution. Died August 5, 1770, at. sixty. At the date of the charter (says Judge Worcester) the nidc, primitive dwellings of the settlers who had petitioned for it, with their stump-covered embryo farms, were widely and sparsely scattered in era large pait of the new parish. Robert and William I 'olhiirn. David, Thomas and William Nevins, Stephen Harris and Philip Woolerich had located on the south side of the extinct town of Monson, now the north part part of Hollis; Samuel Farley, James, Joseph and Randall McDaniels, Melvin and Whitcomb, in the easterly part of Brookline, formerly the west part of Hollis. The house of Abraham Taylor was about sixtj rods north of the present meeting house in Hollis; that of Samuel Cumings about thirty rods west of the meeting-house ; thai of Benjamin Farley, the inn-keeper, on the road leading to the south ol the meeting-house ; Jerahmael Cumings lived on the same road with Farley, about one-half mile farther south; Josiah Blood, also on the same road, about line fourths of a mile from Cumings; Joshua Wright about one-half mile east of I'd 1; William Blanchard in ili, ca-t part ot the town, near Flint's Hill; William HISTORY OF IIILLSBOKOWiill COIM'Y. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Shattuck still farther east, near the old east school- house. The farm of Peter Wheeler was in the northwest part of the town, about westerly limn Long Pond; Moses Proctor settled in the west part, on Proctor Hill; Henry Barton in the westerly part. The house of William Adams is said to have been upon the site of the present southwest school-house, about two and a half miles from the meeting-house. Samuel Parker lived in the same neighborhood ; James Whiting on the road to Brook line, near Whiting's Hill; Nathaniel HI 1 in the same part of the town ; and Enoch Hunt in the extreme south part, next to lYpperell. Thus it may lie seen that the settlers in the extreme north part of the settlement were from six to seven miles distant from those in the south part, and those living at the extreme east and west parts were even mori remote from each other. Many of the ancestors of the early settlers were of I iernian origin, who afterwards became Northmen or Normans, and fought their way into Britain very early in its history. They were a brave and resolute race, inured to danger and hardships; their descend- ants were peculiarly fitted to become the pioneers of New England, and many of them settled in Massa- chusetts some time between the years 1630 and 1650. One of the causes which promoted the early settlement in the region west of the Merrimack River was the fierce controversy that raged between New- Hampshire and Massachusetts in regard to the State line boundary question, that engaged the attention of these States from 1731 to 1741. Both States were using their utmost endeavors to obtain jurisdiction over as many towns as possible; consequently, they en- couraged emigration in every possible way. The people were told the land would be given them, and by this means they were induced to favor emigra- tion. It is at this period that we arc to look for the settlement at the north part of Hollis, and this was the cause that led to it. One of its first settlers was Samuel Lee man, of Heading, Mass., who came here in the spring of 1736, and settled at the William Kittredge place, so called, and was then forty-four years of age, having been born at Reading in 1692. I le became a prominent and influential citizen. It ap- pears from the old Monson records that he was one of the petitioners for the town charter, and was chosen third selectman at the annual town-meeting of March Ml. 174s, and again in March, 1749; removed to Hollis in the spring of 1750, where he died Jan- uary ^7, 1756. There is an interesting history in con- nection with the l.ccman family, -it is Stated thai for leu 'jcneral ions succeeding, the eldest son was named Samuel. The fourth Samuel Leeman resided at Beadle, England, from which place he emigrated to Charles- town, Mass., in 1633. His son, Samuel (and grand- father of the subject of this sketch), settled in < Sroton, Mass., shortly after its settlement, and was compelled to leave there in consequence of the Indian invasion of March 13, 1676. He returned to Charlestown, where he enlisted for King Philip's War, serving as private in Captain Samuel Mosely's company dur- ing the war. Mosch was afterwards employed by the Colonial Court of Massachusetts to guard and protect the settlers in Dunstable and vicinity from Indian invasion. The tenth Samuel Lccman was born in Monson August 7, 1749, at the William Kittredge place. Upon the breaking out of the Revolutionary War he enlisted into ( lap tain How's company, and marched with thai company from Hollis common, on the afternoon ol April 19, 1775, for Concord and Lexington. He was at the battle of Hunker Hill, in Captain Levi Spald- ing's company, Colonel .lames Reid's regiment, and afterwards enlisted into Captain Isaac- Fry's company, of Wilton, as ensign, under the command of < lolonel Alexander Scaminel, and was present with his reg- iment at the battle near Saratoga, where he was killed ( letober 10, 1777, aged twenl\ -eight years ; he was un- married. Another of the early settlers was William Col burn, who came from Billerica, Mass., in the spring of 1738, bringing his family and entire effects in an ox- cart, plodding their way through the Dunstable wilder- ness, guided only by marked trees, lie settled at Patch's « lorner, about one hundred rods north of the Silas S. Wheeler place, near the road leading to the North District school-house. The old cellar hole is still to be seen. He was the ancestor of nearly all the Colburns in Hollis, ami was then forty-eight years of age. His log hut was occupied a portion of the time in the spring and summer of 1747 by an Indian scout- ing-party, who were sent by the General Court of New Hampshire on petition of the inhabitants id' Am- herst and Monson, to guard them against Indian inva- sion; but no Indians appeared during that season to molest the settlers. .Mr. Colburn died April .", 1769, aged seventy-nine, leaving two sons, Robert and William. Robert was lieutenant in the militia, and built what has been known for a period of over a hundred years astheoldThaddcus Wheeler house about the year 1776. Mr. Colburn was a large land-owner, owning lion, the cast line of the Thaddeus Wheeler place to the top of Birch Hill. He first married Elizabeth Lee- man. daughter of Samuel Leeman, March 1', 1745; she died, and he married Elizabeth Smith, daughter of Elias Smith. By her he acquired a large landed estate that she inherited from her father. He died July 9, 1784, leaving a large family. This portion of Hollis was then included within the boundaries of the ancient township of Monson, a town which had a corporate existence of twenty- four years, lying between Hollis and the Souhcgan River, in Amherst; but before 17lt', it was known as West Dunstable, or Dunstable West Parish. The northwest (or Birch Hill) portion of what is now Hollis was surveyed oil, in parallel lines, into HOLLIS. lots of eighty rods wide and two miles long, thesouth- nrsi corner being iu Rocky Pond, and running north iver the top of Birch Hill, the first lot being granted to one Wadsworth, who had fought in the Narragan- M't War; the next lot easl was granted to Humphrey Hobson, whose father, it was said, served in King Philip's War; the third lot was granted to one Clark ; the next to Joseph Lemmon,one of the original pro- prietors of Dunstable, these grants covering an area offive hundred and fifty rods wide and two miles long, embracing all of the northwestern section of Hollis The first settler within the territory above de- the south end of the Lemmon grain, and commenced a clearing, built his log hut and erected a saw-mill about this time, which is supposed to be the first one in town. The dam is still to be seen a few rods northeast of the dwelling-house of Daniel Bailey, apparently as g 1 as when first used tor a mill now over one hundred years old. Mr. Saunders reared a family of four children here, the births of whom are found recorded in the old Mon- ln the spring of 1747, fearin he became alarmed for his ]i with his family, and returned dition says that he thought he the woods lor several days befi bent on the destruction of i ow ner, ami quite a number o in Indian invasion, onal safety, and left Marlborough. Tra- w Indians lurking in he left ; they seemed rv saw-mill and its nills were destroyed about this time in various sections of the State. Their motive for doing this, as Dr. Belknap says, "was to retard the settlements, and prevent the clearing off' their hunting-grounds." Mr. Saunders sold his property here, after a few years, to Daniel ISailey, of Marlborough, who moved his family in the spring id' 1761, and the property has ever since remained in the Bailey family,— a period of one hundred and twenty-five years,— and been transmitted to the fourth Daniel Bailey, its present owner. Daniel Bailey, Sr., served in the old French War, and also in the Revolutionary War, and his son. duel Bailey, was at the battle of Hunker Hill, in Cap- tain Levi Spalding's company and Colonel James Reid's regiment. His son Andrew was at the battle of Bunker Hill, in the company of Captain .Moore, ol Groton; and his sou Aaron was also at the battle of Hunker Hill. His son, Daniel Bailey, born at Marl- borough, Mass., December 5, 1755, was also in the Revolutionary War ; was at the battle of Whit.' Plains, in Captain William Reed's company. After the war he occupied the old homestead, and became an influ- ential citizen ; was captain of State militia, served several years as one of the selectmen of the town, and represented Hollis in the Legislature of 1^1" ; he died in March, 1847, being then over ninety-one years old. Early Rules and Regulations.— Tut: Stocks and Whipping-Post- Ai a town-meeting in June, 1746, " I bted, That the selectmen provide stocks;" and at a town-meeting in the month of January next after, •'Voted, To Accept the Account of Josiah Couant for making the Stocks." flic town whipping-post, the fitting companion of the stocks, held its place near the front of the meeting-house, not far IV the west ory of persons still living, with its inseparable asso- ciate, the "cat-o'-ninetails." The varied practical uses to which the stocks and whipping-post were ap- plied may be readily inferred by reference to a few ol the cotemporary criminal laws lor the punishment ol minor offenses, most of which were within the juris diction of justices of the peace. S f these pun isll nts were as follows : Profane Cursing and Swearing. — "For tin fust offence, a line of one shilling. If not paid, th( culprit to he set in the slocks two hours. For niori than one profane Oath at the same lime, a line two shillings and to be set in the stocks not more thai three hours." Drunkenness.— " For first offence, a fine of fivi shillings; if not able to pay, the convict to he set ii the stocks not more than three hours." Defamation.—" If found guilty, the offender to I, fined twenty shillings. If not paid, the offender to h set in the stocks not more than three hours." Robbing Gardens and Orchards.— " If th prisoner was not able to pay his line, to he set in lb stocks or whipped, at the discretion id' the Justice." Insolence ok Violence ro Women on th Highway. -"For first offence, whipping not exceed itiL r ten stripes. For second offence, to he burnt ii the hand." Petit Larceny.— The offender to forfeit trebl the value of the property stolen, and to be lined in exceeding live pounds, or whipped not more tha twenty stripes. If not paid, the culprit to be sold fo a term of time to he fixed at the discrcti f th court. CHAPTER II. HOLLIS- [Continual Congregational Church. The church iu this town three years after the dale of the charter. Ill the mean time, however, the inhabitants had manifested a very commendable zeal in their efforts to comply with the laws in respect to the support of the ministry. At their first parish -meeting, a com- mittee wa- chosen "to provide Preaching till the following April." In the month of March previous. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Samuel Cuniings and Eleazer Flagg" were commis- ioned "to provide Preaching and Entertainment ii' the minister for the nexl three months." Fn uly, 1741, it was "Voted that Abraham Taylor and 'eter Powers have the non-resident monej foi the urrent year to pay Mr. Underwood and Mr. Towle, . . and p. pro. •inc Preaching till the first of January ext, if the money shall hold out." In September, 7 II. ili.' first article in the warrant for a meeting then eld "was to see whether it be the minds of the 'eople to do anything towards the Bringing forward ie Settling of a Lamed and Orther Dox Ministerin lis Parish." An. I in February, 1742, it was " Voted iai an\ Person who shall hereafter Entertain any ' for this Parish shall have paid to him Eight ibbath .lav and 20 s a Week if he M Shillings foi stay longer." At a parisl was publiclv eeting held in October, 1741, before it own that any pall ofthe town of Old ni the wrong side ofthe province line, [ Sl,|.|n II ll.ll l I-, \ I'l :. ' I'.iVlnl A I'rlrl I'mW.'I- lir |n\ li with Benjamin Park 1 } .ma Samm-I innnm:- in Ink. 1 soi mres I., bring forward tin- si-tilm- <>l ;i l.nnie.l ami Orth At a parish ..nuns pres -meeting IV.- .iil.'.l ami all. inli.r 28, IT wed were t , .. i,. .ai. „ Miruhani Taj Loi . 1.-1 1 nT.-i 1. - Mnu-t.-l- ;.l 111 l.l aiiiing Ministers Five Fast, :< Sabbaths, 2£. Oi The warrant for this meeting was the last in which the words " Middlesex ss." were written in the top margin. It soon became known to them that the parish of West Dunstable was not in the county of Middl. ex thai their charter, as a legal instr mi. was worthless, ami that there was no law bj which the minority of the inhabitants could he bound bj the votes ofa majority. Embarrassed by the decision in respect to the new line ami the loss of their char- ter, our ancestors did not falter in their effort to bring forward ami settle a " Larned ami Orther Dox Minis- ier." With this end ami others in view, the inhabit- ants, as we have said before, met in February, 174:!, ami petitioned the < leneral ( lourt of New Hampshire for a township charter. No other public meeting of the inhabitants was held lill the 17th of January, 17 C'., near a year alter, when they came together by .■.iiiiiic.ii consent, and by mutual agreement in their personal ami individual capacity, invited the Rev. Daniel Emerson, tic candidate of their choice, to be- come their minister. The proceedings of this meet- in- ami of that which next followed cannot tail to In- ol' interest, — Taylor i hosen i I- " \|| .i m.-rlllm ,.1 ill.' [llli:ll'lt;lllt- "I III.' W' regular]; assembled January it, 17*2-43 - I n.-iiinii, -ii-l.i noted an. I. I Mr Daniel B i for their Gospel MinUter a. ink.- the Pastoral a i the Floi I. .>t ' hrist in said Place. bud, I., give Thirtj I ords ..i l'i Brown Zcmbbabel Ki mp n Taylor Peter Wheeler. Innl. Josiah Brown. Shattuck \\ illiam Blanchard Henry Barton. Harris Nathani. 1 Bl 1 Flagg. Elnathan Blood. lia\ i,l Lowell. i,l Cuniinge n .a- Kevins. Cuuiings, I'll as Patch. Natlia 1 BlodgOtl Wrighl Moses Proctor. tewarl John Browu, kmct Hi 1 Kendall. Blood. .Install Blood. in Blani i I William Kevins. h In nr\. Sa 1 Douglass. owcrs. Joseph Mi Daniels ii Danforth 1. M.-llahl.-ls. 1 .Hi. \ J. - Whiting Adams. Joseph Farley. - l-'i.-n. h Making in all fortj The parish committee were prompt in communi- cating the foregoing .all to Mr. Emerson, ami on the 4th ..I' the following March a meeting was called to consider his answer, which was entered upon the record a- follows : ,| a ,,..l.i „, 17. IT): | ;. 1 h.i..- I III. a I lak.-li lli.il llli|>.-H.nil lliatl.i in I- -Hi. in- -I • I -i.li-latn.li ainl lia . ,- a.-k.'l I In- I" -I :nl\nr- .iii.I am ...It.-I Inam 1 -cat -lllli- nil'' - i" l'i'' mil -"in- I" 'In- "'II ii you "ill fulfill youi Promise as i" the £400 .-.-i i !• a in old Tenor, only that tl ne pail ■■! il be in Fort] V reso I I aud, in ." Ma--a> IniM-ll- la-1 I'jnitn.ii— .\J\. 443 pr, tllli; the Tllll I J I '..111- ..1 W 1 — Vll.l tli:it 11 Several Mini- "I - be continued to me so Long ;i- 1 continue a Ghospel Minisb i itbi > - Always .unl in an cspetiul manner expecting that yon will I"- Il'lfl^ with me bj Prayer— -■ Now if these before-mentioned conditions be freely and voluntarilj acted on unl - I tome-aeyon promist in the call -then ) andwillingh Loceptof thi i ill md freely subscribe myBelf yours to serve in the work nf the Ghospel Mmi-tn During Life. "Dunstable West Precinct, March y»4th, 1743 •■ Daniel Emi rson The record continues, — ■ It -a a- 1 1 1. i ru | ii hi Vutei] ami a- 1 <•■■'! t , . |.t tin I run- Ml l.nn i-mi proposed in hisunsw.r, booth a- to settlement and sallarj M Voted thai Samuel Brown, Abraham Taylor, Petei Powi rs. Bleu rFla tnd Samuel Cuming I" i i uniniitii-r hi i oii-nlt \wth Ml. I.imt-n In On the same day and at the same meeting, us it appeal's iii the record, a mutual additional agreement was entered into by the tax-payers, ami signed l'\ most of them, with a preamble setting forth the rea- sons that made this new agreement necessary, tie important parts of which are as follows: nf In t* I in I lint urn h\ a inn n a 1 1. \ •■! vti 1 -. .1- the\ i.tln 1 wee nil -lit haw il , that .-Irml'l 1" Enectnnl t.. i.inpel IVr-mi- t |'.i\ theil Inne-I |'ni[.i>ltMtl ni' all -mil II. id- ami l.e.e-.sni,V 1 h. II -•- that shall nil-' in lallimi, settling ami maintaining a minister. "Xnw-, therefore, that we may Enjoy thn 1 lit 'I tin I .In .sp.l ,,nl|. □ances amongst us, we have c into the follow ing agreement and ob- The contract with Mr. Emerson is set forth in this neu- agreement, verbatim, ami the rem, ml then con- tinues as follows : " mi,., agreed thai in the Payment of the Minister's Settle nl .v Sal lnv. the a 1- hereaftei to be chosen Proportion Buch a certain part tin 1. nl to each Pole, that when tin- Remainder thereol shall be levied upon Each Person's Real ami Personal Estate, agreeable to the Rules ot the Massachusetts Province, that tin- highest Payel n| 1 tab hall be > qua single Pole. . . . "To the Performance "i the aforewritten agreement we hereby cove- nant ami oblige ourselves in the Penal sum nf turn, till sueh time as this society be tncoi pi'iabil a aistitict Town or Parish." Thirty-seven names were signed to this agreement, some of which were nut upon the call. This agree- ment, as will be readily seen, was a voluntary com- pact, entered into bj those who signed it as their best expedient for the lack of a town or parish charter. Some other matters suggested by this contract be- tween Mr. Emerson ami his society are worthy nf a lew passing remarks, as illustrating the laws, customs and prevailing sentiments of the times, as well in civil as in church affairs. First, it was agreed, in this contract, that the new minister, for the present, should receive for his yearly salary one hundred and fifty ounces of coined silver, or their equal value in hills nf public credit, the paper money of that day, and also thirty cords "I w 1. When the number of families in the societj should reach one hundred, live , unices per year were to be added, till the salary should amount to two 29 hundred ounces; ami il might afterwards be increased to two hundred ami ten ounces. The ounce Troy, used in weighing the precious metals, contains lour hundred and eighty grains. The American silver dollar contains four hundred and twelve ami one-half of those grains, making the value of the ounce of silver i oin $1.14; one hundred ami fifty ounces, $171; two hundred ounces, $228; and two hundred and tei nci - $239.40, in standard federal coin. Mr. Emerson was ordained April 20, 174:;, and he continued a faithful, venerated and popular minister ,,f that society till November 27, 17!'::, a period of more than fifty years, without a change "or wish to change his place." At the latter date the Rev. Eli Smith, who had manic. 1 his granddaughter, was settled as bis colleague, Mr, Emerson retaining one- hall' of his .silary till his decease, September 30, 1801, at the age of eighty-live years. . I ii In 31, 1745, a church covenant was adopted, which was signed by the follow ing persons: Daniel Emerson, John Boynton, Henry Union, Sat 1 Brown, Jerah- in.nl Cumings, Benjamin Blauchard, Elias Smith, Enoch Hunt, Nathan- iel Bl I. Joseph I bo In r, Jonathan limit. nth 'flic following were made members of the church prior to the Revolution : latum Wright Rev. Mr. Emerson was a man of large and active intellect, a convert of \V hitclield, and partaking largely of his spirit, he was uniformly evangelical, ami often a very eloquent preacher. His chief excel- lencies in preaching were sound doctrine, deep feeling and zeal at times almost overwhelming. His labors were by no means confined to the pulpit. He was interested in public affairs, serving as chaplain in the army and accompanj ing it to ( 'rown Point. An able counselor, be was often called from h to aid feeble churches. Interested in thecause of ministerial edu- cation, ami much blessed with revivals of religion among his own people, he animated a large number of young men to become preachers of the gospel. Very assiduous in his attendance on the meetings of this association, he manifested an energy like (hat of Baxter, whom in person he was said t<> resemble. From his talents and position the Hollis minister was for many years a leading mind in the association. Upon the monument erected over his grave in the Hollis central burial-ground is inscribed the follow- ing epitaph: HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. "■'"'•'Hi '!"- M..1111 i li,.. il,,- M,„tal |...rl ,,f Rev. Daniel Emerson. e was i,'>rii .ii Reading, .M.,-s , Kay 20, ITU;. Graduated at Harvard I „»,i.,i,, it 19 was ordained April 20, 1743, to thi Pasta il car Ofthe Church and Congregation in Hollis, win, I, then consisted ,,) only 30 I . lie i> was an honest man, given to Hospitality A faithful Friend and Patr An Evaimrhr.ii. zealous and unusui Of the Gospel of JeBus Highly Estee I by his | pie, bin praii A D 1793, be voluntarily reUnqnish, Tol in- Sa lai \ Kvini-ril an uiialmtm- Int.- l.ji the caused Christ, Until nature failed and he foil asleep in Jesus, September 30, 1801, aged 85 years." November 27, 1793, Rev. Eli Smith was settled as colleague pastor with Rev. Mr. Emerson. Rev. Dr. Day, in a biographical sketch of Mr. Smith, written for the " History of the New Hamp- shire Churches," says of him : " That he was a man of strong natural talents, a firm and energetii defender ofthe truth and a - ssf astot During hie pastorate oi a ll " 1 '' than thirty seven years between four and Ave hundred per- sons were admitted to the church. . The great revival of his "•"> waB m lllr years 1801 and 1802. Ai that time one hundred and ii.ii.i-tu.. ii.-u in. mi,..|, «,.,,. nnit.,1 t.i tli.- . Iiimii. in isii there was anothei revival. ttl„i, tlmtj m Lit v I .. I ~. . f ,~ tor,. ail.li-,1 to tin- i-huri-b. [n 1817 there was still another, of which al t titty i -e were made subject* .Mi Smith was dismissed (al bis own request) in February 1831, and died in Hollis, May 11, 1847." Rev. David Perry, the third minister, was horn at Worcester, .Mass., July 26, 1798; graduated at Dan mouth College in 1824, at the Theological Seminary at Andover in I.S27 ; and was ordained at Cambridge- port, Mass., May, 1828. He was dismissed at Cam- bridgeport, afterwards installed as pastor of the church in Hollis, February 23, 1831, and dismissed, at his own request, June 13, 1842, after a pastorate of more than ten years. Mr. Perry died at Ware- ham, Mass., August 27, 1876, aged seventy-eight, and was buried in Hollis. Rev. James Aiken, the fourth pastor, was bom in Goffstown, X. H., November 14, 1810, graduated at Dartmouth College in L839,and at Union Theological Seminary in 1842. He was ordained pastor August 30, 1843, and remained nearly five years. Dismissed July a, 1848. Rev. Matthew 1). Gordon, fifth minister, was born at Blantyre, Scotland, December 10, 1812. He was ordained pastor March 21, 1849, and dismissed in consequence of ill health June 7, 1862. Died at Hoosick Falls, X. V., August 21, 1853, aged forty. Rev. Pliny Butts Hay, D.D., sixth minister! was horn at Euntington, Mass., April 21, 1806; gradu- ated at Amherst College in 1834, and at the Theo- logical Seminary at Andover in 1837; was installed as pastor of this church July 7, 1852. He received the honorary degree ofD.D. from Dartmouth College in 1864, of which institution he was a trustee foi several years previous to his death. He died at Hollis July 6, 1869, aged sixty-three. The published writings of Dr. Day are " Letters from Europe," 1851 ; ■'Two Sermons," the Sabbath after his installation, 1852; "New Year's Address," L854; "Sermons:" at the funeral of Benjamin F. Nichols, 1854; al the funeral of John H. Cutter, I860; "Farewell to Soldiers," 1861; in memory of John H. Worcester. 1864; "Victory and its Dangers," 1865 ; in memorj of Abraham Lincoln, 1865; at the funeral of Benjamin M. Farley, 1865. Dr. Hay was also a valued contributor to the Congregationalist and Con- gregational Journal. Rev. -lames Laird, seventh minister, was born at Huntingdon, Canada Fast, September 4. 1833. Hied at Hollis May 2-3, 1870, aged thirty-six. Rev. Hiram L. Kelsey, eighth minister, was horn at Win cl,,ck. Vt., August 31, 1835; was installed pastor of the church and society at Hollis June I. 1875, and dismissed (at his own request) March 1 1878. Rev. 1 1. B. Scott, in the fall of 1878, was engaged as minister of the society, and remained until January 1, 1885. Will,.,,,, died Septeml aged forty- Josiah i \i,.| Co 'I'll-, mas Pat h, chosen 174", . died May I. 1754, aged forty fears Francis Worcester, chosen 1717 ; died October 10, 1800, aged si venty- (rears Eno, h Noyes, chosen 1760 died Septembi r, 1790, aged eighty years. Jolm Boynton, chosen 1755 , died o, tober 29, 17-7, aged Bixty Beven Stephen Jewett, i I ,i 1770 , died May 23, 1803, ag, Daniel Emerson, Jr., chosen 1775 ; died October 4, 1820 i lugust 21, 1807, aged sixty-one May '_'. l^IJ, aged i ighty eight Ephraim Burge, chosen 1803 i I Man b 3, 1843, aged seventy-eight Thomas Farley chosen 1803; died March 17, 1832, aged sixty-three Stephen Jewett, Jr., chosen 1808; died February 22, 1829, aged Benoni Cutter, chosen 181 1 i I January 17 1816, aged forty tout Enos Hardy, , In,- n 1816; died May 18, 1857, aged eighty-five Phillips Wood, chosen 1820; died January 14, 1858, aged seventy six William Emerson, chosen 1832 ; died December 3, 1873, aged ei i,u 1^74. aged ninety Isaac Farley, chosen 1832; died IV John B. Hardy, chosen I s ',s Jewe 1841 di, .1 I try M. Farley, chosi n 1875 orgs M Bradley, chosen 187 i. Nathan Willoughby. The first meeting-house was built in 1741. li a one-story primitive structure. The second church edifice was erected in 1 June 13, 174ti, the town voted,— HOLMS. 445 •■ I,, ., ,. | I ||m |..\\ II Will I l I.. "I " rosee 1 1 the town will Accepl the Tiinbei whii h ia hewu and drawn lm.tli.-i t.. Ijui 1.1 :i lions.' with, anil .In. -<■ u I'm ■ » t • -• - I. . Ink. , l.;i iu. ,,! said Work. "To if the town will accept the ac i (.and thai was given the Parish to Sett the Meeting House on and foi .> Burj ing Plai e ■• To ii the town will vote that the raonej due fr. apt. Powers " To see if the Tow a will provide a Pound and Stocks." At this meeting, also, the town voted,— "l-i, Tobuilds Housefol the Pnblii Worship of God. I n.,l., . .... | ■ T ■ ■ 1 -. I l"i - ii' I II-.' In I'llll.l s;ii.l II. hi-, with, i: njamin Farley, Benjamin Blanchard and Capl Powers .nun. . i. i.l.. ■ are and Bee thai -..i.l II Is I. mil "4th, T )ii Hi.- Laud ll... i waagivento the Parish to >■ n tin sleeting; Hous i and for a Burying 7 to 1875; Henry N. Smith, from IS?:, to IS77; George A. Burge. from 1*77 to L885. Population.— 17 He 53; 1 7".o, 77 ; 1755, 107; 1760, 117; 1765,131; 1771,231; l77o(at the beginning of the wart, 279; 1783 (at the end of the war), 293; 1783, 1392; 1790, nil; 1800,1557; 1810,1529; 1820, 1543; 1830, 1501; 1840, 1333; 1850, 1293; 1860, 1317; 1870, 1079; 1880, 1080. The population in 1767 included one male ami our female slave CHAPTER III. HOLLIS -{Continued). CIVIL hist, n: v orporation of Town— First Town-Meeting— Town Representatives. Tin; town was incorporated, as before mentioned, Town Clerks- The loll clerks from 174H to 1885 : San 1 Cumin ; 1740 t 1TTH..N- , epl 1753, '1 and ',•• St 1 i. Mi". 1 . i :. 4. John Hale, 1760. William Cumings, 1TTI 11, iiml 1782 to!788. . 1836, '37, ls:i« :.,,.] is: Benjamin M. Farley, 1820 to Is... Selectmen. — The following is a list of the select- men from 174(1 to 1885: SiiiiiiH-l I 'inning-. IT!'. I.. 177... ia cept 17:.::, 1771 .iii.I 1700. Benjamin Farley, 1746, '17 and 171s. Francis Worcester, 1746, 17. Is, '62, '63 and 1766. Stephen \ s, 1747, i- 1771. N. ill.. in. I T..u ..-. ... l. Samuel Brown, 1 7 1 s. Klias Smith, 1 7 1 s . B Ii Hunt, 1749. .I..-I w right, 17 in mi. I 1707. Moses Proctor, 17tn l: I. KFoyes, 1749, 1751 t.. 17 17 ... 1.. 1700, 177- Samuel Goodhue, 1750, '7,1, \ .71 ainl 177i,. Benj. Blanchard, 1750 and 17 11ISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. / ichariab L iwrence, 1 i54 .< 1757. John I '11 i L751 Josiah Conant, IT il and L755 Benjamin k-bbot, 1752, '53, 60andl761. John Boyi I tnd 1781 John li lie, 1761, '64 and 17CC. m„ ■[ W. bster, 1761 Stej i„ a Wi bster, 1762, '63 i i • Samuel Hobarl Stephen Jewett, L766 ro - . 1766 Cal b i arley, 1767. Jonathan Philbrick, 1767 1768. Noah Webster, 1769, '75, '76, H..W, i Tec Willis l un, . i. iv, it. 1769 William Brown, 1771, '72, '! I .■■. William Pool, 1771 l i li ndall, 1771, '72 William I'u Daniel Kendrick, 177"., 1777 i diver I. .in rence, L775, 177H Daniel I mi re m. B 'I M i i- •■ i Christopher 1' I url 1814 Ralph W, Jen .iii.l 1824 i. i, ii r "ri-ht, 1823 to 1829, and 1- 15 William Em. i I; ilph I Ti mi. ' L826 27 28, Benjamin Earlc II. in is: :n Jonas Willongbby, 1789 Solol Wheat 1789 to 17''-. 1-"", '01, ", '11, II, 15 I 16 Jonathan Danfortb, 1789 William T i. .Ii , 171H. '112. Pool, ism to 1-"- I- '.v. 09, in, n.i' and 181 \u,,- Eastman Ii 1806 Samson Powers 1 301 md 1809, '10, 1819 li,,. ,1 Hale i.-i i Willi. ii 1". i- >' II, 12 Joseph 1. Smith, 1832, », '4i'i, '17. and ls.lt" 1859. William Merrill l A M - Proctor, i- .i ad i ..i- 15, 36, 39 \\ illil ■ Mil li II 17 'in. '41, ii l \ i Marshall IS 16, 37 Phillips W I, l- 17 - i.i,' \ Worcester, 1838 I dv. n.i I I .",,1 '52. I I |, 1 M II, I James Wheeler, 1840, •«. Samuel Little, 1841. IJ John Farley, 1842 i I Reuben Baldwin, 1843, 1-1, ' i,l. 62 John I. Pool, 184 I to i' William r Saunderson, 1-17, ' \ - Hardy, 1844, 45, '46 ,.. 1847 ,. 1848 David .1 Wright, 184 19 w ,i • ,,,, S I', aney, 1848, '49. I nth,., Proi lor, i- ■ ' i '60, '70. '71 well, 1850. Noah Johnson, 1851. \ ,i m lim , I- . ' 3, Stillman Spaulding, 1853 i., ,ii. - « H beeli ' - I, 1855 H. 1 Baili : i Warner Read, 1856, '57 Edward Hardy, 1858, '59 Bbenezi i I. fl heeler, 18 ■ - lost pi D I'.i'i., i. 18£ David M. Farley, I 360 John ''I war, Is., I Enoch Farli f,1862,'i William \ T. ... 1863 64 ,,!,, , r l ,. i, ii. hi. 1863 ',1 i barli • \ Read, 1865, 66, '61 I cam , \ u I. is.,-,. Enoch I ' "li' "in. 1866. John W Is. 1866 to 69 Frederick A. W I, 1867 to ' Charli - II Won estei I 368 George Moore, I-"'', 70 n. I a Smith, 1870, 71 i. . . 1-71 i 73 Silas M Spaulding. Is72 to '7.. .lani.s I. Hill-, 1S72 t" ls7:, Vlkin- J, Turner, 1874, '7.'.. 1 tin E Flags 1876 to '7-. John \ ' ,i,ni ii i-7'. to 78 CharleB W. Hardy, 1-7'. to 7'' Charles S Spauldin I bail.- M Sttatton, l-7'i, so. si. Andrew .1. Charles \ 1885. James E Hills, 1883 Ralph E Ti am j 1884 Truman Hnnl, lss4 George 11 blood, lssl James D Hills, 188 Charles ] Hal.-, I--: Henry X. Smith, 188(1, '81. Representatives.— The following i- a list of the Representatives from 1739 to 1858 : 17 ;i -Abraham Taylor and I'eter Pow.-rs were delegates of the set- tlers in West Dunstable to the Massachusetts General Court upon their petition foi a i hartei 1714 -.lam.- >t. wait \va- ,1,1, ...it-' ,,!' the mhal.ltarits of West Dun- Btable to the New Hampshire General Court, to present their petition for -arn-, ,n- and soldier- for protection against the Indians. 1746 -Stephen Ai was delegate, of the settlersin the wesl partol Hullis, to the New Hampshire General Court, upon their petition lor a ,. nt..,- to locate ili- new l tin 1717 Sat I i mi, in.- wa- .1.1,-ate of the town to the Xew Hamp- shire General r.'iirt, upon its petition for an a.t lor taxing the land of non-residents for the support of the ministry, and also upon the petition ofthetownfoi -,,iit-t,,i |,i,t, , tim a-ainst the Indians. Dt rohn Hale, representative to the New Hampshire Gen- eral i ' t six ye h- from 1762 to 1768. 17HS-74 — r,,l..u. ! * ,ii,u... II , but, lepr—, [italic., t,, the New llamp- -hir.. General I onrt -.x \--ar-, from I7'.s to 1774 1774.— Stephen Ames, Reuben Dow and Stephen Jewett, delegates to the I .1-1 ' • ,ii i . t \ Congress, ai \inli.-i-t, Novembei -. i T ~ t 177". -Stephen Jewett and Enoch Xoyes, delegates to the Second William Nevins, Jeremiah Ames and Samuel Farley, delegat 3 to the I'ol IJ. .hi. Hale, I- pi. - ill. ilii.'toth .•...,„, ;,|, ,„„ i ,i,i,,, 1 1 j.;.. 177.:,. i'oi,,ti.i Sainu.i H.ii.art, .1.1, --ate to the Provincial Congreas,"at Exe- ter, \pril, l"" : ' I'oloiiel John Hale and Deacon Enoch Xoyes, chosen del.-ates t" the l-i ,.% in. ial » on-i.-s- t., in, .t at Exeter. Ma 1'.. 177.. i olonel Hale not being aide to attend, I'oloiiel llol.art was elected in hi- pla, . Maj 21-1 \,,i , ml.,., L2 Stephen Vines chosen r.-presriilativc t,, il,,- i ,, to i ,1 Court for one year I77C, N..\.nil..-i 2n st.-pheti \uic- a-ain . hosen representative to the 177: \,.\,inl".| 2". —Stephen Ames c hi. -ell 1 opt .-s.-ntatlve for the thud i: - |. • ,,i ]: i ,,[,! !;, ul„ a. Ice ,1 n r. presentative to 177'' An-n-l 12 —I'.. 1 1 T.diii Hal.- chosen delegate to the conven- tion held at loncord, September 2:'., 1779, to " -tat.- prices December 2.— l'..l. an 1 John Hale chosen representative to the General i'.. nit 1780, November 23.— Colonel Hale again chosen representative t. the General Court. 1751, Xoveiiib. a 21.— Captain Daniel Emerson chosen representative to il, ,., aeral Court 1752. iirtobci - Ki, 1,, n.i i mis shannon i presentative to the General ' lour! 1791, August 28.— Captain Daniel Emerson chosen del i ,• ■ r-ai-iiint ,.l I'oiivention. Captain Daniel Emerson, 1783 to Daniel Bailey, 1-1; 1801, 02, 03, 09, 11. I, I. ,1. \mes, 17:12 to ''17 and 1800. Benjamin Pool, i-"l to 1808 Nathan Thayer,1812 i M Farley, Isllto 1818, 1-21 to 1829 Ralph W. Jewett, 1822 and '23. J itl.an T. Wrighl i- . • Kalph E. Tenney, 1832, '33, '34 and I-. Moses Pro. I HOLLIS. Joseph K. Smith, DOS and ':)». Leonard Farley, 1840, '41, '42. William Merrill, 1843 and 'II William I' Hal.-. ls-HI. '47 ami '4s John L Poole, 1849 and 'SO. Almon I 1 Marshall, 1851 and '52 John Farley, 1853 and '54. John S. Haywood, 1855. Major James Wheeler, 1856 and '57. John H. Cutter, lS.'.S and '59. Minot Farley, 1860 and '01. Luther Proctor, 1862. Reuben Baldwin, lsiO and •■! J. ,1,1, I ',.1, in n, ISIm and '1)6. I thj E. Flagg, 1867 and '68. ii. I B Richardson, 1869 and 181 John W Is, 1-7 I and 71 Charles A. Reed. 1875 and '76 Franklin Worcester, 1877 and ' Charles Richardson, 1879 and i ., i . M 1881 and '82 Sila- M. Spaulding, 1883 and '8 Frederick Worcester, 1886. Oil A I'TER IV. HOLLIS— (Continued). MILITARY HISTORY. The Heroes of Four Wars— The French and Inilian War— War of tin Revolution— 1812— War of the Rebellion— Soldiers' Monument— Joht 11 Worcester Post, G. A. R. In the regiment which was raised in New Hamp- shire for the Crown Point expedition, in 1755, Rev Daniel Emerson was chaplain, Dr. John Hale sur geon's mate, and Jonathan Hubbard (Hobert) adju tant, all ot'Hollis. Nearly two-thirds of the Third Company of this regiment were also Hollis men. Of this company, Peter Powers was captain : Benjamin Abbot, lieuten- ant ; William Cumiugs, ensign; James Colburn, clerk; David Hubbard (Hobart) and Samuel Cum- iugs, sergeants; Jonathan Powers, Enoch Noyes, Stephen Hazeltine and James Brown, corporals ; and Samuel Brown, drummer, all of Hollis. Among the private soldiers, or sentinels, we recognize the follow- ing Hollis names, viz. : Jacob Abbot, Ebenezer Ball, Samuel Barrett, Jabez Davis, John Flagg, Jonathan Fowler, Josiah French, John Goodhue, James Hill, George Lesley, Christopher Lovejoy, Levi Powers, Stephen Powers, Whitcomb Powers, Isaac Stearns, Nathaniel Townsend, T>aniel Wheeler, James Wheeler, Peter Wheeler and John Wiloughby, making in all thirty-four Hollis men in this regiment. In August, 1757, after the capture of Fort William Henry by the French and Indians, a battalion of two hundred and fifty New Hampshire troops was raised for the defense of Fort Edward, near Lake George, commanded by Major Thomas Tash. In the First Company of this battalion there were eleven Hollis soldiers, viz. : Benjamin Abbot, Jacob Abbot, Stephen Ames, Ephraim Blood, Klnathan Blood, Robert Campbell, Timothy Emerson, John Hale, Samuel Hobart, (Sergeant) Jonathan Hobart and John Wil- loughby. In 1758 a regiment of New Hampshire troops was raised, commanded by Colonel John Hart, of Ports- mouth, a part of which was ordered to join a second expedition against Louisburg and the remainder to serve on the western froutier. Of this regiment 1 Rev. Daniel Emerson was chaplain, and l>r. John Hale surgeon. Of its sixth company, Ebenezer Jaqnith was second lieutenant and Josiah Brown ensign. Besides the foregoing, there were also in the si company sixteen Hollis soldiers, making in all twenty Hollis men in this regiment, viz. : Nathaniel Blood, Joseph Easterbrook, Jonathan Fowler, .lames French, Samuel Hazeltine, James Hubbard (Hobart), Thomas Nevins, Ebenezer Pierce, Whitcomb Powers, Thomas Powers, Isaac Stearns, Samuel Stearns, James Taylor, Abel Webster, Peter Wheeler and John Willoughby. In 1750, the year of the capture of Quebec, a Nevi Hampshire regiment was raised and put under the con ind of Colonel Zaccheus Lovewell, of Dun- stable, with its rendezvous at that place. With the exception of two com], anies, the rolls of this regi- ment are lost; but as it was made up of drafts from the militia regiments of the whole province, and its headquarters being in an adjacent town, there can be no reasonable doubt that the Hollis soldiers were well represented in it. In 1760 the vear oi the final conquest of Canada, \,u Hampshire furnished its last regiment of eighl hundred men for this war, of which John Goffe was colonel, having its headquarters at Litchfield. This regiment marched to its destination In the waj oi Monson, Keene, the Green Mountains, ami thence to Crown Point, [ts adjutant was Samuel Hobart, and on the roll of .me its companies I find the follow ing names of Hollis soldiers: Joseph Taylor, lieu- tenant ; James Taylor, sergeant ; and among the privates, Jotham Cumings, Francis Towers and Joshua Wright. In the foregoing lists there will be found sixty-one different names of men who, as private soldiers or offi eel's, in the several years of that war, went into the army from the territory now or at that time embraced in Hollis. War of the Revolution. -The first reference on the town record to the War of the Revolution is under date of November 7, 1774, which was a meeting called to choose delegates for the County Congress, to be held on the following day at Amherst. Deacon Stephen Jewett, Ensign Stephen Ames and Lieutenant Reuben How were chosen.and the following preamble and resolution adopted . Preamble.— we, the inhabitants oi the town of Holies, having taken int., our most serious considV ration the precarious and most alarming affairs of our land at the present day. do firmlj enter into the following resolul i, ,11 '•Tli.n we will at all times endi avol to maintain our liberty and priv- il and sacred, .on ..1 tin- ns,|ii, ,,l .,111 livesand fortuli, s. and \wll not only disapproxe, but « In, IK . i . — | - 1 — I, I,,,,,, jnsl and solid reasons to tuinl ev, n wish us in any measure to be deprived of them." Iii 1774, £2716*. 3d. was assessed upon the inhabit- ants for ammunition. On December 30, 1774, it was l,. i. .,', that .v- a rdiallj a I" to the iusl Btate ■ f the British i olonies and thi measures adopted and HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. a. ii. Dea John B .yn April 28, 17 le-hall sent to [he army, ind Hi.-t I. all i.. I.. .n-r ■ ii.nt.-.l t,. th.. May 11, 1775, il was ■' I W-.l, .iii.l . Ii.im i'..l .I..I111 llal. in.! 11. a. ..il V. 1 1 N.n.. 1 i.l. -.il.- llir Provincial Congress t t at Exerei he 17th ol May, inst -.., \ oted .ii i' I mil in ted oui deli gatea to join the other Governments raising and paying theil proportions in men and ney, in the defence Province of New Hampshire, i Special town meeting Ma) 18, 177.^ Hillsborough County, SS [Ensign Noah W.Tia^t. a-, in.. ilinatur. -i c a I' Vgn r-IHi'lii i.t I . delegate to the < ingress ..i ' MIllUi, Ml., 1 ,.|, L |, .- "Colonj ..I Nevi Hampsl i S Hillsborough County, ss. I " f.. /.■./, ami L'li.i.1 l-aisii:ii Strplm Assembly at Exetei rors year. ">/./, .. r,,.',s- \ dispute arose respecting s votes which were brought in writing .>! persons gone into the army, which being put to vote iin ) were allowed as if the a were present them i Ivi ft a)i/ n'.aitaai (Ii.ii-'ii Coiiqmmj -a M,„„t. M, n who marched from Hott ttk, lath o) IpriJ, 1 7 7 -. Reuben Dow, captain; John Goss tii-t lieutenant ; John Cumings, second lieutenant ; Nathan til I, Joshua Boynton, William Kevins, M i I ■. i. - a. .■ai, i,-. Sams a I' a- .1.. ■ Mi tntosh, James Mc- Tliirty-niiic of the privates of the company, after an absence of from five to twelve days, returned to Mollis. Tlic remaining fifty-three, with but few, if any, exceptions, stayed at Cambridge and volunteered in other companies, to serve lor eight months. Much the largest part of those who remained at Cambridge re-enlisted lot- right months in a new company under Captain Dow, of which John Goss was also first lien- iriiant anil .John Cumings second lieutenant. This company was afterwards mustered into the Massachu- setts regiment, commanded by Colonel William Pres- • "ii. ilo' hero of Bunker Hill, who. at the time, lived mar the north line ol' tin- adjoining town of Pepperell, a large part of his farm being in llollis. Thomas < !ol- 1 .ni-ii and Ebenezer Youngman, two of these Minute- Men, enlisted in the company of Captain Moor, of Groton, Mass., in the same regiment, ami were both killed in the tight at Bunker Hill. Job Bailey, Ephraim How and Samuel Leeman, three others of them, joined the company of Captain Levi Spalding, ..I Nottingham West (now Hudson), in the New Hampshire regiment that fought at Bunker Hill under Colonel Reed, and were all present in the battle. Six others of them — viz., Joel Bailey, Richard Bailey, Nathan Colburn, Aimer Keyes, David Wallingford ami Bray VVilkins — volunteered in the company of Captain Archelaus Town, of Amherst, N. H., after- wards mustered into the Twenty-seventh Massachu- setts Regiment, commanded by Colonel Hutchinson. t if this company Wallingford was second lieutenant and Wilkins one of the sergeants. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HOLLIS SOLDIERS,* SHOWING 1\ WHAT YEAH THEY ENLISTED, WHEN \M' now LONG THE} w i:i;i i\ nil -I i:\ hi; [•'177"> I. " .1. in.t.-s .:-nlist 8 in , '78, 11 1 22 d Daniel in 1, 2d., '70, L.,'75, Ti., Daniel Bailey, '75, Cam., 3 in ,'77. i; in Al. T , '78, II. [., 22 •!., '79, II. Elnathan Bl 1, '76, Ti., G. It 1., ft in. i phraim Blood, '75, ram., B. 11., Daniel Bailey, Jr., '76, Wh. P., s mo. .". in. l'i in i- in 1, '75, Cam., n II., fob Bailej 75, Cam , B II , 8m - in HOLLIS. Josiah Bl I. '76, Ti., 6 m. Josiah Blood, Ji . '77. u T SO, \\ I'l In Le I HI I, '80, C A . 6 in. Nathan Blood, '75, I. , 7.7. Cam., n II . 8 in Nathaniel Blood, 7-. R. 1 , 22 d., '80, C \ , Nathaniel III I. Jr., '78, K. [., 22 .1. '"Hi- !'•! I. '75, L. Reuben 1:1 1. '77, 11. T , 78, C. A., 'J v., 'mi. i \ . 6 .ii sin i 111 I, '77, Ben , '78, C. A., 2 v., '80, N. Frontier, 6 .... Timothj Bl I, 70, Wh. P., 5 ... , ., 22. ll.M.i \ Bow. re, i'i .1. rathmael Bow. re, 79, C \ I \ Olivei Bowers, 77, Al. T. Samuel Boyd, 78, C \ . I y., 80 C A ,3 v. Benjamin Boynton, 7.7. I,, '71',. « b I- . m Eliae Boynton, 7:., Cm, , B II s m.,'76,C. \.. 1 v., '78, R, I .. 22 .1. I ., . Boynton, 77, C \ I y. ■ I... ..I. Boynl '75, Cam., li II., Joel Boynton, '75, Cam., 3 m . '76, Wh. P., 5 mo. John Boynton, :; .1 , 77, C. A., Jo bus l; i. oton, 7 ,, Cam., li. II.. John Brooks, '77, O. A.. 8 in. I.l. William II ks, 7s. I; I , 22 d . 81,3 in Abel Brown, '75, Cam., B II , 8m William Brown, '76, Ti , .. I; Eliphalet Brow ... '75, < lam., 3 ... '77, Al. T.. '77, Ben r. 9. i I. Brown '76, X Y., 2 m. i — i .1. Bruce, '75, Cam., 8 in, Ephraim Burge. '77, Al. T. John Campbell, '75, Cam . I; II , 8 in.. 77, Ben. Edward I alter, 76 » P 77. C. L, 3 j Thomas Carter, 7s, li I , 22 .1 \ ., i Ihambei lain 31, 3 m Samuel I hi ■ i lain, 11 S 7 Wilder Chambei lain, . ., * am B II , Sin ini.. i. . lark, 81, .'. A , I j ll'ii). iinin . 'oil. in li. '77. Al T . 7\ li. I . 22 .1 i. - . kilbui ii. 77. i am ,3 m., 77, C. \ .sin Nathan Colburn, '7.7, L ,'77 1 7,in . - in . 76, Wh. P . ". ,,, Robert Colburn, '75, i7.n. . .; m. Thomas Colburn, '75, I,., '77. Cam.,B. II.. 8 m. Abel Conant, '75, Cam., B. II., s m. 70. C.A., 1 > , '7s, R. I, 22 .1 .Insiah Conant, 7.7, Cam., :; in , 7s, K. 1, 22,1 Robert Connick, 81, 3 m William Col k, 76, W I. P., 5 m„ '77, c A , ; ,.. j(] , \ , William Cow.ii, '7s, C. A., 2 y. 17 in. ii tilings, 75, I . 75, .'in.... B II ,8m., 76, ■' \ Lj John Conroy, "7.7, Cam., :'. in., 'Sll, W. l't.. 3 m. 1 I J . -ll . 7s, C \ . - % - t Conroy, i, l '75, ' lam B. II., s m. Stephen Conroy, '7.7, C. A , I y., K I \ '. SO, C. A Kl.oniv.'i I niniii--, 77.. \ . 7 \ Ell John i oi _-. '75, L., 75, .'.no II II, S |„ Larnar.I i'ninin^s, 70. I',,, i ,,,,1 N. Y., 12 in. Petol Cnmings, '75, Cam , B II , Philip 'in gS, 77, Can, . II. II, William Cumings, 70, N Y.,2 m , •77, ALT Jai ,7, Danforth, 76,1 !. A 1 y.,'77, 77, Al T. ,, I, . 77, li I , 22 II., 8m., Evan Dow, 75 Cam.,B '78, R. I .22,1. StO] li Hon. 77. \1 '1' I'., ■ , i ., 1 1 1 1 1 1 I., i ley, 7.,, I. , Benjamin Farley, Jr., '76, Ti , in. I.l Caleb Farley, 76, Port and N f, 12 m., '78, H. I . 22,1 Christopher la. I, \ , 7,., foil ;,n,| Ebenezer Farley, 7.7, I.. 70. N. V.. 2m. Joseph Farley, '75, C ., 1 m. Stephen Farlej . ,, Cam . 1 ,0 Minot Fartnei, 7.7. 1,,, '77, Cam , B. H., 8 m., '76, C. A , 1 j . David Farnsworth, 75 1 Cam., B. II . 8 11. James I'isk, 7",. I, ,7",, Cam . 8m Josiah Ki>k, 7.7, Cam., B. II.. Sin. .loo.,- II ,2L\ 7-, K I . 22 ,1 , BO, U I'l . 7, in mi Foster, '79, '7 A,. 1 y. David 17, -0,1, 70. Port and N V 12 „| 1 I "7,. ; ,,, Wh. P., 3 in. Jonathan French, 77, lien., 7s, Joseph Fren, i, 1 V'i.,1,0.,1, 1 I,, '77, ll T Timothj French, '70, \\ illiam Flench, 7 .. 1 Ebcnozei Gilsou 1 1 •1-1 01 C I., 3 3 Samuel lime, 77. John Mo,, ,0 p Capt. .i,,i 1 John Bale, .li , 70, N 1,71 '78, R I . 22 d. Dim, I Hale, '78, R I , 22 ,1 W illiam Bale, 77, C V., 3 y, laroti 1 1.. 1 v 75, 1 Jesse llai.lv. so, W. Ft , .". in Lemuel Hardy, '77, Al. 'I'., u l't.,.; ,„ . Joseph Bardy, 7 1 ., Port, li m .Noli, nn.ih II.,,. I, . 1 N01 ardy, 77, ALT., '7s, R, 22 ,1. Phineas Hardj 7,., Port, 3 m Phineas Bardy, Jr., '75 Cam.. ,3. Caleb Eastman, '75, Cam., 1'.. II.. Silas Manly, 79, Port . Thomas Hardy, 75, Cam., 1; II William Elliot, 75, Cam., B II , s Indrev. Henderson, '82, N 1 - in , 7.,, 1' L, 1 jr. tier. 11 III. .7.1,1 Daniel Emerson, 76, Ti . m. '77. AL T, 78, R. I . 22,1, Samuel Hill, '75, Cam., ll 11 , 8 0, .', 17 1,..., '77. . . 1., 3 J 7», R. I , , in. Dr. Peter Emerson, 79, R. 1 5 rsaac Hobart, '75, Cam B 11 , - 0, 1,', 2. Surg. 1; , Iph Emerson, 7, , Ti 6m , 77, Isaac Bol , ,1 . SI, C. A., 3 3 1.,. ,,o global 1 -11 \ : \ . \ . 3 ) Samuel Emerson, '79, HI. i ni. John Hobart, 77. Ml 19 1; 1 I'l i.'- Emerson, '76, Ti . in Jonathan Hobart, '77. Cam., 3 m. Col. Sain'l Bobart 7 1 Payrnan Solomon 11,7 , 77, Al. T., II. I.. 22 ,1 c,i met 1 Hon, r, '75, Cam Richard Bopkins, 70, Port N. V,, 12 in. Samne] 11,-1, \ , 7 i, Cam 1: Ephraim How, '75, Cam , It. II 1,1 77 B, o John How, 76, Ti., 6m., '78, 1: Ebenezer Jai , 75, Cam , 3 Jan lewetl 1 Pi., G. R. .I,,,,. ,11, .10 .o wetl 7.-. 1,7 I , o ,„. n. ., Nathani. 1 J. wett, '70, 'I'i., Jonathan Lovejo3 Jl ,, 1 ., Ephraim Lund, . 1 am I m .1. 11 , 77,, .7,1,1., II., sin. ■ I., - 71, Run, I . . I- 1 Randall McDauiels, 75, I. .1,0,,, 71, Hendl, y, '81, C. A., 3 An hibald Hi I,. 77, Ben James Mcintosh, 77, < am . B Daniel .Mr, nil re I'i G 1: w illiam Neviu 75, L., '75 Cam 11 11.- .,„ re, c 7.ii li .0,,, 77, M 17, 78, 1,7 I , 17 7, Noyc ii 70. Pi . o ,, U Parker, si, ; m. Jon ,11, '.ni.. 'i .0, i' \., I y., 17, .7 \ , s ,„ , 7-, i: I "7 Stephen Parker, >,', W I'l In,, - 1 , \ 13 David Patch, 70, C I., 1 y. Daniel Patch, 7.,, Cam., :; in. Phomas Patch, 75, *L., 76, Ti., BISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Nathan Phelps, 76 I 7 • Cam - uuuel I'll' Ips, T6, Ti., 6 in. John Philbrick, '75, L. I pi , lini Pi, i , I .. 76, Wh i i, I \ lj Null, uiiuli Pii leu, 75 > urn . U Solomon Piei '76, Ti., 6 in. Richard Piero ri PI G R John Platts, 78, Cam., B. II., 6 in . 71 Wh P., 1>I. .lullalll.lll l',».|, \,,lstallt Mil- ivt, i Pooi : i Ci i ii Thomas Powell, 81,3 m. Fran, is Powers, '75, Cam., I! II., 8 in, '77. Ben. I'l.lll, |, I. l\,\\, >-. 7 '. I \ . I \ Ml, W. PI .. . Ill .lull. llll. HI t Wei Fi , Poi ' and IIm. in. i- Pi. ill : 1 ■ , ' mi P. H.,Sm Jli, I v l i - . wai : i . , .mi 11 « ! Pro toi .. tl l Jacob Reed, ; l . • .'.■in, i;. .,.| ; ■, , .,,,1 .i ,,, 7,., i in, V.-|,li. 11 Hi, li.ii-l-.,,. ,,.. , \ i i -in . li. ii . g in . 77, B, n i; l James Rolfe, 81, i \ , Stephen Runn, lis, , B, u B, I.. 22 d .limatliali IJuss, 75, I "5, i in, 3 m., 77. Ben. Benjamin Saunderson, 7-,. I... 7,., V \ S mi . 77, C v. 3 v . SO, foi the Robi , , Seal ■ , 7 ■ 1 , . 11 r ick, 7". Port and N ^ , 12 iii. I, ' i.i 'I, Sllillliivk.' ..■, i 'am., s in, William Shat«ck. 7".. ra,,, ,:; m .i ii, I 15,1 ..in . . in Jonas Shed, 77. Ben. Ephraim Smith, '75, Cam., B II . .1, .,liiu Smith. Ti., Wh. P.,5 in. i:,i.,. I. Spaulding, 76, Pun. and N. V , 12 in . 78, R I . '■ in Hiding, 7"-, I.., '75, Cam . B II.. - in 77 41 T . 7- R I ,22 d Isaai Ste ■ I 75, I am B.H., 8 m , '77, A! P 77 B, ii I | , ', in., '77, II Ii 7i. Ti 6 in. . \ I i CalebStiles, .1. 79, C A, 1 y. Eli Stiles, 76, C \ . I v., '77, C. A , mii „ 80, c \ , lui the war. \,i,.., T ij I-, 7.1 75, I am . B. II , 8 m. DanielTayloi 75, I.,, 75C. B. H., Samu, I w right, '75, Cam., s in., '77, Ben. 1 mil. Wright, 75, 1... '76, 1 I | .7 1 \ ., Hi ) Jl 75, 1. , am I m , 76, Wh. P., 5 m Hoses Ti, n,-i i i ssatael Twist Jl, C. A I j Lieutenant |ia\i,| Wallimit'xnl, "7",, Cam., 8m., 77. Al. 1 . 77 lien Joseph Wheat, 77 U. I ;• R I 22 d ,'79, C A., I y , BO, foi thi wai Nathaniel Wheat, 7.5, L., '75, , am , 3 in Solomon w heal 7', Ti , G. B TI in- Wheat, '76, Port, and N. 1 12 i" II l.l, H Ii. Ml, Jl . I , am . B. 11 . 8 in. lei :; mi 77 Ben. . 75, I. . '76, Wh P , . in '.' w I '■', Ji . Cam., i Lebbeus H ler, I ,, I tsrai 1 u ilkins, 7 .. I, T"lin^ \\'ill"iii:lil>.v .-_' V li.'ii- lonas \\ I 77, \l T , 77. Be 78, K. I 22 d Nehemiah Woods, 77, U. T ' 'pi. MM N.Mll W ,l.'l, \ Worcesti - Ii i li II , hi 77. Ben less H itei i P ;- R 22 ,1 , 80, C. A, 6 m Si 1 w orcester, '76, Port a N ) . 12 m. ii" in W right, '75, I.. '76, Benjamin Wri l.ii T fl n In ,'li A I T, -lal,,./ Vn, lli-liiaii, 'SJ, 'lining war. John Youngman, '76. T.,6m . '77, C. A.,::y , „,,,' A , foi Hi - wai \i holae \"",,iijin.in ' i i . I. Tin. ma, Vi.iili-m.iii '7i'. ' ', A . 1 v., '77, C. a , I i 80, N I ton tier, ii m. Biographical Sketches of Some of the Hollis Revolutionary Officers and Soldiers. — Nathan l!l 1, smi of Nathaniel Blood, wits born in Hollis, April 4, 1747; married Elizabeth Xoyes, daughter of Deacon Enoch Noyes, April 16,1772; enlisted April 19, 1775, ami was first Bergeant in the company of Captain Dow, at Bunker Hill, where he was killed dune 17, 1775. Lieutenant William Brooks came to Hollis about 1757; married Abigail Kemp, in Hollis, March 29, 1759; enlisted in 1778 in Captain Emerson's rum. [•any to Rhode Island, in which he was second lieu- tenant; enlisted again in 1781, in the company of Captain Mills, regiment of Colonel Reynolds; re- moved from Hollis after the Revolution. Deacon Josiah Conant, son of Josiah Conant; bom in Hollis, October 17, 174ii; enlisted December, 1775, in the company of Captain Woreester, for Cambridge: enlisted, again, in 177S. in the company of Captain Emerson, for Rhode Island, in which he was ser- geant; deacon of the Hollis Church in 1787. till his death, in Hollis. August 21, 1807, aged sixty. Deacon Abel Conant, son of Josiah Conant; born in Hollis, October 3, 1755; enlisted April 19, L775, and was in the company of Captain Dow al the bat- tle of Bunker Hill; enlisted in 1776 in the Conti- nental army for one year, and in 1778 in Captain Em- erson's company for Rhode Island; married Pegga Jewett, in Hollis, November 20, 1781; chosen a dea- con of the Hollis Church in 1787 ; removed to Hard- wick, Vt., in 1813, where be died May 2, 1844, aged eighty-eight. Ensign John Cumings, born in Groton, Mass., March 16, 1737. His name was on the Hollis tax- lists in 1758; enlisted April 19, 1775, and was ensign ,it second lieutenant in the company of Captain Dow at Bunker Hill ; removed after the war to Hancock, as is supposed. ( laptain Jotham Cumings, son of Jerahmael Cum- ings, and a younger brother of Henry Cumings, D.D., of Billerica, Mass.; born December 19, 1741. He was a soldier in the French War in 1758; married Anna Brown, of Hollis, April 27. 1763; removed from Hol- lis to Plymouth. X. H., in 17(14: was lieutenant in a company of New Hampshire rangers in 1775, and was for manj years a deacon of the Plymouth Church ; died at Plymouth, April 1, 1808, aged sixty-six. William Cumings was born in Groton, .Mass., Oc- tober 2. 1741; came to Hollis about the year L760; married Mehitabel Eastman, of Hollis, June 28, L768; was master of the Hollis Grammar School in 1775 and for many years after; was town clerk and first gelectman in Mollis In 1771 and L772, and again from 1782 to 1788, inclusive; enlisted in the army in 1776, and again in 1777. About the year 1790 he removed to Hebron, X. H., where he died 0< tobei 2, 1831, aged ninety. Captain Reuben Dow came from Salem, N. EL, and was in Hollis in 1761, and selectman in 1769 and 1770; lieutenant of the Hollis militia company in Jan- nary, 1775; chosen captain of the Hollis company of Minute-Men that went to Cambridge, April 19, 177"'; commissioned as captain of the Hollis company in Colonel William Prescott's regiment, Ma) 19, 177".; wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill, and was after- wards a United States pensioner for life. He was chairman of the Hollis Committee of Safety in 1776, and representative to the New Hampshire General Court in 1778. His two sons, Evan and Stephen, were Revolutionary soldiers ; died February 11,1811, aged eighty-one. Lieutenant Amos Eastman was a son of Amos East- man, Sr.; born in Pennacook (now Concord), N. EL, April 28, 1751, and came to Hollis with his father about the year 1759; married Ruth Flagg, of Hollis, January 6, 1774; enlisted April 19, 17.75, and again in 1776, in the regiment of Colonel Gilman. He was for many years a justice of the peace, and town clerk and first selectman in 1806; died August 2, 1832, aged eighty-one. In the year 1752 his father, Amos Eastman, Sr., then living at Pennacook, being on a hunting expedi- tion in the northerly part of New Hampshire, with General John Stark and others, was, with Stark, taken prisoner by the Indians, and both of them taken to an Indian village in Canada. On their ar- rival at the village both the captives were compelled to run the gauntlet between two tiles of savages, each armed with a switch or club with which to strike them as they passed between the lines. Stark, as is said, escaped with but slight injury, but Eastman was cruelly beaten, and was afterwards sold to a French master, kindly treated by him, and soon after re- deemed and went home. Captain Daniel Emerson, son of Rev. Daniel Em- erson, born in Hollis December 15, 1746. Married Ama Fletcher, November 17, 1768. Chosen deacon of the Hollis Church in 1775. Appointed coroner and high sheriff of Hillsborough County in 1776. He was captain of the Hollis company that went to Ticonderoga in July of that year, and was also cap- tain of the company enlisted in Hollis in June, 1777, upon the Ticonderoga alarm. He was also, in 1778. captain of a mounted Hollis company that went to Rhode Island in the summer of that year, and also of a company in Colonel Mooney's regiment, raised for defense of Rhode Island in 1779. Captain Emerson was town clerk and first selectman in 1780 and 1781. A member of the New Hampshire Council in 1787, of the New Hampshire Constitutional Convention in 1791, and a representative to the New Hampshire General Court in nineteen different years, between 1780 and 1812. His two oldest sons. Rev. Daniel Emerson, Jr.. and Rev. Joseph Emerson, were grad- uates of Harvard; his third son, Rev. Ralph Emer- son, D.D., of Yale. His youngest son, William, was colonel of the regiment to which Hollis was attached, and was for many years a deacon of the Hollis Church. The following epitaph is inscribed on the tomb- stone of Captain Emerson in the Hollis central burial- •-ii. Asa Defender "t Fl I<>m, As a Magistrate and Legislator, Asa friend of the Pour And asa Zealous Promoter of the Redeemer's Kingdom, He rested from liis labors o, tobei i, 1820, st, 11 Dr. Peter Emerson, second son of Rev. Daniel Emerson, born in Hollis November 30, 1749. Ap- pointed surgeon of the regiment ot Colonel Mooney in 1779. Settled as a physician in Hillsborough, X. II., and died at Hillsborough in 1827, aged seventy- eight. Lieutenant Ralph Emerson, son of Rev. Daniel Emerson, born March 4, 1761. Enlisted July, 1776, at the age of fifteen, in his brother's company for the defense of Ticonderoga. In April, 1777, he enlisted in the Continential army for three years. Married Alice Ames, May 13, 1784. On his tombstone in the Hollis burial-ground is the following inscription: - Kir, ted to thi Mr > "I Lieut. Ralph E reon, W 1im v..ls in-talitly lollr.l 1>\ tin- ar< i.l.'liral diseharyr ol a raniiuii whih- . \r!< i-liil; the niatross. October 4, IT'."', in the aiith yeai "1 his a-e w . drop apace, And some 'he -n>l^ of fortune sweep away. Captain Caleb Farley was bom in Billerica, Ma-., October 19, 1730. Married Elizabeth Farley, October 11, 1754. He was a soldier from Billerica in the French War of 1755, and came to Hollis in November, 176."., and was selectman in 1767. He enlisted in 1776 in the regiment of Colonel Pierce Long lor New York and Canada, and in 1778 he was lieutenant in Captain Emerson's mounted company, enlisted in Hollis for the defense of Rhode Island. Died in Hollis, April 5, 1833, aged one hundred ami two years, five months. Minot Farmer, son of Benjamin Farmer, born 1750. Enlisted April 19, 1775, in the Hollis company of Minute-Men, in which he was a sergeant, and he was also a sergeant in the company of Captain Dow at the battle of Bunker Hill. Married Abigail Barrop, September 15, 1775. In the fall or winter of 1775 he enlisted in General Arnold's expedition to Canada; was taken prisoner in the attack on Quebec, and died in captivity, May 9, 1776, aged twenty-six. He is supposed to have held the rank of ensign. 452 HISTOHY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Captain John Goss was born at Salisbury, Mass., February 13, 1739. His name firsl appears on the Hollis tax-lists iii 1770. Married Catharine Conant, of Hollis, February 10, 1774, and was selectman in Hollis the same year. He was lieutenant in the Hollis company of Minute-Men that went t < > Cambridge April 19, 1770, and also in the Hollis company at the battle of Bunker Hill. In the year 1777 he was the captain of the Hollis company that went to Benning- ton. About the year 1805 he removed with his family to Hardwick, Vt., where he died September 26, 1821, aged eighty-two. Colonel John Hale was bom in Sutton, Mass., ( >C- tober 24, 1731. Settled as a physician in Hollis at the age of about twenty-four. He was assistant surgeon, in 1755, in the regiment of Colonel Joseph Blanchard, in the French War, and surgeon in Colonel Hart's reg- iment, in 1758, in the same war. He was representa- tive to the New Hampshire General Court from Hollis and Dunstable from 1762 to 1768. In 1767 he was lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Regiment of the New Hampshire Militia, and colonel of the same regiment in 1775, aud the same year he was representative from Hollis to the New Hampshire General Court, and also to the New Hampshire Provincial ( longress. He was surgeon of the First New Hampshire Continental Regiment from 1776 to 1780, and a member of the New Hampshire Council in the year last named. After the war was ended he continued in the practice of his profession in Hollis, in which he was distin- guished till his death, in 1791. His three sons— John, Jr., David and William — were all soldiers in the war. The following epitaph is inscribed on his tombstone in the central bun irig-ground : " Erei ted 1- the Memory ol 1'.. John Hale, u i,.. wae born 0ctober2l, 1731, Died October 22, 1791. How mioii ,,ni new -I i li-lil attain- I., lull a-cl ' And that UOW BOon tn -rav-liailr.l li-M ' w c spring, v\ . ■ bud, we i>i"-s md we blast lav u, ran count "iir -lays, they t1\ sn la-t. Dr. William Hale, son of Colonel John Hale, born in Hollis July l'7, 1762. Enlisted for three years in the Continental army, April, 1777, when in his fif- teenth year. After his discharge from the army he studied medicine with his father and succeeded him in his practice. He was a man of great energy, and had a large practice in his profession. Hied October 10, 1854, aged ninety-two, and he is said to have been the last survivor of the twelve hundred men whose names are found on the rolls of the First New Hamp- shire Continental Regiment. Colonel David Hobart, son of Peter Hobart and grandson of Gershom Hobart, the third minister of Groton, Mass., born in Groton, August 21, 1722. Settled in that part of Hollis known as "One-Pine Hill " about 174*. ami was a sergeant in the company of Captain Powers in the French War in 1755. He was one of the grantees of Plymouth, N. H., and oneof the first settlers of that town. His name last appears on the Hollis tax-lists in 1765. In 1777 he was colonel of the Twelfth New Hampshire Regiment of Militia, and had command of a New Hampshire regiment under General Stark at the battle of Bennington, where he greatly distinguished himself for his gallan- try and good conduct, for which he received due eom- mendation from General Stark in his report of the battle. In that battle Colonel Hobart, with Colonel Stiekney, led the attack against the Tory breast-work on the right, where the contest was most desperate, — the Tories, it is said, "lighting like tigers," and neither asking nor giving quarter. Colonel Hobart, having lost his wife, after the war removed to Haverhill, Mass., married a second wife, and died soon after at Haverhill. The name of this heroic officer is erro- neously spelt "Hubbard" in Belknap's "History of New Hampshire," as it also was said to have been in General Stark's report of the battle. Colonel Samuel Hobart, a younger brother of Colonel David Hobart, born in Groton August 11, 1734. Settled in Hollis during the French War of 1755; was a sergeant in that war in 1758; adjutant of Colonel Goffe's regiment in 1700, and an ensign in 1761. In 17H7 he was major of the Fifth New Hamp- shire Regiment of Militia; representative to the Genera] Court from Hollis for six years, from 1768 to 1774. In the year hist named was appointed colonel of the Second New Hampshire Regiment ofMinute- Men, ami was a delegate from Hollis to the New Hampshire Provincial Congress. Upon the organiza- tion of Hillsborough County, in 1771, he was a] 'pointed register of deeds, county treasurer and one of the justices of the County Court. In 1775 he was appointed muster-master and also paymaster of the New Hamp- shire regiments at Cambridge. In 1777 he contracted with the State government to manufacture gunpowder tor the State, and removed from Hollis to Exeter. Was representative to the General Court from Exeter in 1777 and 1778, and a member of the State Com- mittee of Safety in 1779 and 1780. Anna Hobart, the fust wife of Colonel Hobart, died in Hollis May 20, 177". A Iter he removed from Hollis he continued to reside in Exeter for several years after the war; mar- ried a second time, and finally removed to Kingston, N.H., where he died June 4, 1798, aged sixty-three. Lieutenant Ebenezer Jewett, son of Deacon Na- thaniel Jewett, horn 174:!, enlisted in June, 1777, in the company of Captain Emerson, on the Ticonderoga alarm, and in 1780 in the company of Captain Bar- ron, regiment of Colonel Nichols, for the defense of West Point, in which company he was lieutenant. Was selectman in 1782. He married Mary Rideout in 1793. Died October 6, 1826* aged eighty-three. Deacon Stephen Jewett, Jr., son of Deacon Ste- phen Jewett, born in Hollis October 4, 1753. En- listed in 1775 in the company of Captain Worcester for ( Jambridge, and in 177li in the company oft 'aptain Reed for White Plains. Married Elizabeth Pool, HOLLIS. 453 November 16, 177-;. Chosen deacon of the Hollia Church, 1805. Died February 22, 1829, aged seventy- five. Captain Daniel Kendrick, born 1736, son of Daniel Kendriek. Selectman in 1777., 1776 and 1777. Mem- be) of the Hollis Committee .if Safety in 1776 and 1777. Enlisted in Captain Emerson's mounted com- pany for Rhode Island in 1778. Married Mary Pool, February 13, 1782. His eldest son, Daniel, was a graduate of Brown University. His youngest, Wil Ham P., of Harvard. Died May 20, 1790, aged ftfl j three. Ensign Samuel Leenian, Jr., son of Samuel Lee- man, born in Hollis August 7, 1749. Enlisted April 19, 1775. Was at the battle of Bunker Hill, in the company of Captain Spalding, regiment of Col 1 Reed. Enlisted in 177*1 in the Continental army, and again in the Continental army in 1777, in the com- pany of Captain Frye, First New Hampshire Regi- ment, in which lie was ensign. Killed at the battle near Saratoga, October in. 1777, aged twenty-eight. Ensign William Nevins, Jr., son of William Nevins, born in Hollis July 2(1, 1746. Married Re- becca Chamberlain, March 24, 1768. Enlisted April 19, 1775, and was sergeant, and also a sergeant in the company of Captain Dow at Bunker Hill. Enlisted in 1776, for one year, in the Continental army. Died in New York, 1776, aged thirty. Dr. Jonathan Pool, son of Eleazer Pool, born at Woburn September 5, 1758. Studied medicine with Colonel John Hale, in Hollis. Was assistant surgeon in the First New Hampshire Regiment from 1776 to 1780. Married Elizabeth Hale, daughter of Colonel John Hale, December 7, 1780, and settled as a phy- sician in Hollis, where he died July 25, 1797, aged thirty-eight. Captain Robert Seaver, born 174:1; name first on the Hollis tax-lists in 1767. Enlisted April 19, 1775; was lieutenant in Captain Worcester's companj for Cambridge in 1775, and also in Captain Emerson's company in June, 1777. Died November '■'<. 1828, aged eighty-five. Captain William Tenney was the son of William and Anna Tenney, and was born in Hollis March 17, 1755. April 19, 1775, he enlisted in the company of the Hollis Minute-Men; and in December, 1775, in the company of Captain Worcester, for Cambridge ; and again, in 1776, in that of Captain Reed, for White Plains. Married Phebe Jewett in 1776, by whom he had ten children, — five sons and five daugh- ters. His Bons Caleb Jewett and William were graduates of Dartmouth. Died June 16, 1806, aged fifty-one. His youngest son, Hon. Ralph E. Tenney, born October 5, 1790, settled as a farmer in Hollis, upon his paternal homestead. He was for many years a justice of the peace and quorum, and was frequently elected by his townsmen to offices of honor ami trust. For his first wife he married olive Brown, of Hollis, November 12,1812, by whom be bad one daughter. After her decease be married, August 14, 1818, for his second wife, Miss Phebe C. Smith, bom in Dra- cut, Mass., June 2, 1790. At an early age Miss Smith went to Merrimack, N. II., to reside with her step- father, Simeon Cumings, Esq., upon whose decease shecame to Hollis with her mother, to care lor her in her declining years. She was afterwards, in her ear- lier years, widely known in Hollis as an excellenl and popular school-teacher, and as an assistant of Mr. Ambrose Could in bis store. She bad by Mr. Tenney a family of nine children, ami upon her marriage became an honored wife and a devoted, faithful and beloved mother. She was also a kind neighbor and an efficient and cheerful helper in works of benevolence and charity. War of 1812.— The following from Mollis were in this war: Jacob Hobart, Benj. Ranger, Abel Brown, William X. Lovejoy, Isaac Hardy, William Emerson, Daniel Lawrence, Jr., Phineas Cumings, Leonard Blood, I. Butterfield, John Butterfield, John Crew, II. Kendall, David Powers, E. Burge, Jr., and N. Hobart. War of theRebellion.— The following enlisted from Hollis during the War of the Rebellion: First Rebimi v i . William F. French, enlisted Company F. May 3, 18G1 ; mustered out lilgusl 9, 1801. Asa \\ Jaquith, enlisted Com) v F, May 3, 1861 ; mustered out \n Second Regiment. SamuelJ. Beard, enlisted June 5, 1861, Company G ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., .luue -Ja, IKI',J ; ihsrlnir|;eil fur disability I lube. '' 1, 1861 ; mustered out June 1862 <; ge Worcester, enlisted Compai 21, 1864, . . G ley, appointed h Want surgeon May 3, lwa i-. -- .i - n.-. I June 3, 1861 ; appointed assistant surgeon F th New Hampshire Regiment August 1. 18G1 ; i ted to surgeon October 8,1862; honorably discharged October 23, 1864. Third Regiment. The Hollis soldiers whose names appear below enlisted in Company F of this regiment, August 23, 1861 : Stillman Bl I, re-enlisted February 13,1864; mustered out May 15, lieutenant Third South Carolina Volunte. i- Ji - L. Chase, wounded .1 15, 1862 : i nlisted I • bruary i I, 1864 Leonard Conroy, mustered out August 23, 1864. Caleb Davis, wounded August in, isr.l ; mustered ""l Anun-l 2:1, lsi',4. .I,.l I >..licrty, discharged fur disability Sc[iloiiihei I."., I r.j Fourth Regiment. PerleyJ Jewett died of disease at Morris Island, S. C, 1 William Mah-lieM, mustered (Mil September 27, ISI'.t. Seventh Regiment. This regiment was enlisted and had its rendezvous at Manchester, and was mustered into the United States service December 14, 1861, under Colonel Haldimand S. Putnam, of Cornish. Colonel Put- nam was killed July 18, 1863, in the assault on Fort Wagner, and was succeeded in the command by Colo- nel Joseph C. Abbott, of Manchester. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. m-d captain of ' oiiipauv II I) mber 14, bin, sergeant December 14, 1861 ; mustered 26, 1862. Nathan M Ames, ci 1861 ; mustered Mark J. Austin, promoted out December 22, lsi',4. Henry Ball, accidentally killed himself at Beaufort, - George 11. Bartemus, mustered out December 22, 1864. John P. Hills, killed at Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. John F. Boynton, wounded at Olustee, Fla., February Jl, 1SU4 ; re-en- listed February '2s. lsoi, promoted to corporal ,1am,. promoted to sergeant June V.',, isijo ; mustered out duly 20, 1S65. i harles II Burge dis harp ■•! t.u disability at st \i u;U stine. I la , Janu- ary 4, 1863. George \ Burge, promoted t irporal May 25, 1862; promoted to ser- geant December 'J, lsii:; ; mustered out December 22. l-'l John A. t'oburn, promoted to fourth sergeant December 14, lsi',1 ; Inst sergeant December28, 1863; re-enlisted veteran February 28, 1864 ; promoted t.i captain Company E I> •ruber 12. lsii. mustered out July 20, 1865. Edward S. Colburn, transferred to Invalid Corps Man h 29 1864 Jodab I o li.u in. wounded at IVi mu.i.. linn I Va , May 2d, 1864; mus- tered out Decembei n. 1864. Daniel \v. Colburn, promoted to corporal Decembei 14, Isoi ; died ol disease, at Hollis, Febrna: f, 28, 1862 Henry M. 11. Pay, promoted to corporal December II. IS01 ; wounded at nin. lee, Fla., February 20, 1864; mustered out December 22, 1864. Kli.ne/.i P [iun.klee.ili-. haige.i t,.r disability February, 18112. Benjamin L. Farley, discharged for disability at Fort Jefferson Fla., June 26, 1862. I hall..- II tarlev. promoted to til -I set geanl Decemb. r 14. 1S01 ; see.uul lieutenant June 3i>, lS',2 ; tiret lieutenant August I'., lsii:: ; wounded mortally at Olustee. Fla., February 20, [sill Charles H.Fletcher, died of disease at Beaufort, S I Ugusl 10 1862 Iianiel \V. Heyden, promoted t . . corporal Decembei 5, 1862 ; wounded at Fort Wagner July IS, 1*113; promoted t.. -eigeant February 3, lso,4 . wounded at Olustee, Fla, February 20, 1864; discharged lor disa- bility April 2'.'. 1864. John w llay.leti, promoted t.. corporal December 1 1. 1 36] died ot dis ,,,.,. at Ne„. York City, February s . 1862. I Newton Hayden, wounded May 14, 1861 ; mustered out December 22, l.stll Olustee l'i' i.'.niMi. -lied ot . John II. Worcester, pr ted to sec to first lieutenant. hue lo.lM.J; i,,..| tally u, allele, I .1 uly 18, 1863, at Foit Wagnei died o( wounds July 26, 1863, William Worcester, mustered out December 22, 18114. EzraS. Wright, mustered out December 22. 1864. Nathaniel H.Wright, died oi disease at st. Augustine, Fla., Novembei 27, 1862. Eighth Ri Albert S. Austin, Company E, enlisted December 2oth ; transferred to Vet- eran Reserve Corps April IS, 1864. Andrew [[. tenant, Company E, enlisto.l Decembei 2"th : promoted to corporal February 14, ISO:; : re-enlisted January 4, 1st,; Hi,-, I at \,,l. hi .'. ttiss., o.tober 10, 1865. Freeman Elkins, Coiupanv F. enlisted Decembei 20th; discharged lor disability at Ship Island, Miss., April 111. 1862. James W. D. Jones, Company A, enlisted October 25th ; diedal Camp Kearney-, la . Octoh I 26, I 562 Joseph T. Patch, i' pany A. enlisted ' ictober 2ath ; .liseharge.l for di-a- bility : died at Nashua July 18, 1863. Fifteenth Regiment. This regiment was raised lor nine months, ami was mustered into service November 12, 1862. The names of the Hollis men are presented in the following list : Uberl F Hills, wounded out Decembei 21, 1864, Alfred F. Hills, mustered out Decembei 22, I set. Jonathan B. Hobart, die.! of disease at \].e it.- Man. I, si, \ujrust 23 1863. Frank I'. 11 1, wounded at Fort Wagnei July, I- accouni oi wounds Sovi mbei .in,,.- i Howard, wounded at Fat Wagnei Jul) out December 22, ISi'.l. Norman K. Howe, promote.lt rporal De,eml„,| I ease at Beaufort, S. ('., August [5, L862. George D. Jaquith, mustered out Decembei _•■>, ls.1-1 Flail, i- I.ovclov, plolllote.1 to third -ergealit Dec. mber 14. 1S01 ; to second lieutenant August 6, 1863 lorablj discharged April 28, 1864. John Lund, discharged foi disabilitj at Fort Jefferson, Fla. June 20. 1862. William Lund, transferred to Veteran Eeservi Corps March !9, 1864; mustered out Heeembei 22, 1864. Stephen II 1'ie I la] December 14, lstll ; re-enlisle.l veteran February 2S, lsi'.l ; mustered out July 2D, Is,'.:. Charles G. Rideout, mustered out Decembei 22, 1864 Freeman II. Smith, discharged for disability at Fort Jefferson, July 20, Winslovv J. Spalding, pr led to c..r|...ri! October 1'C 1 to sergeant ; captured at Fort Wagnei July 18, [863 [anual | .'1, 1864 . mustered out 1 mber 22, 1864. Nathaniel L. Truell, promoted to corporal December 14, Isu] : muster,-, I out December 22. 1S04. Charles II. Wone-toi, pi te.l I Ijioial I cnibei 14, lsi'.l ; to ser- •.■ant October 'J, ISO:'.; wounded near Richmond, Va n. tot. i 1 1.SC.4 ; milSlele.l ..111 I leCCIl |] .e | 22, 1 Sill . Charles F. Idi burn CharlesS Hardy, Samuel Pond, Frank E Smith, John C. - F. Teiiney , [saa GeorgeH \n ,, Caleb W. Chamberlain, \i c 7,1- Haii-com, Isaac Hardy, John H. Hull, Granville I'. Patch, Aaron David J Rideout, Freeman H. it Hollis August lo. I-. : ■• U Will, .to. nine, II Willoby, I i.hi. i. V. \\ 1 SI 1 belli, .cot OTHER HOLLIS SOLDIERS ENLISTED 1\ 1862 HenryG. Cameron, enlisted Company I, Thirteenth Regiment. Septem- ber 2o, lsi.2; promoted p, sergeant . dwharged for disability at Fal- mouth, Va, Januarj 14,1863 Frank N Chi I., ring, - olisb .1 I omp my B, Second E i , August 21 |M,e; promote. 1 to sergeant, WollleleJ JllOe ',, |>l,4: 1 1 1 11 ste|o, I oil t liioe'., 1865. John G J oh. eiiii-t. .1 company H, Seventh Regiment Mai b 11 lsi; _• . niuMeio.I out \pril -I I- 1 Haii.1T. Roby, enlisted Company I, Tbirleeiith Regiment, September 20, Is,;.; Wolllale.lSeptenibel ill. [Sot. 1 1 n 1-te I e, 1 out J ,1 1 e I. ■ Peter Smithvvick, enlisted Company E, Thirteenth Regiment, S. pi 20, lsi.2 ; 1 1 .u.-i; t i.-.l i.. Veteran Reserve Corps March 31, 1864. Joseph Sullivan, enlisted Company 11. Tenth Regiment, vvugusl 25, I -<2 mustered out Maj 16, 1865. John L. Woods, enlisted August 21, 1862, Companj B, Second Regiment ; I,., harged foi disability Junt ENLISTED \ND DRAFTED IN 1863. PatiickBakei enlisted Dece i 7, 1863, Company 11, Seventh Regi- i a.. i-t. red . hi Jul) 2". 1865 Joseph Bus., eiiliste. I Decembei 7, lsn.;, i oinpauy \, Twelfth Regiment ; .b, -l..t diseaa at Fori Moi Va., 0. tobei 1.:. 1st. I. Jason w. Hills, enlisted lugust 14, 1863, Companj \. Heavy Artillery ; Charles A. Hal. . ub-i .1 n.o is is,, :. Company ll.Seveiui wounded Jul] 18, [863, at Fort Wagner; May 1'). 1864, at Drurj - Bluff, Va. . June 10, lsol, at Bermuda Hundred, Va. ; mustered Out July 20, 1865. Harvey M. Hall, enlisted Novembei 4, is. i.c.mpuiiy c. Ninth Regi- ment ; di.,1 ..I disease at Washington, D. C, Septi mber 1, 1864. Hiram R. Kendall, drafted September 1, 1S03, Company G. Eighth Regi- ment; died of disease at Matches!, Miss., Novembei ;, isut John F. Boynton, John A. Coburn and S. H. Price re-enlisted in 1864. The following also enlisted this year: C. S. Hamblet, Aaron Pond and Charles F. • lhase. Soldiers' Monument.— The soldiers' monument was erected at a cost of $2120.77, ami was dedicated May 30, 1873. It is twenty-two and one-half feet in HOLLIS. 455 height. On the west side is the following- inscrip- tion: "In honor of the Hollis soldiers who fell in the Wars of 1775 and in 1812;" and on the east side are inscribed the names of the Hollis soldiers who lost their lives in the Rebellion, as follows: 1st Lieut. Julu: 1st Lieut. Chas i 'urp. Webster Corp. John W. Henry Ball. .1 .1. .Mil Bills. James W. D. Jones. Hiram R. Kendall. Joseph T. Putcli. John C. Smith. -.; i.i r Wheeler. Nathaniel H. Wright. John H. Worcester Post, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized April 1, 1875, in Lieutenant J. H.Worcester, who was mortal!; in the assault on Fort Wagner. July 18, 181 Hindi' BIOGRAPHICAL SKET< 3J I . JOSF.PII K. WOHCKSTEH, I, I, .11. Joseph E. Worcester, LL.D., son of Jesse and Sarah (Parker) Worcester, was born in Bedford, N.H., August 24, L784, and in 1794, when in his tenth ! year, came to Hollis with his parents. His youth, till the age of majority, was passed in agricultural labor on bis father's farm in Hollis; but he early manifested an ardent love of knowledge, and availed himself of every attainable means for mental im- provement. After reaching his majority be pre- pared himself for college, partly at the academy in Salisbury, N. II., and in part at Phillips Academy, in Andover, and entered the sophomore class at Yale in 1809, and graduated at Vale in 1811. After leaving college he was for several years employed as a teacher of a private Bchool at Salem, Mass.; he afterwards passed two years at Andover, Mass., and in 1819 re- moved to Cambridge, where he devoted himself to literary pursuits and to the preparation for the press of bis numerous and valuable publications, till bis decease, October 27, 1865, aged eighty-one years. He was married, June 29, 1841, to Amy Elizabeth Mc- Kean (who still survives), daughter of Rev. Joseph McKean, D.D., formerly professor of rhetoric and oratory at Harvard College. The first literary work of Dr. Worcester was his " Universal Gazetteer, Ancient and Modem,'' in two volumes octavo, of near one thousand pages each, published at Andover in 1817 ; the next, a "Gazetteer of the United States," one volume octavo, of three hundred and seventy-two pages, published in 1818. This was followed in 1819 by his " Elements of Geog- raphy, Ancient and Modern, with an Atlas," a work Wnn.-t.r'- llw-n >.t ll.illi- that was received with such favor that it passed through several stereotype editions. In 1823 this geography was succeeded by an illustrated work, in two volumes duodecimo, entitled " Sketches of the Earth and its Inhabitants." In 1825, upon being elected a member of the American Academy, he communicated to that association an elaborate essay entitled "Remarks upon Longevity," which w:is pub- lished with the memoirs of the academy. His " Ele- ments of Ancient and Modern History," with an " Historical Atlas," appeared in 1826,— a work from that time to the present very extensively used as a standard text-book in our public High Schools and academies. His first work in lexicography was an edition of "Johnson's Dictionary, combined with Walker's Pronunciation," an octavo volume of eleven hun- dred and fifty-six pages, first published in 1828. In 1829, against bis own inclination, be was induced, through the persistent urgency of the publisher of ■ Webster's Quarto Dictionary " (who was his personal friend), to prepare an abridgment of that work, a task to which he was strongly averse and at first re- fused, a refusal to which he afterwards regretted that he did not adhere. This work appeared in 1830 in an octavo volume of one thousand and seventy-one pages, into which he incorporated much valuable matter which he had prepared for bis own diction- aries. The same year he published the first edition of his "Comprehensive Dictionary," a duodecimo volume of four hundred and twenty pages. This work was the first of bis own dictionaries, and at once had an extensive sale and soon passed through many editions. In 1831 he made a voyage to Europe, where he spent many months in visiting places of interest and in the collection of works in the departments of philology and lexicography, for use in his future pub- lications. Upon his return from Europe he became the editor of the "American Almanac," a statistical, closely- printed duodecimo annual, each number containing . about three hundred and fifty pages, which he con- tinued to edit for eleven years with his accustomed care and fidelity. In 1846 his " Universal and ( Irit- ical Dictionary " was first published,— a large, closely- printed royal octavo volume of one thousand and thirty-one pages, and also, the same year, his "Ele- mentary School Dictionary." : In 1847, Dr. Worcester was threatened with total loss of sight. His eyes had yielded to his long, un- broken intellectual labor, and for two years he was nearly blind. In the meanwhile three operations were performed on his right eye, which became wholly blind, and two on the left eye, which was happily saved. Afterthe partial recover} ofhissighl Dr. Worcester published the following works: 1850, ' Primary Dictionary for Public Schools," 16mo, 384 pp., revised edition, I860. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. L855, "Academic Dictionary," tor High Schools and academies, duodecimo, -"• t ; -~> pp. 1857, "Pronouncing Spelling-Book," duodecimo, 180 it- 1859, "Quarto Dictionary of the English Language," with 1000 illustrations, 1284 pp. 1860, "Elementary Dictionary," revised edition, duodecimo, 400 pp. |si;o, "( 'oiii[ireliensi\e Dictionary," revised edi- tion, duodecimo, 612 pp. 1864, " i lomprehensive Spelling-Book," duodecimo, 156 pp. From a memoir of Dr. Worcester, read before the American Academy by Ezra Abbot, LL.D., libra- rian of Harvard College, a few lines are here trans- cribed, presenting an estimate of his literary labors by one who was familiar with them, — " All the works of Dr. Worcester (says the author of his memoir) give evidence of sound judgment and good taste, combined with indefatigable industry and a con- scientious solicitude for accuracy in the statement of facts. The tendency of his mind was practical, rather than speculative. "Asa lexicographer, he did not undertake to re- form the anomalies of the English language. His aim was rather to preserve it from corruption. In regard to both orthography and pronunciation, he took great pains to ascertain the best usage, and per- haps there is no lexicographer whose judgment re- specting these matters in doubtful cases deserves higher consideration." Dr. Worcester was a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, of the American Academy, of the American Oriental Society, and an honorary member of the Royal Geographical Society of Lon- don. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Brown University in 1847, and from Dartmouth College in 1856. In a biographical sketch of Dr. Worcester, by Hon. George S. Hillard, it is said of him, — " His long and busy life was passed in unbroken literary toil. Though his manners were reserved and his habits retiring, his affections were strong, and benevolence was an ever- active principle in his nature. . . . He was a stranger to the impulses of passion and the sting of ambition. His life was tranquil, happy and useful. A love of truth ami a strong sense of duty were leading traits in his character. Little known, except by name, to the general public, he was greatly honored and loved by that small circle of relatives and friends who had constant opportunities of learning the warmth of his affections and the strength of his virtues." HISTORY OF HUDSON. CHAPTER I. Boundaries— Tn|io|;rapli.v — Forests— Wild Animals— Ponds and Streams —Employments— Dunstable— Settlement of Londonderry — London- deny Claim— Hills' Giant— Joseph Hills— His Will— Samuel Hills- Hills' Garrison— Blodgett's Garrison— Taylor's Garrison-Fletcher's Garrison. Hudson is situated east of the Merrimack River, and borders upon the Massachusetts line. It is bounded north by Litchfield and London- derry, east by Windham and Pelham, south by Tyngsborough, Mass., and west by Nashua and Litch- field. The Merrimack River — a beautiful stream, from three hundred and fifty to five hundred feet wide- - separates it from the city of Nashua and forms its western border from Litchfield to the Massachusetts line, a distance of about six and one-half miles. Its extreme length from north to south is a little more than eight miles, its average width about three and one-half miles, and contains seventeen thousand nine hundred and fifty-one acres, exclusive of water. The Merrimack at this point is raised from four to six feet above its original level by the dam at Paw- tucket Falls, at Lowell, which causes a flowage as far north as ( Iromwell's Falls, a distance of about twenty miles, and covers all the falls between those two points. The surface of the westerly part of the town is com- paratively level, and bordering upon the Merrimack are some very fertile and productive intervale lands, where, especially at the northerly part, the Indians cultivated small fields of corn before the first settle- ments were made by the whites. Some of the land along the river is sandy and less productive, and other sandy plains abound to some extent. The easterly part of the town is hilly, rocky and hard to cultivate, yet in the valleys and upon the slopes of some of the hills are good, strong, productive soils and many excellent farms, which are especially adapted to the production of grass, the apple ami other fruits. The sandy soils and rocky hills, many of which are entirely unfit for cultivation, are very productive in the growth of wood and timber, which, being near market, long have been, and for generations to come probably will continue to be, a source of considerable profit and income to the inhabitants of Hudson. For many years past the white pine has been the most profitable timber, and naturally thrives best and makes the most rapid growth upon sandy soils; yet some of the best pine timber in town may be found growing among the rocks. The hard pine is also a common forest growth on the plains, but, as compared with the white pine, is of but little value for timber. Oak of several kinds, walnut, soft maple, gray birch and poplar thrive on the hard, rocky soils, ami some spruce and hackmatack may be found in the swamps. About forty per cent, of the area of the town is covered with forest growth, much of it young, and very little that has been growing more than fifty years. The first settlers found here an almost unbroken forest of a heavy growth of white and pitch-pine, oak, maple, walnut and other species, which was long since cleared away. Some of the early settlers were engaged for many years in collecting turpentine, by " boxing " the large pines, which, after being put into barrels, was floated down the river and shipped to England. The moose, deer, wolf, beaver, otter, mink, musk- rat, squirrel, wild turkey, partridge and other wild animals were found here, and salmon, shad, alewives and lamprey eels were abundant in the Merrimack. " Deer- Keepers " were elected as late as 1784, and bounties of six pounds each, for killing wolves, were paid in 1752. The last moose known to have been in town was killed by Asa Davis, Esq., in Moose Swamp, at the east end of Hill's meadow, some time, probably, about the beginning of the present century, although the exact date is unknown. One of the horns of this animal is still preserved by the descendants of Mr. Davis. Barrett's Hill, in the northeast part of the town, is the highest elevation, being about five hundred feet above the sea-level. Three ponds are within the limits of the town. Little Massabesic, in the northeast part, and until 1778 in Londonderry, covers a surface of about one hundred acres and empties into Beaver Brook. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. » Itternick — more commonly called " Tarnic " — lies about one mile east of the Merrimack, contains thirty- eight acres and empties into the river by Otternick Brook, about eighty rods below Taylor's Falls bridge. Several mills have been built upon this stream at various times, from its outlet at the pond to near the .Merrimack. The first saw-mill erected in town is said to have been located at the outlet of Otternick Pond as early as 1710. There is now on this stream a saw and grist- mill and a file-shop. The name was derived from an Indian name, variously given in the ancient records as Wattannick, Wataanuck, Watananock, Watana- nuck, Watannack, etc. Musquash is a small pond in the south part of the town, out of which Hows a stream of the same name, which empties into the river below the State line in Tyngsborough, Mass. This stream has furnished power for a saw andgrist-mill from the time of the early settlements to the present. The water-power in this town is very limited, and no extensive manufacturing interests have ever been located within its borders; consequently the inhabit- ants of Hudson have always been, and are still, principally engaged in the pursuit of agriculture. It is essentially an agricultural town, and while, perhaps, it would not lie classed among the lust in the county, it is as good or better than the average. The city of Nashua furnishes a very convenienl market for much of the surplus products of the town, while Lowell, Mass., with a population of more than sixty thousand, is but about live miles distant from its southern boundary. The grant of the old township of Dunstable by the Genera] Court of Massachusetts, October 16 (Old Style), 177:'.. included all of Hudson. Londonderry was settled by Presbyterians of Scotch origin, from Ireland, in April, 1719. A tract of land not to exceed ten miles square was conveyed to them by a deed dated October 20, 1719, from John Wheelwright, grandson of the original claimant of the same name under the famous " Wheelwright Deed." The General Court of New Hampshire incor- porated the town of Londonderry, July 21, 1722. The boundaries of the town, as described in this charter, brought the southwest angle of Londonderry within less than two miles of Merrimack River, at a point about northeast from Taylor's Falls bridge, and from there the line ran due north by the needle eleven and one-half miles. This covered nearly ten thousand acres within the lines of Dunstable as granted by Massachusetts forty- nine years before, and about four thousand six hun- dred acres of this land are within the present limits of Hudson. Some controversy followed between the proprietors of Dunstable and Londonderry in relation to the ownership of the land included in both towns, and long known as " Londonderry Claim." This controversy did not reach a final settlement until the province line between Massachusetts and New Hampshire was finally established, in 1741, when— as these lands all fell within the limits of New Hampshire — the original boundaries of Lon- donderry were recognized and sustained by the Gen- eral Court of that province. The first and only grant of land within the present limits of this town, made prior to the incorporation of Dunstable— so far as I have been able to learn— was five hundred acres laid out to Joseph Hills, of Maiden, and surveyed by Jonathan Danforth in 1661. This survey was not acceptable to the court by rea- son of its being " in three places, and so much length on the river." This grant was made, as stated by Mr. Hills, in his request lor a second survey, " on a double considera- tion, for £33 6s. Sd., laid down in England, and for services to the country." A second survey was ordered by the General Court, and a return made, of which the following is a copy : v i ordinf to tin ler of the General Court, tin- 14th Daj • >! the itl, month, 1662, There is added tmto the farm of Mr. Joseph Hill, of Mai- den, One hundred Arres of Ian. I joining tu the former Parcel, Back- ward from the Kiver : thence the Huttings and Boundinga of his farm "I.aye.l out to Mi. Joseph Hills, of Maiden, oiH'aei .-s ol Land in tin- Wilderness, On il . Easterd Side ol Uerri nack River. ■on,/ Pars. 1 ..I i i Acres, Joiuetb to Said Rivei Beginning at W; gainst the Island which Lyetb al Hi.- i Hi -I & uhuaySii 1;: up Merrimack 450 Poles by the Rivei in. n, i B r : : :']<;;: >\:\ tard mi The Bast 148 Poles, cut- it on the North, near M-.ni- -t 106 Poles unto a Pine Tree to Merrimack is 106 poles, all of which is Sufri iently Bounded by Ma feed Trees, the form <<( which DoesBettei Appeal bj a Plat Taken oi tl ■ Sann \1 te Other Pan el of the same, ah ut50 Acre* of Meadow, Lyetli South East of tin former Parcel, about 2 Miles Distant from it, Lying under the North East end of a great In] nil 1 !'i- overy hill. Also Bounded by othe -Pat hill.- mm lh.' \ ith West and North Eas1 , A Brook Running t i rough the Sanir. "Also there is VlluthlT Mr.ul"\V mlilfil into this Parcel. "Jonathan DaNFORTH. •'Surveyor." The first tract of this land, containing four hundred and fifty acres, commenced on the river about sixty rods above Taylor's Falls bridge, and extended up the river to the little brook on the farm now owned by Tyler Thomas, and included the best intervale lands in town. The second tract, of fifty acres, was in the large meadow known as " Hills' Meadow," and the last tract was on the brook east of Otternick Pond. This Joseph Hills was from .Maiden, Essex « 'otinty, England ; was in Charlestown, Mass., in 1638; removed to Maiden, where he was freeman in 1645 ; was Rep- resentative for Maiden 1647, 1650-56, and Speaker of the House in the earliest year. He was a lawyer, leader of the militia of the town and a man of much note; his descendants in this town at the present time, under different names, may be numbered by hundreds. HUDSON. 459 He was married four times, ami died in Newbury February 5, 1688, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. In his very lengthy and explicit will, dated Sep- tember, 1687, lie disposed of his "farm" in Dunstable in the following manner: To his daughter Hannah, the wife of Abial Long. he gave ninety acres of upland at the south end and ten acres of meadow. To his son Wait he gave forty-live acres of upland, next to that he gave to Hannah, and live aires of meadow, with the little island at the mouth of the Nashua River, and his six-aere piece of meadow. To his grandchildren, Hannah and Elizabeth Blanchard, he gave forty-five acres of upland and five acres of meadow ground, next to that he gave to Wait. To his son Gershom he gave a like quantity of upland and meadow, next to said Blanchard's. To Hannah Vinton and Samuel Greene, his grand- children, he gave each forty-five acres of upland and five acres of meadow, next to that he gave his son i rershom. To his granddaughter, Elizabeth, daughter of Ger- shom, he gave forty-six acres of upland ami live acres of meadow, next to that given to Vinton and Greene. All the remainder of his farm in Dunstable, both upland and meadow, he gave to his son Samuel. This Samuel Hills, son of Joseph by his second wife, and father of the first settlers of this town, was born in Maiden July, 1652; married, May 20, 1679, Abigail, daughter of David Wheeler, and had chil- dren in Newbury, — Samuel, born February 16, 1680; Joseph, July 21,1681 ; Nathaniel, February 9, 1683; Benjamin, October 16, 1684; Abigail, September 2, L686, died young; Henry, April 23, 1688; William. October 8, 1689; Josiab, July 27, 1691; John, September 20, 16°3; Abigail, June 27,1695; James and Hannah, twins, February 25, 1697 ; and Daniel, December 8, 1700. Three of these sons, according to tradition, were the first settlers in what is now Hudson, but from the records two only can be traced, — Nathaniel and Henry. They built a garrison and settled on the north part of the "Joseph Hills' farm," willed to their father, Samuel. This was known as the "Nathaniel Hills' Garrison," and for nearly twenty years it was the extreme northerly outpost, it being an unbroken wilderness between here and the Canada settlements. The exact date of this settlement is not certain, but the best evidence now to be obtained places it in 1710, which cannot be very far from correct, The garrison stood about twenty-five rods east of the Litchfield road, on the farm now owned by ( flifton M. Hills, oneof the descendants, about twenty rods east of the house, where a depression in the ground records the location of the first settlement in Hudson. The original farm, as willed to Samuel Hills, con- tained about eighty-nine acres, and included the- north part of the Pierce farm, the C. M. Hills farm and the south part of the Tyler Thomas farm, to near t lie mouth of tin- little brook at the river Nathaniel Hills also bought of Jonathan Tyng nine hundred acres of land between the north end of the Joseph Hills farm and the Brenton farm, on the north, which extended east from the river more than two miles. This included "Hills' Row," and this last tract was all in Litchfield -as incorporated in 1734, unless, as seems probable, the east end extended into Lon- donderry—until Nottingham West was incorporated by the General Court of New Hampshire, July 5, 174(1. These lands have always been known as "Hills' Farms." Captain John Lovewell and his party spent the first night at "Hills' Garrison" when on their march to Pequawket. Nathaniel was the only one of the brothers mar- ried for several years after they settled in the garri- son, and bis wife, Sarah, was the only white female resilient. Traditions have been handed down showing the heroism and bravery of this woman, and that once, at least, in the absence of all the men, the garrison was saved from falling into the hands of a party of hostile Indians by her fearless courage and stratagem. She lived to a greal age, and died in 1786, aged one hundred and two years. Nathaniel Hills died April 12, 1 748, aged sixty-five. Henry Hills died August 20, 17o7, aged sixty-nine. Another brother, James Hills, removed from New- bury to this town in 1737, and from these three brothers — all of whom left children — the numerous family of Hills of this town have descended. Two other garrisons were built at or before the time of LovewelPs war,— Joseph Blodgett's and John Taylor's. The Blodgett garrison was located about two and one-half miles below the mouth of the Nashua River, some distance west of the present River road, on the farm now owned by Philip J. Connell, which is a part of the original Blodgett farm. We have it from tradition that the first white male child born in town, was a son of Joseph Blodgett. Joseph Blodgett was one of the first settlers, if not the first, after the Hills. We find recorded upon the old Dunstable records the following births: Joseph Blodgett, born February 9, 1719 ; Ebenezer, January .",, 1721 ; Rebecca, Feb- ruary ", I 728 ; Jonathan, December ■'>, 1730. And on the Nottingham records: James Blodgett, bom Feb- ruary 17, 1734,— all children id' Joseph and Dorothj Blodgett. Joseph Blodgett died December 3, 1761, in the seventy-fourth year of his age, and his widow, Doro- thy, died March 6, 1778, in the eighty-fourth year of her age. lilt) HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The descendants of Joseph Blodgett are •mnierous in this town. The John Taylor garrison was on that part of the Joseph Hills farm willed to Gershom Hills, now owned by Charles W. Spalding, and was located j between the present Litchfield and Derry roads. The exact spot where it stood is still known, and pieces of timber which entered into its construction are preserved by Mr. Spalding. But little is known of this John Taylor, and none of his descendants arc supposed to he residents of this town at the present time. His name docs not appear upon the town records later than 1742. It is recorded in the Dunstable records that Eliza- beth Taylor, daughter of John and Sarah Taylor, was born December 10, 1710, ami that they had a son born January 10, 1720. It has been thought that the tails in the Merrimack, about eighty rods I., 'low Taylor's Falls I. ridge,— now covered by the tlowage from the dam at Lowell. — derived the name from this John Taylor. Another, the Fletcher garrison, was located in wdiat was the town of Nottingham, a short distance south of the State line, now Tyngsborough, .Mass. CHAPTER I I. HUDSON"— I Continued). The Charter of Nottingham — Firsl Town-Meeting and Town Officers- Short Biographical Sketches— The First Med nj lion-... Mill- I'.nm- Meeting-House— Incorporation of Liti tvfield — Boundaries — Settlement of Rev. Nathaniel Merrill. Ix 1731 the inhabitants residing on the east side of the Merrimack petitioned the town of Dunstable to be set off from that town as a separate township, and by a vote of the town of Dunstable, March 2, 1732, the petition was granted, to take effect " when the < rene- ral Court shall judge them capable." Leave was obtained from the Assembly of Massa- chusetts, and the new township was incorporated Jan- uary 4. 1733, under the name of Nottingham. The township of Nottingham, by the terms of this charter, included "all the lands on the easterly side of the river Merrimack belonging to the town of Dun- stable," and extended from Dracut line, up the Mer- rimack, about seventeen miles, and included Litch- field, about one-third of Pelham, nearly all that part of Tyngsborough on the east side of the Merri- mack and all the present town of Hudson, excepting that which was included in the " Londonderry Claim," already mentioned. The charter required " that the inhabitants of said town of Nottingham arc hereby enjoined and required, within the space of three years from the publication of this act, to procure a learned orthodox minister, of good conversation, and mate provision for his com- fortable aud honourable support." If, by the conditions of the charter, it was under- stood that the town was enjoined to settle a minister within three years, those conditions were not strictly complied with. But Rev. Sampson Stoddard was employed to preach soon after the charter was granted, for which services he was paid, March 18, 1734, £35 I 11 *<< and he received nearly as much more during the same year. An oriler from the General Court of Massachusetts, dated April 4, 1733, directed to ''Mr. Robert Fletcher, one of the principal inhabitants of Nottingham," au- thorized him to "assemble and convene the Inhabit- ants of said Town, to choose Town officers to stand until the annual meeting in March next." A war- rant was accordingly issued by Mr. Fletcher, and the first town-meeting was called to meet at the house of Ensign John Snow on the 1st day of May. 1733, ai ten o'clock, A. M. The following is a full list of officers elected at this meeting : Captain llol.ert Fletcher, I leratol ; Henry Baldwin, town clerk: Henry Baldwin, Captain Robert Fletcher, John Taylor, Joseph Snow. John Butler, selectmen ; Joseph Haiul. lei, eonstahle ; Nathaniel Hills, tithingman ; Joseph Perham, Joseph Winn, Eleazer Cummin^-. -nr\.v- ... II .- ...ll.nrn. Jonathan Perham, tiel.l-.triv.'rs ; Pliineas Spald- ing, John Hamhlet, hog-reeves. The first tax-list, for 1733, was composed of the following names: Captain Robert Fletcher, Ezekiel Fletcher, Daniel Fletchei Joseph Perham, Jonathan Perham, Jeremiah Colhurn, Zaccheus Spalding, Deacon Joseph Perham, James Perham, Captain Joseph Butter- tiel.t, Hugh Richardson, Samuel ll,.nl.l, Ensign John Snow. Pliineas h;.i- 1...V.-W.11, Thomas 1'ollar.l, Eleazer Inmlnings. William Cummings, Eleazer Cninmings, Jr., Ebenezer Spalding, Nathaniel Hills, Ephraim Cniimnnus .i.™-].h Snow, Thomas Ool burn, Joseph Blodgett, Nathan Cross, John Tax I.... Jab. i Davis, Henrj IH11-, I .h..n.l sp.i|.,in ■■. 1',. n.iaiuiu Vlaln-, A.jmlla I uderwood, Samuel, ,,..- Wartels, Captain II..I..U Richardson, El.cn./.i Wright, Edward Lingfleld, John , John Butler, John Butler, Jr.. Samuel Butler, Joseph Hiinihh-t, Jr., .lo-iali Winn, Henry Baldwin, gs, Joseph Wright, James Walker, Joseph Kamblet, Joseph Winn, John Hamhlet, Jonas Proctor, lleii.iainiii Ila-.-l, William ll.H v. i. Samuel Murdough, Robert Walker. This list contains fifty-five names, of which the first twelve all lived in that part of the town which is now in Tyngsborough, eight, beginning with Benjamin Adams, in wdiat is now Litchfield, and the seventeen last, commencing with the name of John Butler, were all, or nearly all, residents in what is now Pelham. Thus it seems that the tax-payers then residents within the present limits of Hudson numbered only about eighteen. Joseph Winn soon after settled near the river. Space will not admit of giving any lengthy account of these early pioneer settlers ; yet, as their descendants comprise a very large percentage of the present population of Hudson, a brief sketch may prove of interest to many of the inhabitants of the town. Thomas Colburn was son of Thomas and Mary Colburn, of Dunstable, born April 28, 1702. Samuel Sewell, of Boston, conveyed to him, April lnnsuN. 21, 1726, three pieces of land on the east side of Mer- rimack River, containing in all seven hundred acres. The first tract described contained about two hun- dred acres, bounding on the river, about three miles below the bridge; it was the one on which he settled, and a large part of it is yet owned by his descendants. ■('apt. Oolburn died Aug. 30, 1 Tiio, in the 64th ; "Thomas Colburu, Jr., sonofCapt. Thomas Colburn and Mary, his wife, died Aug. 30, 1765, in Ins 4th year. •■ H...tli killed l.\ lightning." Children of Thomas and Mary Colburn,— Thomas, born November 12, 1761; Isaac, January 25, 1763; Zaccheus, February 1(5, 1765. Thomas Pollard also settled upon a farm bordering on the river, about one-half mile above the Colburn place. He was son of Thomas and Sarah Pollard, of Bil- lerica, who had ten sons and five daughters. Children of Thomas and Mary Pollard, — John, horn September 20, 1727; Ebenezer, December 4, 1728, was at the battle of Bennington; Thomas, Sep- tember 17, 1732, died [September 7, 1756; Dorcas, January 12, 1735, died young; Amos, March 2, 1737; Rachel March 26, 1739; Mary, June 10, 1741, died young; Samuel, duly 10, 174:'.; Timothy, August 24, 1745, a soldier in the Revolution. Thomas Pollard died July 23, 1769. Joseph and John Snow lived at the south part of the town, and, as is supposed, about two miles from the river. Joseph Snow was chosen constable for the east side of the river March 2, 1724. (Dunstable records). John Snow was the first town treasurer, and died March 21, 1735. Joseph Winn was from Woburn, and a descendant of Edward Winn, an early settler of that town. He bought land on the river upon which he settled between the farm of Thomas Colburn and that of Thomas Pollard. A part of the original farm is now owned by Paul T. Winn, one of his descendants. He had several children, and died August 25, 1781, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. His wife, Elizabeth, died September 17, 1778, aged seventy-three years. His descendants are numerous. Nathan Cross and Thomas Blanchard were taken prisoners by a party of Mohawk Indians wdien em- ployed in getting turpentine north of the Nashua River, and about three-fourths of a mile west of the Merrimack, September 4, 1724. They were taken to Canada, where they remained in captivity several months, when they effected their release and returned home through the wilderness in the spring of 172-i. After his return Cross found his musket in a hollow- log, where he had placed it with his dinner on the day of his capture. This musket has been preserved by the family, and not long since was presented by one of the descend- ants to the Nashua Historical Society. Mr. Cross had but a short time before come to this country. April 22, 1724, Joseph I'.utterfield conveyed to him forty-five acres of land on the east side of Merrimack River, two pieces of meadow and the little island at the mouth of Nashua River, it being the same land willed by Joseph Hills to his son Wait. Soon after his return from Camilla he built a house and settled upon this farm. The children of Nathan ami Sarah Cross, as found recorded, were Peter, born September 28, 1729; Sarah, June 26, 1731; ami John, son of Nathan and Mary Cross, bom October 9, 1735. He died Septem- ber 8, 1766. This family became numerous in this and the ad- joining towns. The names of Eleazer Cummings, Eleazer, Jr., William, Ephraim and Thomas appear in the list. They were all descendants of John Cummings, Sr . of Dunstable, who was son of Isaac Cummings, an early settler from Scotland, in Topsfield, Mass. John Cummings was one of the proprietors of Dun- stable, was elected one of the selectmen April 7, 1680, .and was one of the founders of the church in the same year. He was one of the selectmen and town clerk for many years. He married Sarah Howlet, and had children, — .Iolm,2iatihjiiiiel, Sarah, Thomas (born 1(35;)), Abra- ham, Isaac and Ebenezer. William Cummings w as son of Johu Cummings, Jr., horn April 24,1702; married Sarah, daughtei of Wil- liam Harwood. He settled on that part of the Joseph Hills farm willed to Hannah and Elizabeth Blanchard, next north of the Cross farm. His children were Sarah, born November 10, 1728; Ebenezer, January 29,1730; John Harwood, April 24, 1733 ; and Dorcas, December 18, 1737. He was a deacon of the church, and died Septembei 'J, 1758. Ephraim and Thomas Cummings were brothers, and sons of Thomas Cummings. Thomas did not long remain in town. Ephraim Cummings was born March 10, 1706, and married Elizabeth Butler. He lived on the Pelham road, on the south side of "Bush Hill." His children. —Peter, born December 8, 1733 ; Sarah, Maid, 12,1736; David, May 20,1738; Elizabeth, October 26, 1740 : Ephraim, April 9,1743; Hannah, April 2!', 174". ; and Priscilla, July 7, 1747. Eleazer Cummings, Jr., as he is recorded, was the son of Abraham Cummings, born in Woburn April 9, 1704; married Rachel Proctor. He lived on the south part of the ninety acres i if tin- Joseph Hills farm, willed to Hannah Vinton and Samuel Green. 4t>2 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The house in which he lived was at the foot of the hill, east of the causeway, on the farm dow owned by Josiah K. Wheeler. He had two children, — Eleazer, born December 15, 1730, and Abraham, .Tune 1. 1734. He died in 1735, and it seems that his wife died before, and that he married a second time, as the name of his widow was Mary. Eleazer Cummings was a son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Cummings, born October 19, 1701, and from him all now living in this town by the name of Cum- mings have descended. By deed dated August 1,1728, Benjamin Long and Hannah Rogers conveyed to him all that part of the Joseph Hills farm willed to their mother, Hannah Long, containing ninety acres, at the south end, below the Cross farm, anil extending to within about sixty rods of Taylor's Falls bridge. He soon after erected a two-story frame house, in which he lived. He married. July 28, 1734, Mary Yarnum, of Dracut. About that time be established a ferry across the Merrimack, and opened a tavern. It was said by his son Eleazer, who died December I. 1843, that this was the first tavern in town, and the first regular ferry between this town anil Dunstable. His wife died September 17, 1759, aged fifty-three years. He married again. July 12, 1764,Phebe Rich- ardson, of Litchfield. Their children,— Eli June 16, 176">, and Phebe, July 8, 1768. He died December 8, 1780, and his wife died De- cember 7, 1788. The Spaldings were descendants of Edward Spal- ding, of Chelmsford. Zaccheus, who lived south of the State line, and Phineas were brothers, and nephews of Ebenezer. Phineas probably lived in the north part of the town. Ebenezer, who was the ancestor of all the Spal- dings now residents in town, and Edward, his son, lived upon that part of the Joseph Hills farm willed to Elizabeth, daughter of Gershom Hills, containing forty-six acres, and it seems by deeds that he owned another piece north of it, or all of what is known as the " Pierce farm." He was ason of Edward Spalding, and born in Chelmsford January 13, 1783. He married Anna and had children, — Edward, b,,rn March 8,1708; Bridget. December 25, 1709; Experience. March 22. 1711 ; Reuben, March 27, 1715 (died young) ; Stephen, May 28, 1717 ; Sarah, Novem- ber 27. 1719; Esther, February 22. 1722; Mary, May 4. 1724; Reuben, July 26, 1728 ; and Anna, November 30, 17"4. The majority of these children were born in Chelmsford. Zaccheus Lovewell was a brother of Captain John Lovewell, and lived near tlie river, a little north of the State line, until 1747, when he removed to Dunstable (now Nashua.) Jabez Davis was a Quaker, and is supposed to have li\cd on that part of the Joseph Hills farm next north of that owned by Eleazer Cummings, Jr. Within a tew years after the town was incorporated other families settled here by the names of Greeley and Marsh, from Haverhill ; Merrill, from Newbury; Wason, Caldwell, Chase, Hale, Hardy, Burbank, Burns, Hamblet, Page, Frost. Barrett, Kcnney, Rob- inson, Seniles, Burroughs, Carkin, Nevens, Houston and others, many of whose descendants are now resi- dents. Very soon after the town was organized, as was common with other new towns, the question of build- ing a meeting-house engrossed the minds of the in- habitants ; but a serious difference of opinion existed in respect to a location. September 11, 1733, the town instructed the selectmen " to measure from the lower end of the town, so up the river as far as Natticook line, ami soarround the town ; and also to find the centre of the land." No\ ember 5th, " Voted, that the meeting-house -hall stand the east side of Littlehale's meadow, at a heap of stones at the root of a pine tree." At a town-meeting December 26th, the last vote was reconsidered, and a location farther north was se- lected, and it was " Voted, to build a meeting-house forty feet long and thirty-five feet wide and twenty tret between joints." A committee of five was chosen to "set up the frame," and it was " Voted, that the meeting-house shall be raised by the first day of May next." [t was also voted at this meeting to raise forty pounds to pay for the frame. March G. 1734, the town voted to raise one hundred pounds to hire preaching, and titty pounds more to finish the meeting-house. " Voted, to board, clap- board, shingle and lay the lower floor," and a com- mittee was chosen to finish the meeting-house, with instructions to "accomplish the same by the last day of September." The location was again changed at the same meet- ing. May 27th, "Voted, to reconsider the former vote lo- cating the meeting-house, and voted to build a meet- ing-house on land of Thomas Colburn, at a heap of stones this day laid up, not far from said Colburn's southerly dam." " Also voted to raise the same on the first day of June next." This last was the final location, and it appears that the eon mi it tees carried out their instructions, as a town- meeting was held in the meeting-house October 3, 1734. All the town-meetings prior to that date,— nine iu number,— with one exception, were held at the house of Ensign John Snow, one at the house of Ephraim Cummings. This was the first meeting-house in town, the exact location of which is not known, but it stood on the east side of the road, as then traveled, north of Musquash Brook, and is said to have been a 463 little north of the Nathaniel Merrill house, which oc- cupied the same spot upon which Benjamin Fuller's house now stands; but tradition aside, it would look more probable that it stood between the Merrill house and the brook. Tradition has long pointed to the Hills Farms meeting-house, that stood on the east side of the Deny road, some distance south of Alden Hills' house, as having been built at an earlier date. The following extracts from a petition to theGeneral Court, in 1742, signed by John Taylor and fourteen other inhabitants of the north part of Nottingham, and Nathaniel Hills and sixteen other inhabitants of the south part of Litchfield, proves the tradition to be erroneous. The petition represents — " That your petitioners, after a meeting-house was built in Nottingham, ami before any was built in Litchfield, everted a -ting-house for the public worship .it < ;.■■]. where both we and our families might attend onsiderable vorship of God among us at c ,n,l „ince that another meeting-house lias I set up in Litchfield. . . . "And your petitioners have for s and supported the public charge. . . . " Your petitioners therefore do humbly pray that we may be erected intoa township, there being a sufficient tract of land in the Northwest- erly part of Nottingham and the Southerlj part of Litchfield to make a r pact Town, will i any prejudice to the towns „t Nottingham or Lit. 1, field. ..." Litchfield, which had been known as Natticook, or Brenton's Farm, was incorporated by the General Court of Massachusetts July 4, 1734. Under this charter the town of Litchfield was bounded, — '■Beginning at Merrimack Liver, half a mile south of where Nat- ticook south line crosseth said river, run ion- from then, e west t.i, miles and a half, then turning and running northerly the general course of Merrimack River to Sow! g (Souhegan) River, making it a straight line, then running by Sowbeeg (Souhegan). Eivor to Merrimack River again two miles and a half. '•Also, that the bounds dividing between N'alti k and Nottingham begin at the 1 gallery doors, build stairs to the galleries and a gal- lery rail. July 6, 1737, " Voted and made choice of Mr. Nathaniel Merrill for their gospel minister to settle in Nottingham, and voted him £200 settlement in case he accepts the call, and those Captain Robert Fletcher, Ensign Joseph Snow, John Butler and Henry Baldwin to find his terms how he will settle." September 19th, the town voted to give Mr. Merrill, in case In- should accept the call, two hundred and fifty pounds, bills of credit, old tenor, as a gift, and to give him one hundred and twenty pounds, annu- ally, in bills of credit, silver money twenty shillings to the ounce, an addition of ten pounds annually to be added after five years from settlement, and an ad- dition of ten pounds more annually after ten years from settlement, and to give him a sufficient supply of litvw 1 brought to his door annually. The call was accepted, and the Rev. Nathaniel Merrill was ordained November 30, 1737, and a Con- gregational Church was founded the same day. He was the son of Abel Merrill, of West Newbury; born March 1, 1712, and graduated at Harvard Col- lege in 17:12. lb bought land of Thomas Colburn for a farm. built a house near the meeting-house, where he re- sided until his death, in 1796. In front of the house an aged elm is now standing, which is said to have been planted by Rev. Mr. Merrill. li.- had nine children, all born in this town. Children of Rev. Nathaniel and Elizabeth Merrill — Nathaniel, bom September 25, 1739; Betsey, Septem- ber 6, 1741; Mary, August 28, 174::, died young; John, October 26, 1745; Abel, December 2:!, 1747; Dorothy, February 10, 1749; Olive, December 1, L751, married Isaac Merrill, February 25, 177'.'; Sarah, Oc- of Nathaniel Hills' lands on Merrimack Liver, so extending east l.v his south line to the south east corner; so on ea.st to Nottingham east line ; north two degrees east, about half .. mile, to a pine tie,- u it 1 1 -ton.- about it. -tin.liii" within sight of Beaver brook, marked with the letter F: from theme North North west by a line of marked trees, lettered with F, al t six miles to Merrimack River, near Natticook corner ; Southerly by the Liver Merrimack to the mouth ..f the Sou! - s...ili..-,iiii Li\.-r, b.-loie iicnti Litchfield, as then bounded, extended south at Mer- rimack River nearly a mile farther than tit present, and about one-half mile south of the Brenton line, and included the nine hundred acres of land Nathaniel Hills bought of Jonathan Tyng, leaving all. or nearly all, of the Joseph Hills farm in Nottingham. The Hills Farms meeting-house, built soon after, was in Litchfield, near its southern border, as the town was then bounded, and so were all the houses and farms in Hills Row, which farms were parts of the Nathaniel Hills "Tyng" land December 3, 17o-">, the town voted to build a pulpit and a body of scats, leaving room in the middle of the meeting-house up to the pulpit, and leaving room around the outside to build pews, and also to lay the CHAPTER III. HUDSON— {Continued). Settle nt of the Province Lim Chartei ii Nottingham West- Bom daries— Second Sieetii H Sort! Hi n 3om i: ■ i i I I -io I.- Petit! - i thCumn Bounty. " ilTe — Higli- ti ii i co ■ - Mi Herri!] - Salarj Pn Ay* rians— Si ttli rt with Lev. Mr. Merrill. The province lim- between New Hampshire and Massachusetts, about which there had been a long and bitter controversy, was settled and established in 1741. The new line divided the town of Nottingham, leaving about four thousand acres of the south part in Massachusetts and the balance in New Hampshire. The meeting-house was within less than two miles of the province line; the inhabitants were dissatisfied and •' Voted to send a petition to England to be annexed |o Ma--achu-ctts Hay." 464 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The petition did nol Bucceed, and Nottingham. north of the line, remained a district about five years, subject to the jurisdiction and laws of New Hamp- shire. March 10, 1746, at a district meeting, it was voted, by a rote of thirty-two yeas to twenty-one nays, to be incorporated into a " Distinct Town," and "Thomas Oage, Ephraim Cummings and John Butler were chosen a committee to treat with the Courts Commit- tee." A charter was granted by the General Court of New Hampshire, .Inly 0, 1746, and the name of the town was changed to Nottingham West, then beingalready a Nottingham in the east part of the State. Under this charter the town was bounded, — " Beginning at the River Merrimack, on the east side llioeol, wlim- the line that parts the I'mviiio. ..t Ma.-sachusetts Kay ami Xew Hamp- shire crosses the sai.J river, and runs from sad 101 south, hy the needle, two miles ami eighty rods : then nortli, twenty de- -i.,seast. foe miles -Hid eighty rods to Londonderry south side line, then hy Londonderry line uc-t northwest to the southwc-i nun.i ..t Londonderry township : then math on Lund Icrrywest side line one nil. -i, ! , i .hi v i,. -is ; tli eii we-l t ■ > tic needle to yi.-inmai k River : then on said River southerly to the j.l li.-_.ni .it." The charter contained the following reservation : " Always reserving to us. our loirs and sueressors, all white pine trees growing and heing, or that shall hereafter grow and lie on the said tract of land, tor the use of oui Royal Sat v These boundaries excluded all of that part of Pel- ham — nearly one-third — formerly included in the dis- trict of Nottingham, with about twenty families by the names of Butler, Hamblet, Baldwin, < rage, < ribson, Nevens, Douglass, Richardson and Spalding, and in- cluded a part of the south part of Litchfield, as before bounded, about one mile wide on the Merrimack, but less at the east end, with Nathaniel Hills, William Taylor, Henry Hills. Joseph Pollard, James Hills. Ezekiel Hills, John Marsh. Jr.. Thomas Marsh, Henry Hills, Jr., Samuel Hills, Nathaniel Hills, Jr., and some other inhabitants. In apetition to the Governor and Council, by Nathan Kendall, in behalf of the inhabitants of Litchfield. August 22, 1746, it is represented, — '•That hy -nine in istak misrepresentation, the hound. -ion n said charter are different from what the intention was, n tin v \. , for part of that which was called Litchfield on llm , .,-1, i I i ,,i. ,1 -,1.1 river is, in fact, taken into Nottingham and incorporated a- parcel ,,t that town, and what is left of Litchfield is much to., .mall for a town and ali't possihlv snhsisl as such, and there is no place to which it can he joined, nor from which anything can !>■■ taken to ml. I to it " The first town-meeting under the new charter, called by Zaccheus Lovewell, was held tit the house of Samuel Greeley, July 17, 1740, at which Zaccheus Lovewell was elected moderator, Samuel < .reeley town clerk, George Burns treasurer, and Samuel Greeley, Zaccheus Lovewell and Eleazer Cummings select- men. August 20th. " V'lteil to move the preaching to Mr. Benjamin Whittemore's house." October 20, 1740. a committee was chosen to find the "centre up and down of the town;" and at an adjourned meeting, November 20th, the "committee's report is, that the centre up and down of this town is on the northeasterly side of Mr. Benjamin Whitte- more's lot, and on the east side of the way that leads to Litchfield." "The town viewed the said place, and marked sev- eral pine-trees on said spot, and voted said place to erect a meeting-house on." It was also voted, at the same meeting, to "pull down the old meeting-house," and a committee was chosen to effect the same. Lite committee 'lid not " pull down the old meeting-house," as it appears Utter that no satisfactory arrangement could be made with those people of Pelham and Tyngsborough who helped build and owned pews in it. January 12, 1747, the town voted to build a meet- ing-house forty feet long and twenty-six feet wide. and a committee was chosen to effect the same. The meeting-house was not built by that commit- tee, and June 1, 174*. the town " Voted to purchase the upper meeting-house in said town, at a value of eighty pounds, old tenor ; " and a committee was chosen to "pull down and remove the said meeting-house, and to erect the -time at some suitable and convenient place, and to effect the same at or before the first day of July next." This was the Hills Farms meeting-house, before mentioned, and it appears that the committee soon ai'ter effected its removal, as the next town-meeting, August 31, 1 748, was held at the meeting-bouse, and it was " Voted to lay the lower floors, hang the doors, • underpin the frame, board up the upper windows, and to remove the seats out of the old meeting-house and place them in the new house, and put up some of the old glass windows, and to have a tier of pews built in the front of the meeting-house." October 20th a committee was chosen by the town "To pull up the floors in tile old meeting-house, and the breast-work, and take out the rails; and to put up stairs and put in slit-work ; lay the gallery floors, and bring the slit-work, old floors and breast-work to the place, and put up the breastwork ; all to be done this fall, and to allow horse-shelters to be built on the town's land, near the meeting-house." April 24, 1740, " Voted, to clapboard the meeting- house and put up the window-frames anil the old glass this year." July 7, 1751, " Voted, to have two seats made and set up around the front of the gallery, and to call in and put up the old glass so far as it will go." This house occupied nearly the same position where, forty years ago, stood the old school-house in Dis- trict No. 4, near the Joseph Blodgett place, in the margin of the old burying-ground and near where the gate now stands. It was the last meeting-house built by the town, and was occupied as a place of public worship until March, 1778, when the town voted to sell the "old meeting-house." and, February 1, 1779, " Voted, that HUDSON. the money that the old meeting-house sold for should be turned into the treasury by the committee who sold it," The record does not inform us to whom the meeting- house was sold, but it is reasonable to suppose that it was bought for Mr. Merrill by his society and t'riends, and removed to the south part of the town, as there was at about that time, and for many years alter, a meeting-house on the east side of the Back road, south of Musquash Brook, in which Mr. Merrill continued to preach until near the time of his death, in 17%. This house was called "Mr. Merrill's Meeting-house," and later, the "Gospel-Shop." It was located east of the mad, on the high ground nearly opposite the old burying-place, and was not — as has been supposed by soim — the first meeting-house, which, as has been mentioned in a former chapter, was on the north side of the brook, and about half a mile distant from the location of this one- And further, if we suppose an error possible as to the location of the old meeting-house — after the town, in 174S, had removed the seats, pulpit, deacon-seats' windows, floors, breast-work and rails, and put them into the new house, it was voted unanimously. January 30, 1749. "To give the old meeting-house all that is remaining, excepting window-frames, casements and glass and pews— i.e., all their right and interest in and to the same, excepting what is before excepted ) as a present to the Rev. Mr. Merrill." Mr. Merrill preached in the second meeting-house for nearly thirty years after he was presented with the shell of the old one, and it would not be reason- able to suppose that he would preserve and keep the old house in repair for that time, when he had no use for it. The old North meeting-house, at the Centre, which stood until the present town-house was erected, in 1857, was built by the Presbyterians, probably in 1771, as a town-meeting held October 7th of that year, was called at the old meeting-house. The land upon which it stood was conveyed, Decem- ber 15, 1770, by Deacon Henry Hale, to Captain Abra- ham Page, David Peabody, Hugh Smith, Joseph Wilson and Asa Davis, "as a committee appointed for building a meeting-house on said premises." This building, which was the cause id' several very bitter controversies, was repaired by the town in 1792, deeded by the proprietors to the Baptist Society No- vember 26, 1811, and by that society to the town of Hudson March 1, LS42. The town-meetings, with a few exceptions, were held at this meeting-house from 1779 until the pres- ent town-house was erected to supply its place. A few were held at the house of Timothy Smith and other private dwellings. November 19, 1764, the town voted to build a meeting-house, and several similar votes were passed at later dates, but as a location could not be agreed upon, the object did not succeed. March 9, 1747. ■'('hose Edward Spalding and Benj. Frost to take care that the deer are not chased around out of season as the law directs." In 1747 the selectmen laid out a road from Litch- field to the province line, which the town voted not to accept, and it was laid out by a "Courts Committee" the same year. Nine other roads were laid out b\ the selectmen and accepted by the town. September 21, 1747, " Voted to erect a pair of stocks, and voted three pounds, old tenor nev.to erect the same. John Marshall was chosen to build said stocks." December 7. 1747, Josiah Cummings, Klea/.er Cum- mings and several other residents of the north part of the town petitioned the General Court, praying, "That they might be discharged, both polles and es- tates, from paying anything towards the support of the ministry at said Nottingham, so long as they at- tend elsewhere. ..." March 7, 174s. Deacon Samuel Greeley and John Marshall " were chosen to go to court to answer a citation. ..." The prayer of the petitioners was not granted. October 1">. 1749, a road was laid out from Rev. Mr. Merrill's to the meeting-house, beginning near the Rev. Mr. Merrill's orchard and running northerly, through land of Roger Merrill, Ebeneze'r Dakin, Heze- kiah Hamblet. Gerrish, Joseph Blodgett, Deacon Samuel Greeley and Benjamin Whittemore, to the town land appropriated for the use of the meeting-house. This is the same road now known as the Hack road. or Burns road. March 2, 1752, a bounty of six pounds was voted for every wolf caught and killed. Thctirst tax for mending the highways was in 1753, when two hundred pounds, old tenor, was raised for that purpose, and the price of labor was established at fifteen shillings a day for men, one-half as much for a pair of oxen and four shillings for a cart. As the currency continued to depreciate, Mr. Mer- rill's salary was raised from year to year, until 1759, when he received twelve hundred pounds, old tenor, at six pounds per dollar. September 2:tii], ..r secured to he paid, do therefore acquit and discharge The Inhabitants of the Town of Nottingham west for all demands 1 now have, 01 y have hereafter, upon them as a Town, by virtue of any former agreement or agreements, vote or votes made or v 1 I" t ween tl i md in. : s 1 1 le i r minister ; As witness my hand, ■ \, ttii CHAPTER IV. HUDSON- {Conth I). A Part of "Londonderry Claim" Annexed to Nottingham West, 177s— Name Changed .to Hudson, 1830— Taylor's Falls Bridge— Post-Offlces and I'ostma.-teis— Nottingham West Social Library— llud-mi social Library— Schools and School District — Population— Physicians- Nashua and l;.s In -ler Kailroad— Employments. In 1754 a petition was presented to the General As- sembly, signed by twenty-seven of the inhabitants of the southwest part of Londonderry, praying to be taxed in Nottingham West, which petition was dis- missed. As early as 1768 some action had been taken by a number of the inhabitants occupying the south part of" Londonderry Claim," in Londonderry, to be an- nexed to this town, and in March of that year the town voted to hear and answer their request. February 3, 1778, a petition praying to lie annexed to Nottingham West was presented to the Honorable Council ami Assembly, signed by Levi Andrews, Josiah Burroughs. Simeon Kobinson, John Marshall, William Hood, Joseph Steele, Philip Marshall, Moses Barrett, Daniel Peabody, John Smith, Ebenezer Tay- lor, Simeon Barrett, James Barrett, W. Elener Gra- ham, Isaac Page, William Graham, Ezekiel Greeley, (Icni'.'c liurroughs, David Lawrence, Richard Mar- shall, Hugh Smith, Thomas Smith, Sampson Kidder, Benjamin Kidder, William McAdams, Joseph Hobbs. The petition was granted by an act of the General Assembly, passed March G, 1778, annexing the south- west part of Londonderry to Nottingham West, with the following boundaries : " B.-iniiiiig in tin- South boundary of Londonderry, a1 the North EiM 'mi net ,t Nottingham west, Them e nilmin-s North .", de-lees East, !i i. —i' _ l)i eve! Itroolv, -U4 rods to a l.Ho' 1' 1 1 . .- tnoi k.-.l. '• 'Ilie, i, e North eighty degrees west, coo rods to the East side line of Litchfield, to a Poplar tree marked, standing in the edge of Fine meadow, and im hiding the houses and lands belonging to William Graham, William Steele, William McAdams, Simeon Kobinson and Ebenezer Tarbox, lying to the East ward and Northward of said tract, according to the plan there- of exhibited with said petition, and e\i biding any hinds lying contiguous to said North and East Bounds, belonging to Samuel Andrews ;i i,d Thomas Boyd, lying within the same. "Thence from said Poplar tree South in the East Bounds of Litchfield and Nottingham west about two miles and three-ijtiai'ters to a corner of "Thence East South East in the South Bounds of Londonderry and North Bounds of Nottingham west, two miles and three-ijuai ters of a mile to the place began at." Only two minor changes have since been made in the boundaries of the town. The first by an act of the Legislature, passed June 27, 1857, establishing the northeast corner of Hudson and the southeast corner of Londonderry about one hundred and twelve rods farther northerly on Beaver Brook than the old corner, and running from there north, 27° 12' west, six hundred and ninety roils to the original corner established in 1778, and from that to the corner at Litchfield line, as before. Also providing that these lines should be the boun- daries between the two towns. Prior to 1862 the line between Hudson and Wind- ham crossed Beaver Brook several times. July 2d of that year tin act was passed by the Legislature estab- lishing the line in the centre of the brook, from the northwest corner of I Villain, about three hundred and twenty rods, to the southeast corner of Londonderry, as established in 1857. The tract annexed in 1778 included nearly twenty families other than those whose names were upon the petition. March 9, 1830, "It was voted to request the select- men to petition the General Court to change the inline of the town, and Moses Greeley, Colonel William Hills, Deacon Asa Blodgett and .Limes Tcnney were chosen a committee to report a name." At an adjourned n ting, March 13th," Voted to accept the report of the committee to designate a name for the town, which name was that of Hudson." The name of the town was changed from Notting- ham West to Hudson at the June session of the Leg- islature of the same year. In L826 a charter was granted to several individuals of this town and Nashua, by the mime of the Proprie- tors of Taylor's Falls Bridge, for the purpose of build- ing a bridge across the Merrimack. At that timetherewas no bridge across the river between Lowell and Amoskcag. The bridge was com- pleted and opened as a toll-bridge in 1827. Previous to that time people crossed by ferries, there being three, — Hamblet's ferry, formerly called Dutton'sand for many years Kcllv'sferry, was located near where the bridge was built. Another, about two miles above, always known as Hill's ferry ; and the third about three miles below, first ("tiled Hardy's and later Pollard's ferry. Taylor's Falls bridge remained a toll-bridge until HUDSON. 1855, when a highway was laid out over it by the county, and it became a free bridge. It was a lattice bridge, built of the best of old growth native white pine, and remained until 1881, a period of fifty-four years, when it was replaced by a substantial iron structure. Post-Offices and Postmasters. — Prior to 1818 there was no post-office in this town, and letters and Other matter sent by mail, addressed to Nottingham West people, were sent to the post-office at Litchfield. which was established as early as 1804. A post-office by the name of Nottingham West was established at the Centre July L2, 1818, and Reuben Greeley was appointed postmaster at the same time. The name was changed to Hudson June 9, 1831. It was discontinued March 3, 1836, and re-estab- lished A,,ri! 25, is:;-".. The office was removed to Taylor's Falls bridge Sep- tember, 1853, and was discontinued again April 13, 1868, and re-established September 21. 1868. Hudson post-office remains at the bridge. A daily mail is carried between this office and the Nashua post-office, the distance being less than one and one- half miles. November 1, 1876, another post-office, called Hud- son Centre, was established at the station of the Nashua and Rochester Railroad at the Centre, and Eli Hamblet appointed postmaster. The following list exhibits the names of all the postmasters from 1818 to 1885, with the time for which they severally held the office : Reuben Greeley, from July 12, 1818, to April IT. 1829 Jame9Tenney, from April 17. \'~: to M in h .;. 1835 Elbridge Dow, fi im April - ■. 18 15, :•■ Novembei 13 1-1 Reuben Greeley, from November 1 :. 1849, to Septembei 15,1853 ThomaaH. Ewins, frrnu s.-pt.-ml.. i I.-., l-.v;. io 1 nibei :, Is;,:, Eli Hamblet, at Hudson Centre, appointed No- vember 1, 1870, continues to hold the office. Paul Colburn was appointed postmaster October 27. 1863, but failed to qualify or enterupon the duties of the office, and G. W. Hills was continued in office until 1868. Nottingham West Social Library.— In 1 7'.»7, Samuel Marsh, Joseph Winn, Phineas Underwood, Eleazer Cummings, John Pollard and Joseph Greeley petitioned the General Court for the incorporation of a library, and December 9th of the same year an act was passed incorporating the -aiue by the name of Nottingham West Social Library. The proprietors of this library were very fortunate in the selection of books, many of them being of a high order, and it continued in active existence until after 1840, when it was dissolved and the books divided among the proprietors. Soon alter the first libran association wa- dissolved the Hudson Social Library was organized, but it was dissolved and the hooks divided in L857. Schools and School Districts.— Prior to 1754 no money had been raised for the support of schools. At the annual meeting of that year, " Voted, to hire a school-master the ensuing year, and to raise one hundred and twenty pounds, old tenor, for the support of said school, wdiich shall be proportionated between Hills' Farms, liush Hill and the lower end of the town." No further action was taken in relation to schools until 177>9. The law in force in New Hampshire prior to and for some years after the Revolution required towns having fifty families to support a public school for teaching children in town to " read and write," and towns having one hundred families or more to main- tain a grammar school. These schools were sustained by an annual tax, voted by the town, and were wholly under the charge and control of the selectmen. This school law remained in force without material change till 1780. The following exhibit presents the yearly amount of the school-tax voted from 1754 for the following thirty-five years : In 17o4 one hundred and twenty pounds, old tenor. In 1755, 1756, 1757 and 1758, no school tax. In 1750 three hundred pounds, old tenor. From 1760 to 1765, inclusive, no school tax. In 1700 and 1767 fifteen pounds lawful money or silver each year. In 1768 four hundred pounds, old tenor. In 1700 and 1770 no school tax. In 1771 and 1772 eight pounds lawful money each year. In 177-'! and 1774 sixteen pounds lawful money each year. In 177"> eight pounds, and in 1770 twelve pounds lawful money. In 1777 twenty-four pounds in Continental paper money. In 1778 no school tax. In 1770 three hundred pounds. In 1780 four hundred and fifty pounds, all in Continental money. In 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, L785, 1780 and 17*7 thirty-six pounds each year, lawful money. In 1788 forty pounds, and in 1789 thirty-six pounds law- ful money. An act of the General Court, passed in 1789, re- pealed the school laws till that time in force, and made it the duty of the selectmen yearly to assess upon the inhabitants of each town forty-five pounds upon each twenty shillings of the town's proportion of the public taxes, lor teaching the children and youth of the town " reading, writing and arithmetic." The first school tax assessed under this law, in 17011, was forty pounds. Since the law of 17.S9 was passed very little money has been assessed lor schools in addition to the amount required by law. School Districts.— In 1785 the selectmen were chosen a committee to divide the town into school districts and number the same. The committee made no report to the town until 1700, when a report was 468 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. submitted, which was adopted, dividing the tow into nine school districts and establishing the boun daries of each district. In 1805 a number of the inhabitants of District No. 9, petitioned for a new district, which petition was granted by a vote of the town, and School District No. 10 was set off from the westerly part of No. 'J as a new and separate district. In 1835 a committee was chosen to "take a view of the town in respect to school districts and report." March 14. 1837, the committee madea report giving definite boundaries of each of the ten school districts- With one minor amendment, the town " Voted, that the. report fixes the school districts in this town with regard to hounds and limits." But few changes had been made in the boundaries of the districts since 1805, and, with the exception of the new district made in that year, the limits of the several districts, as established by the last committee, were substantially the same as the,-,- made by the committee chosen in 1785. The districts remained with no material alterations from 1837 to 1885, when, at the annual March meeting, the town voted to abolish the school districts and adopt the "Town System," under section 2. chapter SO, of the Genera] Laws; and Kimball Web- ster, David O. Smith and Daniel Gage were elected a Board of Education. Population. — By the provincial census taken in 17ii7 the town contained a population of five hundred and eighty-three, with two slaves. In September, 1775, a second census was taken by the New Hampshire Convention, when the town was credited with a population of six hundred and forty- nine. Men in the army, twenty-two ; slave-, four. \ ccording to the several censuses taken in different vears since, the population was as follows: 1 7!" i, 1064; 1800, 1267; 1810, 1376; 1820, 1227; 1830, L282; 1840, 1144; 1850, 1312; 1860, 1222; 1870, 1066; 1880, 1045. Physicians. — I have been unable to obtain data sufficient to give as full and accurate an account of the physicians who have been residents in this town as would be desirable, yet the following exhibit is believed to contain the names of nearly all those who have practiced their profession here as resident phy- cians. Dr. Ezekiel Ciiase. probably the first, removed into this town as early as 1741. He was a]. pointed a justice of the peace about the year 1747. did much official business and was a very prominent man in the affairs of the tow n. His wife, Priscilla (Merrill), died February 22. 1768, in her fifty-ninth year. His death is not found recorded, but it occurred not earlier than 1780. Dr. John Hall was a resident in 177'.' and 1780, Dr. Joseph Gray removed into this town about 1 7*2. and remained until 1790. j Dr. Apollos Pratt resided here in 1803 and 1804, and possibly later. Dr. Paul Tenney, bom in Rowley, Mass.. April II. 17ii"., married. November 2. 17!'0, Sarah Gibson, of Pelham ; removed into this town as early as 1789, where he practiced his profession for more than thirty years. He resided at the Centre, where he built a tomb, the only one in town, and died April (i, 1821. Dr. Daniel Tenney, son of Dr. Paul Tenney, bom June 15, 1795, practiced his profession for a few- years in this town, and removed to Deny. He died November 7, 1840. Dr. Dustin Barrett was also born in this town was a very skillful physician and practiced here for several years. He died June 1, 1831, aged thirty- seven years. Dr. Henry M. Hooke removed into the town a few years after the death of Dr. Barrett, and remained until about 1S47, when he removed to Lowell. Mas-., where he died a U-k years later. Dr. James Emery commenced the practice of his profession in Hudson about 1847. He acquired an extensive practice, and remained in town until the time of his death, which occurred September 30, 1880. Dr. David ( ). Smith, son of Alvan Smith, bom in this town, commenced the practice of his profession here May 1, 1850, since which time he has been an actB c and industrious practitioner, and is now ( I 885 the only resident physician in Hudson. Nashua and Rochester Railroad.— One railroad only intersects Hudson. The Nashua and Rochester went into operation in the fall of 1S74. It crosses the Merrimack from Nashua about sixty roils below Taylor's Falls bridge, and follows a northeasterly course through Hudson Centre to Beaver Brook, a distance of about four miles, where it enters Wind- ham. There is but one railroad station in town, and that at Hudson Centre, where Eli Hamblet is station- agent and postmaster. Under an act of the Legisla- ture, passed June session, 1883. this railroad has been consolidated with the Worcester and Nashua Railroad, which consolidated road i> called the Worcester, Nashua and Rochester Railroad. It forms a con- tinuous line from Worcester, Mass., to Rochester, N. II., where it connects with the Portland and Rochester. The inhabitants of Hudson are and always have been principally engaged in agriculture, no extensive manufactories ever having existed in town. Some twenty or more of those residing near the Bridge are employed in the manufactories and upon the railroads in Nashua. In 1820 Hudson contained two meeting-houses, one tavern, three stores, tour saw-mill-, four grain- mills, two clothing-mills and one carding-machine. There are now (1885) in town two grist-mills, two saw-mills, one drug ami spice- file-shop 409 three meeting-houses and ten school-houses. At the Bridge is one store, two wheelwright-shops and two blacksmith-shops, and at the Centre one store and a blacksmith-shop. Deposits in the savings-banks in the State, one hun- dred and forty-two thousand and twenty-nine dollars. CHAPTER V. HUDSON— (Continued). ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. Congregal a] and Presbvt.-nan ehm.l. I;. > Nathaniel Merrill— N'nrtli M<.tiii-lt"ii-— Smith M<'.titjL'-Ihm-,- : Mini-r. i- .1- . tional Meeting-House ; Member — The Baptist Church and Society ; Ministers— Baptist Mr.ting-tluust- ; lir.i. .ui-, Mriuhers— Mettanlist llpisrnp.tl Cliur.li an-l Society; Met titi^-llouses, Ministers, Mouthers. Ix former chapters I have already given an account of the organization of the Congregational Church, November 30, 1737, and tin- ordination of Rev. Nathaniel Merrill as pastor on the same daj : ofthe building of the first and second meeting-houses by the town; and of the building ..('the North meeting- house by the Presbyterians. For the first fifty-eight years of the existence of this church no original records are now to be found, other than such as are contained in the town records. Mr. Merrill's relation- as pastor to the church con- tinued till very near the time of his death, in 1796, although his civil contract with the town was dis- solved July 11, 1774. He continued to preach in the second meeting- house until it was sold by the town, in 177*, and later in the meeting-house in the south [tart of the town, which probably was the same building, boughl and removed by the Congregational Church and Society, and called " Mr. Merrill's meeting-house." He was son of Abel Merrill ; born in West New- bury, Mass., March 1, 1712, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1732. He seems to have been a man almost universally loved and revered by his chinch and people, as his long-continued services as pastor, extending over a period of nearly fifty-nine years, will attest. For a tew years preceding 1774, the time of his dis- missal by the town, some trouble occasionally arose in relation to the payment of his salary, which be- came largely in arrears, owing to the Presbyterians voting against raising money for the purpose, and re- fusing to pay such taxes when assessed against them. It is a singular fact that no record of his death can be found, and that among his very numerous posterity the exact date is unknown. A headstone — erected by his grandchildren many years alter his death — marks his grave, and dates his death in 1796, but the day or month is not given. It will be remembered that Londonderry was settled by Presbyterians, and before a portion of that town was annexed to Nottingham West, in 1778, a large number of families of that denomination were resi- dents in this town, who, joining with others of the south part of Londonderry, a Presbyterian Church was organized, probably before the North meeting- house was built, or as early as 1770. No records of this church are to be found earlier than 1816, the date ofits union with the Congregational Church. Its first minister of whom we can find tiny record was Rev. John Strickland. The exact date at which he commenced preaching here is uncertain, but the town records Ineidentallj show that he was paid a salary by the Presbyterians Mr. Fox, in his historical sketch of Hudson, says, — "July 3,1774, Rev. John Strickland was ordained, but after a I'rw years was dismissed by the town." That he was ordained as pastor of the Presbyterian Church July 3, 1774, is probablj true, but the town records do not show that as a town it had anything to do with his settlement or dismissal. He probably remained here until 17S4, as In- nami appears for the last time in the tax-list for that year. For several years the town assessed a minister tax of sixty pounds, twenty-five pounds of which was to be paid to Mr. Merrill, and the balance laid oul for preaching at the North meeting-house. In 17(12 the town entered into some agreement with the proprietors, ami repaired the North meeting- house. It appears that Rev. Matthew Scribner preached hereabout 1790, and Rev. Mr. Parrish soon after, but no minister was settled until 1796, when, on the 24th of February, Rev. Jabez Pond Fisher, a Congre- gational minister, wits ordained at the North meeting- house. Mr. Fisher was graduated tit Brown University in 1788, and was voted a settlement by the town, under protest ofthe Presbyterians against paying any part ofthe same, or of his salary id' four hundred dollars. and an annual salary of three hundred and ten dollars so long as he should continue as pastor. As early as 1790 an unsuccessful effort was made by the town to purchase the North meeting-house from the proprietors, and in 1 7'.*7 a like attempt was made, with no better result. The town, having repaired the house, claimed to own a part in common with the proprietors ami pew- holders. Many ofthe Presbyterians declined to pay any tax for the support of Mr. Fisher, and the proprietors refused to permit him to preach in the North meet- ing-house. This led to a very bitter controversy, in which a committee chosen to open the house on the Sabbath used axes upon the doors to effect an entrance, but without success, its the resistance by the proprietors, led by Asa Davis, Esq., upon the inside. «;,- so greal 470 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. thai the attempt was abandoned, and the meeting for that day was held in the open air upon the common in a drizzling rain. Alter this Mr. Fisher preached in the meeting- house already mentioned, in the south part of the town, in private houses, hams and in the open air. until the South meeting-house was built, in 1798, by proprietors connected with the Congregational Church and Society. At the time -Mr. Fisher was ordained the members of tin- Congregational Church numbered a little more than fifty, and while he was pastor, about live years, thirty-six were admitted. From obvious reasons, the town failed to raisi the money to pay Mr. Fisher as had been agreed, and in consequence of his salary being largely in arrears, in 1801 he called for a dismissal, which was granted by an ecclesiastical council, to take effect June 4th of the same year. He afterwards brought suit against the town to re- cover a balanc f sloi:;.ii2 due him, which amount was allowed and paid in 1802, — members of the Pres- byterian and Baptist Churches being exempt from paying any part of this tax by a vote of the town passed I >ctober 30, 1797. For about fifteen years after Mr. Fisher left, the church remained in a very weak condition, and the records show of but little as having been done and very tew new members added. Preaching was sustained but a -mall part of the time until 1816, when, on the loth of October of that year, the Congregational Church united with individual members of Presby- terian Churches and organized a Presbyterian Church under the Londonderry Presbytery. At the date of the union the church was very small ; only eleven Presbyterians and thirteen ( ongn gation- alists are given as uniting to form the new organiza- tion, but many members of the old churches and new converts were admitted soon after. After the organization of the new church preach- ing was maintained nearly all the time, it being di- vided between the two meeting-houses, — twenty-four Sabbaths in the year it was at the North meeting-house and the balance of the year at the South meeting- house, — but no minister was settled until 1825. During this period the pulpit was supplied by Rev. Mr. Wheelock, Rev. Samuel Harris, Rev. Mr. Stark- weather and others. November 2, 1825, Rev. William K. Talbot was ordained, under an agreement that he should remain as pastor lor live years, at a salary of four hundred dollar- annually. At this time tin 1 church had a membership of about ninety, but during the four years that Mr. Talbot was pastor more than one hundred new members were added. In February. ]S21 i, owing to arrearages being due him. Mr. Talbot requested a dismissal as pastor at the end of four years, instead of live, a- had been agreed. The church refused to comply with this request, but upon an appeal to the Presbytery he obtained a dis- missal and soon after removed from town, anil a lew years later was deposed from the ministry. In an appeal to the Presbytery by a committee chosen by the church to oppose the dismissal of Mr. Talbot, that committee gave among other causes for his salary being in arrears, — "That many have died, — out of the town sixty deaths occurred in one year, and ten or more of the best families have providen- tially removed to other places of residence, five of whom were elders, or elders elect." The church had no settled minister for the next fifteen years, but the pulpit was supplied a part of the time by Rev. Samuel II. Tolman, a Methodist min- ister, Rev. Samuel Harris, Rev. Mr. Wheeler, Rev. Mr. Lawrence, Rev. Willard Holbrook and others. At an ecclesiastical council composed of ministers ami delegates from several Congregational Churches, convened at the South meeting-house September 29, 1841, the Presbyterian Church organization was dis- solved, and the members were organized into a Con- gregational Church, railed the Evangelical Congre- gational Church of Hudson, which adopted the articles of faith of that denomination. The names of twenty-six members were enrolled at the time of its organization, and sixty others united within the next two years. A iii-v, meeting-house was built in 1842, fifty by forty feet, located about one-half mile east of Taylor's Falls bridge, near the Methodist house, which had been built two years previous. Soon alter, the Rev. William Page was engaged to supply the pulpit, and in 1844 an invitation from the church and society to settle as pastor was accepted by him, and be was ordained August 24th of the same year. His pastoral relations continued until 1852, when his request for a dismissal was granted by an ecclesi- astical council June 28th of that year. During about eight years of -Mr. Page's labors after he was ordained about thirty members united with the church. The next minister was the Rev. Daniel L. French, who was hired to supply the pulpit soon after the dis- missal of Mr. Page, and remained till the time of his death, which occurred July 20, 1860. For the next eight years the desk was supplied by Addison Heald. Rev. Austin Richards, Rev. S. D. Pike. Rev. Benjamin Howe and Rev. Silas M. Blanchard. For about eight years prior to October, 1876, no preaching was sustained by this society- Rev. John W. Haley commenced to supply the pulpit October 2, 1876, and soon after many were united with the church. In November, 1878, Mr. Haley closed his labors here, and preached his farewell sermon on the 24th of that month. 471 The Rev. S. D. Austin, of Nashua, has since sup- plied the pulpit the most of the time and is the present minister. The number of members is now about sixty. The Baptist Church and Society.— The Baptist Church was organized May 1, 1805, with sixty-five members, who had been dismissed from the Baptist Church in Londonderry, of which they constituted a branch for several years, acting in harmony with said church, but sustaining preaching and the ordi- nances of the church. The church was organized by an ecclesiastical council upon the above date, and took the name of the Baptist Church of Christ in Nottingham West. For several years after its organization the church did not enjoy the labors of a settled pastor, but the pulpit was supplied by Eev. Thomas Paul (colored), Rev. Robert Jones, Rev. Samuel Ambrose and John Young. The labors of Rev. Thomas Paul were especially effective, and many united with the church under his preaching. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Ezra Ken- dall, who assumed his charge November 3, 1808, and resigned March 5, 1810. After Mr. Kendall resigned, the pulpit was supplied by Rev. Isaiah Stone, Rev. John Perkins and others, until 1814. June 19, 1811, the church was incorporated, and all the right of the proprietors to the North meeting- house, and Jhe lot of land upon which it stood, was conveyed to it November 26th of the same year. Rev. Daniel Merrill, who had several years previous preached in town as a Congregational minister, was invited to the pastorate of the church in May, 1814, and accepted the invitation in August following. Mr. Merrill was a very radical man in his beliefs. After he renounced the Congregational creed he was a very zealous advocate of the sentiments of the Bap- tist denomination. One of his successors in the ministry, in writing a history of the church, says, "That it was not difficult for a stranger, after hearing him preach one sermon, to decide with what Christian den ination he hail cast his lot." During his ministry, which continued about six years, seventy-five were baptized and re- ceived into the church. He resigned in September, 1S20, and during the next two years the pulpit was supplied a part of the time by Rev. Isaac Wescott, Rev. Otis Robinson and others. Rev. Joseph Davis was ordained June 18, 1823, and resigned November 5, 1*24. There was another interim of about three years and a half, during which time the church did not have any settled minister, and the desk was supplied by- Rev. Otis Robinson, Rev. George Evans, Rev. Samuel Elliot, Rev. John Peacock and others. The next pastor of the church was the Rev. Benja- min Dean, who commenced his labor- in April, 1828. Mr. Dean's connection with the church terminated June 26, 1830, under circumstances of a painful nature. He was deposed from the ministry by an ecclesiastical council, and excluded from the fellowship of the church. The church remained without a pastor for nearly foin- years, but the pulpit was supplied a part of the time by Rev. Otis Robinson, Stephen Pillsbury and others. The Rev. Bartletl Pease assumed charge of the church March. ls:;4. and his pastoral labor- termi- nated in April. 1839. The next pastor was Rev. John Upton, who i i- menced his labors November, 1839, and August, 1841. The attention of the church and society had for several years been turned to the object of erecting a more convenient house of worship than the old one they occupied ; but a difference of opinion respecting the location, together with some other circumstances, had prevented any decisive action on the subject. In 1841 a location near the old meeting-house at the Centre was agreed upon, and anew meeting-house erected, which was completed and dedicated the same year. In September, 1841, Rev. Jonathan Herrick as- sumed the pastoral care of the church. He was a very zealous laborer in his profession, and many united with the church under his ministry. Mr. Herrick was dismissed, at his own request, September, 1843, and the desk was supplied for a few months by William H. Eaton, a student connected with Brown University. Rev. Joseph Storer supplied the pulpit in 184 I, and assumed pastoral charge January 1, 184"). During this year a parsonage was built by a stock company for the accommodation of the pastor, which was a few years later presented to the society. Mr. Storer was a very zealous and faithful minister, loved by all connected with his church and society, and universally esteemed and respected by bis towns- men. He was retained in his office as pastor until May, 1855, longer by nearly five years than any other pastor of this church, when he was compelled to resign in consequence of failing health. Rev. W. II. Dalrymple began to supply the pulpit in June. 1855, and assumed the pastoral care in August following, which relation he held until March, 1858. Rev. George L. Putnam, the next pastor, was or- dained June 15, 1858, having previously supplied the desk about three months, and was retained as pastor until November, 1863. In l si ;n the parsonage, built by a stock company in ii.^i presented to the society, and extensive and substantial repairs and alterations were made upon the meeting-house the same year. A bell was presented to the society several years before by Deacon Moses Greeley, which is still in use, and the only church bell ever hung in this town. 472 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Rev. Bartlett Pease, who was a resident minister, supplied the pulpit for about a year after the resigna- tion of Mr. Putnam. Rev. Henry Stetson was pastor from October, 1864, to June 1, 1868, when he was dismissed at his own request. November 1st of the same year Rev. A. W. < 'hat- fin accepted an invitation to become the pastor, and appropriate services were held December --'id. In 1872, Mr. Chaffin became very feeble physically, and his mental faculties were mucb impaired; but he was retained as pastor until April, 1873, though he was unable to preach for several month-. He removed from town, but his health continued to de- cline, and he died soon alter. Rev. George A. (dines held (the relation as pastor from Septemher 1, 1873, to April, 1875, when he re- signed. Rev. S. VY. Kinney, the next pastor, assumed his charge January 1, 1876, and resigned in 1879,after which the pulpit was supplied by several ministers until May, 1881, when an invitation was extended to Rev. William P. Bartlett to become pastor, which was accepted, and he was ordained June 28th. Mr. Bartletl tailed to gain the love and confidence of his church and people to a degree that would make a long stay profitable or desirable, and he was dismissed, at his own request, in March, 1883. The present pastor. Rev. T. M. Mcrriam, assumed that relation in May, 1883. Deacons of iiii: Baptisi Church.— Thomas Senter and Nathaniel Currier, chosen May 7, 1805; Mosi - i rreeley and David Burns, chosen October 30, 1816 ; Enoch S. Marsh ami Benjamin Kidder, chosen April 1, 1838 (Deacon Marsh died December 19, L865); Hiram Cummings and John M. Thompson, chosen October 4,1866; Lewis L. Fish, chosen in place of Deacon Cummings, October 12, 1881; Fli Hamldet. chosen April, 1 382. The original number of members of this church in 1805 was sixty-five. The largest number at any one time was in 1S2S, when it was 167; in September, 1847, the number of members was 139; in February. 1878, 117; and Janu- ary 1, 1885, 125. The Methodist Episcopal Church and Society of Hudson. — Prior to 1830 a considerable number of persons in this town had embraced the religious opin- ions and sentiments of the Methodist denomination. Soon after the dismi-sal of Mr. Talbot by the Pres- byterians, in November, 1829, the members of that society, to receive material aid from the Methodists in the support of a ministry, entered into an agree- ment with them, and hired the Rev. Samuel H. Tolman, a minister of the Methodist persuasion. Mr. Tolman preached here in 1830, and possibly later, and may have been instrumental in laying the foundation of the Methodist Church organized ten years later. J ii 1 839, Rev. Jared Perkins, the Methodist minister in charge of the Nashua station, came to Hudson, and lectured in the school-house in District No. 4, and held meetings in other parts of the town, assisted 1>\ others from Nashua and Lowell. An interest was awakened, and several persons were desirous of having the regular service of the Methodist Episcopal Church established among them. The Annual ( inference of 1839 appointed Abraham Folsom pastor in charge of this station. Mr. Folsom was a man of energy and zeal, and so lain, led as to establish a church. The chief effort of this year was to raise funds for the building of a house of worship, and twelve hun- dred and fifty dollars were subscribed and collected for that purpose, a meeting was called, trustee- ap- pointed and the society legally organized. Cyrus Warren, Nathaniel M. Morse, David Cle- ment, Ethan Willoughby and John Gillis constituted the first board of trustees. The meetings for the first year were held in the South meeting-house when not occupied by the Presbyterians, and in school-houses and private dwellings. A plain meeting-house, fifty by forty feet, was erected in 1840, on the south side of the road, about one-half mile east of Taylor's Balls bridge, and was dedicated December I'd of the same year. In 1877, the Nashua and Rochester Railroad having been previously built, and passing between the meet- ing-house and the highway, which rendered the loca- tion very inconvenient, the building was removed to the north side of the road, and near the parsonage, which was built a number of years before. The meeting-house was raised and enlarged by an addition in the rear, a vestry constructed beneath the auditorium, forty by fifty feet in size, and other ex- tensive alterations and repairs made. The expense of this change and repairs was fifteen hundred dol- lars. On Sunday, August ■'!, 1879, immediately after the close oi the services, the stable connected with the k tire, and, together with the meeting- house and parsonage, was totally destroyed. The buildings were insured for a moderate amount, and this loss seemed a severe blow to the society. In 1880, a lot having been purchased by the church near Taylor's Falls bridge, a meeting-housi built of brick and wood, fifty by seventy feet, with a tower and spire at one comer, was erected at a cost of about seven thousand dollars. This church contains an audience-r i and vestrj of ample size, and is one of the most convenient and neatest country churches to be found in the State. Tin' members of the church contributed liberally, and many other citizens of Hudson and Nashua fur- nished substantial aid in paying the expense of its construction, so that the debt upon the society was not burdensome. It was dedicated December 7, 1880. it:; The present number of members of the church is seventy, forty-eight of whom are residents of Hudson. The names of the ministers who have been stationed here as pastors of this church, and the time of their services, as near as I have been able to ascertain, are as follows: 1839, Abraham Folsom; 1840, Charles H.Chase; 1841-42, Moses A. Howe; 1843, \ II. Wuilhinir ; 1S44. John Boyce; 1846-46, Matthew Newhall ; 1847-48, Jonathan Hall ; 1849-50, Isaac \V. Huntley ; 1851, George F. Welus ; 18J2, fathers; 1853, Kimball Hadley ; 1854-56, supplied bystudents from Biblical Institute at C rd; 1857, K. C Danforth 1858-59, J. W. Johnson, 1860-61, I.. W. Frescotl IS 12 63, William Howes; 1864-65, B. \v Chase; 1866-67, Samuel B He : 1868- 70, Otis Cole ; 1871-7 1, C \ Cressey ; 1874, V . W, Smith ; 1875-76, J. ». Foteoni ; 1877-79, A. F. Baxter; 1880-82, C W.Taylor; 1883-84, William w I , 1885, Frederic* C Pillsbnry. (II A PTEB VI. HUDSON— (Continued) N ittinghain West Soldiers in 1748— Soldiers in the French and Indian War of 1754-60— Nottingham West in the Revolution— Committees of Safety and Inspection— Test Oath— Bounties Paid by the Town— Captain Samuel Greeley's Company — Nottingham West Soldiers in the Revolution. [n volume two of the Adjutant-* reneral's Report for 1 -idtj, in the muster-roll of Captain John < jotl'e's com- pany, employed in scouting and guarding the Souhe- gan, Monson and Stark garrisons, in 1748, I find the names of John Bradbury, John Carkin, Samuel Houston, John Hewcy, Isaac Page and John Pollard, all being names of persons then residents of this Nottingham West Soldiers in the French and Indian War of 1754-60. — In Captain Joseph Blanchard's company, doing duty on the Merrimack River in the fall of 1754, — Peter Cross, Isaac- Waldron, Stephen < lhase and John Carkin. In Major Bellows' company, doing duty on the Connecticut River at the same time, — Amos Kenney and Henry Hewey. In Captain James Todd's company, .Second Regi- ment, 17oi, — James lilodgett, John Carkin and Jere- miah Hills. John Pollard was also in the army (he same year. In 1757, James Wason, Micajah Winn and Tim- othy Emerson; and in 175S, Amos Pollard, Asa Worcester, Ensign John Pollard, Joshua Chase, Eli- jah Hills, Joseph Lowell, Jonathan Hardy, Samuel Houston, Nathaniel Haseltine, John Catkin and Thomas Wason, In Captain Noah Lovewell's company, in 1760, — Amos Kenney and Samlets Bradbury. The foregoing names are all found in the report he- fore mentioned, but it is not supposed to be a full list of the names of all the men from this town who were soldiers in that seven years' war. It is believed that all those whose names are given above were men from this, town, as men of the sain, names were residents here at that time; yet we have no positive evidence that such is the fact. Nottingham West in the Revolution.— April 2... 177-', Abraham Page was elected to "join with the Congress at Exeter, to act upon such matters as shall be thought proper and expedient for the public good." May 7th, he was again chosen to "join the Conven- tion of Delegates., to meet at Exeter .May 17th." At the same meeting it was " Voted, Thai the per- sons who shall inlist, to be ready on any emergency when called for, shall have forty shillings per month for their wages.' At a special town-meeting, June 12, 177o, — " ( hose Moses Johnson, Samuel Greeley, Elijah Hills, Tim- othy Smith, John Haseltine, Deacon Ebenezer Cum- mings and Alexander Davis a Committee of In- spection." In April, 177-"), the following Test Oath was sent out to each town in the State: i i>\ .-i. mnlj engage and promise that w. will, to the utmost of our power, at the risque of our lives and fortunes, with ones oppose the Hostile l'loreeilm;^ nt the Uritish Fieri, aiel \ 1 lull's -i -aili-1 Ih- r nil. .1 \ in. 1 i. ;ui CImIij....' Every person was required to sign this tesl or be regarded as an enemy to the country. In this town one hundred and nineteen signed tin pledge, and one only. Captain Joseph Kclley, refused to sign. Captain Kclley at that time owned the ferry near where Taylor's Falls bridge now is, kept a tavern neat the same, \\as a man of had repute and feared by the inhabitants. He afterwards removed to Wentworth. in this State, where he became a pauper. At an adjourned town-meeting, September 30, 1776, " Voted to allow Major SamueK irceley and the select men, viz: Asa Davis, John Haseltine and William Burns, for expenses on their march to Lexington fight, five dollars— CI 10s. 0d." At the annual meeting March 10, 1777, " Voted to choose Lieutenant Ezekiel Hills, Captain JamesFord and Lieutenant David Cummings, a committee ot inspection and safety." April 7th, " Voted to raise eighty dollars for each of those linn that should enlist into the Continental army for three years." April loth, " Voted to raise twenty dollars for each ofthose men that should enlist into the Continental army as an additional bounty to what has been already raised." July 1 1th, " Chose Deacon Ebenezer Cummings and Scth Wyman in addition to the committee of safety and inspection last elm-en." Annual town-meeting March 16, 1778, " Chose Jno. Caldwell, Captain Marsh, Deacon Ebenezer Cum- ininos. Thomas Smith, George Burns as a c aittei of safety and inspection for this present year." Special town-meeting June 24th, "The towu voted 474 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. to choose a committee, viz. : Asa Davis, Esq. .William Burns, Timothy Smith, Ensign David Lawrence, Dea- con Ehenezer Cummings, Ensign Daniel Hardy, Lieu- tenant John Hazeltine, Jr., and empower them to hire and agree with any men or number of men, and what sum of money they will give, provided at any time the militia should be called upon to march, in order to stop our enemy on any sudden emergenc; At a special meeting November 2d, " Voted, that what was formerly Nottingham West should pay the six hundred dollars that was paid by subscription to Richard Cutter and John Campbell for service in the war this present year." •■ Voted to give those families (viz. : 5) whose hus- bands are in the Continental army two hundred dollars- £36." Annual meeting: March 1. 177H, "Voted, that the selectmen take care of the soldiers' families this year." April 5th, "Chose a committee, viz.: Timothy Smith, Samuel Pollard, Captain Moses Barrett, Daniel Marshall, Deacon Ehenezer Cummings, William Burns and Samuel Wason, ami gave them discretion- ary power to hire and agree with men as they think proper, in order to stop our enemy on any enier- June 21st, " Voted to give the selectmen discretion- ary power to hire and agree with the remainder of our present quotaof men, for the Continental army during the war, in behalf of the town." March ti. 1780, " Votedto allow the present select- men the interest money they have paid in procuring soldiers for the army in the year 1779." July 3. 1780, at a town-meeting held at the house of Samuel Greeley, inn-holder, " Voted,aa a town, to hire six soldiers for the term of six months, to join the Continental army, and chose a committee to effect the same, viz. : Asa Davis, James Ford and David Law- rence, and likewise gave said committee discretionary power to hire and agree with any men, or number of men, upon any emergency in behalf of the town, for the present year." February •">, 1781, " Voted to raise our quota of men tii till up the battalion in the Continental army, and chosea committee in order to procure and agree with the men in behalf of the town, namely, — Timothy Smith, Captain Samuel Marsh, Daniel .Marshall, Lieutenant Ezekiel Hills, Lieutenant David Cum- mings." March 5th, " Fbfedtogive thecommittei last chosen discretionary power to agree with the soldiers for young cattle, and to give their ..1. ligations for the same in behalf of the town." Two beef-rates were assessed in 1781, amounting to six hundred and eight pounds " in bills of the new emission, or in the old hills at forty to one." The corn-rate for 1780 was four hundred and thirty- four bushels, and for 1781 five hundred and sixty- four bushels. July '.i. 1781," Voted, that the former committee still stand good and have discretionary power to hire anl :!_[• e with soldiers in behalf of the town, as oc- casion may require." July 30th, " Voted to choose a committee to raise soldiers that i- and may be called tor this present year, and give them discretionary power to give their obligations in behalf of the town." " Voted, that said committee consist of three nun, viz. : Captain Peabody, Lieutenant Peter Cross, En- sign Elijah Hills." " Voted, that the obligations which the committee has given to the soldiers for corn, in behalf of the town, that the rate therefor be made in corn only, without mentioning money." December, 1781," Voted to approve of the select- men selling of the old paper money, eighty dollars for one of the new emision." April 17, 17S2, " Voted to choose a committee of three, namely,— Joseph Greeley, Lieutenant Reuben Spalding and Ensign Nathaniel Davis, as a commit- tee to hire seven Continental soldiers for three years, or during the war, and give them power as they shall see tit." May 13th, " Voted to choose a committee to raise the Continental soldiers called for, namely, — Major James Ford, Captain Cummings, Ensign Elijah Hills. Jeremiah Hills, Joseph Blodgett, Ensign Simeon Bar- rett, Lieutenant Ezekiel Hills, Seth Hadley. Henrj Tarhox, Lieutenant Benjamin Kidder and Seth Wi- colil." '• Voted, To impower this committee, in behalf of the Town, to give their private security tor to hire sai.l Soldiers, not to exceed 100 dollars for each soldier yearly, for three years." It is a matter of regret that a complete list of the names of all the soldier- who served their country, from this town, in the War of the Revolution, cannot he given. No town documents to show wdio they were can he found, and a i'vw of their names only are incidentally mentioned in the town records. Ho,,. Isaac W. Hammond, Assistant Secretary of State, has kindly furnished some valuable informa- tion, some has been gathered from the Adjutant- General's Reports, and some names have been ob- tained from other sources, Within the limited time given to complete this his- tory it has been impossible for me to make an ex- haustive research for all the names of those patriotic soldiers possible to be obtained. The following names are given as a partial list of the men from Nottingham West who were soldiers in the War of the Revolution. Nottingham West Soldiers in the Revolution. — The following was copied from the original paper in the possession of the New Hampshire Historical So- ciety, by Hon. D. F. Secomb: "A muster-roll .■! Ciqit. S;imiii.-1 Gic-l.-y's c..in|.aiiy, who turuol out ,i- 475 volunteers from Nottingham west, in New Hampshire, at the time of Lexington tattle, on the 19th day of April, 1775." Samuel Greeley, captain ; .lolin Kcllcy. lieutenant ; John Pollard, ensign ; James Ford, clerk ; William Merrill, sergeant ; William Burns, sergeant ; Ebenezer Pollard, sergeant ; Justus DaUiu, corporal ; Simeon Barrett, corporal ; Jonathan Bradley, corporal ; John I ollard, corporal ; Benjamin Marshall, lifer ; Samuel Currier, ftfer ; Samuel Mareta, Reu- ben Spalding, Peter Cross, Ebenezer Cummings, Kbetie/.er Perry, Elijah Hills, Ezekiel Hills, Jeremiah Hills, Samuel Hills, Richard Marshall, Daniel Hardy, Seth Hadley, Abijah Reed, Richard Cutter, Nehemiah Winn, Benjamin Whittemore, Abiathcr Winn, Stephen Chase, Jr., Joshua I hase, John Haseltine, David Glover, Oliver Hrlls, Page Smith, Samuel Campbell, Samuel Smith, Moms Barrett, Etichard Hardy, Jona- than Blodgett, Joseph Greeley, Samuel Durant, Samuel Moore, Andrew Seavey, Stephen Chase, James Pemberton, John Osgood, Nat. Hardy, Benjamin Marshall, Daniel Marshall, John Walker, Joseph Gould, Ji , John Merrill, David Cunrmings, Thomas Wason, Alexander Caldwell, Thomas Caldwell, Asa Davis, Samuel \\ ason, tchabod Eastman, Abraham Page, Nat. Davis. The "muster-roll " also gives the number of days each man served and the number of miles travelled ; also, the number of pounds of pork furnished and the number of gallons of rum. Of pork there were four hundred and twenty-four pounds, at sixty (?) cents per pound ; rum, twelve gallons, at twenty-two cents per gallon. The following Nottingham West soldiers were known to have been in Captain Walker's company at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 : Joseph Blodgett, Stephen Chase, Joshua Severence, Joseph Greeley, Nehemiah Winn and Abijah Reed. Joseph Greeley was severely wounded in the ankle. By the provincial census taken in September, 1775, Nottingham West was credited with having twenty- two soldiers in the army. The following is a list of Nottingham West soldiers who enlisted for three years to fill up the Continental Battalions, April, 1777 : In Captain Emers.oi'b Company, OVM/'s Iujimeiit. Sanders Bradbury, sergeant ; died of disease, 177', Amos Kinney, killed. Nathaniel Hardy, discharged April 10, 1780. /„ Captain F. .11. BeU'i Company, Halt' « Begimmt teredMayl, 1777], Daniel Wyman. Epliraim Jones. Elijah Gould. Samuel French. John Seavey. James Eastman. Enlisted, at York. JoBeph Severence and Samuel Kinney ; Thomas Perry, enlisted April 12, 177"; discharged April 10, 1780. "New Levies." Abel Sargeant, Isaac Foot, Asa Hamblet and Thomas Cutter enlisted June is, 1780; discharged December, ITsu Aaron II 1, enlisted February 28, 1781. Ezra Carlton, enlisted April 23, 1781. Joseph Marshall, enlisted February ■•:*, 17s], Eliphalet Brown, enlisted April 6, 1781. Enlisted for Si' Months, July, 1781,«/or West Point. Jonathan Farwell. James Pemberton. Daniel Pierce. Timothy Smith. Abel Sargent. Enlisted for Six Month* May U, 1782. Jonathan Farwell. Daniel Pierce. James Pemberton. Timothy Smith. Abel Sargent. Abel Merrill. Samuel Brown. Joseph HobbS and Simeon Butterfield were mustered by c 1 rye, June 16, 1782. Upon the " Ticonderoga Alarm," in June, 1777, a company of twenty-four men was raised in Notting- ham West and vicinity, commanded by Captain James Ford, of this town. They marched as far as Dublin, where an express met them ordering them home. They returned the 5th of July, and the next, day were "ord I out again, and went as far as No. 4, where they heard of the evacuation of Ticonderoga and returned." Captain James Ford commanded Company 3 of Colonel Nichols' regiment at the battle of Benning- ton, August 10, 1777, where he was wounded in both thighs, from which he suffered a lameness through life. Names of other soldiers who are known to have been in the army, — Ebenezer Pollard was at the battle of Bennington ; Seth Cutler enlisted in Stark's regiment May, 1777 ; he was in the battles of Ben- nington, Trenton and Princeton, and several others of less note. Richard Cutter was in the army from June 10, 1778, to January, 1779. John Caldwell, 1776, Timothy Pollard, Gideon Butler, John Camp- bell, Roger Merrill, Jonathan Perry, James Brown, Jonathan Marsh, Theodore Merrill, Robert Bettys, John Haseltine, Jr., William Merrill, Isaac Merrill. The account of Nottingham West for pay-roll on alarm at Cambridge was fifty-six pounds. At a town-meeting, October 9, 1777, — " Voted, to choose Lt. Ezikel Hills, Jno. Caldwell, Jno. Hale, Lt. Wil- liam Merrill and Samuel Wason a committee to set a valuation upon what had I n >\n\o- towards can vine ,,,, the present war, and to make report thereof to the Town." The committee made a report at a meeting, Decem- ber 22, 1779.— " It was put to vote to see if the Town would accept of the report of the committee that wa- hoseu to settle what each man hath done in this Town in this present war. " Votfl ill tile llee;tti\e. " It was put to vote to see if they would accept any part of the report of the above committee. " 1 olid in the affirmative " The report is not recorded, but upon a tax made by the selectmen, December 29, 1778, " to hire schooling and defray town charges," the following persons, in addition to names already given as soldiers, have credits placed against their names, in most instances the whole amount of their tax. There is good reason for supposing that a majority of these men, but not all, had been in the army. Some may have been credited on account of their sons. : .v, Stephen Chase, Jr., Ensign Nathaniel Merrill, John Walker, Benjamin Marshall, John Pollard. Jr.. Ju.-eph Winn, Jr., Joshua Chase, Asahel Blodgett, Joseph Blodgett, Justus Dakin, Moses Barrett. Jr., Stephen Hadley, Eliphlet Hadley, Jr., David Glover, Samuel Caldwell, Samuel Wasoll, .lames Caldwell, Thomas Caldwell, Nathaniel Haseltine, Thomas Hamblet, George Burns, Jr., John Merrill, William Bums, Si. nine! Smith, .It , l',i-f Smith, John Hah-. Peter Cross, Isaac Barrett, Caleb Seieivnee, r ; llM e, Elijah Hills, William Hills, David Marsh, Richard Marshall, Thomas Marsh. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Credits were also allowed to many of the same per- sons upon tax-lists made November 8, 177!', and January 19, L780. CHAPTER VII. HUDSON— {Continued). Hudson in the War of the Rebellion— Names "f Hinlsun Soldiers-Boun- ties Paid bythe Town— Drafted Men who Furnished Substitutes— other Men who Furnished Substitute — Keliel of Soldiers Families- Soldiers' Aid Society. A> in the War of the Revolution, so in the late Civil War, the quota of soldiers allotted to the town by the State, on the many calls for troops, was promptly rilled. The names of the Hudson soldiers, with the date of their enrollment or mustering, time of service and regiments and companies in which they served, are presented in the following lists. The First New Hampshire Regiment was raised in answer to the call of President Lincoln, of April 15, 1861, for seventy-five thousand men for three months. It was under the command of Colonel Mason W. Tappan, and was mustered in at Concord on the 4th of -May. left for Washington ou the 25th, and, upon the expiration of its term of service, returned and was mustered out at Concord ou the following 9th of August. Three Hudson men enlisted in this regiment,— William I. Walker, Company K, mustered out August9th; re-enlisted i'i tie- Seventh New Hampshire Regiment. \i. . i ... | , t r.\ K mustered out August 9th; re-enlisted in l J t V llainp-hiie Regiment. Eben Cuttle, I impanj K, mustered out August 9, 1861. Third New Hampshire Regiment enlisted for three years; colonel, Enoch Q. Fellows. This regiment was mustered in August 20th ; left Concord September 3, 1861, and on the following 19th of October was ordered to the seat of war in South Carolina. The Hudson soldiers in this regiment were, — >., i_ ]' i arr. Company F., wounded and captured at James Island June 10,1802; died in the hand; of the enemy, at Charleston, s c., June 28, 181 2, p. to ll.oinessey, Company K, i nlisted Fehruary 10, 1804. \\ illi mi F. Millett, Company E, mustered out August 23, 1864. Georgt W. Miller, Companj F, wounded severely (left arm ampu- i ., .,- ,! , ... Moid June 16, 1862; discharged fol disability Nathan i al IweU, ' ompanj I , nlisted February 22, L864. Charles A. Wyman, Company F. mustered out August -';. 1864. William F. Hardy, uin-i. i.-d ■■m \u-u-t 23, 1804. The fourth New Hampshire Regiment was mus- tered in Manchester in September, 1861, and left for Washington on the 27th, under the command of Colo- nel Thomas J. Whipple. The Hudson men in this regiment, enlisted for three year-, in Company li, were, — Caleb; Marshall, discharged to, disability at Beaufort, S i , Mo 1,11, Charles A. Rohinsoii, discharged tor disability at IVaiiloit, > i , o, toberl'.', 181 l. Hugh Watts, discharged for disability March 12, ls,,;l. In Company K, — Samuel T. Coffin, musician, discharged for disability February 11. 1864. Israel W. Young, discharged for disability at DeCtUnp Hospital N ^ June 4, 1804. Company G, of the Second United States Sharp- shooters, enlisted in this State for three years ; was mustered in December 12, 1861. The Hudson men in the company were, — Harvard I' Smith, sergeant; promoted t ■ second lieutenant October ]' 1803; promoted to captain November 1,1862; grounded May 6, 1H0J; mustered out December J I, 1.- 1 Nonas Smith, promoted to sergeant; re-enlisted December 24, 1803; wounded May ill, 1804 ; promoted to first lieutenant January 10, 1805; honorably .lis, barged. Joseph G. Winn, killed at Antietam, Md„ September 17, lsoj. Dustin B. Smith, re-enlisted February IT, 1804 ; transferred to Filth New Volunteers January :lu, 180> ; mustered out June 28, Alien Steele, died of disease at W.i s|, i ngtoii, D. I'., January 22. I-OJ Dura 1'. Dow, promoted to corporal January 14, 1800 ; died ot dis.-a-.- February 20, 1803. Job F. Thomas, wounded slightly at Antietam September 17, 1st, j ; dis- charged on account of wounds December 14, 1863. William H. Thomas, discharged for disability February 13, 1863. Charles H. Hopkins, wounded severely in the arm at Antietam Septem- ber IT, 1862 ; discharged on account of wounds Januai Henry Taylor, died at Washington March li, 1802. Joseph S. Floyd, enlisted as a recruit February 12. 1804 ; killed at the Wilderness. Va., May 0, 1804. Charles B Osgood, enlisted as a recruit February 25, 1864; wounded Haj 16, 1864; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 311, lsi,5 ; honorably discharged. The Seventh New Hampshire Regiment was en- Listed lor three years; mustered in at Manchester December 2-t, 1861, and left for Florida by the way of New York, under command of Colonel H. S. Putnam. January 14, 1862. In Company 15, of this regiment, were the following Hudson men : Leander II. Cummings, promoted t -poral May 0, 1802 : wounded and captured July IS, 1803 ; died of wounds at Charleston, S. C, July 28, 1863 Albert i ampbell, discharged by civil authority January T. 1 B62. William J. Fifleld. William I.. Walker, re-enlisted from First New Hampshire Regiment ; promoted to sergeant August 1, 1864 ; mustered out December 22, 1804. Otis A. Merrill, Company H, enlisted August 21, 1802 ; promoted to -> i - geant; mustered out June 20, 1865. Andrew J. Berry, Company II, enlisted August 21, 1802 ; killed at Fort Wagner, S. 0., July 18, 1863. The Eighth New Hampshire Regiment was also enlisted at Manchester for three years, commanded by Colonel Hawks Fearing and mustered in Decern- ber 23, 1861. It left Manchester for Ship Island, Miss., by way of Boston, January 4, 1862. The following Hudson men were in the Eighth Regiment : Levi F. Cross, Company A, discharged for disability at Carrollton, La., October 27, 1862; re-enlisted in the Eighteenth New Hampshire I: Robert D. Caldwell. Company A, mustered out January 1-, lsc", Abel F. Gould, Cmnpaui \. 1.--.-HH-.I.-.I fl"in Fn-l V-u 1 l.i]n].>h ii .■ lb-gi- ment ; drovi 1 at Alexandria, La., May 1", 18G:}. James Hales, Company D. Aims M. Young, Company I>. re-enlisted Januarj 4, 18l'.4 ; transferred to Company A, Veteran Battalion, Fighth New Hampshire Volun- teers, January 1. i M > ; -- John P. Young, C panj V, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps May 1, 1S64. Charlee A. Russell, Company E, killed at Georgia Landing, La., Octo- ber 27, 18G2. John Smith, Company F, mustered out Octob.-l 24, lsi',4. The Ninth New Hampshire Regiment was organ- ized at Concord, and left the State August 25, 1862, under command of Colonel E. Q. Fellows. The Hudson men enlisted for three years were, — Jesse S. Bean, corporal I'umpany I, wounded slightly December 13, 1SG2 ; transferred to Veteran 1;. -serve Coil's January 1."., 1 so 1 ; mus- tered ..in Julj :.. 1865. Kill- I. Foot.-, I '..mpany F, died .-I di.-.'ase at Alitl.-taiii, Md., 1 '< tober :., 1862. Thomas P. Ornery, CompanyC, captured May 12, 1864 ; died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., August 28, 1864 ; grave No. 7072. Prior to August, 1862, no bounties to volunteers to till the quota of Hudson in the war had been offered or paid by the town. At a meeting held the 12th of August of that year the town " Voted to pay a bounty of two hundred dollars to each person who will enlist into the sen ice of the United States as a volunteer for three- years, or during the war; until the last day of August, unless the quota of the town is sooner filled." Another town-meeting was held September 11th, at which it was voted to pay a bounty of two hun- dred dollars to each volunteer for three years, not to exceed twenty, and one hundred dollars for nine mouths' volunteers. The Tenth New Hampshire Regiment was mustered in at Manchester September 5, 1862, and left for the seat of war on the 22d. The Hudson soldiers enlisted in Company I'. for three years in this regiment were, — Charles H. Kershaw, corporal. John D. Farriuin, corpora], transferred t.. Veteran Iies.r.. - ustlo, 1m;::. William H. Durant, discharged for disability May 20, 18G3 ; enlisted in Invalid Corps September2, 1864 no. tered out November 15,1865. Joseph French, mustered out June 21. 1865. Francis Tetro, mustered out June 21, 1865. Robert French, Company C, mustered out June 20, 1865. The Thirteenth New Hampshire Regiment enlisted for three years, left Concord October 6, 1*02, under command of Colonel Aaron F. Stevens, of Nashua. In Company I of this regiment eighteen Hudson men enlisted September 20th, whose names are given below, — James M. Greeley, ,-,-rge.int, .lis. barged t..i disability at Washington February 25, 1SG3 ; enlisted in Heavy Artillery September 6, 1864. Nathan M. Pd..dg.-tt, corporal, .iis.liaig.-d !.\ order, at Portsmouth, Va., November 30, 1863. Reuben Cummings. musician, must. -red out June 21, 1865. Alden M. Jones, musician, mustered out June 21, 1st:,,-,. George W. Batch.-l.ler. .-aptur-1 o, r.-t- i _-7, lsi:,4: died of disease at Sal- isbury, N. ('., February 12, 1865. Henry Butler, wounded December 13, 1862 ; promoted to corporal April 1, 1863; mustered out June 21, 186... lira. It.. id < 'alnpl.ell, iiioleie.l .Mil .Inn,- 21, ISii.V Henry T. Colburn, discharged for disability ai Concord, N. H., July 13, I-.,.;. Oilman F. Chas.-. t ran -1.- led I. < .iu|.an> I ', Sept.-inl.ei -\ 1>'.J . Iiaus- f.-rr.-d I-. brigade Land .l.iuuan -' -, !-•:: : muster.-.l .-at June 21, 18G5. Rufus Fletcher, mustered out June 21, Is.",;.. Lorenzo Fuller, mustered out .Inn.- 17, 1865. Frederick Hiccox, mustered out May I - 1865 Napol E. Jones, must red out June 21, 1865. Willi. mi l: 1.,-ni-, PI--IO-.I.-.I i p..r.il \piill 1863 wounded Blightly May 10, Is. ,4 ; pr..iuol.-.l t.. M-igeaiit .tune 7, Isi.l , iiui-t. red ..lit Jon.- 21, 1865. -la.ob Maisliall, died of disease at P. .1 Niii-.iilli, Va., August 21, 1863. Otis R. Marsh, wounded severely Octobei -'7. i-- May 28, 1865. Andrew -I. Smith, killed at Petersburg, Va., June 26, L864. JamesG Smith, died ..t disease at Portsmouth, Va., October 3, 1SG3. The town continued the bounty of two hundred dollars to men who enlisted for three years, and De- cembers, 1863, " Voted to assume the State and gov- ernment bounties, and add thereto the sum of three hundred dollars to each volunteer." "Voted to pay the men who were drafted September 2, 1863, one hundred dollars each in addition to the two hundred already paid them." " Voted to pay a bounty of two hundred dollars to men who enlisted in 1801, and who tire now in the service, they having received no town bounty." At a meeting held June 18, 1804, it was voted to pay a bounty of three hundred dollars to volunteers for three years, or to drafted men; and August 29th the town " Voted to pay each soldier who shall enlist and lie mustered into the service of the United States, who shall have been for three months previous a res- ident of this town, for one year eight hundred dollars, for two years nine hundred dollars, for three years one thousand dollars." This included the State and United States bounties. In Company F, of the First Regiment New Hamp- shire Heavy Artillery, sixteen Hudson men enlisted, September 0, 1804, for one year, whose names are given below, all of whom were mustered out June 15, 1865,— Samuel M. Walker, corporal. James McCoy, corporal, reduced t. George W. Berry, appointed Lucius T. linker. James s. Blodgett. Albert A. Campbell. James N. Corliss. Join. W. Fletcher. Frank J. Fuller. Sai 1 A. Greeley. The following is a lis enlisted into the service : John H. Phillips, enlisted for tb it., .line- I, 1865, December lit, 1864. James M, Greeley. Horace J. Hainblet. George S. McCoy. Austin T. M.-rrill. Frederick F. Smith. WillardO. Winn. if other Hudson men who lid i September, 1863; discharged foi disability January 27, I,.. i Warren Smith, enlisted in Troop A, First Regiment, New Hampshire Cavalry ; mustered in March 24, 18G4 ; promot.-d t | I u..-. 1864; wounded severely August 25, 1864, and died of wounds soon after. Jonathan Burbank, enlisted f..r nine months in I'.-mpany F. 1 7th N,-\v Hampshire Regiment; mustered in October it, ISG2 ; mustered out at Memphis, T.-nu., August 1:, Is.,;:, .i, k ;,t Memphis and died 478 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The following enlisted for one year in Company E, Eighteenth New Hampshire Regiment; mustered in September 28, 1864 : Levi E. Cross, corporal, mustered out June 10, 1365. Cyrus Cross, mustered out .Tun.; 10, 1865. The following Hudson men were in the United States navy : James 11. Shaw, enlisted in the navy April 19, 1861, and was 1 ably discharged April 19, 1865. Thomas M. Senter, enlisted for two years June, 1862 ; ro-cnlistcd for two years February 27, 1S63. , _. I, -, nter, enlisted as acting master's mate June, 1862 ; resigned June, 1803. Joseph W. Wallace. Michael Harney and .Samuel L. Bevel listment unknown. The following are the names of Hudson men who enlisted in Massachusetts regiments : Almon S. Senter, enlisted in Sixth Massachusetts Regiment for nine months; afterwards in Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, andserved through the war. Aaron B. Frost, Twelfth Massachusetts Regiment. Jamison Greeley, Company M, Fourteenth Massachusetts Regiment. Samuel M. Walker, Company C, Sixteenth Massachusetts Regiment. William Livingstone, Thirty-sixth Massachusetts Regiment. The following enlisted in unknown Massachusetts regiments : George McQ -U"" 8 Baker - Henry H. Dane. Patrick Bradley. JameB 0. Dane. The following enlisted in a Maine regiment : Myron W T . Harris and Henry Harris. The following are the names of men drafted in 1863 who furnished substitutes : John B. Marshall. E. Wesley Hill. Willard 0. Winn. Augustus i Blodgett, IraTempleton. Obediah F, Smith. Nehemiah H. Gage. Kidde John C. Smith. Charles H. Gra Edwin S. Gowil The following is a list of men not draftei ished substitutes : David 0. Smith. Jimery ranter. Franklin A. Hill. Augustus II. Morrison. Willard H. Webster. Kimball Webster. Alfred C. Ripley. Daniel M. Greeley. Alphonso Robinson. David Clement, Jr. Charles St. i 1 The names of these twenty-four substitutes, to- gether with thirteen others furnished by the town, all being non-residents and principally aliens, are omitted. In giving the names of the soldiers, it has been my purpose to give the names of those who were resi- dents of this town, a few of which were credited to other towns. At the close of the war this town was credited at the adjutant-general's office with twelve men more than its full quota under all the calls for soldiers during the war, ami it was claimed that twenty-one men more than its quota had been furnished, after allowing all due credits to other towns. The whole number of enlistments credited to Hud- sou by the adjutant-general was one hundred and thirty-rive. Amount of bounty paid by the town to soldiers, a part of which was afterwards reimbursed by the State and United States, thirty-six thousand seven hundred and twenty-five dollars. October 14, 1861, the town elected Hiram Marsh, Gilman Andrews and Stephen D. Greeley a committee to relieve the families of soldiers, and instructed that committee to pay not exceeding one dollar a week each for the wives, children and parents dependent upon soldiers serving in the army from this town or such as may hereafter enlist, This committee paid for the relief of such families during the war upwards of seven thousand dollars, which was reimbursed by the State. At the beginning of the war, April 24, 1861, at a citizens' meeting, held at the town-house, the amount of two hundred and twenty-three dollars was sub- scribed and paid for the purpose of furnishing volun- teers who had enlisted with necessary outfits, in addi- tion to such as were furnished by the government. On the 29th of October of the same year, at another meeting of the citizens, the Hudson Soldiers' Aid Society was organized, and was continued in active and successful operation till the close of the war. The president of this society was Addison Heald ; its secretary, Mrs. Nancy B. Merrill; and its treas- urer, Mrs. Addison Heald; with an executive com- mittee composed of ten ladies, one from each school district,— Mrs. Thomas Gowing, Mrs. Luther Pollard, Mrs. Samuel Morrison, Miss Mary Buttrick, Mrs. D. M. Greeley, Mrs. Oliver Hill, Mrs. David Seavey, Mrs. Robert A. Andrews, Mrs. J. E. Greeley and Mrs. James M. Greeley. This society contributed, collected, bought material and manufactured and forwarded to the soldiers, in large quantities, articles of necessity and comfort, such as comfortable clothing, bedding, lint, bandages, dried fruits, comforts for the sick and wounded in the hospitals and necessaries for the use and convenience of the men in the field and camp. These contributions were greatly appreciated by the soldiers at the front, and did much to relieve their sufferings and add to their scanty comforts. CHAPTER VIII. HUDSON— (Continued). First Town Officers, 1733— Moderators ot Annual Town-Meetings, Select- men and Town Clerks of Nottingham from 1734 to 1741— Moderators of Annual Town-Meetings, Selectmen and Clerks of the District of Nottingham from 174:1 to 174:.— Moderators of Annual Town-Meetings, Town Clerks and Selectmen from 1740 to 1SS... I >o|, •■., t.-s to 1 n.ral Court, etc , from 1733 to 1885— Representatives to the General I ourt front 177o to lss— Votes for State resident from 1784 to 1792— Votes foi Got i from 1793 to 1884. The first election for the choice of town officers HUDSON. 479 for the town of Nottingham was held at the house of Ensign John Snow on the 1st day of May, 1733. The following is a full list of all the officers chosen at that meeting, and who held their office until the annual meeting in March. 1734: Captain Robert Fletcher, moderator; Henry Baldwin, town clerk; Henry Baldwin, Captain Robert Fletcher, John Taylor, Joseph Snow" John Butler, selectmen; Joseph Hamblet, constable ; John Snow, town treasurer ; Nathaniel Hills, tithingman ; James Perham, Joseph Winn. Eleazer Cunimings, surveyors; Thomas cUim-ii, Samuel Butler, fence- viewers; Edward Spalding, Jonathan Perham, field-drivers ; Phiueas Spalding, J. dm Hainldet, bug-reeves. The following is a list of moderators of annual town meetings, town clerks and selectmen of the town of Nottingham from 1734 to 1741 : MODERATORS OF ANNUAL TOWN-MEETINGS. Henry Baldwin, 1734, 37, '38. John Butler, 1735, '41. Joseph Snow, 1736, '39. Thomas Colburn, 1740. SELECTMEN. 1734.— Henry Baldwin, Robert Fletcher, Zacchens Lovewell, John Butler, Eleazer Cumminga. 1735.— John Butler, Robert Fletcher, Thomas Colburn. 1736. — Daniel F^tcher, William C rings, John Butler. 1737.— Henry Baldwin, Joseph Hamblet, John Butler. 1738.— Henry Baldwin, John llutler, Joseph Hamblet, Joseph Winn, John Baldwin. 1739.— Eleazer Cunimings, Zaccheus Lovewell, Jonathan Sn..w. 1740.— Thomas Colburn, /.accbeus Lovewell, John Stow. 1741. — Homy Baldwin, Joseph Hamblet, Thomas Gage. TOWN CLERKS. Henry Baldwin, 1734, '37, 38, 41. John Butler, 1735, '36. Jonathan Snow, 1739, '40. Until 1741 the town was supposed to be wholly in Massachusetts, and was under the laws and jurisdic- tion of that State ; but upon the settlement of the province line in that year, the town was divided, and the greater part fell within the limits of New Hamp- shire, and Nottingham in this State became a district, and remained as such until 174G. There is no record of any town or district meeting from November 22, 1741, to August 9, 1743, at which last meeting the first district officers were elected. MODERATORS OF ANNUAL MEETINGS. Henry Baldwin, 174:!, '44. Thomas Colburn, 1745. Tb- mas Gage, 1740. SELECTMEN. 171:; Zh.v1i.mi- Livowell, F./oki.d Chase, Samuel Greeley. 1744.— Ezekiel Chase, Joseph Hamblet, John Marshall. 1745.— Zaccheus Lovewell, Samuel Greeley, Samuel Butler. Samuel Greeley was elected district clerk at the first meeting, and was re-elected each year afterwards as long as Nottingham remained a district. The charter of Nottingham West as a town, as we have seen, was dated July 5, 174ti, and the first meet- ing for the election of town officers was held July 17th. The following lists present the names of the persons who have held the several offices of moderator of an- nual town-meetings, town clerk and selectmen from the year 174(3 to 1885, with the years in which they were respectively chosen : MODERATORS I iF ANXr.U, TOW N MEETINGS FROM 1740 To 1 Zaccheus Lovewell, 1740. Thomas Colburn, 1717, '48, 'I 1 ', '50, '51, '53, '58, Ezekiel Chaa ,1 I, '65, '66, '67. '68, '70. Abraham Page, 1759, '60, 71. 72, :.:. 71. 7."., '77, '7-. Daniel Merrill, 1761. Ephraim Cunimings, 170-', '0.;. Henry Hale, 1769. Tn, •S4, '87, ''.is, 88, 'KO, 90 .Mar- Phineas Underwood, 1791, '02, ':<:;, '.'I Moses Johnson, 1700, '07. .less.. Davidson, 1802, '03. Isaac Merrill, 1804, '05, '06, '07, '08, '10, '11. ' Robert Patterson, 1809. Caleb S. Ford, 1S13, '14, '15, '10, '17, '19, '21, JO, '32. Noah Robinson, 1818. Joseph Greeley, 1820, '2:'.. Thomas Ii. Wason, 1830, '31, '33, '34, '3o, '36, Jabez P. F. Truss, 1840, '41, '42, '43, '44, '45, Jeremiah Smith, 1840. Ethan Willoughby, 1850, '51. James Emery, 185:1, '54, '59, '60, 66, For the years 184!) and 1852 the election of mode- rator is not recorded. TOWN CLERKS FROM 170. I'" I--'.. Samuel Greeley, 1746. Samuel Greeley, Jr., 1747. Doctor Ezekiel Chase, 1748. Samuel i; ley, Jr., 1740 to 1781, except 1777. Samuel Greeley, Jr. (son of the last Samuel;, 1777. Timothy Smith, 1782 to 1784. Asa Davis, 17S5 to 1705 and 1801 to 1807. Joseph Greeley, 1700 to 1800. James Gibson, 1808 to 1811. Joseph Greeley, Jr., 1812 to 1815. Joseph Pollard, 1816 and 1817. Asa Blodgett, 1818 to 1825. Foster Towns, 1826. Reuben Greeley, 1827 to 1S::7. James Pierce, 1838 and 1839. Henry M. Hooke, 1840. Daniel McCoy, 1841. Dustin B. Faruum, 1842 and 184:;. Paul Colburn, 1844 to 1856. William II. ilia.--, 1*57 and 1858. John i Webster, 1859. Eli Hamblet, I860 to 1868. Josiah K. Wheeler, 1S09 and 187o. Waldo P. Walton, 1871, '72. '74. .lames Emery, 1875 and 1S77. t James G. Walker, 1870. James B. Merrill, 1873 and 18So, to 1885. •SELECTMEN FROM 1740 To L885. 1740. — Samuel Greeley, /.accbeus Lovewell, Elea/.er Curnmings. 1747.— Ezekiel Chase, John Marsh, John Marshall, Samuel Greeley, Jr., James Wason. 174S.— Thomas Colburn, Samuel Greeley, Ezekiel Chase, William Cunimings, James Hills. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. ige Danii I Merrill. mining-, Saiiiu.-I Mar-h 1749.— John Marshall, Stephen Chase, Joseph Winn, II. Samuel Greeley, Jr. 1750.— John Marsh, Samuel Greeley, Jr., George Burns. 1751.— Samuel Merrill, Eleazer Oummings, Samuel Greelej 1752.— George Burns, S.nuti.l Cre. ■!'■>. .li . J..-1.1I1 Cummin 17.".:'.. — Samuel Mm-h, vi.ialiam Pag , Sura Greeley, Ji 1754.— Thomas Colbuni, Samuel 6i lej Jr James Hilla 1755.— Ezckiel Chase, Roger Chase, Samuel Greeley, Jr. 1766-57.— Ez.-ki.-l Chase, Samuel Greeley, Jr , Ephraim Cu 1758.— Ai.rali.iin Page, '•■ ■ rge Burns, James HUH 1759. — Ai. nil.. mi Page, Samuel Greeley, Jr., Rogei Chase. 1760.— Daniel Merrill, I tekiel Hills, Henrj Sno-- 1761.— Samuel Greeley, I] I '■ ■ 1762-63.— Samuel Greeley, Jl . E| 1764.— Ezekiel Chase, Gem Buna, Ass Davis. 1765.— Henrj Hale, Urn sal PS I ekiel Hill-. L766.— Sa 1 Greeley, Ji I ■ Mel Chase, Ephraim Cummings. 1767.— Ahrah Page, Nathaniel Davis, A -si Davia 1708. — George Burns, Nathaniel Davis, Ezekiei Hills. 1769.— Abraham Page, Henrj Hale, Asa Davis. 1770.— George Burns, Samuel Moor, Nathaniel Davis. 1771.— Abraham Page, Nathaniel Davis, Nehemiah Hadley. 1772-74.— Abraham Page, Nathaniel Davis, John Haseltine, Jr. 1775.— John Haseltine, Jr.. A -a [(avis, William Hums. 1776.— Samuel Marsh, John Caldwell, William Burns. 1777.— Samml Marsh, Timothj Smith, George Burns, Jr. 1778.— John Haseltine, John Caldwell, Andrew Seavey. 1779.— Samuel Marsh, David Lawrence, Moses Johnson, S Wason, Samuel Greeley. 1780.— Asa Davis, James Ford, David Lawrence. 1781.— Samuel Marsh, John Hale, Isaac Merrill. 1782 and 1784.— Timothy Smith, John Haseltine. Jr.. Samite 1783.— Timothy Smith, Nathaniel Davis, Samuel Burbank, Jr. 1786— 1788.— Asa Davis. John Haseltine, Ji . [suae Merrill. 1789.— Asa Davis. John Haseltine, Jr.. Phineas Under* I. 1790-92.— Asa Davis, Phineas Underwood, Thomas Hills. 1793-94.— Asa Davis, Samuel Marsh, Phineas Underwood. 1795-96.— Samuel Marsh, Page Smith, [saac Colburn. 1797.— Samuel Marsh. David I » i- i ■ Merrill 1798.— Asa Davis, Thomas Senti r, Jonathan Burbank 1799.— Jonathan Burbank, l-...e Merrill, Thomas Hills 1800 and 1804.— Asa Davis, Isaai Merrill, Page Smith. ism— Asa Davis, Pag! Smith, i i. ...... i ci .- [802 03 — Asa DaviB, I'.. • Smith, J Davidson [80S 06 -Asa Da>,. l-.,.„ Merrill, I all b S. Ford 1807.— Asa Davis, Calel.S, Kor.l, James Gibson. 1808.— Caleb S. Ford, Ja B Gibson, Jeremiah Smith. 1809-10.— Caleb S Ford, J isGibson, Noah Robinson. 1812.— Jonathan Burhank, M Gn ■ ley, Reuben Sargenl 1813-14.— Moses Greeley, Joseph Greeley, Ji . Ji remiah Smith. 1815-16.— Moses G ley, Bi njai M 1. William Hills. 1817-19.— Caleb S. For.l. Thomas It. Wason, Jacobl base. 1820.— Caleb S. Ford, Reuben Sargent, David Burns. 1821.— David Burn-, William Hills. Noyes Tenney. 1822.— David Burns, Ja. ob I has. , Noyes Tenney. 1823.— Noyes Tenney, William Hills, Oliver Pollard. 1824.— Oliver Pollard, Noah Robinson, Reuben Greeley. 1825.— Oliver Pollard, Noah Robinson, Ebenezer For.l. 1826.— Reuben Greeley, James Pieree, William Hills. 1827-28.— Reuben Greeley, James Pieree, J; i Im-i-. 1829. — Caleb S. For.l, .lalur- Pi. re, John Puruham. 1830 James Pieree, William Hadley, Joseph Blodgett, Jr. 1.8.11.— James pierce, William Hadley, Tl as B. Wason. 1832.— Caleb S. For.l, Jeremiah Smith, Noah It. .bins. .(I. 1833.— X. .ah Robinson, Tine .thy For.l, Jabez P. F. Cross. L834.— Noah P. .bins., n. .lab./ P. F CroBB, James Wilson. 1835.— Reuben Greeley, Noah Robins labez P. F. Cross 1830.— Reuben Greeley, Thomas B. Wason, David Robinson, 1837— Thomas It. Wason, Reuben Greeley, Paul Hardy. 1838.— Thomas B. Wason, Paul Hardy, Dustin B. Farnum. 1839.— Paul Hardy, Dustin It. Farnum, Jabez P. F. Cross 1840-41.— James Pier..-, William Hadley, Warren Pollard. 1842.— Thomas Marsh, Greet, li. .f B. Farnum, i.ilmau Andrews 1843.— Thomas B. Wason, Amos Hills, Paul C..lburu. 1844.— Thomas B. Wason, Am..- Hills. Oilman Aiultow-. 1845 JabezP. F. Cro 184C. — Oilman Andrew 1847.— Paul Hardy, Jal 1848.— Paul Har.ly, .!■■ -James Pierce, George W. -Stephen D. lire. ley. Hire -Benjamin F. Chase, Luthi Al van Smith, mil Morrison. ben D. Greeley i-u D. Greeley. inF. Chase. Robins.. n. 1861.— Eli Hamblet, Samuel Gowiug, Daniel T. Gage. l8i;j — Daniel T. Gage, Samuel Cowing, Caleb Richardson. 1863.— Daniel T. Gage, John Chase, Al.l.n Hills, lsi.i. — Eli Hamblet, Alden Hills, Benjamin A. Merrill. 1865-66.— Stephen D. Greeley, Benjamin F. Chase, Josiah K.Whee 1867-68.— Stephen D. Greeley, Benjamin F. Chase, Benjamin A. 1 ill. 1869 Ell Hamblet, Joseph Fullei John M. Thompson. 1870.— Eli Hi det, John M Thompson, James B. Merrill. 1-71 .h.lii, M Tl...iii[,-..n. .bun.-- I'. \|. : till. Augustus F. Hloilge 187! fames B Merrill, K all Webster, Otis B Marsh 1873.— Kimball Webster, Otis 1: Marsh I bail.- W. Spalding. el, ill u. i ... i, Spalding, Chart* Steele. 1871,.— Josiah K. Wheeler, John M. Thompson, George W. Trow 1877.— John M. Thompson, Charles Stei I. G ge W. Trow. 1878.— John M. Thompson, Lucien M Tolles, William F. Winn. 1879.— Lucien M. Tolles. William F. Winn, Charles W. Spalding, 1880.— Lumen M. Tolles, Charles W. Spalding, William S. Weston. 1881.— Charles W. Spalding Mark Batchelder, Arthurs. Andrews. 1882.— Josiah K. Wheeler, William F. Winn. Clifton E. Buttrick. 1883.— Josiah K. Wheeler, William 1". Winn, Robert A. Andrews. [884 William F. Winn, .1 b F. Wilson, Daniel \. Colburn, 1885.— James F. Wilson. Daniel A. Colburn, George G. Andrews. DELEGATES TO THE GENERAL Ci (I [IT, Etc., FROM 17:::: Ti ( 1885, 1733.— Captain Robert Fletcher and ZaccheusLovewell, delegates to the Massachusetts General Court to get the non-resident lands taxed for the support of the ministry, ami to get s proportion of the lands foi lb.- ti.wn, given to the town ..!' Dunstable by the proprietors or others. 1734, March.— Zaci bene Lovewell, delegate to the Massachusetts Gen- eral Court to procure the passage of an ai t allowing the town to a a tax often shillings each upon all .attle driven into the town to pasture in addition to the usual rates. 1734, June.— Captain Robert Fletcher, Henry Baldwin, Joseph Snow and Joseph Humbler, delegates to the Massachusetts General Court to answer for the town in all matters relating t.. the petition of the | pie of " Natti k "' to be incorporated as « separate township. 17:54, November.— Captain Robert Kb -b her, delegate to the Mas-ai liu. sett- General Court to procure a grant of province lan.ls b. aid the tow n to maintain a public school. 1741.— Captain Thomas Colburn, delegate to the Massachusetts Genet il Court to procure the abatement of the county tax, in consequence of the town being divided by the new province line. 1747. — bjhii Marsh, delegate to the New Hampshire General Court, upon a petition of the town, for Hie passage of an act for taxing the lands of non-residents. 1748.— Deacon Samuel Greelej ami John Marsh, delegates to the New Hampshire General Court t.. answer t.. ■■< citation in relation to a petition ,,f Josiah Cm iugs and other inhabitants of the town to be released from paying taxes f..r the support ..f Ibv Nathaniel Merrill. 1760, March 17.— Ephraim I'll ling- chosen delegate t.. lb.' X. w Hampshire General Court to make application to have the lands of non- residents laid under a tax. 171,2. January 15.— Captain Samuel tire-ley chosen Representative for Nottingham West and Litchfield to represent said towns in the Gen- eral Assembly. Captain Samuel Greeley was re-ele< ted March 4. 1762. Captain James Ford, delegate to the Provincial Convention at Exeter, January 25, 177*.. Captain Abraham Page, delegate to the Provincial Congress al I Captain Abraham Page, delegate to the Proi incial Convention at Exeter, May 17, 177.*., and to art for the town fur six months. John Hazeltine, Jr., delegate to the Countj Congress at Amherst, 177s, May 30.— William Burns ch a delegate to the convention to i t at Concord, -inn.' 10th, to form a new plan of government. 1781, May 8.— Timothy Smith chosen to represent the town at a con- vention to be held at Concord, on the first Tuesday of June, to form a new plan of government. L786, I " tober 30.— Reuben Spalding . h.-.-n delegate to the convention "to make a general plan for Paper money." 17ss, January 2*.— Ebenezer Cumminns ehos,!i -1. legate "to sit in the convention at Exeter, on the seeoiai Wednesday of February next, in order to consult ami examine the Federal Constitution." 1850.— Ethan Willoughby, delegate to the convention to revise the constitution. 1870.— Dana Sargent, delegate to the convention to revise the constitu- Representatives to the General Court from 1775 to 1885. — Prior to October, 1780, this town was classed with Litchfield for the election of .Representatives. Those elected from this town arc given in the fol- lowing list- William Warren, is:,-, ';,:; dames Kmcry, 1854. Hiram Marsh, 1855. Benjamin F. Chase, 1850. Paul Colburn, 1857. Luther Pollard, 1858. Granville Hill, 185 9. Samuel Morrison. I860, William II. Chase, 1861. Addison Heald, 1862. Samuel Covins, Is.,:: Stephen D. Greeley, 1864. Eli Ilaml.let, 1805. Isaac Colburn, 18G0. Benjamin Kidder, 1867. Thomas Gowing, 18G8. Daniel M. Greeley, 1869. Daniel T. Gage, 1870. 1-71. Samuel Greeley, 1S7-. liana Sargent, 1874, '75. ■ lames It. Merrill, 1876. Lueicn M. Tolles, 1877. Waldo P. Walton, 1878. captain Abraham Page, 1775, '76. \ .., Davis, 1777. '7'', '92, '93, '94, '99, 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05, •00, '07, '08. Captain Samuel Marsh,1784,'85,'86 Ebenezer Cumminga, 1788. Colonel Joseph Greeley, 1795, '96, '97, '98, 1811, '15. Robert Patterson, 1809, '10. Isaac Colburn, 1S12. Isaac Merrill, 1813, '14, '10, '17. \,.ah Robinson, 1818, '20, '21. Tla.mas P.. Wa.son, 1819, '28, '30, Reuben Greeley, 1829. Joseph Greeley, Jl , 1837, David Burns, 1838, '39, '47. Jabez P. F. Cross, 184o, '41, '42 William Hadley, 1843, '44, '46. I.i lames, 1848. I mm... I'i. rr. ., 1850. .... |,l. -i., i, a, 1851. The following were elected under the revised con- stitution providing for biennial sessions of the Legis- lature : John M. Thompson, elected November, 1878. Justin E. Hill, elected November, Issu. Nathan P. Webster, elected November, 1882. William F. Winn, elected November, 1884. No Representatives were elected for the years 1787. '89, '90, '91, 1832, '34, '45, '49 and '73. VOTES FOR STATE PRESIDENT FROM 1784 TO 1792, INCLUSIVE 17s4 — Mescherh Weare, 45, all cast. 1785.— George Atkinson, 42 ; John Langdon, 5. 178G. — John Langdon, 00, all cast. 1787.— John Langdon, 86 ; John Sullivan, 7. 1788.— John Langdon, 33 ; John Sullivan, 9. 1789.— John Pickering, 78 ; John Sullivan, 2. 1790. — lohn Pickering, Ss, all cast. 1791.— Josiah Bartlett, 80, all cast. 1792.— Josiah Bartlett, 72, all cast. VOTES FOR GOVERNOR FROM 1793 To 1884, INCLUSIVE. 1795.— John Taylor Oilman. 117, all . .-I 1790.— John Taylor Oilman. 56, all cast. 1797. -John Taylor Oilman, 57, all cast. 1798.— John Taylor Oilman, 71. all cast. 1799.— John Taylor Oilman, 19, all cast. lson._.l„l,n Taylor Oilman, 49 ; Tun. .thy Wall 1801.^Iohn Taylor Oilman, 51, all cast. 1802.— John Taylor Oilman, Id: Jol 1803.— John Taylor Gilman, II . John Langdon lso-E— John Langdon. 7:; , John Taylor Gilmar, 1805.— John Langdon, 72; John Taylor Giliuai 1806.— John Langdon, 90; Timothy Farrow, 1. Isn7.— Juhu Langdon, 90 ; Justus I'.iUn. 1 ISiis.— John Langdon. 69; Thomas Senter, G. Isn't.— Jeremiah Smith, 111 ; John Langdon, 5 181".— Jeremiah Smith, 115; John Langdon, I 1811.— Jeremiah .Smith, 111 ; John Langdon, 6 1812.— John Taylor Gibuan, 112; William Clue Isl :;. — J, ,1,11 Taylor Oilman. 11..; William Phi, 1814.— John Taylor Oilman. 1 .• . William Plm 1815.— John Tin lor Oilman. 1J1 . William Plun 1816.— James Sheafe, 114; William Plniuiuer, ! 1817.— James Sheafe, 106 ; William Pliiiuni. r, 1818.— William Plummer, 97 ; Jeremiah Smith, 1819.— William Hale, 74; Samuel Bell, 82. 1820.— Samuel Hell, 95; Jeremiah .Mason, 70. 1821.. Bell, 1822.— Samuel Bell, 131 ; John E 1823.— Levi Woodbury, 106; San 1824.— David L. Morrill, 152, all 1825.— David L. Morrill, 158, all 1820.— David L. Morrill, 182 , P.. 1827.— Benjamin Pierre, H I'.,. 1828— John Bell, 103: Benjamil 1829.— John Bell, 95 ; Benjamin 1830.— Matthew Harvey, 115 ; Ti 1831.— Samuel Dinsmoor, Ins ; tc 1832.— Samuel Dinsmoor, 111; 1. 1833.- Samuel Dinsmoor, 135, al 1834.— William Badger, 132, all c 1835.— William Badge, . lie Jos 1836 — Isaac Hill, 120, all cast. 1837.— Isaac Hill, 77 ; Jeremiah 1838.-Isaac Hill, 139; James W: .1" 'a I 12 Anthony Colby 1840.— John Page, 138 Enos Sti 1841— John Page, 157 ; En,.- St, 1842.— Henry Hubbard, l.l'i En 1843.— Henry Hubbard, I 12 An 1S44.— John II. Steele, 132 : Ant 1845.— John H. Steel,, 91 : Auth 1846.— Jared W. Williams, 125 Berry, 20. 1847. -Jared W. Williams, 141 ; Anthony Colby, 75; Nathaniel S. Berry, 17. 1848.— Jared W. Williams, 153 ; Nathaniels. Berry, 93. 1849.— Samuel Dinsmoor, 157 ; Levi Chamberlain, 07 ; Nathaniels. Berry, 12. 1850.— Samuel Dinsmoor, 144 ; Levi chamberlain, (.2 ; Nathaniel S. Berry, 7. 1851. — Samuel Dinsmoor, 105 ; John Atwood, 104 ; Thomas E. Sawyer, 31. 1852.— Noah Martin, 135 ; John Atwood, 04; Thomas E. Sawyer, 37. 185:;— Noah Martin, 135; James Bell, 12; John II. White, 30. 1854.— Nathaniel B. Baker, l::5 ; Jared Perkins, 53 ; James Bell, 34. 1855.— Ralph Met. alt. 115 ; Nathaniel S. Baker, 119 ; Asa Fowler, 5. 1856.— Ralph Metcalf, 147 ; John S. Wells, 138 ; Austin F. Pike, 2. 1857.— William Haile, 152 ; John S. Wells, 120. 1858.— William Haile, 150 ; Asa P. Cate, 124. 1859.— Ichabed Goodwin, 133 ; Asa P. Cate, 125. I860.— Asa P. Cate, 152. Ichabed G Ivvin, 150. 1801.— George Stark, 152 ; Nathaniel S. Berry. 151 ; Levi Bartlett, 1. 1862.— George Stark, 135 j Nathaniel S. Berry, I ;i ; Paul J. Wheeler, 1805.— Ira A Ea-tinat. 1 ; 1804.— Joseph A. Gil Joseph \. oil,, , 97 ; Walte lani- Ivvard W. Hariington, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1805.— Frederick Smytho, \"A ; Kduanl W. Harrington, 90. 1866.— Frederick Smythe, 130 ; John G. Sinclair, IIS. 180".— Walter Harriman, 144 ; John G. Sinclair, 132. lsos— Walter Harriman, 1.1s ; John G. Sinclair, 140. 1809.— Onslow Stearns, 139 ; John Bedel, 114. 1870.— Onslow Stearns, 133 ; John Bedel, 93 ; Samuel Flint, 31 ; Lo- renzo D. Barrows, 3. 1871.— James Tike, 147 ; James A. Weston, 112 ; Lemuel P, I kjoper, 7. 1872.— Ezekiel A. Straw, 139; James A. Weston, 123 ; Lemuel P. Cooper, 14; John Blackmei, 6. 187:'..— Ezekiel A. Straw, 125 : Jas. A. Weston, 103 : John Blackjner, 4. 1874 James A. Weston, 14s ; Luther McCutchens, 128; John Black- It. Kohi-its, 149 ; Pearson C.Che 128 ; Nathaniel Vl:„ 187',.— Pearson C. Cln-ney, lis ; Daniel Many. 112. 1877.— Daniel Marcy, 144 ; Benjamin F. Prescott, 130. 1878.— Frank A. McKean, 146 ; Benjamin F. Prescott 137. 1878, November.— Natt Head, 150; Frank A. McKean, 130; Warr G. Brown, 10. 1880.— Charles H. Bell, 101 ; Frank Jones, 14(1. 1882.— Samuel w. Hale, 129 ; Martin V. B. Edgerly, 121. 1884.— Moody Currier, 161 ; John M. Hill, 135 ; George Carpenti 11 ; Larkin D. Mason. 3. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. KIMBALL WEBSTER. John 1 Webster, of Ipswich, Mass., is supposed to have emigrated from Ipswich, England, county of Suffolk, in the year 1634. He was a freeholder in 1635, and died about 104:.. He had eight children- John, Mary, Hannah, Elizabeth, Abigail, Stephen, Israel and Nathan. Stephen' 1 was born in Ipswich, Mass.; removed to Newbury ; from there, in 1653, to Haverhill. He was a tailor by trade, a man of influence and one of the selectmen in 1669. He married, first, March 24, 1663, Hannah, daughter of John Ayer, of Salisbury; second, widow Judith Brown, His children, all by his first wife, were Hannah, John, Mary, Stephen 3 , Nathan and Abigail. He died Au- gust 10, 1694. Stephen 3 , horn in Haverhill January 1, 1672, mar- ried widow Mary Cook. He was one of eight men in the garrison of John Webster, March, 1690. He died March 9, 1748. He had six children,— Samuel, John, Stephen, William, Ebenezer and Mary. Ebenezer 1 , born September 20, 1711, married Me- hitable Kimball, of Bradford, Mass. Their children were Lydia, Isaac, Mary, Ebenezer, Jonathan, Ste- phen, Moses, John. Ebenezer 5 , born in Haverhill, Mass., February 1, 1744, settled in Pelham, N. H., was married three times. His third wife was Elizabeth Bradford, of Beverly, Mass., by whom he had Rebecca, Nancy, Moses, Simon, Isaac, Asa, John, Benjamin and Betsy. Ebenezer Webster was a quiet, industrious tanner in Pelham, and enjoyed the universal respect and es- teem of his townsmen. He died in Pelham March 13, 1823, aged seventy-nine years. His widow sur- vived him twenty-two years, dying at Amherst March 27, 1845. John 1 was born in Pelham, December 25,1791. He married, August 22, 1815, Hannah, daughter of Elea- ,. i and Sarah (Hale) Cummings, of Nottingham West (now Hudson), and great-granddaughter of Deacon Henry and Mary Hale. (The Hales and Cummings were noted families in early New England history. Mr. Cummings combined the vocations of farmer and school and music-teacher. Mrs. Sarah (Hale) Cummings, born April 20, 1767, was a very remarkable woman in physical strength and endurance ; while her husband was ab- sent from home, occupied in teaching, she performed her household duties, which were many and arduous, having a large family of children, and also took charge of a stock of cattle. She was a woman of sterling worth, a member of the Congregational Church for many years. Her Christianity was a part of her daily life, not an adjunct, and she obeyed truly the golden rule. She died May 7, 1852.) John Webster lived upon the old homestead in Pel- ham, excepting one year in Meredith and one in Hud- son (formerly Nottingham West), until 1841, when he sold his farm in Pelham and purchased one in Amherst where he resided until 1840, when he returned to Hudson, and buying a farm upon Bush Hill, he lived there twenty years ; then resided with his daughters (Mrs. Titcomb and Mrs. Baker) until his death, March 1, 1883, of old age. Mr. Webster was a man of great energy and unremitting industry, and it was only by hard, unceasing toil that the rough and rocky soil of the old homestead, at Pelham, could be made to yield a remunerative crop ; but perseverance and patience conquered, and Mr. Webster was able to provide for his large family of children and insure himself a comfortable living for his old age. He was drafted in the War of 1812, and served in Captain Haynes' company of New Hampshire militia at Ports- mouth, where he obtained an honorable discharge, and received for his services a pension from February 14, 1871. He was a loyal citizen, a good husband and father, a kind and attentive sou, supporting his aged parents until their death, doing his duty faith- fullv in every position, and for many years he was universally called "Honest John Webster." Mrs. Hannah (Cummings) Webster, although a woman of small stature and delicate health, performed faithfully her part in life as wife, mother and Chris- tian. Industrious and frugal, she cared for her children, physically, morally and religiously; not- withstanding her weakness, she was a tower ot strength to lean upon, and her children learned from her daily, by precept and example, the force of the words, a good Christian mother. She united with the Congregational Church in Pelham, and was an esteemed member of other churches of the same denomination wherever she resided. She died in Hudson February 3, 1871. The children of this worthy couple were Elizabeth B. (Mrs. Warren Blodgett), Moses, Sally Hale (Mrs. Simeon C. Tit- f m&$ ^ - i-L^^^e^s^ y^y^j^^/^c^-. rt.Jt* ^1^£^ /(/,>/' I 6* comb), Eleazer C. (deceased), Louisa U. (Mrs. John H. Baker), Lucy Ann (Mrs. Daniel B. Cluff), Kimball, Hannah J. (deceased), John C, Nathan P., Willard H. (deceased), Milton E. (deceased), Orrin P. (de- ceased). Kimball Webster'', son of John and Hannah (Gum- mings) Webster, was born in Pelham, N. H., November 2,1828. His education was acquired at the common schools of his native town and Hudson. While a boy he worked upon a farm in Hudson, and for a short time in the quarries in Pelham. He was one of that historic, heroic and truly illustrious band, the old "Forty-niners," which has furnished so much material for story and song. Before attaining his majority, in April, 1849, when the news of the dis- covery of gold in California had reached New Eng- land, he started and traveled across the country, arriving in the Sacramento Valley in October, six months being passed in reaching the golden West. He remained thereabout two years, engaged in mining and other pursuits ; then went to Oregon, where he was a deputy-surveyor upon the government surveys, and returned home in the fall of 1854. In 1855 he was employed by the Hannibal and St. Jo Railroad Company in Missouri. In 1858 he resided in Vinal- haven, Me. ; since that time he has been a resident of Hudson, where he owns and occupies a portion of the land purchased by his great-grandfather, Eleazer Cummings, in 1728. Mr. Webster married, January 29, 1857, Abiah Cutter, daughter of Seth and Deborah (Gage) Cutter, of Pelham. Their surviving children are Lizzie Jane (Mrs. Horace A. Martin), Ella Frances (Mrs. Frank A. Walch), Eliza Ball (Mrs. Charles C. Leslie), Latina Bay, Julia Anna and Mary Newton. Mr. Webster is a quiet, unostentatious man, of ac- tive temperament and of great executive ability. He has a marked power of making friends, and enjoys a high degree of popularity in a very large circle of acquaintance. He is a worker and does his work conscientiously and thoroughly, and as a sur- veyor of long experience he has a wide reputation as being one of the most accurate and reliable in the county. He is a Democrat in politics and an active believer in the Jacksonian theory that ''The blessings of government, like the dews of heaven, should fall unseen, alike on the just and unjust." He has been the standard-bearer of a minority party in his town and county in many elections, and has generally polled more than the party vote. He was selectman for four years and chairman of the board. He has been justice of the peace since 1859, and is a trustee of the Mechanics' Savings-Bank, Nashua. He is a member of Rising Sun (Nashua) Lodge of F. and A. M., Hudson Commandery, U. O. Golden Cross, and has been largely identified with the history of the Orderof Patrons of Husbandryin Hillsborough County. He was the first to petition for the establish- ment of a grange in Hudson, and upon its organiza- tion, December 8, L873, was chosen its presiding officer, which office he held three years. He was one of the few to organize the New Hampshire State Grange, December 'J.'i, L873, and also Hillsborough County Council, March 1, 1874, of which he was master two years, ami secretary from December, 1876, until the organization, April 17, 1883, of its succes- sor, Hillsborough County Pomona Grange, when he was made secretary of that body and is now holding that office. He has been an active and valuable member of this order from the first, and stands high in the regards of the fraternity. He is much interested in historical matters and ancient landmarks. He has done much to preserve the latter by careful and creditable copies of many of the much worn and injured plats of portions of lands, old grants, etc., in ''Old Dunstable." Mr. Webster is a safe counselor, a good representa- tive of New England's intelligent fanners and busi- ness men, an honest man, and worthily stands high in public esteem for his hearty co-operation in every- thing tending to the elevation or improvement of the community. JAMES 15. MERRILL. Among the families of New England who should be recorded in history, the one bearing the name of Mer- rill lias a high claim, ami many of its representatives have been good and faithful ministers of the gospel. Nathaniel Merrill 1 was one of the first American ancestors of this numerous family. Emigrating from England to America in 1634, he settled in Newbury, Mass., in 1635. His wife was Susanna Jourdaine. Their children were Nathaniel, John, Abraham, Susanna, Daniel ami Abel. He died March 16, 1655. Abel 2 was born in Newbury, February 20, 1646 ; settled there; married, February 10, 1671, Priscilla Chase. He died at Newbury, October 28, 1689. His oldest son ' Abel 3 , was also born at Newbury, December 28, 1671. He moved to West Newbury, married, January 19, 1694, Abigail Stevens, and died February 6, 1759* He was a man of note, a deacon in the church, and left property, which, by will mad.' October 21, 1752, and proved March, 1759, was divided among his sons and sons-in-law. His children were Samuel, Abel, Thomas, John, Nathaniel, Abigail (Mrs. John Kent), Martha (Mrs. Joshua. Marsh), Priscilla (Mrs. Ezekiel Clark). Nathaniel*, youngesl son of Abel and Abigail Stevens) Merrill, was born in West Newbury, Mass., March 1. 1712. was graduated at Harvard College in 1732, and was pastor of the Congregationalist Church in live, \. II. When the Congregationalist Church was formed in Nottingham West (now Hudson), No- vember 30, 17::7. lie was ordained its pastor, and continued in tint relation until his death, in 1796. The minister was settled by the town, and his salary raised by a special tax. There being many opinions 434 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. in the church, some claiming to he Presbyterians, others Baptist and Methodist, the people protested against being compelled to pay outside of their own denomination; therefore the civil contract was dis- solved in 1774, but Rev. Mr. Merrill's connection with the church as pastor did not cease, his salary being paid voluntarily by his congregation. He was a man of great decision of character and love for his chosen profession; of acknowledged ability, both natural and acquired, he possessed excellent judg- ment and sterling integrity, and secured the respect of all men. He married Elizabeth Sarjeant. They had twelve children,— Nathaniel, Betty B., Mary, John, Abel, Dorothy, Oliver, Sarah, Benjamin and Ruth (twins), Molly and Theodore. Nathaniel Merrill 5 (Tertius) was born September 25, 1739, at Nottingham West; married, February 25, 1767, Olive Lund, of Dunstable (Nashua). They had three children, all of whom attained maturity,— Ben- jamin, Oliver and Asa. Nathaniel held an ensign's commission from King George III. before the Rev- olution, but supported the cause of the colonies. He inherited a portion of his father's estate, which, just previous to the war, he sold and purchased a mill, where he manufactured machinery for cider-presses, etc. The parties to whom the farm was sold did not pay for it until Continental money was so depreciated as to make it valueless to Mr. Merrill. His death occurred in 1785. His wife survived him, dying in 1820, aged seventy-nine. Benjamin 1 '' was born January 24, 1768. His father dying soon after the loss of his property, when Ben- jamin was seventeen years old, it was only by his indefatigable industry and energy that his mother was enabled to keep the family together. He worked early and late, and provided a home for his widowed mother during her lite. He married, July 25, 1820,Mrs. Sarah Caton, whose maiden-name was Plummer. They commenced house-keeping in the house which he had built in 1810, on the farm in the south part of Hudson, where he ever after resided, and which is flow owned by his descendants. Their children were Benjamin A., Ebenezer B. (deceased), .lames B. and William T. Benjamin Merrill was prominent in town and church affairs, was at one time a member of the Board of Selectmen, was a deacon in the Presbyterian Church and familiarly known as " Deacon Ben." A man of good judgment, honest in character, faithful in duty, of a kind ami social disposition, he possessed many friends, and few, if any, enemies, preferring to bear an injury rather than to resort to any unpleasant measures. He never had a lawsuit, but his services were often sought as referee, and his wise and friendly counsel made him a peace-maker. Politically, he was a Whig. He died April 25, 1849, aged eighty-one years, leaving a record of a life well spent. His wife survived him but a few years, dying October 25, 1853, aged seventy-one years. James /:. Merrill 1 , son of Benjamin and Sarah (Plummer) Merrill, was born in Hudson, X. II., May 6, 1824. His education was gained at the schools of his native town. He remained with his father, work- ing on the farm, until he was twenty-one. He then learned the carpenter's trade, and carried on the business id' carpenter and builder for about thirty years in Lowell, Nashua, Hudson and elsewhere, but of late years has been mostly occupied in farming. He married, January 2:i, 1857, Persis A., daughter of William and Persis G. (.Mo,, re) Winn, of Hudson. They commenced house-keeping in the house where they now reside, and which Mr. Merrill built before his marriage. Their children are A. Gertrude, .1. Everett and George A. Mr. Merrill's affiliations are with the Republican party ; yet be never allows himself to be governed by partisan bias. He represented Hudson in the State Legislature in 1876. He has taken an active part in town affairs, having been a selectman for several terms, town clerk in 1873, and appointed to fill a vacancy in same office in 1879, to which he has been re-elected annually ever since ; he was town treasurer for the years 1873-74, and now holds that office, which he has had since 1879. He was a charter member of Hudson Grange, No. 11, and its first secretary, and has held nearly all the offices ; has been its master and is now its overseer. He is also a member of the order of Golden Cross. In bis religious preferences Mr. Merrill is a Congregationalist, being a member of that church in Hudson and president of the society. Mr. Merrill stands high in the esteem and regard of his fellow-townsmen, and in the discharge of the various offices entrusted to him he has acquitted himself honestly, conscientiously and creditably. Honorable in all his dealings, of exemplary character and habits, the reliance of home and friends, he is in all respects an estimable citizen, and is one of Hud- son's representative men and a worthy descendanl of the early minister. ELI HAMBLET. Eli Hambletj son of Thomas and Tamar (Gilson) Hamblet, was born in Hudson, (then Nottingham West), May 12, 1810. We find, from early genealogical records in Massachusetts Historical Society's collec- tion, that William Hamlet (or Hamblet), bom 1611, emigrated to America about the middle of the seven- teenth century. Hewasa freeman in Cambridge, Mass., in 1651 ; removed to Billerica in 1658, and was a sub- stantial citizen of the town, and was one of the first Baptists of that place. He married widow Sarah Hubbard, who died at Woburn in 1689. His oldest son, Jacob, was three times married, — first to Hannah Parker in 1668, next to Mary Dutton, third to Mary Colburn. His children were Joseph, William, Jacob, Henry and others. It is not definitely shown, but probably his son Joseph's three sons,— Hezekiah, 111 nsoN. 4S5 Joseph and Jacob,— were the ones who respectively settled in Dracut, Mass., Hollia and Stratham, N. II. Joseph, great-grandfather of Eli, was a farmer and miller in Dracut, Mass., on Heaver Brook; settled on lands which he conveyed, March 4, 1773, to his sun. Joseph Hamblet, carpenter, and by him deeded to his wife in 1774, as he was in ill health. He died soon after. His sun Thomas was probably born after his father's death, ( >ctober 27, 1775. He was brought up as a farmer by Isaac Colburn (grandfather of Isaac Colburn, missionary to Burmah), a resident o;' the south part of Hudson. Thomas worked at farming and in various mills, particularly in Hale's mill, Chelmsford, Mass., for a number of years. His dil- igence, industry and economy raised him to a solid financial standing for those days. He married Tamar, daughter of Solomon and Tamar (Lawrence) Gilson, October 21, 1806. The young couple came to Hudson and settled at Pollard Mills, in which Mr. Hamblet purchased a hall-interest ; but, in a few years after, the mill was carried off by a freshet, and he exchanged his interest in the mill property for a farm of sixty acres in the south part of the town, where he resided until his death, November 9, 1850, being about seven- ty-live years old. His wife survived him, dying March 5, 1S66. Their children attaining maturity were Eli, Drusilla (Mrs. Joseph Phelps, deceased), Dorcas S. (married, first, Reuben Frost ; second, Joseph Skin- ner), Alvan (deceased), Joseph and Gilbert. Mr. Hamblet was a hard-working, economical and prudent man, a good, honest citizen, social friend and kind neighbor. He was an Universalist in his religious views ; politically, a Whig, and held some town offices. Eli passed his boyhood's days, and until he was twenty-one, on the farm, aud was early taught to know the value of good, honest labor, which he has never ceased to appreciate. His opportunities for early education were limited to those attainable in the old red school-house in Hudson, and studying at night, after his farm chores were finished, by the light of a pine-torch, thus gaining the knowledge which has been of so much practical value to him in later years. At the time of his majority Eli left the farm and went to Charlestown, Mass., where he engaged in brick-making; he worked at this business for ten years, slowly, surely and steadily accumulating the wages so hardly earned, and at the end of that time his savings amounted to one thousand dollars. About this time, however, he was prostrated by illness, which incapacitated him for hard labor for nearly a year, and, with his capital somewhat retrenched bj this sickness, he returned to Hudson, and purchased the place, of sixty acres, which has since been his home, lie married, first. Lucy Frost, of Tyngsborough, Mass., June 30,1839; she died September 24, 1840 ; second, April 2, 1844, Rebecca, daughter of Enoch and Susan (Marsh) Butler. She was born in Pelham, February 13, 1819. They commenced house-keeping in the house where they now reside, and which they have occupied over forty years. Their children are 1!. Souvina and Arvilla, both living with their parents. About thirty yens ago .Mr. Hamldet's residence was struck by lightning. The shoe was torn from Mrs. Hamblet's loot, ami from the shock she then received she has never fully recovered. After his return to Hudson, Mr. Hamblet devoted himself to agriculture, and has been a faithful, dil- igent worker, ami by industry, frugality and judicious judgment, has acquired a comfortable home. For ten years he has been agent of the Worcester, Nashua and Rochester Railroad at Hudson; selectman for six years, having been chairman of the board for most of the time; he has served on committee of mails anil bridges; as town clerk lor nine years, and treasurer for the same period ; he has been postmaster at Hud- son Centre since the office was located. lie has also been appointed administrator on several estates, and has done considerable probate business. Whig and Republican in politics, he represented his town in the State Legislature of 1865. He was enrolling officer for Hudson during the Rebellion, and was appointed by the Governor recruiting agent to fill the quota of enlistments for the town. He is a Baptist in his religious opinions, and has been deacon in that church for the three past years, and is a prominent teacher in the Sunday-school. Mr. Hamblet is a strong temperance man, is a good member of society, unostentatious and esteemed in church and social circles, and favors everything which advances honesty, sobriety and the education, improvement and elevation of his native town. He is one of a class now, unfortunately, passing away, — the pleasant, social, unpretentious, and yet well- informed New England farmer of the last generation. He has worthily and honestly filled his place in life, conferred honor on all stations to which he has been called, and in his old age is the warm friend, trusted confidant and aide adviser of a numerous circle. HISTORY OF LITCHFIELD. BY E. F. M'oTESTEN, M.H. CHAPTER I. Litchfield, essentially an agricultural town, is situated upon the left bank of the Merrimack River. It is bounded on the north by Manchester, east by Londonderry and Hudson, smith by Hudson and west and northwest by Merrimack. It is small in territory, containing about eight thousand five hundred acres. The surface is level ; the soil of the arable land is strictly alluvial and rich, producing excellent crops of grain, vegetables and grass. In the eastern section of the town the soil is light, unsuitable for cultiva- tion; but it yields heavy growths of wood and tim- ber. A public road extends through the town a distance of nine miles, leading in one direction to Manchester, and in the opposite direction to Hudson and Nashua. This mad was admirably located through the farming district, in close proximity to the river, as early as 1734, and along it nearly all the people of the town reside. Three reads lead to Londonderry and two via Thornton's ferry and Reed's terry to Merrimack and stations upon the Concord Railroad. In point of wealth, Litchfield ranks among the first farming towns in the State. In late years many of the farms have been seriously impaired by the inun- dations of banks during the annual rises of the Mer- rimack. Nearly one-halt of the territory is well timbered, pine predominating, witli oak, birch and maple in abundance. The timber trade is extensive. The greater portion cut during the winter is lor the Lowell market ; it is hauled to the river's hank during the winter and ratted in the spring. There are two steam saw-mills manufacturing for other markets. Log- valued at $21,000 were cut in 1884. The inven- tory for 1885 shows the following values: Real estate, $177,130; bank stock, $17,800; money at interest, $22,388; horses, $5915 ; cattle, $7848 ; stock in trade, $20,515; deposited in savings-banks, $94, I; total valuation, $261,365; total tax, at forty cents on a hundred dollars, $1359. The town is free from debt. and has a surplus of $567.32. I ENSI S EEPOBTS IX 1767 AND 177.-. 176" Unmarried men from sixteen to sixty 27 Married men from sixteen to sixty 20 Boys, sixteen yean* of aire and under 17 Men, sixty years of age and over 13 Females, unmarried 74 480 Male slaves 3 Female slaves 9 Widows 3 Total 229 I770 Males under sixteen years of age 62 Males between sixteen and fifty 44 Males over fifty years 19 Persons in the army 13 Females 136 Negroes and slaves for life 10 Total 284 The population at various periods since 1800 has been as follows: 1800, 372; 1820, 4(35 ; 1840, 481; 1850, 447; 18(30, 352; 1870, 345; 1880, 291; 1885, 281. The Brooks. — All the streams in Litchfield are tributaries of the Merrimack River. There are three of considerable size, viz.: Great Nesenkeag, com- monly called Brickyard; Little Nesenkeag, also known as Chase's; and Reed's. The first-named originates in Londonderry, and flows across the cen- tral part of Litchfield ; it has a rapid current, and a sufficient fall at several points for improvements. The water supply is good all the year. Upon this stream the early settlers located their corn and saw- mills. The grain-mill was rebuilt and operated until 1830, when it was removed. Mills tor the manufac- ture of powder were built in 1820, but they were shortly after converted into carding-uiills ; there are no mills at present. Little Nesenkeag rises in Hudson, and is fed along the course through the southerly part of Litch- field by numerous ponds. Grain and lumber-mills have been in operation upon this stream for forty years past ; it now furnishes power for the only grist- mill in town. Reed's, in the north part of the town, also has good facilities for milling, which for a time were partially improved. There are several ponds in the eastern section; Darrah's and Half-Moon are the only ones of extensive area. Ferries. — The first ferry was established by the town in 1740. The landing on the east side of the river was in the centre of the town, on the river line, and near the meeting-house. This ferry was leased by several parties until about 1790, when it was pur- LITCHFIELD. 487 chased by Hon. Matthew Thornton ; it has been called successively Curumings's, Lutwyche'a and Thornton's. At the animal town-meeting in 1779 it was voted "to join with the town of Merrimack in prosecuting in the civil law any person or persons who doth or may presume to carry over the river for pay any person or persons at the place where the said towns improve their ferry near Lutwyche's." Within fifty years a great change has taken place at this ferry and in the immediate vicinity. More than forty rods of the Litchfield shore have been washed away by the freshets, aud the sites of the old church and burial-ground are submerged. A broad alluvion of recent deposit on the Merrimack shore makes the change in the river's channel apparent. The charter for Reed's ferry, in the north part of the town, was obtained in answer to the following petition: PETITION FOR A GRANT OF A FFRRY. "To His Excellency, John Wentworth, Esq.. Captain-General, Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and over His Majesty's Province of New Hampshire, In Council : "The humble petition of Lucy Read of Litchfield, in the County of Hillsborough and Province aforesaid, Widow. "Sheweth that your petitinnei's late husband. Capt. William Read, was in his lifetime seized and possess' d of a Considerable tract of land on the Eastward side of Merriinae River in Litchfield, aforesaid, aud did (without any Grant from His Majesty) improve a Ferry about three miles and half Above Cob' Lutwyches, called and known by the name of Read's Ferry, for about twenty-five years before his death, which happened about four years ago. "That the said William Read, in hie lifetime, and the said Lucy, since his death, have turn at a t tonsiderahle Expe in Bonis and attendance I.. Kxpeillte the sal nr IVu V :uel make it c. .[ . whom these presents shall come Greetin of our Loyal subjects, Inhabitants oi t Tract oi Land Ruundarys of a Town Called old Dunstable, in ob ll.ui ' th.- Inhabitants -I the dif.tri.-t of Litchfield Petitioners art- ahuui forty familys, being a part of Dunstable old grant, living on th-- North Kastei h ■ ■ Grant; That the center of our town being about eleven miles from the Province Line, we had nut the least apprehention of our being affected by the fixing of Towns near said Line, and that your petitioners have I'aid alioxe tun-thirds towards the support of the Gospel fur many years, and that we are nut only forty families upon the Easterly side of the Kiver, but that we have Land to accommodate a considerable Number nii.i-.-; rliat He Inhabitants of Litchfield, on the West side of the Kiver don't exceed thirteen or fourteen familys, who u<- are wry willing -h-.nld o.- di-autiexed from us. In regard to 1 1 1- - great danger and Deffi- culty, which we know they are Exposed to In Crossing the Rivei in order to attend the Publicb worship f God, K >ti ritl ri I I tig I all which Either, by our having been Inadvertantly over lookMor forgot when Instruction- were gi\en to the < ■ •tiiiuit t ■-•- ■ t tin* llon..io.i!.|e As- sembly for settleing the In-tint- m the-e parts, o: by ->.m<- other means unknown to us, we understand thai it is Intended that we be annexed to that District upon the west side of the Kiver, and that our Center and place of I'liUick Worship he on the Westerly side, which would oblige Above forty familys i instantly to cross the River, to our great and un- speakable danger and difficulty, In order to meet witli about thirteen or fourteen famelys. May it please your Excellency to take the difficult case of your Petitioners under your wise consideration, and go to fia things that we may not be obliged to Cross the River ; for although we have Lost a number of famelys on the Westerly side of the River, we have accommodations on the East side that is now unsettled that is Likely in a few years to Regain the Number Lost on the other Bide, so that, Considering the Difficulty and Danger we musi he at in case we were obliged to < r-- -■' river to attend puhlii-k worship, we think that we can be much better ae.ommodated to be Erected int.. a town on out- side, and much greater satisfaction to the inhabitant-. Therefore, your 32 the irticular, by maintaining g I < trder and en, ■„„; ■ Land, that the. same should be done; ye, therefore, that \\ . • ■ 1 oui .->].<, ia I Crae,.. , ertaiu knowled ■ i ragein the I I pui poses md ei by and with the advice of our trusty and u. I!- i . ; i , ,,,,i Goi : lore dain that the Iuhabita lows, viz : Beginning i of Londonderry Tow n: from thence North, on seven furlongs and ideda.sfol Hav< it i Incorporated ai ii' tract of land aforesaid, hoi .md Eighty rods North of the south i orner the Wesl Bide Of said Town, and to nu, st side of said Londonderry, five nubs and rods and a half; then North twenty-om degrees West to Merrimack River ; tlnn down said river till it meets with a west line by the needle that comes fr.»m a place m, and that shall inhabit the ^,me, be and by these pres- ents are declared and ordained to be a Town Corporate, and are hereby erected and incorporated into a (tody Politick and a Corporation to have tinnan. e forever by the name of Lytchtield, with all the i-w.as and Authorities, privilidges and Immunities and Franchises, which othei Towns within said Province or any of them by Law have and enjoy. To have and to Hold the said powers and Authorities. Immumi n> and Franchizes to them, the said Inhabitants, and their sin , Reserving to us, Our Heirs and successors all white pirn ■ and being and that shall lien alt. i jr„« and lie on s' 1 Trad ot Land, for the u.-e ,,t .an Royal Navy, reserving also the power of Dividing the said Town to US, out -I ■ when it -hall npp. .1 convenient for the benefit of the Inhabitants thereof; An. .. Towns within our said Province are bj Laws thereof enabled and au- thori/.ed to a-semble and by the majority ..l \ .^-s to , I >,• ,,|[ officers ■1 in the said laws,. . . . We do by thesi pn ■ nate and appoint John Mr Murphy, L-.p., to call the first meeting of the said Inhabitants, to be held within the said town at any time within thirty days from the date hereof, .ning legal Notice of M and design of holding such meeting. whereof, we have caused the Seal of our -aid province to to. Witness, Renning Wentworth, Es.jr., our 1 iovei noiir q- chief of our said province, the fifth day of .Lin., m He ■ affiV'd hep HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. hundred ami forty-i The warrant issued by John McMurphy for the first town-meeting under the new charter was posted by John Harvell, June 15, 1749. The meeting was held on the 3d of July following, and chose Nathan Ken- dall, James Nahor and Jacob Hildreth, selectmen; Jacob Hildreth, town clerk ; Jeremiah Cotton, con- stable; William McQuesten and Robert Darrah, tith- ingmen ; Josiah Richardson, Peter Russell and Alex- ander Parker, surveyors of highways. Peter Russell, Joel Dix and Jacob Hildreth were constituted a com- mittee to examine and adjust the accounts of the selectmen and constable under the old organization. The sum of forty pounds, old tenor, was appropriated to pay for the charter, for running town lines, and Mr McMurphy for attending the meeting and adminis- tering the oath of office to the several town officers. At the first annual March meeting in 1750 the follow- ing town officers were elected : Hildreth, town clerk; Jacob Hildreth, Jol hran and John Parker, selectmen ; Samuel Chase, constable; David Whitte -e, treasurer; Nathan Howard and Arthur Darrah, door-keepers John McQuesten and Amos Chase, surveyors of highway- . Willi. .in l;. i 1 ml \1. -xan'ler Parker, ti.-l.l-iJi-iv.-i-- ; William M.vii.---[.ii :ui. i li.oi-l i' |.l„-ll, t,-u,-<--\ i.-w.-i- ; liavi,] Whitt.-in.>re sealer of leather; Nathan K.-mhill, poun.l-keer.oi ; Uexandel Colvrel :iTil -:. in i ;-- 1 Gil, -on, titliin-iii.-ii ; .lulin M, ou.-sten iiii-l .l-.-.-pli Chase : It was voted to raise one hundred pounds, new tenor, to hire preaching. John McQuig, "William Pat- terson and William Read were chosen a committee to procure a minister. Duties of Town Officers pkeviotjs ro mi. Revolution.— The moderator then, as now, presided at the town-meetings. The duties of the selectmen were similar to those in towns at present date, excepting that iii colonial times they had charge of the schools. Constables levied and collected the taxes in addition to the duties at present performed by constables. Town i-h-rks and treasurers were the same then as now. Field-drivers impounded all horses and cattle found running at large. Tithingmen preserved order in church and tit public gatherings. Hog-reeves enforced tin- law which required hogs running at large to be yoked. Fence-viewers inspected fences, to see if they were sufficient in law. WARNING. In order to protect itself from pauper- ism, the town often took advantage of a law requiring new and doubtful subjects to leave within the time specified in the warrant. The following, served upon ( Isezar Porter, is one of the many recorded : , ,„', ., ......(.il./,-/.., the t""" "/ Litchliflil for »,<•;»•..)• 1785 1 i. ,.i- luT.-liy iiuth..ri7..-.l iiml re.|uiiv.l I" v, ' ..n CH.i.a negroman, and Phillisee, his wife, and family, Now residing in Litch- ii. 1 1 .•■-,■ i l .11 r m.t I--III- ii.ii. mi- tin r, that tli.-y do depart the said I ■ i within fourteen days, as they will answei the contrary in the ma!,:., i ilia: ili<- Law ,liie, Is, am! make return li,i,-,,l v> illi \ ■ o u |),.in-s III, -lv, ,n t > us, the subs, rila-is, within I.- ml,-, -n ilays. nn.l.-r ourhamls ami scat at Litehfi.-l.l, this nineteenth I>a\ -,f a. i,. ..tie thousand seven liiimlr.-.i ami eighty-siv.. "Daniel Bixby, . Selectmen o Davit. Model.;, V o/ " Hubert I'ARKEIl.J Litchfield. '] Litchfield, January 27,1786. "State of New Hampahil Hillsborough, as. " Pursuant t., tin- precept, I have warned Ca-zar Porter an.l Pliilhs.-e, his wit'.,, ami family, to depart tin- sunt town as 1 am commanded, » In, li i- n„. return ol Samuel Cent, i Constable "per Daniel Bixby, Town Clerk. ( Isezar is said to have been a native of Boston, and in his youth was brought to Litchfield as a slave; he lived witlt Mr. Jonathan Parker, and on this account he took the name of Csezar Parker. He continued to reside in the town, and afterwards moved to Amherst, N. H. In his old age he went to Rhode Island, where he died in the neighborhood of Newport, in 1858, at tin' advanced age of one hundred and five years. The growth of Litchfield from the date of its incor- poration to the close of the eighteenth century was steady and propitious. Notwithstanding their many trials, the inhabitants were resolute and courageous; feu of them had the benefit of an education, in the technical sense of the term ; but their varied experi- ences developed physical and intellectual forces which were the foundation of their continued prosperity. Of the early families, the descendants of the Parkers, Bixbys, Tuftses, Chases, Barneses, Reeds and Mc- Questens have continuously resided in the town, and the several generations have distinguished themselves in the various positions of trust and honor to which they have been called. The Moors, Hildreths, Underwoods and Da traits have, by removals and death, become extinct. Since 1800 the only marked public improvement is the town hall which was built in 1850. This building litis an elevated location in the centre of the town ; it is two stories in height, with halls and ante-rooms in each for town purposes. Among those who have contributed to the business and financial success of the town for the past fifty years may be mentioned .Moses Chase, Warren Good- speed, Isaac McQuesten, Simeon D. Leach, Isaac N. Center, John Goodspeed, Phineas Reed, J. A. Marsh, Warren M. Barnes and John White. The first five of the foregoing have resided and pttid taxes con- tinuously tin- the last half-century. TOWN CLERKS. 17. .1 15, \,|iiil,i I ii-l-iw 1. 1730, Nathaniel Curtis; i, Richardson; 1739-40, Jacob Hildreth ; 1741, Samuel Cochran ; 1742, John Bradshaw ; 1743, Samuel Cochran ; 1744-48, Thomas Parker; 1749, Jacob Hildreth ; 1750, Thomas Parker; 1751-53, Joel Dix; 1754, V, il.i..:., r :!.- !.,■ I 1, -in. is Parker ; lTt'.l Milt, . tames Underwood ; it, ; J.., ,i, Hil retl L7I I , Ji I nderwood; 1770-75, William McQuesten ; 1776-77, Timothy Kendall; 17,s-sn, Jonathan Parker; I, i I, I nderwood; 1782, Jonathan Parker; 17--::. .tames Under- wood; i. ! i, Daniel Bixby; 1786, William McQuesten; 1787-95, Samuel I hase, .n. ; 1796-98, James Parkei ; 1799-1803, Samuel Chase, ,l, . 1804 6, Robert Parker; 1807-11, Samuel Chase, Jr. ; 1812-15, Simeon Kendall ; 1816, Thomas Bixby ; 1817-18, Samuel Chase j 1819 Joseph Chase, Jr. ; lsj-t-.".. >!...-. - i I,.,-- Ik-ji. J7. Joseph Chase, Jr.; 1828-34, Joshua Harsh ; 1835-36, Abel G Quigg; 1837-38, Joshua Marsh ; 1839, George Griffin ; 1840, Muses Chase; 1841-42, Isaac Mc- UTCHFIiai). Questeu: 1S43-17. Isaac N. Center; 1 Samuel Chase : 1852 >3, [saai N < enl Moses ("has.. . h'.T .. Jonathan A. < l..i. ; 186-2-64, Benjamin L. Pike; 186 H M . 1867 69, George B Griffin Horace Cento] . 1873, Frank Kendall BO, N . .i , i - , ..i, '!■,. I--1 83, Alpli I -T4-T-, tsaac V Centei . 1879 his.. II. Powers; 1884, Morris C. SELECTMEN Wl' ISSKSSORS. 1734.— Aquila Underw I. Christopher Temple, Nathi I Hills 1735 \ i'"l.. I fnderv. 1, Christophei Temple, Josiah Cu lings. 1731 —Josiah c„„,i ,,,,,_.. |i. ni. .nini 1;. ..■!.:. it. Bbenezer Taylor. 1737. — J"Siah Hi. Ii.ii.I-.,ij, .lo.-iah li tigs, Khotie/or \\ right. 1738.— Josiah Cummings, Christopher Temple, Ebenezet Wright, Josiah Bj. har.I.son, Jonathan Powers. 17 ;■.. —Josiah Cummings, Ja. ob Hil.lr. Hi, < l.i i~i..j.I..i Temple, Josiah III' hanlsoii, Jacob Kendall. 1740.— Jacob Htldretli, Josiah Cummin--, Alexander Parker, J,-iah J.'i 1 1 1-11. Jam.-. Nnhor. 1741.— Samuel Cochran, Joshua Converse, Jacob Hildroth, Christopher Temple, .).. Nahoi 1751.— Joel lh\. .la Nahor, \ti-li. w f.„ hlan 1 T."t2 . — Thouias Parker. Jan..- N.1I1..1. J...-1 Ihx. 1753.— .lam.H Nahor, Joel nix. John Harvell. 1754. — losiah Richardson, William Parkei, Jam.-- Na)i..r 1755.— Thomas Patk.r, James Nahor, John Harvell. 1756. — Th ls Parker, Andrew Cochran, .l..lm Haw. II. 1757.— Thomas Parker, John Harvell, James Nahor. rh ...s Parker, Jacob Hildreth, James Nahor. 17C.U. — Tames I'lnli-iu 1, William M. t.iiic-teii, Joseph Bnii.s 1761-62.— James 1 mien I. William McQuesten, William Reid 1 "'■ ■ -I.' -I- llil.li. 1I1. .l-ilin I'aik.-t, .I..I111 Co. Iiran. 1704-67 James Undera 1. Roberl Darrah, John Harvell 17tis.— 'Willi, ill. M.a.lii.-.I. -li, Saiuu.-I I 'lias.-, James Nali.a, .li 1769. -James I ml.ru I. l!..l.eil Man ■.,!,, Samuel Chase. K.-i ..—Robert , su.oi. I . !i .... Tim . 1 1 1 v Kendall. 1777. — lames lii.lcrw I. Samuel Chase, Ti thy Kendall. 1778. — John Harvell, Uul.ert Bauali, Jonathan Parker. 177'...— John Parker, Jr., Daniel Kendall, John Parker. 178(1.— Jonathan Parker, John Parker, Jr., James Nahor, Jr. 1781.— James Underw I. Joseph Barnes, Daniel Bixby. 17s..— Jonathan Parker, Robert Hurrah, Timothy Kendall. 1784-85.— Daniel Bixby, David V Qnij Roberl Parkei 1786.— William McQuesten, Tii In Kendall, Simon McQuesten. 1791-94. — Samuel Chase, Jr., Roberl Parkei David McQuesten 1795.— Samuel Chase, Jr., I! ,bort Parker, Sim 1 Kendall. 1790-98.— Timothy Kendall, Hugh Nahor, Jacob Cobum 1799-1800.— Samuel Chase, Jr., William Parker, Matthew Parker, ls.il-3.— Samuel Chase, Jr., William bixby, Matthew Parkei, Jr. 1804-6.— Robert Parker, Simeon Kendall, Hugh Nahor. l.s. 7-11.— Samuel Chase, Jr., John 1 ml, nv 1, Thomas Bixby. 1812-15.— Si n Kendall, Si n M cQuesten, Jr., Jonathan Abbi 1S10.— Thomas Bixby, John Rollins, John Goodspeed. 1*17-18.— Samuel Chase, William Bixby, Josiah Richardson. l.sp.,-20. —Joseph Chase, Jr.. Jonathan Abbott, James Mei.in. ■st.-n. 1821-23.— Joseph Chase, Jr., James McQuesten, J„|,n White. 1824-25.— Jonathan Abbott, John White, Moses Chase. 1826-27.— Joseph Chase, Jr., John G (speed, Abel G. Quigg 1828-31.— Joshua Marsh, John White, Simeon Harvell. is ;j. — Joshua Marsh, Fichu ick . !u-. Park,, I'oxl.v 1833-34— Joshua Marsh, Paiker Bixby, Samuel Center. 1835^36.— Abel G. Quigg, John White, Warren G 1837.— Joshua Marsh, George Griffin, Jabez L. Manter. 1838. — Joshua Marsh, Daniel McC'uosten, Samuel Center. 1839.— Daniel McQuesten, Samuel Center, George Griffln. l-ll - Is..:,. X i , nl.i. Samuel CI,.,-,-, Willi.,,,, I ■,-,,«.. i ■■ V Center, Samuel Chase, Horace Center. ; - '■■ I" Isaac N. ( enter, II j i nter, John White. IMs-pi |..,.,, m, ,_,„,,,. :,. r, ,,..,..,. |,,„|..,. Willi. mi r I- '9-60 Jonathan A Griffin 1861.— Andrew J. Pike, Zachi 1862 . i I-.,.,. Mi Queeten, I 1865.— Isaac McQuesten, 1- , u I M ■■ I 1-a... McQuesten, ■ Vlexandei Tagga 1 ■■■ .c..:. \ Griffin. Audi, w J Pike, /a. haiiah W bittern,,: nib Whitt,., ,„„,■, Plnn..,- || Reid. irbert Chase, S. I . Rii hardson N Com. r. /a, hariiih Whittemore. in. .mill 1 ',,,|ge, Zaohariah W'hntem..! 1*75 — Samuol cl,.,..,., E| P. ■. Norris ■ .. ml, ii. 1-:.. Samuel Chase, N rria iffin, t.- M. Read I-. . —Isaac McQuesten Job i w . ■ John 1,. tenter. 1878 ■ !-..... Mi Questeu Job I w Goodspeed, George 11. Goodspeed. 1879 -Frani i- II McQi istei Ge 1 -■ H C.. !-p. ,,1, S.IU|,|,-| , ■.■|lt,;| 1880. 1 ran. is 11 Mi Qn 1 ,. eri l ■ nter, Elbridge Pike. 1881. - It . .1.-, i. I. , . ,,|. i •■ Pike, David s Leach 1882 -Alphonso II P.-» - Alp -, 11 !■..« ., i s I., a, h. I'n.leiii k M,(;uest,n. " k M. '. -(■ ii. (i.-orge c. Ilant'orth ■■' lohi .. ■to c aiiforth. Alex.imlei Tag-art. Iss". -John F. chase, Alexander 'aggart, Orville D Annis. TOWN TBI \-i PI RS n is Samuel Moor . 1: 'l'. 18 i. ..—•u n • ci ,i ,i i i t David Whitte v.-l I: 177". Nalh. Parlor ; 177.. 77, 1785, William a ■on Kendall . I I ' .... |s... . Jonathan A , \i ill,., ' ■ i .than A. (.rutin . I-.. I, An.li.u I I'll..- . 1862 67, l-ao M... i . \ ■ :.■. , i-:| || ace-.Center; IsTj, J i,' Whil l ■ I . H Questen ■ 1-7' Charles McQuesten; 1-7- 79, I-... McQuesten; Iss.. s ., Norris I Griffin. From 1820 to 1872 the chairman of the Board of Selectmen ijualifieil as town treasurer. REPRESENTATIVES CO THE GENERAL COURT FROM LITCH- FIELD FROM 1775 TO 1885. [Note.— Litchfield was classed with Nottingham West until 1780, then with Derryfleld until 1816, when a special act of the Legislature gave lie annually until others I'll.- apportionment "t lssi authorizes th.- town to elect a representativi -n. 1, proportionate part of the time a- it- number of Inhabitants (census i to six hundred.] HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. March, lTi'.J, Captain Samuel Greeley; 17(18, James Tn.i.-i -\voo,l ; A].nl. ITT .., Wiseman Clag-rtl, Samuel Chase ; May, 1775, John Parker; December, 1775, Wiseman Claggett 1775, Jamee Dnderwood for Litch- field and Hudson; 1770, Wiseman Claggett; 1777, '7", lea Davie Ibi IIu.ls.iu and Litchfield; 17-". Samuel Chase; 1793,1 John Webstei : 1794, 1806, Etobert Parkei . IT'... 1807, Isaac Huse; 1800, '02, Clifton Claggett; 1804, Samuel Ch , Jr. j.1805, s. p. Kidder; 1801, 'OS, Sim eon Kendall; 1809, Joseph Moor; 1811, '13, '16, Samuel M I i Thomas Bixby; 1816, '17, '18, '24, '25, Joseph Chase, Jr. ; 1819, '20, Sl i Meouest.-u ; lsjl-j::. J,„ w tliaii Alii. .11; Is-,, _T, N:j :;::. 1-1 , T>l..se. Chase; ls'js-;il, J,,-,.ph In.li.ni- ■,. ... Samuel Corning, Jr. , 1837-38, M.ei G Quigj 18*1-42, Parke! Bixbj ; I I Isaac M.. hi. -ten; 1846-47, 1870-71 W Ispeed; 1848-49, George Griffin ; 1850-51, I-...e N Cent.-, : ls._- -.;;. Samuel Chase: 1S.4, 1872-73, John G Ispeed; 1-.. G Samuel S aid ; 1857, Daniel Mc- DELMJATES Ti 1 THE Ci INSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION KROM LITCHFIELD. Jonathan Parker, 177s ; 1 ielBixby, 1788; Robert Parker, 1791-92; Isaac N. Center, 1850 ; Samuel Chase, 1S77. Military History.— In the- different wars Litch- field has furnished her quota of troops for the service. During the French War one of the regiments (Colonel Ooffe's) rendezvoused in this town. Timothy Barron, William Barron, Simon McQuesten and Samuel Chase enlisted for the campaign. The following list of Revolutionary soldiers is probably incomplete: David McQuig, Sergeanl Harry Glover, drummer, Edward Bieksby and .lames Gibson were members of ( !apt. John Moore's up any in Gen. Stark's regiment, and were present at the battle of Hunker Hill. John Parker commanded a company in Colonel Timothy Bedi I's regiment of rangers, Northern Division, Conti- nental army, under General Montgomery in 1775. William Darrah, John Thompson, Joseph Harvell, Stephen Lowell and John Loring were privates in Captain Parker's company. They enlisted July 6, 1775, and were discharged December 31, 1775. In 1776, John Loring (second enlistment) and James Butterfield enlisted in Massachusetts for three years. William Darrah (second enlistment) and John Lare were attached to General Washington's Life-Guard. Hon. James Underwood was commissioned adjutant of Colonel Joshua Wingate's regiment, raised to re- enforce the Northern army in July, 1776. For the First New Hampshire Continental Regiment (Colonel Cilley), raised in 1776, Litchfield furnished the follow- ing-named officers and privates: Rev. Samuel Cotton ; First Lieutenants, Nathaniel MrCauly and Moody Dustitl ; Private-. .Inn,- Mm; i Thompson, Obed McLain, Samuel Smith, Joseph ilaselton, John Stone, Thoma- . ..]. i.iuii aiel Joshua Blodgett. At a special meeting of the legal voters held April, 1777, the town voted a bounty of fifty dollars each to those who had enlisted in the Continental army. William Peed commanded a company in Colonel Nahum Baldwin's regiment, raised in September, 1776, to reinforce the army near New York City. Dr. Joseph Barnes was commissioned surgeon of Colonel David Gilman's regiment, which was raised in answer to a requisition from General Washington, in December, 1776, for service at Fort George and Fort Ticonderoga. In the "Great Return" of 1782, the following soldiers were credited with bounties: Robert Cunningham, Samuel Chase, Jr., William Whittle, John Williams, Stephen R. Youngman, Thomas Coleburn and (Hied McLain. It is not known where the first five of the foregoing list served, but from the amounts paid to them, they are supposed to have been in the service a considerable time. In June, 1777, a party of sixteen men, including Major Samuel Chase, Captain Samuel Cochran and Ensign Daniel McQuig, marched from Litchfield for Ticonderoga, upon news of General Burgoyne's ad- vance upon the fort. On reaching Charlestown (No. 4) they received news of the evacuation, and returned to their homes. In 1779 the sum of one thousand dollars was appropriated for the purpose ot raising men to till the town's quota for the army. The Committee of Safety for 1775 and 1776 consisted of James Underw I, Robert Darrah, John Harvell, John Thompson and Daniel Kendall. During the War of the Rebellion the town paid seven thousand five hundred dollars for bounties to soldiers, besides liberally caring for their families during service. The following are the names of the soldiers in the War of the Rebellion from Litchfield: James Aiken,- David L. Annis, Calvin ii. Blodgett, John G, B ise, E Boynton, George Brown, John D. Buckham, Jonathan Burbank,* Rufus Butterfield, Patrick Casgroye, Jonathan Crane, Franklin I ross, Thomas Donahue, James Duffie, William Flanders, Thorn;, Elias Foot, John ... Oiaham ... i II 1 1 .,. , ,, ,|, Frank Jones, Hiram .loyal, Joseph l.aeham .,'-' Charles Low, Langdon C. Lydston Lydston (navy), Charles H. Marsh, Joseph Manning, James F McQues- ten, Henry W. Moor, William II. Parker, Fernando Parker,' Jamee F. son Page, William Patrick, Hiram Pierce, Stephen Rolfe, William E. Ituss.-ll. Harrison Seavey, Edwin Seavey, John E. Seavey, Daniel Scott, Albert St Cloud, Jeriah Tufts,' Thomas Tayloi James Wilson William Wallis. Biographical Sketches— Captain James F. Mc- Questen was the third son of Henry McQuesten and Eliza (Chase) McQuesten, and was born iu Litchfield March 7, 1835. During his boyhood he attended the district school in his native town, and was afterwards a student at the academy in Derry, where he prepared himself for the United States .Military School at West Point, entering that institution as eadct in 1857. He graduated with honor in May, 1861, as second lieutenant of the Second United States Cavalry, and immediately entered the service at the outset of tin- War of the Rebellion. He was soon promoted to first lieutenant, and in February, 1863, to a captaincy, and served on the stalls of Generals Buford, Fitz-John Porter and McClellan. At the time of his death be ■ LITCHFIELD. was assistant adjutant-general on General Merritt's staff. ( aptain McQuesten was present in more than thirty engagements, and was killed at the battle of Winchester, September 1 9, 1864. Such was the brief but brilliant career of one of the noblest souls and bravest officers that fell during the late Civil War. From youth he was fitted, both by nature and his own great energies, for a soldier. His physical devel- opment was faultless ; his height was something more than six feet, with full chest and ruddy complexion. His presence was commanding, and his character unexceptionable. Captain McQuesten married Miss Marcia V. Mc- Questen, daughter of Edward and Harriet (Colby) McQuesten, September 23, 1863. The mortal remains of Captain McQuesten rest in the cemetery of his native town. His only legacy was his noble example of devotion and loyalty to his mother, his country and his friends. Wyzeman Claggett was born in Bristol, England, in August, 1721. His father was a barrister-at-law, and educated his only son liberally for the same pro- fession. Wyzeman, after graduating at the Inns of Court, was admitted a barrister in the Court of the King's Bench. He was subsequently appointed a notary public. In 1748, Mr. Clagett sailed for the West Indies, where he devoted ten years to the prac- tice of his profession in the island of Antigua. He was secretary of the island for a number of years. An annuity of fifty pounds sterling was settled upon him during life by John Weeks, Esq., of Antigua, a gentleman of means, who highly esteemed the friend- ship of Mr. Clagett. This annuity was paid regularly till his death, ami was a source of consolation in his declining years, when his professional income was meagre. From Antigua he emigrated to Portsmouth, N. H., where he soon became the chief magistrate. In 1765 he was commissioned King's Attorney- General by Governor Benning Wentworth, and was re- appointed, in 1768, by Governor John Wentworth. In 1771, Mr. Clagett purchased a valuable farm in the centre of Litchfield, and removed there in 1772. He was a member of the Council in 1775 and 1776, and one of the members of the Committee of Safety for Hillsborough County during the Kevolution, and solicitor general until the new form of State govern- ment was established, in 1783. He was a member of the Legislature several years, representing Litchfield, Nottingham West, Derryfield. Merrimack and Bed- ford ; although a resident of Litchfield, the last two towns, classed, returned him to the Assembly, much to his delight and satisfaction. Mr. Clagett was married August 14. 1859, to Miss Lettice Mitchell, of Ports- mouth. This lady afterwards became the wife of Simon McQuesten. Mr. Clagett was very severe as a magistrate; the very name Clagett was a synonym tor " prosecute." He was very eccentric and overbearing, and many anecdotes are told of his peculiarities. It is related of him that at one time, while he was judge at Ports- mouth, being too ] ■ to buy a load of wood, he sent his servant out to insult a farmer who was passing with a load. The countryman swore at the servant, and Judge Clagett had him arrested and fined him just the load of wood. He died on the 4th of December, 1784. One of his sons, ( llifton Clagett, studied law with his father, and began the practice of his profession in Litchfield in 1787. He removed to Amherst in 1811. During his residence in Litchfield he represented the town in the General Court for several years. In 1810 he was appointed judge of Probate for Hillsborough County, and held the office until he resigned, in September, 1812, having been appointed one of the judges of the Superior Court; upon the reorganization of the court by the Federal party, he was removed from the Superior Court, and again became judge of Probate, holding the office until his death, January 26, 1829. .lames U. Parker, son of Deacon Matthew and Sally (Underw 1) Parker, was born in Litchfield, July 28, 1797. He fitted for Dartmouth College, and was graduated from that institution in 1820. He read law with Hon. James Parker, of Bedford. Artemas Rogers, of Henniker, and Hon. Joseph Gilbert, ol Hanover. After admission to the bar he began prac- tice at Litchfield; thence he went to Merrimack, but returned to his native town in 1847. In connection with his brother Nathan, he established the Man- chester Bank, and was its president while it eon- tinned a State bank. His brother, who still survives, succeeded him when it became a national bank. James U. was also the first president of the Lawrence Railroad. He represented Merrimack in the Legis- lature in 1844 and 1845, and was president of the New Hampshire Senate in 1846. In 1850 he moved to New York City, and from 1857 to 1859 he was a resident of New Jersey. In 1859 he returned to New Hampshire, settled at Manchester and re- sumed the practice of law. He married, first, Miss Mary Hawkins, of Hanover, N. H., February 25, 1829. After her decease he married, in January. 1835, Miss Rebecca J. Lund, the daughter of Deacon Augustus Lund, of Merrimack, by whom he had several children. He died in March, 1871. His eldest sou, James U., is a resident of Manchester; his youngest son, Charles A., resides in Lynn, Mass. Dr. Jonathan Parker, a graduate of Harvard College, and a physician and surgeon of eminence, was a native of Litchfield. Dr. Parker had an extensive practice in his native town and also in the surrounding towns, being often summoned from a distance as a consulting physician. He died in September, 1791, leaving a family of ten children in destitute circumstance-. William McQuesten emigrated to this country from the north of Ireland about 1735, and settled in Litchfield. He was a descendant of the Mcl'isthons 4! If. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. who emigrated from Argyleshire, Scotland, near the close of the seventeenth century. William married a Miss Arbuckle, by whom he had eight children, — three sons (William, John and Simon, all of whom settled in Litchfield) and live daughters. Besides holding other positions of responsibility, he was town clerk for many years, and the records bear witness of his faithfulness. He is mentioned by the early writers as a man of "sterling sense and integrity ." Captain Isaac McQuesten, one of the oldest in- habitants of Litchfield, has led a useful and laborious life from his boyhood. He was the fust child of Robert H. McQuesten and Lydia (Barrett) McQues- ten, and was born October 18, 1X1 1. His only oppor- tunity for education was the district school for a term of eight or ten weeks yearly, until he attained the age of fourteen years, when he was hired out as a farm-hand; therefore, his success in life is due, in a great measure, to his own exertions. His parents were poor, and his great aim in early life was to pre- serve the homestead; this he secured at his majority, and he has since resided upon it. In 1X40, Captain McQuesteo and Captain Samuel Chase formed a copartnership which continued twenty years. They were extensively engaged in the lumber trade, and for several years were proprietors of the store at the centre of the town. Owing to the removal of Captain Chase to Nashua, the firm was dissolved in I860, and Captain Met ^uesten con- tinued the business till 1878. Under the old State militia he held a commission as captain in the Fifth Regiment. In politics he has co-operated with the Democratic party ; he has represented the town in the Legislature four years, and was elected road commissioner for Hillsborough County in 1x40: from time to time he hits held various offices of trust under the town gov- ernment. From 1862 to 1868 he was first selectman and town treasurer, and discharged the duties of these offices (which were greatly increased on ac- count of the Civil War) with fidelity. In L868 and 1869 he was his party's candidate for State Senator. He has been a justice of the peace, county since 1845, quorum and State since 1870, the principal magistrate of the town, and often employed in writ- ing deeds, wills and other instruments. Isaac McQuesten and Margaret A., daughter of Major Francis Chase and Dorothy (Bixby) Chase, were married December 29, 1X42. They have three children,— Eugene I''., a practitioner of medicine and surgery for eighteen years past in Nashua, N. H.; Francis H., lumber merchant and Jennie F., wife of Frederick L. ( 'enter. Since 1851, Captain McQuesten has beeu clerk of the Presbyterian Society, and for the past ten years superintendent of the Sabbath- school. Dr. Joseph Barnes, who died October 29, 1781, at the age of fifty-five years and ten months, came from Lincoln, England. For about twenty years he prac- ticed medicine in Litchfield, and, as had already been stated, was Burgeon in Colonel David Gilman's regiment during the Revolutionary War. He was elected delegate to the County Congress, which as- sembled at Amherst. Among his descendants is Royal D. Barnes, son of Warren M. Barnes, of Litchfield. Royal 1». was born in Litchfield June 18, 1854. After fitting for college he commenced the study of law, in the winter of 1x74, at Nashua, N. H. He was admitted to the Hillsborough County bar in January, 1878. Since his admission he has been located at Nashua, and has been three times elected city sol- icitor. Lawyers who have practiced in Litchfield: Wv/.e- man Clagett, Clifton Clagett, James Underw 1, JamesU. Parker. The following physicians have practiced in Litch- field: Jonathan Barker, Joseph Barnes, Nathan Ken- dall, David Campbell, Samuel Dodge. For many years the people have been dependent for medical aid upon the physicians located in Nashua, .Man- chester and Merrimack. Dr. Arthur G. Griffin, port physician of Boston, is a native of Litchfield. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. GEORGE GRIFFIN. ( ieorge ( Iritf'ui was the son id' Kbene/.er and Betsy (Carter) Griffin, and grandson of James and Phebe (Abbot) Griffin of Wilmington, Mass. The ancestry of Phebe Abbot may be traced to George Abbot, who came from Yorkshire, England, and settled in Andover, Mass., in 1043. In common with others who left their native isle and kindred for the enjoyment of religious freedom in the wilderness id' America, he realized that with enlarged liberties came increased responsibilities, which could lie wisely met only by the exercise of cultured intellectual faculties. The trio of noted educational institutions at Andover, which have and will continue to bless a nation, is but one grand ultimatum of this idea, and with their history the name of Abbot is associ- ated either as a beneficent founder or distinguished educator. Ebenezer, the eldest son of James and Phebe (Abbot) Griffin, married Betsey Carter, of Leominster, Mass., August 11, 1702. She was the third of eighteen children born to Josiah Carter, Jr., each of two wives being the mother of an equal number of offspring. The family of which Betsy Carter was a member, descended from Rev. Thomas Carter, whose early home was in Hertfordshire, England. He sailed for the New World in 1635, and eight years later was pastor of a church in Woburn, Mass. 4*H**r LITCHFIELD. The parents of the subject of this sketch resided in Leominster for a time, but previous to the birth ol George, which occurred July 28, 1811, had removed to Chelmsford, Mass. if.' was the tenth of a family of twelve children. A few years later circumstances favored a residence in Litchfield, and here George spent his life. His early educational advantages were such as were afforded by the district school of that time in a small country town. These limited privi- leges weregreatlj abridged tin- George, when twelve yearsof age, by a serious illness occasioned by bathing in the Merrimack when heated, which resulted in a disfigured limb. Had this physical infirmity been tenfold more afflictive, it would not have modified his determination to make his way in the world. As a means to that end, he earned money boating wood to Lowell, which was then an incipient manufacturing place, to defray the expense of a term or two at Dem- and one at Bradford Academy, the latter then under the principalship of Benjamin < ireenleaf. This com- pleted his school education, terminating in his eigh- teenth year, and he returned to bis former occupation on the Merrimack. When funds were accumulated, Mr. Griffin engaged in the lumber business tor a while, and then opened a general store in Litchfield. February 24, 1844, the store, dwelling-house and other buildings connected. of which Mr. Griffin was proprietor, were burned. Trade was continued near the old stand, until build- ings were erected on the former site. But mercan- tile life had bo told upon Mr. Griffin's health that he felt compelled to relinquish trade and engage in some occupation that necessitated an out-of-door life to some extent, and he accepted the office of deputy sheriff, entering upon its duties in 1848. This work proved disappointing in its recuperative effects, and he soon resigned the office and gave his atten- tion to the lumber business and the supervision of his farm. The characteristics prominent in the busi- ness operations of Mr. Griffin were sagacity, energy, and fidelity, — the foundation stones of a successful career. Politically, he affiliated with the Democrats, and by the suffrages of his townsmen he held the office of town clerk in 1839, selectman in 1839 and 1840 and representative in 1848 and 1849. While in the Legis- lature he served on the judiciary committee. He received the appointment of justice of the peace July 7, 1849, ami the same year and the following served in the position of superintending school committee. While George Griffin's generous nature gladly aided all movements that promised a public benefit, the cause of education enlisted bis deepest sympa- thies and heartiest -up]. on. The exercise of keen powers of observation strengthened the opinion that the path to honorable success, especiallj to lie- boj or girl dependent upon the labor of hand or brain for advancement, was over the stepping-st mi ol knowledge, and better than all accumulation of riches for children was the discipline of good schools. The exemplification of that deep-seated convict ion accom- plished a good work In private life Mr. Griffin was the genial, courteous gentleman; a kind husband, indulgent father, help- ful son and brother and generous friend. Children delighted in his presence, and those now in middle life wdio met him in childhood, recall with pleasure that " ( ieoi'ge I iritlin always shook hands with them.'' When twenty-six years of age he married Clarissa, the eldest daughter of John and Susannah (Dickey) White of Litchfield, who inherited from her English and Scotch-Irish parentage those strong traits of char- acter that mark the efficient, self-sacrificing woman. Eight children were the fruit of that union,— Jose- phine, Mary White, Susan Grace, George Byron, John White, Nonas Clement, Orville Carter and Arthur George. Orville died in infancy, and John passed away at Leavenworth, Kan., in 1878, aged thirty-two years. With a large family growing up which needed his protecting arm, a devoted wife in whom he found a helpmeet, prosperous in financial matters, a popular citizen, there seemed much to make life sweet, not- withstanding physical suffering; but the all-wise Lather had better things beyond, and, December 13, 1853, the spirit left the feeble frame through which it had bravely met life's trials for forty -two years. The aged Christian mother survived her dear son several months, but was an invalid after hi- di cease His father died five years previous, at the age of seventy-eight. The wishes of Mr. Griffin in regard to the educa- tion of his children were faithfully observed by his widow. Each child that reached the period of youth received academical advantages to a greater or less extent. Mary W. was graduated at the Salem, Mass. Normal School; John W. at Dartmouth College, and was a member of the Legislature his last college year. Arthur G., who was but six weeks old when left an orphan, was educated at New London Literary Insti- tution, Brown University and Harvard Medical Col- lege, and is now port physician at Boston Harbor. The quiet, beautiful town of Litchfield is still the home of Mrs. Griffin. HISTORY OF LYKDEBOROUGH. ];v i'A\ id c. CHAPTER I. Lyndeboeotjgh is bounded on the north by Fran- cestown, east by New Boston and Mont Vernon, south by Milford and Wilton, west by Temple and Greenfield. A part of all the surrounding tow as ex- cept New Boston has been severed from Lynde- borough. The mountain range nearly divides it from east to west, rendering it very inconvenient for a justcentral place for tin' accommodation of all; hence came the divisions. The soil for the most part is rough, hut fertile beyond the most of the neighbor- ing towns, affording the best grazing lands in the State. Situated upon the first range of highlands as the traveler passes from Massachusetts to New Hamp- shire, about midway between the Merrimack and Con- necticut Rivers, the view from the mountain is rarely surpassed by any mountain view in New Hampshire, ami is of easy access from the railroad station at Lyndeborough or Greenfield. The Pinnacle Moun- tain is about fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea. In the eastern part of the town is a remarkable gulf called Purgatory; over the s ,th rock-bed from above, the waters of a considerable stream rush down a rough narrow chasm with the force of a miniature Niagara to the great basin below. The first mention of Lyndeborough as a township is found in the records of the General Court of .Massa- chusetts. It is dated June 19, 1735, and is a vote upon a petition of Captain King and fifty-nine Others, who were in an expedition to Canada in the year 1690, and the descendants of such of them as are dead, praying for a grant of hind for a township in consideration of their and their ances- tors' sufferings in the said expedition. Massachusetts at the time of the date of this petition included within her territorial limits the present State of New Hampshire. In accordance with the prayer of the petitioners, the General Court of Massachusetts ordered a com- mittee to he appointed to layout a town, six miles square, under the name of Salem-Canada, and to di- vide it into sixty-three shares, reserving on, share for ili" first settled minister, one tor the ministry and one for schools. The grantees were required to set- tle a learned orthodox minister and build and finish a convenient meeting-house for the public worship of 498 * God, and that on each of the other sixty shares the petitioners do, within three years from the confirma- tion of the plan, have settled one good family, who shall have a house built on his home-lot of eighteen feet square and seven feet studs at the least, and finished. That each right or grant have six acres of land brought to and plowed, or brought to Eng- lish grass and fitted for mowing ; provided, that in case any of the lots or rights are not duly settled in all regards, as aforesaid, then such lots, with the right- thereof, to revert to and he at the dis- position of the province. The committee, accord- ing to instructions, laid out the township west of die Narragansett town (No. 3). How faithfully, with what energy, with what zeal and determination the grantees entered upon their part of the contract can now only he seen by the imperfect record. The early landmarks have disap- peared, and it is not possible to reproduce tin scenes in which they planted their habitations. To men employed in subjugating the forest, clearing lots, making roads and rearing log houses there was no leisure and little disposition to make careful records. At a meeting held in Maiblehead and one in Wobura." From the above votes it appears that they pro- ceeded with all the dispatch that was possible in a new country so far separated from them. The first division of lots was drawn February 3, 1 737, at the house of Margaret Pratt, inn-holder, in Salem, Mass., where all the early proprietors' meetings were held. The second division lots were drawn June 2, 1737, On the 28th day of November, 1737, Cornelius Tar- hell and Joseph Richardson were authorized to clear LYNDEBOROUGII. 499 a road from Narragansett (No. 3) to near the centre of the town, for which they be paid fifty-eighl pounds. At a meeting held on the 20th day of December, 1738, " Voted, that Mr. John Cram have twenty pounds in bills of credit and the lot No. 39 in the second division of lots if he build and keep in repair a good and sufficient saw-mill for fifteen years, to be finished before the last day of August next." At the same meeting, " Voted, to give ten pounds towards building a bridge over the Nashua River." On the 7th day of March, 1739, Cornelius Tarhell, John Fowl and Joseph Richardson were chosen a committee to locate a spot for the meet- ing-house and clear a road to it. On the 28th day of May the committee reported. They voted to build a house forty-five feet long, thirty-five feet wide and twenty feet posts. These dimensions would seem quite large for a new town. It appeared to be much easier to vote to do than to do. As the com- mittee reported at the next meeting that they could not find any person that would undertake to build the meeting-house, in 1740, June 9th, they voted to alter the dimensions. On the 24th day of September, 1741, the committee were ordered to raise the house, and Lieutenant Cornelius Tarhell, to furnish the necessary articles for the raising. Amonir the arti- cles furnished were twenty-one gallons of rum, two hundred pounds of fish, two bushels of meal and bread, twenty pounds of butter. The separation of New Hampshire, in 1741, from Massachusetts caused much anxiety and did much to retard the settlements on the lands granted by Mas- sachusetts. That the proprietors of Salem-Canada were not exempt is evident by their vote on the 2d day of October, 1741 : " Voted, that a humble petition be presented to his most excellent majesty on account of the difficulties that may arise on the settlement of the northern boundary of this province; that Benjamin Lynde, Joseph Blaney and Daniel Epps be a committee to draft the same." Yet, with all these discouraging events, they made some progress, and in the space of five years no less than two saw-mills had been built and many set- tlements made. The proprietors worked with a will and determination known only to the first settlers of New England. The nearest grist-mill was at Dunstable, Mass., to which the first grain that was raised was carried on horseback or by hand-sleds in winter. The roads were little more than foot-paths marked by "spotted" trees. For a long time there were apprehensions of danger from Indians. Lvnde- borough seems never to have been a fixed residence for them, but merely a hunting-ground. They lived along the Merrimack and Connecticut Rivers, and in times of -hostility, or when hostility was feared, the first settlers went into garrison. This continued for ten or twelve years. They built a garrison near where the first meeting-house was built, not far from where E. H. Putnam now lives. Yet so slow were the settlements that the pro- prietors, at their meeting on the 20th day of May, 1741, voted, as a further encouragement to settlement according to the conditions of the grant, that they would give them out of the treasury ten pounds. This will explain the delay in executing the earlier votes, — the way was not prepared; openings must be made in the forest, the soil broken and crops raised before many families could safely enter this vast unbroken wilderness. The meeting-house, which it had been voted to build in 1 73i>. dimensions altered in 1740, raised in 1741, remained unfinished in 1 743. At a meeting held on the 23d day of August, 174:;, "Voted, to finish the meeting-house; chose a com- mittee to do the same ; chose Deacon Putnam, • lorne lius Tarhell, Daniel Eps, committee ; also chose John Cram, Jacob Putnam and John Deale to hire a min- ister to preach ; and that there be allowed three pounds per day, old tenor, for as many days as they shall have preaching lor the next six months," — being the first provisions for preaching. This must have been a day long anticipated by these devoted men. We can raise no question as to the genuine- ness of their faith and of the sincerity of their love. A people moving into the forests to clear for them- selves homesteads in the solitudes of the wilderness do not take upon themselves the burdens of building meeting-houses and sustaining ministers without deep convictions of the value of the gospel. It would gratify our curiosity to know more exactly how these men felt, what operated to cheer and depress them, what books they read, what tunes they sung, how they passed their Sabbath days without the regular service. But the records are very scanty. Their public acts are recorded but of their own toils, their prayers, their self-denials and their achievements they say nothing. The strength of their devotion may be inferred from their sacrifices to maintain worship, and their belief of the truth from their unfaltering purpose to train up their children under the instructions of a learned orthodox ministry. '■ Ani'iim tins noM'-lioirtol lianil She came to cheer and refine the rude settlers. She bravely dares the terrors of the wilderness to share a home in the log cabin. She forded rivers and pene- trated forests to come hither. She came to dwell under the shades of the vast, savage woods. Her employ- ments were humble, but her aims lofty, — "She looked well to the ways of her household, and ate not the bread of idleness." Through long days and sleepless nights she watched over her tender children; and when distant labor or, what was still worse, the trumpet of war summoned her husband away from her side, she steadily plied her lonely task, watching his return, or learned dreadful news of his return no more forever. We have often read of the horrors of the wars of that period. It would be unjust to forget that those who stayed at home often endured HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tar more than those who braved the flaming lines of battle, — more in heart-sickness, hope deterred, hope destroyed and all the nameless haunting terrors of the deep woods, where the wild beasts and the wilder Indiana were their only neighbors for miles and miles away. The history of Mary McFarland, the wife of John Badger, who died in Salem-Canada in the winter of 174o, is a good illustration of the courage, the devo- tion, the patience and perseverance of the women of that day. Following her lover across the ocean and joining him here, they were married, and after a few years moved into Salem-Canada. lie died suddenly. The night in midwinter she lelt him in her cabin with her little children, and went on snow-shoes three or four miles to her nearest neighbors, the return, the rude coffin, the burial of that dear one— who can de- scribe the impulses of that devoted heart'.' Our limits will not admit of further remarks. There does not appear from the records that there was much to disturb the prosperity of the town until 1749, when the heirs of Mason, by their agent, Joseph Blanchard, Esq., to form a town called No. 2 (afterwards named Wilton), took away nearly one-fourth of the land and annexed another piece on the north equal thereto. By this movement it changed the centre, and the first meeting-house was never finished. On December 5 1753, the township was granted to Benjamin Lynde and thirty others, as it was after the Wilton lands had been taken away, and named Lyndeborough. The town was incorporated April 23, 1704. In 1791 the northwest part of the town was set off to form a part of Greenfield, ami all that was added in the north in 1753, to Francestown. In June, 1796, the town lost another piece, which was annexed to Temple. In 1853 the town was divided and annexed to Mont Vernon, and again, in 1873, a small piece annexed to Milford; and we now stand like a plucked goose, picked of our most valuable part, yet alive and not discouraged, performing our part in the great family of towns, and supporting two churches and ten district schools. From 1753 to 17<>S the vexed question of the right place for the meeting-house (as in many other towns i was the most difficult one to he settled. After many attempts had been made, the town could not agree. But at a special meeting, held on the loth day of April, 176S, John GofT, of Bedford, Samuel Barr, of Londonderry, and John Hale, of Hollis, were chosen a committee to locate the meeting-house. The com- mittee reported on the 27th of April, 1768, that the most suitable spot was near when' our present town- house now stands. Here ended a difficulty that had existed about fifteen years. From the records hut little can he learned of great interest to the present generation. The building of the church, the settling of the minister, Rev. Sewell Goodridge, the opening of roads, improving their lands, building school- houses and th lucatioti of their children appears to have been sufficient employment until 1774. October 17th a warrant was issued by the selectmen tin- a meeting on the 31st instant, to choose delegate- To meet with delegates of other towns in this county, to consider the best method for the county to come into on account of the difficulties the country labored under, " Chose David Badger and Joseph Herrick delegates." " I oted to purchase 1 barrel of powder, 100 lbs. of lead, 5 dozen Hints; chose Ephraim Putnam committee to purchase the same." January 20th, " Chose Dr. Ben- jamin Jones delegate to meet with other delegates at Exeter." On the 3d day of May. 177->. " Voted to raise ten minute-men to he ready at a minute's warn- ing to meet their enemies." " Voted, the selectmen t • > take care of their farms if suddenly called away." " Voted, to purchase 40 hhd. of salt, 5 hlid. molasses, 1 of rum for the use of the town." We have been unable to find a list of the names of the men that were enlisted. By the census taken on the 19th day of December, 177o. there were twenty-seven men in the army. Our population was seven hundred and thirteen at that time. A special meeting was warned after services on Sunday, the 27th of October, 177"'. to convene the next day, at which it was " Voted to pur- chase a barrel of powder." On the 6th day of May, 1777, "Voted to pay a bounty of 100 dollars to each of 16 men called for at that time. Also voted to give 20 shillings per month to every man that had served in the army to that time." On the 9th day of Feb- ruary, 1778, the articles of confederation and per- petual union were read and unanimously passed. On the 27th of September, 1770, a committee was chosen to set a value upon the necessaries of lite and the various products of the farm. " Voted, the Rev. Sewidl G lridge. his salary, 66 pounds, 13 shillings, and 4 pence in Corn. Rye. Wool. Flax, Beef, Pork or Labor, at prices such articles sold for before the war. in 1774." March 14, 1780, " Voted to allow Nehemiah Rand, on Account, as Delegate to Exeter and Concord to form a plan of government, 22 bushels, 3 pecks, of Indian Corn, or money enough to buy that amount." On the loth day of July, 1781, " Voted to receive no more Continental money alter the 12th instant." In 1784 three hundred and fifty Continental dollars were burned up by the committee chosen to settle with the treasurer. At a special meeting, held on the loth day id' August, 1782, " Voted to have stocks built for the correction of disorderly persons." " Voted, the selei t- liit'ii be a committee to build the stocks." Whether this old Roman engine of punishment was ever built, or used if built, the historian has left us no record; hut if any one was so punished, he would undoubtedly think of St. Paul eighteen hundred years ago and of the un justness of his punishment. From the above rec- ord- we can form a very good history of the early settlers of Lyndeborough, maintaining the same fixed purposes, uncomplaining, enduring all the toils and hardships incident to the early settlement-. And LYNDEBOROUGH. what has the harvest been? The children and chil- dren's children are scattered far and wide, and can be found in almost every Statu and Territory throughout this broad land, aiding and upholding our free insti- tutions, establishing churches, schools and Sunday- schools. Thelasttown-meetingheld in Lyndeboroughthat was called in "His Majestye's name'' was called March 14, 1775. (Recorded in vol. ii. p. 3, town records.) Representatives.— The following is a list of the men who have been representatives from Lynde- borough ' : David Badger : Joseph Herrick; Dr. Benjamin .' -. I; Neheiniah Rand, 4 ; Francis Epps, 2 ; in 1777, classed with Wilton, chose major Abial Abbott, 1 ; also in 1778, Nathaniel Batcheldor, 1 ; Peter Clark, -1 ; Levi Spalding ; Ephraim Putman, 2 ; Joseph Eppe, 1 Jacob Dascomb, 2; Daniel Putman, PJ i Noheminh Boutwell. :; ; I ". d-.n-'l limothy I'nt- man, 1; Joseph .lour;., : : Saniuel Hartshorn, - uumel Putman, -'- Samuel T. Manehan, _ ; lV-ii.iamin Jones, J: Datn.-l V Bor.hnaii, -1 : Asa Manning, 2 ; Peter Cram, 2 ; Jesse Clement, I . Dei I', d Put- man, 1; Jotham Hildretb. Jr., :: : Shereliiab M.a.tm,;. 1 ; Ebenezer BusseU.l . William H. Grant, 2 ; Charles Parker, 1; Israel Herrick, 3; Jolin Richardson, J ; Jonathan St.-phen.-on, J ; Julio i C... . In L.-, J Timothy T. Putman, 2; Luther Cram,2; George A. Putman; Dr. Wil- liam A. Jones; Eli C. Curtis, 2 ; William W. Burton, '-' ; Franklin Sen- ter, 2 ; John 11 Goodridge : I harles Tarbell, 1 ; Daniel It, Whittemore, 1; Gaylord Smith. Justices of the Peace.— No complete list of names can now he furnished; hut. almost without exception, every representative of the town was cum missioned jus- ticeof the peace, and quite often many others. Among the- names found not written above are Andrew Fuller, David .Stiles, David C.Grant, Joel H. Tarbell, Charles F. Tarbell and Joseph A. Johnson. Jonathan Cram died January 23, L790,aged eighty- two years. Selectmen. — The following is a list of those wdio have held the office of selectman during the one hundred ami twenty-one years of its incorporated ex- istence : Daniel IS. Whitte ,,-, charlo, II. s.-nter, Kvret K. Low. ib„il. -I.. Perham, David G. Dickey. Military.— Lyndehorough is noted for ii spirit, having supported two organized companies for many years The Light Infantry was for some years considered the best-drilled company in the old Twenty-second Regiment. The Lafayette Artillery is noted as the oldest military organization in the State, being organized in 1804 tinder the name of the Artillery; being assigned to the Twenty-see 1 Regi- ment of the New Hampshire Militia, with head- quarter- at Peterborough. The roster of officers that year was, — James Wilson, captain; Nathaniel Mori- son, lieutenant ; Jonathan Mitchell, ensign. In 1833 their headquarters was moved to South Lynde- borough. In 1841 it was incorporated under the name of the Lafayette Artillery. In 1864 it was mustered into the service of the United States, and did garrison duty at Portsmouth, X. II. Tin- roster of officers that year was,— Joel H. Tarbell, captain ; Eli C. Curtis, first lieutenant; Charles H. Holt, second lieutenant; John Gage, orderly. The roll contains at date (1885), the names of twenty-eight commanding officers and six hundred and thirty-nine enlisted men. Revolutionary Records.— I find in the doings of the selectmen (page :.!<)), 17sn, the following copies of re- ceipts, worded as follows : " V memorandum of tlie rerei[its reeeived of those men that ildisted in the Continental army for what money and notes of hand they re- ceived of the selectmen. • Maj y 9th, 1777.— William 1 , Lii utenant, rei eii i d i teol band for one hundred and Twenty Pounds t Money, for procuring I pay- " April II, 1777. — I. Jin siioiii i in .1 a in in- -J I ;.i ie I lui si\n pounds £ ney, foi Li- two Sons doing three yi are' service. " April 11, 1777.— James Campbell reeeived one hundred dollars fur doing iln ee j "April 11. 777 -Nathaniel Batchelder rece ved a note baud for thirty pounds En Timi iln M< g Iln i-i.-i ed a vice in the army. aote - i i 1 to thirty pounds t. ,1 hi- sell i e thi ee vears in th army. J 1 ■ i; vedi note ,t band for 01 hundred N'athain-1 Phelps, l'.-t.-i Clark, Jeremiah Carlton. Daniel Gould, Nathanic 1 Bateh-ldor. Dr. II- in J I... In nun, . tonus Kidder. Jonathan Butler, Joseph Batcheldor, Ujial «i - Bamuel Hueston, Wm. Button, Aaron Lewie, Jacob Das.-,, ml-. John Woodward liiahCi , Kliphlet Badger, William Clark. Daniel Putman, Oliver Whiting, Edmund Perkins, Caleb Huston, Nathan Wheeler, Benjamin Go b Ige, Jotham Hildreth, Gideon Oram, Joseph Jones, William Jones, Jacob Fliim, J. II ». li'iilc, \-:t Manning, Joshua Atwood, Oliver Bixlvy, Oliver Whitin-. Henry Cram. Daniel X. Bordman. Jam.-. I, Clark, Kl.ene/er Russell, David Putman, -tames cram, Samuel T. Manehan, Israel Herriek. Jacob Butler, Benja- min Jones, David Stiles, Samuel Jones. El.cii./.-r Fi-k, Ivt.-r Cram. Dexter Burton, Amos Pratt, Jonathan St.-ph.-iiM.ii. Jonathan Hildretb, Jr.. David K. ll.lt, K/ra ham-, l.uther Cram, Daniel w Iward, Jr., Sherebiah Manning, Howard S. Blood, Joseph Chamberlain, Jr., Rufus Chamberlain Davli .no, Eli C. I artto, John Hartshorn, John t. ltoll, I lb i ■ i II it Wo n . W II -.-. .ii.'. I :-.- .-1 i I '. Spielill no, .!. ., I II. Tarbell, Nathaniel T M.lnnr-. tarbell Harvey Perham, Join i II Goodridge, Charles II Holt Ge rge 1. Spalding, John Rich- ardson, E.J.Parker, D. l; I'm. tor, Andy Holt, Jonathan Dan- forth, Wilks H. Hadley, George Rose, Adoniram Russell, John M. Emory, Erwin L. Wilder, Levi I' Hadley, Jason Holt, Albert Cram, 1 The tlL-u . n-|,r.-si-iit the number of v " Julv --, 1 77'. c — Israel Hutchinson, John Durpt, Isaa. Calkin, Wil- liam Burnham received m cash ami notes of hand the sum of sixty Pound - ..- ii a- -. I". mill t.,i doimj .,,, v. ,,-' s-iui i- in ll \. " Maioh _', 177- .l.-i, .li Mil ii I-.,, Lieutenant, reeeived a Not- of hand for thirty pounds £ Money, tor pi ■-. iintjo :lll ,l pay mo a imm l.-i .loin- -J three years' service. A town-meeting held I (ctober 28, 1776, was worded as follows : A I the a hove meeting the follow inn- vote was passed : - 1,1. I .,-..', io Purchase one Bbl. of Powder for a town Stock." At a meeting held November, 177H, warned the ,,! II,.- toll I. StOI B. of hinges lot the door in same way. the following vol,- was passed o Voted, to impower James Boutwell to take care of t Powder, balls and Bints, and pro. are i th.. meeting-house loft." April 8, 1777, '' Voted to give each man that is to be raised to make up the sixteen men that are now called HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. for, one hundred dollars, and that they shall have the interest of the money until paid." "The committee oh.i.s.n .hi the tii^t .l:iy of Deeeiuher. 1777, in accord- .111 f a vote of the town t.» allow each man who had served in tie \i.ir from the commencement tn tie- pres.nt tune, twenty shillings per month, Reported on the 25th Inst a reward of t7,".7 13». lid. " N VIII 1SIIL BaTCUELD "Reuben Spalding, " David Badoer, Mm-., Ill " I'.liM uiih Jones, j The following are the names of those men thatwent and returned with Lieutenant Barron on the alarm April 20, 177."». Samuel Barron, John Reyu.dds, .lohn Savau'., Sanne'l Stephens, Peter Russell, Philip Fletcher, Nathaniel Rurnliam, .Joseph Merrick, Andrew Johnson, Daniel Gould, Ehelie/.er Gardner, John Thompson, Andrew Thompson, Reuben Batcheldor, ^mqs Whitteniore, John Carkin, Na- il, I Phelps, Lieutenant Spalding The following are the names of those that engaged in the service for tie- year 1775, at Winter Hill, their time being eight months: Captain Spalding, Lieutenant lie-,,.,- Boffee, Ensign William Lee, Joseph Elenv 1 Jess Lynd Nehemiah Hutchinson, Samuel McMhs- t,-r, Nathaniel Hat. uelder, Jai oh Dutt m Ezra Dtntton, Edward Beviugs, Jr., John Smith. Jacob Wetman, Elisha Wilkins. Daniel Cram, John Hutchinson, David Putman, Benjamin Bevinga, Phineas Barker. The following are the names of those that went from Winter Hill to York in 1776: Adam Johnson, John Jnhnson, Thomas Pringle, Edward Bevi i\-.->y. The names of those who went from Winter Hill to Canada and to Trenton in 17713, were: Captain Spalding, Thomas P., , ]!,-,■, William I.ee, Jaeoh Dutton, Samuel -Ml. b, tfehemiah Hutchinson, Jolin Woodbury, James Campbell. The names of those who w.ut, in L776, to Ticonder- Oga, Well' : Captain Barron, John Sh-ple-nson, John Ki,l,ler,.l,>hn Reynolds, Aaron Lewis, Nathan Pals,,ii-, !>.■., ,i Putman. Daniel Putman, David Badger, l;..i...it 1 :. i . 1 u . - r . o -g. il 1 leu. a ' o.eiM. l;. iii..n itatehetder, Joseph Batchelder, Peter Russell, Joshua Had , Wi ,, il trson, John Savage, Esq. Fuller, Lieutenant Kill-'. I. I, u I'lliov, l-aa, Day, Lieutenant linest ,n, Amos Whittemore Simeon Fletcher, Captain Cram, Asa Stiles, Ephraim Putman, Jr., John Boffee, Samuel Stephens, Jonathan Chamber- lain, Ensign Phelps, Jeremiah r.ulimi Those that enlisted September L'ti. 177H, and went to New York, were : Nathaniel W I Only, .1 —i.ilt \V 11 any, Khenozer Gardner, P.- 11 Jamil) Senter, Hezekiah Duncklee, Vsa Dutton, [thamer Woodward, Amos Whitte ,', Ezra Dutton, Joseph Wilkins. Jr., Jess.. Piitiii.ii,, ...ill Nich- olas IL MS.. III. Those that went to Fishkill, N. Y., in the year 1777, were: Samuel Chamberlain, Richard Battin, Andrew- Creasey, Daniel Cram, Aaron putman. Those who went to Tieonderoga, July 1, 1777, wen- : Samuel Hf.est.,li, Aar.ui l.eu I-. .1,1 .luiah Carlton, ,1 ithan Chamher- lain. Jonathan Chamberlain, Ji . ■' -ha Beasom, William Holt, Aaron Putman, Timoth] Parsoi Hat tnic Hut h u n Edward Bevens, John 11 in. h. us, ,ii, 1 1, mi,. I I'raiu . I. .Iin i .ok in, I ti. .in.,- Parsons, Joseph Abbott, Siin Fletcher, Joseph Bat, b ;i1 -' Bent* u Spal ling, John Boffee. Those win. went to Bennington, July 21, 1777, were : Peter Clark, Stephen llurnliam, Nathaniel ltiirnhaiu, Grengawn 0s- g..o.l. I'aniel lierrick, George Parsons, John Mead, Aaron Whittemore, John lint, henson, Amos Wilkins, John Stiles, Walter Ross, Benja- lniti Cram, Jr., Benjamin Dntton, William Holt, David Stratton, Reuben Spalding, Jaeoh Cram, Edwin Biokf'.rd, David Cram. The above men went or furnished substitutes. Sixteen men also were at Saratoga, (having enlisted) September 29th : were also at the surrender of Bur- goyne, October 16th ; and were in the service twenty- six days. Sixteen men were in the service on August G, 1778. in Rhode Island. The records also furnish the names of many that did some service daring the war; butthe above gives thr names of those who rendered the most of the ser- vile during the great struggle. War of the Rebellion.— The following is a list of the volunteers belonging to Lyndeborough, who were mustered into the United States service during the War of the Rebellion : FIRST REGIMENT (Three Months). Asher Curtis (2d), Alden It. Bennett, William Ordway, Hiram F.Cur- tis, William Langdell, Hiram M. Tarhell, William R. Duncklee, Harvey M. Newt. ,ii, Martin Hale. SECOND REGIMENT (Three Years). Harvey Holt, Jr., killed at the battle of Bull linn. July 21, 1861. i' up.. rat J,,hii A. Hartshorn, killed al the hattle of Williamsburg, May .lames M. W'elliuaii, discharged January, 1863. FOURTH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Edward K. Marsh, discharge, 1 Eehruary, LSf.2. Martin Hale FIFTH REGIMENT (Three rears). Fred. S. Manning, died at Richmond, Va., January, 1863. JohnS. Stephenson. SEVENTH REGIMENT [Three Tears). Hi Sage. EIGHTH REGIMENT (Three Years). C.rporal Jos.-ph Plan, 'hard, Joihain P. Draper, Samuel A. Conant, George i: Follensl (died at ship Island, summer of 1862), Samuel A. I il, >,| j.-, Hit A/lo 1). Irani, Lewis W. Smith. Klliallian 1 1. ..Igliian, John Benton Dolliver, Andrew J. Marshall, Hiram M. Tarbell, William in inn discharged), Sergeant G ge E. Winn, Nathan A. Fish (dis- charged), Edward Ross, Benjamin 8. w is NINTH REGIMENT (Three Years). William Juslin and Edward K. Marsh. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. Howard B. \ -. THIRTEENTH ItEGIMI- N't .Three Years!. I, untenant Nathan P.. F...U1 v\ . 11 i '. .1 p. u.il IVnialllin J. Boutwell, David 1 , .. poral George T. Woodward,' Henry E Spalding, William T. Boutwell. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT , Nine Months). Captain G ■-,■ W li.,-w..rlli, s.ig.a ul G....rge T. Jones, Sergeant Anda IP, It, Corporal Ehen .1. Palmer, William P. Steele, John 0. Carkin, John H. Karr. Nathan S. Harris, William H. Ordway, Benjamin . I. Clark, Abraham Boutwell, Michael Ford, Charles R. Bacon, George B. Ray- mond, John C. Ordway, J soph Kaaon, William Plan, hard, James Bout- well, John A Franklin, Re hard Batten, John R. Butler. Surgeon Alfred F. II, .It. First Texas Cavalry. Isaiah B.Curtis, Illinois Cavalry. George F. Johnson, Illinois Cavalry, William Langdell, Fourteenth Regiment United States army. 1 David E. Proctor and George T. W Iward were captains of colored o.inipauii.s during the latter part ot llu war, and were discharged with rank of colonel. LYNDEBOROUGH. Jonathan II. Stephenson, Fourteenth Regiment United States army. Gorham B. Clark, Fifth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. i ,|;. ][,,, v.,.. I, - ■. .., k hi I! l.i . \ ..' i.:. Whole amount of bounties paid volunteers from Lyndeborough, three thousand dollars. Harvey Holt Post, No. 15, G. A. R., was organized September 22, 18G8, by C. Henry Holt, W. P. Steele, W. W. Woods, J. Blanchard, C. F. Tarbell, A. Holt, F. A. Nourse, G. T. Jones, J. C. Carkin, .1. H. Good- rich, M. C. Fuller, W. X. Cheever, E. A. Cram, as charter members. The first officers of the post were,— Post Com- mander, C. H. Holt; Senior Vice-Commander, A. Holt; Junior Vice-Commander, G. T.Jones; Ad- jutant, C. P. Tarbell ; Quartermaster, F. A. Nourse; Sergeant-Major, J. Blanchard; Quartermaster-Ser- geant, J. H. ( roodrich. The membership was soon increased to thirty. It was voted to name the post after Harvey Holt, the first soldier who was killed from this town and State, who fell at the first battle of Bull Run ; he was in the Second Regiment and on the skirmish line. D. G. Dickey, of this town, was beside him when he fell, Holt was killed by a piece of shell which burst near him. In 1871 the post voted to appropriate all the surplus funds in their treasury, which were one hundred and thirty dollars for a soldiers' monument, and placed them at interest until they could obtain enough to purchase one. In 1879 the town voted two hundred and fifty dollars to assist the post in the purchase of a monu- ment, which was erected that year in the South Cemetery, with all the names of soldiers from this town who were killed or died of disease and not brought home. INSCRIPTION. East Face. 1. Harvey Holt, Co. I. 2d Regt. V II V Killed at tsl Battle of Bull Run, July21, 1861. 2. George K. ETollansbee, Co. B, 8th Regt., N. H. V. Died oi disease at Ship Island, Miss., May 1, 1862. 3. Corp. John A. Hartshorn, Co. G, 2d Regt., N. H. V. Killed at Williamsburgh, Va., May "., 1862. 4. Walter Chamberlain, Co. G, I'.th Regt , X. II. V. Died "I disease at \,« Orleans, La,, Maj 7. 1863. Nobth Face. .5. Frederick S. Manning, Co. I, 5th Regt., X. II. V. Killed at GettyB- burgh, Pa., July L', 1863, 0. NathanS. Harris, Co. G, 16th Regt, V II V Drowned near mouth ,,f White River, Ark., Aug. 6, 1863. 7. John H. Karr, Co. G, 16th Regt.,N II. \ Died of disease at Vicks- burg, Miss., Aug 10, 1863. 8. Corp. Austin Blood, Troop C,lst N. H. V. Cavalry. Died of Wounds at Win, hester, Va., Dec. 10, 1864. 9. Elnathan Hodgman, Co. E, 8th Regt., X. II. V. Died of disease at. Baton Rouge, La., Jan. 9, 1865. West I\i i . 10. EdwardT. Ross, Co. I:, Bth Regt., V II. v. Killed at Tort Hudson, La., Jan. 1 1, 1863. 11. JothamP. Draper, Co. E, 8th Regt., v II v I lofdiseasi il Batou Rouge, La., May 10, 1863. 1,'eel II \ Died ■J.s, 1863. 13. Corp. Eben J. Palmer, Co. i : , nth Regt., N. II. V. DiedatBaton Roug . I.:. .1 14. Sergt. William Langdell.Co. A, 14th V. S. Infantry. Died in Ander- soriville prison, (la., Sept. 2.",, 1*64. Every year since organized the post has placed ever- green crosses at the graves of all soldiers buried in thistown; there are 18 soldiers of 1861, 12 of 1812, and 17 of 177ti, which makes 47, and 14 on the monu- ment, — total, 61 . Number of soldiers living in town at this time that have been in United States service, 41). Pinnacle Grange was organized December 26, 1873, with a charter membership of seventeen. An interest in the order of Patrons of Husbandry had been developed among the citizens, and at a meeting held December 9th of that year, Eben Thompson, a deputy of the National Grange, explained the object . of the order, and the benefits to be derived from a co- operative association among the farmers. C. C. Shaw, of Granite Grange, Milford, was its first installing officer, and was much interested in perfecting its or- ganization. The growth of the Grange for a number of years was slow ; some prejudice and much doubt as i" the advantage of membership was encountered. Andy Holt was the first Master, holding the office until 1875, and again in 1877. David ( '. Grant wielded the gavel the nexf year, being installed in the office of Master by C. C. Shaw. January, 1876, Martin Whit- ney was elected Master, and also in 1878. From 1879 until January, 1883, Benjamin G. Herrick was its pre- siding officer. During this bitter period Grange in- terests all over the country were in a depressed condi- tion, and Pinnacle Grange was no exception. Much credit is due Mr. Herrick for his abiding faith in the aims of the order, and his sturdy courage and faithful attendance during those five years when it seemed as if the Grange must go down. In l.ss:;, Jacob A. Woodward was chosen Master, holding the office until 1885. About this time a change was made in Grange methods. The social and educational features of the order were brought into prominence, and the business or financial part eliminated. The result was a rapid increase in membership, and new life and energy in- fused into the organization. Its meetings were held at the town hall and Armory Hall alternately during the first years of its existence, but the meel ings at the latter place were finally given up. Pinnacle Grange is well represented in the county organization of the order. Aiming to promote better methods in the management of the farm, to encourage the adorning and refining of the home, taking a warm interest in the welfare and education of the young, cultivating the social relations of a community isolated, in a measure, upon scattered farms, Pinnacle Grange is a potent factor tor good in the town of Lyndeborough. Eli C. Curtis is the present Master, being elected to the office in 1885. It is in a very flourishing condi- tion financially, and numbers among its members some 504 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NKW HAMPSHIRE. of the best-known and enterprising farmers and fanners' wives in town. There is a large element of young people connected with this srrange, and their presence and interest give abundant assurance that when the older Patrons shall have passed away, the order will still prosper in Lyndeborough. Its regular meetings are held on the Tuesday on or before the full of the moon; special meetings every two weeks. James H. Karr has been its trusted treasurer sine, its organization, and John H. Goodrich its efficient secretary since 1878. Its present membership is over one hundred, having doubled since 1883. Alfred F. Holt was born in Lyndeborough, N. H., December 16, 1838, and lived here until nine- teen years of age, working on his lather's and the neighboring farms during the busy parts of the year. He attended the district school until fifteen, and after a few terms at the academy of Mont Vernon. When about nineteen years old he commenced the study of medicine, spending the first year with Dr. W. A. Jones, the physician of the town, the next two years with Dr. Woodbury, of East Boston, attending courses of medical lectures at Harvard University in the winters of 1858 and 1859, and 1860. In the spring of I860 he attended a course of medical lectures at the University of Vermont, where he graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in June of that year. In August, I860, he commenced the practice of medicine in Cambridge, Mass. On the evening of the 16th of April, 1861, he joined a company of volunteers, and early on the morning of the 17th started for the South. This company was the first one raised in the United States for the War of the Rebellion. It was attached to the Third Reg- iment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia as Company C, and sailed for Fortress Monroe the evening of April 17, 1861. During the voyage Dr. Holt was made hospital steward of the regiment, which position he held during tin- three months of service. This regiment assisted in the destruction and burn- ing of the great navy-yard near Norfolk, Va., April 22, 1861, the second great event of the war; its service after this was at Fortress Monroe anil Hampton, Va. Returning from the three months' service in August, Dr. Holt at once sought a position in the medical corps of the army. In November lie went to Camp Chase, Lowell, where General Butler was organizing his force for service in the extreme South, and a few weeks after was made assistant surgeon of the Thirtieth Regi- ment Massachusetts Volunteers. January 2, 1862, this regiment embarked on the steamer ".Constitution," and a few days after sailed for Ship Island. During the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip this regiment was on ship- board a few miles below, and after the surrender of tin- torts it was one of the first to enter New Orleans. For the next few months Dr. Holt was in active service with his regiment, first in front of Vicksburg, Miss., digging the cut-oft', and later at Baton Rouge and ( larrollton. At the battle of Baton Rouge Dr. Holt was especi- ally mentioned in general orders for humanity and bravery in giving aid to the wounded as they fell. In December, 1802, he was promoted to surgeon of the First Texas Cavalry, a regiment made up largely of Union men that had been obliged to leave their homes on account of their Union sentiments. In December, 1863, he left the medical department, and was made the senior major of the regiment. A few months after, he was promoted lieutenant, colonel of the same regiment, which position he re- tained until his final muster-out, in October, 1865, at San Antonio, Texas, commanding his regiment almost continuously from the time he was made field officer. During this service he took part in nearly all the campaigns, battles and skirmishes that occurred in the Department of the Gulf. Returning to Cambridge early in the year 1866, he again commenced the prac- tice of medicine, and has remained in that city since. Ilf i- now a member of the Cambridge Medical Im- provement Society, the Massachusetts Medical Soci- ety, the American Medical Association and the Amer- ican Association for the. Advancement of Science. In June, 1879, Dr. Holt was appointed one of the medical examiners tor Massachusetts, and in Janu- ary, 1884, he was appointed surgeon-general of Mas- sachusetts, with rank of brigadier-general, a position he now holds. He is also the health officer of Cambridge, a posi- tion he has held for the last five years. Enoch Lynue, grandfather of Benjamin Lynde, was a merchant in London. Simon Lynde, father of Benjamin, was born at London in 1624; was appren- ticed to a merchant when a boy ; first went to Hol- land, but afterwards removed to Boston in 1650, where he was much respected as a merchant and a magis- trate for the remainder of his life. He died at Bos- ton in November, 1687. Benjamin Lynde was born in Boston September 22. 1666. He was prepared for college under the tuition ni "Mastej Cheever," a famous teacher of tlmse days, and graduated at Harvard in the class of 1686. In 1692 he went to England to complete his educa- tion as a lawyer, and became student at the Middle Temple, where he remained until he was admitted as a barrister. Receiving from the Lords of Admiralty a commission as advocate-general of the Court of Admiralty for the provinces of Massachusetts, Con- necticut and Rhode Island, he returned to Boston in 1697. He removed to Salem in 1699, where he resided the remainder of his life. About this time he married the daughter of William Brown, of Salem. 01 f the wealthiest and most influential men in the province. Brown had been a judge of the Court of Common Pleas and a member of the Council. His son LYNDEBOROUGH. .Samuel was afterwards chief justice of the same court, and William Brown, judge of the Superior Court at the time of the Revolution, was his grand- son. In 1703, Judge Lynde entered public life, and ever afterwards continued to take a leading part in public affaire. He represented the town of Salem several years in the General Court, after which he was elected to the Council, of which body he was a leading mem- ber for nearly a quarter of a century. He was ap- pointed to the bench of the Superior Court of Massa- chusetts in .luly, 1712. when Judge Sewall, who tried the witches, alluding to his appointment, remarked, " That he hoped they would hereafter have the bene- fit of Inns of Court education superadded to that of Harvard College." There had been twelve judges appointed to this court previous to Judge Lynde, not one of whom had either studied or practiced law. He was, therefore, the first lawyer elevated to the bench in Massa- chusetts, and probably in New England. In 1720, Chief Justice Sewall resigned, and Judge Lynde was appointed his successor, and filled the office until the time of his death, which occurred January 28, 1745. The Boston Evening Post, noticing his death, briefly closes the record of his life as fol- lows: "Inflexible in-ti.-.--, mi-li.itt.M ■■<] ini-iiiv, liability an-1 humanity were ever conspicuous with him. He was a sinc.it- frien.l, most :iti<<- tionate to his n-btwns ami th«.* uVlii;ht uf all wlm wvui honored with Lyndeborough : Its Past and Present— Dr. Her- rick's Poem.— In the Canada expedition of L690 were a large number of Massachusetts men. mostly from Salem, that State. To fifty-nine of these Salem men and Captain Samuel King, Massachusetts, for their services, -ranted a tract of land, which they called " Salem-Canada," the first name being in honor of the town from whence they came, the second in re- membrance of the expedition in which they joined. The grant of Salem-Canada was six miles square. Had it been kept without mutilation, it would have been one of the best townships in the county for farm- ing purposes. Its south line came as far south as the meeting-house in East Wilton, and thence west, by the needle, until it struck "province land," or, as it was afterwards called, " Peterborough Slip," southeast of the County Farm. It appears from the record- book of the Salem-Canada proprietors that, about the year 1750, Joseph Blanchard, Esq., of Salem, Mass., was appointed agent for the heirs claimants of Tufton Mason. It also appears that there was a mis- understanding between him and the Salem-Canada proprietors, which was brought to a settlement in the following manner: The Masonian claimants of No. 2, (now Wilton) were to take a strip from Salem-Canada four hundred and ninety-eight rods wide and five miles long, and the said Salem-Canada was to receive -of " province lands," on the north, equivalent to make up twenty-eight thousand acres, which was the orig- inal Salem-Canada giant. "The effect of this," writes Dr. Herrick, in L858, "was a lingering curse for Lyndeborough." It car- ried the centre almost two miles farther north than it was located, near what is now Smith Lyndeborough. It shoved the north line the same distance farther north, which brought the mountain almost in the centre and opened the way for a series of depredations (.n our territory from thai day to this." Eighteen years after the grant, Benjamin Lynde, Esq., purchased the gram and considerable of the ad- joining territory, and gave it the name Lyndeborough, which it has carried just one hundred and twenty-five years. The first settlers in what is now Lyndeborough were Cram, Putnam and Chamberlain, descendants ofw horn now reside in town. But the first settler in Salem- ( lanada I now Wilton) was John Badger. He pitched his camp in the spring of 1738, and died the next winter. His nearest neighbors were those by the name of Cram. It was to them that the wife of Badger took her lonelj way, in the night-time, on snow-shoes, the distance of over two miles, with no guide but marked trees, to get help to bury her hus- band, leaving her little children in bed with the in- junction that they must keep quiet while she was gone, so as not to wake their father. The fact that he was dead she wisely kept from them. ( >ne hundred and twenty-one years ago, on the 23d of April, the town was incorporated. The town is di- vided by mountain and hills from east to west, and has no large streams; the soil is deep and strong, the pas- turage excellent and the farms well adapted to fruit. It is sixty miles from Boston, on the line of the Boston, Lowell and Greenfield Railroad, being first greeted by the regular locomotive's shriek on the morning of January 1, 1874. The advent of the locomotive was heralded by the ringing of bells and cheers of the citizens. Previous to the railroad the south village was connected with Wilton by a daily stage line. A small Baptist society was organized about 1829; meetings had previously been held in a school-house. The first clergyman of this society was Rev. Joseph Elliott. Seven members constituted the first organi- zation. Deacon David Putnam, Moses Pearsons and Benjamin Holt were the first male members; they were strictly devoted to their cause and creed. Fol- lowing them were Micah Hartshorn, Thomas Kidder, Joseph Chamberlain, Elijah Upton, Albert Hardy. 1 >eacon John Hartshorn and others, all of whom ha: e passed away. The present church building was soon erected and partially finished. Services were held for years with no pews; but, by the energy of the church, from time to time pews were put in. Public donations provided the organ, cupola, etc. By private contribu- tions Luther Cram provided lumber for the belfry, J. H. Tarbell & Son the church-bell ; the latter par- ties also put up the horse-sheds near the church, do- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. nating them to the public. The elegant vane was given by E. B. Badger, who is a friend of every g 1 For only a short period was there but one regular store in south village at one time, though a tew minor ar- ticles are now kept tin' sale at the post-office. The store has been kept by several parties. The lust pro- prietors were Holt & Hard) ; second, Hardy & Stephen- son; third. Cram A Daniels; fourth, Burns Wallace; tilth. Peter Smith; sixth, G. P. Fletcher; seventh, J. H. Tarbell; eighth, William W. Young; ninth, J. H. Tarbell & Son; tenth. C. F. Tarbell, the present proprietor. The first store was moved from across the street to the place where the store of C. F. Tarbell now stands; it was then oc- cupied by Holt & Hardy, who built the present stun-. To make room for it, the original store buildings were moved across the street to where the church now stands; il was subsequently moved near the four cor- ners; it was afterward moved on to the Forest load and is now occupied by W. X. Cheever, the blacksmith, who has been knight of the anvil in South Lyndebor- ough for seventeen years. He remembers when he had seventy-five yoke of oxen to shoe, but i'vw oxen are now owned in town. Among the important industries of South Lynde- borough is the glass-works, which employs forty-five men. All kinds of bottles, from the common ounee bottle to the carboy containing fourteen gallons, are made here. The silex from which the glass is made is taken from a ledge about a half-mile distant. The wares manufactured here are sent all over New England and the Canadas. North Lyndeborough is a small village connected by stage with Milford. It has a post-office. John H. Goodrich, the postmaster, was born in Lyndeborough .March 28, 1835; always a farmer, was appointed post- master when the office was established. May 17, 1857, twenty-one years ago, probably the oldest postmaster in office about here. Has been selectman, collector of taxes in town, also is secretary of the Grange, of the Town Insurance Company, of the Town Library, school district and Republican Club. His father was grandson of the Re\ Sew all ( ioodrich, one of the firs; ministers of the town. The first clergyman of the place was Rev. John Rand (Congregational i, who was >cttled in 1757 and was dismissed in 1763. In 1768, Rev. Sewall Good- rich was settled; be died in 1809. After Rev.Sewall Goodrich, Rev. Nathaniel Merrill officiated until 1835; then Bey. Jacob White; then Rev. William Richardson, one year; then Rev. Ivory Kimball, a k'\\ years; then Rev. Erastus B. Claggett, twenty-four years; then Revs. Smith, Jones and Har- low, for a year or so each. Rev. W. L. Clark ac- cepted an engagement, and moved to the Centre, but died, about one week after taking up his residence there, of pneumonia. There is a post-office at the Centre, kept by 1'. .1. Boutwell. There are two libraries in town, — the Franklin, having five hundred volumes, and the South Lyndeborough, containing about four hundred volumes. At present Lyndeborough has no physician, though the memory of Dr. Israel Herrick is still cherished. He was born in Wilton July 9, 1794; was fitted for college in Tamworth, V II., but never entered; studied medicine with Dr. John Wallace, in -Milford, and Dr. Asa Crosby, in Gilmanton, and graduated at Dart- mouth Medical College December, 1820. Commenced the practice of medicine in Lyndeborough February 11, 1821, and remained there until March 20, 1828, when he moved to Milford and practiced there almost two years. From thence he went to Mason village (now Greenville) and stayed two years. From Mason village In 1 went to I leering, and practiced there until the fall of 1834, when he returned to Lyndeborough and practiced until he died, February IS, 1866. Dur- ing the last twenty years of his life he was a faithful adherent to the homoeopathic law of cure. He was a conscientious and successful physician, and an upright anil honorable man. He always did what he thought was right, regardless of what others might say. The physician now having the leading practice in this place is a native of the town. He is a skill ttil physi- cian and is deservedly popular. We refer to Dr. W. A. Jones, who was born in Lyndeborough January 19, 1829. He received an academic education in Fran- cestown; studied medicine with Dr. Israel Herrick ; attended two full courses of medical lectures at the Cleveland Homoeopathic College, from which he re- ceived his diploma in February. 1854. He commenced the practice of medicine in Wilton, May 4. 1854; stayed there three years, then he removed to Lyndeborough, where he remained until 1871. He then returned to Wilton. Si RAPS LB0UT LYNDEBOROUGH, I!Y Hit. HERRICK, is 185S •' I Mil- tow n IS ;i regular . res, out-like swell, Made up uf moinit;iui, unit lull, ami il.ll, With here and there a small level spot, suth. n nl to build a Ming, l.iiml.lt- cot. A barn an.l a shed, with a yard f..r the kine, A p l.ii the hens, ami a pen for the swine. i- stonj . and haul, ami rough, Thetilling of which I- r . .. I -■ - r . . . - an.l [..iiji, Discounting to man. and t.. rsI In- food If only the proper lals.r is lua, I,-. With plow ami barrow, shove] ami spade, Crowl.ar, Lu-h-li ,■!.. .. \ a a ! i . . Laid on smart by a freeman's blow. Our ancient domain was ample and bold, Such as Yeomen dolighl t. . j.ni. tin-.- ami hold, And build upa home for themselves and tin- brood Very soon to come forth, for thi Thirty-six s.|uare miles, with a southern decline, Well timbered ami watered. Ultli prospect sublime, Was tin- price paid King, with his bold soldier clan, To hunt and sh low u his red fellow-man, Ami Frenchmen to hoot ; 'twas a Sov'rcign say. And flunkeys, as now, were .piite sure to obey. But this goodly -inn! u.i, - i I., lie luarr'd P.\ g...!]y neighbors; and hackled and scarred, That they might enlarge tleil o-ality dominions, And gratify will, a- well as ..pinions. LYNDEBOROUGH. First, Wilton i .1 two-mil -i" e To make up a town, so snug and so nice, "Willi Mansonian lands, whii b tbey had on band, And then take a notable public stand. Next Temple presented a Bl l-yi request, And after - ontentton, 'twas thought to be best To lei them take on" a three-cornered bite, And keep it, rather than quarrel and fight. NYvt i.iv.niirhi n-.piested a rather lai-e strip, To make up a h>\\ u with their barren old slip, And rather than see them look meagre ami sullen, \,,\ g, i theii subsisted •■ from sorrel and mullein, We granted their prayer, a- is plain to be seen. \uu I. I them have lands that looked health\ ami -i.-n. To make her phylacteries come snug to a tit, Ami ;_:iv.- her proportion, as plump ami as fair \- the maiden 3 whose name they bo i heerfully bear. \\ ln.'li -poke iath-1 ptain it vva> trouble,] with fear, Had oonfereni e m< el ings ■■ ere anxious in i I, And put up a prayer, pel ailveiitui r tu liml Ef General Court, then Hunkerdom's god, Would just condeaceud to put forth a nod Of grai loiu consent , j ■ rouls ! not to know That favours like this would readily flow From Buch a high source ; pshaM ! it never said nay To the meanest short prayer, w ben the Dei il's to pay Th'-ii . ill- w <■[■>' Ml an-weid . they -..( vmir . Mm, -■ plat-, Where Hunkers ;iiv hr.'.l as iialnr.il as i:it- ; And yet they may tin.l, in time- of helearter, i ; i ..-.-. iii.\ only caught a Tai tai , Thus we have been pinched and hackled all raw, With this slight digression, w< 11 pickup our traps. And hasten along with th. rest oi out s raps Greatly deficient for driving of wills, And then you maj hear the clatter of saws l iilliu- up 1 u ml mi, y.M, tiii_.i- .hi 1 paws; Yet, not a spoonful oi meal's to be had, Though bens, dui ka and turkeys, yi a women, run d And cackle, I -■ old, quack, gohble ind quail For grain can t be ground, the stream Chun bes We v.- tu,., an. I preacher- the same. Where -iniuT ami -aint, the hliml, halt ami lam.-. May go and get ■_ I to theii souls, if they will, to ivoid the eternal down hill : Wh.-ir ..Id ■ Ni. key l'..-n, that lam .us .,1-1 up, Stands ready h> Live them a > ia- k with his whip. !><» tor ! l 1 lurk ' now I'm !■■ Were there none, few would die, except of old age. No Lawyer :: save one e er yet had the pride To think lie safely our yomen - ouW ride ; 1 The late General 111 i. with hi- wMbkiiowu shu-wiUm-.-, ^,-t up a petition, put it through th. I.e-i-datni e, ami pro' aired tie- -rant. -S."i.u.-' hand u;i- originally a large -rant of laml, fruin which i I'. ■ ■ 't,,i, w.-re made tip. It is said that air -tii, pr.-pri. ■(,.!- ..! S< ..-i.-ti.-.' Land tlmi .■ >\ : i - . . t , . ■ by the name of Peering, and that lu' had a I ■ -:mi t it'ut , hiiL'l it or hy tin- name of Frances; and in , ompliment to hei the two towns were named, h is not known to the writei that this i rcumstance was ever on record. It was related to him many years ago by the late Russell Tuhbs, Esq., of Peering. 3 Ah. oit f.rry-h\e vars a-.. K-ij. K y opened :i n < »tri. ■-■ in this place ; had no business and went to niakin„ ■! that; for m th-- granaries .if man\ of our careful fariuei- .\ , , .. rind Sets of measures made hy this wise lawyer. 33 Should learn tos Haifa century gone by, or nearly that space, California fever broke out in this place ; Py -mie - antiip.-Iield. the fa. t had hern told. That Scattaquog's* bowels were filled with gold. So at it they went, to digging and Mowing, T.i , .nun- and wheeling, shov'lil.g and hoeing. From Winter to Spring, through Summer and Fall, \nd .ill that they go1 was just nothing at all. So many who now are ravin- for riches, i rom Mexican hills, w ill return poor as witi ties \ lid wish they had staid on their own native soil, I o gather their gold by Blow, patient toil. The i-r.i man free .-lire ran-.M our hills To -h >o1 down th. deer, oi fish in our rills; I,n tie dreaming that In- and his Moral must give place, With hie land and his hut, to a white, selfish race, And turn their sad fai e to the West for to roam, Ni <■ to return to their sweet, native home. Near i Mir sp.-v k ..fa pond was his .summer retreat, Where he feasted on fish, it the chase gave no meat, And gathered the ^rape, the wild p.-ar and cherry, That he with his friends mi^ht he joyful and merry, 'Twas here, too, he Bickened and died, And here he was buried, ■'■ . lose down hy the side Of this little pond, and the tall, waving trees San -j hi- le.piieni, niov'd hyllm soft Western breeze. Fain here would out n hei wing, Nor 'tempt furthermore to Mutter oi sing,— fea, rain would avoid the sad task to fulfil, Bui oh ' the vile Berpent, the " worm ol the still." That reptile's heen ln-re. with his poisonous breath, Beguiling its vi< tun- to premature death , Gentlj and softly the heart he coils round, "Till all the affections forever are hound. * The name of tin- eastern spur of our mountain. A I ■ ■ mencement of the present century a company was orgs town, through faith in th< i ■ for silver. Much time and i i «'■!'■ ..■-, pend. i i ;i i avation, though now partly filled up is plain t be i a .' In the fall of 1S48, as workmen v. i ■ mound at the west end of ■■ Badger '" V ■■■ ■ •■ cm were dis- niteir.-d. nthers may yet re-t there. The hrsi settler- ol this town found around this pond many domestic and oilier implements ,.t Indian construction. I : hat they e\er made this region a ■ inting-ground HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Fail- fond 1 ■ been pained, To see their loved offtpriug so foolishl} chained ; e wept foi a Brothel Who fain would avoid, whan, alas ! 'twas too late. The place where Iliis lepllle was kept !u decoy The dooni'd htm- li urine. In. nor and |..y, ALas:..h, alas! in . t. -ugue ran e'er tell The sorrows that How from this offspring of hell ; If once lie succ 1 hi wounding the brain, The dooni'd one will .seek him again and again ; Will sacrifice freely companions of youth, Probity, honor, religion and truth. Father and Mother, health, children and wife, Sister ami brother. Via, e'en his own life. Ala>: he will peril Ins own i recious soul If he but for once can .piatl I'r..m the l...wl The poisonous liquid so Bure for to kill, That comes from that reptile, the "worm ol lie still." Our muse is a blunder in a;, careless .Id jade,— The fact is, she never yet half learn'd the trade. W lilt dumb! have i ..in., til -I is left until HOW ; W -■ i ,.■ I,. .hi 1. 1. iii a w , .ii I oa.w I up il • We have lots ..! Hem le I c.— sa.Ine young and Borne old, Some handsome, somi h ely, somi rnodesl - me hold, They all are ad. .puna; the modern plan, When illes-'ii, t.. lesemlile a 1.1. .ad, open fan. Or rather a tut 1, with atelier. . ns ciep At the nose, an.l .. ~- 1 1 1 i in, : in say they do let, But till- : i a grot, Jfol want t.. '-"i married ! I'd just as soon think A miser would Ilee from the rattle of chiuk ; Or our little pond, with all its live stock, Should start up the m lain, t<> take a sle.rt walk. Live single 1 when Wi. hovers, Hacheiors alel llealis Stand ready and tix'.l in lien I.. -I -mai.ia 1. ,! h. .,, To give ill. in a i all, and make .plite a sl..p. Yea, e'en I, lot h up. and the .jUestion I Not wain They just kind i.' sa> SO, tlnai object tn gain, And then. ..li. ' Ov . m I , . ■ v In \ 'I , n i h , hp., And make ye stiind round 111..- a l.a-ket ..I , Inje That J' Was liev.-i lesign'.l, in N. L |u|. - And so they an willing I.. e .in in and go Through Time's little joiimev ot sorrow an.l woe ; With him they ha\.- pi.unis'd to love from the heart, Till death the fond union asunder shall pari. Then ho ! ye single ..1.1 scissors, d But lift up your beads, y.-ui redemption is nigh ; Another good half you can get without fail, And then cut like something, -so hi re ends our Tale." John Badger, the subject of this notice, was born in England, ami with two of his brothers, Joseph ami Eliphalet, came to America nut far from the year 1728-29. His father was wealthy, and a year or two before ho came to this country he was sen! to Scotland to collect demands there due. It was here that he be- came aquainted with Mary McFarland, whom he eventually married. When he related to his fatherthis circumstance of his attachment, lie forbid his son to form any such alliance, on account of a strong preju- dice which then prevailed between the English ami Scotch. To put his son outside of such an in- fluence, he sent him with his brothers, as abovc- \meriea. They first located themselves for a time at Nottingham. 1 This wise plan of the father, ' The p Us. ui Irniu vale in tle.se fad.- weie derived used the name Not- tingham, with. ait designating whether it was the town in Rockingham however, was soon frustrated. There was an under- standing between him and his Scotch Mary, ami -he soon followed him to this country and landed at a settlement near the Kennebeck River. He soon net her there, and it is the belief ot' a granddaughter of his, now living in Lyndeborough, that they were there married. In the course of a year they came back to Nottingham, where they remained a number of years. From here they migrated to that part of Salem-Canada township which afterwards became Wilton. He located his cabin about one hundred rods ea-i ..I' that ancient duelling, the first framed house erected in Wilton, which was occupied for three generations by the name of John Dale, ami is now owned by S. 11. Dunbar, Esq. The swell of land on which he settled has ever since borne the name of "Badger Hill." He moved into his cabin in April, 1739, and died in February, 174n, of consumption. Though the plowshare has passed over the spot where his cabin stood, there are many now living that can point it out. His family was composed of his wife and four chil- dren. The names of his children were, David, Robert, Mary and Betsey, who was the youngest, and died young, in consequence of injuries received by tie burning of a house in Nottingham. The mother and children, after the death of the fuber, moved back to Nottingham, where the cliil- dien were put under the guardianship of a Judge Batten, or Patten. David and Robert both settled in Lyndeborough, a little north of the pond which now bears, the name of " Badger Pond." Mary married David Cram, whose father was one of the Hist settlers of Lyndeborough. and where liadger's wife went to get help to bury her husband Those three lived to a great age, and reared large families, the descendants of whom, of the fourth, fifth and sixth generations from John Badger, are widely scattered over New England and many of the Western States. The following anecdote is related of Mary Badger: She came from Nottingham to Lyndeborough when eighteen or nineteen years of age, with her brother David, to make him a visit. When passing the set- tlement of Mr. Cram she got a sight of David, a young man of some twenty years of age. As they passed along she said to her brother, "I mean to set my cap for that fellow." He told her she better not, for he was a " lazy dog." She disregarded his admonitions, and they were eventually married. It, however, has been surmised by some that there was a smattering of truth in Da- vid's advice, from the fact that something strongly resembling his suggestion has occasionally manifested itself even down to the fifth generation. Joseph Badger, brother of John, eventually settled in Meredith, or Gilmanton, and ex-Governor Badger County or what stances, that it wa Hudson, It is a belief, from other LYNDEBOROUGH. 509 was one of hi- descendants. Eliphalet, the other brother, settled in thesouthpart of Massachusetts or Connecticut. The wife of John Badger was a true woman. She followed him three thousand miles across the ocean to a foreign laud to become his, and share with him the joys and sorrows of life. She went with him far away into the howling wilderness, where, as a faithful wife and mother, she watched over him ami his through a long sickness to his death. AM this, with the trying scenes through which she passed in procuring help to lay him in the grave, was too much tor her constitution. Her nervous system was crushed down, reason tottered on its throne, ahe soon became insane, and in a lew years terminated her existence by suicide. Thus the writer has attempted to gather up a few fragment.- of history connected with "the first settler " of his native town, from a source which will soon be removed from the earth, viz., Sarah Badger, a grand- daughter of the said John Badger, and who now re- sides on the same spot where David, the son of said John, lived and died. He believes the substance of it truthful and correct. It has been a matter of surprise to him that Bad- ger was not recognized as " the first settler " in the published doings of the centennial of Wilton. His death, with the circumstances connected, was alluded to, and that was all. In a note in that pamphlet John Dale is named as the first settler, which cannot be correct, which we will undertake to show. From the record-hook of the Salem-Canada proprietors it appears that the first drawing of rights in said town- ship took place February 3,1736, and that Daniel Epps, Jr., of Salem, drew rights Nos. 10, 22, 51 and 53, and it also appears from said records that Epps sold John Badger right No. 10, which was the terri- tory on which he settled and died. It also appears, from a controversy that took place after the sons of came of age, that Dale occupied this territory after their father's death; and it was adjusted between them and Dale by said proprietors giving them lot No. 117 "in lieu of the whole right No. 10, which their father had of Epps." Again, there is no evidence, either from record or tradition, that the first John Dale ever located on the territory of Wilton a1 anj other place except where that ancient building already referred to now stands. If Dale had 1 n located then- at the death of Badger, that wife would not have gone three miles north to the " nearest neigh- bor's" for help, when she could have obtained it by going one hundred rods west. In this matter there was probably an unintentional neglect, or at least an oversight, as the chairman of the committee had in his possession the substance of the fragments above noticed, and from the same source. He also had in his possession for many months the record-book of the proprietors of Salem- Canada. The centennial celebration of Wilton was go1 up in good and splendid style in all its parts, and its ex- ercises were performed by the first of abilities, and gave general satisfaction. It reminded the writer, however, of a cin that once occurred in the court-house in Amherst, at the time that Richardson was chief justice. A boy was put on trial for his life. His connections being I r, the court appointed one of the most able advo- cates oi the Hillsborough bar to make the closing pica lor the defense. At the closing up id' the term an older was drawn on the treasurer for the lee al- lowed by the court for the defense, which had been very able and successful. The advocate rather de- murred at the smallness of the fee. Judge Richard- son, in his good-natured, otl'-hand manner, answered, "Well, Mr. A , perhaps the fee is comparatively small; but I think you ought to be satisfied, for you ably obtained the cause, and, what was still more, you embraced the opportunity of showing off the glory of your own sectarian belief." William T. Boutwell, son of Nehemiah and Elizabeth Jones Boutwell, was the fourth of eleven children, born February 4, L803 ; fitted for i Exeter Academy; graduated at Dartmouth, 1828; at Andover Theological Seminary, 1831 ; ordained at Wobiirn, Mass., June, 1831, as missionary of the Board of Commissioners for Foreign .Missions to the Chippewa Indians of the Northwest. He left Boston • li L2, 1831, for Mackinaw, Mich., where he arrived after a journey of five weeks, where he remained during the winter of 1831-32, teaching Indians and half-breed children, and acquiring the language preparatory to future labors in his chosen field. In 1832 he accompanied Hon. Henry R. Schoolcraft, Indian agent, on an expedition to visit all the bands of Indians on the borders of the British possessions. During this journey he visited and ascertained the highest sources of the Mississippi River, which was named Itasca Lake. In his letter referring to this expedition, he says: " Scores of visitors, since 1832, have found a higher source in the marshes west and south which feed the lake, and scores more will find a higher source, till the last man finds a pool in the marshes large enough for him to bathe in." Beyond all doubt, Itasca is the true source of the Father of Waters. Returning from the expedition, he spent the winter at La Pointe, on Lake Superior, having charge of the Indian school. In the fall of 1833 he returned to Leach Lake and spent the winter in the families of the fur-traders, for the purpose of ascer- taining what encouragement there was for extending the work by opening another station. He found the chiefs kindly disposed and gave their consent to open a school. September 11, 1834, he married Hester Crooks and returned to Leach Lake, opened a school and began house-keeping in a bark lodge while he built a log house. Alter sixteen years of hard labor there and at 510 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Pakagama, he was obliged to abandon his work in consequence of the liquor traffic. In 1837 the treaty a1 Fori Snelling opened the pint- region to the white man. He came md brought with him his whiskey, which hegave to the Indian, although strictly forbid- den by law. •'What will not the white men do for money?" Mr. Boutwell writes. "The traffic increased from year to year, and all five of of our stations closed their work." Its influence will bo seen in the following incident : Curiosity often brough men to the mission to attend the Indian service on the Sabbath. He often preached, by request, at their camps on Sabbath evenings. One Saturday afteru 1 he left home to spend the Sabbath at three camps on the Upper Snake River. At dusk he arrived at the hist camp, where he spent the night, and during the evening the trader was in the camp, whom he invited to come in at ten a.m. the next day. He said he would be glad to ; but if the Indians should return from their hunt, he could not leave his store. The next day he held his service, but his friend, the trader, was not present, lie passed on to the next camp, and still on to the next. In the night he was called in great haste to come at once, for the trader had been shot by a drunken Indian. Before he arrived the man had died. On reaching the scene of distress and confusion he found forty men armed with weapons to kill every Indian they met; but the Indians had tied. Alter the excitement was over I was requested to take the body to the station for burial, with four men to dig a grave and make a coffin. The rest would come the next day in a body. After the body was deposited on my team, the store was cleared of furs andg Is and two barrels of whiskey were burned up. The next day forty men came to the mission, twelve miles, to bury their dead. After the funeral all signed a resolve that they would visit every In- dian trader, demand and destroy his whiskey, which was carried out the nexl day; and they ceased not un- til they had accomplished their work. But the trade revived the next year, and it was found useless to spend time and strength with a people given to drunkenness, and the mission stations were all aban- doned. In 1S47 he removed to Stillwater, then a vil- lage of two hundred souls; began preaching in a dining-room of a boarding-house; from this place to an upper room in a small building, still standing and occupied as a meat-market. After a time a small church was erected. His time, for years, was divided between Stillwater, Marien Mills, Taylor's Falls, Cottage Grove and Point Douglas, establishing church.- ami Sabbath-schools. In a review of his life and labors. Mr. Boutwell savs, — i. h they ot gives i ■ ' "- .»■■ •' i ■:■■ away; v..ii will n„i live ...it half >■"" "■'• " • , "" v " todeath.oi tin Indians will ticalpyou.' Fitly years ago all that > dw.-i.-i Michigan to thi Pacini .-..., -i was terra ■ ■ . pied by wild animals and wild mi a, oil 1 Indiam .n war to oxter ate eai I, other. There were no traces ,.| . ivih/.it Tl ly available railroad I'm- mo to get hero was Irom Boston to Providence To-day it spans the continent ; to-day I can n 'i. i" •< pali .11 hundredsol mil ver ...man where I once drove a dog-team oo snow-shoes To-day the gove in has located eserva- tionsthe drunken Indians we were compelled to leave, provided them with machines, farms, schools, teat hers, teams, 4c. Expelling whiskey, tl.. -\ i. ii-.. wheat instead of liuiitiiigniuskriits. The missionary »n, tile e that let tin- first dawn of light into Western darkness " "It \va* thus the li-lit mei.-a-.-.l l.\ ,,ur . oinmiiliicatiun with the Eastern world ; i limate, soil, resources of thecountrj been known. The lumbermen came ; the fanner, followed. The man that opened the first lam, in Minnesota, forty .-., ■ ago, if iliv, to-day I iftj .- in igo the missionary would freeze to death or die by the scatping-knife of the In- dian—so thought Ins friends. "Com] what then was with what now is,— then a wilderness with les- wlient-helds. -e| I-. , Inn I,.-. a-\ linn- for lli-alie, deaf, diiinl. and blind,a college in its teens. .. nniversity open to both sexes for equal h ; ' "'" " handol God in sending the first man to light tin- torch that has illuminated the land? sure their labor will be in vain, thought the world ; not BO, thought Oo.l. It is God that duetli won- ders, and we stand silent and adore. " Nearly all my old co-laborers sleep with the Father. My eyes have for Thy call that I may praise Thee Mr. Boutwell was the first man, a native, that secure. 1 a college education, and his great desire to do his whole duty to his fellow men, to his God, appears to be the great aim of his life. The writer has visited him in his Western home; he is one of the most honored and respected of Minnesota's first settlers. " r "'" -"l"'-' 1 ' "1 tl Id meeting-] , with it- high pulpit, its deacon-seats, Its sounding-board buns by an iron rod its -lip- for the I r.Hssquan pews, its seats hung on hinges, which were turned back during prayer, its capacious galleries s ted by huge pillars. In that house was I baptized and publicly consei rated to God. There I vied with other boys in making a loud . latter in throwing down my hinge seat at ""' ClOS ' i. layer. And there t suffered with cold feet on winter Sab- baths before tin- introduction ..i Btoves. Freezing did not prove a means "' grace t-. me. In that house I preached my first sermon in Lynde- borough. As inconvenient as that place of worship was, in it the gospel was effectually proclaimed by the godly Merrill ; and there our fathers, d-.ul.tl.-s-. i.-ii lere.l n.-eeptaMe worship. I well remember the excite- ment produced in that old house,,,, the fast day in April. 1827, a few days before I left my home with Palmer and Woodward for East Teu- 1 ""■ Instead ol a sen i, Mi Merrill read tl lebrated lecture bj Kittredge, oi Lyme, on temper which contained the statement ". ;l1 gallonol ni -- I as a bevel - h town of Lyme was just 1 ""i quarts I.--- inn- h The _ I "1 I men of the church, including my ho -i-.I father, went oul of i li.it house vexed, if not mad. Vly father said 'Why did Alt . Merrill rend that foolish lecture . we cannot gel our hay without ruin. It will rot in the field.' "When I returned, in 1837, I found all those g I mi n pledged to total abstinence. They ackm wledged thai haying and all other farm woil; could l.e Letter done without rum than will, n " w h,-n a si,,,, ii boy, I n-'-i to walk t-. church in company with -ilia an, I women, whom I have often seen step into tin- bushes in the Bii hard- son pasture, and exchange their thick shoes and soiled stockings for 'I,. -I, mor and •"Ih, -,,|,l meeting-house was furnished with horse-blocks tor the ac- commodation of women and infirm men, from which to mount their holses. Hiding ,,i, I,,,,-, -!,.„ k wa. II lily mod" .1 "in. cure to - Imr, h in si, none. When I was a hoy I hay,- lieipiently seen a man in the By l: . F. Chirk- ■&+. f^fa^st LYNDEBOROUGH. 5] 1 saddle, a woman 1 ■• 1 1 1 1 1 I on th. -am. h..i-.-, and a child in the la]. ..1' each. I distinctly rcinenil.cr the first une-horse »:.»ni in Lyndeborough. It was wholly dcstit t springs : \.-t it w a- called « Ifankee pleasure- wagon. It was the property of Israel II. (i lnd-e, r,-.| utei my return f i . .mi the West I pi -a. he. I iii I.\iel.l~.i.ii-li, I i. ue .-t..»ii and Mont Ver- non. Since that time great changes have taken place. 1 know, while I was acting-pastor in Lyndeborough, I prea. lied to a large i lassoi aged persons, all of whom have gone on the returnlese way, i panied by many of my own age mel younger, all >f the .lemon- ami many which I "I will here put my testimony on roe. .1.1 that tie- povn ua- then temperate ami r.il. as a whole. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOE The name of Tarbell is not frequent in this country. It does not appear in the long list of those who took the freeman's oath before 1669, nor is the name men- tioned in the early Genealogical Register, only that of Thomas, Sr., and Thomas. Jr. It is from these that all of the name in Massachusetts and New Hamp- shire are descended. Captain Thomas Tarbell was one of the original proprietors of "No. 1" (Mason), and named as such in the giant of the Masonian pro- prietors. He was one of the first settlers, was clerk of the proprietary, first chosen in 1762, and continued in office until the last meeting of that body, in 177:;. ami was. one of the most active and leading men in all affairs of the township prior to incorporation. Six of his sons settled on farms near him. He was a native of Groton, Mass. Thomas Tarbell, his ancestor, was one of the original proprietors ol Groton in 1661. His name also appears as town clerk of i rroton. In the list are the names of Thomas Tar- bell, Sr., and Thomas Tarbell, Jr.; one instance rel- ative to the family, of alarm, attack and suffering from a savage foe, was the capture of two lads (John and Zachariah), brothers and sons of Thomas Tarbell, by the Indians. They were carried to Camilla about the year 1705, the younger from four to six years of age, so young that he lost his native language en- tirely. Some years after, they both came to Groton ; but having 1 n accustomed to savage life, no per- suasion prevailed on them to remain with their friends and relatives; their descendants are among the In- dians. Truly, those were days that tried men's, souls, and could not have been endured had it not been for their untiring fortitude and persevei well as muscular powers. One instance, as related, was that of John Tarbell, noted for his great strength, equal to that of three ordinary men of thi.r day. He expired suddenly at the door of the old meeting-house in Mason, Sunday, August 20, 1 7117. We are not gratified to relate that among them was one Judas, — that of Captain Samuel Tarbell, whose property was confiscated for Toryism ; he i Groton, his native place, lived and died in poverty and wretchedness. Thomas Tarbell. thirdson of Captain Thomas Tar- bell, Jr., was born October 8, 1751; in his youth he received but limited education, remaining at home rendering good service in clearing up and cul- tivating the lands for the sustenance of the family. July 8, 1778, he married Sarah Barrett, retaining a resi- dence on the homestead of his father, which has been occupied by family descendants to the fifth genera- tion, but has now passed iuto outside hands, with but little improvements from originality, almost forsaken and nncared for. On apart of the premises is lo- cated the Iturying-ground donated to the town in 1797, where rests the dust of our sires, their descend- ants and many neighboring citizens. The children of Thomas Tarbell and Sarah Barrett w.re Sally, born November 6, 1778; Esther, born August 11, 1780; Thomas, bom August 17, 1782, died January 17, 1785; Reuben, born duly 19, 1784; Lemuel, born February II, 1786; Thomas, born Octo- ber 19, 1788; Eunice, born April 24. 17M1 : Joel, born July 9, 1793; Lydia, born March 21, 1797. Joel Tarbell, the younger son, married Betsej Shat- tuek, daughter of Jonathan Shattuck, a worthy citizen of Pepperell, Mass. ; continued a residence in Mason, in the occupation of boot and shoemaker of the old styleof hand- work; noted as master-workman in sewed boot making, in which occupation he continued in support of his family, being in limited circumstances. Their children surviving were Joel I larr isotl, born tit Mason February 6, 1816; Mary Elizabeth, born February 2, 1820; William, born July 4, 1824. Joel II. remained tit home until about twelve year- of age. attending the shorl terms of district school. At this ag. he went to reside with I>r. Amos Parker, of Bol- ton, .Mass., having care of the stable and performing such part as callable in the drug-store ami post-office; while here he received five weeks of schooling at a pri- vate Quaker school, kept by Elder Frye, in Berlin, Mass., walking to and from school morning and eve- ning, this being the onh educati ver received ex- cept from the common district school, [t was while residing here that his mother died, October 29, 1829, leaving him without a parental home. Returning to New Hampshire at the age of fourteen years, he went to labor on a farm for Ebene/.er Stiles, in Temple, at- tending short terms of winter district school. In this family he received good precepts and formed habits for life. He remained in this family until about twenty years of age, one year alter the death of Mr. Stiles, after which he labored in Pepperell, Mass., one season and in Lyndeborough until marriage. In 1831 his father, Joel Tail. ell, married Mary Mansfield, of Temple, for a second wife; their chil- dren surviving were. Charles, Solon, Hiram, Alon/.o and Joseph, till residing with families in this county. Joel Tarbell died at Lyndeborough, September 18, 1851; Mary M., his wife, died I ember 6, 1873. January 15,1839, Joel II. married Esther Putnam, daughter of Ephraim Putnam, a highly respected ciii/.i it, resident on the homestead of his father, in 512 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Lyndeborough, (descendants from ancestors in Dan- gers, Mass. i. At marriage Mr. Tarbell located in Lyndeborough (Putnam Corner), so styled, now Smith Lyndeborough, assuming the business of a country hotel with farm connected. Shortly after marriage he was appointed postmaster, which trust he held for twenty years. At the time of his location here there were but few settlements in the immediate vicinity, and those of not modern style. With his business grew a strong desire to make home and surroundings pleasant and build up the place, and he has lived to witness the contrast from what was styled "Slab City " to that of a respectable little village and com- munity, greatly through his instrumentality. In this enterprise he took no active part financially, previous to the organization of the glass company in 1866, the history of which is too well-known for comment. After about fifteen years in hotel business, when railroads became more desirable than high- ways for public conveyance, he changed his business to that of a general variety retail store, which, by him- self and in connection with his son, has been retained for over thirty years, the son now conducting the same as principal. In his business he formed a de- termination to deal honorably, pay all bills promptly and cultivate a kind and generous disposition, which has bei d carried out to a permanent success in bis social aud business life. His children were San- ford P., born July 5, 1839, deceased; Charles F.. born November 19,1843; Sarah Adaline, born Feb- ruary 24, 1850, deceased. She married Byron Staq ; died leaving one daug hter. As to his religious views, they wire more those of conscience than of creed, though he rendered continual aid in support of the gospel at the chapel established in the place a short time prev- ious to his settlement, contributing with his son in the remodeling of the house to a more modern struc- ture, and placing in the tower a church-bell, fur- nished gratuitously to the citizens. In politics firmly Democratic, although decidedly favorable to union ia offices of town trust. Held the office of selectman several years, and town clerk seven years in succes- sion, from 1850 to 1857, and for many years was a jus- tice of the peace. Highly respected by the citizen-, he ne\ i I connected himself with any secret organization. In the Rebellion he was in command of a military company of State volunteers, known as tin' Lafayette Artillery. Their services were offered and accepted, and they were mustered into United States service for ninety days, and stationed at Fort Constitution. Ports- mouth, X. H. His subalterns were Lieutenants Eli C. Curtis and Charles H. Holt, both of Lyndeborough. After fourteen years in command he resigned; his resignation was accepted with high commendations to himself and command by the Governor. The following was taken from a historical sketch of Fort Constitution and Walback Tower, Portsmouth Harbor, hv a student of Dartmouth College: i tin- UhI day of August, 1SI.4, tlir Lafayette i.uards, under com- mand of Capt. .loci it. Tarbell, arrived at this fort, to which they were ordered by the Governor. This company was coinjHjsed of a tin.- class, of men, ami the citizens of New Castle respected them much. 1V1 ng- . : under the guidance of a celebrated Carl krclis. Their strains of music imparted much anima- tion tu the island, and tin- monotony of L.irrison life was greatly less- i h .on.o i t ilicn presence. They returned home a few wo.l,. before the expiration of their term of service, to Lyndeborough. Capt. Tarbell was an amiable man ot ronw t habits, aid .o,. :. \ is command." JOTHAM HILDRETH. Jotham Hildreth was born June 25, 1807,in Lynde- borough, X. II. He is the sou of Jotham anil Abigail (Sargent) Hildreth. Jotham Hildreth. Sr., was a na- tive of Amherst. N. II., where he resided till his majority, when, with his entire worldly possessions tied up in a bundle and thrown across his shoulders, he started out to seek his fortune in the world. He came to Lyndeborough, where he found employment making shoes, and meeting with a measure of success in this business, he made it his chief vocation through life. In addition to shoemaking, however, he soon possessed himself of a small farm, to which original tract he added by purchase at different times up to the time of his death. His life was one of constant labor and frugality. He would work at farming dur- ing the day and tit the shoemaker's bench tit night, and by this course of persistent industry lie finally became a fairly successful man. He married Abigail, daughter of Joshua Sargent ; they had five children, only two of whom tire now living, — Jotham, and Abigail, now the widow of Jacob Crosby. Mr. Hil- dreth died December 8, 1850, his wife having died August preceding. Jotham Hildreth, whose portrait appears in connec- tion with this sketch, has followed in the footstl ps oi his father. He was brought up to the same occupa- tions, farming and shoemaking. At agriculture he has done much more than his father, and for many years has been considered one of the best farmers in his town. Brought up in ti school of rigid with a full appreciation of the value of labor and money, he litis been frugal, industrious, and, as a natural result, successful. He has never married, and his widowed sister now finds a home with him. M r. 1 1 ildreth litis been honored by his fellow-towns- men by being elected to the State Legislature in 1850, and again in 1855. He has been selectman of his town several years, surveyor, etc., and litis done more or less at settling estates. Mr. Hildreth was a Democrat in political creed until some years prior to the war, when he became a Republican, and litis affiliated with that party to the present time. In religion he is a Congregationalist. He has so deported himself through a long and active life that in hi.- old age, he litis the happy consciousness of possessing the confidence and respect of his fellow- citizens. ^ ',YrAe/L HISTORY OV MASON. CHAPTER I . The town of Mason lies in the southern part of the county, ami in bounded as follows: North by Wil- ton, east by Brookline, south by Massachusetts, west bj New Ipswicdi and Greenville. The township was granted, November 1, 1740, by Joseph Blanchard, as agent for the Masonian pro- prietors, to William Lawrence and others, and was called No. 1 until, in answer to a petition, it was in- corporated with town privileges, August 20, 170*, and given its present name in honor of Captain John Mason, the original owner of that tract of land, known as " Mason's patent." At a meeting of the inhabitants, June 22, 1768, they voted to have the town calledSharon, butGovernor Wentworth named it Mason. The town includes that portion of the town of Townsend, -Mass., which was uorth of the province line as established in 1741. June 28, 1872, the northwest part of the town was setoff ami incorporated as Greenviile. By the terms of the charter incorporating the town, Obadiah Parker, "Gentleman," was appointed to call the first meeting of the inhabitants as a town. For this purpose he issued his warrant in due form, under dati of September 5, 1768, for a meeting to be held September 10th, at which Obadiah Parker was chosen moderator; Josiah Wheeler, town clerk; Josiah Wheeler, Obadiah Parker and Joseph Bullard, select- men ; Reuben Barrett and John Swallow, constables; Nathan Hall, treasurer; John Asten and Jonathan Winship, titliiiiirm.-ii : Thomas Barrett, Enosh Law- rence, Jr., Lemuel Spaulding and Josiah Robbins, surveyors of highways; Captain Thomas Tarbell, sealer of weights and measures; John Asten, sealer of leather: Richard Lawrence and Joseph Blood, fence-viewers : Samuel Lawrence anil Joseph Lowell, hog constables: Aaron Wheeler and (diver Elliott, deer officers. Thus the territory formerly known by the name of No. 1 became legally a town, and, with some additions of territory subsequently made, has remained a town to the present day. One of the first incidents attendant on arriving at the condition of a town was found to be taxes. To facilitate the collection of taxes, the town was divided into the west and east -ides. This division was made on the road leading from Townsend to the north part of the town, by what was then the residence of Dea- con Nathan Hall. All east of that road and north of the centre of the town on that road belonged to the east side; all west of that road and south of tin' centre to the west side. A list of taxes was made out, amounting to €17 16*. 0'/. 2'/., and committed to John Swallow, constable, lor the west side, and a similiar list, amounting to £17 IDs. 71 a vote was passed to build a house thirty by twenty-four I'eet. The dimensions were afterwards changed to forty by thirty feet. This house was erected about three rods northeast of the place where the second meeting- house stood. The first house was never finished, but was 80 far litted tor use that it served tor public worship and town-meetings till the see. .ml was built, having, by a vote of tin' proprietors, been made over to the town. The second bouse was raised in 1789. It was so far finished that it was used for the cere- monies of the ordination of Rev. Ebenezer Hill, November 3, 17!>0, but was not completed and dedi- cated till November 2i>, 1 "7; »">. It continued to be used for public worship and town-meetings till the third house was built, not by the town, but by a religious society in connection with the Congrega- tional Church, in November, 1837, and afterwards for town-meetings till the town-house was built, in November, IMS. It was then sold at auction and re- moved. The Baptist society built a bouse, but there are no means of ascertaining in what year it was built. It was never finished outside or in, and could not be occupied in cold weather. It was sold and removed in 1812. The brick meeting-house in the village was built in ] Sl'7 by a new Baptist society. and has been occupied to the present time. The meeting-house of the Second Congregational Society was built in the village by subscription of individuals, and dedicated in December, 1849. The Christian Chapel was erected in 1835. The Congregational Church was organized October 13, 1772. It consisted of twenty-one members, — twelve men and nine women. On the same day Jonathan Searle was ordained pastor of the church and min- ister of the town. Disagreements soon arose between him and tin 1 church, and between him and the town, which, as time went on, became more perplexing and unyielding. The result was bis dismissal by the church, May 4, 1781, and by the town, August 14, 1781. Mr. Searle was bom in Rowley in 1744, and graduated at Harvard College in 17(i4. He held the Office of justice of the peace many years, but did little business as such. Indeed, little in that line iu his day and region needed to be done by any one. He died December 7, 1812, aged sixty-eight years. No monument marks the place of his burial. He and his wife were buried by the side of the monument of B. Witherell, his son-in-law. His successor in office was the Rev. Ebenezer Hill. He was born in Cam- bridge in January. 1766, graduated at Harvard College in 1786, pursued his professional studies under Dr. Seth Payson, of Rindge, was licensed to ]. reach October 28, 17*8, and was employed by the people of Mason to preach for them early in 1789. 11 is services met with such acceptance that the church and town united in a call for him to be their minister. He accepted the call, and was ordained November ■':. 1790. He remained minister of the town till Decem- ber 19, 1835, when he was. at his request, released by the town from the contract on their part. He con- tinued in office as pastor of the church till his death, May 20, 1N">4, in the eighty-ninth year of his age and the sixty-fourth of bis pastorship. In 1791 he bought the farm, and on it, in 1800, lie built the house in which, and on the farm, to which he made some additions, he passed the remainder of bis days. Upon this farm, with the pittance of two hundred and fifty dollars for a salary, he brought up his numerous family of fourteen children, only one ot whom died in infancy. Order, economy, and industry were the rules of bis household. Abundance of plain fare, coarse, strong, but decent raiment, were provided fir all. Two of his sons graduated at Harvard Uni- versity and one at Dartmouth College. Rev. Andrew II. Ke.d was ..•tiled as colleague pastor with him in November, 1836, and remained till he was dismissed, at bis own request, December 11, 1839. Mr. Hill then resumed the pastoral duties of the parish, and performed the labors of the station till August, 1840, when the Rev. Joseph 1'.. Hill was employed to assist him. He was settled as co-pastor October 20,1841, and remained till April, IN 17, when he was, at his own request, dismissed. The Rev. J. L. Armes was settled as co-pastor in 1851, and remained till after Rev. Ebenezer Hill's death. In 1839 and 1840 be represented the town in the Legislature of the State, but weary of public life, and longing for the quiet of home, he declined further service in that line. From the time of the settlement of .Mr. Reed, Mr. Hill continued to devote his life and labors to the business of his sacred calling, as opportunity presented in the neighboring towns, until the infirmities of age, wasting his energies and strength, compelled him to retire, and pass the evening of his life in the quiet of bis household and fireside. Rev. Joseph B. Hill, after leaving Mason, took charge of the church in Colebrook, N. H., where he remained ten years, and then removed to West Stewartstown, an adjoining town, and remained in charge of the church in that place five years. In 1862 be purchased a small farm in Temple, N. H., and removed and settled bis family there. In .March, 1864, be accepted an appointment in the Christian Commission, and in that capacity joined the army, and, witli fidelity, industry and zeal, gave himself to the duties of that office, in the Armv of the Cumber- MASON. land, until, at Chattanooga, lie met with an accident on the railroad so severe as to terminate in his death, June 16, 1864. Mr. Anno was dismissed, at his own request, May 13, 1857. Immediately after Mr. Amies left, the Rev. Daniel Goodwin commenced preaching for this church, and continued in that employment till he was installed as pastor. April 18, I860, and remained until 1873. The succeeding pastors have been : Rufus P. Wells. Febiuary, 1874, to April, 1877 : W. R. Tisdale. April. 1877, to April, 1881; II. 1'. Leonard, July 1, 1881, to present time. War of the Revolution.— The r -ds of the first town-meeting show that the citizens were expecting and preparing for this conflict, and when war actually came they were ready to meet it. Captain Benjamin Mann, with Ins company, marched to Cambridge and joined the patriot army, and took part in the battle of Bunker Hill, in which one of his company, Joseph Blood, is known to have been killed, and one other, Ebenezer Blood, Jr., 1 was probably killed, as he was never heard of after that day. His name is not found on the roll of the company. Undoubtedly he joined it only on the time of the battle as a volunteer. The evidence of hi- service and fall in the fight rests only on tradition ; but that ha- been uniform and uncon- tradicted. Ninety-one inhabitants of the town served in the army or navy in the War of the Revolution, most of them on behalf of the town, but some for other towns or places, as follows: LIST OF SOLDIERS. J. Ill] Adams, Simon Aims, Samuel Abbot, Ebi-iiczi-r Abb.it, Abrl Adams, i. Joaepli Barrett, Joseph Blood, Nathaniel Barrett, Jr., Jos- frt.-r. Zebnloli Il.»l^-', olj\.-r Eli, at, Asa K l-on, llaviil Kliot. Ilta.'oli Andrew Eliot, Abijab Eaton, Jonathan Foster, Simon Fish, Isaac Flagg, Jonas Fay, Jonathan Foster, Ji Nathan Foster, Ezra Fuller, James Uol.lnll, Reub>'ll Hnsln.-r. Timutlo lb "Ionian, llavnl I b,.l-,, ,.,,,, .1. ,-..|.|, H...l_'inaii, .b.s.(.li Ilrrnik, .1 1 , .b.-rpb Ho'l^lnan, Jr. Jolili Hlul- li-rt. Zadinis Ilo.luniaii, Am... Ib.l.leu, Willi:, m 11.. mi,.. i, Joh Hodgman, Henry Hall, John Hall. Davi I Hall, Nathan 11 dgmal .Josiab Hurlbert, Am.. H'-rrirk. .1... |,li 1...W.1I !• I in .tb\ l...u. 11, .b.-.j.b M-iiiam. K/ra Merriam, Benjamin Mann, Al-iali.e,, M : \.« \l--m,,., -ila. Merriam, Abraham Merriam,Ji .Ephraim Sutt g, W • mli P urers, The number of inhabitant- of the town was about five hundred ; so that nearly one in live of all the in- habitants of the town, including men, women and children, old and young, took part in the strife of the battle-fields. It is impossible to make out. with any satisfactory certainty, the amount of pecuniary bur- dens borne by the citizens in that war. That their 1 His name appears in the "List of Killed" in Swt-tt's Bunker Hil Appendix, P- '-> ' I. '- '.'. Haml-lni ■■ 1' M"'' - energies and mean- were taxed to the utmost is appar- ent, and that the demands upon them were promptly mil is al-u shown by their records ; but the fact, that all the sums paid and burdens borne are not fully re- corded, and the more important tact that alter the 1777 the currency was continually depreciating, ren- der it hardly possible now to ascertain what was the true value of the sums assessed and paid as taxes. In this war the town was united in the prosecution of the contest. There was hut one Tory in the town, and he was soon driven away. His property was con- fiscated, and his land sold by the authorities of the State, and he ended his days in Groton, his native place, in poverty and wretchedness. No Slate in the Union was so thoroughly loyal to the patriot cause and so free from Toryism in those days as the State of New Hampshire, and no town in the Stale was more patriotic and unanimous in prosecuting the war to the end than the town of Mason. War of 1812.— In the War of 1812 a very different state of feeling existed in the town. Many thought the war was needless, and that it was brought on not, by any worthy cause, but by party management. The politics of the town, as indicated by the choice of representatives in the years 1811, '12, '13, '14 and '15, showing a change from one party to the other each successive year, prove that tin- parties were very evenly balanced. The only call for soldiers from the town was made by the Governor for the defense of Portsmouth. War of the Rebellion.— The War of the Rebellion found much less unanimity of sentiment among the people of the town than that of the Revolution; but still a very decided majority was in favor of support- ing the "old flag," and in this majority was to be reckoned a large number "I the Democratic party. The purpose to make the burdens and expenses of the military service a common charge upon the town was very generally resolved upon and acquiesced in. The whole number of men from this town was one hun- dred and twenty-one. The amount of money paid by the town for bounties and hiring soldier- and other expense- of that war was ¥L'd,474 44, as follows: Expi I. .■ The following is a report of the number and names of soldier- furnished by the town of Mason for the suppression of the Rebellion, a- made out February 29, 1866, by Charles II. Prescott : 'll„. i, i.i- E. M.ii-ball, Company G, - I Regiment, Jul I 61; wounded July 2, 1863 ; promoted to second sergeant ami then through every grade up to captain ; re-enlisted January 1, 1864; in . ::i . ..mm.. n I -,i .. ■■..,; Me. era, in v. I,:, b he - nred till i 1 f the war. i ■,.,,], . n ;, • , ■ ,■ ,. - , l ftegimi ni Jun, ,,1861 Charlee I I ister, I impanj G, Se I ' >, 1861"; re-en - HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 186] ; pn ted Levi .1. .Insslin, Cunpauy G, Seioiid Regiment, J corpora) ; mustered out June 21, 1864, John Kelihey. I' pany G. Soruhd lb -ginielit. June .">, ISO] nut June ill . L864 Augustus G. Nutting, Company G, Second Regiment. June 1861 rauBtered out 21, i->.i Andrew Corbit, Company II, Sir I Regiment, June 5, 1861. Michbell Haley, «' pany II. ml Regiment, June 5,1861; pro- Da I corporal ; mustered nut s.pt. ini.-r :i. l>r.;t. Manpiis L. Holt, Company E. TInr.l Regiment, August _.: Isnl, pi, Ilioteil lorporal ; re-enlisted I ebmaiy 1 ., l-n| Epbraim Crandell, Company c, Fourth Regiment. septembei Is, Isi'.l ; died "t disease .hue- 23, l-< 1 Romango L. Nutting, corporal, Company E, Sixth Regiment, Novi mbi r 28, 186] , 1 1 ■ >t offii (ally accounted for. Henry A. Jones, Cinpaiiv K, Sixih Regiment. Vo. ml.i i js, lsni ; re- enlieted I' mli.-i j:., 1m;:: SethPreston, Company B, Eighth Regiment, D mbet 20,186] n en- listed January 4, 186 ! Henry Shattuck, Company I!, Eighth Regimenl I imbei 20, 1861; died at Camp Parapet, I.a.. Anmist e, 1--.J RobertlJ. Pliinney. Company K, Eighth Regiment. Hereinboi in, lst',1 ; promoted corporal July, 1862; wounded October 27, 1862; promoted sergeant February II, 1- , . I,-, l,.u .1 l.. Ii-i|.;lu\ November 27, 1864. i.i'oi-.- I'liMin^, , ,,i jh.ml, Fust Light Battery, New Hampsbire Volun- teers, Septembei Jo. Is,,!; re, lined to the rank- ; mi tember 25, 1864. Willanl C. ISnrdi.k, l'ii-t Li-hl I'.attery. New Hampshire \ olmiteeis. Georgoll lux. New llaniiishin- P.allalloli. iil-l New Inn', .n.i'iy Octobi i 24, 1861 missing tob r 12 1863 I'a\id Mmnii, New llalnpshile II, Hale n. loo New I I 1 ml.- 1 24, 186] , re-enlisti I i 364 Enoch Leavitt, N, w Hamps 1' tali i fin Xev, England Cavalry, I'- - i 24 186] i. i Q] si d J. v '-. 1864. Patrick O'Briet New H pi Bat .1 : Si b England Cavalry, Milton II Hardy, sergeant, Company G, Thirteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, Septembei L9, i-',J ; eoi issionej a- lieu- John G. Bio shire \. 1 E. Boyi Voluntas William W. Vol, ml. William I>. i Volunte rteenth Regiment, New Hamp- h Regiment, New Hampshire Md .1 Ivlw-.u.j \\ Havi-, Company t.. Thirteenth Kemiuetit, New Hampshire \ .ilnniei i-, September III, l.so': w on ndei I September 'J'.', 1SI',4 ; ilieil of w ids al II .I'm \ .i Octobi i l: 1864 Charles II. Russell, < p :U i\ G. Thirteenth Regiment, New Hampshire i in. 1862. GeorgeD. Reed, Company <., Thirteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, - pti I I dischat ■ Ralph Weston, Company i., Thnte.-ntli |:.-:ii,ihii. New Hampshire Volunteers, September hi, lSI'i'J; died of disease Mai.h _' I , ISO:'., Ira M, Whittaker, Company G, Thirteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers Septembi i IS, 1862; died ol a,., a-,. January 15, 1863 Charles A l»i.-;,n. ioi,,,.,,i.\ I I In: I, . iiTn 1;, _-i,m lit N.w Hampshire .1"-. I'h I' I' •! i : i; , • I, I'l i : 1 1 ■-. lit] i I;. - 1 unlit. New Hampshire M V. II. Elliott, Company I, Thirteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Vol eers, Si ptemb Frnstus E lilb.itt. I pany i, Thirteenth Ue-imetit, New Hampshire Hani, I Pari,. P .nil, I: j ,,l, New Hampshire V. Joseph F. O'l'oluiell. seeolnl lieutenant. Sixteenth Regiment. New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, Company C, November 4, IS62 ; mustered lugusl 20 L86 I Heiirv H. Stevens, sergeant Company c, sixteenth Regiunii, V v Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, October Is, 1862 ; mustered out An- , I.-,',.:. John K. Stearns, sergeant. Coinpanj < ', Sixteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, ri.tober IS. lsC' : mustered out An- gusl .'" 181 Harris.in Livingston, corporal, C pany C, Sixteenth Regiment. New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, Uetoher Is, ls,,j ; mustered out An- gus! 20, 1-e.:. ■ I h or- Company C, Sixteenth Re-llnent, New Hampshire V,,liiu- teei Infantry, October 18, 1862 ; died Ugusl I", 1863. Geoi-e |,. Adam-, Company C, Sixteenth Regiment. New Hampshire Volunteei Infantry, Octobei 18, 1862 died August 19, 1863 Cliauno.y A. Ailaiu-, I'oinpaiiv c. Sixt.-. nt I !:.•_ ,, N.w Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, October Is, 1862; mustered out August 20, 1863. No VI. i in-. Comiiaiij c. Sixteenth Iti-imeiit, New Hampshire Vol- unteei Infantry, net il.et _'7, lso-j : mustered out August 20, LSI I Albeit A. Austin. Company c. Sixteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, October Is, IstVj ; died August 1, lb63. Charles P. Baldwin, Companj C Sixteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Iiifantia October 18, 1862 died i i, 1-, Sydney A. Barrett, Company C, Sixteenth Eegiment, New Hampshire \ i.lllllteel I llfallt I \ . I li L.l.el i S , l.-OJ , , 1 ] -e I , . , l -, . , I 1' 1862. I ' ■ m| \ c, sixteenth Regiineiit, New Hauip-liiie Volunteei [ntantry, n. t..bei I.-. Isoj diseharged for disability, chailes I'. Gnihaiu. Coinpany c. Sixteenth Regimenl, New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, (lelnbei Is, isi.O; mustered out August _o. 1863. I'll I- -Lei,,,, |i, I i.lnj \ I. S| X t,.,nth lb gillient, N e W Ha 111 p>ll i 1 ,' Volunteei Infantry, October 18, L862; mustered out August 20, I Marshall Kimball, Couipaiiv c, sixteenth Regiment. New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, October Is, 1862; mustered out Vugnst l-i;:;. Benjamin G. Livingston, Company C, Sixteenth Reg mt, Sev Hani] shire Volunteer Infantry, iietober Is. lsi',2 . um-i, ,. ,i [863 David Robbins, Company c. Sixteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer infantry, October is, 1862; mustered out August 20, I si;:;. Nail iel Smith. Cmpanv C, sixteenth Regiment, N.w Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, October Is, 1862 : died May 1l\ ISO.: Lyman Sander-. Company c. sixo-enth i;. _mi. hi, N.-w Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, iietober Is, J62 died March 21 LS63 Samuel H. Wheel, r. Company C, Sixteenth 10 giment, New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, Octobei 28, 1862 mustered out August 20, l sl ;. Thomas B. RuBsell, Company la Sixteenth Reginu lit. New llaiup-liii e Volunteer Infantry, Nnvenihei I:;. 1-J imi+iel .nit \hl;ii-i j, I- : Thomas R.Clement, assistant Burgeon, Tenth Regiment, V „ Hamp- .|,ii. \ oluntei , I,, I:,,,,,, .,,,., ably disi hargt d Septembei 1". 1-1,1 James s. Maiilnve, Coiupauy K. sixth Regiment, \„, Hampshire Vol- William Regiment. New I] Volunteer Infantry, Oi tob I ,1863 George Beford, Company K, Eighth Regiment, New Hamps tee. Infantry, September 1. is,.;, kill..! .n Bayou L) G May 17. 1S04. William Hum, Company c. I.igluli lb- nt. New Hampshire Volun- teer II mtry, September l. is,, ; Madison Colby, ipanj I UUP > i li.l.n.M > I lib, : I J. 1-' : MASON. AK'ii/" < alter. Compain D. Eleventh Regiment, New Hampshire Volun- teer Infantry, Derehih. r 11, 1 --+ . '. : wounded .July '-". IS64. Flan, i- P.. in. II. I. Companv I. Twelfth Regiment, New Hampshire Yob unteer Infantry, December 11, 1863. John Grant, Company K, Twelfth Regiment, New I l.iiiip-hu . \..lun- teer Infantry, December 11, Is-;;;; transferred t.. 1 nited States navj \ i.r-il 29, 1864. Thomas Gaiiigan, Company K, Twelfth Regiment, New Hump-hire Vol- unteer tnfantrj , December 11, 1863. James M. Howard, C pan} C, Twelfth Regiment, New Hampshire \ olunteer Int. mm. Dei .-nil., r 10, 1 36 ! William Kingsland, Company I, Twelfth Regiment, New Hump-hii- Volunteer Infantry, 1 imber 10, 1863. George Lansing, c pan\ Iv, Twelfth Regiment, New- Hampshire Vol- unteer Infantry, December 11, 1863. William Meaney. Company 10, Twelfth Regiment, Sew Hampshire Vol- unteer Infantry, 1 iel II. 1863 wounded Waj 6, 1764 George Nichols, Company D, Twelfth Regiment, N'ev Hampshire Volun- teer Infantry, December 11, 1863 ; transfeiTed to United states navy April 29, 1864 Louis Schafft, Conipahv < ', Twelfth Regiment, New Itnuipshii o Y. .|un- teer Infantry, Decembei 12, 1863; wounded June 3, 1864. John Tupper, Company E, Twelfth R.gi nt. New Ilauip-lurc Volun- teer Infantry, December in, It"".:; .In M.l.tl. T p i., t'ii-t Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Cavalry, April ."., ISH4 ; missing November U, l.sc.4 Charles S. Cheeney, Troop G, First Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Cavalry, March 31, 1864. Louis Curtois, Troop G, Firsl Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Cav- alry, March 31, 1864. James Dailey, Troop I', First Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Cav- alry, June 25, 1864. James Eastman, Troop 1'. First Regiment. New Hampshire Volunteer . Conant, furnished substitute rhittaker. furnished substitute. Adams, tin hi-hcd -iih-ti! nte 1 H. Nutting, pan! commutation. II -in.. i, discharged fot disability or othet i . - M 1 1 i.uii, discharged for disability or other i B Ni well, discharged tor disability or other i i Hut. hinsoii, ilisrliarge.l lor dlsahilll \ or ..Hi. I n 1'. March, ilis.baig.il for disability or other c arrett, discharged for disability ther causes Ganey, discharged t..i disability or othet cause) .Mar- First Regiment, N. w II m|.-hn. list Regiment, New Hampshire Regiment. New Hampshire Vol airy, March -J."., 1864. Henry G iwin, C panj A, Eleventh Re| nt. Vpril 5, 1864. John Staw, Company I, Seventh Reg D1 Septentbei 22 I > Thomas Eletchet Company I Seven! Regit ent, September 22, 1864 K.lwanl Trial, Company A, N nth Regin \n_u-i J.. I SI 1 . missing Peter Baker, ( ..iiifsm c. Ninth Regiment, \iieu-l :•:, Is.u. John L. Blance, Company F. Fifth Reg nt, Septembet 13, 1864. Charles H. Dogberty, Company It, Filth Regiment, .September 17, 1864. - . ..,,,|.. - i I ., 1864. Edward McGwire. C [...in I I'll;...,' V t . ' ' > 1-' I Thomas McCnue.c,,,,, pan, I I iftl Regit • -. !'■ ibel 2, IS.14. John Muholiey, Company 1", I nth lb— in,, ni >■ pt. ml. i ';, lsi',4. John Mountain, Company K, i ftl Rt - it - pi mbei 19, 1864. William H. Rand, Company 1 l fth B imi I in a I 25, 18G4. John Sweeney, Company F, Filth Regiment, lugusl II, 1864. Sydney A Barrett, veteran, regnlar army, Angus* 31, 1864, .!.. .. veteran, regular army, Septemhei I'.',. Istll. Thomas Dunham, veteran, regular army, Septembel -'I. 1864. .lam. - smith .v. t.ian. ,.■■_, ,1a, ai me. Sepliin I. ei I I ->.| .I......I, .l,,lin-oii. V.I. rail, roeular army. Spread,,., J" I -' I Morton In-all-. ,-nli-ted in the navy, but fell -iel, an. I .In. I Match 1862, befori j. .nun rbi Nelson l. Bat ret! .lames P. Nutting, ll- I,.,,..-.! I. a .li-al.ibl \ ir other causes ib.-i causes NAMES OF THOSE Wlln Fl RNISHED SIBSTITI TES INDER THE CALL OF JULY IS, 1864. N t'll.s ni' Pl,l;-i,\s |,R M'TFI) FUtiM M.' Jerome Davis, furnished substitute. un- Walt.,-, furnished substitute. Morton I. Barrett, furnished sub-titute Horace E. Davis, furnished substitute, Joseph McGovven, fiirnislie 1 -ub-titut.-. SEPTEMBER -1, I - I. i haiiiberlain ihaile- P. Ricliardsoii .lames Taft. \h, I I. \,l;uns. Sewall 1' Adams. lniville .1. 1. , Edwin L. Nutting Charles E K, v. - Rufus 1' Boynton. ■ lane- Russell. Anson d. Rideout. I ,'ge W. S. I iptllle. Barnard Lamb. Joel H. Elliott. William A Adams - nptiire. John.L. Taft. A - A. Smith. Alvah Eakin. George 1.. Id 1. Horace K. Hodgeman. Nelson I„ Barrett. 'I I .,- lb i. mi Edward McGuire. John Main y. Thomas Florence. Joseph Marshall. Joseph Freni h. John L. Blame. Jacob Johnson. James Smith. Thomas Fletcher. David Finn. Peter Baket i harles Barli -. Thomas Dunham. .1, - Gilson. John Mountain. Edward Prial. John .Sweeney. William II. Rand. CI, arlr s II Dough, \1 all. i .1 e. Amount paid tin- substitutes, $22,455 ; amount paid, $1225; lowest, $900. State bounty, - « tov n i m . 86 It appears by it report made IV till' -elect 1 1 1 1 ■ tin- town that bounties were pai In. follows: To three years' n, [862 52,551 ■ ..in- n. isi;j . . To conscripts, lsil.'i . . 2,'ioo!oo Toconscripts, 1864 !)93 15 K ived from the gove tent . . ""'.Moo HISTORY OF GREENVILLE. ;. F. MEEHIAM. CHAPTER I. The town of Greenville is a rectangle in form, about four miles in length, by one and one-half miles in breadth, cut from the northwest corner of Mason, and otherwise bounded north by Temple and Wilton, and west by New Ipswich. Its outlines are from the original survey, on the cardinal points of the compass "by the needle," as was said in the grant, except the north line, which include- a gore of more than a hundred rods in width, hut is also given in the old charter as " running east.'' Its surface is quite undulating, rising into several hills of considerahle height and attractive prospects. < >f these the nmst prominent are the Adams, Bellows, Campbell, Dunster, Lawrence, Merriam and Barrett, the hitter reaching an altitude of twelve hundred and seventy-one feet, and affording a valuable peak for the observations of the United States Coast Survey. Its chief stream is the Soulie^an Itiver, whose de- scent is quite rapid, furnishing valuable mill sites, which are as yet but partially improved. Of these High Falls is deserving of special notice for it- scenic grandeur and favorable circumstances for utilizing a great water-power. The other water courses are but trout brooks, having their source in the immediate vicinity, and known by the names of the early settlers near Davis, Hill and Shattuck. The -oil was originally a rich mould, and while most of the pastures have suffered from long grazing, the fields of the hest cultivated farms still yield rich returns for careful tillage. Along the meadows and up the hillsides, near the river, the subsoil is largely clay and has to a considerable extent been wrought into brick- of the best quality and various articles of pottery. Beneath tin- a- a foundation, cropping out in frequent ledges, suitable for quarrying, or scattered in broken masse- upon the surface, is" an inexhaustible supply of gneiss or granite. The great forests of the past, as well as the younger wing in their place, are for the most part deciduous. A lew acre- of pine, with an occasional group of hemlock and yet rarer spruce, may still be found, but the maple-, red. rock and white predomin- 518 ate, while the birch, beech, oak, ash, elm, ha— and cherry abound with a sprinkling of chestnut and hickory near the southeast corner of the town. The first New Ipswich grant included the most valu- able portion of Greenville, but subsequent charters gave this territory to No. 1, afterwards incorporated as Mason, with which parent town its history for more than a century was merged. The earliest settlement seems to have been in the southwest corner of the town and the pioneer settler, Obadiab Parker, who soon built a frame house, "a good house and about two acres cleared" the pro- prietors' committee report to the proprietors' meeting, in Groton, Mass., October 25, 1752. On the 5lh of January, 1 70S, this same Lieutenant Obadiab Parker, as with the nice regard of the day for military rank, he was called, was chosen to go to Portsmouth to secure the Mason charter "and distribute the money there- for." His success appears in Governor Wentworth's charter, dated August 6th of the same year, author- izing Obadiab Parker, gentleman, to call the first town-meeting, which he did by his warrant of Sep- tember 5th. At this meeting, on the 19th of the same month, he was elected moderator and one of the board of selectmen; and it may be- added that in personal presence, business capacity and Christian character he seem- to have been a lather of whom no town need be ashamed. It is said that the first house erected in the village stood near the site id' the town-house. It is worthy of remembrance as the birth-place of one of the noblest men that ever honored the history of the town . Deacon Merrill C. Podge: and after removal the structure i- still standing on TempleStreet opposite the residence of James Taft, Esq. It seems also from obscure records, that a mill was very early built at one of the tall- of the Souhegan hard by. Certainly the pro- prietors voted November 4, 1867 ami chose a com- mittee to view the roads to accommodate Slipton with power, if judged best, to lay out the road- by Mr. Barrett's mills; and in the warrant of the first town-meeting after incorporation was an article "to see if the town will, accept the road lately laid out by Mr. Thomas Barretts and Amos Dakins mills and, GREENVILLE. 519 build a bridge over tbe river now the water is low." And the record tells us, " Voted, to accept the mad. Voted, to build a bridge." A.bout this mill and the subsequent industries which took their motive power from the several falls of the Souhegan grew a thrifty village, known as Mason Earbor, Mason Village and sometimes Souhegan Village, until its incorporation June 28, 1*72, with some of the territory naturally clinging to it and the name which it now bears. The citizens of the « Ireenville district were always prominent in the history of Mason, furnishing its first representative, Deacon Amos Dakin, when classed with Ualiy (now Brookline), also when Joseph Mer- riam led the list of town representatives. The organ- ization of the Second (.'ongregational Church in Mason, afterwards the Congregational Church in Greenville, took away the three deacons of the old church, — Nathan Wood, Franklin Merriamand Simeon Cragin. And so the whole secular and sacred life of Mason before division is one in which Greenville shares most honorably. The distance of the village from the centre of Mason in time produced the same results as have so often appeared in the change of town lines to accom- modate business centres. As usual the first impulse came from the conscience. The Baptists were the pioneers in this movement, erecting a meeting-house in the village as early as the year 1827 and or- ganizing a new Baptist t Jhurch the year following. Thenceforth, the interest and worship of the denomi- nation centered there, and the previous organization and services at Mason Centre were discontinued. Time passed, and the lathers and mothers of Puri- tan faith and order could get only a part of their families and friends to their church three miles away; hence, the organization of the Congregational Church June 3, 1847. Nearly twenty-four years afterwards, the convenience of the manufacturing population led to a proposition on the part of .Tames L. Chamberlin, Esq., to buy the old town-house at the centre of Mason and build in its stead, at the village, an attractive edifice, fitted up for all requisite town purposes and to he freely used for them, upon conditions which were regarded by his neighbors as generous, but which those near and be- yond the old town-house were naturally reluctant to accept. Out of this difference of opinion and conse- quent excitement of feeling an amicable way of relief was found in division, citizens on one side giving the requisite legal notice and those on the other urging the matter to a successful issue. By the terms of its charter Greenville was to as- sume thirteen-twentieths of the liabilities of Mason. prior to separation and take besides its share of the north gore, forty-five of the two hundred eighty acre-lots laid out in the original survey of the parent town. Samuel Haines, James L. Chamberlin and Amos Scripture were empowered to call the first town- meeting, and upon their warrant the town organiza- tion was perfected. July 17, 1X7J. Some unfortunate litigation ensued with Mason concerning the Boynton common scl 1 fund which was decided in favor of the latter town, ami also as to the south line of Greenville which resulted in es- tablishing the full claim of the young town. The most harmonious relations have ever since existed with the mother-town and the citizens of Greenville, beyond all others, rejoice in her prosperity. During the first year- of independent town history all public meetings were held in the Congregational vestn and the selectmen had their oflice in Mr. Chamberlin's building on the site of the town-house. The desire for a town-home soon began to express itself. The Columbian Manufacturing Company made a generous oiler of a gratuitous lot, near the junction of Main and New Ipswich streets, and it was once voted to accept the offer and build thereon, but the town afterwards decided to purchase land of Mr. Chamberlin and built there, in the year 1876, the present town-house. It is a substantial brick structure, secular Gothic in style of architecture, u ith basement and lower story for store, post-office and selectmen's room, while above are main and banquet halls with ante-rooms. It was dedicated near the close of the year, — cost, including land, about thirty thousand dollars; building committee, James L. Chamberlin, Franklin B. Heald, George C. Bobbins, Henry I. Whitney and Milton H. Hardy. The population of Greenville at its census in 1880 was ten hundred and seventy-two. Its valuation by the selectmen for the year 1885 was six hundred thou- sand tour hundred and ninety-four dollars. The principal town officers have been, — MODERATORS. David Millikin, 1872. James I,. Chamberlin, 1st:;, '71, '7.:., 76, '77, '7s, 79, '80, '82. ' L'f II Livingston, lssil. Stephen H. Bacon, 1880, '82, '83, '84, '85. Thomas Hays, 1884. .lolin Kenney, 1885 TOWN CLERKS. James Taft, 1872. Eben F. Pierce, 1873, '71, '77. G 1 Herriam, 1875, '76. Frank E. Pierce, 1878, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84, '85 Charles E. Marsh, 1879 SELECTMEN. 1872.— Andrew Henry, John Kenney, George M. Farrar. 1873.— Henry J. Whitney, Samuel Haines, Ja s L. Chamberlin. 1S74. — Henry J. Whitney, James I., t 'hamberlih, Marshall Kimball. 1ST;".. — Henry .1. Whitney, James L. Chamherlin, James Taft. 1876.— James L. Chamberlin, Franklin B. Heal. 1, Milton H. Hardy. 1877.— Franklin li. Heald, Janes Taft, Samuel E. Adams. 1878.— Franklin B. Heald, Ji - Taft, Nathan P Farrar. tsT'i.— Stephen II. 1'ao'ii, Nathan P. Farrar. Thomas Hays 1880.— Stephen H. Baeou, Nathan P. Farrar, i.ie..r-e ' la.hhins. 1881-82.— Charles E. Hall, Nathan P. Farrar. George c. Robbins. 1 arles E. Hall, Nathan P. Fanar, Milton II. Hardy. 1884.— Nathan P. Farrar. Milt,. n II. Hardy, Bronson r Lamb Iss;,._o„.,,rL'e 1.'. R,.bl.ins, William II. Sanborne, James Taft. REPRESENTATIVES HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. nry, L878. I iiarles ] Marsh, 1880. Stephen B I hi i EG VI I. TO CONS1 I'll TIOM \l. CONI ENTIOK. J. I. Chamberlin, IS76. I 1:1 USURERS. J. L. Chamberlin, 1872, '73, 7). '75, '76, '77, '7s. SI. C. Dodge, 1879, 3i P Lamb, 1882, '83. I I. Ball, 1884. Orin D. Prescott, 18S -i ll RINTENDING SCHOOL COMMITTEE. M. C. Dodge, 1872, '73 74, '78 I i ll.. !. 1876, 77. 79, '81, '82, '83, -1 I ... ey, ls7s I I,. Marsh, 1878. F. A. Newell, 1880. nsey, 1885. Illonw w SURVEYORS. Elisha B. B.. . . H. J. Whit . M. H. Hardy, 1-7... '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84. H. M. Livingston, 1877, '78. SI PERVISORS. 1878.— Andrew Henry, John Janes, George H. I.i\ ih--i..ii IvMi.—Oeorge H. l.iuit^.l Harrison II. Sliuuiway, Charles E. Marsh. 1882.— Harrison II. Shumway, Charles F. Smith, George I. Bl 1. ISM.— Fntnk I. IYabo.lv, Harrison H. Slumnvav, Sila- A. Hays. Business History. — In the original "rant of the Masonian proprietors mention is made of two lots for encouragement of building mills. At the first draft it seems that neither of the lots selected t'<>r this pur- pose were within the bounds of Greenville, but the superior advantages of the waterfall of the Souhegan River were soon recognized and the needful arrange- ments made for building saw and grist-mills there. From Hon. J. I!. Hill's - Hist. try of Mason " it ap- pears a committee was appointed at a proprietors' meeting in 1751 to make a contract for constructing mills on this privilege, the saw-mill to be completed by the 25th of May, 17~>2, and the corn-mill in a year from that date. This was done, but the contractor failed to fulfill hi- bond and a suit tit law followed. The mills, however, were soon built by Thomas and Charles Barrett. At least the latter sold his interest to Deacon Amos Dakin and moved to New Ipswich, according to some authorities as early as 17<>4. Dea- con Dakin soon aftei became sole proprietor and con- tinued so until his death in 1779, when the property passed to his son, Deacon Timothy Dakin, who re- built the mills in a very substantial manner and remained the owner until 1*14, when he sold them with the privilege to Major Seth King and John Stevens, Esq. From these owners they passed in time to William Durgin and were directed bj John Felt until September 18, 1854, when they were pur- chased I.-, the Columbian Manufacturing Company, to give place to one of its large factories, called No. 1. The first dam above the bridge was made by Deacon Amos Dakin about 1788. Below this .lam, on the south side of the stream, a carding and fulling mill was built by John Everett about the beginning of the century. It was occupied by him, afterwards by isbj and others for the same purpose until the year 1829, when it was removed to give room for the present No. 1 factory building of the Columbian Manufacturing Company. The water-power opposite on the south bank of the river was first used for a blacksmith's shop, in which was a trip hammer for the manufacture of scythes and axes. This business was conducted by Ezra Newell, and at the commencement of the century cut-nails were there made. Not far from the year 1813, a new building was erected for the manufacture of various woolen fabrics under the direction of Major Seth King. This too, afterwards passed into the possession of the Columbian Manufacturing Com- pany, and the site is now occupied by its planing- mill and repair-shop. The three mill privileges immediately below those already mentioned early came into the hands of Roger Chandler and associ- ates, who soon improved the two lower ones with the requisite dams and buildings for manufacturing pur- poses. Roger (.'handler'.- contract with Timothy Dakin and Joseph Sanders for the building of the principal dam " and to set up a building for a cotton -factory " bears date of June 22, 1 ^ 1 1! , and pledges them to complete it all by the middle of November, while he binds himself to pay therefor at specified times one thousand and fifty dollars, the major part in cotton, yarn, or cloth, or store g Is, as they may choose, at cash prices, also to furnish them with gla-s. nails and lime, ."i stipulated terms, and one barrel of New England rum at cash price. The exact date of build- ing the lower factory is uncertain, but under the names of Roger Chandler & Co., Isaacs, Taft & Co., and Mason Cotton Factory, the manufacture of yam and cloth was here continued for many years. In the year 1818, Luammi Chamberlin bargained for water-power of this Mason Cotton Factory Com- pany, at its upper fall, and there built a machine shop where be carried on quite extensively the manufac- ture of cotton and woolen machinery, machine tools, etc. He gave special attention to the making of power-looms and originated a valuable improvement on those in previous use. About the year 1840, in company with Captain Thomas Pierce, he secured and fitted up the mills below for the manufacture of satinets and other woolen goods. The buildings were also extended for the 'lying and finishing of cloth by Captain Josiah Heald. Besides, Mr. Cham- berlin erected and operated a lumber mill further down the river, while he conducted the business of blacksmithing and other important industries. After a season the manufacture of woolen fabrics passed into the hands of Patterson, Noone A: Clark. When the other partners retired John Clark con- tinued the business alone until his removal to Bos- ton left Mr. Chamberlin to resume it again. His QBEENVILLE. 521 enterprise and mechanical skill made him a conspicu- ous figure in the early history of the village. He came to it in his early manhood and by his business ventures did much to quicken the life and build up the material interests of the community. For years before his death, November 24, 1853, his affairs were directed by his son, James L. Chamberlin, who afterwards, through his own active career, developed a like executive force and versatility of talent. Beyond the business responsibilities thus devolved upon him, he proceeded, in 1857, to build a more reliable dam upon the lowest mill site of Roger Chandler & Com- pany with substantial brick buildings on the cast side nt' tin- river for a flouring mill. This he managed most successfully and afterwards made large additions to the mills themselves, introducing the manufacture of furniture, which grew under his care to large pro- portions and gave him all enviable reputation for excellence of workmanship, until just as he was ar- ranging for yet further expansion of the business, when he was suddenly checked by untimely accident and death May :.;, 1883. The making of twine was very profitably com- menced in the chief building of the Mason Cotton Factory during the year 1856. John Barker and the firms of Barker & Lynch, Barker & Nichols and Barker Brothers, and finally W. Jaquith, continued the business for several years. ( )ther enterprises, at va- rious times, have taken theirpower from these several falls, as the manufacturing of chairs by George Kim- ball, lead pencils by Aaron Heywood, extens tal.lcs by Willard Jefts, boxes by Gray & Fuller, and brackets at the lower mill by John M. White. Then, without the use of water-power, there has been the manufacture of potash by Timothy Dakin, pot- tery by Rue) Richardson, bricks l.y the Chamberlins, boots and shoes by Wilson cV Taft, tinware I.\ Scrip- ture ss the rl • in fear, Lest danger Bhould to them he near, And squirrels, too. would thereappear, And lain from Bide to side. " 'Twas there I learneil to lea. I and write, Within those time-worn walls; When Summer's sun was shining flight, For Winter in his power ami might, A] rayed in garb of snowy white The benches, Booi ami walls. Alel J..ys I.. I. o i g,.,M As a musical director, Professor Elisha B. Barrett has won a wide reputation during nearly fifty years service at the head of the church choir, anil in the conduct of more than one hundred and eight} ses- sions of the singing-school. The Greenville Town Library had it.- origin ma gift of one thousand dollars for that purpose by James L. Chamberlin. This primary donation was made in L876, and has been supplemented with gilts from others, as well as town appropriations, until the present number of volumes is about sixteen hundred. The < irrriirill,' Af citizens resident within the bounds of Greenville, Hon. Stephen Smith reached the highest political station, being twice elected coun- selor and was a prominent candidate for Governor, when his health gave way from the pressure of his many cares. Hon. Thomas 11. Marshall was not only a good physician, but always in the fore front of the bat- tle for reform, crowning his political career with two terms of service in the State Senate. John Stevens, a man of marked dignity, urbanity and tact, in addi- tion to most efficient service in various local offices, represented Wilton and Mason more than twenty years in the State Legislature. Colonel .lame- Wood and Joseph Barrett, besides other marks of popular esteem, received special legislative honors in the earlier days. Among those who have gone out from the town may be mentioned the brothers Algernon and ( leorge Shattuck, famous as teachers of penman- ship; Jonas Chickering, the distinguished piano manufacturer ; John and Samuel Putnam, of the Put- nam Machine- Works, Fitch, Mass.; Hon. Samuel Kimball, ex-mayor of Lawrence, Kan., and one of the proprietors of the foundry of Kimball Bros. there; Hon. John G. Kimball, late bank commis- sioner and treasurer of the New Hampshire Banking Company; Henry W. Merriam, president of the Mcrriam Shoe Manilla, turing Company, Newton, N. J. ; George D. Cragin, long prominent among the business men of New York, and now proprietor ol a large sugar plantation in Louisiana; and Colonel James Scripture, said to own the finest orange grove in Florida. Hon. Henry Stevens secured large influ- ence in Wisconsin prior to his death. Benjamin W. Mcrriam left a shining record among the merchant- princes of New York, (ieorge Barrett, of ( 'holer, Vt., was widely known for ability and Puritan integrity. Deacon Asaph R. Marshall, of Worcesti r, Mass., held many offices of trust, municipal, State. national and ecclesiastical, and all with a blameless record. The list of deserving ones might be greatly extended, but must be left for larger space ami a later pen. ■' I g live ih- B 1 town, giving nut, year In year, I; hi- I., ii n. muni I m.l wuiiiiml 1 it'ic , r , ,ys, modest maidens, in beautj sent forth, The living epii-tl.-s iinil prnut ut il* youth :' HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. JAMES LANGDON CHAMBERLAIN. James L. Chamberlain was burn in Mason village (now Greenville), N. II., February 16, 1824. He was the son and only child of Hon. Loammi Chamber- lain, and grandson ut' Captain Isaac Chamberlain, of Chelmsford, Mass. Hon. Loammi Chamberlain was, in many respects, a man of uncommon mould. He had a remarkable genius for the mechanical arts, and fine inventive (acuity. }I«- had much to do with perfecting and putting in successful operation the machinery of the various mills and manufactories in and about his native village, and made many valuable improve- ments in various machines, particularly in power- looms, which extended his reputation and business to other States. Some years [prior to his death he gave up practically all attention to mechanics, and devoted himself to the superintendence of his saw- mill and farm. His biographer says of him, that "lew men have done more for the material prosperitj of Mason village than Mr. Chamberlain." His son, James 1... seems to have inherited, in a very marked degree, the best traits of his lather's character. He had not the advantage of a collegiate course of study; but being of a studious, thoughtful turn of mind, and possessed of line powers of obser- vation, his tastes led him to be, throughout his life, a close student, not only of books, but of that broader field for study, human nature. The choice library he left behind him shows more than ordinary culture and a rare appreciation of the best works in art, sci- ence and literature. He early manifested an aptitude for business pursuits; and when he had attained his majority, his lather, whose health was declining, re- linquished to him the care and control of his busi- ness, which he soon began to improve and extend. In 1857 he built a new flouring mill, and dealt largely in grain. He also entered quite extensively into the manufacture of furniture, and carried on a large lum- ber trade. He was a wide-awake, generous-minded, liberal-spirited man, — the kind of man, who, while careful of his own interests and investments, labors also with the broader view of building up and advan- cing the material interests of the community. He was a sale and judicious counsellor, and his judgment was sought after and valued by his fellow-townsmen in every important public measure. He was an ear- nest, active member id' the Masonic fraternity, in nearly all its branches. In political life he was a Republican and an efficient local leader in the party, and was frequently chosen to the most responsible positions in the gilt of his townsmen. He repre- sented them in the legislature. He was also chosen as on,- ,,f the members id' tin- Constitutional Conven- tion in INTO lie was married, February 16, 1854, at Boston, Mass. le Rev. Rollin H. Neal, D.D., to Miss Mary A. Prescott, of Mason. They had two children, Ida F. and Nettie F. The latter, a lovely maiden, died December 15, 1873, at the age of fourteen. I'or two years prior to Mr. Chamberlain's death, he suffered much from declining health. The imme- diate cause of his death, however, was the crushing of his hand, which was caught in the machinery of his mill. He died eight days later, May 5, 1883. fhe Jerusalem Commandery, I\. T., of which he was a member in full rank, followed him to his grave and buried him with their impressive service. His wife and daughter survive him. The following extract from the sermon at his obse- quies, by Rev. J. M. Coburn, is eminently true of him: "The man id' sterling integrity, the active pub- lic-spirited citizen, the judicious helper, the kind neighbor and firm friend, the beloved brother, the affectionate father and true husband, has passed away, leaving distressing voids in the marts of business, in a large number of grateful hearts, and in a wide cir- cle of strong friends, and especially in his own happy and endeared household, which can never be filled. But his name and deeds, his hearty forgiveness of enemies, bis constant patience in suffering, his calm resignation to Heaven's decree in sickness and death, will be cherished, with loving remembrance, long after bis noble, outward form is turned to dust. The thrift and industries of the beautiful village of Green- ville, its excellent free public library, and the line Baptist Church edifice, tire perpetual reminders of his wise and noble beneficence. The entire commu- nity deeply feel and mourn the mysterious sad he- rein emellt." As was written of his father, so may it truthfully be written of him: "He was eminently a domestic man. and it was in the bosom of his family and in the circle of his most intimate friends, that his virtues were best known, and his many excellencies most fully appreciated." ,/?-V<7<^^- HISTORY OF MERRIMACK. BY ELLIOT WHIPPLE. CHAPTER I. Natural Features.— The town of Merrimack is situated mi the west side of the river bearing the same aame, and extends north from the mouth of the Pennichuck Brook, a distance of about six miles. The western boundary line runs due north from the Pennichuck, at a distance of about three anil a half miles from the most westerly point reached by the Merrimack River within the limits of the town, which is at Thornton's Ferry. The northern boun- dary extends due west from the river until it inter- sects the western boundary. Hence the shape of the town is approximately a rectangle, the eastern and southern boundaries being very irregular, in conse- quence of the windings of the above-named streams. Its average length is about six miles and its average width a little less than five miles, and it contains nineteen thousand three hundred ami sixty-one acres. Along the river the land is comparatively level, free from stone, and easily cultivated; but the soil is po- rous anil sandy, so that the farmer must enrich it with fertilizers freely and frequently, if he would gather rich harvests. The western portion is broken and hilly, and the soil is stony, but stronger than that of the plains. The prevailing rock, whether in the form of boulders, drift-pebbles, or bed-rock, is granite. gneiss, mica schist and other granitic formations, with litre and there some slate and shale. In many places the granite is suitable for building purposes, and is used to a considerable extent for foundations. There are extensive clay deposits, ex- cellent for brick-making. Near the northwest corner of the town, between it and Amherst, lies the beautiful Bald sue Pond, which offers many attractions to picnic-parties and summer visitors. The largest pond wholly within the limits of the town is Naticook Lake, in the southern pari of the town. It contains about seventy-five acres. Horse-shoe Pond, close to the Merrimack River, just above Thornton's Ferry, Dumpling Pond, neai Reed's Ferry, and various other small lakelets diversify the scenery. The Souhegan River enters the town from the west and winds through the middle portion, emptying into the Merrimack at Souhegan Village. It affords seve- ral excellent water privileges; one furnishes tin- power for the mills at Souhegan, another, about three- fourths of a mile up the stream — said to be the besl on the river — lies wholly unimproved, ami affords as charming and picturesque a scene as can he found in the State. The fall is occasioned by the river's break- ing through a barrier of rocks tilted up nearly seventy degrees, as is evidenced by the stratifications still clearly discernible, notwithstanding the twistingsand iiietaiiiorphisnis of geologic times. At one point, too, it requires no great amount of imagination to see in a projecting rock the face of a man peering steadily and forever out over the boiling waters, past the tangled forest, westward along the smooth surface of the river above the falls, as if it were the crvstalized genius of a vanished race, watching their departing footsteps. Both here and at Souhegan Village, numerous pot- holes are worn in the solid rock, one at the latter place which is only a foot in diameter measuring seven feet in depth. Babboosuc Brook, starting from the Babboosuc Pond, in Amherst, enters the town at its north-west corner, flows south-east, and empties into the Souhe- gan near its mouth. It affords several small water privileges, some of which have been improved. The Naticook Brook, starting from the pond of the same name, wanders north-east and finds its way into the Merrimack through Horse-shoe Pond. There is one small improved water privilege on it near Thorn- ton's Ferry. Productions. — The predominant forest tree is the pine, which is the source of considerable income in many parts of the town. There are patches of oak. chestnut, yellow birch, etc., furnishing some valuable timber and much lire-u 1. The farms produce grass, grain, potatoes, etc. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, and the smaller fruits, are grown with ease, while huckleberries, blueberries and blackberries grow wild in profusion. Animals.— Pickerel, perch and pouts abound in the ponds and brooks, and bass were introduced into Naticook Lake by the State Fish Commission in 1877. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Ducks are found along the Merrimack in the spring of the year; crows are omnipresent ; hawks reduce the number of chickens. Small birds till the groves with music, except where driven away by cats. Wood- chucks tempt the boys to break the state law on Sun- days. Foxes are numerous enough to give those who are fond of hunting plenty of exercise. Large num- bers of beautiful gray squirrels are killed every fall. Grasshoppers, potato-bugs and other insect pests ex- haust the patience and ingenuity of tanners, here as elsewhere. More dogs are kept than sheep, but whether with as much profit is not so certain. Many farmers keep a large number of cows, and dairy pro- ducts constitute an important source of income. There are some oxen in town, but farm-work is mostly done li\ horses. Pigeons were once an important source of income, some persons even acquiring considerable wealth by catching them and sending them to market. Now only a few are found where once were myriads. The method of catching them was to "bait" them in a certain spot called a " pigeon-bed," and finally, when they had come to expect a feast at that [dace, a large piece of cloth was spread on the ground at that point, food scattered as usual, and after the pigeons had alighted, the cloth was suddenly folded on itself, often securing several dozens at one time. CHAPTER II. No traces have been discovered of any inhabitants in this town prior to the Indians who were found here by the first white settlers. Indian relics, stub as arrow-heads, stone axes, etc., are -till occasionally met with, but even these are becoming rare, and soon all vestiges of Indian occupancy would be gone, were it not that Indian names remain and will forever remind us of the original owners of the soil. One of the locomotives on the Concord Railroad hears the name of t le grand old chieftain, Passaconaway. Merrimack, in the Indian tongue, signified "the place of strong current," though some writers give the less poetic meaning, "a sturgeon." Souhegan signified "the place of the plains;" Babboosuc, "the twins;" Mon- adnock, "the [dace of the Great Spirit." "Their memory liveth on your hills, Their baptism on your shore ; \ our everlasting rivers speak I beii lialect of yore. " Monadt I; on Ins forehca.l b Doth seal tin- sacred trust . Your mountains build theii monuments, Tl gh ye give the winds their dust." The manner of life the Indians led, their dwellings, anil means of living, have been so fully and accu- rately portrayed in the history of Nashua that we need not stop to consider them here. All the Indians between Lowell and Concord be- longed to the tribe of Pennacooks, and were ruled by the once powerful chieftain, Passaconaway. "His reputation for wisdom and cunning was celebrated among all the eastern Indians. Nor was be less renowned for his pacific spirit toward the white settlers. He was ever lor peace. He had almost unbounded inlluence over the Indians. They believed that he had secret intercourse with the mysteries "f nature ; that it was in his power t,, make water burn and the trees dance. They supposed that he had powei to i ban..' himself int. flame, and that be could darken the sun aud moon. In consequence oi these iupposed attribute-, the Indians looked upon him with wonder and veneration." In 1660 a great dance and feast was held, on which occasion Passaconaway made hi- farewell speech. He showed the superior power of the whites, and told them plainly that the time would come when the English would possess all the pleasant lands of their fathers. He prophesied that there would soon he a great war all over the country, and that the only way in which tiny could hope to he preserved, and keep some little land, was by keeping out of the war. " Hearken," said he, " to the last words of your fa- ther and friend. The white men tire sons of the morning. The (treat Spirit is their father. His sun shines bright upon them; never make war with them. Surely a- you light the fires, the breath of heaven will turn the flame on you and destroy you. Listen to my advice ; it is the last I shall be allowed to give you. Remember it and live." So great was his influence thatthe Pennacooks were ever friendly to the English, though they suffered equally with their fiercer brethren from the continual and unjust encroachments of the whites. Passacona- way is specially ;m object of interest to the people of Merrimack, because a portion of the northern part of the town was embraced in a grant of land made to him by the Massachusetts ( tcneral Court in 1662, and it is not improbable that here he spent the last days of his life. In 1669 the Pennacooks made an expedition against the Mohawks of New York, and were so badly de- feated that their power was destroyed. They had previously sent an invitation to Elliot, the apostle to the Indians, to come and preach to them, and they now moved to Patucket (Lowell), joined the Wame- sits and became " praying Indians." During the fearful scenes of King Philip's War they remained faithful, and often warned the English of approaching danger. The Indian outrages that made the lives of the early settler- of Dunstable one continual warfare for two generations, were not committed by the original inhabitants of this beautiful valley. They were the result of raids by Indians living farther north, anil especially in Canada, inspired by the jealousy of the French. Would that a remnant, at least, of the noble Pen- nacooks might have been spared to enjoy the Chris- MKBKI.MACK. 529 thin civilization they so heartily welcomed ! But it was ii"t destined to be. Unused to the arts and ways of the whites, their weakness ami inability to cope ai once with such unaccustomed i litions unap- preciated by the English, they failed to gain a foot- hold in the new life. The same unjust and unfeeling policy that has characterized our national treatment of the Indians was pursued toward the Pennacooks. They felt themselves in the way; they were bound out to service by public authority toavoid their becoming a public charge. Gradually they tailed away, until titer have ceased to exist. C II APTER III. MERRIMACK— I Continue EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The old township of Dunstable embraced Dun- stable, Tyngsborough, Hudson, Hollis, Nashua and portions of Amherst, Milford, Merrimack, Litchfield, and Londonderry. Some settlements were made within its limits as early as 1673, and in 1675, John Cromwell, a fur- trader, built a trading-house on the hank of the Mer- rimack, about a mile below Thornton's Ferry. He carried on a very profitable business for about four years, using his foot for a pound weight in weighing the furs he bought. But at length the Indians, not appreciating his business methods, formed a scheme to get rid of him; hut when they reached his abode the bird had flown; so they burned his house, and it was nearly half a century before another was built in Merrimack. The name of the first permanent settler is not known with absolute certainty, but it is supposed to have been Jonas Barrett, who, in 1722, built his house ami began to clear up a farm on the place now owned by Washington Warner. Soon after, William Howard, then a bachelor, settled on the farm now owned by Hazen Hodge. He planted the first orchard, and bis house ultimately became a resort for those who loved to pass a little leisure time in drinking cider. In 1724 occurred the first and only Indian skirmish known to have happened in this town. A raiding- party captured two men, Nathan Cross and Thomas Blanchard, who were manufacturing turpentine on the mirth side of the Nashua River. An alarm was given and a party of ten of the principal citizens of Dunstable started in pursuit, under the command of Lieutenant Ebenezer French. Pressing on too heed- lesslv, in their eagerness to rescue their friends, they were ambushed at the brook near Thornton's Ferry. Most of the party fell at the first fire, and the rest were pursued and killed, one by one, except Josiah Farwell, who escaped to receive his death-wound in Lovewell's fight, next year. Lieutenant French was overtaken and killed about a mile fr the scene of action, under an oak-tree, whose stump yet remains on the line between the farms ol C. A. Han-is and Amasa Estey. Cross and Blanchard were carried to Canada by their captors, but succeeded in securing their redemption and returned home. As early as ltioii a tract of land south of the Nati- cook had been granted to William Brenton by the Massachusetts General Court, whence the name " Brenton's farm," formerly given to the southern part id' Merrimack. In 172X, Brenton's heirs, and others who had pur- chased shares in the grant, organized and took meas- ures for opening it up for settlement, and new clear- ing- were rapidly made in Naiioiis directions. Among the early settlers were Hassell, Underwood, Usher, the Blanchards, Patten. Powers, Cummings, Temple, Lund, Spaulding, Chamberlain, Barnes, Tay- lor, Stearns, McClure, Auld, Bowers and Davidson. Benjamin Hassell settled on the farm now owned by Hugh McKean, and a daughter of his is said to have been the first white child born in town. Aquila Underwood lived near Thornton's Ferry, and Phineas Underwood kept the first public-house. John Usher settled on the farm now owned by George Lean, and was a justice of the peace. Cummings and Patten were the first deacons of the church. Captain John Chamberlain erected a saw and grist- mill, the first in town, at Souhegan Falls, in 1734, re- ceiving as an inducement a grant of three hundred acres from the Brenton proprietors. In 1734 the General Court of Massachusetts granted a town organization to Naticook, which seems to have embraced Litchfield as well as the southern part id' Merrimack, and for twelve years the people on both sides of the river elected town officers in common, erected the old meeting-house in Litchfield, and se- cured the services of Joshua Tufts, of Newbury, a graduate of Harvard, as their pastor, paying him a hundred and twenty dollars a year, and sixty dollars for settlement. Air. Tufts was ordained in Naticook in 1741, but left in 1741. U'n CHAPTER IV. MERRIMACK— (Continued). < ivil. HISTORY, 17C-71. N the vexed question of the boundary line between Massachusetts and New Hampshire was iinall\ settled, in 1741, it divided the town of Dun- stable, and various portions of it which fell to the share of New Hampshire applied to the Governor and Council of that province for new article- of in- coriioratiou. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The | pie of thai part of Naticook living west of the Merrimack petitioned for an act of incorporation for the territory lying between the Pennichuck Brook and the Souhegan River, bounded on the east by the Merrimack River and on the west by a line running due north from Pennichuck Pond to the Souhegan River. The petition was granted, and the people that inhabited or should inhabit the above-defined terri- tory were " declared and ordained to be a town cor- porate, and erected and incorporated into a body politic, and a corporation to have continuance forever, by the name of Merrimack." The act was dated April 2, 1746, which was there- fore the birth-day of the town of Merrimack. The following is a literal copy of the records of the first meeting under the charter: ■ Itaineeting ol the Inhabitants on March the Irl, 1746, Lawfully, Caiit. Jonathan ruining i lio-n M ...l.-i .it. .1 . I tli. meeting; Phinehas Undent t Ohose Town Clatk ; Phinehas Underwood, Mr. John Usher, Mr. ZecariahStarns Chosen Seleet n ; William 1 >.. t t.-n Chose Constable ; Ephriam Powers Chose Tithinmaii ; Jonas Barrat Chose Saviaet of High- ways; William Lnn.l ami Jonathan Powers Chosen tiel.l Olivers; .tames Kara and Timothy I mlerw .1 chosen fence veears; all which Persons was chose,, into the Respective offices as above, this ithdaj ol March, 1741'.. "Phinehas Underwood, Town Clark. '"Man .March the 4th, 1746. New Hamps. I "The above Persons was sworn to the faithfull deschargi of there Respective Offices before me, "Joseph Blanchard, Jtut Peeos. '■ Att the meting Before mentno.l, it was then Voted that the Comons in this Town he hi., /e.l t T . ■ ■ .mi v.-ai. ami that Kaeh Propr. Resi.lant ,„i unresidanton Ech Bftj Eacre o< imfenced Land h. iwi Beast, and in Proportion lor a Grate] Quantitj in this Town and unfe I, and iii as much as su I the Inhabitants of this Town has it Quantitj "i unfem I Lands to graze the whole of there stock, that in Consideration of there paying Taxes and assistance in the Charge i t the Town, thai thav have libarty to Graze all the Cattle and horses they have of thare own property, E.pile ami in the same mannei as if they had a .sufficient of the Coinoi, in the wn Rights, and that the Cattle aiel horses thus gni/.ed on the Comons he all Entered with the Clark, and that he have one shilling old tenor for Receiving and fileing sit- h list and Keeping them on tile "Phinehas Undebv, , Town Clarl The latter portion of the above record gives us a glimpse of the hardships and struggles of pioneer life. Think of turning cattle and horses loose to pick a living in the untouched forest, and of the daily anx- iety of mothers whose sons were " gone after the cows," exposed to the attacks of wandering savages and wild beasts and the many unknown dangers of the vast wilderness! ( >nc of the first things to be done by the town in its corporate capacity was to secure preaching of the gospel ; indeed, it was usually one of the conditions of the grants of lands and charters that "a meeting- house should be built and a learned and orthodox minister he employed." Consequently, in a few weeks after the reception of the charter, another meeting was held to choose a committee to "hire preaching and to order the place to have the preaching tit." The records for the next twenty-five years bear con- stant witness to their persistent efforts to build a meeting-house and settle a pastor, a work of so much difficulty was it to hew out homos for themselves in the forest, build roads and 1. ridges and establish what tin \ deemed necessities— church and schools. Rev. Daniel Emerson, of Hollis, preached for them occasionally, and a Mr. Cheever was hired to act as their minister for a time, the meetings being held at various houses in different parts of the town, and sometimes, very likely, in bams. A portion of the present town north of the Souhe- gan was granted to Pa-saconaway, as mentioned above, but it seems to have reverted to the province, for the same tract was embraced in a grant afterward made to the soldiers and the heirs of soldiers who had served in King Philip's War, whence these lands were known as the Narragansett townships. The proprie- tors organized in 1733 and arranged for selling their hinds to settlers, and the portion embracing Bedford and the northern part of Merrimack, named Souhegan East, had been settled to some extent previous to 1750. Iu that year the people of Merrimack sent in a peti- tion to the Governor and Council, representing "that their hind is very mean and ordinary, and therefore incapable of supporting such a number of inhabitants as will enable them to support the charge of a town without a further addition of hind and inhabitants. Wherefore, they humbly prayed that an addition might be made to the town of Merrimack, on the northerly side thereof, of a tract of land about three miles in breadth and four and a half in length." This petition was granted on the 5th of June, 1750, thereby ex- tending the boundaries of the town three miles farther north and completing its present limits. Tin- town records for the same year contain several items of interest. People then, as now, sometimes found the burden of life too great to bear; for Mary Badger was found dead, and the jury brought in the verdict that "she layed hands on herself and hanged herself till dead." There was the same lack of unanimity as now; for, under the date of November 12, 1750, the record reads — "We, the subscribers, do hereby enter our protest against joining nit!, the rest ol the inhabitants of the town of Herrymac as to Church Government. "Robert Gillmore, Patrick Taggard, John Thomas, Jonas Kinadaj John Morehead. "Phinehas Undeewood, Town CHari." This year they voted one hundred and twenty dol- lars for highways, twenty-eight dollars for preaching and one hundred dollars for a bridge over the Souhe- gan. Eleazer Blanchard was paid one dollar and sixty cents for ''killing one woulf." In 1753 forty dollars was voted for preaching, thirty for schools, which were to be kept in four different places to accommodate the people in different parts of the town, and a petition was sent to the General Court for authority to tax non-resident lands. In 1 7o5. Phineas Underwood was appointed "to take care that the deer in this town be not killed at an un- lawful season." A tax was assessed on non-resident hinds to build a meeting-house, eighty dollars voted for preaching, one hundred dollars for raising the frame of the meeting-house and Joseph Stearns was MERRIMACK. invited to settle as minister. The place selected for the meeting-house was about thirty rods south of Tur- key Hill bridge, very marly al the exad centre of town. The next year saw the realization of many long-de- ferred plans and hopes, in the erection of the building which was to serve for many years both as meeting- house and town-house. The building yet stands, long since disused, except for storage purposes. In 1763 the burying-place was cleared and fenced, and niie hundred and twenty dollars voted for a min- ister. At this period we find for the first time the word "dollars" used, the records previously desig- nating the amount of money in pounds. In 1764 three hundred and twenty dollar- were raised for highways. Two years later it was voted Dot to raise any money for school-. In 1767 a census was taken, with the following re- sult: Married men " " " 65 Hoys 98 Men over 60 8 Unmarried females 121 Married " 65 Widows 9 Slaves 3 Acres of arable land 377 Acres of orchards 19 Acres of pasture laud . r »4 Oxen 117 Cows 168 Young cattle 188 From time to time various persons were hired to preach, some as "supplies," some as candidates for settlement, but no permanent arrangement was reached Until, in 1771. a Congregational Church having been organized, the Rev. Jacob Burnap, of Reading, Mass., accepted a call which was given by the church and ratified in town-meeting. Mr. Burnap was twenty- three years of age, a graduate of Harvard, and a man of unusual ability, scholarship and prudence, — quali- ties which enabled him to hold the position until his death, a period of nearly fifty years. He lived on the place now owned by James Wendell ami reared a family of thirteen children ; but few of his descend- ants now remain in town. The names of the original members of the church were as follows : Jonathan Cummings, William Pat- ten, Ebenezer Hills, Jonathan Cummings, Jr., Jonas Barrett, Benjamin Hassell, Jacob Wilson, Thomas Barnes, Samuel Spalding, Henry Fields, Hannah. w ife of Jacob Wilson, Sarah, wife of Samuel Spalding, Rachel, wife of Thomas Barnes. Only fourteen church members in a population then numbering nearly five hundred ! A significant item for the consideration of those who believe that the gospel is losing its power. Tin- pastor's salary was, at first, fifty pounds per an- num, with seventy-five pounds for settlement, lawful monev. In this same year sixty dollars was raise. I for school- ing, to lie expended by the selectmen. The select- men were appointed overseers of the poor, ami we find the first record of a practice, which continued from time to time, of warning persons out of town, this being done to secure the town from the obligation to support them in ease of necessity, and to throw the responsibility on the town from which they came. Captain John Chamberlain wa- elected as the first representative to the i teneral Assembly. The wan-ant for the town-meeting is for the first time dated " in the County of Hillsborough." The meeting-house was not yet finished inside, and in 1773 the pew-ground was sold at auction, purchas- ers to build uniform pews at their own expense, the proceeds of the sale being devoted to finishing the building. ('II A.PTEB V. MERRIMACK— (Continued). REVOLT TIONAKY WAR, 1775 83. Jam \i:y 16, 1775, in response to a letter from the Provincial Committee, "Captain John Chamberlain wa- chosen as delegate to a convention at Exeter, for the purpose of choosing a delegate to attend a Conti- nental ( 'ongress to be holden in Philadelphia in May." Such was the first notice taken by the town in its of- ficial capacity of the great struggle for independence; but, doubtless, the subject had been thoroughly dis- cussed by the sturdy pioneers, so that when the time came they were prepared to act pr ptly. At this time the most prominent man in town was Edward Goldstone Lutwyche, an English gentleman ot' education ami a lawyer by profession. When the news of the battle of Lexington reached Merrimack, Mr. Lutwyche was colonel of the Fifth Regiment of the provincial militia, ami he was importuned by his officers and men to lead them against the enemy. This he refused to do and tried to discourage others from going. The result was that Mr. Lutwyche bit town between two days, joined General Cage, in Boston and was never seen in Merrimack again. The people, thus deprived of their natural leader, organized a town-meeting without waiting for any authoritj or even com]. lying with the usual legal forms, appointed a Committee of Safety and enlisted fifteen Minute-Men, who were literally to be ready to march at a minute's warning. New Hampshire furnished more than one-half of the men engaged in the battle of Bunker Hill, and eleven of them were from Merrimack. Town-meetings were frequent during the first years of the war, to raise money, enlist men, provide powder and aid in organ- izing the new form of government. In 177". the town united with Bedford in choosing Jonathan P.lanehard to represent them in the General ( longress of the province, whii h met at Exeter. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. In 1777 thi' town-meeting was called in the name of the government and people of the State oi New Hampshire. In 1788 the Articles of < 'oiif'edcrat ion were approv ed of by vote of the town, and their representative was instructed to vote to instruct the New Hampshire delegate in Congress to vote for the same. The rep- resentative was also instructed to vote for a conven- tion to form a State constitution. Solomon Hutchin- son was elected to represent the town in the » lonstitu- tional Convention which met at Concord. John Alld received a counterfeit thirty-dollar hill in paymentfor his services in the Continental army, and the town voted to give him thirty dollars of good money. When the Continental currency depreciated in value the town voted to pay Captain John Chamberlain sixteen hundred dollars for sixteen dollars due him, but they at first refused to vote a similar arrangement to make g 1 the minister's salan ; yet at a subse- quent meeting the vote was passed and Mr. Burnap was not starved out of town. In 1781, Simeon Cummings was elected delegate to the convention, and the constitution that had been formed was adopted with some modifications. In 1783, Jonathan Cummings was elected delegate, from which it appears that the constitution had not vet been satisfactorily modified. Meantime, the de- velopment of the internal affairs of the town was not neglected. In 1776 the selectmen wire instructed to "divide the town into school districts and proportion the school money among them." In 1777 it was voted io creel stocks and a whipping-post. In 1783 the school districts were authorized to ex- pend the scl 1 money. It is said that more than forty men from Merrimack served in the Revolutionary War, but it has been im- possible to find the names of more than thirty-eight, and of the following list it is possible that some did noi helong in Merrimack, the only evidence in some cases being that their names are given on the pay- rolls of the New Hampshire regiments as being credited to this town. REV0LUTI0NAR1 SOLDIERS FROM MERRIMACK David Allds (Lieul 1 ...■ I Mil-. Caesar Barnes, William Barron Capt. . Jonathan Barron, lugustus Blanchard (Capt.), John Combs, William Cook, John Con Ire H lliam Cowen (deserted), Abel Davis, Tl las Davis, James Dl kej Natl inii key, John Fields, John CHAPTER VI. MERRIMACK— {Continued). CIVIL HISTORY, 1784-1846. There is little of special interest to record for ian\ years after the Revolution. It was a time of peaceful development, with few changes of import- ance. In 1808 the care of the poor, which had for many years devolved upon the selectmen, was dis- posed of by selling them to the- lowest bidder, and this barbarous practice was continued for several years. It seems that there was an unusual amount of poverty in town at this period, for in 1815 it required fifteen hundred dollars to support the poor. In 1810 a step in advance in behalf of education was taken by appointing a committee to inspect the schools. The first committee consisted of Rev. Jacob Burnap, James Wilkins and Simeon Kenney. This was the beginning of supervision of schools. Il is a matter of curiosity to note that in L812, Daniel Webster had seventy votes in Merrimack foi representative to Congress, while bis competitor, John F. Parrot, had ninety-one! The best of people are liable to mistake-. In 1822 the town voted to give permission to the Universalis! Society, which had been organized, to use the meeting house one Sabbath in each quarter, and this practice was continued lor many years, with a gradual increase in the number of Sabbaths, until in a few years the Universalists occupied the house a fourth part of the time. In 1825 it was voted to give permission to any in- dividual, or individuals, who chose to do so. to place stoves in the meeting-house. This startling innova- tion was not without opponents, but the money was raised by subscription and the house warmed, chiefly through the efforts of Dr. Abel Goodrich and Dan- iel T. Ingalls. In 1826-28 the present district system was fully inaugurated by the institution of prudential com- mittees, elected bj the separate districts, with power to hire teachers, the latter being required to be ex- amined by the superintending committee. In this year we have the first and only notice of the Eastern Star Lodge, which was granted the use of the meeting-house for its installation ceremonies. A discount for prompt payment of taxes W as first ottered in 1827, and at the same time it was ordered that taxes remaining unpaid at the March meeting should besold to the highest bidder with power to collect. In 1829 was organized a second Congregational Church, styled the Union Evangelical Church in Merrimack, with Samuel II. Tollman as its pastor. It was composed of people dwelling in Hollis, Am- herst, Milford and Nashua, as well as in Merrimack, and the meeting-house was located in the village of South Merrimack, or Centerville. Voting bj cheek-list was first practiced in 1832. A p -farm was purchased in 1835, as a more hu- mane and economical method of earing for the poor, and in the following year it was voted to make it a house of correction also. The town farm was man- aged by an agent appointed by the town until 1868, when it was sold and the poor were ordered to be MKKKIMACK. cared for by the selectmen, with the proviso thai do one should be carried to the county farm contrary to his wish. Centennial Anniversary.— April ::. 1846, was a marked day in the history of the town, tor then was celebrated the one hundredth year of I In- town's cor- porated existence. A committee was appointed in town-meeting to make all necessary arrangements, and as the annual fast-day came on April 2d, the cele- bration was appointed lor the following day. Roberl McGaw was appointed president of the clay ; Nathan Parker and Samuel McConihe, vice-presidents; Joseph IS. Holt and Captain Ira Spalding, marshals. An able and interesting historical address was given by Rev. Stephen T. Allen, pastor of the First ( ihurch. A largo party of ladies and gentlemen took dinner at the hotel of .1. Nevins, after which there were im- promptu speeches by citizens ami gentlemen from neighboring towns, and letters were read from former citizens who ware unable to he present. A suggestion having been made that centennial trees be set out in the meeting-house grounds, a lew days later the fol- lowing persons assembled there and each set out a thrifty elm-tree, the numbers annexed to the trees in the diagram below showing, by tic corresponding numbers attached to the names of the persons, who planted each tree. DIAGRAM OF CENTENNIAL TREES. ; © 58 57 MEETING ; © 56 HOUSE. © ■ © ■ 44 46 46 47 48 4'.. § ■ Q ■ 37 G © ■' Q G - G © 28 ■j., 30 31 32 33 34 '" 36 G © Q G © •n 20 23 22 -'" 19 G Q © • 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Q ; Q © © • o G 9 8 7 6 * '' 2 1 s i i; i: t; r , No. 32. Charles \ iii» i 33. Stephen T mi,,, i Boyw a n P. Nti hi 36. Lewis i ampb, i, 31 3 pi, B Kevins 7 Alonsso M. Conine 9. Samuel Bai 10. James A IVIcKean. 11. David T Jones 12. Jacoh Burnap. 13. 0, s Chase. 14. Samuel C Nesmith. 15. Nathan Parker. 16. Henry Parker. it C, T Nouree. 38. Chi , \V. Campbell. ; McKean. ,n, McGilvray. , McGa« .Mi- Marj Rufuf CI 1 Mrs si bj I James II, ,1-. Ebenezer Boj William Wall William W. McKean. ■ t tli,,,, .' - Simeon Kenny, Jr. Mi- i ml, .'in ii Ki nil Elkanah P. Parki , I lard Walker. R it W. French. Kiel .I..-. i,h si,. s:. David . I,, iii's. 24. Reuben Barnes. 25. Henry U. Eaton. ■ir,. Shubal Weeks 27. Joseph II. Wilson. 28 James Parker. 30. Frederick A. Bartlett. 31. Samuel Campbell. School Matters.— Iii 1855 a movement was made in school matters which ought, to have been followed upuntilit developed into acomplete town organization. The superintending ami prudential committees were constituted a School Hoard auxiliary to the St ate Board, and required to hold a meeting for consultation pre- vious to the opening,,!' the schools. If, now, it bad been further required that no teachers should be em- ployed except upon examination in presence of this hoard, we might have had a civil service HI in this department of public service thirty years ago. -The trees marked ■ CHAPTER VI I. MERRIMACK -{Continued . In L860 the number of men enrolled in Merri- mack as capable of military duty was a hundred and fifteen. When the war opened, volunteers went from Mer- rimack, as from all the North, and in 1861 the town voted five hundred dollars to aid the families of volunteers. The following year a bounty of three hundred dollars was offered to cadi volunteer, and William T. Parker was appointed a c mittee to see that the money was properly applied and that the town should be properly credited for the nun sent. He was afterwards made military agent for the town, with instructions to keep the town's quota full, and at times was given full power to expend monej at his owu discretion. He served in this capacity through the r>:u HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. entire war wit li gnat efficiency and zeal, devoting r. i the business much of bis time ami energy, to the neglect of his private affairs, and never asked for a single dollar as compensation for his services. I he highest bounty paid was live hundred ami fifty dollars, and that was done by vote of the town. The whole number of men called for from Merri- mack was a hundred and twenty. Eighty-three citi- zens volunteered (one of whom was credited to another town), twenty-five citizens sent substitutes, nine substitutes were hired by the town, and seven citizens re-enlisted (one of whom was credited to another town), so that the whole number credited to Merrimack was a hundred and twenty-two. LIST OF VOLUNTEERS FROM MERRIMACK. I> As'iuitli, Ilaviil \s.|iiith, l':iviil Uw ], Natlianii-! e. Haiki-l'. .lulm Barnes, liilman Blood, George r Bowers, John II. Bowers, Charles L. Brighara, Henry F. Butte Id, Joseph Cady, William H. Campbell, Wallace Clark, Abel M. Colby, Henry Collins, Horace B. Corning (killed rge \\ . I'm:, -enlisted M ittl hi. key, Hugh Dolan, Peter H. B. Dolan, Edward A. Downi killed), R II Dnffey, ge W. mi is F, Flint, George w I lint, I ourtland Follansl li d rison), Charles G. Foot, Edward P, French, A. s Gardner, Gardner, Frank T. Gardner, Edwin Goodwin, Charles 0. aceS. Gould, Warren Green, Charles N. Green (re-enlisted stoned - tenant), JamesHale, Levi W. Hall, Richard sorted), David Henderson, Jr., James Henderson, William Silas P. Hubbard, 1'.. Ivison, John II. Jackman, Spence F. ,mas Law, Patrick Lee, Charles H. Longa, George B. Longa Fisl r.,si,i >l.-in>, iliul A. 51. elm. . -,n u- I M.i lm.-, I.iih.-M M.i li.'ir.- enlisted), Charles II M Gili rgi I Hi Girreraj Edward MoKean (re-enlisted), Rufus Merriam (killed), Charles \\ Morgan, James L. Nash, 'John P. Y. Nichols (died In camp at Concord), Groves- nor Nichols, Charles W. Pa r, Corwin J. Parker, Nathan A Parker, Thomas \ Parker, Henry C. Patrick (killed), John G. Reed, James \ Reed, George II. Bobbins, John L. Robbins, George V Savage, Orison Saij'lt'iM.ii, Ali-xHinliT S!i;a k.\ . I ..l. .o— .-il in llialM.nl, Mattlnw P. Tenm ni, rge W iley, Charles w ilkinson. CHAPTER VIII. MEKRIMACK— (Continued). CIVIL HISTORY FROM 1866 TO 1885. Until 1872 the old meeting-house continued to be used as a town-house ; but, though it was a1 the centre of territory, it was not at the centre of popu- lation of the town, nor was it adapted to the purpose of social gatherings, which constitute so important a part of the lite of a town; so, at the time above named, an appropriation of live thousand dollars was voted, which resulted in the construction of the convenient new town-house, located in Souhegan village, jus) south of the new meeting-house. It is used not onlj for town business, but also for social gatherings and the regular meetings of the various social and benev- olent organizations which havecome into existence in the past tew years. It i> also rented to traveling amusement companies at five dollars per night. The new town-house was dedicated January 1, 1873, on which occasion Rev. C. L. Hubbard gave an interesting account of the origin, development and results of the town system of New England, and Benjamin Ela gave a full and interesting history of the old town-house. In 1875 commenced the struggle for the abolition of school districts and the institution of a town system of management tor the schools. The change was voted down then, as it has been many times since, but the decreasing majorities of the school district party prove that in the end the town system is likely to triumph. In 1875 a receiving tomb was built in the cemetery near the new meeting-house at an expense of three hundred dollars. In 1879 it was voted, eighty-seven to twenty-seven, to suppress the sale of eider, heer and malt liquors, and this provision has been vigorously enforced ever since. " Prohibition does prohibit" in Merrimack at least. In 1880 the town received a legacy of $611.78 from the "Wheeler" estate, which was placed at interest, to be disposed of as the town may see tit in future. In 1883 a road-machine was purchased and the mad tax collected in money, so that " working out mad taxes" is a thing of the past. In 1884 the town came into possession of a legacy of sixteen thousand five hundred dollars from the estates of Joseph N. and Jane N. Gage, the income of which is to be divided among the districts in proportion to the number of school children in each, and Charles S. Nesmith was appointed agent to take care of the fund. In 1885 two thousand dollars was appropriated to enlarge the town house, the purpose being to render it more convenient for social gatherings. CHAPTER IX. MERRIMACK— (Continued). PRKSENT CONDITION (1885). Merrimack contains about a thousand inhabitants, mostly employed in agricultural pursuits, and, though much of the soil is not rich, the substantial farms and neat and comfortable houses show that the peo- ple get a good living. There are four small villages, — Reed's Ferry, Merri- mack (or Souhegan), and Thornton's Ferry, situated on the Concord Railroad, along the Merrimack River, and South Merrimack, situated on the Nashua and Wilton Railroad. Manufactories. — Stephen C. Damon's mill, on the Souhegan River, in the central part of the town, af- fords grist-mill facilities, and produces sawn lumber of various kinds. It employs two or three men. Rodney Hodgman has a saw-mill at South Merri- MERRIMACK. 535 mack, on the Pennichuck, and Mr. Stowell a grist and saw-mill at the northwest corner of the town, on the Baboosuc. David T. Jones runs a grist-mil] on the Naticook Brook, near Thornton's Ferry. Brick-making was commenced in this town by Eri Kittredge about forty years ago, the bricks being transported to Lowell and elsewhere by boats on the Merrimack River. The business is still carried on by his sons, Joseph Kittredge and Eri Kittredge, Jr., but the Concord Railroad now carries the bricks to mar- ket. This firm produced the largest number about ten years ago, when the product reached 2,200,000, selling for $22,000, and giving employment to over twenty men. The present product is about 600,000, selling for about sHUnn, and employing seven men. There have been several oilier brick-yards in town at various times, but all except the Kittri have been given up. Jerry W. Kittredge has for many years carried on the business of manufacturing over- alls, pants, jackets, etc., giving employment to a num- ber of ladies at their homes. The first use of the excellent water privilege at Souhegan was by Captain John Chamberlain, who built the first grist-mill and the tirst saw-mill in town. Isaac Riddle built mills there for the manufacture of cotton and woolen goo. Is and nails. He was burned out in 1818, rebuilt, and carried on the busi- ness until again burned out in 1829. Later, David Henderson carried on an extensive business in the mills which had been rebuilt, manu- facturing carpets, cotton and woolen g Is, etc. Most of the buildings were once more destroyed by fire in 1882, but fortunately the building occupied by Thomas Parker escaped. The Thomas Pabkeb Table Company, which has done a good business for many years, manufac- tures black walnut and chestnut extension tables and dining and office tables. Ten men are employed. The annual pay-roll amounts to lour thousand five hundred dollars; more than two thousand five hun- dred tables are produced, and their value is about fifteen thousand dollars. William M. West is the present efficient manager. Fessenden & Lowell are manufacturers of fish and syrup package-, cooper stock, and lumber. The partners are Anson D. Fessenden, of Townsend, Mass., and Levi F. Lowell, of Merrimack, N. H. This firm commenced business at Reed's Ferry in 1872, and gives steady employment to fifty men, and to a larger number at some seasons of the year. The annual product is 240,000 fish packages, 2,500,000 staves and 1,500,000 feet of lumber. Monthly pay- roll, $2500; capital invested, $65,000. Merchants. — There are three stores in town stocked with the usual variety of dry-goods, groceries, hard- ware, etc.,— Porter & Co., at Reed's Ferry; W. J. Ayer, at Souhegan ; and G. B. Griffin, at Thornton's Ferry. Hotels. — There is only one hotel, and that is kept by William Kennedy at South Merrimack; its prin- cipal income is derived from summer boarders. Professional Men. — There is but one minister per- manently located in town. Rev. E. A. Slack, pastor of the First Congregational Church; one physician,— Warren W. Pillsbury, who is located at Souhegan. No lawyer has been able to get a living in town for many years past. Town Finances.— 1 hiring the year closing March 1, 1885, there was expended for highways and bridges, S1227.17; for support of the i r, $83.50; for inci- dentals, $1234.55; for schools, $2070.27; Slate and county taxes, $2536.69. The town has $3872.07 de- posited in bank and has no debt. It has not been necessary to levy any tax for town expenses for several years, and consequently taxes are very light. Of the sum expended for schools, $454.23 came from the "Gage Fund," and about fifty per cent, more will be received from that source next year and hereafter, as the town received the income from it for only about eight months of the past year. The amount deposited in savings-banks to the credit of individuals resident in town may be inferred from the fact that the town received $2223.22 from the State treasurer as savings-bank tax. Public Schools.— The whole number of pupils en- rolled is about a hundred and seventy, all of whom study reading, spelling and penmanship, nearlj all Study arithmetic and geography, about one-half study grammar, and one-third United States history. There arc a few classes in drawing and vocal music, and here and there one or two pursue some High School study. The money is divided among twelve districts, and while some have thirty-six weeks of school in the year, others have no more than twenty, the aver- age being twenty-live and four-tenths. The methods of leaching used arc mostly the same as those of twenty-five years ago, and the results are as good as can be expected under the circumstances. Occasionally a teacher is employed who introduces the improved methods now adopted in the normal schools and in the better class of city schools, and some of the leading citizens of the town are earnestly working to secure a change to the town system, so that better methods may become universal. A goodly number of the young people of Merri- mack are pursuing High School studies at their own expense, eighteen of whom were enrolled at McGaw Normal Institute during the past year. Merrimack furnish, s two college students at present, and one student of medicine. CHAPTER X. MERRIMACK Continued). CHur.i ins. First Congregational Church.— This sketch of the history of the First Congregational Church of 5.;<; HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Merrimack is i iposed largeh of an extract from an address by the pastor, Rev. C. L. Hubbard, delivered .,, th< centennial celebration of the organization of the church, September 5, 1871. Alter speaking of the organization of the church and the settlement of the first pastor, wh have been described in the foregoing history, he "Inning tin- first hull-century of the church', .-xi-i. lik, that of any plai an among us, is remarkably uneventful. The usual proportion ot the iK.j.uU.ti I the mivn were received into its communion, there were the usual number of di-mis-i , and — mam I from it. pari of tin- line', at lca-l as appeals tioiu the 1 1 1. tie- to maintain the character of a I hristian - bers are Cited to appear and shew rail* why Ih'-i al~.-nt.-d Hi.-iiisel.es from public worship i brethren al varia are required to adjust their dltl.-len. '.-, a.. ..r.lihg I" the Mnptuial rule, and II i- actuallj the Case that several diffl. ulties are settled in tin- way , and its - commendable purpose to preserve its purity. "The balf-way covenant then had a place in the usages ..l the ..... recognized her-. A bn.-f account of it may be ..fuse. ]-, niuira! lner-ase and from iinliiigtiition from al.r-.ad, the class of persons in the colonies not qualified to profess i-li-ioii -.on I.e.. me numerous. Many of tbeln were highly respectable for their talents and general worth of character, and ii was fell to be a hardship that they should be deprived of the pnviL-e.- >.-.! Li - is around them, and especially that thej Bhould b. .1.-1.1. ■ i lie n-htot baptism tin- their "To obviate th lifflcnlties was the object ..I the ball-way covenant. It provided that all pel-sons of sober lib all- 1 I - iitiments. without being examined as to a change of heart, mighl I mi ■ church and have theii children baptized, though they did not partake of the Lord's Supper. "The time when this custom was given up cannot be accurately determined, but it was probably at the close ot Hr. Burnap's ministry in 1821, ■- \t the co.uinen. .111.-111 ..1 11 011.1 hall century, though the . uurch received accessions from time to time, il was redui ed to a verj low and }-i - .; 1 in- ondition. ■•Three . .in-.-- can be traced a- producing this,— M.,1,1 ,1 not in th had passed away, and the death oi the first pastol asioned the tj.-s that bind a chinch together. ■■ I I,. leg.nd that many b.i.l t.'l lln- their service could not I..-, . -i «.i- not, . coldness and dissatisfaction ell-lied. ••Then it was the fact that many of the lending citi/. 11- ..t tie town alienated from the church, and at this Ii ,1 I nuei-ali-l formed. •■In Isle the ...a was pa.-ed by the New llaliip-liii- I . 1 ,|,.„ 11. «,.,-,. ,, mli i-i ,1 in, apable ..1 raising mon. \ 1 .1 He- suppoii -1 . I hue, al e time when the pastoi was i. moved by death and many of the citizens were cold and indifferent to the claim n ligion upon them, the ' ' m.'l-- ihe experiment of voluntary Bupport, "The ensiling period ol eighteen \-ais ilrolu l.-'Jl e ot the gical— t anxiety to those who w-r- interested in maintaining the institutions ..1 the gospel. •■ In ls-J-J th. M. 1 inn 1. 1. beh.-e.u- Soei. IV "as ... nrill. :iu.l . oti-e ntly the observance of the ordinances of religion was irregular. But in 1825, having gained confidence in their ability to support a minister, thi church md Bociety called the Rei Stephen Morse, and he was installed as their pastor. ■-Ire, 1 tin- I lab- tie .1 _-M, 1 . -.il [ fill. >,il,l,.,Hi--rli. - d. d-s- lie.-. I by it- lie -tie .-1- '! in-li .1. Il- 11 I, l.il.e II... place ,,l tlie catechising ■■ 1 loU-lv .-ll-l Ill "And here allow me to quote tie alio, for more tilllll folty yea 1- e.. I - up, 1 ml, lei, Hi -Tie -, lb balh -ele „,1 h. 1- been generally well attended and ilit-l — ting, an. I tlie t., th.- ehur.-h have usually been from 11- ranks. 1 1 : M . el V. ■'The strength of the church and -...i.-ty seems not to have been ...n,, 1, „t 1,,, the work assumed . foi m 1828, three years all. rwards, ,,, He, I Hi M..i-, a.-king for dismission on the ground of inadequate support, and his request wn- grant.-.!. "Aftei this there was a long period during which the church had no settled minister and went 00 much as during the pret ious interregnum when a sum of money had I n raised by tax ..n the members of the soei.-u .,1 1,\ -iil.-inpti 01 nas ,,..ne.l 1 1" the Home Missionary -;,„ h-1\. il iva- expended in preaching; when the money wa.s exhausted Sabbath -•Hut there is .me thing that is worthy of special notice: whether Ihe,,. „;,. pre, ell. lie oil Hie Sabbutll "I ll"t. eight ' 111 1-1 CHI Illl-ll IlR't w.-ekly at the church and asked Hod to verify His promises to I belli, and revive His work in this pla... When we learn this fact wi u longer surprised that during this time that they were apparently for- saken their iiiaver- were being answered. "There i lis ious inb n -t in i onnection with the lab.u-s of the Rev. Mr. Hartley. Many Christian families removed to the town within this time, and tie- affairs of the church began to mend. ■•In Is.;: ill. |, i.s. in house oi worship was erected. This was a ...ntage in three particulars,— ■-1 [t afforded a suitable opportunity foi tin reorganization of the "2. It led i" . reorganization ol Ihe Religious Society, many uniting with it who had previously been in. -ml. -is ..f a different ■-.;. ii. ■ broughl ... arei th ntn ol population, as South Merrimack had been detached from tin- parish in 1829. "All this time their efforts to obtain a minister bad not been - and in 1839 lie- Rei Stephen T. Allen became Hen pastor, a relation that I., sustained to them for ten years ■■Tie- period ..1 tin- past.. nil,- wa- naturally the tine- for putting things in ord.-r. and Mr. Allen seems t,, have 1 n eminent'; fitted foi this work, "In addition to his pi ..per ministerial labors, he contributed largely to the development of Hi cial lib- of tin- town ; he wa- an active and iiitiiienti.il friend of tie- cause of education ; he was a strong atel earnest ii.ho.ate ,.t lli. l.-inp.-i \. .in-lit. and ilium- hi- connection with them He- . Ii in . h was generally harmonious and pi. -p.- - •■ In 1849, on account ..f ill health. Mr. Allen wa- Ir-iiir— .1. and was -.. led within -. few ith_ l>. the Rev. E. G. Little. During his ministry tie ehur.-h enjoy-d the lu-t widespread revival in its history. Com ncing in November, 1851, withadeeper interest in mi- en. I :. lull, i . i u.-i.. l.i ie - upon th,- publii services oi the house of I all classes and extended to all parts of the town. As Hi, ,ii, i and mini,. dial. I. -lilt, mole than seventy were, ill a short time. added to the church, of whom more than forty were beads ..I '. li.~ ■ Bui Ho- p. i I urge in 1854, and. tie- next year, was follow-.! by tie l;-v. K.lwni .1 Halt. Mr. Hart was eminently faithful a.- a pastor, and well qualified to a-sist those win. II... I ie, elltlj . Ol.lllielli ed Hie 1 111 ls.tl.lll life. . ,. mi,,,. i was continued throughout the period of his ministry, and the church received large addit - to its members and ■ el id. • i lies- hl-l H -I'M- -. Ill to liaV. I II the light » tO C to this church, and to Inn- com- at the right times. ■•Mr. All-n busi-.l binis-lf with tin- outward relation ol i Iim-chum and exhibited the gospel in its concrete forms, "Mr. Little l-.l m-ii fi-m He- contemplation of these thin-- to Jesus Christ as the sour.- of all g I and light. "Mr. Hart was eminently qualified to guard and help Hi-, aim. I, p. serve Christ, would n t with iniiiM Ii tntlitul counselor."' Mr. Hart closed his labors lure in 1865, impelled by luck rat' pecuniary support and ill health. Rev. .1. II. Bates supplied the pulpit for a year or two, and in 1868, Rev. C.G.Hubbard was installed as pastor. Mr. Hubbard, though fresh from the completion ot his studies, rapidly developed the characteristics of an effective minister. A series of meetings was held under the' auspices ui the Young Men's Christian Association, and re- MEKRIMACK. 537 suited in a great quickening of the church and the addition of many new members. This work was successfully continued by the pastor, so that there were almost constant additions, and at the same time he was a strong temperance worker, did much to elevate the public schools of the town, was a leader in the social life of the town, and by tie- strength and attractiveness of his sermons drew in a larger congregation than had ever before attended public worship. In 1878, Mr. Hubbard resigned, much against the wishes of the majority of the people, and, after several vain attempts to secure a settled pastor, Rev. Kingsley I-'. Norris consented to serve for a time as acting- The work of Mr. Norris was essentially evangelistic in its nature, ami resulted in the conversion of a large number of young people ami the establishment of a young people's prayer-meeting at Reed's Ferry, which still maintains a vigorous life (188-5), and is all the prayer-meeting that is regularly sustained by the church outside- of the Sunday services. Mr. Norris resigned in the spring of 1881, and Rev. I, L Slack, the present pastor, was installed in the autumn of the s:ime year. Tlie chief characteristic of Mr. Slack's ministry, so far, has ben steady, persistent, earnest, hard work, and it results in steady additions to the church, four- teen having united with tin- church during the past year, mostly on profession of faith. There are at present about two hundred names on the church-roll, about forty of whom are non-resi- dents. The following persons have served as deacons in the First Church: Jonathan Cummings, William Patten, Jonathan Cummings, Jr., Aaron Gage, Jr., Solomon Danforth, Benjamin Nourse, Augustus Lund, Daniel Ingalls, Robert McGaw, Joseph Wil- son. Robert I'. French, Harrison Eaton and Thomas Parker. The present incumbents are Matthew P. Nil hols. Francis A. Gordon and John Wheeler. The superintendents of the Sabbath-school have been as follows: Robert McGaw, Harrison Eaton, Nelson H. Brown anil P. II. Weston. The present superintendent is Francis \. Gordon. The new meeting-house has been repaired and modernized from time to time until now it is a very convenient and comfortable place of worship. The latest improvement was introduced in the fall of 1884 and consisted of a hot-air furnace with ventilating flues, which has entirely removed the nuisance of -moking stove-pipes, and warms and ventilates the Union Evangelical Church in Merrimack.— This church was organized October 29, 1829, and was com- posed of persons living in Merrimack, Mollis, Am- herst. Milford and Nashua. The same year a meeting-house was built al S mth Merrimack. The lirst pastor was Res. Samuel II. Tollman. He was succeeded by Rev. John W. Shepherd in 1*44. Since the close of Mr. Shepherd's pastorate no minister has remained with this church for any length of time, its financial ability being too limited to furnish an adequate support. A Sabbath-school has been kept up most of the time, especially through the summer season. CHAPTER XI. MERRIM ICK— {Conti I . M'oAU NORMAL INSTITUTE. Tut: establishment of schools for the professional training of teachers marks the beginning of therecog- nili f teaching as a profession, ami was an impor- tant advance in the elevation of the human race. The lirst Normal School among English-speaking people, of which we have any record, was established ai Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1830 ; the next, at Milan, Ohio, two years later. In 1849 then- were only eight in the whole of the United States, three of which were in Massachusetts, and none in New Hampshire. Now there are two hundred and thirty-three within the limits .,f the Union, and many of them are doing a grand work. It was in 1849 that Professor William Russell, an alumnus of Glasgow University, and celebrated as the greatest elocutionist in the country, desired to devote himself more directly to the work of training teachers. Fortunately for this slate and town, he found in Merrimack men who could appreciate his idea and win. wen- willing to help in its realization. The Charter.— In the records of the New Hamp- shire Legislature lor 1849 we find the following: "Sec. 1st. Be it enacted by the Senate and House oi Representatives i„ General Court convened: That Rob rl McGa* Nathan Parker, Elkanah I'. Parker, Matthew P Sicholsand Nathan Parker, junior, and their associates, successors and assigns, hi .mi an hereb] madeabody an. I l.\ liiat ii. nil. tua\ -,,■ ami I"- -ii<-'l. j.r,,-,Tiit.- ami ,],-tend in final pal^m, lit ami y all On- J.ri vile-. ■> an. I Herri K, in th tj of Hill- igh, l instruction ... youth ,,, 1 nie teachers oi common -, Ih.mI, f.,i rlmn a|.|,r,.|„iate duties ; may erec t, maintain ami "« ii -iniaM. l.uil.lin-- tln-i.-ln . ami may hold real ami i .,,1 property to .my amount not e\ ding thirty thousand dollars. • •ski :i.l i:..l.-it M.i.au, Klkauali l' Parker and Matthew P . i them, ma) call th, firel o | ol saidcorpora- i , i„ i„. i,, ,i,i,.,, ai -.. -uiiaM,. tim,' ami pliua- iii said town of Merri- mack, bj causing a notification thereof to be posted up in some public place in said town „f Minima, l., ntt.-n .lay- |,ii,,i t,. th.- tin,.- appoint,-! lb, holdinc said meeting, a( which, oratsome future meeting duly called and holden, said corporation may adopt such constitution and by-laws, not inconsistent with the laws ,.i this Stat, , a- thej may consider neces- .. nt of their estate and funds, and for HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tli'- '111'.' ..i.l.'i int. I -oven nl of their in-titntioti, ami may appoint or ' b "1' i' officers .ut'l agents as tiny may think proper, ami prescribe their duties, ami may hold their Corporate plupei tv a. tnally rinp]'.y-l ; ition. "Sec. 4th. The Legislature may at any time alter, amend or repeal (t| i i" i " i '''!'■ \lm, in i ] i. -i i .i|.ii i ion, in imi.lii ; aiay require it "SEC. 5th. Tin- art shall lake .11." I fro '•Sam'L If. Aim. ' .S/'. ,. >,,,f.,ti,r> "Wa I'. Weeks, President of II,,' Senate Approved .Inly .11,. ls-l'.i 1'IN Acting aa authorized above, the stockholders ganized August 22, 1849, with Robert McGaw president and Matthew I'. Nichols as secretary . treasurer. The stock was divided into thirty-one shares of ime hundred ami eighty-two dollars each. The following is tie: list ut' the original stock- hi, hlers ami the number of shares held by each : Simon Kenny, Jr., 1 share ; Eri Kim-edge, 1 share; William Head, 1 share; Matthew 1' Niehols, 2shares: plkanah 1' Parker, 1 shares; Nathan Parker, a -hales; ];,,|,ert Met law, 1" -hates; Robert W. Kletl' h, 1 Shale ; .lesse Parker, - -hare- ; Thomas Parker, J share- ; .lane- Parker, 4 shares. The building was erected during the -initio' all ,i summer of 1849 by Asa 0. Colby, of Manchester. The contract price was four thousand-six hundred and fifty dollars, l.in - • 1 1 ; 1 1 1 - . - and additions increased the contractor's hill to nearly live thousand dollars, and subsequent improvements raised the total est t,, six thousand dollars or more. lite edifice consists of a central portion forty feet square and three stories bigh, and two wings, each thirtj feet square and two stories bigh, together with suitable out-buildings. It contains fifty rooms, ami affords convenient accommodations for thirty boarders. Professor Russell opened school August 27, 1849, and enrolled sixty-five students the first term. The total number of different students during the first year was a hundred and forty-four, of whom forty- two were in the teachers' class, and twenty of these taught school during the winter of 1849-50. The rules were few ami simple. The us,- of pro- fane language, of intoxicating beverages and tobacco, playing at cards or dice, and turbulent and noisy actions within the building were .strictly prohibited, ami punctuality was required. The boarding department was managed by Mr. and Mrs. John Wheeler, under whose administration the building was crowded to its utmost capacity, there being at times sixty roomers and eighty table boarders. Prices were low,— hoard, including everything but washing, being only a dollar ami a half per week, and tuition five dollars for English and seven and a half dollars for foreign languages, per term often weeks. flie reputation of Professor Russell and the excel- lence of the work a mplished drew a still larger number of students the second year. Tin largest enrollment in the history of the institution was at- tained in the spring of 1861, the number then being i, ne hundred and eight. Yet, with all this prosperity. Professor Russell must have found it difficult to pay his assistants and sup- port his family, and so we are not surprised to learn that his health failed, and he removed to Massachu- setts. The stockholders seem not to have untlerst 1 that a school of this character could not be so managed as to make it pay like an ordinary business enter- prise. The treasurer's hook shows that Professor Riis-ell paid three hundred dollars rent the first year, and the second year rent was received amounting to $311.64; $206.82 was paid during the third year. Afterwards the records are not clear, but it is evident that whatever was received for rent was expended iii repairs ami improvements, for in 1852 it was voted "That the Directors shall not expend any more money than the earnings from the building of the .Merrimack Normal Institute. 7 ' And so, after receiving two small dividends of two and a half and four dollars per share, respectively, all hopes that the stockholders may have entertained of getting pecuniary return for their investment vanished into the air. Yet, one man at least did not abandon the school, for during this same year philosophical and chemi- cal apparatus costing $275.50 was placed in the building by Robert McGaw. The records do not show how long Professor Rus- sell remained; but it appears that John W. Ray paid the rent in 1852, and Joseph Cushman and H. J. Patrick in 1853, during which time the attendance was good, ranging from fifty to eighty. In the summer of 1853, Harry Brickett, A. M., be- came principal. Recommenced with twenty students, but the number increased to -even ty -two in the spring of 1854, after which time it rapidly decreased, and it is probable that Mr. Brickett soon left, as the record of students here closes with twenty-six students in the summer of 1854. There is a record of twenty students in the spring of 1855, but the name of the principal is not given. About this time Levi Wallace, a former student, had charge of the school tor a while. In 1859 there is recorded a fall term with thirty students, under Samuel Morrison, principal. Some time titter, a Mr. Brown, who is now agent for Oberlin College, carried on the school for a brief period. Evidently, an unendowed academy could not be sustained here, encompassed as it was on all sub- bj similar schools with more or less endowment. In 1865 an attempt was made to establish a school of an entirely different character. The property was leased to Rev. S. X. Howell for ten years for the nominal sum of one dollar, he ague- MERKIMACK. in- to establish a school of a grade sufficiently high to prepare students for college, and to keep the build- ing in repair at his own expense. Mr. Howell named his school the Granite State .Military and Collegiate Institute, introduced military tallies and military discipline, charged a high price ; and, while the rage for military schools, generated by the war, lasted, the school was a success, securing an attendance of thirty or more boarding pupils, hut be- fore the lease expired the number had diminished to one solitary pupil ; so the lease was canceled, and the building rented for tenement purposes. The institution now seemed dead beyond the pos- sibility of a resurrection; but it is sometime- "dark- est just before day." In 1872 died Robert McGaw, the earliest and stanchest friend of the school, and his will provided an endowment of ten thousand dol- lars, with these conditions, — 1st. That the name shoul.l !'■■ clian-eil to M-Oaw X'-i inal Institute, implying that the character of tin- school should he restored, as nearly :,, i„>--ibl.\ I- uhal il was ivh.-li stalteil l.y I'l. .lessor ltussell 2d. That in case the work of the school should be interrupted for two years, the endowment should ^o to Itartinouth College. It was Deacon Met Jaw's purpose to make it possi- ble for the people of Merrimack to have a good High .School hut to throw on them a part of the responsi- bility of sustaining it, believing that such a relation of mutual dependence and helpfulness would be better than to make the school entirely independent. Edward P. Parker became president of the cor- poration, and Francis A. Gordon treasurer; the con- ditions of the will were accepted, and the citizens of Merrimack were invited to assist in opening and sus- taining a school. Certain persons responded heartily to this appeal, but the apathy among the people generally was so discouraging that the stockholders determined to proceed independently. The income from the endowment and rents, amounting to some twelve hundred dollars, was expended in putting the building in good repair, and in the spring of 1875, Bartlett II. Weston was in- stalled as principal. He received six hundred and fifty dollars per year and the free use of the building, together with wdiat he could get from tuition fees. He opened with twenty-nine students, and the num- ber increased to forty-eight the following winter, after which there was a falling off until the spring of 1879, when Mr. Weston resigned. The average enrollment during his last year was a fraction less than twenty-five. The next principal was Elliot Whipple, who was employed in June, 1879, on the same terms as Mr. Weston, except that he received only four hundred and twenty-five dollars per year from the income from the endowment, it being the desire of the stockholders to reserve something for repairs. Mr. Whipple began with twenty-three students, and his average enrollment the hist year was a frac- tion over twenty-five, which number increased to about forty in 1883 and 1884, the largest number en- rolled in any one term being fifty in the winter of E884. The following year more teaching force was provided in the expectation ot an increased attend- ance ; but notwithstanding the fact that the students now had the full time and energy of three regular instructors, the attendance fell off so that the averagi enrollment for the year closing April 24, 1885, was only about thirty. The report of the State superintendent of public instruction for 1884 shows that of New Hampshire's fifty academies, only ten havea larger attendance than McGaw Institute. Since .Mr. Whipple took charge the following per- sons have graduated : From the four .wars' course: John V I base, of Litchfield; EsaacN Center, ol Litchfield; Clara - Kittredge, of Merrimack, from the in- < , Ii.l I \\iii. I Hudson; Walter E. Kittredge, of Merrimack; E. Monroe Parker, -.! M. iinua. k . Italian W. Whipple, ol Merrimack; Sherman It, .1.1,-, -l ]'. It> ■ mi , su.ih »'. Moiiltun, ..I Merri- mack. Front Mi-- '«■ y.-.ir- ...in-.-: .I.iiiii.- I i;ili.ii. ,.t Merrimack: 1 dd . M .1 lis., \ illinmlii-rlanil , Hunt E. II. ndi i ion, I Merri mack; i. no- V Tin-ell. ..f Ootistown ; Maud Whipple, of Merrimack ; Emma It. Winn, --t Hudson. (M these, four tire continuing their studies in higher institutions and nine arc engaged in teaching. A hasty glance ai the list offormei students reveals the names of several who have honored the institu- tion by what they have done in the world. Among them we notice Mark Bailey, professor of elocution in Yale College; Hon. Daniel Barnard, of Franklin, N. H.; Joseph Cushman, afterwards one of the prin- cipals of the school, now deceased; Levi Wallace, afterwards principal of the institute and now a law- yer in Groton, Mass.; John Swett, for many years superintendent of public instruction in California : Mrs. 11. N. Eaton, of Merrimack, a poetess and writer of considerable ability; Walter Kittredge, of Merri- mack, who sang in company with the Hutchinson family many years, and now travels, giving musical en- tertainments alone, also is the author of "Tenting on the Old Camp-Ground," of which one hundred thou- sand copies have been sold, " No Night There/' "The Golden Streets" ami numerous other pieces; John Pearson, of Pennacook ; John Goddard, of New York Rev. John W.Lane, of North Hadley, Mass.; Eugene W. Bowman, city clerk of Nashua; Granville Web- ster, sub-master in the Elliot School. Boston. CHAPTER XII. M ElilUMACK— ( Continued). CIVIL LIST. SELECTMEN. ItKl'RESENTATIVES, ETI [Th.- uril.-rof names indicate- tie rink a. first, -■-'■ I or third sell man. No representative was elei ted t"r several t;io —I'h i Hi-has I'nil'-nv I. .1. ih ii l'sher,ZechariahStet HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1747. — p, Undent 1, /. Steams, William Lund, 1748.— Captain Jonathan Cunmiings, P. Under* I, William Patten, selectmen. 17 i-i. — 1». Vll.I.-lW.m.l, -I, Cullllin, 17.-, nl.lw.ll. Janes Minot, W. AIM. sele. tine 1760.— J Blanchard, John Mi . len. I.. Timothy Tail. 1761 -Same as prei - year. 1762.— Samuel Caldwell, J. Blanchard, Samuel Spalding I. 1763.— Edward G. Lutwy.be, Thomas Km in-«. Benjamin Baxter, selectmen. 1764._Samu.-l Caldwell, J Blan. hard, Thomas Vickere sele. 1765.— Same a- previous veal ||,|.1\ IV M-, Captain TlioinaS Barnes, 17117. —S. Caldwell, .1. Chamberlain, Captain William AIM, selectmen. 17,-,S._ S. Cnldw.-ll. I I li.i...l.-i lam. Solomon IIllleliitiM.il, -I.-. tmen. 1769 -J. i hamherlain, s Hub binson, S Caldwell, selectmen. 1770.— W. All.l. S Spalding, Jonathan I ummings, Jr., -. I nen. 1771.— John Neal, Hugh Ramsey, John McClench, selectmen; John . i, an. I., i lam, representative. 177-2. J. Neal, II. Ramsey, Augustus Blnueliar.), sc|e,i,,„ n ' ..; n William All.l, elms- ii \n".u-i, pi,.l,.ililv t.i fill a vaeaue.v. 1773.— A. Blanchard, Colonel Elien.-zer Ni.li-.1~, Captain J. Chamber- 1.,,,, Field-. -1 1--. Ill 1 . Captail 1774— .1. Neal. Captain T. Barnes, 177.'.- I'apt.i .iiiil.erlain, Jacob 51. Caw, siinei.n Cuiiunings, M-leetnien ; Captain .1. Cliiilul.erlaiii . I Jacob McGaw, delegate to the New Hampshire Provincial Congress. 1776.— J. Neal, S miogs, William Wallace, selectmen; Matthew Patten, representative. 1777.— Augustus Blanchard, S Cummings, H. Fields, selectmen; Captain Samuel Patten, r.-pie-.-!itati\ . l.-r Men una. k an. I Bed!, e.l 177S.-S.Cul ings, II. Fields. Captain T. Barnes, sele. tiii.-n ; Lieu- tenant John i in-, of Bedford, representative for both towns. 1779.— S. Hutchinson, s. Cunimings, Ebenezer II, Wjseli.an flaggelr, repi.-s.-iilatii e for Merrimai 1, and Bedford - Hutchinson, II Fields, Timothj Taylor, selectn 1781.— Captain Stephen Wilkins, Captain William Barron, Ensign Benjamin Vickere, select n; Jacob McGaw, representative for Merri- mack and Bedford. 178''.— Captain S. Wilkins, Captain W. Barron, Ens. B. Vickere, select- , l.e hi lit John On, of Bedford, representative. 17s:-. s. in mining-, Matthew Tlioll.t Salmi. 1 1 ■'. st.-i . .-l.-cti 17SL— Timothy Taylor, .1. M.-Gavv, Marsten Fields, s. I.-. , I ,,,,.-- Martin, ,,l Bedford, l.-pi .-entativ.-. I7-S...-S Cummings, -I McGaw, T. Taylor, selectmen; T Taylor, \\ . B.nioii, representative. 1787.— J. McGaw, E. Parker, Jothan) Gillis, select n. 1788. — E. Parker, Lieut. Walker, Solon Cayloi n i — ntative. 1789.— E. Park.-r, S. Danforth, James Gilmore, Samuel McKean, .la - Combs, five selei tmen being 17'in .-Samuel M, K. -an, Ilea. on Aaroli Cag-, Samuel Spalding Jr., selectmen ; T. Taylor, representative. 1791.— S. McKean, s, Danforth, -I. Gillis, selectmen. 1792.— S. McKean, S. Danforth, Jams ibs, selectmen. Danforth, .1 Combs, J. Gillis, selectmen; T. Taylor, repre. 1794 Same as prev ious year. 17,,, s,.i,.,. IMI en satin- ; .1. Mii.au, representative. L796 Select n same . Captain .lames Tl... niton, repres. ntative mings, representative. ]7'.1S.— Selectmen same Samuel I'o-lei, repi.-entalive. 17.1,.. _S Iiantoitli, -I Coiul.s, Cornelius Barnes, selectmen; S. Foster, Is. ii, - Same as previous year. ,.,,iil Samuel Cotton, Captain James Lund, Lieutenant Henry Field-, selectmen ; S. Foster, representative. lsn-J.-S. Hanfortli.Capt. J. I.uii.l, Deac.ti P.enjauiin Nourse, selectmen ; s Foster, repres ntative - I , ..,,!,, ith, I.ieut.-iiaiit .l.-lin Aiken, Deacon II. Nourse, select- men : S foster, represelllative. lsol. — Same as previous year, L805 Simeon Kenney, B. Nours.-, Daniel [ngalls, selectmen; S. -illative. 1 -,„. Sele, tmen same , .1. Thornton, representative. 18.17.— S. Kenney, B. Nourse, Nathan Parker, selectmen; Samuel McConibe, representative. 1808.— Deacon S. Danforth, S. Kenney, Robert McGa Thornton, representative. 1809, S. Kenney, S McConibe, Captain Samuel Fields, .1 I'll, anion, representative. I -in s Kenney, Captains. Fields, Lieutenant Samuel Barron, select- men; .1 Thornton, representative. 1811. — S. Kenney, Lieutenants. Barron, Cosmo Lund, selectmen; Daniel [ngalls, representative. 1-1 j Selechii.ii same ; J. Thornton, representative. 1SI:'..— Selectmen same ; H. Fields, representative. l-il i ., -i in, l.uud, Aaron Gag.-,.li , s, ,1, ,m, ,n lisnl, ,i ih. dr., selectmen i H. Fields, representative. 181,",.— Selectmen same ; D. Infills, representative. 1816.— C. Lund, A. Cage, Thomas McCalley, selectmen; D. Ingalls, representative. 1817. s.-ie. iuieii sa ; Aaron Gage, Jr., representative. Isl.s \ .,.,-,, dr., S Kenney, .lolin Cotiaut, selectmen; A. Cage, .,-1 i, , ni.,i, -.. 1819.— Abel Goodrich, S. Danforth, dr., T. McCalley, selectmen; A. Gage, representative, 1820.— A. Goodrich, S. Danforth, Jr., Robert McGaw, selectmen; i . ntative i- i i Lund, D. Ingalls, Samuel Barron, Jr., selectmen ; A. Gage, .' ilkins, selectmen ; A. Gage, representative. 1823.— Same as previous year. 1824.— S. Kenney, S. Barron, Jr., I. Wi l.aei 1825, \ Gage, Jr., 1. Wilkin-, Martin Crooker, selectmen; Henry 'I ntative. 1826.— Iiaiii.-l 1.. Herrick, L. Wilkins, John P. Wallace, selectmen ; H. T. [ngalls, representative. 1827 - I- W ilkins, M. Crooker, Thornton, representative, ls-s M. Cooker, S. Barron, dr., Francis Odall, selectmen; J. B. Til. .niton, representative. [829. Sam, a- previous year. 1830 M i ker, Olivei Spalding, Jr., James McCalley, selectmen j .1. 11 Thornton, i.-preseiitative. 1831.— 0. Spalding, Jr., .1. McCalley, Jonathan Joseph Litchfield, i, p., -em. urn- is -,_■ -same a- pp-Vloils Voir. selectmen ; James Sele. HI, ell . \i Crooker, Francis Odall, selectmen; Samuel David Jones, .!,,-, pi, N Gage, selectmen; S. Levi Wilkins. I, lard Kendall, selectmen ; S. Barron, dr., Spalding, Jr., representative. i-'.-i ,, Mm laud, Ephraiin W. Livingston, Leonard Walker, select- men ; F. Odall, representative. 1840.— L. Walker, E. W. Livingston. U.Spalding, Jr., seleci n. F. Odall, representative. 1-11 li Jones, Elkanah P. Parker, William McKean, selectmen; K. McGavi , representative. I, ling, John Gilson, Jr., Edward Wheeler, selectmen , I.. Walker, representative. MERRIMACK. 1*43.— W. McKeaii, E. P. Parker, Joseph B. Holt, sele Walker, representative 1844. _.i. b. Holt, 1> Jones, Daniel Moor, Jr., eelectme 1". Parker, representative. 1845.— D. Jones, D Moore, Jr., Daniel T [ngalls, selectu Parker, representative 1840.— D. Moore, Jr., D. T. Ingalls, James Parker, selects T. Jones, representative, 1847.— W. Melvean, J. Parker, Ira Spalding, selertme Dai i 1S4S.— W. MeKcan, I. Spalding, i;..h.n W. French, -eh-ctiiien : J. 15. Holt, representative, L849.— E. W. French, S. Kenney, John I- Bowers, selectmen; J. B. Holt, representative. 1850. — S. Kenney, J. L. Bowers, Francis A Chamberlain, selectmen; R. McGaw, representative. 1851.— Alexander McCally Wilkins, F. A. Chamberlain, Elijah P. Parkhurst, selectmen , W McKean. representative. L852.— A. M. Wilkins, E. P. Parkhui~t, Benjamin Ki-M-i, - le. tin. n , John Bayers, representative. 1853.— A M Wilkin-, B Kidder, Nathan Parker, selectmen ; D T. Ingalls, representative. 1854.— A. M. Wilkins, N. Parker, Ward Parker, selectmen ; D. T. Ingalls, representative, 1855.— John Wheeler, Smith E. Fields James Hay, seleetmen ; Siine..ti K.ninj, Jr., represent, ( ti\e. 1856.— S. 1- Field* I Ha: M -" ;i I: Spalding, selectmen; \. M Wilkins, representative. 1857.— David Jones, L'homas Parker. A hiel Holt, selectmen ; Harrison Eaton, representative. 1858. — D. Jones, T. Parker, Abner C. Darrah, selectmen; II. Eaton, representative. 1859. — x. Parker, A. C. Darrah, Jeremiah Woods, selectmen; William T. Parker, representative. lstin. — E T. I'arkhnr-I, (Imi-r [•'. Spaldum, Israel 0. ' roi>k* t, >..-]• < t- nieii ; W. T- Parker, representative. isr,l.— G. F. Spalding, Ward Parker, V. C. Darrah. seleetmen ; S. Ken- Dej . fi [kv-... niative. L862.— Ward Parker, J. Wheeler, Franklin Ilerrick, selectmen; El- kanah P. Parker, representative. is.;;;.— J. Wheeler. F ILrriek. Sumner Morgan, sele. t I i 1 Parker, represeni itiv* PM4.-J Wheeler, F. Herrick, David Jon. -, selectmen; E. P. Parker, 1865.— John L Spalding, Ward Parker, Kri ICitrredge, »■}.; (men ; i;. P. Parker, representative. I st;*;. — -S. Kenney, Ward Parker, lv Kittredge, selectmen ; eouhl not agree on a representative lsc,7.— J. L. Spalding, Ward Parker, Waltei Read, selectmen . A. C. Darrah, representative. L868.— A M. Wilkm-. Frederick F. Walker, Isaac Fitts, selectmen \ c Darrah, representative. lsiiii.— J. Wheel, T , T. Parker. Henry J. Wilson, selectmen; Benjamin Ela, n presentative. lsTH.-.T. Wheeler, T. Parker, H. J. Wil 1*71.— Marcellns Houghton, John L. Read, William \1.«>m i. seleetmen : ct.ni hi not agree ,.,n a represvntar J \ e. 1S72.—T. Parker, W Me'Jne^.-n, i. I. Spalding, sele, tmen ; Jane- Qtative. 1873.— Proctor P. Parkhurst, W . M.*}u-->l-n, Nelson II . ltrown, »ele, t- i ]■ .: i ■ i, i presentative. 1874.— I. Fitts, Artemas Knight, Horace W. Wilson, selectmen; T Parker, representative. 1875. — I. Fitts, \. Knight, A. C. Darrah, tselectmi ■ - galls, representative. 1876.— H W. Wilson, Levi F. Lowell, c.enrg- e. Patterson, selectmen ; O. ('. Infills, rej. re-, -illative. 1877. — Selectmen same ; Ward Parker, repi 1S78.— Selectmen same ; i 'arini M Parker, representative. 1*70. — G. E. Patterson, Joseph < Yoss, Henry F. Herrick, selectmen ; I'armi M. Parker, representative. Biennial ions of L ■. this year, so that henceforward a representative was elected only ..nee in two years. 1880.— H. W. Wilson, J. Cross, II. F. HeiTick, selectmen. 1**1.— J. r r ,K., juhn Wheeler, G. E. Patterson, selectmen . Matthew P. Nichols, representative. 1**2.— J. Cross, J. Wheeler. Herm.»n -. Fold-, selectmen. 1883.— T. Parker, H S. Fields, Everett E Parker, selectmen ; John v\ . resentative L884 ii - Fields, E. E. Parker, Cleveland C Heard, selectmen. 1885 ii Pai i. i i i ft ard Daniel Jones, sele. tmen Lei r Lowell, representative, ,11 sticks OF THE PEACE -I George Alhee, Samuel 0. Anderson, Samuel P.arron, Jr., John L. B iwers, Egbert \. Bi an, Wentworth Clagg t, I oathai ■ ■■ ph- n ' ranker, Simeon Cummin.--, h.mi- I it. Dan forth, vl.nei ( '. 1 1,! nah. Harrison La ton, Jane - L.,\ i. .-, John K.iyres, William I ayres, Benjamin Ela, Jos. ph I arwell, Henry Fields, isia. Kilts, Ahdiel Goodrich, Francis A. Gordon, Hendi . ..nt< y T. Harris, David Henderson, Franklin Herrick, Joseph B. Holt, Charles E. Hum- phrey, Georg* '' Cngalls, Daniel X. [ngalle Henrj T. Ingalls, Caleb Jones, David Jones, Simeon Kenney, Benjamin Kidder, \>a Knight, ll.n- tv i.. Lawrence, Ephraim W. Livingstone, Obediah Star] I U h- ley, John McConihe, Massena Mel lonihe, s. Md omhe. |. \\. <.., .-.. i;,,i,it McGaw, William Mi Kean.JamesL Mo. a. I narlesS Nesmith, Matthew 1' Nieh.il-. lien tarn in \i»iii>e. 1 i.mk il > »l»-i , Nat hat i i*-l J. Oliver, James V. Parker, Nathan Parker, Ckrw U Parker, Edward P.Parker, Wi liaro i Parker, Wane,, w . Piltehury, Reuben 11. Pratt, Eleazer Kohy, John T. Reed, George F. Spalding, John S. Spalding, Hosea B. Spaldiug, diner Spalding, Oliver Spalding, Jr., Daniel Stevens, James Thornton, James B. Thornton, Jamea I Walker, Leonard Walker, Lduard Wheeler, Alexander Mci "alley Wilkins. CHAPTER XIII. MERRIMACK— (Continued). SEI !EET SOCIETIES. All the secret organizations now existing in town are those formed for social and benevolent purposes, and their work is so well known as not to need any explanation. Thornton Grange, No. 31, was organized .May Its. 1874, with thirty members. It has had a prosperous career, and now numbers one hundred and one mem- bers. The presiding officers have been as follows : Ward Parker. John McAfee. George W. Moulton, Walter Kittredge, Everetl E. Parker and William F. Kitt- redge. Naticook Lodge. I. O. G. T., was instituted January 18, 1876, with sixty members. Its presiding officers have been as follows: James T. Jones, Ira G. Wil- kins, Truman P>. Knight, Henry L. McKean, Samuel G. Chamberlain, John G. Read, Oliver B. Green, Harrison E. Eerrick, Walter A. J. Kittredge, William F. Kittredge, Warren J. Aver, William T. Parker, Warren W. Pillsbury, George W. Moulton, Charles E. Wilson, George P. Foskett, Daniel C. Barron, Everetl I.. Hunter, Willard H. Kempton, Cleveland C. Beard. Webster Commandery, U. O. G. C, No. 161, was established October 17, 1881, with fourteen members, which number has since increased to thirty-three. There have been no deaths and no withdrawals. The presiding officers have been as follows : J. (i. Read, George W. Moulton, James T. Jones, Warren W. Pillsbury, Horatio Bowers, William M. West. The James S. Thornton Post, G. A. R., No. 33. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. was organized in January, 1SS5, with twenty-five Cleveland C. Beard, presiding officer. CHA l'TEE XIV. MERRIMACK— (Continued). GENEALOGIES. The following genealogies are limited to persons born in Merrimack, it being outside the scope of this work to follow the descendants who have emigrated to other places. Other families might have been given with equal propriety, the only considei i1 in choosing these for record being the availability of information concerning them. Barnes.— Lieutenant Thomas Barnes, from Plym- outh County, Mass., settled where Dana Hutchinson now lives, previous to 174b. He had lour sons and five daughters, but it is not known that any of his deseendants now live in town. His brother, Dr. Joseph Barnes, was the first phy- sician in town, and was the father of Lieutenant Reuben, from whom are descended a numerous posterity now living in this town and elsewhere. His children were Reuben' 2 , Joseph, Samuel, John (settled in Dracut, .Mass.), Sally (died young I, Eleanor (settled in Boston). Joanna (married Henry Fretts) and Polly (settled in Dracut). The children of Reuben 2 were Hannah (married Ira Mears, of Merrimack), Rebecca (died young I, Ann (married Nelson Longa, of Merrimack), Lucy (settled in Chelmsford, Mass.), Dolly (married, as a second husband, Solomon Barron, of Merrimack), James (died young), David (settled in Merrimack), John (settled in Merrimack), Joel (went West), Eliza R. (settled in Nashua), Lavinia. The children of Hannah Mears were Jane (went West), Mattie (settled in Manchester), George (went West), Stella (lives in Boston). Ann Tonga's children were Washington (settled in Manchester), Charles (settled in Nashua, where his daughter, May E., was born, and then returned to Merrimack), John (lives in Nashua), Sarah (married Henry T. I. Blood, of Merrimack). Sarah Blood's children are Clinton, , Charley, Annie, Bertha and Mary. Dolly Barron's children were Sarah (married Charles Tonga, and settled in Nashua), John (settled in Nebraska), Clarence (died young), Daniel (settled in Merrimack). David Barnes' children were Charles (settled in Massachusetts), Sarah (settled in Nashua), Willie (settled in Massachusetts), Almira (died unmarried), Ella Etta (died unmarried), Frank (settled in Lowell). The children of John Barnes were Edgar (settled in Brookline), Clinton (died unmarried), Fred, (lives in Nashua), Lillian (died unmarried), Addie (lives in Londonderry), Nellie (lives in Townsend, Mass). The children of Joseph Barnes were Charles, Hiram and two daughters. The children of Samuel were Betsy (married John Connary, of Milford, and afterwards a Mr. Goodwin), Samuel 3 (settled in Boston), Solomon (lived in Merri- mack), Jane (married Elijah Leech, of Milford), Amanda (married Moses Pinghram, of Derry), Hannah (married Morrison Sanderson, of Merrimack), Nancy (married Joseph Day, of Derry). The children of Hannah Sanderson were Nancy J. (died unmarried), Lorenzo (lives in Fitchburg. Mass.), Ellen (lives in Merrimack), Dana (lives in Merrimack), Orrin (lives in Merrimack). The children of Joanna Fretts were Harriet (settled in Iowa), Lorena (settled in Nashua i, George (settled in Vermont), Catherine (died young), Richard (settled in Merrimack), Henry-', Emmeline (settled in New Bedford). The children of Richard Fretts are Emma, Henry and Laura (all living in Merrimack). Chamberlain.— Captain John Chamberlain came from Groton, Mass., in 1 704, and built mills at Souhegan, as elsewhere stated. He built the first bridge across the Souhegan, at the village, at his own expense. He surrounded his log cabin with pickets as a de- fense against the Indians, and when he went to work in his field he took his family with him for safety, lie was a man of great powers of both mind and body, and was prominent in town affairs for many years. ( Mice, when a member of the Provincial Assembly, a member of the Council, vexed at their refusing to concur in some measure proposed by the Council, said, in his passion, — " I wish the Assembly were all in heaven." The ready reply of Chamberlain was, " I should not object to that, sir, were it not that we should lose the pleasure of the company of His Majesty's I loun- cil." His children were Nabbv (lived in Merrimack), Rachel (lived in Merrimack), Susie (lived in Merri- mack), Josiab (lived in Merrimack), Rebecca (lived in Merrimack), Silas (settled on Isaiah Herrick's place, and afterwards left town), Joseph (settled on Henry Herrick's place). The children of Joseph were Joseph- (settled in Merrimack, and afterwards removed to Boston), Samuel (settled in Merrimack), Reuben (settled in Merrimack, and afterwards removed to Billerica. Mass.), Moody (settled in Merrimack, and afterwards removed to Terre Haute, Ind.), James (settled in Merrimack, and afterwards removed to Vermont), Roxv (settled in Nashua), Milly (lived in Merri- mack), Augustus (settled in Terre Haute, Ind.). The children of Samuel were Frank A. (settled in Merrimack) and Samuel G. (settled and reared a family in Merrimack, and removed to Lake village). The children of Samuel G. were Ellen (died young), charlotte (died young), Elvord G. (settled in Boston l, Harriet (died young). MERRIMACK. 543 Fields.— There were four brothers and a sister of this family who came to this town from Andover, Mass., just before the Revolution. Henry Fields settled on the Severns place, Mars- ten on the Lawrence place, Sally, (wife of Andrew Wilkins) on the Woodward place, Joshua on the Joseph Foster place and John on the John H. Co- burn place. The children of Henry were John (died young), Henry 2 (settled in New York), Rebecca (married to Timothy Carlton) and Susan (settled in Nashua). The children of Rebecca Carlton were, Rebecca (settled in Nashua), John (settled in Lyndeborough), Sophia (married a Mr. Retterbush, of Merrimack), Eliza (married Joseph Wilson), Henry (killed in a mill at Lowell), Francis (carried on business at New Orleans and elsewhere, and died in Merrimack), Peter (settled in Merrimack), Susan (settled in Am- herst), Isaac (died young), Isaac" (settled in Massa- chusetts). The children of Sophia Retterbush were Eliza (settled in Milford), Sophia (married a Mr. Dodge, of Merrimack), Mary Ann (married Jerry Kittredge, of Merrimack) and Henry (burned in a house). The children of Sophia Dodge were a daughter (died unmarried) and Francis. The children of Mary Ann Kittredge are Mary J. (married Scott W. Lane, of Manchester), Emma E. i married George P. Buttertield, and lives at Fitch- burg, Mass.) and Jerry C. (lives at home). Francis Carlton had two daughters. Peter Carlton had two daughters,— Sarah (settled in Milford) and Hannah (died unmarried). Eliza Wilson had a daughter, Eliza Ann (died unmarried), and a son, Henry (settled in Milford. For the descendants of Sally Wilkins, see Wilkins family. The children of Marsten Fields were Isaac, Mars- ten, 2 Betsy, Hannah and Priscilla. The children of Joshua Fields were Joshua 2 (settled in Merrimack), Jonas (settled in New York), .lames (settled in Merrimack), John (settled in Maine) and Sally (settled in Maine). The children of Joshua 2 were Hannah (settled in Lowell), Smith (settled in Merrimack), Sally (married Peter Carlton), Joshua"' died at sea) and Jonas (died unmarried). The children of Smith Fields were Sally (died in Nashua . Joshua (settled in Milford). Charles (died unmarried), Mary (residence unknown), Hermon S. (settled in Merrimack). John Fields served through the whole seven years of the Revolutionary War. His children were Henry' (died unmarried) and Elizabeth (married John H. Coburn). Elizabeth Coburn had one daughter, Catherine (married John H. Upham, of Amherst). Gage. — Aaron Cage came from Methuen. Mass., in 1773, and settled on the place now ,-ned by Jai Hodgman. His children were Isaac (settled in Charlestown, Mass)., Deacon Aaron (settled in Merri- mack), 1'hineas (settled in Merrimack I, Mosesl settled in Merrimack), Mehitaliel (married Thomas Under- wood, of Merrimack) and a daughter, who married Josiah Tinker, of Bedford. The children of Deacon Aaron' were Hannah (settled in Bedford), Aaron 3 (unmarried, lived in Merrimack), Naomi (married Daniel Muzzy, di- vorced, and lives in Merrimack), Sally (married Mr. Conant, of Merrimack, and, alter Mr. Conant died, married Stephen Crooker, of Merrimack), Benjamin (settled in Bedford), Isaac (settled in Bedford), Solomon (settled in Bedford), Mary (un- married, lives in Merrimack), Martha (unmarried, lives in Merrimack), fanny (settled in Boston). The children of Phineas were Lydia (married Alexander Wilkins, of Merrimack), Sally (settled in Bedford), Anna (settled in Nashua), Isaac' (settled in Bedford), Benjamin 2 (settled in Lowell, Mass. . Polly (died young), Mary (settled in Sutton), Enoch (settled in Merrimack, later in Bedford), Stephen (settled in Merrimack, later in Amherst), Parker (died young), George (settled in Bedford). The children of Moses were Betsy (settled in New Boston), Moses'-' (settled iii Bedford), Sally (settled m New Boston), Ruth (settled in Goffstown), John (settled in Lyndeborough), David (became a mission- ary), Joseph N. I settled in Merrimack, but afterward removed to Lawrence, Mass). At his death Joseph X. Gage left a fund of about fourteen thousand dol- lars, the income of which was to go to his wife during her life, and afterward to lie used in support- ing the public schools of his native town, on condition that the town should never raise a less amount than before by taxation for school purposes, should ereel a monument to his memory, and should keep his lot in the cemetery in good condition. The town accepted the conditions, and at the death of Mrs. Gage, in 1883, came into possession of the property, together with two thousand dollars more added to it b\ the will of Mrs. Gage, thus increasing the amount avail- aide tor school purposes about fifty per cent. < (ther children of Moses Cage were Mehitabel 2 , Susan and Charles. The children of Mehitable Gage and Thomas Un- derwood were Thomas 2 , John, Peter, Sally, William and Charles. Sally Gage and Mr. Conant had a daughter, Han- nah, who married Freeman Hill, of Merrimack, and their children were George, Sarah and one that died young. The children of Sally Gage and Stephen Crooker were Stephen 2 D. (settled in Boston and then went West . Aimer C. (settled in Boston). Simeon W. (settled in Boston), israel (settled in Merrimack), .lanes I', (settled in Boston |. The children of Israel Crooker were Frank W. (settled in Norwood, Mas-.i, Sarah (unmarried, lives 544 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. in Norwood, Mass.), Mary (married George Bean, of Merrimack), Ida (married Charles Wilson, of Merri- mack). The children of Lydia Cage ami Alexander Wil- kii.s were Olive (settled in Bedford), Fanny (married Levi Fisher, of Merrimack). The children of Fanny Fisher were Levi W. (set- tled in Merrimack), Sarah W. (settled in Nashua), George W. (settled in Boscawen), Anna L. (married Ha/en G. Dodge, of Merrimack), Cynthia M. (settled in Maiden, Mass.). The ehildren of Levi W. Fisher are Maria (settled in Bedford), Fanny W. (lives in Merrimack). Anna L. Fisher and Hazen G. Dodge have a son, Elwin H., who lives in Merrimack. The children of Enoch Gage were Foster, Walter, Joseph and Ann E. The ehildren of Stephen Gage were Permelia, Sophronia, Mary A., Parker, John and Orlando, all of whom lived in Amherst. Ingalls. — Deacon Daniel Ingalls came from Ando- vei, Mass.. and settled on the Ingalls farm. He was a Revolutionary soldier, took part in the battle of Bennington, and guarded the Hessian prisoners at Charlestown, Mass., the following winter. He was a respected and useful citizen of Merrimack for many years. His ehildren were Polly (settled in Bedford). .Sally, Rebecca [settled in Salem. Mass.), Elizabeth (died young), Daniel T. (settled on the home farm in Mer- rimack, where he still lives), Henry I', .settled in New York City) and Putnam (settled in Newark, N. J.). The children of Daniel T. were Horace P. (settled in Ohio), Mary (lived in Nashua). George C. (settled on the home farm in Merrimack). Lucian (-.Hied in Falmouth, Me.) and Nancy (lives in Nashua). The children of George C. are Helen L. and Dan- iel T., Jr. Jones. — David Jones settled in Merrimack in 1S27. His children were Amos (dead), David T. (settled in Merrimack), Daniel (settled in Merrimack) Sarah F. (settled in Merrimack), George H., Rosa E. and Louisa M. (settled in Merrimack). David T. has one son, David R. ; David R. has a daughter, Nellie L. The ehildren of James T. were Ernest .1.. Leslie F., Idella M. (deceased) and Grace M. Caleb Jones settled in Merrimack about 1830. His children were Fliza B., Caleb G., Amos, George, Charlotte H., Harriet and Mary. Jonathan Jones settled in Merrimack about 1844. He hail one daughter, Laura, and moved from town about 1850. McGaw. — Jacob Met law was horn in 1 7 : '. 7 in Lineygloss, near Londonderry, Ireland, and belonged to the famous Scotch-Irish stock. He came to this town when a young man with nothing hut his stout In-art and willing hands to depend upon. He was a weaver by trade, but soon added to this short expedi- tions with a peddler's trunk, then a store, and finally became a wealthy merchant. lie filled many of the leading town offices, was a pillar in the church and a respected citizen. His children were John (died in Bedford). Mar- garet (settled in Bedford), Jacob (settled in Maine). Robert (settled in Merrimack), Rebecca (settled in .Maine I. Isaac (lived in Windham many years, but died in Merrimack), Martha (settled in Maine). Robert McGaw, whose name appears frequently in these pages, was for many years a leading character in the social, religious and political life of the town. He settled on the old homestead at Reed's Ferry, and when his father died, in 1810, he succeeded to his business as merchant. His business abilities were such that he added largely to the property he inherited from his lather, and. though he used his means liberally for every good cause while he lived, he left about a quarter ol a million at his death, and, beside the endowment of the institute already named, he bequeathed five thou- sand dollars as an endowment of the First Congrega- tional Church. The children of Isaac bom in Windham were Margaret Jane (married Edward P. Parker, of Derry, lived several years in Merrimack, hut now resides in Concord, Mass.), John Armour (settled in Jersey City, N. .1.), Sarah Elizabeth (died unmarried), Mar- tha Dickinson (married Francis A. Gordon, of Hen- niker, and settled in Merrimack) and Anna Eliza (married Carmi Parker, of Merrimack, recently re- moved to Fitchburg, Mass.). Margaret Parker had a daughter, Caroline Eliza (settled in Concord. Mass.) Martha Gordon has two sons— Robert McGaw and Arthur G. Anna Parker has three sons.— George L., Harry C. and Maurice W. McGilveray. — John McGilveray came from Scot- land some time previous to the Revolution and settled on the place now owned by his grandson, John*. His children were John 2 ; Robert, settled in Maine; William, settled in New Orleans ; Alexander; David, settled in Brookline; Jacob: Martha, married Alex- ander Anderson, of Derry ; Margaret, died unmar- ried ; Simon, settled on the home farm. The children of Simon were John 3 , settled on the home farm; Eliza J., married James Hale, settled in Merrimack, and had seven children, four of whom are living; William; Harriet, died unmarried; i (eorge .Newel. The children of John 3 are Franklin D. ; John C. ; 1 1. Elbertie; Clarie 1'., married Everett F. Parker of Merrimack; Anuis B., died ; Harriette M. Parker.— Nathan Parker, many years a resident of Merrimack, was born in Litchfield, N. H., January 1, 1767; came to this town April, 1798. He married Mary McQuestin, of Litchfield, and died at the old homestead opposite the M. N. Institute, where his wife lived at the time of his death. MERRIMACK. His posterity number six sons, four daughters, sixty-six grandchildren, forty-three great-grandchil- dren, and three great-great-grandchildren. His oldest son", William, born December 16, 1797, died September 11, 1877, in Suncook, N. II., where he resided. Franees (Mrs. Leonard Walker), born September 7. 1799; died a1 her home in Merrimack, December 13, 1870. Nathan, born September 25, 1801. He settled in Merrimack, where he died April 1-1, 1876. Matthew, born July 27, 1803. He was accidentally killed by the falling of a building upon him, at his father's place, in time of a fearful tornado, May 21, 1814. Adeline (Mrs. Enoch Merrill), born August 30, 1S05; now lives in Nashua, N. H. Elkanah Philip, born June 6, 1807; died in Mer- rimack, at the Parker homestead, April 5, 1875. James, the tilth son, lived and died in Merrimack ; born November 30, 1809; died March 1, 1864. Harriet (Mrs. Robert French, of this town), born June 23, 1812, and now living. Thomas, the youngest son, died at his home in Merrimack, March 27, 1885; born February 20, 1815. Marietta (Mrs. John Wheeler), born December 28, 1818; died in Merrimack, July 30, 1881. Two daughters of Nathan Parker arc now living; also thirty-one grandchildren, thirty-six great-grand- children, three great-great-grandchildren. He was the grandson of Rev. Thomas Parker, of Dracut, Mass. Rev. Thomas was the son of Josiah, of Cambridge. He was born December 7, 1700; gra- duated at Cambridge, 1718; settled in Dracut, 1720; was pastor of the Congregational (probably Presby- terian) Church forty-four years, until the time of his death, March 18, 1765, and only nineteen years of age at the time of settlement. His sons were Thomas, William, John. Matthew and Jonathan. His daughters were Lydia, Eliza- beth, Lucy and Sarah. Matthew (second) wis father of James U. Parker, Esq., once a resident of Merri- mack ; also of Nathan Parker, of Manchester, Presi- dent of Manchester Savings Bank, and grandfather of Deacon Matthew Nichols, of this town. Thomas Parker, his oldest son, became a celebrated physician, settled in Litchfield, was the father of Rev. Edward L. Parker, who settled over the Presbyterian Church of Derry, where he preached until his death. He was father of Edward Parker, Esq., a former resident of this town, ami later of Concord, Mass., where lie died. Spalding. — Samuel Spalding came from Chelms- ford, Mass., and settled in Merrimack at some time previous to 1753. His children were Samuel 2 , settled in Merrimack ; Abijah, settled in Nashua ; Sarah, died unmarried ; Henry, settled in New Boston and afterwards removed to Lyndeborough ; Oliver, settled in Merrimack ; Isaac, settled in New Ipswich and afterwards removed to Wilton; Silas, settled in Merrimack, removed to An- dover, Vt., and returned to Merrimack; Asa, settled in Merrimack. The children of Samuel 2 were Ephraim, died S 2 Sarah, married Luther Abbott, of Andover, Vt. ; Abijah-, settled in Nashua, after living in various other places; Betsey, married Isaac Blood, of Hollis ; Luther, settled in Baltimore, Md. ; Meriel, married John Thomas, of Goffstown, and settled in Andover, Vt., afterwards removed to Wisconsin ; Ira, settled in Merrimack; Josiah, settled in Salem, and was a sea- captain ; Eleanor, settled in Vermont. The children of Ira Spalding were Ira 2 , died in infancy; William Moore, settled in Texas; Ephraim Healil, settled in Texas; Nancy Isabella, married William Kimball, of Temple; Eliza Jane, died in infancy ; < ieorge Washington, died in infancy; George Franklin, settled on the old homestead in Merrimack ; Betsy ( 'handler, married John G.Kimball, of Nashua: Catherine Mears, married Chancy C. Kuler, and set- tled in Wisconsin; Ellen Maria, married Albert Gay. of Boston, Mass.; Henry Harrison, died in in- fancy. The children of George Franklin Spalding are Caribella Frances and Frank Clarence. The children of Oliver Spalding were Abigail, died young ; Olivet', settled in Merrimack: and an unnamed infant. The children of Oliver Spalding-' were Abigail Nourse, married William T. Parker, and lives in Merrimack , John Lund, settled in Merrimack ; Hosea I'.allou, settled in Nashua; and Oliver Perry, died young. The children of John Lund Spalding were Sarah Frances and John ( (liver. The children of Asa Spalding were Asa 2 , settled in Merrimack ; Ephraim, died young ; Samuel Woods, died young; Joanna, died young ; Sophia, married 'timothy Fry, of Lowell. Mass. ; Cynthia, married Gilbert Colburn, of Pelham; All. en Jefferson, settled in Danvers, Mass. ; Lucy Davis, married Jacob Carl ton, of Lowell, Mass.; John Langdon, died young ; Sarah, married Jacob Carlton, of Lowell, Mass., after her sister Lucy's death ; and Dorcas, married Andrew J. Nute, of Lowell, Mass. The children of Asa Spalding- were Samuel Woods, settled in Danvers. Mass.; Joanna, married William Lyon, of Pelham ; Asa Langdon, has lived in various towns in Massachusetts, the last being Newton Centre; and Albert Jefferson, settled in Dan- vers, Mass. Matthew Thornton's Family and Descendants — James Thornton, an Englishman, and Elizabeth Jenk- ins, his wife, removed from England to the north of Ireland, where Matthew Thornton was born, in 1714. During his infancy his parents came to America and settled in Londonderry. After acquiring his profes- sion he practiced medicine there, securing a high rep- 546 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. utatiou as a physician and becoming comparatively wealthy. In 174">, Dr. Thornton joined the expedition against Louishurg, Cape Breton, as surgeon in the New Hamp- shire Division ofthe American army. .Matthew Thorn- ton was appointed president ofthe Provincial < torn eh- ticm nt' New Hampshire, and the following year was chosen to represent New Hampshire in the first Congress holden at Philadelphia. He signed the Declarati t Independence, and s i after purchased a farm in that part of Merrimack known as Thornton's Ferry, where, surrounded by his family and friends, he passed the remainder of his days in dignified repose. He died at the house of bis daugh- ter, Mrs. Hannah Thornton McGaw, in Newburyport, Mass., June 24, 1803, at the age of eighty-nine years. Mr. Thornton was a man of commanding presence, but of a very genial nature, remarkable for his native wit and great fund of anecdote. After serving his term in Congresshe became chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in New Hamp- shire, and afterwards judge .>!' the Superior < lourt. Judge Thornton married Hannah Jackson, who died before reaching middle life, leaving five children, — James, Andrew, .Mary, Hannah and Matthew-, .lames married Mary Parker, and lived in Merrimack. Their children wen. Matthew 3 , .Tames Bonaparte, Thomas, Hannah and Mary. Matthew' 1 died in youth, leaving one daughter, Margaret Anne, who died unmarried. .lames B. was graduated at Bowdoin ; practiced law in Merrimack; was second comptroller of the treasury at Washington; then United States charge d'affaires to Peru, South America. He died at Callao at about the age of forty. He was a classmate of the late ( harles ( ;. Atherton, Esq., of Nashua, and ofthe late ex-President Frank- lin Pierce, and the warmth of their strong personal friendship remained unimpaired until his death. .lames B. Thornton left two children, — JamesShep- ard Thornton and Mary Parker Thornton. James Shepard entered the Naval School at Annapolis at the age of fourteen, and remained in the naval service until his death, which occurred in 1875. He was ex- ecutive officer of the "Hartford'' under Farragut, at the battle of New Orleans, and executive officer of the "Kearsarge," in the famous battle with the "Alabama." He married a daughter of Rev. Henry \V 1. who survives him. Mary Parker married Dr. Charles A. Davis, and, alter his death, Judge W. S. Gardner, of I usetts. Hannah married Colonel Joseph Greeley, of Nashua, of whose family there are three surviving children, — Charles A. and Edward P., loca- ted at Nashua, Iowa : ami James B. Greeley, M.D., surgeon in the First Rhode Island Cavalry during the late war, who is now living on the old Thornti n farm in Merrimack. Andrew, son ,,f Judge Matthew Thornton, died in early youth, unmarried. Matthew'-, son of Judge Thornton, graduated at Dartmouth, read lawat Amherst and resided at Mer- rimack, where he died, leaving a widow ami two children. One of these died in youth : the other, Abby.a very lovely ami accomplished woman, married Captain 1 >a\ el Mac! Iregor, of Derry. Mary Thornton, eldest daughter of Judge Matthew Thornton, married the Hon. Silas Britton, of Salem, N. II. Hannah Thornton, youngest daughter of Judge Matthew Thornton, married John Met Jaw, of New- buryport. Mass. Wilkins.— The Wilkins family came from England and settled in Salem in the early part of the seven- teenth century. Stephen Wilkins. born in that part of Salem after- wards incorporated in Middleton, left a son, Stephen Wilkins, Jr.. who took part in the French and Indian War, was appointed captain in the Revolutionary forces, and served two years, hut left the army in 1777, ami bought a farm in Merrimack, on the Souhegan River, three and a half miles from its mouth. An interesting incident occurred in connection with this purchase. John Neal, the man of whom he purchased, was a whig when the Americans seemed likely to succeed and a tory when the British got the advan- tage. The bargain was made in the spring of 1777: but in the summer, when Mr. Wilkins came to pay the money in Continental currency, it had begun to de- preciate, and Mr. Neal refused to take it, declaring that the British would gain the victory and the money would not be worth as much as so many chips. But when he heard of the capture of Burgove's army he was glad to take the whole three thousand dollars in Continental currency. The children of Captain Stephen Wilkins, Jr., were Andrew, came to Merrimack with his father ; Stephen, died young : Hannah, married Elijah Chub- buek and settled in Vermont, hut removed to New York; Lucy, died at Mont Vernon; Stephen 2 , set- tled in New York; Levi, came to Merrimack with his father; James, horn in Merrimack, reared a family here and died in New York. The children of Andrew Wilkins were Amos (set- tled in Merrimack, and afterwards removed to Ver- mont), Mehi table I married Samuel McClure, of Merri- mack), Andrew 2 (died unmarried), Sarah (married Zebulon Ritterbush, of Merrimack), Samuel (had one child, Samuel *, in Merrimack, and then removed to Amherst), Asa (died unmarried). John (settled in Merrimack I. 'flic children of Amos Wilkins horn in Merrimack were Joanne A. and Sally N. (removed to Vermont with their father). I'he children of Mehitable McClure were Sarah and Samuel (born in Merrimack and removed to Nashua '. MIIKUIMACK. 547 The children of Sarah Ritterbush were Stephen W. (died unmarried), Lucy Jane (married John Collins, of Nashua), William (went to California), Nelson (went to California). The children of John Wilkins were Martha H. (married Amos A. Wilkins, a son of . Vinos Wilkins, born in Vermont), Charlotte (married Edward Col burn and settled in Canada West), Augusta (died in Nashua), Adeline (died in Nashua), a son (died in infancy), Frances (died in Nashua), Alma P. (died in Nashua). The children of Levi Wilkins were Ann [died in infancy), Alexander McCalley (settled in Merrimack), Roxana (died in Nashua), Levi F. ('lied vomit;), Lucy A. (married Thomas H. Hall and settled in Nashua), a son (died in infancy), Hannah (married Ira Etoby and settled in Amherst), Levi W. (settled in Antrim). Levi Wilkins settled on the old homestead, and was elected selectman for several years, always dis- charging the duties of his office satisfactorily to his townsmen and with honor to himself. He made home so pleasant for his children that they look back upon their childhood as the pleasantest portion of their lives. He was universally beloved and respected, and his advice was often sought for by his fellow- citizens. He was a member of the Congregational Church, ami his example adorned bis profession. The children of Alexander McCallcy Wilkins were Lucy Ann (lives with her father), Franklin A. Isct- tled in Providence), James M. (settled in Nashua), Gustine (settled in Manville, R. I.), Mary ( '. (died unmarried I. The children of James Wilkins, son of Captain Stephen, were Eliza, Charles A., Mary A., Jane McC, all born in .Merrimack and removed t,> New York with their father. Sources of Information. — The material for the foregoing sketch of Merrimack has been taken from the follow in-' sources: An address by Rev. Stephen T. Allen at the centennial celebration in Merrimack ; an address by Rev. C. L. Hubbard at the centennial of the First Congregational Church in Merrimack; I 'ox's " History of] (unstable;" " History of Bedford," by a town committee; "History of Windham," by L. A.Morrison; "Spalding Memorial," by Samuel J. Spalding; "Town Papers of New Hampshire," edited bj [saac W. Hammond; "State Papers of New Hampshire," by same author: Merrimack town records; records of First Congregational Church of Merrimack; records of McCaw Normal Institute. Hou. W. T. Parker furnished the complete list of citizens who served in the Civil War, and many ol the oldest citizens have given much valuable in- formation. No one can be better aware than the writer of the incompleteness of this record. He has .lone the best he could in the time and with the means placed at his disposal. every side, inviting further exploration. This, at least, can be said : as tar as the work has been 'ii d, everything stated as a fact has been verified, and, while of course there are errors in details, all im- portant points stated may be relied upon as well established. An interesting field of research opei delv on BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HARRISON EATON, M.I'. Harrison Eaton, M.D., traced his descent from English ancestry, through John and Anne Eaton, w bo settled in Haverhill, Mass., in 1646; be was the elder of the two children oi .Moses and Judith (Merrill) Eaton, and was born at the Eaton home- stead in Hopkinton, Merrimack County, December Pi, 1813. At that date four generations were represented in the large, square mansion, where the present mistress. Mrs. Louisa (Eaton) Piper has all her life resided, and of his early home Dr. Eaton cherished delightful memories. The patriarch of the household was the great- grandfather, John Eaton Esq., whose decea-e occiii ie. I in 1824; his son, Major Nathaniel Eaton, was so stout as to have hardly room for a grandchild on each knee; yet there the boys clung, begging for a story. " Well, once there was a man "—here David pulled the gran.lsire's nose— "Tell it to me, grandpa, tell it to me! " Amid exuberant mirth and frolic, the old man would begin again, and now it was Harrison who drew the narrator's face and attention toward him- self; thus, while the progress of the tale was hindered, there was great amusement all round, and both first and second childh 1 were happy. His maternal grandfather, Deacon David Merrill, who, after his wife's death, came to live with his daughter, was a saintly character in juvenile eyes, who never used wicked words, though he did once threaten to break the " pesky " heads of the hens if they did not keep out of his garden, that he took great pleasure in cultivating. He made cross-bows for the boys, and amused and interested them with incidents ofTiconderoga and Bennington, — he having enlisted as titer, in the Revolutionary army at the age of sixteen.— and while the younger boy dropped tin com lie encouraged him with the approving com- ment that be was "a forward little fellow wdio would net big enough to cover corn some day," and so firmly was he bis friend that upon the sole occasion when the child was deemed worthy of chastisement, he demurred, saying, sotto voce, that "if Harrison were his boy, be guessed be would not be treated that way." For many years the estate and property of this 548 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. numerous household were held in common stuck ; ropes, cloth, shoes and other articles which are now always purchased were of home manufacture ; and that so many people could have lived under one roof without quarreling demonstrated to the doctor's sat- isfaction a fact which reflected the brighl side of human nature. At an infantileage he was was sent. " with shining face," to school, and the master, point- ing his pen-knife at the first letter of the alphabet, demanded its name. Up spake the child : "1 reads in Baker! " The doctor was wont to tell this anecdote, adding with /.est, " My mother taught rm f" His physical strength and power of endurance were less than his brother's and most farmers' sons, but he was up in the morning early, ambitious to have the work go on, and eager to keep up with the men. Whenever a ta.-k was imposed, this challenge instantly greeted his brother's ears : "Come, David, let us go and do it and not have to keep hating it." The happy home influences were of the most sal- utary character, and vigorous, active mental powers, combined with an exceptionally sunny temperament and cheerful disposition, were his natural inher- itance. He abounded in humor, which was manifested in quiet, never in boisterous, ways, and surviving mates still recount the witty repartees and sparkling bon-mots of childhood years. Says his cousin, Mrs. Piper: "Harrison was fun- loving, and how much we all loved him!" 1 recall thai one evening, his hoots oil', anil the lire on his study-hearth burning low, he asked David to fetch an armful of fuel, to which he consented, on condition that an improvised rhyme should lie his reward. When the wood appeared the rhyme was ready. — " Thank fortune that I Imv.m hi..th.-r „.. z I To pick up iny chips and hring in my wood, While I, like a moiikry. sit curled in my chair. Reading and 'halving the lectures of Ulair ! " Hi- often alluded with satisfaction to the impartial treatment which he and his brother received at parental hands, to their own harmonious exchange or division of boyish properties. Why," said he, "neither ever had a piece of pie or cake, a new collar or a marble more than the other." Here tin doctor was called out, and his mother continued, — "There came a day, when 1 was making a little coat, anil Harrison asked, ' Who is to wear it?' I said ' It is for you, my son.' ' And will not David have one, too?' 'Not at present.' He silently regarded my handiwork a moment, and then said, ' If there is to he hut one coat, please give it to my brother.' " The child was " father of the man ; " boyish traits, prominent among which was peculiar unselfishness, developed into a manhood that has left the world better and happier for its existence. Working, — "laboring on the farm," it i> entered in his memoranda of youthful years ; and doubtless that is the proper term, tor tradition, family tes- timonj and the record of his most useful, indus- trious life prove that there was never a lazy nerve in him,— attending district school, or the Hopkin- 1,111 Academy (a flourishing institution then remark- able for the excellence and thoroughness of its instruction, and since for the number of its alumni who, in after-life, became distinguished), brought him to his seventeenth birth-day, December 13, 1830, on which day he commenced teaching, thenceforth alternating that vocation with study till his grad- uation. He entered upon the study of medicine with Dr. Eoyal Call, of Hopkinton, November 17, 1832, and teaching in the towns of Essex and Hamilton, Mass., was meanwhile a student in the office of Dr. Oliver S. ( 'ressy, of the latter place. He attended medical lectures at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1833-34; at Berkshire Medical Institution, Pittsriehl, Mass., in 1830, and there received the degree ofM.D., November 22, 1836. A few months immediately after he was assistant of Dr. Stricter, in Troy, N. Y., then returned to his native State, and commenced practice in South Weare August Hi, 1837. He married Miss Charlotte M. Eaton, of Hopkin- ton, December 25, 1838, and removed to Merrimack August 17, 1839, where he spent the rest of life labor- ing diligently and faithfully, until failing strength and sickness compelled him gradually to cease from active professional duty. His practice included the town of Litchfield. His son, Henry Harrison, was horn < Ictober 24, 1839. Dr. Eaton became one of the associates of the Southern District Medical Society in 1839, and repre- sented that body as delegate to the annual meeting of the American Medical Association held in Boston in 1849. He was admitted Fellow of the New Hampshire Medical Society in 1*42, was its corresponding secre- tary in 1854-55, secretary in 1857, councilor from 1859 to 1863, censor in 1869, and was also member of the standing committee on practical medicine. He was a permanent member of the American Medical As- sociation, and represented the New Hampshire Medical Society as its delegate to the annual meeting of the association which convened at Washington, D. C, in 1858. Dr. Eaton was received into full communion with the First Congregational Church in Merrimack July 4, 1S52, was several years superintendent of its Sabbath-school and had been president of its relig- ious society and one of its deacons many years at the time of his death. He was superintendent of the public schools of Merrimack and one of the board of trustees of McGaw Normal Institute many years, and in the years 1857-58 was a member of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature. To quote from the obituary presented at the ninetj - second annual session of the New Hampshire Medical • f C y. ,_j6t^Cs/&^i. MERRIMACK. 549 Society, by Charles A. Savory, M.D, his intimate friend from boyhood, — ■ [hiving entore.l upon In- |m .t.->-i- -n l»j Lapm ile\..te.l himself to its iIllllC- Willi |Uli I, lull llel'--, 'Il>lu\ II !*' I't I -It Illl.TllK'.t nf the advancements made in tin' different - | te i medicine, and made practical use of them wheuevei occasion offered. At the same inn.. .I,-, i > ,itl\< atlil |iH':H'-.>ll '. lie ill ll'till l\ illsiTllin IKllei I I K t W ''I'll tii.. certain and the doubtful ; ready to adopt a new remedy or method when satisfied of it- claims, In- never abandoned tin- reliable foi the un- tried. Novelty us such bad no charms for him. - Hi- habits ut reading, observation and tnvestigal ntinued until within .1 t. « days of bis death. So long as liif- Btrength permitted, and .- vii longer, In- In-lil himself icoh tn pe T form professional ilnties for all who called for liis services. Besides these qualities, so necessary in a skillful physician. In Katnii p. ,sm ---.■. 1 ..tier- in nil .'inini'iit ih-ree He was kind, genemii,-, conscientiously faithful, patent nnil sympathetic. He wasa reliable frieml -iii-l pleasant companion. " Those who knew him personally will i..all with pleasure the time spent in his society Hi- ready wit, his genial humor and his inexhaust- ible fund of anecdote made bun a delightful host or guest, "With noaffeetati f sanctity, he was a .i.voteil ami earnest Christian. The principles of bis religions faith governed ami directed him in all the affairs of life ; ami in the large circle of bis usefulness those who were suffering from physical or mental ilistie— in-tim nvih -mi-hl Ins niil. He was one of the pillars of In- • lunch tor many years, aid was interested ami active in every work of refor r charity Mrs. Eaton died, after a brief illness, December 21. 1866. Dr. Eaton married Miss Harriet X. Lane, ..I' Can- dia. November 26, 1868; she survives him. From foregoing data it will lie seen that, while quietly going professional rounds, caring for the phys- ical welfare ut the community, Dr. Eaton was also identified with the political, educational, moral and religious interests of Merrimack and vicinity for more than forty-two years. He loved his fellow-men and rejoiced in their welfare and prosperity. He heard personal detraction as though he heard it not; him- self a peacemaker, he had not an enemy, and while the present and succeeding generation continue, his name will he a household word in the extensive circle of families who cherish not alone the memory of the good doctor, but of the good man. His gentle nature won not only human hearts, — all living creatures loved him, and, trusting, nearly approached his person without fear. The robins drank from the pails about the stable, the sparrow chirped about the rim of his straw hat, as, busy among the bee-hives and grape-vines, lie rested, after long rides, in the garden; he knew the birds of the wildwood, and the birds of the wildwood knew and responded to bis call; he was a lover of Nature, a line botanist and a delightful companion in his car- riage, as well as by the fireside. Through lingering months and years of pain and weariness he reached eternal rest, but his self-control was perfect; keenest, prolonged anguish wrote no wrinkle, even momentarily, upon his brow. The al- ways sweet smile grew sweeter, till, in the words of Pastor Slack, " be passed away, just as he had always lived, in peace. His long and faithful work as a Christian physician, his zeal in aiding till the interests of the town and bis active and consistent life in the church, all combine to make his loss keenly felt by the church and whole community." Dr. Eaton died November 1'.', 1881. The day of his funeral, the 22d, was the forty-fifth anniversary of his graduation. Upon the plain granite monument erected near his grave is the inscription, — Harrison Ka M.D., r.i L01 i I' PHYSICIAN, Born He.-. 13, 1813, Deceased Nov. 19, 1881, IE. f>7 years, 11 months, 6 days. "He went about doing good." HON. WILLIAM T. PARKER. William T. was the second son of William and Mar- garet Parker, and was bom at Cleethorps, county of Lincolnshire, England, November It), 1822. He came to America witlt bis parents in 1832, and lias resided in New Hampshire, with the exception of a k-w months, ever since. When twenty years of age he left Stoddard, where bis parents resided, and came to Nashua to seek employment. He engaged for one year with Thomas S. Jones it Co., merchant tailors, taking charge of their manufacturing department. Two years later he commenced business for himself in company with Colonel Charles P.Gage. He re- mained in business with this and other firms until 1867, when he retired to his farm in Merrimack, where he resides at the present time. Mr. Parker married, September 1, 1846, Abbie X., daughter of Oliver Spaulding, Esq., of Merrimack, and moved to that town in 1849. In 1856 he was elected moderator in the town meeting of Merrimack, and this was the first time he ever presided over any public gathering. Since that time he has presided over more than one hundred meetings in the town where he resides. In 1859 and 1860 be represented the town of Mer- rimack in the ( leneral < Jourt. In 1866 he was chosen a member of the State Senate and served for two years, being the president of that body in 1867. Dur- ing the gr.-at Rebellion he was appointed war agent for the town of Merrimack, and so faithfully and well tlid he discharge the duties of ibis difficult posi- tion that at the close of that fearful struggle he was tendered an unanimous vote of thanks by his fellow- citizens. Mr. Parker joined the Odd-Fellows in April, 1844, and for thirty years he has been a member of the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, rising to the thirty-second grade in thai body. He is also ;i mem- ber of the Good Templars, of the Golden Cross and of tin- i rrange. Mr. Parker's religious connections led him, very early in life, in 1843, to connect himself with the Universalist parish in Nashua, and he has served his church with a fidelity and love that docs honor alike 550 HISTORx OF HILLSBOROUGH COl NTY, NKW HAMPSHIKE. to the mail and to the cause, He has served on its board of trustees man} years, and has been the super- intendent of its Sunday-school for more than ten years. But his work has nol been bounded by the narrow limits of the citj of Nashua, foi iu State and national matters appertaining to the Universalis! denomination he has been :i potent factoi I oi many years he was the presidents the New Hamp- shire State Convention, and he also served for nine years on the Board of the General Convention, seven of which he was the chairman of that body. To him also was given the distinguished honor of presiding over the great centennial festival of this people, held in Faneuil Hall. Boston, in 1870, when such men as the Rev. E. 11. Chapin, D.D., of New York, Rev. \. A. Miner, 1>.1>., of Boston, Rev. W. II. Ryder, D.D., of Chicago, and Governor Claflin graced the occasion wiili their presence and eloquence. Ii was the hist time that the lamented Dr. Chapin ever spoke in Faneuil Hall. In his whole life Mr. Parker has been an earnest and enthusiastic worker in ever) good cause. The cause of temperance and that of education have found in him a worth) champion. Feeling his own la.k of education in his youth, -for all his school- days would not make one year, he verj early became a warm friend of the schools of his town and State. Mi Parker has ever been true and outspoken in his convictions, both political and religious, and uo hope of gain or advantage could swerve him a hair's breadth from what he perceived to be his duty in those matters. In all his business relations he has been strictly honest and conscientious. In his domes- tic relations he has been faithful and devoted. He is a kind brother, a dutiful son, a devoted husband and a firm friend. In h*is married life In- has been unusually fortunate and happy. The esteem in which ho is held by his friends and neighbors is shown in the fact that during his life he has beeu called to conduct nioic than two hundred funerals. Mr. Parker's executive ability is .it' a high and rare order. This, coupled with his firm decision of character, has made him uniformly successful in , x erj position he has been called to till. But his deci- sion of character has e\ er been combined with a"Chris- 1 i.iu lo\ e. a charit) a- warm am dwells in human breast. large-hearted as ever ur\i\ oik Mei u i i:y wit. kins. Alexander McCauley Wilkins, a sou of Levi Wil- kins, was born at Merrimack, V II.. Februarj 25, L806. His mother's maiden-name was Ann Met lauley, she was a daughter of Alexander Met laulej . Jr., of Merri- mack. He lived With his lather ami worked on his father's farm. To thedistrict school lie was indebted for all the education he received, except such as he secured l>y study and reading at home; yet he im- pro\ ed his opportunities s,. well that when he reached manhood he was employed to teach during the winters in hisow n and neighboring towns, still working on the farm during the summers. 2, L884, he married Caroline Richmond Stearns, daughter of James Stearns, of \inh. rst,N. 11. At this time he changed his business from farming to lumbering. He bought mills on the Souhegan Kiwi in Merrimack, purchased lumber and manufac- tured it into heard-, shingles, clapboards, etc., and was USUall) successful in selling his products for enough to give him a lair remuneration tor his labor. Endowed by nature with unusual vigor of boti body and mind and good executive abilities, he was tor many years prominent in town affairs, lie repre- sented the town in the New Hampshire Legislature, was chairman of the Hoard of Selectmen five years and treasurer tour years. lie was for several years a director of the Indian Head Hank, at Nashua, ami served as justice of the peace tor more than a quarter of a century. He was employed to settle many large estates, and generally succeeded in satisfying the parties interested. In L856, though still carrying on the lumber busi- ness, he bought a farm and returned to his early occupation of tilling the soil, feeling that farming, it not very lucrative, was at least a healthful occupation. Here he still resides (1885), and when hi in the earl) morning to work in his fields, he feels the refreshing influence of the dewy air. and when he returns in tin.' evening from the toils of the day, alter caring tor his thick? and herds, he retires to peaceful and uudisturbed slumbers. I <■■ ' ya > ^oi /( c (, fcV<'<, Ill STORY OK M.JLKOKU ( II . 1-1 1,1' I ■ I - :>:,! HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. of Wilton, ii does ool possess a natural pond or lake. This is a physical blemish it can never overcome. It is divided substantially into two parts by the Sou- hegan River, a beautiful stream of pur.-, clear water, whose source is anion.;- the hills of Massachusetts and which affords considerable mill-power and makes itself generally useful, as it is picturesque and orna- mental. The name Souhegan, like the original names of most of the streams and mountains of New Hampshire, has an Indian origin, it being first called Souheganack. It is said to signify crooked. Ii' it does, it is rightly named, tor its meanderings areas tortuous as they are graceful and attractive. Into the Souhegan, at various points, empty sev- eral smaller streams or brooks, which find their birth in the bills of Milford and adjoining towns which bound it. These towns are Lyndeborough and Mont Vern-.n on the north, Hollis and Brookline on the south, Amherst on the east and Mason and Wilton on the west. Lyndeborough and Mont Ver- non are rugged towns, with commanding hills, and from their numerous water-sheds, in times of rain and storm, comes a large abundance of water, which floods the low, broad intervales of Milford. The goodly town has a matronly lap, but it is often full and overflowing, and while it sometimes looks as if it was having rather more than it could manage, the broad and restless river always takes care of it, and the low lands in the spring-time that follows attest the fact that they bave been embraced by the freshet. Milford is fifty miles from Boston, thirty from the Male capital, and lies in latitude between IS and 43° north and longitude between 5° ami 6° east from Washington, and became a town by an act of the Legislature of New Hampshire, passed January 11, 1794, and is therefore hut a little over fourscore years ami ten in age. Not having yet seen a century of town existence, the celebration id' its first centennial, January 11, 1894, will he an event of much interest to its devoted children. It will soon be here, for It will be interesting to see what new discoveries will have been made at the end of a little less than another decade. Who can predict what is coming-.' Who can appreciate or comprehend its significance when it has come? Marvelous inventions and revela i ions an- constantly coming to the light, and n ic is astonished. They are accepted as if they bad been long expected. They may be "The greatest srli.Mi..-* that human wit ean forge Or bold ambitioD -lares to put in practice," and yet humanity remains undisturbed and acts as if nothing had occurred ; hut On May :j0, lsi',0, Amherst, to whom we were once mldcd and from whom we were long ago divorced, cele- brated ii- centennial. Milford, by vote of the town, took an active part in the celebration. It sent one person from each school district as a committee, namely: No. 1, Oilman Wheeler; No. 2, Levi Cur- tis; v, 3, X. C. Curtis; Xo. 4, .loci H. Gutterson; No. 5, Isaac Hums; No. t the inhabitant- ni n,. Soniltvv.i.-i Iv pari i.i Amherst, the iictlh \\ esterly part of Hollis. the Mile Slip and Duxburj School farm (bo called) has been preferred, Bet- ting forth that by an act ot nn* -i j .- n . ( t i . > i pa-nli.y the Legislature of this State, on the first day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, the southwest part of Amherst aforesaid was L\ i-i nam boundaries: therein described, made a parish ; thai the tract of land therein contained is too .small tor a town ; that the inhabit- ants of the Mile Slip and l'uxhiiM School farm aforesaid an- unable to support the Gospel, build bridges and maintain schools; that a number of the inhabitants of the northwesterly part of said Hollis could be better accommodated by being annexed to tin- southwest parish in Amherst. They, therefore, prayed that they might be incorporated ami made a body Politic, with all the I 'mpi.rate powers and privileges by law vested in othei towns. And the inhabitants of the town of Amherst, in legal Town-meeting, having voted their assenl to the Bame ; i;- ii Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in i.. n< ial i '.(lit Convened, that all the lands and inhabitants within the following limits: viz., Beginning at the southwest corner of the northwest parish In Amherst aforesaid, on Lyndelwrough East liue, called the Mill |ni . thence < nitherlx mi a straight line to the sniithwe-t Comer of ]ot Xo. l!. . i--.' i- ■ .- . I bene.- miming south a I. .ml iu.-he degrees east ,s„ a- to strike the noil beast on ner ..f .John Steams 1 I,, ml, it being the northwest & rte r of Robert Col bourn's land ; then i on the same course until it . omes I-. the southeast corner of (he :-,,|.) s|, .,, ,,,■ i. IM ,i ■ tllence Westerly, bj said Steai us and William Haley laud, until it comes to the northwest corner ol said Haley land, thence w.-ieiiyt-. the north, i i - m,-i Mr liouhi's land, and so ■ n ■ ., mid and David Danforth's land, to said t.eiiihr.s northwest comer ; then..- turning southerly to the southeast coruer of Robert Darrah'a laud ; thence weal G south until it comes to Itabj easl line ; thence northerly on said Raby east line until it comes to the south line of said Amherst; thence northerly on the north line of said Kab\ to the southwest corner of Am- herst ; then, c southerly by the west line ,.f Kaby to the southeast comer of the Mil.- Slip; thence westerly to the southwest corner then,.!: t belli e iml'lhe] Iv nil e;bl 1 1 lie uf Ma-oil ,V Wilton to the nortllU.-l i ,., In I of the Mill Slip ; thence easterly on the smith line of Lyudeborougti to the souih. a-t cnriiei tli. icf ; thence northerly by the east line uf Lynde- bor.mgh to the bound tirst mentioned. Be, and the same are hereby in- MILFORD. 553 corporatedintoatown by the name of Milford ; and the inhabitants who reside and shall hen-after iv-id- within the bel ntioned boundaries .,,, made and constituteda bodj politic and corporate, and invested with all the powers, privileges and immunities which towns in this St.it.- h\ l.i « in-.- entitled tn enjoy ; to remain a distinct town and have contijiuauce and succession foi ever. Andbe it further Enacted thai Augustus Blanchard, Esquire, be, and he hereby is, authorized and cm- powered to call an ting of said inhabitants for the purpose "l i I sing all necessary Tow leers ; ami shall preside tie rein until a Moderator shall he chosen to govern said meeting, which shall be warned bj post- ing up notice thereofal the Meeting-House in said Milford, fourteen days prior to the day of holding the same, and the annual meetings for the choice of Town Officers shall be holdenon the Bret Tuesday of March annually. "Provided always lli.l lintliili- in tin- ;e I . ..n I 1 1 led shall, ill any tin- assessed (part of said Milford) from paying their proportio from the town of Amherst, or theii pro] i Present Poor of said Town and Parish, or any them as inhabitants of the said Town of Amheret ; bul tb levied and collected from the inhabitants Ol thesaid Southwest Parish w pari "i Milford al said) in the same way and mat i as it this act had not been passed ; and the present inhabitants of the said north- westerly part of said town of Hollis shall be liable to pay all taxes here- to) ; B ed on them as inhabitants ol the town of Mollis, in the "In Senate, January 11. 1794. This bill bavins had three several readings, passed to I naet.-d ; sent down bu ron.iii rem ,■, "Anna. Fosiiat, President of the Senate. "In the House of Representatives, the same day, the foregoing bill, having had a third reading, was enacted. "Nathaniel Peabodv, Speaier. "Approved 11th January, 1794, Nathaniel ! TUS Blanoha i.i ii, Deo. Sec. Town Clerk." The following is a list of the resident tax-payers in Milford April 1, 1794, which is taken from the " His- tory of Amherst : " Isaac Abb. .tt, [seat Abbott, Jr., Samuel Lhbott, Jacob Adams, Eben- ezer Averill, Elijah Ave] ill, .lames lladi-er, Rcuei ll.iblw ill, Joel llarker, Nehemiah Barker, Isaac Bartlett, Au-ustu- HI n. h..i 1. I- . n I'.l.uc haid, John Blanchard, Sin Blanchard, Oliver Dowers, John Boyntou, Jr.. Andrew I'.radford Burnani, Joshua Illinium, St.pli James Hums, John Hums, Jo Bum Stephen em. felee, kins, Peter Hopkins, So ,mon Hops „ Hopkins, Nehemiah Howard, Jeremiah Hubb i.i, Abnei 1 Barthol imew Hiit.h- insoti, Benjamin Hutchir son, Elijah Hub hi. isoi , \ ,|b ,i lint. Iiiusoii. Jr., Timothy Hutchinson I laniel Johnson, Caleb Ion, s, Jonathan .bee -. Joshua Jones, Joseph K lowltoii, Benjamin Le\ is, Jonathan Lovejoy Samuel Lovejoy, Porter Luinnes, Jotham Lun. Isaac Marshall, John Marvel, Joseph Melendy .Nathan Merrill, Joahu Moore, Stearns Need- ham, Benjamin Nevens, losiah Osgood, An . .1 : William Pea- body, Joseph Perry, Ilai el Pi 1 , ' ,ib. in Phelps, William Pow. i ■, \ n ; riest, Nathaniel 11 ■ ■■ n nt. Jacob Eii bardson, Ebene/.er Sargent, Nath: Shepard, Jotham Shi p tl b Dnai Nathaniel Soutbwi, k. .1 Vtor, V idow Taylor. Widow Temple, Bartle.l mi w rowne, Jon itbaa Towne, M Rebecca Upton, James \\ allace, John Wallace, J -,.ph Wallace, W idois Mary Wallace, John Willard, Benjamin Wrigh Milford was originally composed of five parcels of land, all of which it now contains, with one other small tract of one hundred and fifty acres, acquired from Amherst in 184U, and one from Lyndeborough in is?:'.. The five- original tracts were a part of the old town of .Muns. hi, a part of Souhegan West, the Mile Slip, Duxbury school farm, and a part of Hollis. The part taken from Monson was a Hart measuring three miles south from Souhegan River to the north line of Hollis, in the Seventh School District, and extend- ing from Milford east line to the Mile Slip, or within a mile of Wilton east line. " Monson was a small town lying between Amherst and Hollis, granted by Massachusetts and chartered April I, L746. In 1770 it was divided between Amherst and Hollis. Sep- tember 30, 1770, the charter annexing a part of Mon- son to Amherst was read in public town-meeting in Amherst." The part so annexed was as follows: "From Souhegan River southwardly, by the town of Merrimack, two miles; thence northwardly to the river; thence down the river to the place first named." The tract taken from Souhegan West included all between the river and Mont Vernon .smith line, and from the east line of the Bartlett farm east to the brook which empties into the river near the shoe-shop of the late Mr. Knowlton. The portion taken from Hollis was a tract south of Monson south line, " in- cluding more than half of the Seventh School Dis- trict." The Mile Slip was a "strip of land lying east of Monson and Wilton, extending from Brookline on the south to Lyndeborough on the north, about six miles iii length and about one mile in width." Duxbury school farm contained five or six hundred acres, lying between Lyndeborough and the rivet, and ex- tended from the Lewis farm on the west to the east line of the Bartlett farm, or to the line of Souhegan West The lands described above, which compose the town ul Milford, were first settled about thi yeai 1740. In 1741 the line between Massachusetts and New Hampshire was established so as to place the territory in New Hampshire. John Shepard and William Crosby were the lirsl settlers in Souhegan West; Elisha Towne, Josiah Crosoy, Benjamin Hutchinson, John Burns and others in Monson, and Aimer Hutchinson in Duxbury. All these names, with the exception of the lirst. are as familiar to our ears in Milford as household words, (/rushy, Towne, Hutchinson and Burns are old familiar names. In 1745, Benjamin Hopkins settled in Monson. He was ti man of wealth in those days. He owned eleven ii Ired acres of land, "situated immediately on the south side of the river, extending from the easl line of the farm now owned by William Ramsdell to the Mile Slip, near the Jacob Howard farm. This tract was granted hy Massachusetts to the town of Charles- town in aid of schools, and was then called "< harles- town school farm." Ii was then, ami undoubtedly is now, the most valuable tract of land in the town- 554 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. ship. In 1741 the proprietors of Souhegan West granted to John Shepard one hundred and twenty acres of land "adjoining the falls of the river, ex- tending to the loot of the falls," on condition that he would " build a good grist-mill, keep it in repair and grim 1 , grain for the inhabitants of Souhegan West for tin- customary and lawful toll." He built the mill in compliance with this condition, and it was kept in operation for a great many years. It disappeared, and the saw-mill took its place. It is now owned by Mr. ( Klson. In those days the river was forded below the bridge, near where the foot-bridge is now sus- pended, and it was called the "Mill Ford," and this is probably the origin of the name of the town. ElishaTownetook uphis residenceon thesouth bank OfSouhegan River, east of the village, " near where a few ancient graves remain." Andrew Bradford, who was also an early settler, lived in the north part of the town, near where Fitch Crosby now lives. He was a militia captain. Aimer Hutchinson lived near where thelate William P. Burnham lived. Nathan Hut- chinson, who came here in 1748, located and lived on the Searles farm, on the south side of the river. Captain Josiah Crosby lived whereM. I\ Crosby now lives. He commanded a company of militia at the battle of Bunker Hill. John Burns, of Scotch origin, who came here from the north of Ireland in 1786, and settled in Milford in 1746, lived near where the late Joseph Burns lived. He first located in Notting- ham. These are the most prominent of the early settlers of the town. They were, without an exception, strong, resolute, sensible, honorable men. Their descendants, for the most part, have proved worthy of their an- cestry. As the town was incorporated after the Revolution, it cannot boast of the patriotism of its citizens in that memorable struggle. It could not send its sons to Lexington, Bunker Hill, Saratoga or Ticonderoga, for their battles had been fought before the town ex- isted. The men who left the plow and became Minute- Men.orwho fought at Bunker Hill and els. where, who belonged to the soil now embraced in her terri- torial limits, are credited to Amherst and Hollis, and they can exult over the honorable and noble list. This territory had defenders in every battle above-named. It helped Warren at Bunker Hill and Ethan Allan at Ticonderoga. Among its sons were heroes. They were all patriots. Their lot was not an easy one ; for more than thirty years before the Revolution they were constantly confronted anil menaced by Indian savages. They were always compelled to be vigilant. They possessed nothing that did not require defense. No wonder the New Hampshire troops at Charles- town were among the most effective and formidable in that splendid campaign! The territory of Milford was given in recognition of brave and patriotic deeds. A large part of it was granted by the province of Massachusetts to " officers and soldiers belonging to the Province who were in the ser\ it f their country in the Xarraganset War, and to their Heirs and assigns or lawful Representa- t i \ i-.." The grants were made from 1728 to 1733. 1 In an order adopted by the House of Representa- tives of this province, January 19, 1731-32, the lid- lowing splendid tribute was paid to the brave and noble men who fought the early battles of New Eng- land. In it the House, filled with honest and just gratitude, give eloquent reasons why these tearless men should be rewarded with a suitable grant of land: "Ami one great Reason is tbat there was a Proclamation made i" the Army in the name of the Governm'nt uUvingevid when thej .loin- ; and, as the conditions have been performed, certainly the Promise, in all equity and justice, oughl i fulfilled; and if we consider the difficulties these bravi men went through in storming the fort in thi Depth of Winter, and the pinching want they afterward underwent In pursuing 1 1 > • - Indians that ea aped thro .' hid a wilderness, famouslj known throughuut New Knghiml I" tins day 1 >y the name ..I the hungrj n .,,, i, an i u we further consider that, until this brave tho' Bmall army Hi ns played the man, the whole Country was filled with Distress and fear. and we trembled in the capital, Boston, Itself, and that to the Goodness ofGodtothie army we owe out lathi re and wn Safetj and Estates; We cannot but think yt those Inst nun' is ,,t our Deliverani c and Safi tj ought to be, not. nily justly, but sIbo gratefullj and generously, rewarded, and even wit uch mure than they prayed for. If we measure w't they leeeive tClil n- by w't w.- eli.|"\ mid h.tve l'e.eived flVin til. -Ill, We liee-t not mention to ye Hon ble Boord the Wisdom, Justice i Senerositj oi inn Uothe m andye \ int Romanson bui h occasions Triumphs, Orations. Hereditary Honors and privileges, All tin- Riches, Landand spoils id' war mid e. .n.|iiei ..1 ...inline- ).;ne nut been thought too great for lln.se t.. win. 111 liny have not ..wed inure, it's., much as we do to those our Deliverers, and we ought further to observe, what greatly adds to their merit, that they w.-re not vag ndsand Beggars and outcasts, of whi.h ai lines :.r- suinetiines -ideiahly made up, to run the Hazzard I the Dangi ■ ol Stat ■■•••- — Fat hum this, that these were some ol thi best of our men, the Fathers and suns ..f some of ye greatest and best nf ulir families, and .ulll.1 have im ntber view but to serve ye country and wl i..d wis plea-.. I, ar.nr.lim:ly. ill a very remarkable manner, to Honor and Blicceed. It is not strange that such an appeal reached the hearts of the Legislature and that the grant was made. It is not strange that an inheritance, bequeathed with such eloquence and in consideration of such matchless heroism, should be honored with such a gracious and goodly prosperity. CHAPTER II. MILFORD— {Continued). HAVING now some knowledge of the lands ami hereditaments which Milford obtained through the grace of the State, let us see what she then had for men, women and institutions, aside from those already mentioned. They were i'ow. The first town-meeting, which was held March 4, hap. II. MILFORD. 1794, shows only twenty-five votes for Governor, the only person voted for beingJohn T. Gilman. At this meeting Jacob Flinn was chosen moderator and Au- gustus Blanchard, town clerk ; Augustus Blanchard, Jacob Flinn and Benjamin Hutchinson, selectmen; William Crosby, town treasurer ; and Benjamin French, constable. It is doubtful if the entire population of the new town was then over seven hundred. It had one hundred and thirty-nine tax-payers. Their modes of getting about were slow and tedious. There were but two chaises owned in town. The principal method of traveling was on foot and horseback. One saddle and pillion served to accommodate an entire family, although their children were as man} as the old woman had " who lived in a shoe." An ox-team carrying the whole family to church was a common and usual sight. Children who walked. ]>otli girls and boys, carried their shoes in their hands till they gOl ill 3igh1 of the church-door. Shoe-leather was of too much consequence to he wasted. It the skin on " de heel" was worn off. it would grow on again; hut the wear from the tap of the shoe required cash to re- place, [t was twenty-five years before horse-wagons were known in town, and then for many years they were without springs; but they were looked upon as a wonderful invention. None hut the wealthy could have them. When to them was added the elliptic spring, which soon followed, and which may he re- garded as the dawn of comfort in matters of locomo- tion, the horse-wagon was an alisolute luxury. It had hut one church parish, and that was in its youth, having been organized after a part of Monson had been aggregated to Amherst, and which was an offshoot from the Amherst Church. It was consti- tuted a church parish in 17S2 (which was hut twelve years before Milford was incorporated), " for transact- ing ministerial affairs only," and was organized as a church by an ecclesiastical council, November 19, 1788. The council consisted of Jonathan Livermore, Ahiel Fiske, John Bruce, Moses Putnam, Ebenezer Rockwood, Richard Ward, Daniel Mansfield and William Bradford, and the church as then constituted was c posed of the following individuals: Stephen Burnham, Caleb Jones, Elisha Hutchinson, John Wallace, Joseph Wallace, Nathan Hutchinson. Thos. Hums. Jonathan Towne, Benjamin < lonant, Benjamin Hutchinson, William M.-lcndv, Jonathan Jones. The record shows that attached to the covenant are the names of James Wallace, Hannah Bradford, Mary Burnham, Sarah Hutchinson, Letitia Wallace, Mary Wallace and Betsy Wallace Down to the time of tin' incorporation of the town it does not appear to have had a settled minister. It had built a church edifice. The parishioners, Janu- ary 14, 17*:!, voted to build il twenty-five rods south of Shepard's bridge, which would have placed it near the corner, where Dr. S. S. Stickney formerly lived, now owned by Gilbert Wadleigh. Esq. ; hut the vote was afterward annulled, and the meeting-house was finally erected ten rods northwest of that site, "be- tween two pitch-pine stump-." This was when- the elm-grove now stand- on the common in the village. Augustus lilanchard, who was evidently a man of some standing, was parish clerk, as he was subse- quently town clerk. The little hand of strug-has worked hard to get their meeting-house, as an exami- nation of their records shows. Il was many years before it was completed. The frame of the building was raised in tin- summer of 1784. It was a big job. It must have been, for the parish voted that "the committee provide 1 barrel of rum, 2 hands cider and one quarter of sugar tor the raising." It would seem that tile people in those days were quite temper- ate in one respect, and that was sugar. Their extrav- agance appears to have been in the direction of ruin ami cider. That raising undoubtedly raised a great crowd. In our day it would raise something beside a crowd: it would raise the wind and probably some- thing worse. They came from Mont Vernon, Am- herst, Lyndeborough, Wilton ami elsewhere. The timbers were heavy, "rough hewn and green;" but they had to rise, for there was muscle in that crowd, and spurred on by one barrel of rum and two barrels of cider sweetened with one quarter of sugar, nothing could stand before the grip ot our "noble fathers." The building was raised and no one killed. Eleven years before, tic good people of Wilton raised :i meeting-house. Wilton was settled in 1789, more than half a century before Milford was incor- porated. It had its centennial in 1839. Rev. Eph raim Peabody delivered the oration, and from it we quote the following graphic a. -count of the raising of Wilton's meeting-house : '■ Tin \ c tenced raising tl Septeml-<*i 7, 17;:; '• Sn. h tli in-- u.-n- conducted differently then from what they are now. n was con- sidi red the work of two days. People cami from distant towne i" see the spectacle. There was great note of preparation. r.vn l r ■ i ■ ■ 1 1 1 1 . . 1 i In- i-ni-eis. mnl ;uupl-' pensions w- strangers. •' It \vn< :i l.--:illtiful Sept. -Mill. •[' llnTIiii; : \n.| . i:. :i ;. !■' ■ v.'iy i...i.l, :ui. I h..ni On. neighboring bers, m- ri v, n and children i the show some practiced the method, unknown in modern ).,:!,. II wo .ill |.i. j..ii. j . r t j . « I J T ti .■ u .0 a tl aid he lui " tit -" If aie . that tbey wanted u>> f.watds there. Indiitnaut, he imra down and started off for his wife with The purpose ..f returning home. But bef he had reached Hi Baldwin's the men had already pro- If. I forward, confident iiii.l elated at their progress. Tbey were i Ilie iin-lipporled beam and the planks ant rested on it. They »«vr.u.iiis»p. with much exertion and shouts ■ ■! ■ if l -, W ii.'il -llddflllv. I- .... K, hf saw the tram.' ali.-ady . 1 ■■ .. ted tleln- hle, the men shrink back aghast, the building seemed t i. foi amo- m.-ut I., an. Iff", an.l suddenly all. timhers ami h»t- ami u. lushed down together in one uiiiiflfd ma- n I . i-h was -o I..11.I a.- tuhe heard neatly a mile. Flu a moment all was silent, and then the ail was filled with Lti...ui* and outcries and shriek* .■!' terror. There were fifty-three men. at tie- fiait.e that 1 II. Three were instantlj killed, two died very shortly aftci ward-, .ilea- weie 1 ripple. I for life, and most ..I tlt.-t.i wen in t wounded. ti.,| the . •.. til made at tie' time, it -a hoi. 1 ■■ . I -i 1 L.i r 1 . . 1 1 ..t' lie' town - 11, women and children— was -fan fly live hundred ll tvas like nv men lost overboard from aship atsea. It caused a feneral mourn were few families whir h had not lost a friend ... .itud-'d." Thi- was indeed a terrible event. There are those win. think the cause of the disaster was the fact that the authorities, by vote of the town, furnished one barrel of West India nun. five barrels of New Eng- land rum, inie barrel of good brown sugar, half a box ill' good lemons ami two loaves of loaf sugar. ' m course, the good people of the Mill- nil parish had in.t forgotten the Wilton tragedy, and, displaying that sagacity ami caution which has always distinguished its citizens, and resolving that it should uot be re- peated in the history of their church, they prudently and wisely avoided lemons at their raising. They evidently recognized the necessity of having some- thing sour, and so they procured two barrels of eider. g 1 and hard, for the occasion. In 1771 Amherst had built and raised a meeting- house. They entertained the crowd with New Eng- land rum. ami when the frame was up they had a wrestling-match. It would therefore seem that raisings were then festive affairs. It was nearly seventy-five years from the time of the raising oi' the Milford meeting-house before the custom of furnishing intoxicating liquors tit a raising was wholly discontinued. For more than half a century the propriety of it has been questioned by many right-thinking people, and happily now the 1 1 practice i- unknown, probably, throughout N'ew England. David < i Iwin, "in- of the very excellent citizens of Milford, now dead, who, by vote of the tow n. March 11. 1862, was chosen town historian, to record the events of the( ivil War as connected with Milford, and to whose gleanings, through the courtesy of his family, the writer is indebted for many facts contained in this sketch, was the first to attack this practice in Milford. tame of his dwell- e n ishing to i ncourage tl npi i am e i ause whichhad i" gun I i be agitated throughout the county, tired to try," as he says, " the experiment of raising the frame by the aid of a substitute for ardent spirit, previous notice being given to that effect. It proved completely successful. Others followed the example, and now it would he coii.-idered di-reputable if ;in\ one should presume to furnish any kind of distilled liquor tit a raising." All honor to David Goodwin anil those who acted with him in bringing about a new public sentiment which stamped as disreputable a practice of long standing, which had not only killed men with falling timbers at public raisings, hut had afforded innumer- able opportunities and inducements to form a habit which bad for years borne an annual crop of poverty. distress and death ! The first church structure in time was completed. What bard work it was to accomplish the task can with difficulty be understood. September 2, 1784, the parish voted "to board and shingle the meeting-house it.iitt. , and that the job be let out to the lowest bidder." Benjamin Hopkins gave the nails. Many others con- tributed in small ways toward the erection of the first temple in the parish. It was a perfectly plain build- ing ai first ; but March 17. 1785, it was determined " to have porches," ami "thai the work he done at three shillings per day." In size the bouse was made, agreeably to vote. " the same as the meeting-house in the northwest parish of Amherst," now Mont Vernon. This first church in Milford po-scsses great interest to us now. tor it was for a long time the town-house. Tlic town appropriated money and was taxed a- regu- larly for preaching in this church as for schools. In- deed, the annual appropriation for many years was larger lor the former than the hitter. At the first town-meeting, held, as before stated, March 4, 1 7.'4. they voted forty pounds or one hundred and thirty- three dollars for schooling and seventy-five pounds or iwo hundred and fifty dollars tor preaching, and this "a- followed up for many years. The town really owned the church. There was but one parish in the » bole township. The interior construction of the house was after the fashion that prevailed in those times. For a while there were three porches through which the building was cnii fcdi. one each on the east, west and south, which was the front entrance. In 1802 the west porch was taken off and removed to the bank of the Souhi a in upon Mr. Knowlton's land, and litis been used since for tl -Ion' -hop. ( >n the mil l!i ..!. Of tin house was the great pulpit. It probably bad a sounding board, as tin Wilton meeting-bouse had, and a- the Old South Church, Boston, had and litis, in 1802 the town built ti belfry "similar to that in Francestown," and soon after Mr. Perkins Nichols, of Boston, a na- tive of \mherst, presented the town with a hell which weighed eight hundred pounds and cost four hundred dollars. It still hangs in the tower of tile old town- house. The pews were large square pens, with seats which could l>e raised up and let fall after prayer in a way that would leave no room for doubt that some- thing had occurred. It had a gallery on three sides, arranged also into square and long pews. It took ten years to build this meeting-house, but it was at last accomplished, and the old church, acting in the double capacity of a place for worship and for town transaction.-, amply repaid its builders by its great work, faithfully done, through several genera- tions. It stood where it was built until the summer of 1847, when it was removed about tour rods to the northeast of its original location and fitted for a town hall. Under the town hall, stores were put in, while in the basement there was an engine-house, lobby, etc. The Congregational ( 'hurch, which assisted in building it, sold its interest to the town, and thereupon pro- ceeded to erect a new and more commodious structure, and located it where it now stands, having since en- larged it, built a vestry and adorned the grounds around it with beautiful elms. Later on a brief resume of its more recent history will be given, as well as that of the town hall. The first bridge built by Mil ford was on the spot where the arch bridge now stands, and was put in place of one which had been carried away by a freshet, the first one. which was a wooden bridge, having been placed there in 1783. The new- bridge, built in 1808, was called the Ball Bridge, on account of the white balls on its tour corner-posts, and was eighteen feet wide, with one pier in the middle, and cost two hundred anil sixty dollars. March -'in, 1795, Milford sent its first representative to the Legislature, but not alone, for it was classed for that purpose with Baby (now Brookline). William Peabody was elected for one year. Hereinafter will be found a list of all the men who have since then acted as representatives and senators of Milford in the General Court of the Granite State. It will be seen that the first representative elected by Milford alone was Augustus Blanchard, who was chosen in 1799. This same Augustus Blanchard was also, a- appears, the first parish clerk. The "King's Highway." — About the first work that the early settlers of a country have to do, if they are ambitious to become civilized, is to establish and build highways and bridges. Highways, like steam- ships and railroads, being the indispensable promoters of trade and commerce, do more to advance and spread civilization than all other secular agencies employed by man. This fact seems to have impressed itself upon the minds of the New England settler-. They gave unremitting attention to the building of roads and bridges. After the log hut came, at the earliest possible moment, the traveled path leading to it. It soon widened into a broad highway. There was no hill so steep ami no barrier so impassable as to prevent its approach. This traveled path always had a habitation at each end and frequently along its side>. It was a sure indication of business and social life. It was the forerunner and herald of the church, the school, the -tore, the village and trade. It signi- fied commerce, a state and finallv a nation. began at once to lay out The first settlers of Mi and build convenient highways. Probably the first highway in the territory of Mil- ford originated in the path, and is the one on the south side of Souhegan River, and is the old road leading from Portsmouth to New Ipswich. If there ever was a record of its layingout, it was burned at Portsmouth. It is the same old highway over which old Mr. Gibbs traveled, carrying the United States mail in Ins sad- dle-bags. The first bridge on this highway, between Milford and Wilton, was built agreeably to an act of the General Court, passed April 2, 177'.', " to oblige tin' County of Hillsborough to build and maintain a bridge across the Souhegan River in the Mile Slip, so called.'' It was subsequently, in 1835, rebuilt by the town, and is one id' Lang's patent three-truss bridges, It is called the •' County bridge." The next high- way, in point of time, is the one on the north side of the Souhegan, leading also from Milford to Wilton. There are other highways in town whose history it is now impossible to trace, many coining into existence by long-continued use and without any formal laying out, as it is called. They weir es- tablished, and had been for years, when the town secured its charter. In 1847 the road from the stone bridge past the hotel was laid out and built on the west side of the common. Franklin Street was also built by the town the same year. In 1850 the foot-bridge across the Souhegan was built, the town appropriating one hun- dred dollars and the balance raised by subscription, the subscribers having the right to act with select- men in locating it. In 1845 a granite bridge across the Souhegan, in place of Shepard's bridge, was commenced, and fin- ished at an expense of two thousand dollars, but it was noi satisfactory, and the next year it was made over in a more substantial and thorough manner at a total cost of five thousand dollars, completing one [of the finest bridges in the State The bridge across the Souhegan at Jones' Crossing was built in 1S72. It is a thorough and handsome structure. March, 1*74, the town voted to name th streets, and Charles 15. Tuttle was chosen to do it. Street lamps were first put up in 1875. Settlement of Humphrey Moore.— Down to 1802 the one church of the town had been without any set- tled pastor. It had made many attempts, but none >. i id tosuit. April 2d, 1802, the town voted to con- cur with the church in giving Rev. Humphrey Moore a call to settle with them as their minister, with tin then tempting offer of six hundred dollars settlement, four hundred dollars annually and two hundred dol- lars annually after he should become superannuated. Humphrey Moore was a native of Princeton, Ma-s., and was graduated at Harvard College in 1800. He was ;, man of mark. For more than a third of a century he was a moral, religious ami intellectual force in Milford and town- about. He was orthodox 558 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. through and through. He preached " the word " aB he understood it, without extenuating, changing or abating one jot or tittle. It mattered not who it hit or where it cut, he applied it to every question and phase of life, and whatever and whoever could not stand that test was rejected by him. This was the character of the man whom the town and church invited to become their minister. His reply to their invitation was not only character- istic of the man, but of the times in which he lived. It was as follows : "Milford, lug. -. L802. " Men and Brethren •• ILmi.i; i..rru.,l y.nlr invitation to taUe tin- i .. l _ ? . . r . . I . ;ir. "1 tli.- Ilorl in thi-i plan-, I I. ■ 1 nivs. It" nn.l.-r obligations to m.ik. you no biatrial acknowledgments for the honor of your general approbation, "Alter much deliberation, with diffidence in myself, with bo] I your candor, of \..iu t. i, i.-i n..~ an.l l-n- f tl-.-.a. with an inexperi- enced ....nil, m nil hopi r thi ol ia.no f 2 r p it peace and ■ I « "li depen lem e upo I foi wis lom profitable to di- — "-"'" *° This, it will be observed, was directed to "men and brethren." The "mothers in Israel " were left out. In those days these " mothers " were nol allowed to teach in the common schools, to lead in public prayer or take any active part in religious worship. They could listen and learn. It was the " men and breth- ren " upon whose broad shoulders the pillars of church and state rested. It is only a few years since a Pres- byterian minister was arraigned by his denomination because he dared to permit a woman to tell the story of the cross from the top of the pulpit-stairs. But all this is now changed; fortunately for the church, women arc not only permitted, but urged to lead in public religious work. The modern church, if it de- pended solely upon the " men and brethren " to do Christian work, would soon languish into utter inac- tivity and would be powerless. The call and acceptance being accomplished, it be- came necessary to settle Mr. Moore firmly and for- mally amidst his people. He must be publicly en- trusted, after the manner of the church, with "the pastoral care of the flock." In other words, he must be ordained. This occurred October L3, 1802. The ordination of a minister at that time, like the raisin"; of a meeting-house, was a great event. It at- tracted always the whole population. Everybody at- tended, — the old. young, rich, poor, the religious and irreligious. Mr. Moore's ordination was particularly important. He was the first minister the town of Milford ever had. The church had given audience to some seventy different candidates. He was the picked man among the seventy. The people were anxious to see him, and they wauled to see each other, and they all knew that everybody would be there. The town had made liberal appropriation for his salary. Everybody was to be taxed, and of course they wanted to see the man on whose account they were to be assessed. The day came, and the popu- lace came. The church wasn't big enough to hold them. They took out the windows ami built a plat- form outside for the accommodation of those who couldn't get in. It was on a superb October day. The exercises of ordination were impressive. First they had an anthem. Rev. Ebenezer Hill, of Mason, made the introductory prayer. The Rev. Elijah Dunbar, of Peterborough, delivered a sermon from Luke ix. 60. The ordaining prayer was by Rev. Jacob Bitmap, of Merrimack; the charge by Rev. Jeremiah Barnard, of Amherst ; concluding prayer by Rev. Lemuel Wadsworth, of Brookline ; and the bene- diction by Mr. Moore. The surrounding towns were mostly represented. Possibly Wilton wasn't orthodox enough to have a hand in the ordination exercises. Now, while these exercises wen- going on there were certain small performances, like side-shows to a circus, near by. In a building south of the common, and opposite the meeting-house, which is now owned by Mr. Wallace, and which contained the first store in Milford. there was a small hall. In this hall the young people assembled while the ordination services wen progressing, and had a social dance, and Parson M,,., re said he "could hear the music." Who will say that the music and the dancing were not graceful and harmless expressions of honest delight in the fortunate advent of the new minister in the new town, which he greatly honored in his splendid career of a third of a century ? During his ministry three hundred and thirty-rive additions to the church were made, and although dis- missed March 9, 1836, he remained in Milford and died in his parish. April 8, 1871, at the age of ninety- three, lie was a man of wit ami wisdom, piety and brains. His life was unblemished and his character without a stain. At the time of Mr. Moore's settlement there was probably a population in the town of eight or nine hundred people. There was but one church, ami till worshiped under the same roof. This con- tinued down to 1809. The new minister, therefore, had a good audience to confront each Sabbath morn- ing, and lie generally satisfied them. Gradually new seet> ami other churches worked into the town and commanded a share of public attention. ( ' H A P T E R MILFORD— {Com -Methodist -Catholic First Baptist Church of Milford.— As a number of persons living in Milford and vicinity, had em- braced Baptist views, united with the Baptist Church in Mason, and as Mason was too hard to reach, they were permitted bj that church to associate together ami enjoy church privileges in Milford, ami were designated as a "Branch of Mason Church." MILFORD. In June, ISO", they petitioned the Mason Church to he set off as a distinct and independent church. Accordingly, a council was called from the following churches, viz.: Second Baptist Church in Boston, Bapl isl < 'Imrclics in I hiblin, New Huston and Wearo, together with the church in Mason, which proceeded, on the 5th of September, 1809, to organize "The First Baptist Church in Milford/' and adopted a con- stitution, articles nt faith and by-laws. It then consisted of thirty-one members; since then seven hundred and eighty-five persons have united with the church, making a total of eight hundred and six- teen. Present membership (January 1". 1885), two hundred and eighty. The church wasconnected with the Boston Baptisl Association until the Milford Baptist Association was formed, October 15, 1828. The report they made at the first session of the asso- ciation was "that they had enjoyed an interesting revival within the past year which still continues. Twelve have been baptized. The season has been truly refreshing. The church has done re tor the cause of missions than in any preceding year. They recommend entire abstinence from the use of ardent spirits, and have, in many instances, set tin' example. They have a Sabbath-school of about sixty scholars and propose to continue it through the winter." The largest number that have united with the church in any one year was sixty-one in 1831. Their place of worship during the first eight years was tin school-house in District No. L\ Rev. William Elliott had tin- pastoral care of the church the first three years of its existence, preaching for them on the first Sabbath of each month. The church wis supplied with preaching byseveral minis- ters, a short time each, until 1812, when George Evans, a licensed preacher from South Reading, Mass., commenced his labors with them, and con- tinued to preach for them until KX17. The settled pastors have been, and in the order, as follows, viz.: Ezra Wilmarth, one year; Matthew Holies, four years: George Evans, two years ; Samuel Everett, eight years: Mark Carpenter, seven years; .1. G. Richardson, lour years: Orrin it. Stearns, three years; Ira Person, five years; Edward Anderson, five years; J. W. Horton, three years; \Y. 1!. Clapp, one year; J. 1). Tilton, seven years; R. B. Moody, six years; E. J. Deane, two years; H. W. Tat.', present pastor. Deacon Isaac Bartlett, a deacon of the Mason Church, officiated in like capacity in the " Branch of Mason Church " until it was organized in due form. Andrew Hutchinson and Ebenezer Pearson were or- dained deacons, and officiated until disqualified by the infirmities of age. Their successors have been William Wallace, Aimer II. Haiti, tt (son of Isaac B.), George F. Bartlett (son of Aimer Hi. Aaron Mills, William P. Colburn. The clerks have been Andrew Hutchinson, Joel Howe. \V. Wallace. ( teorge F. Bartlett, W. N. Harts- horn, William P. Heald, David C Iwin, J. M. Stanyan, H. .1. Parker, George \. Worcester. Trea- surers, Andrew Hutchinson, E. Pearson, Benjamin Goodwin, John Mace, Daniel Putnam, Daniel Cram, Calvin Averill, Jeremiah Hood, A. Mills, George Melendy, Mrs. (1. A. Worcester. By an act of the New Hampshire Legislature, the First Baptist Society in Milford was incorporated June 7, 1813. Their meeting-house was I mill in 1816 (on the hill, about thirty-five rods northwest of the -tone bridge, upon the lot now owned by < i. A. Wor- cester), at a cost of about three thousand dollars. It was originally fifty-four by forty-two feet, without tower, with square pews, high pulpit, — so high that a man could stand under the front part of it, which was supported by two fluted pillars, and had a Unlit of stairs to get into it. There were wide galleries. with a row of pews against the wall and free seats in front. After the frame was raised, boarded and shingled it was used for a while before being finished. The finished house was dedicated February II. 1817 (the same day George Evans was ordained), the ser- mons upon the occasion being preached by Rev. l>rs. Baldw in and Sharp, of Boston. In 1836 it was moved from the hill to its present location, and a vestry finished underneath it. In l.S-lt! it was enlarged by the addition of fifteen feet to the front, and a tower built, the pulpit reduced in height, the galleries reduced in width, the old pews removed and modern "slips" substituted, all at a cost of about seventeen hundred dollars. In 1856 a bell was hung in the tower, weighing fourteen hundred and fifty-one pounds, and costing thirty-two cents per pound without the hanging The total cost was about five hundred dollars. In 1X74 the pews were relinquished by the owners to the society, and a lot of laud more centrally located was purchased, and work upon a new church commenced June 3, 1874, and completed and dedi- cated January 21, 1875, Rev. Dr. Lorrimer, of Boston, preaching the sermon. The edifice is commodious, being fifty-five by eighty t'vi-t , with a spire one hun- dred and fifty feet high, and contains all the modern arrangements for comfort and usefulness, and was erected at a cost of twenty-two thousand dollars, the old house being meanwhile sold to the Methodist Episcopal ( Ihurch. Unitarian Church. — The first Unitarian church of Milford was organized in its present form in 1870. Many years before, however, a liberal movement had I. em begun, and a pioneer society formed as early as 1833, which continued to hold meetiiiL>s ;,t intervals down to the date of the new society. But it was never strong ami was usually without a settled minister. In 1-7H il was formed on a new basis, with better promise of permanence. It adopted a platform of fellowship, pledging mutual co-operation in "main- taining the institutions of religion and in all ( Jhristian HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. work." It lias a membership of most excellent people. In 1878 tin' -<>.ii!\ l.i u:ni the erection of a new and beautiful church on Elm Street, just west of the busi- ness part of the town. The material is granite, quarried in the neighborhood, laid up in broken ash- lar work with cut-stone trimmings, and finished in the interior in hard wood. Georgia pine being used for the trusses, and ash and birch for the other work. In style it is a modification of the old English chapel architecture, a low. wandering building, with towers and gables on all sides. The auditorium, chapel, parlor and other rooms are all on one floor and con- nected with lifting doors, so as to reinforce each other n 01 casions. Rich, stained-glass windows, picturing the chief thoughts of the gospel, add much to the beauty of the building. It is a very thorough piece- of work, and has 1 n built at intervals, as money could I" 1 obtained, so as to avoid debt. Though substantially finished, some furnishings remain to be added. It lias not yet been dedicated. Altogether, it is the most unique and noticeable piece of architecture in Milford and is very creditable to the society. Ii is one of the hand- - imesl i lunches in the State. Rev. Aubrey M. Pendleton, the pastor of the society, through whose tireless work this gem of a church has bei deserves great credit for his perseverance and suc- The ministers of the society have been John E. Johnson, Samuel K. Priest, Loring E. Beckwith and Aubrey M. Pendleton. Methodist Church. — This society is of comparative recent establishment in town. In 1855 and 1856, an article being inserted in the warrant for that purpose, the town voted to ad ipl a resolution, which was pre- sented by Jacob Gove, that they have the free use of the town hall for one year. The growth of the society since then has been slow. It has recently purchased of the Baptist society its old church edifice. - in pastor is Rev. Mr. Johnson. The Catholic Church— It stand, on the tract of land which was taken from Amherst and annexed to Milford in 1843. It is in good condition, but small in numbers. Rev. Father Bucklee, of Wilton, has the pastoral care of the church. Congregational Church after 1834.— The < longre- gational Church built a new meeting-housi town purchased the pew-holders' rights, in 1834. It was dedicated in October of that year. The house milt seventy by fifty feet. Afterwards eighteen feet was inserted in front of the pulpit. The bell lout twelve hundred pounds. It ha added largely to its vestry. It has no parsonage. The church was organized November 19, 1788, with nineteen members. It has admitted into the church since, nine hundred and forty-eight. Whole number of present members three hundred and fifty-eight. It has had in all twelve deacons and eighteen clerks. It- present clerk is I>. S. Burnham. Its pastors have been Humphrey M e, ordained October 13, 1-"-'. dismissed -March 9, 1836; .1. W. Salter, installed April 27, 1836, dismissed October 24, 1838; Abner B. Warner, ordained February o, lNM'J, dismissed Octo- ber 27, 1846; Lycurgus P. Kimball, installed May 19, 1847, dismissed August 7. 1849; E. N. Hidden, installed November 21, 1849, dismissed April7,1858; S. C. Kendell, installed April 7. 1858, dismissed October 15, 1860; E. D. Ayer, ordained Maj 1. 1861, dismissed September 8, 1867; Geo. E. Freeman, in- stalled December ■!:'■, Isiis. dismissed December 14, 1871 : George Pierce, Jr., installed October 29, 1872; Rev. Mr. Lamb, Rev. Mr. Taintor, and its present pastor is J. ( '. Rollins. Schools. — It is difficult now to give the number of school children in Milford in 1794 or the con- dition of the schools; but from all that can be as- certained, it is evident that there were but a small number of each. The settler.- of the town were worthy descendants of the Pilgrims, a cardinal virtue of theirs being the careful education of the young. The old district school of the good old New Eng- land town has never been improved, ami never will be in many respects. It did not po-^-ss the intricate machinery and mysterious wisdom of' the modern school arena, hut it did have plain solid merit. It tuned out a set of boys and girls wdio could read, Mtu.. spell, cipher and think. The graduating dress and plug-hat were unknown. The method- of tie school-room were terribly practical. The object of the teacher seemed to be to turn out a person who could think and act wisely and safely for himself, to make him know something and know it absolutely. 'fhe schools of -Milford were fully up to the average. It would be interesting tc lice some of the good old school teachers who reigned in the Milford winter school-room. They did splendid work. They helped to make a set of excellent men ami women. Of course, the term- of school were short, and continued only through the winter months. The school money for the whole town, at the date of its incorporation, was less than one hundred and fifty dollars. The wages of the teachers were small. The master usually "boarded round," and in that way the term was materially lengthened ; and the time was so short that every moment was improved with religious perseverance. March 7. 1 7!'7 . the town was divided into Beven school districts or classes. It i> not easy to determine from the record the exact history of the school dis- tricts. In 1821 it speaks of six classes, in I sl'l' o»' seven districts. In 1852 District No. 1, which was the village district, was divided, making one and nine, and at this time there were nine districts In 1853 the large brick school -house in No. 1, which is capable of holding two hundred scholars, wa- built- in 1867 Districts No- 4 and 8 were united into No. 4. Iii 1871 the present system of graded schools took the place of the old district system, or, rather, the town has gone back to the first system which prevailed in the province and State. In 1872 the school-house in what was formerly No. 8 was sold and the land re- verted to its former owner, John Daniels. 1 p to March 11. 1834, the town had been collecting a fund called the Literary Fund, and it was at this time divided, and each district was to receive one- eighth ; but March 8, 1835, it was voted not to confirm the vote passed at the animal meeting of 1834, but that the select men be empowered to make a division and distribution, according to the valuation of 1831, among the different classes at or In-fore January 1, 1836. "The Milford Academy" w;is incorporated June 24, 1835. The proprietors purchased a lot of land and erected a convenient building; hut, having no permanent fund to sustain it.it never flourished. Tin' building was sold for a dwelling-house. " The Female Seminary " was incorporated about the same time; but, like other similar institutions without funds, it soon began to decline. The build ing is now used as a vestry for the Congregational Church. It was at one time used, in part, to accom- modate the district school. In the village or High School young men an' pre- pared for college ami young ladies receive a good education. The schools are liberally supported and carefully watched. Young people from Wilton, Lyndeborough and < ueentield of late have been in the hal.it of att, •tiding the High School tit Milford, which indicates the estimation in which the school is held. The school-houses throughout the town are in ex- cellent condition, and worthy the character of tin- people. The Milford Lyceum was organized November 7, 1831. Meetings for lectures, essays and debates were held every week. The hist president was Rev. H. Moore: J. W. A. Smith, secretary; A. Lovejoy, treasurer; S. Peabody, Esq., S. K. Livermore and Dr. John Wallace, curators. The organization flourished for many years, and did much good. The subjects canvassed were numer- ous and interesting. During much of its existence it was conducted wholly by home talent. Essays, more or less learned, lectures, more or less instructive, and discussions, more or less entertaining, were indulged in by the men and women of the town. The records of the club are still preserved, and indicate its character. The members did not hesitate to grapple with science, astronomy, philosophy, ethics and the affairs of state. Most of the questions considered were settled on the spot, at 1 1 i e close of the debate, by vote of the assembly. The old-fashioned New England lyceum was a splendid institution, and it is a pity it i- not kept up at the present day. It has never had a fitting sub- stitute and never will. Newspapers. — The first newspaper published in Milford was in 1847. W.Bradford published it. It was called the Milford Weekly Mirror. It was soon discontinued. In 1848 a paper called the Souhegan Sttiwlttnl, dedicated to "free soil," was published for a while. Afterwards, in 18">7, tin- publication of the Mill'iiril Jirjiiihlii-nii »;i- begun, and continued under that name for several years. Its first issue was Jan- uary 7, 1857, and it was edited by Dr.Colby; J. Garfield succeeded him as editor, who turned over the editorial duties to K. V Boutwell, having served but a short time. Mr. Boutwell was editor for several years, but ultimately went to Leominster, Mass., w here he has since, until recent ly, published a paper. At the present time the name of Milford's paper is the Milford Enterprise. It is skillfull-, edited > George E Foster, Esq., and i~ highly valued bj the citizens of the town, as it is by those living away who ha\ c an interest in all that concerns her people. The paper has always been, as it i- now. a helpful moral force in the community, and a source of much pleasure to its readers. Public Library.— ngparenl words tn i ■ --I i tbei age/ Milford became interested early in its history in books, June 1, 1796, several gentlemen of Milford, with a lew from Amherst, got an act of incorporation from the Legislature, establishing an organization b) the name of "The Milford Social Library Proprietors." It prospered well for a time; but the books became worn, and as they had no fund with which to increase or replenish the library, it languished, and, February 14, 1832, tin- concern was closed out by auction. In due time tin- subjeel of Looks was again agitated, and, like all good movements, forced it-elf upon the attciit ion of the people. The following is copied from the catalogue of the Milford Free Library as giving a brief history of that institution : "Tin' town was without a public library till March, 1841, when School District Vo I roted thai one Imtnli .-.1 .Lilian. 1..- laid out in I k» for the u f the district, and Re\ Humphrey Moore, Solomon K l.iv.-r. i , Esq . ...i O.-.i-l I'.a-. ..-I w.-i- .-linx-n a ittei vote into effect. Ln the cour f the yeai the 1 ks were purchased, rules adopted, Daniel K.I---II .ti..s.ti lil.ru ian and tin- library ci tr- od working order. In 1842 « further sum ■ i us.-.-t .-.i.-li voh tali. -li nut. and tin- [.up liasini: c tt.-r w.-n- m- -Itui-t.-il nut t-i laiv atn -til. Ilv si-.-ra. I u- tic- la-'. to i appropriations from time to time till 1853, when the district was divided. Its decay then commenced It. however, lingered till Iscn. wh.-ii tin' Ixinks wen- -"-LI at aiirtiuli. il lia\ itiL- lieell ill existence nineteen years. The year following that in which the district library was Sold the subjeel ol esl iblishing an agricultural library wasagitat -i. and in January, 1862, an effected. In 1869 the pro- 562 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. ly gave it to the town, that it might be merged in the present library. In l-'-l several ladies • -.~r.tl.li.~li.-l a library, ami tilt- a~~...-i..ti..Ii was rall.-.l - The l.atlie-' Library A.~S"< ialittlt.' \\ hen the Free Library was established it was .-l.j~.-tl. and the very valuable collection was divided among the proprietors I Idition to the libraries mentioned, there baa i a library ...inte.-t.-.i ttilli rl M.-i i ■ 1 . _■ i . . i a l.-ty upwards ..I' I.. in y.-ais, and with the . ■ Bntui j ' March 1(», 1868, the town made :m appropriation of rive hundred dollars to establish :t free library within the town. The movement was started by Colonel T. L. Livermore, who was then living in Milford. The library was thereupon organized. A board of trustees was appointed. September 10, 1870, a code ol rules and regulations were adopted, which have been mod- ified since as was thought best. Liberal appropri- ations by tin- town have, from time to time, been made. The library now contains three thousand three hundred and forty-one volumes, and i~ a well-selected, valuable collection of 1 ks. ill APTER IV. MILFORD— {Cont I'.u.m- ~ .1 tie- Town — Manilla, tut .-~ — Hanks — l'.in yiii--i lids— Tem- perance— Tuwn > 'l.ek — IV". 1 latin- Ib't.-I-. At the time the charter was granted there was but little, if any, manufacturing in the town. The em- ployment of the inhabitants was almost wholly in agricultural pursuits. The early settlers wen- obliged, in order to carry on this pursuit, to clear the forests and do enough business in manufacturing lumber to furnish material with which to build their houses and barns and expose tin' soil tor cultivation. Tie- mill privilege granted t.. Colonel John Shepard in 1751 was given him for the same purpose that towns now exempt manufacturing property from taxation foi u term of years. It was to encourage the business. The mill was built and for many years 'litl faithful duty, lint it was not until 1810 that any attempt was made to start a manufacturing bu-im ■--. A company of men, ha\ inn purchased a part of the mill privilege granted in Colonel shepard, obtained a (barter of incorporation from the Legislature by the name of "The Milford Cotton and Woolen Manufac- turing Corporation." They erected a factory. It was built in 18K, on the south side of the river. In 1814 they commenced the manufacture of cotton yarn, and in 1 s^'4 they began the manufacture of cotton cloth by power-loom. In 1833 the i ipany suspended business. It was a lime of great depression. Their machinery was old ami worn out ami their manage- ment was bad, and (bey met the usual fate of such enterprises. But in the spring of 1837 a new com- pany, et.nsistiiit; nf Cenrge Daniels, II. Moore, Ezra (lay ami James Searles, purchased all of the property of the former company, repaired and replenished the machinery and building ami organized one .'I' the most profitable enterprises ever carried on in Milford. In 1844 they built a new saw-mill on the north side of the river, and soon after this sold out to a new company. The mill or factory is now owned by the Morse & Kaley Manufacturing Company, a thriving and enterprising company, whose goods are in great demand, and whose management, under the skillful direction of Mr. Hillings and Colonel Kaley, insures sueeess. They make knitting-cotton. The saw-mill on the north side is owned by .Mr. Gilson. The lir.-t agent of the original proprietors was Adam Dickey. They ran twenty-eight looms, em- ployed forty hands and produced four thousand yards of cloth a week. Since the days of Adam Dickey a tremendous change has taken place in the manufacturing of cotton cloth and everything else. Single machines now do the work of a dozen men, and forty hands operating modern machinery will produce at least ten times the quantity of g 1< turned out in Adam Dickey's mill. The next attempt made to organize a manufactu- ring business of any note was begun in 1846. Daniel Putnam and Leonard chase, two fd' Milford's best men, both now dead, constructed a stone dam across Souhegan River in the eastern part of the village. Ii cost thne thousand dollars. June ..::, 1847, tiny procured tin act of incorporation by the name of the "Souhegan Manufacturing Company," with a capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars, which was afterwards, in June, 1849, increased to two hundred thousand dollars. In 1847 a factory building was erected. The main building was one hundred and eighteen feel long. forty-eighl feel wide, four stories high, with a base- ment. It had two wings, thirty by twenty-five feet. two Stories high. 'Whole length of building one hundred and seventy-eight feet. It was intended for four thousand spindles. In 1850 it employed one hundred and fifty bands. W. T. Jacquith was its first agent. He wassucceeded by Charles Gillis, who lost bis life by the bursting of a steam cylinder. The next agent was Moses French, who was succeeded by David Gillis. The last agent was Hon. George C. i lil re, of Manchester. This mill at one time was merged or consolidated with the Milford Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Corporation, but the main factory and ells having been burned in 1872, the two properties again Lee: ■ separated, and what remains of the old Souhegan Manufacturing ■( 'oiupain property i~ now owned by Mr. John Daniels, and remains now, as it lias ever si nee the lire, unimproved, except that one end of the mill, which was saved, litis been occupied a part of the time since for grist-mill and toy-factory. The tannery was first built in 1837, and although it has had a variable history, for the most part it has been a useful and remunerative enterprise. It was recently burned, but lias been rebuilt and passed into new hands and with bright prospects. MILFORD. The steam mill built in 1850 has generally been employed since for sawing and planing boards, man- ufacture of furniture, picture-frames and other arti- cles. It is owned and occupied by David Heald, who has made improvements in machinery and buildings, making it one of the best establishments in town. The Star Foundry was built in 1853. It prospered for a while and at one time seemed to be a promising business, but it collapsed finally. The buildings, in part, have been used for the Francestown soapstone business, and this enterprise looked well for a while, but Nashua was found to be a better railroad centre, and Milford lost it. They are now used by Pierce & Co. for cooperage. Among the successful business men of the past may be mentioned Mills & Lewis, who for years carried on the boot business in Milford. They employed a large number of men and their 1 ts were the best in the market. Andrew Fuller com- menced business in Milford in 1852, manufacturing mirror-frames. In 1865 he bought out Putnam & Chase, who also were among the most active of .Mil- ford's business men forty years ago. Among the modern enterprises in town which ought to be mentioned is the Hillsborough Mill-. It was first incorporated by the name of tie- Pine Valley Company. It was used as a carpet-mill, but it did not flourish. II. A. Daniels was its treasurer. It finally failed. Subsequently it was bought up by a new company, its corporate name changed to Hillsborough Mills, its capital stoek in- creased to two hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, and it is now employing one hundred and titty hands in the manufacture of woolen carpet yarn or warp. The agent of the mills is Mr. Nash Simonds. John McLane, now representative of Milford in the Legislature, is carrying on a very successful busi- ness in manufacturing post-office boxes. He employs from fifteen to twenty-five men. and is one of the most successful and enterprising young men of Milford. Pierce & Mills, Gilson and others are engaged to i considerable extent in the cooperage business; Emer- son .V Son in the furniture business. The fancy box and toy business is also carried mi to some extent. Banks. — There is one discount and one savings- bank in Milford. The Souhegan Bank was chartered in 1855. Thomas chase, of Nashua, was its fust president and Hiram A. Daniels cashier. It was organized as the Souhegan National Bank in 1865, with H. A. Daniels president ami Charles \. Daniels cashier. February 17, I8.S0, the charter was ex- tended for twenty years. Capital stock, one hundred thousand dollars. ( ilinton S. Avcrill is now president and F. T. Sawyer cashier. The Milford Five-Cent Savings Institution was in- corporated in 1859, with a perpetual charter. It has deposits of seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Clinton S. Averill is its treasurer. It is in fine con- dition. Milford has many stores, and some of them excellent noes. E. 0. Batchelder is one of the oldest established of tin' merchants. Ill- has lor years kept a huge lir-t- class dry-goods store, and may be truly called an honorable merchant. Mr. Barber also has a first- class modern store, which is carried on with great en- terprise and success; and there are others concerning which the same may be said. The town is the centre of quite a large trade, which accounts for the thrifty and excellent character of the trailers and business men of the place. It contains a grist-mill and saw-mills, millinery-shops, harness- shops, jewelers, blacksmiths, druggists, news-rooms, groceries, restaurants and all of the equipments 01 a lively country village. The farmers sell between live hundred and six hundred cans of milk a day. or forty thousand dollars' worth a year. It is carried to Boston. Milford contains several valuable granite quarries. They are operated with success. The qualitj ofthe Milford granite is excellent, and it is sought far and wide. It is a valuable source of income to (he people. It is doubtful, all things considered, if the business of Milford has improved for the last twenty-five nig operation, which have given employment lit- i.ll. !■_-.■ i- well -i||'|.ii.'l With inatlU- M i.,. ture -I different and almost all the .n warehouse, 8 stores, ■ harness-shops, '■ mar- rssiMili.ilh 'liaii_-.il within a l-u i. tun.- (July, 18G0), il are ■ I- i - I..U \a is J ■l-iilel-. -' -i ■ . I blacksmith-shops, 2 carringi manuf l,.-i-li.,ii---, 1 priniinn-ithi -. 1 I- -I- 'iti' ■ , J |- riodii al offii ■-. 1 Dagiii r- i-ciiti s.i] , 1 i -ii. ultucil U.H.-I...II-. . . . I..:l,n.„ -i ■_ niilliii'-ry- shops, 1 hotel, i restaurants. Then known, a- l -,-,.. an n a pi rmai ■ i ti.-n on.- Ii. ,-n- 1 .,_ ■ i [ii II ! : i li-.s.- uli.. < an :iv. -,ti-ia. t..i \ ,ii i a, .■ tti.tr 1 1,. -. will ■!..- ii only t--r iii-ali- iri.il ..r in., h mi- al |tiirpMS.;s I n this town the num whom the title of K- 1 is often affixed is 'too i lerous to particul u-ize.' There are in this town :: main mills. > saw-mills, - i I ami shoe-shops, . tory, I pail uil.i. i-.iy, carpenters, i pers, painters, &c." II this is a correct statement (and there can be no doubt about it), there was as much thrift ami pros- perity then as now. The population of the town in 1860 was 1.21 2. It had made a gain, however, of only 53 in ten years. In 1850 the population was 2159. IV thai time to 1880 it has only gained 259, and the gain of the last decade is 186, But there- has been a steady gain in the property of tie- town. In 1x411 the appraised val f all the property of Mil- ford was, in round numbers, $500,000. It has gained one million of dollars in valuation since. It is inter- esting to note that half of the increase was made from 1840 to 1850. It also increased, during that de- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. cade, its legal voters between two and three hundred. It began, during this period (1847), to send two representatives to the Legislature. It wmilil there- fore seem that these were very prosperous years in the town'- career. In this connection, it is useful and interesting to make another quotation from the observing pen of Mr. 1 1 Iwin : " Within a few anal - r]i i- .il -■ \\ . i - \\ i i r T-- n in 1st, i, \ in w - ts have beeu laid nut in tin- villa-.', which, as \\ ' Imilli,' llllt'l nil l.nttl -i'l<- Willi IH-W llll'l nl.'J 111' ' ". j'U- of Milf.ml havn l n piMviliiallv a \.rv husy, enterprising, wide- . wain ] pi--. It. in- . .1 . in n in-. Hi \ --ti-ati li- In I In I-. I In \ I a ! 1 1 '. Mm 1, ., : i man I , v. Inn il , . I ■ I a . ' n I ■■. there I ' iscomii [01 lej rj subject that isairitatetl in this. . anil IV \\ ll.lln! it 1 ,'hiti-s p. pnlill.*. 1 .liuinll -lavcn, temperance, music ,,t nnaal refurin— has its^n I ...a hum, Mine; a.l- vocates ; and a debating . ! e i ll til.' Sllil]^, i mill i. laiiMin-- in ...iiin-i.t ill.- -te ■.■!-. I In [ pi.- pm- nai in- lln- in- "1 l -.-. i . [.,i.- i ■ i ] i . i . .1 n.. i n.i- . i ' I. \ iml i law,' which nit' snlil.nii ..i never Ins.. rt.nl [.. iii this town Tin -mare few, it any, ["«' Ins ill tills r.'L'i.'ti win. sn llillal.lt.lllt- in.. m a in l.i In. il- ..I a-pli in_, cherishing the mistaken i.lcii thai ' wealth maltes the man.' and riches are sought after in ever} lawful win as thn' tlmv were tin- 'one thing .llnl.' ' Burying-Grounds.— Tin- history of a people can be largely inferred from it- tombstones. While the town dues not grow in population, the graveyards are constantly growing. "Time, the tomb-builder," gathers in with astonishing swiftness. An elderly lady recently visited the town and many places with which, in by, -lie had been familiar; hut she saw but few people with whom she was acquainted, and she was confused and disappointed. She did nut un- derstand it. Finally she visited the burial-places of the town and made a tour among the tombstones, and there -he found her old friends. It was explained to her then. She was living, but these old friends, the familiar faces of the past, had all gone, and here their dust was laid, and the simple inscriptions upon toppling marble and crumbling granite revealed the whole truth. September 2, 17^1. the town voted to accept one aere of land on the north side of the highway, on the west side of William Crosby's land, and adjoining rhaddeus Grimes' land, as a present by William I 'tosliy, lor a burying gr I. In 1839, thegraveyard first laid out having been substantially occupied, the town purchased about two acres mi the Brookline road for a cemetery. Cos1 of the land, with the fencing, four hundred and fifty-five dollars. It was made up into family lots, and the choice of lots sold at auction. Ever} lot in thai cemetery having been taken, the town purchased another lot of a little over live aere- of Rev. -Mr. Moore, on the south side of the Wilton Railroad, in the west part of the village. The cost of the land. right of way across Mr. Moore's land, fencing and preparing the same for burial purposes was $623. 55. In 1850 the town chose a committee to see about a new burying-ground. In 1852 the selectmen were authorized to grade and set out trees in the new bury- ing-ground. For the most part, all the yards are well cared for. There are several costly and many tasteful monu- ments and slahs erected to the memory of the dead. Temperance. — The first temperance committei appointed by the town were Leonard Chase, Daniel Putnam, Freeman Crosby, Pliny Whitney and Wil- liam Wallace. They made their first report in 1849, which covers eight pages of solid writing in one of the large record-books of the town. They continued in service a number of years, and then others took their places, who, in their turn, still made the same exhaustive reports and eloquent appeals to the lies' sentiment of the people, doing a grand work for the town, and through the persistent efforts of these men. supplemented " by the strong Christian aid of their wives, sisters and mothers, Milford is recognized as the banner town of the State in the cause of temper- ance. In the same year, 1849, the citizens inaugurated a movement lor beautifying ami adorning the common. The first measure was to cause it to he fenced, which was accomplished in 1850. They also planted a lot of elm-trees, which tire now fully grown and add greatly to the attractiveness of the village. The committee who were appointed to do this good work wen- Humphrey Moore, Daniel Putnam, Hiram A. Daniels, Jonas Hutchinson and Leonard Chase. After the trees were planted they had to he caivfullv eared for and watered. This was faithfully done, and we now see tin- result. Since then the fence has been remodeled and the park enlarged and improved. The present fence was built in 1872. Fire-Engines.— The first appropriation for a fire- engine was made in 1820. The town voted an appro- priation of seventy-five dollars towards defraying expenses of an engine. October 18, 1820, William Ramsdell, S. K. Livermore and Abiel Lovejoy were chosen first fire wardens. August 17, 183!', the town voted to raise three hundred dollars for the purpose of luiying a new tire-engine, provided three hundred dollars he raised by subscription. In lieu of the above, the town voted to raise one hundred dollars in addition to the three hundred dollars, provided two hundred dollars could be raised by subscription. In 1840 it was voted to buy a second tire-engine, hut it v, a- iml purchased until 1841. In 1856 the town voted to huild tin engine-house, and one was after- wards erected. Town Clock.— In 1866 the town voted two hun- dred dollars towards a town clock, the citizens to raise four hundred dollars more. It was purchased, and did very poor service until the present year, when the town voted an appropriation of five hun- dred dollars, and a new clock is in the place of tin- old one. MILFORD. Poor-Farm. -I'" r a great many years the town owned and occupied a farm on which the town's poor were kept, but, agreeably to a vote of thetown in 1868, this farm was sold. It was situated in the southerly part of the town. Since then many of its poor, by arrangement, have been kept at the county farm in Eillsborough County. Taverns. — There is but one in town for the accom- modation of transient patrons, and that is an old one. The earliest of Milford's landlords was Jonathan Bttxton. He was a model inn-keeper. He was skill- ful in making flip. There are those living in Milford now who remember seeing Buxton mix his flip with a singeing hot iron. Everybody who chosesold liquor in those days. There was scarcely a house between Milford and Wilton, on either side of the river, that did not hold a license to sell the ardent. Old Dr. Fuller, who lived on the spot where tin' lieu town- house stands, in the first dwelling-house ever built in the village, used to put into his cellar twenty-five barrels of cider for domestic consumption; but his cider had a large circle of acquaintances, and whoever pleased, night or day, could walk into his cellar with mug in hand and help himself. It would lie a great task to give a -ketch of the landlords of Milford since the days of Jonathan Buxton. Mr. Buxton was the first librarian of the town, as he was also first tax collector. The Ponemah.— lucentlv a new and handsome hotel has been built in the south part of the town, near Milford Springs, called the Ponemah House. Ii stands on a tine eminence, is handsomely made and furnished and kept as a first-class summer house. It owns the Milford Springs. These springs are noted for their medicinal waters. The Ponemah Company are engaged to some extent in bottling this water for the market. The enterprise is just started, and ii is I larly to predict the result. ill A PTEE V. MILFORD- {Continued . [ILFORD IN THE GREAT CIVIL W \K. It is simply stating a fact to say that a more gen- erous and patriotic people could not be found in this great land than lived in and went forth from Milford during the dark period of the Rebellion days. Her response to every call for volunteers was hearty and effective. To every appeal for succor and aid for those on the field and in the hospitals she gave with a munificent hand. The flower of her populace went forth at their country's call ; some never returned, hut fell upon : ' the field of glory ; " others came hack, and as citizens of a grand republic, have been as noble and true in the path- of peace a- they were brave and patriotic in war. The record of these people, in the greatest civil conflict the world ever witnessed, is one of which every son and daughter of Milford is justly proud. In 1861, when the President senl forth that first requisition for volunteers, a recruitinu-oilice was im- mediately opened ai lie town hall, and lie i j eighf men. one-half of whom were married and one-half single, were soon enrolled. l'lie\ n-ere the first forty- eight men on tin' li.-t of Milford soldiers hereafter given. The company, under the com maud of ( laptain George II. ilillis, left for Portsmouth on the 7th of May, L861. The company was made up of soldiers from the following towns, viz: Milford, forty-eight Amherst, thirteen; Wilton, eleven ; .Mont Vernon, live; New Boston, five; Lyndeborough, two; and a few from other towns, making in all ninety-three. \t .in informal ting of the i itizens of the town, nolden on the 22d of Aim!. 18G1 ii i mi. nun lousisting of George Daniels, William Ranisdell, 0. W. Lull, Daniel Putnam and Clinton S. iverill, was ap pointed to a* i in behalf .il the town in relation t.i all mattei «iili n nlisting inn! equipping of a c pany of Volunteers, and far- lil.sliili;: aiil .mil Ml]>|ii.rt In Tin- t.iiuill.- ,,f -Hill ..I.list. .1 n Imi- I., tin- town." This committee proceeded at once to discharge the duties imposed ii| them, and at a legal town-meet- ing, held May 11, 1861, made a report of lie ii work and received the sanction of the town. Major George Daniels offered at the meeting a resolution, — "Tliat tlir si.liTtmrti In- iu-lriii'li-il Int "' 11 -inn i."t r\ liti- - '. iiii.I lli.it -ii. I. |i..rti.ii lliiir.it'. i- in. iv !-■ I ■■■ j in i • ■ I 1-. .i|ipc'l'n.it.-'l |M Ml ■ -■ !■■!,- , i Illll, Willi 111. Ilk-Ill. II .-Xp.'llM-S, illl'l til flll-llisll i -I-1...I i ... t ii - .t -ii ii . ill/. -ii- .1 tin- t.iwn n> liavi. inili-ti'il anil In-ill liiii-trlril nili. tin- *i-ivi<<' illi.ii 1 III'- first rail .if tin I-r. si.l. lit ni tln- rjnited States fur volunteers " The resolution was unanimously adopted, ami all of the recommendations of the committee were accepted. The town voted that, in addition to the dress ami arms furnished by the State, the soldiers of Milford should be furnished with their board and eleven dol- lars a month till accepted by the State, and after that seven dollars per month iii addition to government pay; also a revolver and india-rubber blanket, be- sides such other articles for the promotion of cleanli- ness and health ami to meet possible contingencies, which the patriotic ladies were then providing for them. They voted to soldiers who had families a still further allowance: if he had a wife, six dollars per month; a wife and one child, eight dollar- per month; a wife and two children, ten dollars per month ; and still more in special cases. At a subsequent town me, -ting held September 27, 1861, the committee, through Major Daniels, made a report of its disbursements for the above purposes, receiving the indorsement of the town. At about this time the Souhegan Bank offered the government a loan oi twenty thousand dollar- to aid in carrying on the war. At the annual town-meeting holden March II, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1.862, it was voted that David (i hvin be town historian, to record the events of the present war as connected with the people ofMilford, to be preserved in the archives of the town. Mr. Goodwin faithfully performed his duties, and in those "archives," put in perfect order by his careful hand, is a reliable rec- ord of the splendid work done by the patriotic men of Milford, and from that record the facts of this sketch relating to the war are taken. The history of the work of woman in the great Struggle in tlii- country has not yet been written. When it is, it will be found to surpass in sympathy, tenderness and practical and effective assistance to the mighty cause anything that was ever dreamed could be accomplished by the gentler sex. The ladies of Miltbrd early engaged in the great soldiers' aid work. They made a record worthy of being placed alongside of that of their brothers, husbands and fathers who fought that the nation might live. [n October, 1861, a society of ladies was organized under the name of "The Women's Soldiers' Aid So- ciety," and they chose the following officers: Presi- dent, Mrs. Humphrey Moore; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Stillman Hutchinson, Mrs. Martin Hall, Mrs. Abel (base, .Mrs. Efezekiah Hamblett, Mrs. Charles A. Burns, Mrs. Benjamin F. Hutchinson; Secretary, Elizabeth A. Livennore; Treasurer, Miss Hannah P. Ramsdell; Executive Committee, Mrs. William Crosby, Mrs. Joshua M. Holt, Mrs, John Dickey, Mrs. Ira Holt, Mrs. John A. Towers. The society num- bered more than eight\ members, beside.- se\ent\ men as honorary members. The first report or ad- dress of the society made by Miss Livennore is here given, as it reveal- clearly the spirit which impelled this noble company of women to push forward the glorious work which carried comfort and solace to manv a soldier's home and heart, — "March 28, 18C2. .1 ill. ,-iirl) ].:ut "1 thr ye.iri.f our Lnnl lsi.l tli.-,t it- i olial -itunts «]ii| imt thrill with Imr- r.'l :tt tin- nun] ua-.-l ..1 hull!.. ,■;,>! l..-t.,r,. tin-in liv th.- I anil ill inns li-mli-r- ul' 111.- Sunt lir in -In v-p.-u ..-r Thru -r.-j.l n- ..1 |...\v.-l' haddeparted frum tlii'in with th.- .Aii tv.iiii ntti.a.. a tin- Preaidi nl Tlii \ would aol even In i a] I longi - I nstitu tal i ■! ui.-iiu.ii...i il.. -..|.| barbaric force t.i ihi..« n-.-li agaiti in the path of progress. Almost wit animous voice the Nortb Ktid, 'We will meet this Corn- .m the l.atih-lhhl, ami may Uod speed the ilLiht.' l.iirlitliiii:.' lla-.li.-.| itit.-Ill-i-nci-, >t.-.ii. i I. nl lu'l win-- ami :; ■ r . friend and citi/i-n t.. ..a apilal \\ a On u -.i.-n ■ ■ '■>■• s--l.li. -is \i li.. ha-l \..IiiiiIi-.-i--.| h. in lily Jii-'pari-.l : : and wounded. "In Mill led T . Women - Soldiers' ... paying n, nts or re. on.- hundred and thirty-eight dollars wen ..II- te by iii.-i.ii. asinp an.) l.\ levies. W n met once a weelt to - " - while -.inn- devoted -i ^i.-..l pan uf tlu'ir tun.- in 1. it.. .mi. i ■■ il. -' . omfort. Si\ bar- nl- .-t .iiii.i.- -i .— ,-ntiai p. hospital were - nt ..li their i-il.m.l -.1 l.ivo l.i-f,.ii- il..- . 1,... ..| i),. ,. ,, The « irk -till continues, as th- varied calls for ossistauce row h n-, ami villbe ontiuued until there '- ■• ertaintj that uo D is needed " This noble work was continued by this patriotic society all through the war until "no more was needed." In October, 1863, the secretary made another an- nual report, closing it with the following eloquent words which she quoted from another : ■Tii- ble< in ■■ a 11 -an-!- \ili-. at.- i.-:..|v 1.. p.-n-li. aii.l ..|" l.-n- ..| ih, ii-an.l- win. I.ivr tln-ir niuiiti v ami tln-n kiml, will lie cast up.ui thus. "1 .-in. .I. .1, mil th. --..- hIi.. sustain th,- i nil ile work. Let the people's li. ..t- in ..a tail, ami their liatnls n.-ver w.-ary! I. lit h t them, oi their al.iii.ilalii . . an.' !.. tlii- .a.iiillnssi.,n til 1 1 im-a-in .-, j s.-l .|..\\ II. -hak.-ti t.i-.-lli.a ami lilliliina i.yi-i. that, v\ li.-i. \ .1 tilt- red liali.l of war is -..ii. ils .liMia- l....t-t.-ps may l.illi.w ; that wherever the led hand el" Mai i- lifted i.. wound, its wim.- hand may be lifted to heal ; that its work may never cease until it i- assumed by a great Christian govern imnl, i.r until pi-an- unri- mure reigns tl.n. Helmut Ihelaml; I.ii.-ii 'In n. aiatiiinle f..r its service and joy in its i-'lory shall ti.-\. i .1 it ol the hearts of the American people." This society raised and disposed of more than fifteen hundred dollars' worth of article- to the soldier- in the field beside- large bounties to their families at home. A titling close of this branch of our subject is found in the eloquent Words made use of when the society disbanded : "As tin 1,VI„ lli.ni l.a- l.i.ii . rnsln-il. ]ira. .■ lias I n |. .\ hill v [in .- claimed, and the ol.ject for which our association was instituted in. longer needs nut churls ; feeling thai ...n l.i-tn-\ ol.-nl .-[lofts have ma 1 n in vain, we now disliatid mil . a ^ain.-atn.ii. and tin u .an attention t.. other pin suit- ami a\ ... ati. .us. fc.-liii-r i haul, lul thai we ha\.-l n permitted to I ' ' ■ | in il'- " .1 . an-c ..f Innnaijity— the cause of God— I. -. inj.-.t In/. u ill 1 1 1. u Ill a ted am! t.i.l. -iiiu'llnii; t.iu.u.l tin- -al \ at i, ,n . I ..in 1.. luVcd country. 1 ' lint not only were the ladies of Milford benevolent and liberal in their aid to the cause, but the men gave largelj of their means. The town voted generous ami large bounties, and furnished assistance to all soldiers' families without stint. Sixty Milford soldier- lost their lives by the war, forty of whom were never brought home to lie buried. Thirteen were killed in battle. Their names are Oliver W. Lull, Abram B. Shedd, William D. Coffin, Jeremiah Lyon, Josiah 1'. Smith, Alexander M. Bob- bie, Samuel Dolbear, Thomas M. Gilpatrick, George L. .Tones. Isaac F. Five, J. I. Plympton, Samuel F. Jones and Joseph Shedd. It i- not within the scope of this -ketch to give a personal history of each soldier who fell or was wounded in the battles ol' this cruel war. When the history of Milford is written ill detail the work will be done. It i- gratifying to know that every fact is pre- served and will in due time be published to the world. " Dun; \ II:iIiiIp1.-TI W;i- tln'tir-1 snMi.'i \\liO volunteered from Bfil- i. i I int., tin- I HIT.'. I -it id- -mi. .■ S..011 untlie ih-ws nf the massacre ol Massachusetts soldiers in the Btreets of Baltimore reached a iu Bostoo, ApriI19, 1861, into the Fourth Battalion of Rifles, Company C We quote the following from Mr. Goodwin's pen us a just tribute to ;l noble boy : •■ mi, -ii Mills, youngest - d ol John and Sarah Mills— a kind and loving boy— was born Januan jt, IM4. He rlllist.-d as a pri- vate t'.-i inn.- mo tit lis in tin- >i xd'-'iit li ll.'^iltn'iit V-\v 11a III] -li i iv \ ,i|iin- - C, October 10 1862. At the expiration of in- term of service he returned home with his regiment August 14, 1863 received his discharge August -", 1863. He i tracted a fever at the siege ol Port Hudson, of which hedied _ngust23, 1863. He enlisted, as hesaid, because his gov.! -nmi.it culled liiin and he felt it his duty to go, and at the last said he had 'done all chat had I i [uired ol him ; the boat is ready, let me go li .' Mr. Goodwin speaks of another of Milford's heroes as follows : " A. B. Ilayd.n was Mi.it tl,r..ii_li tin- wn-t Mi r 1 1 . ■ 1 .: . T 1 1 . . . 1 Kr.-.l.-i i.-U-- burg. Five nun had 1,,-eii shot down ill his regiment. At the fall uf the fifth Ulan this l.rav.- soldiel graspeil the Hag-staff and hole tie -tai- an.l strineB aloft ; Put h,- was '1' ,.,ii,,-, William E. Howe, J. M. Blancho ting, George Clark, John v\ . Cro us Adams, Alex. McRobbi - i i. iniah Lyon, *( ,,r Colby, William II. Ramsdel Won ,-l.i, W II i.illi-. K..I..H i in, maid, II. n I oi, nor, John liame, II. M. Tyler, Thomas Jess Those names with the star (*) prefixed are tlmse soldiers wln> re-enlisti d. The names of the seventy substitutes furnished from abroad are not recorded. P. A. She.1.1. -J. II Lovejoy, ' William P Heald C I: Stickney, II L. George E. Hartwell, J II. Stimson, *H. E. Mills, F. .1. Stimson, .... koring, Josl Royli igh, Josiah P Smith, C II ran,)., tfetoon w I, 0. W. Lull. S. G. Dearborn, F J. Lawrence, William Gourley, John F Howard, Andrew I. Marvol John Meikle, William A. Crosby, II. M.Potter, • Ji a i Gilil I - : '. I Shedd, Thomas Gilpatrick, Abel F. Gutterson, »John H Stanyar HarrisGray, Luke Hallegan, John E. Herrick, Orrin A. Hamblett, Thomas 11. Law, George A. Holt, fa w \ ,,,,•-, Joseph Buss, Bdward Powers, Frank II I, li. M. Peruana, John Bonner, II. J. Richardson, *John Martin, *E. P. Ross, F. W. Dennis, M. P. Feleh, Dennis Holden, III - P Connery, Frederick ler, R B. Kidder, Hugh Connor, J. B. Fretts, A. B. Bennett, F 0. Howe, Patrick Dillon, A. B. Hayden, J. W. Spald- ing, J. E. Mackay, A. W. Heald, John II, .Hand. I F Frye, i harles Howe, W. II. Howe, .1. P. Richardson, II. P. Hutchinson, C. H. Dun- ning, J. B. Melon, ly, John Arhuckle, Tie, mas lo-_.ni. ' M. \iK.u, J. W. Shattuck, Charles Huntley, Charles Bl Fran ii 1 I. J, .hui' Aiken, J. \ Lovejoy, F. F Greisinger, W o AveriU, J. P. Shedd, G. F. Stone, 0. R. Hartshorn, Frank Crosby, Union Wyman, L. A. Duncklee, Noah Fund, C. W. Mills, I!. F. Clarke, E. K. Jewett, .1. P. Fuller, i II Osg I. II. C. Stimson, C. C. Bartlett, IF JI. Mills, * J. D. Crosby, Edwin Howard, Joseph Pushing, \\ illiam Abbott, \\ . P. Connery, _lvin B. Chase, J Hutchinson, \ F Crosby, .Men R. Hood, - fl ,11.. ,i ii Garvin, \ 1 Hans, omb, Ed Hans b, I Fr.deiirk A. Pl.ln.l_.. Jam,- P;,.iii, H. A. Has] E. P. J A. 1 Hutchinson, F, A. Fisher, George Marvel, F. P. N'elson, F. T. Cogin, \v. D, I . nt. I1111-..11. Patrii k Chroan, \ M Hatch, .1 R. H. Pierce, I. IP Layden, J. Carlton, Jr., w, P, Easton, Charles IP (II A l'TKl: VI. MILFORD— [Continued). M W TOWN-HOUSE. Selection of Spot— F.iviii. ,,f , .n,,.| -Stone— 1',--. option .1 P.uildiii- — Dedii ation. Fin: several years prior tolNii'l the subject of a new Town I [otise wa-agitated. It had its advocates and its opponents. Like most enterprises of the kind, its birth was through great labor. It was evident to a majority of the people that the town had outgrow n 1 In- old town- house. Since 183:.-.'.4, when it was ahandoned by the First Church or Congregational Church for its new church structure, the old hall had been used ex- clusively tor town ami social purposes. Before that time its history has been already given. In 1847 tin- town purchased the pew -holders' rights and moved the hmise a short distance north and east of its orig- inal site, fronting it to the south. The first story was devoted to stores and the upper one to the town hall. It has been well said that it was early consecrated to free speech ami a free ballot, and iii these respects it was mil unlike the other New England town-houses. It served its employers well. The time came, howe, or, when it was unsatisfactory and inadequate to meet tin- wants ,,f the populace. It was finally determined to have a new one. Then came the usual struggle over its location. It was first voted to build neat the bridge, and then the spot where it now stands was substituted. The old house was again moved to a lot mar the bridge. 011 the west side of the villag where it still stands, and again repaired, improved and sold. The town seleeted William Ramsdell, Clinton S. Averill and Robert R. Howison a building com- mittee. Ground was broken .May 6, L869. Messrs. Bryant & Rogers, of Boston, were the architects. Laying 1 the Corner-Stone. — 'flu- corner-stoi f the new town-house was laid on Saturday. July :!, 1869, with interesting Masonic ceremonies, under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, assisted by the Masonic lodges in Nashua, Milford. Wilton, Mason and Peterborough. fin- occasion brought together a very large eon- course of people, and 'he exercises of the daj were carried out with perfect success and to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. At two o'clock the visiting bodies were received at tin depot by Benevolent Lodge, of Milford, and a procession was fonm d in the following order : HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Il.li.-o.letil !.•.■!,;>, No 7, ul Milt.. I- 1 lllli. i I- of the Grano I ■ I ..u n Committee. The procession numbered about three hundred, and made a fine appearance. After making a short march through several of the principal streets, the procession brought up at the site of the new town-house. The stone selected for the cornel- was ready for lay- ing at the southeast angle of the foundation on the arrival of the procession. It was -suspended by a temporary derrick, and measured three feet in length, one and a half in depth and a foot in width. The following articles were placed in the stone, which was then hermetically sealed : A manuscript containing a brief history of the ac- tion of the town relating to the building of the town- house, giving the votes and dates of meetings of the town relative' thereto; tin appropriations of the town for the year 1869, for town charges, for highways, for the Free Library and librarian, and the date of the vote of the town establishing the library and the number of volumes at that time; also a list of the clergymen, lawyers, physicians, machinists, man- ufacturers, banks, the organization- ,,i ill. -. I U in the town, with the teachers; the railroad and telegraphic communications, the estimated popula- tion of the town, a set of United States coins of the date 1869, directly from the Mint, and which had never been in circulation, presented by Edwin L. Howard, of the Mount Lebanon Lodge, Boston, Mass., consisting of the dollar, half-dollar, quarter- dollar, dime, half-dime (both silver and nickel), the three-cent piece (both silver and nickel), ami the !».. and one-cent pieces; a half-dozen stereoscopic views, contributed by Edward Lovejoy, Esq., em- bracing a view of the hotel, the veterans, the old town-house, the middle falls ami bridge, the oval and group, and thenew town-house and lot, with the old town-house in the distance; a catalogue of the Mil- ford Live Library, a band-bill of the celebration of the day, a hand-bill of the Hutchinsons' celebration concert, a school report of 1869, a report of the re- ceipts and expenditures of the town for 1868-69, a report of the county commissioners for 1868-69, a cop\ of the by-laws and members of Benevolent Lodge, No. 7, Milford, X. H.. for tin- current year, a copy of the Farmers' Cabinet, dated Feb- ruary 19, 1825, a copy of the same dated .Inly 1. 1869, a copy of the Manchester Mirror dated July :;. 1869, a copy of the Nashua Daily Telegraph dated June 28, 1869, a copy of the New Hampshire Telegraph dated July ::. 1869, a copy of the Daily Patriot dateil June 30, 1869, a copy of the Nashua ■ llilltbnrnugli I 'ninihi Ailrrrtis, r dated JllK 1. 1869, a copy of the Union Democrat, Manchester, dated June 29, 1869, a copy of the Boston Daily Post dated June 30, L869, pj of the Boston Daily Even- ing Journal dated July 1, 1869; Morse & Kaley's card of prices of knitting cottons, manufactured in Milford. The ceremonies were opened by proclamation of Ailing Grand Master of the Grand Lodge. William Barrett, Esq., who had been deputized by M. W. Grand Master Winn to perform the service, that the ( rrand Lodge had been invited by the civil authorities of Milford to lay the corner-stone of their new town hall. A fervent and impressive prayer was offered by Rev. E. B. Wilkins. of Nashua, acting Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge, and a hymn, "Great Architect of Earth and Heaven." was sung by the Hutchinson family. The stone was then laid with the usual rites ami ceremonies of the Masonic older. The inscription on the plate was read by the acting Grand Secretary, E. I'. Emerson, as follows; "This corner-stone was [aid with Masonic ceremonies, Saturday, July 3rd, Hi 1869, I I. 586'.i, uii.I.t tin- iliivcik.ii of tbi- M. W Grand Lodgi .■I Vu ll.iin|.-liii. . K W Wdliam r.uir.i- :iiul ,> Oiaml M;i»ter : " " .i ...i i/i /i w i. i ..' /. ■■!,,. .—Alexander M. Winn, .it I .11 inm-cii. yi \\ Grand Master; John ]i Hoi! I-. Portsmouth, II. W. D. Grand Master ; N. W. Cumner, Manchester, It. \V. Sen. Grand Warden ; Wil- li. mi Barrett, Nashua, E. w. .Inn Grand Warden; John Knowlton, Portsmouth, K. W. Grand Treasure! . II. .in e Chase, Hbpkinton, R. W. i.i. in. 1 Secretary. "Ulysses S. Grant, President 1 S, Schuyler Colfex, Vice-Presidenl ; Sal a P. Chase, Chief Justice ; Onslon Stearns, Governor N. H. ; John Ii. Lyman, Sec State ; Peter Sanborn, sen.. Treasurer ; Ira Perley, Chief Justice ; Aaron H. Cragin, .lam.- \\ I'.utr, ...n. Senators; Jacob Ela. Am. .ii 1". St. -veil-. .la. ..I. l:.-]it. .11, I;, ).i v-oilim .- -w ilhiini K Wallace, John Marvi G I'.iutl.tt, Selectmen ; James 31. I; i,..i.i. I,..n Clerk; William It. w.li.' ' . T" .' in' 1 . i|i,.... > \ :.; -i, ; nittee; William Ramsdell, W. B lowni 1 - \ rill Ci - ssofl rei Librat , - 11 '. li..aii li.it. ii, 11, l^.- \\'.i.n..._h. i;..[.t. - 1. 1. mi.- . . 1. .in, w. Crosby, Postmaster; William Ramsdell, C. S. Averill. Robert II. Eowison, Building Committee ; Gridley J. F. Bryant, Louis P. I.' architects; Albert Currier. Newburyi'..! t. Ma— . 1 .mn.i. t,i , .tam.-s 1 . Tinker, l'...-r..n, superintendent. '•Amount of Inventory for 1869, $1,185,000 ; amount deposited In Sav. ..,. ■ .,1,, , urn ivi 1, ,i 'i, Raili M'l -1 1 , -; ! : per hundred.' After the stone was lowered the Hutchinsons sang an ode, "Placed in Form the Corner-Stone," and M. W. G. M. Barrett delivered a brief address to thi people mi the character and objects of Masonry. The procession was then reformed and marched to the oval, where the writer of this article. Charles H. Burns, of Wilton, a native of Milford, delivered an address to fifteen hundred people. The Hutchinson family also sang from the grand stand several stirring ami beautiful .songs. At the close of the open-air ex- ercises, at lour o'clock, a tine collation was served in the old town hall, which was neatly trimmed with flags and flowers for the occasion. Speeches were made, and the post-prandial exercises closed by the entire company joining the Hutchinsons in singing " Auld Lang Syne." 5t!9 Thus the good work of building the now town-house was begun. It was completed April 27,1870, when the edifice was solemnly consecrated by the Dedication of the New Town Hall.— The day was beautiful, and one of the most significant in the re- cent history of the town. Many of the sons and daughters of Milford who lived away earn.' home to join in the celebration. They were welcomed with warm ami generous hospitality. The greetings over, heii eyes turned from friends and the old town-house to the new. The) beheld an edifice striking in ap- pearance, commanding in stature, ample in all its parts, made of brick, one hundred by sixty feet. The basement, which is constructed of rough granite, with hammered lines, is nine feet in height, and is clear of the ground on the west and south. The first Story is fourteen feet in the clear, anil contains three stores, post-office and selectmen's room; the stores, fifty feet deep and from twenty-one to twenty-seven feet wide. The building fronts to the west, and the entrance is reached by a massive (light of granite 3teps. At the head of the fust stair-ease, and facing the entrance, is an elaborate and beautifully-carved black walnut ease, about five feet in height and eight feel long, inclosing live marble tablets, and on the middle one is inscribed the following: in defense ..f the Union in tli.- war of tli.- rebellion of 1861-1865 ; dedicated April -~, 1870." On the other tablets are inscribed the names of the fifty-three ofMilford's patriots who, in the great Civil War, heroically fell. " It is a beautiful and eloquent memorial," conspicuously erected, and will frequently remind the good people of the town of the enormous sacrifice that was made to preserve the nation's in- tegrity. The plan ol'a monumental slab in the vesti- bule originated in a resolution offered by the late Dr, S.S. Stickncy. The, hall is symmetrical and beautiful. It is tifty-seven feet wide, sixty-five feet long and twenty- four feet high. Over the entrance, and extending across the west side, is a spacious gallery, capable of seating three hundred persons. The main hall, which is lighted by fourteen large windows, has a seating capacity of eight hundred. The platform is on the east side. On the righl and left of this is a small gallery for the use of a band or choir. The hall is resi oed and painted. There is a high wainscoting of chestnut, with black walnut panels and moldings. It has a central chandelier, with four minor ones tli Hoor is Georgia pine It has settees. The acoustic qualities of the ball are not good. It may be possible to remedy this. It is well ventilated On the right of the entrance to the hall is a dress- ing-room, Ion the left one Cor ladies. They are large, tastefully furnished and provided with all the modern improvements. " Ascending to the upper or attic story, we have from the large dormer-window a commanding view of ■., charming landscape. In the foreground is the village of Milford, with the winding Souhegan stretching to the west. In the dim horizon rises Mount Monad- nock, and tin- Peter! Mi'jli, i.i .-en field and Temple hills lift their handsome lead- boldlj against the sky. The view abounds in beauty, and will be looked on with delight by the thousands who shall hereafter ascend to the great dormer-window of the Milford town- bouse. The exterior view of the edifice is striking and altogether pleasant. The style of architecture IS not distinct, but seems to be a combination of the early Tudor English. A graceful tower surmounts the southwest angle, in which the old bell is placed, loo closely hooded to give a clear and certain sound, and above is a clock, with dial on each side. Dwarl tower- surmount the other angles, and from the front roofa large dormer-window projects, giving a first im- pression that the town has succeeded in turning an honest penny by building a tempting eyrie for some enterprising photographist. The entire building i- heated by steam and lighted by gas." Such was the new town-house. It still stands in all its original beauty and firmness, a memorial indi- cating the character of a stalwart and enterprising people. Dedication. — The ceremonies of dedication were impressive and eloquent. The spacious building was packed to the brim with interested people. William Kamsdell, a man of mark and one of the foremost citizens of Milford. in behalf of the building com- mittee, delivered the keys to the chairman of the Board of Selectmen, the late William 1!. Wallace, ill brief and fitting words, to which Mr. Wallace made a brief and fitting reply. George A. Kamsdell, Esq., a native of Milford, then delivered an eloquent and polished address, which was listened to by the vast audience with marked pleasure. It was published in the local paper and deserves a permanenl place in the records of the tow ii. Captain John 31. Stanyan read a poem lull of local hits and spicy tidbits. Addresses followed by Thomas L. Livermore, Charles II. Hums, E. D. Ayer, .1. I.. Spring and D. A. Adams. A dedication ode was finely rendered which was written by J. W. Pills- bury. During the exercises the venerable Dr. Moore entered the hall, and amidst the most earnest ap- . pi. .ii-. he was escorted upon the platform, lie ac- knowledged the grand reception by the waving of his hat. It was most fitting for the good old parson. Milford's first and most honored minister, to pro- 570 1IISTOKY OF IllU-SHoltnnill (M)I'NTY, NKW II AM l'SH I KK. nounce the solemn benediction, which he did, with the greal audience reverently standing, in the follow- ing words : " My tlieml-, !na.\ 111' 1,,,!, I hi,.-:- \,,ii ;unl ,'ail-e In- la, • I" -hill.' il[ you, ami wli<-'ii you .iir ivmove.l from earth may you he introduce, 1 into tin' hall above, where you maj be bl ed forevi i tnon The audience adjourned to theolil town hall, where dinner was served, lion. Albert E. Pillsbury, a native of Milford, aetecl as toast-master. Eloquent speeches were made by T. Kaley, Dana W. King, Israel Hunt, .!. 11. Moulton, Clinton S. Averill and Miss Adeline ( Irosby. Mr. Kaley closed his remarks on the occasion with these eloquent words in reference to the new edifice: 1 'We wish that the last object of the sight -i him who leaves this pleasant and thriving village, and the Bret to gladden him who revisits i, I,,.,, i in, ■ilini^ iliat will remind him of the industry, enterprise and publii spirit el Mill,>i,l. Ia-t it statel, th. ii. i,, meet the sun in its coming ; let the earlieBt light of the morning gild it and parting day linger and play ,,n its summit ' Among the eloquent toasts was the following, which was responded to by a dirge from the band while the entire company stood in thoughtful silence: "To the memory of our heroic l,an,l, mat tyis in a cause in which t,, tight was honor, to fall impeiishahle glory. May they toe inth,- I., arts of the people when the marble which we tin- ilaj eon ate to theii iuem,,r\ has rnniiMeil int. . t,,i -often dust." The festivities of the notable occasion were con- cluded by a grand ball, held in the new town hall in the evening, which was largely attended by the beauty and chivalry of Milford and it* neighboring towns and cities. The best of music was furnished by Hall's Band, of Boston. The spacious gallery was crowded by spectators anil the balcony galleries by invited guests. The -cue was one of unusual gayety and brilliancy. ('II A PTEE VII . MILFORD— (Cond'i Tin: first saw-mill and first grain-mill in Milford were built on the north side of the river, where < Hi- son's mill now stands. flu first stort — worthy of the name — was kept by Mi J. Shepard in the building on the south side of the common now owned by 1!. M. Wallace. At that time .lame- Wallace kepi tavern in the "old Wallace house" and afterward kept a store where Mr. Shep- ard did. At the same time Captain Thomas .Means kept a store in the building which is now owned by Gilbert Wadleigh, having been remodeled and made Over anew, and Colonel Joshua Bumham had a store in the ell of the large house he built on the Lyndeborough toad, known as the Jesse Hutchinson house. Colonel Bumham, with the assistance o[ a few others, built a bridge across the river south of lii- bouse, to accommodate his customers on the south side of the river. A great attraction to this store was the sign with these words: "Rum Sold Here." The only wheelwright in town eighty years ago was Jeremiah Fairfield. His shop stood south of E. C. Batchelder's store. It is supposed the first blacksmith in Milford was Jonathan Buxton, father of the late Jonathan Buxton, inn-keeper. He wrought in a shop which stood where the stone shop now stands. The first male child born in Milford was Jacob Richardson, late of Boston. IB' was born in the Lewis house, now occupied by E. P. Hutchinson. The firs! house to have blinds was the house where the late Abel Chase lived. Among the queer incidents of the town the follow- ing may lie mentioned: Caleb Jones, an eccentric man, lived near where Jacob Howard formerly lived. H«' planted ami cultivated a cherry-tree express!) for the purpose of furnishing boards for his own cof- fin. After it bad grown to a sufficient size he cut the tree and had it sawed into boards. Alter he died the coffin in which he was buried was made of the same hoards. A Fish-Story.— It is stated upon undoubted au- thority that a Mrs. Hopkins, who lived a great many years ago upon the south side of the Souhegan, while wading the liver one day, caught between her feet a salmon. This foolhardy fish impudently sup- posed he could safely run (hat gauntlet, but he got caught, and upon being landed by the brave woman. the victim was found to weigh sixteen pounds, and was the best specimen of a leg-locked salmon ever brought ashore. The Hutchinson Family of Singers.— Colonel Buruham, it appears, was a man of considerable consequence. The sign on his store, "Rum Sold Here," was a sign of the times in which lie lived. Rum was then sold everywhere. But times have changed. In the old Colonel Burnham house, after the old colonel had been gathered, with all his en- ire lor whom he built that bridge, to tb, bosom of the common mother, there was bom and reared a family of children, some of whom be- came famous, and by the singing of sweet temperance songs contributed immensely towards bringing about this change. The Hutchinson family deserve more than a mere allusion in any history of Milford, not because it is numerous or unusually brilliant, but because of the marvelous and exquisite musical gifts possessed by many of them. The most noteworthy of the tribe were Judson, John, Asa and Abby. Jesse and Joshua also deserve mention. The first four named, under the guidance of Jesse, who was a man of Le- nin-, won great fame as the sweetest singers of their time. The harmony of this band of brothers and sisters was never surpassed by mortal throats. Tb, 571 whole family could sing. They inherited their tal- ents in this behalf from their parents, the mother and father both being beautiful singers. When the family lived at home, on the old home- stead, it was a treat to happen round and hear the songs. The Sundaj evening prayer-meetings, held in the old district school-house, were marvels in the way of singing. People came from afar, not to hear the prayers, but hoping to hear the Hutchinsons sing the good, old-fashioned psalm tunes. They were not often disappointed. Sometimes they were all there,— lather, mother. : 1 11 the boys, and Rhoda an.! A-bby. In the summer evenings the windows would lie up, and a crowd, not able to get in, would stand outside and listen entranced as the family sang the immortal old times. There never was such harmony a- thej made. Ii moved to tear-. ii reached into the solemn depths ofthesoul. [t was God-given and heaven-inspired. The Hutchinsons employed their wonderful gifts in the anti-slavery cause and in the cause of temperance. Nathaniel 1'. Rogers, one of the greatest and aoblest of the immortal anti-slavery advocates, in 1844 wrote of the Hutchinsons — "God be thank- 'i. t to- II ut.-liin.-oii-i arc in II iti-slavery movement well asours! Their music would ruin them, but for the chastening influences of oui glorious enterprise. It will now inspire all their genius ami s'o- it lull j.l.u, .iml u ill ^u.iel I Imni liom 11 iimimns of the flattering world, which, butfoi n- protect: would make them a prey. Inotethem nol to praise them : I am above that, as On s are I do it in exultation foi n mse, and for theii adm [on. Though in U)ol in-;., tli.-x .1" not I it anti slavery is a safe regulator of the strongest genius. I hen Ink ision to say, in defi- writer of the times, so lai - i nov Nor I appi ved drafted ini i its en t rati lunti i l at ite < on H at W b '"' ,s ' l]| '" 1 ''"''I ''•- " r Burleigb or Whittior's, Burns wrote bis immortal songs to match the tim. — . m lm II" ' onl'ln'i -in- 1 i !-■■- Jesse Hutchinson, [don't] w as he could at all. Bis soul could if his voice couldn't, ami uml., it- m-i>initi.,n in- |...in -.-d h.n li his lays in songstei verse. « hal songs he* ■■! b it. left us ii I lid have writ- ten nndersuch as] t ' . ■ ; ..,-,. e , i, ,i '.ua songs remind me <>l lulu • 'I'lu- ^l..v-- Moih.u k- iumlh simplicity and patboe bj anj - ..i Hum-'. I .mly mention it to call the attention of the people to what is going on in the anti Milford was once the hot-bed of Abolitionism. It contained a splendid set of nn-n and women, who early espoused the cause of the slave. Among these were the Hutchinsons, known, as before stated, the world over by the singing of stirring Abolition and temperance songs. Leonard Chase, Charles A. Burns, John Mills, Eugene and Benjamin Hutchinson, Eze- kiel Mills, ,T. W. Pillsbury and their wives, as well as others ; Some of these— namely, Charles A. Burns and Elizabeth II. Burns. Benjamin and Eliza Hutchinson, and perhaps others— were excommuni- cated from the Baptist Church in Milford because they believed in the abolition of slavery. What a rec- ord this for a church! It were enough to make it hang iis guilty head in absolute confusion and shame as it contemplates its shallow and hypocritical action. It excommunicated noble men and women because they dared to believe in the universal brotherhood of men. Exhibiting the narrow disposition of a tj rani , it undertook to stifle free speech and free thought whenever it asserted itself in the cause of humanity. But the cause of the slave was triumphant in spite of the opposition of dishonest pro-slavery churches. Many of those noble men ami women lived to see the chains fall from the limbs of slaves, and with pride and satisfaction they have seen the result of their patriotic and devoted efforts. The anti-slavery | pic of Milford held many mei t- ings for conference and discussion. They were often addressed and encouraged b\ the great anti-slavery agitators of the land,— Garrison, Phillips, Rogers, Foster, Pillsbury, Douglass, Abby Kelly, Remond and others,— and their splendid eloquence, supple- mented sweetly and grandly by the emancipation songs of the Hutchinsons, created a public sentiment in this thoughtful town which was irresistible, and spread far and wide, and became a powerful factor i,, bringing about the redemption and disenthralment which constitutes the crowning glory of this nation. The children and descendants of those devoted men and women tain now. and for all time will, reverl « ith pride to the anti-slavery work done by those good people of Milford. In due time the church, b\ slow degrees, with its customary caution (not to say cowardice), came up to the high and heaven-approved ground occupied bj the people it had before spurned, and has made many amends since for its manifold sins in this behall in The Cobbler and Barber.— Their respective shops stood near each other, on the south hank of the rivi sou th of the stone (Shepard's) bridge and west of the road. Major Stimson was the cobbler and John Adams the barber. The major stopped humming his tunes many years since; but John, the barber, al- though he long ago ceased to lather, cut and shave, still lives, a verj old man. The major was a good old soul, and so, in fact, was John. Between the two they kept both end- of the men and hoys of .Milford looking fairly well. The major was fat and jolly, full ofsnuH'aiid stories, - while the barberwas lean, solemn and absent-minded. [1 would be difficult to name a single particular in which they were alike, except that they were both ll !St. Theshop of the major! What a place it was!— a little, old, dingy room in a little, old, one-story build- ing, full of old dust and old boots, pegs and lasts,— which lasted as long as the major lasted,— and old scraps of leather. It had an old stove, a cobbler's bench ' or two, an old leather apron with which the major 572 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COl \TY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. over his capacious belly, and when the old major was in that old shop, as he always was, sitting solidly on the old bench, with awl and hammer in hand, and with boot or lapstone on his leg, working away, whistling as if the troubles of this world did not trouble him, it was a delightful spot <• .In i •■ old shop, wiih the oldmajor in it. «n- spol in all the \ illage. Ii was i he besi pa- tronized. Ii was a handy corner to drop into and od Btory or take a pinch of snuff, if you liked snuff, and if j ou didn't, it would do | see the major take it. Some of it would lodge on his upper lip, it is true; bul you wouldn't mind that, tor it was always there. The major was g 1 to "us boys." lie was never cross. 11. would bear quizzing. His pump-handle was "al- ways out." ami w.- used to ply that handle indus- triously ; hut he never told us anything ho ought not. ami his tailing wore all on virtue's side. Major Stimson was not only an excellent shoemaker, but he was drum-major. He was skillful with more than one kind of taps. The sound of his drum was the signal for the gathering of a crowd. Cotemporary officers with Major Stimson in the regular militia wen- Major "Jim" Hutchinson and Major Ezra Wilton. Major .lim was fife-major. The elation notes of hi- life used to frequently wake the echoes of the Sou began Valley, and the throe to- gether were an attractive trio. Ii was considered a rare treat to assemble these thro,- on the village green The music they made inspired patriotism, ami set the boys to marching. The man who couldn't keep time to that music was horn wrong, and was only " tit tor treason-, stratagem- ami spoils." i: Milford major not only wielded the hammer ami the drum-Sticks, hut ho was master of the baton, and skillfully led the villagi The old shop ha- paid its debt to time, and the good old cobbler lias b ien at rest for more than forty j oar- I le left an excellent family. Peace to his dust : Hops. — For a period of twenty-five or thirty years before the late Civil War there wen- large quantities of hops raised in Milford. They were cultivated chiefly on the intervales bordering on tin - The crop was tolerably sure, hut the value of it was a matter of great uncertainty. It required care and considerable skill in its culture. Not only was it ne- i watch it in its growth and maturity, but the picking and curing wore delicate matters requir- ing judgment and g 1 management. When the crop was good ami mature a bop-yard was a sight novel and handsome. The tall poles, ar- lethodically in row-, and -landiiu toot apart, covered with the clinging vines ami bend- ing under the weight of the beautiful hops, presented it likely to 1m- forgotten, and the fragrance «ious flowers that tilled the air all around was an added charm, greatly increasing the pleasures ot the hop-field. And tlie picking and gathering of the hops! How delightful it was! llop-pieking ! How vividly the bop-times of the past come back to the memory ! The fathei of the writer, Charles A. Burns, raised hops. His farm was on the north side of the Souhegan, now owned, in part, by Mr. Nourse. He was one of the heaviest producers in town. It required a large number of pickers to gather the crop. It took from two to three weeks to do it. The pickers were or- dinarily \ oiing girl- : now and then, very much to the dissatisfaction of his boys, an old maid was mixed in, - straight. It frequently happened, however, that the old girl, was as frisky and full of fun as the young one. Everybody liked fun in hop- time. The bins in which the hops wore dropped were - ti M feet long, four feet wide and three feet high. h took one man to tend each bin. Four or five, and some times half a dozen, pickers arranged themselves around the bin and [died their work. The poles were pulled up and laid across the bin, and the hops were stripped or!', and woe to the girl who didn't "pick clean!" When the proprietor was seen coming down the cart-path, it was interesting to see the bright-eyed maidens run their nimble fingers through the heap- in search of stems and leaves, and when they received the merited (?) compliment from the boss, for the nice manner in which they were doing their work, the sly wink^ that were shot around the bin convinced the writer that girls would hear watching. He has watched them ever since, and he has found out "simply this ami nothing more." And when the day'- work was done, and the hops were bagged to be carried to the kiln for drying, how often a hop-box would he turned over, and some one made to mount it and make a speech ! The speaker was sure ol ag I audience. Charles Carkin, ol Lynde- borough, a unique character, was sometime- the orator, and ho wasa g I one. Ho was a horn orator. and if he had been horn in Milford, possibly lo might have gone to Congress. The writer, although in hi- toon-, was conscripted into tin- business "f speech-making, and many a splurge did he make from the top of a hop-box. The "hops" of the evening were not like the " hops " of the day-time, hut in the old kitchen and the front-door yard, by the moon- light and the mu-ie of Carkin's fiddle and Betsy's voice, often did we hear the command, •on with When the hops were dried and pro-sod hard into bales ol some two hundred pounds each, they had to ted, and the day of inspection was one of considerable anxiety to the hop-raiser. Whether his hop- wore to be stamped first, second or third sorts was a very material fact to him. Stephen Peabody, of Amherst, was for many years inspector; but latterly Joseph Tucker, who lived on the south side ot' the Souhegan, on the farm owned by the late Moses Proctor, acted in that capacity. MILFORD. 573 Hop-raising id in New II: ( II \ PTEB V xi 1 1 . 1 < . i ; [ > .<:,„ ■Mi bin i . ylo, I ■ I Is, •'!' -I 1 1 is tin' boasl "i' some towns thai they Inn e ue\ er had a lawyer, ami they regard themselves as most I'or- tunate. Sonic sixty years ago a lawyer settled in Lyndehorough, bul he had no business, ami finally turned his attention t aking wooden measures. He was good at that ami successful. Dr. Herrick, how- ever, in his reminiscences, couldn't let the old fellow rest, ami gave him ilm following notice: " v. i.m\ \.-i. ,:i\ . -i had the pride 'l' ( . iiiink he safety yeoman could ride And li<< was thrown ofl i trei Il li>. I. Ml. Ml" J. .'I I, From the earliest history of tin- law ami its admin- istration there have been lawyers, ami they have al- u.i\ been the lawful targi ts foi satire ami wit. Even law j era t hemselves arc constantly joking or sal irizing at their own expense. Thus Erskine, one ol tic mosl learned and brilliant of lawyers, once wrote concern- ing an old lawyer's house, which had been sold and wa- occupied by an ironmonger, " Tin I Be, ^ I" i ice ii lawyei dwelt, [a now ii Smith's ale How rapidly the a Ben .lonsun, on being told of the death of a dis- tinguished lawyer, who was not Only eminent in learn ing, bul of the highest integritj , had the impudence to suggest the following couplet as a proper epitaph lor his tomb: Notwithstanding all these reflections and unjust (?) comments, the craft "still lives." Whatever may he true ol' lawyers generally (and the writer has the most profound admiration tor the profession). Mil lord has certainly been fortunate in the men who have in 'he past practiced, and now practice, law in her midst. They have been, and are, without an exception, strong, sensible, uprigb zens, and have had much to do in forming a health; and progressive public sentiment, which has placed the town anion"; the foremost of the intelligent town- ships of the State. A lawyer who spends his time in fomenting litiga- tion and strifes among his fellow-men is a terrible nuisance; but a fair-minded, straightforward reliable attorney , w ho engages onlj in legitimate work in his profession and win. possesses ability to successfully handle his business, and there arc a great many of them, — is one of the most useful of cil izens. Such ha- been the character of our lawyers. A In hi account "i thi e genl lemen is here given to get her with a short biographical sketch of the mil iveSOf the town w ho have become lawyers. Those of the na- tives who have eii" aged in I he other learned professions, with the exception of the lew here given, we have not been able to look up, for want of time and facilities This work, with a vast amount of other work, will fall upon those who give lis the history of the town in full at the end of its first century of corporate Solomon Kidder Livermore, the earliesl established lawyer in Milford, was the fifth child of lies. Jon- athan Livermore, the first settled minister of Wilton. where he was born March 2, 177'.'. lie was the sixth generation fr John Livermore, who cami from England to VVatertown, Mass., in 1634, from whom descended several individuals of distinguished fame as jurists and lawyers. Mr. Livermore was taught at I in his earlj years; but the common school was established before his entire \.,uih pa- d Insinu- ate] lie helpi d in i lie in Id- and in h intei in the woods; his love lor his native hills and valleys grew with his growth and continued to the end of his life. Winn advanced enough in his studies, he entered Mr. Pemberton's school lor boys, at Billerica, Mass., hi- mother's native place, where he remained till fitted for college, which I ntered in 1799, and graduated fi i" ib ridge in 1802, in a class large foi the pe riod, and numbering ai ig iis members many who became eminent and influential citizens of Massa- .■In. . i ; Mr. Livermore studied lav with Oliver Crosby, Esq., of Dover, \. II., was admitted to tin bai aboul 1806, ami after practicing a lew years in Rockingham! lountj removed to Hillsborough County, at the earnest soli- citations of relatives and friends, earl; in the yeai of 1809. Mr. Livermore wrote to a friend about this time that "tin- people generally ..t Hillsborough C ity are i e intelligent and cultivated and law- abiding, than the people of Ivoek iiighain County." Law business may not have been so goo. I, but to a lover of pe: , who often advised Ids clients to sell I,- their differences w ii In.nt the aid of the courts, thi- was no hindrance. Mr. Livermore was eminently a lover of justice, beloved bj those for whom hi labored looked first to the public good, was utterly a wise la towns or citizens pursuing narrow or selfish end-. Political partisanship, the most pronounced, pre- vailed during Mr. Livermore's early life; but he could be no partisan. Unmoved b invectives of the partisans of France, he saw much more that was good and hopeful and less that was mischievous in the federal party, which crystallized 574 HISTORY or HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. into the Whig party, worked with that party till it was bereft of life, found himself a Free-Soil sympa- thizer, and from that evolved ;i Republican. Mr. Livermore was a member of the First Congre- gational Church for nearly twenty-five years, then a member of the First Unitarian Society. He married Miss Abigail Adkins Jarvis, of Cambridge, Mass. Six children lived to mature age. A son and a daughter settled in Baltimore, Mil.; another son in Galena, 111.; the youngest son finally in Cambridge, Mass., on the maternal grandfather's homestead. Two grandsons have been in the navy for years; oni Thomas L. Livermore, rose from the ranks nelcy in the war of secession, and, until he recently resigned, was at the head of the largest manufactory in the country. Through his long life Mr. Livermore felt a keen interest in the colleges ami schools of the country, in and their progress towards right living and good citizenship. He was a judicious friend, a wis.' counselor and a good citizen. He died in July, 1859, in the eighty-first year of his life. Gilbert Wadleigh settled in Milford about the same time as Bainbi idge Wadleigh and I lolonel Lull. He was born in Sutton, N. H. ; fitted for college at New London ; gradual .-l at Dartmouth Colli taught school till 1850, and in that year was admitted to the Merrimack County bar, N. 11. Soon after he went to Milford, where he began the practice of law. lie was cashier of Souhegan Lank from 1859 to 1864, and treasurer of Milford Five-Cent Savings Institu- tion from 1871 to 1875. He still resides in Milford and still practices his profession in a moderate way. Mr. Wadleigh i> a highly esteemed citizen and a very worthy man. John .1. Bell, of Exeter, was born at Exeter, V IF. Octobei 30,1827; educated in the common schools and academies in Concord and Manchester ; studied law with lion. Samuel 1 >. Bell, Hon. William C. Clarke, ami at Dana Law School of Harvard University and graduated in 1846, receiving the degree of LL.B. He was admitted to practice April 7. 1848, in Hills- borough I ounty. Hecommi need practice in Nashua, in 1848, moved to Milford early in 1849, remained there until July, 1850, and then went to Concord, Me., where he remained until June, 1864, when he removed to Exeter, X. IF. where he still is living. In 1864 Dartmouth gave him the honorary degree of A.M. Mr. Bell was a member of the Constitu- tional Convention in 1876. He was judge of the Police ( iourt of Exeter from the time of it- establish- ment, in March. 1877, to March, 1883. He n Exeter in the House of Representatives ni L883 and is one of its representatives now. Mr. Bell is in all respects a first-class man. com- manding attention and influence in whatever he en- gages. He comes from as good stock as the State contains, and it is enough to say that he is a worthy representative of a splendid race of men. Lawrence Dudley Bailey was born at Sutton, V II . August 26, 1819; followed farming on his father's farm till he was seventeen years old ; was educated in the schools and academies of New Hampshire and Vermont; studied law in the office of W. Tappan, and his son, M. \Y. Tappan ; admitted to the liar at Newport, N. IF. July 9, 1846, Hon. Joel Parker pre- siding. He began practice at East Washington. N. \l., and r ved to Milford. N. IF. in March, 1847, and entered into law partnership with S. K. Livermore and remained there till 1849, selling out his librarj to 1 1. ,n. I'.. Wadleigh. He then went to i Returning November 1, 1853, he entered into partner- ship with M. W. Tappan. and continued at Bradford till March ■!'■'., ls">7, then went to Kansas and opened law-office mar Emporia ; was elected to the Legislature in 1858 and to the Territorial Legislature in 1859. He was eh cted one of the judges ,,f the Supreme I iourt under the new Free State ( institution, and re-elected in 1862 for six years; was president of Kansas Ag- ricultural Society in 1863 and re-elected four years in succession. In 1869 he was a member of the Legisla- ture for Douglas County, and in 1873 was nominated tor State Senator, hut declined to take it. He assisted in forming the Historical Society of that State in 1868 and '69. He for a while edited and published led The t, ul! ir.it,,,- ,,,i,l lliiihman. He is now living on his farm of four hundred and thirty- five acres in that State. Judge Bailey has written a great deal for the press ami for New Hampshire pa- pers, as well as others. He was a contributor to the ■ ■'. published in Milford in 1 8 18. One of the early settlers in Kansas, he helped dedi- cate the State to freedom, and the above record shows a life of great activity. Original, with a nervous force ami high purpose, he has pushed his way on from an obscure New Hampshire town into the heart of the great West, and his work has told in the up- building of a powerful State, It is a loss to New Ham]. shire to give up such men as Judge Bailey, hut ii is a magnificent gain t.. some other state and t.. the nation. The next man who settled in Milford as a lawyer was Bainbridge Wadleigh. .Mr. Wadleigh was horn at Bradford, X. IF, on the 4th of January, 1831. He read law with Hon. M. W. Tappan at Bradford. He was admitted to the New Hampshire bar al Newport, February, 1850, and immediately began practice at Milford. where he continued to work, doing a large lav, business, until he was elected to the United States Semite, in 1872. Mr. Wadleigh represented Milford in thi ture in 1855 and '56, in 1859 and '60, and in 1869, 70, 71 and '72. \i the close of his term in the United States Sen- ate In began the practice of his profession in I'.oM.m. where he still continues doing a large and lucrative law business. Mr. Wadleigh is a man of talent and integrity. ^tf. <^>l>l> £^^£^t7Z4LJ 575 He is a strong, able, fine lawyer, a forcible and at- tractive speaker, with exceedingly agreeable manners and noticeable physique. Energetic and persistent, with an active mind and retentive memory, he makes a powerful opponent in any cause he espouses. He took high rank in the Senate, as he does in the law. His career is by no means closed, as he is iu the full vigor ami strength of manh I. Mr. Wadleigh still retains his residence in Mil- ford ami take- great delight in the town ami its people. Another prominent lawyer of Milford was Lieu- tenant-Colonel Oliver W. Lull. He was born in Weare, N. H., January 14, 1826. His parents were of tie' highest respectability. They were not able, however, to give Oliver a liberal education, which, quite likely, was fortunate for him. He attended the public schools at Weare ami at Manchester, X. H„ to which place lie removed in 1*44. He taught school for a while in Framingham, Mass., ami in Milford, X. H. He commenced the study of the law at Framingham, ami afterwards completed the course in the law-office of the Hon. David Cross, of Manchester. He was admitted to the bar of Hills- borough County in May, 1851, and then established himself in practice at Milford. He pursued his pro- fession with great zeal ami marked success until tin' commencement of the Civil War, in 1861. As a law- yer, considering his age and experience, ho had few, if any, superiors. He infused into his practice the same enlivening energy and strong determination as that which had marked his previous career. Al- though an unflinching and tireless opponent, he was the most considerate and faithful of counselors. He commanded a large share of the business in his vicinity, and his practice was successful to an eminent degree. He was a good citizen, kind and faithful husband, an indulgent parent, a true friend. He possessed tin- highest social qualities, and no one en- joyed life better than he, and no one was Letter cal- culated to make those happy about him. When the war broke upon us, the cause of our country found in Lieutenant-Colonel Lull an aide and efficient supporter. Among the first to otter his ser- vices to his native State, his influence was felt far and near in raising recruits, and all, whether friendly or indifferent toward him, were constrained to ac- knowledge the manly and noble course that he pin- sued and the valuable and timely services that he rendered. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Eighth New Hampshire Volunteers, and went with In- regiment iu General Butler's expedition to New Orleans. Before his departure he received manj testi- monials from his fellow-citizens of their regard and es- teem, not the least of which was a beautiful horse pre- sented to him by the citizens of Nashua and vicinity. Many will remember his stirring and patriotic letter in which he handsomely acknowledged the gift, and the hope that he breathed, that the rider might prove himself worthy of the blood and mettle of his noble .-teed. Most truly was the prayer answered. Colonel Lull was every inch a man. His devotion to the land of his birth knew no hounds. lie was accustomed to say, in his impassioned appeals lo young men to come forward and till up the ranks ol bis regiment, that he would not ask them to follow wheie he was not willing to lead. How true was this! Winn he received the wound that caused hi- death he was bravely leading bis regiment to attack the works of the enemy. Throwing into the contest more than his accustomed encrg) , and dis- playing a bravery that cannot be de-i rihed, raising bis sword above his brow, In- cried to bis trusty fol- lowers to press on to victory. But in the midst ol the wild excitement of the hour he fell from a rifle- ball, which entered hi- thigh and ranged into the ab- domen. He was shot about ten o'clock in the fore- noon ami died about two the same day. When in- formed by the surgeon that he must die, be said, "Thank (Sod, 1 die for my country ! " Thus was added another mime to the long roll of heroic Americans who, by their valor, have proved their lives more than sublime, — men who were as true to the cause "I' their country as the "steel to the star or the stream to the sea." % Colonel Lull for some time was provost-judge at ThibodeaUX, where he discharged the duties pertain- ing to the position with great proficiency. He was afterwards appointed, upon General WeitzeFs stall and received the highest encomiums from that officer, also from Generals Butler. Phelps and Emory. He always proved himself fully competent to fill any position to which In- was assigned. Colonel Lull was a Democrat in politics, lie was a patriot. He was a man of brains and power. He had commanding talent.-. His natural place in any company was at the front. He was a star. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Eighth New Hampshire Regiment of Volunteers October 1. 1861, and at once aided in recruiting the ranks and went with them to the field and remained with them till he died. "At the time of the terrible assault upon the fortifications of Port B ii :7th ofMay,18C3, Lieutenant-Colonel Lull was tem- , thestaffoi General Emory ; but Colonel Fearingbeing in the charge of a brigade, he roluntarilj returned and tooH c and of his own men. The Eighth Regi m was among the forces at the hi'iiil nl thf o -in in n wli'li tin- ;ut Mini-' w.'i- MpU'i'il. unit "ill' uii.-ijunli-tt heroism, the bra™ men charged directlj upen the Rebel Hi conflict was desperate, but at length the enemy began to retreat with . . lonel Lull was constantly at Hi- head ol his command, and the fourth Rebel In"l i"»t i»-—n |o when, in the ac tof cl ring his men, ho fell, pierced with 8 Rebel rifle-ball The UMHIl.l, llwnjl M IV - O l'\ UilS Mm! ilisllllltly tillllt H. \MI- Hill lllll.tV carried to tin- rear, where, after a few hours of i ,„,,.,! ii,. i.,..n «... , i, i i-.i I- v « Orleans, placed in ;. receiving tomb ■iin'. tli.c ri'iiiiuni'il until tin' full. •win:; iiiitiuuli. whi-ll it was brought Iimiiii' t. 1 Milf'T.1 f..r imri.il. Hi- inn. ml -. i .. .. . - were held November 17 t h | n the church where the deceased had been accust ing mi. ,i i i tl,. utmost capacity with sorrov .,,,,1 |-|„.|„1- A il.-r.i. Iinnnit nl th.- Onverin.r - Hursi- 1 1 minis wins prewut HISTORY OF IIILLSBOKOUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. and performed military h< s. Hon Pa via Cross, ..t Manrln >i,i. ina-i.- Ml wl'lt'-'sS, ;i li. I ivlntr.l inall.V lln'lilrllts ill til.' lit".' "t til-' .). r.asnl. Til-.' i.-maitia wen- ilriu.sit.il in tin- village cemetery, ami his In- r.'liniiibereil ami 1 1. 1 1 1. .1 . ■■ i ..- Iliat of a mail win. nobly sacrificed bis hi.. 1..I In- country." The above paragraph is from Waite's work on "New Hampshire in the Great Rebellion," and is quoted as giving an excellent epitome of the critical moments in (he life of our distinguished friend. If he had chosen to have done at this supreme hour what lie most properly might, and remained with General Emory, tin- result would have been very different; but he deliberately exchanged a post of comparative safety tor one of extreme danger. The spirit which impelled this heroic act is seen in the memorable ami patriotic words of our hero written in his diary on the morning preceding his death, before the battle opened, — " In one hour we commence the storming of Port Hudson. Many of us will not si-.:- an. .fin r rs. W H.W.Hinds,] >earborn, 1 »insmore, Smith and Hutchinson, make a lisl of exceedingly reputable gi n- tlemeu. The limits of this article will nol allow a detailed account of all. Dr. Jonas Hutchinson was bom at Milford, June 2, 1792, and died September 13, 1857; studied medi- cine at 1 Dartmouth • Jollege ; > imenced pi Hancock, and continued there till November, 1841, when lie removed to Milford. He represented Han- cock in the Legislature, 1833-34-35. lb skillful and successful physician. S. S. Stickney was born in Townsend, Mass.. No- vember 16, 1810, and died in Milford, after liv- ing there forty years. He graduated at the Carlton Medical College, in Vermont, in 1836, Hi | in Dublin, X. H., a few months, then removed to Milford. His cotemporaries in practice were Drs. Hutchinson and Eldridge. He was a strong, sensi- ble, upright man and a good physician. Dr. Eldridge's history we have been unable to look up, hut he was lor a long lime one of Milford's best doctors. A good, kind, honest, faithful physician. Samuel G. Dearborn, born at Xorthficld, N. II., A.llgus1 b'. 1827 : educated at the district sidc.il and at Sanbornton Academy and New Hampshire i lonf. r- ence Seminary ; graduated in November, 1849, from Medical Departmentof Dartmouth College; practiced medicine at Union Bridge (now East Tilton), for three months; in February, 1850, went to Mont Veri ; in June, L853, removed to Milford; married Decem- ber ".. 1853 ; in L861 was commissioned surgeon Eighth Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, served one year; in summer. L 863, served three mouths in the Army of the Potomac ; wenl to Nashua May. 1873, and has always had a large and lucrative prac- tice. He is the best known and one of the most skillful physicians and surgeons in Southern New Hampshire. Dr. Dearborn belongs to a noted family of physi- cians, and he is himself a man of eminent ability. He ha- patrons from all parts of New England. Henry G. Dearborn, born at Northfield September IS, is:;:., practiced medicine with his brothers, Samuel i ;. I learboru and d'l las I'.. Dearborn, atMilford, for a while, then went to Nashua, and is now in practice t here with his brother. Thomas Benton Dearborn was horn at Northfield 25, 1838. He graduated at the State University of Indiana in 1861. He- studied medicine with his uncle, Dr. Jonathan Dearborn, of Sterling, 111., and with his brother. Dr. S. G. Dearborn, and he graduated at the Medical Department of Dartmouth College, and practiced medicine at Milford, where he died, dune 10, 1879, at the age of forty years. He accomplished surgeon and a man of large brain and great ability. His funeral was attended by an enormous concourse of people, and caused widespread sorrow. He left a wi< four beautiful boys. 578 BISTOEY OF HILLSKOKorniI COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. William H. W. Hinds was born at Chichester, X. 11.. August 1. L833; was educated in tin- Boston schools, including the English High School, from which he graduated in L850 ; studied medicine with O.S.Saunders, M.D., ami Daniel Hall, of Lowell, ami Jonathan Brown, of Tewksbury ; was at the State Almshouse, Tewksbury, from 1857 to 1861 ; graduated ii-i.i Harvard .Medical College in 1861; assistant surgeon Seventeenth Massachusetts Volunteer-, ami later surgeon Twelfth Massachusetts Volun served in that capacity three years; began practice in Milford in 1865, where he has remained since, doing :,, -m-, , -.-in! business. He has represented Milford in tin- lower branch of the Legislature, in 187&-76, ami is now a member of the Senate from his district. Dr. Hinds is a man of large intelligence, very skill- ful as a physician ami an agreeable ami accomplished gentleman. Darius Stearns Dearborn, another Northfield Dear- born, was born there, attended school at Tilton Semi- nary ami at Lind University, Illinois ; graduated from University Medical College, Ne^ York; began prac- tice in Wyanet, 111., afterward- at Brookline, X. 11.. i year- pas) at Milford, where he is engaged wholly in a very large practice. Dr. Dearborn has had large experience and i.- a first-class physician. Dr. Dinsmore is a young man of excellent educa- tion and very skillful as a physician. 11. in Amherst, where he was verj successful, but re- cently moved to Milford, in which place he has be- come one of the leading and most successful prac- titioners. Herbert S. Hutchinson, born in Milford in 1849; college a! Milford High School, 18(39-71; graduated at Dartmouth College June, 1875 : studied n the Medical School oi -Maine, at Brunswick, and at Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege; graduated at tin: latter, March, 1880; prac- ticed a short time at New Boston; then : Francestown, where he remained five years, and is now located at Milford. Dr. Hutchinson possesses all Hie requisites of a first-class physician and surgeon. He lucated, skillful and . nergetic. Among the natives of Milford who have become physicians the following may he named.- all young men of great promise: Fred. A. Eldridg A. Hatch, George E. Hatch, Charles A. Weaver. . lame- Sullivan ami Herbert S. Hutchinson. Civil List. — The following are the names of those who have represented Milford in the House of Rep- resentatives : 1795.— W il i'.e>. ikliii'' riuw • — V. article in the wart —William Peabody. 1801-2.— William I 1803 —Augustus Blanchard. lS'i-i. — Vi'teil ma t" -' nil any .an-. ]Sil.Vli — C.i|,l.i i .1 ;., 1813-1 I — Vi iiliaiu Lovejoy. 1820-24.— William Crosby. 1825.— Stephen Peabody. 1826.— Josiab French. 18i7.— Stephen Peabody. 1828.— Josiah l [829-31.— Solomon k 1 , 1833-34.— John Wallace, Jl 183".— Abiel I - 1 any one. I! ■! Putnam. 1842.— William 1st:!.— Daniel Putnam. 1.-4.1. — Nineteen 1. all., t> ami m. chuiee ami voted lint t I any one. ted not tn Bend. 1S17.— Daniel I'ntnain ami William 11a in-. 1-0 1. 1-1-.— Dane 1 i'tilii.iin ami Jl.innl Iinsse)|. IM.I.-Dauel Itnssell ami linage Daniels. 1850. —I..- i a Daniels. lSal.— I.e. -U.i ' ■ 1 ' li..;..- ami I .... -I i m « . Burns '.':•' ... \\ i. 'ana-. rgi W. c, ami llainl.n.lu-e Wadleigh. I Bartlett. 1861.— George I". Bartlett ami V) ill, ti i im 1862.— William Lane an. I Martin Hall. 1863 Slartin Hall and Gilbert Wadleigh. lM'.r.— Oillu II Wa.llea li an. I I. in I. 1' SaWJW. Isic.. — Kre.l. ii. k T. Sawyer ami .li.hn Marrell. Marvel! and Francis .1. French. 1867.— Fran, i- .11. • ~la 1868.— Math i - ■ ml <";. Dearborn. : .in ami llamliiiilL-.- Wadleigh. : ..'•■ W.nll.'i.li ..ii.i M- 1.-71. — It.'i el Muses French. 1N7J. — liainliridge Wadlcigli ami I ...i.e., I CI illume I-:; a, ui.iiinn r. iini.-hnis.iii. u. i: i 1 Isaiah Hutch- illiam B. Towne and William M. iaiu II W Hinds and Christophi r -Ii.ih ami Timothy 1S74.— Benjamin F. Hutchil Kuowlton. 1875.— William M. Knowlton, William II. \, C. Shaw. 1876.— William II. W. Hinds, Christopher 1877.— Isaac I' Abbott, Robert M. Wallace and Ti thj 1878.— Bobert M. Wallace, DsaacP. Abbott and William W. Howard, phen C. Ooburnand William W. Howard. 1880.— David II.. .1.1 ."..I -i. phi r, - ls.-j— Ja-,.n T Burns an. I David F. Tl ipson. 1884.— John Mi Lai e and Samui 1 B. ' otton. The following are the names of citizens of Milford who have been elected and served as members of the New Hampshire Senate : .lam-. Wallace, in 1814, '15, '16. John Wallace, Jr., in 1821, '22, '23, '24, 28. Humphrey Moure, m lsll. Leonard chase, in 1861,'62. Timothy Kaley, in 1 381, S2. William H. w. Hinds, in 188 . Z^sf? i£& BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Among the families that for nearly a century and a half have been connected with the improvement and progress of Milford, and which deserve especial mention in this history, is that of Averill. This family is undoubtedly of early French 01 Soman extraction, domiciled, however, in England since the time of William the Conqueror. The branch located in county of Worcester, England, and lrcun which, probably, the American Averills derive, was entitled to bear arms described in heraldry as follows: "Gu. a cross Bleury, ermine charged in chief, with a buck's head of the field ; crest, a buck's head, caboshed as in the arms." The first American Averill was William, whose descendants arc numerous in various parts of this country. Then- are many of the name in Topsfield, Mass., from which place Eliene/.er Averill came in 1752 to Milford, N. H., then the South Parish of Amherst, as one of the pioneers of the town, and pur- chased a farm adjoining the Mont Vernon line. He was an active man of energy, well qualified to succeed in the troublesome and difficult life of the early set- tlers. Mis children were Ruth, Ebenezer, David, Elijah and Moses. Ebenezer, son of Ebenezer, horn 1 752, succeeded to the home farm, where he became a well-to-do farmer. He erected a frame house, yet standing, about 1790, and this was so unusual an event as to call people from near and far to witness the strange appearance. He married Anna Johnson, horn 1755, and had children— .lames (1778), Elijah (1781), Eben (1783), Luther (1786), Calvin, Aladan, Nancy and Alma. He died July 1 t. 1837, aged eighty-five. Mrs. Averill died September 15,1 339, aged eighty -four. They were a quiet, undemonstrative peoph of marked industry, who early impressed upon their children the value and necessity of labor; these did credit to their instructions, and all inherited a goodly share of ancestral strength and physical vigor. James purchased a farm in Mont Vernon which adjoined the paternal estate, where he lived until his death, in 1868, at the advanced age of ninety. Luther settled on the farm immediately south of his lather's, always resided there and attained nearly four-score years. Elijah in early life was a farmer, afterward removed to the village and was for year- engagi d in lumbering with his brother Calvin. Eben remained on the home farm, succeeding to its ownership, and died when about eighty-six. Aladan, after a short experience as farmer on a part of the home farm, came to the village, where he conducted a saw and grist-mill for many years, dying at an advai I age. Nancy married John Leavitt, a farmer of Amherst, had several children and died aged nearly seventy. Alma married, first, Daniel Johnson, had one child. Naac I .: -ccoud, I !eii ja mi n I'.arker, of Milford, who was a miller. She also attained an aihanccd age. Calvin Averill was born September 18, 1788. His education was acquired at the common schools of that period, and in the practical one of farm-life, where knowledge of the axe, the plough and the scythe was of tar more value than the conjugation oi Greek verbs, and well was he grounded in their principles. At his father's request, he remained on the home farm Until he had several years passed his majority, and married, in 1S14, Eunice, daughter of (diver and Eunice (Brown) Spalding. The hard labor of the farm was not sufficiently remunerative for his ambi- tion, and, with a desire of bettering his condition, lie removed to Milford village and engaged in lumbering and running a saw-mill. This part of the State was then covered with dense pine forests, and the rapid growth of Lowell and other cities gave a quick market and good price for the lumber. Mr. Averill was prosperous, and continued this business alone, and with others, during iiis active life. He was a man of positive character, clear and decided in his opinions and strong i n his advocacy of them. He aided freely, all matters of public improvement, was a pro- nounced Jelfcrsoiiian Democrat in a community in- tensely Whig in sentiment, but was often selei ted for important trusts and tin' management of affairs of consequence, lie held the various low n oi selectman many terms and tit one time county com- missioner. He owned, in company with his brother Elijah, a large farm in the rich valley of the river, immediately below the village. In 1836 they built the house now occupied by C. S. Averill, ami which, modernized ami improved, is one of the pleasantest homes in Milford. Here the brothers passed their last years, Calvin dying April -J7, 1874. lie was a great loss to the business interests of the town and to the Baptist Church, of which he was a valued and active member. In this large family one especial trait is noticeable — love of home and their native town ; they all passed their li\cs and died within a radius of ten miles from the old homestead. Clinton Spalding Averill, the only child of Calvin and Eunice (Spalding) Averill, was born in Milford, September 22, 1827. His primary education was received at the district schools of Milford ; he then attended Hancock ami Pembroke Academies, fitting himself for the military school, Norwich I Norwich, Vermont, where he was graduated in 1849 w ith tin degree of I'.. S., and from which he afterward received the honorary degree of M.A. After grad- uation he became a tutor in the same institution; then was appointed professor id' natural science, which position he resigned in 1853, as his health wmld not permit him to continue his work. In December, is:.:;, he went to Marietta, < duo. as princi- pal oi the Western Liberal Institute, but ill health obliged him again to relinquish teaching, and he re- turned to New Hampshire. This was a severe trial 580 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. to a young man who had the essential i|ualities of a good teacher, — knowledge and power, — that is, he was master of his work, and had the power, without which all knowledge is vain, to stimulate. As Pro- fessor Tyndall says: "Both go together in the true teacher; a power of character must underlie and enforce the work of the intellect, There are men who can so roiis. • and energize their pupils— so call forth their strength and the pleasure of its exercise- as to make the hardest work agreeable." It is a remarkable coincidence in the lives of many good teachers, those well fitted for this work, thai ill health forces them from their chosen field of labor. On returning to New Hampshire, Mr. Averill studied law with Colonel 0. W. Lull, ofMilford, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. In L861 the break- ing out of the great Civil War created a large demand for experienced military instruction, and his Alma Matt r again demanded his services as teacher. He was there for a few months only, the confinement proving injurious to his health. In 1862 he opened a law- office in Milford, but owing to his precarious health, two years passed before he was aide to attend to busi- ness. From 1864 his office business has grown stead- ily, and is now quite extensive, pertaining mostly to matters of trust and probate. His interest in educa- tion has always been warm, and he was superintendent of schools for many years in Milford. He held the position of trustee of the State Normal School for several years. In 1873 he was elected superintendent of schools of the city of Nashua, accepted the posi- tion and held it for two years. The same love of home and home surroundings which has been so marked in all his family drew him again to Milford, and, in connection with this, was an urgent request from the officers of the Milford Five-Cent Savings- Hank, of which he had been trustee since its incor- poration, to return and devote his time and financial ability to its affairs, which were in an unsatisfactory condition,— a sequence of the robbery so well remembered by all citizens. He i sented to do this, returned to Milford, and in August, 1875, was elected its treasurer, which office he still retains. He has been connected with the Souhegan National Bank for many year- as director, vice-president and president, being elected to the filler position in January. 1882. Mr. Averill married, March in, 1852, Catherine Frances, daughter of Dr. Jonas Huti hinson, of Mil- ford. Thej had but one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Averill's death occurred April -t, 1878. liming all his active life Mr. Averill has been prominently connected with the business, social ami educational affairs of his native town, and a large contributor to its development and progress. A Democrat in politics, he has always cared more for the triumph of right principles and the election of good men than for party or personal gain. Careful and conservative, but always in favor of true progie-s. he has shown him- self a successful financier and a valuable adviser in business undertakings, and has ever commanded the respect, confidence and esteem of a large range of acquaintance. In private life he is especially marked by his modest and unassuming manners, strong social feeling and warm friendship for his numerous friends. In public life he is the courteous gentleman to all and a faithful and devoted guardian of all trusts. >ay: in-: a David Heald, son of Oliver and Tatty (Wright) Heald, was bom in Nelson, Cheshire County. N. II.. October 6, 1832. He is a descendant of two early New England families, which in various ways have been connected with the progress of the last two hundred and fifty years. John Heald let! Berwick, England, in 1635, to make a home in far-off America, and settled in Concord, Mass., where he died .May 24, 1662. He had eight sons, the oldest of whom, John-', married Sarah Dean, in 1661. Their oldest son, John 3 , married, in 1690, Mary < handler. Of their six sons, John*, the old- est, married a Hale, settled in Acton, Mass., where In- died in 177o, aged eighty-two years. Oliver 5 , his third son, married Lydia. daughter of Deacon Isaac Spauld- ing. of Townsend, Mas-., and came as one of the first settlers to that part of New Hampshire now Temple. The young couple experienced the hardships and pri- vations incident to pioneer life, and it is written of them and their companions: "Their only guide- boards were marked tree- ; they could keep no Stock of any kind for want of provender, and when they went to church thej wen obliged to go on foot all the way to New Ipswich, it being a distance of six statute miles." Oliver Heald was a man of strong and sturdy in- dependence of thought and strict integrity, and won the resped of all. Active and energetic, he held various offices of trust. He was an official member of the first church in Temple, selectman for several years, and one of the patriotic band of forty-six who, upon the alarm of April 19, 177o, marched from Temple to Cambridge to assist in repelling the British troops. He died in 1790, aged fifty-six. His wile survived him, dying at the age of sixty-five, in 1802. They had eleven children, of whom Amos'' was second son. He was born June Hi, 1765, married, in 1789, Sybil Brown, of Temple, and became a resident of Nelson. They had seven children. Oliver 7 , their second son. horn October 1,1790, learned the trade of cloth-dresser, to which he afterwards added those of wool-carder and clothier, in connection with farm- ing. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, a soldier in the War id' 1812, and was many times chosen by hi- townsmen to fill places of trust. He had the commission of justice of the peace for years. Of in- dependent thought and positive character, and with an innate hatred of all oppression, he early identified himself with the unpopular Abolition movement, and Q$frK4/bk&* became an active local leader of that party. He moved to Milford in 1849, where his wife, Patty. born March 28, 1794, whom he had married April 30, 1816, and who had borne him ten children, died August 19, 1854, aged sixty years. Mrs. Heald's mother was of the celebrated Dunster family, the American branch ofwhich originated with Henry Dunster, who came from England in 1640, became the first president of Harvard College, and was said to be "one of the greatest masters of the Oriental languages that has been known in these ends of the earth," and who ad- ministered its affairs with eminent success. Mr. Heald married, second, March, 1857, Belief Little, of Peter- borough, N. H., in which town he died October •">, 1867, aired seventy-seven years. His children were Addison, Albert, Sarah D. (Mrs. William Crosby), Emily (Mrs. J. Q. A. Ware), Henry, Lydia (Mrs. M. W. Harris), William (died in infancy), David, Almiia (Mrs. Alonzo French) and Edwin. To show the deep religious feeling of this family, we would state that Addison and Albert were educated for the ministry. and Albert is an efficient minister of the Baptist de- nomination. Emily's husband (Rev. Mr. Ware) was also an able Baptisl clergyman. David Heald s , by the force of circumstances, early devoted himself to labor, receiving only the educa- tional advantages of the old red school-house of his district, summers and winters, until he was twelve, and winter terms until he was fourteen. He worked both on the farm and in his father's cloth-dressing shop up to that age. With his brother Addison, who had learned the trade, lie then started the manufacture of furniture or cabinet-work in the shops of his father, but after three years' time the business was relinquished as unprofitable, and the family removed to Milford. David then engaged as journeyman in the same establishment of which he became proprietor in .May, 1856, From that time to the present Mr. Heald has been identified with the manufacturers of Milford. From the small force of half a dozen men employed in 1856 in making cheap "cottage" bedsteads and tables, the number of employes has increased to forty or fifty, anil the quality of work to a fine grade of artistic chamber furniture made of ash, walnut, cherry and chestnut. The main building of his factory is eighty feet long, thirty-five feet wide, three stories in height, with an ell titty feet by thirty-five feet, four stories in height; besides this there is an engine-room, drying-room, etc. An eighty horse-power engine has just been put in as the force to run the factory and the saw-mill and numerous appliances necessary in so elaborate an establishment, which has been provided with the latest improvements for the pro- duction of furniture, five thousand dollars' worth hav- ing been added in the last four years, making a com- plete establishment for its purpose. Thislarge factory and extended industry has been the product of Mr. Heald's own exertions. He has steadily devoted him- self to his business, and has the satisfaction of know- ing that it is one of the permanent and prosperous institutions .>f the town. A vvorkingman himself, he understands the condition of other workingmen, an. I the relations which should exist between and employed. One man has worked for him for over twenty-five years, several others from ten to twenty years. Hi- two sons, Edward and Frank, are his active assistants, Mr. Heald has been twice married: first. November 27. 1856, to Mary Susan, daughter of Ebenezer Frost, of Ashburnham, Mass. She died November 9, 1858. Their child. Ella F., born April 15, 1858, died 3i p tember 21, 1858. He married, second, Octobet 22 1862, Mary E., daughter of Calvin and Elvira (Walling- ford) Stone, of Marlborough. She was a successful teacher in Milford for several years previous to her marriage. Their children are Edward S., Frank 11., Florence M., Clara M. (deceased), Mary S. and Hattie 1.. Although a member of the School Hoard of Milford for several years, and of the Lower Hon si' of t lie State Legisl e in L881, Mr. Heald ha- never -ought office, but rather shrank from official position. In- heriting the Abolitionism of his father, he has sup- ported the Republican party in nearly every election since its organization. Intensely radical by nature that party has not always come up to his advanced ideas, lie inherited a deeply religious character, has been a member of the Baptist Church for about twenty-five years, and, with the sympathy and hearty accord of his estimable wife, ha- given largely of his energies to the cans.'- of religion and temperance. In fact, this worthy couple have generously contributed both of their time and money to all good work tending to the mental and religious improvement id' the com- munity, ilrs. Heald is much devoted to religious interests, and prominent in efforts for the welfare of the young. Mr. Heald is a valuable factor in the Sunday-school. As superintendent and teacher for years, no one in Milford has more thorougly impressi d himself upon the rising generation. Esteemed as a citizen, of sterling honesty and per- sistent energy, Mr. Heald is one of the best types of New England's "self-made" men, and justly holds i high place in the regards ..fall who know him. JOHN W. HUTCHINSON. The Hutchinson- trace their ancestr) to A.D. 1282, when Barnard Hutchinson resided in Cowlan, county of York, England. The family is entitled to bear arms described thus, — "Per pale, gules and azure, semee ol cross-crosslets or, a lion ramj t, argent. Crest, out of a ducal coronet or, a cockatrice with wings indorsed azure: beaked, combed and mottled gules." The line ol descent in England is Barnard 1 , .1; - -'. James 3 , William 1 , Anthony'', Thomas 6 , Law- rence 7 , Thomas', Thomas' 1 , Richard 10 . .-.-- BISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Richard 10 , bora in Arnold, England, in 1602, emi- grated i" America in 1634, with wife, Alice, and four children, settling in that part of Salem. Mass., now Danvers,in 1637. He became a large land-owner. His son Joseph" lived through the historic pi witchcraft delusion of 1692. Joseph 12 , Joseph 1 . Jo- seph" continue tin- line to Elisha 15 , who. being granted by his father's will a lot of seventy-four acres of wild lands in the northwest part of Amherst (now Milford), X. 11.. moved thither in 1719, oi first settlers. This lot was bought lor fifty-five pounds, and, with subsequent additions, bi beautiful farm which has been the fondly-cherished home oi' the "singers." Elisha was well titted for the privations and ard- uous labors of a pioneer. Be had been one of the earliest in respond to the call of the col private in the Danvers companj of militia, which, commanded by Captain Jonathan Page, engaged the British troops at Lexington on the memorable 19th of April. He was chosen surveyor of Amherst March 12.17^7. He had three children, — Jesse K , Andrew and Sarah. J.—.' and hi- brother Andrew, with the assist- inci Andrew Leavitt, built the first Baptist Church in Milford village, and they were earnest and conscientious Years before, the brothers had purchased a violin. After join- ing the church, anything that had association with dancing was repulsive to them, and that the violin might yet be of use, they sawed it in two and made tobacco-boxes of the halves. Jesse married Mary, daughter of Andrew Leavitt, of Mont Vernon, Iso a Li rolutionary soldier, who did good service at Bunker Hill. This worthy couple were residents of Milford from 1777 to 1868. Uncle Jesse was very popular with his townsmen; he had a large family, and from their parents they received religious in- i.i I fruit in after-life. These children, sixteen in number,— Jesse, David, Noah. Mary, Andrew, Zephaniah, Caleb, Jesse, Joshua, Benjamin, Judson, Ethoda, John, Asa, Elizabeth, Abby,— had by nature and inheritance musical talents, which gave to the family a world-wide reputation. Mary, the mother, was a sweet singer, and, whether forking tin- cradle, at tin- old spinning-wheel or in the active duties of her household, her voice was ever raised in sacred song. < if this large family. three died in early youth, one lived to bi seventy- seven years, and only two are now living. John and Abby (Mrs. Ludlow ration,. John W. Hutchinson", the thirteenth child, was born January 4. 1821, "under a lucky star," and for ears he led the life incident to all farmer's Sew Hampshire,— that of unremitting toil. Hi- sical genius was developed at a ^ ery early age. Before he could lead the -tall' he could sing his part correctly, and at ,. n he could manage any of the simple tunes then in vogue. When he was ten years old he was admitted to the church, but when, in later life, his soaring spirit could not endure any restrictions upon his principles of freedom, he withdrew. For some years he was a member of a brass band, and with his stirring music aided in the campaign of "Tippecanoe and Tyler, too," and from that time to the present he has been in the vanguard of reformers, and one of the promoters of ail progres- sive movements. But to the hold, daring, ambitious, inflexible, gifted John there could he hut one result to any of his undertakings — success; and. acting up to the inspiration of his early-conceived and long- contemplated ideas, he, with his younger brothers, established a singing hand, to travel and give public Concerts; and, with a brave heart and a pel that knew not the word fail, even when failure staled him in tin- face, he pushed forward and accomplished the desired end, and through him and by him tin- hand became an established factor in the musical world. Ill the -piillg of 1841 theV visited Massachusetts and gavi their first concert as a quartette in Lynn, Jesse. Judson, Asa and John being the members, the need of more culture and realizing the necessity of gaining public opinion in their favor before they could make their com (its remunerative, John sought the advice of Professor Webb, of Boston, who said. "Please yourselves and you will please the public." To earn the money required by them, these brave boys sought and found employment in mercan- tile houses, and their bodily wants in this manner being provided for, they attended to the cultivation of their musical powers. In the fall they were in readiness for another trial, and advertised and gave a concert in the village of Wilton. X. H., which netted &X cents. Failure and discouragement was depicted upon the countenances of the three brothers, but John inspired them with hope and to "try again." They visited New Ipswich, Peterborough and Han- cock, and at the end of the week, after all expenses were paid, there was thirty-seven cents in the ex- chequer. This was disheartening, and John prom- ised if another week did not prove more remunera- tive, he would "comply with their desire and retire." Their next week's concerts were given in another section of old Eillsborough County. As the result oi live they cleared twelve dollars. This was their first step on the round of the ladder on which, in a brief space of time, they mounted to the hill of lame. During the twelve years that followed they gained glial favor with the public and were very successful financially, and the name of Hutchinson, carried by the sweet singers from "the mountains of the old granite Stale." became a household word. In the autumn of L845, John, with Jesse, Judson, Asa and Abby, visited the mother-country to touch the hearts of Old England with their sweet melody. Success crowned their efforts, and the heart of Great Britain did heat and throb in time with their rhythm U1S ' Iv^^UH^u^-. MILFORD. 583 and sentiment. During this tour they won the ad- miration and warm friendship of many distinguished people; were received with tokens of honor by the nobility and crowned heads; enjoyed the confidence of Mary Howitt, Douglas Jerrold, Harriet Martineau, Richard Cobden, John Bright and oilier eminent re- formers, ami completely !.-■ iihjiiitl'<1 English coldness and insular apathy. Their course was a continual triumph. With sweetest melody rang out their en- couraging words of "A <; 1 rime Coming, Boys," and a fortune- awaited them if they would remain even one year in England. Seven thousand gathered in one place to hear their songs, cheering with enthusi- asm the glorious sentiment, " War and Slaverj shall be the Monster of Iniquity," etc. The " Tribe of Jesse" had won a musical success never equaled. On their return there was no cessation in their work as exponents of the Abolition movement, which duty had called them home. They started on a campaign. singing in various cities. What an ovation they re- ceived! Their burning desire to see the curse of slavery blotted out from this fair land of freedom gave a power to their rendition which carried con- viction and fire, eliciting warmest sympathy and approval and also bitter wrath and denunciation. In Musical fund Hall, Philadelphia, a crowded audience gave them a warm welcome. "The Good Timi I om .: for Emancipation" and other songs of burning eloquence created such indignation that the mayor, who was under pro-slat ery influence, ordered the trustees of the hall to refuse its use to unless policemen were stationed to prevent their utterances of freedom. Refusing to win the wealth they might have acquired by sacrificing their principles, they returned to their old home in the ( >ld Granite State. The Hutchinson family was now fully identified as a leading force in the gigantic revolutionary move- ments of the day. Tor years they labored with the great apostles of reform, Garrison, Rogers, Phillips, etc. Ten \ ears w itue-sed o ■ ■• -truggles, many and diverse changes, which, though hard to bear, were rich in results. Washington, Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati and many other places heard their voices, gave their meed of praise to the talent shown and cheered the anti-slavery sentiments ol their song*. During this time Jesse formed a com- pany of singers and made a tour of the Pacific coast, and on his return, in 1853, died ai I lincinnati. John, at the request of his living brother, moved to Lynn and took possesion of that unique and pleasant estate. High Rock, leaving his native town, around which clustered so many sweet associations of youth and early manh 1. While campaigning in the West, in 1855, John and his two brothers founded tie town of Hutchinson, Minn., erected mills, improved acre upon acre oi the rich virgin soil and were the forerunners of a vast tide of emigration. John cut the first tree, began the cabin used in the pre-emption of the town site and was one Of the most active in building up the place. In 1857 he gathered around him his little flock, which had matured during his absence and were possessors id' the family talent, and organized the " Tribe of John." Ilenn and Viola won laurels as they joined with their parents in hundreds of success- ful ci n-. The '■ Tribe of John " never forgot that they had a mission. They continued to press home to the hearts of the people "Oh! Liberate the Bond- man. ' for two years Mr. Hutchinson traveled with his family through New England with horse and carriage, rejoicing the hearts of the faithful. There was no more devoted or effective worker for the election of Abraham Lincoln than Mr. Hutchin- son. He had the pleasure of singing to him v. hen. a- President-elect, he passed through New York, and was present at his inauguration. When war came Mr. Hutchinson was at the post of duty. He visited the recruiting-stations, and. by speech and SOUg, eii- and inspired both officer and private-. After the terrible repulse of the Union troops at Bull Run, Mr. Hutchinson, with his son and daughter, visited Washington, and, after a series of concerts, was in- vited i o 'jo to Virginia and sing to the troops. ( il Gain- ing an appointment from Secretarj Cameron, he entered at once upon this service. At the first con- cert, at Fairfax Seminary, their allusions to slavery were received with hisses, and a turbulent see en- sued. The offensive words were in the newly-written poem of Whittier, which Mr. Hutchinson had wedded to music as inspiring, — " What gives Hi- nli-.i! 'i. I I 1 Lie. ■• What [mints Iti. r.l,, What sets the warring rebel heel With the word "shivery " came a hiss. I in command declared this act an insult alike to the singers and the "old Sag," and if the hiss was re- peated tin disturber should leave the church. A young surgeon from New Jersi ; " You had better commenci ae." The major re- plied, " I can put you out m\ self, and if I fail, I have a regiment that can and will." Thereupon the two thousand -oh In r- arose < n muss,', and (he shout "Put him out! put him out!" was heard in all directions. ci v, as soon quieted, and t he concert pro- ceeded to the close without further interruption. The affair was brought to the notice of Genera Ian. An order was issued expelling the "Hutch- inson Family" from the lines. .Air. Hutchinson did not silently submit to this act of arbitrary tyranny, and appealed to the President. Salmon P. Chase read the "obnoxious" songal the next Cab- inet meeting. The President said, "It is just the charactei oi song I desire the soldiers to hear." ami re-instated Mr. Hutchinson. The Hutchinsons 53-1 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. were also active in temperance. From 1841, when they sang "King Alcohol in Old Deacon Giles' Distillery " in Salem, one or more temperance songs have been included in their programme. At the close of the war Mr. Hutchinson secured Cooper In- stitute, in New York, and, associating with him sev- eral notable workers, inaugurated a series of very popular " Sunday Evening Union Temperance Meet- ings." These were continued for several years, and effected a revival of the temperance cause. Mr. Hutchinson's services were sought by the State or- ganizations, and he conducted fully a thousand tem- perance conventions under their auspices. He char- tered three large connected parlors in Union Square, .New York ( 'ity, and, Sunday afternoons ami evenings, conducted popular services, and established two active ami useful organizations, the Manhattan Society and the American Temperance Union, which, even uow, are powersforg 1 in this held. He also inaugurated the temperance camp-meetings that for tea years have proved so successful at Martha's Vineyard. He took part in the Sunday temperance meetings held in Tremont Temple, Boston, where his quartette sang with great effect, till the death of his son, Henry, who sang bass. Mr. Hutchinson is decidedly in harmony with the Prohibition party. In 1884 he unfurled a large American (lag, winch bore the names of "St. John and Daniels," to the breeze, from the staff at "Old High Rock," and did good service in the cam- paign, and, in connection with the Reform Club of Lynn, he held Sunday temperance meetings, and both by speech and song, from LS.">2. he ha- advocated woman suffrage. In that year he attended the Na- tional Convention at Ravenna, Ohio, and created gnat enthusiasm by his song, " Right over Wrong, or the Good Time Come." Believing with all the in- tensity of his nature in the justice of the cause, he has lifted up his voice everywhere in favor of the emanci- pation of women. His ''suffrage concerts" wire a part of the organized forces that made Kansas their successful battle-ground. His associates were Mrs. Stanton, Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony. Mr. Hutchinson married, February 21, 1843, Fannie IS. Patch, of Lowell, Mass. They have had three children, — Henry . I. (deceased). He sang fortwentj years with his father, was a vocalist of the highest order, and left a widow and two sons, all possessing great musical powers. Mrs. Lillie Phillips Hutchin- son, wife of Henry, a lady of rare culture, a teacher of piano, organ and the voice and eminent as an in- structor, resides at High Rock with Mr. Hutchinson. As a reader no one excels her. She has positions in two churches, and her powers as a ballad-singer keep her constantly engaged in her profession. Viola, another musical prodigy, married Lewis A., son of .lodge William Campbell, who for fifteen years was a judge of the Supreme Court in New York City. She has three children, and resides in Santa Fe. Judson Whitticr resides with his parents. Mr. Hutchinson has a wife who has been a constant aid to his genius. Her high culture and delicate appreciation of melodj . with her practical common sense, have been of great value to the husband whose home she has adorned. Mr. Hutchinson is apparently in his prime. The clear tones of his voice are just as full and sonorous as when he accompanied the song-birds in his youth, or tuned it to the tempe-t or the thunder in the "Old, ( >ld Home," conquered applause from the consen atism of England or held audiences enraptured by its in- tonations of freedom in the stirring days of the past. Devoting his life to the amelioration of humanity, he has dealt strong blows in cause- which have made the world purer and better. His forty-four years of public life and eleven thousand concerts given, are evidences of a glorious and well-deserved success. Perhaps no person of the presenf generation has accomplished more good, is held to day m higher esteem or can attract larger or more enthusiastic audiences than the veteran John \V. Hutchinson. A history of the Hutchinson family, with full incidents and historical events of great value, and which will be of deep in- terest to every family in the land, is now in prepara- tion by Mr. Hutchinson, who has devoted the spare time of many years to properly chronicle the purposes, struggles and achievements of this truly remarkable family. HISTORY OF NEW BOSTON. BY -NIEI. McLANE. CHAPTER I. NEW BOSTON. GRANTEES AND GKANT. " In L735, John Simpson, John Cannes, James Hal- sey, John Tyler, John Steel, Daniel Goffe, Charles Coffin, Ebenezer Bridge, Daniel Pecker, William Lee, Henry Howell, Job Lewis, Thomas Bulfineh, John Indicott, John Erving, James Day, Andrew Lane, Byticld Lyde, John Hills, John Spooner, John Read, Samuel Tyler, John Boydell, John Unmans, John Williams, Jr., Joshua Henshaw, Jr., Benjamin Clark, Jacob Hurd, James Townsend, William Salter, Thomas Downs, Zachariah Johonett, Daniel Loring, John Crocker, William Spcakman, Thomas Greene, Gilbert Warner, John Larab.ee, John Green, Rufus Greene, Thomas Foster, John Arbuthnott, James Gould, Joseph Greene, Isaac Walker, Robert Jenkins. Benjamin Bagnald, Richard Chcckly, John Mave- ricke, Joshua Thomas and Thomas Hancock became petitioners to the Great and General Court or As- sembly of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England, for a grant of six miles square for a township." In looking over the records, wo do not find any reason why they should claim this grant ; i, either have we the petition, but must go wholly upon supposition. The most probable and reasonable is. that, on the coast of Massachusetts it was so thickly settled there must be some opening or avenue for the young men. These grantees were all Bostonians, and men of wealth ami title; hence it would not seem that it was for themselves or descendants, but to improve the new lands and encourage settlement. Another author writes that it was to pay descendants of soldiers in the Indian wars: Massachusetts' treasury becoming impoverished by these expeditions, bills of credit depreciated and s t became nearly worthless, and these soldiers laid claim for further remuneration. Hence the grant of New Boston was given. upon W ednesday, the J Or ol «aj 17 15, 1 tinued i.\ si feral ad- j"Ullinients U, \\ eilm-slav. (he lath ,.| N"\r!ii|n-] fnllnwin-. " Iii tin' House ..r K< 1 itativi D& mbei . 17 : .. m .1 a v.. 1 1.. il,< petitiuh <>i .luhn Sidij is. 01 ami ..tilers, — " V'lnl. th.it lli.. prayer i.f the Ivtithni he -oauteil, .111. 1 that I. .-ether v. itii -Hi li 1— liall In- JMiii. .1 i . v 111. Il.m.rnhle lti.ar.1, In- a Oi.rninittee III tin- charge of the Petitioners to 1.0 out a Tow nship of On' contents ol ox mil. ■ square at thi plai e petition! il for, oi ■ »,. itl 1 - suitable place ami thai thej return a platl thereoi to this Court ifithin twelve months t'H 11 ill In mar Inn. ami lnr tin- Mli.Ir etleetiia] lit I ll_ I II - tnl Ma iiu.-iit ui the said new Town. ih.it tin- said Town be laid out into sixty-three equal which tobeforthe first settled minister, one for the min- istry ah. I i.n<- f-T tin- -1 I Is. an. I that i.ti each uf tie ,.th.-r sixtVJ shares tie- pel tiers do, within tl yetne fn.ni the lirmati. 1 lli.-platt, have settled uhe " 1 fauiil> . u le. shall Inc. e a le.lis,- I. mil uli hi. hous?- hit ut eighteen h,t square, aiel sen feet stud at the least, and hnislied ; that each tiiilit to- ei ai it ha\e six .,, tes of land brought to and ploughed, • ■1- hiniieht tn English :i ■■ lle_' , Ihi' tie \ -. (tie a lear 1 and Ol lli...l..\ niillistei , and I -a lid ale! Imisli II o. liven i.-nl Meet- e,eh, - f.litll- theti hi. ,.i then o-ht. -h.ii.- ..t interest in said Town I vert to and l.e.c the ill.s(..isili..ii .1 lh- )'i..\ in. . , and lh.it lie -aid I '. an nut lee he and hereby are impowered t.> sue ou! the Bonds and recovei the posses- s I lie- t..rleit.-.l la.lt- (if any hei at tin- expiration of the three years, and to grant them ovei toothei persons that will complx with the condi- tions witl in year next after the said grant ; and tin- Bonds 1" in* made ami L'iveli In the -aid I i .tiim itlei ami their sini ess.ns in t lie said i:. ...I and - oni ■ Consented to. In the House of Repr it was, — "Ordered., That Captain \\ illi with bui h ae si ■ take a platt of the within towi brought forward to all intents a of the Oranl ■' Read ami concurred, ami Wi ■Ati in cop* examined by "J. I.tci N i •■ In I'liiiinal, .January 11, 17:;."'. ''.I. Wii.iAiiii, Secretary. "Til Mi. Mason, tlep. Sec'lJ." ■seiitatives. Januar. 111. 1 '■'■■ January 16,17 i- joined in tl ■ I'u \n VI \- i- ' Tn mi. M.v- 1 ii history of inu.si: I. .in.l, witli an iillowam a ol nim thousand a, in -aid Platt, was presented foi al- lowance, " 11. ml ami orileivil that \" iil.itl In- allowei], ami y Laml therein ile- limat.-i! ami .1 ■ \ are Cnnlniimil t.. iln a Grantees mentioned in sain petition, passed y« last InlfVal ; pro. \i, la, 1 the [ilatt r\. nils nut th. ,|m,ntnyi.l -i\ miles square, and one of Land, an allowance for Ponds within II" Tract, an. I lines tint illt.Ttrl. Willi alivallel .]' 1 , I it.-l Olalll. | ,| . . \'i< ha 1 ,| 1 -i , [| i a Petitioners, their Heirs .a a.— i-tn-s, I amply with _\ ■ i ntiditiuns of the ' Consented to. ■■In ('.linn ii, Mai, h _-n, 17.;:. "Sim. a. I ".I I Later on we find an additional act. Mr. John Simpson was authorized to rail the first meeting. 'flu' proprietors now felt the way was open lor ac- tion, and accordingly a meeting was held April 21, 17".ii. at the house of Mr. Luke Vardy, in Boston. One of the first acts was a vote instructing their com- mittee Daniel Pecker, Andrew Lam-, John Hill, John Indicott and James Halsey, to build a saw-mill on some convenient stream for the use of the proprietors in -aid township. in ihe surveyor's report appears the name 01 Zacheus Lovewell as one of the chainmen. This Zacheus Lovewell lived in the part of Nashua that was then called Dunstable. He is said to have attained the greatest age of any man that ever lived in New Hampshire. Masonian Heirs and New Addition.— In 1620 James I., King of England, formed a council com- posed of titled men and gentlemen to the number of forty. They were known by the name of " The ( oun- eil, established at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, lor the planting, ruling ami governing of New Eng- land in America." Two of the most prominent members welt' Captain John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges. The land tinder their control extended from the fortieth 1" the forty-eighth degree of northern latitude. The proprietors " procured a further grant oJ all the land from the river Natimkeag l now Salem), round Cape Ann, to the river Merrimack, and up each of these rivers to the farthest head thereof, then to cross from the head of one to the other." The following year another grant was made to Gorges and .Mason. jointly, of all the lands between the rivers Merrimack and Sagadehock, extending back to the great lakes and rivers of Canada, which tract was called Laconia. In i'.."i , i 'apiain Mason procured a new charter for the land " from the middle of Piscataqua Liver, to- gether with all islands within five leagues of the coast." This land was called New Hampshire, which soon came under the care and government of Massa- chusetts. After much legal controversy in regard to these claim-, il » as resisted until John Tufton .Mason con- veyed, in 1746, his right and title to land- in New Hampshire, lor the sum of fifteen hundred pounds currency, to Theodore Atkinson, M. H. Wentworth and thirteen others. When the Mason heirs learned that these men were in power, and only with the greatest difficulty could they resist the claim, they were amused and great consternation followed. It appears from the follow- ing resolution, pas.-ed by the Masonian pro] the year 1751, that the above-named gentlemen were dispo-ed to lie reasonable : " Voted, The Question he put w nether this I'lnpriety w..nl,l I'hnase a committee to make application n a .n's claim to know upon what condition ih.a will grant us their righ . I. .I.n II ill, II.. I- .a, hay, I- t-.| , .iinl .lain.- 1 la l.-e\ , the a. empowered to settle with them on the best terms they can, if they think proper, ami they he ilesirnl ta ntlei this 1 1 ,h' h , a.nti l'i,,| i i, - |,,r tn- their approbation." Aas passed, and the proprietors authorized the committee to purchase of John Blan chard, as agent of the Mason heirs, all right, title and interest in said proprietary. NEW BOSTON. This extension was ever after known as the " New Addition," and continued to be till .Tun-' 8, L772, when Francestown was incorporated. " Phoi ince of New Hahpshibe. "Pursuant to the power and authority grunted and vested in in*' by the pro] iM-i.-is of land pun ha-ed *>f -■ • «1 j i ■ Tutton Mason, V,-\ , in the I-I..M!, 1 N-w Hampshire, by their vote, passed at tbeii u)i eting held at IVrt.-i itli. mi sii'l l'i..Yiii.v, the t- Qtfa day "i June, 1752. " I .]... by ili. — - I'r.s.-nt.s, on the pressed, gPe and -rant .ill t » j ■ right proprietors aforesaid unto Jul. 1.»-«i Bullfinch, Robert Jenkins, John 9 Tyloy'e heirs, James Townsend's b II ... I P \.|, |>:ilili-l l'e. u.-i. w ll conditions hereafte person inhabiting there on each settlement, itii.l (m t there [mi- tit IV*' y.lls til. '11 Next. .Ihi \\ it 111 II til. 1 1 I. Tin more each for mov ".. oi tillaj e a al "That tin grantees build a niectillg-hOUSi then d by this 1 1 - iii of Pay, Jam— « -ill^- H. '•■ : « ■ Wilson, Jonath. i Willful M.< ., lister, Edward Duxant'fi Knhi- Civi'tl, .lain. ■- llaPey, Pan Hunter, Thomas Wilson, of, in si ailed v w Boston, in the Provin mug at a heeehtlec ll.- -..nil, .-i i- i ,-. , 1-- .|,i Hi- :■> .- u«i tli l.\ t lu- ll. edlc. two li-i th- M northeast cornet of .-.ud tr.u t , and from th-n. .* «*•.-! b\ the needle two degree- t.> tin- sniiiliwaid; an-l fmin the firsl i nde mentioned, the Miuthi*;uit ...rmi ai-.iii-.il. 1, \\.'?t l.y the needli two degrees Bouthward, si\ miles, or until it meet with Salem-Canada line (so called), and turn- ing and running north by the needle two d-unes «■. -twanl. t«.. nu|.-> or until it come to the n«- -t t > - ■ t id- .i-t-i P • <>i m-i of Salem-Canada township, as formerly laid .ait : then tm run- .in.l running «c-t. a- afore- N ,i.|. tu, .|. _..■-- -itM. ily -• tar . ar.d - \t-n-iu,_ lli r >■ t . I i i ■ pi.niiM- likewise u— tu.ud. until a 1 i Ti ■ - parallel with the .-a-l line will include the contents uf .-even miles lung and si.x mile- l>i .ad. a- .it--n- -.in I 'i'n have .in.l tn Imbl I" tlein. their heir- and a--igN-. !"!■ \-T. • \- . eptll.g .i- at" ii.'.sii.l. ..ii Id-- following t.'t in-, i ..ni lit I.. 1 1- and limitations (that is to sayi that us tli- -iv.it. -t part of the tract aforesaid has here- tofore h.'en diwd.-d into -i \ty-thn - -!... u - -i -u. m.-i : .]. . td.it tin -re b, tli. viz., The twenty-eight, five, tw< oty-nine, eighteen and ten, with the several lots annexed t.. the same, . ( - in tin- -ch. dub d.-i-alu-t ; al-.. -.. mueh ..t the common land, m 1 illidivid.-d, t.. he laid .ait in that part ■■[' tin- .-.ud lia. t, in -ar tin- great i.|.-.n|..u- as -hall de .-pi.il !.. .-n. dial! pal I -I .1 -I. >i- . i- -r \e.| .i- it- 1. -.ml, win. d dalt share is appropriated to Jo-.pti Plan, lend, Jr.. with tin- sum- [ « I - ■ | »■ > 1 1 i-ai -1 tin- <\,mnion laud, each in tint I part fur merly within the hounds called N--w l!.»t..u. .-m lusiv.- ami excepting live hundred achs hen-dy -laut-d and :ippr--J-i i.ih-l t ■ » T i dr hy them .lisp... -,rd -d fur eneuiira^eineut f'nr building and supporting mills in said township ; also, reserving unto the grantors, their heirs and assigns, after the five huudred acres aforesaid is laid out and completed in id.' .'MiLinjMii ..rn:-f..t;rth part t..i .pi;uitil\ and .piality .d'the lmids by ihi- -rant a. Idi-.l within tli.- 1 mis.. I l h.-.t . al l.-d \.-\\ Pi..-t.m, ;i- t"..i- merly laid out. the said grantors 1 pari to be divided, lotted and coupled t. . -.-tin i, .in.l di.iun l..i «il!i tin- -i';uil. ■--. i <1 i n- t< . the liumlier of ; -.. as t'.ir i In- ■_■ i ,-i n i , is t- hav ..lie lull .|ii;iM.-c |i:ul a- atu!-(-;iid : ■ni'l -A..II, t«. )„■ linishril within twelve niontl^ from this d:M.', at tin' ' Inn -•■ ■ d' t In- -i a nte-- ■ -n I \ . A Is... tl iat the grantors 1 right in three of tin- shares laid out as at.ire-iiid I..- and d.'< and appn.priat.-d. fiv.- ..f all ehar.L'e, uin- l-.r Ihelirst setth-d minister, onefoi the ministry and one for the -. lm..l then.' f..tvv.-r, a- Mn-\ are set down in the schedule hereaftei . "That the aforesaid reset i^ationa for thi jrantora and as wi u fot Jo seph Blanchard Jr., be free from all .lull.-, .dar-.-s. i.. whatsoever, until improved by the owner or owners, oi soirn b. khnf under them. "That all the lota in aaid township be subject to ha^ roadsor highways laid through them, as tln-iv shall bene, , --.,,, v ,„ . ,,-.,,,, |..t. tn-.- fr. .in .ill .li.u-.' ..f pun basing tin- mimc, '• That the L r rant.-e>, >>n tln-lr parts, !.-■ furty-five settlements in said township in the following manner, viz. : Kaeb to have .i h one room, at least sixteen feet s.|iiare, fitt.-d and hnished for be nil.iw-.l l'..i tie- n->pecti\e dutt-s, matt.-rs and thin a if* i said, aftet such impedimenl -1 all be re red To all ,,f wbii b pn-uM-.es .h.s.-].h Pi. ni. bard, a-.'iit h-i and in behalf of the said .-1,1 Tit.. I- ell the ,,|ir | 1 it, alld the gralltees OU th • "lllel pn! unto int.r. hangeablj set their hands and seals this twenty-fourth da} uf December, 1752. ;■ -,■: qi .1 :. .el sealed, Bi i i With this deed was a schedule of i ginning at the northwest corner ni' the m lots. Be- town, thence westerly, in the same degree as the north line, about two and one-half miles; thence southerly, parallel with the west line oi town, aboul four miles: thence easterly t<> the west Hue of the former grant. It was surveyed and laid out into fifty-one Lots by Matthew Patten, of Bedford, reserving for the grantors four 588 HLSTOill- OF IIIPLSBOKOIJGH CUINTY, NKW HAMPSHIRE. hundred and thirty acres in the northeast corner and tour hundred acres in the southwest corner of said grant, and three hundred acres near the centre of said tract, as a [.resent to Colonel Joseph Blanchard, the agent of the grantors, and as surveyed, included the soap stone quarries. Incorporation. — New Boston was incorporated by the government of New Hampshire February 18, 1763. The charter was granted by Benning Went- worth, Esq., Governor and eoniuiander-in-ehief of the province of New Hampshire, and attested by- Theodore Atkinson, Jr., secretary. By petition of the citizens, John Goffe was directed to call the first town-meeting, which meeting was required to be held within twenty days alter date of charter; time and place of meeting to be given in the notice. They were instructed by the charter thai after the first election "the annual meeting of said town for choice of officers, and the management of it~ affairs, should lie held within said town on the first Monday of March in each year." Colonel Goffe being authorized to call a meeting, immediately proceeded to perform his duties. The oli;. cts of the meeting were specified in the call, — ' 1st i'.. . Ii .ill ill. u ruw ii .ill. .-is lor the y.-ai .-ii-m i u ■, .is th.. law illle. I-. J.I. T.j see uh.it money tilt' t..ivii will laise t.> ilefiay the toun, lii.I ... t ir mea. hiii^ tor the year ensuing." In accordance with the notice, the first meeting was held March 10, 1763, at the house of Deacon Thomas Cochran. This place is now owned and occupied by the great-great-grandson of Deacon Thomas Cochran, one of our most respected townsmen, Thomas R. Cochran. Record of the meeting i, as follows: M...1. lat.'I, I'll. .lil.is Voted, Alexander " Voted, Thomas W il , Constable. " Vute'l, Matthew Caldwell, .loh ii Smith, Jam.- w a-, .n, <;. ..i-. . ii-i. , Thomas Blown, Surveyor- ..I Highways. Ihraham Co. hran, Samuel Sickles, Tithin.i " Voted, William Gray, John Ruins, 11. _- I; " Voted, John Carson, James Hunter, Deer-Keepers. " Voted, John Cochran, I .....i. . ... . .1 Isseg&ments. ... a j.oiiml shall I... I. uili l.v tli.. corn-mill, and tliat Deacon rii - .... Iii. 111 -lull I.. [. .mil-master. ■' Vuted, Matthew Caldwell, James Will Early Settlers.— The first settlement wa Thomas Smith, of Chester, in the northeast part of the town, on what is mm known as " The Plain," wdiere he built a cabin, cleared a small piece of hind by girdling the trees anil burning the ground. fine day, after planting, he discovered tracts, evi- dently made by a moccasined foot, and knowing Indians were still lurking in the vicinity, ami were watching an opportunity to either take his scalp or carry him prisoner to Canada, he sauntered back to his cabin with. .in manifesting any alarm, secured his gun and axe, ami thinking Indians were in ambush in a direct route, In- proceeded in a northerly direction to the north branch of the Piscataquog, thence up said river some distance before he ventured to take an easterly course, eventually reaching home in safety. Ami the sequel shows he was right in his conjec- tures in regard to the place where the Indians were secreted, lor that night they made prisoner of and carried to Canada a man by the name of Worthley, who had a cabin near what is known as Parker's Mali. Ml. ( roffstown. How soon he returned is not now positively known, but probably in season to harvest his corn, his family coming with him. He cleared a farm and built a frame house, which is now standing, the oldest in town. It appears, in a few years, that he obtained, by purchase or settlement, a large tract of land in the northwest part of the town, near the Great Meadow, now owned and occupied by George \V. Sanders. This land remained in the possession of Smith's de- scendants until within a few years. The next earliest settlers were Thomas Cochran. Thomas Wilson, James Huuter and James Caldwell in the east part of the town ; William Blair and John Blair in the north; John McAllister in the south; and George Crist y in the west. Between the years 1742 and 1748 the settlers were all emigrants from Scotch-Irish colonies that first settled in Londonderry, X. H., in the year 1719, excepting John McAllister, who came from Scotland. The Scotch-Irish settlers were a new element in the population of New England, differing materially in their customs, manners anil inside life from the English colonists of New Hampshire, but were not to be classed with the Catholic Irish. On the death of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudors, James the Sixth, of Scotland, became King of Great Britain, under the title of James the First. The Catholic population of Ireland rebelled against him, but he effectually crushed them in a short time, and then he proceeded to confiscate the estates of the re- bellious chiefs, more particularly those of the O'Donnells and O'Neils in the north of Ireland, granting the lands to his Scotch and English subjects to settle on as crown tenants, tit a nominal rent. This stimulated a large emigration from Argyleshire, Scotland, many of whom settled on the river Hon, or became citizens of Londonderry. Without doubt the English would avail themselves of the same privilege, and when they met those common interest in the same religion, they would naturally unite and intermarry, and in two or three generations they would form an admixture of the two nationalities, as is evident from the names of the first settlers in Londonderry, N. H. In this blending of the Scotch Highlanders with the Sax. m and Norman there was no intermingling NEW BOSTON. 589 of the native Catholic Irish bl 1, for the most bitter hatred existed on the part of the latter toward the former, as intruders who had usurped their rights, ami taken possession of the fairest portions of their country, and were heretics in religion; the former, as conquerors looked down on the latter as an inferior race, who, as Catholics, had no rights which they were bound to respect, and both parties in after-years gave vent to their implacable animosity in the con- flicts at the siege of Kerry and battle of Boyne. This same enmity continues at the present day between the Orangemen, Protestants and the native Lrish Catholics. Other emigrants followed from Londonderry as the (Harks, Crombies, McColloms, McCurdys and others j but the settlement appears to have progressed slowly until about the year 1760. A census taken by the proprietors from September 20th to the 24th of the year 1756 reported "twenty-six men, eleven women, nine boys and thirteen girls," making a population of fifty-nine persons in all. The same committee re- ported "thirty houses, one dam and one saw and grist- mill, four frames and lour camps, one house cut down, with one hundred and forty acres of improved land." Previous to this date they suffered all the hardships and privations necessarily attendant upon a new settlement, living in log houses a long distance from neighbors, with no roads except a bridle-path through the forests, guided by marked or spotted tin-, with the underbrush cut away, so that a horse might pass in summer, but in winter the usual mode of traveling vas or snow-shoes. Tradition says that the snow tell to a greater depth in the dense forest than at the present time. Any utensil, implement or artiele of household furniture that they could not manufacture had to be brought from the older settlements on the roast, and until they cleared and brought a sufficient amount of land to keep sheep and raise flax, every article of clothing — in fact, every artiele of textile fabric — was carried from one place to the other on the shoulders of the men. .Salt, an article indispensable to civilized people ; had to lie transported from Londonderry, a distance of from twenty to twenty-five miles, in the same way. It is related of an early settler that he went to one of the older towns to purchase some necessary articles, which made quite a package in weight and bulk, and also a bushel of small grain tor seed, either of which would make a load for a man ; he started with one, and carried that some two or three miles, and then returned for the other, and in that way managed to convey both to his home. So far as animal food was concerned, it was pro- cured from the forests. The deer remained in limited numbers, and bears were numerous, and as every man owned a gun, they could procure a supply of meat, particularly of the latter, although not as palatable as the deer. Another source from which to vary their diet was fish, with which the streams and ponds abounded to the degree that in the spring, when the suckers left the ponds for the brooks, in the spawning season^ they could throw them out with shovels. The clearing of the forest required long and per- sistent labor. First came the felling or lopping of the trees, as it was termed. Usually one of two methods were adopted, — cither to cut down the- trees separately and level the branches, or to (tit a large number on one side, so that they would fall in the same direction, and as they fell, one would strike another and so on, carrying the whole down. The next step after the leaves were dried was to burn it over, and then came the most laborious part of clearing the land, — first, the trunks of the trees must he severed, which was done b\ cutting or burning (the latter was termed >i i ■ in //'), then rolling the logs in piles and burning. After the seed was sown, it was raked or hoed over to cover it. In some instances, after burning over, they did not want to clear off the wood, SO planted corn between the logs. The rearing of domestic animals was attended with considerable trouble and anxiety. To protect them from the wolves and bears, every night they were put in a secure pen built of logs, so high that a wolf could not easily get over ; but in one instance a wolf had made his way in, ami was found and dispatched in the morning. Bears were voracious and troublesome in the spring, and would attack and kill cattle. An early settler in the northwest part of the town had a cow killed by them. He caused traps to be set near the carcase, one a log, the other a spring-trap, and a bear was caught in each. The d epic, hit ions oil hese same animals in the corn- fields was a source of great annoyance. Put with all their privations, hardships and self-denials, the settlers had their pastime and amusements, such as wool- breaking-, log-rolling and raisings. Socially and pecuniarily, they were on an equality, and a friendly feeling pervaded the community. Churches. — At a meeting of the proprietors, held in Boston December !>, 17:58, it was voted to settle an orthodox minister, also to build a meeting-house of the following dimensions : thirty feet wide, forty-five long and twenty feet stud. The committee was authorized and empowered to agree with some person or persons to build said house as soon as they could, provided they did leu exceed the -inn of six hundred pounds; that they have power to call upon each proprietor to defray expenses as often as they should think proper. This house was built on what is now known as "The Plain,'' nearly south across the highway from the residence of the late Samuel Davis. According to tradition, it was burned; but there- arc- various theories in regard to the cause. One is, that .-,9(1 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. one of the early settlers set it on Bre to procure the nails to build a house for himself. It is thought tin' insideof the house was never fin- ished, and it is not probable that meetings were ever held in it, yet there may have been an occasional preaching service during this period. In 1757 the settlers again expressed a desire for public worship. The proprietors informed them that "preaching could not begin until 1758." It appears by the records that, November 28, 1758, "the proprie- tors agreed to send a letter by John McAllister to Thomas Cochran to convene the settlers, and agree upon a site for the meeting-house and a suitable loca- tion for a public Burying-Place." Lot 79, on the northern slope of the hill, was selected as a desirable spot for the meeting-house. It also authorized said McAllister and said Coch- ran to sell one hundred acres of land, near Andrew Walker's, to defray expenses. August 30, 1759, the proprietors met five of the citizens of New Boston at Dunstable, ami then ami there agreed to send the sentiments of the meeting in writing to the committee, and this committee at some future time warn the people to meet and take decisive action in the matter. It seem- there had been several places selected on which to build, none ofwhieh were satisfactory to the settlers. The proprietors and resident proprietors met at Steinrod's, in Dunstable, and " Voted to build a meet- ing-house, near lot eighty-nine, fifty feet long, forty feel wide and twenty feet stud, hoarded and clap- boarded, and shingled with short shingles." " Yntnl to sell so much of tin' undivided land in the 'New Addition' as necessary to defray expenses.' " The Boston proprietors and settlers of New Boston agreed to refer the location to a committee composed of the following-named gentlemen: Matthew Patten, John Chamberlain, Samuel Patten. Below is given a report of the committee. • To /'.. Propri " Gentlemen : "Pursuant In tin \..ti ..ml . I . - 1 1 ■ ■ .it tin- iiirctiti- li.'li] il I Ml n -I .. 10- , in I . • . .- u , .,,,. I,,, the 14th of September, 1762, We, the subscribers, have attended tin- business tbereiti nn i .-.ml t> 1- 111: dee ■ ii- in 1 1 a propel place to build a meeting In >use in New lli.slini , we \ k-w.-il tin' [i1i.it hi- |i!iiiiis,i>. ln-i.i',1 tin' reasonings of the Prop] i' tot and inhabitants of said town I do report to tin- Baid Pro- i-ii. -I* it. it i. .-I rtt id el .I. tin- so lit h -il. i.l I'isi .it. i ',ii ... Kiwi, m. nth of a Red Oal mill l.-tt.-I ''. tii.it tti.. -r.l\ In .'liilil liUlii'il liirlr, i* tin- limst pi ..J.er place in spot to build meeting-house mi in town. a. Win- t n iu.lc- "Matthew Patten "Witness our hand, July 24, l . At a meeting held in Dunstable Septembei 28, ITtlo. it was voted to accept the report of (he cum- in it tec; th it- stin ie commit tec were authorized to engage some suitable person to build said house without de- lay. They were still further instructed to sell any unoccupied lands belonging to the proprietors for building meeting-house. James Balsey, John Hill. Robert Boyes and Thomas ( 'oe h ran were appointed standing committee of the pro- prietors. September 30, 1766, John Hill ami Robert Jenkins were appointed a committee to make a con- tract with .Mr. Ebenezer Heard for building the church. The proprietors becoming impatient at .Mr. Beard's delay in completing his contract, instructed I'hoinas Cochran and James Caldwell, provided Beard did not finish said house before July, 1767, to employ suitable workmen to finish the house. It seems there was a misunderstanding between Beard and the committee in regard to inside finish; but it was soon settled, as they voted. September 15, 1767, to give Beard one hundred acres of land in the " New Addition," since Beard complained that he had a hard bargain. The proprietors relinquished all right in the gallery to the citizens, providing they would assist in finishing said meeting-house. One half-pew on the lower floor was given to each original proprietor. The house was now left to tin- can' of the town. We cannot learn that there was any action taken in regard to the church till the year 1768. It was a large ami noble edifice for those days, be- ing titty feet long ami forty feet wide. There were three doors, the front and largest being towards the south. The high pulpit stood on the north side, with its mysterious sounding-hoard above. There were large square pews a roll ml the w al Is of the house, a broad aisle in the centre with pews on either side. 'flu' seats were hung with hinges, and as it was considered very irreverent to sit during prayer, these seats were raised to enable them to stand with e; tit the conclusion of the prayer the seats were dropped, causing a great disturbance. The singers' seats were located in the gallerj oppo- site the pulpit. There was no way of warming the church, and as the services were very long, the women found it necessary to take wdiat was called a foot-Stove. This was a small tin box set in a wooden frame; inside was placed a dish for coals. Not far distant from the church was a building called the session-house, where the deacons held business meetings. The church was not completed till 1786, though it hail been occupied for many years. In 17G7 the Rev. Solomon Moor began his labors here. He was horn in Newtown-Limavady, Ireland, 1736, was a graduate at the University of Glasgow in 1758, and was licensed to preach by the Londonderry Presbytery, Ireland, July 'id, 1762, ami ordained minister-at-large in 1766. He soou started for America, and arrived at Halifax October, 1766, an. I preached for the first time for the Rev. Mr. Moor- hi.tiil of Boston, Mass. The following Sabbath he preached for Rev. Mr. Davidson, in Londonderry, NEW BOSTON. N. H. In those 'lays the churches were so scattered, and many of the early settlers coming from London- derry^ was but natural that they should turn to their old pastor for advice and assistance in obtaining a minister. Probably through Mr. Davidson's influ- ence, Mr. Moor was induced to visit. New Boston and spend a lew months with them. Becoming acquainted, they seemed well adapted to each other, and August 25,1767,the people, with great harmony, gave him the following call : "We, the inhabitants,,! the town ..f New li.,st,m. a- -, n-d,le Ml tin- re- peated instances uf the gi«iJiH-BS of our kind lleiirl.e |,,r, |,ai ti. ■nl.ii l.v in yearn, are in, reused t,, a , ,,nsi,leral>lr n inn Her, ana rue ' kind influence, is in many places amon i I fording us a comfortable sustenance; we acknowled proprietors of our e-t.il-> in tie- -i-!a .too I. .a • ■ of his interest ; and 1" ing destitute oi a fixed pastor, and earnest inclinations to have one estol .li-h.-.i ai„,,n-.-t as, that we may have the gospel mysteries unlet, ha ami adiiia -administered aumii-.st ub, the appointed mean.- in God's house l,el„w, thai we ana our Beed maj be disciplined and trai I up for his house in glury above, As the kind providence of God in- opened sucha deer by, air, your ing amongst ns, we axe led cheerfullj to embrace the uappj op] inity, being-well .,-ui,.,l, reo-ona -n, l.j i M , plemal i red, imal-as t,. your ministerial abilities to preaeli the -,.s],el and likewise a- to jmiii ex,. miliary life, which gives force to wh.a i- preached, a- :il-.j the suitableness and a-leeal-leness ,.,! what yell [, lea, li t II ■ ,|, - e, , ,al liestly impler- ing direction from the Being that al an effectually dire, t us in su, I, ., weighty and soul-concerning matter, we, with lean- full ol well- guided affection, do, in the i Ileal t \ man mi no it,-. , all and entreat v,,,i, II,,- 1;, \ S,,!,,,,,,,,, yl.„ ,| [,, ,n,a, 1 tale tie III -"I ., |.a-l,a alneu-.-t solemn manner, promise you all dutiful respect, encouragement and obedience in the Lord ; further, as the laborer is worthy of la- hire and he that serves at the altar Bhould live In it, as we have nothing but what we have received, we are willing to improve part ol our portions in this life that we may be mad,- pal takers of tl \,i ia-in _ portii i, in the life to come, by the blessing oi God, under youi ministry, and foi your en iragemenl and temporal reward, we promise you yearlj forty pounds sterling per annum for the first, live years alter your instalment, and after that the addition of live pounds mere sterling. "August the 2oth, 1767, "Subscribed i>\ John Smith, Matthevi Caldwell, William Caldwell, Jesse Christy, II as Cochran, James Pel 8.1 lander McColl William Clark, James Cochran, William Gray, \ i - I in,, .lames Wilsou, .tames l'ii-tv, \|,\audei \\il-,,n, .lane- II . ' \l \- ander Graham, Sai 1 McAllister, 'lie. ma- McCollom, Ninian Clark, ;•.■!. In. in. I: in- ii -i rdy Fei ■ I i Blaii roun Coch- ran, Jr., Thomas Cochran, Jr., Uexandei Mool « liam HcNiel Jr., Thomas Quigely, William Kelsey, John Cochran, William Boyes, Paul Ferson, Jr., Thomas Wilson, William Blair, John McAllister, Ananias McAllister, Robert White, John Burns, Robert Livingston, Nathaniel Cochran, William Livingston, John Gordon." This call, given by individuals, was adopted and confirmed al a legal meeting held by the town. Mr. M ■ did not give a definite answer to this call until July 1, 1768. Tradition has it that Mr. Moor would not agree to settle here until he could gain the consent of a fair lady to share with him the privations and trials incident to a settlement in what was then called in Londonderry "The Woods." The ministry lots not being near the centre of the town, the town voted to exchange lot No. 61 for lot No. 53, which had been designed for a school lot, this being only about two miles from the meeting-house. The people, leeling anxious that Mr. Moor should remain with them, offered to help clear the land which was then a wilderness, and assist in the erec- tion of a suitable house. March 7, 1868,— " Voted, Thomas Cochran, James Fersou, Th us Quigelj Daniel VIi Milieu, William Clark, e mittee to treat with Rev. Solomon M i, .-.ii, I t,, III- .-, lllin- ill New I:,, -tell, and in ease tile said >I,„,r will ma -lay, tn (u. >\ i,le | ilea. Ill it- - ■ - J 1 1 - - . ■ i 1 1 ■ i u.,\ III- ],r lit yen." It would seem that there wasdoubt iii the minds of the people of Mr. M -'s acceptance of the call. He had been with them mails six months before it was given, and they thought the time had now come for a permanent supply. Mr. Moor was installed September 6, 1768. If is thought Rev. David McGregor preached the install- ing sermon, and Rev. William Davidson gave the charge to the pastor. It is not certainly known when the church was or- ganized. By some it is thought to have been flu same day of Mr. Moor's installation. There are other reasons to suppose it was formed at a much earlier dale, in the proprietor's records we find the names oi' Deacon Thomas Cochran and Deacon Archibald McMillen previous to Mr. Moor's installa- tion, while there is nothing to show Us that they had been deacons in anj other church. It would hardly seem reasonable that they, good Christian people, or that their pastors would allow twenty-eight years to pass without an organization. It is said these ministers watched carefully and tenderly over this Hock, and there are many instances recorded where they preached lor them gratuitously. The early records of the church were' imperfectly kept, so that it cannot be positively known when the church was formed, but probably many years pre- yioiis to Mr. Moor's installation. Mr. Moor commenced his labors in this place, then a wilderness, with a strong desire and purpose lor a great ingathering of souls. He was supported and aided in his work by the session, which, in the year 1768, was composed <>t' Mr. Moor, pastor; Thomas Cochran, .lanus Ferson, John Smith, Archibald McMillen, Jesse Cristy and Robert White, deacons. July Hi, 1770, Mr, Moor took unto himself a wife, the daughter of Rev. Mr. Davidson. The young couple started immediately for their new home on horseback, accompanied by many of Mrs. Moor's friends. < >n their way they were met by a delegation of their parishioners: enough of the friend.- were left at home to have all in order when they should arrive. The people were delighted to welcome this youth- ful bride of only twenty years, and so great was their joy ami love for her that she was borne in the arms of these Scotch women from her steed to her cham- ber, and in like manner to the reception-room, where -In- was greeted by men and women of all age-, each anxious to pay her homage. Thus i imenced the ministry of this great, and 592 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. good man. He was a friend to the poor, spoke words of comfort to the mourning, was charitable towards all ; in a tow words, he had all the requisites neces- sary for a true minister of the gospel. He lived among this people thirty-tour years, and was loved and respected by all. He died May 28, 1803, aged sixty-seven years. Mrs. Moor lived to the good old age of ninety-six years. The children ..I' Mr. Moor were Mary, Witter D., Frances, Ann, John ami Elizabeth. Mary married Samuel Cochran, of Londonderry. Witter died when young. Frances married Captain John Smith, of Goffstown ; she died May 7, 1807. Ann died unmarried November 23, 18.")! I, aged eighty- one. John married Mehitabel May, of Mont Ver- non. Elizabeth Cummings was married to James McCurdy, March, 1813, and lived in New Boston until her death. Mr. Moor was succeeded by Rev. E. P. Bradford, whose pastorate with Mr. Moor's till a spa< f eighty years. The children have not followed the example of their fathers, as will be seen. The next to follow Mr. Bradford was Rev. E. M. Kellogg. May •">, 1846, he received a call from the church, which was accepted, and he remained as pastor of this people until April, 1852. He is now- living in Manchester, N. II., having retired from his profession many years since on account of failing health. Rev. Alanson Rawson then supplied the pulpit for about two years, hut refused to be installed on the ground of impaired health. Rev. E. C. Cogswell began his labors October 30, 1855. Aside from a faithful and efficient ministry, Mr. I logswell will he long and gratefully remembered for his labors in compiling ami w riting the " History of \eu Boston." He was dismissed November I, 1865. Rev. I>. C. Frink was installed by the Londonderry Presbyter) November 25, 1866, and remained pastor of this church until his death, which occurred June •-'I, 1871. Rev. William ( !. Bessom was the next settled pastor. He was installed by the Londonderry Presbytery in 1872, and was dismissed in 1873. After the dismissal of .Mr. Bessom there was no settled minister until October 111, 1S7!), when Rev. Frank H. Allen was ordained and installed. He closed his labors in April, fs.sii. In 1S74, by a donation of two thousand dollars from George \V. McCollom, Esq., of New York, a neat and commodious chapel was built for the use of the Presbyterian Society. History of the Baptist Church.— From records which have been consulted, reaching back about nine- ty-five years, it appears that the Baptist Church in New Boston took its origin from one previously ex- isting in Amherst, and entirely distinct from the pres- ent church in Amherst. The Amherst Church was organized December 6, 1787, and consisted of persons residing in New Boston and in those parts of Amherst which were subsequently formed into Mont Vernon and Milford, few or none residing in what is now- called Amherst. In the course, however, of twelve years it had become so diminished in numbers as to afford little hope that the enterprise would be per- manently successful. In the mean time several persons in Nefl Boston had made a public profession of reli- gion, and united with the church in Weare. Rev. Mr. Elliott, of Mason, also baptized fourteen persons in the town on the 4th of t Ictohcr, 17!'!i, though at the time they united with no church. In view, therefore, of the number of Baptist professors that were resident in New Boston, it was mutually agreed, by members of the church both in Amherst and New Boston, at .-. meeting holden at John Whipple's, in New Boston, November 23, 1799, that the Amherst Church should in future be known by the name of "The First Cal- vinistie Baptist Church in Amherst and New Bos- ton." Whereupon those persons who had lately been baptized, and those who had joined at Weare, united with this church, whose number was also increased. during the year 1800, by the additition of nineteen others. In the year 1801, Rev. Josiah Stone commenced his labors with this church, and in this and the three succeeding years fourteen persons were added to its fellowship. In 1804 the church, by the advice of council, took the name of "The Calvinistic Baptist Church in New Boston." The same year the church agreed upon the erection of a meeting-house, which was completed the following year. This house was located in the westerly part of the town, three miles from the present place of worship. Its dimen- sions were forty by thirty-two feet, and one story high. During this year the church united with the War- ren Association, with which it retained its connection until the formation of the Boston Association, when it fell within the limits of that body. The same year, also, Rev. Josiah Stone was installed as permanent pastor of the church. From this time to 1816 the number received into the fellowship of the church was twenty. At the ex- piration of this period a case of discipline arose which resulted in the division of the church into two bodies, the on. being retained in the Boston Association, the other unit ing w ith the Salisbury. In June, 1N24, Rev. Mr. Stone resigned the pastoral care of the church, but remained in the place Until Ins decease, which occurred ill 1839. Rev. John Atwood, then a licentiate, commenced his labors with this people on the first Lord's day in June, 1824 He was ordained the 18th of May. 1825, and closed his pastoral relation the last Sabbath in January, 1836. During his ministry ninety-nine per- sons were added to the fellowship of the church. NKW LONDON. February 2:!, 1825, the two churches were dissolved by mutual consent, and the members, forty-six in number, reorganized into one body and united with the Salisbury Association. In 1826 a pleasant re- vival of religion took place, in which thirteen were added to the church. In 1828 the church was dis missed from the .Salisbury and united with the Mil- ford Association. A more central location for public worship being very desirable, in 1832 a meeting-house was erected in the Lower village, and was dedicated to the wor- ship of God on the 6th of February, 1833. In 1835 a precious revival of religion was enjoyed, during which fifty-three persons were added to the church. In February, 1836, Rev. A. T. Foss became pastor of the church, which relation he continued to hold during eight years, till January, 18-14. On the first Sabbath in February, 1845, Rev. David Gage commenced his ministerial labors with this peo- ple and continued with them ten years, duringwhich time sixty-four were added to the church. His pas- torate closed in March, 1855. November 1, 185."i, Rev. .1. N. Chase began his per- manent labors in the place, was recognized as pastor December 19, 185."), and dismissed May 1, 1859. Rev. Franklin Merriam succeeded him in the pas- toral office in May, 1859, and closed his labors with this church October 5, 1862. The pastorate was then filled by Rev. Thomas Clarkson Russell, who entered upon his labors with this church the first Sabbath in June, 1863, closing the same November, 1866. His ministry was a strong one ; the church enjoyed a revival and thirty-seven were added by profession. Rev. Samuel Woodbury succeeded, his pastorate extending to March, 1868. Rev. It. G. Farley was the next pastor, serving the church from July, 1868, to 1870. During his staj nine were received by baptism. He was followed by Rev. J. M. Coburn, whose pas- toral relations closed in August. 1871. In January, 1872, Rev. G W. Kinney succeeded to the pastorate, and remained with the church till Jan- uary, 1876. During his ministry many of the old members were called home, of whom (whose history was closely allied to the church), perhaps, particular mention should be made of Rev. John Atwood and Mrs. Hannah Whipple. Additions by baptism, seven. Rev. Francis K. Cleans followed him, his pastorate covering from January, 1.S78, to May, 1881. Additions by baptism, four. In October, 1881, Rev. E. < '. Whittemore com- meneedsupplying the church ; was ordained as pastor July 1, 1882, laboring as such till November, 1 884. It was a marked and successful era in the church's history, — a constant interest and twenty-six added by baptism. A valuable circulating library was procured, and extensive repairs and improvements were made on (lie church edifice. Mr. Whittemore removed to Au- burn, Me., and al the present writing the church is without a pastor. Total membership, one hundred and twenty-three, of whom ninety-nine are resident memlii i -. Graveyards. — The firs! account of the graveyard is found ill the proprietary record, in connection with the building of a meeting-house, and is as follow- : " To '"»>'» tli. -. ii!. i- i Hi. i mi. I n\ „i, ih.. most proper place, III nil.' ..!' III.' I. .Ml. ... . .il.llli- (,. I|m i,M linr, hlipilLHClI (0 I..' illinlll lut 7(1, to build u 1 titnt-lii.ui.i- : :iNo t" In on n -oiliil .1.- ,1 ing-ground neat i..-;u.l pin.-.-, n. -lull l.. i„,,-i .,.,,■, ; ,i,i, i„ M, -,.iu. . - The next, we find, is referred to in the report of a committee who were authorized by the proprietors and settlers to select a site on which to build the meeting-house, as follows : "Do report to said Proprietary ;t- l..ll..\v- licit U.t T'.' in tin- sin. ml division «..- the centre ..I said I the Bouth side of Piscata to be found in the town records, May 7, 1768, when a vote of the town was taken or a resolution passed to the following effect : that each man work one day on the stone- work in the graveyard. This was nearly six years after the report of the committee, and the " meeting- house was built and finished outside." Doubtless the wood was cut off at this time and the ground cleared for the yard. The stone-work referred t < . in the resolution would .iml removing stone within the inclosure of the premises t" make a stone wall. At a town-meeting held February 14, 1777, a reso- lution was passed requiring each man in town to work one day at the graveyard, with the privilege of expending the labor in that pint of the yard where individually interested. A period of nineteen years had now elapsed since the first interment. The first monumental record of HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. burial is that of Alexander McCollom, who died January 6, 1768, at the age of thirty-six years. He (Mine from Londonderry in 17o7, and settled on the farm owned by the late George Adams; was chosen town clerk whin the town was incorporated, in 1763, and held the office at the time of his death. The toll,, wing-named are the earliest burials of which there is any monumental record : Thomas Cochran, October 6, 1770; Mrs. Jane McNiel, April 2, 177li ; Captain James Cochran, April 21,1772; Nathaniel Aiken, June 8, 1772; Joseph Waugh, October 13, 1770; two children of John Cochran, May, 1775; Maurice Lynch, 1 7 7 '. » . [n all probability, few were erected in comparison with the whole number that died. There does not appear to have been any addition or improvement made until about 1840, when a small triangular piece of land, lying between the yard and the highway, was added ; but in a few years that was taken up, and it became apparent that the town would be obliged to furnish new ground for inter- ment. The question was discussed at several tow n- meetings, and the selectmen were instructed to purchase land suitably located lor a cemetery; but, in consequence of inability to purchase and difference of opinion in regard to locality, failed to accomplish the objeel desired. Mr. Elbridge Wasou, of the firm of Wason, Peirce & Co., of Boston, a native of the town, very gener- ously offered to give the town land for a new burial-place or an addition to the old. After a consideration of the subject by the citizens, the latter was thought most desirable, and Mr. Wason pur- chased land on the north and west of the old yard, and conveyed the same to the town by deed, under eerlain conditions, one of which was that it should be controlled by a board of trustees, to lie appointed b\ grantor, with power to till vacancies as they mighl occur. Since thai time the trustees have caused the erection of a tow n-t.mil. and brought water by aqueduct into the yard, which is discharged by two fountains. Great changes have been made by citizens in improving lots and erecting monuments, so that it will compare favorably with cemeteries in neighboring towns. Soil, Forest Growth and Productions.— The sur- face of the town is very much like that of the neigh- boring towns, crossed by hill and vale, although the hills are not so steep and high as in Francestown and Lyndeborough. The soil varies. The hill land-, are generally an admixture of clay and marl, with the granite formation on the south anil east sides; on the ninth and west tin formation is purely of granite, and with less depth of soil and fertility; the valleys partake more of the mail than of (he granite. The valley of the smith branch of the Piscataquog is alluvial, evidently the result of the glacier period, as the extended morains and cairns along its banks would tend to show, and during the melting of the ice the water must ha\ c been from seventy-five to oue hundred feet deep where the village now stands, as at that height on the hills on each side the sediment s. -tiled ill still water. The meadow or bog land is of but small amount, except what is known as the Great Meadow, in the north part of the town, although now comparatively worthless, except for cranberries. It was of great value to the early settlers, having In en Bowed at sonic period by the beavers, which would destroy the timbers, and being abandoned by them, their dam went to decay, and after the water dried oil, a kind of grass, known as the blue joint, sprang up and grew luxuriantly, affording a supply of hay to keep cattle before there was a sufficient amount of land cleared for that purpose. The forest growth was principally oak and pine, with a mixture of beech, maple and hemlock on the hills; oak, beech and pine grew on low lands. The banks of the Piscataquog. its entire length, a distance of ten miles or more, was lined with pines of a large size and good quality. Some fifteen or twenty years prior to the Revolution the British government undertook to procure masts for the royal navy, from Concord and vicinity, by floating them down the Merrimack River to Newburyport; but in going over Amoskeag Falls most of them were broken. The project proved a failure, and was given up. They next turned their attention to the Piscata- quog and its branches as a better field of operation, and to give even better facilities for conveyance, built a i. .ml from Squog village (what was then Bedford) to Oil-Mill village, in Weare. This road was known as King's Mast road, and the King's surveyor went through the woods and put the broad " R " on all pine-trees suitable for masts for the royal navy. It was a capital crime for a man to cut on his own land any pine-tree twenty inches or more in diameter, and was punishable with a fine and confiscation of the lumber. Tradition says that in 1774, Benjamin Whiting, of Amherst, sheriff of the county, laid an attachment on all logs found at the mills in Gollstoun over twenty inches through, and then went to Oil-Mil], where there was a large number of logs, and did the same. He then went to a hotel to spend the night; after he retired, a band of masked men broke into his room, ordered him to dress, placed him upon his horse, whose tail and mane hail been closely shaven, and compelled him to leave the place. Being an obstinate, willful man, and highly exas- perated at the treatment he received, he persuaded Colonel Goffe to go with a company of soldiers to execute the King's writ ; but his assailants were not to be found. No further effort was made at that time to arrest the offenders. The next year, 1775, was the beginning of the Revolution, and Sheriff Whiting was one of the small NEW BOSTON. 595 number that refused to sign the Test Act; but his townsmen made it so uncomfortable for him that he removed to Nova Scotia, and never returned. Allusion lias been made to the size of the trees, many of which, taking the stumps as a standard, wore from lour to five feet in diameter at the root. One was cut down on the farm formerly owned by N. C. Crombie that was six feel in diameter at the stump; another, near John M. Holt's mill, marly as large, and the story is that a pair of oxen, six feet girth, were turned around on them without stepping oil'. It is evident they could not be removed full length for masts, and were therefore left to rot. After the Revolutionary period the business of cut- ting and drawing the best and straightust trees to the landing at Suuog for masts was continued until all suitable for that purpose had disappeared. The man- ufactured lumber prior to the building up of Nashua and Manchester was drawn to the same place and rafted to Newburyport or Boston. At that time the lust boards sold at Squog for from live to six dollars per thousand. When the town was laid out it con- tained as much oak and pine timber as any town six miles square in the State, but it is now nearly all gone. The principal productions, excepting lumber, are now and have been agricultural. Of grains, corn is the leading one, being the stand- ard crop. Wheat, oats and barley are grown to a limited ex- tent on the hill farms. The potato and turnip do not grow as well now as when the land was new. The farmer realizes more from hay than from any other production. Butter and cheese are made to a limited extent, as many of the largest farmers are selling their milk. The natural scenery of New Boston cannot be sur- passed. Among the highest elevations in town are Clark's, Cochran's ami Bradford Hills. For weeks the traveler might discover some new attraction in these abodes of nature. Nothing can exceed the splendor of a sunrise on these hills in a calm, summer morning. The stillness of the place, the varying positions of objects as the morning mists rise and change and pass away before the sun, — these and other features present to the mind a landscape abounding in that wild beauty which exists where art has not usurped dominion over nature. The eye dwells with delight on the vast country which is spread before it. Far as the eye can reach, it is mel by a constant succession of hills and mountains, sometimes swelling gently in the distance and sprinkled with settlements, again breaking into wild peaks; in summer crowned with ledges of granite, and in winter covered with an unbroken mantle of snow, rising like monuments of marble above the surrounding woods. Joe English Hill is the highest point of land in town, and is almost perpendicular on the south side. which appears as though tl had been broken off by some mightj convulsion of nature; the glacier period 1 1 1 ; i \ ha\ e bad something to do about it. The West and east sides are not so steep, and on the north the ascenl is verj gradual. The name is derived from a friendly Indian, who lived with the English when Tyngsborough, Dunstable, < Ihelmsford and 1 >racut were frontier towns, lb- was a good hunter and warrior, and from the I'ael of his living with the English the other Indians gave him the name of Joe English. Becoming satisfied that be gave information of their hostile designs to the pale-faces, they determined to take his scalp, and, accordingly, laid in wait for him. Soon alter, about twilight, they found Joe hunting near I be south branch of the Piscataquog, and made an attack on him, but he managed to escape, and be- ing a good runner, he made for the north side of the hill, knowing that unless he had recourse to strategy, they would capture him. He ran with great speed to the base of the hill, then slackened his speed so that his pursuers had nearly overtaken him ; when hi' came to the brink of the precipice, on tile southern side, be leaped down a short distance, and concealed him- self behind a projection of the ledge, while bis pur- suers, having seen their prey, came on with renewed energj to the point where he had disappeared, fell headlong and were dashed on the rocks below. Another account is thai in one of his excursions in Ibis vicinity he was pursued by a native Indian war- rior. On discovering his enemy he ran for the base of the hill, and after going around several times came up with his pursuer in the rear, and shot him in the back. Joe English, in consequence of bis faithfulness to the English, came to his death in the following man- ner : As he, with some white men, were escorting Lieutenant Butterfield and wife from Dunstable to Chelmsford, July 27, 170(1, they fell into an ambuscade of hostile Indians. Butterfield and the other men easily made their escape, as the principal object ol the Indians was to capture Joe. He started for the woods, with all the Indians in full pursuit, excepting one, who was left in charge id' .Mrs. Butterfield. When he found thc\ were gaining upon him lie faced about, look aim, as if about to lire; the Indians, know- in- Ilia! he was a fatal shot, dropped instantly to the ground. Joe then ran for his life, but, seeing his pur- sue,- were gaining ground, repeated the action, which he did several times, until he had nearly reached the covert of the thick wood, when one of the Indians fired. The shot struck his right arm, and his gun fell from his hand; but this impelled him speed, and he had just gained the w 1 when another shot struck him in the thigh and he fell to the ground. At the same time a yell of triumph expressed the joj id' the savages. Coming up, they gave vent to their hatred in no measured terms, as follows : " Now. Joe. we are glad voll no tell English we Come again." histokv of iiii,Lsnoi;on;ii cointv. m:\v h ami-shirk. " No,'' answered Joe; "Captain Butterfield I'll that at Pawtueket." " Ugh ! " exclaimed the Indians; the thought just striking them that the soldiers at the block-houses at Pawtueket or Dunstable, alarmed by the whites who had escaped, would lie upon them in a short time, they did not delay, but burying the tom- ahawk in tin' head of .Toe English, this faithful friend of the white man died. The services of Joe English were considered so meritorious that a grant was made to his wile and two children by the Legislature of Massachusetts, be- cause, as the words of the grant have it, " lie died in the service of his country." Roads. — The first road built in town, according to the proprietary records, was from where the first house was built on the plain to the saw and grist-mill ; the next was from Amherst line to John McAllister's house, in thesouth part ofthe town ; and also one from the plain to the Great Meadow. The first road through the town began on Bedford west line, near Chestnut Hills; thence, in a northwesterly direction, nearly through the centre of the town, crossing the south branch of Piscataquog River about one-half mile below the Lower village, at a place now known as the ford-way ; thence it followed, in nearly the same di- rection, to thesouth line of Weare. A large part of it has gone out of use ami is fenced up, the land reverting to the abutters, and is known as the idd County road, probably designed as a leading thoroughfare on which the cross-roads from east ami west would terminate. After the incorporation of the town, the record shows a large number of transcripts of new highways laid out by the selectmen, in doing which they appear to have had two things in view, — first to so locate the road as to pass each settler's house. No regard being paid to straight lines, the roads were circuitous and often nearly at right angles, being built over the hills, seeming to avoid as much as possible the level and low lauds. According to tradi- tion, one of the reasons for >o doing is found in the fact that most of the early settlers built on a hill, or on the most elevated portion of their lot or grant, being of the opinion that the soil was better and the location more pleasant ; and when they had made con- siderable advance in clearing of the forest, it gave opportunity to see their neighbors' premises. Another reason was that it was difficult to build and maintain a road in low and swampy laud. There appears to have been two leading ways to the older towns, where they procured such articles of mer- chandise and luxuries as their means would allow, — one through the north part of the town to Goffstown and Londonderry ; the other from the northwest pail ofthe town, over the Clark Hill, to the Lower village; thence to the upper ami over Bradford Hill, and, as the road now runs, past the residences of r. John Whipple. Although it was of great advantage and benefit to the town and public, the large expense of building caused strong opposition on the part of many of the citizens, two of whom refused to travel over it, but preferred the old circuitous road to reach the village, nearly twice the distance. In the year 1 sri'l a new highway was built from the lower village to ( Jollstow n. to connect with the old Mast road in said town, known as the River road, and is now the leading thoroughfare from the towns w est and southwest to the city of Manchester. By this time the town had been at great expense building mw road- t.. accommodate the public. Two had been built from the west line of the town, termi- nating at the village, one farthersouth having its ter- minus <>n fhe Amherst road, one in the northeast part to Weare line, andanother in the southeast to Bedford line, varying in length from two and one-half to four ami one-half miles, beside many shorter pieces made to avoid the hills and straight! n old roads, the build- ing and maintenance of which was aheivy burden on the tax-payers. The presumption is that New Boston has mote miles of road than any other town ofthe same size in the c lty or ill the State. Bridges.— The first bridge wason the south branch of the riscataiptog, where tl Id County road crossed. and was built with log abutments; this was effected by placing:! log well imbedded on each side of the stream, then others from the bank notched on as headers, and stretchers laid from one abutment to the other until tbev had attained a suitable height. All incident i- related in connection with this bridge which appears almost incredible, although related as a fact well vouched. During a severe freshet the covering of the bridge was carried away, leaving the stringers bare. A resident of Francestown, returning from London- derry on horseback in the evening, passed over, and as it was unusuallv dark, concluded to call at the first NEW BOSTON. -.117 house and spend the night. The first question on his arrival was,— "How did you cross the river?'' His answer was,— "On the bridge," but was assured that that was not possible, as it had been carried away by the water. He refused to credit what his host related, but in the morning' went back, and, to his great sur- prise, saw nothing remaining of the bridge from one abutment to the other except one stringer, which was sufficient evidence to convince him that his horse had carried him over in safety, with i tlier surface for foothold than the remaining cross-tie. On the south branch of Piscataquog there are eight w len truss bridges, varying in length from forty- five to sixty-live feet, and one bridge of iron in the village; on the middle branch, two wooden truss bridges, from forty to fifty feet in length, and six with stretchers laid across, plank-covered. Mills.— The first mill or mills was built by the proprietors, as has been related; the next by Andrew Walker about the year 1751. As appears by the records, the proprietors made an agreement or con- tract with said Walker, on condition of certain giants of land, to build a saw and grist-mill on the middle branch of the Piscataquog River, where Charles Tucker's mill now stands, with a right to flow, for the space of seven years, the low land farther up said stream, so as to furnish a supply of water lor tin dry season, the proprietors to provide the mill-irons. The frequent complaint of the settlers to the pro- prietors would tend to show that he did not give satisfaction. What the difficulty was does not ap- pear, — whether he refused to saw boards for one-half. according to the custom of the time, and demanded payment in cash, or claimed more than a sixteenth part of the grain for grinding. But it is .piiteevident.it was an infringement on the rights of tin 1 settlers, and an abuse of the privileges granted him, or was so con- sidered by the proprietors from the action taken at several of their meetings. At one it was voted to sue Walker and take the mill-irons if he was not more accommodating; at another time they authorized and empowered Thomas Cochran and John McAllister to take legal measures with Andrew Walker. At an early period Deacon Thomas Cochran built a corn- mill on a small stream known as the Cochran Brook, and prior to 1770. Hugh Gregg built a saw and grist- mill on the middle branch of the Piscataquog River, where Alvaro Hadley's now stands. Deacon Jesse Christy built a saw and grist-mill on the spot now owned by the Paper-Mil] Company. Saw-mills were built in different parts of the town to the number of thirty-three, nine of which were located on the south branch of the river, nine on the middle branch, four on the Marden Brook, one on Turkey Brook, near the north end of the Great Meadow, one on brook near Hiram Wilson's, tw i Wood's Brook, besides two on the south branch of the Piscataquog, which were connected with grist-mills. Manufactures.— The first manufactory in town of which then- is any record was that of wire, and was carried on by Holmes, Kendall & Crombie in a build- ing near where the paper-mill now stands. Not proving remunerative, it was given up. Axes and hoes were manufactured there about the same time. A year or two later Moses Wood creeled a building near the same place, and began the manufacture of guns and rifles, which he carried on successfully for along period, until the breech-loader succeeded the old muzzle-loader. Kendall & McLane began the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds in 1845, in a building where John Gregg's shop now stands, which was afterwards burned, and were succeeded the next year by N. & R. McLane, who continued the business thereuntil 1852, when they erected a dam and building about one hundred rods northeast of the Lower village, and have continued the manufacture of doors there till the present time. The same year Nathan Farley commenced the manufacture of piano-cases, which lie has continued successfully. Fuller .v Wisewell made looking-glasses and pic- ture-frames in the same building formerly occupied by N. & li. McLane tor two or three years. They were succeeded by Mr. Smith, who put in machinery tor knit hosiery. After operating a few- months, he had the misfortune to have his stock and machinery destroyed by fire. For twenty years or more David N. Butterfield has manufactured fancy boxes and toy furniture in what was known as the Cage Mill, and has machinery for turning and planing iron. Mr. Brett for three or four years carried on the business of making bobbins. Morgan & Andrews for a time manufactured bed- steads in the west [.art of the town. The premises are now occupied by E. 1>. Morgan as a table-factory. In 1846, George D. Neville commenced and pur- sued the making of edge-tools in the shop built by I lavid Smith. John W. Andrews' knob and chair-factory Is now owned and occupied by Mr. Alfred Wilder, who manufactures toy carriages to quite an extent, Abram Wason erected a steam-shop for the making of barrel-heads in 1883, and is still in the business. Soldiers of the French and Indian Wars.— There is no evidence, traditional or historical, that any resi- dent of the town servedin these wars from 17".". to I7i,n. Daniel Kelso enlisted from Deny in 1758, at the age of sixteen years, and served till the close of the war. He afterwards remove. 1 to this town. John Livingston, born in the year 17'2'J, in the parish of Learcastle, County of Argyle, Scotland, had a more varied experience than any other citizen of his day. The year 1756 was, on the whole, more fav- orable" to the French arms in North America than the HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. British, ami great efforts were made that it was necessary to raise a large number of men by enlistment to make up the quota of the standing regiments and form new ones, and if the young men would not enlist, they were conscripted. In September of the above-named year, on Living- ston's return from the grist-mill, he was met by the recruiting sergeant and a hie of soldiers, and was forced to accompany them to the place of rendez- vous, leaving the horse and bag of meal in the highway, aud at his home a wife and child. He afterwards enlisted and sent his wife the bounty money. The Highland Regiment, of which he was a soldier, landed in Boston in the early part of the year 1757, and was in service on the frontier that year and the next, and in 1759 took part in the ex- pedition under General Wolfe to take Quebec. He was iu the battle of Abraham's Plains and all the other conflicts in which that division was in every one of which he performed his duty faith- fully. After seven years' service he obtained his discharge, of which the following is a copy : CITY o]- JOHN LIVINGSTON'S DISCHARGE. •■His Majesty's t-lli Regiment of foot Whei.-.f Simon Frazcr is lot. "These are to Certifk- ttiat tin- Bearer hereof John 1 . l v i r i _. - 1 ■ ■ 1 1 ~. .T . r i . i in Hayoi Campbell's Company . -i the aforesaid Regiment parish of Learcastle and in the County of Argile, aged thirty-six years and by trade a fanner. "Hath served honestly an. I Faithfully in tie- -.ml I,-. space of seven years. But by reason that the Regiment is to be reduced is here by discharge.!, he having first received all just li.-man.ls . .1' pay Clothing etc. from hi, entn int.. the sai.l Ke-i nt I., the Da} .•! this - q. pears l.y hi> Ke. .-pi ..nth.- Fa. k hereof ••i;iven under my hand and the seal of the I;. --intent at Ouel.ee iu Canada this Tenth day ..I S.-|.t.-uil..o IT...;. After his discharge, in company with other High- landers, he came to Montreal, and from thence up the Missisqui River to Lake Champlain, along the shore of this lake to the- mouth of the Winooski, up the last-named to Montpelier, where there was but one log house There were but few settlements in Vermont then, except on the Connecticut River and Lake Champlain. He then went from Montpelier to Windsor, and from there to Boston, where he worked in the sum- in in a Wr-l India good.- -tore and a steve- dore's gang for the small sum of fifty cent.- per day, and in the winter came to Bedford (or New Boston) ami worked for his board. After three or I ] ears he had saved enough to purchase a lot of land in the northwest part of the town, and clearing it, he built a log house and frame barn, ami in 177-'l -cut for his wife and daughter, whom In- had not seen for seven- teen years. They arrived in November of the same year. By industry and economy he acquired a large landed estate in this town and Franeestown. He was a very successful farmer, raising a large number of horses, cattle and sheep. He died July lb. 1818. Soldiers of the Revolution— A bner Hogg, son of Robert Hogg, was born iu Londonderry in the year 1759. He enlisted in June, 177b, under Captain Barnes, of Lyndeborough, and went with him to Tieonderoga, in General Gates' division, and in December returned home, lie re-enlisted the next spring under t 'aptain Livermore, in < lolonel Scammel's regiment, the Third New Hampshire, and was in frequent skirmishes in the vicinity of Tieonderoga. He was in the battle of Stillwater, and, later, witnessed Burgoyne's surrender. He then joined Washington's army and was in several conflicts; he came home in .May, 1780. During his term of service he was iu ten battles, held a sergeant's warrant for two years of the time and drew a ser- geant's pay from government from 1831 to the time id his death. .lame-, an elder brother. Was in the battle of Bunker Hill. William Beard was also in this battle, and after- ward received an ensign's commission. He was in General Stark- army ai the battle of Bennington, in 1777. Deacon Archibald McMillen was wounded in the Bunker Hill conflict, but it does not appear that he enlisted for a term of service, for he was elected representative of New Boston and Franeestown to the i reneral Court tit Exeter in 1777. Robert Campbell, Josiah Warren and James Cald- well were taken prisoners by the Indians in the vicin- ity of Tieonderoga, and left there some months. The exchange or liberation occurred on the last Wednesday of May, the day on which the Legislature of Mas- sachusetts met, and they afterwards annually cel- ebrated the event by a festival, called the feast of Purim or deliverance, at which times they met alternately at each other's houses. Caleb Howe served long enough to draw full pen- sion. About the beginning of the Revolutionary War there was a large addition to the population of the town from Beverly, Windham, Hamilton and other coast towns. They were a people of purely English origin and ancestry, having different manners, customs and usages from the earlier settlers, and a different pronun- ciation from the broad Scotch. As a body, thrifty, frugal and industrious. A- a rule, they came with sufficient means to purchase many improvements over the earlier settlers. This influx continued until about the beginning of the present century, and added materially to the wealth and prosperity of the town. There were families of Dodges, besides the Andrews. Obers, Dam-, Morgans, Langdells, Bennetts aud Whipple.-. From the beginning of the second immigration the population increased rapidly, and reached the highest in the second decade of this century, it being about NEW BOSTON. 1700, and since that time there has been a steady decrease. In 1870 it was 1241, in L880, 1144— an ac- tual decrease of over 550 in sixty years, due mainly to the same causes that have diminished the wealth, population and production of the farming towns, more particularly those that have no railroad facilities. War of 1812.— There is not much known of this town in connection with the War of 1812. Nathan Hall and Jonathan Brown are the onl) ones known to have been engaged in it. NAMES OF VOL1 NTEEBS FROM NEW BOSTON IN THE WAB OF THE REBELLION. Fob I mi. i i. Months James I!. Whipple, Paul Whipple, Page Fox, Joseph K. Whipple, W. B. Dodge, lifted Ea , W E. Taggart. Perley Dodge,* M. Ci.li.uni, \' \ I drews,* C, U Dickey," n Pe*b ' I' dell, William Kelso, Page Fox, H Fairfii Cudworth,* Calvin Aiuln-ws, r. H. .Murpl I. M, Lewis Towns," Moses Crombie, Benja IvlS'./' JuCull I Towns, George \n .. Peabody," .1 Lang- e Langdell, Edward Dodge, '■ -ge Mar- ion,* Frederick Lam- Paul Whipple, Henrj <...-.. A Cn-i,. I \ . i . tr oi„.,. ,i„iu, i.,run, (George Davis, George IL-\\, E.hvin Banianl,* Levi W. Sarg. Qt, Charli 3 Brooks,* RichanR.u, Frank Warden, Juhii llnxt Washington Follansbee, Henry Shelle,, W.I1-..11 M. .el.-, i li.nl... I I mgjrrtt,* H. Frank Warren, Elbridge MansBeld, J II Johonnett, l I Bennett, i-ustin M. . r_.,,: ., .. ., i ■■ ■ ■ i ... ., i: v || W 'ii. ... i>. - aids, Joseph Richards," Oscai Richards, Daniel F. Shedd, James Col- burn, John Dickey, William J, Perkins, John II. Boynton, Robert Richards. Lawyers. — There existed lor a long time a decided aversion to the legal profession among no small part of the community, but that soon disappeared; never- theless New Boston has never been an inviting field for this profession. Its location is not sufficiently cen- tral to attract business from surrounding towns, nor has New Boston raised many of her sons to thiscalling ; but of those she has given, there is no occasion for shame. William Wilson became the leader and rosetoemi- nence. He was the son of Alexander Wils gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1797, settled in Ohio and became judge of the Supreme Court in 1823; he was subsequently elected a member of Congress and died in 1827, aged fifty-five years. Josiah Fairfield, the son of John Fairfield, was born August, 1803, fitted for college at An dover, Mass., and graduated from Dartmouth in 1S25. In 1827 he went to Hudson, N.Y.,and became principal of the academy Which position he held five years, studying law in the mean time, and in 1832 began to practice. Mr. Fairfield was always a firm friend of education and an advocate of all righteous reforms, lie died in Hudson, N. Y., respected by all. Clark B. Cochrane was born in 1813, and was the son of John Cochrane. He commenced fitting tor college ;;l Atkin-oii Academy in ls:!2, under John Kelly, Esq., and Completed his preparation at I'ran- cestown Academy and at Nashua. He entered Union College in 1835, and graduated in l.So'J, commenced practicing law at Amsterdam, N. Y., and in 1851 removed to Schenectady, thence to Albany in 18.35. In 1856 he was elected to represent in the United States Congress the counties ol Sche- nectady, Schoharie, Montgomery and Fulton, and was re-elected in 1858. Mr. Cochrane gained a high position among his competitors by his legal knowledge. He died at Albany. James Crombie was born in 1811, the third son of William Crombie, Esq., removed from New Boston to Otsego, N. A'., when only five years of age. Ill health forbade a college course, but in 1834 he began thi study of law, and was admitted to the bar at Albany in October, 1837. Lorenzo Fairbanks is the son of Joel Fairbanks, and was born March 16, 1825. He fitted for college at Black River Academy, Ludlow, Vt., graduated at Dartmouth College in 1X52, and immediately com- menced the study of law in New York; was admitted to the bar iii 1853. He subsequently established him- self in business in Philadelphia, but has sine rrm^\ ed to Boston, where he now resides. ( Ihristopher C. Langdell is the son of the late John Langdell. He fitted for college at Exeter Academy, graduated at Harvard and afterwards practiced law in New York City. He is now professor in the Law School at Harvard ( iollege. Perley Dodge was the youngest son of William Dodge, who settled lure in 1787. His ancestors are believed to have come from the north of Wales, and were among the early settlers in Massachusetts I'.ay. He fitted forcollegeat Pinkerton, Salisbury and Kran- cestown Academies, entered Dartmouth in 1820, sub- sequently went to Union College, from which he graduated in 1824. In 1828 he was admitted to the bar, practicing first at Francestown, then in New Boston, but afterwards removed to Amherst, where hi- iiou lives. John Gove, son of Dr. Jonathan Cove, was bom in New Boston, February 17, 1771, graduated at Dart- mouth College in 1793, commenced the practicing of law in Goffstown in 1797 aud removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1802. He died the same \ car. a^.d thirty -one. Charles Frederick Com- was also the son of Dr. Jonathan Cove. He was born May 13, 1 793, gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1817, read law with J. Forsaith and commenced its practice in ( iollslown in 1820, where he remained till 1839, when he to Nashville (now Nashua), and represented it in the - ' i islature in 1830,'31,'32,'33,'34. He was presi- dent of the State Senate in 1835, was solicitor from 1834 to 1837, Attorney-Gem ral from 1837 to 1842, and appointed circuit judge of Court of ( Jommon Pleas in 1842. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Robert Chirk Cochran is the son of the late John I). Cochran. He was born Novenber 4, 1813, and resided in Gallatin, -Miss., up to the time of his death. Jesse McCurdy, the son of the late James McCurdy, graduated at Dartmouth in the class of 1852. He is now practicing law in Quitman, Miss. Seth Fairfield is the son of Benjamin Fairfield, Esq., and a graduate of Waterville College, Me. He went into Mississippi tip teach school, and is now in the practice of tile legal profession in that State. Ninian (.'huh Betton was born in 1788. Hestudied at Atkinson Academy, entered Dartmouth College and graduated with the reputation of high scholarship. He practiced in Boston up to the time of his death, which occurred November 19, 1856. George E. Cochrane, son of Allied Cochrane, was bornMarch 30, 1845. He studied law with Judge i 'loss, of Manchester, afterwards settling in Farming- ton, and from thence he removed to Rochester, where he now resides. Charles S. McLane, the son of Rodney McLane, was born November, 1854. He received his educa- tion at Mont Vernon, Derry and Tilton schools, stud- ied law with Wadleigh & Wallace, of Milford, and subsequently practiced in Dover, from which place he has now removed to Wichita, Kan. Doctors.— The first doctor in town was Matthew Thornton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. When he came here and how long he stayed is not known. He afterwards removed to a place in Merrimack known as Thornton's Ferry, where he died. The next was Dr. Jonathan Gove, who came here He evidentlv a polished and in the year 1770. cultivated man, as well as a skillful physician. He held many town offices, more particularly that of town clerk, for a long period. After he had passed middle age he removed tip (lotlstown and died there. Contemporary with Dr. (Jove was Dr. Hugh Mc- Millen.a self-educated physician and a good practical chemist. By study and experiment he was enabled to compound and prepare medicines that wire valua- ble in diseases of the blood, and it is said he discov- ered ii cure for hydrophobia, if taken in season. The secret he left to his son, Dr. Abraham McMillen, and it died with him. The next in order was Dr. Eastman. lie was succeeded l>\ Dr. Lincoln, a man of some enterprise. He built mills on the premises now owned and occupied by Elbridge C. Colby : but hav- ing met with some reverses, he left town, and he, ill turn, was succeeded by Dr. Cutter, who remained a short time, and returned to Jaffrey, his former home. Next in order was Dr. John Whipple, who began practice ill the year 1800. He was a good practitioner and a man of enterprise. Dr. Brown, of Maine, came here in 1813, and stayed four years. Dr. Dalton succeeded him in 1819, and remained till Ins death. Dr. Dalton was followed by Dr. Perkins. After a lew years' practice he abandoned this profession to study for the ministry. Next came Dr. Bradford, who, after some three years, removed to Montague, Mass. His successor was Dr. hitch, of Greenfield, N. H. Dr. Danforth, of Wean, followed Dr. Fitch, lie retired after a practice of more than twenty years. In the year 1848, Dr. Moses Atwood came here from Concord. He hegan the practice of medicine in North Lyndchorough in 1827 ; thence removed to Deering, and from Deering to Francestown, where be had a very extended practice, probably equal to that of any physician in the county. In 1841 he changed from allopathy to homoeopathy, and such was the confidence of his [patrons in his skill and judgment thai, almost without except ion. they continued their patronage. He was the first homoeopathic physician in New Hampshire. He died in New Boston April 28, 1850. About 1858, Dr. N. P. Clark came here from An- dover, N. II.. and was a successful practitioner for more than twenty years. He died in 1881. In 1865, Dr. Terhune cam.' here from Hackensack, N. J., and remained a lew years. Dr. Sturtevant was contemporary with Dr. Clark from 1875, and built up quite a lucrative business, He was succeeded by Dr. Myshrall, and he, in turn, by Drs. Gould and Weaver, who are now the resident physicians. The following are the physicians who have gone out from here: Dr. James Crombie hegan practice iu Temple. N. H., in 17H8. He removed from Temple to Fran- cestown. and from thence to Waterford, Me. Dr. William Person practiced in Gloucester, Mass., and died there. Dr. Alexander Mct'olloin practiced in Pittston, Me., where he died in 1884. Dr. Samuel Gregg studied medicine with Dr. Dal- ton. of this town ; went first to Medford, Mass. ; after wards became homo opathic, and went to Boston, where he died. Dr. Jeremiah Cochran studied with Dr. Daltou ; removed to Sandusky, Ohio, where he died after sev- eral years' practice. I if. ( 'harlcs Cochran is a practicing (physician at Toledo, Ohio. Dr. Horace Wason hegan the practice of medicine at Manchester. Mass., and died there. Dr. Thomas Cochran took bis degree at Harvard in 1840. lie went to New Ipswich the same year, where he remained until 1853, when he went to West Rutland, Vt. In 1862 he received the appointment of a-sistant surgeon iu the United States army. Dr. Daniel Marden studied with Dr. Danforth; hegan practice at Goshen, N. H.,and went from there to Peru, Vt. NEW BOSTON. tiOl ;raduated at the Homoeopathi hi, and is v located in Frai gradual. 1 at Dartmouth Mud Loin Dr. Nathaniel Peabody studied at Hanover, and died in New Jersey. Dr. E. G. Kelly studied medicine with Dr. Muzzy, of Hanover, and" graduated at Jefferson .Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., and now lives in New bury port. Dr. J. K. Warren graduated at the II ipat'hic Medical College, New York City ; began practice in Palmer. Mass., and is now a physician in Worces- ter. Dr. George Adams graduated from the same college, and commenced practice in Webster, where he died Dr. Arthur Todd Medical School, Bos cestown. Dr. Eugene Wasoi eal School, and practiced there removed to Nashua Traders— The first stoic in town was opened by John McLaughlin, on the hill south of the Upper vil- lage ; after he retired there were several trailers in the Upper village, viz., — Dr. Lincoln, Messrs. Whitney, Bixby, McCollom, Warren. In the year 1824, Micah Lawrence and Waterman Burr began trade in the Upper village, and continued there until 1828, when thej erected a store in what is now the Lower village, and remained in company until 1834, when Mr. Lawrence retired. Mr. Burr contin- ued in business some eighteen years longer. Both were largely identified with the interests of the town, — Mr. Lawrence as auctioneer, selectman, overseer of the poor and two years representative ; Mr. Burr as justice of the peace for fifty years and doing a large amount of writing in drawing wills, deeds, bonds, etc., and as executor and administrator, having settled nearly or unite one hundred estates. About the year 1825, Amos W. Tewksbury suc- ceeded Samuel Trull in the Upper village, where he was in trade till 1830, when he removed to the Lower and built a house and store; here he remained twenty years or more, when he sold to .lames M. Gregg and removed to West Randolph, Vt., engaging in the same business under the firm-name of A. W. Tewksbury cV Sons, doing an extensive business, said to be the largest retail store in Vermont. During the same period Stephen Whipple, David \ Henry Kelso. Kelso withdrawing, the business was continued under the name of S. D. Atwood .V Co. The Smiths were succeeded by Samuel M.Worthley who was in business two years, when his house and store were burned. A short time prior to the destruction of Worlhley's buildings, Charles and ( 'larence Dodge opened a store on the premises formerly occupied by A. W. Tewks- bury ; the senior partner, on retiring, was sin m ile.l by George Warren; since his withdrawal ('. II. Dodge has carried on business alone. REV. JOHIS ATWOOD was born in Hudson (then Not- tingham West), October 3, 1795, where he united with the Baptist Church at the age of twenty-one. Soon alter he lagan to study, with the ministry in view, under the instruction of Rev. Daniel Merrill. In May, 1817. he entered tie Literary ami Theological Department of Waterville College, in which he re- mained live years, iiudei the instruction of Rev. Dr. Chaplin. lie married, November 28, 1826, Lydia, eldest daughtei Of Deacon Solomon Dodge. Being dis- missed from the church in New Boston as their pastor, alter spending a short time in Francestow n, he re- moved to Hillsborough, where he remained seven In 1843, Mr. Atwood was elected State treasurer, which office he retained six years, a parted' which time he served as chaplain to the State Prison. In 1850, Mr. Atw 1 returned to New Boston, when 1 he resided until his death, which occurred on April 28, 187"., occupying his time in cultivating his farm, ami occasionally supplying churches destitute of pas- tors, enjoying the confidence and respect of the com- munity, whom lie represented in the Legislature rive years, viz.— 1832, '33, '34, '35, '59. As a preacher. Mr. Atwood was evangelical and in- structive, and as a pastor, faithful, affectionate and conciliatory; ami his ministry in New Boston served greatly to enlarge and strengthen the church to which he ministered. He always cordially .-ought to advance t hi cause ot education and to promote every enterprise that prom- ised to benefit the community. And the government and Union found, in their hour of peril, an unwaver- ing friend and supporter, planting no thorns for the pillow of his declining years by neutrality and op- position to a just government. Courteous, hospitable and generous, be bound to himself all good men, both as a Christian gentleman and an upright citizen. Mr. Atwood's children are Lydia D., Sarah E. John B., Roger W., Ann J., Mary F., Solomon D. and John H. The latter and John 1'.. died in infancy. Sarah F. married John L. Blair, and resides in Alton, 111. Ann J. became the wile of Rev. J. L. A. Fish ; she died March 15, 1874. Roger W. married Emily Larcom, of Beverly, Mass., and resides in Alton, 111. Solomon D. married Flora A. Dodge, of Frances- town, and resides in this town. Dwiki Campbei i .-'.ii of Thomas ami grandson of Uob.-rt Campbell, mie of the earliest set- tlers in the east part of the town, now resides where 602 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. his grandfather settled in 1763. This is one of the instances where property descends to the third and fourth generation, He has held ihr oilier of selectman longer than any other person now living in town, four timi ted the town in the State Legislature, has exercised great influence in town affairs and enjoyed the confi- dence of his townsmen for uprightness and integrity. Now past the eightieth mile-post, he retain- his intel- lectual vigor unimpaired. November 6, 1834, he married Sal >rin a Moor, daugh- ter of John Moor and granddaughter of Rev. Solomon Moor, who died Februarj 11. 1846, by whom he had five children, — Clark, horn March 17, 1836,and married Ann Per- kins, of Mont Vernon, where they now reside. Alfred ML, horn May 14. 1838, married Mary Abbie Cochran, ofNew Boston. John, born May 1, 1840, died November 17. 1840. John and Sabrina, born February 11. 1846, both of whom are now dead. Mr. Campbell married, forhisscc 1 wife, Decem- ber 2. 1847, Matilda Moor, and they have two chil- dren, — Hamilton M., born August 29, 1848, married Hattie Andrews, of New Boston : they are now living in ( roffstown. .Mary Ann. horn March 27, 1851, married Charles Bales, of Wilton, where they now reside. Host. Robert B. Cochrane was horn in New Boston October 24, 17'J4. He was grandson of .lame-, of Windham, and great-grandson of John and Jennie (McKeen) Cochrane, of that town. This John was horn in Londonderry, Ireland, 1704. and settled in Lon- donderry, N. H. (part now Windham), in 1720. His father, John, when not more than sixteen years old, shared in the defense of Londonderry, Ireland, against the Catholics, in 1689. He afterwards married Eliza- beth Arwin, and died at the age of of forty-six years. The John who settled in this country was known as "Captain John." and was a leading and efficient man in Windham till his death, in 1788. The parents of Hon. Robert B. were John Coch- rane, of New- Huston (who died in Chester February 1(1, 1.S47V, aged srveniv-!i\ e years I, and Jemima I >a\ is, who was called "a saintly woman." She died Octo- ber 7. 1868, aged ninety-four. She was a daughter of Benjamin Davis, a captain in the Revolutionary army. Robert B. had only the scant} privilege, of the district school of llc.se days, but fitted himself to begin teaching at the age of sixteen (1810), and taught winters for nearly fifty years, generally two schools each winter; was justice of the peace for about the same length of time. He was a surveyor of land, and no other man in New Boston was so familiar with lots and lines; was representative from New Boston, 1835-36-37; was selectman about a dozen years, most of the time chairman of the hoard, and was chosen State Senator, 1854 and 1856. For a long series of years he was largely in probate busi- ness, was a frequent referee, and wrote an untold number of wills, deeds, contracts and various legal papers; was a Christian man most of his long lite, and was for years an officer of the Sabbath-school following its earliest organization in the town; was rom New Boston to the Constitutional Con- vention of 1850; was a self-made man. of clear load and strung natural abilities. He died May 7, 1878. His brothers ware Hon. Gerry W. Cochrane and Hon. Clark B. Cochrane, A.M.. several terms repre- sentative in Congress from the Albany District, New- York. Robert B. married Elizabeth, daughter of Captain Robert Warren, of Ijfew Boston. Of their ten chil- dren, four died young. The others were as follows : 1. Prudence, horn March 10, 1*24 ; a quick scholar and good teacher; has been an invalid since 1847. 2. Annis C. O, horn April 16, 1825; married John 0. Parker, of Manchester, November, 1848; died March ll, 1854. Her only surviving child, Willard Boyd, was graduated at Dartmouth College, 1875. 3. Sophia P., born February 18, 1830; died April 30, 1851; a remarkably keen and accurate scholar. 4. Rev. Warren R., born August 25, 1835, was graduated at Dartmouth College', 1859; tutor in Dart- mouth College. 1861; pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Antrim, N. H., nearly eighteen years; mar- ried Leila O, daughter of William C. and Harriet Crombie) < iochran, June 1 1, 1864. 5. Elizabeth D., horn April 28, 1837; married W. W. Story, of Antrim, November 6, 1870. 6. (.'lark B., horn February 9, 1843; was graduated at the Albany Law School, 1865; married .Mary K. Andrews, of New London, N. H. Casualties, Suicides, etc. — Nathan Merrill was found dead in the road. Tradition says that in the early settlement of the town an erratic, visionary Sort of man was found dead in SO small a [ 1 of water that foul play or suicide was suspected. A jury was called, on which was a broad-spot Erin, who acted as chairman, and when inquired ol by the justice for the result of their investigation, replied. " Ver honor, we brought in a verdict of felonious wilful murther! But, jest to soften it down a little, we ca'd it m-cidcntit!." Tradition says that in the spring of the year, in the early settlement of the town, the body of a man was found tear the Great Meadow, in the west part of the town. Who he was or how he came to his death is not affirmed; his hody was found near the camp where some cattle had been fed during the winter, which had been driven up from Londonderry. as was the custom for many years. Captain John McLaughlin, who resided on Brad- ford's Hill, carrying on an extensive business in tan- ning, met with some reverses of fortune, and was 80 on after found drowned in a well in the east corner of his NEW BOSTON. field. The late Luther Richards was on the jury of inquest, who, in speaking of the result of the inves- tigation, said, — ''As we could not say, as no one saw him, that lie came to his death intentionally, we though! it would be most in harmony with the feel- ing of the community to say accidental, ami that was ..in \ erdict." The wife of Captain Gray hung herself on the night of the installation of Rev. .Solomon Moor, in lie house now owned by .John Kidder. < iray had been a sea-cap- tain, and foul play was suspected, as the knot in the rope around her neck was a genuine sailor-knot. When asked why he did not cut her down when he first found her, he replied that "he put his hand to her mouth, and her breath was cold, so he knew she was dead." In L854 a young man sought to win the hand of a young lady, and, being unsuccessful, resolved to take her life, which he elf'eeted, and then took his own with the same instrument, expressing a desire before he died to lie buried in the same grave with her who had just fallen by his hand. The following inscription on her tombstone not only serves to preserve tin- historic fact, but to show to what wondrous heights of sublimity the muse will rise when so tragical an event transpires : "Sevilla, daughter of George and Sural, .tones, innideiedhj Henry X. Saiaant. .January la, IJ-.'-i, a^-d IT jours and 'J in... " Thus foil Ibis lovely. hlooinini: da.i-hlei 111 Hi., revengeful hand— a malicious Henry. \\ hen mil hei way !.. - I I he met her And with a six self-rooked pistol shot her." Charles Small was murdered September 7. 1840, h\ one Thomas, of Amherst, mar the McCollom tavern, on the road to Amherst, Mr. Benjamin Blaisdcll, of Goffstown, came to New Boston, and bought a farm, now owned b) Charles Shedd. His family consisted of his wife, who was Clarissa J. Kimball, of Goffstown, their four children and his mother. In the winter of 1849, Letitia Blaisdell, an adopted daughter of the late father of Mr. Blaisdell, who had been workingat Man- chester after his removal to New Boston, came to visit in his family. At her own request, the night after her arrival she slept with her adopted mother. The next morning the old lady was taken sick in a strange way, soon became insensible ami died the next morning, aged about eighty. After the death of Mr. Blaisdell's mother Letitia weut to Wentworth, and spent about four weeks, ami returned February 16, 1849. The next day after her return, a son, a child about two years and a half old, was taken sick, and after twelve hours of suffering, died, the physicians affirm- ing that in some way the child must have I" en poi- soned, yet no suspicions rested on any person. Soon after the burial of the child Mr. Blaisdell and his wife were taken sick while at tea. with every symptom of poison, but by timely aid were relieved. Suspicions now began to rest .m L t it ia, and she soon 39 confessed her guilt,— that she had administered mor- phine both t.. the aged mother and the little child, and the same ill the tea which Mr. and Mrs. Blaisdell drank; and that she had provided herself with strychnine it the morphine failed; that she held a forged note against .Mr. Blaisdell, and intended to destroy the whole family. This was undertaken from no ill will towards any member of the family, but evidently with the impression that if they were all out of the way she could take possession of the prop- erty. To this horrid crime she affirmed she had been impelled by the counsel and assistance of another person. She was arrested, tried and con- demned to he hung ; but this sentence was commuted to imprisonment tor life ; yet, in 1861, she was par- doned out by Governor Goodwin, and she subse- quently married a man who had served a period in the same prison. Mrs. Hannah Hint's, daughter of the late Mi. Rollins, was shockingly burned on Saturday evening, December 12, 1863, about nine o'clock, by her clothes taking fire at the upend ■ of her stove. She sur- vived, in great agony, until the next morning, and died about seven o'clock, aged thirty-three. The spotted i'vvrr prevailed in New Boston greatly in 1814 and to a limited extent in lsl.'i. -III. MIS Nalhalii. Coch Nathaniel 1.'... hi. in. .loin McAllis oesCoch in. Jesse Cristj . I.." ^ Cochin d Clark ...hr,., ii Mi.;, i Thomas Wilson nil.,. Thomas Wilson. dwell. — .1. e-l.li. U. ill. II. J:ihi l" '■ !:■ 'i •■.!:.: - w i.- iii, .lr . i:..i.' n <'.uii|»i..-i[. i I., i ,. I.,ni.- U i !.-.. ii. Jr.. William ■ rorabie IT '■' I |i.: ■ r ■ . .1 .',■ . -. i, .■ ' t.i .-- [.m tit ISuit. — Knlirrt Clark, William Ci-.-ml-ii-, Sanim I Hrr^. I - ■]. i;. .. 1 1 i In k, William < i..nilu.\ >..: . HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1802. — Ensign Alexander McCollom, David Wii-,,n a ilium i i mbio, I .i.-iir- ii.ii. r !;._■ 1 .« i r I hristii :'. Wllitillg. Lielltellullt Rohelt C|,,l-Il, . S,,|ohloll Do-lio u .ii l'...i_,. Lieuti-naiil John Cochran, Captain William Crombie. w Iliam Crombie. 18h7.— Major William ' I o-, . 'aplain -l.-h n Cochran, James Wilson, ISO- —.Major William I' ,1,1,., Captain ,l,,lin C.„ lirali, .1. - \\ il-.,|i. Esq 1m,'| —Geary Whilnig, ' aptain Joseph Amlr-ovs, I »■ aeon Joseph 1810.— Deacon Jo-cph i ., lirali. Fti-i-m Alc.vimlci >1 • ollolll, Solomon Josepb Cochl 1811.— Deacon Robert B 1 ■ i l:,,i.,, i , I., 1 1., Robert Wason, Vlexand, , .hi ];,,i„-ii \\ .,-,,, ,, s..i 1>14 — .lame- Fits, Jr., Benjamin Faille! - I .1,,-opll I .,.!,■ ,, I sin — Koberr Was,,u, H, a, • .11 Robert Clark, .—I -a, 1-17 — - 1 , l'.„l_. , i aptain Roberl Warren, J,,-,-pli Cochran, Es.i. .. i I ... : ... i aptain l:,a ,-rt Warren. J... .,1, Hooper, Jr., Colon, -1 Sarnie-l Dalle. l-2'i — Jo-ph i ,m lnan, ,li , .la,,, I, I),,.,],,!. Jr., I'apl.nii Andrew Beard W21 —Joseph Cochran, Jr., Jacob Hooper, Jr., Benjamin Fairfield. Dodge, Deacon Robert I lark, Benjamin Fair- :. Jr.. Deacon Solomon Dodge, Jacob Hooper, l: I. ill,, It, -a, ,,ii Sol-miou Dodg,-, l'„ n lalulli F.nr- Solo 1, Jr., John ClondO', Benjamin Failtield. , (',„ iii.iii. J,., J, ,lm i ■ion, 1,1,-, ,l,,n, ill, an Cochran. - Sol.,, Dodge, Benjamin Fairfield, J,,- ; ! I.— Benjamin Fairfield, Samuel Trull, Robert 11. Cochran. i.— Andrew Beard, Issaohai Andieu-. I;- 1 . it I; , ,. hi ,n . — Benjamin Fairfield, Esq I B I w m i man Burr. : -Benjamin I ,., un II. W-; iman Bui Bel rail - Woodbury. I.— Samuel Trull, Rodnej Mi I ollom, Ja ii Bii hards .— Rodm-v M,t',, ll Benjamin Fanliold, Jacob IF Richards. —Jacob IF 111, Inn, I., Janes F. Creag. John I >. . :: l*o,l J, , 1 1 , Daniel Camp- i' ncilbrick, John I.amson, Mlcah Lawi-nee. I; c,„ In. in, I ., ,,lain W ill., i, I ] ...]_., I Mi,,. I , amph.-ll 1841.— Robert B. c.„ him, i aptain Uillar.I I' 1842.— Robert B I 'nehl.in. Captain Willard limine, Fain, I 1 .impl.,-11. 1843.— Daniel Campbell, N. I i rombie, Join, Whipple 1S44.— Niniah i' • i - a ; l :,le,,, J, ,im I.,, in.,,,, 1846. — Ninian C. Crombio, Benjamin Fairfield, Jacob H, Richards b II. Richards, Ira Gage, John B. Warren ■ II 111. I ,■ •;- I: >.. . I, John II Wane,,. 1849— Ninian ' I roi Jo II , I'bilbri. 1, William Beard ilbrick, William Beard. lee. Benjamin Dodgi 2d) .. J. une. McCurdy. "i. id ,i. - Cristj .. i Dai ,.i. J..:,,. ■ I' [odd - - o ' Langdell 11 A - Full. [.I. H, \\ .11. a Lane i- ... Ninian C. Ci i I H 1851.— Ninian l 1852.— Willard Dods M rail , 1853.— Benjamin Fairll I B 1853.— Benjamin Fairfii Id, I:. I 1855 —Daniel Campbell, Com 1850.— George M -I, I ; M Shedd, F.eiu. 1838. — Benjamin Fletcher, Han 1859,-Daniel Campbell, Willi, l-i,o . — \\ illiam Bear,!, George W M, Fane, Stephen F. Biiriiham. 1 -i',l — Hubert It. Coehian, Stephen F Bio n Campbell. Benjamin ' olio IS'-o — Robert II c. lira. i, Daniel Campbell. Beniaiioli Colby. '•' • B ' liran, D , pbell, Benjamin Colby. -it !'• Co. I.ii.ii. B, i,|. mini li,„|e,.. Aim,, ii Lul'kin. 1866.— Robert B. Cochran, Benjamin Hodge, Alniou Lufkin. 1867.— Robert 11. Cochran, Stephen F. Biirnhain. Havel Barnard. l.M',8. -Benjamin Colby, David Barnaul, William Woodbury. ■i B. Cochran, William W Ibury, El bridge ( Colby l-7-c I.lbiidgei i oil,., John 51 Holt, Alfred M. Campbell. lsTF-Elbri.lge C. Colby, John M . Hull, Alfred M Campbell. 1872. John M IF, II, A 111. ,1 .M . Campbell, Vt illiam Urn.-. n M. Holt, Willis rne, George Langdell. 1874.— ■« illiam mil, . i. o I.aiie, 1,-11, 1 ... % i,l Mar.leh. 1*7.", — '• ge Langdell. David Mai, I. n. B, iijamin C lime 1 el .Maiden. B, in, .mi. , i dim, ... ,,,_,. [1. \\ ,1-,,,,. 1877.— David Marden, Benjamin I dbue, George IF Wilson. 1878.— David -Maiden. Benjami Ihue, Thomas B i ,„ hi.m. 1879.— David Maiden. Be I '-., ■,, . i ii, gidni i 1881.— Thomas I; Cochran Chai Ii Hi 1882.— Thomas R ran, Charles M 1883 Hired w . Bead. I harles 1 Dodge, John . William E. Andrew- I - UcCurdj 1885.— James M. i urdy. Henry Kelso, Charles Shedd. TOWN CLERKS. lTC-.o. Alexander .McCll, an . 17n- Til, \\ illiam Clark . 1777-85, John Cochran, Jr. ; 1785-92, J John Cochran, Esq. J 1796-98, Robert Clark; 1799, John Cochran ; 1800-1, Robert Clark; 1802 t, Gearj Whitine 1805-8 Luke Lincoln ; 1808-11, Gearj Whit ",- 1-1 14, Joseph Cochran, Jr. ; 1816, Robert Wason ; 1816-17, Ji I i i- . i. ! S19 - ■ Joseph I,- loan J, . 1824-29, John Dal- n.n 1830 .-. Am- W Teck-bury ; ls:tn-)2. Rodney McCollom ; 1843 45 John I' Cochran; 1844-48, June- lumforth : 184fl-ol, Waterman Bum 1-oJ To. I ge G. Fox; 1871-81, Clarence IF Hodge: F-s2->:>. BenjaminHall; 1884-85, i I i REPRESENTATIVES. 17,'.:;, — Jouall '.. ,. ' : . \\ illiam Mom were chosen ., .mil, i-t, November 8, 1774. ■ ho-cn delegate to Exeter, to choose ., delegate to represent tins province in a Continental Congress to be Indd in Philadelphia, May In, 177:,. lTi.7 'I I, ..,n.i- x\ i|..o a. ,- . In,., i, .i .[,l,-;,l, 1,, a -a,— held at Fx- eter, Maj I i 17i',8-i','.'-7n. — Benjamin Dodge, hosen representative in tin- assembly to be held at Fxeter, on tin- third \\ ,-, 1 1 n-, I a \ of December, 1771',. 1771-72. — Arehil, aid M, Milieu, eh,, sen r,-i,reseiitative in the General As-emblv h,,I,|. ii al F\, t, I. thud \A ednesday of December. 1777 177::. — An Inl ,' ' M II ;:. n. . li.-,ii ie|,iesentative in tin- convention i . , l 75 w ,,h. i ii i Stam it, -i FranceBtown, representative in the Gen- eral \ - mi.,-. ,i 1 v- 1, third Wednesday of December, 1778. 17711-77.- Lieutenant William Livingston, delegate to tin , .. i .a,. • i.i Septet -- - :7T" 177--7 '. — J.m - i aUuei: I- pi, -i illative m General A-selubly hold.-n at Exeter, third Wednesdaj in I imber, 1780. 17*11.— Jam, - ' , iiiv- in the General Assembly at Ex- eter, 17-1. I7sl-s2-s:;.— lleiijainiii Dodge, Archibald McMillen, William Starrett in. i i. un. .. ,l.iai I ,.,.!.. ,i...l N,„ Bo-ton and Fiancestovvn, being 1 a , ii. ■■ n ol ii,- la,- towns at a -pe, ml meet ' that purpose. 178-.I — Not anj J.-, .1, w ,i ., a deli -ai- n- He- convention t-, revise i, of New I Iain], -hire, hddeii at Con. or, I. Ilt-t \\ , ,l,i,--,lav i 1791. 1794-95.— Ninii 17... -.; x.-t any 1798.— Ninian Clark. 1799. — lam,- Caldwell. 1800-2.— Ninian (lark, Esq. I -" : I : . .plain I pi 1814-17.— Lieutenant William Dodgi D i ii Robert Wason. rosepb Cochran, Jr. l-l J-- -Be in 1 - 1827-28.— Samuel Trull. 18211-311.— Andrew Beard, t£L NEW BOSTON. lillf) 1831-34.— John Am I. 1S35-37.— H.'b.n .',„■!, r.ni 1 - ;,, ] :. ■ M i.» 1 1 1 1 1 1 I'l.n ln-I . lS40-41.-Asa McMillen. 1842-43.— Solomon Dodge, Jr. I. II l, 'bnei Hogg. 1846-47.— Daniel Campbell. 1848-49.— David Gage and Micah Lawrence. 1850-31.— John Lamson. 1852-53.— .1- ihl 1854.— Benjamin Fleti hi i IKiio-oC.— Samuel I.;im.nlelland Daniel Campbell, 1857.— Daniel Campbell. : mi H.i.lu.- I ill .m.l 1'. ii% Km Ii.u'.U. I860. John Aiin.uJ and James Danforth. 1S61.— James Danforth. 1862-63.— David Gregg 1864.— George Fox. 1865-66.— George M. Shedd. 1867-68.— Daniel Gr, J869-70.— Andrew J. Bennett. 1871.— Stephen F. Burnham. Samuel M. Christie. 1874.— Stephen V. Burnham. 1875-76.— George E. Cochran. 1877-78.— Alfred M. Campbell. IOLLEGES. ; William Wilaoi olle e, 1791 Cochran, Dartmouth College, 17! - , Natha 1 1 ai y, Dartmouth Col- 1 ige, 1 300 Bei 'I'll - i oi In [verattj . Rev. Robert Co, in. in. Brown 1 i-m & . Dartmouth College, 1812; Charles 1 Gove, Dartmoul .In. Ml, 1 airfield, Dart- mouth College, L825 ; Clark 11. lochran, I'nm College, 1839 ; Perley Dod i aion College, 1824; Re\ Hinuii Wason Amherst College, 1834; l.'.i Royal Parkinson, Dartmou i , ..11.-. . 1-1 2 w hi. ir S, McCurdy, Dartmouth 1 '"lien". IM'i; .!•"'■ .M Curdy, Dartm llth College, 1852 ; Amos B Hi"". Dartmouth College, \. il lln.", Dartmouth College, 1848; Lorenzo r. ml 111 1853 Rev. War- ren R. Cochran, Dartmouth .. 91 I .in li. Adams, Dartmouth College, 1859 ; w illiai artmouthCoIleg, , 1861 , Henry Marden, Dartmouth Colle Schools.— The facilit es of the early settlers for educating their children were very iraited until after the incorporation of the town. All the instruction was given by teachers hired by individuals, while those wh,. had the means sent their children to older towns, where public schools existed. In 1767 a small building erected by the town near the meeting-house was occasionally used for schools. Mr. Donovan, an Irishman and a school-teacher by profession, taught five months in 1776. Three year- pre\ ious to this date, in 1773, the town voted to raise twenty-four pounds, and the selectmen were to divide il as they thought proper. It appeals thai a teacher was employed a few mouths in different parts of the town. The follow- ing year the same amount was raised, and an arrange- ment had been entered into by the inhabitants volun- tarily dividing the money equally between the five districts. In 1788 the town voted to hire a grammar school- master, with as little expense as possible, the school- master to be examined by the following gentlemen : Rev. Solomon Moor, Dr. Jonathan Gove and William Clark, as regards his ipuilifieations as teacher of the and mathematics ; and it was voted thai this teacher keep an equal time in the five districts. In 1792, Ninian ('lark, Matthew Fairfield, Solomon Dodge, James Caldwell and John Cochran were ap- pointed a committee to re-district the town, which they proceeded to .1.,, making eleven districts. Altera time other changes took place; in u dis- tricts were formed until there wen- eighteen. No further changes w .'I.' made until 1856, when twodis- tricts n.'ai the centre of the town, including the two villages, united in luiildinu a spurious and substantia] house in the Lower village, and adopted the graded system. Since that time other districts have built new houses and, with but few exceptions, none of the old ones remain to disgrace the town. The school system should undergo a radical change. The aver- age uumber of scholars in each district is five and two-tenths, and at the present rate of decrease in the population in a few years some of the outside schools will be devoid of scholars. It is evident that the town, in order to expend the money raised for the support of the schools judi- ciously and profitably, should either reduce the num- ber of districts one-half or adopt the town system, which would be preferable. BIOGRA PHI0A L SKETCHES. ELBEIDGE WASON. There is a tradition that years and years ago sonic old Vikings came from Norway to the north of Scot- land, and conquering in battle, gave the name of Wason field to the plane where the battle w.i- fought, which name it retains to this day. Later on, history tells of Wasons among the Scotch Covenanters, driven from their homes into the north of Ireland. The first authentic history of this particular branch is that James Wason, who was born in the parish of Ballymanus, County of Antrim, Ireland, in the year 1711, came to this country with his brother Thomas in 1736, and was married the sum,- year, at Portsmouth, X. II., to Hannah Caldwell, from the same place. To them were born sons and daughters, -ran.!- children and great-grandchildren, till the name was known in many places in New England. In 1781, Robert Wason, grandson of James, was born at Nottingham West (now Hudson), N. H., and went ill 1803 to live in New Boston, N. II. (on lot N... 30, mar Joe English Hill), with his uncle, Robert Boyd. Ee was married, in 1808, to Nancy Bachelder, of Mont Vernon, and they had a family of linn children. Elbridge Wason was the oldest of them, and faith- fully served both as son and elder brother. His ad- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY", NEW HAMPSHIRE. vantages of school were about the av< 'rage of the NY\\ England farmer-boy, supplemented by a few terms at an academy, and afterwards as a teacher. He came to Boston March 8, 1832, and entered as clerk in the employ of Pierce & Cooilnow, whole- sale grocers, 29 South Market Street. September 1. 1837, he entered into business in Boston with Henry Peirce, of Lowell, under the firm- name of Wason & Peirce, wholesale grocers; a few- years later the firm-name was changed to Wason, Peirce & Co., and has thus remained until the present time, and is one of the oldest firms itt the city. The present partners are Elbridge Wason, Henry Peirce and Robert Boyd Wason, a brother of Elbridge. Their success in business has been due to strict integ- rity and promptness in all business relations. Mr. Wason has been twice married. — his first wife, Mary Stickney, daughter of Samuel Stickney. of Lyndeborough, N. 11.. and his second wife, Mary Isabella, daughter of Hon. Leonard ( 'base, of Milford, X. H. They have two children, — .Mary Isabel! Wason and Leonard Chase Wason. Their home is in Brookline, Mass.. and here they obey the Scripture injunction, " Much given to hos- pitality." Throughout his busy life Mr. Wason has ever re- tained a fondness for his old home among the hills, and very often has he gone there for a change and rest lrom business. He is always interested in the prosperity of the place. A few years ago he gave to the town of New Boston a lot of land adjoining the ceme- tery, to enlarge the burial-ground, as a memorial to his father and mother. It has since been embellished by art; but nature has done her utmost to render it one of the most beautiful [daces where " He giveth UN belo\ ed sleep." KEY. EPHEAIM P. BRADFORD.' Rev. Ephraim P. Bradford, son of Captain John 1!. Bradford, of Milford, afterwards of Hancock, N. H., was born December 27,1776. He graduated at Harvard College at the age of twenty -seven ; studied theology with the honored and celebrated Dr. Lathrop, of West Springfield, Mass.; was licensed to preach at the same place in 1804. At this date the Presbyterian Church of New Boston, .V 11., was without a pastor, its former and onlj pastor, Rev. Solomon Moor, having died May 2.s, lsii:i. at the age of sixty-seven, after a ministry of over thirty-four years. They were seeking for a me to become their pastor. By some means, which do not now* appear, thej had heard of Mr. Bradford, and sent for him to come and supply their pulpit as a candidate for settlement. After preaching for them for four or five months, and making a very favorable impression 1 M"-t of tiiis sketch haa i n glea 1 From '.*■ * E C. Coggswe ii," published in 18G4, on the minds of the people, by a vote of the town, he was cordially invited to become their settled pastor, at a salary of four hundred dollars per annum, with an additional sum of four hundred dollars as a "set- tlement benefit." To become the successor of the venerable and popular Rev. Mr. Moor was, in the mind of Mr. Bradford, no small undertaking. But the cordiality anil unanimity of the call made such a favorable im- pression on his mind that, alter two or three weeks of earnest and prayerful consideration, he decided to accept. His ordination and installation occurred on February 26, 1806. This was an event which, at that early period, awakened a widespread interest. It was attended with most solemn and imposing ceremonies. Besides the regular council of Presbyterian ministers, it was decided to invite six Congregational clergymen from the adjacent towns to join the Presbytery as council; and the town, by a kind of independent action, and with a pleasing magnanimity, voted to invite nil the neighboring ministers to be present. The Lev. Jesse Appleton, of Hamilton, N. II., after- wards president of Bowdoin College, was invited to preach the ordination sermon. His text was 1 Cor. i. 20: "Now I beseech you, brethren, by the name of our Lord .lesus Christ, that ye all speak tin same tiling, ami that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind and the same judgment." The assembly on this occasion was very large ; the services were deeply impressive, and worthy of the men and of the event. Nothing was wanting on the part of the town to render the ordination of their chosen pastor profitable and imposing. They planned liberally and executed magnanimously. The 26th of February was cherished by that generation as the most delightful event of their lives. Rev. Mr. Coggswell, the historian of the town, says ot Mr. Bradford as follows: "To prepare himself more effectually to labor for the good of his people, be purchased a small farm upon one of the loftiest hills ot New Boston, now known as the ' Bradford I lill.' w hence he could survey vast regions of country, anil witness such glorious risings and settings of the sun as ate seen from but tew localities. Here he provided a home, and, on September 1, 1806, was married to Miss Mary Manning, daughter of Deacon Ephraim Barker, of Amherst, N. II.. with whom he lived for nearly forty years, greatly given to hospi- tality, with a growing family, loving his people and loved by them in return." His ministerial labors were highly appreciated and wire profitable to his parishioners. The church, from time to time, received large accessions to its member- ship. In 1815 forty were added, and in 1826 thirty more were received. During 1831 and onward, for three or four years in succession, a very widespread revival interest prevailed, when nearly one hundred were added to the church. It was during Mr. Brad- ford's efficient ministry, and largely through his zeal C /isztyr /5^^_ V^ AJ^o^wz^Op NEW BOSTON. 007 ;uk1 untiring efforts, that, in 1S23, the old, incon- venient and dilapidated meeting-house was abandoned, and a new one was erected, which still stands (1885) as the majestic monument of the skill and liberality Of the New Boston people who lived sixty years ago. It was dedicated on Christmas day, 1823. The con- gregation filled the house to its utmost capacity, and listened to an appropriate and talented discourse, delivered by their own pastor, whom the proprietors had selected for the occasion. His text was 2 Chron. vi. 41 : " Now therefore arise, O Lord ( rod, into Thy resting-place, Thou and the Ark of Thy strength; let Thy priests, () Lord God, be clothed with Salvation and let Thy saints rejoice ill goodness." For elegance of style and finish, and for expensive- ness, this house was equal to any structure of a similar kind in the State. It is even to-day, after standing for more than sixty years without essential repairs, one of the grandest and most imposing public build- ings of the county. It is a little singular that, after suffering very much from the cold in the old house, they should not have provided for wanning this new and beautiful one. Yet they continued to worship, winter alter winter, without any lire in the church, except what was brought in the old-style foot-stoves, until 1835, twelve years alter the house was dedicated From this new pulpit Mr. Bradford proclaimed the gospel truth unto the people for almost twenty-two years, making an aggregate ministry in both houses of worship of nearly forty years. During all this period, so uniform and robust was his health that his public services were not inter- rupted for more than tour or five Sabbaths. In the early part of 1845, however, he suit, red a severe illness, from which he only partially recovered, when, taking a severe cold, he suddenly died of croup, on December 14, 1845, aged sixty-nine, greatly la- mented by old and young throughout thewhole town. Rev. Dr. Whitton, in speaking of Mr. Bradford, says,— "After his settlement in the ministry he rapidly rose into distinction. Few men in the State were equally acceptable in the desk. In the contro- versy relative to Dartmouth College, from 1815 to 1819, he was one of a committee of three appointed by the Legislature to investigate its condition. A vacancy occurring in the presidency of the college, his was among the names before the public as candi- date- tor the office." In the town history, Mr. Coggswell says of Mr. Bradford— "He had a commanding person, a rich voice, combined with a high order of intellect and great suavity of manners. He had the faculty of making people/eel well and to believe that he highly esteemed them. And his love lor them begat love toward himself. Every crumb of bread was sweet, wherever among his people it might be eaten, and every home and every locality was pleasant and at- tractive. Thus he was welcomed at every door by gladde 1 heart-. Mr. Bradford was a fine classical scholar, and had read much, so that in conversation he was aide to draw from rich and abundant .-tores, which a retentive memory always commanded. His fund of wit and anecdotes, of classic and historical allusions, seemed never exhausted. Able readil) to read character and motives, he seemed always pre- pared for all occasions and to meet all persons, knowing how to order hi- conversation aright." Rev. Mr. Aiken, late of Park Strei I ( him h. Boston, remarks, — "Mr. Bradford was literally one of nature's noblemen; of princely person, with a sonorous, commanding voice, exceedingly fluent and accurate in speech, modeled somewhat after Johnson's style,.--, richly gifted in mind and heart that, with little preparation for his Sabbath services, he stood among the first preachers of the State." It is not strange the people of New Boston became proud of their minister, since he gave character to them and distinction to the town. Mr. Bradford was greatly aided in his ministry by his very estimable wife, whose good sense and holy influence never failed in lie family circle. She relieved him of all care tor the interior of the house and also of much anxiety for that which was without. She manifestly excelled in her calm and dignified deportment, in her patient endurance of hardship, in her carefulness of her household, and of the happi- ness of her husband and his success as a mil Christ. With such a helpmeet, Mr. Bradford could not fail to be happy in his home ; and it was here, as well as among his people, that he found incentives to piety and consecration to hi- Master's service. < »f Mr. Bradford's children,— eight sonsand four daughters, all lived to grow up except two, -one son and one .laughter. The family now (1885) are all gone down to the grave except three. — a son ami daughter residing in Milwaukee, Wis., and one daughter, seventy two year- of age, living still in New Boston, the wife of Waterman Burr, Esq., who for manj years fill and popular merchant of the town. The perpetuity of American institutions and a re- publican form of government depend not ii] the strength of armies, might} corporations or the wealth of millionaires, but upon the unpretending individ- uals who. with steady persistency and industrious labor, have commenced life in humble circumstances, with all the disadvantages of limited education, and by perseverance, economy and long years of toil, both of brain and hand-, have conquered all obstacles, and as a reward of their honest exertions, temperate hab- its and a devotion to law and order, has. acquired a competency of wealth and an honorable position in the e. immunity. Nowhere in America is this class more numerous than in New England, and no people understand better the deep meaning of the couplet : HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The farmer on his few sterile acres, the artisan and manufacturer in their work-shops, the great masters of finance and railroad kings, and the legislators in the halls of Congress, all stand mi the plane of equality, and the life of one, as well as the other, may point a moral or teach a valuable lesson to coming genera- tions. A little more than sixty years ago, in the spring of 1824, Luke, son of David and Ellen (Giddings) Smith, at that time twenty years old, having been horn December 29, 1804, at Acworth, N. H., left his father's home, carrying a small bundle con- taining all his worldly possessions, to go to Boston, there to find employment. His father was a farmer, and Luke's school advantages were limited; but by his many years' work on the farm he had acquired vigor of health, habits of diligence and frugality that were of practical use to him in after-life, lie found work at brick-making for the summer, then returned home and was employed in a saw-mill tor the winter, re- ceiving eight dollars per month. The next spring he went to Utica, N. Y.. then a small village, for the j summer, but again passed his winter in the hard la- bor of the saw-mill. Returning to Boston, he learned the trade of a nailer, and worked diligently I.., him years, and with his strictly temperate and fru- gal habits was enabled to save some money. In June, 1831, Mr. Smith removed to Hillsborough, where his lather was at that time residing, purchased a farm, became a resilient of Hillsborough, where he lived two years. Here he married, June 16, 1831, Wealthy, daughter of Deacon .lames and Susan (Senter) Eyres. Mr. Smith interested himself in affairs of the town, and being strong, vigorous, of line presence and mili- tary hearing, he was made lieutenant of the militia, which position he resigned when leaving Hillsbor- ough for New Boston. On coming io New Boston, in 1835, he purchased a saw, grist, shingle and clapboard- mill.whichheconducted for eighteen years successfully and was one of the prominent manufacturers and business men of the town, besides owning considerable real estate. After so main long years of patient, dili- gent and efficient labor, he disposed of his mill and farm, and devoted a season to recreation, and traveled through Ohio, Michigan and other Western States gaming much enjoyment as well as information from his journey. After his return to New Hampshire, on account ofhis wile's delicate health, in 1854, he purchased the place in Milford where lie now resides. Mrs. Smith died duly 5, 1859. Their children were Wealthy (died aged six years), George L., Mark J., and Charles II. Y. Mr. Smith married, January 4, I860, hi- second wife, Mrs. Sarah G. Sargent, daugh- ter of Issachar and Mindwell (Sillsliy) Mayo, of Lempster. Mr. Smith has been a man of unwearied industry. He was trained to work when a boy, and has never been too proud to work, even during his days of prosperity. Through many long years he lias been a worker, a producer, and not a mere consumer. And he has taught his children to walk in the same steps. He holds the old-school principles, such doctrines as wen- established and current in the periods of his early manhood, for men rarely change their views after they pass the boundary of middle life. So- cially, he is plain and unpretending, a kind hus- band and father, a good neighbor and a worthy citizen. Politically, Mr. Smith has ever re- mained true to those old Democratic ideas of Jeffer- son and Jackson. Religiously, he holds to the Bible and rests his hopes on it. His theological views are best expressed by his life, — in deeds, not words. He has been a member id' the Baptist Church at New- Boston for many years, having never removed his membership to Milford; but he has given generously to the churches ofhis chosen faith of both places, es- pecially to the latter, which has received fifteen hundred dollars. HON. GEORGE I.. SMITH. Hon. George Luke Smith, a worthy of estimable parents. Luke and Wealthy (Eyres) Smith, was born in New Boston, N. II., December 11, 1837. He gave early tokens that he was possessed of an active, keen and inquiring mind. He had a ready and retentive memory, a fondness for hooks, and, his father's means justifying it, he hail the advantage of a liberal education. He was fitted for college at San- bornton, and entered Union College, N. Y., then in charge of that veteran teacher. Dr. Eliphalct Nott, and from which he was graduated. At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, in 1861, he went South, having engaged to furnish forageforthe cavalry. George L. Smith was a young man of energetii business characteristics, and genial, social disposition, which made him many friends among the officers and other hading men. His venture was a financial suc- cess, and when, at the close of the war, having a large am. hi f supplies on his hands, he opened a store at New Orleans, and largely increased his business asso- ciations, he was further prospered, and afterwards had a large commercial establishment at Hot Springs, Ark., wdiere his death occurred July 9, 1884, in the prime of business life and an important political career, in which he had already won high In is. Cool, clear-headed, wide-awake, positive, energetic and straightforward, he was elected to represent his district in the Lower House of Congress in 1875, where he served with marked ability, and was re- elected by a very complimentary vote, but under the program in e of the Haves administration was deprived ofhis seat. In acknowledgment ofhis popularity and executive powers, President Hayes appointed him collector of the port al New Orleans. That office, under his administration, was conducted on business principles and for the best interests of the country. M «R^* 14- /- . ) . / '. ZP/7^r-Zs7^JLlsL- NEW BOSTON. Faithful in duty, untiring in effort, earnest and loyal in his political convictions and attachments, of a generous, kindly and courteous disposition, he leaves a record of a fine character and of work well done, and had his life been spared, he would have made a strong impress on his country's history, both in a political and financial sphere. His body was brought to New Hampshire, and lies beside his mother, in the cemetery at Milford. A leading Southwestern journal gave him this notice at the time of his death. "Hon. George L. Smith was at one time prominent in political affairs in Louisiana, being a member of the Legislature in 1868, and afterwards twice elected to Congress from that State, and in 1879 was ap- pointed collector of the port of New < Weans. He was also offered a foreign mission by President Hayes. He was a man of wealth and shrewdness, and held in high esteem by those who knew him best." NINIAN CLARK CROMBIE. The subject of this sketch was horn in New Boston, N. H., January 20, 1801. The family was of Scotch origin, having all the marks id' vigor, strength and activity peculiar to that race. This side the water the record is as follows: 1. John Crombie. He came from the Scotch coun- ties in the north of Ireland and settled in London- derry, N. H., in 1720. He married Joan Rankin, November 17, 1721, and had a large family. Was one of the few honored with a notice in the "Genea- logical Sketches" by the early historian of London- derry, N. H. 2. James Crombie, son of John and Joan (Rankin) Crombie. He married Jane, daughter of Robert Clark, of Londonderry, and lived in that town till 1 7S: 1 !. when he moved to New Boston and settled on one of the best farms in that town. Was shoemaker, currier, tanner, farmer and mechanic, and was a man of great activity, generous, high-minded and of great wit and cheerfulness and Christian zeal. Lied Janu- ary 7, 1314. 3. John Crombie, son of James and Jane (Clark) Crombie. He was born in Londonderry, July 30, 1770. He married his cousin, Lydia Clark, daughter of Ninian Clark, Esq., of note in the early history of New Boston. John Crombie lived with his father on the homestead, and died there April 4, 1839. Was a master mechanic and builder. He built many of the best churches erected in Southern New Hampshire in his day. His pastor wrote of him a- being a man of remarkable common sense, sound judgment and well- stored and discriminating mind; as being a noted referee and peacemaker ; generous to the poor and a giver to every good object ; and a Christian, straight- forward and devoted to the last. Ninian 4 Clark Crombie, son of John and Lydia (Clark) Crombie, passed his boyhood in New Boston. He had. in addition to the common school, the advan- tage of studying with an uncle (a clergyman) in Princeton, Mass., a year. He was one of the leading men in New Boston for nearly half a century, one of those practical and efficient men that so much help and honor our country towns. He held neat!) all tin' town offices from time to time, was guardian of the orphan, counselor of the widow, executor of wills, administrator of estates and frequent referee where sound and impartial judgment was required. He was a man solidly honest, was faithful in every place and every decision was marked by good judgment. He was well informed in public affairs and was a positive character therein: in social life, a genial, wittj and attractive man, and a good neighbor. He was a liberal supporter of the institutions of the gospel and a constant attendant at public worship until pre- vented by bis last sickness. He lived the life of an humble Christian, though, from distrust of his own piety, he had not made a public profession of religion. He bore with great patience the long and distressing illness which closed bis life, March 14, 1880. His end was peace. — one of the quiet, faithful live- that will some time be counted great. October 20, 1829, -Mr. Crombie married Rebecca I 'at i ei i. daughter of Captain Samuel Patten, of ] terry, N. H., who still survives, -a worthy companion and a most excellent and benevolent Christian woman, spending the evening of life amid the love and respect of the whole community. Of the children by this union, only three are living, — Nannie Moor, who married Henry N. Hall, of Manchester, N. H., and has two children, — Hattie James and Rebecca Clark. John Clark' 5 , who lives in Elko, Nev., married Maria E. Lee, of Toronto, Canada, and litis one child. Rebecca Patten. Moses ' Colvard, married Carrie E. Bell, of Frances- town, N. II., and has no children. They live in New- Boston. The children win. died were Samuel Patten l 1st l, Mary Eliza"', Samuel Patten I I'd , Hattie Rebecca and James Patten. 5 HISTORY OF NEW IPSWICH. CHAPTER I. NEW IPSWICH Geographical— Original tirant— The Grant of 1750— Incorporation ol the Town— The Charter of L762, Ipswich— The Charter of 1766, Xs» Ips- wich—The First Si'tll.'iu.-nts— Names of Pioneers— In.lian Alarms — The Pioneer Mills— Early Votes— Tax-List of 1763— The Firs! Town- M.ftnig— offir.-1-s Kh-rt.-.l— \..tw— Tax-List of 1774. The town of New rpswich lies in the southwestern corner of the county, and is bounded as follows : On the north by Sharon and Temple, on the east by Greenville and Mason, and on the south and west by Cheshire County. The township was granted by the government of the Massachusetts Bay, in 1.736, to some inhabitants of Ipswich, in that province, as surveyed by Jonas Houghton. The settlement of the province bounda- ries in 1741 severed a small portion of the Massachu- setts grant from the township. The Masonian pro- prietors' claim, being confirmed in 174~>, annulled the aforesaid grant; but the proprietors under it, with others, applied to Colonel Joseph Blanchard, agent for said Masonian proprietors, and succeeded in pro- curing a grant from them at a small expense, said grant being dated April 17, 1750. This grant varied somewhat from the former, but covered much of the same territory. At a meeting of the proprietors. July 5, 1762, it " Y\ tho ii. : ..I New [pswieh, lying on a loanoli ol the Soulieean Ko.r, l,e1\\een \,, I and ltowley Canada tso called), have humbly petitioned and requested that they may he erec- ted and incorporate, 1 into . i Town, lop and lilt] ale liise'l with llie same power and privileges which other Town., within our said Province have and enjoy ; and it appearing unto u. to be conducive to the general good 610 <-f "in .said Province, a- well as of the Inhabitants in particular, by maintaining good ord) \ and incouraging the culture of the land, that the same should be done;— Know ye therefore, thai We, of our special grace, certain knowledge, ami tor tin- encouragement an. I promoting the good purposes and ends aforesaid, —by and with the advice of our truly and well beloved Benniug \\ entworth, K$qr., our Covernuur and Com- mander in Chief, and of our Council for.-viid Province of\.-w Hampshire, —have enacted ami ordained, and by these Presents, for us, our heir? and >ii 1 '" -.'i-, 1 1. 1 will aii'l ordain, that the Inhabitants of the tract of Land ftfon -.ill. .up] others Who -ball [nh&bil and improve thereon hen-after, the Bame being butted and bounded as follows, viz. : Beg b ata whit- pine tro b I _ i 1 - wuthw it corner of the Town of Wilton ; tli-nee riinnin- w -t -i\ mil.'d , t ) ■ ■ ■ x i • e running south t" tin- 1'iovinee line, liv.- mile- : thence MX mile* east upon the Province line; thence running north five miles l" the bounds first mentioned, — Be, and hereby are declared and ordained t" b<- a Town Corporate, and are heivb. erect. -d and incorporated intoabodj politick and corporate, to have continuance until the first day of January, 1766, by the nam.' of Ipswich, with all the powers and authorities, privileges, immunities and franchises which any other Tow M in said Province by law have and en- joy, to said Inhabitants, or who shall hen-after inhabit, tin-it ,-.u. . ■■■ for said Town. Always reserving to us, onr heirs and successors, all White Pine Trees that are or shall be found growing on the said tract of Land fit fur the use of our Navy. Reserving also to us, our heirs and suci ■e.-i-oi'.-, t hi- power and i i-ht of dividing said Tow n when it shall ap- ,md convenient tor 1 lit* inhabitants thereof. - /■■ wided, nevertheless, and it i- lierehj declared that this Charter .ind Grant is d< I intended, and shall no) in any mannei be . in-imel, t.. "\t"iid to m alb-, t the private property ot tie- soil within the limits afore- said. And as the several Tow Us within oui said Province ;u.. bv l:i\\- thereof enabled and authorized to assemble, and b.\ tbemajontj ol the vo- ters present to choose all such officers and transact such affaire as in Lawfi art? ii--' la led, we >|o by Mi--..- I '[.-"ills nominate and appoint Keuben Kid- iI-t, lis, 1 1 , in rail the first meeting ot siiiii Inhabitants, tube held within said Town, at any time within forty days fn.m the date here. -f, giving le^al uotie.' ..( lb.- time a ud doi^ii ot iiolding -mil meeting ; after which the Annual im-eling of said Town -.hall be held for the ch->.. ■ officers and the purposes aforesaid, on the second Monday in March an- "In Testimony whereof, we have caused the Seal of our Bald Province to be hereunto affixed. Witness, Banning Wentwortb, Esqr., our Gov- ernoui and Commander in Chief of our said Province, the ninth day of September, in the second year of our Reign, Anno Domini, 1762. "Benning Went worth. "By His lA.eileiicy's command, bv a. Kit" of Council. "Theodore Atkinson." The town was chartered as [pswich, and was to have continuance until January 1, 1766. Another act of incorporation was ^ranteW March 6, 1766, by the same authority, " to have Continuance during Our Pleasure by the Name of New [pswich." The hist permanent settlement of the town was made in 1738 by Abijah Foster, who. with his wife and daughter, Mary, then one year old, came from Old rpswich. His son, Ebenezer, was the first white- male child born in the town. Roth lather ami son NEW IPSWICH. Gil were in the French War, and died Dear I Irown Point in 1759. Jonas Woolson was one of the five earliest settlers, and is said to have been here in 1739, and to have worked about three summers on his land in company with Benjamin Hoar, Jr., returning to Littleton dur- ing the winter, it i> supposed they .both removed their families lure in 1742, soon after his marriage. He is mentioned as one of the resident grantees un- der the Masonian charter. 11 is name is often noticed in the proprietors' and town records, under both of which he was often appointed to importanl offices. His farm was located on the east side of the river, on "Town Hill." It was occupied by him and his de- scendants for seventy years. Mr. Woolson was at the taking of Burgoyne, where he lost a valuable horse. About the same time (1739) came Benjamin Hoar and Moses Tinker. Mr. Eoar was from Littleton, and came from Townsend by marked trees, before any path had been cleared. He settled on the lot below Woolson, near the river, near where the first bridge was built and still continues. He was a blacksmith and also kept a public-house, and was a very useful citizen. He was the third settler, and hi> wife the Becond woman in town. Captain Tinker settled on the west side of the river, cornering on Mr. Hoar. and his house stood on the side of the hill near the corner where the roads going to the river divide, the farm long owned and occupied by Judge Champ- ney. He also subsequently owned, and probably occupied, a farm on the Town Hill, on the eastern line of the town, as we learn from the record of the laying out of a road to .Mason Iineinl765 on said Chandler's land ... to the corner of his lott, then on the north end of his other lot to ( laptain Moses Tucker's end line of his lott to the town line," etc. Along this old "country road," then, on either side of the river, was the first neighborhood gathered. The Bullards, Ebenezer and John, next followed, and settled on the Town Hill. In the records of tin- town of Groton is recorded the marriage ol ' Jo-eph Stevens, of New Ipswich, to Elizabeth Sawtell, No- vember in, 174:>, showing that he, too, was at that time a resident in the town. He setl led on the Wil- son Hill. Some of the Adams' and other young men, both married and single, came in, 80 that in 174"> there were a dozen or more inhabited houses in the town. This, to be sure, was not making any great ad- vance towards a settlement, — far less than the terms of the grant required. The inherent difficulties in effecting a new settlement are always great, especially when remote from others. But in this instance, be- fore the five years' probation allowed them for set- tling their lots had expired, the energy of the pro- prietors had been paralyzed by the running of the province line in 1741, and by the consequent loss of their rights under the Ma~-.ichu-.eti- jraut ; and those i\-w settlers who persevered in clearing and occupying their lands must have done so under the discouraging con-cioii-ne.— ihat they held them by no valid titles. But a still more serious obstacle soon interposed, which, for a time, entirely suspended further opera- tions. This was the breaking out of the French and Indian War, in 1741. which spread consternation throughout all the feebler settlements, as well a.s in the older country towns. The Indians soon made descents from Canada, spreading terror and devas- tation as they went, and the principal towns to the north and west were attacked. The inhabitants id the neighboring towns either received garrisons for their defense or tied to stronger places for refuge. The settlers here, however, seem to have maintained their ground until an actual incursion upon our verj borders. In the summer of 1748 a descent ot a body of Indians, about eighty in number, i M, he settlement of Mr. John Fitch, which wag located in what was then Lunenburg, and near the south part of the present town of Ashby. He, with his wife and five children and three soldi pied a garrisoned house. They were attacked one morning when two of the soldiers happened to be ali-cnt, one of whom was killed in attempting to return. After a gallant defense, and the loss of the soldier with him, he surrendered, and with his wife and children was carried to Canada. There was a block-house in Townsend, at the foot of the hill, above the West village, which still bears tie name of Battery Hill, on the south road, not far from the southeast corner of New Ipswich. To this place tin- inhabitant- now tied lor protection, with their families and valuables, with one exception. Captain Tucker boldly resolved to remain and make such defense as he could, or otherwise take his fate; and he did so. It i- probable, however, that his family accompanied the fugitive-. In the coursi of a mouth or two their fears were allayed by the re- port of the scouts which had been sent out, that the Indian- had retired beyond the Connecticut River; and they returned to their deserted homes. Captain 'linker was found safe. They also found that their meeting-house had been burnt ; but whether by the Indian- or by fire from the burning forests was uncer- tain. It was probably by the latter, howi Indians would not have been likely to destroy the meeting-house alone, while they left the private dwell- ings unmol The inhabitants of this town seem never afterwards to have been seriously alarmed on account of the Indian-, though some of the neighboring towns were led to feel the to m. In 1750 Peter- borough petitioned lor a block-house and soldier-, pleading their great danger and exposure. Even as bite as January. 1755, when the Indians ra burnt the towns on the < lonnecticut River, the people of [pswich Canada (Wiuchendon) .-ailed for aid. 012 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. stating that Indians were about, and they could not cultivate their fields, so that they were dependent on Lunenburg, Lancaster and Groton for food. Nor were their tears groundless, for traces of the visi- tation of savages wire detected near at hand by the scouts. But such was the rapid progress then being made in this town that the settlers felt themselves in com- parative security ; and when, at the proprietors' meet- ing, in January, 17">7, the question was put whether "the Proprietors will build a lint or forts in this town- ship," it was voted " not to build any forts in this town- ship;" and again, whether they "will repair Mr. Adams' flankers in order for defense against the enemy," it was voted in the negative. This is the only intimation we have that any means <>f defense against the Indians were ever adopted in this town. These "flankers" were a sort of breast-work of logs and stakes, extending outwards and inwards from the angles of the house, with a port-hole at the point of meeting. Douglass, who wrote in 1 7 4 S , says, indeed, thai More were two block-houses ill New Ipswich. Mr. Adams' house might have been one of those to which he alludes and Captain Tucker's another. It i^ probable that our forefathers were indebted for their immunity from Indian intrusions to the moun- tain barrier on the west. This opposed a serious obstacle to a ready retreat with plunder; and hence we hud it to have been the custom of the savages to confine themselves, in all their predatory incursions, to the principal water-courses and low lands. 1 The first meeting of the proprietors was held in Dunstable April Hi, 1749. At the next meeting, how ever, it was ■' Voted, ttiat all meel \\>>i~ -tin 1 1 u t,:,],| ,i \,.\\ l|,-\w, h (",„■ t tie futur ; lint !li;it tin- owners of tor sln-ats shall lie stiffi r if II t tn re.|ne-| nmtiiij. tor Mi* time to com, anil that uotiricatioiis liein^ posted up at New Ijib- ■vieli, Olti I)is\vieli ami liiuislal.tr staill Thomas Dennis. Francis Choate, Nathaniel Smith and William Peters, who had been proprietors under the Massachusetts grant, were admitted as proprietors. The first saw -mill was built in 1750 and the first corn-mill in 1751, by John (handler. March 21, 1753, " Voted that Reuben Kidder, Ephraim Adams and Benjamin Hoar to he a Com- mittee to take care of the prudentials of this place; also to layout a Burying-place, and clear some their." February 27. 1754, " Votedto give Joseph Kidder, at tic rate of twelve pounds an acre, for clearing his html at the North West corner of his lott, to lie lor a common, after three years and a halfe from the date hereof." The same vote wits passed in relation to the southwest corner of Joseph Bates' lot, and ten acres wards laid out "ailjoyning to the meeting- house, agreeable to y e grant of y" same." The westerly part of the lot then laid out was sub- 1 History nf New Ipswich. sec|Uently exchanged with Mr. Farrar for land "under and about wdiere the meeting-house" afterwards stood. November 26, l754,"Voted that four neat cattle shall stock a Right till such time as it shall be thought proper to alter this vote." August 25, 17o7, " Voted that Timothy Heald shall draw out of the Treasury forty-live pounds, old tenor, for keeping Phinehas Goodale and carrying him to Townsend." The following is the tax list of 1763: MINISTER'S RATE FOB THE YEAH 1763, Captain Benjamin Hoar 1» 8 in i' a ' Is 1 4 J ii "11 4 , ,n - ,„„,„ | ,„„.,„.,- Robert Campbell 4 3 1 2 6 3 •J 4 8 1 ]., - „ - 11 - (1 ' ' ' ' 1 li 3 Thomas S|iauMiu g 2 7 " 1 ii 4 14 1 Captain tfosee Tucker James French 11 3 in I 1 n ii i ' ' ' „ , 1Q Deacon Benjamin Adams li.-aiiiii F,|.liiaim Adams 6 19 ii Petei Fleti he] ■ :; i: 7 7 7 Barnabas Davis 5 3 6 2 16 8 2 U w nt .Mail Foster 3 3 9 4 l' ■• 1 \ 1 i In H- Farrar IS '1 Reuben Kidder, Eeq 16 13 10 5 1 3 4 11 in osworth .. u 10 NEW IPSWICH. Audrew Spnuldiii.j, . . . . Josiah Crosby Moses Tucker, Jr Thomas Fletcher Francis Fletcher William McClary Wido. Catherine McClary . Daniel Mi Clarj . . Aaron Kidder w iiiiiiin Brov, a Benjamin Cutter . Silas Parker . . . Leonard Parker . Sn .11 Wright . Thomas Brown . . William Spear . . Nathaniel Carleton Amos Taylor. . . Reuben Taylor . . Robi 11 Crosbj John Preston Ichabod Bow Asa Bollard . . . Joseph Richardson (;;.-.. i e. II. w. ir . 3il - Ruf i 11 Zachariah Emery Zachariah Adanis . Samuel Foster . - Joseph Parkei JobnMcIntosh . . rllm- t . ■ v. 11- tin-- l"i the future the Constable mot.. at the Mill and tlie most puMi. II. him- hi town. " I,,/,, l .,..i t.. pay tli.. Select men. " Cod i ii. .i t.. e\a. t the ti i i.i. "t Bates foi In- m stable fur said year." II.. had been regularly chosen, but refused to serve this year. 1770,— " HTiet-eu»sundr\ Iiei-.n- I..M 1 1 -.It., sell spirituous liquors in llu- t..w II, i\li. li.iw n. .1 h.i.l tin- we think has a bad Tendency, and Town ; "Voted, thatthe Town Clerk, in behalf ol the Town, prefel ■ Petition I,, ll,,. I ,„nt ,,! iiiiart.-i- Sessions, that ,„, person for the future be lie. used but what have the Approbat ol the Sel a, " Voted, that Cmmi-sion- ,1' profit and t'ai ultys ami 1 he Kilted by the Selectmen lid . .r.liliy t.. their supposed pi, .tits,' In 1770 an article was inserted in the warrant for town-meetin«-, a s follows : the He prop,., Wid° Mary Brown 14 Total, £436 10s. 8&-4200 nearly. "The above is a copy of the Ministers Hate fortheyear 1763 — the assessment was on silver al £2 5s. pei dollar, asthej were sel oi valued in the Massa. busetta Provinces, in the currency of the said Province, by reason that our contrail with y'Kev. Mr. Stephen Farrar was for Silver as aforesaid. "TlMOTHJ IlKAI.,., V First Town-Meeting, — The first town-meeting was held September 13, 17(52, as follows: "At the first Town-,, lectins held at Ipswich, in New Hampshire, by Veirtue of a c'haitei -of [ncorporation held in said Ipswich. "Capt. ,i.,m i~ w ..mIs.iii chosen Moderator of said eting. "M BTucker.In John Preston and Robert Crosby chosen Select- "Ebenezer Dullard chosen i onstable. "I. habod How- and Thomas Il.-ald chosen a Committee to examine the Selectmen's accounts, and make Report of the same at the next annual meeting. "Voted, that the Selectmen si, all serve as Assessors. ''Benjamin Knowlton and Isaac Applet,.,, chosen litliiu-.|iieii " Joseph Bates was chosen S.-alor of Waits and Measurs. "Sam 1 . Kinney, Simeon Could and Aaron Kidder chosen deer keep- "Josepl, Stephens, Thomas Farnsworth, Francis Fletcher, El.euezer Heald and Joseph Bollard chosen Surveirs of High ways. "Robert Crosby chosen Surveir of Lumber. "Timothy Heald, 1 1763 — " Voted to cbuse an agent to defend in behalf <>f thiB town, in those actions commenced against this Town by Capt. Kidder and Samuel Parkfr. " Voted to build a Pound of Wood, and to set it on Joseph Kidder's Land, south <>f the road, on the east side of the Hi -ook thai rune out of said KidderV mi.-oMmw. " Voted not tu abate IWt. Prfstuii's P.ate f'<>r hi- to-ad and hors, nor Relesehim from pay for liis h.jad and hors for tin- futui. 1767 — " Voted to chuse t .,, istal.les f,.r the pies.-, it year. "Voted, thatthe Selectmen provide a sick of Al lion, sutable for the town. ■• Voted to build a place for the Town Stock of Amunitioi he Bi ami under the Roof of the Meetinghouse." 1773 — " Voted, that the Selectmen provide Burying Clothe foi tie Town's An invoice of the town, taken in 177c!, was as fol- lows: 169 male polls, 3 slaves, 201 oxen and horses, 267 cows, 246 young , 'tittle, is acres of orchard, ."118 acres of pasturage, 881 acres arable and mowing ; £66 lawful, the yearly income of stock in trade, money at interest, mills, etc.; whole number of inhabitants, 882. TOWN TAX I on 1771. Stephen Adams, Jr * 3 Silas Adams « 8 :'■ Richard Alexanders 13 9 Charles Barrett :; I '■' Samuel Bartlett 17 6 John Breed 1 1"' • John Ilrooks 12 10 Nathan Boynton 1 -' s Allen Breed 17 1 David Brocks 2 (I Jesse Butterfield S 3 Robert Campbell 1 1 1 9 Nathaniel Carlton 12 - .lames Chandler 1 4 6 Hezekiah Corej 1 - Thomas Cummings 9 7 Ephraim Chamberlain l' I Benjamin Carver Ephraim Cummings Samuel Cummings II 16 3 Aaron Chamberlain 6 3 Hunker Clark " s ■"• Benoni Cory " s ; 'Ih. .mas Davis I 8 .1 than Davis 1 7 Josiah Davis 12 Wi.l". Rachel Fletcher 1 7 6 Timothy Vox 1 8 G Isaac Farwell 12 Timothy Farwell 11 11 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. « 11 8 'J 11 19 1 5 13 8 11 11 19 6 11 16 8 5 16 1 - 14 10 1.1 1 14 d. 5 8 10 l(i 2 3 3 3 7 1 6 2 11 6 :) 9 in 11 J 4 6 B 7 11 4 11 5 6 Henry Wright i. «. d. o Ep - Foster ° Unit v Spiiuliliug ..... T t..l No&TU LlPT. . ..£86 Benjamin Gibbs J 12 6 i 10 3 6 j Lieut. If.it.ti Applet. ut Kniti. i> Appletutt ... 1 j 11 U Simeon Hildretb : : : : : I 11 4 Levi VI. .in- ... .i 8 3 John Jaquitb Samuel Kinny ..." 8 3 ! 1 5 " 9 Stephen Lnn«l Nathaniel Melvin 1 , j Edmond Briant ..... 19 10 John Mansfield ■ Barnes .1. —ph Baker James Barrett ... 9 7 David Melvin 2 11 in 3 Retire Bai <■" ... - 1, Epbraim Burge John Brown ;; •, Joseph Parker Stephen Pierce : : : : \ 8 3 8 3 1- 1 5 3 ,, M r . Ebeuezer Ohatuptiey KI.M/ti t'uiuiuiugs- . . ... 2 j William Clary . . . 1 , 9 I iip 8 3 13 11 Nathaniel Reed Jonathan Bobbin* Daniel Clary John Cutter ... ... 1 IVlij uuill \;\ William Shattuck Ephraim Severance 2 Dea". Stephen Davis Stephen Davis, jun' . . . (1 1 4 1.. 7 John Sawteil - 11 William Shattuck, Jun* 11 11 11 : .... o 10 3 •I'll as Sprague, Jun* ] ., ., Reuben Taylor Odoardo Thomas 1 James Tidder Ail. im Goold . . . n '.. 7 :. 8 18 1 Isaac How David 11,11- ... J ... 1 9 8 :: 12 19 12 14 13 Samuel Whittemore 2 13 5 Samuel Woods . . . . ■ Peletiah \\ liittei e, Jun* .... 1 Robert Harkness • " >:it 1 ll-yu.tnl Thomas Holt ... 1 '. U 7 :i 4 3 10 4 5 11 r..i i;- ni. -ii Kj.i.it-r Lieut Hfuiainiii Knuwlttut Wid». Rachel Kidder ... 4 . . . 3 ! ■I ph Lowell Daniel Mansfield . . . . i M insfield Josiah Melven . . . e . . . 1 :; 2 Nathan Wesson NEW IPSWICH. Elijah Morse ° 8 d Joseph Peirce 10 7 Doctc John Preston 1 8 9 Stephen Parker " ' s s Paul Prichard Benjamin Pollard 1 12 U Samuel Parker 1 ° 7 Benjamin Procter 1 6 7 Amus Prichard u 9 " Ezra Peirce ' ' s Robert Reading » 1:! a Silas Richardson 14 6 Doct'. Jesse Rice 12 4 Josiah Robbena o 11 2 i ' ~ *' Samuel Rogers 10 3 Ens' 1 . Joseph Stevens 1 6 3 G -'• Start 1 3 '- Lieut. Nathaniel Stone 1 19 6 Jonathan Stevens 8 3 Abijah Smith 1 2 4 William Start 1 1 & w illiam Spear 1 c 1 Andrew Spaulding 19 Thomas Stow 1 4 Joseph Stickney 16 4 Ezra Town 1 11 3 Joseph Tucker 1 17 1 Edmund Town 12 4 Josiah Walton 16 1 Benjamin Williams 11 2 Timothy Wheelock 19 10 Samuel Walker 9 7 John Warner 1 5 S Joseph « right 12 Jonathan Wheat 17 10 John Flynt 8 3 Samuel Soper 10 5 Daniel Stratton 1 6 3 Timothy Spaulding 3 9 Benjamin Smith 8 3 Total £106 16 5 CHAPTER II. NEW IPSWICH— (Continued). MILITARY HISTORY. ImtMl Kvciii-— Tie- Lexington Alarm— Captain Ib-ald's Company at Lexington — Captain Towne's Company— Captain Parker's Company- Sara to n a and Stillu. On The sci a Lake Expedition, List of Soldiers —The Militia of 1786— War of 1812, List of Soldiers— War of the Re- bellion. Tin; first reference on the town records to the forthcoming struggle for Independence was under date of December 6, 1771, jis follows: " Voted, That it is II pinion of this Town that Representation is ab- solutely necessary to legal taxation or Legislation ; and whereas this town has, for a number of years, b.--ii taxed to the Province, and have had no Voice in Lcgi-laiem, \\ he h i- a givai do vain.- ; anil in order to obtain a Redress, that the Selectmen id Ibis lown .1,. forward a Peti- tion anl Remonstrance to bis Excellency, our Coventor, that we may enjoy lb--' privileges win. h an- essential to the British Constitution, and that they call upon the adjacent Towns to adopt the like and endeavor that the unrepresented Towns come into similar throughout the Province." 'I'lir intelligence of tin- British advance mi Lexing- ton (says Kidder and Gould's "History of New Ips- wich") reached this town about two o'clock iri the afternoon. The Committee of Safety immediately assembled on the common, ami fired three guns in quick succession, the signal that hail been agreed on in case of a sudden alarm. The people rapidly assembled, and in less titan two hours a greal propor- tion of tic male population met on the little common in front of the meeting-house. Alter a short consul- tation with the eldest and must experienced, it was decided to prepare as many as possible and march lor Concord. The town's stock of powder and lead was taken from the magazine, then situated on (lie beams <>f the meeting-house, and distributed to such as had not a supply, a careful account of it being taken bj the selectmen. In the mean time the alarm was ex- tending through the remote parts of the town, anil some of the men who were at work in the woods or distant fields did not reach the usual training-ground till sunset ; and as provisions had to lie collected, so much time was consumed that probably hut few commenced their march beforedark. Several parties proceeded as tar as Captain Heald's, where they took a few hours' repose, and others spent most of the night in and near the middle of the town, but took up their march before daylight ; and before the sun rose lie next morning not less than a hundred and fifty men, the very bone and muscle of the tow u . were pressing forward, some on foot and some on horse- hack, towards Concord. Provisions were collected and forwarded in carts, under the direction of the Committee of Safety. Deacon Appleton, like Cincinnatus, had lefl his plow in the furrow at the moment of the alarm. and soon alter mounted his horse and carried the news to Peterborough. The next morning a company from that patriotic town, with Captain Wilson in command, passed through New Ipswich, then nearly deserted by tin- men, the deacon hastening on with them, not even stopping to take leave of his family, though he passed near his nn n door. It has been stated that there was hut little military organization. Timothy Farrar was, perhaps, the most prominent man, and had been the most active in exciting a military spirit, though he did not as- sume any command. Ezra Towne was an officer in the militia, hut acted as a subaltern on this occasion. Captain Heald was recognized as the commander, and paid the hill for the entertainment of the men at Acton, where they arrived and remained during the night of the 20th. < >u tic succeeding day they ar- rived ai Concord, where they obtained reliable infor- mation that the enemy had all returned to Boston. Many of the elder men, titter visiting the scene of blood at the North Bridge, returned home to make the necessary preparations lor a contest, which they now saw was inevitable; and with what feelings we may judge, when we consider that the scene of the con- 616 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. rliet was the natal soil of many of thorn, and that many of those who had fallen victims had been their neighbors and kinsmen. By far the larger part, however, proceeded to Cambridge, the headquarters of the army. <»u the arrival of our men at Cambridge they found an immense concourse of people, rathei than soldiers, most of whom were occupying the colleges for temporary quarters. At the request of the Com- mitt 1 Safety, Captain Towne, on the 23d of April, took orders for enlisting a company, and immediately notified his townsmen ; and such was their confidence in him, and in those who were to be associated in office with him, that nearly thirty signed his roll that day, and by the 10th of May it was increased to sixty-five in number, including rank and file. Most of these were citizens of New Ipswich, only ten being from Peterborough and a few from Mason. All the officers were of this town, and it was called the " New Ipswich Company." Ezra Towne, captain; Josiah Bi.m ne. hist li.-ut 11:1111 .b.hn II ink 11. -ss. second lieutenant ; Benjamin Williams, lvloti.ili Wlnttemore, Elisha Hubbard, Samuel l".i hii-', "'i _,'•-;, nts : Supply Wilson, Elijah Morse, Stephen Adams, corporals; Jesse CarltoD, drummer; Wilder Kidder, filer. Privates. Phiuehas \dams. As;i Plains, Jeremiah Andrew, David Avery, Timothy Avery, John Breed, Ehenezer Billiard, IVter Blown, Benjamin Cutter, An her < 'hurohwood, Nathaniel Carlton. Elijah Davis, Abraham Densmore, David Elliot, John Elliot, Joseph Kelt, Ezra Fuller, Silas Gill, Samuel i.rilhn, Samuel Ilutehius, Daniel Hal B King, Peter Lowell, Samuel Mitchel. David MelviD, David ttarsbal, Farrow Miller, Thomas Morrison, Aaron Oliver, Thomas Pa Pratt, Jeremiah Pritchard. I iilian Stevens, ,b,|m 'i.i I killed -lime l"th), Abel Severance, Benjamin -i mhope. Eplil'aim Stevens, Willi. no Scott, liamel Sever- ance, Josiah Sti'iie. Timothy Sterne-, samuel Super, 'rh,,ma.s Tufton, Ezra Towne, Jr., John Tempi) Josiah Walton, Nathan Watson, Archi- bald White. Daniel White, I .en Adams,— sixty-five rank and lib About the 1st of June, Colonel James Reed arrived al 1 ambridge with a commission from the Provincial 1 longn SS of New II amp-hire to command a regiment of Hoop- ,,f that State. The next morning, he says, "he was waited upon hv Captain Towne, who intro- duced to him some other officers commanding com- panies from this State." and a regiment u.i- - 1 formed, consisting of eight companies, of which Captain Towne's was called the First, and was assigned the post of honor, being stationed on the right. In October, 177ii. Captain Abijah Smith marched toward- New York with a company from this town. Peterborough and the vicinity. Among them were many of the principal men, — the two Deacon Adams, Lieutenant Stone, Deacon Isaac Appleton, John Cutter, Jonathan Kinney, Jonas Dutton, Jere- miah Pritchard and others. They were present at the battle of White riains. but from their position wen not much exposed to the tire of the enemy. They all arrived home safe before the end of the year. /",,/, Roll of Captain ,! 1/mms Xiehols' ; ./oYe Militia, . ' e-Oe J [}„■ I 'elCler,,/,, . 'II, July, 1777 Stephen Parker, captain: Ceina ii: ILL -im, t., Samuel Cunning- ham. IV, to si lieutenants; Benjamin William-, . 1: le .: I. lb, I'., Archibald White, Satin Mil. lei, I 1 .0 is. Ej.inaim Brown. Thomas Morrison, P., Sand. Lewis, ioi ler ■. Simeon Hildreth. fifer. Privates, \iiii. Breed 'Hen Breed, Jr., Saml. Walker, Benjamin Saflbrd, Josiah 1 : Rumrill, Pelatiali Whittemore, l'eter Fletcher. Kphraim Stevens, Jona. Parker, Richard Wheeler, Amos Wheeler. Win I pton, l.Onoiiid Sawtel. Neheluiah s, laIt ,, n .1, din Kni'-bt. Jothain Ileal. Francis Appb-t. in, Ebenezer Severance, James Fester. Caleb llnnerof, Paul Powers, John Everet, Samuel Wheeler. l'eter Wheeler, Daniel i 1: ■ ■ 1 r. Sat Shattuck, Needham Drury, Benja. Serer- :111c, l.i-\ 1 Spaulding, Henry Spaulding, Kli Adams, Abel Dutton, Benja. Dunn, P., Fphraim Brockway, I'.. Jeremiah Proctor, P., v P., Jesse Smith, P., .lanes Mitchel, I'.. John Blair, P., I: P.. Win. Kolihe. I'., Thomas Little, I'., Sargent Paige, P., Simpson Hogg, 1'. Jeremiah Smith, P., .lame, w hit,., p., Charles McCoy, P., Wm. Plain, I'., Saml. Miller, p , Wo, Moore, P., Joseph Eeald, John 1 1 irret, P. 1 Tempi,.. " p..'- Peterborough. In September a company of forty-two men was raised, in which Simeon Gould was an officer, and hurried off in great haste. Part of the men had horses, and. no doubt, practiced "ride and tie." They arrived in time to take part in the battles at Stillwater and Saratoga, and to witness the surrender o; 1 on. nil Burgoyne and his whole army, an event everywhere received with joy and satisfaction, more especially by the people id' New England, who were thereby relieved from the fear of impending invasion. In 177'.i a number of men joined the expedition under General Sullivan to Seneca Lake, which re- sulted in great disaster to the Indians there. In March it was " Voted, that there be a contribu- tion taken up to defray the charges of bringing Eph- raini Foster home from the army, and also tor the benefit of the poor of the town." At this time the British held possession of part of Rhode Island, and a company of thirty-one men under Captain Joseph Parker proceeded to Provi- dence, and afterwards to the Island. It is not known whether or not they fought in the engagements there. It would appear that several parties went to Rhode Island while it was invested by the British ; for. in the following August, when a committee was ap- pointed to make another average of the services of the inhabitants in the war, their report was, " That those who went to Rhode Island the first term be allowed for six months: and those who went the second term he allowed three weeks; and those who went the last term be allowed six months." In obedience to another call in August, it was \oied "to Hier six men to go in the Continental army, agreeable to the requisition of the Court." In June, 1780, a call for six men for the Continen- tal army was made. A meeting was called, and it was " Voted, that the Selectmen and the Captains of the two Train Bands he a committee to hire the six men for the town, in the cheapest and most expeditious way they can." NEW [PSWICH. In July a demand was made on the town for their proportion of bout' for the army. It was accordingly " Voted to raise Fifty-five Thousand Pounds, lawful money, 1 to procure Beef for the Army, and to paj Soldiers now gone." It was also voted that any per- son might pay his rates, in silver at seventy-five for one, which shows the depreciated state of the currency at this period. The next year it was " Voted to raise £400 Silver Money, for to pay for this Town's proportion of Beef rate for the Army," and the constables were author- ized to rceei\ e the old rates, on the scale of one silver dollar tu ninety of paper. In February, 1781, a meeting was held to raise twelve men for the Continental army, who had been called for to till up the quota assigned to the State. These were raised by dividing the town into twelve classes, as recommended by the Genera! Court, each class to furnish a man, by hiring or otherwise. In November a call was made for militiamen, and the selectmen proceeded to hire them on the best terms they could. The town " Voted to approve of the Selectmen hiring the three months' militia, and also to procuring this town's proportion of Rum." It i> supposed that nine men went at this time to West Point, of whom Isaac How was the leader. " Voted, to pay those men who went on the late alarm for Coos." A small party of British soldiers made an incursion into Vermont, and at Newbury had captured a Colonel Johnson, and carried him to Canada. An alarm was made in this region, and Captain Heald, with quite a number of men, were soon on their way thither; tiny were absent but a -hurt time. January, 17*2, " Voted, that the Selectmen -hall procure clothing for the former Continental Soldiers against the next Town-meeting, if they can." .Six men were raised this year for the Continental service : one of these was Mr. John I tould. During this summer or autumn a party of Tories from Canada made an irruption into Vermont, and proceeded as far as Royalton. It was supposed the} were the vanguard of a large detachment sent to lay waste the towns on Connecticut River. An alarm was sent to this town, and a large company of sixty- live men marched immediately, but were absent only a tew days. This was the last alarm that ever came for soldiers. The capture of Cornwallis, with his army, nearly closed the active operations id' the Revo- lution. Of the persons who were officers or soldiers in the service during the war, it is to be regretted that no entry was ever made on the town records, that there- by their names might have been preserved. We have already given two extensive rolls, and, after a thorough investigation, we think the subjoined list will contain the largest part of those who served esides those alreadj named, but Hunker i:t.:i/.| £7 33 13 In addition to tie-, were all those who turned out on the various alarm-., on the requisition of the Com- mittee of Safety, making in all something like three hundred and sixty enlistments, in numbers varying t'v three to forty-eight men at a time, and for periods of from one month to three years. Nearlj every man, from the highest to the lowest, sooner or later took his turn or hired some one as a substi- tute. i If all these men. but one or two were killed in battle; eight or ten were very severely wounded, among whom Were Josiah Walton. Fbene/.er Fletcher, Jeremiah Priehard and Jonas Adams; and about twenty died of sickness in the army, or soon after they were brought home, of whom were John Adams, Simeon Ilildreth, Daniel Hall, Samuel Campbell, Jonathan Wheat, Samuel Foster, Ephraim Foster and Asa Pel ham. Quite a number of them had con- tracted habits incident to the camp, which materially affected their respectability and success in after- life. The country was drained of all its available means by continual heavy taxes that were almost constantly levied, in one shape or auot her. to carry on the con- test. The proportion of this town, in a province tax of £ 1000, was, in 177::, £13 1*. ; only sixteen towns paid more. In 1777 it was £12 11*. 6d. ; only ten towns paid more. In 1780 it was t.'J2 5s. 2d. In 1781 an act was passed to raise a quantity of beet for the army; the proportion levied upon this town was 17,164 pounds; only twelve towns furnished a larger quantity. A levy was made by the State for 10,000 gallons of rum; this town's part was 122 gallons. In 1781 Congress called on this State for thirteen hundred and fifty-four men for the Continental army ; our proportion was seventeen men, which were promptly furnished. From this it is probable that tins town was relied on, and did supply a fraction over one-eightieth of all the men and other means raised by this State during the Revolutionary War. All the requisitions were supplied fully and promptly. In 17^2 a list was made out by the Legislature of the deficiencies of the several towns; and while there were great delinquencies in some places, New Ips- 618 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. wich was found deficient two men only, which were immediately supplied. 1 The following lists of Revolutionary soldiers ami matters pertaining to the Revolution are from the .State archives and furnished by Isaac W. Hammond, Esq., Deputj Secretary of State : The following is a list of those who responded to the lirst alarm, referred to on page 75, "History"!' New Ipswich " : "Pert that went to Cambridge in April, A. D. 1775, on William Hodgkins 5 .lain... i [handler 5 Jon. Brookes Serj' 13 Jno. Cutter 11 Nath' Swain '■' Tier Wl lurk 4 Joel Vi l lock 8 ffath' Read 5 Benja Hoar 7 Aaron Chamberlain 9 Rev. Stephen Farrar 30 Klijah Flagg Tim- Farrar 5 Jno. Wilkins 5 Dan' Mansfield S Petei Fletcher .'. ,lii". Sartoll 8 13 W» Speei 6 Elijah Davis 13 llnvid San. I. r- H ISenj. Williams . 13 Josiah Walton . 13 Leonard Parker . 7 . i < — t . i , Tinney . 5 Ephraim Foster . 8 Daniel Foster Samuel Foster . 8 1 im Steai as . 13 Benja Gibba , 8 Saml. Kinney . 13 David Helvin . 13 Josiah Davis . . , . .', . 13 Chas. Ilarrelt . 1 1 s.i... Appleton Reuben Kidder . 5 Jere* Underu 1 . 7 Benj. Pollard . 13 Josiah Rogers . 6 Saml Haywood . 5 Thos Farnsworth . 8 Stephen Parker . 5 Nath' Stone . 5 Nathi Fair . 13 Saml Bartlett . 3 . 3 Elea 1 Cummings . 5 Isaac Clark wi" Shattuck 3 Eph ra Adams, Jr . . 7 Robert Harkness . . 7 "Tho Ih I.D. "Statu of New Hampshire. Hillsborough ss. ocfl7n> ITS'.. ,:. ,M, I .Inn. ml Briant and Joseph Parker ami mailr solemn .mill that this Ar lit by them severally sub- scribed is .lust ami Inn- according to the lust of their kni "Coram l - fne Farbab, .Iu-i Pai is ' The whole account amounted t<> £124 16s. 1 Kidder ,v Gould's " History of New Ipswich." " 7 Visi.es ll.nl , «birm to Kolialst.m, Stale ../ Verm. ml. ll..t. I,.... ee,/ , epi .^i\^ ii uh horse*. " Eilnnl Bryant Ca|.t, lsaae Clark I, hut. lleiij Williams Lieut, Jerk Prichard, Thos Brown, Josiah Walton, John Brown Jur., Silas Haws. John Gould, Joseph Sticknej Jr., H-ni- Adams Jr., Jn° Adams, Amos Baker, Sam' Speer, W™ Speei Jr., .In- Cutter, W» Prichard, .ton" Fleti her, Eph n Adams Jr., Elijah Davis, Josiah Brown, Tho" Kidder, Tho Fletchei Jr., W» Clary, E.lnr' Town four days ami trav- lt amounted to £34 They went on horses, "etc . eled forty-live miles. The act 10s. "' , T In. I., , . (,,/,.,...»./ ll.nl .r. ..I O.i I U Rot/aUt N sue/ alarm. ■"I'll.e Hale Lieut Col , ,Iose|.h Talker Cap', Muses Tucker Lieu', .lames Chandler Ens". .In- ISn.iiks Seig'. Leonard l'ark.r. Allen lie Fans, Eben' Knight, Elms Knight Jr., Sam 1 Cumings, Ebon' I hi. her. lie. Spaull him. Tim" Fox, W'" Shattiiek, Jon" twist, W» Hodgkins, Levi Ian, N.itli' Ian, Isaac llnrtlet, .lotham Hoar, Eph» Hildreth, Jo- -, | !. u . i i .-.■ Walker, Ames Huyntnti, J. .el linker, Stephen Pierce, Sam> Fletcher, Stephen A. lams Jr., .lie Prat, Edw* Prat, Nath' I'rat. Isaac Farwell, K.h.r 1 Farwell, Jn«Gowing,RobertCambelI,Thad Taylor, Reuben Paylor, Hezek' Hodg, Jn» Wheelei Jr. The foregoing were out with horses four days, trav- eled thirty-five miles and the account amounted to £90 2s. :,. :,..! M..I IJ.nl ..'.■. < untinental store there ' "Jinn weight Hie Flower . 3 I'.i. 1. 1. ,r Bread being : linn Weight of Pork . . four Bushels of Beans . 300 weight "t ' 'hesc ,i 6 d Cap' Charles Barretts Inns, h.st when Tn «..- vacuated Jonas Wilsons horse at the alarm when Borgoin was taken Cap 1 Francis Fletchers horse lost at the same time . . . Francis Appletona horse lost at the same time W i hoi i i foi a yar ..ml expenses A tunc in obtaining his horse John Thomas* Hois, taken A impressed int., the Conti- nental Service The aggregate amount was u;:2s 8s. Od. The account was sworn to before Timothy Farrar. " 'l'., th>- h. ...... '/ ' ■'■.•" II" see, ... \ee Hampshire: "The Petition of the Siihscril.crs, Inhabitants of the Town .•! New- Ipswich— hum ! . "That on the -m Hay of October last past we began ..ur Man b i ■ int., ice the Northern Army, (agrcnble to the Older of the t ..).,,;, 1 ■ ,,ui> in a Con, [.any utnlei I lie c ..ml of Cup" Hriant ; that cadi ol us tod, ,. ii ,. , ,e..:. ,. . ....... I..- ..ml oihers ,ii He- Company , that we joined the Army ami continued m the service till regularly dis- missed: that, .luting ..in said sci vice, each of ns lost an Il.-ise, which we have not -nice heard of. not withstati. ling the I'ains we luiv,- taken i Petitioners humbly pray your Honors to taki theabove int., consideration am! make such pensation for the loss we have NEW IPSWICH. 619 su-tainc.l a> you in V..111 \\ i--i-.ni -hull 1 in duty bound shall ever pruy " New-Ipswich Dec* 25 th 1777. "Exeter, Feb' y- 10'i> 177S "the Horse ol Francis Fletcher I think mi worth £30 William M°Clary 28 Jonas Woolson 35 Epbraira Adams 30 the Horse& was ordered 1miu.u1 t-v in-- with tin- advise of --titer --III- us "Tho- IIkai.i-, lent Col" PETITION TO PAY Full A HORSE LOST IN THE SERVICE, vlccl-M.- of tin- Town -if New- ■■huiiihh -I.. w--th "That on or about tin- lii-t I>a> of "--H 1777 v.- pressed -hi an Horse, the Property of Cup' Charles Barrett --I sai-1 N.-w-I|,sw the Laws of said State) to carry Packs for the M.-n who tnr 1 out Vol- unteers, in Onli-r t-- reinforce the Northern Army under the Command of <;,-i|i ilnr.-s; t ti nt the sai-1 Hois.- was l--si in the Expedition, and has n-.l since 1 ii hear-] -if, notwithstanding tin- penis taken : win- h l.-s we estimate at sixty P-nm-ls lawful Money. "Wherefore y-.in P.-titi -rs humbly in ay your honors to take the loi-l. -ration and order sti-h O.-inpeusitiou f.-r the -ai-1 I-.s- a- i.-ii in N-..IU Wisdom shall think fit and your Petitioners, is in Duty bo I, -'e-ii ever pray &c "New-Ipswich, 23* OcP 177s. ' » I teiAi \' i ' . Select men ■ Cm '■ Hillsborcr ssIM-' ll" 177s " The above-named W» Shattuck, I: Appleton and J. Chandlei made solemn Oath, that in Appraising the Horse above mentioned. Ih. y have acted impartially & according to their best Skill and Judg Coram "Tl u- 1" mil- \u Jtut Pacil ' APPRAISAL OF ESTATE 01 ABSENTEES, 1778. "An Inventory ..f the Estate of John T.-mlins.-n and J-.hn Tnfi-.n Mason K-'i" i.-n|-i".s.-il t-- l~- Inhabitants --I Great Britain lying in N-Ipswich in the State of N-Halnpshire, taken int.- Custody and appiai-d by the Subscribers, Select-Men of s« New-Ipswich by Authority .-fan Ait intitled An Act to prevent the Conveyanci f Estate Tear of our Lord 1777, which Estab -- '-. 1 in Partnership, viz ■ - 80 M'l'iin-'.l .-i £420 Taxes 'in- '.I 11-3 'The subscribers charge for the "Sworn to b-for- Tinn-th.. Kin r.n . < >- t. J I, 1.7- ' RELATIVE TO MILITIA REGIMENT, 17s;.. " To the Bonble General Court oj the State oj Veto Hampehin "The Petition of the Sul.Miil.-r-. S- I- Inn ri iui-1 -lh--r Inhabitants of the Towns of New-Ipswich, Peterlmp.ugli, Temple, Lyndsl- -roii-li. \\ il- l-ill, M.i-.li. P.-l-l-l-H.-ll-ll-Slll.. H:.H -!.-]. ill behalf of oiii-s, -ices and the Towns we belong to "Humbly sheweth— "That by a vote of the General Court pa-se-1 at their last Session, the In- habitants of the Towns above mentioned were cousiiiub-d He- ".;■' Ih--:i- ment of Militia : and that the Tow,,- I. lafire; Dublin, Pack- ersfield, Marleborough i Fit/will inn i w--i ,,-n, ,,t. -,| 1 1„- l-jt- Regiment, retaining the Number which they bad when connected with Me -i-.ii-i part of the Towns first mentioned : which we conceive to he injurious, inverting the order which ought to hav.- taken place in their Numbers. And presuming that the General Court were not rightly informed as to the circumstances of those two Regiments, beg leave to lav before your Honors some facts, in order to procure an alteration in their Numbers which W-- think ought I-- take place for tie- following reasons : — The I'.-wn- are the oldest by about twenty years, taking their age uj „„ ,,\,-,:iu--. ''.,,,( \V,,..l-..n -.f N-Ipswich having a Coin- gle Inhabitant in any oi the six Towns above named, aud many years beforeaC n in ■-,- iver, : inj persol within their limits.— By ..- .. - -l be aired with th l rns we 1 tour N ,er 12; therefore ought not to toes from 1-'. t- 23, bj dissolving the Con- nection. - Hv -- puling tli. ir No,,, b.-r- an-1 wealth it will appear that v.- i„,\ £49-15 t-- the TI sand; they but £32 1; That there are eleven hundred rateable poll- in , his lb- - .,,,-1 little more than six hun- dred in that :— That then- are t.-ui Held officers in this Beg' who will il,,,, I. ,, -l .-, iding i-. rem o Hi- mmiss - in thi 23- Regt - an-1 but one in Hint : [and that a second Maj-). "Thus, Gentlemen, whuhve, w -■ substitute us a I riteriou t-- dotcimino :- ie - uh.tli-i Age, numbers, wealth, H,.- r.-,l- ,,-■ of Field officers oi whatei nceive to operate in the minds of the Legislature, thi pre! a, most clearly, on our side And as we would not be vainly ambit!-. us for b ur, to which we bad notitle; so neither would wi be thought so mean, as tamely to submit tO .1 selll ell- -■ I'V Which We |. - U I . I> L - 1 I.el.O-. |,,|- I !-. fore applyto your Honours as the Giianlian-oi ->m u-.-i.i ing for a reconsideration of the vote complained --1 ; and that we may he permitted t.- retain tie- 1-iie.inal Number. Aid win j- , ' duty l-oiiud >hall ever pray Ac '-.bin- 27" 17- - "PAl-tPr.t.nwm , > -'"' ' "Epn m Adams f "^ " Tinr- Farrar, Josiah Wall in, Josiah Rogers, Ebenezer Jones, Daniel I Vilams .1', Eph» H.ntw-ll, lieti.i-uiiiii Kn.dtoii, s-lh v, i Carlton, Luther Kidd-i, Nathan lb-bens, Tlnr N--nls Reed, A - Bilker. NTith' II- --Igl.in-, Xuth' Fai let, John wheeler, Iticli- 1 i- i .,.-_.,.. -,, i- - Fox I,,' Jonathan Fox, Lazarus Cary, Elijah v - - I Eleaier I ,-, _ .-- 3tarl I -., Bartlett, Ben.i" II- en, .1-,-.-;,, Bate] Ilel [thamai w k, William Prichard, Nehemiah Stratton, John Cutter, William Speer, William SpeerJ , .le-s,. walker. I-.,., II. il I ..,,4 ,-, Samuel Bartlett, Timothy Fox. Peter Shattuck, sili- VI,:,,-. John si e, 1 1 uck. Stephen Adams, Th..- Spaulding I b - S] t ling Jr, John Binney, Joel Baker, Onesimua newell, Call Cam] II, San I 1 Fletcher, Robert Campbell, El Fi.-i b- , J. - - - 1 i i , Wam ,. m -- il arleton, Zebulon .In', William Fariss, Stephen Hildreth, Joseph Baker, Reuben Tayloi TI,,,- Fletcher, Peter Jones, -I -8 French, Joseph Briant, Joseh Fletcher, Thomas Fletcher .Inner, William Wheeler, William Cary, Francis Fletcher, Eben- Bullnrd. ,1.,-iab Walt-.n ,jur, James Walton, Tine Brown, .lona- W....1-. II .Inn . .lolias Wlillllej, Sun II Sam" Whiting IT.m' Appi- -l-m. Nathan Pallor, .lame- I \\ li.-el... k .1,, s, .,,... i;,,, .l.i .liinr, Lb.-iie/er Adams, John Ohainpney -Tur, Daniel Bartlett, Noah Bartlett, John l'riohar.l. I'.mi-I Mansliel.I, F./in T.-wii-, sburii..-i siuittu, k. Suniiiel < bu tull-i , A,ir.,n Ki-lil-i, J. -el Hil- dreth, Nathan Walker, Jos.-pb Parker .In'. Ruben T.iyloi Jr. /..-l-.lee I., \- ,. U'h- .-!• t Jr. I'uniel Clary, David Clary, Ephraim 111 ' '. Fletcher, William Delap, Enos g t, David Knight, I bi n i I ni ;hl V Tucket Bi ' S.. mil. 1 I'.uk-i, -l.-tbam Ib-in. Jo-i.ili Uol.l.iii-, l-iit,,. 1 Pink- - ,,< BI I, . I. .Ini Preston. Eben' Parkel Benjamin Procter, l'--n,i" Hoarjun, Nathaniel Prentis." CERTIFICVI E 01 3ERVIC1 OF SAMUEL WALKER, 1782. ■ II, I,,,. - rtify that I th- Subscriber one of the Selectmen in New 1,,-wi h in the year 1780 did with the other Selei tmen by order of Court . : , -en- Six in,.,,,],- in tin- Continental army of which l Walkei oi New Ipswich was who marcht off and returned with the others and I never heard but that he faithfully Did ro] erly Dischai gi d. "New lp-w-i. h Augu-t 27" 1782 "Isaac How." John Goold certified that he served with s-ai'I Walker tur the term of six months, ami that they cami- home tufrether. 40 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGfl COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. SOLDIER'S BOl NTY. "The Bounty paidto Hezekiah Sartwell by the Town ofNew Ipswich a .-1:1,1- to Eighteen pounds • JmSTAH Gil MA PETITION FOU JOHN THOM \- [785 .I:miis, of New Ipswich, -fate?- that .l..lm Tin ana- \> a- in tin- Kh'»l" Nlaml expedition mi 177\ ami ha«l a horse impressed into the t 'Miitin.-iit;il s.-rviee ; ami that saidhui'se wa-. nev.-r if Turned to liiln. He a-sk.-d to be ji;,j.l for tin? same. Timothy F<»x -tated that worth £ln. .lusri.h Parkfi ami lvter Fleti-ht-r testified that they were in til.' .shim- lv-iju.'Ut 1 1 nl.. 1 if] i;n,.,|, U.i I.--.. :uii| km.wili". t<> Tin' fart as stat< 1 bj Idams. He was allowed £10. PETITION OF CAPTATN EZRA TOWNE. "21 the G tlOourtofthi BtaU of New Hi "The Petition of Ezra Tuvn of X-w Ip-wi, h in >aid State humblj sln-w- tli;ii If in .l.i 1. 1. a 1 \ . \. I> 177 1",. .Hi mid.-.! a company in tlie Ser- vice nf tlir I nitr.l >tat-^. ,iml tliat hisMfii went into < 'aiiaila t lif 11 t<> Albany in the same year and nn the first «.f rt.-c.Miib.-r in tlie shim- year his company marched to Pennsylvania ami continued there untill the first il.tv ,.|'Jaro t.,ll..\\inu - * t ± ■ 1 ->.'u after hi- e<.iiipan\ wi t In -ut rations ,,r any -uh-isianc. in. in-.- y h- cany them home. . "New Iiwwieh.-intb ,1 ,, "Ezra Towne." The petition was dismissed, and he presented another dated February 4. 1788, in which he stated thai his company was in General .lames Reed's regi- ment, and that the men were discharged February 13, 1777, at Morristown, X. J. PETITION FOE \\ ALLOWANCE EOR BOUNTIES PAID THREE YEARS' MEN, L785 ■' n'/y t M>'(i.t it was Emoted b\ the Aiithmii\ ■ three vats Service in the Continental Army— tin' Towne who raised said recruits should be entitled to receive out of the Treasury ot said state Twenty pounds equal in Valine to Indian l.'nnial ti.ur Shilling a r.n-h.-l (',.]■ eaehie- '• it appears b* us tbat a_ : ,:il ■]■ t, > tl,,- i. -r. ■_■ i iil: \- I the Town of New Ipswich raised the following persons Im said -. >n i- ■■• vi/) John Bullard —Peter Bullard -John Adam- - \-hii Stratten- Joseph Proi tei Ste in Adams— Phi nehas Adam--— Sam 1 Walker— .1.-.-.* Walk -i — J..|m Tin, mas —Joel Baker— \nn.s r.akfi Sam' IVitter— W Hewitt a W" Scott— "We therefore desire yotn Honour the T: --■.■:' ' ^i.t. t,|,.,v the Sums allow'd to the Town for raisiim tin- |\>i ■■_• _- r- run- to I 'fa- con Ephraiiu Adam- and In- nv.-ipl Shall lhsi liar-.- you for said Slim " New [pgwich Mm "Hon. J Taw.uk Gilman Esq* "James Hosley \ Selectmen "Pai i. Pru ii IRD -Ken" 1 Adams Jb ■> New-Ipswich" War of 1812.— The War of 1812 met with but little favor from the citizens of New Ipswich. Tin- following were in the service: Lmings, Mr. Steara, u.i, S..U.-H Spauld- .l..lm Ii. Wright, nes Spaulding and Aaron Bart. Ml. .I.lm 1 I .1. William Ball, Vbel 1 Peter Wilder, Silas Wheeler, Sa lk'Ut-y K-.'-p ia> a substihil . I'..i ' Gould. The town responded promptly to the call of an im- periled country during the War of the Rebellion, and its record during thai conflict is an 1 irable one. Its quotas were tilled and money furnished with the same patriotic spirit evinced by Deacon Applct'in as he left the place on that April day in 177-" and marched to the (.'uncord fight. CHAPTER III. NEW IPSWICH— (Continned). r,< I I.KSI ASTIl At. n i-'ihi:y. t Church— Methi i -lin|.ti,.t I'hinvli— I'n Congregational Church.— In the original grant of the town a reservation was made of a certain piece of land for the support in part of the Christian min- istry, and at the town-meeting in 1750 it was voted " to choose a committee to provide a proper person to preach in said town." They also voted forty-six pounds, old tenor, "for preaching in the fall of the year," and chose Joseph Stevens and Reuben Kidder a committee "to provide a proper person to preach." Two years afterwards (1752) one hundred and fifty pounds, old tenor, were voted " to pay for what preaching there had been, and to be laid out in preaching for the futer," and also " to have constant preaching hereafter." In 17-"4 it was voted " to hire two months' preaching in six months next coming, and no more." It was voted. February, 1755, " to proceed to settle a minister," and subsequently, "that Mr. Peter Powers be our gospel minister." Joseph Stevens and Ephraim Adams were chosen to apply to Mr. Powers, "and make some proposals to him about his settling with us, and hear his reply, and make Report at the Adjournment of this meeting." They were also directed "to hire Mr. Powers to preach with us hear in this place till the adjournment of this meeting." They voted to give four hundred pounds, old tenor, in passable bills, for "a settlement," and also to give him four hundred pounds, old tenor, equal to about forty pounds silver, for a salary, with thirty cords of w 1 yearly. Mr. Powers accepted the call, but before the day appointed for the ordination he requested to be re- lieved from bis obligation to become their pastor. The request was granted, and, November 2(1, 1759, Rev. .Stephen Farrar was called, ami ordained October 21. 1760, when the church was also organized. Rev. Mr. Farrar remained pastor of this church until bis death, which occurred suddenly June 23, 1809. He was succeeded by Rev. Richard Hall, who was or- dained .March 12, 1812, and remained until his death. July 13, 1824. Rev. Isaac R. Barbour was pastor from March 8, 1826, to September the same year; Rev. Charles Walker from February 28, 1827, to August 26, 1835; Rev. Samuel Lee from May 5, 1836, to 1862; Rev. Calvin Cutler settled March 12, 1862, dis- missed April 11, 1867; Rev. Prescott Fay settled January 1, 1868, dismissed October 6, 1809; Rev. Benjamin F. Ray acting pastor from July 1, 1870, until death, January 1, 1872; Rev. Thomas S. Robie acting pastor from .May, 1872, until March, 1874; Rev. Bela N. Seymour, acting pastor from October 1, 1874, until .March 15,1878; Rev. Horace Parker, NEW IPSWICH. 621 acting pastor from August 1, 1878, until May 30, 1880; Rev. Sumner G. W I settled December 31, 1880, dismissed March 1, 1883; Rev. George F. Mer- riain, acting pastor, April 15, 1883, The first meeting-house was erected by the proprie- tors of the town, but probably was never used as a house of worship, and was destroyed during the de- sertion of the town in 1748. In 1752 it was voted to build a meeting-house, which was completed in 1759, and a committee was appointed, consisting of Aaron Kidder, Joseph Bates and Ichabod How, to "seat the meeting-house; " and they were directed to " seetc ten persons on each Long Seal and tour on each short one." This was an unpretentious building, and in 17(52 ' t" l.llil.l II Mr, ■la r.-.-t wide stii-l HI !".■•■( "Voted tochuse a Committee t :eive and provide stuff Buch as b,,ards, slit-work. shinnies, . 1 . . i . ( r. 1 . , 1 , , I r 1 1 . ■ like f,.r tin M.-.-ti n^-liou— -. ChosenMi Robert Crosbj III John Chandler, Dea. Benjamin Adams and dipt. Reuben Kidder." A controversy arose respecting the location of the house, which lasted until 1767, and after the location had finally been decided upon, and the church erected, another controversy occurred in relation to the distri- bution of the pews. Some wished to have a com- mittee "to prise the pew spotts and let the highest payers have them according to theirpay," and others wished to have them sold to the highest bidder at public vendue. It was finally agreed, November 18, 1768, "That .ill per~,n- wli., hath a mind I,, li.iv>' hi- prop.,! r i. ootl.l.- part iti thi pev -■ and a thi New ">! H., prefer a Rei st to the Com** 8 chosen to disposi ol th Pews al Vendue, bj the 25th day instant at 9 o'clocs in the morning, shall have their proportionable part, ace ti theii pay, sett off to su< b as Request it "Toted, t'\ Entrest, that all the persons Intrested in the New M. II. shall sell the pews thai are not sett ofl to sui h as Requested theii parti at public vendue p. tin- highest bidder, and have the benefit ot the money -a el j,"iv- ,',,me to, ill proportion to their pay." In March, 1769, it was voted that the committee "proceed to build a pulpit and make the Body of Seats, and Seal up the window stools, and lathe and plaster to the I oillcry girts and so under the Gallerys, and Build the Siairs, and lay the gallery floor and also the ministerial Pew, all to lie compleated this Summer coming." In January, 1770, it was voted to finish the meet- ing-house this present year; to have a row ol' pews around the gallery, sell them at auction and apply the proceeds towards the finishing of the house. They also voted to paint the interior as the commit- tee should " think proper upon advise of men skilled in painting." The last recorded act in relation to the completion of the house was to build seats on the spaces over the stairs, "and the Negroes to set on the Hindmost of said seats in each gallery," though by a subsequent record it appears that they had not been built in 1774. The fourth and present church edifice was com- pleted in 1813. February 22, 1759, "!■■/,. 'p. -He .i,.-eph si hi "I'... in u ,1 sai 1, for a yearly Sallery, so long as he continues a GoBpel i "b'le'l Ml" Ml. Farrar's Sallerv live Pounds Starline,, to he paid yearly, when II is Eiehli I, lir.s , and live Pounds starling more, to be paid yearly, when there is on,' hundred falnelies settled in this place, said addition to , ontnioe -,, ii„, u as i,„ do,- the u-ii The following signed the church covenant: Fletcher, \>,.h.v, Spaulding, Jonah Crosby, A ■ Taylor, Zechariah Adams, Stephen Adams, John Dutton, Benben Kidder, Ebenezei Bu] lint. Joseph Stevens, Benjamin Hoar, Benjamin Idams, II las Adams, 'l'o these were added, in the course of the succeed- ing twelve years, thirty-eight others. Among these were : 17C.4 liaiiiaba., Ilavi-, Nathaniel Carlotoii and Mile. Kaehel Kidder. Cornelius Cook, Joel and Hannah Crosby, Ma] shall pal nsworth. 17651— George Start and wife, Ichi land Sarah How. 1766.— Ed I and Abigail Briant, Nathan Boynton, itebeccs Melvin hi. I the Wi ' I ' 1 • a and \bi|ah Smith. 1767.— Set h I ..bo aim ',. ;|. . .1 1 ban and Sa 17ns Joseph and Ruth Pollard, and Rebecca, wife of John Preston. 177c.— Samuel and Bridget Brown, Silas Iin.hajd.son. John and Su- sannah Cutter, and the wives ,,t Jonas Woolson, Jimiah Brown, Stephen Brown and Elijah Mansfield. 1772.— Isaac Clark, William Elliol and the wife ol Simeon Fletcher. According to Mr. Walton's memoranda, there were added, in 1786, 88; 17s7, 10; 1789, 5; 1790, 1; 1791, 2; 17'.i2, :!; 1794,2; 1800,5; 1801,3; 1806,1; 1808, 2; 1809, 3. Ephraim and Benjamin Adams were the first deacons. The Second Congregational Church was organ- ized October 9, 1851, with fifty-seven members, bu1 within ten years later united with the old church. The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1841. The following is a list of pastors from its organization to the present time: ■u, from December, 1841, to June, 1842; Jacob Boyce, from July, 1842, to July. 1844 ; George W. T. Rogers, from July, 1S44. to June, 1843; Henry Nutter, from June, 1846, to May, 1846; J. W Grumdly, from May, 1846, to June, 1x48; Joseph Hayes, from June, 1.-1-, I- Mn. I M'.i; Jonathan Hall, from June, 1849, to May, 1851; 0. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 11 May, 1 - . 1 , I.. H.-. .- tul .. ■ i , is.'.l ; u I', Pitcher, from De- cember, 1851, l" .lum-, is.-,--.; Jonathan Hull-, from June, 1852, to May, L855; -I r Stinchfield, from May, 1855, to July, 1866; S. G Kellogg, from July, 1856, to July, 1858; David Culver, from January, 1859, to \].ni, i- iS A P llai. I., ' i May, 1859, to April, 1861 l :.. i ;.. Vpril, 1861, to April, 1KI1-J : Inul Taggart, from April, 187(1, to April, 1872 ; Jacob I' Spaulding, from ipril, 1872, to Vpril,1875j ■ rth, i Ipril, 187 - to Vpril, 1 -77 ; 1' W, Johnson, from April, 1877, to September, ls77; G. M. Curl, from September, 1877, to April, 1879; Geo S. Wentworth, from April, 1879, to \piil. 1880; F. II Corson, from .Inn.-, lssn. to \pril, 1883 ; J M Coburn, from June, 1883, to April, 1884. The church has no pastor at the present time. An Unitarian Society was formed here and a meeting-house erected in 1833. Among the ministers were Rev. Mr. Hardin;:, Rev. R. Bates and Rev. Warren Burton. The church is now extinct. CHAPTER IV. NEW IPSWICH— [Continued). APPLETON ACADEMY. 1 WEreadinthe" HistoryofNen [pswich,"tha( though the town had made provision for instruction in the languages, it was lor only a few weeks in the year; and after the close of the Revolutionary War it was not to be supposed that such men as the Farrars, Champneys, Protons. Barretts, Appletons and Kid- ders, who had children growing up, would be satisfied with the advantages enjoyed. In 1861, at a re-union of the alumni of the academy, Hon. John Preston, in responding to the toast, "The Original Founders of the Academy," said, — » As early as 1787, when but one Academy had been - n two men of New Ipswich and other towns in this vicin- ity bound themselves by mutual covenants to contribute theil several proportions to tin- support .1 a -.■)..... I in V u Ipswich, where tin- higln-r branches of knowledge might be taught. In 178! I Academj was in- corporator S f til.- t.nill.l. i - lia.l I.e. a. -..Mi. a- in I Revolution ;all w.-rc flittering from the elnl.ai lassiie-nt- . .cca-i-mol l.y tin- expenses of the war and a depreciated currency, Many of them were involved in debt ; yet, lot Hi.- -al I |„.,inlil,-_- tin- In.-nlisot c.lurntilig rinai . hiMl'-o. tln.-> in. r-as.-.l th..-n il.-l.ts ami .-v.-n morl iarins, liriuly Colo illcol lliat tlu-y o.ul.l leave tli.-it -. hiMi.-n u. I.ga. \ -.. valuable as a good education." Iii the fall <>f 17S7 tin- school opened in adistrict school-house, with Mr. John Hubbard lor its first pre- ceptor. The school nourished and outgrew its first home; so, in 1789, a building, now occupied as a dwelling by Emerson I low,-, was erected, and a charter of incorporation obtained. Trustees were se- lected from those who had been members of the as- sociation, all paper- and money given to the new- board and the old association gave place to the new. Rev. Stephen Farrar was chosen presiden! of the trustees, Dr. John Preston secretary and John Hub- bard was retained as preceptor till his resignation, in 1795. The next year Mr. Samuel Worcester, who had lilted lot- college under .Mr. Hubbard, was se- cured as preceptor, and remained two years, when he resigned to begin his vocation of the ministry in 1798. XI r. Worcester was succeeded by Mr. David Palmer. who remained one year, and the school was closed that winter. The next two terms were under the charge of Mr. Pett i i lochran. In September, 1799, Mr. Warren Pierce took the school for two years. At this time there seems to have been a depression, and the school was closed for two years, to open in 1803 under the care of Mr. Joseph Milliken, who remained till 1807, when Mr. Benjamin White was put in charge for a year. He was succeeded by Mr. Oliver Swain Taylor, who re- cently died in Auburn, X. Y., at the age of one hun- dred. Under Mr. Taylor the school was prosperous, and a goodly number of the daughters, as well as the sons, of the town attended. At this time we find the first lady assistant (Mrs, Mitchell, afterward married to Mr. Peter Batchelder). Mr. Taylor resigned in 1811, and the next few years we find the'school to have been in charge of Messrs. Luke Eastman, Hart Talcott, Jesse Smith and Elijah Demond. In 1817 the town was about to build anew town hall, and an agreement was made with the trustees by which the town and trustees should, to their mutual advantage, join in erecting a building. In 1817 the school was moved to its new rooms, the students marching in procession from the old building to the new. The music on tlii- occasion was furnished by some of their own number, among them being Elijah Bingham and Jonas < 'lackering, whose name litis since been so well-known in musical circles throughout the world. From isl.s to L820 Mr. Earl Smith was preceptor. The school flourished tit this time, and we find in a letter from Mr. Charles Barrett to Mr. Samuel Apple- ton that, besides the building, fifteen hundred dollars had been added to the fund. Soon after this Mr. Samuel Appleton sent some globes and one hundred volumes toward a library, of which the school was in need. At the same time Mr. Isaac Appleton contributed a large and curious folio volume on - ( renealogj -" The next four or five years were under Messrs. Amasa Edes, Rufus Putnam and Cranmore Wallace. In 1827, under Mr. Seth H. Keeler, the school was very small. Mr. Robert A. Coffin, assisted bj his wile, held the school from 1828 to 1833 with great success. During this time Mrs. Dolly Everett, sister of the Appletons, presented the school with a bell. Mr. Coffin was lollowed by his assistant, Mr. Stephen T. Allen, who was highly commended by the trustees when he resigned at tin- end of the following year. From 1835 to 1st], Mr. Charles Shedd was preceptor, and front 1S41 to 1844, Messrs. Josiah Crosby, James K. Colby and Aimer Warner were in charge. In 1844, Mr. Edward A. Lawrence began bis suc- cessful work, which lasted till his resignation, in 1851. NEW IPSWICH. At the meeting of the alumni in 1861 allusion is made to him by the chronicler as follows: "After a season canie Edward, whose Burname waa Lawrence, a wise in. hi. « halt uprightly and walked in his integrity. Ami his days w. n- iijiiknl l.v gentleness anil peace. Many children of the people drew nigh unto his loving-kindness, ami Ihey took s\v. - .. . . gethex and walked to the Bouse of God in com] v Now the rest of the acts of Edward, anil his many kind words, ami hi- g [ness, they an' graven with the point uf a diamond mi tin' taMots .'1 air memory." On September 11. 1850, the town celebrated its cen- tennial, and many of its distinguished sons ami daughters were present. On account of great age and infirmities, Samuel Appleton was unable to attend, but sent, a letter, in which he says, — which I hupe will nii-t-t the approbation ot all : ' Tin- Literary Institu- tion- of New Hampshire in general, ami tin- A.'.i'l'- 1 1 1 \ ol Neu Ip-ueh in particular ; ' ami In enable thai institution l.i a-s n- t r -lairl- ing and extend its Intim useful ti-.^s, I, Sainu.'l Appleton, ol r..-1'n. - i ■ ■ hereby promise lo pa\ in Iln Tl nsteo- of N.\i l|.-\M.h \. n-l.-iu v, t..i the lienefit of said Academy, the lln.ui.aiid dull. us .n ,l. n, ,n ; After the applause, which the reading of this letter excited, had ceased, Dr. Augustus A. Gould, of Bos- ton, one of New Ipswich's sons, rose and promised to give to the academy an extensive collection of shells, plants and other objects of natural history whenever the resident citizens would furnish suitable cases for their arrangement and preservation. At the same meeting a committee, consisting of lion. Samuel Batchelder, Hon. Timothy Parrar, Jonas Chickering, Esq., Dr. A. A. Gould and Frederic Kidder, were chosen to solicit money for a permanent fund for t lie academy. Such an impulse had been given by the (lunations of Mr. Appleton and Mr. Gould that the resident and other friends of the school resolved to erect ■ > building suited to the future requirements of the institution, and money for the purpose was given by S iiniiel Appleton, Nathan Appleton, Jonas ( 'bick- ering, the Kidders, Champneys, Barretts, Prestons, Thayers and many others. Mr. Elihu T. Quimby took charge of the school after the resignation of Mr. Lawrence, in 1853 the present academy building was begun, a large two-story brick building, situated on fine grounds commanding an extensh e view. In the spring of 1854 the new rooms were ready for oc- cupation. The first Moor of the building was devoted to recitation-rooms; by a broad, easy stair-way the second story was reached, on which were situated the 1 irge school hall, library, room for philosophical ap- paratus and a museum for the promised gift of Dr. Gould, who, shortly alter the completion of the cases, came to superintend the arrangement of the cabinet. Among other things is a very valuable and complete geological collection, part of which was L'iven to Dr. Gould by his friend, Sir Charles Lyell, and many of the inscriptions are in Lady Lyell's handwriting. Another branch of the collection bad been given to Dr. Gould by Colonel Ezekiel Jewett, a native of Rindge, who served in the War of 1812 and also in the South American War. Still later in life he be- came famous for his researches in minerals and shells. In 1854 the academy received from the esecutors of the will of Samuel Appleton, who had recently died. twentj thousand dollars, making his total gilt to the school fund twenty-live thousand dollars ; and a! I his time, in recognition of his kindness, the name of the school u a- changed to New Ipswich Appleton Academy. In the summer of 1861, al the request of friends of the academy, .Mr. Quimby, the principal, issued a circu- lar, a portion of which follows : I. ii l.i an mat h\ I! IV Kingsbury, Perry, Ef ol Brooklyn, N. Y., has \ l'i rton, Esq., "I New I psv, ah, red to make tin- day pleas-ant and We read in the record of that day that a large number of the alumni and friends of the school met on Wednesday, September, IS, 1861, at nine A.M., in the old academy hall. The meeting was called to order by Rev. Samuel Lee. one of the board of trus- tees, and the following officers of the day were chosen: President, Deacon N. D. Gould, of Boston, Mass.; Vice-President, Hon. John Preston, of New- Ipswich; Marshal, Colonel John P.Clark, of New Ipswich; Chaplain, Rev. Perley 11. Davis, of Andover, Mass; Secretary, John N. Stearns, Esq., of New York. After the business of the day bad been transacted, a procession was formed on the green in front of the old academy in the following order : Tie- Mar-lial and Aids. I' i licis past an. I |. le.nl . of tils' Academy. Alumni. 'flic procession moved through the principal streets of the village to the large hall in the new academy building, which was tilled to overflowing. The presi- dent of the day, Deacon N. 1). ( rOUld, a vigorous man, though in his eightieth year, upon calling the as- sembly to order, made a short address, in which he said, — torj "t i lie Icademj as myself, "i »i -ay. a- I - an, that of the IIiiiH la,, on filial foliml.Ti- "f tin- instil lltii ill, "f the till' gentlemen who have been fmin tunc I., nine its trustees, ami of the twenty-eighl i ptore who have successfully had its chat I have known every one, and lac.' been Intimately acquainted with mosl ol An oration was then delived by I'.. P.. Kingsbury, Esq., entitled '•True Heroism" and its connection with the life of the scholar. The oration was fol- lowed by a poem written and delivered by Timothy Perry, which was received with great favor by the audience. The poem was followed by the " Word of 624 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. the Prophet Benammi," by William A. Preston. The ancient and allegorical style in which the prophet treated numerous incidents in the history of the academy provoked hearty merriment among the most dignified in the assembly. It was in the first year of our Civil War. s i after our defeat, when Hull Run and Manassas Gap awak- ened sad memories in all hearts, ami it was in allu- sion to these events that the chronicler, who refers to New Ipswieh as Gilead and the academy as the tabernacle, foretells the final triumph of the right, and invokes the blessings of Heaven upon our cause as follows : "6. And the children of tin- Xortli hasted and went down to the con- flict, and among them were many from the land ..t oil. id of the tabernacle, men of might and men of war. hi for the battle, that could handle the shield and buckler; whose faces were like the fares of upon the mountains. "7. And they girded on theii armor, even the glittering Bpearand the sword, and were terrible as an army with hauliers. "8. And they said one to another: 'Gilead is mine, " 9. And they trembled not at the sound of the trumpets, the thunder of the captains and the shouting, aud they fought from the rising of the sun to the going down thereof. " 10. And, lo, even now their arnioi is not laid aside, and even now can we hear the trampling of l! hariot,- and the midnight sky is red with the glare of the battle. "11. But we remembered how in the days of old stood Phineas, the il 'aron, before the Ark of the Covi I. .ax- ing: 'Shall I > battle against the children of Benja- min in brother, or shall I . ease " "12. Andth ' ., for to-morrow I will deliver them into thine hand.' " I::. And \\e weri- eouiforted, and bade our children be of _ 1 cheer, tot lie who led bl- people with a pillai ol fire by night, and a pillar of cloud by day, would not forsake u> in tin, out I hie. but would be our strong fortress, and a -bade upon ,,„, right h i "14. ' But tie- ey 1 the prophet Iienanniii wax din as if in a vision, that the land of Gilead shall again How with milk am! honey ; that it- garnet- .hall I., lull to ,o orrlowing; "lo. That this label naele *hall -till .end forth blessings without num- ber, and that our children and oni children's children shall come up hither to learn that whu I, s _ i, md .boll do liouoi and reverence to those who. ill old time, established this abode of W i-doiu. "16 Let them walk in their integi ,-il neither the Pestilent e thai walketli in darkness, nor the destruction that wasteth at noonday: till, beneath their own vine, and among their own kindred, the silver cord is loosed, and the golden bowl is broken, "17. To thee, our foster-mother, Hail! Peace be within thy walls, \ within thy palaces. "18, for my brethren and companions' sake, I will m During the next t\-w years many valuable philo- sophical and chemical instruments were added to the school laboratories. Mr. Ira Holden, of Baltimore, Md., gave a fine air-pump; Mr. Jeremiah Prichard, of Boston, a large electrical machine, and, from time to time, many other instruments have been given by other friends. Rev. E. T. Rowe succeeded Mr. Quimby in 1865, and remained till 1868, when Mr. Earl W. Westgate was put in charge of the school. In 1872, Mr. John Herbert took charge of the school, and remained till 1874, when William A. Preston, Esq., became principal, and the school still remains in his care. The school fund has, within a few years, been increased live thousand dollars by the bequest of the late Isaac Spalding, of Nashua, a native of Xew Ipswich. Among the prominent men who have been students at the academy are Chief Justice Ap- pleton, of Maine: Levi Woodbury, of the Supreme Court of the United States; Amos Kendall, Post- master-General of the United States; Marshall P. Wilder, of Boston; Dr. George C. Shattuck, of Bos- ton; the famous surgeon, Dr. Amos Twitchell, of Kcene, and many others. At the New Hampshire festival in Boston, in 1850, five of the twelve vice- presidents were sons of Xew Ipswich and former members of the academy. The following gentlemen have, at various times, been trustees: Rei Stephen Farrar, I barb-- Barrett, Esq . Ephraim Hartwell, Esq., Joseph Brown Rei Seth Payson Re\ 1'auiel i:»i iie, 1M w I-. Jacob Abbot, John Hubbard, Dr. John Preston, Hon. Ti tin lunar. : ' 'lb i Noah Md. s, Jonathan Si at i i, ft i kbel 1 iski . Robert Smith, Ebeneaer Edwards, Jeremiah I'ri. hard, lev Coin, liu- Kildei, lioinumiii I'h.uupney, Ksij , Pr. John 1're-ton. Jl . Rev. Richard Hall, Samuel Hat. h elder. Rev, l.beu.v,., iijn, |;, V . '"""' Pa r, Charles Barrett, N lb Gould, In Jl I Tho Beedet Petei Fell Joseph Barrett, Rei [saw I: Barbour, 0. ■ haries Walker, Rev. A. B . Burnnai ,1,1 n t ,. rar, John Clark, William Ainsworth, Isaac Ida as, J i 1 " ! ' Ftedi '.Adams, William W. Johnson, G ge Barrett, Stephen Thayer, William Olmstead, Supply I li \m [in- A Could. William A l*reston Rev. Calvin Cutler, Newton Brooks, Edwei d ~p,,:,,.. M.t'h, - H Thomas II Marshall, Frank w. Preston Fn lerii ,i nea, Jeremiah Smith, John I Davis, lia s Holden, Thomas G Appleton I! w lorn, x . bo.iue, Wallat - CHAPTER V. IPSWICH— I Continued). M ihe Manufacturers' Bank— The Xew Ipswich Bank — The New Ipswich Sawngs-Bank— The Pres — Physicians— Post-otfice— Manu- : re, F. and \. M -Watatii l Ig. t.O.ofO.] — Civil History — Kepresehlativos 1 Town Clerks from Incorporation ol 'low,, to 1886. The Manufacturers' Bank was chartered in 1820, with a capital of $100,000. The first president was Charles Barrett, who held the position until his death. Thomas B. Fearing was the first cashier. He was succeeded by William Ainsworth, and .Mr. Ainsworth by George Barrett. The New Ipswich Bank was chartered in 1848, with a capital of $100,000. J. M. Minol was presi- dent, and George Barrett cashier. William A. Pres- ton succeeded Mr. Barrett as cashier in 1861. The hank closed about 1867. The New Ipswich Savings-Bank was incorporated January 3, 1849. The incorporators were Isaac Adams. Joseph Barrett, Jeremiah Smith. Nathan Sanders. John P. Clark. James Chandler. Ephraim H. Farrar, George Sanders, William W. Johnson. Supply Wilson, George Barrett, John Preston, Hiram Smith and Stephen Smith. The incorporators met February 10, 1849, and chose the following trustees: William W. Johnson, Joseph Barrett, James Chandler. Nathan Sanders, NEW IPSWICH. Jeremiah Smith, Supply Wilson, George Barrett, Hiram Smith and Stephen Smith. The trustees above-named met February 24, 1849, and the following officers were chosen: Jeremiah Smith as president, John Preston as treasurer. The presidents in order and time of service are as follows: Jeremiah Smith. 1849 to 1873, resigning on account of ill health; James Chandler, 1873 to 1878, resigning on account of ill health; William W. John~oii. 1878 to L883; George Whiting, 18S3 to 18S6. The treasurers in order and time of service are John Preston, 1849 until his death, in March, 1807; William A. Preston, son of John Preston, 1867 to 1875; Frank W. Preston, son of John Preston, 1875 to 1886. The present standing committee arc George Whit- ing, Henry < ). Preston, Frederick Jones and Edward O.Marshall. Present board of trustees arc William W. Johnson, George Whiting, William A. Preston, Ephraim F. Fox, George W. Wheeler (2d), Frederick Jones, Frank W. Preston, Henry < ). Preston and Edward ( ). Marshall. The first three depo-ii,- wen a- follows: February 27, 1849, Charles Aimer Chickering, $13; March 30, 1849, Joseph Howard Sanders, $6.50; March 31,1849, Frank Whipple Preston, $13. The amount of deposits January, INN."., were $77,- 091. The Press. — On New Year's morning, 1802, a small pamphlet was found distributed at almost every man's door. It was entitled "The New Year's Gift, 01 Naughty Folks Reformed;" by his Honor, Isaac Iambic. The avowed object of the muse was to The management of singing and singing-schools and the preceptor of the academy are castigated, with sun- dry hits at hard drinking, swearing and lying and many other topics. The excitement produced was very great, and the effect was highly beneficial in suppressing the follies and quarrels of the citizens. Every one stood in terror of Isaac, who had declared that he should do his duty, and that every New Year they should have his gift, and moreover, that he will "toll til.' truth, but will lio! -pair Little "I- great a single hair : Ami when you tell a lie or swear. IXp' rl \i.lil ll 0-1 e t Ll:,il>n: llii'H', T< b i it i your Dame, and then to lift It into his next Msio Fear's Gift." The threats of vengeance from those who had been directly alluded to were loud and long. The sin of authorship was laid at many a door, but no satisfac- tory clue to it was then obtained. Indeed, we believe the name of the author has never yet been fully dis- closed. His two coadjutors were faithful, ami he so artfully diverted attention hy ca-tlualniL' '•' well a- his father, hinting "How s 1 It r, tie v that he escaped detection. A somewhat similar commotion was produced, :> dozen year- or more afterwards, hy the circulation of -one verses entitled "The Ladies' Looking-Glass," amed a i some of the prevalent follies of the day. Tin: Press of New Ipswich. 1 — Early in the year 1815, Simeon Ide, then in his twenty-first year, having si rved an apprenticeship with Farnsworth& Church- hill, publishers of the Vermont Republican, at Windsor, procured of Monroe ,v Francis, of Boston, a small two- pull Lineage press, a font of second-hand bourgeois type, weighing three hundred and ftfty-fivi badly worn, and other material necessary for printing an edition of the New Testament. This In- placed in a blacksmith-shop on his father's farm, situated "over the hills," in the southwest coiner of New Ipswich, about four miles from the Centre village and three miles easterly from the village of Bindge. Having pr,, cured paper from the mill of Samuel Smith, Esq., of Peterborough, with the assistance of a sister not yet i wel\ e years ( if age. he ci uupletedan edition of five thou- sand copies of the New Testament, in duodecimo form, three hundred and seventy-five pages, in i hi five months. — lie doing the press-work at "half-press," while his sister did nearl} all the case-work. This is believed to be the first edition of the New Testament published in the State. In order that this, his first publication, might he as free a- possible of errors, lie engaged the Rev Dr. Payson, of Rindge, to read the proof-sheets, ami walked to the doctor's house, a dis- tance of three miles, twice a week to read proofs with him. To give greater currency to the edition, he prevailed upon Dr. Payson to allow him to insert upon the title-page, "Revised and corrected by Rev. S. Payson, D.D." Some of the doctor's friend- get- ting I he impression that he had been attempting a new translation, he was not a little troubled; but .Mr. Me came to his relief by placing over the o line a primed slip, on which were the words, " First New Ipswich Edition." < hie thousand copies, in full binding, were sold to the New Hampshire Bible So- ciety for two hundred and eighty dollars— much below the cost — in order to raise the money tor his SUpplj ofpaper. The remainder of the edition was retailed ai fifty cents a copy. Mr. Ide also printed -.-col sermons, pamphlets and .-mall 1 ks for tie- young, during the term of about one year he remained with I,,- father al the homi stead. \.mong the hitter were "Franklin's Way to Wealth." "Prompter," " Sket- ches of Franklin's Life and Character" (written by Mr. Ide while an apprentice), "The i o Robert Blair, "Gray's Elegy," etc. About the same time Solomon Wilder removed to 026 history <>f mi.i,si;(n;uri;ii corxTV, new Hampshire. Now Ipswich from Leominster, Mass., with a printing apparatus of the rudest sort, even for thus,- days. He didjoba in the wa\ of posters for vendues, farm sales, probate notices, etc. He also printed toy-hooks, with cuts of a very questionable styleofart, ami an occa- sional pamphlet; but beyond this he did not aspire. He did most of the printing demanded by the locality for many years. 7v New Tpswich Register was published by Mark Miller in 1833, and had hut a short life. Tht Newt- Gatherer was published by King&Hewes in 1836. The New Ipswich Times, a small sheet, is now pub- lished quarterly by Emery & Allen. ( reorge I). Burton commenced printing in New Ips- wich in 1871. With a press seven by nine inches, ami a small stock of type, mostly purchased on credit, he opened in a small room opposite the hotel. His principal work was address and husine.-s cards, pro- cured by advertising from abroad. Being successful in this, and having paid off his indebtedness, in 1872 he purchased more type and a plough paper- cutter. In 1874 he commenced the publication of the AVw EiKjbind Star, an eight-page, thirty-two column ama- teur paper, published monthly, at fifty cents a year, printed at the office of the Cheshire Republican, at Keene. At first one thousand copies were issued, and the circulation continued to increase monthly. The advertisements so called in work that in the spring of 1875 an eight-inch Gordon press was purchased, and more spacious quarters were found for the busi- ness in the two-and-a-half story block opposite Thayer's cigar-factory. Soon after a Hoe press, with platen twenty-six by twenty-eight, was added, and a large outfit of wood and metal type. In the fall of 1875, Mr. Burton received from the postmaster a cer- tificate that he furnished and receh cd lnoremail matter each day than all the other inhabitants combined. That thenar had some shining qualities is evidenl from the fact that in the spring of 1 S7t; it had attained a circulation of between live thousand and six thou- sand. In that year it was sold to William M. Pem- berton, of Ansonia, Conn. In the spring of 1877, such was the run of job-work from abroad that an- other press was demanded and procured ; also a thirty- two-inch Sanborn power paper-cutter and a four horse- power engine. New shafting was put in. and the business run by steam. Many large business houses in Boston ami other huge [daces procured their print- in- at this office. A machine-shop was also annexed, in the rear of the building, t'or the manufacture of small novelties. Everything continued prosperous till the fall of 1877, when, on a calm, (bar November evening, the office having been run to a late hour to meet the crowd of work, theownerand his co-laborers were summoned from their incipient slumbers to see tin- whole establishment vanish as in an hour by the insatiable tire-fiend. The amount of loss can be judged from the foregoing sketch, and the fact that seven hands were constantly employed in this office. Physicians.— The first physician was John Pres- ton, who came in 1762, ami for some time was the only physician in the town. He was followed by Drs. Thomas Swain, Eben H. Goss, Nathan Breed, John Preston, Jr., Timothy Preston, James Barr, Moses Farwell, Calvin Brown, William Galleys, John Clough, Henry Gibson, L. II. Cochran. Dr. Kitter- edge, Frederick Jones. 1 Stillman Gibson, George M. Gage, James Emerson, John M. Rami, Francis N. < ribson, 1 John Cutler, Frederick W. Jones. 1 The Post-Office at New Ipswich was established, in 1800, with Samuel Batchelder, Sr„ postmaster. The following is a list of the postmasters from that time to the present : Sampson Fletcher. Josiah W. Spaul- ding, 'barbs Hastings, Jr., Charles Chickering, Ed- ward M. Isaacs, John I*. Davis, John G. Leonard, Charles A. Whitney, Henry O. Preston (the present incumbent). The first Cotton-Mill in New Hampshire was es- tablished in this town, in 1804, by Charles Bobbins, Charles Barrett and Benjamin Champney. Robbins was a practical manufacturer, and was to receive for his services and skill S2.7"> per day, and the others to furnish the means for conducting the business. The mill went into operation in December, 1804, and con- tained five hundred spindles. Four and a half pounds of yarn were spun on the first day, which was sold to I harles Kohl, ins for $3.42. June 11, 1805, the Legis- lature of New Hampshire, on the petition of Charles Barrett and others, passed an " Act to encourage the manufacture of Cotton Yarn in the town of New Ips- wich, in this Slate" Other factories were built from time to time; but the only one now in existence in the town is the Co- lumbian Manufacturing Company, which manufac- tures cotton goods, denims, stripes, etc. The woolen manufacture was also carried on at one time in this town. John Everett commenced the manufacture ol woolens as early as 1810; but it was abandoned in 1826. Slavery in New Ipswich.— Slavery at one time existed in this town, and the minister, the doctor, the magistrate, the deacon and the captain all were slave- owner-. The first one owned in town was a man belonging to Deacon Adams. Tradition says he was -.cry discontented when comparing the solitudes of the wilderness with the cleared fields, of old Ipswich. Soon after. Colonel Kidder had two, one of whom was a girl, who died young; Caesar, the man, was purchased in ( Ihelmsford, for ten pounds, » hen seven years obi. Scipio, owned by Captain Hoar; Patience, by Rev. Stephen Farrar; Boston, by Doctor Preston, St.; and Grace, by Paul Prichard, died young. The first Burial-Place in the town was near the first meeting-house. 1 Now in practice. NEW IPSWICH. 627 Watatic Lodge of Odd-Fellows was instituted ,111 Bethel Lodge, No. 24, F. and A. Masons, was chartered August 22, 1815, and John Everett was first Master. The present membership is about thirty-five, among whom is Silas Wheeler, who re- ceived his Entered Apprentice degree at the first meeting held for work, September 12, 1815. Civil History.— The following is a list of town- clerks and representatives from the incorporation of the town to 1886: 762. — Moses Tucker, tow j clerk. 763.— Timothy Heald, ti ra clerk. 764.— Ichabod How, tovi clerk. 70o. — Bi-njaiuiil \dam-. own clerk 17(3'',. — IiiternjL'iunii. 767.— Isaac Appleton, tov ■n clerk. 17ns.— Benjamin Adams, own cleri ns, town clerk. 1770. — Benjamin Adams, town clerk. 1771. — John Preston, town clerk. 1772. — Benjamin vdams, town clerk. 1773.— Benjamin Adams, town clerk. 1774.— Timothy Farrar, town clerk. 1775.— William Shattuck, representative . Isaac How, town clerk. 1770.— Joseph Hates, i .-( ■, — r, r ., t , v .■ I- II. .w. t,,wn clerk. 1777. — Benjamin Adams, representative ; Isaac How, town clerk. 177s.— John Piv>t,,n, repie-enlative ; Isaac Appleton. town clerk. 1779.— Ebenezer Champney, representative; Isaac Appleton, towi 1780.— John Brown, representative ; Isaac How, town .Ink. 1781.— Timothy Farrar, representative; Benjamin Adams, t.iwi clerk. 1782.— Ephraim Adams, representative ; Isaa. Mow, town clerk. 1783.— Epliraim Adams, representativ, , Ji - Horsley, town clerk 1784. — Epliraim A, lam-, representative ; .lames Hot-ley, town clerk. 1785. — Epliraim Adams,, representative James Horsley, town clerk. 1786.— John Preston, representative; Isaac Ippleton, town clerk. 1787.— Charles Barrett, representative . [saac Appleton, town clerk. 1788.— Charles Barrett, representative ; Isaac Appleton, town clerk. 17S9.— Clonics Barrett, representative ; Isaac Appleton, tow,, , I.-rk. 1790. — Charles Barrett, representative ; Isaac Appleton, town clerk. 1791.— Charles Barrett, representative; Jeremiah Prichard, tow clerk. 1792.— Charles Barrett, representative ; Jeremiah Prichard, tow- clerk. 1703. — Charles I'.arrett, representative ; Jeremiah Prichard, tow- clerk. .94. — Jeremiah Pri hard rept Jeremiah Prichard, John Huhhard, -Samuel Batchelder, representative John Preston, town clerk. -Samuel Batrhcldor, rept. tentative , John Pie-ton, town clerk. Samu, l Bat, held, ,. ,• presentative . J, hn Preston to -Samuel ItatclieWer, ropi e.enlal , v ,• ; .loin, l'ivsl.,n, town clerk. -\. 11. Gould, representative ; John Preston, town clerk. -N. I>. ,0.,,1,1, representative ; Samuel Hatch, -|,ler, tow II clerk. -Charles liar, ell. 1 , pi ,-o„t,iln e ; Samuel Hat, I, elder, town -X. I" I0,ul,l, representative: Samuel Hatclielder, town , I. 1 1, —Charles Han, -it, representative; Samuel Batchelder, town -Charles Barretl Sat 1 Batch l,j:j._si,.p],. epic-, ntalive , S;t 1 Hal, heMer. town 1797.— Jeremiah Prichard, representative . Jeremiah Prichard, town I ; ,- ., hat les Bam 11. representativi ; Seth « heeler, town clerk. 1799.— Jeremiah Prichard, representative , Noan Bartlett, town lerk. lsun.— Jeremiah Prichard, re|,resentative ; Xuah Bartlett, town clerk. 1801. — Ehenezer Champney, representative : Noah Bartlett, town lerk. 1802. — Jeremiah Prichard, representative : John Preston, town clerk, lso:;.— Noah B.ntlett. representative : John Preston, town clerk. Isol -V,,,h P.... II, tt, representative . John Preston, town clerk. 1805 —Noah Bartlett, representative; John Preston, town clerk. lso, .. — Nod, Bartlett, representative ; John Preston, town clerk. 1807.— Noah Bartlett, representative. John Preston, town clerk. l.sos.— Xoal, Baitlett. 1. 1 eiitalive ; John Preston, town . 1,-rk 1809.— Noah Bartlett, representative ; rohn Preston, town clerk. 1810.— Isaiah Kidder, representative; John Preston, town clerk. ISll.-Samuel Batchelder, i.-pr illative; John pie-ton. town cleik. 1812.— Samuel Batchelder. repre tative ; John Preston, town clerk. 1824.— Stephen Wheeler, representative ; K H. Fanar, town clerk. 1825.— Charles Barrett, representative ; V. II. Farrar, town clerk. 1826.— Charles Barren, repie-eutaiive . 1:, II Farrar, town clerk. 1827.— Stephen Wheeler, representativi . I II Farrar, town clerk. Isjs -Stephen Wheeler, representative ; I. II. Fanar, town clerk. 1829. Stl pbeu \\ I,. ■ !■-,. r. 1 -i — lit ,,,ve , .1. leiuiali Smith, town .lerk. I . I II Farrar, town clerk. II 1 II Farrar, town clerk. . l Wheeler, representativi I H. Farrar, town clerk. 1833.— John Preston, representativ, 1. II Farrar, town clerk. 1834.— Seth King, representative E II Farrar, town clerk. 1835.— Seth King, repi ntative ; I. II Farrar, town clerk. 1836 —Stephen Wheeler, representative ; i. II Farrar, town • lerk. 1837.— Seth King, representative ; F II Farrar, town clerk 1838.— John lv-ton. representative John Gould, Ji , town clerk. ]s:;:i. — lereiuiah Suiilli, representative ; John Could, Jr., town , lerk. 184(1 Jeremiah Smith, re sentative ; John,; d. Jr. town clerk ; Edward M. Isaacs 1 • nil vacancy 1841 —William A111-W..11I1, representative ; John Clark, town clerk. , . : u .,, v, :,-„.., ji,, p.pie-eiit.i nve . Henry I-aacs to fill vacan I . 1 . I ,j, : , |'|. -t. 1 • ] 1 ■ ntative John cl.n ... i..w n 0I.1 k. - ; 1 1 ■,, p n. t. •].!',■>.■ 1 native ; .loh 11 rl.iik, town clerk. 1M . —John l'|e-t..|i. lepie.entativ. ; John Clark, town ■ lerk. 1M0.— John Prestv eprrsentative , John (lark, town ■ h-ik 1847.— John Preston and Jeremiah Sinilh, representative- . Join, Clark, town clerk l-|s .1,1 cm,., I, smith cud Samuel I , 1, pi, -e 111, ,11, os ; John Clark, town clerk. 1849.— Samuel 1 and .1. remiah Smith, representatives . John Clark, 1850.— James Chandler and Frederick .lone., representatives; John Clark, town clerk. ps,:,l.— James I 'handler and John Preston, tepresei datives ; John ( lark, town clerk. isvj— llosea Eaton and John Preston, representatives; Charles A. Jonathan Hall, i,-| iv-eni , Jonathan Hall, representatives ; Charles Jonathan Hall, representatives; Charles 1855.— Hosea Eat Whitney, town clerk. 1856.— Christopher Whitney and Stephen Thayer, representatives; Charles \ Whitney, town clerk 1857.— William W. Johnson and James chandler, representatives; Charles A. Whitney, town 1 111. 1S5S.— E. JI. Isaacs and William W. .lohn-oii, r-pl motives : Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. 1859.— Charles B. Marshall and Henrj " Pi , harlee \ Whitney, town clerk. [860 Charles B. Marshall and Henry 11 Preston, representatives ; Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. 1861.— Nathan samlet- and me Baydon, represent., 1 r A Whitney, town clerk. lsiVJ. -jSiinni-l I..-.-, i.-pr,-, ntalive , I,,, ih- A Whitney, town clerk, m 1 .00,,, ,. pl ntative ; Charles A, Whitney, town clerk 1864.— John V. Davis, representative; Charles \. Whitney, town 1805.— John F. Davis, representative; Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. 1866.— Hosea Eaton, representative; Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. L867.— Hosea Eaton, representative ; Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. i! i Fat. .11, representative ; Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. ■ til \ I'lesteti, r.-].i tit^iti\ .- ; Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. 1870.— William A. Pr. -i Whitney, town 1.S71. — Francis X niC-oh !■ pi. -.■Nt.iuv , Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. lsT'2. — Francis X Gibson, representative ; i harles \ Whitney, town clerk. i ink W. Preston, representative ; Charles A Whitney, town !, W . I'rv-lmi. repr.-, nt iti\e ; Charles \ \\ 1 1 1 1 n . \ |.mu 1>7.'..— William W. Johnson, r-pr-— ntativt- ; Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. 1876.— William « ■ ' , Charles A. Whitney, town clerk. 1*77—1'. X. Seymour, representative : Charles \ Whitney, town clerk. Is7s.-p.-tei H. riark. representative j Charles \ V clerk; Henry 0. Preston t.. till vacancy, 1879.— Peter 11. Clark, representative John W. Cummings, town clerk ; lien Preston to fill i 1>si.i.— Charlei. W heeler, rcpresentatii e ; Kail 11. Farwell, town clerk lssL— Charles Wl ler, r. pies, nlal i i . ; Carl II F.u well, town clerk. 1882.— Edwanl i.i Mai-hall, representative : Earl 11. Farwell ami Eugene F. Adams, town clerks. [883 i Iwanl i >. Marshall. r.-|.i i I Marsh, Ji , i l i M '■ ■ i , Jl town clerk. 1884.— Warren Pratt, representativi ; J. l. I Marsh, Jr., town clerk. 1885.— Warren Pratt, n ■ i i Marsh, Jr., town clerk. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES .mux PKESTON. The first of the name of Preston to come to New Ipswich was John, in 1760, .it the age of twenty-two, son of Captain Samuel, of Littleton, Mass., who was a descendant of John, of Andover, and the name John seems to be a family heirloom from a time when the memory of man runneth not to 1 ntrary. Captain Samuel Preston wasabrave commander in the French aid Indian War. ami John, — so family legendstell us — was a fearless J ! -"I ilier in his lather's company. Little fighting was the capture of Quebec by Wolfe in 1759, and the next year John laid aside the sword lor the scalpel, and settled in this town as a physician. The doctor was a fortnight younger than the new minister. Rev. Stephen Farrar, who was ordained the same year, ami the two young men became last friends. That the doctor's livi|iicnt visits to the parsonage won- not wholly due to his interest in theology is evident by his niani.-i^c, in 17C4. to Rebecca, the min- ter. oi' which marriage were horn eleven children, of whom the eldest son- of course, named John — was horn February 15, 177o. The doctor wa- tt stanch Whig during the Revolution ; succei ded Ins brother-in-law, Judge Timothy Farrar, as member of ition to frame tic State Constitution ; was one of the founders of the academe, and for inane years its secretary; his son-in-law, John Hubbard, being its first preceptor. He tilled the various town offices of town clerk, selectman and representative, and till his death, in 1803, was a leader of public opinion. The house which he built and always occu- pied has remained in the possession of the family, and is now owned by his granddaughter, Miss King. Hi- -on John, born, as we have -aid, February 15, 1770, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1791, and, like Ins lather, was a physician, a portion of his medical studies being with Dr. Holyoke, of Salem He mis a good townsman, was town clerk tor sixteen years, was,like his father, secretary of the academy, and built the house now owned by his nephew . Henry (i. Preston. In 1798 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Judge Ebenezer Champney, and of this marriage were born ten children, of whom John, the subject of our sketch, was born April 12. 1802. The doctor died in 1828. Hi- mother. Rebecca (Farrar) Preston, died the following year. At the time of John's birth, April 12, 1802, the doctor had not finished his new house, and was living in the house built by Noah Cooke, grandfather of Professor J. P. Cooke, of Har- vard College, and now owned by the heirs of Edward F. Preston. A few years later, when he was living in the new house on lite turnpike, and when John was about ten veins ld, the store of Samuel Batchelder, but a few rods distant, caught fire on a cold winter night, and John sprang from his bed, and without waiting for shoe- or stockings, ran through the snow- to awaken the neighbors. A severe illness followed this exposure, producing subsequent lameness and disease, from which he was a constant and acute suf- ferer tcrr more than fifty years, resulting at hist in his death, on the 5th of March, 1867. He fitted for col- lege tit the academy, of which he. like his father ami grandfather, was for many years secretary ; and en- tered Harvard College in 1819, in the time of Presi- dent Kirklaud; a relative, Professor John Farrar, being one of the faculty. During the course he was use the strictest economy, and one year re- ceived but eighteen dollars aid from his father, earning the balance of his expenses by writing and school- keeping. He was tt member of the Institute of 177". of the Hasty Pudding and also of the Medical Fac- ulty, a noted society which was founded a year before he entered, and in which his ready wit made him a leading member. His classmate, Rev. George Ripley, of i lie New York Tribune, writes of him: "In college lie wa- distinguished for his successful devotion to study, the rare kindness of his disposition and his friendly and winning manners." Other members of his class were John P Robinson, humorously assailed by Lowell in the Biglow Papers, and Governor Dorr, of Rhode Island, who, while in prison, read with emotion a .speech in his behalf by Mr. Preston in the New Hampshire Senate. He was fond of his class- mates and fond of his college, and in after-years de- lighted to ramble through the college-ground- with //t/i NEW TI'SWH'll. r.-j<> his sons, pointing out the various rooms lie had occu- pied ; among them one in the noted Weasel Den, near the present location of College House. After gradu- ating he commenced the study of law, a portii 1 the time with George F. Farley, then at New Ipswich, and also with Judge Samuel Hnhhard, at Boston. It was while in Boston that his winning alluded to by Mr. Ripley, attracted the attention of an old Scotchman, who was but recently from Abbotsford, who said to .Mr. Preston :" Ye mind me, lad, of the great Sir Walter, ye're aye sac cheerie." While in the office of Mr. Farley, a fellow-student and towns- man was John Appleton, Maine's famous chief justice. On October 27, L828, Mr. Preston married Elizabeth Smith French, horn in Boston, March 1, 1808, and the daughter of Al.ram and Elizabeth (Kidder) French, and tor two or three years practiced law in Townsend, Mass., but in 1831 came hack to New Ipswich and purchased the house in the Centre vil- lage once owned by his grandfather, Judge Champney, where he afterwards resided, and still later purchased his grandfather's farm, lying along the river. [n this connection we will quote a paragraph from the "Annual Report or' the Trust lesofthe New Hamp- shire Insane Asylum," in reference to him, published soon after his death, lie having been a member of the hoard for eleven years : " He was very fond of agri- culture, and the State had few more intelligent or successful farmers than Mr. Preston. Flis efforts to promote an intelligent, sound and practical agriculture were earnest and constant, and their influence will remain for generations to come.'' Soon after his return to New Ipswich, in L831, the questions of temperance and anti-slavery began to be discussed, and both reforms found a warm champion in Mr. Preston. He introduced and secured the adop- tion of resolutions in town-meeting, as early as 1835, to suppress the sale of liquor, was the president of the first total abstinence society in the town and his zeal for the cause ended only with his life. In politics he was a strongWhig, and especially fond of Henry Clay, whose birth-day, like his own, was April 12th; but although to ally one's self to the cause of anti-slavery at that time meant social os- tracism and insult, which was peculiarly trying to one of his genial nature, yet he turned away from his former associates and was one of the little band known as the Liberty party in 1*44, and never faltered in the faith till he was rewarded by seeing the slave sys- tem overthrown. He was many years in the Legis- lature, was Senator from District No. '.) when all other members of the Senate were Democratic, was the Free-Soil candidate for Congress in IMS and was supported by tin ■ Free-Soilers in the Legislature for United States Senator in 1852. Though not believing the course of William Lloyd Garrison to be wise in refusing to vote, lie was a sub- scriber to the Liberator, and his house, as well as that id entertained for him Mr Preston now lies on, bearing witness to It perhaps should be of his sister's husband, Elisha I.. Hammond, was the home for the long array of Garrisonian speakers thai went through the laud arousing the sluggish con- sciences of the people. Mr. < iarrison was bis guest a warm regard. A sonnet 1 before us, written by Mr. Gun his mental and moral worth. stated here that in all schemes of reform he was not only supported, but perhaps incited, by bis wile, who was as warm-hearted, clear-sighted and fearless as himself. (ho- who knew him well, being asked to give his OWIl ideas with regard to him, says: " You ask me to describe Mr. Preston ; a pen-picture at first seems easy,— there is his figure, rather below the middle height, but broad-shouldered and muscular; quick and alert in his movements, with a smile al st al- ways playing round his features,— one whom Mr. E. 1 1. Boylston, of the Amherst Cabinet, paints in a single line when lie says 'lie was a man whom the boys and the birds all loved,'— with a warm and im- pulsive nature, unable to harbor resentmenl againsl his bitterest foe if he saw him sick or in want. Not an orator like Gough, yet one of the readiesl and most effective speakers in the Legislature. Not so deep a lawyer as Bell, Parker or Perley, but men- tioned by a judge of the Supreme Court as being a dan- gerous opponent. Not such a classical scholar as Everett, but helping his son with an ode of Ana- creon that he hasn't semi for thirty years, or reading French or Spanish with his wife. Not a professional musician, but ready with voice or flute to please the home circle. Not a professional philanthropist, bul a1 the time of the famine in Ireland, leaving the table, unable to eat till he had packed a box with ar- ticles for the starving Irish ; and seen one bitter day in winter toiling through the drifts to rind if a poor family were warm. Very fond of a cigar, but giving up the habit for nearly forty years that his example might I" good tor others. So fearless that there may be a doubt if it should be called bravery or insensi- bility to peril. College-bred, as were bis ancestors, but thoroughly democratic in his sympathy with the poor and ignorant, of whatever race or country, and with food ami shelter lor the slave on hi- way to Canada. Taking gnat pride in his town and its his- tory, and especially beloved and revered in the do- mestic circle. In saying all this, while perhaps few salient points are presented, it seems to me t hat Mr. Preston exhibited a well-rounded and wonderful sym- metry in all those points which go to make up a man in the highest and uoblesl sense,— such a type as. I fear, may begrowing rarer every day, in view of the present craze for specialists." As Mr. Preston advanced in life his sufferings from | M - lameness became more intense, until, as a last re- sort, amputation was performed, from which he ral- lied, and for more than a year seemed to enjoy vigor- <;:;o HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. on- health and to be wholly without pain, a feeling that had been 'unknown to him for more than fifty years. It is probable, however, that the seeds of the dis- ease still lingered in his system, and were the occa- sion of the brief but fatal illness that ended on the .".tli of March, 1867, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, his mother following him to the grave a few months later, at the age of eighty-eight. Of seven children, two sons and a 'laughter only were living at his death, and the daughter died less than two years after. In closing this sketch we append the following from the town records. At the annual town-meeting in New Ipswich, X. H., March 12, 1867, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : " Whereas, It is fitting fur puhlie Ix.ilies to acknowledge tin' liand of O.nl, e.-p. rully in tli» mill I, i- 1 n ills , if [heir history ; therefore "Saolxed, That in the recent death of the Hon. John Preston this i"\* n has lost ;i valued citizen,— one who had [ong been identified with the leading interests of the [ pi., ;,nil often I red with important public trusts. "Resolved, That \v<- reiueiiil.er with gratitude to Coil, and commend to our young men as a worthy example, Ins energy and perseverance, his enterprising .spirit, liis love for liis native town and country, his active sympathy it. tiie cans.- of education and reform, his cheerful hos- pitality and the purity of his domestic life. I'loit these |,--,,1 !,. lie etltele'l nil M I e 'I'oWD ReCOrds, and that a copy of them he sent to the family of tin- .!,...,-, .] LEAVITT LINCOLN. Leavitt Lincoln is descended from two of Massa- chusetts' oldest and most honorable families, the Lin- colns and Cushings. Among the branches of his ancestral stock have been numbered men who have achieved distinction in almost till the walks of life. General Benjamin Lincoln, of Revolutionary fame, is noted in history as the man who received Lord Corn- wallis' sword upon the hitter's surrender at Yorktown, while Abraham Lincoln will always he regarded as one of the most illustrious Presidents our republic has had. The Cushing family has produced some of our ablest jurists, statesmen and divines. tin the paternal side, Mr. Lincoln traces his lineage in a di- rect line, through William, William. Jedediah, Sam- uel and Samuel again, to one of the first settlers of Hingham, Mass. Thej have been an honest, upright, strong, hardy, long-lived race. His great-grand- father, Jedediah, lived to he nearly ninety-two years of age, while most of the members of both families have been noted for their longevity and vigorous constitutions. Leavitt Lincoln is the son of William and Jael (Cushing) Lincoln, and was burn in Marlborough, V II June -1-1, 17'J7. To this place his lather had re- moved in 1792, and was a tanner and an cxtonsiv e far- mer, owninga farm of more than three hundred acres. Leavitt learned in his youth the trade of a clothier and followed this trade until its decline, on account of the rise and development of cloth-making in the large factories. He then learned shoemaking with his brother-in-law, and carried on this industry for six years at Townsend, Mass. He then purchased a farm at Ashby, and carried on both shoemaking and farming for a period of more than twenty years. While in Townsend he married, May 29, 1821, Sibyl lleahl. daughter of Colonel Thomas Heald, "I New Ipswich, N. H. They had eight children, live of whom reached maturity, hut only one, William L., is now living. He is a physician in Wabasha, Minn. Of the others, .Maria died when twenty-two years of age; Henry Martin died in young manhood, after having graduated in the Medical Department of Har- vard College. He was at the time of his decease a ri-ini: yuiig physician in Westminster, Mass. Cyrus Stone, another son, died at the age of twenty years, while fitting for college. About 1852, Mr. Lincoln removed to Winehendon ami purchased a farm, his principal object being to make a In. me for his son, William L., who had grad- uated in medicine and chose that town to practice in, lie had been in practice there about two years when hi- father removed there. The son's health failed, however, and he went West, anil was for three years physician to a hospital for the insane in the State of Missouri ; he then went to Wabasha, Minn., where he now re-ides. .Mr. Lincoln made his home in Winehendon about twelve years, until the death of his wife. He then came to New Ipswich, X. 11.. where he afterwards married his deceased wife's sister Mary, who was then the widow of Francis Shattuck. This Mrs. Lin- coln lived about twelve years, when she died, leaving no issue. Iii 1876, Mr. Lincoln married his present wife, Delia McDonough. They have no children. Mr. Lincoln has made farming his principal busi- ness through life, and still conducts a farm, and he can boast of having mowed more or less every sum- mer for seventy-eight years. He has been a man of remarkable vigor, and has never had a serious spell oi illness in his life. He has been regular and prim- itive in his habits, has led a quiet, unostentatious and unambitious life, never having sought or held office, and he has made it a rule through the long years of his business life to always do unto others just as he, under similar circumstances, should desire to be dealt with. He was appointed Sabbath-school teacher in 1819, and held that relation for more than sixty years, and in the various communities in which the different periods of his life have been passed he litis always deserved and received the unqualified respect of his fellow-citizens. ■**£ L*C• 1, I'j the Grace of God of Greal '■ T" all >> l,o.., tli"*r i" . <. „/< yl'.ill ,-.,„„■ i,, ,etiug : ->""li i "t I -■ •> ill Sul.|,., I- inhabitants ..f a tract of lanil within the Antient Bound! 8 . - sol the towns of old Dunstable and Dra- cute, in our Province of Nov Hampshire, two miles and Eightj Bods East of Merrymack River, herein hereafter described, have humbly I'eltiioiie.l iil'l Ke.|m-te.l ot us that they tuav lie- I'l .-. 1. .1 .ami lu,-.,i|„,- the same should I - d -e Kt ov. S ■. Iherefon . Thai Wi . of our Espei ial Grace, Certaii K.. ■ : _ . i | . the Encouraging and Promoting tlie 1 IPuri sat ,: ideal said, by and with the Advi f our Trustj and well beloved Benning Wentworth, Esq., out Govern and C mander-in-Chief, ami .if ..in Couucil fur said Provinci havi Erected I' 'porated and Ordaim ents, f..i our heirs and suc- cessors, I'., will and Ordain, that tin- Inhabitant- - Tractoi land aforesaid, Bounded -i- fill -a- .. i:. .nnu at th. I: lary Pitch Pine tree, mail- M Mr. Minimi, ami Running mi tin- north Boundary line of the Massachusetts until it Comes within two miles and eightj i ml- ut Mei r,v mark Kivi-r : then in-rtli twenty li.-gr.-. - 17a -t In London- derry; then l.\ Londonderry l-'.a-t S-.ntli Ka-t in- mile- ami ..tie hundred nul fortj Rods . then South to Hfethuen line and to meet tin- Curve Line i ailed Miti h-i - Line ; then by said i urve inn to the Pitch Pine Tree, Mb- re It le-all, ami that -li all Inlial.lt the Same,— 15.- anil l.\ I lie.-.- Pres- ents are de.lalcil and Ordaiiic. I to he a l-.ai n ( 'i-rjini ate, and are hereby i Incorporated into a Body Pollitick and a Corporation to in.' i iiiiiiu -i, , t. n-M-i by tin- name of Pelham, with all the Powers and authorities, Privileges. Immunities ami Tram in- towns within our S d Province or any of them by law have and enjoy : To Hum- and to Hold tl„- -aid Powers, authorities, immunities and i-'ian In-.-- tu tin -in, til. ways, Reserving to us, Heirs and Su — . is, all White Pine Trees Growing and being, and that shall m , ,„ ,1... -,„. Tra. t .1 I and, fit the us,. ,,f Royal ua\y , R.-sor, ing al-u tie I'.awi ,.f Dividing -aid Town to us, our heirs and suo essors, when it shall appear . . n \. -nit- nt lot the Inhabitants thereof. And as Hi.- Se vet a II Towns within ...n said P i iws ih. i of Enabledand ■ — mi'ie- and in tL. ■ in. n ,.i \ ,,i,- to i 'I -.■ all sni b ii .1 i" the Said Laws \\ . do bj tie -■■ Presi m- Nominate and appoint Zacheus Lovewell Gentleman, tocall the first meeting of the -aid Inhabitants t,, l„. I, ,1,1 within said Town at any Time within thirty, Day- I i He- date b, i . -..I, i ,,v ing I,. ■_ a I \..i I tlm tune. Place and Design of holding Midi meeting. In Testimonj whereof, We leu . aiise.l the seal . ,1 .an -aid Province 1.. I..- I, .-1, -iint,. affixed. Witness. Bennine. Wentworth, Esq., our Governor and C mim.ler in Chief of out Siud l'r,.\i the .Mb ,i a , ,,t July, in the year I ■ ■ -■ a bundled and forty-six, and in the Twentieth Year of our Reign I'.y In- I7v ,-h-ncies Command with advice of i louncil, " Benmn,; Wentworth. "Theodore Atkinson, " Entered and recorded, accorded, a, i ording to the Original, this six- teenth day ol September, 1717, l'a " Thf.oih.uk Vn,i\-,..\. -. . W IRRANT FOR THE FIRST TOWN-MI "Pursuant to authority from his excellency, Benning Wentworth, in le "1 tlolii this, hi- maj.-ty's rnoim-e of Xew Httini- ■n.e ol this i.o.i i . t I'. 1- ■ die freeholders and , ,, ants in Pelhom ','ualitied 1- vote in the choi f town officers that they assemble and meet at th I Henry Bald wii .Monday, lie- twenty-nrsi day ..! Jul} currant at tw„ of tin- ,loek in the afterm then and there lo chuse all such town officers for the en the law directs. - LoVBWELt." ■ Ij V II", 171. StOCEl DINGS 01 nil l [RST TOWN-MEETING. - id town-meeting ..1 th, I I,, ,M, ,. ,.,,! ,tl,, : . r Inhabitants of the town of IVlhaiii Regularly assembled July ye L'l. 1740 : The town Cap' Henry 'hen I' i.d n. chuse town Officers as follows: viz. Baldwin, Moderator; Eleazar Whitiug, Town Clerk, \. Joseph Hamblet, Henry Baldwin, William Richardson, ,i Eleazat W I a Town Treasurer, Henry Baldwin, im . Constabl Thomas Wyman; Surveyors of Highways, viz., Jacob Butler, John Baldwin. I'a, del Hag.- and si Heard ; Tythingmeli, viz., Henry Itich- at»l» t"' 1 Amos Gage ; Fence-vewers and field-Drivers, viz., William Elliot and Hugh Richardson ; Sealei of Weights and Measures, viz., ■ -u . Siin.-y.,, ,,t timber ,\. -.. . i, . \„,.i- Gagl . Hog i. -..!-. 11/ , Simon Beard and David Jones.' Ecclesiastical.— At a town-meeting in October, 1746, the second meeting after tin- incorporation of the town, ii was voted to hire as much preaching for th.- coming winter as could be procured for sixty pounds, old tenor; a pound, old tenor, equaled about forty-two (.-iiis. In the lull. .win" years appropriations were made to support preaching and committees chosen to hire ministers. At a meeting in May, 1751, thin- was " a reconsideration of the vote to call in two or three candidates, as the town was willing to make choice between the two last." At a town-meeting, June 3d, the town voted to call Mr. James Hobbs, of Hampton, " to be their gospel minister;" also, to give him seven hundred pounds, old tenor, as a settlement ami four hundred pounds as his yearly salary. At this meeting a committee was chosen — viz.: Henry Richardson, Esq., Captain William Richard- son. Mr. Joseph Hamblet, Lieutenant Josiah Gage and Danh-l Hutchinsion — " to apply to the neighbor- ing ministers for advice in the matter of the ordina- tion of Mr. Hobbs." \i -i meeting on the 9th of August, "it was voted to add one hundred pounds to the settlement of Mr. Hobbs and one hundred pounds to his salary, twenty pounds a year for live years, old tenor." It was further voted ti. give him "twenty-five cords of tire-wood yearly during his ministry." " The furnishing of the fire-wood to commence when he has a family and keeps house." .\t a subsequent meeting in the same month. " it was voted to state .Mr. Hobbs' yearly sal- ary so long as his ministry continued in town, Indian corn at twenty-six shillings per bushel, pork tit two shillings per pound at the time of slaughter and beef at sixteen pence pier pound at the time of slaughter, reckoned in old tenor." Mr. Hobbs' acceptanceof the call is as follows; " Pelham, Nov. 11, 1751. "Gentlemen.— Wh.-i...,. . ive me an invita.1 to settleai igsl you as your minister, and have made y encourage and enable mi to settle and cany-on lb.- work of the ministry ainoiig-t yoii.aii.l have .-..nnrmeil the Sam.- as a l.g.,1 ,.,te, [I,. He consideration ol those proposals and also when fulfill insufficient to support me in the quality becoming a minis,,-, „| ibe Gospel, that you will be read} to contribute all needed support, I do accept yonr .all, Ac. " James Hobbs." November 13th, Mr. Hobbs was ordained and a church was organized. The churches invited were the Church of Christ, in Methuen, iu Dracut, in Not- tingham, in Salem, in Kingston, First and Fourth in Hampton. PELHAM. The Rev. Thomas Parker, of Dracut, was modera- tor of the council ; the Rev. Ward Cotton, of Hamil- ton, opened with prayer; the Rev. Peter Coffin, of Kingston, preached from Titus ii. 15: "Let no man despise thee;" the Rev. Nathaniel .Merrill, of Notting- ham, gathered the church ; Thomas Parker, of Dracut, gave tin' charge; the Rev. Christopher Sargent, of Methuen, gave the right hand of fellowship; the Rev. Abner Bagley, of Salem, made the last prayer. The church consisted of ten members,— James Hobbs, Joseph Hamblet, Henry Baldwin, Daniel Hutchinson, David Jones, Henry Baldwin, Jr., Thomas Gage, Jonathan Kimball, Samuel Butler, Amos Gage. Mr. Hobbs was twenty-six years old. Be proba- bly married in January, 1752, as the following appears in the town records : i:< |; James 11..1.1- nu.l mi- Kli».il..-tli lta' Welder was Pub- lished in pelham Decembr y is, 1751." The following from the records of the church has interest in this connection : Mrs. Hobbs was from Hamilton. Her maiden-name was Batchelder. There is a tradition that her father was unwilling that she should visit Pelham before her marriage, lest she should shrink from making her home in the wilderness. The contrast between Hamilton and Pelham was very great. Mrs. Hobbs endured many privations and hardships. But the young woman of twenty-two, who left her father's house to make a home for the husband of her love in this newly-incorporated town, found it her home for more than sixty years; saw. instead of the wilder- ness, cultivated fields and happy homes, good roads constructed, two meeting-houses successively built and thriving schools established in the live districts of the town. Mrs. Hobbs is said to have been a model of a housekeeper and to have abounded in ministries among the people. She was sent lor in sickness, at births and deaths and she dispensed charities from her own door. At a town -meeting December 2, 1751, a committee was chosen to buy a tract of land for Mr. Hobbs, so that the young minister and his wife were probably at once established in the parsonage as their home. In less than a year from his ordination there was an appropriation of four hundred pounds to pay the balance of his settlement. His salary was duly cared for with each passing year. Committees were chosen from time to time to treat with him about "stating" it in the necessaries of life, as the prices of these varied. The years passed. The people were sub- duing their lands, comforts were increasing in their homes, the institutions of the town were assuming form and fixedness. There were births, baptisms and funerals. The following record is one of in- terest ; ■ March j> 28 th , 1753, baptized Phylliys, a negro servant ol Edward Wvmiui, lunr , ;unl on \piil \ I . 1 7 ■ :, l>:i|'tise> take care ..f t!i.' meeting-house the day of the ordaniti tosea that the l)i»i- be -heat while Counsel i= redey to raign, naTiiely. .totiutli.ui Stukney, Ebeti f .huiues, William El" liut, Uriah Abbut, .tallies i.iIim.ii " Aboul three years from his ordination Mr. Moody married the widow of his predecessor. For several years hi- pastorate was harmonious and pleasant. During the hard times of the Revolutionary War his salary was in arrears; but this was attended to, and once a consideration was made to him on account of "the sink in money." After fifteen years a dissatisfaction with his ministry began to he ex- pressed. At a town-meeting in September, 1783, a committee was chosen "to confer with Mr. Moody on what method is Inst to be taken in order to remove the unhappy uneasiness that now subsists between a number of his parishioners concerning his continuing or not continuing as the minister, ami make report to the town." At a town-meeting. January 25, 1785, this vote was passed, — " The town to release all those that think in conscience they can't attend on his min- istry from any tax to him, according to hi- proposal he made in writing." June 23, 1786, it was voted "to request some of the neighboring ministers to give their advice with respect to the difficulties now subsisting in the town between the Rev. Mr. Moody and some dissenting in- habitants Of the low n." At this meeting permission was granted to form a " Pole Parish." This was a parish of individuals in- -: ead oi territory. October 2, 1786, a committee was chosen "to agree with Mr. Moody on what term- he will leave of preaching in said town ;" at an adjourned meeting it ua-\->leil "iini to accept of the proposition of Mr. M ly sent in writing." March 5. 1787, it was voted that "the selectmen should he tmpowered to discharge from paying their tax to the Rev. .Mr. Moody all those who can make it appear that they are of a different persuasion from the Congregationalists, at or before the first day of May next." July 5, 1792, it was voted "to ],ay tin sum due to Mr. Moody from the town, agreeable to his answer to a committee sent to him from the old parish to known on what terms he would resign the desk;" it was al-o \oteil "to ehoo-e a committee of two per- sons i" call upon those persons nominated by a commitl if both parishes to apprise the meeting- houses." Mr. Moody was dismissed by an ecele-ia-tieal coun- cil October 24, 1792. His pastorate was twenty seven years, wanting twenty-six days. He received .-ivty- one to the membership of tin 1 church. He remained in town, a respected ami valuable citizen, and co-op- erated with his successor in his work. lb- was delegate to the convention that adopted the federal Constitution, and was chosen representative a number of times. He died March 22, 1819, aged eighty years. Mrs. Moody died February 21st, preceding her husband by one month, aged ninety years. She had been a member of this church nearly sixty-six years. The town was now without a settled mini-try for six -,.ai,-. There were two parishes, but, probably, only ie church organization. After the dismissal of Mr. Moody the parishes united. There was still a division in doctrine, and the partisan spirit intensi- fied this. Preaching was sustained during these \ear-. Calls were given to several different men. some of whom afterwards became eminent, of which number was Samuel Worcester, afterwards Dr. Wor- cester, pastor of the Tabernacle Church, Salem, Mass., one of the secretaries of the American Board of For- eign Missions, whose death occurred while he was on a visit to tin- missionary station- of Elliot and Brain- ard. The records of Mr. Worcester's call ami the provision made for his settlement and salary would indicate that the people were united in him. The calls extended to several other gentlemen gave rise to decided opposition and the expression of a bitter partisan spirit. i In July, 1793, Mr. Fli Smith received a call by a majority of seven ; but at a meeting a month latter the article to make provision for his support was dis- missed. But the scene of the greatest excitement was the attempt of the church to complete a call extended to Mr. John Smith by his ordination. In March. 1796, the town concurred with the church in giving Mr. Smith a call, — forty-two yea-, twenty-nine nays; also voted to give him as a settlement the interest of one thousand dollar- annually, and a -alary of ninety pound- an- nually; but at a meeting the 17th of May, "Voted not to compromise matters with Mr. Smith." " Voted that till who are not agreed to settle Mr. Smith shall be free from paying tttxes to him.'' " Voted that all those who are dissatisfied with Mr. Smith shall have their just proportion of the meeting-house and the money the parsonage land was sold for according to the last year's invoice." " Voted not to choose a committee to join the church committee in appoint- ing a day for the ordination id' Mr. John Smith, and providing for the council." At a town-meeting in June, " Voted to enter a protest against the proceed- in-- of the church in ordaining Mr. John Smith." " Voted to choose a committee of seven persons to lay the proceedings of the town in regard to Mr. John Smith settling in said town as a minister he- tore the council." A protest of sixty-nine persons i on the town records "against Mr. Smith'- settlement and against ever paying anything for his support." Th. council convened, but did not proceed to the ordination of Mr. Smith, and the day was called " tlus- teratioti daj " by the party zealous for Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith afterwards became professor in Bangor Theological Seininarv. He married Hannah Hardy, (135 of this town, daughter of Adjutant Daniel Hardy, and he subsequently died. Later in life she married General Richardson, of this town, and was esteemed among this population as a Christian lady of a large public spirit and generous charities. February 1~>, 1798, a call was given to Mr. John Emerson, with a settlement of the interesl of one thousand dollars, and a salary of ninety pounds. But at a meeting, April 2:!d, "to sec, by vote, how great the union among the people lor Mr. John Em- erson, with respect to his settling with them in the work of the Gospel ministry." seventy-nine voted for Mr. Emerson and twenty against. At a town-rneeting, August, 11th, a vote was passed to concur with the church in a call to Mr. John H. Church. " I'"/"/, To give Mr. John II. Church as a settlement, within one year from the time of his or- dination, five hundred dollars." " Voted, To give Mr. John II. Church, as salary, three hundred ami thirty-three dollars, thirty-three cents and one-third of a cent annually, so long as he shall supply the desk, with this cpialilication of the last clause [viz.), that he relinquish no part of his salary, although he should be sick ami unable to supply the desk tor six months at anyone time; that should he be unable to supply the desk longer than si\ months at any one time, his salary cease till he does supply the desk." Mr. Church was ordained October 31, 1798, Rev. Dr. Backus, of Somers, Conn., preached the sermon. The pastorate that had been vacant six years and seven days was filled. The unhappy division and controversy about the ministry ceased. \ long and successful pastorate was commenced. An important element in this division was theological. But other elements entered into it, and these were kept active by a partisan spirit, and this was intensified by every disturbing breeze of personal or social feeling; and the one thing that saved the town from a permanent division into religious sects, neither of which would havi been able to sustain religious institutions, was the large number "I level-headed, far-seeing men, who, comprehending the misfortune of such an issue, Steadied and held things until the time of union came. There were such men in each party. The introduction of M r. ( Ihurch to the town was in a way to pacify and prepossess in his favor, lie was really the candidate of the pail) the least in sympathy with his theological sentiments. Mr. Church was invited to preach m Pelham al the suggestion of William M. Richardson, afterward chief justice of New Hamp- shire. Mr. Richardson was his class-mate in college, and knew him to he a fine scholar and of sterling character. Mr. Church was bom in Rutland,. Mass., March 17, 1 772. He graduated at Harvard in 1707. He studied theology with Dr. Backus, of Somers. Conn. He married Thankful Weston, of Rutland, May 7,1799. She .lied April 11, 1806, aged thirty- one Ve.us. In 1807 lie married Hannah Farnham, of Ncwburyport, Mass., who died July 9, bs:',7. aged fifty-nine years. 1 >r. ( Ihurch was cue of the nhlc-t clerg\ men of his time. lie held important ecclesiastical positions. He was actively engaged in all the missionary, phil- anthropic and educational works of that time, lie was for many years a trustee of I'inkerton A.cademy, ai Derrj ; of Dartmouth College from 1.820 till his death; of Phillips Academy, at Andover, from 1826 till his death. He was an associate of the professors of A.ndover Theological Seminary. He took a promi- nent part in all the theological discussions of that period, and was considered high authority. He was argumentative rather than persuasive. His logic was irresistible. He was In pcr-ealviuistic in doctrine. There grew up under hi- ministry men and women oi strong mind, marked intelligence and character. The financial standing of the town at this time was the best of any in the Stale. It had more taxable property and a higher rate of assessment, according lo the number of its inhabitants, than any other town in the State, l'he interesl I he town took in Mr. Church is indicated by a vote passed iii I soil, the year that the first Mrs. Church died.— "To give .Mr. Church two hundred dollars to assist him in defraying his late extra expenses." Mr. Church had such dignity in his bearing as in- spired fear. Children shunned him, were afraid ot him; but he was. nevertheless, interested in the young,aud all who yielded to that interest found him helpful. He received the degree of A.M. from Dart- mouth College in 1813, and 1). D. from Williams College in 1823. The town system of settlement and support of the ministry, tiial existed in New England in its early history, and was adhered to in Pelham for eighty-eight years, had co lo be supplanted by the voluntary system. In the early history of the town there were those who objected to supporting preaching not in accordance with their sectarian preference. As early as 170:.!, Kbenezer Richardson petitioned the selectmi n "that lie might not be taxed for the sup- port of the gospel, as he was a Baptist, ami in full eo me with a IJnpti.-t. Church ill Boston." This number had been increasing during all the years. The fact that this system was in force in Pelham longer i ban in most of the towns of New Hampshire ami Massachusetts indicates the stabilitj of the people. The contract between Dr. Church and the town was terminated by mutual consent December 17, 1834, inning existed thirty-six years, one month and fifteen days, and the town never failed to pay him his salary. In May, 1832, at a meeting legally called for the format! >f a religious society of the ( long regational order, such a society was organized under the name i < 'ongregatioiial Society in Pelham. Il- tirst legal meeting was held July 4th ; but it does not appear to have raised money till alter the termina- tion of the contract of the town with Mr. Church. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. In the year lsii.'i, on account of failing health, Dr. ( 'hureli resigned his pastoral charge. I In the MOth of September he was dismissed, and the same council ordained Mr. John Keep. The pastorate of L)r. Church was thirty-seven years, wanting one day. Jie continued to reside in town till his death, June 12, 1840, at the age of sixty-eight. He was buried, as were his two predecessors, in tin- old Imrying-ground at the Centre. It is a matter of interest that the first three pastorates should have reached so near the eon- elusion of the lirst century of the corporate existence of the town, and the first three ministers, when they rested from their labors, should sleep with their people. During the ministry of Dr. Church one hundred and ninety-nine came into the church. Mr. Keep was dismissed < >etoher 13, 1841, — a pastor- ate of six years, one month and thirteen days. Forty- three came into the church under his ministry. It is a matter of interest that from the settlement of Mr. Hobbs to the dismissal of Mr. Keep, a period of ninety years, there had always been a gospel minister in town. Mr. .Moody came during the sick- ness of Mi. Hobbs, and was in town when Mr. Church Rev. Cyrus \V. Allen was settled February 1, 1843, and dismissed May 12, ls-JT. June 21, 1848, the Rev. Eden li. Foster was settled, and dismissed January 13, 1853. Mr. Foster was a man of rare culture, a most interesting and fervid preacher. It was with great reluctance and sorrow that the church and society relinquished him. Mr. Foster received his doctorate from Williams College. It is a noticeable coincidence that the two Pelham pastors honored with a doctorate should have re- ceived them from the same college. August 30, 1854, Rev. Charles Rockwell was in- stalled as pastor. He was a man of ability, but not adapted to this people, and, by the advice of an ecclesiastical council, was dismissed June 20, IS.jo. The brevity of the previous pastorates, and espe- cially the unfortunate experience in the 1 some discouragement and hesitancy about the settle- ment of another minister. During the next six years the church was served by acting pastors. The Rev. John E. Farwell supplied from November, 1855, to March, 1858, and the Rev. William F. Derrick from September, 1858, to April, 1861. October 30, L861, the present pastor, Rev. Augustus Kerry, was settled. As an indication of the spirit of benevolence in the church and congregation, there has been given to mis- sions and other causes of Christian benevolence, in the last twenty-three years, twelve thousand dollars. Thus has the town, from the elate of its incorpora- tion, sustained the gospel ministry. Only sixteen of the one hunched and thirty-four years, since the organization of the church, has it been without a settled pastor, and never without preaching. Deacons. — To the year 1882, one hundred and thirty years from the election of Deacon Amos Gage, eight ditferent men had held the office of deacon. There has always been a Deacon Gage, a lineal descendant ..I one or the other of two brothers, Amos and Daniel, thai were among the lirst settlers of the town. Amos (.age and Daniel Hutchinson tilled the office till their decease, — Deacon Hutchinson, May ',•, 1785, and Dca.on Gage, September 8, 17H2. Then Abel Gage, a son ol Deacon Ames < bme, and benjamin Barker were elected deacons. They resigned in 1835, and Daniel < [age, a grandson oi 1 taniei Gage, the brother ol Amos Gage, and Jeremiah Tyler were elected deacons. Iii 1853, Deacon Gage died and Deacon Tyler resigned, and Daniel T. Gage, a son ol the last Deacon Gage, and Charles Stiles were elected dea- cons. Deacon Stiles died in .May, 1882. He was succeeded by Eliphelet F. Woods, who died in .No- vember of this year, ami was succeeded in the office by Samuel Kelley. Reformed Methodist anj> Free-Will Baptist Church. — Near the commencement of tin' present century the Methodists commenced to labor among the inhabitants of the northeast section of the town, called Gage Hill, and the adjacent portion of Salem. Meetings were held in school-houses and private dwellings. Among their preachers was the Rev. Joseph Snelliug, who, with his family, resided in that section of the town some years. By the uni- versal estimate, In- was an eminently devout and good man. In his autobiography he speaks of the diffi- culty he encountered in introducing Methodism into Pelham. His converts either united with the Cou- gregationalists or went out of town to other denomi- nations. At length lie succeeded ill forming a small society of Methodists, and prejudice was so tar re- moved that they built a meeting-house that the Methodists were to occupy a part of the time, and he says, " I was invited to preach the dedication sermon, and continued to preach there a part of the time while I lived in Pelham." This house was probabl) built about 1820. It was small, located near the Salem line, and subsequently remodeled lor a dwell- ing-house, and occupied as a parsonage, it is now owned by the Rev. Tobias Foss. This house was built with the understanding that the different re- ligious sects represented bj the proprietors should OCCUpy il their respective shares of the time. There was great embarrassment in finishing this house. At length Mr. Robert Bradford took the job and received his pay in pews, so that he came to be the chief proprietor. There does not seem to have been any church or- ganization till 1S42. In this year, after a revival under the labors of Rev. L. Harrington, there was a Reformed Methodist Church, of thirteen members, organized, — Robert Bradford, Mehitable Bradford, Abner Kittridge, Mary Kittridge, Joseph Hag., Na- than i rage, Mehitable Gage, Simon B. Webster, Relief J. Webster, Olive. Gage, Charles Butler, Nathaniel Chase, Sarah Kittridge. t;:i7 The Rev. Isaac Dunham became their pastor. Under the lead of Mr. Dunham, in 1844, a larger meeting-house was built. After a pastorate of some five years Mr. Dunham was succeeded by Rev. John M. Durgin, a Free-Will Baptist. Mr. Durgin was a man of many fine qualities. There was a rich vein of humor in his make-up. Many of his bright say- ings are still quoted, lie taught school in connec- tion with his ministry and is pleasantly remembered by his pupils, lie was succeeded, in 1858, by Rev. T. P. Moulton. At this time the church was admitted to the Boston Quarterly Meeting of Free-Will Bap- tists, and received the name of the Free-Will Baptist Church of I'elham and Salem. Mr. Moulton was succeeded, in 1856, by Rev. Tobias Foss. He was succeeded, in 185'.), by Rev. S. M. Weeks, who left in the spring of 1861. For a few years there was no stated preaching. In 1867, Mr. Foss returned to town, and by his efforts preaching was resumed. In Januuary, 1868, Rev. N. C. Lathrop became pastor, and remained till April, 1870. In 1872, Rev. Jonathan Woodman became pastor; but the strength of this church and society had been seriously impaired by the formation of churches at Salem Depot and the removal of families influential in the support of public worship. Mr. Woodman rendered most valuable service for a few years; but his ag< — nearly eighty — and calls of duty elsewhere led him to resign the charge. There was a fitness that a re- ligious organization that had been productive of SO much good should have terminated its mission with the labors of such a noble Christian man as Elder Jonathan Woodman. Episcopal Met] (ST. — In 1859-60 there was a deep religious interest in connection with the labors of Rev. Matthew M. Parkhurst, who was hoarding in the town for the recuperation of his health. Some of the converts, with others who had a preference fot the Methodists, applied to Conference for a minister, and a church was constituted. The preachers who successively served them were Rev. Albert N. Fisher. Rev. Amos 1'.. Russell. Rev. Charles Newell. Mr. Newell left for another field in the latter part of 1863. The friends did not deem it expedient to have an- other appointment. The membership of the church was transferred to the church in Methuen, quite a portion of whom have since connected themselves with the Congregational Church by letter. Meeting-Houses. — At a town-meeting September 3,1746, "it was voted to build a meeting-house in the centre of Land ill this town, or the most con- venient place." October 27th the report of the com- mittee to find the centre was accepted, and tin.' previous vote re-enacted with the specification, '' the house to be twenty-eight feet in length and twenty-four feet in width." But the location was not satisfactory, for November 19th it was voted " to choose three good men from out of town to come and state a place tor a meeting-house." Captain Henry Baldwin, Ensign William Richardson, Daniel Cage, Amos Richardson ami lle/ckiah HaniMct were chosen a committee " to carry on the work in building the meeting-house," and the sum of twelve pounds, old tenor, was voted to defray the charge of said house. This house must have been a rude structure. March 6, 174s, " Voted, to I > u \ the Nottingham West Meet iiig-Uouse of Mr. Merrill." April 10. 174!), a committee was chosen to take down the meeting-house and bring it to Pelbam by a work-rate of twentj shillings per day, and any who were delinquent in work were, if warned, to pay twcntyshillings, oldtenor, lor every day of'delinquency. " £120, old tenor, were voted to defray the charges in this business," and the town " Voted, to set the meet- ing-house 18 rods from where the meet jug-house now stands." But notwithstanding these decisive votes, nothing was done ; for, October 2, 1751, it was voted to bring the meeting-house to Pelham and "set it up." Aftei passing ami rescinding several votes, it was finally agreed " to set the bouse on the two acres of land that Mr. l'lirgerson had negotiated with the town about." This was probably near where the new meeting-house stands. October filth it was voted "to board and shingle the meeting-house with convenient speed," and also that any one might furnish material "at reasonable rates, — "indicating that the house was moved and an earnest effort was being made to get it in readiness tor worship the coming winter. There was a work-rate at fifteen shillings per day, old tenor. November 6, 17">l'. it was voted "to allow pew- grounds in the meeting-house, on the lower floor, round the walls, to thirteen highest payers on the lis! being inhabitants of the town. They were to build lor the town a handsome or decent pulpit, with a canopy over if ; also a deacon's seat." The men were to obligate themselves to sit iii these pews with their families till they were Idled, and if they did not in- cline to take these pews, then the next highest m their course to take them. It was also voted "to grant four pews more in the two hind seats on the lower II ' of said meeting-house, men and women side, to four men, the highest according to the above said votes; " " provided they will make three d s to said meeting-house, and to hang them with good iron hinges and latches, decently, ami be durable doors, made of good boards," and a committee was chosen " to see when the said pulpit and deacon's seat and doors are to he made and completed." September 27, 1753, the town voted to raise three bundled pounds, old tenor, for the committee to use in finishing the meeting-house; also that they should take the money then in the collector's hands. They were authorized to buy a box of glass " to glaze the meeting-house." and to build the body scats ; also " 0. take out the middle post on the back side of the meeting-house in order to build a handsome pulpit provide for handsc illars for said house. HISTORY OF EILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. This house was used as the meeting-house till I "*.">, when the present town-house was built. Everything in its finish must have been very plain. It had no comforts. The seats were hard. There was nothing to soft, mi the light or mitigate the heat ot the sum- mer's sun. Nor was there anything to relieve the cheerlessness and cold of winter. And still the whole population came together in winter and summer and remained through the protracted services. There can be no question lint this was an influential factor In the formation of the institutions of the town. The following is copied from the record- books of the builders of the present town-house . .mil the Credit "I the Tuwn wmilil Suliwrilie what ilnv will mo- towards Biiil-lmi: a V-w Moling Ii.iii-i-, .in.i. .- - ■ - , s.a: i. 01 Sum sli.cll In- Sul.s, lil.ol. Tall a l'l.'1'ti. I..1- Hi' ■ tin- ali-1 I ..in l.iil.. ..)i wlial Method we will take foi Building the same." \t a town-meeting, June 7, 1785, it was voted "to give liberty to set a meeting-house on the eom- iiiini near the old meeting-house, which meeting- house i- now prepairing for building by propri- etorship." This house was not finished for some years, but was probabh soon used for public wor- ship and town-meetings, as. May 27, 1789, it was voted to sell the old meeting-house "at public vendue, in such a way and manner as shall be thought most likely to fetch its mil value, in ordei to paj the town debts with the same." and a committee was appointed lor this purpose. [t is a tradition that the year 1785 was remarkable tor the depth of snow, ami that the timber for the frame of this meeting- house was eltt in April. 1 the snow was so hard that, the timber was hauled over -lone walls and other kinds offence. About this time there was a meeting-house built by the "Pole Parish," and situated in front of the David Cutter house. In the town records this is designated as the ting House, and the proprietors' meeting- house as the Great Meeting-House. I pon the dismis- sal of J Mr. M ly and the union of the two parishes, the town purchased the meeting-houses. March 26, 1793, it was " Voted, To -ell the Little Meeting-House and the land where it stands." .lames Gibson, Esq., Joshua Uwood, Josiah t iage, Ksq., were chosen a committee to make the sale; but the} did not -'-11 ii, as, December 22, 1794, it was >, i to sell the Little Meeting-House. This house is said to have Keen moved to the spot where the parsonage now stands, and used lor a store, with a hall over the -tore. Deacon Jeremiah Tyler owned it man) years. He traded in the store. The hall was known as Tyler's Hall, and was used for singing-schools and religious llleel llejs. January 7, 1793, it was " Voted, That the propri- etors of the old meeting-house should receive their lull pay when the pews are sold," — viz., the pews in the new meeting-house. " Voted, To cuoose a com- mittee of five persons to make a settlement between the parishes, -Messrs. Jacob Butler, Jr., Nehemiah Butler, Captain Eliphelet Hardy, Lieutenant Thomas Spoflbrd, Lieutenant John Ferguson." " Voted, To eh. ...so a committee to see what method is best to hi- taken towards finishing the meeting-house, and bring in their report next meeting." The committee were "Dr. Aaron Grosvenor, Lieutenant John Ferguson, James Gibson, Esq." But the finishing of the Great .Meeting- House hangs. There an- many propositions, hut none on whieh a majority agree. The- subject was brought before town-meetings in .Inly, 1793, and in August, 1794, ami iii each instance dismissed. But, December 22, 17'J4, " Voted, To finish the inside of the meeting-house in the manner prescribed by the committee chosen for that purpose." " Voted, To sell the pews in said meeting-house at public vendue." " Voted, To sell the finishing of said meeting-house at public sale." " Voted, That said meeting-house shall be finished by the 1st day of Novetnbor next." I In re is a spirit of determination in these votes that assures something will he done. But though the purpose is to have no set-back, the plan is to be changed. Janu- ary 19, 1795, these votes were reconsidered. Then it was " Voted, That Captain Jesse .Smith be a committee, with full power to receive money and finish the meet- ing-house by the 1st day of November next." Also " Voted, That Lieutenant John Ferguson be an assistant committee with Captain Jesse Smith for linishing the meeting-house." This action was final ; Captain Smith and Lieuten- ant Ferguson were the men to execute it, and the job of ten j ears' lingering and uncertainty is completed by them in a single season and at the specified time. At i In- same town-meeting the selectmen ordered tin- sale of the pews. I lecember 8th, the account of the committee to finish the meeting-house was received, and they were allowed live shillings per daj foi their services. March 7. 1796, " Voted, that the money which was left in linishing the meeting-house shall be loaned to keep the meeting-house in repair." " Voted, that Amos M ly, Esq., Captain Asa Richardson, be a to take said i lej and make the best use of it they can for the advantage of the town." But though the house, with its square pews and high galleries, was considered finished, there were improvements prop.ee. I from time to time. March 5, 1797, " Voted, to purchase a ( ushion for the pulpit and a* curtain for the pulpit windows, to build a cupboard in the lower par! ..I the pulpit and to lay some gravel by the un- derpining of the meeting-house." March, 1803, the town voted not to purchase a hell and build a steeple. Julj 2, L804, voted aot to build a portico over the front door. September, 1805, the town again voted not to build a portico. In October of this year, - footed, not to build a belfry and steeple to th< easl end of their meeting-house." These votes indicate that then- was a minority of public-spirited, progres- sive men in town. In presenting the growth and development of the town, it is necessary to tints sketch the 1 list on of the meeting-house; for it was about the meeting-house that the New England town grew, and the history oi a New England town cannot be written without the recognition of this central fact. There are in the records a few plain, homely things that are very suggestive. They have a sweet touch of nature and charm by their simple beauty. In the study of the histor) of the town, the first meeting- house, the meeting-house bought of Mr. .Merrill, the house moved from Nottingham West, the ohl meeting- house, must be kept continually in view. Every- ii iated with that house reveals some feature in the life and character of the early inhabitants. Little incident- connected with it mirror those plain and frugal homes, fn somi thought for it, some pro- vision for its care, the subtle, golden chain of faith is traced, that steadied their lives heavenward. In such items as the following there is a resurrection of the past, and scenes of one hundred and forty years ago appear \ivid and fresh as the life of this da) : " March ye 1, 1756, voted Jabesh Gage £10, old tenor, for hoarding workman tit the meeting-house." " I ../<,/. Amos Richardson 01-15-0, old tenor, forsweeping the meeting-house." " Chose Joseph Butler, Levi llil- drith, John Butler, .1; is Gilmore and Amos Gage for seating the meeting-house." " Voted, to leave it to the committee to dignify the seats as they see lit." For seventy-five years the people worshiped with- out tires in their meeting-houses. The worship of the winter season might have been a- | i as the most perfect crystal, hut an absence ol warmth i- suggested. It' there was beauty in it. thi- must have existed in the spiritual light reflected from frosty forms. To modern conception there is a touch of the comic in the audience muffled, their heads drawn within the mufflers. Pulpit orator) was certainlj at a disadvantage. Stoves were put into the ( treat Meet- ing-House about 1820. I '.lit this was not done without opposition. The Great Meeting-House was used by the church and First Congregational Society till 1*42. During the last ten years tie - ciety had made sev- eral propositions to the town for the purpose of securing some exclusive rights in the house. < >ne was the outright purchase; another was to finish the upper part for worship, which should be the property oi the society, and the lower part lor a town hall, which should he the town's. But the town was un- willing to entertain any of these propositions. Ac- cordingly, at a meeting of the First ' Ion Society in the hall of Jeremiah Tyler, February 9, 1842, "to see if tic societj will procure a suitable piece Of land on which to build a house for public worship, it was voted to procure such a piece, and at the same meeting General Samuel M. Richardson propo ed, on certain conditions, to give till such a piece, which gift, subjei i to the conditions, was accepted by the societj ." At a meeting held February 24th, "it was voted that the erect ion of the meeting-] se be imenced as soon as practicable in the ensuing spi David Cutter, Moody Hobbs, Joshua Atwood, David Butler and A s Batchelder were chosen a building committee." At a meeting held October 17th, "Jere- miah Tyler, Enoch Marsh ami John M. Tyler were chosen a committee of arrangements for lie dedica- tion oi the new meeting-house." The dedication was ninety-one years from the time that the old meeting -house was first used for public worship. fin. Parsonage.- At a meeting of tin first Con- gregational Society, September 4, 1861, it was voted "to accept the Tyler store lot, so called, purchased by individuals for a pars mage-houseof said society." It wa- \oted to proceed at once to huild. ami < lolonel Enoch Marsh, V.b< 1 ' rage, Esq., F. \. Cutter, Eliphe- let F. Wood- were chosen a building committee, the work was commenced at once, ami under the enthusi- astic lead of Colonel Marsh, who devoted in- time and energies to the enterprise.it was substantial!) completed that autumn, and occupied by lie present pastor the next April. Richard B. llillman was the builder. I II \ PTER I I. PELHAM— (Couth 0- .ma .11 [ON— Ml )TE— PHVSICI Education.— The town records show no public action upon the subject of education till fiftei a j ears after the incorporation. I hit from thi- time there was a gradual and substantial growth of the ed sentiment. I lie i i I and school-house ■ violent controversies. There were seasons of intense excitement. At times there was the reckless spirit that would destroy all rather that I carry it- point ; then better counsels would prevail, harmony would he re- stored, bygones would !"■ forgotten and all would be united in the good cause. March 9, 1761, " Voted the non-resident money for a school." At the March meeting of the next year i . appropriation for schools, but at a meet- ing April — ■■ i-t. Voted ii-i I- buildanj - hoot houses. "2d, Voted four months' scl ling, to begin in September next ensu- ii,-, :ai'l -" "ii Oil 1 Jo- lulu in. mile ■■xpil'-'l. March 7, 1763, " Voted two hundred pound-, ohl HISTORY OF HILLSROROlKiH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tenor, for a school this present year. Said school is to be in four parts of said town. and each pari to have their portion of said money to be divided by the se- lectmen." March ">, 1764, " Voted two hundred pounds, old tenor, for a school for this present year, to be provided by the selectmen as they shall think proper." March 11, 1705, "Vnteil not to raise any money for a School this present year." For the next tell years an average of fifteen pounds was appropriated annu- ally for schools. March 4. 1776, " Voted twenty Pounds, Lawful money, tor Schooling this Present year." "A Committee Chosen to Place the schools ami to Provide Masters and Mistresses — Dr. John Mussey, Ebenezar Parmer, Esq., .lesse Wilson, Amos Gage, Jr., Phillip Richardson, Jr. — Voted that Every Quar- ter of the town should have the use of their own money, and that Each Quarter should Enjoy the Priviledge of their own and not Send from one to another, and that when the School was l'ro\ ided they that would not Send Should Go without the Benefit of the School." During the next fifteen years, which included the hard times of the Revolutionary War, the town failed only once to make appropriations tor the schools. After 1790 the matter id' an appropriation was no longer optional, as the towns were required by legisla- tive enactment to raise a specified sum. March 4, 1793, on the article " To see if the Town will vote that Every Class shall have the Privilege of the School when it is kept in I heir Class without being thronged with Scholars from other ('lasses," '-Voted that Scholars shall have Liberty to Go from one Class to the other for the benefit ol Schooling." t >n the 26th of this month. "Voted to liaise One Hun- dred and fifty pounds, L. M., in order to build the School-Houses in s' 1 Town, Meaning that those Classes that have built tluir School-Houses shall Re- ceive an order from the Selectmen for their proportion of the aforesaid sum. Votnl that James Gibson, Esq., be a committee to fix the Place where the School-House is to be built in the Southwest corner of said Town." December 8, 1795, Voted to dismiss the article " to see if the Town will vote to Empower Each Class to hire their own Masters and Mistresses." March 7, 1796, Voted to chuse a Committee — viz., Captain John Ferguson, Captain Thomas Spofford, Lieutenant Ezra R. Marsh, James Gibson, Esq., David Cage — to Class the Inhabitants of s' 1 Town for keep- ing Scl Is agreeable to a former vote of s d Town, which was to be Ih e classes." March 6, 1797, "Voted to except the report of the committee to class the town with five classes." The number of families in each class was as follows : t <■];,-., :'.•<: Mi. I. II. i l.i ... a . \..irli..,,.l DAT 1. Gage, 'I'll CAS Spofi Ezs R. Maes , J March 4, 1799, the generous spirit that the town has ever since expressed towards the cause of educa- tion commences to express itself, — "Voteil to iai-i thirty pounds in addition to the sum commanded l.\ the aiilhoiitN of the State for the support of schools." The town was fortunate in the outset in an economical classification. There were few classes. The number of families in each class was nearly the same. Hence an equal division of the school mone) was the fair thing. This classification has remained substantially the same to the present time, and the money has, with few exceptions, been equally < 1 i \ ided among the five classes. The spirit of a people i- often shown by a move- ment that is a failure. Minorities of even but one in a cause that looks to enlargement and progress give a people character. They are the little leaven that will some time be the majority. The article in the warrant of 1789, "to sec if the town will vote to have a grammar school kept in said town," though dismissed, asserted literary tastes, intellectual life and aspirations among the people. The town may not have furnished as many for the professions as some others; but there are few towns that, ai nliug to their population, could show as large a number ■ it men and women of good home-bred sense, of re- fined taste, of such general information, of such correct methods in business, and who expressed them- selves with more understanding and grace. AI t the commencement of the century Mr. Dan- iel Hardy, a graduate of Dartmouth College and an accomplished scholar, taught an academy lor-.\ or DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. Danii t Hardy, 17s 1 .' ; Aaron Hardy, 1704 : Caleb Butler, 1800 ; Reubi u Dimond Mussey, 18 [saai Butler, entered l.ut died in u ura Stephen I Brads it, 1819; Barnabas G. Tenney, 1819 ; Calvin Butler, Is:!; Nathaniel Alilmt Kru,, Is;.': I lia! I-- liin iili.tin, 1-1'. I'.. nia ... r. ■ i-i. Joseph H. Tyler, 1851 ; Eliphelet Butler Gage, 185J in tin Scientific Scl I ; Joseph Edward Marsh, 1858, at the Scientific School ; Nathaniel Parker Gage, 1862. GRAD1 \TKS OF HAKVARD. William 31. Richardson. 1 T-'T ; .lo-iah P.ntl. r, 1 so:; : .l.,hn Cutter Gage, 1851 ; Frederii W Bat. hi ld( i I860 Four of these graduates became clergymen, seven lawyers. Reuben Dimond Mussey became eminent in medicine, and had a reputation that was European as well as American. William M. Richardson repre- sented the Stair in Congress, and also became chief justice of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire. Josiah Butler represented New Hampshire two terms Others became teachers and business men. PROFESSIONAL MEN NOT GRAD1 ATES Elijah Butler, born \pnl 13,1765; studied I Heine and practiced Milton Grosvenor studied medicine Sehemiah Butler, a lawyei ^ml judge of probi John ftuincy Adams Griffin, at his death, in .air Mined distinction at Me- l.ai Benjamin Russ.ll Cutter, at liis death .eventcon years principal of the \( ishington Grammar School, I oil William H. Ga^o studied medicine, and at his death hail Iwn many years assistant physician at tie- asylum. Taiinl'Ui. Ma-s. Of gentlemen of the last generation noted as com- mon-school teachers were Moody Hobbs and A.bel i rage, both self-made men and popular teachers, with a life-long interest in education. Mr. Hobbs became a public man. and was associated with the distin- guished men of the State. He was greatly interested in agriculture. He was the magistrate of the town and the civil engineer of this and neighboring towns. Mr. Gage led a quiet life on his farm, enjoyed bis library and took an intelligent and devoted interest in all the philanthropic and missionary enterprises of •lie age. for Merrimack nh 1. lia-l . Mis- II in FEMALE TEACHERS. , educated under Mi-- o Miss Mary C. Richardson, educated al Bradford Ics Slaj i hu- setts, holding for many years a n-sponsiUi- p .sili.ui in tlj.it iii-titu; i>ui : a lady of superim- intellectual powers and a popular teacher. 3Iiss Mary' T. Ga<;e, educated at tie- A CI ml female Seminary, Aiel.e.i Mass., a teacher for many years. Her culture was marked. Her life was an ornament to the social -late Hiss Helen Cutter, a popular teacher for many years at Arlington, blissEmma D. Coburn, forascore of years holding important p<>si- tions as teacher in Western citieB. Of young ladies of the present employed in the common schools of this and adjoining towns, two may be named for their long and raluabt services Miss Susan M. Smith, great-granddaughter of James Gibson, and Miss M. Amanda Cloyd. Some Men of Note.— Deacon Amos Gage, born in 1717. 1'robably came to this town in 1739 or 1740, from Bradford, .Mass. Prominent in the church, in civil and military affairs. Died in 179:2. I ), a ai Barnabas Gibson, bom nearthe coast of Ire- land after his parents sailed for this country. His father's name was . lames. Among the old papers of the family is a receipt for the passage-money of the family, dated "Portrush, August 26, 1738." James Gibson, brother of Barnabas, for a series of years a man of great prominence in the affairs of Ihe town. Jesse < ribson, a son of .lames, a life-long resident of the town, often elected to town offices, for a long s, i ies id' years justice of peace, a man of unquestioned integrity, lie accumulated a large property, l>ied in 1S7H, aged eighty-nine, wanting a few days. Captain Henry Baldwin, at whose house the first town-meeting was held, died in 17o4. Dr. John Mussey, father of Reuben Dimond Mus- sey, often chosen to offices of importance in town. James and Samuel Hobbs, grandsons ot' the first minister, stirring men and often called to positions of public responsibility. General Samuel M. Richardson, a true gentleman, a distinguished citizen, a member of a family thai not only adorned New Hampshire, but Massachusetts. He left a generous legacy to the First Congregational Society, and also to the town for remodeling the old meeting-house into a town hall. David Cutter, for many years postmaster and a justice of the peace. He was very exact in the trans- action of all business, exemplary and strictly law- abiding, a pillar in the moral and religious institu- tion- of thi' town. He died in L863, agi eighty-two years, and left two thousand dollars to Ihe First Congregational Society. General Joshua Atwood, for more than thirt) yeare moderator of the annual town-meeting. He died in 1872, aged sixty-live year-. Benjamin F. < hitter, a generous and public-spirited citizen, was widely known iii bis horticultural and nursery business. lie died in 1 870, aged sixty-seven years. Colonel Enoch Marsh, who still survives, near his ninetieth year, in a "green old age," a gentleman of the truest type. He in ver sought or held office; but to the support of this religious institutions of the town and causes of Christian philanthropy he has given bi> time, his strength and his propertj . Misses Eliza and Caroline Hastings cami from Boston to l'elham in 1835, to live on the small prop- ertj thej had acquired by years of teaching, an employment that they engaged in when financial reverses came upon their father's business. They were ladies of a true culture and a noble Christian spirit. They rented the building once occupied by Mr. Hardy for a scl 1. and afterwards il was known as the Cottage. They employed their time in the care of I h.ir cultured natures and deeds of charity. They loved to walk the different streets of the town and make informal calls in all the homes. Families in all pails of the town were wont to have them as their guests. They made for themselves a large place in ihe esteem and affection of the people. Thej were a great acquisition to society. Their influence was salutary. Miss Eliza died September 10. L853, aged seventy-one. The -hock was great to Miss Caroline. Sim endured it with Christian fortitude, and died 642 aiSTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. April 26, 1872, aged eighty-nine. Their u ith the ]>ed|>le of their adoption. Physicians. — The earliest was Dr. .Viims Richard- son; then Dr. John Mussey, Dr. Aaron Grosvenor, Dr. William Gage, Dr. Benjamin R. Skelton, Dr. Benjamin F. Simpson, Dr. Edwin Grosvenor, Dr. Lucius Grosvenor, Dr. Amos Batchelder. Dr. Batchelder commenced practice in town in 1837. He has been a studious man and kept himself abreast of the times in his profession. He has also been a careful observer and extensive reader in natural history and general science, and he has a cabinet of six thousand specimens of. his own col- lection. Music. — The Pelham people have always been musi- cal. The Gages, Butlers, Cutters, Gibsons, Atwoods and Wilsons were musical families. Of those who Led the singing in the past, and sometimes taught singing- schools, were Deacon Amos Gage, Deacon Abel Gage, General Samuel M. Richardson, David Cutter, Jona- than B.Greeley, Abel Gage, Jr., Jesse Wilson, Colonel Enoch Marsh, Frederic A. Spofford and, later. Wil- liam Chase. In the years 1798 and 1805 there were articles in the warrant tor the annual town-meeting to see if the town would appropriate money for a singing-school. In neither instance was the appro- priation made; but in 1803 the town "voted to purchase a bass viol for the use of the singers ; also that Deacon Abel (.age, Samuel M. Richardson and Doc' William Gage be a committee to purchase s d viol." In 1859 an unusually fine-tcned pipe-organ was purchased for the church, since then .Mr. Alonzo D. Greeley, an amateur in music, has played the organ, led the singing and devoted much time and expense to the culture of music in the town. When the organ was procured there were but two or time pis - in town; now there are a dozen, and parlor organs in almost every house. Two of the school-houses have musical instrn in . -n t- CHAPTER III. CIVIL GO'* ERNM IM'- mi 11 i aky — or.. >w nr, hi. vi- m i-m i \ i AND CHANGE— PERSONAL REMINISI ENCES. Civil Government.— The town from the firsl took a thoughtful interest in the constitutions of both the i nai ional governments. At a town-meeting April 111, 1778, "Mr. James Barnard was then chosen as a member of that Con- vention that is to meet at ( loncord on June the tenth next, in order to form a Plan of Government for the People of this State for their future g 1 ami hap- " Voted to ehuse a Committee of Eleven men to Give Instruction to said Barnard Concerning the plan of Government, which are as follows: Messrs. Maj. Daniel Coburn, Esq. Gage, Do John Mussey, Esq. Gibson, Dca. Barnabas Gibson, Dea. Amos Gage, Thomas Spofford, Nehe'miah Butler, Capt. Jesse Wil- son, Capt. A-a Richardson, Peirce Gage." I'h e plan that was submitted to the people by the convention of June, 17M, was considered in the town- meeting held in December, and " Voted to chuse a committee to Take into consideration the plan of Government, and make remarks on it and lay them Before the tow a." "< 'hose the < !ommittee ( viz.), Dea. Barnabas Gibson, Aaron Wyman, Jacob Butler, Jun., David Butler, Abel Gage, Joshua Atwood, Caleb Butler, Doc' John Mussey, Josiah Gage, Esq., and Mark Gould." This plan was discussed on the re- port of the committee, by articles, at a town-meeting Januarj 21, 1782, and substantially rejected by Pel- ham, as it was by the State. The convention sub- mitted another plan in August, 1782. At a town- meeting December 2d this was referred to s com- mittee, Dr. John Mussey, Nathaniel Abbot. James Gibson, Esq., Josiah Gage, Esq., Jess,- Smith, Abie! Barker, Jacob Butler. Jr., Pea. Barnabas ( lilison and David Butler. The meeting then adjourned till the 17th. " The town being Mette. according to the above adjournment, Voted not to accept ol the Plan ot Government as it now stands, by 60 Votes. Voted to accept the Plan of Government with the Amendments mad.- by the Committee, by 52 Votes; 7 Persons Voted against it." This plan was also rejected by the State. The con- vention met in June, 1.783, and submitted another plan to the people. At a meeting held August L8th, "Voted, to choose a committee of Nine Persons to take under Consideration the Alteration of the Eight Article of the Coulideration. Coin., M'. David Butler, M r . Uriah Abbott, James Gibson, Esq., M '. Joshua Atwood, Deak" Barnabas Gibson. Josiah Gage, Esq., M r . John Ferguson, Doct r John Mussey. M r . Aaron Wyman. Voted for the afore s' 1 Committee to take under Consideration the Address Ir Con- vention." "The Moderator Adjourned s 1 Meeting Three Weeks." "Met According to tin- Above Adjournment." " Voted, to receive a Verbal Report of s d Committee that is to alter the Eight Artical of Conlideiation. (viz.), that is the Proportion among the United State- Shall be Laid by the Number of Souls. Voted, to Receive a Verbil Report of the afore s d Committee, that is not to alter the Executive Department." This plan was adopted by the State and ratified h\ the convention I (ctober -".lst. These quaint record> show how carefully the under- lying principles of both the national confederation and the State Constitution were examined by the citizen-, ot' Pelham. PELHAM. TOWN CLERKS. 1746-47, Eleazar Whiting ; 1748 19, Benrj Baldwin, I AmosGage; 17:..:, 1'awil .l..n. - 17 . 1- .7, Amos Gage ; 1758, Levi Hi]- dreth ; 1759-72, Vi Gag. 1773-74, Josiah Gage .ii . 1775-82, Dan- ielBarker; 1783-90, John Ferguson ; 1791-96, Benjamin Barker, Jr.; ., Hardy; 1799-1802 Benjamin Barkel 1803 1, Peti i Patereon; 1805-19, William Hardy (2d) | 1820-23, William Atwood; 1824-26, William Hardy ; 1827-31, James Hobbs ; 1832, Reuben B.Gib- , J. r.-iniiih Tvh i : l-':.--:', 1 '. ihaih-- Spnl!..].! ; Isl'i-ll. U u Hobbs; 1843, Charles Spofford ; 1844-45, Frederic A. Spoflbrd ; 1845, David Spofford; 1841! 85, John Woodbury ; 1865.A - Batchelder ; l-i i 67, Joshua At" 1, .II, 1868-77, Vmos Batcheldel 1878 - '. . ]i. .Li,, i -.-,:->:,, iiunii-I V AlivLijil DELEGATES TO Till: SEVERAL CONSTITUTIONAL CONVEN- TIONS. 1778, James Barnard ; 1781, Jacob Butler, Jr. ; 1791, James Gibson ; 1851, Joshua Atwood ; 1876, F. M. Woodbury. PI ION "| iDEB U, CONSTITUTION. 1788, Rei . Amos M Ij REPRESENTATIVES. ITT:., Aaron Wvtnali ; l77>.-7>. .lame- < .11— n , I 77''-sl, David Butler ; 1782, JameH Gib . 1788 B5, Jacob Butler, Jr. ; 1786, Ji Gibson; 1787-88, Jacob Butlei 1789 voted nol to send; 1790, James Gibson ; 1791, voted not t.i send; 1792, James Gibson; 1793-96, Rev. vmos M i. 1797, Nehemiah Butler; 1798, Rev. Amos H ly ; 1799-1802, James Gibson . 1803 - R< i ^moe M lj . 1807. Ji isGibson ; 1808- :,. josiah Butler; L81U 11, James Gibson; 1812 20 Uaj. Samuel M. .'a, a 34, .i.-ss, .,ii,-, m. I. -i : i- '■ >. -..-.Hi"! M Ri. 1'." Ison , I - .■ David B a- blel 1837, -I. - ll.ii.i-, Esq. 1838- 11, Jesse Gibson 184 15, J Uwocd 1846 17, Gilberl Coburn; 1848-49, Josbua Uv, 1- 1850, JesseGibson; 1851, Darius Stickney ; 1852, Joshua At» B53-54, John Richardson ; 1855 .6, Joshua Uwood ; 1857 >8, John W Ibury ; 1859-60, linos Bat. heldel 1861-1 2, Dai n I Mai I. Warren Sherburne ; 1865, Kimball Gibson ; 1866, Georgi II Currier; 1867-68, Eliphelel I w 1 18G9 70, William G Butler; 1871 7:. vm. ,., 1873-74, rge H.Currier; 1875-70, John H tburj 1871 !i St than Gage; 1879, Daniel N \i« 1, l881,Lutheri Richardson ; 1883, GeorgeS. Butler; 1880, Rirhar.l IS. Hillnian. Military Record— The citizens of Pelham have always been patriotic. They have enlisted in all the wars of our country and shed their blood on nearly every battle-field. Amos Gage, an early settler of the town, one of the original members of the church and the first deacon, was a captain in the French and [ndian War. and lost a son, aged twenty years, in that war. In the old records of the town the following is found: "In the year 170,". Begune the BloodJ wai Btween England and li.ui,.., ,iti,l llir win.!., r.itnitiv ut 'anaila \va- -in i .ii.h-rr.l f-i his - , i ... in il.. i, .ii i ;..". •■tin. an mini ,.t 11..- n ii i. .I.... ..I iii. ii thai »,i- !,.-! I" l"n-iii. ■ I.. I'. 11.. i in that died a Broad : ■' Jonathan Wright, Kd«ard Wvinati. K/.ni l.iill.l.a.l Si„,.,n l:.-ai.l, Lieut. Thomas Gage, foseph Gage, Simon W3 I' Weber." In the American Revolution, no one of the colonies exhibited a more resolute and determined spirit of resistance to the oppression of Great Britain than New Hampshire, and in no town of the Stale was this spirit more pronounced than in Pelham. At a town-meeting April 1, 1777." Voted, twenty pounds lawful money per man l lint shall Inlist. tor three years into the Continental army." April 7th. " Voted, to anex Ten Pounds Lawful 3 to the above Twentj pounds, to Each Soldier who shall Inlist into the Continental army lor the Term of three years." June 4th, " Voted, that Each man who has served as a Soldier in Defence of the United States of amer- iea, shall be allowed sixteen shillings ami Eight Pence per month." " Those Persons who were in the service two months at Wiiiterhill. Being Present, agreed to take out twelve Shillings per month." At a town-meeting February -. 177*. " Voted, that LA John Bradford, M'. Aaron Wyman, ('apt. Asa Richardson Be a Committee to Provide lor the Soldiers' Families." At this meeting the vole was re- considered, " allowing each soldier sixteen shillings and eight pence per month for what he hath done in the service more than his proportion." ami a com- mittee chosen to bring in under oath "how much shall he allowed to those who have served .'is soldier- in the several Campaigns that have been in the Presenl War.'' This committee brought in at a sub- sequent meeting that the year's men should lie al- lowed nine pounds and sixteen pence per man. At this meeting" Voted, to chuse a Committee to Instruct the Representative Concerning the Confed- eration Lately Published by the Continental Con- gress," which would indicate that the men of Pelham had a nice percepti if equity and justice and saw distinctly a wrong that has convulsed the nation and \1 ;i n,,, tiim .if til.' Ft'.-.. II. .1.1.. I- o Ii. 1 ithi't iii!i. il. emit- '.1 th. t.,\vii ■ of February, 177s, The Following . ;.[.]. ..nit.. I by Baid town ,,, for il,.- Tom\ oj Pelham it.- th, 13 the Voi til... townof Pelham . ,..,,, i.,i Court, and .1- it must be y -I'mistitu.-nt* mall important 1.. 11. .wini; in-tni, li.ai- w ■ of Pelham, ..it Monday, 1 .. Ninth 1 1.-1 1 11. t ■ v..'"' reporte by ii-. t for that purpose, v. Inch i ere ace. '• 7'n ./ 'a Gibson, Esq. /;.,,..... . Provincial Congress ■> Bxetei "OlMl.l 11 ss —You 1 ,,,_ , 1,,,- 1,, Represent them in tl - i' to M.n 1.. know matters, m think lit 1., to the articles oi coufedei y.. III--. -11 I., -'t, an all'-i ation ..1 u r g. the calling ■> full 1 bj ill'' general asaem _ .1 1 menl plan or 1 -, wilh all ve |.-vf t«. ymr tinnne^ •clnrii ami Liberty (an-l 1 Dh. John Mi ssi ■ ' 1,1, .ImSI! 'Jacob Bi ■ 644 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The records of the town during the year- of the Revolutionary War indicate a whole-hearted loyalty to the cause and faithfulness to the soldiers. Some of these simple records are a beautiful revelation of i he character of the men and spirit of those times. March 2, 1778, " Voted, to pay Samuel Davis four Dollars in the Lieu of a Counterfeit Bill which he received of the town for his services in the war." " Voted, to Pay Asa Knowlton Fifty Dollars for his service three years in the war." At a town-meeting April 13, 1778, " Voted, to hire one man to go into the Continental service for nine months, to make Up the town's proportion of the three years' men. Voted, that Eng\ Nathan Butler should hire the man and the town to pay the man that s d Butler should hire.'' At. a town-meeting February 1."., 1781, " Voted, to chuse a committee of three men to hire soldiers for three years to go into tin- war, (vis.): Asa Richardson, Amos Gage, L'. .\c\ ins." At a meeting March 13th of this year, the com- mittee to average the expense of the war made their report, which was accepted,— ' Voted, thai i ney to the v:i • III.- -p.-,ha I.. settle lln ■ V.t.,1, h. alow thus,- .... II 111;, I went t., WilltiT-llill f..r Fu--hl Hill-, two Bushels ..I corn Per month, le value in money . " Voted, tu alow the year's nun I'm- Bushels ,.f ,_,,,,, |v, , ,u,. ,„■ ||„. Q n. -\ • Votr.l, t,. liIiav Hk.s.- that Went tu Portsmouth urn- month, one Rn-hi-l • if cum Per month, ..r tin- vain.- in m..n.-\ " Poled, to alow the Hve months' men that went to Tic leroga, two Bushels of corn Per ith, or the vain.- in money. " Voted, toalnw throe months' in.-n thai went l" STork, one Bushel ol "I II. "I III'- \.llll. I Voted, to alow the two months' men that went to Fork, on. Bushel -.1 . orn Per in. .nth, or the value in in -v. 'Voted toalon the two n> I. men that went to Bennington, Com Bushi Is ..i ".-in Per month, ... the vain,- in money. i ted, to alov the year's men Raised in 1770. three Bu or the Value in money. •' Voted, to alow the one month's at Rhode Man. I, Bushel ol ■ value in money. Voted, W. Ill tu 1 I'.ri the value in money " Voted, tu aluw the l\vu muliths' men that went Bushel uf eurn per month, or the value in m.inev. '" I--" the ,ix months' men iliat went lu York I'. -, . -1: , Tw, Bushel- - the ' l-'..'. to aluw the three inunlhs' men Itai-. .1 in the year 1781', four n. Per month, ... the value In money. " Voted, to alow those Pel - thatw.nl \ olunt.-.-is, thai I, no- Hun. ' ■<•' than their Proportion in the war ..I time, hair liberty to Depose uf At a town-meeting July 9th of this same year " Voted, that those Persons that has Paid their Beefrate shall take it Back again out of the Constables' Bands." At a town-meeting on February 1,1782," Voted, thai the corn that was voted to settle the s d average should be set at half a Dollar Per Bushel." The town sen! eighty-six true men to the war; the following arc their names : ■'"^"■' A< w •■ '"ah Abbot, Abijah Austin, Isaac Barker, Benja- min Barker, Deacon Daniel Barker, .Joseph Bailey, Simon B.-ar.l, Dam. Buih-i, Nathan Butler, .Jacob Butler, Lieutenant John Bra.lfoi. I M.-iu I'ol.iuii, Asa Chum. Benjamin Coburn, Edward Coburn, Seta I 1111. Samuel Dm is, .lames Farmer, .lames Ferguson, John Ferguson, Michael Fitzgerald, John Foster, David, Abner and Daniel Gagi family; Captain Jonathan Gage. \-a, Vl.el and lin.s li, t i-, ,,| th.-sai,.. Tamil,! . Dam. -I i. age, it,, haul Gage, Deacon Am..- Gage, Joeiah Gag. Benjamin Gage, Deacon Barnabas Gibs James Gibson, Phinehas '' " - " illialn Gordon, Alexander i.iahalu, Josiab G ItSOn, I. a. than Griffin, Phineas Hamblet, Reuben Samblet, Nathaniel Haseltine, Major Thomas Hardy, Simon Hardy, Noah Hardy, J< liah Hardy, William Hardy, Cyrus Hardy, James Hardy, James Hobbs, Enocl Howard, Sa el Howard, John lluyi, William Johnson, Phinehai Kimball, Ziba Kimball, Benjamin Kimball, John Kimball, Thomas Knowlton, Vsa Knowlton, Amos Kemp, Jacob Marsh, tfoah Mareh, John Marsh, Dudley Harsh, Zebulon May, . I.. in Mills, Jonathai Morgan, Lieutenant Robert Sevens, Ebenezer Palmer, Daniel Richard- son, E/ekiel Richardson, Thomas Richardson, Tl lasSpofford, Edward Tenny, Jonathan Tenny, Th..ma- Thistle, Xathan Whitim, Captaii .Ji—e WiNon. .lulu, Williams .lu-.-ph Wright, .lulm Wyman The -aine spirit of patriotism and alacrity in meet- ing the calls of country was exhibited in the War of the Rebellion. Partisan spirit was intense. The dif- ference- of opinion about the causes of the war were pronounced ; but when the flag was tired upon at Sumter, these were all sunk in one united de- votion to the integrity of our government, and the dominant sentiment was most forcibly voiced in a toast of a distinguished citizen on the 4th of July, 1861 : " Union first, compromise afterwards." The following is the list of the soldiers from Pel- ham : Benjamin F. Bean, Joseph w. Bright, Willi. G. Burnham, Edwin - Burnham, Crank E Butler, Charles w Butler, William W. Butler, James Carey, Kimball J chaplin, Benjamin Chase, Is. 11. Da ts, Edward Dow, llonsio Ellenwood I'rauk M Ellenwood, Joshth 8 Everett D""-i I'. I"\. .- II Ga... W,ll,.,m II. .;.,,.-.' lO.-kielV ,u.,.. \ McCoy, .la,,,,- E. McCoy, OltOl :- Marsh. F.lwanl Muran, Miehae W . Philbrick, Russell 0. Richard- *per, Alfred s. Smith, Neil - I - .-. Spc.ii, W illiam B. Thorn, Vi.le: ii II. Titeuiuh, Frank E. Titcomb, Vndrew C am, Lyman Web- l.-i. G-oige W. Wilkins, Oilman Ii. Growth, Development and Change.— For several years after the incorporation of the town there were deer wardens, surveyors of brick and leather, cullars of staves and fish wardens. Tvthingnicn were chosen til] the year 1838. In 1764, " Votedto ReserveaH the timber and woo now Growing and standing in the highways in this, town for the use and benefit of the Reparing the highways in said town." In 1792 it was voted to work out part of the high- way money in the winter. In 1796 it was voted that sheep shall not go at large from May till October. In 1798 the town voted to clear the brooks so that the fish might have a " clear passage." The same year there was an article in the warrant to see if the town will Mite to raise money to purchase amninio- 645 tion, and also provide ;i place to keep a stock. This was defeated; but in 1809 it was voted to leave it with the selectmen to provide a magazine. In 1800 the town voted "to pay the expenses of the soldiers on muster-day." The intensity of the eeelesiastieal feeling is indi- cated bj another vote of this same year, which was "not t<> pay Joshua Atwood the expense of the din- ner for the council about Mr. Smith." In 1807 the town voted not to buy a hearse ; but in 1815 voted one hundred ami fifty dollarsfor a hearse. Some years alter, the body of this was put on run- ners for winter use, ami a new hearse was built by Mr. Asa Davis Butler. In 1865 a new hearse was purchased tor six hundred dollars ; Major John W 1- bury ami Mr. Alfred S. Smith were the agents that made the purchase. In 1882 a winter hearse was purchased at an expense of two hundred dollars. In the earlier days tile farmers went with their ox- teams to Haverhill, old Salem ami Boston to mar- ket. Until within the last twenty-live years the OX performedall the labor of the farm. A yoke of oxen and a horse hauled the wood to market. Now, labor of all kinds is performed by horses. Twenty-five years ago there were hut tw : three covered carriages in town. Now, every farmer has one. In the same period there has been either a rebuilding or remodel- ing of marly every dwelling-house and barn in town, and machinery has come to facilitate all the labor of the farm. In the earlier days of the town the water of nearly every brook in town was utilized for a saw-mill. Now, very often, steam mills are set up in the wood lot, and the lumber of a number of acres sawed in a few weeks. The first century of the town's history was distinguished by the construction of roads. In 1825-26 two routes of public travel from Lowell, north and northeast, were improved, — the present Mammoth ami Central roads, — the one constituting a public thoroughfare to Concord, the other to Dover and Portsmouth. Lines of stages went over each of these roads. At a later date lie stage over the Central road was called the " Chicken Line," from the amount of poultry expressed over it. I >u the .Mammoth were some famous hostclrics, nota- bly the one at North Pelham, kept, for a time, by the late Jesse Gibson, Esq. It was a satisfaction for Mr. and Mrs. Gibson, in their old age, to tell how President Jackson, Levi Woodbury, Isaac Hill ami Daniel Webster had received the hospitalities of their The Centre had two public inns and was tin' resort of the neighboring towns for the recreations of elec- tion-days. The speed of horses would be tried on the plain, and the strength of parties tested in wrestling matches. It also furnished favorable grounds for the autumn musters. On the place formerly owned by Samuel Hobbs and later by his sun. Moody Hobbs, there is a stone known as the "lifting stone." The early proprietor <>f the place is said to have tested the strength of his help by this. That the Indians once had their homes here is evi- dent from Indian names. Golden Brook, is so called from an Indian who lived by it. 'flic site of his wigwam is still to be seen, a little to the southeast of the Moody Hobbs place. Mr. William W. Butler has an interesting eollee- ti f Indian relics thai he ha- gathered from his farm. Dr. Batchelder has a large number and variety in his cabinet. Gumpas Pond and Hill, as well as Jeremie's Hill, perpetually remind of th dginal in- habitants of this town. The firs! settler- not onlj endured the privations and hardships incident to the making their homes in the wilderness but perils from wild beasts. The wife of Lieutenant Tho. Gage, who was lost in the French and Indian War, had been to visit a neighbor on the other side of Beaver Brook from the Centre. On re- turning to her home, .hi Baldwin Hill— there was no habitation on the way — she was suddenly startled b\ hearing footsteps behind her. which she discovered to he a bear, ami with difficulty kept him at bay till she reached her home. Mrs. Gage was a woman of great energy. Sin- went to Boston on horseback, ami car- ried thread ami yam of her own manufacture, and bought nails to build a house, which is said to be the house, m the place owned at present by Mr. Under- wood. Jonathan, her son, a captain in the Revolutionary War, was the first male child born after the incorpora- tion of the town. Mrs. ( iage's life had severe ex- periences. Besides I be loss of her husband in the French and Indian War. her son, John < rage, a y g man with a family, perished in the snow, January 26, 1765, aged twenty-seven, He had been, with his grist on bis back down in Draeut. (to what, ill these later years, has been known as LawSOn's,) to mill. He bad returned nearly to his home, where he was found the next morning In the door-yard of the place where the late Major Daniel Atwood lived, a bear was shol l,\ Simon Beard, the knob of his fire-shovel serving in- stead of a bullet. There is a storj of an attack upon the cattle of Butler and Hamblet by wolves. The cattle of both families ranged (he woods west of their settlement, in the direction of Gumpas Pond. One Sabbath a loud bellowing was heard; a young man from each of the families seized his gun and started in the direction of the pond. I | mtering the foresl they met the cattle coming in great haste, the cows ahead in single file, then the young cattle in the same order, some with their heads scratched and bloody. Following these was a cow. also scratched and bloody, with a young calf before her; behind her four oxen abreast. with bloody bead-, and in tie- rear of the oxen three angry, growling wolves. The young men discharged their guns and the wolves fled. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The old town records are exceedingly interesting and suggestive. Such are the following: 'This Day Hugh Tallent Left the hole throu the Eight Ear." "This Day the Rev*. Kr. imos M Ij Lefl the Mark of all 1 lUIT-S, Which ].- .1 Suallnu' • Hi Eai ■ 3o too is the following, which is vi the records of the first iiln ; . frequent i'i 1 11 v 11, Maj 1 16, 1; roh i u. bbi md bis wife and family, Late of metl Ilil out "I s'i town by Benjam 11 Barker one >S 1 ' III.- iirraciit year. So too the ollow ng, se-\ iral 1 f which 1 mi- in the r irds of e ch V iar, fn m 1 790, for l\\ enty-five ;. ears: .... ILIUM, Sept the 8th, L800. "To .ill whom it may concern thi s cm H biting, ol Pelham, Living .1 fev, rode eas Ol 1 in town, on the road ■ a. litis; rom Not! ,,,!,.„, West toHa .-,1 well Qualified foi etailing foreign dietilled piritsandv, '« B'ii 1 4M Wymax 1 of Pelham. B] 1 11 • , 1: 1: . Tot I nilMMlr.l nir ,1 1,- |i, 1 Mai 11.-.I 111. -n I1-0111 li, to HO Mi'ii. i'i \ .mi - and upwards I ''in ilea, unmarried Females, married Widows M.N s]av...s Total "SIosk.s Eaton, i "'""" '"' ''"" '"-' "/ S'l/f'j t;r II,. ;■,,„,„,. ,,,' March, 1752, the (own- Voted to William Elliott lour shillings a Dinner for .Mr. Hobbs, upon the Sah- bath." At the same meeting - Voted to Henry Bald- win, Esq., thirteen pounds, old tenor, tor rinding Licker for the ordation " (ordination). 1790," Voted, to rectify the pound, but not to ap- point a person to take care of it." 1701, the pound was moved into .Mr. Ferguson's field, the hack side of the meeting-house. Quaint Persons.— Tlie town probably has had the usual proportion of such. Tradition brings several anecdotes of Preceptor Hardy. He was very scholarly hut possessed of little practical knowledge, lie cm, 1,1 not harness or care for his horse. He had hut small estimate of the value of money. His father, Adju- tant Hardy, ha. 1 a nice pair of velvet breeches. On going for them, they could not he found. The -rear query with the family was, What had become of them? when Daniel remarked that a man had come along begging for a pair, and he had given him those There is an authentic story of a g 1 man who lived on Baldwin's Hill, who was so scrupulous in !l " observance of Fast Daj that he gave his cattle nothing to eat till night, and, on calling inn. a neighbor's on his return from the religious services . Compliance to a Resolve of 1 longress at Exeter, we ve taken au exact account of Every Soul belonging to th. Town of ■' .Males under 16 is . )(l) . From IG to50 is n , Males above .... is ,~ Males .'. ihr yis ..,, Females is Total ~~ N B.-The Quantity ofPowde. taken, by estimation as nea, as] - Guns lit fur us.. 11Q Guns wanting i^ ' ,,, 1k.11 l.y us tin, |-t!i day ,,l S..],n, 17;-, J "/ ■ "Pelham, Septr. y« 12th. 1775 " Tliis.laY I v,s,, nail van. IS,.,, rally A ,.,,,, iv.n'.r,,!,. ■„,., the SuliRrih, ''"' ali..\c I... I S,l,. itnicii. a n.l madr ,,ath t. . tin- cnflil : II" .,!,.. Number of Soulstaken by them to be a true account. "Daniel Barker, Town rl.rir " Pelham, .May 27th, 1786 "The following isa True List of the Number of Inhabitants .,f 11 Town of Pelham : Number of mals Number of female .->,..- if the day, remarked, ips that day hut tobm ■that -ll.'l I. Ml 1769,— INI I "I N> u HAMPSHIRE. ' ■■! .I"' surveyors ol tin highways foi the You are hereby required, in his Majesty"' Mill, II ' thair The Faithless Lover.— In the long ago a school mistress on Baldwin's Hill used to knit going to and returning from her dinner, nearly a mile distant, for a young man in college, who tailed to make real the expectations he had aroused. The provincial records ,,f New Hampshire con- tain a few interest in- census items of Pelham. I Jewell's, and so by your own house; II to the road which 1 .-.sir, rohn !■' I.e.- I.. \...ik Ins ., r 'in highways, yon are 1.. deal with .his ..f it,,. Law, whe 1 fail n. a. Mac ii N,-\t ensuingthedatehereof. wentyeth Day of March, and in the pence Pr day for a Pair of oxen. "Work 1 done in .inn.. Septembei and October. "Samuei B ., , " Barnabas .Ihmin, | &'«*>»«». ■ ~ She rburne, 1 bomas Jewell, Benoni Jewell, Marl ni.i, Lot sranMitn:. In.,.|,l, U,,..l,,,.I„sl,„a Han t, Capt, William : \-. M la. bardson, Ebenezai Parmer, William \V Kl.a/ai Whiting." ...11 11.. ar.l. t^^^-Z^-^s^Z^f^^*-^ I/O ^S-^- ^ > ■_:,tl|. ad BH "GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Mr. William W. Butler has in bis possession a deed of his farm, given in L732, and the property has since been in the possession of the Butler family. The mills ;ii North Pelham, owned by the estate of Asa Davis Butler, have been the property of thai family since 1737. They have an old deed of thai date, given b) John and Samuel !<> Joseph Butler, so thai it has reallj been the property of the Butler familj from an earlier date. The farm in the west pari of the town owned bj Mr. Warren Sherburne has been, with the exception of a single year, in the Sherburne name since 1751, ami Mr. Sherburne lias a deed of that date. The farm of Captain Jesse Wilson has been the property of the Wilson familj from aboul the time of the incorporation of the town, and Captain Wilson has in his possession a deed thus ancient. There are a number of ancienl houses in town. The one On the lladley farm has a tal.lel in it, placed there bj Mrs. Belinda Butler Hadley, certifying thai the house was erected in 1776, and was the home of Daniel Butler and Mollj Tenney, his wile, and thai thirteen children were horn to them t here. The hen, ,• where Dr. Reuben Dimond Mussey was horn (June 23, 1780) i- still standing on the place owned bj Mr. Daniel Pearsons. Dr. Mussey was wont to \ early visit it. .lust below where Dr. Mussey lived, on the place now owned by Mr. I'mliiwood, there was an exten- sive tannery, where a dozen hand- were employed. Captain Jonathan < (agi carried on the business. Cooperage was quite an industry of the town. There was also the manufacture of pearlash. II ;ii- were manufactured in town. Deacon Charles Stiles had a shop at his place on the Mammoth road and worked at the business till 1870. Jesse Gibson Esq., i an ii I on I In h trness business al North Pelham At two differenl timi - there has been a cotton-fac tory at Butler's Mills, which has had the misfortune i nut. The lasl one was burnl in 1871. A short distance below Butler's Mill- there was a cardin n later years, was altered into a woolen-factory. A few years since this was burnt and has not since been rebuilt. Running across the easterly part of the town is a ledge of granite, lie- working of this ledge has been an important industry. The stone to build the dam at Law rence was hauled from Gage Hill, in tie north- east paii oi t he town, and that to build the ri rvoil :il Lowell was taken from the ledjre of Miss Sarah Lyon, in i he - >ul h pan of the town. Just on i he bor der of the town, mar Mr. Abraham Tallent's, there was a brii I. -yard. 'I'h ■ i obbler with his kit of tools and the tailoress with h ■ from house to house and tarry- ing while thej prep. ire. I -hoe- mid garments for the famih . were institutions of the past. m:v. Ala. I SI I - I.I i: l: •, . Rev. Augustus Berry was born in Concord, on what is known as Dimond Hill, October 7, L824. His parents were \\ ashington Bern, and Maria Dale Berry. His lather was a native of Middleton, Mass., which was the home of his ancestors. His mother, of Sal eii i, Mass., wliieli was I lie home ol her a nee-tor-. His father returned to his native place in 1828, and moved to Henniker, to a faun In the southwest pari of i he town, known as the Judge Wallace place, in L833, This was the home of his parent foi re than Minis veins. The associations of hi hood, youth and earlj n hood are al Henniker. In boyh I he had a passionate love of books, and rend much i hough laboi ing lend on i he farm. < >m e lie, ing i i erelj wounded one of his limbs, the thought quickly flashed through his mind as an pie eoinpensation for all eon linemenl and suffer- ing, " now I shall have time to read." He was very desirous to get an education. He walked, several terms, three miles to the village to attend the academy. If he went to college he must depend mainly upon himself for the means. He re- solved to try. At an i arlj age he commenced to teach in the district school. He taughl a number of months al Amherst and made there many valuable ti a nd-hips. 1 1 1- studies, preparatory for • ollege, were pursued mainl) at Francestown Academy. He graduated at Amherst College in the class of 1851, w ii h .i In- h rank in schol trship. I >uring his colli gi LUghl lour successful fall terms in the old academy at Henniker. On graduating he accepted the charge of the academy at Limerick, Me., and the school soon had an unprecedented patronagi ii the end of the second year he left in the face of an urgent inv itation to n main. In the spt it he accepted I he charge of t he acadi m\ al Lj ndon, Vt., and remained till the summer oi 1855, when he ii principal of i.ppleton Academy, al Mom Vi iieai, \ hen he remained five > eat -., and left to .nh r t he ministry. II.- was a popular ami successful teachi i . More than a thousand different pupil- have bee el. r his instruction, a largi number of whom have tilled and are filling important positiot society. A brii f quotation from a private letti I pupil who has attained reputal ion at the bar, and now has a high position in the Judiciarj of the State of New York, will indicate something of the , I, of his teaching. He says, " I fort you always seemed to make to distin between individual minds and to seek to meet their special aptitudes. To mj mind this i- the secret of nil valuable instt ucl ion in school oi elsi « here. I ; with confidence thai under your instruction more than anywhere else I received that training and HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. discipline in habit.- of thought which have been use- ful to me in all my pur-nits.'' In 1857 he received a license to preach, and fre- quently supplied tin- pulpit in Mont Vernon and neighboring towns. In the autumn of 1860 he went to Andover and remained during the seminary year, and attended the lectures of the middle and .senior classes. In October, 1861, he was settled over the church in l'elhani, where he is still pastor. As a writer he is distinguished tor perspicuity and purity of style. His productions are characterized by a ful- ness of thought. A ministerial brother, pastor of an important city church, and whose reputation as scholar, critic and preacher is acknowledged, gives the following estimate of him : " He is held in pecu- liar esteem by those who have become familiar with his mental qualities and habits. There is unfailing freshness in his thinking, because he holds his mind unvaryingly open to the acquisition of new truth. With a sound scholarship and broad reading he holds the field of knowledge a broad one and still open for conquest, lie evinces a remarkable spirit of candor in dealing with the living issues of the day, and with a commendable modesty in the estimate put upon his own attainments, shows a power of penetration and sound judgment not often surpassed. The fairness and kindness of his consideration tor others is re- warded by a universal regard on the part of his brethren in the mini-try." lie was married to Mi— Dora Richardson Snow, of Peterborough, November 24, 1853. She died March 15, 1873. January 30, 1877, he married Miss Mary < 'urrier Richardson, of l'elhani. Apart from the specific duties of his pastorate, he lias maintained a living interest in the cause of edu- cation, and kept himself familiar with the new methods of instruction and the educational thought of the present time. The subject of agriculture, both practical and scientific, engage- his attention, and he makes the social problems of the age his study. i If a retiring disposition, he has never -ought place or po-ition. With a passionate love of nature, and courting the retirement that a country life furnishes for study, hi' ha- had no other ambition than to faith- fully serve in the gospel ministry an intelligent, agri- cultural population, who have ever been very chari- table toward- bun and coii-idcrate of him. JOHN WOODBURY. The Woodbury family is of English descent, mem- bers of which emigrated to America as early as the yeai 1626, and many of them bave since been promi- nent in law, politics, &C. John W Ibury, ol Som- ersetshire, England, who was among the first settlers of Salem, Ma—., ha- numerous descendants in New England. He was a man of considerable ability; was admitted freeman in 1630 and was a representative to il court in 1635 and 1638. A namesake, John Woodbury, of Salem, had a son, Isaiah Wood- bury, who married Lois, daughter of Captain Israel Woodbury, another branch of the Woodbury family of Salem. John Woodbury, son of Isaiah and Lois (Wood- bury) Woodbury, was born in Cornish, N. H., March 25, L819. His lather dying when he was but eight months old, under the pressure of limited circum- stances, John was obliged, while but a mere lad, to lab.,r; and. at the age of six years, his mother re- moving to Salem. V II., he Went to live with an uncle in Haverhill, Mass., with whom he remained live years, working on the farm: from there he re- moved in Salem, and was with another uncle tor four year-. Kuring this time his advantages for education were limited to the district schools of the towns \\bir be resided. When he was fifteen In u.nt to Methuen, Mass., to learn the shoemaker's trade, which In mastered thoroughly in all it- detail-. Here he remained tor about two years, then came to l'elhani, where he worked at his trade one year, and continued at shoemaking and farming for a year or more in Salem and l'elham. At this time, having saved some money and feeling the need of education, he attended the New Hampton Academj tor the summer term. In the fall of 1838 he was employed in the famous Saxonville Mills, where he continued three years. Returning to l'el- ham he established himself as a butcher in the east part of the town, and after being there a year and a half, he came to Pelham Centre and carried on butchering for four years. In 1847 he commenced trade as a merchant in l'elhani and continued mer- chandising for over thirty years, when he retired from business life and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, more from a desire to he active and to he engaged in work than from any expectation id' gain. Mi. Woodbury married, December 26, 1843, Betsy A., daughter of Captain Samuel Hobbs, a life-long resident of l'elham. They have had four children,— John Otis (who died December 11. 1871), Alice A.. Mrs. Ezekiel C Gage (she has on.' child, Frank P.) Frank M. (the present postmaster, and who suc- ceeded his father in business), Eliza H., Mrs. Wil- liam II. Peabody, (she has two children, Harrj 0. and Frederick H.) Mr. Woodburj has been largely indentified with the affairs of the town of his adoption ; has frequently been called upon to discharge important local trusts, which have been uniformly done to the satisfaction of his constituents. He was town clerk twenty years consecutively; treasurer for fourteen years; select- man for six years; was moderator eleven, and post- master for many years. In his political belief he is a Democrat, and as such represented Pelham in 18.17, '58, '75 and '76. He is a prominent Freemason and a member of Pilgrim Commandery of Lowell, Mass. He has taken much interest in the military organiza- tion of the State and has held important official PELHAM. positions, — adjutant ami major in the Eighth Regi- ment Militia and was a member of General Joshua \i\\ L's staff and Inspector in Third Brigade, New Hampshire Militia. Mr. Woodbury is liberal in religion, noi a member of any church, and believes as long as a man acts according to his convictions and dots his duty faith- fully in the station to which he is called or circum- stances have placed him, that the particular denomi- i is of little worth, hut that we shall he judged 1>\ deeds and not creed. He occupies a high position in i In esteem of the worthy citizens of Pelham. He is modest and unpretent s. social, genial, hospi- table, upright and honorahle, and possessed of ureal sympathy and kindness of heart. A good citizen and an honest man, he has always acted up to the Scriptural command, "owe no man anything,'' and by his own unaided exertions, perseverance anil ability, has acquired a comfortable independence. HISTORY OF PETERBOROUGH. CHA 1'T EB l'lCTEKliORCifill. < >i i^in.il I'ti-.mt — N.im- "I T.nvn— Tin' Fn-t S.-t t K- n i.-ii r -= — N.iin,- ..: 1'n,- neers — Incorporation of Town — First Town-Meeting— Officers elected — Tuun Clerk*- Selo'tmrri- K w ■ - ~ > ■ T i T, itiv. -. The town of Peterborough lies in the western part of the county, and is bounded as follows: North, b) ll;ii 'IciiiiU ireen villi- ; east, by (4 recti - ville and Temple; south, by Temple and Sharon; ami west by ( Cheshire » lounty. The original grant of this township was made by tin' Legislature nf Ala.— ai'liiiiftts tn Samuel ETeyward ami others. December 8, 1737, approved by Governor Belcher, January Id, 1738, and surveyed in May fol- lowing. The survey was accepted and the grant confirmed June 11, 1738. Proprietors' meetings were held in Boston until 1753. On the 26th and 27th of September in that year a meeting was held in the town, at which time the name Peterborough first appears on the proprietors' records. It is probable that it was named in honor of Charles Mordaunt, Earl el' Peterborough. The settlement of the province line in 1741 decided the town to be within the limits of New Hampshire. Being within the limits of the Masonian proprietors' claim, a settlement with them becann aei essary, and means were used which resulted in procuring a quit- claim to all the territory in town but three thousand tour hundred an es. The First Settlements. — The adventuro who threaded their way through the wilderness, and lirst located in what is now the town of Peterborough, were William Robbe, Alexander Scott, Hugh Gregg, William Gregg. Samuel Stinson, William Scott, Wil- liam Wallace and Wallin Mitchel, in 17::'.'. These pioneers, however, made no permanent settlement. Tlie tract was subsequently visited by others, but no permanent settlement was effected until the year 174'.', after the cessat ton of hostilities bet n Britain and France and the settlement of the claims of the Masonian proprietors. The following is a list of the earlj settlers from 171'.'. taken from Smith's " Historj of Peterborough: " William Ritchie came from Lunenburg, Mass., where he paid a poll-tax in 17-hi, to Peterborough 650 with his family, probably in 1749. and settled on the Ritchie farm, so called, in the south part of the town. His son John was born February 11, 1750, the first child horn in town. Deacon William McNee moved his family here May 1. 1752, and settled in the smith part of the town. He removed .from Roxbury. in Massachusetts. Deacon William McNee, Jr., was twelve years ol age when bis lather removed to Peterborough. He removed to Dublin in 1760, and alter remaining there a few years, returned to Peterborough, where he died. His oldest child, Robert, was the first male child horn in Dublin. Joseph Caldwell (called Ensign , supposed to have occupied the Pitman Nay farm, which be sold, and which passed into the hands of Deacon William McNee, Jr., about 1765 or 1766. He erected the first buildings on this farm. He removed from town about 177'i. John Taggart came with his family, about Ma> I. 1752, from Roxbury, Alas-., having bought a framed house that had been built on the Caldwell place, and removed it to his lot in 1751. He is represented in the "History of Dublin" as residing in Peterbor- ough and Sharon till 1797, when be removed to Dublin, where he died November 15, 1832, aged eighty-two j ears. Gustavus Swan began the Samuel Morison place, in the south part of the town, and came to town from ■ about the year 1750, before the birth ol his second child, Robert, in 1752. 11.- went early to New York to make brick, and his lather, "old John Swan." came from Lunenburg .and lived and died on that place. He was the progenitor of all the Swans in this town. Tin' place was sold by his son, Lieutenant John Swan, to Aaron Brown and a Air. Stowell in 1774. Brown lived on it before the Revolution. He was one ..I' I he selectmen in 177d. The same plaee was occupied a few years by Alathew Wallace, and then sold to Samuel Morison in 1789. William Smart came from Lunenburg about 1750. He was the father of Thomas and Charles Stuart. Ho died March 15, 1753, aged fifty-three. He was the first man who died in the town. He was buried in the little cemetery on Meeting-House Hill. William Smith, son of Robert Smith, of Lunen- PETERBOROUGH. 651 burg, settled on the west side of the street road, in the south part of the town, in 1751, or possibly in 1750, as he was married December 31, 1751, and at that lime began lite with his wile on this place. The estate remained in the family till 1873. Samuel Miller (spelled formerly Millow), a race en- tirely distinct from the other race of the same name in this town, though both came fr Londonderry, re- moved to the town iii 17">o, before the birth of his daughter Ann, in 17">4. He settled on the east side of the -Meet road and had twelve children, the first eight of whom were horn in Londonderry. Thomas Cunningham emigrated from the north of Ireland, ami was of Seoteh-lrish descent, lie came to Peterborough probably about 1750. He left a fam- ily of eight children. He died in Peterborough, Sep- tember 23. 1790, aged eighty-four. The name of Cunningham was originally pronounced in Peter- borough, " Kinnacum." Alexander Scott was among the five who made the first attempt at settlement in town in 1739. He, and probably the others, came from Lunenburg or Town-en, I. Little else was done except to purchase the land and make a beginning, lie settled on the west side of the street road, south of the Captain Wilson farm, in 1750 or 1751, and kept a tavern, as it was called in those days. The proprietors of the town met at his house September 26, 1753. He was a relative of William Scott, who came to Peter- borough from Hopkinton. He afterwards lived east of the old cemetery, and about 1760 removed to Dublin. He was the father of Major William Scott. James Iiobbe, supposed to be a son of William and Agnes (Patterson) Iiobbe. settled the Thomas Cald- well place. After 1774 hi- name die- not appear on the town record-, nor is anything known of him after this. He has the births of three children recorded in 1760, '(12. '64. John White came about 1760. His first seven children were born in Lunenburg, — date of the last birth. November 4, L759. Two children were born after his removal to Peterborough ; viz.. Susan (mar- ried David Grimes) and Dr. Jonathan White. Jere- miah Gridley and John Hill deeded to him the lot, on which he settled, of two hundred and sixty-eight acres. May 5, I7x. He settled a lot iii the southwest part of the town, and owned a large tract of land bordering on Jail rev. He bad a large family; was a deacon in the I'rc-byterian Church. Thomas Turner was born in Ireland in 172"), and was accompanied by his parents when he emigrated to America, both of whom died ill town. He came probably in 1751 or 1752. When the proprietors of Peterborough met in town. September, 1753, they granted him fifty acres, or lot 92, adjoining his lot Xo. 29, in consideration of his relinquishing to them lot No. 7, of fifty acres. Deacon Samuel Mitchell came in 1759. lie bought of James and Thomas Archibald the " Mill farm." so called, of sixty-eight acres, on wdiieb had been built some years before, by Jonathan Morison, the first grist-mill in town. William Scott emigrated to America, accompanied by his father's family, in 1736, and first lived in Hop- kinton, and is represented as one of the very first settlers of Peterborough He took up bis lot on the north side of the road, and between Carter and Hunt Comers. He left a large family. He lived and died on this place. William Mitchell, father to Isaac Mitchell, began the .lames Wilson place. Isaac succeeded his father, and next followed James Wilson. Rev. Mr. Harvey, called "old Mr. Harvey," prob- ably began what was afterwards known as the Hunt farm. He was succeeded bj .lames Houston, black- smith. Samuel Stinson was one of the first settlers in town, and probably took up his permanent residence in 174'j, with his family. He settled on the John Little place, north of the Meeting- House Hill. Moor Stinson was surveyor in 1767, and James Stinson in 177::. • I nly notice- of the name on I be tow n record-. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. William Robbe came from Lunenburg in 1739, but probably did little else but prepare for the settlement. He is the progenitor of all the Robbes in town. He was driven away by fear of the Indians, and did not return for a permanent residence with his family till 1749-50. He settled on land west and north of the John Little place, afterwards called the "Mitchell farm." Samuel Todd, son of Colonel Andrew Todd, of Londonderry, began the Todd place, so called. It was the first improvement made in this part of the town. About 17ol or 1752, Samuel Todd and Deacon Samuel Moore came and purchased a lot of land, at a crown an acre, of the proprietors, John Fowle, John Hill and Jeremiah Gridley, for four hundred and thirty-nine acres, comprising lots Nos. 57,58,66, 67, 68, according to a deed dated November 15, 17-">:;. This lot was in the northwest part of the town, ami comprised the Todd and Spring farms. The} held it in common about ten years, hut divided it a short time before Samuel Todd was killed by the falling of a tree. In the division Moore took the westerly part, while Todd improved the easterly. Deacon Samuel Moore came to town in company with Samuel Todd, and purchased land, as related above. Deacon Moon, on account of the Indian war, returned with his family to Londonderry in 1754, and remained there till about 1762 or 1763. He lived on the westerly part of the lot originally pur- chased, — the " Spring place," lougsince abandoned, — on which he built a house. In 177H he exchanged this place with Dr. Marshall Spring, and began the lam where Benjamin and Jonathan Mitchell lived, and died there. John Ferguson came from Lunenburg, Mass. Tradition has it that he came to Peterborough before there were any inhabitants in town, and lived three months in a log cabin. If so, he was among the very earliest pioneers of the town. He purch hundred acres of land This he divided among his children. He probably came to town as soon as it w.i- deemed sab' alter the close of the French war. David Bogle was at one time the owner of farm B, drawn by John Hill, one of the proprietors. He had two Mitis, Thomas ami Joseph, and one young daughter, named Martha. .lames McKean came from Londonderry about 17»i-\ and began the David Blanchard place. Jothain Blanchard. We know nothing of his family or his antecedent.-, or the man, any farther than is recorded in the town records, lie was a selectman in 1777, '78, '79; moderator in 1776,77, '78, '80, '81. He was elected a representative to a convention held in 1783. With all these offices and honors of the town, not the least trace has been dis- covered in relation to him, as to where In- came from, the time he first appealed, or whether he had a family, or what, became of him after 1783, when he disappeared. Major Samuel Gregg came from Londonderry and took up a tract ol land in the north part of Peter- borough, constituting a part of farm C, extending to the Cont :ook River, about three miles north ol the present village; the precise time is not known, but probably before 1760. It is the same farm afterwards ov\ ned by John S. White. His name doc- not appear on the town records till 1768. Lieutenant John Gregg settled on the same lot ( I, on the ea-t side of the » lontoocook, and just south of Major Gregg, where his son, James Gregg, lived. It was deeded to him \>\ bis father, John Gregg, oi Londonderry, I (ctober 8, 1765. He came about \7'<\>. It appears that the whole farm C was deeded to John Gregg by John Hill, of Boston, December 6, 174-'!, as land granted to Samuel Haywaid and others, — " Hast Monadnicks." Hugh Wilson came lo town for a permanent resi- dence in 1752 or 1753. He bought three lots a mile long that made six hundred acres, nearly a mile square, in the north part of the town. This land, in the early settlement, was supposed to be the most desirable in town, but was found by experience to be cold, w,i and unproductive. This was among the first settlements in the north part of the town. William McCoy was an early settler, and made one of the first settlements on the Last Mountain, on the farm afterwards occupied by John Leathers. Lie probably removed here in 1752 or 1753. All his chil- dren were born here; the oldest born July 2, 1753. George BlcClourge was an early settler, and settled somew here near the hill now known as the McClourge Hill. Nothing more is known of him or his family, except the record of the births of six children from August 22, 1752, to January 10, 1760. Thomas McCloud settled in the east part of the town; had a family of eight children, all born in town, beginning with September 2, 1769, and extend- ing to July 29, 1783. Ca] i David Steele came from Londonderry, with family, in 1760, and purchased the farm where he always lived. — the same afterwards occupied by General John Steele. Samuel .Miller purchased certain lots of land in the north part of Peterborough, for his sons, from the thrifl ami earnings of his wife in the manufacture of linen. Joseph Hammill, not far from I77f>, began the farm at Bower's Mill, so-called ; built a saw-mill in 1778, and a grist-mill in 1781, and was the owner of considerable land in the vicinity. Major Robert Wilson removed to Peterborough from West Cambridge, Mass., in 1761 or 1762, soon after his marriage, and bought the farm and suc- ceeded to Alexander Scott in a tavern a few rods south of the Captain Wilson place, on the west aid< of the road. Dr. John Young came to town in 1763, from Wor- cester, Mass., as a physician. He lived and owned I'KTKKBOllOl (ill. land :it Carter's Corner, it being a portion of the Mill lot, lying on the east side of the ( 'onto,, conk. Samuel Brackett came to town from Braintree, Mass., soon alter his marriage, Decembei 17, 1765, and settled on a farm situted on the north border of the Cuningham Pond. He reared a family of thir- teen children. Thomas Little came to town in 170:1 or 1704, from Lunenburg, and settled on a lot of land east of the John Little farm, long since abandoned. Abraham Holmes removed to town from London- derry about 170.">. He settled in the north part of the- town, near the mills. He raised a family of eleven children. Abel Parker was an early settler. He began land on the East Mountain, probably before 1760. Elijah Puffer came from .Norton, Mass., in 1704. He first located himself north of the General David Steele farm, which he exchanged with General Steele for wild land in the northwest part of the town. Peterborough was incorporated January 17, I 760,"to be in continuance for two years only;" it was, how- ever, rechartered in April, 1762, to continue until disallowed by the King. The first town-meeting under the act of 1760 was held March 1, 1760, as follows: ■■;itl the frechohlorsan.l other Inhabitants Being met ..n -■' < J i \ ing to the time appoint,..! in the warrant : the ('luirtei l.,n, ,,;,. m.l the meeting heing npeiicil Juhn F'ai gnssun was chosen tnwn del k ami then the select men uhieh wen* as t'.ill.oveth Hugh Willson thonios aiorisoi] Jonathan morison Gent n Joseph Caldwell & John Swan, Juno, were the Select men that wears Choscn*by vote, itwasaleo vM.il tint Hugh Will. mi 'II,. una- Neuisnn ,V Jonathan nmrieon Cent" John Smith 'I'h.o t'linilighain A .lolin Itohhe, Shon 111 he Surveyrs of ttie high ways this year. William Itohhe Jun r Constable .lames Robbe & Hugh Dunlap tithingmen. Tho" arcbable & John Robbi Hi Reift telle., viewers ami I'riser.s. voted iiial Sam 1 iiiifchel Alexander Robbe A' William Smith he a Committee t.. recken with the ..hi Cot it- tee, voted under the same head that W illiam iie' 3 william Smith and John Itohhe lie a committee to invite ngnlm mmi-teis [.. I'i . .. 1 ilo- year, &c." Town Clerks. —The following is a list of town clerks from the incorporation of the town to the pres- ent time : Iln-.li W il lii.o. .,1, :-j. Tlenna.- Miil'isoll, 17'.o. "•;.-,, 'CO, J..I111 Ferguson, 171:11, '1:1, '02, 0.;, '64, '05, 'GG. Samuel Mitchell, 17. .7. '68, '69, '71, '72, '73. '74, 75, '76, 77, 7-. '79, so Matthew Wallace, 1781. William Smith, 1782. - 1. iiigham, 17S:S, '84, '85, 'SO. Thomas Steele, 17s7, '88, 89, '90, '01, '02, '0::, '94, "... '96, 97, '98, ".' I, 1800, 'ol, '02, '03, '04, '13. John Steele, lsii;., '01,, '07, 08, '09, 'in, '11, '12, '14, '16, '17, '18, '19, '20. Daniel Abbot, 1815. Nathaniel II. 'lines, Jr., 1-21, '22 SI,-].!,,.,, I', Steel.', I 26, '27, '28. Cyrus In-all-. 1829, '30, 31, '32 hull,. Forbush, 183 I '50, '51, '52, 53, '.'.1, . '5S, '.V.I. 'lie 1, '01, Y,2, 1..:, ..I . 5 .,0 M I3 Davis, 1837, '38. A. Blodgett, 1839, I" ■ 1-11 1 ■ 1.:, 11 '45, '46, 17, Kendall ''. Scott, ls07. Daniel W. Gould, L86S Samuel X. 1'. .iter. 1869. 0)1:111,- \. Ames, 1870. Join II. Steele, 1871, '72, 'ill, '74, '75, '76, '77, '78, '79, ■" Selectmen.— The following is a list of the selectmen from the incorporation of the town to the present time : John Ta — art, Jr., 1701, 'OS. James Robbe, 17. .1. Samuel Mitchell, 1762, I William Hit. hie, 1702. William Robbi Jr., 17, ,2. '66, 74, John Gregg, 1762, '63, ''.7. M.itllo « Wallace, 1765, '80, John l'onng, 176 William Miller, 1761 John Wile,,, 1707. Samuel Gregg, 17iiS, '71, 'so, '! Joseph Ham, mil, 1774. Thomas I'avisi.ii, 1774. Robert Morison, 1774. .hones Templeton, 1775, '76, Will 1 .11, Nee, Jr., 177.7, '70, - . ■ . :i ham, 17ns, '76, 81. Thomas Turner, 1768, William Moore, 1769 .lam,- Miller, 1709. James Cuningham, 177.. Charles Stuart, 1775, 81, '84, - :, 10, I'.., 'no, -H7, '98. Aaron Brown, 1776. Ki I- J, 1770, Jot] 1 la. Hi. hat. 1, 1777, '78, Jonathan Wheeloi k. 1779, R.. licit lli.hu. s, ]7sn. II in- Stuart, 17S3, '84. Robert Smith, 1785, '02. Thomas steel,.. 1786, 88, '89, 'in, '112, '0,:, 'il, 95 ''"., '97, 'oo, [800, 'ol. '02, Hi, ol Nathaniel Evans, 1780. 1-1. 1. 1 Taylor, 1786. John Gray, 17s7. Nathan Dix, 1787. 1. .'..1 .'• I ..11, 178s, '89, Jeremiah Smith, 1790, '91. Asa Evans, 17'.'.;, 94, '','0. '96, 'lis, '.Hi, 1800, ol. "02, '03, ' 'I-. '19, 20, 21, '26, 27. '2>, . orgc I'nn. .in. .1. , 1805, '06, ' -1' '4''. I 10 ihn s. ..it, 1810, '11, '12, '14, ' 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, '23, '27, Viiieuiicl Moore, 1819, 2", . Uexandei Robbi 1824 15, .. .1 Tim 5 Fox, 1827, '28, '20, 1 Archelaus Cragin, 1843, '44, '45, '53, '54. Abiel Pi avey, 1843, II. '45. esG Who John H. Steele. [846 .1. SSCOtt, 1-17. !-, ,1', '56, '57, 10.. Isaac Ha, Hey, 1817, IS, '411, '51. Robert full. .1,. 1848, Josiah S. Morison, 1849, '50. Edwin Steele, 1851. William B. Kimball, 1852, 53 Kri Spanl.liiig. Is,"..;, 7. 1, 7.5. , I'd, '55. Hi... I.tian Mclvin, 1855. Thomas Little, 1856, '64, '65. sinm. I I; Mill, 1, 1850, 'no. Asa Davis, 1856, ... 58, 66, I 1 Alhert Frost, 1857, '58, '59. Mortier L Morrison, 1808, '69, " , lharles Barber, 1869, '70, '71. . I, ,hn 1,1 Vkilie. 1870, 71, '72, ' 1: w. Mi tntosh, 1871, 72, '73. John Cragin, 1872, '73, '74. 1 . 1874. '75, '76. w illiam Moore, is7n, '77, '7s, ' Jonathan Smith, 1799, 1800, '1", 'II, '12, '13, 11, 15, l,;, T. X. Hunt, 18-1. -2, 83. 1882, S'., '84. W. s. Hyer, 1883, '84 C. W. Hunter. 1884. bo-i HISTORY OK HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Representatives.— TIic following is a list of the representatives from the incorporation of the town to the present time : Samuel Cuningham, Vpiilu."., 1777., Timothy K. Ames, 1840, '41. to 3d Provincial 1 at Stephen P. Steele, 1841, '42. Exeter. fl illii 'ollane « William Smith, May 17, 1775, to Luke Mill, i is i .. i- 4th I'm vim i.il Cor, Josiah S. Morrison, 1845, '48. eti i. Norton Hunt, IS47. Samuel Moore, Dec. 21, 177.5, to Samuel Adams, 1847, 5th Provincial Congress .it Ex- \ 1' M.., i i-,.|i, [-}-, i.J, , .. : etei Daniel McCleiiniii: Matthew Wallace 1784 1. 3i ..il. 1- 19, 50 Situ 1 Cuningham, 1786. Samuel Miller, 1851, '52 Nathan Dix, 1787. Daniel l: .Ii-n-iiii.ili Smith, 17s-, -■,, .pi-iid„-i :i, 177... two n the. Sims ai 1[.._'-, 1..I- ll-lltliti-t.m, .llllv I!', 1777 ; .lis. Iial;£,"l s, |,l<-lnl<-t J'.th Samuel Huston, alarm, J -• to July 3, 1777, five days; served in Rhode Island, Augusl 28, 1778. Isaac Huston, alarm, June 29 t.. July 3, 1777. five days. William Huston, al al Walpole, 1777 John Kennedy, mustered July, 1776, five months ; town claims,— as pud by town. Solomon Leonard, in army at ( aml'i id-e, 177.".. Samuel I , of twenty-two men furniBhed April. 1777 , alarm at Wal- Tli-illl.t.s l.lttl, . in al mv at I'.iml'iid-n-. 1 -"■ '• . l-i I- 1777 ; di-rlia!--'! S-pt.inl„t Jl.tll. Robert Lakin, engaged Jnlj 7th; discharged Octobel 2 Tim-aliy I....-U.-. .-i 1 1 1 - r I ' plain S It's i -n>p<,,i \" gaged .Int... >. 17-" . di- i. .' _- l 1' ■ mb i . erve S u.d I..'\vi>, ..I. alarm. 1:1 lapialtl A|.\alid-I ll,,l,l>, Jamea Miller, alarm of Lexingl \pnl I'.', 177.", William M.N,.-, al.irui ,.t l.-\ilm \pnl I'. 177 .Inly 1', .I..., i, \1 ,M, , ,.t ill,- I u-iiti-tu., m-ii !,,,,,.-.■ .1 \| i ... suppose i!,!.-,. years. William MrCi.y, ill army at Caiiibrid--. 177. — n-d :ln„l,. 1-1 1 177i.. I,,r livi- itli- til- in., Iltlis : alarm, in com- i-,, m .1 29 I,, .Inly '■'■, 1777, mi M ,-- ■■ husetts ; of the -■ months. 1771 . !■■ - 1 1 t- nths. March 1.".. 1777. uid-r Robbe's company, from from An-iist irlee M.i oy, in September -I li, .Inly I'd, 177', ; -li>, liaij.-d S. pt-in l„-r _!l>: it, .Inlv I''. 1777 di- li ii .-I -. pt,nil„-i a, Rhode Island, ti, ,n, \,.-,,-i 28, 177s . Colonel at Bennington, .inly 19, 17 Willian Jam, - 1 rat,, -a, S-pteinb-l ii ; returned li.-t.ili.-i J -. 1777 : alarm aim ai l,.-\iiml,ni, April 1''. I77a. g, engaged .Inly 7. -Ii-, ii.u -,-d iii-i.,l..-r 21,1780, three .-.-ii days . alarm al Walpole l'age, -t.-i.-.l .inly. 177,,. !■. Bevvi five months; , .lull p,, 1777 di- I..,, . -I >. pt>lul>el !>• ■ li- l.ar-- I li.-t,,l„T Jl, 17SH p i,-, I l,v unlet .-t lln- Cmiinitt,-,- ■ , , Ige, 177", : died there . int.. i .--. 1777. di- I..-. ..- a i '• t,,l„-l ' - . ,-t, nil.. I 19 dis.l.al-.-d N,,i, nil,, -I -7, 17-1 ; nil alarm, ill Bennington, Julj l 1 . 1777 ; discharged September 26 ; Ulall.l, Au-il-l J-. lT7s .a, alarm. Ill I'uplall] Al.-\atld.-r ln.l.l.-'s pany, II ill] J,,,.- . ■ I- Inli :. 1777, tin- day-: Heiuuiist-'li IJ, in in Mil, h, -II. alarm at l.-viii^lnii, April 1'', 177'.: luii-l-i -d Sep- t.-ml.-r 20, 177,.. n,- Hi onths; fbl Bennington, Inly p.. 1777 : dia hargi d Si ptembei :■- John Moore, alarm al Lexington, April 19, 1775. TI omas Morisnn. in army at i ".u.il.i nip.-. 177'- : tniisi, i, d S,.pt,-ml„-r _' '. 177,,, for tii,, months : alarm at Walpole . alarm, Captain Alex lei Robbe's company, Juue 29 to July 3, 1777, five days; i l B ton, July I:,. 1777; .lis, liai-,-,1 s.-ptemi ,-i 26; Saratoga, Septembei 28 to October 25, 1777. Ensign Munro, in army at Cambridge, 177,. served in army, 177, :, one James Mil shell, m army at Cambridge, 1775 ; alarm al Lexington, \pnl 1',. 1775 . It -iiinn-.-l-.il. .lull I i. 1777 : di- liar.-d S.-pl-ml.-r J,, . -,ii alarm, in Captain \l-\..n-i- i Robbe's company, from .Inn- 29 to July .-.. 1777. in, -l.i- l-.u,, Mil. hell, in .linn al ' ambridge, 177 ■ . alarm al Lexington, April 19, 177 , . ..I Hi- tu. -n tin,,. furnished April, 1777 : al; at Walpole rel -I service April J. 17-t s. il Moore, Jr., in army al Cambridge, 177.. alarm at Lexington, April 19,1775; alarm, in company ,,t Captain Uexandei Robbe, limn .linn- -J'l t,> .Inly :;. 1777, til,-, lav. William Mitchell, in aiinyai Cambridge, 1775 ; served in army. 177... one year's Randall McAlister, in armj al Cambridge, 177.".; alarm at Lexington, April l' 1 . 177", ; tin,-,- y ,-.u> ; t,,ii n , lanns ; ol I In- I u.-nti -In •- in-ii furnished April, 1777 ; alarm, in company of Al, van K lln I, aid ... i aptain \l,\ let day- . mustere mill. in i Swan, at 7', 111 army at I am :, . i.. March I-',. 1777. 77- . alalin at \\: al Cam- bridge, 177.. of the twenty-two men furnished Vpril, 1777 ; on town claims , ., three yeai - man. Ephraim St, vens, in army al Cambridge, 177". . .■! the twenty-two men larm at V\ alp«,le . died ill tin >, i \ i . "and, nd--, 1775 ; served in 177 veal James Stinson, in army at ■ ambridge, 177.'.. Thomas Sanders, of the twenty-two i funnsli-,1 \pril, 1777. I i.i lid >■ ..t'. ■•: tin- til, -lily In., in-ii r,nliis|i-,| April. 1777. li,. i ; -j . m. -my in., a, n t, in, ,-l,, d April. 1777 JohnSmith, in army at CainlilldL..-. 177.', . ninst-i-l t.. -■ I Robert Smith, mustered by E. Hale, to serve five tlis ; mustered 777 in, -In- nths. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Janies Smith, in alarm, of C;iptain Alexander RoLLe's c pany, from June 29 to July 3, 1777, five clays. Jeremiah Smith, raised i." Bennington, July 19 ; discharged Septembei 26, 1777. Thomas Smith, in Rhode Islan J, August is, 177- s.iwed from Deceul bei 5, 1 T 7 > . I.. March 15, 1777, three months ; Saratoga, Sept.aiil.ei 28; returned Octobei 25, 1777 R. Swan, mustered by Colonel E.Hale, for five months il n Captain Alexander Robbe's company, from June 29 toJuly .'., 1777, five days ,l,.li ii swan. Saratoga. S.j.t.iul.ei -:- , ret in iiedOcn.l.ci _'.". 1777 : Inarch, on alarm of Captain Alexander Ib.bl.e's company, from June ill to JulJ 7, 1777, five days : , i. n alarm, in Captain Alexander Robbe's company, from June 29 to July '■', 1777, five days ; alarm al VI ilpole 1 aptain I 'avid Steele alai m al Walpnle. fie ana- Sander-.. n, alarm at Walp..le, tr. . lay- Amos Spofford, enlisted bj Majot Scott, August 9, 1780. Samuel Speer, three year- ; town claims. John Stroud, town claims. i alarm at Loxingtun. April l'a, 177.'.. in army at Cam- bridge, 177". ; served fr December ."., 177'.. P. March 1.7,1777 ; em tnyvn rllliin- Hii.ex.ai-. I Hie t\\ ellty-tw. i lie II furnished April, - Treadwell, in army at Cambridge , 17;:. .11. ,1 in i ..ml. i it;.". ; died in Camb) idge, 177.7. I 28, I 77s. ; , ,,f tin- twenty. tw.. iin-ii turuished -land ; In- dad. Mount Independ- , I a,. I, ,11 .mi 1 Octo- • Joseph Taylor, in army al rple, in army a Isaiah Taylor, served in Kl .lohn Tagg.n i April, 1777 served ii i aplain Robert Wil-.ti, alarm al Lexington. April 111, 17' John While, Si . alarm at I., xingtmi. A|.ril 19, 177.". : ah Alexander Robbe' i tpanj . from .inn.' 29 to .ii days. Corporal John White, al S.nat.._a. >.pt> label is. 1777 bei 25 . hho.l.. Island. 1771'. Charles Whit... alarm al Lexington, April l'.l, 1777: in .nam at Cam- L775;served in New York from December ".,177'., t.. March 1.7, 1777 . Rhode I-lalid Iron, Angus! is, 177s. W. White, alarm al Lexington, April 111, 177.7 ; in army at I 'ambridge, 177.7 : served in New! 6, to March 17, 1777 ; Saratoga, Septembei 28 returned Octobei ib, 1777. llavid Whit.-, alaim at Lexingt \pril In, 1775 : ill army bridge, 177". ; served in Rhodi l-lai.d \n_n-t 28, 177- Titus Wilson, of the twenty-twi furnish Ipril 1777 ; alarm Walpnle; a negro , died ai Blount Endepei bi .lames Moor, filial'."! I'.'l.liialy I"', [777 . dl-tui 1 l>.' Firs! New Hampshire Regiment. Lieutenant John Caggart was in Captain [saai Farwell Hunker Hill, and was killed at I iconderoga .Inly 7, 1777. Jonathan Wheelocli, of the twenty-two men furnished Mail 1777 Saia- i. uil.ei isth ; returned October i,7. 1777 ; alarm, in Captain \i., .i.i'i.i K.'i'i mpany.froui Jum J' 1 to inly :;, 1777, five days ; served ill Illu.de Island, April is. 177s. M U tcocl in army at Cainl.t idg-, 1777 : niu-l.red July, 177(1, to sen., five in. .ml,- servi d In Bhodi Island from i» u .lames Wilson, mustered from .Inly, 177',, to serve five months. .lam.'- u int.', lieuniiigton. July In, 1777 p. s. pi, mhei inth ; served in Rhode Island, August is, 177s. l.ii, - \\ lock, engaged from July 7th : dischargi I < '■ tobi , 21, I 7-" llionia- \\ illiains, engaged from July '.' to N.oeud,, i John Wallace, enlisted by Committee of Safety, July li. 1782 .1 lut„ftl,„K wh lunteered on tlu 17<* of June, IT! 5 Bunk* 11,11. Captain William Scott. Lieutenant William Scott, wounded L. ...I, wounded : his name does n. it app.-.n again .lame- Hockley. John Graham, wounded. liavid s, ,.it James Scott, Thomas Scott, David Robbe Randall McAlister, wounded. John Taggart, died al Mi nni Indi pel dem e, 1777 Samuel Mitchell, I'll . David Allatt ; his name .!."■- n..i a pp. . a. Tl,. anas (ireelle, w.aiiided. Joseph Henderson, Richard Gili brist, Kn-ign William Cu.liran, John Swan and Jonathan Hat net t ; these thr. <■ were ..ii duty, but not in battle. Ib\. John Morrison remained in .amp, and excused himself fruin ae. .oinpaliyilig hi- ti a M.1-, alleging thai the Pick ..1 bis gun w a- -. m- l.e il-el. ss ; shortly after he passed over to H..-t.u and joined the Bl iti-b Ml Vli-l.i and l.l.'.u.. u . a <■ -,\ .1 , ! \ wnlinded; Greene, in a . altin.-t expiring shite, w a- saved by his friend Gilchrist, who trans- 1 hi in on his back from Hunker Hill to M. .11,. id In addition to the above, the following names : Wil- liam Scott, father to James Scott, Esq. : Joseph Green, Dudley Taggart (known as Judge Taggart), William Gilchrist, William Blair, William White, Charles White, James McKean. By the above account, one hundred ami forty differ- ent men of Peterborough were called for longer or shorter periods during the Revolutionary War, and, in addition to these, five inure, viz. : ge MiLe.nl, David Allat, Jonathan Harnett, Dudley Taggart, Joseph Greene, who were in the battle of Bunker Hill, whose names do not again appear, making in all one hundred and forty-five different persons from this infant settlement who rendered military service during the war. ' mitteet .■' - 1775, '76, 77. 78, 79, a- lh,:,j appei 1 HP07I lh 1775.— Aaron Brown, Henry Ferguson, Kelso Gray. Alexander Robbe, William McNee. 1776.— William r.olbe, Havi.l Steele, .lotbaiu Ulan. bard, vimicd Mil. I.. ell, Robert Wilson. H cue, Jonathan Wheelock, Robert Gray. 177s.— llavid Steel.-. 'I'll. anas Pavitoll, Matthew Walla. 17711. — lames Templet Samuel Gregg, Jam.- Cm stuart, join, wi, it- War of 1812.— A draft of soldiers borough for three months was ordered in .left use of Portsmouth, and the following officers and men volunteered lor the service, viz.: Colonel John Steele, Se id Lieutenant .la 11 ie- H I. ,1.1. Corporal Alii- d . Jewett, John Gray, John T. Haggot, David Killer, RobertMor- is.m, Hrown Sbattuck, William t'ptoli, St. pie 11 " at c 1 . J.-lin Am- Nathaniel Smith, Ilaniel Kites, ttu-el Nay. Hull Wil»,m, liavid V Hatch, Joseph Washburn, Nathan Wait, Nathan Upton, David Kvans, Andrew Holmes, Samuel Pelt.-, -. r.e.ni l-aac Hadley. The British naval force did not attack Portsmouth, as was apprehended, ami the soldiers were discharged without serving out their time. The following vote was passed in town-meeting April 4, 1815: " Voted, To gee lb.' soldier- th yea. In, dollar- per month in a. and state government " The town did not furnish much aid to this war, except in the unequaled services of General James Miller, one of her sons, whose bravery and military exploits were more than equal to a regiment of men, and have afforded one of the 1. tightest pages in the history of that war. War of the Rebellion.— The following enlisted from this town during the late Rebellion: e, Matthew Tem- ngbar Charles from Peter- LSI 4, forthe PETERBOKOUGH. April 22, 1801.— ii. -urge w. tinr-.aunl::;. Fust Regiment, Company G ; 3 mli- May20,1861 EUuerJ Starkej aged !1 - I Regiment, Company G: 3 years; in - 1 Bull Run battle, severelj wounded thigh and left on tin 5eld ol battle, whore be was taken pri May 15, 1861.— John Reagan, aged 23, Second Regiinent,C pany G; 3 years ; wounded at liist Hull Run Faille, and -ul.se. pieiitly taken prisoner at Glendale, V*a, Maj 20, 1861.- UphaE Vmes,aged 20, nd Regiment, Companj G May24, ixi'.i - -r- .-.-i I. Bolio, aged 28, Si nd Regi at, Companj G 3 years Maj 15, 1861 Daniel w Gould, aged 22, SecondRegi at, Companj . I years; wounded in battle at Willi sburg, and had i \i I...1..- l» ." . ■ ; -■■ ■ii-l II -ine-iil tympany i. Charles 0. I lh-' ■- I -l-F " ml K.-nii.-nt. c pany ti , ; y,-ai- , in -a ,,|id P.ull Lull Lattl'' lie Was Wound- d in 111'- bowels, left ..II the riel.l ami reported afterwards as killed Albert J. Farnsworth, aged 1'.', Sec 1 Regi nt, Com] % '. I fears May24, 1861, \i.i..i \ Forbush, aged 21 ; Second Regiment, Company i . : ; years. i.ilinaii T. tl.mld, aged gl. So. olid Regiment, C pany nli-te.l .laiiu.ny 1, lsr.-l; promoted P. ni-t h.iit.ii- Uonzi . >1. Hi t ■!■! Aged 20, Second Regiment, Com] yG ; 3 years; wound I raburg, .Inly 2, 1m;::. Newman 11. ill aged 29 Second Regiment, C panyG; :: years; died at Washington, December 11. 1862. May 24, 1861.— Nelson Hurd, aged I", Second Regiment, Company G ; :'. years ; r iih-P-.l veteran. May 25, 1861. — John J. Moore, aged 22, Second Regiment, Company G ; May 20, 1861.— James E, Saunders, aged 10, Second Reg int, Com- pany t. ; I', veal-: pioiuotod to si-i gealit iiiajivr September I , ISH3; re-enlisted .lime I, Fsu-l, ami promoted !,. raptaiii. August 6, 1861.— .lames M. Hannaford, aged 28, Sec 1 Regiment, Company G 3 years. September 10, ls'.l Frank h II. .we, aged pi. See 1 Regiment, ' '..lii- panj '. i ire; killed at Fair Oaks, \a .. .inn- 23, 1 S62 July 15, 1861.— Darius Hadlej iged I! rge W Hadley, aged 22; William V ' ■ . I ' u ■ ; I 21 ; :; years; Second New Ham| i Bai . m tered \ as! -, 1862. Aii-iist 1. im'.i,- Hi. hard P.. Kn hai.l-..n, aL.'.i >:>, I'liird Regiment; Company 1 ; 3 years. August 9, 1861. - Charles Jewett, aged 34, Third Regiment, I ompanj I :; years; appointed armorer .lime, lsi;:t; re-enlisted February 1.7, 1865 : I ' . ai : First \.-u Hampshire Cavalry. August 30, 1861.— Frank Matthews, aged 21, Fourth Regiment, Com- pany F , (years ; wounded .it Drury's Bluff. Emery Wyman, aged 18, Fourth Regiment, Company E; 3 years; wounded May 16 ami August in, 1864 Lyman Wyman, aged 22, Fourth Regiment, Company F : \. .1 August 2'.. iKiii.—sie.lman w. Piper, ag.-.I is, Fourth Regiment, Com- pany I ; '■'. years; discharged 1864 : re-enlisted. ileorge WeMing, ag.-.l .'.'., Fourth Regiment, ( .nipauy I in hattle .Inly 24, 1864 \neu=t 27. l-'.l IF-n.v- 1.,, 11I. I an. I ; .,, Fourth Ilegl lit, l' puny I ; 3 years ; .lisrhaiged lor ilisahility -. re-enlisted, substitute tor Al- bert Stevens, September ■_:, l.si,;'., Eighth Regiment, Companj B Vugust 28, 1861 Fuller 1.. Crosby, aged 10. Fourth 1: pany C; 3 years ; ilieil in hospital. Roaut'ort, N 1 , Aueu-t _a,, Isi,,",. September 10, 1861.— George Wyman, a ed !8, Fourth Reg int, Com- panj K , 1. .1 lugust 26, 1861 i-. rmau V Breed, aged 20, Fifth Regine-nt, I'ompany K ; 3 years ; died at Fairfax Court- House, of typhus fever, March 27, 1862. October 12, 1861.— Ancil D. Holt, aged 38, Fifth Regiment, Companj K . discharge.l for disability May 27, 1862. August 2s, 1861.— George M. Spanlding, aged 23, Fifth B pany K ; 3 years ; killed in battle at 1 old B September 2, lsol — .lam-s Nichols, aged 2S. Filth R.-i nt, Company K ; 3 years : wounded in arm at White Oak Swamp ; transferred to Invalid Corps January 1, 1863. November 28, 1801.— Charles Seott, aged .;2, Sixth Regiment ; major, and promoted to lieutenant-colonel ; resigned October Fl, 1862. J ° h "o A ca! ■ iniliuti--. .i-.-i Jt. SlMh UririliK-liI ■■■ ')!■ 1 ■);* .. i |'..r |' mm ■■!!■■ n A [■! : : 1 -■ 1 ■ .*.■; pi !■■■ :. ,| enlisted, and 'I'l- - 1.. M in ,! " ' t>t Ni'W H.iiiii'iiliirt- Cavalry, ( '■•Tn]i.iuv Octobei 1 4, istH. — lohn >. Smith, ap-l J.:. Sixth V» -in. 1, : war* . |»n 'Hint til Ii"" Wutlluleil .it r, ,,,, -l,.| v Hill . r<-.- iii'Mi.I.tl ;ij= tir-t lii-ui sergeant t" adjutant Mi iii expiration ol in- tbri ■ nam in I ■ Octobei 1 and |.|.>iii..t.-.l I., captain :i» ]>'.,">. iiiu>li-iii| ..1 •6 110 longer required. 1861.— Henry C Lak. man iged 1-. Sixth K- 1 :.... [866, j.i nt. Com- pany Octobei '.i trans) i n l-'.l Osg 1 Hadlej I..|in.,],.i ■ 1 3 yea Octobei 7 .- , dis' h;ii ■.<•■!, and i. • .-tit. Company t., Oetohel 1 I, 1-..F-- \\ llhaln 1 1 . \\ alia. -, :ig- d J", Sixth Regiment, Com- pany K : .; year- : di-d at Memphis, 'I'. s. pi. nil.. 1 1... 1-. . Sepl 1 bet ... 186 Lucius H Farwell, aged 24, Sixth Ri pany K . '. year- . .ln-.| .1 .. ■ 11 i- is Inlet, N. 1 29, 1862 l.tetoher I, FsOF -11. any F. R..I..I a-.. I Is, Sixth It. gnu. nt, Cnipany E ; 3 years ; re enlisted I bei 10, 1863, as veteran, I pr ted to .-a 1. lid lielllell.llll I : . 1 1 1 1 . . I \ I, |M..'. Mellllded Julie :',, 1 M A , atld Julj 30, 1864 Octobei 1 I -'-I - Martin While, a.je.l u'l, sixth Regi nt. Company K ; 3 yeans ; wounded Maj li . 1864 ai Spottsylvanis \ ■ wcake I: re-enlisted as veten icembei 21, 1863; had ,. in-i II. toh. S. |,|e lh Regiment, , C pany F. ; October 7. 1861.— David 1 ' ram agi d I ■ Sixth Reg 3 years; kille.l at second Bull Kun hattle, lugust 29, 1862 Septenihei 21. 1861.— Allen T. Perry, aged 20, Sixth Regiment, Com- i .: years ; discharged foi disability. ii- o.i" r 15 1861 .la. : -.a Bi i. . i i .. i: ent,Company I . : -,. ii- . wounded in right arm, Septeinbei 17, ISC'; ,li-. Iiaigeil isi, Xovelnher 1. 1-..1 -.1 ' .'I,. '. - . !. . ■ :-. sixll 10 panj i I j'ears; (charged 1 lisabilil 1 - -. nlish .1 Uigusl II . 1864, in Firsl Sen Hampshin i avalrj Troop i: Novembet 28, 1861.— Timothj K \ si d aged H, Sixth Regiment; -er-. aiil-inajor : pr ted p. tu-t li.-iiten.-nil \ugusl ",. 1m;o ; 1 Full him haul'-, Ugtisl 29, 1862; I y m vei re- Novembci 26, 1861 -Mar-hall K. Ames, aged 20, Sixth Regime it, ' om- pany V. .: -. . . i - : a. i. iglit ami. I.\ whi.-h he In-t the rotatoi i motion of the arm. i i. - [. l trlli i aged years : -.-■ ..a. I lieutenant promoted to first i Hull Rill) hattle, AiieOM 'JO, 1 - II, 1862. November 2, 1SII1 .—.lames K Flak., a-.-.l p .. ^ixth U.-aiu Philemon W. Cross, aged ,7. Sixth Regiment, C pany K ; :: years; died by collision of the steamers " West Pent' ami the' Gi irge Peaiu.lv, mi ihe Potomai , Au-ii-i 13, 1862. Sixth Regiment ; 3 iii.naiii ; wounded in nd died in hospital ,t. . an- (J58 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Sovei r23, 1861.— John M. I>,„1,1, aged 21, sin giment, Cnmpany K; ; yctlh ; serg. ii n t-ijijij. .1 ; promoted tu second lieutenant; died Ma} 1 I, 1864 . enlisted ... veteran. November 7, 1861.— Charles II. Fay, aged 20, Sixth Regie K. ; years; died January I", lsog, at Al.- -.,1 i,.h ia v.... .t ,.i„ „- November 1, ]s.,i._ cii.u 1. - v.,.- :■■■! fur. Usability August 12, 1873. i, 1 it.i - Uiar.1.1.. R..bb,-, aged ..... s, U h u, giment, Com 1861.— Charles C. Silver, aged 22, Sixth Regiment, Com- pany K ; :; \ -mn ; discharged fur .lisubilit} I '-. rail.i 22. l«f. 1 -=« -1 - — Wu.-hlligtnn Swett, aged -J I, SiMh 1; I years; wounded in second Hull Hun battle, and had his unputated. 111. -Henri C. Taggart, jiLi...] :;:,. S1UI1 K.-sii iii.-nt, Company K ; .: years ; kill.-. 1 at „ ml Dull Run buttle. August ■».), lsia ; body not recovered 1861 —Thomas J. V osi . aged 27, Sixth Regimi nt, Com- pany K . 0, 1862 October28, 1-. -i,ti, Regiment. 1' onv B . :; years; sergeant, and promoted to first lieutenant ; slightly wounded at Fredericksburg, \ .1 Oi tobei 26, 1861.- George W « 1-, aged 2 h- . ■ !•■.,, i-aldlity : returned home and died of consumption. Decembet 1, 1861.— Men nil,. i;,,»er.~, ng,.d:;l, siuh Reg in 1, 1 pain wounded Septembe) 17, 1862, .1 Intietam, in the side and thigh .. ■.,,. ;s... ; December 11, I -el laitle-i Mail., , . ;, = ..,1 _■ I Siuh Regiment, Culiipam '■■■!-•> I'lei :. . 1: 111, ipain k charged for disability Man It 2 December M, 1861 Wallai 1 Bi ott, aged 21, Sixth Regimi at, C ianj K . .', years ; druni-iua jm .laiiuury 1, 1st'.-!. Uctobei 1, 1861. -Josiah P Smith, aged Jl. Ki-htb Ki-iio nt, C pany It; : years; Killed in the battle at P .rl 11 .- I .hue- 14. 1863. 1861.— Jonathan L. Powers aged M Eighth Regiment, 'i any D . died in 1 lamp Parapet, L11 . Oi tobi r 20, 1862. August 15, IS'.: .1 ,.. ih !.'. ■ .,,1 ,. .i tenth Regiment, loinpany K ; 3 years ; wounded ..t Drury't Bluff, M Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864 August 9, 1862. Nathan D -1 Ilej aged 19, Thirteenth Regiment, ' ompany G j 3 years ; captain promoted t j slightly woundedal the siege of Suffolk. Gustavus \ Forbush, aged 10, Thirteenth lb g .,., Companj G 3 years; first lieutenant , | ....i ! tain naj i, 1863 ; killed in storming Kurt Harrison, September 2'.i, isr.4. September 12, 1862.— Person C. Chenej aged 34, Thirl enth Regiment, "lilt ,,f Mekn.'SS \llgll-t 6, 1863. August 30, 1862 11. ..He, i, m sou, aged 26, Thirteenth Eegi it, ' ' .;., : ,,.,. 1 ..,.,, it pi, .muted tu .pialtel master August I-', 1863. August 12, 1862.— Henrj B. Wheeler, aged 28, Thirteenth Reg nt, ' "lupaiiv . >l." I". 18114 . Wounded ... Knit Hani.,... 1 Suptetnliei 2'.i. ls.14. Augusl 1 :, 1862 -Olivet 11 Brown, aged 14, Hun. enth R. ...... m. Company G Augusl 12, 1862 -Ira \ ■ , .1, pany G ; 3 years . ac. identally wounded ... Cold Harbor, \ .. John Bolio, aged jl, "Khit 1." in 1, Hegiu.eut.rvmpanj I Vugust 15, 1862 John Gafney, aged 18, Tenth Reg t, 1 .2 -K'lwar.l lla-k.ns. aged .12, Tenth Regiment Company, F ; 3 years. August 13, 1862.— John Kelly, aged .'1, Tenth Regiment, Cum pain K. wounded al 1 .Id Harbor, rum 3, 1864 August 12, 1862,— 1 Centh Regiment, 1 ompanj 1 « led ..1 Cold II bush, aged 21 Thirteenth Regi nt, C pan] G ...... proinuted fruni corperal ... sergeant August 13, 1862 -Albert M. Smith, aged 25, Thirteenth Regiment, Cum pany 11 ; pruinuted fn.i p..i al to sere, I ". I* -1. ■' ,_...'" Il.ii r.eiitb Itegiment, ■ . '.... .1. . ...I . i ' ■ .■-.ii.i'uv Ma. jl . I.si,:;. '' 1 1 bail.. \ \, ,,.•-, aged 2 1, rhirteenth Regiment, lump. in. G : :i years ; .piaite. ma .1 . . 3 sergeant ; served as clerk till promoted Augusl IS, 1862.— Charles W. Bailey, aged 20, Thirteei '. : 3 years; ruptured at Fredericksburg, Vu. ; transferred to Veteran Resen rps. August 12, 1862.— John A. Bullar.l, aged 38, Thirteenth Regiment, panj G 3 years; detailed as hospital nurse and clerk most of .11 ufeuiisttiie.it. lugusl 13,1862.- Rodnej M. Brackett, aged 25, Thirteenth Regiment, 1.- 1 " ...I i... disability , died at Peter- Joseph 1 Crosby, aged 22, Thirteenth Reg -nt. Cm; . L I '" storming Fort Harrison, Septemb. August 1-'. 1862 - « . lark, ... 1 18, Thirteenth Regiment, Com- ...' '• . ". tnded li htly, I ... 11 irriaon, Septembe) 'J'.., 1864. Jacob I ttamberlain, aged ... I hiit.enlh Regiment, Company G ; 3 yeans; wounded at Kredericksburg, \ a . and died Nevelnhcr 4, 1S63, of iugusl 18, 1862 - Harrison I.. .,.,- .._..! 26, Thirteenth Regiment, Com- P*nj ... 1 j 1 .1-1... B . i.ai, and ston keepei August I."., 18112.— Kugene (, I '„,, 1 1 ,_,.! ju, Thirteenth Regiment, Coinpanj G ; 3 years; died at Hampton, June u, 1864. !.— Rufue 1; Frair, aged 18, Thirteenth Regiment, Com- pany G ; 3 years. August '.1, 1802— Henry N. Krair, aged 28, Thirteenth Re I years; killed in battle neat Petersburg, Va ., June 15, 18.14. 62 -Edmund S Greenwood, aged 42, Thirteenth Regiment, Company G ; I years . transferred to Vi t. ran Reserv. 1 orps Augusl 13, 186 ' Id, aged 20, Thirteenth Itegiment, Companj G S.uguel 12, 1862.— John J. It. K. Hardy, aged 30, Thirteenth Regiment, C p.. a. ... I years Herbert Lee, aged 20, Thin, enth Regiment, Company '- ' 1 "i diphtheria lugnsl 31, 1863. Augusl 1. I--.. 1.,:,.. 1 , lge d 11, Thirteenth Regiment, Com- l ".I '• 3 years; died of small-pox at City Point, Va. Aogii-t 12. 1.M12.— Ilenn K Me. leulillig. a^ed 20, Thtrtcc.,. rG; .; Robert M McGilvray, aged 18, Thirteenth Regiment, years ; Wuuiided thrnugli 1.. . .2, Thirteenth Regiment, 1862 - Daniel ' . .ao].:n,, ' , . ... .,1 August 13, 1862— Cortes s Osborne, aged 18, Thirteenth Regiment. Company G . I yean : died ... Hampton, Va . Octobet 31, 1864 August 7, 1862.— Andrew J. Robbins, aged 26, Thirteenth Regiment, ' ...... any G; I eat Augusl 13 1-.2 -.lulu, 1: Stevens, aged 30, Thirteenth Regiment, Company G '" nut 15 1862.- Sat 1 Jl \\ Is, aged 31, Thirteenth Eegiment, 1 urn ..." G; 3 yeat . transferred to 1 nited States navy April 28, 1864. Augusl 12, 1862.— Mark \ Wilder, aged 19, Thirteenth Itegiment, luinpau. 1, , ; year,: discharge.! b.r d.-abilit, .Tan. in William 11. 11. Wilier, aged 22. Tl -ml, Regiment, ...ny G , 3 ... ,. 11.-.I a, ipialtennasb 1 - . I, , I, 11, tuber 2 ;. ls.,2. — Francis S. Piper, aged Hi, Sixteenth Reg nt. 1..10 pany I ; died. ' . I aged 24, First Company, " 1-. 1 "iiipnin K : .", y -. dm I,ai-ed Iiec-mber I'.i, I S..2 ; drafted Septelnbel 2. ISll.:. | nil | tee lit 1, Uegniielit. CuinpatiJ li. ■ I "'"' 1 " i. i-'.2 -.1. rii n Mel'i. it.e, a_..i 11 c I ' pany.New Hampshire Cavalry ; I yeai \u-il-l ' ■ I-' 2. -.1.- |.b I ...I Regiment, I p.,|,y It : Edward Bolio, a_"l Is, See I Regiment. Cmpaiu ., ; uvears; died ■lull' 16, l-'«. "I a .me i in lie thigh, at Cold Hurl. . '■ being ... V ' , ag"! ". Sen nth Regiment, Company -' i Brackett. PETERBOROUGH. Patrick Glancey, arret -1, Eighth KeiTi ut, i' [urn II i- i Bubstitute foi Hiram Mel 'oy. Samuel Wigs'"*. '-'' I -'"■ Ki-litlj Regiment, Companj i I (rears; Substitute fi'l I'. M '-1. I I.ihiiii^ . tram-ten. d (u navy .lime lh, 1864. James Smith, aged 20, Eighth Regiment, C panj K; in be Ii.n.i-. id ; transferred to nai ) .1. ) 1 - Eighth Regiment, 1' pany K , 3 21, Firrhrh llc-i nl, 1 1'ii'iv I ; 3 years ; Fi-hlh l: -mi. 11I 1 ..tujuiiiv l» . sul.-tiliite f..r -.1 I-. I.i-lilli I!, -mi. nl ; substitute Imi II. -iiiy tged J", Eighth Regimi nt, 1 ompanj K . substitute for I. .1.1 BFox,agedl9, Fourth Regiment, Company A; betil 1 11 Rodney M. Wilder. .— .Ii.lm I'. Marsh, aged 21, Beavy Artillery, Company \ ii.ii-' foi ' for -I - ■ I j ■ ■ D. Holmes. September 1 •. 1-' I — IF. Fifth Regime 11. Fifth Regin ifantry, < omp . d Thomas Worth, as. D. Lovejoy. Alexander McLen M. Breed. Patri k Carni y, >{ 1 i.i .1- 1 29, !-■ ■ December '21, Fsil3 —Charles I' Fi.-n.h, .i-.'l 111. Tim Lentil Regiment, Company F ; .; y.-i.l> , dialled S.-{.r .-i 1 1 1 .. ■■ December 22, 1863. Frank S. Bitter, aged 16, Ninth Reg 1. Com pany G ; three years ; musician ; a lure. I recruit. December 24, 1M'.3. Italian! I .11 1 . ;med 22, Ninth h'-: iiiient. I '...miianj D; 3 years; a prisoner "I war; no discbarge furnished; a hired Jolm Smith, aired I'.i, Tliii teeiith Retriment. Company]' . :: years; a December.:';, 1st.:;- I 1 ui\ Tli 11: -t. 11. am. I Is. Nnilli ]:. - nt. c - Thomas Rigley, aged 22, Ninth Regiment, Company C; 3 years; wounded Januarj IT, 1854; a hired recruit. John Watters, aged 22, Ninth Regiment, Company E; II years. Daniel W. Ken !v. aged 19, Ninth Regiment, Companj I 3 years William RuBsell, aged 32, Ninth Regiment, Com] j I I years; s hired recruil : absent from Bii Un.ss; transferred t.i Sixth Regiment, Company F. December 28, 1863 Pctei Fin-, age 18, Ninth Regiment, Companj ■ .1 Im.-.l recruit; transferred in Sixth l:.- nt, 1..111- William A, Walker, aged is. Ninth Hegimeiit, 1 iniiium 1 , 1.-.1-, wounded May 12, 1864 ; transferred to Sixth Regiment, Company nt, Companj D; lyeare dii d in, Companj G , 3 years , trans- '■ : 1 1 1 recruit. t, 1 lompanj G ; 3 years ; trans- iiy IF .inn.- 1, 1865 : a hired re- t ; probably a hired recruit. it, C [.any G; 3 years ; trims G; a hired recruil aged 33, Sixth Regiment, Com- I'.iin. k Mullen, representative . i-.| Georg I war , representative ret Willi Simpson, Fourier nth Benjamin \ M odi y, n pn sei AuguBt 9, 18G4. ' ■■■ 1 -■ w •' I....-I lyeare . pr t. August 19, 1861 -Charles E. Lakenian, Thirteenth Regin di.-.l Mil. h In. ISO... August 9, 1864 — I'.i 1 M. White, aged 21, Firs! New Hampshire Cav- alry, Tr ii..i. 1. ; .;\eius, [ al tu second lieutenant. August ]o. ls.,4— Willi- F, Allies, Fust New II p-hice Cavalry, Tr.s.ii itirteenth Regiment Infantry; s Hunt In: in; \ . 1 year . representa- .111 for Albert Smith ■n-i New Hampshire Cavalry, , C pany .h.hll S, Mil. Cavalry, Troop G , quarter- Hampshire Heavy Robert Warner, age Samuel VI 1- igt d fe I I- sixth I December 31, 1863.- . F11 -1 N.ii 1 arnlaml 1 uralrr . T | I , . a]. tin. si i , August 17. 1864 : probably a hired recruit, William Culberson, aseil 22, Sixth Reeiiuetit, I 'miiiianv I : v.n- hired recruit. January 1. 1861 —George Wallace, aged 28, First New Hampshire Ca' airy, 'I' p D ; a I I reel ml Augusl 5, 1864. -William I.., ttis. Fourteenth Regiment, New Hamp- shire Infantry, Company l: ; : e-m- -nl-' 11 in. i,.i F.lwm A Towne. Aii-iist c, 1864.— John Hiffsina, Fifth Regiment New Hampshire In- fantry, Company A ; substitute for George F. Livingston. August in, 1864.— Don Negretta, aged 40, First New Hampshire Cavalry, TroopG; 3 years; substitute foi ' liariesJ Smith Au-11-t .'.. ! set - .lain.- 1 inn. 1, I .a,it. . Ml, lb-uncut Infantry, Corn- pany C ; 3 yoai- : -iil.slitulc t..r Albeit 1 . Frust. Augusl 6, 1864.— William Mahoney. Fifth K.-i nt Infantry, Com- pany I ; substitute bit Horace F. Whim-more. August 12, 1864.— James Bennett, Fifth Regimenl Infantry, Company B; substitute for George Bruce. Hardj a ed 42, first New Hampsh 1, aged 24, Fust New Hampshi Cav- alry, 'I |i''. 3 nals; c.l|,tl I \ . i r el, 1 1 .■ 1 1 .', ISItl, 111 Cedar i .'. k , Ion d in I ill r I'i i -hi, Kicbii.iiiid, and Sal : endured great sufl gs in tie- above pi isons. March 10, 1864 -sub Dunn, aged -27. Fu-t New Halii|i-hu. Far, In T pi' lyeare All.n I;. II I. aged JJ. First New ii I'n. c.r, in Troop B ; 3 lien.l. F W hit ih. First \crr IIaiil|i-hii c Cuali r, 'I' ; i \iiil.i l l i'i"n, aged 18, Firsl Now Hampshire I avalry, Troop B; 3 X'.'i '.'I'I' I .lune 20, ISO! , ilieil al \ii.l. r-..nr III' r ii i.i I'i ti r 7, lsr,+ Mai. I, 23, 1864. -William II II. I'ritchar.l, lined 2:!, First New Hamp- shire I avalry, 'Fi. mi- a ; 3 rem- . wounded mi pi. ket Julj is, 1864. Hen Field, aged 40, First New Hampshire Cavalry, Troop \ 3 years. M ,i. i, j ; ,:-i i -.1 1 i, F Farmer.aged _"J, First New Hampshire Cav- March 31, 1864 William \ Huntress, aged 36, First New Hampshire i i.vahv. 'Fiihiji F ; 3 years; w.niti.le.l in ley ; transferred t.. Veteran Reserve C irps April 17. 1865. alan h In, Isi'l-Ceni-e F. Whitman, used 20. First New Hampshire Cavalry, Troop B;3 years; captured, ami died at Indersonville I, .bin .or i:>, I-.'. - < 'ii.ni. - .leweit, ma is, In-t New Hampshire Heavy Artillery, K; 1 " at March 10, 1865 —George D Mar , I'm N.u II i .- 1 n i . Heavy \ nil hi v. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. B i -Charles S. G airy, Troop I. ; I yeai Ue.-rffe I!- Tildrll, ag.-t l'J. First X.-w Hallipxll agc-d 4M, Fir-t Xew Hampshire Cav- y, Troop L ; 1 George N. Bailey, Firsl N.-w Hampshire Cavalry, Troop K ; 1 year. February 25, 1865.— Wells E Fork, Firsl \.-« Ilanip>liii . II. my Anil lery, M ; I (real February 14, 1865.— John C. Richardson, Eighth New Hampshire Ic fantry, Company A ; I year. w II. II. Greenw I, FSrsl Se\t Hampshiri Hear] artillery, M; H. 1863.— John : ril.l-i l;,.s - I .. .y . I y ,u Soldiers' Monument.'— The soldiers' monument erected in Putnam Grove, Peterborough, consists of a bronze statue of a soldier, six feet seven inches high, standing in full dress, at rest upon his arms, upon a granite pedestal sown feet in height. The statue was designed by .Martin Milmore, Esq., of Boston, and casl bj the Ann's Manufacturing Company, at Chico- pee, Mass. The pedestal is of the Concord granite, anil was designed at Ohicopee, ami wrought by D. ( '. Hutchinson, of Manchester. The statue and pedestal are so well proportioned that the artistic effect of the whole is very pleasant and admirable. Upon the face of the granite pedestal, in front, is inserted a bronze inemori.il tablet, hearing the following in- scription : "Till; WAR ol' THE REBELLION. rapt, Gu-tavus A. Fiirlmsli, Kith X. II. lti-j;l. Lieut. Timothy K. A s,6thN. II Regt Lieut. Charles L. Fulli r, 6th Nil i: Lieut. John M. Dodtl, 6th X. II. Regl Charles 0.1 ollister,2dN. H. Regt. NewmanHall, 2d X. II Regl Edward Bolio, 2d N H R. Frank E. Howe, 2d N. II. Regl il ling, nil N. ii. Regl Luther G. Crosby, 4th S H B German X. Breed, 5th \. II. Regt George X. Spanlding, 6th X. II. Regt. !!;•■ W H.i,ll,-y. nth N II II. ul. William II. Wallace, 6th V II l:. Lucius H. FarwelL6th N. II Regt, Cyrus Henry Farnum, S Ii Regl Christopher SI. Wheel ii Regl Dai id \ Cram, 6th X. H. Regt. lifted Perry, (ith X. II. Regt. Philemon W. Cross,6th \ II Regt, Charles II Fay, 6th N I! Regt, ll,-i,' - ' Taggart,6th N II !:- gt. Tl las J. Voee, 6th N. II. Regt. B 1, 6th N. II. Regt. JonathanL Powers, 8th X II Regt. Rodnej M Brackett, 13th X. H. Regt. Joseph A. Crosby, i:»h X. H. Regt. b I ii. .ei lain, 13th X. II. R, .1 Charles E. Lakeman, I Ith V II i:, gt. Eugene G. Farwell, 1 Ith X. II. Regl 1 | i n, ,,,ir, ! llh X. II. Regt, Henry II. Frail, 13th X. H. Regt. Herbert Lee, 13th X. II. Regt. John Leathers, 13th X II. Regt. Cortes - Osborni , 1 Ith V II. Regt. Francis S Piper, 16th N II. Ri gt James L. Boyce, 16th X. H. Regt. Ainl.1,,-1- I I jii.,11, 1st V Hi av- Henry Moore, 11th (II Joseph Clark, M Mass. Regt. GeorgeM. Clark. 5th Conn. Regl .luhu P. Cram, 15th Conn. Vol. !>i,,« u.,,1. In -u.I.i.il' ,,l -i, .mi, i ,,i, I'.,t,iii,a, llh Sophia, u ifeol Lieut -Col. CharlesSi ott. Kati.-, Wife nf Capr .luhu A. Cuiiiiniii^s.* CHAPTER III. PETERBOROUGH— ( Continue, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. The I iiii.iii.u, Church— Unioi pal Church— Baptist Church- Unitarian Church.— It is not known when the first church iii this town was incorporated, but the first house of worship was erected in 1752. In 1761 sixty- eight pounds were voted to repair the house and to purchase the land on which it was located. The town " Voted, To protect meeting-house from falling trees and tire, each surveyor, with all his gang, should work one day to clear about the meeting-house, and clear the graveyard and fence it." " Voted, To enlarge old meeting-house by an addition eighteen feet long on smith side, and as wide as the old house is long, and join roof of addition to that of old house." In 1763, " Voted to lay a Moor and build plank seats, and glaze windows in meeting-house." " Voted, To de- mand of Alexander Scott the ' neals ' given by the proprietors." The old house is not again mentioned, except in the following vote of 1774, viz. : " Voted, To build a new meeting-house upon the ten acres of common land, where the old one stands and some dis- tance west from said house." ("hose William Smith, William Robbe and II. m\ Ferguson a committee to carry the same into effect. " Voted also one hundred pounds toward the same, and that it should he framed, hoarded, elapboarded, shingled and glazed by the committee one year from the date, which will he in 1776." The house was not raised till 1777, and re- mained in an unfinished state a number of years. In 177'J (says Mr. Smith) we learn that the town released Mr. Comings with regard to the obligation to build the meeting-house, and allowed him certain sums tin his labor, and at the same time voted to finish the new meeting-house and lay the under floor anil have window- ti.r the lower story. The house remained 1111- finished till 17*4, when a committee- was chosen to let out the building of the pews and the finishing of the meeting-house, and in 1785 there was action of the town in relation to the galleries, and after this there was no more legislation, only votes to move the meet- ing-house to a more convenient place, in 1795; and if the town cannot agree, the subject to be submitted tn a committee from out of town: in 1797, also to move meeting-house, if they can agree upon a place to set it; in 1798 it was " Voted to set the meeting- house a little to the east of the house that Thomas 11, Blood (Dr. Blood) now lives in (Carter's Corner), when built or moved." In 1812 it was voted to make a thorough repair of tin- meeting-house, and one hun- dred dollars was voted for the same in 1813. In same year, April 6th, " Voted, That the town be at one-half "I th,- e\pense of pun basing a stove, on condition that the other half of expense is done by subscription, PETERBOROUGH. 061 said stove to be the property of the town and to be kept iii the meeting-house." In 1816 it was voted not to repair meeting-house, so no repairs wen- made on the house, nor, indeed, did a stove ever gel within its walls. An effort was made to fix upon a location for a new meeting-house in 1816, and a committee from out of town was selected: viz., Nahum Parker, of Fitz- william, Samuel Bachelder, of New Ipswich, and Benjamin Pierce, of Hillsborough. It was not till 1819 that this committee was called on to act. The town chose David Steele, Jonathan Faxon. Thomas Steele, Nathaniel Holmes, Jonathan Smith, James Cuning- ham, Robert Swan. Hugh Miller, David Carter and Adam Penniman to wait on committee of location and see that all necessary admeasurements be made, and all necessary information be furnished, and no- tify them to come as soon as convenient. This committee was assembled in June. As pre- paratory to their decision, the distances were accu- rately measured from every dwelling in town to a central point, with the number of each household: thoseinthe southeasl to Bunt's Corner, those in the southwest to Carter's Corner, those in the west and northwest to Smith's Bridge, those in the northeast to John Little's Comer, the same being laid down on a plan, now in g 1 preservation, bj Caleb Searle, June 19, 1819. This committee, after a careful examination, fixed the place of location for the new meeting-house north of the house of .lames Wilson, on the west side of the street road, about midway between the house aforesaid and the old cemetery. The decision did not prove satisfactory to anybody. At a town- meeting, September 13, 1819, Samuel Smith, modera- tor, "Voted, not to accept the report of the locating committee." "Voted, not to repair the meeting- house." The old house continued to be used for some years only during the summer season, the meet- ings being held in school-houses in winter till 1825, when it was finally abandoned. In 1829 we find the following vote, " Voted, to sell the old meeting-house forthwith." Sold to William Scott for seventy-live dollars and twenty-five cents. Rev. John Morrison, of a race entirely distinct from the Morisons of the town, was the fust settled minister. Mr. Morrison was offered sixty pounds sterling and one -hundred acres id' land, or one hun- dred dollars in money, if he accepted the call. The land was given by the proprietors. J lis yearly salary was tbrty-iive pounds in our currency, and an increase when the number shall increase to one hundred fami- lies. Then to be fifty pounds a year. It was voted that his settlement be assessed forthwith. Mr. Mor- rison complied with the offer, and was ordained November 26, 1766, no account of the ordination having come down to us. It was an unfortunate ministry for the town, and great uneasiness ami dis- satisfaction were soon manifested bv some of the best men of the church. It appears that a petition was made to the Provincial Legislature, dated November 27, 1771. praying to be released from the support of Mr. Morrison, and was signed by the following per- sons, viz. : ■'■'"" exan ,ii; ... iseph lllllllll.il. Slllllll. 1 Cuningham, in. i.i ■, Jr., Mm Vilson, I'.'.ni. 1 Hooi John Mil. hell i Ull 11, » 22 !o Dei 11, 1 71. l:,l. ii. mi- ..I the i..v 11 of Petorbor . the Rei .1 John Morris.. 11 wns III ., -II I .•t'.u.. l'r;i,viiiL' tin. Iritei-positi.iii ..| tli.-ir "l.lig.itii.i. In support him," i.r . II. ... in- .ir.lcrr.l l.y Hi.- li. ....<•. /'..,.... The vote for a hearing in the Council was recon- sidered, and December is, 1771. it was ordered that the petition be dismissed. And in the House of Rep- resentatives, December 20, 1771. the above vote 1 the Council being considered, it was proposed that the petition should be dismiss.-, 1 ; accordingly, the ques- tion being put, it passed in the affirmative. (Provin- cial Records.) Mr. Morrison relinquished his connection with the society in March, 1772. During his ministry his con- duct became so scandalous that at a Presbyterial meet- ing held tit this time he was for a time suspended from his office. He is represented as possessing more than ordinary talent. He was i„it twenty-three years of age when he commenced his ministry. The town was without a minister till 177S, the pul- pit being supplied by the town authorities with such men as could then be procured, preaching, neverthe- less, being pretty constantly maintained. Tin- early settlers had great faith in a regular maintenence of the preached gospel. Rev. David Annan was called in 177*. having been ordained at Walkill. N. .(.. October. 177*. with Peter- borough lor his destination. He was brother of Rev. Robert Annan, a man of superior talents, who was ful- some time a pastor of the Federal Street Church, in Boston. Mr. Annan came to America when young. He received his education at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, X. J., where tin- degr f A.M. was con- ferred on him in 1782. The pastoral connection of Mr. Annan with the societj in Peterborough continue. 1 fourteen 5 ears, until it was dissolved, at his request, in 1792, by the Presbytery of Londonderry. In a complaint against Mr. Annan by Elder Samuel Moore to the Pres- bytery of Londonderry, to be holden at Peterborough August 30, 1788, drawn up in the handwriting of Judge Jeremiah Smith, whether ever acted on we have no means of knowing, it charges first, — " That the Rev. Mr. Annan, as appears from his private con- versation, as well as his public performances, has C(i2 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. neglected the study of useful knowledge, the reading of good books, ami especially of the Holy Scriptures, and hath not given himself to study, but has fre- quently, as he himself confesses, gone into the pulpit without any preparation, and thus hath served the Lord with that which cost him nothing, and hath not by hi- discourses edified or improved the Hock com- mitted to his care." That Mr. Annan's " conversation and beha, ior and manners have Keen of a kind differ- ent from those recommended by the apostle and essential to the character of a gospel minister, who is an example to the Hock. — his conversation not sea- soned with salt, but generally upon trifling subjects; his behavior not being sober, 1ml light and vain ; and his conduct and manners irreverent, sometimes inde- cent and unbecoming the character of a gospel min- ister." "That he has attempted to extort from the town two fifty-acre lots of land, which he knew were never designed for him, and were no part oi the eon- tract the town made with him ; and to accomplish his purposes respecting this land, he has not scrupled, in several instances, to deviate from the truth." The complaint then charges him with being intoxicated on several specified occasions, viz. : at an entertain- ment at the house of William Smith, Esq., about the 1st day of September, 1784, he became intoxicated with spirituous liquors ; also the 1st day of February, 1785, at the marriage of Elizabeth Smith, he was in- toxicated with liquor, and behaved very unbecomingly. Several other instances are mentioned of his being intoxicated, and reference is made to the names of the witnesses to substantiate the charges. The complaint ends thus, — " Your eumplainant might have swelled th.' .'iitalu^iir with Mr. An- nan's faults as a minister, as a lllall and a Christian 1" : but if 1»' should 1»- al.tr tu justify tin' Presbytery that tin's.' win. h b.-ivn 1 n .' i.e. .1 n ■ tin.,, 1 1, i- |.. i-uatle.l that they will think it need- les- t.. a.lilu. .■ any In. He p|....f- t.. slinw thai tin- | pi complin mini, ha\. pist ran-, i. ... in plain ; and that .Mr. Annan's la burs in Pet.il i-.li air witl t pletit to the ] pi.', an. I that bis conduct has been irregular, and mi ... mm bis sti is a minister of tin' gos- pel and a membei ol jroui rev d Presbytery, and that you will pro- . .1 n. milt, i n. h . i,-iir.- ..n ] ii in as tin- nature of tin- offences merit, and as v w .-I. in mall .in.'. I There was a prejudice against written sermons in the early settlement, as indicated by a vote in town-meet- ing April 3, 17C4. — •■ Voted, that the Rev. Mr. Mor- row , hiielv come from 1 reland, and is shortly to return, should be our commissioner, ami be invested with full power and authority to send to us a faithful min- ister of the gospel, a Calvinist of the Presbyterian Constitution, a /irnir/irr of the word, and not a " Watts' Hymns" were introduced by a vote of the town at a meeting April 10, 17H2. The following vote was passed. " Voted, That Dr. Watts' version of l'salms be used in tin- congregation of l'eti t b..t .ni-.lt for the future ; " also, " Voted, To choose a committee to procure seats in the breast and front of the gallerj , decent and comfortable, to accommodate a sufficient number ..('singers to carry on the singing in as good order as the circumstances of the congregation will admit of;" also," Voted, Thai Robert Smith. John Moore and Thomas Steele be said committee to buy or hire said seats or pews as they shall think best : " also, " Voted, That Jonathan Smith, John i iray.t diver Felt and Samuel Smith arc to set the tune, and to in- vite such persons to assist them as they think proper." The town continued without a pastor until 1799, obtaining such supplies of preaching as offered, and gular call to two different individuals. The first was to Rev. Abram Moore, a graduate of Dart- mouth College, 1789. September 25, 1795, a call was extended to him, and was signed by fifty-eight of the leading men in town, his salary voted, and Samuel Smith authorized to prepare a call, and present ii in him or to the Presbytery to which he properly be- longs. Nothing more is beard of this matter, whether he accepted or declined, or what broke oil' the ex- pe, ted engagement ; and, with the exception of Mr. Elihu Thayer, no one in town ever heard that such a man existed. The following tire the names of those who signed the call to Rev. Abram M -e, September 21, L795, viz.: vi - . ._! sainni'l Mm!:.]!. David Steele, Samuel Gregg, John Morison, Joseph Hammil, William AIM, William Mulliken, Benja- min Mitchell, John Todd, Peter Thayer, John Gray, Robert Smith, Jam... Mill, i Nathaniel II. .lines. Robert Swan, .h.iiathan smith, Samuel Alld, si 1 \l ,, .lam.- Richej VI. ii. r Baggctt, John White, Rich- ard I in. I'. Ji bn Waugl St n Mi N -, I'". .11 i ■- . Daiid Steele, ,h , vi. .11. .a. vv 'iii. 111, ii. ...... Ii . .1.1 egf Randall McAlister, Christophei Thayci Williai M . vi.,;.i ... j, ,,,p!et,,n. Henry Crane. luibert Its !■ . - ; ..:'. i, .1 l.i l!..n William Nay, Vbraham Holmes, II. mi l.l-ii II. in. in H\. in-, Samuel Smith, NathalH.il VI -, Wil- liam Smith, .hihii steel.-, liarth. .I.nneii Thayer, lluedi Miller, Samuel Mill i .Ii William White, Richard Hovey, Elihu Penniman, Kelso ..... ii.. I,.., Steel Rev. Elijah Dunbar was settled as pastor October i.:. 1799, and remained until June 27, 1S27. The church edifice was repaired and rededicated Feb- ruary 22, 1826. July 4, 1826, the "Congregational Society iii Peterborough " was formed, and the first meeting held January 27, 1827, with General John Steele moderator. The following is a list of pastors from this time to the present : Revs vi.i.-i vi.L.,1. D I' ..inn" JT, 1-::, i" September 9, is4s ; Charles It. .hu, -"ii. I' 111I..1 1. 1851, t.. .Inly I, ls;,n ; C. IV Ferry. .Tune 13, ISO". to Dece i I, 1869 I-. Porter, luneS 1870, to V.ugust 1, lsT'J : vi. lain, a, vv Jackson, January J. 187 ;, to 1881. Rot. William W. Wal- hridfre became pastor Scpti-inher 1. Issl, and is the present incumbent. The Union Evangelical Church.— The Presbyte- rian Church was organized in 1822, being a secession ot members of the Congregational Church who were not pleased with the Congregational form, and others who could not adopt the liberal views of Dr. Dunbar's society. The first house of worship was erected in 1825, at Gordon's Corner, and was dedicated October 4th of the same year. This building was occupied untill839. In 1840 the present church edifice was erected in the v illage. PETERBOROUGH. The first pastor was Rev. Peter Holt, of Epping, from March. 1826, to .March. 1835. The society was without a pastor from 1837 to 1840. Rev. N. Pine was pastor from June 8, 1836, to January, 1837, and Rev. J. Barrett supplied till February, 1839; J. R. French was installed March IS. 1840, ami remained until 1847; Henry .1. Lamb was pastor from July 14, L847, to December, L852. During the year ISM, much dissatisfaction i-xi-.tin.tr with the preaching of Mr. Lamb, a number of the mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church, by the decision of the Presbytery of Lond lerry, were recommended to different churches in the vicinity. In 1853 the same persons, with others, were, by advice of council, or- ganized into a Congregational Church, whose officers were Nathaniel II. Mo., re. Joel Fay and Andrew A. Farnsworth. April 21, 1858, the Congregational and Presbyterian Churches, by mutual consent, and advice of a reference committee tor both parties, were organized into a church to be known by the name of the Union Evangelical Church. Rev. George Dustan was ordained pastor of this church in October, 1859, and remained its efficient pastor more than a quarter of a century. He was succeeded February 26, 1885, by the present pastor, Rev. Austin II. Ball. In I860 tlie church edifice was repaired and en- larged at a cost of about three thousand dollars, and in 1873 a neat and commodious chapel was erected costing nearly two thousand dollars. Methodist Church.— Methodist services were first held in this town by Rev. Z. Adams, in 1819. The church was organized in October, 1824. The first class consisted of Adam and Phebe Penniman, John Shearer, Jean White, Elizabeth and Fanny Gregg. The society worshiped in school-houses, private dwellings and the town-house until 1840. September 16th of that year their first house of worship was dedicated. The following is a list of the pastors to the present time : ■ ' I • - " ■ . h i I I ;■', .l.ilm ,I,kk-s ; 1830-40, J. C. Cromack; 1840-tl, B. D. Brewster ; 1841-42, 0. H. Chase ; 1842-14, JamesAdams; 1844 45, Moses A Howe ; 1846 16, Elijah Mason ; 1846-47, Franklin Furber ; 1847-49, RufuaTilton 1-1 • -I Ibl fee; I- i a, I - li ."I . I '■ 'I. < M I'm ; 1854 I. in ball Hadley; 1855-57, William H.Jones 1857-59,] nville i Mil! 1859-60, George S I;., mm, 1860-62, B I Danfortb 1862-64, S. I. East- man . 1864^65, in- ph Fawcetl ; -■ ; i Drap 1867-68, Silas i I ]• Hamblet ; 1871-72, S lei Deedle ; 1872-73, Samuel L. Better; 1873, Mi irtF.Baxtei ; 1 -T... I II Hillman; 1S77-7S, E. P. F. Dearborn ; 1878-9, J. I,. Harrison; 1879-80, Mi Presbj ; 1880-81, Mr. Windsor; ls.M-sj, v.,.;tin , I--- -.:, .1 V Iiniv, I— ;-.".. Baptist Church.— The Baptist Church was organ- ized December 19, 1822. Jonathan Faxon was the first deacon and Moses Dodge the first clerk. Elder John Cummings, who organized the church, supplied them with preaching for several years. The first regular pastor was Rev. Asa Niles, who remained during 1825-26. The following have been his suc- Revs. John Peacock (supply i, / .l..m-. l-ln-l; i m i l-t- B i- I, 1861 -67 . « o Vyer, 1871-74; i '. F. Myers, 1875; Rev, David Gage, from November, 1880, to Maj I, 1881 Rev. ] Id Herring, from Maj I, ISM, tu .luniwry, ls>W ; it..\ Kdward Greene, li'i.iu > I : i re 1 1 I. ISM1, lu May I. tSSl, shun wliirli 111. -iv hi- l„ , i a The first church edifice was erected in 1822 on High Sheet, and was enlarged in 1834. The pres em house of worship, on Main Street. «as completed in lsti', and dedicated in the summer of that year. St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church. Prior to 1874 Mass was said in this town by priests from Nashua and Keene. In that year, however, Rev. P. Holahan located in the town as pastor, and remained until 1876, when be was succeeded l>\ the present pastor. Rev. Edmund Buckle. The church edifice was dedicated May 14, 1876. It was erected at a cost of about five thousand dollars. (HA PTER IV. PETERBOROUGH— {Continued). Mi'li'M Hi-I- I'ust-i Hlki-— Population. Medical History. 1 — Dr. John Young was the first physician who practiced in Peterborough. His early history and life is but little known. He was horn in Worcester, Mass., June 2, 1739, and studied his pro- fession with Dr. Green, of that town. He was con- sidered one of the best read men of his day. and the community held him in very high esteem for his medical knowledge and skill. He came to Peterborough about 17, James Cutler was in Watertown, Mass., and was an original grantee of land in the northerly part of the town, on the road to Belmont, and in 1649, James Cutler and Nathaniel Bowman purchased >>i Edward Goffe two hundred acres of laud in Cambridge, near the Watertown line, and in 1651 he sold bis share to Bow- man for thirty-nine pounds. It is probable that Cut- ler and, perhaps, Bowman moved from Watertown about this time. Cutler settled at Cambridge I um- near the 1 !cil ford line ; a part of this farm was owned till recently by the widow of John and heirs of Leonard Cutler. This house must have been one of the first erected in the precinct. lie was born about 1606, and probably married before he came to this country. His wife, Anna, died, and was buried September 30, lb44, and he married, second, March 9, 1645, .Mary King, widow of Thomas King, of Watertown, who died December 7, 1654. He married, third, 1'liebe Page, daughter of John, about 1662. He died May 17, 1694, aged eighty-eight years. He had thirteen children, of whom James was in t be di i eei ;nii estral line. J, inns Cutler (2i, nt Cambridge Farms, was born November li, 1635, and married, June 15, 1665, Mrs. Lydia Wright, of Sudbury. He died July:;], 1685, aged fifty years. He had seven children, of whom Thomas was in the direct line. Thomti.x Culler (.')), was born December 1">, lb77, and married Sarah Stone, daughter of Samuel and Dorcas Stone. He was constable in 1719 and selectman in I7l'!>. '31, '33 and '34. He bad eight children, of whom David was in the direct line. I >,i r 1,1 I ',,11, , i t ), was bom August 2(1, 1 7U.>, and mar- ried Miss Mary Tidd, daughter of Joseph and Mary Tidd. They were admitted to the church April 14. 172S. They resided on the old homestead, near the Bedford line. He was constable in 1746 and select man in 1749, '50 and '51. His will, dated September 13, 17~>8, ami proved February 9, 1761, mentions wife. .Mary, sons,— David, to whom he gave the farm in Weston (now Warren), on which he then lived; Joseph, to whom he gave the place in Weston on which he then resided; Solomon, to whom he gave tin somb- erly part of the homestead; and Thomas, to whom he gave the rest of the home farm; and daughters, — Abigail Hodgman and Mary Page. He was a man of g 1 property, bis inventory of personal property beinu C\l'-', !::.«. :{ 15th, as stated by 1 »rs. Bond and Hud- son i. He married, December 2i, 1761, Rebecca Page, of Bedford. Tin \ removed to Rindge, N. il., probably in 1771, and were admitted to the church by letter from the church in Lexington March 21, 1772. Cap- tain Cutler lived many years as a farmer and inn- holder about one-half mile from Rindge Centre, cm the Fitzwilliam turnpike, on tin- farm subsequently occupied by Dr. Thomas .lewett. lie \\ as styled lieutenant in 177-"> and captain in 1777 and subse- quently, on account of commissions held in the home organizations. In 1777 he was a member of Captain stun.'- company, which marched in response t<> an alarm at Ticonderoga. lie was selectman in 1770, '77 and '83. His wife, the mother of eight children, died October 18, 1782, and he married, sec 1, Hep- sebeth Hush, of Stirling, .Mass.. by whom he had two children. tier (6), the oldest son of Captain Solomon. who was in the direct ancestral line, was horn Sep- tember 20, 1762, and married, December 29, 1785, Elizabeth Carlton, daughtei of James and Elizabeth (Sherwin) Carlton, lie always resided in Rindge. He was a tanner ami held the offices of constable and sexton for many years. Many of hi- quaint, original sayings arc not forgotten by the aged, who remember him. He died A m; ust '. i. ls::s, ;igod seventy-six. and his willow died February 14. 1859, aged ninety-three. He was the father of nine children, id' whom ( , the tilth son, was in the direct line. ' 'harles t 'ml, r(7), was born Xo\ ember i'.s, IT'.itl, and married. October 18, 1831, Melinda Wright, daughter of Abel and Zilpha (Rice) Wright, of Ashby, Mass. She was born July 22. 1805, and died August 9, is 47. having been the mother of three sons and four daughters, five of whom (two sons and three daugh- ters) survived her. He married, second, -March 5, L848, Esther Whitcomb, of Saxton's River, Vt.. who is the mother of one son, Virgil M., with whom she now resides in Cambridge, .Mass. Captain Cutler was a farmer, and always resided on the "Captain Asa Sherwin place," in the north part of the town (Rindge . He died February 15, 1864, leaving threi sons and three daughters, the second of whom, John Harrison is the subject of this sketi h. Jh/di //• :/ />., (8) was born in Rindge. Cheshire County, \. 11.. February 16, 1834, and " after receiving a liberal academical education, he commenced his professional studies under the direc- tions of Dr. O. II. Bradley, of East Jaflfrey, N. H., and graduated from the University of Vermont in 1861, having been indebted to his own industry for the means which enabled him to pursue his studies. Alter a brief practice in Greenville, N. H., he was appointed assistant surgeon in the army, and remained in the service until the close of the war, when he located in Peterborough, where he has continually enjoyed a liberal and appreciative patronage." I'.e.-ides hi- professional labors. Dr. Cutler has always taken an active interest in public affairs. As early as 1N72 he became interested in the State militia, and held a commission as major-surgeon from that time until the organization of the National Guards, in is;;, at which time he received a like commission in the Second Regiment New Hampshire National Guards, and held it in active duty until he resigned, in lssi. He has for several years been an active member of the Peterborough Public Library committee, making, with his associates, important improvements in its entire system and valuable acquisitions to its literary standing. He has held the position of presi- dent of Contoocook Valley Savings-Bank since its organization, and for several years past has been a director in the Monadnock National Hank, at East Jaffrey. At the organization of the Peterborough Improve- ment Company in .Tune, 1884, he was made its treasurer, and has held the office since. He also holds the position of secretary and treasurer of the Monadnock Railroad Company, whose office is at Peterborough. He was elected a member of the State Legislature for 1883 and bs.S-l, and took an active part in its transactions. He is also an active member of the New Hampshire Medical Society. Professionally, as well as in business transactions, Dr. Cutler is an in- dependent actor, never hesitating to assume any legit- imate responsibility which may result in good; this, with the good judgment and cautious deliberation always at his e mand, coupled with his acute pro- fessional ability and generous sympathies in the sick- room and at the surgical table, renders him a success in all of his associations. In society associations he attends the Congrega- tional Church, but possesses liberal views. IF' is a member of Altemonl Lodge, and an officer in Peter- borough Royal Arch Chapter of Masons, and also a comrade (surgeon) in Aaron F. Stevens Post, No. 6, G. A. li.. and a Fellow of the Webster Histori- cal Society, while his skill in horticulture and pomology has given him an early membership with the Patrons of Husbandry. He was married, .Tuned, 1865, — while in the army. — at Dale Fniied States Oeneral Hospital, to Miss Martha Louise, daughter of Samuel and Hannah (Shedd) Ryan, of Jaffrey. She was born November 30, 1845, and is the fourth generation, paternally, from Daniel Ryan, M.D., who came from Ireland a- surgeon of a vessel about 17o(), and settled in Tewksburv. Mass. His son. Samuel JoC^^t^k^ PETERBOROUGH. 667 Ryan, M.D., came to Sharon, X. II.. in 1790, and his son Samuel Ryan was a farmer and dealer in lumber, and owner of the famous Ryan Strain Mills. He was a leading man in town, holding all of its important offices. In 1854 lie removed to Jaffrey, and became prominent as a leading citizen. He was several years a selectman, and represented the town in the State j Legislature in 1863-64. He was also for many years, until his death (Maj 5, 1876), a director in the Mon- adnock National Hank. Mrs. Ryan was a daughter of George Shedd, Esq., of Peterborough, and is still a resident of Jaffrey. They have had five children, all of whom are living,— Samuel Ryan, horn April 29, 1866, a gradu- ate from the Peterborough High School, and now at Cushing Acad. any. Ashburnham, Mass.; Charles Henry, born September 9, 1867, and ( lastella Melinda, horn November 21, 1869, both in Peterborough High School; Martha Evangeline, born October 20, 1875; Am. Louise, horn August 22, 1 s?7. The following is a list of the natives and inhabi- tants of Peterborough who became physicians and settle! elsewhere : Reuben D. Mussey, M.D., LL.D., was horn in Pelham June 2:;. 1780, and removed to Peterborough, with his parents, in 1800. Graduated A.M. from Dartmouth College in 1803, and Bachelor in Medi- cine in 1805, having been indebted to his own in- dustry for the means which enabled him to continue Ins studies, lie practiced for some time in Salem, Mass., where he distinguished himself for his scientific attainments as well as skill as a physician and surgeon. Leaving Salem, he pursued his studies in Philadelphia, and proved in one of his several experi- ments, conclush civ, the' theory of "absorption by the skin," in direct opposition to a former theory of the celebrated Dr. Rush, which was the subject of his theais at his second graduation at Philadelphia. In 1814 he was appointed to the chair- of theory and practice and obstetrics at Dartmouth < lollege, and from that time to 1837 he filled all of the professor- ships in the Medical Department of the institution, in addition to all of the important surgical practice in that region, lie also during that time Blled the chairs of anatomy and surgery for four years tit Bowdoin College, -Maine, and the chair of surgery at the Medical College of Fairfield. X. Y„ in 1837. In 1838 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and by invi- tation took the leading part in the Ohio Medical Col- lege, there located, for the next fourteen years. He then founded the Miami Medical College, and labored assiduously in its behalf for six years, when he retired from active profes.-innal life, though still retaining till of his ardor for his chosen profession. He now — in 18AS — removed to Boston and spent the remainder of his days in the family of his daughter. where he wrote the work entitled " Health : Its Friends audits Foes." As an operative and scien- 43 tific surgeon he attained a national reputation, having performed all of the capital operations iii surgery. He operated forty-nine times for lithotomy, w ith only four fatal results ; for strangulated hernia, forty times, with but eight fatalities. He was the first sur- geon who ligated both carotid arteries at once in the same person with entire success, which opera- tion gave him great ielat both at home and abroad. He visited Europe twice for the purpose of profes- sional and scientific improvement. Is an operator he was bold and fearless; as a teacher, impressive and earnest, ami always beloved by bis students. He married, first, Miss Mary Sewell, of Ipswich, Mass., who survived the marriage only six months; second, Miss Hitty < >-_ I. of Salem, Mass., who died May 14, 1866. He died from the infirmities of age, June 21, 1866, aged eighty-six years. DE. I REDEEICK A. MILLER was born in Peter- borough July 15, 1789; he studied with i>r. Starr, of this town, and Howe, of Jaffrey, and attended medical lectures at Dartmouth College, and died at Manches- ter, July 28, 1869, aged eighty years. Dr. David Mitchell was bom in Peterborough May 31, 1782. He studied medicine with Dr. Howe, of Jaffrey, and attended lectures at Dartmouth < 'ollege. Lived at Bradford, and died January 21, 1821 aged thirty-nine years. Jesse Smith, M.D.. was born in Peterborough and graduated A.M. from Dartmouth College in 1814, and M.D. from Harvard College in 1819. He was appointed professor of anatomy at Dartmouth Medical College in 1820, and soon after he accepted "i ships of anatomy and surgery in the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati, which he retained until his death. He became eminent as He was an independent thinker, with an indomitable will that overcame till obstacles, and his wide profes- sional culture rendered him an interesting .and in- structive lecturer. He married Eliza Bailey, of ( harlestowii, who survived him. He died of cholera in July, Is::.",, aged forty years, after fourteen I -' sickness, a victim to his prole-si. ma I zeal during the prevalence oJ I he disease in that city. William Little, M.D., was born in Shirley, Mass., October 20, 1753, and came to Peterborough with his parents in 1764, and studied medicine with Dr. Young. He settled in practice at Hillsborough Bridge, and was drowned in the I Ymtoocook River. Robert Smith, M.D., was born in Peterborough. He practiced in various place-, and died in Addison, Yf. William II. Peabody, M.D., was born in Me., and came to Peterborough with his parents in youth. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1826, and commenced practice in Gorham, and died there March 2. 1843, aged forty-two years. Hieam J. Edes, M.D., was born in Peterborough July 17, 1815 ; graduated from Hampden Sidney Col- MISTiiliV <>]•' HFLLSl'.ulKinUI COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. lege, Virginia, in 1844. He settled in Missouri, but during the Kansas troubles removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, wlu'iv lit' now resides. David Yoi sgman, M.D.. was born borough August 26, 1817. He graduated from Dart- mouth A.M. in 1839, and M.D. in 1846, and settled in Winchester, Mass., where he practiced for ten year>. and then removed to Boston, where he is now in active practice. George H. Ingalls, M.D., was bom in Peterbor- ough March 15, 1805, and graduated from Berkshire Medical College in 1837, and located in Proctorsville, Vt., in 1838. His health failed in 1848 turned to his native town, where he died, of consump- tion, May 26, 1849, aged forty-four years. Luke Miller, M.D., was born in Peterborough August 18, 1815, and graduated from Norwich Uni- versity in 1841 and Woodstock Medical College in 1844. He represented the town in 1845 and '46; commenced practice in Troy, N. H., and afterwards in Winchendon, Mass., where he acquired a reputation He removed to Chatfield, Minn., in 1857, where he was s i engaged in a laborious practice, in which surgery had a special prominence. He was elected eight successive years from 1862 a Si nator to the Minnesota Legislature. He held appointments under the Governor during the War of the Rebellion; was on the hoard of trustees of the Asylum for the Insane for several years after it was established, and li;i - also held important offices in the railroads of He now reside- in I.aneslioro', Minn., where he enjoys an active practice. John G. Parker, M.D., was bornin Peterborough July 2,1818. lie graduated from Norwich University in 1847 and Dartmouth Medical College in 1852; practiced in Dublin twelve years, and removed to Warner in 1865, where he died September 12, 1869, aged fifty-one years. He sustained a high reputa- tion professionally and as a citizen. E. Coolidge Richardson, M.D., was born in Peterborough April -~>, 1*21. graduated from Harvard College in 1842, and resides in Ware, Mass., in the practice of his profession. James Morrison, M.D., was born in Peterbor- ough June 20, 1818 : graduated A.M. from Harvard College in I -i I and M.D. from the University of Maryland in 1846. He was resident physician of the Baltimore Infirmary until 1S50, when he removed to San Francisco, Cal.. where he practiced until 18o4, when he spent two years in Europe in the study of his profession. Returning to San Francisco in 1858, in addition to an extensive practice, he assisted in thi tion of the first medical school on the Pai in which, for five years, he filled the chairs of theory and practice of medicine and pathology. He was a trustee of the University of the Pacific and vice- president of the California Medical Society. He left San Francisco in 18ii7 and settled in Quincy, Mass., in 1869, where he was chosen president of I In- Nor- folk County Medical Society early in 1882, but died May 20th of the same \ ear. aged sixty-four years. The posif - to which he was elevated are the strongest indications of his eminence. He was twice married, in- sec ! wife surviving his death. Frederick A. Smith, M.D., was born in Peter- borough June 18, L830. He graduated A.M. from Dartmouth College in 1852 and M.D. in 1855. He was assistant at Blackwell's Island. X. Y., for one year, ami settled in Leominster. Mass., where he died 20, 1856, aged twenty-six years. He was well fitted in taste and education for his profession, and gave promise of eminence. He married Miss Frances Gregg, of Belleville, X. J., June 18,1856, who survived him. Edward J. Cutter, M.D., was born in Peterbor- ough July 5, 1855; graduated from Harvard Col- lege in ls;7, and resides in Boston. Lawyers. — Jeremiah Smith, James Wilson, Ste- phen 1". Steele, James Walker, Artemas L. Holmes, David J. Clark, Edwa i.l S. Cutter, Charles G.< Ihenej George A. Ramsdell, C. V. Dearborn, Albert S.Scott, Rile) I'.. Hatch. Eugene Lewis, Ezra M. Smith. Frank G. Clark. Daniel M . White. R. B. Hatch. Peterborough Academy was incorporated De- cembet 28, 1836, ami in L837 a neat school-house, forty-seven by thirty, was erected in the village on a beautiful and convenient site, presented by Genera] James Wilson for this purpose. The academy con- tinued lor many years and finally declined. The High School was established in 1871, and was opened in August. 1871, under the instruction of Thomas 1'. Maryatt, graduate of Dartmouth College, 1871, with about fifty scholars. Nathaniel H.Mor- rison, LL.D., of Baltimore, Md., presented the school with philosophical apparatus valued at about two thousand dollars. The Peterborough State Bank, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, went into operation Janu- ary 1. L855; A. C. Cochran, president, ami Charles G. chciny, cashier. Mr. Cheney resigned May lii, 1862, and William G.Livingston was elected to fill the \ aeancy. I his bank closed its operations May 27, 1865, when the First National Bank of Peterborough was estab- lished with a capita] of one hundred thousand dol- 1: rs. Che office of president Incoming vacant by the death of A. C. Cochran, Esq., June 27, 1865, Fred- erick Livingston was elected to fill the same, which office lie still holds. William iil 24, 1871, when lie resig I. and was succeeded by the present cashier. Charles 1'. Richardson. Peterborough Savings-Bank was incorporated in 1 V I7. It \\a- organized in l.s.V.i hy the choice of John H. Steele, William Follansbee, Timothy K. Ames, Whitcomb French, James Scott. Albert Smith. PETERBOROUGH. Daniel B. Cutter, Samuel Nay. Abraham P. Morrison, Abial Sawyer, Norton Hunt and Samuel Adams as a board of trustees. John H. Steele was chosen president and George A. Ramsdell secretarj and treasurer. January 12, 1863, John H. Steele resigned his position as presi- dent and trustee, and William Follansbee was chosen president of the board. George A. Ramsdell resigned as treasurer April 30, 1864, and Rile) B. Hatch was elected to till the vacancy. The office of president becoming vacant by the death of Dr. William Fol- lansbee, Dr. Albert Smith was elected to this office, July 6, 1867, which office he still holds. The bank buildings of the Peterborough Savings- Bank were erected during the season of 1870, and the first meeting for business was held in the new r ns February 20, 1871. R. B. Hatch resig 1 the office of treasurer April 5, 1873, and Mortier F.Morrison was elected to till the vacancy. He entered upon the duties of secretary and treasurer April 17, 1873, ami still holds the office. The Press. 1 — Tin' first newspaper in town was published by William P. & John S. Dunbar, and commenced in the last part of 1829, which was called the Hillsborough Republican and New limn], shirr Clarion. It was edited by Rev. Elijah Dunbar. It was printed in the building near the bridge, on Main Street, afterwards known as Joel Frown's store. It had a short duration, for it closed April 29, 1831, with the ninth number of its second volume. The second paper, a little sheet in pamphlel form, called the Peterborough Messenger, was published by Samuel F. Brown in the summer of 1847, and discon- tinued after about ten months. The first number of the Cbntoocook Transcript, published by Miller & Scott (John R. Miller and Kendall C. Scott), was issued June 2, 1849, with four hundred subscribers. It has been continued unin- terruptedly to this time, the present proprietors hav- ing early changed the name to that of Tlie Peter- borough Transcript, by which it is known. During the first two years of its publication, for a portion of the time, it was edited by Albert S. Scott, Esq., ami they were also indebted for many valuable contributions to tin- students of Ban ard I At the expiration of two years, the subscription- list in the mean time having doubled, the paper passed into the hands of K. C. Scott. Elias Cheney was the next proprietor, who sold out to Charles Scott, and by him it was again sold to K. C. Scott, and after some years passed into the hands of the present pro- prietors, Famum & Scott. Altemont Lodge No. 26, F. and A. M.. was char- tered June 14, 1815, in Dublin. It was subsequently removed to Peterborough. Its charter was surren- dered in 1840, and restored in 1849. The lodge is now in a prosperous condition. There is alsoaRoyal \rel, Chapter in this town. Peterborough Lodge, I. 0. of 0. F., was chartered in February, 1846. There is also a Rebekah Degree Lodge here and an encampment. Town-House. — The first town-house was built in 1830, and the present one in I860. It is a neat and commodious building. The Manufactures of Peterborough have been quite extensive from an earl) day. The "Old" or "Bell" was incorporated December 20, 1808. In ad- dition to this, there were also the Eagle Factory, South Factory. North Factory, Phoenix Factory and Union Factory. Woolen manufacture has also been carried on here. There are also other branches of manufacture which add to the importance of the place. Post-Office. — Fhe first post-otliee was established October, 1795. The following is a list of the post- masters from that time to the present : Smith's History. Unity Stcflr, app"iiit< 'I May 1 ., ls.vt. Hiss s. M. Gates, appointed Februai | I. I S61. .ImIih I;. Miller, appoint''! Aii'.-uM IT, 1st,!. w. lv lim > i . 1882, present incumbent. Population.— In 17D0, Mil ; 1800,1333; 1810,1537 1820,1500; 1830,1983; 1840,2163; 1850,2222; L86I 2265; 1870, 222X; L880, 2207. HISTORY OF SHARON, CHAPTER I. Origin— Incorporation— Petitions— First Settlers— Town Clerks— Repre- sentatives—Military Record— Population, Tin: territory iii this town w:is formerly the wes- terly portion of Peterborough Slip, and retained the name after the east part was separated and incorpo- rated into the town of Temple. By an act passed Feb- ruary (J, 1789, the inhabitants were invested with the privilege of levying and collecting taxes for there- pair of highways, and the laying out and building of the same; anil by an act passed .Tunc 19, 1789, they were authorized to levy and collect a tax of one penny per aire annually, for the term of three years, for the purpose of repairing roads and bridges. January 24, 1701, the town was incorporated by its present name. Petition for Annexation to Peterborough: addressed loth'' General Court, 1777. — "We the [nhahitance of Peterborough Slip as Your Humble Petitioners do Beg Leave to Aquant Your honors that wehave Voted to be Anexed to Peterborough and Are Yerry Desirous for the Same for our Number 3 BeingSo Small that we » annul lie a town of our Selves Nor have Any towne Privilidges while we Are in this Situation and we humbly Pray that Your honors would take it into consideration and if it be Your Minds to Grant Us our Petetion Which we Now Request of Your hon- ours let it be Don Soon as may be — " And we Shall Ever praj &< ' " Peterborough Slip .May l'7' 1 ' 1777 "John Taggart, Jn° Swan, Jon" Taggart, J r , John Swan, .Inn', Samii 1 Milliken, John Whitemore, Gil- bert m'cay, William Milliken, .lame- Milligen, John m'allaster, James M'Nce. Benj : Nutting, Josiah Crosby, Sam 1 Gragg, Jn° Eliot, Andrew Conn." Petition for ■',< 1,7 ,,/ /iir,,,-j>of<:/iV- well regulated Society— And your petitioners beg have to observe that should your Honours be pleased to en- corporate them, in their present situation, that most of the difficulties >v. embarrassments which they now feel, would still remain; & that the only expedient whereby your Petitioners may be relieved, is, as they humbly conceive, that a small Piece betaken from each "t' the Towns that join upon said Peterborough- Slip on the north and west and be added thereto — Your Petitioners humbly conceive that if One mile be taken off the east end id' Jaffrey & one mile from the south end of Peterborough, as tar as they adjoin upon said Peterborough Slip, that such an accession would make them competent for all the purposes of corporate Society, and in no degree injure the said Towns of Jaffrey & Peterborough— Your petitioners are led to conceive thus of the matter from these con- siderations; That the said Town of Jaffrey i- now seven miles from west to east, A only live from North to South; So that, when that part of said Jaffrey, which it is the wish of your petitioners may be an- nexed to them, shall be taken off, the remaining part will be large enough for a Township & will better ac- commodate the Inhabitants than now. "That as to the said Town of Peterborough your petitioners beg leave to observe, thai a tract of land unincorporated, called Society, lies adjoining to Said Peterborough on the North— that this Tract is also surrounded by incorporated places And may very SHARON. 671 conveniently. At least a part of it, be annexed to said Peterborough, And will more than compensate for that part of Peterborough which may be Annexed to said Peterborough-Slip — "Your petitioners Therefore pray that your Hon- ours would be pleased to annex. One mile taken oil' the east end of said Jaffrey, & One mile taken off the South end of said Peterborough, t" the Trad of Land now called Peterborough-Slip, and incorporate the whole into a Township vested with all the privileges of corporate Societies in this State and as in Duty bound your Petitioners shall ever pray— "John m°ALLASTER ") Committee "Sam 1 oi: ujg of "Sam 1 Millikex J Peterborough Slip." This petition Mi'd and dismisses Petition for Authority !<> levy and collect Taxes /■«■ the repair of Highways, 17x7. "The petition of the Inhabitants of a place called Peterborough-Slip, in -aid State, " Humbly sheweth, "That your petitioners, by reason of their being unincorporated, are subject to many inconveniences, among which are, first, That they cannot lay out new high- ways— Second, That they ."011101 tax Xon-resi- dents lands, nor lands unimproved, to help make and repair highways — And, Third, That they cannol com- pel! persons wdio are unwilling to labour on highways to work on them at all: Wherefore, your petitioners pray that your Honors would enable, empower and fully authorize them to lay out high-ways in said Place, where necessary — to tax the Non-residents lauds and lands unimproved, in said place, for the making and repairing highways in said place — And to compell the Inhabitants of said Place to make, mend A: repair said high-ways— in as full and ample a man- ner as the inhabitants of incorporated towns and places in this State are by law authorized to act and do in such matters — "And your Petitioners as in duty hound shall ever pray. "June 25" 1787. ".Ioiin Prenth i: for the Petitioners." - Voted unanimous not to let Peterborough Slip have any part oil' the east part of sv> town. Voted to Chuse a 1 mitt< f live men to Petision and Re- monstrate the General Court of this State thai the Prayr of the Petision of Peterborough Slip he not Granted < 'hose M' Laban Ainswortb Esq' Roger Gilmore, Lieu' Joseph Bates, Adonijah Howe, Co!" Jed 11 Sanger — '■ Voted that the Committee make a Draught and Lay the Same before the town at an adjournment of this meeting Voted to adjourn this meeting to Thurs- day n, :24 of May instant at three O Clock afternoon May '"24 17X7 the inhabitants of S' 1 Jaffrey being meet acording to adjornment the Remonstrance Draughted by the affore Said Committee being read Voted to except the same. Voted that the remon- strance be Presented to the General Court of this State "A true Coppy Attest "Adonijah Eowe, Toxon Clark of Jaffrey." First Settlers.— Among the firstsettlers wereCap- tain William Taggart, Lieutenant McAlester, Samuel Millican, Josiah Crosby, Thomas McXcc. Gilbert McCoy, Samuel Gragg, John Marshall, John Swan, Abjar Spofford, David Moor, Adam Conn, John Whitman, Reuben Law, John Taggart, Joseph Barnes, Joseph Miller, John Duncan and James McNee. The foregoing petition was granted by an act pa; February 6, 1789. -ed Relative to Peterborough Slip, 17x7 " Jaffrey June 17X7 "This may certify that at a Legal meeting of the Freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of Jaffrey (qualified by Law to vote in town meetings) meet on may the 10—17x7 for the Porpos Si 1 ing what the town would do in regrard of Peterborough Slip haveing a mile off the east Tart of Jaffrey.— 1701-96, Samuel Mill'' a 1 1 1708 i i ■ Samuel Millican , 1804-7, William Tag can; 1809 n. Ben- ia. 1,111 Russell ; 1812, Asa Ban Ryan ; 1816-10, M- i-ii, Bi n- h | : „..„j| L842-4S Hath ,, m [84^ | |., mas Mi Coj 1850- „.| Naj i l,an Moore ; 1855- 58, James Taggart; L859-61, sir, ii Bacon, Jr , 1862-03, Fred. A. , ,.ii 1 ■ 1 G8,Stephen II. Bacon ; 1800-70, Natl in M v ; 1871-72, II. li. Evans; 1873-84, Benjai mi II Sanders. REPRESENTATIVES. 1853-54^ William Livingston 1855 i7, Phineas II. Taggart ; 1858-59, ,!,„,„ BeD | . [86o t \\ |.. i . i i - ' G3, Stephen A. I ,, . \ i , , 1806-07, John B. Shedd; 1868, .lulu, \ Kadlec 1869-70, Stephen II Bacon ; 1871-72, Nathan Moore; l873,JohnA II. nil. > 1874-75, Benjamin H. Sanders ; 1876, Derostos I' Emory; 1877, Henry E. Bond 1878, John A Hadlej I B Taggart. Military Record.— The following enlisted from Sharon during the late. Rebellion : ,, i Davis, OliverO Davis, RandallA. Davis, Luther Davis, Alfrfid n v .,,| w,ii., i:,,,i William li Hardej Alfred C Taggart, Jack- I, , ■ .. v ..... „ j. Hadley, 1 i | I B Hey, W illiam Milli, an, I | ,. n ,,. in Henry B i rackson Taggart, War- ren Nicholas, Henrj Nicholas, Elishi ,111 rederi, k- Population.— The present population of the town is two hundred and three. For information ing this town we are indebted to Mr. J. A. Hadley. HISTORY OF TEMPLE. CHAPTER I. Geographical— , inoinnl '.rant,.— I h. ' ' i^— Incorpora- tion of Town— First Ton u-Meeting— !'■ I ir i..Ti !o, I rporation— Second Petition for Incorporation— Documentary History— Various Petitions— Lottery— Inhabitants m 17*4— Columbian Library. The town of Temple lies on tin- southwestern part of the county and is bounded as follows : North, by Pctei-hoi-outi'li, Greenfield and Lyndebor- ough; east, by Lyndeborough and Wilton; south, by Mason and Now [pswich ; west, by Sharon and Pe- terborough. This township embraced several traits of land granted to individuals by the government of Massa- chusetts prior to 1740. The territory was granted by the Masonian proprietors in November, 1750, with the usual reservations. For some years it was called Peter! ioroui p. lc horiuighslip, Then Running South llotwoo,, rho |;|, 1, nil, ,V Tnehctlrl.ots. on a l.moiiialko.l on Hi. pinnai ; I 1 Mounl line til it o,,mes to the Xmii. • ''. 1 - 1 ', , - 1. o. . -nil Kunningon the pinnacle of n, o 11. ,,,.•.,,,,. rhxough the Lota Twelve in tin- Sixth and fifth Ranges, 01, a lane marked to a Spri S 1 -I wesl I on no i oi Twelve in the Fourth Range, Still Runing on the pim Mountain, Through the Lots thirteen in the fourth Range and fourteen 4 fifteen in the Third Range, 01, a lino marked on the pinnacle of the Know n la 'I'll, Nam, of Molt. tt> In ■■. I'lioii Ifunin. W'-t at„,nt fifteen Rods I- the wesl Lii I thi I it I Iftei 11 it thi - ad Rang PhenI boat Easl 1 N " Ipswich North Line To the Southeast Corner of Sd 1- • io igl Slip, -nil Runing Easl on wilton South Liu 1 1 1 o 1 ; . ., Kline- Noiih itetween the Eighth & Nineth Ranges I I O - ' I" > Too,' of Lot- to I South Ian., I !,■■,. I :..:,,:._ W . -I on mil,,,. Ninth 1. 1 no a In I | lOrOUgh Slip Norl I . 1 peterbi rotigh East Lino. Then Sunii |io,o,l. a. 11 :h Kan 1.00 to u 10 south Fast Coiner first mentioned— all So no II blej pro, moo l.v oil- mi ' ! I I W ill 'i no be 01., I up To Them By yol Lai , . 1 .,0 Sid, '! '.'' ,; 1 .,11, 'l and known B> The Nai I The Mo, I Slip, and We ill l'ut\ l',„uni -hall tin [nay: A: C potoi l„ n'oiiol, -1 , |. : 11 \pol.l7os. ■ i ,: in, i- Blood, 1 "JOHH MaKSIIAI. 1 Colli; This petition, however, was not granted, and on the 101 li of tile following June a second petition was presented, as follows : rth and /,'■- I Com " W In n a- tin M.,;,., o pet i i oroughslip « , b ,- Im] ra, ti< able fol Roads bo that ,, n, oi in i toscttli the pul lii k worshi] "t God soas to i,, l ■ ii both sides oi the fountains no the Enl the East side of the Mountains Humbly pray your Excellency and II,,,,,,,,, - thai we may Hav, pal i oi ■■ ■ thai no ,n,,\ be anexed to wilton from the penicle of the mountains a Gri 1 1,,,,, Hi- o i [.,,,!, in the pot it ion laid before your Excellency arid II "i, . . - lo "in i ',.,,,,,,, (too the fourth .f tua\ L;ot and we in dm ■ i : . io , [768 ■ /odolnah dun v. Thoiiia- inar-hall. Soth ' ,,bb, Jonathan Bl 1 Jul.. Joseph Heald. Jonathan Drury. VlbcSc won,,,. i,,i in i ,,,: 673 Benj" Cutler, , Heald, Josiah Robim Eklad Spafford, Petti Garshom Drury, tlio Emery, Daniel Drury, i Drurj Jun, r. .1 - 1 1 i i-i. herd s.-n, John l; / u- Riohnrils..n, Oliver .; : 11 tynard, Stephen < lobb, 1. /. ... I 1 Hi l'nui .Inner, Nathan Drury, 1, st, ph. 11 parlin John Heald, Zei hariah Ham Brew, 1 .1 -lm. CM M.iiah Guold, Foster, E/.rk i,l <: I.,l.\ .hi. i-i-i-i *.mo Emory, Ebnezer Drury Junr, Elea ei Cayloi • n Fell! Pet 1 Felll John Brown, Jo- William I'iiim -ii"- An-, 'i. Jonathan Avery, Benj" 1 -, ph R.--1 llphrsnii Hi'itM.' . This petition was granted, ami tin- town was incor- porated, as mentioned above, Augusl 26, 1768. DOI I MI.NTUIY HISTORY. Relative to somt Vai • i ' \ddressed to tin Assembly, 01 Commit- tee of Safely, 1776. "Having providentially net with some Suspicious Circumstances in the Appearance and Behaviour of f ■ men passing tin-,.' this Town— We pursuednii P aratl '* ■'" ' ., |„.ai-,-,l plain Hum their own Account that they had been 5, ,n from some part ol New S irk, by Committees in thai Quarter, to Ex- eter on suspicion at least of unfriendliness to y I'm- of Annul, a— and that they had been allow'd a large Liberty ,.t Yard at Exeter, whieh they improved in attempting an eseape— their Nam— hi then own A- 'emit are Stephen Hunt, Asa Drown, Jacob Mote, lli-h ., lb- Me, ,lo net pretend any of them to have ,]..ne aiiythin- for America, but only as ex- pressly Called upon ; lb., Ih.-i would ev use thouisolios from any direct Opposition— We have s.nl , ,u down to bo ,li-]io.e,| ol a, the Hon^ Court shiill tliink proper— "The expenresof Apprehending and Cnnvoyin- tln-m I" thi- Town -.,,1 -in ils particulars on a paper by itself— amounting to al sol, lie!-, Ill, Husband Regiment I In, lm, Corn at 1 ■- pet bushil en- 1-1 bushil 1 lb Hi: b 'ISO Drm me bushil ol 1: , being a sold S, 1 "1- Rig" ' 11" » a by mo "Temple May 27—1779" ■'Mi i;i, Mrs. Unity als,, signed rei eipts us follows: "June lo, 17711, 1 bushel Corn N,o. 'jo, " i " "2 "Received of Benj' Cutter on, bushile oi Corn at 3- — and Nine pound of Cash i „ i:,_ .1 So], lie, in tl "Temple April 1—1779" Mrs. Eillsgrove also gavi "May 177:i, bushel ,-1 1 lohl of Ephrain , 177C 'Sam 1 Howard a "Davih sriirmih ] Committee /o! "John I'll hi .if "e rot™ of " Sam» Websteb I Temple." "Efhraim Heald j "Received of the Town of Temple by the Committee the sum ol Ninety Two Dollars in lull for enlisting into the Cntiii.-i. soldier in part of the Quota of the Town abovesaid ol the three Battal- lions rai-ing in lie State of Newhamshil 'Temple March 28, 1 'Testis 1 John HiLLSGROVE. " Sam' fl ,. 11-11 a." i 01 i Ti mph bj Hie Committee the sum of Ninety Two Dollars in full lot enlistine into the Cm! mental -eivi, e as a soldier ' the three Battall - raising in the State of Newbaiup-lore. "Temple March 28, 1777 u Re, ,1 of John Ciagin, nliver Heald and S, Receivars for the Town ,,l Temple ..I the soldier i:.,b — 'I affix'd to bur Names foi enlistment in y« Continental Hub lm 'James — Hutch ' Temple April the 7— John Drury :50, April 9, 1777, Josiali Slmic si.-j.-n.-il a similar receipt for thirty pounds, and Benjamin Smith did the same April 7th of the- same year. n Soldiers' Wives. '■r.ee'i ,,f the S.-l ten of Temple tew bushel of 1, I, i lln-band Elijah Alan-field being a -ol.liei n Regiment— I say lb- ■' by me ii Mansfield. "Temple Jan' 4 : 177s " •' Then Received Ten dollars of An helaus Cuniming- one of the Com. .lulyjc, : of Corn, - bush, 1 of Rye, and ill cash, of dipt. Cr-honi loin Y Oliv, i Heald 63, ',. 0, . ash '.17, 0. continental money. J 1 v bushels Cot bushel, I n bi.-ii' 1- Rye at 1-8 prbush. Heald i of In,. 177- : addressed to !i ,,, I;, A . apt (I, [Shore ih" Reliel Of it lu- lots Weill on r.-piest to ll.. liken out or 1 It w , i.- before t I ., in,| tor a man and K I ng— £2-6-0 r Honours Ihul II ill,,] upon to ,-i a d your petiti as in " u illiam Drury of Temple in Dn ■ i ompani sheweth that hi Tii .,n,i iroga "u the alarm in Jul and that at ' harlest brook out of -bitliaiu Whit-- I found him, and that I paid for li hois to Go afeter him and foi stn ■- W'h.-refoi'e your p. liH'.it, i II' be Kepai'Ulli'l -111, I ,'1 tW, p, ,1111,1 Go with iii- horse foi the defem in, i, H, tl Shall I',"' i ','■■ ■■ ' "Temple Feb* 2n> 1778 " Sworn to before Francis Blood, justice of the peace. Capt. Robert Fletcher's Petition : mid 1 ' On Council 1770. " The petetion of Cap« Robert Fletcher of Temple in th, Count} I luiiebi, sheweth thatyoui pet net C omman ded upanj in the volentear in Col° Eno, Hal, on the Island "flloail Island in the Month of Annus! In-l lh.il II. mi Spaulding of Stodard was in my Company the whole tim, your petitiOUel . aoi. .1 a h"t ol He' Company to the Committee on Claims ataMusterRollandGave an abstract that I did not lVe pound tWOShlllil pray &c — May appear— Therefore your pet, holier , l,e Repaid to Me win ll and your [leletiotier as in Duty Bound Sb "Temple March y -J- 1 1779" ■.The II u: ' Petitioner ii ".nit in ' apt Fry- ('..mi melsRidg' the ll' 1 ' „f Feb-- 1777 that h. inarched with the first Devii the first of April to Ticondaroga— & Discharged the duty of a Leiu . . a Continued th, re til Ap- 30 1778 when l„ Continue,! implications f ,y Family of their I 074 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1 Discharged Come bom, , pi Soi foiDepre- therefore j 'peteti i "'" < :,] - '"s, ',,-,.„,,,, , ,,;_,, „.,„,„ I a tj Shall Ever| ' Temple Febr 14— 178 The committee reported in favor of allowing him the depreciation of Ins pay. far • B *' Hewesof Boston to the Honourable i ouncel and ol il- St. Ne* Hampshirefo. th. Fur- ',„o,,t..f clln-s Ma.„,la,t.. n mi, l„ |,i,a in the Town ,,f Temple in this State— " Y "" r l """ 111 " I'etiti.me. Prayplli thai .... he. n at so (ileal got the Manufactory . ,„,] i„ ,„_ , „. ithout Pul.liok In. . ...... i,i , L„tteri ,mvj "'- ■' "" ' ' Honej to biii s it to Perfection, to Proci ■ I'uMlieJ Levi Peirce, Silas Bn Abner Felt, Ezekiel 3. -.I !■ , Ju 1 \. ...... I , nM. mi.. 1. 1. Gideon powers, Jacob Foster, i ■- ' ■ Iburn, John Path ,. I I. -I'-hn st..w.ll, Jnsiah Kisk, William '■•' M Abraham I'm- , JohnCragin, Lowel, \,„l,..,v Lane, Jonas 1 '• ' " l; '"'"' Inieli, liani.-l Ileal. 1. Oliver Heald, Ephraim Co- "■""■ ■'""''" Sl ■ Al ""l H.dt. Joseph Ki.l.ler, .l,,|,„ M'Allaster James Millike,,. W... Millik,,,,, .I......I, s.v.Mr. Jai M LS '•■ .1 "I.,. -v...„ ..1, ..,.,.), Miller, Nathan Boyn- 1 '" h " Marshel, Reuben Law, Bob' Potter, John Taggart, Benjamin i ■ . U -I Ho, , Jam miah Andrews, John Tagyait, ,;.rsl,,„„ l„„r.v, Pavi.1 s. , , .lull. Nathan Whee^r.John Bnrnap, Saim Holt, Ezekiel Jewett, Francis . Varon Colman " Soldier'i Certificate, 1784. "These ....... , indrews is Father & heir t, Andrews a Minor late o1 Temple Deceas'd— who was a Soldierinthe ny— Hired bj S« Town ol Tempi, — i ..mi ■ Haled 'IV . Dei . Authority 1781. '''""'"' of the .1/..,,,,.,, , . ,,, ;.,, tottery: ..././.. , | Court, 17.-J humbly sheweth thai 1 '' M ' H Hewes o B monwealth ol """ ,; ' ''" '"' ll ' 1'''" ' ,h "era! I I ,i , ,,,i State of STew- aMarch A D: 1781, ...... i tewes in setting y md caiTyin; . f ! " I ' "■" ' !tat ' ■ i; la PP dnting i-mii p. -. 51 ,, ' ' ' '" ' ' : : ,: ' ' '' "" : ~- '" l'"i-i,a,i f their trust, iverthe thougl . appointed b, >.'!. II. in. ... .., k,„.V leije,. ■ ts of the i... .j..--, ... pi inting said sllrl. .slims af in,,,,, ■> as ol said lotterj and, fo II,. ;;:,; lubitan Iccounl to thi .1 foi " E " Brown , of "F. Blood J Temple. ;,'.;...•... to m,i /„. ,„,,/,, , L7g5 "Humbly Shewe Selectmen of Temple in the County of Hills- ..- ", s Town -Th bi : ' ' ll ' , " 1 ". n >'"'>' pasl li\ wl,i . , ....... [livid. ,] i-rt rail" K" 12 and the Easl pari i all \ .. 1 1.. R, , Surcumstances of Towns that Nov Easl Bigimenl we Suppose «..-,,.„ then laid befon the Hoi we beliveif they had it would Nol l,.u. ..... ■..,,, i.i, ,,,.«,. i,,.- i...n,. '" S| . V Thal l! " I N'e« 1, -.■. 1 Bason Wilton Temple Peterborough Lyn.M,.,r..ue|, s n ll..,,... 1. a Peterboroughslip was ■'" formerlj of the ttftli E, Iment— That they pay £49—15 — ln.lt... lve ' ' :l " ""' ' ' '■'"•' "■ , ' ;1 " ''•>•• ■ ■'■ « ill Appeal i.i last proportion v ' ' ,: ' '• Vl -' oi i-'i. as i.\ S' vote m/i Binge Fitzwilliam fatfrey Maril rough Dublin a Packersfleld pays but £32 13— which ie '"' "■' ' tbirdi i much, oi in other words we pay UT-is tii.i more to ■■•■■■.■■ i . i ■-,„.,. i| mn half they paj -That we in ' -..'.. irSi tha then 1100 poles was return'd in the \n.l that most of the Towns in the Easl Beg was Settl, I !•-«,. I. Wilt. .ii M11-..1, v, i . • , ;, , ■.,„,,,„., ,,,■ feara New-Hampshire 10" 1783 ... Town ..I Ten ..i Twentj one years ol Age pole Tax Taken Sworn to before Franci Inhabitants in 1784.— Th,. follow in 1784: "SamI Howabd "BE.N .: Bl 1. justice of the ]>eace. .iliz.iis r Number- \n l thai there , : wit) Ileal. "ill-.,., Vbbot ('!, llllot- lules a hi. 1 is only ll. .mi. ..I, ren.w their Com lition i, Tliatil, ev, , sidei oui Si we humbi} pray Excellenci v 1I..I,,,. Big, (towi Ne« [DSwich A 11', 1 the 1 totheii foi Number 01 that ' he Divis nent may bi Male N,|| A V0il . Hi.-, as ■ ... , h. n ,.v bound shall p ■ 27-1785. s Stii l ...... .b< Howrd, Ben, .i Vento ..a- Gei-sl 1,"-. Ezra Drurv. Abrahan 1 hi, -in aleb in..-, i rd, rge Conn David 1 me-, Joshua To, mi-. Tl m- M rshall, Jonathan Marsha . all i. Ban roft, John Ball, J ,i Lovejoj Benj an v.th' Ball, Nath" Ball .1'. A - Lowel ', Jacob Lo .11. .I..-.,!, Heal. J', Benj. Cragin Kl.li.,1 .- ■•wet, Nath Ili.d Jewel. Willi. ,„ Jewet, Oliver Whiting, John Andrews. i : nil Fering n, (In- X mark . Samson walker, Levi r. ,, Ret, ini - Heald, Benja Cutti W Ie,. Tho Sen vid Drurj Felt, /. badiah Dinsm, Avery, i.h,, In ry, I lei, simual Buri.ili, Griffin, Jonathi i fors- " Joshua Todd, Caleb Bam i. mi Manser, Benj Cutter, W , Howard, Mos, - Abraham Shelden, Benj- Cra- I ...|.i! lew. . I. | BI i i BI 1.1'." "Voted toanswei Bequest of Joseph Richardsen and ..then, Inhab- itants ol la., borough Relative to their beingannexed te Cemple Pro- vided they will obligate themselves t i , tl bj to involve si Town "> ' ' ..,- annexed or ..n ,\cr^ of Moving the Meetin .. i.... $ 'Temple Ma, T Clerk. COLUSIBIAS LIBRAKT. to thi ' ml < lai Sature- " and your Petit •' Temp] :fl 2 i ■ I us EdVi \l:l>- j Columbian Library was incorporate I The following were residents in 1799: Senate, 1784^-85; judge of the Court of Common ! held numerous offices in town. He was born in Concord, Mass., March 18, 1735 (0. S.), and died in 181 I. As eat ly as January 12, L775,the town sent "about 40 bushels of rye" to " the Poor of yHown of Boston." The following marched to Cambridge on the alarm of April 19, 1775: Jr., Ebe li lair aey, I The follow in- wen Sam We Ezekiel Peter Felt, Caleb Maynard, Da Kath> Barrett, Benjamin Pai Walton, Eliae B03 nton, Jo iah Felt, Eliot Powers, Timothy i Oliver Whiting, John Brown, Patterson, Gidei P 1 Thomas Towns J», David Ti Tli T..«ii CHAPTER II. TEMPLE— {Continued). War of the Revolution— Soldiers Na Francis Bl I— War of the Rebellion— Ecclesiastical History Congregational Church- Baptist I hurcli- I no oali-t I'll 111. -h -1 ..It.-.- Ora.liiat.- 0I.1— 1 a - ti.ry— Familii^— rii>-i. i;m>— I ivil iloti.i v. War of the Revolution.— In the War ofthe Rev- olution Temple responded promptly with nun and means, and the record of the little town during that struggle i- one in which her citizens may justly feel patriotic pride. G il Francis Blood was a prominent man in the town during the Revolution. He was a member ofthe House of Representatives in 1777, and on Sep- tember 27th of that year was appointed commissary to attend a guard sent to conduct prisoners of war to Portsmouth. He was appointed January 27, 1781, one of the two "collector-generals of beef" for the army; member of the Council in 1784. and ofthe Bunker Hi iredeen, Peter 1 hn Hillsgrove.i The followim; belonged to ihe two in 1 775 : .Ciiathaii Av.i v. s.a]] i ,,1,1.. s 1 ,.1,1,, loni.l 1. a. 1 1 1. 'i. E 1 lalo, J. ieph Kidder, lw. 1-. .1..-, |.h l.'n lianl-..n, sil.. I.'i. I. Sli.klirv, llriiji 1 s Todd, Peter « heeler, David Townsend, z. i * ■ The following were in Captain Ezra. Towi pany : iter Davis, Z iwers, Gideon Smith, John Si lei Vvery, Jonathan Avi John Hillsgn.v.. 'I'll.. 1, no falt.rs. William MaiiMii. ,l..lm Mattlirv, The following marched to baratog Drury's company, in September, 1777 : el Bredeen, Zedekiah Drurj Hutchinson, V\ ildei Kidder, iln Smith, K. Miller, Samuel Captain 11, v. /. Drary, Holt, Samuel tinsi e, Cap- ahsent The following wentto Rhode Island: twenty-three days: 1, ..,.], „, |. mt, Iiolii.'1-t I'l.l.li. 1. .1 , — 1 .1 1 Kiililfl', [lani.-l H.-al.l. oi.l.a.li ]..,,.. ,... I' -or-, .li.-lma l'.,-T. 1, .l.i-lnia Ul. lial.U..n. S. U. Sti.kll.i.., 1 I . |. M.. 0I1, ill. 1'.. in...... Samui 1 W In '■!•■!. .lai"' ■ !'• .'■ s a'lia 1 -!"«' ". Josiali Stone. Sil n .11 men, as follows, " marched on the alarm at i loos, at ye time Royalston was burnt: " . IV, William Unity, At let H..II, Siilnil.'l II. .It. Caul Sriek- nee, Nathaniel Jewett, Francis Cragin, S. R. Stick , S I'arlin, D. Heal'l. Siiii.-..ii 1 ' a liuriiap, Z. Emery, S Walker, four days. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. War of the Rebellion— During the War of the Rebellion Temple responded promptly to the various calls for men, and the n rd of the town through that conflict was an hi 'able one; men and money were promptly furnished. Ecclesiastical History. — It is probable thai was commenced in this town prior to its incorporation. The first minister was Rev. Samuel Webster, ordained October, 1771. He died August 4. 1777. After the death of Mr. Webster, various per- sons filled the pulpit until October, 1782, when Rev. Noah Miles was ordained " in y* new meeting-house not yet finished." He died November 20, 1831. His were as follows: Revs. Leonard Jewett, Walter Foil ett, George Goodyear, George Williams, Isaiah P. Smith, Royal Parkinson, S. D. Clark, W. L.S.Clark, J. S. Bassett, John W.Haley, John Mellish. An Universalist Church was formed here in 1832, under the name of the Union Society, and the distinguished Hosea Ballou was the first pastor. A church edifice was erected - i after. Glass-Factory.— Mr. Blood, in his " History of Temple," says : "Strange as it may seem to us, there is little doubt that the first American manufactory of -lass W as erected in the town of Temple." The builder and owner was Robert Hewes, who was born in Boston in 1751. He was a "celebrated hone- setter and fencing-master." The factory was sixty- five feci square. It was started in 1780. Families. — The following family names, identified with the history of the town, are taken from Blood's " History of Temple . " Ball, Barkei Bio I Bi ntoii Captain Elias Boynton was in the battle of Bunker Hilli. r.i..\vn. Cm nap, i ' in--. K.lwai.N Captain Kl. ' •■/. i IMwards was with the company ol the Art. m Miiiui. M. :i al I Bri Ige, ' when they met the British), Kar- en Felt, 1'i-k. Fosti i, Gardni i. Heald o.u rous familj ; Peter Heald, i ■•'•■! H.ali! t.imiiy, v I,, born in Tem- II. m I. ."- .!.■«. -II. k.-M -. Ki.l.l. a, kn.u-l.i in. M:i-mm. m.i. Mill i e. ii. :, i . . i . . Piper, Powers, Pr.itt. S.-uilr, Shatlurk, Sli.Twiii.s,,,, |,i,„_ S|„, M ,„,| Walton, Wheeler, w hytynge, and w hiting Physicians.— The earliest physicians in Temple were Drs. Silas Durkee, Brown and Taylor. Dr. James Crombie located here in 1798, and remained until 1820. Other physicians have been Drs. - Fobes, S, Cumings, Nathan Jones, A. 11. Wilder, Raymond, Nathaniel Kingsbury, 1). S. Prescott, G. A. Phelps, Henry J. Young and J. M. Bl 1. There is no resident physician in the town tit the present Schools. — The first reference to educational mat- ters is under date of March 4, 1771, when it was " Voted to have schooling and voted to raise £8 L. M. for schooling." From that early day to the present time Temple has kept abreast with the rapid stride of educational progress. The hist appropriation for support of schools was seven hundred dollars. The present Board of F.dueation is tis follows: Wheeler, Charles E. Rockwood, A. B. Davidson, J. 0. Whitcomb, Thomas Derbyshire. Civil History.— The following is a list of repre- sentatives from 1776 to the present time: I' ■■"■ it Bl i 1776 to 178 '.. Thomas w. Smith I : ' .. 1784, -... '86 90, i-.. u i, n Benjamin Cragin, 1788. AMjab w heeler, 1794. E , ; Cutt ]S , 4 .^ .- 7 : " ; ' : ' 7 ' "'■'*. IS "°. Danii-IFelt 1865 '"■ IIJ '"" :; ''"''"'■ ""■ " T ""■ (Nocho i- Jamee Killam, 1859 .hum- kill Havi.1 I'.ttt. James Crulnliir. lsli.. A 1'UIlllllillg-, ISls, in, _',', . I Jesse Spofford, 1822 '23 David Stiles, 1825, .... 27 I cm. i. w inn,,;;. i.y;-j-r.:;. Elbridge Cutter, 1866. !;. v i .. """"" >''"'" ''- s i -"• '■" SI' MoeesM. Baloh, 1869. ■- Isaiah Wheeler, 1870, '71, '72. Nil "" < " " , "- •'' - '- ;; - ■'■'• FreemanJ. Holt, 1873, '74. ' ' '' rge E. . .11. in Supply W. Edward 1838 '" Charles K. Colburn Nathan klliiJ.iltv. 1-41. I-. ..!.- M ll.aM. lssa. -si. TnW N i I I ill.- FROM 1768 TO 1886. Nathan I ',.11.111 n , J] I- ■ '40, '41, '42, '58, .'. lid i-l, II. '45, '46, '47, '48, '49, '60, '51, ;..-, ..". 70 Samuel Howar , , ... Daniel Searle, 1802-20. Xathan \VI.,.,|.i , l-_i> jl. :j. '26, '26, '27 David Stiles, 1823,'24. Ml.'.;... v.. BI< (GRAPHICAL SKETCH. M Llnll SUPPLY V7. EDWARDS. Maim Supply W. Edwards is the fifth child of Nathaniel and Sarah (Wilson) Edwards and was born in the town of Temple, X. H., April 9, 1817. His grandfather, Captain Ebene/.er Edwards, was horn in Acton, Mass.. March '2.'<. 1737. He was a member of the V-toii Company of Minute-men under com- mand >ii Captain Davis, and did service during the War of the Revolution. He was on Dorchester Heights at the sice.,' of I'.oston, and after the evacua- tion of that city worked as a carpenter on the fortifi- cation of the harbor, at the same time doing military duty. He removed to what is now Sharon, in 1777, and to Temple, X. 1! , in 1780. About 1786 he built what is now known as the " General Miller House," and resided there until about 1819. He was a man of character and importance in the town, and the records show that he held all the principal ollices in its gift. He was twice married, first to Lucy Wheeler, of Lincoln, Mass. They had eleven children; she died November 20, L800. His second wife was Mary Flint, also of Lincoln. Mass. She bore him four chil- dren,— Captain Edwards died March 21, 1826. Na- thaniel, his fourth child, was horn May 26, 1785. He 677 married June 10, 1808, .Sarah Wilson, of New Ipswich. Their children were Sarah, Mary, Abby, Susan W., Supply W., Elizabeth, Nathaniel I', and Charles W. Major Supply W. Edwards had no advantages for education in his youth beyond what the public school of his native town could furnish, and his attendance to this was limited to the winter terms. Being one of a somewhat numerous family, in moderate circum- stances in life, he was taught to labor as s l as his growing strength could make his services of anj value. As soon as he was of sufficient age he learned the trade of stone-masonry, and this he has made the principal occupation of his life. He made it a rule at the beginning to do whatever he undertook con- scientiously and well, and to that rule he has adhered through life ; and to this may be attributed the suc- cess he has attained. His work may he seen in his own and all the surrounding towns and villages. In addition to his work at masonry, he purchased a farm near his grandfather's old homestead, and has carried on tanning quite extensively and with marked success. His farm buildings are among the best in the county. He married, December Id, 1840, Elizabeth Winn. She was born August 2, L820. Their children are John Wheeler, born Maj 28,1844; Charles Warren, born January 12, 1847; ! the hear". Sugar, Burnt, Rattlesnake, Craney, Hogback, Chevey, Mine. Toby, Odiorne, Boar's Head, Barnard and Raymond cliff. Two rivers flow through the town, — the Piscataquog and Middle Branch. The Indians gave the aame to the first, ami it is from Pos (great), attuck (a deer) and quoag (a place), meaning " grea i deer place," or " a place of many deer." The correct spelling of the word i- " 1'oseattaipioag." In Deering the stream is sometimes called Nomkeag from Namaos (a fish) 'ill keag (a place), meaning "fish place." Twenty-nine brooks enter these two rivers. — Cram. Ferrin, Lily-pond, Emmons, Eight-Loads Meadow, Currier, Peacock, Meadow, the Otter, Huse, Alex- ander, Bassett, Choate, Felch. Cilley, Bog, Chase, Huntington, Trinity, Getchel, Breed, Half-Moon -Meadow, Center, Dustin, Thorndike, Putney, John- son, J ludh-y and Hadlock. There are three considerable ponds, — Ferrin. Duck and Mt. William. The latter contains one hundred and twenty-eight acre- and is forty feet deep. Geology.— The oldest rock in Weare is porphyritic gneiss. It forms what were once two islands standing out of the sea, — North Weare and Raymond cliff Lake gneiss abounds in the northwest part of the town, als.i near Clinton (irovc, Mt. Dearborn, Odiorne Hill and the east base of Mt. Misery. Mica schist forms Rattlesnake Hill ; there is an outcrop of it two miles north of Clinton Grove; also near Mt. Misery and Odiorne Hill. Ferruginous schist is found on the summit of Mt. Wallingford and throughout the west part of the town. It reddens the mica schist rocks. Fihrolite schist makes the top of Mt. Misery. Rock- ingham schist forms the huge masses of Mts. Wal- lingford and William, and it rests upon the lake gneiss underneath. Mont Alban rocks are on the Kun- canowet Hills. Steatite or soapstone crops out on the east slope of Mt. -Misery. Crystallized radiated bunches of talc are disseminated through the Boap- stone and with it are minute bits of pyrrhotite, arsi Qopyrite, asbestos and crystals of feldspar. There are many remains of the glacial period to be seen in Weare. Stria' are on all the rocks. Lenticular hills abound in the southwest part of the town. Boulders by the thousands are strewn thick on the land. The Elephant boulder on Mt. Wallingford, the Trav- eler and the Dolmen on Barnard Hill, are curiosities; some of them will weigh two thousand tons or more each. Embossed rocks {Roches Moutenes) arc abund- ant. Precipices on the southeast slopes of the hills show where the ice fell down like an avalanche. Ter- races made of the material ground up by the ice sheet are in the river-valleys. Kettle-holes are common in the great beds of drift, and pot-holes worn in the solid rock are high up on tin' hills. Flora — There are thirty-eight native trees.— white pin.', pitch pine, red pine, black spruce, balsam fir, hemlock, larch, red cedar, arbor vitas white maple, red maple, rock maple, striped maple, beech, black birch, yellow birch, white birch, gray birch, white oak, red oak, chestnut oak, scrub oak. chestnut, elm, butternut, walnut, hickory, basswood, white ash, brown ash, leverw 1, ironw 1, poplar, white pop- lar, willow, black cherry, buttonwood. Eleven or more foreign ones have been introduced. — Lombard}- poplar, locust, horse chestnut, balm of Gilead, thorn. WEARE. quince, apple, pear, peach, plum ami cherry. There are a great number of shrubs and a multitude of other plants. Fauna. — In early times moose, deer, panthers, wolves and bears were very plenty. These have dis- appeared. Wolves at times were a meat pest; the Stat.' uttered large humifies lor their heads, and Weare in 1780 was so much troubled with them that it was proposed to offer an additional bounty for their de- struction. The otter, hedgehog, raccoon, with its cunning, half-human face ; rabbit, two kinds; red fox, black fox, woodchuck, skunk, musquash, mink, stoat, weasel, squirrel, four kinds ; hat, mole, rat and mouse now abound. Two or three kinds of wildcats occa- sionally visit the town. Indians.— The valley ,,t' the Piscataquog was a noted hunting-ground for the Indians. It was their great place for deer. The tribe who occupied all this region was the Nipmuck, a name derived from nipe (still water) and auke (a place), the letter " m " thrown in for sound, and meaning " Fresh-water Indians." They were divided into numerous clans, each clan bearing the name of the particular place where it happened to live. The Indians built their wigwams on the meadows by the streams, where they could plant, hunt and fish. Many of their stone implements have been picked up by the farmers. Moses A. Hodgdon found several arrow-heads on his farm at the fork of the Peacock ; they were of a light slate color; he also found a mortar pestle or stone to dress hides and some stone axes. Mr. (Jove, who lives near by him, found a few arrow-heads. Thomas and John Follansbee, on their farm by the Piscataquog, found a stone-knife, spear-heads, a skinning-stone, a mortar of stone in which they pounded their corn, and on an intervale several old fire-places, paved with stone. The Felches found a -tone axe near Hogback Hill. In the time of King < reorge's War. 1744-47, Timothy Corliss, a hunter from Haverhill. Mass., had his camp on the meadows of the Peacock. A party of Indians, who were prowling about the border settle- ments, found, captured and carried him away to Canada. He came back after the war was over and eventually settled in Weare. Explorations. — The first white men to visit Weare were, no doubt, hunters and trappers. Captives taken by the Indians may have journeyed through the land. During the Three Years or Lovewell War, Massachu- setts offered a bounty of one hundred pounds f< >r every Indian scalp brought in. There is a tradition that Captain John Lovewell, the celebrated Indian fighter, marched through our town with a part)' of scouts, killing a black moose on the way. and went as far as Mount Lovell, said to have been named for him in Washington. This was in 1723. He, with his men, afterwards killed ten Indians in the night, by a small pond in Wakefield, getting a thousand pounds for their scalps, and was himself killed by Paugus and his braves at Lovewell Pond, in Krvelmrg, .Me. Lovewell's great success roused others to hunt the Indians, and no less than seventeen seouting-parties went marching through these northern \\ Is. Captain Daniel Pecker was captain of one of these, and, as tie and his company are the first recorded white men whoever set to,,t in Weare, we shall give his "Scout Journal" in full. The company was raised in Haverhill, .Mass., and the following i- the journal of its inarch : ■CUT. I'E'Kia: S Jol UNAL. IiEC. 12, ' i« written uii tf. [The i 'A ourual . -f ii i v pi .lm-~ n> mi Seen. I M.u.ii aft. a "172.;. Nov"' 33.— Victualed part of my Company— "24. — Sabbath day — ' 2.V \ i. in il. .I 1 1 tli.. [■ part of my Men— "2(i.— Marched from Haverhill— Westward 11 mil — "27. — Mar.he.l further Westward— 12 miles— "28 -We got to Dunstable— 8 miles— Thanksgiving Day— "29. — Lay by, by reason ofbad Weather — "30.— Marched t.. Nashua River,— 8 mile — "Dec : I. — Marched up to Pennechuck Brook al t North\ 'I ■ 1 ..I. ..lit \ : W: up I.. S.. uli. -an ,t ... I'l-nl the [tiler.— ■'.:. — Mar.he.l l.v rnheiiotiuek hilt. — 14 Miles— ■■ ! —Steering Northward to ;. at Mountain & 50 sent .mi a Scout t... the hill to see w hat thev eoul.l Discover, heme S miles— "5.— Steering about North ,t by East up to Poscaiia.pi crossed Said River,— 12 Miles— "i;,— Sr.-eiine. aliout N : E : over another pint .1 I'.-'io.... I: at...ut hi n e|,„ k, I s.-ni la-hf M mi. mi. I.u (lie e, .nnna u.l . .1 .1 .,,,;. than Ki.l.in. up !.. C, .Ii I... ..■'... h I in. r .V e. [.-turn tin thirl .|a\ t. . in- ill Su.u- cok Itiver. and then w.-nt with the r.-st . .f m> i' j \ ... I'.l.ek 1: '. -14 Miles— "7 .vs. — lav son by reason ofbad Weather- Man I..-.I i 1!.J. In ■■■.. I ■ i. e M.i I. It h .■ i , agai list sun k. being a Stormy l'ay ..f Su..\\. the seout returning to me at nielit. ,\ loll me they h. el inarehe.t up I., sum. ..I Ii..' Southerly Bran- ch. ■-•■! ' , I. Itiei'i if - & Discovered Nothing— " Man heil troiu Aiinah....ks,.t hill, t lost M en imaek Iti\ . I ■. - -i .. ing a smith Easterly Course, Starched to Great Massapisset pond, — 16 ■■11 —Mar. he. I from Mas-apis-et p.. ml to the N.atliniu -t part "I ' he- shin ,—16 miles— •■ 12.— Marched from thence t.. Haverhill,- '■ Daniel Ii ckeb ' Grants.— Previous to 1740 all the territory west of the Merrimack Liver was claimed h\ Massachusetts. New Hampshire also laid claim toa partofit, .and the case having gone on lor a long time, Massachusetts Le- gal] to think she might he beaten, and, to give her citizen- the profit that might arise from the sale of the lands, til, out 1725 began to make grants. She tried to hide her avarice by a show of patriotism, and on the pretense that she needed a line of towns on the iron- tier to k.cp out the French and Indians, laid out and gave grants of a double row of nine towns from the Merrimack to the Connecticut, and four more towns on the ea-t side of the latter stream. Then she voted nine towns as a bounty to the heirs of the men who fought in tin- Indian War with King Philip in 1675, and these were known as the nine Narraganset towns, hut only seven of them were laid 630 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. To reward the men who went with Sir William Phips, in 1690, to fight the French and Indians in Canada, a score or so of towns were granted, called Canada townships, one of which was our town of Weare. Those in New Hampshire were known as Canada to Beverly, Weare; Canada to Dautzick, Bow; Canada to Salem, Lyndeborough ; Canada to [pswich, New Ipswich ; Canada to Harwood, Peter- borough ; < lanada to Sj Ivester, Richmond ; ( lanada to Rowley, Rindge ; and Canada to Baker or Stevens, Salisbury. Weare was granted to Captain William Rayinent and company, on the petition of Colonel Robert Hale and others, by the General Court of Massachusetts, May, 1735. The grantees had live years to settle the town; each one was to build a house on his re- io1 or share, eighteen feel square ami seven feet stud, plow and bring to English grass tit for mowing six acres of land, settle a learned orthodox minister, build a convenient meeting-house for the public worship of Cud. and eaeh was to give a bond of twenty pounds to do these things. The town was to he laid out at once at the charge of the province. Colonel Hale and John Wainright were a committee to do this, and William Gregg, of Londonderry, sur- veyor, with Isaac Gray and Jeremiah Butman as chainmen, went to Weare and did it. They made a plot of the town and returned it witli a short descrip- tion under oath February 17, 1736. The town was divided into shares, many sales were made and, that the deeds might he properly recorded, "the township granted to Captain Raymenl and company," with other townships near by, were de- clared to he a pari of the county of Middlesex, in the province of Massachusetts. This act was passed February 2, 1 7: : 7 . Man) deeds of lands in Weare are recorded in the registry of that county. What these proprietors ever did towards the settlement of tin- town we have never been able to learn. Halestown was the first name of Weare, so called from Colonel Robert Hale; "to Beverly " appears as it- name on Thomas Jaffrey's map of New England, and this name was given because most of the grantees resided in Beverly. " Beverly-Canada," or "( lanada to Beverly" were other names tor Weare, which are found in "Douglass' Summary," written in 1746-49. The settlement of the line in 1740 between the two provinces, located our town in New Hampshire, and the Masonian proprietors, who had bought out Robert Tufton Mason, granted it September 20, 1749. to [chabod Robie and seventy-nine others. " Robie's town" wis, more or less, the fifth name lor Weave loi i lie next fifteen j ears. Bj tle> term- of the grant thirty families should be settled on said grant in tour years, having a house, sixteen feet square or more, and three acres of land cleared and fitted for mowing and tillage. Ten families more should be settled in town in the next two years. A meeting-house for the public worship of Cod should be built in six years ami constant preaching maintained alter twelve wars. A good saw-mill should lie built and all wdiite pine trees fit for masting the royal navy should be reserved to his majestj '.- use forever. If these things ami -ome others an- col done ill times specified the grant shall be forfeited, but if an Indian war should break out the linn the war lasted was not to run. Settlement. — The proprietors went to work at once to comply with the terms of the grant. They laid out the town into lots ami divided them ; they cut out a way to the Centre Square and built a bridge over the Piscataquog. Then they built two log cabins ami hired two men to go and live in them ; the men never went, but in 17">0 they succeeded in getting one man to move into town. Nathaniel Martin was the first white settler ot Weare. He was from Bedford and had married the daughter of Colonel John ( lotte, one of the proprietors who probably got him to move into town. Hesettled on the east bank id' the Piscataquog, about fifteen rods from the river and one and one half miles above the present Oil-Mill Village. He built the first saw- mill at the latter place about 1760. John Jewell, from < >ld Derryfield, now Manchester, was i he second settler, lie moved into town in May, 1751 and built bis cabin in South Weare. The place where it stood is still pointed out. It was on the north side of the present road from Oil-Mill Village to Dearborn's tavern and about one fourth mile from the latter place. Hi- sons, John Jewell, Jr., and Jacob Jewell, came to Weare with him. His daughter was the bride of the first wedding in town and they had a wedding lea-! consisting of' bear's steaks and Jofhain beans. A wild bear from the woods was killed for the occasion and the beans were procured from Jotham Tuttle, hence the name Jotham bean-. Thomas Worthley was the third settler, lie was originally from Bedford, hut came to Weare from GofTstOWI] October, 1751. lie settled on the west bank of the Otter near a cold spring and a few- rods east of the north road from Oil-mill to South Weare. His old cellar is yet plain to be seen, and his wife'- grave, paved with white pebbles, is near by. By bis cabin was an open meadow, where ome was a beaver's pond, ami from it he got wild grass for his siock. His sons,— Timothy, Jr., Jonathan and Thomas, — came to Weare with him, and one of his daughters married Jotham Tuttle, who found the beans for Miss Jewell's wedding. Moses Quimby was the fourth settler. He came from Derryfield to South Weare and built his house near when the meeting-house now stands about April 8, \l'rl. He was born in what is now Danville (for- merly llawke). Timothy Corliss, originally from Haverhill, Mass., came from Bedford about December 6, 1753 and sat down in South Weare near where stands the present church. He was the father of Timothy, Jr., who was carried away bj the [udiatis during King George's War; and the smi probably came to Weare al the same time ami they lived together. William Quimby came from Derryfield to Weare late in the year L753 and settled in Smith Weare .'..nil one-half mile south of the church. 'ih. se were all who came in the Erst four year-, and the grant would have been forfeited had not the old French and Indian War..- letimes called the Seven Years War. broke out. The exception in their grant of an Indian war saved them. While the war was iroing mi new settlers were lew and tar between, hut the following came on or about the dates named : Aaron Quimby, L754 Jeremiah r..ih--, i;.; < -..i.-i. lanei.v. lTr.s ; J.. than) Tllttle, 17.V.P; IS, .ml I,itll,\ 17.~i!i ; Joshua Maxfielil, 17r.ll ; Joshua Corliss, 1760 Caleb Uwood, 17 nines E reon, 1761. Mary Corliss, born June 2, L759, daughter oi Jere- miah t 'orliss, was the first white child of Weare. Miss Lydia Jewell, daughter of John Jewell, and were the first couple married. Abigail ( 'orliss, wife of Joshua Corliss, decea ed March 17, 1763, was the first one who died. When the war was over then the tide of immigra- tion flowed faster and these settled about the dates given : Stephen Elners.iii, I7i.j ; sti'l'lnn 1 jm r-.ni, .h., 17'1'J; Mn-r- Oil.\ Saw-Mill.— The proprietors, March l(i, L752, voted to build a saw-mill on the twenty acres of land set apart tor that purpose, and Moses Blake took the contract to do the work and put in a strong dam lor seven hundred pounds old tenor. The proprietors were to find the mill irons, saw and all time, to fit the mill for work. It was built on the Piscataquog, a shortdistano aboveEast Weare. where Unlit, Peaalee's mill now stands. At this place there is almost a natural dam across the stream. At a proprietors' meeting. held < telwbcr 24, 17-"'2, Blake reported that lie had 'jot l lie mill done ami Mm-. - Wadleigh, the man t ln\ had chosen to judge of that fact, said lie had helped build it in the tw ■ three months just past anil that it was done in all things. This was such good news that they VOti d t.. pay Blake and not hold him to do any more work. It was good luck for the contractor licit he bad the work done and the money in his pocket. In a very short time there came an immense freshel which swept the dam and mill away. When the waters subsided some one gathered up the mill irons and hid them under a great pine log on the hank of tin- stream. Robert Peaslee found them there more than three-fourths ofa century afterwards. 1828. The Old French War.— Many of the settler., of Weare were nut iii iheold French war, some of the early ones going from Weare and others from the towns where the} lived before they c i to Weare. Their name- are ; Captain N'athi Martin n.n Id n Ebi u . • Sim i> r. Joshua i oi , -i, | . i L . r i e. ..I-. , .i.ih ii Wnithley, .lereiniahCorlia , Jacob Jewi 11, l i i ' |. ni, \ -ii u. .al., M I In-. William Darling, John Darlin I u i ) 1 h W orlhl. j I oi ... Im Ordway, I' I I men in, Cat. Emery, Boi Littl B Vye Eaton, tman. Meeting-House.— We are not certain al t the time the first meeting-house was built. There was one in South Weare about 1768, and we think the proprietors must have built it several years before that date to fulfill the c litions of their grant. Ii stood at the fork of the roads about one half mile west ol lie- present cliureh, south side of the I leering road and wes! of that I,, New Boston. Jacob Jewell probably gave the land on which it stood. It was never completed, but both religious and town-meet- ings were held ill it. The A ntipado-l'.apt ist Cliureh claimed to own it and afterwards sold it. Incorporation. — The town thus far bad not been incorporated, no town-meetings had been held, no taxes raised, no highways laid out and no bridges built. These things were sadly needed, and so they gut up the following petition : "PETITION of INHABITANTS "1- HALE'S TOWN, SOW WEARE. Provlnci "I 1 To his Excellency Bening Wintworth, Esq' \.-w Hampshire. [Capl General ..ml Governo) and commander-in- Chiei hi .eel ...... iiu- in- Majesty's Proi New HampBhier, tjie 'tli,. Ii iiiii I.I.. felt I lii. n ..I lie I ii lull il III 111-', it 1 1 nit 'I'm. I ..I l.i I i.l klli.v'.li i,\ ii,, ,,. i Hails Town, otherwise called Col Wearee Town, Hum- bly sliru i r It : [mmunitye I '■' ' ' ■'■ '. - '" ' " I'im m .. .""i >..in c itilinuers, as in ■ ■ \, :l Heath, Stephen George, Caleb Emory, T] as Worthly, Na- thaniel i'.. Oi-. John Mud . •. ' n miah I orlh . Fai o linbe w,ih. .ni llui. i i men, Stephen |, ,.,,,, Stephen Emerson, Jr., Benonj Coben, Bond Little, Jacob Jewell, Mm. I. ..in Johnson, Jonathan Atw I.John Simons, William Darling." Helming Wentworth, Governor of the Province, w ith the advice and consent of his council, on the 21st day of September, 1764, issued an order, often called a charter, wherebj the inhabitants of " Hailes Town," as they called it, wen- "ereeted and Encorpo- into a township with town privih . I lie do ni c scited the hounds making thi town six miles square; annexed a slip of land mi the south long and one mile wide Masonian proprietors and often called lie named the town Weare; gave the inhabitants all the .limit. , privileges, immunities and fran- . h other town- enjoy; reserved all white HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. pine tnes tit for masting the royal navy, and also the right to divide the territory of the town; promised that private property should be held inviolate bj the owners; that they should choose their own "Hirers and transact their own town business; appointed John Goffe, Esq., to call the first town-meeting and preside therein, and declared that hereafter the an- nual town-meetings should lie held mi the second Tuesday .if March. First Town-Meeting— Colonel John Goffe .ailed the first town-meeting September 28, 17H4. It was held at tin' inn of Lieutenant Jeremiah Allen or Tuesday, October 9, 17<;4. John Goffe presided. •• Voted, to Except On- Charter. '- Voted thai tl • i i I bj Powl. " The - i n that sl.all-1.- ■ - »■ . --.-.. the v-ai -sli.illli.iv- n.iallr.uan. -.-■ fur tlu-il- lali.u Kxeept 'hal --S Inn n Ijv tin- 'I'uwii. " i hose Jeremiah Corliss, Town Clark ; Capl Natl i.-l Martin, John Mi : M - ■ ..mi ml..-, .l-e iiii.il, r..,li- ...,.l \i.... - Oil- Selecl n: e; Abraham Johnson, Asa Heath, Hog Reafs; Na- for pr ihing; Forty-Eight |«.im.ls old Tenor foi ■ - ..ml Charges in Gitting thi Chartei . Eighteen ■ Cornel Goffe's Trouble for Swaring theoffi. ere a. ..I '■ A I 111- Kl-C'-TiI l.v in-, First Inventory.— Aaron Quimbe at once took the invoice. The citizens were thus taxed: .i « ,i .lain.s Emerson 6 10 Jonathan Cle nt 12 16 Ezra Clement 6 10 Jotham Tuttle 7 In u Stephen George - ,, ,, 1 1- ...- Worthley i. .. . Jonathan Atwood In .; Caleb Am I II .. .. .1. -i. ill Brown Stephen E -son 24 IT si-|.li-ii I-: isnii, ,lr - Mosea Gille 1.-, i,, u ia|.|..in N.il li.ini-l Miirlin 17 Ben '..I. in ii 6 i> " alosee Huse g ],, ,, JoshuaCorlles 9 n (l Nallialil-1 C, i-lJ-5 ; ,, ,, Caleb Km. -iv 6 ii ii Timothy Corliss g l„ ,, Timothy c.ill-.li II |,, ,, Jeremiah Colles 11 pj Joshua Martin 1 (l n Thomas Worthly I,; | Pi ..-tin William I'.etin 1:; 4 .l.-I-iiiiali AH. -n. K<.j ] ;. j JohnJewoll 19 14 -, M '.'■ 1- I j ,, Samuel Nut 9 10 .1 1 Dicke ,-, ,, i, John Mudget 9 | A-.. Heath 9 - 1 " 11 " s ' - 8 William Hutchins ., ,, ,, r Bayly ._, (( l( [nsine .1... .-I. Jewell - I George Little • • j , 3 , Second Town-Meeting.— The next town-meeting was held March 12, 1765, at Jeremiah Allen's inn. The town otricers were chosen by "hand votes," and th.v w.-ie to have no pay for their labor except the charges "borne" by the town. Voted to build a pound ; that Insign Jacob Jewell and Asa Heath be deer keepers; thai Jonathan Clement should keep the charter; that eighty pounds, old tenor, should be raised for [.reaching, which should he at the house oi Esquire Allen; fifty pounds to defray town charges. From 1764 to the present time Weare has never failed to hold its annual town-meeting. First Church.— The vote of eighty pounds t.. pay for preaching brought many preachers to Weare. In 1766 Samuel Haven, of Portsmouth ; John Strick- land, of Andover ; John Houston, of Bedford ; and David Met rregor, of Londonderry, were each paid one pound four shillings for preaching. Elders Samuel Hovey and Hezekiah Smith preached in South Weare several times during the two years previous to April 19, 1768, and Elder Pelatiah Tingley came to town January '.'. that year. "God was pleased," says the church record, "to follow with his blessing," and on said April 19 the Antipaedo-Baptist Church of Christ was gathered. They adopted a Covenant which had for its principal planks, first, the doctrine of election. "That all y e Elect were personally chosen in Christ before y" Foundation of the world;" second, that once elected always elected, no matter what they might do; they said distinctly the elect " can neither totally nor finally fall Irom the state of grace, but shall certainly I.,- kept by the power ..f God and I..- eter- nally Saved," and third, that the wicked or non- elect shall he turned into hell to experience misery and torments through all eternity. These were sweet mild doctrines full of God's love. Tl riginal members who signed the covenant mi.: Caleb Atwood. John Simons. Ebenezer Bayley, Elizabeth Atwood. John Ardway, Enoch Jew.l. John Mudget, William Hutchens, Abigail Hutch, ns, Sarah Mudget, Mehitable Ardway, John Jewel, .Mary Corlis, Louis Corlis, Betty Simons, Ruth Little. The above signed their names with their own hands, and the following had their names written after- wards : Nathaniel Corlis, Mehitable Bailey, Molly Corlis, Jr., Jonathan Atwood, John Jewel, Jr., Ham. ah Jewel, Dorothy Atwood, Martha Jewell. Joseph George. These, with the first-mentioned, woe bap- tized and received. The I. .If .wing were received by the laying-. .11 of hands ; Pelatiah Tingley, Jacob Jewel, Joshua Corlis Samuel Bailey and John Mudgit. WEARE. This was the second Baptist Church formed in New Hampshire, the first being at Newton, formed in 1755. Eldei Pelatiah Tingley was the first minister, but tie was not settled. It was voted, at a meeting held in July, 176S, to notify the selectmen that they had given Mr. Tingley an unanimous call, " in order that they might have opportunity to do as the Lord might direct them about it." August 23, they met to consult about the settle- ment, and "On Account of Some unsatisfactorious- ness in Mr. Tingley's mind (& perhaps some others) it was concluded this Day to determine >" .Matter for y e Present by Lot, Accordinly alter Prayer & a public Discourse «>n y e peaceable Kingdom of Christ & of y* Nature of Casting Lots & in a Solemn Manner :ommending the Decision of y Matter to y c ' Lord proceeded to draw: And y° Lot fell not to settle now on y present invitation of y e Church." Elders Hezekiah Smith, Shepard, Greenleaf and Hovey also preached with this church at intervals till 1773. The church did not get along very harmoniously; one-half of it was generally engaged in disciplining the other half. 1, otters of admonishment were plenty. Brother Enoch Jewell, who had been admonished November 17, 1769, met with the church August 3, 1770, and after prayer " Confised he had Dune rouge to the Caus of Christ in Commiting forniflcation and Such like sins and Desierd for giveness of the Chh and to be recvied in to you en again which thing was granted to him." August 24, 177H. tin church heard the charge brought by Sister Mehetabel Bayley that she had seen " Sume of the other Sisters Do & She thought it was not Lawful to Do which was this putting Linnen and wooling yarn together. She was affrade they put too much of it together." The church found she had not eommeneed tin- action rightly and dismissed ii. Brother Caleb Atwood was admonished fir "gaging Joseph Qui mbe maier." He confessed and was re- stored. Sister Ordway had brother Joseph Webster up. Webster had charged brother John Worth with "Saying that if Sinners would do what the} Id they would have an Esier place in hell than in a Chh meeting" in Smith Weare. The church found then did Ilot hear him say any such thing. But soon a great schism arose. The point on which they split was "whether ministers should exhort sinners to repentence, or should simply tell them God's law. and then leave them to God." Brother Joseph Corles maintained the latter, "hut it served to be to mi porpurces." Elder Samuel Hovey held another way. They had a. great council to consider the matter. Four ministers and three deacons from abroad were present and debated the point. The\ made a report which did no good. August 1, 177:;, Elder limey preached his mind, and then the -term burst. They held a incline. g i mad, adjourned, and so full of pious wrath were they that they did not meet again fur eight years. Schools.- -The first effort made by the town for a public school was in 1769. At the annual town meeting held March 14th, " Vnliil to raise money for Schooling, and voted to the Nigitive." But, before the meeting was dismissed, they " Voted to Reconsider the Vot that was to Raise money for Scoling, and Voted to the Negitive, and Voted five pounds Law- ful monej for Scl ling to aier a scoll da ." The next year, 1770. nothing was dune at the an- nual meeting for schools; but, August 161 h, " by Vert} of a pettion from a number of Signers to See if the town will Raise money to hier Scholing this year," the selectmen called a town-meeting to be held Aug- ust 30th, when it was " Voted to Raise money for Scoling." " Voted to Raise fifteen pounds for Schill- ing." " Voted to divide the money into destriets." In 1771, thirty-five dollars were raised for school- In 1772, fifty dollars; thii ivided as folio "paid to the d rtrict bv Capl Awoode :'• 3 paid i" tin- new Boston Rode 1 ■1 paid to the oting R 1 1 17 ; , 1 to I'll ill., i .- Road 1 II : paid in rediah low l"i i In' north Road 1 17 e paid i" .!■ diah i.iw for theSenter Road 2 16 : Paid Belecl ii ii foi going aftei a gri arSi hool mas- tei and gi 1 ing lei., ,i| rabated 1 1 U paid i" Doi tor ',.-•' !..! I.e. II,- lie' Oh. Hie ,.( 1 le ji.inni.i School I' 1. | paid the Select I, n lur IloMitej. I lie Si'llenl in :y into deBtricts 5 1 In 177:'. and 1774 money was raised for schooling: hut in 1775, after the war began, voted June 19th, "to Drop the Chooling for the present." Nothing more was done for schools till 17711, when it was voted to raise three hundred pounds, and "all Delinquent Destriets Neglect or refuse to hire masters or mis- tresses, their proportion of School money shall he turned into the town Stock." Schools were kept this year; for we find that, in 1780, the town " Voted that the mountain Destrict and the Destrict by Caldwell Shall Draw theire Proportion of School money for the year 1779." Then there were no schools kept till 1785. Sixty pounds, lawful money, were raised that year, and " the selectmen an- to Divide the town into Destriets ami in provide tic Schools." Since 1785, sc! Is have been regularly kept. There was a grammar-school part of the time hold- ing its sessions in different places in town. Often ii was online. 1. and in 1 7-^7 the town was indicted ami tiiied lor its neglect. Soon after this the law compel- ling towns to support a grammar-school was repealed. lie schools at first were kept in the houses or barns of the settlers. In 1789 a low school-houses were built by the districts, and in 1793 the town 684 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. voted to build school-houses in each district by a tax in proportion to the school-tax, and give credit to all who have already built houses. \ committee was chosen in 1806 to divide the town into districts (the selectmen had done it before), and they reported the following: •• \ . \\ Corner.No 1, Pago District, No 2; Shugar Hill, No. 3; School Hill, No I , Hoil No i ttelvin, No 6: Worthlej No : , i apl Hadley, No. 8 ; George, No. 9 Baylej No.10; Hodgdon, No. 11 ; To- l.i. , No 12; C i. No i I New districts were afterwards formed from time to time, till there wore twenty-six of them. In 1853 a committee was chosen to "rebound and make new school-districts;" they acted, reported, and the town accepted the report; then began a fight that lasted several years; dozens of petitions were put in, dozens of votes passed, and but few were sat- isfied. Another committee was chosen to re-district the town in L866. Thej did the work, made a report, the town accepted it, and for years every attempt to alter it "was voted down with a rush." Superintending school-c nittees were first ap- poii I about L829. In 1837 voted that thej should not visit the schools ; in 1847, that they should visit each school twice a war for one dollar a district, and in L850 that they should publish their school-report, and that the town should pay for it. Pine Tree Riot. — The Masonian proprietors, in their grants, and Governor Benning Wentworth, in all In- charters, had a clause reserving to the king all "White Pine Trees" tit for masting the n >\ :i 1 navy. In 17:22 the New Hampshire General Court passed an act making it a penal offence to cut such trees twelve inches or more in diameter, — a law that stood till the time of the Revolution. The tine for cutting a tree twelve inches through was live pounds; twelve to eighteen inches, ten pounds; eighteen to twenty-lour, twenty pounds; and twenty-four and more, fifty pounds; and all lumber made from such trees was forfeited to the king. This law was not popular ; farmers wanted such trees fur their houses, preachers fur their churches and mill owners to saw. In 1771 Governor John Wentworth was appointed " Surveyor of the King's woods." He had many deputies anil tried to enforce the law. They rode about the country, searched the saw-mill yards and if they found any such trees they affixed i he broad " R " mark, libelled and sold them and turned the proceeds into His Majesty's lr.a-ur\. A deputy went to Weare; he found two hundred and seventy logs from seventeen to thirty-six inches in diameter, in Clement's noil yard at Oil Mill village. They were marked, and complaint and warrant made out against Ebenezer Mudget who had got them in. It was put into the bands of Benjamin Whiting, Esq., oi Hollis, sheriff of the county, for service. April 13, 1 77 j, be went with his deputy, Mr. Quigley, of New Boston, to Weare to serve it. Whiting arrested Mud- get, who agreed to give hail in the morning. The sheriff and his deputy then went to Aaron Quimby's inn near by for the night. The news that the sheriff had cum, for Mudget spread over town like wild-fire. Scoi s of men said they would hail him. Thej gut together at his house ami made a plan how to give it. Mudget went to the inn at dawn, woke the sheriff, burst into his room and told him his bail was ready. Whiting jumped out of Led. chid Mudget for coming so early and went to dress. Then more than twenty men rushed in, faces blacked, switches in their hands and went to give hail. Whitingseized his pistols and would have shot some of them, but they took his small guns away and with their rods heat him to their heart's content ; two on a side holding him up from the II • by his arms and legs while the rest crossed out their account of all logs cut. drawn and forfeited upon his hare hack much to his great com fort and de- light. They made him wish he bad never heard of pine trees lit tor masting the royal navy. Quigley, his deputy, showed light ; they had to take up the floor over his head and beat him with long poles thrust down from the garret to capture him, and then they tickled him the same way. Their horses, saddled and bridled, with cars, manes and tailscut and sheared, wereled to thedoor and the a told to mount. They refused ; force was applied ; they got on and rode off down the road while jeers, jokes and shouts rang in their ears. They were mad ; they would give the Weare men a dose of the law; they went to Colonels Moore, of Bedford and Lutwyche, of Merrimack, and from their two regiments got a posse comitatw. This with guns anil swords marched up to Weare ; but the rioters bad tied to the w Is and not a soul of them could be found. But soon after one was caught and put in jail, and the rest gave bail to come to court. At the September Term, 1772, they were indicted, and when brought into court plead " that they would not contend with our lord, the King; but submit to bis < irace." Then the court imposed a fine of twenty shillings with costs and they went free. Meshech Weare, who gave bis name to the town, was one of the judges of the court, and the light tine imposed shows that hedid not like the law any better than the nun who cut the logs. War of the Revolution.— The prohibition to cut pine trees was as much an oppression as the tax on tea, and the Wean- riot was as great a feat as the Bos- ton tea partj and would occupy as prominent a place in history if only as well written up. Taxation with- out representation, the stamp act, the tax on molasses, the law that all exports should be sent to England and that England should furnish all the imports, tin attempt to govern by force and the quartering of troops on the people roused the colonists to armed re- sistance. lie- battle of Lexington woke up the land and hun- dreds of New Hampshire men hurried to the scene of action near Boston. Thirteen citizens of Weare WEARE. marched at once to Cambridge. They were Captain Jonathan Atwood, Caleb Atwood, Nathaniel Weed, Samuel Worthing, Mark Flood, Samuel Caldwell, Abraham Melvin, Samuel Brocklebank, Philip Hoit, Aaron Quimby, MardeD Emerson, Ephraim Hardy and Levi Hovey. Bui these men soon came home; some of them enlisted, and the following were in the battle of Bunker Mill: Jonathan Page, Stockman Sweat, Reuben Trusell, Ebenezer Sinclear, John Flanders, Jacob Flanders, Ephraim Hadley and Sam- iiel Caldwell, Jr. These also went to Cambridge al the time and might have been in the battle: Marden Emerson, Joshua Maxfield, Jacob Carr, Joseph Hunt- ington, Joseph Colby, Jesse Bayley, Asa Heath and Daniel Watson. Captain Aaron Quimby, Lieutenant Henry Tuxbury, Jonathan Worthley and Moses Fol- lansbee went to Canada ; others from Weare went to Coos, to St. Johns, to Mount Royal and La Prairie. Some tramped with Colonel Benedict Arnold's de- tachment through the Maine wilderness to Quebec; twenty under Lieutenant Timothy Worthley marched to « ' . 1 1 1 ■ i • 1 i to join ( laptain Henry Dearborn's company ; five were in Captain Henry Clement's company at New Castle and three wen' in the tirst New Hamp- shire regiment. In order to learn who were true to the colonies and who were Tories i lie New Hampshire Committee of Safety, April \2, 177(1, sent out the following: i.t iii.- linn bo Signed b) a Number ol men who ipcan to be well .1 iated, to De- f.-Ilil l.y nuns the I 111! ■■■! I oliom- ;i-.onsI Hi.' liuslili' nUrlliptfi Of tbf Hi- Sel i.-" ol Weari ba ?e R s u l.y ill., (nlmbitcnce "I Said V l.l.TS .■! Hi.' [iii'laration \vi' mako K.-tui 11 i- li' ■ l.it.iti'.n. ;i l.isl ul theii 11:1 s is on VSS0C1 \TI"\ n " We, 11 isubscr bers doherebj olemnly "Ml, 1 Mi.' ill 1 ofo ir power, 1 ,),",,., with a ins oppose the ostile 1 ■ 1;., Ill- th l'nit...l Am in .in Coli lies s' in 1 HV.,1 [ iaa w tley, \\ well, Joni Robie, :,.li inn Jones Sal v.. 1111 Blak Y.i. ki.0 Ki il.al , Tl tag 1 iinball, Worn !■' Eaton z brae] Paige, 'I ■I-. Moses hy Tux- Mo. hit, I .-i-riii. \-.i W Inlii'k. 1. 'I .1.1 1 ! .1 ..'. - b Sargent, Jonatb in M iod I ..'. b '. 1 Aaron ilninlii', Uaar Tilxlniry, M..s.s oiimil.... .1"--.' 1 I. on. ait, Saiiiuol Selty, Jonathan I la. II... k, Si 1 Easman, .1 itban Worthley, Samuel Ordway, John Colby, Jr., Tho -1 ' 11 ?, Daniel Bayley, Timothy Wurtlilry, St. 1 I .... - .... I 1 1 , .. Whitaker, Isaai Sargent, Thomas Worthly, T hj George, Joseph Hum.. Peter Rogers,Ji .Joshua Macfield, Samuel Brockelbank, Ephraim i. raon, I.. irg M"' I I] ■ - 11 1 tatban Clemeni Joiliain Turtle, Mark Flood, Philip Sargent, Joeepl Hadlock, Joseph On.-iilii'. Daiii'-I Ha.l|.\, -.Hi I'll. 'in- n, Ben Flanders, John Jewell, Timothy Co l.-.s J..s, T .l, lla.lloik, .li . Ho ,.1 M.,00,,1 . .1. .1, 1, M,,,l- 5et, 111,- Crani, Daniel Gullnslia, .lacoli lirav.-, .la... I. I.'iiu-I.!,. !,.-iali li.iwn. Joseph Hunton, Moses Boyt, Jr., Jacob Tuxbury, NIeodemua Watson, Samuel Worthen, .John Onhvay, I'ani.l o.nil.i, .!..- |.h Kills, jfosos Folonsbury, Joseph Webster, John Clio, .lonaihan Marlnin, Xatloui Goud, John Iliilitiii-I.ai, 'Hi. una- 1 oll.v. J . ■■■ I in 1 1 1 rani, Timothy Cilis, Jr. M-s.- Flood. .I..I111 I'a.n. Sim. .a, II.o.v.I. s I ni.i-on. Manl.-n Emerson, William Out-mby,— 1:;1. "Colony or New Hampsbibk— " To Die Hon. Committee of Safely >■/ this ' 'olmy : " Whereas wo tlo- Si'li'rliii'U of Wrap, havo rails. '.1 l[n- II.-. Iaiatk.n to . |. „,..,,. James Buxton, Joseph Parkins Samuel Colings, John Chase, \ i.-l ll.v.i.s ,.| lluniiii-toii. salon. '1 llayl.y, .lolin .1. .', . 1 1 ge lla.ll.y. Nalli.iioil e.iili.-, \liialiatn Molvon, Asa lloalli, .losi-ph As the war went on Wean furnished more men. The town paid small bounties for volunteers at first, from two 10 ten pounds. And then there were drafts and men furnished substitutes and paid line- Largei bounties were paid and as the value of the paper money depreciated almost fabulous sums were given tor volunteers and substitutes. When the pap< 1 money was worthless the government called lor taxes in corn and beef. The town of Weare hauled anil delivered her corn at Salisbury, .Mass. There were loo f collectors. Soldiers were lined ami paid in corn or live cattle. The town's committee to hire soldiers paid to Daniel Straw " Twenty Bushels ol Good Indian Corn Per Month." Robert Colens was paid " Sixteen Middling three year old heifers with Calf or Calvs By their Sides." David Greelej was paid " Fifteen Midling Heifers three years old with each a 1 all' hy her side." Weare, with only a population of eight hundred ami thirty-seven, and with one hundred and fiftj of these Quakers, who had scruples against, lighting, sent one hundred and eighty -three men into the arnn during the War of the Revolution. Nearlj everj prom- inent citizen and even a few of tic Qua] 1 in the army at some time during the war. When Cornwallis surrendered the people look heart. Peace and independence seemed assured, am! appropriation.- were madl :e more lor schools and preaching. Churches — Baptists. — The Baptist church woke up (o life again ami had the following preachers Samuel Fletcher, 1782 ; Eliphalet Smith, 1783 ; Amos Wood, L788-98, the most popular minister whoever lived in town; Job Seaman, 17'.>S ; Thomas Rand. 1799; [siah Stone, 1801; 'lie. ma- Paul, 1802; Sam- uel Applebee, 1803 ; Ezra Wilmarth, 1804; Otis Rob- inson, 1805; Henry Veasey, L806; William Herrick, 1807; George Evans. L808-12; but none of thesi HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. after Amos Wood were settled. Elder Ezra Wil- marth came back in 1813 and preached till March 13. 1817. John B. Gibson, 1818 to April 21, 1822; he was accused of intemperance and had great trials; Elder Wilmarth returned in 1823, — he gol up a great re- vival, difficulties were settled, backsliders reclaimed, the church refreshed and sinners converted. He was dismissed October 17. 1826; Joseph Davis, April 17, 1827 to September 15, 1 530. tip to 1829, the society had included the whole town and the minister had preached alternately at the meeting-house in South Weare and at the north meeting-house at East Weare. Then the East Weare members desired to set up for themselves ; twenty-one members were' dismissed from the first church and formed the second Baptist church at East Weare. Both societies, after this, were weak and the first so- ciety had no regular minister. Elder John Atw 1 administered tin ordi ice to them once or twice ; Nathan Chapman labored with them one half of the time in 1832-33 ; Lewis E. ('as- well made them an occasional visit; S. G. Kenney was with them a few months in the summer and fall of 1836 ; Ferdinand Ellis preached to them part of the year IS:'.'. i. and < 'aleh Brown was with them some part of the time in 1842. Abraham Morrill was one of the pillars of this church ; he stood by it for nearly half a century and was one of the last survivors. He was present at its death. August .'!i>, 1843, and made the sad record of its demise. Baptist Churehai East Weare.— It was formed No- vember 28, 1829. It had twenty-one members at first. Rev. Asa Niles was the first pa-tor, 1830; Nathan Chapman was ordained July 4, 1832 ; Lewis E. Caswell, 1834-42; Caleb Brown, 1843-47; S. O. Kenny, 1847-40 ; John Upton, 1849-51; E. H. Smith, 1851. In 1856 the church contained seventy-two mem- bers — mostly females. '■lHonalhts. — A church was formed at Easl Weare, June 17. 1789. It was always weak. Rev. William Sleigh was one of its first preachers. Rev. Mr. Shearer preached for it. Rev. John Clayford, from England, was ordained its pastor, Octobei ' 1802, and was dismissed May 4, 1808. Ii had some preaching after that ; but it soon died, — one strong- minded woman leading all its members into the Bap- tist fold. A Coiigreiratioiialist Church was formed at South Weare, Februarj 1. 1876. Rev. A. 15. Palmer was its first pastor; resigned May 1,1878. Charles H. Taint- orwas pastor, March 25, 1879, April 22, 1880; John A. Rowell came July 16, 1SS0; left November 20. 1882. John Bragdon preached three months in sum- mer of 1884. No preaching since. Whole number of members, thirty-eight. />.■<■- 117'V Buptixt*. — A church was established Octo- ber 'Jo, lso,;. Their first ministers were Elders Timo- thy Morse. Joseph Quimby, Elijah Watson, Joshua Quimby, Ebenezer Chase and Moses Bean. Elder Hezekiah I>. Buzzell was pastor from March 8, 1813 to 1829. He was a man of good ability, and was a mem- ber of both branches of the State Legislature. Many other Free-Will Baptist ministers were about Weare during his pastorate. David Harriman was the next pastor, 1829-37; David Moody, 1837-40 ; Sister Par- ker, 1840-43; John G. Tuttle, 1848-18; Rufus Hay- den, 1848-50; John Kimball, 1850-52; W.C.Stafford, 1852-53; \\ f.n i i-i- had a society about 1843. Shakei'.s lived in town near Rattlesnake Hill and held meetings early in the present century. Meeting-Houses.— The first meeting-house in Weare, as we have said, was probably built by the proprietors before the incorporation of the town in 17G4. The second was built at East Weare in 1786. Its pews were sold in advance in September, 1785. The third was at South Weare, built in the same way, by selling the pews. They were sold in 1788 and the house built in 1789. The Quakers also built their houses about this time and the town-meetings were often held in the one near the Center. A meet- ing-house was built at North Weare about 1840. The Universalis built one at Weare Centre, in con- nection with the town house, about 1835, and the Calvinistic Baptists builtoneat Easl Weare in 1836 at a cost of eight hundred and fifty dollars. The Free- will Baptists also built a meeting-bouse at East Weare, in 1840. Weare has had more religious societies and church buildings than any other town of its size in the State. Small-Pox.— A hospital was established at Dun- barton in 1793 for inoculating persons for the small- pox. 1 Dr. Sawyer and Mrs. Jimison kept it. James Hogg and others, of Weare, had children there sick. Dunbarton people were uneasy about it, and their selectmen notified the parents that they should semi the children home to them February 27th. Weare's selectmen were informed and asked that the children might have it at Lieutenant James Eogg's house, or that a place might be provided for them. There was great excitement. February 28th a town-meeting was called to be held March 2d to see what should be done. The town was wild. All came to the meeting and they voted unanimously that Lieutenant Hogg should be notified to remove all infected persons and infection of the small-pox out of the town forthwith. Jesse Woodbury and Philip Sawyer were chosen a committee to see that it was done. The town in pass- ing this vote did not seem to care what other town was afflicted with the small-pox if they could onlj gel rid of it. But the children and the small-pox did not go, and a pest-house was built at once. It was located in an out-of-the way place on Burnt Hill, and the patients taken there. One died and was buried near by. The following bill shows the customs of those thlleS: Wb.ks, April, 1793. "The Town Due to Obsidian Eaton on ace it ol the - I Several would be inoculated and go through with th< dis ise. Thej :re called „ class. L,"-|,i!ii; . h, >!-,■- A I.M.Iuiir- . ni'ii to I pint sim^ & l mug Egg pop to keepin- T ]ml -. ■ a I ..I. n toSniugs-W I .-I, '••• ' 1 i|u.nl W in,- 1,1, -I,! !,;,,I I,-! IV. H, 1 'I" "< Wine my s,lf, ii„l Aav.,11 liuriihaiii .V l',,in i ivn ,,nt- lvi\ l pail Sheats S 1 qt, w I. a I qt. N. E Samuel Bean's children were taken to the pest- house, and he was much vexed. One night he stole them all away. The selectmen took the advice of John Prentice, a lawyer of Amherst, and then broke open the house where the children wen- and carried them back. Then they arrested Bean ami made him give a bond for good behaviour. The child that died was Bean's. Town-House.— 'the first one was built in 17!>7. It was located on the road a short distance southeast of Duck Pond. Before it was finished, but after they had held one town-meeting in it, Ezekiel Kimball, Jr., set it on tire and " it was burned to ashes." Ezekiel ran away and hid in the great "Moose Bog" swamp. Ebenezer Peaslee hunted him out by stratagem, hail him arrested and arraigned. He gave hail and his father settled the matter by paying one hundred dol- lars. The house finally cost four hundred and sixty- eight dollars, ami town-meetings were regularly held in it tor the next thirty-five ; ears. Minute-Men.— There was trouble with England. She persisted in insulting the United States ami im- pressing her seamen. France despoiled our com- merce, the Algeriue pirates preyed upon it am] the Indians upon the frontier were hostile. Congress wished for troops to he in readiness in every town, and provided pay and bounties tor "minute-men." as they were called. The town of Weare, November 27. 1794, being pat- riotic, voted a bounty of two dollars to each soldier that shall enlist to he in " Redness" at a i ient's warning in defense of theUnited States. December II, 17'.i7, voted a bounty of two dollars, and nine dollars a month in addition to what 1 longress voted, to min- ute-men when in actual service. The War of 1812.— In 1809 war was imminent with England. Weare showed her patriotism again, and. March 14th, voted a bounty of two dollars each to our proportion of soldiers to make up the one hun- dred thousand called tor, and live dollars per month in addition to what the Government allows them. May 30th, they chose Daniel Moore and Captain Samuel Eaton a committee to provide a I ami other military utensils for the town, the Legis- lature at its last session having passed an act that this should lie done by towns. In 1812 war came. The Republicans of Weare were in a majority and were in favor of prosecuting it HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. vigorously. But there were some Federalists who bitterly opposed it. A town-meeting was held, July 3d, to provide troops, and alter much discussion, some loud talk and a great deal of wrangling, " Voted, To give and make up the wages of those sol- diers wdio shall he drafted from the militia, or to SO many of them as shall enlist, as will make the town's proportion of the one hundred thousand men to be de- tached from the United States Militia, fifteen dollars per month and two dollars bounty to be paid on en- listment or draft and four dollars addition thereunto when called for to march into actual service." Alter passing a vote that the expense of the militia lie de- frayed the present year by the selectmen, as usual they adjourned, and Joseph Philbrick, tin- clerk, in making his record, said, "Thus ended a clamorous meeting." The following men went from Weare: Ephraim Philbrick and Isaac Grant were in Captain Benjamin Bradford's company, Colonel Aquilla Davis' regi- ment. Lieutenant Stephen Emerson, ensign Ninian Follansbe, sergeant John Gale, corporal Thomas Eastman, George Alley. Jonathan C. Butterfield, Wil- liam Clough, Daniel Emerson, Jr., Thomas Nichols, Archibald Stinson and .Moses VV 1 were in Captain Trivett's company, Colonel Steele's regiment. Ser- geant Ebenezer Wilson. Jacob Barrett, Robert Clough, Nathan Oram and Nathan Johnson wore in Captain Rollins' company (Captain Rollins was from Weare). Phinehas Stone, of Weare, was cap- tain of a company in the First Regimenl (Col 1 X. Fisk's). His men from Weare were Richard W. Cooper, musician ; Oliver Belcher, James Butter- field, John Colby, Jonathan Flanders, David Grant, William Cray, Luther Locke, Jonathan Ordway, John Philbrick, George Philbrick, William Pope, Nathaniel Peaslee, Benjamin Tcnnv, Jr.. and G go Woodman. The latter company went to Portsmouth, September 1l', 1814, did actual service for three months and were honorably discharged. Spotted Fever.— It occurred in 1815, '1H and was prevalent throughout New England. .Many died in Weare. Town Farm. — In 1824 Joseph Philbrick, William Whittle and Abraham Morrill were chosen a commit- tee to report at the next annual meeting about the support of the poor, and in 1825 they said a farm should lie bought. Being continued in office they reported the next year. 1826, that they wire not in favor of buying a farm, they hail changed their minds, but of setting up "an establishment" for the town's poor. They thought this was better than the former practice of humanely putting them up at auction and striking them oil' to the one who would keep them for the least pay. There were eleven paupers this year. Mary Bailey, aged ninety-two; Thomas Worthly, son of one of the lirst settlers, eight \ - nine; Hannah Flood, eighty-four and Sarah Collins were among the oldest, and Mary Matthewson. aged two, daughter of Sally Kinson, twenty-one, was tie youngest. They were all let out to a contractor to be supplied by him and he was also to buy books and send the children to school. The question slept for twelve years. In 1838 Os- good Paige, Abraham Morrill and Levi Gove were chosen a committee to look up and report on the sub- ject of a "Poor Farm." April 14th they reported they had examined the John Robie farm and the Abraham Morrill farm not quite so good. They strongly urged that a farm be bought, and said, "We are bound by every principle of virtue and religion to mitigate, as far as possible, the sorrows and sufferings of the unfortunate poor," and that they could do it best on a farm. The town was convinced ; they ac- cepted the report, voted to buy a farm and to hire of the agent the "Surplus revenue" and pay for it. They also voted that the " poor farm " should be a house of correction, and chose Amos W. Bailey, Daniel Page, Jr., and Moses Peaslee a committee to draft and report suitable by-laws for its proper man- agement. Surplus Revenue.— In 1837 the Government of the United States sent to the several states large sum- of money, called the "surplus revenue." New Hamp- shire divided the money among its several towns. Weare voted to take the money, and chose Amos W. Bailey agent to receive it from the State Treasury and loan it in sums of not less than twenty-five dol- lars, nor more than four hundred dollars, at six per cent, interest, to be paid annually into the town treasury to defraj town charges, and that the agent take good security subject to the approval of the selectmen. In L838 a part of this was taken as we have seen to pay for the poor-farm. In 1843 the citizens voted to put one-half of it into their own pockets, in other words, to take it to defray town charges, anil that Ebenezei Gove he an agent to take care of the rest of it. In 1846 some tried to divide it among the citizens, but the majority decided not to do it. The next year at the March meeting they voted to distrib- ute it equally among the legal voters, and < (ctolier lit li chose Cyrus E. Wood agent to do it and record the names and amount each received. They got lol- lar and forty-five cents apiece. Thus went the Sur- plus Revenue; they could not be content to keep it as a fund, and so spent it in just ten years. Mexican War. — Only one man enlisted from Weare, and he was a citizen of Collstown. New Hampshire Central Railroad.— It was char- tered June 24, 1848. Its Board of Directors were David Steele, president ; Muses Sawyer, North Weare ; Charles Stinson, Dunbarton ; Perry Richards, New Boston ; Horace Chi Ids, Henniker; Moses A. Hodgdon, Aimer Hoit Weare; John S. Eldridge, Boston.— Lewis Smith was clerk; Samuel H. Price, superintendent : Abraham Mitchell, roadmaster; Joseph Knowlton, freight agent; and James Priest, wood agent. Work r,Mi was begun in 1849; the road was completed to Oil Mill village January 1850, and in February following the ears began to run regularly to the latter place. They reached North Weare in November and Henniker December 10, 1850. The ears did not run above Oil Mill till the road was built through to Henniker, then regular trains were put on. The first conductor was Robert Moon- of Henniker, from December 10, 1850, to September 1, 1853. Charles Henry Hurlburt conductor September 1, 185:; to 1855, and Charles W. Everett since that time. The road fell into the hands of Joseph A. Gilmore about 1853, and the name was changed to the Merrimack and Connecticut Rivers Railroad. Sunday, October 31, 1858, Gill e tore up the rails between North Weare and Henniker, much to the disgust of every one living on the line, and soon after tin' road became the property of the Concord Railroad. Four trains now run daily between North Weare and Manchester and two trains on Sunday, and the road pays good dividends on the amount the Concord railroad paid for it. There are four stations in Weare at the present time, — Oil Mill, Everett, East Weare and North Weare, — and the road is now known as the Manchester and North Weare Railroad. War of the Rebellion. — Fort Sumter was fired upon April 12, 1861, and the war began. President Lincoln called for seventy-live thousand troops, and New Hampshire sent her first regiment into the field. Soon there was another call for more men. and. May 25, the town voted to pay each soldier who enlisted from Weare nine dollars a month in addition to what the government pays, and to each nurse from this town an amount sufficient to make the pay up to twenty dollars a month. Also, those who en- list in the navy before August 27, shall be paid one hundred dollars — if they will count on the town's quota; the selectmen to hire all the money and pay all the volunteers when they are mustered into ser- vice. November 10, 1861, the town voted town aid for the families of volunteers, in addition to the State aid. August 12, 1862, the town voted to pay two hundred dollars to each volunteer, the money to be hired to do it. September 8, 1862, the town affirmed the acts of the previous meeting and also voted to pay the nine months men two hundred dollars each. September 8, 18(i:.l, the town, by vote, paid three hundred dollars to each drafted man or his sub- stitute who shall be mustered into the service this time the States and the United State- each paid three hundred dollars for a soldier, making a bounty of nine hundred dollars to every man who went to the war. December 2, 180:5, the selectmen were authorized to hire money to till up Weaiv's quota under the call of the President October 17 L86 !. June 7, 1864, voted to pay those who have enlisted or been drafted to till the last call, three bundled dollars, the selectmen to hire the money. June 27, 1864, the selectmen were authorized to procure the enlistment of such number of soldiers as will be needed to fill the next call of the President, the selectmen to hire the money. August 29, 1864, the President had called lor the hundred thousand more troops. The calls cam. t lock and fast. At a town-meeting held this day, voted to pay to each volunteer who shall enlist from this town for one year, one thousand dollars, for tv eleven hundred dollars, and for three years, twelve hundred dollars, the selectmen to hire thirty thousand dollars to pay the volunteers or their substitutes. Six- teen to eighteen hundred dollars was a good, substan tial bounty. December 17, 1864, the town resolved that the selectmen be authorized to pay to every man three hundred dollars who may be drafted and accepted or has furnished a substitute since the last call for five hundred thousand men, and hire the money therefor. This was the last of the bounties. One giganth effort was made to crush out the rebellion and more than a million men were sent into the field. The effort was successful. Had the war continued a few years more, the North would have been bankrupt and secession a success. Weare sent one hundred and fifty-nine of her citizen- to the war as volunteers and her drafted men put in fifty substitutes.— 2011 men in all went from Weare to the war. Roll Of Honor. -The following are the naue- of the men of Weare, who gave their lives to their country : EllTi.Uv Ilu-tiTi, Ninth lii-mmi-lit ; I, illf.l lit .l.irk-uii, lll-t. Ju» pli II • • m ■'Hi -I .ii Fort Lindlej Folia] I ted at - ■ I lv ' Chillies 10. P.-iislee, killf.l .it W iIM.ii.i-I.mi . \ ., t'onrt.-tith It. -inn lit, died. i Regiment died nt Hilton Bonge. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Ellin.]-.' |i.:ul„.rii, Sixt.-.-mh II.-iin.iil ; .li.-.l .1! e..n.. , ,1 .1, N. II. Siijiim.i li.-anl. Sixteenth l: ■•..mi. ill : ili.-.l. iim...i\\ Chase, Si [eei B lied at Baton Rouge. Honry Clement, Sixt.-i nil. lieeiment ; Jii-il. Union Dow, Six nth Regiment ; died. '-" r.lrli, Sixl- : i . ,li, .1 at NV» Orleans. William Thorpe, Sixteenth 1;. — nn.ul , .li.-.l Division of the Town.— Many attempts were made near the close of the last century to divide the (own. but none of them were successful. There was an effort to take portions of Weare, Goffstown and New Boston and make a new town ; this failed, and, in 1876, many of the inhabitants in the southeast pari of the town wished to sever a portion of Weare and annex it to Goffstown ; this shared the fate of the earlier efforts. Two parishes for religious purposes was a favorite scheme of the East Weare < Ihurch, but they never could accomplish it. The only thing of the kind that met with any favor was the forming of two military districts for training purposes. Stove to Warm the Town-House— About 1840. after building the new town-house a1 the Centre, the town refused to buy a stove to warm it. and it was only after voting on the question several years that one was bought. The same penuriousness was seen in wanning the meeting-houses. Ministers preached with their overcoats and woolen mittens on ami the women kept their feet warm with the old-fashioned foot-stoves, with a dish of live coals therein, for years after the first efforts were made to put in stoves. Money was appropriated for such purposes grudgingly. Wealth. — But Weare's citizens arc more generous now. Each year the sum of fifty dollars is appropri- ated to decorate the soldiers' graves; the town-house has been remodeled and modernized, a level floor of Georgia pine has taken the place of the sloping floor of spruce and hemlock, comfortable settees have sup- planted the hard plank seats of former days and other improvements have been made. A receiving tomb has been built, a hearse procured, road machines bought, and two thousand five hundred dollars apro- priated, and paid for the reservoir at the head of the Piscataquog. One item alone shows their prosperity ; they have $357,742in savings-banks, the tax on which more than pays the State tax of the town. Town-History.— About 1881 the town chose David Cross, Abner P. Collins, Robert Peaslee, Josiah G. Dearborn and Sylvester < '. Gould, a committee to prepare a history of Weare. From data in part furn- ished by (hem this sketch has been written. Temperance. — A few generations ago there was a cider-mill at nearly every other house and every ordinary farmer put seventy-five to one hundred barrels of cider in his cellar each fall. Some also had a barrel of rum or other strong liquor with it. It was a common thing for men to drink a quart of cider at a draught without once taking their lips from the mug. Now the apples arc sent to market bringing a good priei>. A little cider is made for vinegar or to be used in a proper manner and the old eider guzzlers who went from house to house drinking are all in the graveyard. Education and Religion.— Better school-houses have been built and better schools are had ; better churches have been provided and they are kept in better repair. We would not detract from the merits of our an- cestors; they were patriotic, public-spirited and virtuous. But the people of Weare to-day are much better off; have more property, better houses and furniture; more intelligence; are more temperate; have purer morals; a truer and freer religion, and live twenty years longer on the average than did the inhabitants of "y e olden times." Manufactures.— Weare is chiefly an agricultural town, but a great variety of manufacturing has been carried on. The following articles have been produced in Weare; Woolen goods, cotlon goo. Is, lumber, Clocks, ready-made clothing, hats, linseed oil, pump- kin seed oil, cotton yam, woolen rolls, skimmers, nails, hinges, wooden ware, starch, carriages, sleighs. musical instruments, toys, boots and shoes, matches, leather, barrels, tubs, kits, sugar, skivers. The following aged persons lone died in Weare: In 1800 (or about that time). Thomas Worthley, aged 106 years; in 1843, BetS\ Sargent, aged 100 years; in 1860, Hannah Peaslee, aged 101 years ; in 1869, Fannie Morse, aged 100 years and nine months. Census of Weare.— 1 768, 268; 1773, 884; 1775, 837; 1786, 1574; 1790, 1924; 1800, 2517; 1810, 2634; 1820,2781; L830.2430; 1840,2375; 1850, 2435 ; 1860, 2310; L870, 2092; 1880, 1829. REPRESENTATIVES Sam ii i Page, 177.".. John I.. Hadley, 183 1 34, 3 '36 John Worth, 177:.. 37, '38, '46, '-17, '48. G Hadley, 1776, L803. Thomas Muzzey, 1835, '37 Samuel 1 aldwi .l.ilm Eilniuii'K I S'.s, '.;. Itli.iMi.n Eaton, 1780. .1 — w liittake] (839, '-]" Sa 1 Phill i 1 1782, • William w Ibury, 1840, '41, '48. Jonathan G. 1 olby, 1842, '43. '42, rohnHod don L789 01 ad h 1 . ton, 1 . 12, 93 '94 '95 Daniel C '46. a IB 1 ■ i. . i: H '47. "... Eheney.er Gove, Is 11. '45. Jabej Mi roll. 1799, 1800, di i libel B, Cram, 1849. Sa.. je] C. Eastman, 1849, '60. .lames Caldwell, 1806, '06, '07, '08. Hiram Simons, 1850, '59. Jonathan \uv 1, 1809, '10, '11. William II. Gove, 1851, '52, '65 Dauiel Moore, 1810, 11. '71 Speakei .it the House, Samuel Eaton, 1812, '13, "17. 'Is. 1871. '19, 20. Peter Dearborn, 1851, '52. r, 1813 Josiah G Dearborn, Is".;;. '54, ii nekiah D Buz/.ell, 1814, '16, i raD t, 1853 54 '16, '19, '20. David Gould, 1.X55. Abraham Morrill, 1815, '16, 17. John Bartlett, 1856, '57. Is, '21, '22. Robert B. Caswell, 1858, '60 Jam- Wall ice, 182] All... Morrill, 1868. .1 rial Dmnl i 1823, '24 Jonathan B Moulton, 1859. A - w Bailey, 1825, J' :7. Simon il Grove, I860, '61. Tristn ..n. n, L825, J.'.. ''.'7, It Moses A Cartland, 1861. s ii I', lull,,-, (S2S, 'I"), MO, '31, Moses A. Hodgdon, i 1 '32, '41. Zil.a A. 11. .m, 1862, '63 Daniel Page, Jr., 1829 i . Abraham 11. Story, 1864, Ira Gove, 1864, '65. Seth V ' illey, 1832, '33, '34. Abner P. Collins, 1865, '68 0&m xiJ^f/?j7U Jonathan Buxton, 1866, Moses Sawyer, 1866 Charles Ballou, 1869, '7" Alonzo H. W i. 1869, '70. CharlesW. Everett, 1-71 George W. Colhy, 1872, '73. John Thorndike, 1872, '73. Lindley M. Sawyer, 1874, '75 iiu, i i rost, 1874, '7.'.. Mi... ii B Johnson, 1876, 7:. BioanAHin.'AL skktojiks. HIRAM SIMONS. Hiram Simons, son of Christopher and Nancy (Locke) Simons, was born in Weare, Hillsborough County, N. H., February 22, 1805. Being the eldest of nine children, he was necessarily looked upon as a help in the home duties and interests, and as school advantages We're not as easily attained as now. his were consequently restricted to short terms. But his naturally quick and keen perception in active busi- ness matters raised him to a high degree of capacity in all and every position in which he took an in- terest. In early life he labored on his lather's farm, in the southwest pari of Weare. When about twelve years of age, his father purchased a large lot of land in the southeast part of Weare, where he carried on the "oil-mill" business, buying large quantities of flax-seed, which was converted into oil, after which the meal was fed to cattle. They also owned a saw-mill and wheelwright shop, all in very active operation. After Hiram became of age, his father gave him a small compensation for his labor for one year. Then he went into mercantile business for himself, taking for partner Harrison Hobson, of <»il Mill Vil- lage. This village derived its name from the Simons oil-mill, which was afterward converted into a tloin ing-mill. About 1833, Simons & Hobson moved to Wear. Centre, then quite a thriving little village, where they continued in mercantile business, prospering finely. Hiram engaged in lumbering quite exten- sively. After locating at Weare Centre Hiram Simons was elected postmaster, was also justice of peace, was very active in the town interests, took a deep interest in the prosperity of the village, pro- posed and helped build a church ami support a pastor. He will be remembered long by those who attended, as one who took an active part in its prosperity; played bass-viol in church while he remained there. He officiated as selectman, treasurer, collector for a good part of his stay at the village, was Representa- tive in 1849, 1850, 1859,— all of which offices he filled with great honor. In 1860 In- moved to Manchester, N. H., where he remained until his death, June 1. L882. He married M. Almeda Chase, .laughter of John and Lydia Chase, of Weare, September I. 1842. They were bli ssed with a son, Maj -~\ 1843, earned Hiram Augustus Simons, (in October 11, ls-)7, another son was bom, named George frank Simons, treasures which were not spared them long. Augustus was sent to .\.'u London, V II., school at fifteen years of age, and was a very tine scholar. He came from tie school of books and enlisted in the school that tried all people's souls — the Rebellion. He went out in the first licet to the Southern Slat.-, enlisted Sep- tember 4, 1861. He went as musician, served one year of hardship, came I ie September 5, ISt'.L', stayed with his family one year; then, in 1863, came the loud and imperative calls for " more men." The noble boy responded once more, and as he bade his dear ones goo.l-bve, he said. " Good-bye ! good-bye! I'll come home nil rhjlil .' nil riijlil .' " He did come "till right' - the next July. Hut \oieeless was the dear form that left home so short a time before. He died in Washington, D. C, July 19, 1864 at Columbia College Hospital, at the age of twenty-one years, one month and a lev days. This was a hard blow for his parents and brothers. But they bowed submissively, feeling that it was well with the dear one who bad "gone first," or, as he expressed it, "some one must go first ; it might as well be me as any one." The next summer dear Frank was called. He died August 9, 1m;.".. aged seventeen years, ten months and a few days I 'hen the parents were alone, feeling deeplj bereft, yet with a hope and trust of meeting their dear ones again when they too shall pass over to the shining shore. Hiram Simons' lite was a very active, industrious on.-; ever ready to help the needy, both in words of kindness and deeds of charity; quietly and unosten- tatiously were his kind acts performed, but never t,, be forgotten by the recipients. II.' had acquired a handsome competency by his own industry, some two hundred thousand dollars of which his four surviving brothers, one sisirr and one uieci sixteen thousand dollars each of his property; of the remainder his wife has control, ami of which she ha- bestowed liberally where needed. Hiram Simons lived the motto of his heart: "This life is short, and we should miss no opportunity of giving happiness to others." His hist days were the ful- fillment of this aim. Never an ill word passed his lips : if he could m.i speak well of a person he would not speak at all. He passed happily to rest on the first day of June, 1882. LEWIS SIMONS. \, Ml ,ir_' the man) successful business men of Hills- borough ( lounty, no .me is better entitled t.. conspicu- ous mention that! Lewis Simons, who has attained his ore years and ten " within the county where both he and his father before him were born, and from whose forests and timbered wastes he has cut for him- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. self a fortune, while by his industry and integrity he has perfected a character as enduring as the granite hills of his native State. His father, Christopher Simons, was born in South Weare, and lived on the family homestead until two years alter the birth of Lewis, August 12, 1815, when, with his family of seven hoys ami two girls, he moved to the flourish inn' village in the same town, then and since known as the Oil Mills, and purchased the mills, which gave the place its name and fame. En the year 1825 the business of the mills had so in- creased, under the excellent management of the senior Simons, aided by the efficient services of his boys, that it was found uecessary to rebuild ami en- large the capacity of the mills; and the raising of linseed and its manufacture into oil was a source of prosperity to a large and thriving community. It was not mi. -,,111111011 t,, see over five hundred bushels of seed at a time in the bins, and so long as the rais- ing of linseed was as remunerative as other branches of agriculture, the business prospered ; hut, with the lack of material, it languished, and in 1S3j! the in- dustry was abandoned; the oil mill was leased to a party who utilized it as a pail factory until 1847, when it was totally destroyed by fire. Upon leaving the oil business, the senior Simons devoted himself to the care of his large farm, which he had secured by his industry and economy, and car- ried on also quite a thriving business in the saw-mill, which he owned in the same locality. He was a type of that invincible manhood which, in the early days, could master obstacles that in the light of modern civilization would seem overwhelming; and his suc- cess was not less marked by the comfortable fortune which he amassed, than by the habits of industry, frugality and integrity which he instilled into all his nine children, and especially his fifth son. Lewis, the subject of this sketch. Notwithstanding his limited opportunities lor ob- taining au education, young Simons nevertheless made the most of the means at his command, and, ivith the same untiring ri,,u and patient applica- tion which had characterized his life he mastered what- ever he undertook. With only eight or ten weeks of district school in a year, and ,,ne term of instruction at the Henniker academy in the fall of 1835, where he was a class-mate with the late ex-Governor Har- riman, he became proficient in scholarship and taught school with marked success in his own and other districts in his native town for five consecutive winters. When not thus engaged he worked in his iw-mill, laying there the foundation for his future business success in life. In 1843 he went into trade at Oil Mill village, hut this was not congenial to his tastes, and in 1845 he abandoned it to follow the bent of his earlier inclina- tions. In his father's saw-mill he had acquired not only a thorough knowledge of sawing lumber, but a strong desire to engage in the lumber business lor a livelihood. This desire had now fully ripened into a determi- nation. The wisdom of his choice and the pertinacity with which he has pursued his calling are fully evi- denced in the splendid success which he has achieved and the enviable reputation which he has won as a man of broad judgment, of conscientious prudence and of large business energy and integrity. His first venture in the lumber business, in 1845, was with his lirother Hiram, with whom he remained in partnership until is.",:;, living meantime in Weare. In that year he sold his one-half interest in the busi- ness to hi- partner ami took up his residence in Man- chester, having purchased a tine residence on the west side of the river, in that part of the city then known as"Squog," but now graced with the more ele- gant title of West Manchester. Her die continued to re- side until 1860, when he built his present spacious and attractive residence at the corner of Brook and I Ihesl nut Sheets, in one of the most desirable locations in the city. Here for a quarter of a century he has summoned the immeasurable influences of a happy home to aid him in successfully prosecuting the business of his earlier years. He brought with him, to this new home, his wife Hannah W., daughter of Charles Gove, of Wean, whom he married in 1840, and her three surviving children, — Langdon, born July 20. 1841; Almeda, born November 24, 1*42; and Minot, bom June 12, 1849. Three other boys had previously been born to them, hut they had faded beneath the touch of the grim messenger, early in life, and, in January, 1861, the faithful wife and devoted mother was summoned to join them in the better land. Subsequently Mr. Simons married Mary J. Gilmore, who still shares with him. in happy contentment, the fruits of twenty year-. ,,t wedded bliss. The youthful Minot found, in his new mother, all the affection and devotion which he had lost, and, through the lew years which he was permitted to re- main in this happy family, and especially through the trying ordeal which preceded his death, no greater love could ha\e been manifested, no more pa- tient or self-sacrificing care could have been be- stowed. To this m, ist fortunate union much of Mr. Simons' prosperity in life is due. His son Langdon resides in Manchester, engaged in the jewelry business on Elm Street. He married early in life and has one sou, a bright and promising young man, the idol of his grandparents, at whose request he bears the name of Minot, in memory of the son, whose loss in early maturity so keenly affected both Mr. and Mrs. Simons. His daughter Almeda is the most estimable wile of Darwin A. Simons, one of Manchester's most enter- prising and respected citizens. In all departments of the lumber business Mr. Si- mons has been exceptionally fortunate. His judg- ment in estimating values, his thorough knowledge of £^>gyzc ut of the many millions of lumber which he has handled, oftentimes accumulating on his hands for a bettei market, not five hundred feel were ever wasted. His career in this business, which, more than any other. taxes the judgment and common sense, has been almost phenomenal, and he justly enjoys, in his declining years, the well-earned fruits of his life's labor. As a public-spirited citizen he lias stamped his im- press upon the history and growth of our city, and many of the finest blocks and buildings are the results of his industry. Besides his beautiful and valuable homestead, he has been instrumental in building the Mercantile Block and Music-Hail Block, Manchester, both beautiful and costly structures, situated on the main thoroughfare and in the heart of the business of this metropolitan city. He also helped to erect a large brick block on Elm Street, known as Webstei Block, and a large tenement block on Pearl Street. In all of these, and in other valuable pieces of real this city, he is a large owner, and tow of Manchester citizens have been more fortunate in their financial affairs. Although ready and willing always to assist in any laudable enterprise. Mr. Simons has never sought the honors of political favor, nor held other offices of trust than justice of the peace, and, in 1855, alderman in his ward, although the representative of the mi- nority party. The reasons are obvious. In his earlier years he was too much engrossed in his own affairs litical preferment, and latterly fortunately, doubtless. for him, however much community may ha from the loss of his valuable services, he has been a tenacious adherent of the old .lellersonian do, nine-. bringing him a multitude of unsought Dei nominations, only valuable until election day. In 188 I he was I he nominee of Ins partj for Mayor, re- ceiving in the caucus over twelve hundred votes, a greatei number than was ever given to any former can- didate. For years he was g regular attendant and an enthusiastic worker in the Universalis! Society, lend- ing a willing hand and open purse to the prosecution ot'every g I work for the benefil of the church and society, and equally ardent and liberal in resisting its persecutions. Of late years he has attended the Unitarian Church and has been president of its board of trustees. He has never yielded to the infatuating charms of nidations of any kind, possibly on of bis early interest in military affairs, which en- grossed his attention and engaged bis bonis of re- creation. At the age of eighteen he picked bis flint, shoul- dered bis musket and became a real soldier in the Volunteer Militia I lompany of bis town. He plucked easily whatever of laurels for military achievements were obtainable in the militia service, and, with ac- cumulating honors, lie joined, first, lie G Light Infantry and after that he achieved distinction in a rifle company of that time. Every year, to the date of the disbandment of the State militia, he did military duty, in .very rank of the line, and was hence admirably by instinct, education and experience to take upon himself the high honor and supreme mili- tary distinction of becoming a member of the Veterans, then in its infancy, whii h he did in 1855. for thirtj years he has bei n on ol it- most useful and influential members, holding, in succi ssion, every office in its gift, until, at the last an nual meeting in L885, he was honored by a unani- mous election to the office of Commander, which he declined to a tain thecommandof Company A as its captain, which position he has held for several years andstill continues to fill most accepta- bly. The prosperity and high standing of this famous il home and abroad, is largely due to his devotion, prudenceand careful oversight in the in iii- ol all it- affairs. '1 in- brief historj of the life of one of Mai most honored citi/ens would he incomplete if dueem- phasis were not laid upon the stilling integrity innate moral dignity of its subject life and under all circumstances. Erect'in stature, elastic in -ii [i I., -1; and well pre- served, thoi amiable, kind and always genial, bis acquaintances are universally bis friends, whose, fidenceand approba- tion no man in community possesses to a larger extent. Absolutely temperate as to intoxicants, he has also tirelj from the id ry walk in Ill' HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. forms, and no man ever heard from his lips a violent or profane word. In short, Lewis Simons is, in the broadest and truest sense, an honest man. MOSES SAWYER. Moses Sawyer was born in the picturesque little town of Henniker, N. II., October 26, 1803. He was the seventh generation from William Soyer, who emigrated from England to America in 1632, and commenced the hard life of a pioneer in the little town of Newbury, now Newburyport, Mass. Some of his children united with the Society of Friends, of whieb religious organization his descendants have remained members to the present time. The subject of this sketch was little indebted to our public institutions for the unusual fund of in- formation which he possessed. The world was the school in which he was taught, and a few well-chosen books constituted his early library. At about the age of fourteen he left the home of his ehildb 1 to learn the trade of dressing (doth, and subsequently went to Amesbury, .Mass., and per- fected himself in the art of manufacturing woolen goods. Here he made the acquaintance of John G. Whittier and William Lloyd Garrison, and at the solicitation of the latter subscribed for the first num- ber of the Lihrrnlor. which is now in his possessiou. When twenty-eight years of age he determined to go into business for himself, and bought a water privilege in North Weare, X. II., where he erei ti d a mill ami formed a company to manufacture woolen goods. He had little other capital than his hands ami his natural energy id' character, yet he started one of the first, if not the tirst successful woolen mill in New Hampshire, when Manchester contained only one house, and Peter Cooper was trying experiments with the first locomotive. After several years of prosperity a new company was formed, of which lie is still the airent. He has always been known as a straightforward, honorable business man. A member of the Society of Friends, both by faith and inheritance, he has been prominent in Church- work, particularly that which showed itself in deeds rather than words. He was an Abolitionist from the very first ; in the days when the name was as repugnant to what is called "Society," as the name "Christian" was to the Jewish Sanhedrin. or "Puritan" to the established Church of England in the days of Charles the First. No heart beat more ardently for the great subject of human rights, or felt more keenly the injustice of holding human beings asslaves ; ami he let i ppor- tunitv pass to do his all in aiding the cause. His house was one of the stations on the "underground railway." and it was there that Frederick Douglass commenced the writing of his autobiography. The temperance movement, and every other philan- thropic work has always had in him a strong advocate, and be has given freely of his means for their support. To champion wearisome causes and take the part of the oppressed was his nature. It was nevera burden. But he never sought publicity in any field or held political offices except at the earnest request of his friends, vet he represented the town in the Legislature in 1866, was the first president of the Hillsborough I 'oimty Bible Society, one of the trustees of our State Orphans' Home, beside holding many other offices. And now that tor him the sunset hour has come, and the activities of business life are over, he has leisure tor reading and study, and we trust he may be long spared to gather the fruits of a well-spent life. Mr. Sawyer has been twice married. First to Re- becca B. Morrill .if Seabrook, N. H., and, several years after her decease, to Hannah Bassett Jones, of Gilmanton. He has three children still living: — Henry Abbott, a graduate of Dartmouth College; Ellen Rebecca, wife of J. Fred. Smith, of Fishkill, X. Y., and Mary Elizabeth. /'j/ t j ■2^'s-f^Ut HISTORY OF WILTON. BY REV. A. LIVERMORE. CHAPTER I. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TOWN, ITS GEOLOGY, STREAMS, HILLS, TERRITORIAL LIMITS, SCENERY AND CLIMATE. The town of Wilton is situated in the southwest part of the county of Hillsborough, State of New Hampshire, in latitude 42° 50' north, and in longi- tude 5° 8' east from Washington, D. C. The original grant of territory by the Masonian proprietors in- eluded forty-six shares of two hundred and forty acres each, or one hundred and thirty-eight lots of eighty acres each, or about twenty-eight square miles, and not far from sixteen thousand and seventy acres. But, August 2G, 17u8, a range of lots, half a mile wide, was set oft' to the adjoining town of Temple, on the west, leaving Wilton an oblong parallelogram, seven- teen hundred rods long from north to south and fifteen hundred rods wide from east to west. It lies eighteen miles from Nashua, forty from Concord, thirty from Keene and fifty-eight from Boston. It is bounded on the north by Lyndeborough, on the east by Lyndeborough and Milford, on the south by Mason and Greenville and on the west by Temple. Its geological formation is chiefly granite and schist, making a very uneven surface and hard but strong soil, rising into lofty hills, which crop out with extensive ledges, and sinking into deep valleys, the beds of whose streams are filled with bowlders, large and small. There are but few plains or patches of sandy soil. The original forest growth was very thick and heavy, and indicated a deep, rich soil. The most valuable mineral products are clay, suitable for brick- making, and l>cd> or large bowlders of granite, capable of being worked for building materials. Only a small portion of the town is covered by water. There are no lakes or ponds, except artificial ones, to create mill-power. The principal stream is the Souhegan River, said to be so called by the Indians as " the River of the Plains," which rises in Great and Little Watatic Lakes, in Ashburnham, Mass., runs under the name of the South Branch into New Ipswich, where it joins the North Branch com- ing from Pratt's Pond, in Jaffrey, passes through Greenville and enters Wilton on the south, from eighty to one hundred rods east of the southwest cor- ner of the town. Thence its course is northeasterly until it enters Milford. Two streams join it from the west and north as it passes through Wilton, — Gambol Brook, with north and south branches, and North Stream or Stony Brook, which also has two con- siderable blanches. The Souhegan falls into the Merrimack in Merrimack. These streams, with smaller brooks falling into them, form the water- courses of the town, and supply the power for numerous mills ami factories. The bold sand-hill bluffs at various points, especially along the Souhegan Valley, indicate the points where the great eddies left their deposits whin immense streams filled these valleys to their brim, after the glacial period in the history of the earth gave way to a warmer temperature. Owing to the granite forma- tion, there are no actually perpendicular falls or cas- cades in town, as in the limestone formations; but in several instances there are rapids of considerable height and interest, as Barnes' Falls, on a branch of Stony Brook. While there are no mountains proper, there are many high hills, commanding wide prospects and separated by deep valleys. Such are Abbot Hill, in the southeast part of the town, a long, broad eleva- tion, sloping up gradually from the bed of the Souhegan; Kimball's ami Mansur's Hills, on the southwest, the highest elevations in town ; Russell's, or Lone-Tree Hill; Bade's Hill, near the Centre; Flint's Hill, in the northwest ; and Bale's Hill, in the northeast. All are high eminences, commanding a complete view of the basin, which centres in the town, formed by the Temple, New Ipswich and Lynde- borough Mountains, called the Pack Monadnock. The climate of Wilton is the climate of New Eng- land on its northern hills and mountains, — a long, severe winter, usually with high winds and deep- drifting snows, a short and checkered spring, a hot and luxuriant summer and a brilliant autumn, with the foliage turned to brown, crimson and gold. Its climate is one of extreme- of heat and cold, but vivid and picturesque with the drifting snows of winter, the green herbage and foliage of summer and the gor- 096 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. -.•mis color- of autumn, and stimulating to body and mind. In the early history of the town, autumn and spring were more nearly merged into winter and summer. The snows fell into deep forests, where they lay comparatively uninfluenced by sun or wind until a late spring, when the sun was high. Then overflowing fre.-hets ru-hed down the hills and moun- tains and tilled the valleys, sweeping everything before them, and summer suddenly hurst upon the laud. Then, too. the transition from summer to winter was not less rapid, and not seldom the fruits of field and orchard were surprised by sudden frosts and snows. But since the heavy forests have been largely cut down, or have been succeeded only by slighl second growths of young trees, and the surface has been more exposed to the direct sun and wind, the seasons have become more changeable and fluctu- ating, and rapid extremes of eold and heat succeed one another. The cutting down of the dense iorcsts has dried up the smaller brooks and meadows, caused severer droughts and opened the way tor the more rapid descent of the rams and melted snows into the water-courses, and sudden and more injurious tl Is, as in the disastrous freshet of October. 1869. But if we take all the features of the climate into c sideration, we shall come to the conclusion that it is fitted to develop a hardy and vigorous race of people, with great activity and endurance ofbodj and mind. Of late years a marked social change has come, and many people from the cities and the seaboard annu- ally resort to the hills ami mountains tor health and invigoration, in the summer months. IV two hundred boarders find accommodations in Wilton during the warm season, and enjoy its healthful air, its charming drives and walks and its beautiful scenery, while not a lew build hero tasteful country cottages for their homes nearly half the year. (II \ I'TEE II. WILTON- TllK vegetable and animal productions of the town have not differed essentially from those of the other town- in this county already described in this work. The original forests sisted of pitch, white and Norway piues to a great degree, and furnished excel- lent timber. White, black and yellow birch. 1 ch, white, red, yellow and scrub oak, poplar (native and Lombardy), chestnut, butternut, walnut, white, red and rock or sugar maple, ash, willow, ba— wood, horn- beam, leverwood, elm, cherry (white and red), hem- lock, spruce and fir abound. While the first, and even the second, growths of timber have been princi- pally cut off, probably more acres are now in woodland than were fifty years ago, but the trees are. many of them, only saplings. The shrub- and flowers are those common to a northern climate and a mountainous country. The fields, v Is, pastures and roadsides are gay with a uie.it variety of flowering plants,— from tin- wind- flower and May-flower of the spring to the laurel, daisies, lilies, primroses and buttercups of summer, olden-rod, John's-wort, life everlasting and cardinal flower of autumn. Many exotics also have become domesticated in the town. Numerous wild berries — mulberries, sumac, bogberries, barberries and others — beautify the summer and autumn scenery. The herbage, too. of the northern temperate zone, the line, green turf and the many delicate grasses give exquisite pleasure to the eye as compared with the coarse grasses of warmer climates. The wild animals were, at the time of the early settlement of the town, the bear, the moose, the deer, the wolf, the catamount, the muskrat, the mink, the weasel, the woodchuck, the skunk, the rat. the rabbit, the fox, the hedgehog, the red. gray, striped and fly- ing squirrel, the otter, the raccoon, which peopled the woods and fields. Abiel Abbot, one of the early settlers, was treed by a bear, which watched him till, wearied by the delay and annoyed by a small dog. he withdrew. Lieuten- ant Abraham Burton sometimes trapped bears. In the winter wolves came down from the mountains in search of food, and were killed by hunting-parties. Tradition reports that two i ise have been killed in town, one near Mason and one near wdiat is now French village. Heaver-dams are yet to be seen on the Whiting and the Dale farms. Hut the hunter finds little now to raise his enthusiasm or reward his toil. The aboriginal animals have departed with the aboriginal men. Civilization has driven them from their ancient haunts. Of birds, the largest, the wild turkey, wa- shot in town as late as 1 7 '. • 7 ; but. owing to the absence of [>ouds or lakes, few wild geese or ducks or loons have been known, though the long, black lines of the for- mer, ranged in harrow-like array against the blue sky, may be seen making their semi-annual migrations, and heard by their peculiar penetrating notes. The eagle has been occasionally shot in town. The smaller summer birds are numerous, and increase rather than diminish by civilization, as their means ol' procuring food are improved by the gardens and grain-fields of the farmer. The robin, sparrow, yellow bird, whippoorwill, thrush, crow, hawk, king- fisher, woodpecker, oriole, catbird, blackbird, bobo- link, pigeon, bluejay, snowbird, scarlet tanager, par- tridge and butcherbird are found here, and the sum- mer woods and fields are musical with these natural choristers. Few or no reptiles of a venomous kind are known to exist at the present day. The rattlesnake has dis- appeared. Tradition reports that one was killed on WILTON. the spot where the house of the late Mr. [saac Blanch- eighteen feel square and seven feel stud, ;it least ; that ard stands. The black-snake, striped snake, green snake, the house adder and the water snake are the chiel species. Lizards are occasionally seen. Frogs and toads are abundant. Hats are common. The insect world is largely represented. Flies of all species, wasps, bees, wild and tame bornets, ants, spiders, mosquitoes, bugs of every variety and grass hoppers, which, though small in size, often pi iduce serious results upon the harvest-fields of the farmer, are abundant in summer. Of fishes, the largest, the salmon, were caught in theSouhegan as late as 177:; and 1774. The trout, shiner, sucker, minnow, juke and pickerel were com- mon in the streams, but seldom now reward the angler's patience and skill. of land should he cultivated; that the habitants should settle a learned orthodox minister, ami build and finish a convenient meeting-house for the public worship of < lod. Sewall Putnam, Esq., who is authority on all ques- tions relating to tin- early history id' Wilton, says. — "'I'll' i- i- no doubl Unit Hi' ■ M.ntliea-t , ( ; N 1 ..!' S;i l.tu -I a n.i i la The ..1.1 people ol \\ ilton, many years CHAPTER WILTON— (Com III. d). contil 1 west would run betwi ,n Ml M;i ik 1 loir sand .Mt. 1 loo's houses. That ShOWH Mm: ..1 t ,.■ present town ol W ill Salem-Canada in 1739. Jacob and l pfaraii i I'm urn. John Hill.- and John Badge] comment ed d - ttlemenl ull tin BOUtl ■ i ly pari "i tin' territory thus hii.l oul m| Salem 1 lanada. Kphrah i I'm mi loi ated mi whal ,- now Iol No l 1. in Hi. Ml, ran ;i al Hi' mi' secti hi ol tli-- roads near the north whip. terj 1 a daughter of hi" was tie, 1 rst child born in Wilton. I'KoPIUETAKY HISTORY — SALEM -CANADA — Till INDIANS —NO. 2 — INCORPORATION — SLIP ADDED TO 1 EM CLE. The first movement toward the settlement of Wilton was made in 1735. On the 19th ol' June of that year a petition was presented to the General Court of Mas- sachusetts, by Samuel King and others, for relief, in consideration "of their sufferings" in the expedition to Canada, under Sir William Phips, in the year 1690. Agreeably to the old Roman method of rewarding military .services, by colonizing the veterans, a com- mittee was chosen, consisting of Samuel Wells, Esq., Samuel Chandler and John Hobson, to lay out a township, containing six square miles, west of the Xarragansett town, called No. '■',, and return a plat thereof to the court, within twelve months, for con- firmation. This tract, including Lyndeborough ami the north part of Wilton, received then the name of Salem- < anada. The term Canada was obviously given on account of the remembrance of the expedition to Canada. The prefix of Salem was, probably, due to the fact that, in the early history of the country. Es- sex County. Mass., of which Salem was the shire town, or capital, was represented as extending hark, west- ward from the sea-hoard, to the Connecticut River, covering, of course, as may he seen by the map, the territory now occupied by the towns of Lyndeborough and Wilton. It has also been suggested that the signers ol' the petition to the General Court, for relief, may have been residents of Salem and the vicinity. The town of Salem-Canada, six miles square, was to he divided into sixty-three equal shares, one of which was to lie tin- the first settled minister, one for the ministry and one for the schools. The conditions of settlement were: that on each share, within three years, a good family should be settled, a house built, '■.Jii.'i.l. I'ntiriiii I- ate.l mi Hi.- -ontloa-t |ull "1 I. 't No I ., in tli. .Ml, range (tli anal 1 .01111. 1 . it the lots was a largo pinn ..n tli.' north kink of thestrea i Bhort distance below tl 1,1 saw-mill). II.- built the nous. '■ Mid I McCarthy now lives, [t was two storiei in front mill ..in- li.i.-k. 111.- front rafter" l,<-ing -.In .it. aii.l tin- to' Manyoftheold houses were built in thai style ..I archil house remai 1 in that snap.- until it was i.-m.i.l.-l. .1, with some addition, bj Mi . Joseph « ilson, ., I,- i' ..i ■ i" t ire hcsold it mid rem New Ol It.' ■-.I.ilin liitl.' - tivst ' mil)' v :i inn where tin- roads old house that In- afterward- Imilt. n.'W owned liv S II Dunbar, and it. -aid I ' I" Hi til-t t»"-t> I. Il In'ii-,- Imilt in W iltMi. It 1- lined be- tween the outside mid itiM.I. Iiiiii.li Willi 1,1 i. I., lor 1'i.ite, tinli agaihst thi- ll l, lull- tin In il, :i in,,! in |„'-. "ve ill ni . I, .1,1. Hale, John Hale, Jr.. and John Hale (3d), "ho died April :;. 1843, and was sold al auction bj nil,- east .1 Dal. " In D illy went tn a bloek-hoiise, "-works in Lyndeliorntigh. nursing lint what his wife February. IT In, the first a pathetic description of the sad I Ir. Peabody gi circumstance^ : "Ik- died in tin- night, 'tin- nearesl neig i ■■ i lid lie -I el lei- ' "v. led deep With >li>.w 111. th,. i, ,d as t..i' rest, left her children with their breakfast, and with strict :.i awake then father, as h. was asleep, and putting on U ii|, her. \ lie,- was holloaed ...it for .. .'Mini, and -... in the solitude, was he committed to tin- earth." id her child- t eight vears After her husband died, Mrs. Badge ren, of whom she had three, the oldest old. went to Hollis. The remarks of Mr. Putnam follow: '■ Vugusl -Till, lifter Mi . Iladg.i - .1. ,ll, a langhlei was I.mii t., Mis. i rson 1 Ho id was the father of our respected townsman, I 'avid (ram. Mr. Gideon Cram, late ,,l I.i ii. le _-li, «ii." lie ir s.,11. nli" was the falher ..I' Mrs. Man I", was Hal I l'"i lea gran. In... b settle The first settlers were front Danvers, Ma--. For after the settlement began, the wife of HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Jacob Putnam was the only woman who resided per- manently in the town. During one winter, such was the depth of snow in the woods, and Buch the distance from neighbors, that for the space of six months she saw no one but the members of her own family. Indians. — The Indians of this vicinity consisted principally of the Pawtucket tribe, who had their head- quarters, and, perhaps derived their designation from Pawtucket Falls, on the Merrimack River, near Low- ell, Mas-. The back country and the streams feeding the Merrimack River were their chief hunting and fishing-grounds. No permanent settlements of the aborigines seem ever to have been made in Wilton, though they traversed its territory for game. There were no large ponds or rivers to attract them, and they had no motive to make their habitual residence on the granite hills. They left few. if any, traces be- hind them,— perhaps a few arrow-heads, or hatchets of stone. Mr. Putnam reports that on lot No. 13, range 4, in the pine woods east of the Stockwell [dace, was a place dug out some ten or twelve feet square, which was supposed by many to have been an Indian camp, occupied when on hunting expeditions. Hill and valley, river and mountain, remain as the unalterable features of nature, but the children of the ancient wilderness have passed away forever, leaving scarcely a trace behind them. The one certain memento of their race is the name of the principal stream, the Souhegan, or Sowhagon, as it was sometimes spelled, signifying, as is said, in theirdialect, " the river of the plains.'' So tar as is known, no person belonging to Wilton was carried into captivity or killed by the Indians, except Henry Parker, Jr.. in the French and Indian War, 17o7. in the massacre of Fort William Henry, on Lake George. When apprehensions of attack arose, the settlers went into neighboring garrisons. Dangei about ten years. One garrison was in Milford, near the Peabody place, on the north bank of the Souhegan River. Another was in Lyndeborough, near Mr. Eph- rairn Putnam's. The anxieties of the pioneers were such that, in 1744. they sent the following petition to the i tovernor ami ( louncil of the Province ; st Tin: INDIANS. ' 'IV. liis F.xielleilfv. I'.-niiiii- W etitw.-rth, Ks-j,. '. ,., , i n,,i an.leomiiiau.ier- in-Chief -if bis Majesty's Province ..(' New Hampshire ••The petition of tli- Inhabitants ,.f S:ilrin i ana, I.,, to Humbly shews That your petiti- -mi- . -ily expeseil p, - I have not men Sufficient for to iiefenil us, Thattho there l... bul few of us, vri we have laid out oui estate.-, to begin iu this place, so that we shall be extremely lent if wemust now movi God. i. oui laboi i, a ane ( rop oi i -m en the ground^ and tho' we have a Garrison in the town, Built b\ Oi.hr <-f Muj. I.ovell, yet we have nobody empowi red so much as to - t a w ii h men to keep it ; we would pray your Excellency that «< D i In- iio\ernmi nt. iii Bending us some Bouldieig, to Guard anil Defend us, as in your wisdom von shall think proper. "Though we are but newly added to this Covet nni'iit. y.-l we pray your Excellency not to disregard us, hut to assist ns, that we may keep Joseph II -s and do service for the government hereafter A ml your Te- as in iluty Bound, w Ml ev.-r pi av. "John Cram, -ir John Cram. I ia\ nl Stevenson. John Bale. Jonathan train. Ephraiiu Putnam. Benjamin Cram. Abraham Leman. i 16th, 1711." No. 2.— The grant of Salem-Canada, in 17:;". by the Massachusetts General Court, and the settlements formed in it, were followed, in 1740, by the ion; m a new township from the proprietors, holding under the charter of John Tufton Mason, to a company of pur- chasers, forty-six in number. Many of them never resided on the lands, but afterwards sold them to settlers coming in. These shares were drawn by lot. The deed conveying the land was dated October 1, 174'.'. at Dunstable, and the lots were drawn on Octo- ber Pith. The name first given to the new township, which included on the north a part of Salem-< !anada, was No. 2. The following conditions were prescribed by the proprietors to the grantees: 1 1'w-, h-t- ,-f ei-lity acres '-a. h should be set apart to .i building of mills. : ota- -hare - -f two hundred ami forty aires should be given to the first minister. ■ One share Bhould in- set apart f.u the Christian ministry. !. on-- -htm- Bhould b.- given I" scl 1- .--. 'flu share-holders should make .,11 roads. - r-- -i .-- i.,.l-l. r- -1,--.,M -ttl. .,„ i build houses -a. forty lots. 1" 'Iii n-'t ttillillili-' thee I ii-. except ill case --f an Indian war. wen- lo foifeit tie- ■ 11. White pine trees were to be I.-- tve.l t--t tie- British navy. This new township, which, with new territory on the south, included a portion of Salem-Canada, received tin- name oi No. 2, as stated above. This name was continued till 1762, thirteen years, as the title of Sa- lem-< lanada had been for fourteen years, viz. : 1733 to 1749. No. 1 became afterwards Mason, Xo. 3 became Lyndeborough and No. 4, Charlestown, X. II. Wilton Proper. — In 1761, June 18th, the following petition for incorporation, was addressed to Governor Benning Weutworth : PETITION For INCORPORATION. 1- iicy. Binning W.-ntworth, Es-| , Governor, .Vc. in tin- I'rovtn 1 New Ilalllp-hlle, ainl the Honorable 111- Mate-tv - I oiiii.il ,-t saiil Province : ''Tb' l-etlti f US, the -111-- ill ! Landinsaid lv : five miles square, called and known bj tb.- name of Sumbi - .'. whii ll Township bound rand southerly on Peterborough slip ami Number l. Easterly on ye Mason's Grant, not taken up ; which Tracl ol i i is earTaxed t-> the Province with other Town- "Wewould, therefore, Humbly request of your Excellj that we ma} i- [ncorporated into aTi --- nship, and be invested with sucb Privileges and Immunities as othei Towns be-, 1 i-. . n|.-\ m 1 1, ie ye more easy carrying on our Public affairs ,vc. ten! tha t tb- so ol i'- a potation may be B. -iiiiih-il a. .oi iii u g to the Grant of the said Mill. t .Smith. in Vance John Burton. Robert Ii.nU. r. Philip Pntnam. David Barker. El ■ nezet Perry. John Di Jonathan Greele. Benjamin Thompson. Hugh Sinyli... Samuel Manaur. Jacob Putnam." The prayer of the petitioners was granted, and the town was incorporated, June 25, 17i'>2, under the name of Wilton, derived from an ancient borough in Wilt- shire, England. This act of incorporation was to con- tinue in force till January 1, 1765. The first town- meeting was held June 27. 17G2. A second act of incorporation was granted, January 2, 1765, signed by Hon. Benning Wentworth, Governor of the Province of New Hampshire, "to have continuance until His Majesty's pleasure shall be further known." As His Majesty and 1 1 is Majesty's successors have, so far as is known, taken no exception to it, it is presumed this act of incorporation remains valid to the present day. Addition of Part of Wilton to Temple.— In 1768 a petition was addressed to the Governor and Council, by the inhabitants of Peterborough Slip, the part of Peterborough lying east of the mountains called Pack Monadnock, to have one mile of the west part of Wilton, and extending the length of the town, five mile-, added to Peterborough Slip, to form an inde- pendent town. To compensate tor this -lire of a mile wide being taken off Wilton, the petitioners also prayed that one mile wide of territory might be added to the town on the east. The people of Wilton ad- dressed the authorities with a counter-petition, asking that Peterborough Slip itself might be added to Wil- ton, and deprecating any addition on the east. But the petitioners of the Peterborough Slip prevailed over the Wiltonians, and a tract half a mile wide and five miles long was taken from Wilton and added to Peter- borough Slip, constituting the town of Temple. Thus, after all these changes of names and bounda- ries, of Salem-< lanada; No. 2; Wilton five miles square; and Wilton four and a half miles wide by five miles long, as at present constituted ; we have the proprie- tary and territorial history of the town of Wilton up to the present time. CHAPTER IV. TOWN INSTITUTION'S — MEETINGS— OFFICERS — DEBTS- TAXES— HOUSES— ETC . It has been said that American liberty was born in the cabin of the "Mayflower" in 1620, when the Pilgrims made a covenant with one another, and 45 signed it as the instrument of their civil and religious polity. But its earliest effective institutions were the town church, supported by the taxes of all the peo- ple, and the town-meeting, to which all freemen were admitted and which regulated all municipal affairs. Thus more than a century before a thought was enter- tained of a free and independent nation, separated from tin- parent country, the citizens of the colonies were virtually put to school in the knowledge and practice of public and official duties in St church, and were trained to administer the affairs of the nation in peace ami war. De Tocqueville, in his " Democracy in America," the best work by a foreigner ever written upon our in- stitutions, says, — " In \.w En -l:i ii. 1 p. lit i. at 111.- tin. I it- ..ri-in in tli.- town-hip-. I it may !>e Sliil that .-ai'h ol thrill a ia ilialh t'.a 1 all ilalrp. n.l. lit natl-.n. '- Iii tin. Amrii' an town-hips [...wit has hren distributed with admira- ble skill for the purpose of interesting the greatest possible number of peis.ai- in th.- mi. m w.-al. '■ Tln-.v pnssr-s no. a.haiit.i",.-, Hhi. h -h-.n-h- .-van- th,. interest of nialikili.l, nalii'ly,— in.lep.-n.h-IRa- atl.t until, -rity h i- in. . ait. --tat.lv . i.-- an.l lial.it- ..f i.-i.uhli. an i:..\ .a nin.-iit in the United Slat.- w.-t. hi -I , r. at.-.l In III.- t..\\ li-hipsali.t tin- I'luvin. ial A— .-iiiI.1i.-b, ' ' A good illustration of this public spirit and interest in the common weal, which was strengthened and cherished by the township system, is found in the records of the town, dated July 15 ami September 8, 1774, in which the inhabitants enter into a covenant of non-importation and non-consumption of British goods. This instrument is given in full subsequently in the chapter on the Revolutionary War. It seemed a trifling thing for this little community of farmer people, perched mi the granite hills of a sparsely in- habited State, thus to fling defiance in the face of a great nation, but it had its serious meaning and weight. The act showed a determination to repel unjust laws by sacrifices of comfort and peace, and to vindicate the cause of freedom at whatever cost. It nls.. showed sympathy and made common cause with the sister colonies, wdm sulleriiig from the stamp act and taxation without- representation and other inva- sions of the rights of British freemen, needed the support of their brethren. That same spirit ac- irce as it proci eded sent " the embattled farmers" t.. Bunker Hill and Bennington, and finally after a war of eight years with one of tht p. overs of the old world, won the independence of the new. Town-Meetings, Etc.— These were usually held annually tin- second Tuesday of March. A public notice was posted by the selectmen, informing the people when, where, and for the transaction of what business the meeting was called and summoning the legal voters to assemble and discharge their legal duties as freemen. The assembly in early times was held in the church, but at the present day in a town- house or hall, built for the purpose. A presiding officer called, a moderator was chosen, and prayer was offered bv the minister of the church. A town clerk HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. was elected to record the proceedings. A board of selectmen, usually consisting of three men, was chosen to administer the affairs of the town, relating -, roads, the poor, taxes, etc. A representa- tive was chosen to the General Court or State Legis- lature, also town treasurer, town collector, superin- tending school committee, tithing men, constables, etc. Reports were read by the officers of the preceding year in relation to roads, schools, taxes, bridges, and all matters pertaining to the welfare of the town. Thus the town-clock was wound up to run another year. It was really a democratic republic in miniature. All power sprang from the people ami was referred di- rectly back to the people as the legitimate source of all human authority. In these political schools the people were nurtured and strengthened lor the days to come, the " times that tried men's souls." And the permanence and success of the republican system of government depend to a considerable degree upon the extension and efficiency of the public town-meet- ing. This is the uest egg of the political system of America. One who long filled important offices in town and who has been a careful observer remarks, — " ] am unable to perceive where we have in our political organizations any that are purely democratic, except in the towns and wards. All our other organizations, city, county, State, etc., are representative, and I think only in New England is the pure town organ- ization still retained." Town Debts and Town Taxes.— The expenses of the town for the church, schools, roads, bridges, pub- lic improvements, the poor, etc., were met by taxes levied on all property, real and personal, collected by an officer appointed for the purpose and paid over to the treasurer, to be disbursed by orders signed by the selectmen. Unfortunately in many States since the formation of the government the township system has fallen into disuse, and so there has been in some re- spects a perceptible decline in municipal liberty and spirit which augurs ill for the future of the country. Reports of public affairs arc now printed, not read before the assembly of the people ami submitted to their judgment. There is no discussion in the presence of the legal voters of the interests of the public and the caucuses cut and dry the measures to be adopted and the men to be chosen in office, while the town-meetings only ratify what has been deter- mined on elsewhere. The restoration of the town- meeting to its primitive place and power and its extension to all the States of the Union would be a most beneficial agency in the progress of America. All hail to the town-meeting! Town Hall or House.— As already seen the earliest town hall was the Congregational Church. The civil as well as the religious meetings of the town were held there. The moderator and town clerk oc- cupied the " deacons' scat " in front of the pulpit, the voters the pews and the spectators the galleries. The burning of the church in L859 led to the subsequent building, the next year, of the town hall, situated on the common in the centre of the town, just south of the site of the church, and in this hall the town meet- ings were held until 1868, when it was voted to sell the town hall, and the meetings were held in the depot hall at the East village. The town hall at the Centre was sold to a company and called Citizens' Hall, and is used for lectures, social meetings and amusements. At the annual meeting in 1883, it was voted by the town to erect a town house at the East village "for the convenient transaction of the public business of the town." The lot of land was given by the Messrs. Whiting and the building was erected at a cost of about twenty thousand dollars and dedi- cated January 1, 1885. Town Church and Town Schools will be treated of under the respective heads of "The Ecclesiastical Affairs" of the town and" Education." Town Officers, Census, Etc., will come under the head of the chapter of Statistics. CHAPTER V I ci I INI W| R'AL AFFAIF No more important subject is connected with the history of New England towns than that of religion and religious institutions; for the general spirit and motive which prompted the first settlers to "leave their homes in the old world and brave the perils of the wilderness in the new, was their desire to have free- dom to worship God. However imperfectly they carried out the idea, and however they may have been at times inconsistent in trespassing upon the religious freedom of others, their religious interests were their supreme interests. For these they lived, labored, prayed and suffered. If other lands and climes may boast of richer soils, milder skies, more precious mines, it is the glory of New England that the motto of her homes and her churches, her States. her schools and colleges was Christo et ecclesioe, to Christ and the church. Churches and Church Buildings. — We have al- ready seen the origin of the religious history of the town in the provision made by the original grantors to establish a town church, as was customary in those days by assigning one -hare of two hundred and forty acres to the first minister and one share of the same extent to the ministry in general. This town church, to the support of which all contributed by annual tas and on whose services almost all the inhabitants regularly attended, was for many years the only church in town, and went under the name of the Congrega- tional church, that being the form of the church gov- ernment. 701 The same grantors had also made it a condition in the original instrument oi* settlement, that a church building should be erected by November, 1752. This condition was fulfilled, ami a log church was built not far from the spot on the common, at the centre, where the Unitarian church now stands. It continued to be used for about twenty-one years, and was then taken down. The first minister was Rev. Jonathan Livermore, a son of deacon Jonathan Livermore, of Northborough, Ma-s., born December 18, 17ii'.i, grad- uated from Harvard College, 1760, was ordained De- cember 14, 1703, resigned February, 1777 and died July 2o, 1809. A sketch of his life and character is given elsewhere. The second meeting-house was a large two-story building, situated a little to the north of the old one on the common. It was built like the first one at the expense of the whole town. It had a porch at the east end and one at the west end. It had a high pulpit, after the manner of the times, over which was suspended a large sounding-board. Two rows of large windows extended round the building. The pews were square, with seats that turned up in prayer-time, and were let down with a distinct emphasis at the close. In front of the pews, before the pulpit, were open seats for the deaf and aged. Galleries were built on three sides of the church, supported by pillars planted in the church floor, divided into pews, and opposite the pulpit provided with seats for the sing- ers. In the early days, the attic, to which there was an ascent by a trap-door, was the powder-arsenal of the town; the earthly and the heavenly ammunition being thus stored under one roof. Originally there was no bell, but one was placed in the cast tower or porch in the year 1832. At the raising of the church on September 7, 1773, a terrible accident occurred. When the frame was nearly up one of the central beams broke and fell, owing to the failure of a post that supported it, being rotten or worm-eaten at the core. A large body of timber, boards and tools, such as axes, iron bars, adzes, etc., and upwards of fifty persons standing on the beams all tumbled down, in the middle of the building, some thirty feet to the ground. Three men were instantly killed, two died soon after of their wounds, others were crippled for life, and of the fifty- three that fell not one escaped without broken bones, terrible bruises, or cuts from the axes and other tools. As many of them were picked men from the town and the vicinity and were heads of families, it can be imagined what was the consternation and grief in the sparse population at that day, and how great was the loss not only at Wilton but to the neighboring towns. Upon reflection on the event in later times it has been not unnaturally conjectured that possibly a previous vote of the town may have had something to do with it, and that it was not altogether an accident, but the re- sult of too much good cheer and self-confidence on the part of the master workman and his associates. At a town-meeting June :;, 177.'!, it was " Voted to provide one barrel of West India rum, five barrels of New England rum, one barrel of good brown sugar, half a box of good lemons and two loaves of loaf- sugar for flaming ami raising said meeting-hoine." The people recovered their courage ami t ipleted the church, which was dedicated January 5, 177o. The pastor, Rev. Jonathan Livermore. preached the sermon (which has since been published), from 1 Chron. xxix. 14. Ibis church was struck by lightning on Friday, July 20, 1804, and, according to the narrative of Rev. Thomas Beede, then pastor of the church, "one of the middle posts at the east end was rent from top to bottom, the windows were burst out, and pieces of lath ami plastering were sent from the east to the west end of the house with a force sufficient to break glass; when the charge reached i he ground it took a horizontal direction and left visible marks upon the surface for several rods before it was conducted into the earth. There was no lightning-rod then attached to the house." One was afterwards put upon it. The second minister of the church was Rev. Abel Fiske, born in Pepperell, Mass., 1752; graduated at Harvard College 1774; was ordained in Wilton No- vember 18, 1778; and remained the pastor of the church until his death, April 21, 1802. He was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Beede, born in Poplin, now Fremont, N. II., 1771; graduated at Harvard College 1798; and was ordained in Wilton March 2, 1803, and resigned his charge, January 15, 1829. The organization of the church was at first by a covenant agreeably to the method of Xew England Congregationalism, not by a specific creed. The first church in Plymouth, where the Pilgrims landed, was organized in that way and still retains its covenant. During Mr. Beede's ministry a creed was adopted, but subsequently it was dropped and the church reverted to the original method of a covenant. This caused dissatisfaction among some of the members, and "a Second Congregational Church" was formed July 18, L823, holding Trinitarian views. It consisted of seventeen members at first. Rev. Stephen A. Barnard was ordained over the First church January 13, 1830, and resigned his office April 25, 1833. Rev. Abner D. Jones succeeded Mr. Barnard and was ordained January J, 1834. He was succeeded by Rev. Nathaniel Whitman, who was installed October 5, 1836, and continued pastor of the church till 1843. The following ministers succeeded Mr. Whitman, in rapid rotation, as pastors : 702 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. During this period several other ministers have, for a short time, supplied the pulpit. The Universalist Society.— The second religious society established in Wilton was that of the Univer- salists, in 181;.!; hut it had only occasional preaching, no settled pastor and no meeting-house. It was cus- tomary for them to meet in the Brick Hall, and in later years they had their services in the First Con- gregational Church. Baptist Church. 1 — The Baptist Church in Wilton was constituted April 7, 1817, with eleven mem- bers: Pierce Gage, Joseph Holt, William Mansur, Ebenezer Chandler, William Howard, Jabez Gold- smith, Joseph Smith, Abigail Smith, Lucy Smith, Mary Goldsmith, Chloe Bales. The lust surviving of these was Deacon Joseph Smith, who died March 1(1, 1883, aged ninety-four years and live months. He was made deacon very soon alter the church was consti- tuted, and held the office till his death. He was a man of deep piety and fully consecrated to Christ. Associated with him in the deacon's office, during most of his active life, was Deacon Timothy Gray. The same day the church was constituted, six were added to its membership by letter and seven by bap- tism. By letter, — William Goldsmith, Hannah Gold- smith, Anna Upton, Ketsy Holt, Esther Holt, Sally Mansur; by baptism, William Bales, William L. Bales, Timothy Gray, John Peabody, Susannah Smith, Nancy Cray, Sally Peabody. For some years previous to this a lew residents of Wilton had embraced Baptist principles and had united with the Baptist Church in Mason. The pas- tor of that church, Rev. Wijliam Elliott, frequently visited Wilton and preached to the people assembled in private bouses, the school-houses of the town being closed against him. The truth, however, could not be bound; quite a number received it gladly and em- bracing the same became consistent Baptists. During the winter of 1816-17 under the labors of Rev. < reorge Evans, the Spirit was poured out. Some were converted and the desire to have a church in Wilton, which had been for some time burning in the hearts of the faithful few, was so much strengthened that they resolved to organize a church and did so as above stated. The church thus constituted had no pastor for fourteen months, but was supplied a part of the time by Brother Benjamin T. Lane. Eleven were added to the church during this time. In June 1818, Rev. Ezra Wilmoth was settled as pastor, the church then numbering thirty-live. He baptized forty-nine. He was succeeded in February 182:!, by Rev. Bene] Lathrop, who served one year. After this for a while the church was supplied by neighboring pastors. From February 1823 to October 1827 twenty-five were baptized. In 1827, the church and society built its present );■ i;, , George C. Trow. meeting-house at Wilton Centre. November 7th it was dedicated, and the same day Brother Simon Fletcher was ordained. He served the church three years and baptized three and was succeeded in 1830 by Brother Caleb Brown. He was ordained and served the church two years, and during the time eleven were baptized. In L833, Brother Harrison Strong was ordained. He served two years and baptized nine. He was succeeded in June 1835, by Rev. John Cannon, who served one year and baptized seven. Alter this Rev. Ezra Wilmoth again served the church for a season and baptized seven. In August, 1838, Rev. N. W. Smith became pastor; he served eighteen months and baptized two. About this time fourteen members were dismissed to form the church in Lyndeborough. Thus the church at Wilton is a mother as well as a daughter. In June. 1840, Rev. J. P. Appleton was settled as pastor. He baptized twenty-nine. He was succeeded by Rev. Henry Tonkin, in April, 1843, who served seven years and baptized eight. In 1850 Rev. Horace Eaton became pastor. He served four years and baptized eighteeen. From 1854 to 1860, the church had no pastor. During this time three were baptized. In August, I860, Rev. Nelson I!, .loins became pastor. He baptized eleven and closed Ins labors in 1864. In December 1866, Brother S. C. Fletcher was ordained as pastor. He served the church seven years and baptized forty-nine. In 1867, the church and society built a parsonage at I iray's corner. In 1874, Brother William Libbey was called to be pastor and was ordained in October of that year. He baptized four and closed his labors in March, 1877. The church at once extended a call to Rev. J. H. Lerned, who commenced his labors in May. He held the pastorate sixteen months, but his health per- mited him to occupy the pulpit only a few months. Two were baptized. February 17, 1881, Brother George C. Trow was ordained and installed pastor of the church. The church has existed sixty-eight years and has had sixteen pastors. It lias winessed many precious re- vivals and has had baptized into its fellowship two hundred ami forty-four. Four of these are or have been preachers of the gospel. Second Congregational Church.- — The Second Congregational Church of Wilton was organized July 18, 1823. It consisted of seventeen members, five male and twelve female. It resulted from the conviction that the views and teachings of the pastor of the church of which these persons were members were not in accordance with the Bible, the chief difference of opinion being in respect to the doctrine of the person of Christ. The new church -' I'.v Rev. Alfred I i. Cracj WILTON. retained the confession of faith and covenant of the old church, thus showing that they were not dis- senters, but held firmly to the old-time creed. Pre- vious to the formation of the church an ecclesiastical society had been organized, May 16, 1823. It con- sisted of those men who afterward joined in the or- ganization of the new church and some others. Public worship was held for a time in what was known as " the Brick Hall ; " it was over a store at the < lentre of Wilton. The church was without an installed pastor until December, 1830, when Mr. Wm. Richard- son, of Andover Seminary, was ordained and in- stalled pastor of the .Second Congregational Church of Wilton. During the more than seven years since its organization, public worship had been maintained, sometimes by the aid of a minister; often a sermon was read and other acts of worship conducted by " the beloved physician,'' Ebenezer Rockwood, M.D. The first meeting-house of the Second Congregational Society was erected in 1829. It was dedicated January 1, 1830. The pastorate of Rev. Wm. Richardson continued till October 27, 1840. Rev. Dr. Humphrey Moore was invited to become their pastor. He declined the call, but served as acting pastor for nearly two years. Rev. Charles Whiting, second pastor of the church, was ordained and installed January 4, 1843; he was dis- missed February 13, 1850. Soon after his removal an attempt was made to unite the two societies. This proved unsuccessful, and the church again opened its house of worship. In the summer of 1851 an invita- tion was given this society to remove its place of wor- ship to East Wilton, where there was no meeting- house. September !>, 1851, it was decided to accept this proposal. A house of worship was erected at once, which was dedicated June 10, 1852. F:om Rev. Charles Whiting's dismissal, February 13, 1850, until February 21, 1850, when Rev. Ebenezer S. Jordan was called, the church was without a settled minister. Rev. W. W. Winchester was with the church two years of this time, but declined to be settled. Mr. Jordan resigned November, 1859. Rev. Daniel E. Adams, of Bangor Seminary, was ordained and in- stalled pastor December 5, 1860. His was the longest pastorate the church has had, terminating May ::, 1876. Rev. J. Newton Brown commenced labor as acting pastor December 1, 1876, and served the church till August 15, 1878. The present pastor. Rev. A. E. Tracy, began his services September 1, 1*711, as acting pastor ; was installed May 3, 1880. The deacons of the church have been: Burleigh French, chosen January 19, 1824; Abel Fisk, chosen September 2, 1831 ; Oliver Barrett, elected September 2, 1831 ; Hermon Abbot, elected June 6, 1852 ; Wm. Sheldon, elected June 6,1852 ; Chas. Wilson and Asa B. Clark, chosen December 10, 1875. Very soon after the formation of the church a Sabbath-school was organized. About twenty mem- bers comprised its whole number; now it includes more than two hundred. It very soon collected and has ever since maintained an interesting and useful library. The whole number connected with the church since its organization, up to January 1, 1885, was four hundred and eighty-six. The membership at that date was one hundred and forty-seven. An addition of twenty pews was made to the meeting- house in 1857. Again, an addition was made to receive the fine pipe organ, the gift of individuals to the society. In 1858 a vestry was built for social meetings. This was sold, and made into the pleasant home now occu- pied by N. D. Foster, Es.j. The present two-story chapel was built in 1867. Biographical Notices. — liev. Wm. Richardson, first pastor of the Second Congregational Church, was bom in Gilmanton, N. H., March 4, 1801 ; graduated at Andover Seminary, 1830; ordained pastor Decem- ber 15, 1830 ; pastor from 1830 to 1840 ; acting pastor at Lyndeborough 1840 to 1*41 : pastor at Deering, N. 11., 1842 to 1846. His eyes failed him and he lived in Manchester, N. 11., from 1*40 until his death there, September 6, 1869. His wife, olive Tilton, of Gil- manton, is still living. She was a lady of superior qualities. Rev. < 'has. Whiting, the second pastor of the church, was born at Lyndeborough, N. H., July 23, 1813. He graduated at Dartmouth College, 1830, and at And- over Seminary, 1*42; ordained January 11, 1843; pastor from 1843 to 1850; acting pastor 1850 to 1851 ; pastor in Fayetteville.Vt., from 1851 till his death, May 5, 1855. His wile. Sarah Wyman, of Greenfield, N. H., survived him, but is now dead. Rev. Ebenezer S. Jordan, third pastor of the church, was a native of Maine; as also his wife. A graduate of Bowdoin College, of Bangor Seminary; for a time resident licentiate at Andover; ordained at Wilton, December 17. 1857 ; dismissed December 5, I860. He is now settled at Brownsrield, Me., where he has been pastor since 1874. Rev. Daniel E. Adams was born at Camden, Me., 1832 ; graduated at Bangor Seminary, 1860 ; installed pastor in Wilton, December 5, 1*60; dismissed May 3, 1876. He went directly to Ashburnham, Mass., as acting pastor, and is there still. His wife, Ellen F. Kingsbury, of Keene, N. 1L, died May, 1**2. He was married, February, 1**4, to Miss Marion E. Center, of Wilton. Rev. Alfred E. Tracy, present pastor, was born in West Brookrield, Mass., July 2, 1845; graduated at Amherst College. 1869, Andover Seminary, 1872; or- dained and installed at Harvard. Mass, September 4, 1*72; dismissed September 1874; pastor in Ocono- mowoc.Wis., from 1874 to 1878; supplied church in North Springfield, Mo., from November, 1878, till June, 1879; commenced as acting pastor in Wilton, September 1, 1879; installed May 13, 1880. His wife 704 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. is Kate S. Harwood, born in Bennington, Vt. ; her home at the time of their marriage, North Spring- field, Mo. Liberal Christian Church. 1 — This church was or- ganized in the East village of this town, two miles from the Centre, in 1869. Its church edifice was erected and dedicated the same year. It contains the usual modern improvements, including a vestry in the basement; also a lecture-room, Sunday- school room, ladies' parlor and kitchen, with all its needful accompaniments; also a furnace, a fine organ and bell. Its site is very fine, being in every respect one of the best in town. The whole cost about ten thousand dollars. In their organized platform the words church and society are used in the same sense. The following articles are contained in their plat- form of fellowship : ail'l US U IUeallS ef Usefulness In etllelS. "Art. IT. We thus declare and claim to be members of the great union "fall Christian disciples, of which Jesua Christ is the living Head, by thu will of God. "Art. III. * * Receiving Jesus as our (liviii.dyegiven Tea-tier and Guidi . and e stlj seeking t.. have in u- a nieas f the Spiril that was in him, we pledge ourselves to follow tin' truth asit shall be made known to ..in minds, both m belief and in life. ■'Ait. IV. We will co-operate by contributing, of our time, interest and means, in sustaining tin- institutions ..f r.ligi.ui, and in all christian w.,rk that shall he undertaken hv llii- I' n "Art. V. Any per- nav I me. mhei ..1 (his I'limn hv signing this h.riu of association, no objection being made by these already tnem- The preceding is an extract from the records of the Society. Names of settled ministers: Aubrey M. Pendleton, from March, 1869, to 1875; Charles H. Tindell, from April, 1*77, to November, 1878; James J. Twiss, from November, 1.87'.), to April, 1884. Several others have preached here as supplies tin- a limited time during the past sixteen years. Salaries paid ministers by the society hitherto about one thousand dollars per annum. The audience room of the church has sittings for three hundred. The society is now tree from debt, and has a good amount of pecuniary ability, though its membership is not very large. Catholic Churches.-— The first Catholic services were held in Wilton in 1867 by Rev. Father O'Don- nell, then residing in Nashua. The entire Catholic population at that time was seventeen families. At this period there was already a small Catholic church in Milford, where services were held regularly once a month by Rev. Father O'Donnell. In L879 Rev. I'. Holahan was placed in charge of the Catholic populations of Milford, Wilton and Greenville, then Mason Village. Father Holahan resided in Milford. From that time Catholic services were held in Wilton twice a month. In lour years ilie Catholic population of Wilton trebled itself. In Bj O, , 1. Sumner Lincoln. - By Rev. Edmund E, Buckle. 1877 Rev. E. E. Buckle was appointed to the above in is-iiuis. Father Holahan going to Keene. In the autumn of 1881 a Catholic church was built in Wilton by Rev. E. E. Buckle, who took up his residence there. The Catholic population at this day is about live hundred souls. Church Edifices.— The First Congregational Church has had three houses of worship, all of wood : 1. A log church, 17o^-1772, which was taken down after being used twenty-one years ; 2. The large old-fash- ioned church which was burned after being in use for about eighty-four years, 1775-1859; 3. The one now standing, 1861-1885. The Baptist Church has had one brick edifice, which has been in use as a house of worship for about fifty-eight years. 1827-1885. The Second Congregational Church has had two houses of worship, one at the Centre. 1830-1851, and at the East village, 1852-1885, both of wood. The Liberal Christian Church litis one house of worship, built of wood in 1869, and still in use, 1869- 1885. The Catholic Church was built of wood in 1881- 1885. Eight houses of Christian worship have been built in Wilton, first and last, of which five still remain. Not far from fifty clergymen have been engaged in the ministry here in all the various churches. ill AFTER VI. WILTON— (Continued.) MANNERS AND CUSTOMS AND EARLY REMINISCENCES. So simple, yet so graphic, a picture of the New England manners and customs of the earlier times is given by one of the honored sons of Wilton, Dr. Abie! Abbot, that we give it entire. It is contained in the Wilton Centennial: "I will siva w.i.l about Sunday of olden times, on Saturday even- ing He- work ..f the week was finished, My father, aftei washing and putting on a skillet ol water, would get his razoi and soap, -it dew,, by He- I"' a,„l take ell his |.e,||,|, alteiwhllll heWellld hike hi, 1 '. 1 1 . 1 . • , sellle S seme Othd heel*. M \ til. I, attl-1 W.|sllil|- tile |ieI..|e.S. etc., and preparing l..r Sunday feed, used t,. make hasty pudding fur supp, ,, which was eaten in milk or, il that was wanting, with buttei I he hill, , Midi! l, w. I. put te Led , . Illy ill the BTI OJUg >e\ t ,,'n , ,. ,,1 ., , 1, ■ r . I . i in I he lhl.|e and etleied a prayer, S 1 alter which the younger part of the family and the hired help went to bed- indeed the family every night went to their rest soon alter supper, espe- cially iii tin- summer. Saturday night and Sun, lay and Sunday night a perfect stillness, no play going on, no laughing. The t us who were 'Id -h took il. e Testament, or learned the Catechism or a hymn, and read in the Testanu n1 03 prime! to fathei or i nether in the me ruing. For breakfast, when ue h.,,| milk siitli. lent, we had hread and milk , when this failed, i.ean and . orn porridge was the substitute. Some time alter the He\ ,,1 uti, marv wai. f.e Sunday morning tea and teasl were often used \- we lived at a distance fi meeting (nearly three miles), these who walked set out pretty s , aller nine ...leek, and tleee who red. en horseback were ehligeil te start -, ,..n att.l them: the roads and pole bridges were \.i\ had, and (he horses always carried double, and wfe i m M . .f Hi.- saddle lii-f.'iv Mi. falh.-i All ». mi I.. I. n- .-\..-|.t s > . : i.,. .iii.i i ,i.. .,.■■!■■ ■■ ■■■■■■■ ild not taki " : ul " " ttie pudding, I><'il. and ' ■' : ' Those who went i - used to pul int. tli - e Bhort-cake 01 loi H meeting at four o'clock, often much late] 1 .hit.l\ tin w. the table, and the men took i-ar-- ...t th>- ■ »- -t -• -. .m-l in tin- wn otbel cattle, etc li short days it would ..ft.- sninli.uii I. very Boon after, we got home The sled with oxen was often meeting when the snow «..- deep, or by tin-" who did not keep Vft, i suppei the ■ I ildren and > mngi r part "' ''" ' '""' l "" : ' ' n ! i-ad in tli.' 'IV-tam- lit ami l'lini. I, and, It* then- v, ..ul ili.-n r..t.. I, . -.„ ; Hi. -A ii.l.i - .iH.l Mil". -I" i-t liyinnsaiid |.. - i I ai v\ ill- i i guage was use to i-"i Industry and . li. i-.. n. .t Ali.!..v.-t A. a.l.-mv. I .!■■ k that |.r..tal ;..\i.liilii'ii.ir li. .11. i-.l. and It "a- -ii|; ■■■ was a!-. nt tin- '""i *uiid '"' •• ,l '" visit . ill-, bowi vi :. '.- i abits, I supp - . !• i ■■!■ n i t t II- ■ ' r.-.'hti.i; gluuii -mi. lav was gone orwould not come. say ah,. lit Sunday, iv .-|.l that tin- m.-.-t •■ Now whs re -hall I say? A poor enough. We used to read, -|„ 1!. " t.-i. hers were not taught. The | the Bible or Testament were tli ■ I kl who u.i- then a -,.| Inn ire i liege, Speaking ul tin- mothers, the same writer as above ■ -. and tln-ir linsiu.-ss,_,,nr Hi'' Their living and dress | luceil i provement m tne soutn nisi tl.--. - I ul \\ 111. ai I" ' sound theology I venerate thing ■ I-.- t"i theil anxiety education, literal-) ind relif have li" doubt it did them in.. n joy : Tl."> wen The Sawyer age : ii mutual, and ai I and relief, a- lar a- possible, were afforded, indeed one family— all iu< -nil.i-i- "f syinpathi/ins hndy." ■ illnu iii-' reminiscences arc by Mrs. Vehsah Allan, of Marion, Me., eighty-four years of ed a postal l « ill ■■■ ■ - proposed to publish a history of Wilton. It would be very II. „l | the p. a "t i ready write] in my a.l- the liistorj earl} recollei tions • •( lid-.', ha.-iv l.n.l.lui- and lu-.la . I.I -ad and etc. When there was company t" entertain, c coffee. Pewter basins or porringi i- and - mi I ui'li able , ..Hi, i- ili.it will give clearer uill iiv I', etati ,.-.,.- ..I age, when 1 left f..r neighbor came in for any purpose he was asked to drink I r or cider. When women visited theil m i_hh..i- they w.-ut early in Hi" .." r carried their work, and ntniind h > before >nnd.iwn l i take ca] tl milking the cows and s.. forth. Tln-ir i-iii.-it.n nt \\ as i n.nly short-cake, baked by the fire, and tea, except in the early part of the i: . ,| ,i, nary wai I'-i the visit they often put on a clean chequered apron and handkerchiel and short, 1 gown '■ In the winl. r >.'\.-lal ■■! I In- !.■ i _ t ■ > ■ a- w-aild in- I f.-i a -,. i.il ,■ fil- ing, and would Inn. a Biipper. There were ilect parties ; all wen neighbors, the Scriptun sense The maid and boy in the family the sain.- a- tin- rhiMi.-ti m all i.-|..-it- I -I" n.-t recollect evet hearings store which, I presume, -land- close to the dwelling-house o about i:''....i 1797, In- filled his-store. Tl. ■■ "Id I k.- whii I .i, a, thai In- Had. .- I the surrounding .a ad, ling towns which traded at hi- stol exchanged produce foi - :-. >w I' as halt' i ■ ahes, -t Here i- a -mall sample of a bill I charges, etc., February, I-"'-. beans, rye, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. • Dd>'"r t" X>it!i.n,id .S.Kcv-.r 'Feb. 3, 1 lb. ofeugar, li ug of flip ■Is of ashes, at 9d 2s, 9d. : 1 < 1 lb. shells, 1« :; 6 : G I I- i bushel . 2 busl >ls of beans ' "Federal money had not taken the pla I pounds, shillings and 1"- '-"i came mi practice Boon after. "I' w &« '"'"li to go to the store with Bmall articles of j luce to <* ''"'-'■ for 8 1- ; " was often a Intl.. stimulus would be called in,, will, the mistaken idea that it would 1 i - 1 . t . • 1 1 1 1 . . ■ i ;uv, md ]; r would '"' "'""' easily borne; verj few accounts were ■ I without many charges of the vile beverage The mug holds a quart, the half mug a pint. In winter flip was i mouly called for, which was made from 1 i • '"' Iron, called the hottle, wa lei i in the fire-place to have if quickly heated to warm the 1 r. West [udia mm. with loaf- i i rackei and nutmeg grated ovei it, in idi .. drink worth tin- pi h'e; toddy was a mixture of rum, siif;ai' ami water, with other fix- ingsii required blackstrap was sirnply rum and molasses. Spirituous 1 pli . no partii -. no l» n. in- i i_i,' i ... ■ ■ iv ■ l.ii-I -a a I'll. -II. I si. I, .■•.,! ,. , : i.li. !>].". in tin- families, 1. nt fire-places w :• ■■• 1 -■• rliMll^li t" a.llint a l-tl _■- I"- at tin- ha, k, Willi a ti< 1 1|.|- in.| as ll! -" " " ' andirons in front, with a l I supply ol « Ion the top. T '•' - le afire that was a joy to all the family, and often a pine would 1 ■ addition t.. make a little more light lor t hildn a ■ I - by fol ti..- morrow's school. Our brooms were made frc yellow hiteh, -tii|.)„-,l ; at Inn. - w. It.iij t.> us.- small hemlock lwi u -, "These] Is weie w. -II attended, eniisi, I, .rim: it,,. ,!i-i.,m .■ t.. walk; tliere was some very cold w.atli.-i ; it ma. I I.I I. ami* ami t'.-.i. n, -,e '"' us children . loubt wn !,.,.! .-. t ., weathei with .jm i-- a iiumliei .■! degrees below ri tided with the warm clothing that ,! '-' blest with now, yet the: were punctual at si- I. Teachers " "•* "I"-- boarded in -i ■ n -.i I i - i length, n li..- -. I I the I passed off with little variation, 6ewine was taught with ifailiiii: and spell ine ; the lesson was learned from Perry's spelling hook ; shoulders to draw the wool through the cards, and not unfrequently 'here would !»■ parties ai ig II,.- young] pla to help each othet in breaking wool, which was considered half carded, when they had fin- ished (heir alien,..., n work. " 'flu ii I a. 1.- Nathan Martin would timl his way to the house. Though blind he could fiddle. Very h-w in those days hut could nil, the lightfan- '■'-li' '"• 'I ni.ani.,1 in I nolo Nathan's' violin. '■■-■ii wasof I, manufacture, suchartii let of i omforl as undershirts, diawers and even lined punts, I novel heard mentioned before 1812. The hist carding machine near Wilton, was in New Ips- wich, not earlier than 1808, wool -was carried thereto be carded. Flax "-'■i"-'-' '" the majority ol B immei clothing was mostly made from Ma\ anil eottoll irdoi my dissension of religious opinions until lsos. Tin- first ministel- ..I tin town ask..,l ilisii,is-i..n, why I never heard, but always beard him spoken of as a trulj a I man, he nevei » ' '' '' '-'■ '"' ■ '■ ''■■'■ ' ' '■■ "■' '. on ..at ll. was .conversing with a friend about tl tola liberal education, said he, 'Had 1 known that "" sou, .vhom 1 have educated, would Lave chosen a legal profession, I never should have expended ich for him. Hisfriend made answer '" ]''i". 'I' " I ible foi lawyi rsto 1»- i bristians.' -1 believe it,' said be, 'but it i- oo ran "Hi- .hail, was very sudden, - , aftei he retired something unusual a;,],..,!..! in I,,- 1. 1. at hi,,-, hi- wit.- spoke to him. he I.- no answer, she went ha a light, when she returned life l.a.l departod. He was the first persoi .I in ill.- South Cemetery. Rev. Abel l-'i-k was the next min- ister. I think he was very much beloved by the people, and they hit ] " f l ""- I" ■' 'I' as Beede wa- the next ordained minister, some of the I P'e »•" so pleased thai they expressed themselvesas having their I,.-- more than made up to them. "Mr. Beede was a gentleman wl ild win the youth bj histeach- ings in 5i I.....' ..... I ..,,i ..i s. I i. his kindness in various ways, bisjudi- ' -n-lvi.e 111 little, htli.nlties, .-vol t.-a-lv to loml.-r assistallee I., the " ly, 'I It could not always i ieeds it was always in words of sympathy ami en. niiiae.enie!it w In, li had the effect to do g 1. How many have I n II' I in tln-ii . "In. ati.'ti |.\ hi- .11. a :- t.aily tor ' "' n > '"' th.-n- ,-..|h_i.,t,' .-"in-. 1 1..- tew advantages with whii Ii I wa- 1. 1. I I owe l.. .Mi. an. I Mrs. Beede. II,- was my Inst ill,. , Is ,7 i.. 1812 '- Liet a. ,11 llllt,, I Will,. 'lit l.ivilii; »l- <•'' 1 .1. HI''. 1,1 I - |'|' .:■' iritahly. 'Toeri wa- human, vited all ii,- children who would !-h.. use, neat' the Illeeting-hoUSe .lay appoint,'. 1 ti.. :.■ wa- ., -i, at ll,.,.' w.',.' s.'iii,' , I exe.-llenl lie ml. - t.'t voi ..I i.iii-i,' ii, those I ■ ■ . ■, pUshl ■: . theln-t man Mansur'a field, on the th side of the li""S' has I ii hujlt at.,, nt half a mil,- toward a thing as bringing a pail of watei inn... - 1. thought out of order ; how many times the well which belonged to the house, late! own.. I ilm ' I, a part . t >li. Gil- reraembei it now. -.- then a new " In th.' iiiiin-li v village. Such singing. Thcj -an . iii.i have I ti line, commence the .•■1 t" run l" Mi.- In," ami tiny would arkhurst : how singers » i-l ■■! i ■ in kct' that hung had three sessions a "ti the .nil. ami est in them. Alter lays. the Bingillg ; tin- w. have worshiped ;t. years, thi * wouli years ago. tin -n pn judii ■ wa- ■■ and the pastor, Rev. ■■ '.111 lulVl.lthrl- W..|>lljpri], ht.U SM I ■ -■•II. ll tl.i\«., \-...||.|i'llti- -ll-' .liil Iio| •i. a d the soul Liu . board. .-. n. ;..- : ■!._ si rmona '" passed from one to another, to keep - were >>iv well filled, verj few stayed r meeting-h iuse ".■- not conceived ettled by farmers ; <-\. ry family manu- lll'l Mi— III.- W.m.I .iil'l 111- fcliuik' part . •■! tli.il -. hoOl Ml i I lie in in i -I iv .- 1 Ml' l'i-k lli._\ I i.i' I what i- I. Tin, .1 . niurr^atinlial from David - Psalms . the Deai ■ n would read -i line, all [h<- people w ( .iil. I I.'lluu In::.. finish the psalm in thai way. At last the younger irove.anda Mi Heuri k was hired ... teach. He uM-;tI ititt'l- music with n iiilvam-fil M.i^-.u. it Wilton. ■•Tli. -iv - ■ ■t Btop to hear, one said he ■i i' 1 tyed . i. ..I any place, li. i did doI lik« tl ■ ■!■ >.i - ned H..' Baptist flum-li in : Clmn h wa- ■■i^.iiu/. .1 in :.' veteran that was very much pn-jinlhrd a-ainst a rei- tain iiiiiii-rrr wh,. ,-.\<.'liaiigt.'il with >h . Il.-.-.l., tli.' ..Itl gml Icman i_l.t. «li.ri' iiiv parents, l.i ,.t 1,,-r ~ nu.l sisters worshipped Change, change is -written on many things, and Wilton lias had its share. " Although my l"t has l-.n ra-t i n a i" I li"i locality, I still Wing to tl temory of the early associations of my childhood, an. I the boatman will call forme to land me on the shore 'over there,' where man) ..,. gone before, and not a great while heme it will be my lot to go as they CHAPTER VII. l'AI 1'ICIIISM ANH INS VMTY. In the earlier stages of New England civilization the conditii f the abnormal members of the com- munity, such :is paupers, the insane, orphans, slaves and criminals, was a hard one. Puritanism made men and women stern, resolute, firm, severe, but not particularly gentle, <•■ an j>a-si< .nat i-, sympathetic or humanitarian. God himself was looked upon as King and Judge, rather than as the Universal Father. If men suffered, the feeling- was that they ought to suffer. It was the Hebrew code, rather than the Christian, — an eye for an rye anda tooth for a tooth. The Indians were regarded and treated as the children of the devil and worthy of extermina- tion. They were often sold into slavery. Slaves were made even of white men. Little ( passion was felt for those who fell out of line and did nut keel' step with the march of society. The poor were sold at auction, tor their maintenance, to the lowest bidder. The insane wen- regarded with superstitious awe, and often shut up in cold and filthy out-houses, sometimes chained, without tire, suitable clothing, proper food or medical attendance. I knew, in one town, where a man was confined in a rage for thirty years, from which he had never been out but once. The treatment of criminals was harsh and vindictive, and the condition of jails and lock-ups was a reproach to civilization and Christianity. Orphan children, apprentices and the friendless often experienced little mercy or commiseration from those who had them in charge, or from the community. Domestic and school discipline, even to the morefavored, was grounded on the proverb of " sparing the rod and spoiling the child." Such was the general character of the times, to which there wen-, of course, many notable exceptions worthy of all commendation. I'.ut till these features are so changed now that they appear as almost incredible to later times. There have been no reforms more remarkable than those oi the amelioration of the condition and life of the weak and suffering classes. The leaven of ( Ihristian- ity has been leavening the whole lump, and reaching out and down to the very outskirts of society. The spirit of Him who came not to destroy men's lives luil to save them, and to seek and save' the lost, is be- coming the corporate spirit of Slates and cities. When we consider the progress of the last one hun- dred and fifty years in the direction of humane and benevolent activity, we cannot but hope for still greater and more beneficent changes in the near future. The Ccnhiniiiil Pa in I'lild tells us that "The first pauper in town was hy the name ofsti-att who received ....I from il.- town hei the Revolul r tin- time till 1830 there were bul seven families-and these but in part— who wen- supported by aionally received aid In 1830 a farm i"i the i was purchasedand were nearly sufficient, in most years, to paj the wages of the overseer and lamily an. I lor tin- su[,]..al t ..! th.' | r." Town Farm.— At the annual town-meeting in March, 1830, the town voted to purchase a farm on which to support the poor. Joel Abbot, I diver Per- ham and Daniel Batchelder, selectmen, and Jonathan Parkhurst and Jonathan Livermore were appointed a committee to purchase a. farm, stock, tools and furni- ture, and employ a man and his wife to manage the same. The paupers were supported on this farm thirty- eight years. At the annual town-meeting in March, is.;-, il,.- town lit a committee of three to .lisposo of the personal property on the town " I'.'/.W, '['hat llie s.'l'Ctlnen a|,|" .1 t sell th. town farm." - I"'"', Tli.. I ihi- commit sel farm on the 1st .lay ..f April next." •• Voted, That this committee be authorized and empowered todisposi of, sell and convey sac I farm and to give a .1 1 ..I the same." The farm comprised lot No. 8, in the eighth range, and about three-fourths of lot No. 8 in the ninth range of lots. The farm was formerly owned by Nathan A. Whiting. After tin- town sold the farm the paupers were provided for by i ontract. Hillsborough County Farm.— The increase oi manufacturing at Manchester, Nashua and other vil- lages in the county, and the law passed in 1841 mak- ing void all "settlements'" gained in the towns prior to L796, added much to the number of the paupers to be supported by the county. The county judges— 1 Ion. Jacob Whittemore, of Antrim, and lion. Jesse Carr, of Goffstown — at that HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. time had the superintendence of all matters relating to the county paupers. For the purpose of lessening the expenses to the county of maintaining the pau- pers, in the latter part of the year 1849 they pur- chased ofNoyes P ■, Esq., of Goffstown, a farm, for which was paid ten thousand dollars. At the session of tin Legislature of 1851 the Rep- resentatives of Hillsborough County met in conven- tion for the purpose of examining the financial af- fairs of the county, and the following resolve was passed : "Baolvid, That Jonathan D. Clement, of Weare, he and is hereby ap- pointed, in behalfoi this convention, to make examination into and thoroughly inve&l g ti th< tn cial affairs of the countj foi thi last five yearB,and to mak< andreport to the next count) convent] -t;itriiioiit "I Tin ;■ iCiirr- h -I .-.e I, ■■[ -:.M vimi'-, I a Jul! and particular lid affairs In detail, for each oi I In' two last years, and that said Clemen! have power to send for persons and papers in making Baid investigation This resolution, having been considered bj the con- vention, was, on motion, adopted by unanimous rotes. Mr. Clement submitted his report to the Conven- tion of Representatives of Hillsborough County, in convention, June session, 1852. From that report we take the following account of the expenses of the county for paupers in 1 1 1 « - years named in the report : Cash paid October term, 18+6 84,328.13 Cash paid January term, 1847 .... 379.03 Cash paid April term, 1847 1,00 I .0 89,710.60 Cash paid October term, 1 s 17 5,931.18 Cash paid April term, 1848 ..... t.cis.v:: Cash paid October term, 1848 8,563 15 Cash paid April term, 1849 6,096.76 12,660.31 Cash paid IMnlier twin, 1 sill 7,518.94 Cash paid April term, 1850 6,554.53 14,073.47 ' •' ' I'ni.l llrtnl>.T tiTin, IS.'.II J.'.ln un Cash paid .January term, 1851 -Jl-l.nS Cash paid April term, 1851 2,487.32 5,048.80 I '.i,;, j„,i,l/„i ..,.,,,„-,•/ ,,/ (■„„„/,, l\ni„. Cash paid o,n,l„i t.-rm, 1sr.ii |,i 50 W Cash paid January term, 1851 l,Ti;4.77 i ash paid April term, 1851 1,707.76 Total for th,' years lsM'-al $10,171 1 I In February, 1850, the judges notified the several towns that the establishment in Goffstown was ready to receive paupers. In the report of lN-ifl is the account The firsl report of the justices was dated September •".. 1850, the institution Inning been occupied about six months. At that time there had been one hundred and seventy-six paupers at the farm, eighty-eight having been the largest number at anytime, and seventy- seven being the average number. The law passed by the Legislature in 1855 re- modeled the judiciary, abolished the offices of county justices and road commissioners, and created the olliee of county commissioners, with the same duties and powers of those of the county justices and mad commissioners. In the report of the commissioners, dated Decem- ber, 1S")7, for the year previous, the expenses of the paupers areas follows; At the county farm $4,546.33 Paid to towns for sup] oi county paupers 5,544.73 To pay spi-i.-ialrn.iti acts, X.-w Hampshire Asylum, printing, etc. C14.32 Total 510,705.38 Whole numbei of paupers at thi farm, 281. Average number, Ni 1 . Xumla-r nf wi-i-ks' ln-anl nf panp. is, M;vl. The Legislature, in 1860 or 1861, passed a law making void all settlements gained prior to 1X40, that threw the support of most of the paupers upon the county, and caused the sale of the farms that were owned by the towns on which the paupers had been supported. The next report we have is for the year ending January 1, lSii.S, which was the year the paupers were removed from Goffstown to Wilton. Late in the year 1866 the buildings at the farm in Goffstown, with the exception of the barn, stable and corn-barn, wen- destroyed by lire. The representatives of the towns of Hillsborough County, in convention at Manchester, in January, 1807, instructed the county commissioners to sell as speedily as possible, consistent with the interest of the county, at public or private sale, the county ] r farm at Goffstown, in whole or in parts, and such parts of the personal property connected with the farm as they deem advisable, and directed and author- ized them to purchase the Whiting farm, in Wilton, s" called, at an expense not exceeding the sum of twelve thousand five hundred dollars, and directed and authorized them to erect such further buildings on said farm as may be necessary for the accommo- dation of the county, at an expense not exceeding ten thousand dollars. The county look possession of the farm April 1, 1867, and a building was erected of wooden materials, eighty-two by forty feet, three stories high, with cellar under the whole, cemented bottom, and par- titioned into rooms suitable for the purposes needed. The farm is bounded on the west by Temple, and the north line is one-half mile from the south line of Lyndeborough, and contains four hundred and thirty-six acres; also, northwesterly from the build- ings, a lot of one hundred acres, that is bounded on the north by Lyndeborough line, is included in the farm. Since the farm was purchased by the county, there has been expended in building, including the 7(19 boiler-house and boilers, over twenty thousand dol- lars. In 1884 a wind-mill, with the necessary apparatus, was put in for raising water int. > the building, at a cost of five hundred and twenty-one dollars. This arrangement has proved satisfactory. A number of years since the establishment was made a county House of ( 'onvtion, which adds to the number ol' (hose that are able to work. While Captain Buinpus was the superintendent, twelve an-.- of the pasture west of the buildings, to- wards the intervale, wire cleared of rocks; and since the present superintendent, Mr. Charles A. Stiles, has had charge, twenty acres north of the buildings and ten acres east of the road have been cleared of the rocks, with two acres that have been commenced, which, when completed, will make forty-four acres changed from rough pasture land to smooth fields. The old walls have also been cleared off, making but one field on the west side of the road. On the southerly part of the farm is a large orchard of nearly all Baldwin apples, from which, in 1883, were taken twelve hundred bushels of marketable fruit. We extract from the report of 1873 the following statistics : Number at tin- almshouse January 1, 1st.', Ins. Admitted during tli<' year, 1 In. Deaths during the year, 11. w eeklj average during the year, lis. Number al the. shouse January 1, 1st::, 120. Of the one hundred and forty-six admitted during the year, twenty-nine were sentenced to the House of Correction. From the report for the year we take the following statistics : Number at tin- almshouse May 1, 1883, 2 Admitted t. . May I, 1884, 253. Disi barged to May 1, ism, 243. Support-al ana pail ially suppoi t.,1, 4'.i7. Births, 11. p. aths, 21 Weekly average, 266 Nulnl'er at rh. ;ilius-le m-e May 1, lss-l. For Bupport of paupers al F,,r support of p.uipris ii Total 'est of supporting paup.Ts in tin unty of Hillsbor- ough from May 1, 1883, to May 1, 1884 837,103.57 Since the county farm has been established in Wil- ton, three chaplains have held office, — Rev. S. < '. Fletcher. Rev. I. S. Lincoln and Rev. George ( '. Trow. Me. -is. Fletcher and Trow are Baptists, and .Air. Lincoln Unitarian. The last gentleman officiated for ten years, ending May 1, 1884. There have also been two superintendents, — Captain G. G. Bumpus and ( '. A. Stiles Esq. Crimes and Punishments.— J n the time of our fathers, whipping was a common punishment lor small offenses, such as petty larceny and assault and bat- tery. This custom is revived in several States of the Union, as the proper infliction for wife-beaters and other despicable criminals. But cruelty in general only begets more cruelty and barbarism. Wife-beaters arc almost without except ion drunkards. To prohibit liquor-making and liquor-selling is the sure method to stop wife-beating. At the County Court held at Amherst ( October, 1771. Jonas Stapleton was sentenced to he whipped twenty stripes, and to he sold as a slave lor seven years, pro- vided he could not paj his tine. It is not stated what his tine was. An oak on the Wilton common was. in very earlj times, the whipping-post. A culprit, condemned to this punishment lor stealing clothes from a clothes- line, while undergoing the lash, made his shrieks heard across the valley, a mile away. An old lady relates that, tit a later period, a whipping-post, eight or ten feet high, stood at the southeast corner of the common. Here justice was administered by the offi- cers "f the town to till violators of the law. The same post was also used as a bulletin-hoard for no- tices. Aggravated crimes have been very rare in Wilton history. Robbing graves was at one time carried on to some extent, but though the offenders were strongly suspected, and almost certainly identified, no positive proof could be obtained sufficient for an indictment and conviction. A document still exists in which it is recommended to the town to ferret out such heinous doings, and to re- munerate a detective who had been employed to visit Boston and bring the criminals to justice. But though some persons tied IV town, no arrests were made, and the whole affair subsided. At another time a native of the town, no doubt deranged, dis- interred a body in the North Cemetery, and carried the bones to another State and showed them to some persons. In 1 s« ;r, ., supposed horse-thief was passing through town and was arrested and indicted, tinder the name of W.J. Hunter, alias George Brown, but the evidence failing to convict him, the man was discharged. Some \ ears ago an altercation took place on the pub- lie street in East Wilton, on Sunday, in which Thomas Broderick, of Milford, struck one Doyle on the head with the edge of a 1 id. Doyle tell and died in a few minutes. Broderick was convicted of man- slaughter and sentenced to the State Prison for a term of years. Alter about one year's imprisonment, he was pardoned out by the Governor, on a peti- tion signed by a large number of the citizens of Mil- ford. About the year 1868 two young men— Newgent and Howard — committed several burglaries at East Wilton, but were arrested in 1'elerboroiigh, and tried and sentenced to the State Prison for three years. 710 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Less than a month elapsed between their crime and their punishment. About the year 1870 a young man by the name of Barry was convicted of committing a burglary at East Wilton, and sentenced to the Mate Prison for two or three years. The greatest slunk ever given to the public morals and the honorable repute of the town was by the repeated crimes and public execution of Elwin W. Major. January 5, 1877. Major was born in Goffs- town and was about thirty years of age. lie had removed with his parents, at live years of age, to Randolph, Vt., thence went to Manehester, X. II., when nineteen years old, where he worked for some time, then removed to Iowa. He returned East, worked tor a time in Goffstown, and then went to Wilton, working in a mill and cabinet-shop, and finally on a farm tor Moses Lovejoy, whose daughter Ma he married in 1869. On the 20th of Decem- ber, 1S74, .Mrs. Major was taken suddenly ill, and on tin' evening of the same day died. Her sudden death led the town authorities to investigate the ease, which resulted in evidence that led to the belief that Major had purchased strychnine in Nashua a lew weeks previously, and also of his criminal intimacy with another woman in Wilton. These discoveries were followed by other facts, which, added to Major's questionable reputation, convinced people that he was a murderer. Major was arrested, and, after two trials, was con- victed of murder and sentenced to be executed January •">, 1875, on which day he was hanged at Concord, in the precincts of the State Prison, protesting his in- nocence to the last. George Peacock, in 1 ^7 ^ < .r L879, was sentenced («> the State Prison lor three years tor burglary at East Wilton, but after one year's imprisonment was par- d jd out by the Governor on petition. None of the criminals above named were natives of Wilton. Statistics prove that by far the greater part of the pauperism, insanity and crime in the community are due to the use of intoxicating liquors. CHAPTEE VIII. WILTON— {Continued). Schools, LIBRARIES, EDUCATION, ETC. Schools. 1 — Wilton was first settled in 1739, and was incorporated asatown in lTiii'. Recognizing the pre- vailing sentiment of New England respecting the im- ol tree schools, the grantors of the land con- stituting the principal part of the township, in order By G ■-•■ L. Dasco to encourage settlements, set apart one share, which consisted of two hundred and forty acres, for the use ofschools. This land was sold before the town had become so fully populated as to render it very valua- ble, and the proceeds invested as a small fund, the annual income of which was appropriated for the purposes for which it was designed. The first record which we find respecting schools, excepting the locating of the school lots of land, was in 1767, when the town voted "to raise six pounds, lawful money, for a school this year," and "chose the selectmen a committee to provide said schools." For the next ten years about the same amount was annually raised, and the schools were kept in dwell- ing-houses in different parts id' the town, as would best accommodate the inhabitants. In the midst of the trials and embarrassments of the Revolution the interests of education were not neglected; provision was made every year for the maintenance of schools. From the close of the war till the end of the eighteenth century a larger sum was appropriated tin- schools than for town expendi- tures; and down to the present time the amount raised for the free education of the children of the town has always been largely in excess of that re- quired by law. School Districts. — In 1787 a committee consist- ing of nine persons divided the town, which com- prised twenty-five square miles of territory, into " five districts tor the purpose of building or repairing school-houses at the expense of each district." In 1807 the selectmen, by vote of the town, recon- structed the districts and constituted eight, which were thenceforward designated by numbers. Subse- quently two additional districts were formed from portions of these, so that the township now contains ten districts, having eleven school-houses, containing thii Men school-rooms. School-houses. — The school edifices of the early limes seem to have been designed to withstand the vandalism id' the boys rather than to afford comforts and conveniences for the pupils. They were warmed — so far as they were made warm at all in winter — by huge open fire-places, in which green wood ex- clusivi hj Mas often burned, and there was no need of any special arrangements for ventilation. The seats and desks were made of plaid; from an inch and a half to two inches in thickness, the dimensions of which, however, were soon materially diminished under the operal ions of the busy jack-knives of idle scholars. The first school-house of improved construction was built in 1*4^ in the district of which Rev. Warren Burton was a native. The seats in this house consisted of chairs, graduated in height ami size to correspond with the varying ages of the pupils, and firmly fixed to the floor. Ample space was afforded, means of ventilation were furnished and the house was at first warmed by a furnace in the basement. Schoobhouscs WILTON. 711 ou a similar plan were soon alter built at the centre of the town ami at East Wilton, the principal villages, and those in other districts have been re- placed by new ones or remodeled till, at the present time, there are only two which are not adapted to the purpose for which they were designed, and even these are a decided improvement upon those of fifty years ago. Courses of Study vxi. Methods of Instruc- XION. — One hundred years ago the branches ..t' study were limited to reading, spelling, writing and arith- metic. The methods of instruction, even in these, were extremely imperfect. The pupils had no text- books in arithmetic. The schoolmaster usually— not always — possessed one. He communicated a rule orally to his pupils, who wrote it out in their '•manuscripts," which generally consisted of a few sheets of coarse paper stitched within a brown paper- cover. Then an example under that rule was given. Which the scholars solved, and copied the operation into their manuscripts In-low the rule. When a suf- ficient number of examples had been thus disposed of, another rule was given, and so on till tic mathe- matical education id' the student was completed. The branches of study now pursued, even in our rural schools, include reading, spelling and defining, penmanship, arithmetic, grammar (including analy- sis), geography (including physical geography as a distinct branch,) history of the United States, physiol- ogy, algebra, geometry, book-keeping, natural philos- ophy, and sometimes chemistry ami botany. Teachers. — Until within the last thirty years schoolmasters were almost invariably employed in the winter and school-mistresses in the summer. If a lady teacher was placed in charge of a winter school, she was always one possessing masculine traits. A change has gradually taken place, and at the present time our schools, with very few excep- tions, are taught by females. Many of the teachers, both men and women, who have assisted in forming the intellectual and moral character of the successive generations of youth in Wilton, have been eminently fitted for their vocation. In 1782 an intelligent and public-spirited citizen of the town, convinced that the schools were nearly worthless, hired a Student at college to teach during his vacation, and invited bis neighbors to send their children to the school free of charge "This," re- cords the Rev. Abie] Abbott, D.D., a son of the cit- izen referred to, "gave a new complexion to the school in the south district; and for a number of years alter, qualified teachers, usually students from college, were employed about eight weeks in the winter. Soon after the improvement in the south district some of the other districts followed in the same course. To this impulse, I think, we may im- pute the advance of Wilton before the neighboring towns in education and good morals." Among those who, at various times, taught in the district schools of the town, and afterwards became widely known as public men, were Professor John Abbott, of Bowdoin College; Benjamin Abbott, LL.D., for many years principal of Phillips Academy, at Exeter, N. II.: Rev. Samuel Bar- rett, 1>.1>., of Boston; Rev. Samuel R. Hall, first principal of the Teachers' Seminary, at Andover, Mass.; and Rev. Warren Burton, author of the "District School as It Was," ami in his later years eminent for his labors in the cause of home educa- tion. Of these, -Air. Barrett and Mr. Burton received the rudiments of their education in the schools of Wilton. In 1803, Rev. Thomas Beede was installed as min- ister of the town ami remained in that capacity till L829. He was a ripe scholar, a man of genial manners, and deeply interested in the improvement of the young. In addition to bis pastoral labors he somel IS taught one of the district schools, some- times a select school, and also gave instruction to advanced students at his home. His influence in promoting the educational interests of the town was incalculable. A remarkabl] large number of the young men of Wilton acquired a liberal education during bis ministry. Text-Books.— The text-books of a century ago. as recorded by one who attended school at that time, were the Bible or Testament, the Primer and Dil- WOrth's Spelling-Book. As the wants of the schools have demanded, new books have been introduced. When improvements have been made, those improve- ments have been adopted. But the town lias never been given to frequent changes. When a thoroughly good 1 k was in use it has not been discarded merely because something new has been offered. Adams' Arithmetic, under its successive forms oi the Scholars Arithmetic, Adam-' New Arithmetic, Adams' New Arithmetic (revised edition) ami Adams' Improved Arithmetic, was used for nearly seventy years, and Warren Colburn's Mental Arithmetic for about fifty. It is only within the last yeai that these works have he, ii gupi rsedi d. -i ri i:\ 1-lnN OF Sill ,S.— For more than twenty years before the State made any provision for the supervision id' schools the town of Wilton annually chose - e of its best qualified citizens a committee to inspect the schools. It is worthy of note that oui educational interests have always been kept free from any connection with party politics. Th' have led the appointment of superintending school committee— since that office was established by the law of the State— to the selectmen and those offi- cials, to their honor be it recorded, have never seemed to be influenced by partisan leadings in making their selections. SELECT Schools.— At various times for seventy- five years past skillful teachers have opened private schools, for one term in a year, which have partaken more or less of the character of High Schools. These rl2 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. have been largely instrumental in raising the stand- ard of education in the town. There has been for some time a select school at the principal village, continuing through the year, which affords ad- vantages equal to those which are found at respectable academies. This school gives promise of being a permanent institution. Literary Societies. — Under the inspiration of Thomas lieede, ami aided by some intelligent young men and women, an association was formed in 1815 or 1816, called the Wilton Literary and Moral Society. our of its members has described it as follows; " The Ill'-lllbei-S "f thi- -ally Society coll-i-teil of yolim,' L. r e Ill I. Ml I. '11 1111,1 knlies, ami there were ii lew v hoys liki- nivsrll it II,, time, wli-, li.nl a literary taste, such us hi ailiuit theln t ._> a coiiipaiin uiship wit li their mi- p.'iaii-. \\ i- met at fit si <• a \o ■ k . mill to grind their com nearer than Dunstable and afterwards Milford. The pioneer must travel miles and miles along his Military path through the wild woods with his bag of grain on his back or on a sled to reach a grist-mill, ami return the same weary way to supply bread-stuffs for his wile and children. The grantors of the town, in order to promote im- provements, set apart two lots of eighty acres each for encouragement for building mills. The first mill in Wilton was the grist-mill at Barnes' Falls, built by Samuel Greele, one of the grantees of the town, the father of Major Samuel Greele, and grandfather of Captain Samuel Greele. it was on lot No. 15 in the fourth rang.', being one of the lots drawn for mills. The first saw-mill was that of Jacob Putnam, situ- ated a short distance west of the northwest corner of lot No. 15, and very near, or on the line between lots Nos. 15 and 16 in the fifth range. A saw and grist-mill was built by Hutchinson at the East village, on the same spot where one stands now. On lot No. 20 in the fourth range, on the brook that flows by the present glass-house at South Lynde- borough, a few rods above where it unites with Stony River, a grist-mil! was erected by Deacon John Burton. These mills were all erected before the Revolution. Near the knob-factory oi Samuel Smith, at the West village, on the Gambol Brook, there was, for- merly, a grist-mill and fulling and clothing-mill owned by Uriah Smith, It was burned in 1781 or 1782, but the remains of the dam may still be seen. Rev. Jonathan Livermore built a saw-mill on Gambol Brook about the time of the Revolution, on the site now occupied by his descendants for a saw- mill, with shingle ami -lave machinery. At the time of the centennial celebration there was the following record made of the industries of the town: "There are now eight saw-mills in opera- tion ; five grist-mills; three tanneries; two fulling- mills; one bobbin-factory; one cotton-factory, burnt in 1839 and not yet rebuilt; one starch-factory, owned and carried on by people from Wilton (Messrs. Ezra and Samuel Abbot), but itself in Mason; four blacksmiths; ten shoemakers, including journeymen; two cabinet-makers; one hatter; three stores; two taverns." The Wilton Manufacturing Company was formed in 1848 with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, and Joseph Newell, Eliphalet Putnam, Ziba < ray, Kan- 714 HISTORY OF HILLSBOKOUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. iel Abbot, Esq., William L>. Beasom, Chirk (_'. Boutwell, Royal Southwick, Elbridge Reed and Tappan Wentworth as principal stockholders. The mill was built in 1849, and the wheel and shafting put in in 1850, and commenced to make carpet-yarn April G, 1851. The mill was of w 1, ninety-eight by forty feet, two stories, with basement. A wheel-house thirty-two by thirty feet, one story, with hasement for washing wool, and one-half of room above for repair-shop. The wheel was a breast-wheel, twenU -lour feet diameter, with twelve-feet buckets. There was also a dry-house, a wool-house and our double cottage-house built. These, with the old boarding-house, were all the buildings owned by the company at the commencement. The first lot of machinery consisted of six spin- ning-frames, three twisters, drawing-frames, pickers, and other small machinery to match; also one set of cards and one jack for making filling. From this small beginning new machinery was added from time to time, until the mill contained fourteen spin- ning-frames, seven twisters and a corresponding increase of new and modern machinery, including English combers. The machinery was increased for making filling from one set to four sets. While this increase of machinery was going on, the building had to be correspondingly enlarged. In 1858, forty feet were added to the length of the mill, making onehundred and thirty- eight feet long. In 1865another addition was made in L form, fifty by seventy-two feet, and one of Swain's turbine wheels of one hundred and thirty horse-power took the place of the old breast-wheel, and was run/until the mill was burnt, March (i, 1872. May, 1851, there were on the pay-roll forty-nine bands, and the pay-roll of that month was $788.34. The pay-roll of January, 1872, one hundred and six- teen hands, was $2371.41. The mill was in operation twenty years ami eleven months. A short time at the commencement the superintendent was Mr. Ripley. Mr. Elbridge G. Woodman was superin- tendent the remaining part of the time the mill was in operation. One of the most serious changes in the industries of the country has been the virtual abolition of the system of apprenticeship. When our forefathers a over the sea they brought the European method of initiation into the industrial trades by a long period, usually seven years, of careful training and practice. When an apprentice or negro boy ran away, it was customary to advertise him and offer one cent reward. It is questionable whether me- chanical work is as thoroughly done under the pres- ent system as the old one, where years of careful training and practice, under experienced master- workmen, habituated the apprentice to accuracy and skill in every detail of his trade. Industries of Wilton according to the Census of 1850— Saw-mill, carding-machines and cloth dressing: Capital, $1200; boards, 100,000, $1000; shingles, 50,000, $125; lath, 40,000, $80; carding and cloth-dressing, $300. Benjamin Hopkins, saw- mill: Boards, 50,000, $450; shingles, 10,000, $25; lath, 24,000, $48 ; shuttle-woods, 6000, $120, Nahum Child, saw-mill and grist-mill: Boards, 125,000, $1125; shingles, loo.ooo, $250; toll for grinding, $300. John A. Putnam, saw-mill and grist-mill : Boards, $450; shingles, 100,000, $250 ; table-legs, 4000, $240; toll for grinding, $50. Willard French, saw- mill: Boards, 200,000, $2000 ; shingles, 100,000, $220. Jonathan Livermore, saw-mill: Boards, 75,000 ; shin- gles, 30,000, $775. E. Putnam .V Co., bobbins, knobs and machinery, $2650. William Shelden, bobbins and spools, 125 cord timber, $11,000. Abijah Hildreth, saw-mill and grist-mill : Hoards, 120,000, $1200; shin- gles, $80; grinding, $75. Joseph W. Killam, furniture : Stock, $1850; product, $5500. John Burton, table- frames : Stock, $10 ; product, $800. Jones, Lane&Co., boots and shoes : Capital, $7000 ; stock, $8000; num- ber employed, 20 males, 12 females ; product, $17,700. Manufactures of Wilton in 1885— In 1882 the site, where two mills had been burned, was purchased by the Colony Brothers, who erected a building of brick, one hundred and seventeen feet long, fifty-four feet wide, three stories high, with basement; boiler and engine-room on the west side and dyeing-room on the south. The size of the mill is seven set. Early in 1883 they commenced the manufacture of woolen flannel, medium grade; color, blue and scarlet. Number of hands employed, seventy; the power, steam and water; the mill is warmed by steam. Tin: Wilton Company. — Capital stock, thirty- thousand dollars. Charles li. Burns, president; John A. Spalding, treasurer; Charles A. Burns, clerk. Mill nmenced January 1, 1883, the manufacture of cotton warps, yams and twine. Number of hands employed, thirty-eight; power, steam and water; the mill is warmed by steam and lighted by gasoline. Milk has been one of the principal products of tin- farmers of Wilton for the last thirty years. A ear was started from Wilton in 1852 tor conveying milk to the Boston market. At the present time 1). Whit- ing & Sons run four cars to Boston daily, — one from Hillsborough Bridge, one from Wilton, one from Milford and one from Concord, Mass. Owing to the impossility of furnishing the right quantity for the Boston market, the loss to the milk- raisers by keeping a small quantity at home when the quantity was Hush, and the inconvenience to the contractor to collect to supply the deficiency when the supply was short, induced Mr. Whiting to con- traef for more milk than the market took and work the surplus into butter ami cheese. For a few years the Messrs. Whiting have deliv- ered daily about seven thousand gallons at Boston and the surplus has ranged from about two hundred to three thousand gallons daily. For a few years WILTON. 715 the months that have furnished the least milk have been August and September. The pay-day for the must of the milk they buy is about the middle of the month, for the milk of the preceding month. The Messrs. Whiting have a saw-mill that they run several months in the year, in which, beside the board- saw, they have box-board and stave-saws and saws for sawing wood, planing-machines and machinery for making keg aud-barrel heads, and forpreparing the box stock ready to be nailed together. They grind in their grist-mill about one hundred and twenty-live ear- loads of corn annually, which, with about one hun- dred car-loads of feed, is, a large part of it, sold to the milk-raisers. In addition, they have a large run of custom grinding. Their power is eighty horse-power steam and seventy horse-power, water. They also sell about live hundred tons of coal and three hun- dred and fifty cords of wood annually. Levi Putnam has a saw-mill, planing-machine and turning-lathes, and manufactures trunk stock and trunks. Power, water. Daniel Cragin has a saw-mill and machinery for manufacturing knife-trays, dry measures and sugar- boxes. He employs about six hands. Power, steam and water. Nathan Barker, grist-mill ; Hermon Hopkins, saw- mill, clapboard and shingle machinery and turning- lathe; .1. & II. 11. Livermore, saw-mill, shingle and stave machinery; Henry 0. Sargent} saw-mill and turning machinery ; James H. Holt & Son manufac- ture knobs and milk-can stopples, and have a cider- mill; Samuel W. Smith manufactures knobs; Flint .y (hay, wheelwrights and carriage-makers: A. J. Parker, wheelwright and carriage-maker; Bales & Putnam, jobbing blacksmiths and carriage-smiths; !1. N. Graj & Son, jobbing blacksmiths and carriage- smiths; C. B. Smith, jobbing blacksmith and car- riage-smith ; carpenters, C. A. & H. L. Emerson, James L. Hardy, William D. Stearns, Jeremiah Dris- coll, L. A. Tyler, Edson 1). Frye, J. H. Hutchinson and Albion Flint. S. H. Dunbar, meat and vegetable market; S. A. Spalding, meat and vegetable market; Joseph Lang- dell, livery stable (has about twelve horses); F. P. Kent, livery stable (has about eight horses). Wilton Savings' Bank, — Josiah Fleeman, presi- dent ; Moses Clark, treasurer. Druggists, Dr. Henry Trevitt and H. A. Powers. Stores. — S. N. Center & Son, fancy and dry-g 1>. boots, shoes and groceries; George A. Carter, dry- goods, boots and shoes; David E. Proctor, flour, meal, groceries, boots, shoes, hardware, — a general assort- ment store; George W. Wallace, clothing and furnish- ing goods ; Levi W. Perkins, clothing and furnishing goods ; Miss S. A. Smith, millinery and fancy goods; A 0. Barker, groceries ;.C. W. Edwards, groceries; E. E. Hutchinson, groceries; M. P. Stanton, tish and groceries ; P. Ring & Son, variety-store; S. K. Fos- ter, stoves and tinware; Stickney, undertakers' furnishings; Henry A. Holt, writing-desks and fancy boxes (employs, on average, live hands) ; Henry W. Hopkins and Francis B. French, writing-desks and fancy boxes. C PI A P T E R X . WILTON— fcW/ ,d . ROADS— POST-ROUTES — < A K PIE US— POSTMASTERS — STAG- ING AND RAILROADS. Tm; facilities of travel, intercourse and the com- munication of intelligence were, of course, in the time of our forefathers, of the most meagre kind. Loads— one of the tests of civilization— were few and poor. It might be said, as in the time of the judges in ancient Israel, that " the highways were unoccu- pied," or, rather, that highways were not yet opened and that "the travelers walked through by-ways." Foot-paths from house to house, trails through the forests, marked by blazed trees, were the firsl con- veniences of the settlers; and as roads for carriages were gradually opened, fords and ferries were slowly succeeded by bridges, and logs and rails were laid down for rough corduroy highways. The roads ran usually over the hills and shunned the valleys, as the settlers lived on the heights, and avoided the low- lands, as being marshy and damp aud subject to floods, and more exposed tosurprises from Indians, It was rather remarkable, and showed the high aims of the pioneers, that while they early set apart a por- tion of the land beforehand for the support of churches and schools and public improvements, that they left the road aud bridge-building to the immediate care of the settlers and thi' tardy votes of the town. Roads would come of themselves by stress of necessity , but the minister, the teacher and the miller must be put beyond doubt or neglect. Bread for the body and bread for the soul must be subject to no contingencies. And in due time the roads came, as they were forced upon the public attention. But as it was, there were ten appropriations lor the church and the schools where there was one for bridges and roads. These are some of the ancient records of economical appropri- ations, — "March 9,17(i7. Allowed Tim. .thy I'd. Inn [...unds t.-n shillings Hi- rer, old tenor, for planks for covering th'- bridge near r.n> .1 . l' N ii,:i m - "April -27, 17bS. Th-lib laerning raising money to rebuild the bridge near C.ipt. Nathan i I o tcli But they soon thought better of it, and voted •.t.i raise nine pounds, lawful money, to rebuild I he Lrid-.- hv t'apt. Nathan Hutchinson's mill, and that e.n-li ]-r.,.nsI Id havi the liberty to work out hi- rat- to th- sum aforesaid. " April 25, 1770. Voted to raise twenty pounds to rebuild the bridge over the river known by the name of Parker's bridge. pt. 28, ITT" Voted to tin- thirteen ].,un.l-, lautnl ney, to i build l\iik. i s bud--, so-called. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. " The following bridges allowed tube maintained by the town : Par- ker's bridge, the bridge by Capt. Nathan Hutchinson's mill, the bridge over the river by timothy Dale's, the bridge to LyndeboruiiLdi, the bridjre by Jacob Putnam's saw-mill, the bridge by l»;i\ i.l K c I .rii _._- over Gainbrel bruuk. "April 14, 1772. rotedto raise thirty pounds, lawful money, to re- build and repair the town lucl-os in -aid town. ■' I'c.'eJ that oa> li pel Son M\> <1 to -aid bl 1.1l;cS -lionU h.i\ ■ - 1\\ o chilli nits pei 'l.i%, and each yoke ol oxen one shilling per day. •■ Voted that each person should he 1 , in their day's work at -00 11 o'elo, k in the forenoon. ■' Voted to raise one hundred pounds, lawful liloli-y, to be laid ..lit in liKikme, and repairing the hi-liways the present year. " I'o/,J toallow each person taxed 111 town two shillings and ei-ht pen..-, and eaeb yoke of ox.ii on,- shiHinc, and four pence per day, and each cart and each plow eiiiht peine per day. " April 'jo, 177; 1 ! ■■ t. i.n.c titr\ pounds, lawful money, f.r high- ways the present year. Voted to allow the same per day for men, oxen, plow and cart as fin- \ c;u 1. 1.: As tin illustration, at a much later period, of the heavy expenses of maintaining the mails anil bridges, and building new ones, the town expended in twenty- one years, from 1825 to 1846, the sum of $23,924.41 in extra sums for that purpose, besides the regular high- way tax of from six hundred to eight hundred dollars annually. The first mail-route through Wilton was over the old County road, through the north part of the town, from Keene to Portsmouth, about 1788. The first post- rider, Ozias Silsbee, was succeeded by Messrs. Wright, Phillips and Thayer. The latter died very suddenly in Amherst, of injuries received in a playful scuffle with Mr. Cushing. the editor of the Cabinet, August 1,1807. Mr. Daniel Gibbs succeeded Mr. Thayer, and ear- tied the mail on horseback some eight years. The mail-pouch was about two feet long, and from eight to ten inches wide, but amply sufficient to carry the postal matter that passed over the road at that time, in a pair of saddle-bags he carried newspapers and express packages. He passed down through Wilton on Sunday ami back on Thursday. During the Wat of 1812 he was accustomed to call out the ion-, good or bad, to those within hearing, as for instance, "Glorious news! Commodore Perry has captured the whole British fleet on Lake Erie," or, if the news was tin reverse, with a melancholy expression, "Bad n.ws! The British have captured ami burned Washington." He began to drive a wagon about 1816, and carried some passengers. He was prompt and faithful in the discharge of his duties. Mr. Gibbs died in Peterborough at the age of seventy-three, September 25, 1824, by being thrown out of his wagon at the great bridge over the < lontoocook, on the rocks I'! flW . Before the establishment of the post-office, in 1816, a number of copies of tin- Xfir Jfim/i-Jiirr I'tttrhit, published at Concord by Isaac Hill, and one or two copies of the New Hampshire Sentinel, published at Keeue by John Prentiss, were brought to subscribers in Wilton by Mr. Gibbs. But the majority of the people took the Farmers' ' 'abinet, published at Amherst bv Richard Boylston. The subscribers in turn went for the papers on Saturday, and they were distributed on Sunday. Mr. Boylston kept the tally, and marked the paper each week of the one whose turn was next. Letters, too. were superscribed and forwarded to "your turn next." and thus reached the post-office at Amherst. Verily, those were the primitive times. About the time of Mr. Gibbs' death the post-route was changed from the north road to that through the middle of the town. Mr. Gibbs' son succeeded his father, and drove a two-horse carriage until 1828, duly 7th. when the four-horse coach-line from Keene to Nashua was started. Different owners — Messrs. F. Lovejoy, Joseph and John Holt, T. Smith ami L. Winn — were partners in this enterprise. About 1833 an accommodation line was established, and a coach ran each way through town daily. On the opening of the Boston and Lowell Railroad to Lowell, the line was ex- tended to Lowell. As the railroad was extended farther into the country, successively to Nashua, Danforth Corners, Milford, and finally to Wilton, December, 1851, the stage-line was shortened. The siicces.si\|. drivers, well remembered by the older inhabitants, were Messrs. John Holt, John Larch, Benjamin P. Cheney and Captain Porter. The busi- ness on this line was continued till October, 1870, when tin proprietors sold out to the railroad company. The railroad to Greenfield was opened January, 1874. which took the stage-coaches on that line from Wilton after a service of about forty-six years. The Forest r'flad, in the north part of the town, was built in 1831. Mr. Joy. of Nashua, started, in 1832, a line of stage-coaches, which ran to Charlestown, X. 1L. on this )o;id. At various periods, besides Mr. Joy. other proprietors and drivers were concerned in this enterprise, — Messrs. \V Is. thcWymans, Penuock, Dane, Tarbell, Morrill, Phelps, Hall, Harrison, Howison and Prouty. The drivers on the road, other than the proprietors, were Messrs. Leavitt, Harris, Pettengill and Sanborn. An accident to a stage-coach on this road at one time cost the town over one hundred dollars. After the river road from West Wilton to East Wilton wtis built, the Btage-coaches from Keene to Nashua ran on this route for many years. The road from Gray's Corner to Greenville was completed in 1843. Soon after, a mail-route was established on this line from Manchester to New Ips- wich. Coaches with four and two horses have been run at different times, but at present the mail is car- ried with one horse. The drivers have been Messrs. Porter. Thomas. Sanborn and Batchelder. Soon after the railroad was opened to Greenfield, the post-route from West Wilton to East Wilton was established, and Mr. Abiel Frye carries the daily mail. The Wilton post-office was established October 1, 1816. The following is a list of the postmasters, and the date of their appointments: John Mack, October 1,1816; Elijah Stockwell, February 21, 1824; Harvey Barnes, April 4, 1826; Stephen Abbot. February 27, WILTON. 1828 ; Ezra Buss, January 4, 1837 ; Timothy Park- hurst, January 3, 1838; Isaac Blanchard, June 7, 1845 ; Varnurn S. Holt, February 9, 1856 (the title of the office was Wilton) ; Varnum T. Holt, April 16, 1855 (the title of the office was Wilton Centre) ; Varnum T.Holt, April 23, 1856; Philander King, April 21, 1858 ; Henry O. Sargent, December 10, 1877 ; Ballard Pettingill, February 24, 1831 ; William M. Edwards, January 4,1833; John Merrill, January 19,1835; William M. Edwards, October 30, 1835; Ephraim Hackett, February 14, 183(1 ; James M. Dane, Feb- ruary 17, 1842; Albert Farnsworth, July 22, 1853; Leonard Pettengill, February 28, 1854 (the title of the office was East Wilton) ; Leonard Pettengill, April 16,1856; Nathan Flint, July 20,1861; William J. Bradbury, December 14, 1869; Alfred E. Jaques, August 4, 1875 (the title of the office was Wilton). CHAPTER XL WILTON— (Cbnftniied). CEMETERIES, EPIDEMICS AND NECROLOCSY. Besides the lour cemeteries at present in Wilton, viz.: the North, Centre, and East and County Farm, there are four other private burial-places, where a few bodies have been interred. The earliest is the spot where John Badger was buried, the first white person who died on the terri- tory now included in Wilton, "a little north of the road," as an intelligent informant stated, "running east from the Dale place, either in the field or pasture, probably in the pasture." The exact locality is now unknown. Philip Putnam, Esq., a few years before he died, built a tomb near his house, in which be, his wife and two sons were buried. Lieutenant John Hutchinson, his wife and two suns were buried in the lor back of his house, in the East village. Mrs. David Cram, who died of smallpox in 1853 or 1854, was buried on the farm belonging to the family. The following measures were early taken by the town to provide suitable interment for the dead: Jane 27, 1771, " Voted to raise £1 16s. to provide a burying-cloth for said town, and chose Nathan Blanchard and Aimer Stiles a committee to provide said cloth." The first entrance on the town records relative to the bin ying-grounds is found in a warrant for a town- meeting, dated September 17, 1772, Article 5, as fol- lows : "To see if the town will vote to clear and fence the burying-ground in said town, and to raise money and choose a committee for that purpose." At the meeting, October 5th, the fifth article was dismissed; but in a warrant for a town-meeting, Maj 20, 1773, is the following: acre of land for a burying-pla© t-' mid town, On- Ee, therefore, fourth- ly, i.. seeil Mi.' town will pay Mr John Cram eighteen shillings, I money, f oe other half-aci if land adjoining ')•■ old buryin plao in said town, and for a privilegi ol t road »i tiighwaj to the same, on his giviu^r ;i conveyance of the same. At a meeting, held June .". 177.'i, it was voted to allow Mr. John (ram eighteen shillings, lawful money, for one-half acre of land, adjoining the old burying- place in said town, and the privilege of a highway to the same upon his gi\ ing com ej ance ol' the same. The North Burying-Ground was occupied from the early history of the town, being enlarged and im- proved from time to time. The burying-ground near Mr. Henry Gray's was fust occupied in 1809, the first interment being that of the first minister of the town, Rev. Jonathan Livermore. Within a few years the cemetery near East Wilton was opened, and improvements and additions made to it. Many interments have been made in it. The cemetery in the northwest part of the town was established in connection with the County Farm, and many burials of the inmates of that institution have already been made in it. Epidemics.— Rev. Thomas Beede, in "A Topo- graphical anil Historical Description of Wilton," in " Farmer and Moore's Collections," Vol. I., No. 2, June. 1822, pp. 69-72, says: " No uncommon sickness has ever been known here except in the year 1801, when a very malignant and contagious fever pre- vailed very generally among the people for a number of months, and in many instances proved mortal. It is conjectured, perhaps not without reason, that the contagion was introduced in a parcel of old feathers which hail been brought in and sold by peddlers just before the fever made its appearance." The smallpox has appeared at several times in the history of the town, but has not prevailed to any extent. Mrs. David Cram died of it in 1853-54. Vital Statistics. — The first child born in town was a daughter of one of the first settlers, Ephraim Put- nam, by the name of Hannah, March, 1741. She was married to a Mr. Woodward, of Lyndeborough, and died there in October, 1801, in the seventy-first year of her age. The number of deaths in Wilton in 1851 was 21 ; 1852,20; 1853,2(1; 1854,27; 1855,20; 1857,26; 1858,26; 1859,25; 1860,25; 1861,16; 1862,22; 1863,40; 1864, 27; 1865,25; 1866,15; 1867,14; 1868,19; 1869,31; 1870,34; 1871,31; 1872,40; 1873,26; 1*74. 2o ; 1875,31; 1876,24; 1877,19; 1878,29; 1879,34; 1880,25; 1881,23; 1882,22; 1883, 24; 1884, 38. The healthfulness of the climate may be strikingly illustrated by the low rate of mortality and also by the great longevity of many of the inhabitants. In 718 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. a carefully-prepared list by Sewall Putnam, taken from the public records, it appears that from 1791 to 1884 one hundred and thirty persons have died of eighty years and upwards, twenty-four of ninety years and upwards, and one, Mrs. Sarah A. Holt, who died October 9, 1854, aged one hundred and three years, two months and twenty-five days. I'll APTER XII. WILTON— (Continued). FIRES, FLOODS, CASUALTIES, MISFORTUNES, REMARKABLE EVENTS, ETC. Wilton has not escaped the destroyers which be- fall our modem civilization. Especially her losses by tire have been comparatively very great. Besides the repeated destruction of single houses, mills or barns, in two notable instances, in 1874 and 1881, extensive conflagrations swept over the business centre of the East village, laving waste the principal stores and public buildings. But the sufferers have uni- formly rallied, with fresh courage and energy, to repair their losses and make the place more beautiful than before. New stores and dwellings have filled the vacant lots, and a substantial and elegant town hall now occupies the site of the once spacious hotel. But it has become, in general, a serious •juestion how the ravages of fire can be stayed in our modern world. We have resorted to all the new measures and inventions to arrest the fearful devastation, such as steam fire-engines, paid Fire Departments, fire ex- tinguishers, quick communication by telegraph and telephone, fire signals, but millions upon millions every month are destroyed by fire throughout our land. No wonder that, with all the toil, industry and energy of multitudes of human beings, there is still so much poverty and misery, when such wholesale destruction is constantly taking place, and the fruits of their labors are swept away in smoke and ashes. The small annual gain of income over expenses, averaging in the whole population, is said to be only about four dollars to each individual. Only by this narrow margin does our American civilization keep ahead of utter want, starvation and nakedness. He will be a great benefactor of society who shall rise eijual to the occasion, and, by some yet unapplied or undiscovered instrumentality or invention, say to the devouring element, " Thus far shalt thou come and no further, and here shall thy tierce flames be stayed." Fires. — Hezekiah Hamblet's house, on the west side of the road southeast of Abiel Flint's house. James Dascomb's barn, 1774, on the south side of the road northeast of Mrs. Francis Whiting's build- ings. Wood's barn (by lightning), August 9, 1779, on the 1 place now owned by Mrs. Curtis Blood. Uriah Smith's grist-mill and a clothing-mill, near where Samuel Smith's knob-sbop now stands, in 1781 or 1782. A school-house, near where Mrs. Henry Newell's house now stands. Deacon John Flint's house, April, 1810, northeast of Mrs. Charles White's barn. Colonel Dascomb's shop, March 21, 1829. John Parker's house, May, 1833. Wilton Company factory, February, 1839. Simeon Holt's barn (by lightning). J. Newell's first store at East Wilton. Deacon Ezra Abbot's house, 1840. Deacon William Sheldon's shop and dry-house at the West village, 1st) ; second fire, July 21, 1864. D. Whiting's barns (by lightning), 1846. Theron Russell's house. John F. Russell's house. Joseph Holt's house. The Batchel- der house, on the hill east of Joseph W. Stiles. David Whiting's Barrett House. Henry Putnam's Eaton House. Mrs. Charles Howard's house and barn. Abel Fisk's cider-mill, farming tools and grain, May, 1853. Jonathan Snow's house. 185(3. The old meeting-house at the Centre, the second built in town, was burned December 8, 1859. A juvenile concert, given by Miss .Mary Thurston, had taken place in the evening. The fire, as generally believed, set by some malicious pers broke out before midnight, and "our holy and beautiful house, where our fathers praised Thee, was binned up with fire, and all our beautiful things were laid waste." Mrs. • handler's bouse, opposite to Gardiner & Blanch- aid's. John Frye's house and barn. Stock's house, and two children were burned in it. Nahum Child's building, where the butter-factory now stands. Wil- ton Company factory, March, 1872. Peter 11. Putnam's store-house. W. P. Dunklee's shop, where < '. A. & II. I,. Emerson's shop stands. Spalding's cooper-shop. John Herlihey's house. Freeman's mill, built and formerly owned by Philip Putnam. Mrs. Neil's house and barn, L873. ( )n December 2, 1874, a destructive conflagration swept over the Fast village. Beginning in a store and dwelling on Main Street, it destroyed the spacious Whitney Hotel, Masonic Hall, stores, houses and other buildings. The cause of the lire was supposed to lie combustion of oil and painters' rags. Losses, about one hundred ami live thousand eight hundred dollars; insurance, about fifty-five thousand dollars. .1. Newell's and S. N. Center's buildings, March 15, 1876. John H. Frye's stable, opposite to the depot. Jeremiah Driscoll's house and barn, 1879. As if one great fire was not enough, a second fire broke out January 20, 1881, and swept away .-tores. Masonic Hall, bank, library and houses along the most thickly-settled part of Main Street, in the East village, on nearly the same site as that of the great fireofl874. The losses were estimated to be aboul titty thousand dollars and the insurance about thirty thousand dollars, (loss Mills, formerly the French Mills, 1882. Harvey A. Whiting's bam, June 27, 1883. Harvey A. Whiting's house, 1883. Freshets.— The greatest flood ever known in Wil- ton took place ou Monday, October 4, 1869. Rain had WILTON. 719 fallen on Sunday and Sunday night and on Monday forenoon, but no apprehensions of a very high freshet, were felt until noon, when the windows of heaven seemed to he opened and poured down sheets of water such as had never been seen before. In a very short time the streams rose to a fearful height, sweep- ing away bridges, dams, logs and mill stuffs, mills and factories, gullying roads and flooding fields and meadows. Brooks became raging mountain rivers. Torrents swept down the hills. A cloud seemed to have burst over the devoted region. It continued to pour until half-past three o'clock in the afternoon, when the storm broke away and the sun came out. ( >nly one bridge in town escaped injury. Roads were impassable for weeks. Travel was across fields and by fording streams. The woolen-factory at French village was undermined and swept down -lie. mi. The cost to Wilton of repairing roads and bridges was sixty thousand dollars. Twenty thousand dollars of taxes were remitted to the town by the State Legislature for damages done. Other towns shared in the losses by the flood. Per- manent marks were left in the bills and valleys of the terrible deluge of 1869. Many misfortunes have, from time to time, fallen upon the inhabitants. The Daniels defalcation sunk from eighty thousand to one bundled thousand dol- lars. The Milford Bank robbery cost tin people of the town some ten thousand dollars. The Pine Valley Company failure lost its owners some sixty thousand dollars, besides bad debts to grocers and traders by operatives. Casualties.— At the raising of the bouse of John Dale, one of the early settlers of the town, a man was instantly killed by an iron bar tailing accident- ally on his head from the hands of a man above him on the frame. The terrible accident and loss of life which oc- curred at the raisin- of the Second Church have already been related elsewhere. Three were killed, and almost all more or less wounded of the more than fifty men who were on the frame when it fell. Some died afterwards and others bore the marks of their injuries to thegrave. C H A P T E It XIII. WILTON— (Coirfi I). FESTIVALS, CELEBRATIONS, CENTENNIALS. ETC. With all the gravity and seriousness of the New- England Puritan, there was always mingled no little of dry wit and a social, festive spirit. He had his joke, and too often also his pipe and his mug. The huskings, the raisings, the wood-haul- ings and bees, the quiltings, the weddings, the balls, the sleigh-rides, the wrestling and hunting-matches, the trainings and musters testify to the hilarious side of the pioneer character. Many of these are now only known in tradition. New customs have sprung up in the place of the old ones. " New wine has been pul into new bottles." The old-fashioned sleigh-ride, when a large part of the inhabitants took a fine winter day to make an excursion to a neighboring town and take dinner, perhaps have a dance and return home in the evening by moonlight, is among the things that were. If they go now.it is by railroad. Halls and weddings are permanent institutions. Of old there were no festivals like our modern Sundav- school excursions, and the picnic was not known to the fathers. Bees, quiltings, huskings and raisings and other neighborhood gatherings have chiefly gone. Wood-haulings for the parson or a decayed brother are superseded by donations and surprise-parties. The " Willing Workers " and the " Cheerful Workers." the church " Benevolent Sewing < 'ircles " and " Soci- ables," have stepped in to occupy the place once filled by more boisterous entertainments. Children have more festivities than of old and go earlier into society. Lodges, granges, societies, ex- cursions are multiplying on every hand. The passion of resorting to cities, and giving up the farm for the shop, the exchange, the bank, and the professions, is due chiefly to two things, viz.: the desire to make money faster than the country farming or mechanic life will allow, and then the eagerness to have more society life. These are the sirens that bewitch our day. Besides, as communities have grown larger, they have split up into cliques and coteries, and the old hearty neighborliness has been exchanged for fashion and gilt-edged snobbery. Wealth, not man- hood or high character, is the open sesame to genteel society, so reputed. The farmer's frock, the mechanic's apron or the house-wife's home-spun dress have no more any beauty that man or woman should desire them. Service is still a long way behind show, as a key to open the chief places at feasts and the high seal- in the synogagues. But even if society has grown more exclusive, it has, strange paradox ! grown more phil- anthropic. The humanities and amenities flourish apace. A world of good is being done to the less fortunate of our race. If men and women have hardened into greater selfishness and exclusiveness on one side of their nature, tiny have softened into wider sympathy ami helpfulness on the other side. Never probably did wealth feel its responsibility more to society, or dis- tribute its means with a more generous hand than now, be it to schools, colleges, libraries, churches, missions, philanthropies, hospitals, asylums or to the humbler and more private charities of society. As good a specimen of the ancient sleigh-ride as could be selected is that which escorted Rev. Thomas Beede and his bride on their wedding-trip from Har- vard to Wilton. He was married to Miss Nancy 720 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Kimball, of Harvard, Mass., January 20, 1805. A number of their friends after the ceremony accom- panied them as far as Amherst, X. II., where they stopped at the hotel. Here they met a large party from Wilton, who had come down to meet their min- ister and his new wife, and both companies dined together. They then separated, the Harvard friends returning to Massachusetts, and the Wilton company taking Mr. and Mrs. Beede to their new home in New Hampshire. The silver wedding of the Hon. Charles H. Hums was celebrated January lit, 1881. A large number of invitations were sent out and a great host of friends and neighbors responded to the call. Many eminent persons were present (rom abroad, including the Governor, Nathaniel Head, and wife. Many costly and beautiful gifts were bestowed on the honored couple, and music, dancing and speeches made a lively and enjoyable evening. The only pall upon the festive occasion was the breaking out of a terrible conflagration, elsewhere recorded, a few hours later in the same night, which laid a large part of the business portion of the village in ashes, destroyed Masonic Hall, the Public Library, stores, shops, offices and dwellings to the amount, probably, of fifty thou- sand dollars or more of total loss. The cause of the fire was unknown. Several other silver and golden weddings have occurred in the town, as the new customs have come in, of which a more particular account will be given hereafter in a fuller history of the town of Wilton, soon to he published. As good a specimen of the old-time Fourth of July celebrations as can In- found is the following, which occurred during Mr. Monroe's administration. The account is taken from the Fanners' Cabinet, pub- lished at Amherst : '•The Anniversary i,f American Independence was celebrated in Wil- lull ,,n tin- ttli iiist . Ni previous arrangements having been made, a company of gentlemen in that ami from the adjoining towns asaemhled for the purpose of doing honor to tin- day which gave birth to a nation's freedom— and independence b, lie-.*,. Tinted States. "After having heard the Declaration of Independent.' read, Mai. k. Wilson was chosen toist-maetcr, who, after having made a short, but pertinent address, produced tle^ loll., wing toasts, in which all parties appeared to participate : rii. Day me celelii lie |,,test poslel in James l/...,,,,, -May " Columbia guide with upright skill refln'.l, To cheek the rage, and cure the public mind ; The North he visits, in the common cause, That he may guard their lights with equal laws. ".'1. James Madison— ye immortal powers that guard the just, watch over him in retirement ; soften bis reposi — in fond remembrance cherish his virtues and show mankind that g [nesa is your care ! "I. New Hampshire — bike her own native untains— though storms ami tempests have thundered on her brow, faction lies prostrate at her bet SI,,, stands iimiioved and glories in her height. " ... II. i! /Vwmer— Discord and her Advocates may attempt to sub- vert—but he has the power to save, anil the constancy to preserve. " f, tie, J'muu — May it be perpetuated till the n shall cease to give her light, and the bright sun himself be extinguished ; yea, till the globe shall be annihilated, and, like the meteor's transitory gleam, be lost in chaotic darkness. "7. The Soldier or* '7b— Rem,, inber, this anniversary was purchased, as it were, with the price of his blood ; then let us cherish his age, supply his wants, and follow his example, in loving his country. "s The Star-spangled Banner — lief, , re the , J and stripes shall , a into a grave. -.May they be 1 "9. The Patriots of South America— May they be reinforced God of Armies, thai the Republic in the North may greet 1 ill the SOUth. "By A. Wilson. Esq.— The President of the I' States. The profound statesman ; we delight to honor great and good men. May his tour through the Union have a happy influence on the people. "By Lt. John Stevens— The Gove when storms and tempests thunder < billows at its feet. " By Capt. Benj. Hutchinson, of Milford— The Militia. Maj thej in time of peace prepare for war. "By Deacon Jacob Putnian— May the partition wall between Federal- ists and Republicans be thrown down and all unite like brethren. " By Mr. I Hivor Whiting.— The Rev. Clergy. May they cease to preach politics, and know nothing among their people, save Jesus Christ, and him crucified. "By 'apt F. Whitney— The people of Wilton. May that noble spirit ,,1 peace, unanimity and independence, which shines so conspicuous in their character, be as permanent and lasting as it is pure and honorable. "By Mr. Israel Herrick.— The fair daughters of Columbia, being tie weaker vessel, may they he ' united to a man,' whereby they may be pro tected. "A well-served field-piece and a band of music resounded the senti* ments of freemen to the distant bills, and was by them echoed back to the convivial multitude, who at an early hour retired to their several homes in harmony and friendship " The centennial celebration of the town, in 1839, is narrated elsewhere. The one hundred and fiftieth anniversary, which will occur in 1889, will be ob- served, it is to be hoped, in a manner and with a spirit appropriate to flic occasion. CHAPTER XIV. WILTON— (Continued). MILITARY AFFAIRS. Five wars have called on our people to supply men and means — the French and Indian, 1755, the Revolutionary War, 1775-83, that of 1812-15, Mexi- can War of 1846-48 and the Civil Rebellion, 1861-65. I. The French and Indian Wars.— These were prolonged and revived from time to time from 1755 to 1773. The terror of these wars was that the In- dians were readily seized upon as allies of the French and officered by their European masters and em- ployed to carry havoc through New England and New York. They laid in wait as the settlers left their block-houses to go out to their fields for their day's work, or made night hideous as they dashed into some lone settlement with their terrible war- whoop, firing the houses, tomahawking and scalping the men and carrying the women and children into a captivity often worse than death. These incursions of the savages kept the whole country in a state of 721 feverish alarm and terror and suspended all regular business. The pioneers, after great sacrifices, were often obliged to abandon their improvements, made at great cost, and take refuge in the cities or in the fortified towns to escape their barbarities. It was a guerrilla warfare of the most terrible character. Nor were the early settlers of New England alto- gether innocent in the matter. They regarded the Indians as the children of the devil, and their ex- termination as in some measure a religious duty. They superstitiously believed that in ridding them from the land they were doing the same sorl of ser- vice to God that Joshua and the Israelites did ill driving out and slaughtering the Canaanites. But, as elsewhere said, Wilton bore but a small part in the Indian warfare. No tribe permanently occu- pied her territory. But few of her sons were engaged in the proper French and Indian Wars. Among the troops that were raised to reinforce the army after the battle of Lake George, September, L755,in Captain James Todd's company, is found the name of Ephraim Butterfield; time of enlistment, September T2; time of discharge, December 13,1755. In the campaign of 1757, in the roll of Captain Richard's Emery's company, we find the name of Henry Parker, Jr., and Josiah Parker, whose father settled on lot No. 5, in the seventh range. He was massacred at Fort William Henry when captured by the French and Indians. In the campaign of 1758, in the roll of Captain Nehemiah Lovewell's company, is found the name of .[anies Mann, one <•( the earliest sellers in the south- west part of Wilton; also Philip Putnam, Ephraim Buttenield and Alexander Milliken. They were out about six months in the sen ic< . The above enlistments are all we find recorded in the old documents as belonging to Wilton. But the following petition will show painful apprehensions of the inhabitants at an earlier period, and the measures they took to insure their safetj against these fierce children of the wilderness: PETITION FOB PROTECTION AGAINST INDIANS. " To His Excellency, Bcnning W.nt worth, ICh.j., (Iovciiioi and i' ■ inarider-iii-Chicf i.l 1 1 i - Majesty'- l'r. ivin. ._• of New Hampshire : The petition of the inhabitants uf Salem Canada, in said 1'rovince, Humbly shews, — That yuur petitioner;) live ill a place ei'rath i\ ji.e. .1 U lie- I ii- diaufl ami have not men sufficient for t<> Defend us. That tho" there be but few of us, yet we have laid out i an c-tate.- In burin in this place ; - liial we shall be extremely bull it we must now QlOve off, for we ii , l.v He- Blessing of God on our labors, a tine crop of corn on the ground ; ami tho' we have a Harrison iii the town. limit by order i.f Mai. Lovell, yet we have nobody empowered so much as to set a watch mi' it- ii- tea in. 11 1- keep it. We would pia\ yuill bXcell. n -\ that ut- ility have some assistance from the Government in sending us some sol- diers t" Ouaid and Iiefeinl us, as ill your wisdom \aai -hall think proper. Though we are but newly added to this Government, yet we pray your Excellency not to disregard us, but to assist us, that we may keep our estates and do service for the government hereafter And your Peti- tioners, as in duty Bound, \iill ever pray, '•John Cram, Jr., Joseph Cram, John Cram, Samuel I.eman, Iiavid Stevenson, John Stevenson, John Date; Jonathan Cram, Benjamin Cram, Kphraim Putnam, Abraham Lemau. " Salem Canada, June Jilth, 1744.'' II. The Revolutionary War.— We have seen, in the account of the public spirit and patriotism of the citizens in resenting the unjust laws of taxation and stamp duties in 1774. the [(reparation of the town to enter heartily into the final struggle for inde- pendence. In (act. the Wilton declaration of virtual independence of Great Britain takes precedence in point nf time of the famous Mecklenberg articles of Ninth ( 'aruliua. Many of the town records of that period have, un- fortunately, perished either by neglect or tire. We are told in the centennial address and appendix that " nearly every able-bodied man belonging to Wilton was out in the war, and every man in the town either did service personally or hired another to till his place for a longer or shorter period." At the battles of Bunker Hill, Bennington, White Plains, Saratoga and others Wilton was honorably represented. Twen- ty-two out of its sparse population were killed or died in camp or hospital in the war. The whole number enlisted was thirty-four known, and many others whose names are not recorded. A ig the names of those who were in the war, and in many instances several of the same name, are Abbot, Ballard, Barker, Burton, ("rani. Fry, Gray, Greele, Hawkins, Hazleton, Hidden, Holt, Honey, How, Hutchinson, Lewis, Martin, Parker, Perrv, Pettengill, Peirce, Putnam, Reddington, Russell, Sawyer, Wilkins. Wilton jiaid at one time £30(i 10.?., and at another time £293 9s., as bounties to the soldiers. When the Continental currency depreciated in value, in order that the soldiers should get their dues, they were paid, each, for three months' service, a bounty in cattle, twenty head to a man, estimated at eight dollars a head. The sum paid instead of the cattle was twelvi dollars in the depreciated money. Besides the regu- lar [iay by the government and the bounty by the town, the town also paid for the clothing. In 1777, Ichabod Perry enlisted during the war. Isaac Fry -ci\. il through the war. and at its close was honored with the brevet rank of major and a letter of com- mendation from I ieneral Washington. | Nor did the women and children at home bear a less honorable or patriotic part while their husbands, sons, brothers or fathers were absent in the service of their country. It fell to their lot to carry on the work at home, not only in-doors, but on the farms, anil to provide means to support their households and help pay the heavy taxes and bounties for the public service. We cannot be so forgetful of the heroism displayed in those days that tried not only men's, but women's studs, as to pass by unremem- bered and unmentioned the soldiers' families at home, their labors, dangers, anxieties and sufferings. III. War of 1812— The soldiers from Wilton in the War of 1812 were Lieutenant Abiel Wilson, Jr., Privates Timothy Mclntyre, Oliver Wilkins and Aaron Wilkins. They were on the northern frontier. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Mclntire was slain in battle in 1814; the others were and to their families. The sublime spectacle of a out during the war. Aaron Wilkins was out about great nation, rising at the emergency to maintain the Union and destroy slavery, is one of the greatest two years. At the first call for troops to defend Portsmouth, August, 1814. Aaron Wilkins, John furrier, Aaron Eolden and Samuel Holt went from the South Com- pany, and Abner Flint, James Wilson, Emery Foster and Abner Shattuek from the North Company. They were out about ten weeks. At the second call, Seth P. Tyler, Benjamin N. Fisk, Joel Severence and Timothy ]!. Abbot from the South Company, and Ensign Putnam Wilson, Eliab Tapley, Ambrose L. Farnum and Asa Fletcher from the North Company. They were out about seven weeks. Foster died at Londonderry when on his way home. Those in the first call were in Captain Timothy Putnam's company, Colonel Fisk's regiment. Those in the last eall were in Captain William Gregg's company, Colonel John Steele's regiment. The town gave io those in the first eall a bounty of ten dollars each, and to those in the last eall a bounty of six dollars each. The custom of annual trainings and musters was ob- served by Wilton, as by the other towns in New Hamp- shire, and a more minute history will lie given here- after in the fuller annals of the town in regard to the State militia. IV. The Mexican War.— It is not known that any soldiers from Wilton were out in this contest. events in the history of the world, and cannot tail to have its moral and political effect upon all future generations of the American republic. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Joseph Newell was born in Reading, Mass., in the year 1794. His father died soon after, so that he had no recollection of him. His mother married, for her second husband, John Cofran, of Charlestown, Ma — ., where tin- family were brought up, consisting of two .-mis and two daughters. After leaving school Joseph was placed in a store, and afterwards went into the West India goods busi- ness in Charlestown Square under the firm-name of Newell and Thompson, where they did an extensive business with the country towns of Vermont and New Hampshire, which in those days was done by the slow process of teaming, the products of the country to be exchanged for goods of various kinds. It was in 1823 when he was obliged to make a The popular impression in the North that this war ehange, on account of ill-health, to a climate free wa- waged in the interest ot the extension of slavery „,„„ eagt winda :lllli s . |lt air th . (t his stepfatner Jobn by the politicians of the South prevented any ex- Cofran, who had been obliged to take a place in Wil- tensive enthusiasm lor it among the masses of the ton. New Hampshire, fir debt, advised his son to go Northern people. t „ this place ;ls all experimen( and see ,,„„. it might V. The Civil War of 1861-65,-In this great agree with him. He had married Lavina Hopkins, conflict Wilton did its honorable part by men and daughter of Colonel Samuel Hopkins, of Wilming- Mass., the year previous, and with his young money. The votes of the town were earnest and patriotic in main!. lining the Union, while the mothers, wives, daughters and sisters at home bravely and faithfully did their part to assist those in the field by sending them clothing, food, medicines and home comforts of every description, and by keeping up the home farms and households. There were four men in the First New Hampshire Regiment, nine in the Second Regiment, one in the wife he started for New Hampshire, never once think- ing that his stay would be more than temporary : but his health became so much improved by the pure air and fine scenery that he concluded to remain for a time, and commenced business in the middle of Wil- ton. At that time all the business of the town cen- tred there, ami the country store was the grand ren- dezvous for all the town people, not only to exchange 'bird Regiment, seven in the Fourth Regiment, ten I their product- but their sentiments and opinions on all important questions of the day that might come up. and as one can imagine they were many, and then, as now, in political times were of Tie same vast importance to the different contending parties, ever watchful for their country's good. The hall over the store was the caucus room ; adjoining was a large the Fifth Regiment, two in the Si ventb Regiment, fifteen in the Eighth Regiment, three in the Ninth Regiment, two in the Eleventh Regiment, one in the Thirteenth Regiment, twenty-one in the Sixteenth Regiment, two in the First Regiment Cavalry, five in tie- first Regiment Heavy Artillery, and fifteen in the Lafayette Artillery— in all, eighty-seven. These Free-Masons' hall; the post-office was connected with are independent of those who may have enlisted in the store; therefore, one may readily see the many military organizations in other States from Wilton. attractions of the central store of one of those old The town wa- generous in paying bounties, and New England towns, where not only the affairs of the has since been munificent in giving pen-, town but those of the State and nation as well were Sions io those wounded, sick or crippled by the war, discussed oftentimes in a most exciting manner. -y^c iy\7u^^^^ 723 At this period New Hampshire seemed to have taken a life lease of the Democratic party. It was the law, if not the gospel, of both town and State' tor many long years, while the struggling minority were ever working to free themselves from the bondage of the dominant party, occasionally encouraged but only to Ik* defeated. Joseph Newell was always one of the stanch, hope- ful opposition— a Wehstei Whig from the start. In this he was decided and fearless, but annuallj on town-meeting day was obliged to succumb to the will of the majority. It will be seen that I ccupied a barren field tor political promotion, although his tastes were not of that kind. He clung to the old party to which he belonged while ii lasted with the tenacity of life, hut when the dissolving elements set in he took to what he consid- ered the next best landing, the Republican party, al- though with many regrets an. I fond lingerings for the past old battle-ground. In 1865 and L866 lie was elected to the State Senate, which was the only polit- ical office he ever held ; and. perhaps, here I cannot better illustrate a point in his character than by an extract taken from the Nashua Telegraph : liail : .1.--11.-.I ti> ai-im a |„ lull ii- in, :e ■' Vmii may argil.' It .ill ,lav, it \"ti Ilk,. -.u,l Mi V'A.ll. "inv mill, I is mail,, up ' " An.l il tiiiin.l mil that it was made up against the counsel." lie was a constant attendant and supporter of the old Unitarian Society of the town, and in former days his house was always open to the gatherings ol the clergy, which were frequent in those times; and if he did not fully endorse the creed or belief of that denomination tit that time, it must he confessed thai the gulf was not widened tis time went on with tin development of more liberal ideas. When the railroad Ir .Nashua was extended to Wilton, it completely changed the old town, and all the business forsook the old haunts of trade lor the terminus of the railroad on (he river hank in the eastern part of the town. The subject of our sketch was not long in determin- ing the icih course lefl for him to take. He at once erected a store and house and afterwards other build- ings and removed his business to this more thriving situation, where he continued to take an interest in the intinx enterprises of the town until 1857, when his wife died, and he then commenced to close up his While the old town was fast going to decay on account of its new rival, till it might have almost reminded one of < hiblsmitlfs I >eserted Village, yet, notwithstanding the forlorn and forsaken look which everywhere presented itself from abandonment and neglect, he could never entertain the thought of part- ing with his old home, surrounded as il is with charming scenery of woods and streams and w ith a bold outlook of the grand old Temple Hills which he so much enjoyed to look upon in after life. Add to this ih, old homestead, built in 1800, where his four children were born and the best and happiest days of his life were spent. With these feelings he was prompted to oiler the old store and adjoining buildings to his j «'. II. Newell, who immediately altered it into a spa- cious summer residence. The old homestead hegave lo his eldest Son, < reorge A. Newell, n ho made exten- sive repairs and alterations, and also occupies it dur- ing the summer months. This, together with other improvements, made the place an attractive home during the last days of the ..Id gentleman's life, and one which he never failed to enjoy. Joseph Newell ill any position in life would have been called a character. He was, as litis been -aid, a positive man. 11 is nature was not of a frivolous kind — deception, he had noni — hut with a strong deter- mination and decided opinions, strongly tinctured with a true sense of justice. He might be regarded among men like a how Idet on the landscape, linn and immo, able. An extract from the Telegraph at the lime of his death may not he inappropriate in closing this brie) sketch : lav) illuming at l li.- a.lvano-il a-.- ,,| e- He, u -m \. .ii * The ,!■-, eased ,\a- a liatlo- ,,| el,.ul.,..|..u n, Ma — l|.- . to Will ■ 111. I wa- a |.l,,^|, --Il i/.n an. I ] lit m.i.l I 1 ,,|,, than wen paralli I. I,- was a l- I citizen rs to e— foi his example was \v..r- OAVin WHITING. 1 David Whiting is the son of Oliver and Fany (Stiles) Whiting, and was born at theold Whiting homestead, now the county farm in Wilton, New Hampshire, August I'll, IS HI. t Hiver Whiting was a native of Temple, X. H., and a successful farmer. He was a strong, sensible, resolute man, and acquired a . pe tence. He had four children, of whom David was the otil\ -on. He located upon a large faun in Wil- ton and carried it on until declining years prevented his gi, ing active at I en I ion lo il. when David look con- trol and ultimately succeeded i,. its ownership. I:, I II a in HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. David Whiting is therefore a native of Wilton, and, with the exception of a few years, lias always lived there. His life has been one of great usefulness. He received the ordinary instructions ofthe district school in his neighborhood, — but the school was seldom, if ever, over two months in length, and in winter. In summer he did not attend but worked on his lather's farm. He began to work almost as soon as he com- menced to walk, and he has never been idle since. At the age of eight he did the chores and took care of the cattle. Although his school days and the hours spent in reading and studying books were few, he has. through his keen observing powers, acquired a large store of practical information, and has become a busi- ness man of unusual intelligence. With a body aglow with health, knit together with muscles as strong as steel, and which has never been hurt by intemperance or abuse, and with a mind as clear and bright as sunlight, it is not strange that we find him, at the age of seventy-five, full of vigor and enterprise, pushing along with all the enthusiasm of youth. It is useful to record the life of such a man. It affords an instance of what perseverance, enterprise, courage and fidelity will do. Mr. Whiting possesses all these traits, hence hissuccess. Betbre he was twenty years obi be kept a store in Temple for awhile, belonging to his father; subse- quently he went to Fitehburg, Mass., and there erected a building in which he carried on trade for sunn' three years, ami in the meantime built and sold three dwel- ling-houses. He then sold out at Fitehburg and re- turned to Wilton, ami to his father's farm. lie bought the farm and carried it on for many years. Mr. Whiting, October 5, 1830, married Emma, daughter of Isaac Spalding, of Wilton. He was more than fortunate in his marriage. In all of his years since, and in every undertaking, he has been aided by the intelligent assistance of his wife, who is a lady ol i are beauty of character and whose domestic life has been the chief charm of Mr. Whiting's beau- tiful home. About two years after his purchase of the old home- stead, the barn with one hundred and fifty tons of hay was burned. This was a severe loss. He had fr !iii\ lo seventy-five head of cattle and winter was ap- proaching. There was no time to be lost. In this emergency Mr. Whiting's grit and courage were mani- fest. Storms test ships ; so difficulties and trials test men. He secured a company of men, went into the woods and cut the trees and turned them into lumber, and in about one month completed a barn hun- dred and twenty by forty, which still stands, a monu- ment to his courage and perseverance in the most try- ing circumstances. Mr. Whiting in time, made his fi most valuable in the State. It was one and possibly the largest dairy farm in it did not satisfy him. He wanted mo: When the railroad was built to W I'm one of the e ofthe largest, i the Slate, bin ire business. others, engaged a special car, and began to purchase milk of farmers and carry it, with the product of his own farm, to Boston. Previous to this time there had been no outlet for milk in this section of the State. It had to be made by the producer into butter and cheese. The milk ear was first started by parties in Boston, but largely through Mr. Whiting's influence and assistance. He was for a time employed on the car, but finally purchased the business, at the same time turning the management of the farm over to his son Harvey, and from that time henceforward has been engaged in this enterprise. The farm was finally sold to the county of Hills- borough and is now used for the County poor. In due time Mr. Whiting's two sons, H. A. and G. O. Whit- ing, joined him in business, and for many years the firm of I>. Whiting & Sons has been one of tin- most enterprising in southern New Hampshire. They are engaged not only in the milk trade, but in lumber and grain. Very soon after entering the milk busi- ness, Mr. Whiting began the manufacture of butter and cheese in Wilton. He now has a first-class fac- tory full of modern machinery, and consumes two thousand gallons of milk daily, making about eight hundred poundsof butter and sixteen hundred pounds of cheese. The visitorto the thrifty town of Wilton can 3ee on every hand the evidences of the enterprise of I>a\id Whiting >V Sons. It is fair to say that to the indom- itable enter]. rise of David Whiting the town owes more than to any other person. His force and indus- try have, for a full half century, been a source of en- couragement to all with whom he has associated. In 1866 Mr. Whiting erected a large hotel in Wil- ton. For years he was its landlord. He was a model one. Under his management the "Whiting House" became a famous summer result. In 1874, in a dis- astrous conflagration which visited the towu.it was burned and was never rebuilt. The site was subse- quently presented to Wilton by Mr. Whiting, and is now occupied by the new town house. He has twice represented the town of Wilton in the State Legis- lature. Mr. Whiting has Ci\^< children, seventeen grand- children and two great-grandchildren. His children are Harvej A. and George 0. Whiting; Mrs. Frances E. Spencer, of Lexington, Mass.; .Mis. Maria A. Van \ 1st i ne, of Louisville, K y. ; and Mrs. Lizzie M. Brad- ley, of Chicago, 1 11. October 5, 1880, Mr. and Mrs. Whiting celebrated their golden wedding. He was seventy, she was sixty - seven years old. It was a memorable occasion. Chil- dren, grandchildren and friends from far and near, gathered in the charming home of the worthy couple in Wilton, and all were received with genuine, hospi- tality for which Mr. and Mrs. Whiting an' so well known. More than three hundred people were pres- ent and entertained. The day and evening were spent in pleasant reminiscences, in merry-making, song Qf)6u^~L ^ f&^xrX' and dance. Many were the tokens of lovea'nd re spect that were left with them; and these, with the earnest words spoken, indicated the esteem in which thej are held by their kinsmen and townsmen and friends. David Whiting is a strong, earnest man. The world needs such men. D \ NIEL CRAGIN. Daniel Cragin, fourth child of Augustus and Almira (Boynton) Cragin, was born in the town of Merri- mack, Hillsborough County, N. 11., December 31, 1836. II, is seventh in line of descent, from John Cragon (as the name was then spelled), who was a Scot by birth, and whose life was rather an adventurous one. The tradition is that at the age of sixteen he was forced to join the army of the " Pretender," and at the disastrous battle of Dunbar he, with numerous others, was made prisoner by the English troops, and in 1632 he, with over two hundred and seventy others, were sent by the British Government to America in the ship " John and Sarah," to lie sold into slavery as a penalty tor their political offenses. We have not been able to learn whether Cragon was sold in obedience to this decree; if SO, it was certainly a very mild form of .slavery, and he soon obtained his liberty. At any rati', on the voyage he was stricken with small-pox, and his lite being despaired of, he was about to be thrown overboard, from which fate he was happily saved by the intercession of a young English lady named Sarah Dawes, whom he afterwards married in Woburn, .Mass., in which town they resided till their death. They had eight children, of whom John was sixth (born September 19, 1677, died January 26, 1703.) He married I leborah Skelton ; they had three children ; the eldest also named ■lahn, was born .March 24, 1701, married Judith Barker, of Concord, and settled in that part of the town now called Acton, from which place he afterward removed to Temple, N. II. He had nine children. Francis, the seventh child, was horn in Acton, and came with his parents to Temple where he grew to manhood and married Elizabeth Law. They had a numerous family ; Francis, the third child, was born October 24, 177o ; he married Sarah CummingS. Their son. Angus/us, was born July 19, 1802 ; married December II, L830, Almira Boynton; they had ten children, of whom Daniel, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, was fourth. When Daniel was but six months of age, his father, who was a farmer and mechanic, removed from Mer- rimack to Temple. Young Cragin was early taught to labor, his boyhood being spent on his father's farm till the age of seventeen, when he engaged with John Newell, of Lyndeborough, to learn cabinet-work. Alter three years spent with him, he went to Wilton where for a year be was employed in a furniture-shop. Then returning to Lyndeborough he, in company with a partner, purchased the shop and business of Mi. Newell, his first employer. Continuing here with varying success something more than a year, Mr. Cragin disposed of his interest in the business, and came lo what was known a I ilia I time as the " l'u I nam Corporation," in the north part of the town of Wilton. This was in L858. Mr. Cragin bad just attained bis majority, and while, as before slated, be had had some business experience, yel fortune had not favored him with financial success, and he began business in Wil- cash capital often dollars. He rented oner n in the l'u I nam Bobbin Factory, in winch to carry on his manufacturing. Continuing here two \ car- and meet ing with fair success, he pur- chased a small building on the site of his present factory, and removed his manufacturing there. Soon after this he built an addition to his shop, and from that time to the present a- the exigencies of his in- creasing business have demanded, he has made addi- tions to the space and facilities with which hestarted. In addition to the water-power which at the begin- ning was sufficient to operate his machinery, he has since found it necessary to add steam-power, and now both are in use. About the autumn of 1876, Mr. Cragin began the manufacture of dry measures, which has since grown to be the leading feature of his business. At the time when he undertook this line of manufacturing, the machinery in use for the purpose was very crude, in- deed ; in fact, the measures were bended and made almost entirely by hand. And just here comes a practical illustration of the genius or faculty, which more than all others has made N.-w England the centre of capital and cradle of progress in America, Che faculty of invention, that predominant and dis- tinguishing characteristic of the Yankee character, which seeing a need proceeds at once to devise a way of supplying it. With a singleness of purpose and de- termination to succeed, coupled with an analytical and practical turn of mind. Mr. Cragin began at once to devise simple and labor-saving machines to do what had hitherto been done only by hand. < rae con- trivance after another was made, , xperimented with, improved and perfected, until now, by the aid of various ingenious, curiously contrived, yi IM: n hines, the lumber is carried through the manifold p ro , esses necessary to i onvert it into measures of various sizes and capacities, in an amazingl) rapid and skillful manner, until the vessels are completed, the whole work practicall) done l,\ machinery. And wliai is] ,everj piece of machinery in Mr.Cragin's 1:ll ,,,,., except a few of the simpler contrivance,-, is the product of his own inventive genius. The im- proved facilities which he lias thus created for him- _ r ir dave enabled him to produce first-class wori at prices which have practically driven from the field ;l || competitors, SO that in the area which he attempts to cover, he has almost a nopoly in this specialty. In addif to manufacturing he has dealt more or 726 HISTOKY OF llll.FSlloKol 'CI1 COUNTY, XF.W II A M FSI1 1 F K less in lumber, real estate, etc., and made other in- vestments. Il> lii- been selectman of the town of Wilton five years, ami chairman of the board for three years. IF- represented his town in the Legislature two years, 1875-76, anil in Iss-i was nominated candidate lor Senator .in the Democratic ticket, Imt with no chance of election as the district isstronglj Republican. Mr. Cragin is a stanch yet tolerant Democrat, broad and liberal in both political ami religious views. He is one of the directors of the Wilton Savings-bank. He married March 22, 1859, .lane L., daughter of John ami Lucette Dolliver, of Lyndeborough. They ha\ e no children. Mrs. Cragin's ancestors came originally from Eng- land ; the name was then spelled " Dolebier." Her grandfather was a master mariner ami sailed for many years in the China trade. Prior to the United States treaty with China. Captain Dolliver was at one time immured in a Chinese prison for quite a while for some technical violation of some of their customs or laws. Mis. Cragin's father was a native of Marble- head, Mass., from which place he removed to Lynde- borough, X. H., where he is still li\ ing at an advanced II. N. Gray was born January 4. 1826, at what is known as "Cray's Corners," in the town of Wilton, N. H. He is descended from Joseph Cray, who was a soldier iii the War of the Revolution, and partici- pated in the battle of Ticonderoga. Joseph Graj was, by occupation, a farmer, and was a man of great energy and tone of character. He retained his in- terest in military affairs, anil after the Revolutionary War was over he became adjutant of militia, which position he held for many years. He was a man of robust constitution, full of energy, an early ris< r, and noted for his push and vigor. He lived to be 'e than eighty years of age. His wife was Chloe Ab- bott. Calvin Gray was his son. and was brought up on his father's farm. When about eighteen years of age, he learned blacksmithing with James Mean-, of Wilton, and followed that occupation as long as he lived, lie was a genial, pleasant man, and fond ,,f the jollities of life. He inherited his father's love for military affairs , and rose to the rank of adjutant of militia, the same rank his father had formerly held. He married Clarissa King. They had three children, who survived him: H. Newton; Harriet X. (married Henry K. French, of Peterborough, X. II., and died, leaving one child); Charles I». (married Kate Spaulding, of Mason, and died leav- ing no issue i. Calvin Gray was born 1800, and died L856. II. .\ . Gray was brought up on the farm and in the blacksmith-shop of his father, with whom he re- mained until he attained his majority. IF then hired the shop of his father, and conducted business lor himself. Upon his fathei 's dei ease, In- purchased of the other heirs their interest in the estate, and has successfully prosecuted the business, to which he has added carriage-building, to tic present time. He is the originator of what is known as the Wilton Wagon, and has made a specialty of their manufacture for several years. He has the reputation of doing thor- oughly first-class work, and ha- that grandest of all tributes paid him by his neighbors — (hat of being, in all respects, an upright, reliable, truthful man. He is a Republican in politics, and a Unitarian in re- ligion. He married, January 3, L853, Mary Ann Heath, of Fane. Mass., an estimable lady. They have three children: Ella H. (married William H. Putnam, of Wilton, and has live children), Charles X. (married Mina O. Jones, of Wilton, daughter of Dr. Jones), and William H. (married .Minnie Follansbee, oi Wilton). Mr. Cray is an industrious, pushing man. and lias made for himself and family a beautiful home. Flis venerable mother, who is still living at the advanced age of eighty-one, is, in man} respects, a remarkable woman, possessing a strong mind in a strong body. She has been a woman of remarkable activity and industry, of clear judgment and sound common sense, full of life and energy. She has, perhaps, done more labor, and successfully carried through greater re- sponsibilities, than any other woman of (he commu- nity. She has been a model New England house- wife, neat, frugal, industrious and self-reliant. Such mothers have given to the world the successful men of the world. She has, all her life, prided herself on promptitude, never failing to perform to the letter whatever she promised: and this trait, inherited by her son, has been the key-note of his since-- in busi- ness, and his standing as a reliable man among his fellow-townsmen. It is a pleasure to be able to preserve on the pages of history some record of the virtues of such wives and mothers. All honor to their memory, and may their descendants revere their name, and emulate the example of their unselfish, noble lives. c/^r^^ 7^ HISTORY OF WINDSOR. I1Y .John Q. DODGE. CHAPTER I. Windsob is situated twenty-seven miles west from i loncordand has an area of live thousand three hundred and thirty-five acres. It is Unruled on ihe northeast and east by Hillsborough, on the south by Antrim, en tin- west ami northwest by Stoddard, Cheshire Count} . and Washington, Sullivan (' ity. The shape of the town is like that of a flat-iron. Tin- was caused b) the old State survey and layingout of the towns. They began at the east side, on the Maine line, and ran west to the west side of Hillsborough, stopped there, and began again on the west side of the Connecticut River, running east to the east side ofStod- dard and Washington, thus leaving this heater-piece, as described, the same being granted t Mr. < lamp- bell, and lor many years prior to incorporation it went by the name of " Campbell's Gore." December 27, 1798, it was incorporated a town under its present name, Windsor. Its present population (1885) isahoutsixty-five. The soil is naturally very fertile, and there is but little ol what would be termed waste land; yet, at present, there is hut a small portion of it properly eared for and under a respectable state of cultivation, quite a portion being owned by a lew whose attention is turned to grazing. There are three natural ponds. Black Pond is the principal body of water. White and Bagley Ponds are smaller. Fish abound in each. The writer is unable to get much of the early his- tory of the town, as in the year 1850 .Mr. Samuel Chapman was town clerk, and in June his house was burned, and all the town minutes and records, except one book, were destroyed. This hook dales back to July 1809, except by chance the incorporation of the town in 1798 had been recorded in it. A Mr. Joshua Lovejoy, who oner made potash here, was authorized to call the first town-meeting. John T.Gibson was Governor, and thefirst meeting we have record of was .March 14, 1809, at which there were thirty-four votes cast. The present number of poll.- is twenty-four. An alphabetical list of all the representatives on record is as follows : REPR] 5ENTATIVES Horace Ui I, i yeai . Charles \ Blam hard, I y ai Jo 1 1 b • I ... ,. ,,,.,,, |,,. N |.;,vi.t •".Llll>, 1 v.;irs ; Siilnil.-I I 'It:, pi. >.n .. - v.;u- . si la- ili.ipni.iii. J yi .11- I .-■I'll I' C!i.i| in. lyr.n- . Francis G. Dressei years; Nehcniiah .1. ii ,11 11. Flint, J J i' 1 Mark S; am! Francis < '<. 1 >resser was tin rov s i 1.1 rks ,„.•! I l,..|. Dai .. .1 - . \ : A,. I. ,i .Li McClintock, 14 years ; J Warren Perkins, 2 years George M Russell, - ,. , |i. II Sweatt, 7 years Archibald McClintoi k was the first town clerl mi record, in 1809, and George M. Russell the lasi and present one. SKI, I-.' nn N - w. '- \i.> . .1. ..... . 1 1 - - i ■ - ■ w I (years; S Buck, 1 bail. ■ \ Blam i. ..el. - years . . years Jolin Curtis, 1 yeai Chapman, 31 yearn John M Curtis,;) i years J B Em n I yeai I ram i- I eph I'li.ipm .... years . hi I. FoIb , The present hoard arc George M. Russell, Francis i ;. Dresser and Mark Symonds. The whole amount of mom > paid soldiers during the war of the Rebellion was $1613, as follows: John C. Knowlton,$100; Joseph C. Chapman, $100; George W. Carr (a nine months' man), $100; Charles A. Blancbard, $300; Charles A. W Is, $300; Hiel Mc- Clintock, $300; Joseph Wright, $413. The last foui scut substitutes. The town paid, up its whole war debt in two years. The first mill in town was built at the foot oi Black pond, by Alexander McClintock. about 1790; was owned and operated bj aim for sevi ral years and then passed into the hands of Mr. Silas Gibson, who after- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. wards built a new one and also a flour-mill a few feet above. Tbe part he built now stands, with an addi- tion a1 each end. Mr. Gideon Knowlton bought the mill from Mr. Gibson, and for several years large quan- tities of flour were made there up to about 1850. Mr. Knowlton operated the mill until he died, in 1863. Ii was then bought by Mr. Daniel G. Dodge, who put in a Leffell water-wheel, which, under the lull head of water, gives seventy-two horse-power. He also put in a board circular-mill, planing machine, etc., and did quite an extensive business until he died, in 1872. It then passed into the hands of the present owner. John II. Dodge, who, in 1S70, leased it to New- man & Co., of Hillsborough. They put in a boiler and engines, in addition to machines and fittings for the manufacture of clothes-pins, and run it for about two years; but, being heavily in debt when they began, and failing to secure funds, they were obliged to assign their property for the benefit of their creditors. At the assignee's auction, John G. Dodge purchased the entire outfit, and, in 1880, began operations in the lumber business, after first having put in a cemented stone dam that water will never move nor time decay. He now employs a dozen hands on the lumber and clothes-pins, ami to utilize the whole power would re- quire twenty-live men. In 1883, .Mr. Dodge refitted the grist-mill with one run of stones lor coarse meal. About the year 1819, Mr. Ezra Smith built a mill about one hundred rods below, on the same stream, for the purpose of dressing woolen cloth. A part of the old dam remains, but the mill has long since de- cayed. Mr. Samuel Chapman is the only man now- living in town who was at the raising. There are three other unoccupied water privileges between the present mill and where the woolen-mill stood, from which twenty to forty feel of fall might be had, with water sufficient to do quite a business, the year round, in the manufacture of wooden-ware, ami there is an immense quantity of good lumber center- ing here, with no feasible outlet for it in the log. In 1853 there was a steam-mill built at White Pond by Mr. Joseph Lund, and until it was burned, in June of 1858, he did quite an extensive lumber business. Mr. Otis Chamberlin was chief manager. The mill was located on the southeast corner of the pond, and there were several houses built near by, giv- ing it the appearance of quite a thrifty business place. Nothing remains now to mark the spot, except partol the mill foundation. Mr. Judkins built another steam-mill in the north part of the town, on the turnpike, about 1856. Mr. .F. R. Emerson furnished logs for him, and he did quite a business for four or live years. The mill was burned and the watchman, Mr. Benjamin Case, was burned to death in it. Mr. J. B. Emerson afterwards built a little shop beside the road, and for several years made bobbins by steam-power. The building was then converted into a dwelling-house, where Mr. Silas Blanchard, the present owner and occupant, resided with his wife, a daughter of Mr. Xchemiah Jones, who has in her possession some of her father's old account-books. They are not dated, but were used when there were no J's used. Jones was spelled ( tones, and Jacob, i l-acob. She has his goose-quill pen and the inkstand he used to carry in his pocket, together with other ancient relics. ' There was a brick church built by subscription in 1849, at an expense of one thousand dollars, under charter of the Union Religious Society, and dedicated April 24. 1850. Rev. Robinson, of Stoddard, Rev. Powers, of Washington, and Dudley, of Hillsborough, presided. The first board of trustees were Hy. B. Sweatt, Daniel Sweat! and Sue] Preston. By virtue of his office, the chairman of the board of trustees was always made treasurer. The building was situated across the road, opposite the cemetery, near Black Bond, and was used tor a church until purchased by Newman & Co., in 1N77, who remodeled and fitted it up for a boarding-house, to accommodate the em- ployes in their clothes-pin manufactory. The building was purchased by John G. Dodge, its present owner, at the assignee's sale, and is now used as a boarding-house for his employes. There have been two stores ami two hotels kept in town. Joseph Chapman kept a hotel and slue about 1800, for several years, near the Chapman corner. A colored lady. Miss Hannah Hackett, carried on a store a little above the corner, on the Washington road. Air. John Avcrill conducted a hotel on the turnpike, (which was built in 1801,) for several years, about 1827. There have been two blacksmith-shops in town, where quite a business was once done. One of them, near theHackette store, was conducted by Irani Woods, and the other, near Black Pond, owned and carried on by Mr. Mark Symonds for fifteen years, from December I, 1837, during which time Mr. Symonds saved fifteen hundred dollars. Among the most noted justices we have had may be mentioned Solomon Andrews, from about 1800 to 1810; Joseph Chapman, from 1 810 to 1820; Nehemiah Jones, from 1820 to 1830 (Mr. Jones was custom-house officer at Hillsborough before he moved here) ; John G.Flint, from 1830 to 1835; and Mr. David Curtis from 1835 for about ten years. Mr. Curtis was also road commissioner at one time. Several others have held commissions as justices, but have never done much business. We have now only two school districts in town, with about one hundred dollars of school money. District No. 1 has about seventy dollars and District No. 2 about thirty dollars. District No. 2 has no com- fortable school-house. District No. 1 built, a house in 1884 which is very creditable to those who favored the enterprise. Among the most noted men and farmers who have WINDSOR. lived here and are here now, beginning at the south- years, and has greatly improved the farm and build- west part of the town, were David Curtis, a good far- ings. The farm produces nearly three times as much iner, active in business and highly respected; Lemuel hay, an. I of a better quality. Curtis' house stood in Windsor and his barn across On the road leading to Washington, Joseph I I hap the road in Antrim. man has a good farm, and cares well for it. At the .Mr. Simeon Buck was a good farmer, and on his Chapman corner is the Ian. owned by Samuel and and the Lemuel Curtis place were founded the first Mark Chapman; the soil is naturally good, but they settlements in town. have never made any great improvements on the land. The settlers selected this place on account of the Mr. Samuel Chapman has done more town business high land, from which they could overlook the valleys than any other man that ever lived in town, lie i- and see the Indians' camp-tires at night and watch their movements. They took their grain upon their shoulders and went, by marked trees, to Litchfield ami Bedford, a distance of some forty miles, to have it ground. I in the Mountain road, from Windsor to Antrim, were the places of John Sweat! and his son Oliver, also that of Samuel Curtis (who went to Contoocook), who, with his son, Groavenor, is now doing an exten- sive mercantile business. They used to keep good stock, ami were good fanners. On the road leading east to Hillsborough was the place of James Perkins, a good farmer and the owner of a rich farm. Down at the foot of the hill was the farm of Reuben Preston, extending to Black Pond. < (fall the farms mentioned in this part of the town, and several others not men- tioned, there is but one farm at present occupied, which is that of David Curtis, now in the possession of his daughter. Mr. Asa Goodell now owns what was formerly eight good farms and two large pastures adjoining, lying south of Black Pond, making one solid body of land, where, thirty years ago, one hundred head of cattle were sheltered from the cold blasts of winter ; not a single creature received shelter last winter. This is not all, for, on the road that formerly led from Wind- sor to Stoddard, he owns what was four farms in Windsor and hundreds of acres ou the edge of Stod- dard, adjoining. His son-in-law, Melvin Temple, also on this road, occupies the farm of Daniel Sweat!. which he has greatly improved. John have enjoyed the privilege id' a minis- ter of their own choosing, our local situation requir- ing the same." The prayer of this petition was granted, and, June 30, 1781, fifty-two voters and heads of families were set off and constituted the Second, or Northwest, Parish of Amherst. Of the names found in the act of incorporation, some arc interesting as being the progenitors of present active if at least the fourth generation. In the same month the first parish meeting was held and parish officers chosen. In March, 1782, a committee MONT VERNON. 7:::: was chosen to lay the lower floor, sell the pew-ground in the meeting-house and use the money received therefor in finishing the house; also to hire preach- ing iijMin probation. In I 7.S2 ;i Mr. Towers, and in 1783 a Mr. Allen were employed as preacher. In 178:3, it was voted to raise fifty pounds to defray parish charges. In December, 1783, it was voted to con- cur with the church in calling Mr. Samuel .Sar- gent to the gospel ministry in said parish. The effort to settle Mr. Sargenl tailed, for, in the summer of 17*4, Mr. John Bruce commenced preaching, and. December 29, 1784, they voted to concur with the church in giving him a call to settle in the gospel ministry in this parish. Also voted to offer Mr. Bruce one hundred and twenty pounds as a settle- ment, and sixty pounds and twenty cords of wood yearly, so long as he carries on the work of the gospel ministry here, and thirty pounds and twenty cords of w 1 annually, it' he should become dis- abled from carrying on the work of the ministry, foi so long a time as he remains the minister of the place. Nathaniel Haywood, Oliver Carlton and Lieuten- ant William Bradford were appointed a committee to communicate the \<.tes of the parish to Mr. Bruce and receive his answer. Mr. Bruce accepted the call, and, alter some delay. was ordained November 3, 178.i. In 1791 the finishing of the meeting-house was completed by a committee consisting of Moses Kim- ball, Lieutenant Joseph Farnuni and Deacon Oliver Carlton. March ill, 17!'2, Mr. Jonathan Conant, formerly of Beverly, was designated, by a vote of the parish, as the most suitable man to serve as a justice of the peace in said parish. May 25, 1792, " Voted to build a wall by the high- way against the burying-ground." •• Voted, that the bass viol be not carried into the meeting-house to be used in time of exercise." October 25, 17'J2, it was voted to allow the bill of tin committee for building the gate in front of the burying-ground, amounting to £4 19*. ■>•!. " Voted to build another piece of wall by the side of the burying-ground." March 18, 1793, v. .ted the pew in the gallery of the meeting-house to the use of the singers. March 21, 1796, an article having been inserted in the warrant calling the meeting holden this day, asking the consent of the parish that the /»(« viol be used in the meeting-house on Sundays to assist the singers in time of public worship, failed of approval. May :;. 1802, it was voted to take measures to effeel a separation from the town of Amherst, and a com- mittee, consisting of Major William Bradford, John Carlton, Captain John Batchelder, Captain Joseph Perkins, Captain Thomas Cloutman, Deacon Jacob Kendall, Lieutenant Benjamin Parker, Lieutenant Joseph Farnum, Eli Wilkins, Parker Richardson, Nathan .lone-, and Lieutenant fine. thy Hill, was ap] Mil to pel l! loll the tOfl II lellll \\ e lllelclo. On the last Thursday of May, 1802, the parish voted to petition the General Court to incorporate them into a town, with the same boundaries as those fust established between the First and Second par- ishes; also, that a strip of land half a mile wide, lying in the easterly part of Lyndcborough, extend- ing the entire length ol this parish, and adjoining it, be asked lor as a part of the new town. Nathan Jones, Eli Wilkins, James Joseph Smith. Langdell audi 'aptain Joseph Perkins were appointed a committee to prepare a petition for that purpose. On the fust Monday of June, 1802, chose Nathan Jones, Captain Joseph Perkins and Captain Benja- min Parker to present the petition to the General < 'ourt. November 21, 1803, it was voted to accept the report of the committee of the General Court in re- gard to I he incorporation of the new town. " Voted, that the name of the contemplated town be Mont Vernon." An act incorporating the town of Mont Vernon was consummated by the signature of ( lovernor John Taylor Oilman. December 15, L803. 'flic verdure of the farms which cluster about the eminence upon which the village is located sug- gested the name of the town. The number of tax-payers in the town thus in- corporated was one hundred and thirty-live, April 1, 181)4. Thus was completed an entire separation from the parent town. Twenty-three years before, this had been partially effected by the formation of the Second Parish, as religiously independent of the first, and this had not tended to unity of feeling or action. Political differences had succeeded the religious diversities which induced the former action. In 1783, two years ..nly from the organization of the Northwest Parish, one hundred and twenty-one residents of the First Parish addressed to the Legislature a petition ask- ing that, as they had in part disunited the town, and the result was variance, discoid, contention, that "separate interests established by law had made their town-meetings scenes of confusion, irregularity and vexation, therefore th that the division of the body corporate I pleted and those polls and estates set oil' in ministerial matters be wholly separated from us in all matters whatsoever." 'flic Legislature took no action on this doleful petition, but twenty years later the desired relief came, to the satisfaction of both communities. In the party divisions which distinguished the close of the last century and the beginning oi tie present, the ruling influences in the Second Parish were as intensely Republican or Jeffersonian as were those of the First in an opposite direction. For thi 18 2. .Major William Bradford, classed as an "offensive Jacobin," represented the town at the 734 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. General Court by aid of the Second Parish vote, and the Federal elements rejoiced to be free from the connection. The first town-meeting was held January 23, 1804, at the Centre School-house. Joseph Langdel] was chosen moderator, John Carlton town clerk, and John Carlton, Jus. Langdell and Jacob Kendall selectmen. At the first annua] town-meeting March 13,1804, the same town officers were re-elected, and Major William Bradford chosen as representative. Later Ecclesiastical History.— Rev. John Bruce, the first pastor, ministered to Mont Vernon Church from 1784 to his sudden death of apoplexy, March li'. 1809. He was born in Marlborough, Mass., August 31, 1757; graduated at Dartmouth in 1781. Of the first ten and last eight years of his pastorate there, are no church records. A list of the members of the church, in Mr. Bruce's handwriting, about 1798, makes its membership one hundred and ten. The next veai' fifty were added by profession. This revival was the first known in this section, and it awakened much interest tar ami wide. Mr. Bruce was a successful minister. " He was meek, |iioiis, humble, kind and gentle. Among his distinguishing traits, aside from these, were his solid sense, prudence and discretion. All who knew him loved and revered him." Mr. Bruce married, in 1785, Lois Wilkins, of Marlborough, who survived him with four sous ami two daughters. The sons were heads of families, all worthy citizens and life long residents of Mont Vernon. Their united ages at their decease were three hundred and twenty-two years. On the decease of Mr. Bruce, Rev. Stephen Chapin immediately received a call from this church, hut. was not installed until November 15, 1S09. Born at Mil- ford, Mass., in J77.S, a graduate of Harvard in 1804, a pupil in divinity with the famous Dr. Emmons, of Franklin, Mass., his firsl settlement was in the neigh- boring town of Hillsborough, four years, from 1805 to 1809. Mr. Chapin was a man of positive convictions and bold, unadorned and uncompromising in his style of preaching. His earnest, aide preaching and string- ent discipline made a deep impression upon his people. 1 luring a pastorate of nine years, one hundred ami fifteen were added to the church. On one Sab- bath in 1817 fifty-one converts were received into fellowship. While all hearts were completely united in him, the day of separation came from a quarter least sus- pected. In October, ISIS, the pastor suddenly an- nounced a change in his views respecting the mode and subjects of baptism. He renounced infant bap- tism. He was a man sincere and true, and consci- entiously embraced Calvinistic Baptist views. He at once resigned his pastorate and was dismissed in No- vember, ISIS. After a three years' pastorate as a Baptist clergyman at North Yarmouth, he was, in 1822, called to a professorship in Waterville College, Maine, and thence to the presidency of Columbia College, at Washington, D. ('.. which he occupied for many years. The salary of Mr. Chapin was stipu- lated at four hundred dollars per annum, ami if, from any cause, he was unable to preach, no abatement, un- less such absence exceeded six week-. Alter an interval of a little more than a year from .Mr. Chapin's dismission, Rev. Ebenezer Cheever, a native of Reading, \'t., a graduale of Bowdoin College, was ordained December 8, 1819. He con- tinued pastor until April S, 1823, with an addition to the church, in the mean time, of twenty-two mem- bers. He baptized thirty-nine children in less than three years. In the spring of [820 the first Sabbath- school was organized here, being held in the school- liouse and composed exclusively of children. After leaving here, Mr. Cheever was pastor of a church in Watcrford, N. Y., and at other places, and died in New Jersey. Two weeks alter Mr. Cheever's dismis- sion, Ke\ . Nathaniel Kingsbury, from Connecticut, and a graduate of Amherst College, commenced his labors. He was ordained November 8, 182::, and dismissed April 6, 1836. He removed West and died some years since in Wisconsin. Mr. Kingsbury was not a man of marked ability, but his ministry here was prosperous, and during it one hundred and fifty-four were received into the church. Two periods of pe- culiar interest occurred, the former in 1828, when thirty-four were added, the latter in 1831, when nearly sixty united by profession. Those were re- vival days, when the ministers aided each other in what were called "protracted meetings," which were often seasons of thrilling interest and great power. Many of the converts of 1831 were persons in mature life. It included the lawyer and the two physicians then in practice here. Never, before orsince, has this church been the scene of such religious activity — scencsstill living vividly in the remembrance of main among us. It was in 1830, during Mr. Kingsbury's pastorate, that the temperance reform began in the church, and was vigorously and steadily prosecuted outside until it expelled liquors from the town. The youth of the present .lay can hanlU imagine I lie condition of this small community, with eight tavern licenses signed in a single year. In some places they sold a hogshead a week ; but a small portion of this quantity was dis- pensed to residents, but enough to alarm the thoughtful ami virtuous. At that period two public roads led northward, through different sections of the town. These were thoroughfares, thronged with light and heavy travel. At all hours of the day lines of canvas-covered merchandise teams might be seen hearing their heavy freight from and to the seaboard. To modify and control public opinion was noeasy mat- ter, — work which required strong heads and true hearts. Dr. Daniel Adams may lie named as one early prominent in this movement of philanthropy. He delivered convincing and effective addresses on this subject in this and other towns. MONT VERNON. Rev. Edwin Jenniscm, :i graduate nf Dartmouth in 1827, succeeded Mr. Kingsbury, being installed April 6, 1836. Hi- was a native of Walpole, N. II., and had been settled in the ministn in that place from 1831 to 1835. His pastorate in Mont Vernon con- tinued until August 19, 1841, during which time twenty-three were added to the church. As a ser- monizer he excelled, but visited little. During bis ministry the discussion of the slavery question agi- latcd tli' church and sum. -what disturbed its peace. In 1837 the church was removed westerly to the opposite and more sheltered side of the street, en- tirely remodeled, being finished in two stories and furnished with a bell and organ. The town conveyed to the Congregational Society all its right to this meeting-house, reserving tor a town hall one-half the ground-floor. Also the town stipulated to finish the town-hall appropriated for their use, and to sustain the roof of the bouse, making all repairs which mighl be required from time to time, anil that the Congre- gational Society have side control of the house, they sustaining and making all needed repairs on the body of the building excepting the town hall. This eon- tract has been scrupulously adhered to these forty eight years, and the church and town occupy the edifice harmoniously within clearly-defined limits. The tailing health of Mr. Jennison compelled his dis- mission, and alter a voyage to Europe he settled in Ashburnham, Mass., and subsequently, from 1 .si 7 to L849, at Hopkinton, N. H. His frequent ill-health at length compelled his retirement from pastoral ser- vice. He located as a farmer in Alstead, N.ll.. supplying for a timeone of the churches in that town, and from 1852 to 1854 the church in the adjoining town of Langdon, N. 11. Hedeceased several years since. .Mr. Jennison's successor at Mont Vernon, Rev. Bezaleel Smith, was installed hen August 19,1841. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1825, and had been previously settled at New Hampton. V II.. and at Rye, N. II. He labored in .Mont Vernon nine years, closing his ministry here in 1850. He was a sound, hut not brilliant preacher, cautious and discreet, a pastor who made uemies. Slave-holders wen- by vote excluded from the pulpit and from the Lord's table, and thirty-two persons added to the church during his pastorate. He removed from here to Rox- bury, \. II.. and after laboring there two years was called to the pastorate of the church in New Alstead, X. H., from tin nee to i In 1 church at Hanover Centre, N. H. Some ten years since, the infirmity of old age compelled his retirement. He died some years since at Rutland, Vt. Rev. Charles D. Herbert commenced preaching here .Inly 5, 1850, and was installed November 6th. He is a native of Ellsworth, Me., and a via Inc. oi Bowdoin. Coining here young and enthusiastic, he devoted himself with singleness of aim and Christian zeal to his work. His labors here exhibited him as a kind, sympathetic and sincere friend, and earnest, consecrated man. Under his ministry, in 1851 and 1852, quite a number of young people in the Academj and outside attained the christian's hop,-. The whole number added to the church during Ins ministry was fifty-five, lie closed his labors here earl) in 1856, and was soon after settled over a church in West Newbury, Mass. After a ministry there of many years he qualified himself for the practice of medicine and labored in Rut- land, Mass., some years, both pleaching and prac- ticing. Some years since, he was recalled to Ins former parish at West Newbury, and now is in the ministry there. In the fall of 1856 the church extended a call to Rev. Charles E. Lord to its vacant pastorate, ami his installation occurred late in that year. His people regarded his sermons as very well written. He quietly pursued the even tenor of his way until the summer of 1861, when he requested and r ived a dismission. He has since been in the ministry at Chester, Vt., and some years since was a professor in ti i ■ schools for clergymen in New York, lie is a native of South Berwick, .Me., and a graduate of I lartmouth < Jollege. Early in 1862 the church invited Rev. George F. Sanborne to succeed Mr. Lord, lie ministered to them about three and a half years, until the summer of 1865, when he resigned to accept a call to N'orth- horough, Mass. Mr. Lord is a native of Reading, Mass., and a graduate of Amherst College. He is now a resident of Hartford, Conn. The ministry of both Messrs. Lord and Sanborne was barren o I noteworthy incident, and the numerical increase to the church slight. The Civil War was raging and public atten- tion was concentrated upon it, to tin 1 exclusion of. other interests, 'flic clergymen of Mont Vernon, like most of their brethren during that eventful period, omitted no effort to set anil keep the public opinion around them in what thej deemed the right channel, — the prosecution of the war for the destruc- tion of slavery and the conquest of rebellion as the only basis for a reunited country. They sought, in and out of the pulpit, to stimulate the zeal ami sustain the courage ol their people. And the event has justified their patriotism as of the true quality. A peace, based on righteousness, was conquered. In tin- summer of 1865, Rev. IS. M. Frink, a native of Jackson, N. II., and a graduate of Bangor Semi- nars, began his ministry of two and one fourth years with this church, sundering the connection in 1867 o accept a call to Portland, Me. He i- umi set- tled at Shelburne Fall-. Mass. Mr. Frink is a man ol' great vital force and activity ami an engaging speaker. Though his stay in Mont Vernon was brief, the line, commodious parsonage is a memorial of his enterprisi and energy. Early in 1866, appreciating the need of a parsonage and having faith in his HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUQH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. ability to secure tin- necessary means, he- set Oil foot a subscription, and, with others inspired by his ener- getic spirit, collected, in a brief space, the requisite construction fund to erect the elegant structure which stands opposite the church ami very near the site formerly occupied by it, from 1780 to 1837. These buildings, with the stable since added, cost aearlj two thousand dollars. Late in the winter of L867-68, Rev. Setli H. Keeler, D.D., became the minister of the parish without pastoral charge, lie continued preaching in Mont Vernon nearly eight years, closing his ministry late in September, 1875, when he removed to S erville, Mass., where lie has since resided. Though advanced in years when bis service to this people commenced, he approved himself as an able, scholarly and faith- ful religious teacher. In is?:! ami 1874 some forty persons united with the church as the result of special religious interest in the community. Dr. Keeler is a graduate of Middlebury College, and had previously been a pastor at Windsor. N't., South Berwick, Me., and for many years at Calais, Me. September 5, 1880, Dr. Keeler preached a cen- tennial sermon, the church having been organized in September, L780. In November, 1875, Rev. Wm. H. Woodwell was engaged to supply the pulpit for one year, with reference to permanent settlement, and his labors continued nearly four and one-half years, he deliver- ing his farewell discourse March 28, 1880. He is a native of New buryport, Mass., ami graduated atBow- doin College. He is now in the ministry at Orient, Long Island, \. Y. The church employed various candidates during the summer of 1880, ami in October, Rev. Charles C. Car- penter accepted their invitation to settle with them, and began pastoral service November 1st, though his installation was deferred until July 1, 1881. In tin summer of 1883 he was attacked by an affec- tion of the throat, which threatened thesuspensi f his ministerial work. By medical advice he sailed for Europe in September, in pursuit of relief. His ab- sence covered a period of less than three months, and was passed wholl;, in Great Britain, of which he made a rapid but extensive tour. Returning much improved, he resumed his labors and continued them until the summer of 1885, when the condition of his health compelled a resignation of his pastorate, which was dissolved by a council July 28th, having had a dura- tion of lour years and nine months. He has removed his residence to Andover, Mass. Mr. Carpenter performed his work here with energy and fidelity, so diligently and thoroughly that the im- press will long abide. That one with such varied capacities foi usefulness as a pastor ami citizen, and who had so readily identified himself with the com- munity, should be abruptly withdrawn from it is an event that causes profound and universal regret. Mr. Carpenter is an aide preacher; his sermons are. alwaj - original and Scriptural, and interest and edify. They are never encumbered with superfluous verbiage, but are simple and clear, concise and direct, with no lack of fit illustration. Rev. Charles C. Carpenter was born at Bernardston, Mass.. July 9, 1836. His fatherwas Dr. Elijah W. Carpenter, a physician of that town. Mr. Carpenter titled for college at Willis- Ion .Seminary. Massachusetts, and at Kimball Union Academy, New Hampshire. Failure of health obliged him to forego a collegiate course. He- studied the- ology at Andover. and was ordained to the ministry at Montreal in 1860. He was in the sen ice of the Canada Foreign Miss- ionary Society, principally at Caribou Island, Labrador, from 1858 to L867. In 1866 he wasappointed financial superintendent of Robert College, at Lookout Moun- tain, Tenn., where he remained until 1872. In 1875 In- became pastor of a church at South Peabody, Mass., resigning, in 1880, to accept a call to a less arduous charge at Mont Vernon. The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on Mr. Carpenter by Hamilton College, New York. The membership of the church is about one hun- dred and sixty-five. More than one-third of these are non-residents. The average attendance at Sabbath- services through the year 1884 was one hundred and fifty-one, and the average attendance al Sabbath school was ninety. The entire average amount raised ami expended for support of church and purposes of Christian benevolence for the last five years has ex- ceeded one thousand dollars annually. July 3, 1884, the new creed recommended by the National Council of Congregational Churches was adopted by this church. From the formation of this church up to the min- istry of Dr. Keeler the uniform practice was to have two sermons at the church on the Sabbath. About 1870 the new usage was introduced, of only one preaching service, and that at half-past ten A.M., thus very materially lessening the labor of the clergyman. The salary of the minister at the settlement of Mr. Jeiiiiison, iii 1836, was fixed at five hundred dollars per annum. In 1850 it was advanced to six hun- dred dollars, and in 1856 to seven hundred dollars, which is the amount now paid, with free use of par- sonage. Vestry. — At the remodeling of the church, in 1837, a mom was finished on the lower or ground- floor of the meeting-house for use as a vestry. In 1855, when furnaces were introduced to the chureh, this r n was needed, and the second story of the scl 1 building, a few rod- north of the church, which was used as an academy from 1850 to 1853, was ac- quired by the society, and appropriated as a vestry. Deacons. — Appended are the names of those who have served in the office of deacon from the forma- tion of the church, in the order of their appoint- ment,— Oliver (ailton, Nathaniel Heyw 1, Richard Ward, Daniel Smith, Jacob Kendall, John Carlton, MONT VERNON. T::7 .John I'.ruce, .losiah Kittredge, William Conant, Joseph A. Starrett, George E. Dean, William II Conanl There have gone out from this church ten preai hei - of the gospel, not all uativea of the town, but mem- bers of this church, and entering the ministry from it. They are as follows : — 1. Joshua Hey wood, son of Deacon Nathaniel Hev- wood, who was prominent in the organization of the Northwest Parish and for some years a leading citizen. Joshua graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795, studied divinity, was ordained and installed at Dun- stable, Mass., June 5, 1799, Rev. John Bruce preach- ing the ordaining sermon. He continued pastor there until lie died, November 11,1814, aged fifty-one years. He was a large man, of dark complexion, and verj much in the esteem of all who knew him. 2. Daniel Weston, son of Daniel and Mary Harts- horn Weston, born .Inly is, L764; graduated at Har- vard 17!>7; studied divinity; became minister at Gray, Me., where he died May 28, 1837. 3. Solomon Kittredge, son of Josiah Kittredge, graduated at Dartmouth; studied theology, and set- tled in the ministry in Indiana, where he died. 4. Charles B. Kittredge, brother to Solomon named above, graduated at Dartmouth; studied divinity at Andover; settled in the ministry, hist at Groton, Mass., and at West borough, Mass., where he died Novem- ber 25, L884, aged seventy-eight. 5. Darwin Adams, born 1801, son of Dr. Daniel Adams, graduated at Dartmouth in 1sl!4 and al An- dover; settled at Alstead, N. II., and at Stow, Mass.; now living at < iroton, Mass. 6. James Woodbury Perkins, son of Captain Jo- seph Perkins, settled in Warner, N. H., and at Al- stead, V E.; died in Wisconsin. 7. Henry Adams Kendall, son of Asa Kendall, graduated at Dartmouth; settled in Dublin, N. II., 184(1; dismissed in l.soO ; installed at East Concord, N. 11., June 26, 1851 ; yet resides there, bin wit! pastoral charge. 8. James C. Bryant graduated at Amherst College and at Andover Seminary, 1840; settled at Littleton, Mass., resigned to become a missionary to the Zulus in South Africa, where he died. 9. William O.Baldwin, son of Samuel Baldwin, born August l'o, isiM ; graduated at Amherst College; is settled in the State of New York. Hi. George W. Stinson, son of William and Lois Stinson, did not pursue a collegiate course ; settled in the ministry in Illinois and died there Rev. William Shedd, a Congregational clergyman of distinction; was a native of Mont Vernon, but left lure in boyhood. Charles Peabody, a Baptist, James Gilman Smith) a Methodist, and William (J. Cambridge, an Univer" salist clergyman, were all natives of the town. There has been but a single church formed in Mont Vernon. There were several Baptist families in former vears in the South School District, who were connected with the church in Milford, and there are Methodists ami Baptists iii the southerlj and easterly sections ol the town who attend and aid in support- ing their respective churches in Milford and Am- herst. Educational.— Mont Vernon, prior to the close of 1803, was an integral part of Amherst. Whatever of schooling tnosl of its adull inhabitants had received they had obtained from the school privileges provided by tin' mother-town, and used by them as a part of its its population. By the records we find that in 1762 it was voted " To keepascl I in five divisions, the sell ctmen to divide ;" but as no appropriation was de, tin- was only a prophecy of what they would do years later. The first appropriation was made in 1771, when the town voted twenty pound-, lawful money, for school- ing, and that "the school be kept some part of the lime in several parts of the town." Also voted that the people of the town " keep as many schools as they sec lit, and each famih lliat does keep a school shall be entitled to draw their proportion of tin- money above granted." The next year twenty-six pounds and two-thirds of a pound were voted. But little attention was paid to other than private instruction through the years of the Revolutionary War. In 177* it was " Voted to keep a grammar school," and in that and the year following the names of two teacher- appear as thus employed. March 8, 1779, the town was di- vided into "squadrons" for schools, each to draw its proportion ol' the money appropriated. They made an appropriation this year, and gradually increased it eaidi subsequent year. In 1781 it was voted thai "tin- scl I- be kepi by each neighborhood classing together." In 17*7 a grammar school in the ( 'eiitre District was provided for, conditioned "that the district shall make up to the master in a private way what their proportion of ! he -el I in \ falls short of an a de. plate salary." This year, al same meeting a committee, of whom Rev. John Bruce was one, was appointed "to examine the ability of schoolmasters and mistresses." and none should be employed in any district but those recommended by them. From 17*7 to 17!'" the an- nual appropriation for schools was one hundred and fifty pounds. In 1789 the town voted to " excuse such as had united fol the support of an academy from the payment of any school tax, so long as they should sustain the proposed academy." The use of the tow n- house for school purposes was also granted them. February 10, L791, an act of incorporation was grained forth.' Aiirean Academy at Amherst. Twen- ty-six of the thirty-one grantees were of Ainhersl and live from other towns. Nathan Cleaves was the ..iilv grantee in the Second Parish. This school s....n after went into operation. It had an existence often years, and ten preceptors, among whom were J. Hey- WOod and Daniel Weston, from the Northwest Parish. In 180] this academy was finally closed for lack of funds. HISTORY OF HILLSBOKOruH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. At that time a law was in effect requiring that "in shirt- and half-shire towns a portion of tin school money should be applied lor the support of a Latin Grammar school," or a school in which that language might he taught, if desired. This will explain the following votes: April 13, 1801, '•' Voted that tin grammar school he kept eight months in the First Parish and four month- in the Second Parish this year." March 2, 1803, seven hundred dollars was appro- priated tor schools, three hundred dollars of whirl, n;i- i" bi used for the support of grammar schools, the Centre District of the First Parish to have two hundred dollars, and that of theSecond Parish to have one hundred dollars; and it was provided that even person in town have liberty to send to the gramma! school. These votes will explain the fad that foj several years immediately preceding the incorporation of Mont Vernon a school of high character had been kept in the Centre District, — a select school, open to any in the parish. David Dodge and Ephraim P. Bradford were two of its teachers. At the first annual meeting of the new town, March 13, 1804, it was voted to raise two hundred dollars for schooling and to choose a committee of twelve persons to class the town for the convenience ol schooling. March 27th this committee presented their report, dividing the town into live school dis tricts (classes) and defining their respective limits. May 7, 1804, accepted report of committee and voted to raise money to build new school-houses in three of the districts; voted to raise one thousand dollars for this purpose. March 12. 1805, appropriated three hundred dollars for schooling during the current year. This sum was raised each successive year from that until 1822, when it was increased to three hundred and fifty dollars. In 1830, there having been a small source of revenue (about thirty dollars) derived from the literary fund applied to schools, the town voted but three hundred dollars, which was the amount ol appropriation until, in the year 1851, it was increased to four hundred dollars, in 1853 advanced to four hundred anil fifty dollars, and in 18">4 fixed :ii five hundred dollars, which, being augmented by the lit- erary fund, amounted to live hundred and sixty dol- lars, the average amount devoted to schools between 1854 and 1870. In the latter year two hundred dollars additional school money was voted, and il has been continued annually, making lor the last fifteen years an average of seven bundled and sixty dollars expended U] the district schools annually. Additional to this, since 1871 the town has given McCollom Institute four thousand two hundred dollars. With the de- cline of population has come a diminution of the number of pupils in our district schools. In 1859 the whole number was one hundred and forty-nine, and in 1860 one hundred and sixty-seven; for the years 1884 and 1885 it is less than one hundred ol total attendance. The School money has increased in the ratio that the number of those receiving its benefits have been diminished. From 1803 to 1818 there is no record of any special superintendence of schools bj an examining commit- tee. For ten years, inclusive, from 1818, a superin- tending committee, consisting of three persons, was chosen by the voters at the annual town-meeting. Below are the names of these, with the number of years they served: Dr. Daniel Adams, ten years; Jonathan S. Adams, nine years; John Prentiss, one year; Ar- tenias Wood, lour years; Rev. K. Cheevcr. three years; A. F. Sawyer, three years. From 1827 to 1840-41 there is no trace of a superintending com- mittee. The Board of Selectmen made the appoint- ment from 1841 to ]S77, since which the voters have done it at the March meeting lor the choice of the town officers. The persons who held the office from 1841 to 1853 were Dr. Daniel Adams, Rev. Bezaleel .Smith, Samuel Campbell, Dr. Samuel G. Deal bora and Rev. < . D. Herbert. Since 1852 the committee has consisted of one person onlj : 1853-56, Rev. Charles D. Herbert; 1857-59, Rev. Augustus Berry; 1860-64, Charles .1. Smith; 1865-66, Charles A. Towle; 1807, Joshua V.Smith; 1868-72, Charles .1. Smith; 1873-77, George W. I odd ; L878, J. W. Car- son; 1879, Charles J.Smith; 1880, William H.Ray; 1881-85, Charles J. Si, nth. The conspicuous feature in the educational record of Mont Vernon since 1850 must be its academy, now known as McCollom Institute. For nearly every autumn from 1835 to 1850 there had been kept a select school, usually by a fresh graduate from one of the New England collegi s. Enterprising citizens of the town had long cherished the hope that a higher institution of learning would one day crown that noble eminence on which their village reposed. The beauty of its scenery, the grand outlook, stretching away to the distant horizon, the pure, health-giving air ami many other elements marked it as a most desirable locality for public education. In June, 1850, an act of incorporation was obtained, and they named the projected scl 1 Appleton Academy. A verv opulent citizen of Bo-ton hearing the name had often visited the place, having a mother and three sisters long resi I here, and they hoped to win an endowment by this recognition. They did not consult him as to the name, and he did little for their institution. Its first board of trustee- wee eight citizens of the village-, with Dr. Samuel G. Dearborn as secretary. Its first term was taught in the fall of 1850, in the hall over the district school. in which its sessions were held until the completion of its new building, in 1853. Lucius B. Clotigh was its fust principal, assisted 1>> John Odronaux. The first is a most respectable lawyer in Manchester, and the last has long enjoyed MONT VERNON. 739 wide celebrity for his ability as a public teacher of law and medicine in the city of New York. Alter this there was no school until the fall of 1851, when George Stevens, who had some two years before graduated at Dartmouth, commenced what proved to be the placing of the solid foundation of an institu- tion which, until then, was only an idea. He trans- lated that idea into a fact. He had entered college from Mont Vernon, to which place his parents had removed in 1844; had taught district and private schools in the place. He was among his kindred and friends, and most fully in sympathy with those who had undertaken the establishment of an academy here. He left Pittsfield (N. H.) Academy to assume the charge of this, and brought with him a dozen students from that vicinity who had learned his value as an instructor. He had for his assistants two ac- complished ladies, and the second year Kev. John Colby, a graduate of Dartmouth and a fine scholar, was his associate teacher. It was mainly through Mr. Stevens' influence that the tine academy building was erected in 1853. He drew the plan and per- suaded the trustees and citizens that all difficulties would vanish before well-directed and persistent en- deavor. The funds were but partially secured at its commencement, but when completed, it was but one year before it was free from debt. His enthusiastic devotion to his work brought success. During the fall term of 1853 one hundred and twenty-five pupils attended. After two and one-half years' service, Mr. Stevens, in the winter of 1853-54, communicated to the trus- tees his fully-matured decision to complete his law studies and enter the legal profession. Removing to Lowell, Mass., he, in a short time, commenced prac- tice in that city, which he pursued successfully well- nigh thirty years. His death occurred June 6, 1884, aged fifty nine years. As in the lives of individuals, so in the life of in- stitutions, sharp vicissitudes occur. The disappoint- ment and vexation of those who had hoped that Mr. Stevens would continue here for many years was not slight. The school was suspended for one term. Rev. Fenner E. King, the third preceptor of this academy, a graduate of Wesleyan University, Middle- town, Conn., came in the fall of 1854 and remained one year with two lady assistants. The fourth principal was Kev. Augustus Berry, a graduate of Amherst College, and for many years the esteemed pastor of the church in Pelham, N. II. He, with two lady assistants, had charge of the school five years, from 1855 to 1860. His administra- tion here was a successful one, and marked by the ability of many of his students who have since at- tained eminent success in varied callings. The fifth principal was Rev. C. F. P. Bancroft, who came here immediately after graduating at Dart- month, and remained from August, 1860, four years. He was young, genial and enthusiastic, with conceded ability and soundness in judgment. It was not a favorable period for large schools. Thecolossal Civil War, then raging, engrossed the public thought, and educational interests were in the background. The institution suffered no loss of prestige through his connection with it. When he commenced his work here the fund belonging to the institution was seven hundred dollars. Dr. Bancroft occupies a high rank as an educator, having for the last twelve years been at the head of the famous Phillips Academy, Andover. He is identified with this town by marriage ties, and has ever manifested a cordial interest in its prosperity. The sixth principal was Rev. Charles A. Towle, a graduate of Dartmouth, whose connection with it continued two years from August, 1m'.7. The school was fairly prosperous with him and two lady assist- ants at its head. He resigned to study for the ministry, and is now settled in Illinois. His suc- cessor was Dr. Joshua V. Smith, who remained two years, unfortunately to witness a decrease in num- bers. He was a graduate of Bowdoin and now a physician in .Massachusetts. There was a suspension of one year, until August, 1.SII9, when Professor Lucien Hunt, a veteran teacher, came from Falmouth, Mass., to become its eighth principal, the number of pupils during his stay of one year ranging from twenty-five to forty. Mr. D. A. Anderson, a graduate of Dartmouth and now a teacher in New Jersey, was the ninth princi- pal, remaining two years, from 1870 to 1872. The school was not altogether unprosperous during his connection with it. Early in the year 1871, George W. McCollom, then of New York City, offered to the trustees, as a per- manent endowment, the sum of ten thousand dollars, provided they would cause the name to he changed from Appleton Academy to that of McCollom Insti- tute, and provided further that the town of Mont Vernon should, for five successive years, raise and pay to the institution the sum of three hundred dollars, being an aggregate amount of fifteen hun- dred dollars. The conditions were complied with, and now for fourteen years the school has enjoyed the income from this valuable endowment. Mr. McCollom was a native of New Boston, but came with his parents to Mont Vernon to reside in earlj life. He married the eldest daughter of Asa and Mary A. A. Stevens, of this town. She died in New York in 1865, and her husband's donation was in- tended as a grateful memorial of her. A marble tablet placed by him in the hall of the institute hears this inscription: Mr. McCollom died in New York September 4, 1878. In 1872, Hon. George W. Todd, of Rindge. N. II., became the tenth principal, a man of untiring zeal, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. great executive ability and large experience. He at once associated with him as classical teacher Rev. Charles P. Mills, an accomplished scholar, a graduate of Amherst, and now in the ministry at Newbury- port, Mass. Mr. Todd held the office of principal six years, re- tiring in 1S78. His later assistants were Messrs. F. A. Eldridge and G. W. Putnam, graduates, respect- ively, at Harvard and Dartmouth. Mr. Todd re- moved from town in 1879, and died suddenly at Norridgewock, Me., April 15, 1884, when he was in charge of the High School in that town. William H. Ray, a graduate of Dartmouth, suc- ceeded Mr. Todd, as the eleventh principal of this institution. He remained here three years, vacating his position hereto accept a more lucrative one in Y r onkers, N. Y. Professor Lucien Hunt, the eighth principal, succeeded Mr. Ray in 1881, and contin- ued at the head of the institute two years, when he resigned. Mr, Arthur V. Goss, a graduate of Dart- mouth, was his assistant here. Hiram Q. Ward, from St, Johnsbury, Yt., a gradu- ate of Dartmouth, was principal from 1883 to 1884. His success not being marked, he was nut re-engaged. In August, 1884, Mr. Cassius S. Campbell, of Dart- mouth College (1858), was engaged fur live years, and his diligent and energetic supervision promises a bright future for the school. The endowment of the school is respectable, but more would be acceptable. There is a library of some twelve hundred volumes, extensive and val- uable apparatus for the illustration of physical science and an invested cash fund of thirteen thou- sand dollars. For fourteen years past the town of .Mont Ver- non has raised each year three hundred dollars, and given it to the institute for the tuition of its resident youth, if their attendance is in such num- bers as to absorb it; otherwise any balance goes into the general fund of the school. Thus it is used by the town as a High School. The entire number of students who have been enrolled as members of this academy during the thirty-five years it has existed is about fifteen hundred. Its foundations were laid in an earnest desire to elevate the standard of intel- lectual and moral culture in tin- community around it. Its Christian character has ever been upheld and pronounced, and it has been an ally to the church near which it stands. Every three years its alumni gather for a triennial reunion, — occasions which bring together hundreds whose presence testify their at- tachment and gratitude for the strength and help it has given them for the conflicts of life. Beside the endowment fund of Mr. McCollom, other friends have remembered the school. Among the larger donations Hon. Samuel Appleton, of Boston, gave about one thousand volumes of books for a library ; Hon. William Appleton, five hundred dollars; Messrs. William H. and A. Conant, fifteen hundred dollars ; and Hon. George Stevens, of Lowell, five hundred dollars. Poor Farm. — From the incorporation of the town until 1837 it was the practice to sell to the lowest bidder the board for the current year of such poor persons as were wholly unable to maintain themselves at the annual meeting. Such as required only partial support from the town were to be provided for by the selectmen according to their discretion. In the year 1837 a farm was bought in Lynde- borough, about three miles from Mont Vernon village, by the town, and occupied by itspooruntil 184fj, when it was sold and another bought, a half-mile southeast from Mont Vernon village, and occupied as a pau- per farm until 1870, when the farm and contents were sold in compliance with the vote of the town. Post-Office. — Mont Vernon was not made a post town until 1823. Letters for its inhabitants were distributed from Amherst. Appended are the names ofthe several postmasters, with the year of their appointment: Porter Kimball, 1823; Daniel W. Baker, 1829; Jesse K. Smith, 1832 ; Daniel R. Baker, 1835 ; Franklin O. Kittredge, 1842; Thomas H. Richardson, 1849 ; Dan- iel R. Baker, 1853; Nathaniel Bruce, 1861 ; Alonzo S. Bruce, 1873; John M. Fox, 1885. Military. — The people of Mont Vernon believing that the War of 1812 was just and necessary, ar- dently favored its prosecution, ami quite a number en- listed for permanent service. Captain James T. Trevitt, commanding a company in Colonel Steel's regiment, was for sixty days at Portsmouth, expecting an attaek from a British fleet cruising near by. This company was made up of men drafted for special service. Dr. John Trevitt was a surgeon who con- tinued permanently in the service after the conclusion of peace, and died in 1821 at Augusta, Ga., at his post of duty. Dr. Rogers Smith was an assistant surgeon on the frontier. In the days of "militia musters" Mont Vernon was always well represented. For thirty years a first-class company of infantry was sustained here under the old militia law. In the late Civil War this town was represented by nearly forty citizen soldiers. None of those who enlisted from this town were lost in battle, but seven died of disease contracted in the service. Subjoined is this list: James C. Towne, Henry N. McQucstion, William H. Upton, Charles Robinson, Nathan Kendall, George W. Brown and John Alexander. Wm. II. Ireland lost his life by drowning. George N. Bruce went to the war a lieutenant and returned a lieutenant-colonel. C. F. Stinson went out a private and came home a captain. George A. Marden was quartermaster of Berdan's regiment of sharpshooters. There has been since its incorporation but one territorial change in Mont Vernon. Through the per- MONT VERNON. 741 sistent efforts of a few individuals, and against the remonstrance of the large majority of its citizens, a tract exceeding one thousand acres of land was an- nexed from Lyndeborough to Mont Vernon at the winter session of the Legislature of 1852. There were fourteen families added to the population of Mont Vernon by this change. Mont Vernon is unquestionably a place favorable to health. Epidemics are of rare occurrence. The most notable instance of the prevalence of any malig- nant epidemic was in January and February, 1812, when the terrible disease known as spotted fever visited certain sections of this county. It attacked several familes here and proved fatal to some ten or twelve persons, nearly all adults. The salubrity of the breezes which fan these hills is attested by the tact that over two hundred persons, who either were resident in the town in 1820 or who have lived here for the term of twenty-five years since, have reached the age of eighty years. Physicians. — The entire number of physicians who have been in practice here is twelve, viz. : Henry Codman, Zephaniah Kittredge, 1 Rogers Smith, John Ramsey, David Adams, Jesse K. Smith, Daniel F.Hale, Samuel G. Dearborn, Alfred A. Gerrish, Maurice E.Jones, Sylvanus Bunton, Frederic Chand- ler. Four of the above were natives of the town, viz. Drs. Kittridge, Codman and the two Smiths. Physicians who were natives of the town other than the foregoing, ami places of residence, — Drs. Stephen Carlton, Acworth, N. H. ; John Peabody, Salem, Mass. ; Stephen Peabody, Orange, Vt. ; Nathan W. Oaves, Ann X II : Na- than Cleaves, murdered in Mexico; Ingalla Kittridgi I ■ i SI Josiah Kittridge, Pembroke and Nashua, N. H.; Charles M Kittridge, Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. ; Luther Smith, Hillsborough Bridge, N. H. ; Norman Smith, Croton, Mo. ; Ira Weston, Bradford and Wind- ham, N. II. i William Trevitt, Columbus, 0. ; John Trevitt, I mod States Army ; Daniel L. Adams, Bidgefield.Conn. ; Henry Trevitt, Wil- ton, N. H. ; Irving W. Boardman. Lawyers.— Two lawyers were located here many years since,— Aaron G. Sawyer and Andrew Wallace. Representatives.— The followingis a list of repre- sentatives sent to the Legislature from Mont Ver- William Bradford, three years, 1804-06 ; voted not 1" s John Batchelder, three years, 1808-10. Benjamin Ion. mi, ttvi yeai 1811-15. Andrew Wallace, one year, 1816. Kzekiel t'pton, five years, 1X17-21. John Brace, five years, 1822-26. Aaron F. Sawyer, t! Nalham.l Brio--' iVin y.ii . Daniel W. Baker, two years, ls::4-35. Porter Kimball, one year, 1836. G -■ Raym I, thn i yi ire, 1837-39. Nathaniel Bruce, two years 1840-41. George Raymond, one yeai I i Zephaniah Kith ;■: .„„■ v.-ar, 1st:;. \\ illiimi I'Miianl , ■-. year, !sld. Leander Smith, thn e years, 184.")-47. John Averill, on.- year, 1848, Joseph \ -in rett, oo | William Brui a one year, 1850 Leander Smith, two years, lXM-f.2 Alonzo Travis, three yeai Charles It. Beard, two years, 1856-57. Ira Ki ii. I. ill. i«. years, 1858-59. Charles J. Smith, two years, 1860-61. Ira Roby, on,- year, 18G2. William ii. Bruce, two years, 1863 64 Henry C. Dodge, one year, 1865. George A. Brio'.., ■ year, 1866. Charles F. Kittredge, one year, 1S07. Andrew W. Raymond, i .1 ii \. i: i, twoyears, 1870-71. James I pton, two years, ls7-.'-7:i. John Trevitt, two years, 1874-75. Daniel 1'. Kendall, two years, Isto-77. ciarl, Campbell, two yeai Elbridge F. Trow, two years, 1880-82 ; 1884, voted not to send. Under the law, as it stood before 1S77, with the Senate consisting of twelve members, two citizens of Mont Vernon held the office, viz. : 1839 and 1S40, Dr. Daniel Adams; 1863 and 1864, Charles J. Smith. Population of Mont Vernon.— 1810, 762; 1820, 729; 1830,763; 1840,720; 1850,722; 1860,725; 1870, 601 ; 1880, 516. Noted Citizens. — Among the more conspicuous citizens of Mont Vernon, Dr. Daniel Adams is entitled to remembrance. Daniel Adams was born in Town- send, Mass., Sept. 9, 1771!; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1707 anil at its medical school in 1799; married, August 17, 1800, Nancy Mulliken, of Boston. After residing several years at Leominster he removed to Huston. For a period was engaged in publishing an agricultural journal in Huston; came to reside in Mont Vernon in 1813, and was employed in preparing hisvarious publications and in his profession here until his removal to Keene, in 1846. His "Scholar's Arithmetic," Adams' "New" and "Revised," all were in very extensive use lot many years. He wrote and published several pamphlets. Dr. Adams was very highly esteemed in Mont Vernon, and during his thirty-three years' residence here he wielded a con- trolling influence in behalf of temperance, education and morality. In 1830 and 1840 he was a member oi the New Hampshire Senate from the district where he resided. He died June 8, 1 86 I. A man whose noble character and brilliant, eventful public life should give him a record as one honoriug the place of his birth was the late Dr. William Trevitt ofColumbus, Ohio. A sketch of his immediate ancestry, as it relates to a family prominent in the town, is of interest. Richard Trevitt came from Englandand waskilled bythe Indians at Fort William Henry, lie left a little son, Henry Trevitt, born at Marblehead, in ]7-">."., who, at ten years of age, came to Mont Vernon with his step-father, Amos Steel, ami . '-'id in active service in the War oi' tic Revolution and fough! under Stark at Bennington. He moved to Ohio ami died in Licking County August, 1850, aged ninety-six. His children were nun .-—seven sons ami two daughters. 742 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. One son only remained in New England, — his eldest, Captain J. Thompson Trevitt, who led a company at Portsmouth in 1814. All the others, except Dr. John, the third son, who died in 1821, at Augusta. ( la., either preceded or followed their lather Wist. Captain James Trevitt died in 1858, leaving two sons, the youngest of whom is Dr. Henry Trevitt, of Wilton, N. H., and the eldest, Captain John Trevitt, graduated from West Point, 1844; served several years in .Mexico and on the Western frontier; returned to the old home- stead in Mont Vernon after his father's death, where he still resides, devoting himself to farming and civil engineering. Dr. William, the youngest of the seven sons, of Henry Trevitt, was horn at Mont Vernon, February 7, 1809. He pursued his preparatory studies at Francestown and Amherst, and his pro- fessional with Dr. Daniel Adams. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1830, and subsequently at- tended medical lectures at the Pennsylvania Univer- sity. In 1830 he began the practice of his profession in Fairfield County, Ohio, removing two years later to Perry County, where he continued in his chosen profession until 1840. During his residence here he represented the county in the General Assembly of Ohio for three successive terms, being but twenty- five years of age when first returned. In the spring of 1840 he removed to Columbus, having been ap- pointed Secretary of State, to fill the vacancy occa- sioned by the death of C. P. Harlan. At the expira- tion of his term he was appointed physician to the Ohio Penitentiary, and served in that capacity until 1846. At the outbreak of the Mexican War Presi- dent Polk appointed him surgeon of the army, and he held that position until the last gun of the conflict was spiked. During the last part of the war he ex- changed services in the field for headquarters, and was attached to the staffs of Generals Taylor and Wool. In 1849 he resumed medical practice at Co- lumbus. In 1X51, on the adoption of the new State Constitution, he was elected to tin- office of Secre- tary of State, and was re-elected in 1853. In 1857, President Buchanan appointed him consul at Valpa- raiso, Chili, the most important mercantile post on the South American Pacific coast, and, subsequently, advanced to the consulship at Callao, Peru, and while there was acting American minister. In 1861, at his own request, he was relieved, and returned again to Columbus. Subsequently, upon the death of ex-Governor Medary, he assumed the management of the Crisis that then had the largest circulation in Ohio. Afterwards, in 1867, he established another paper. Finally, February 8, 1881, he closed, at lin- age of seventy-two years, an active, eventful and very useful life. Dr. Trevitt was, politically, an unswerving Democrat, though widely esteemed by- all parties. He was survived by a wife and three The late Oliver Carlton, Esq., of Salem, Mass., was another son of Mont Vernon whose life and character shed lustre upon the place of their early training. He was a grandson of Deacon Oliver and the fifth son of Deacon John Carlton, and was born July 20, 1801, in the ancestral house, and on the same farm which has been owned and wrought by five genera- tions of the name. In 1818 he entered Phillips Academy, Andover, and, in 1820, Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1824 with the second honors of his class. Adopting the profession of teacher, he was, in 1825 and 1826, a tutor at Hanover; afterwards a teacher at Haverhill, Mass., from 1827 to 1830; at Marblehead, from L830 to 1832; and in 1832 was placed in charge of the Latin Grammar School at Salem, where he remained until 1856, — a period of twenty-four years. Teaching from 1856 to 1860 at Portsmouth, N. H., he returned to Salem, and from 1860 to 1867 conducted a private school. For forty-three years a teacher, he retired to private life, and died June 21, 1882. He was a man of pure and upright character, and, as a scholar and tutor, was equaled by few and excelled by none. Hon. Aaron Worcester Sawyer died in Nashua, August 23, 1881, aged sixty-three. He was the youngest son of Aaron F. Sawyer, who practiced law in Mont Vernon nearly twenty-five years. Aaron W. was horn here in 1818; attended school at Hancock and elsewhere; studied law with his father. He at- tained a high reputation as a lawyer and jurist. He was frequently honored by his fellow-citizens with a seat in the Legislature ; was one year (1800) mayor of Nashua, and for some years a judge of the Su- preme Judicial Court. George Wilkins Kendall, eldest son of Captain Thaddeus Kendall, a merchant of Mont Vernon, was horn at Mont Vernon August 22, 1809, and died in Texas October 22, 1807. "He was a poet, journalist, author and farmer," and eminent in all. Hon. George Augustus Maiden is the son of Ben- jamin F, and Betsey (Buss) Marden, and was born at Mont Vernon August 9, 1839; prepared for college at the academy in his native town ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1861. In the following au- tumn he joined the army, serving three years as quartermaster of First Regiment of Berdan's Sharp- shooters. Returning to New Hampshire in the au- tumn of 1804, he engaged in the study of law in the ollice of Minot iy. Mugridge, in Concord, until the following summer, when he became owner and editor of the K't mi trim kejtitliliran. at Charleston, West Virginia. Disposing of this interest in April, 1866, he was employed for the remainder of that year al Concord in editing and preparing for the press the "History of the War Regiments of New Hampshire,'' published by Adjutant-General Natt Head. In Jan- uary, 1807, be went to Boston as assistant editor of the Daily Advertiser. The property of the Lowell MONT VERNON. 743 Courier being for sale, he, in conjunction with Ed- ward T. Rowell, a college classmate, bought it, and has continued to edit it for eighteen years. In 1873 he represented Lowell in the Massachusetts Legisla- ture, and in 1874 was elected clerk of the House of Representatives, a position which he hold for nine years, from January, 1874. Being returned to the House the previous autumn, he was, in January, 1883, elected its Speaker, and was re-elected in 1884. In 1885 was a Senator from the Seventh Middlesex Dis- trict. In 1880 Mr. Marden was a delegate to the National Convention which placed General Garfield in nomination for the Presidency. Always a stanch republican, Mr. Marden holds a prominent place in political circles, and has a wide reputation as an able journalist. Hon. George Anson Bruce, son of Nathaniel and Lucy (Butterfield) Bruce was born in September, 1839, at Mont Vernon; fitted for college at Mont Vernon; graduated at Dartmouth in 1861; studied law one year with Hon. D. S. Richardson, at Lowell. In August, 1S62, he enlisted in the Thirteenth New Hampshire Regiment, and went to the front as first lieutenant of Company B. He served with distin- guished bravery until the close of the war, holding at its close the position of brevet lieutenant-colonel. In 1865 he resumed his legal studies at Lowell. In 1866 he represented Mont Vernon in the Legislature of New Hampshire. In 1866 he was admitted to the bar, and opened an office in Boston, where he still pur- sues his profession with an assured reputation as an able counselor and advocate. Establishing his resi- dence in the city of Somerville, he was, in 1877, elec- ted its mayor, holding the office three consecutive years. In 1883 and again in 1884 he was in the State Senate from his district, and the latter year was its presiding officer. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. WILLIAM STEVENS, Esu. William Stevens is of the seventh generation from Colonel Thomas Stevens, of London, who was orig- inally from Devonshire, England. He was a member of the company chartered in London for the settle- ment of Massachusetts Bay, which, in 1628, sent out John Endicott and one hundred others to plant a colony at Salem. He contributed fifty pounds ster- ling to the stock of the company, and was one of the signers of instructions to Endicott before his coming. His business was that of an armorer, and he fur- nished a supply of arms for the colony. He did not emigrate to this country, but "sent three sons and his daughter, Mary, as his adventure to our cause." The youngest of these sons, Cyprian Stevens came from London about 1660, being then a lad of fourteen, He settled at Lancaster, Mass., marrying, January 22, 1672, Mary, daughter of Major Sim.. .n Willard, of that town. He was the father of five children, of whom the youngest was Joseph, born about 1682. He married Prudence, daughter of John Rice, of Sud- bury, Mass.; lived in Sudbury, Framingham and Lancaster; removed, in 1720, to Rutland, Mass., and died there in 1745. He was one of the first settlers of Rutland, and a leading man in its early history, holding its various town offices. He was captain of the militia and a deacon in its church. He was the father of fi.ve sons and the same number of daughters. On the morning of August 14, 1723, he went from his house to the meeting-house meadows in Rutland to make hay. Four sons followed him, Phineas, the eldest, being sixteen, and Isaac, the youngest, but four years of age. They were surprised by a company of Indians. The father fled to the bushes. Phineas was taken prisoner, and the two next youngest, Samuel and Joseph, were slain. They were preparing to kill the child of four years, Isaac, when the elder brother, by signs, made them understand, if they would spare him, he would carry him on his back, and he carried him to Canada. They were held in captivity upwards of a year, and were only redeemed at great expense and trouble, the father for this pur- pose making two wearisome journeys to Canada. The elder of these boys became the famous Captain Phineas Stevens, of Charlestown, N. 1L, an able and brave man, who rendered most important service in protecting the frontier from French and Indian in- cursions. He was born at Sudbury, Mass, in 1707, and died in the service of bis country in 1756. He was the father of seven children. His younger brother, Isaac, was born in 1719; married, first, in 1743, Mercy Hubbard, of Rutland. Mass. She dying in 1746, he married, in 174*, Abigail Barling. By the first wife he had a son and a daughter, ami by the last three sons and a daughter. He removed in early manhood from Rutland to Carlisle, Mass., and died there. His youngest son. Calvin Stevens, was born at Rutland, January 27, 1753; removed in infancy to Carlisle. In 1773 he married Esther Wilkins, and in 177b removed from Carlisle to Hillsborough, N. H. Here he had his home forty-five years, and removed thence, in 1821, to .Mont Vernon, where four of his children had settled, ami .lied there in 1834. He was a soldier of the Revolution, having been in the battle of Bunker Hill. While at Hillsborough he was for many years a town officer and magistrate, and was known for uprightness, intelligence and rectitude in all the relations of life, lie was the father of thirteen children, ten of whom survived him. Nu- merous descendants honor his memory, of whom, of the fourth generation, is Hon. George A. Marden, late Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Repre- sentatives and now a member of its Senate. Asa, the seventh child and fifth son of Calvin 744 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Stevens, was born at Hillsborough, February 5, 1787; married, in 1811, Mary Ann, youngest daughter of Rev. Joseph Applet..,,, of Brookfield, Mass., and a sister of the late Hon. William Appleton, of Boston. Soon after bis marriage be settled in Mont Vernon, and died there in January, 1863. His wife survived him until November, 1867. They were the parents of seven children, of whom six survived them. The subject of this sketch (William Stevens), their third son, was born at Mont Vernon, July 28, 1816. He passed the first twenty years of bis life under the paternal roof, alternating farm labor with attendance upon the village school. His academical studies were limited to two terms at an institution in Han- cock, N. H., in 1836-37. His father was a thrifty man and possessed of considerable means, but be- lieved his sons more likely to succeed in life without (ban with parental aid, and the large estates accumu- lated by the three who grew to manhood proved the wisdom of his judgment. In 1838, when twenty-two years old, William travelled West, as far as Illinois. In 1839 he sought and obtained employment at the Stark Mills, in Manchester. N. H., then managed by his cousin, the late John A. Burnham, Esq., of Bos- ton. After a few weeks' service there be went to Boston, securing a position as a salesman in a cloth- ing-store under Faneuil Hall. He continued here until 1841, when his elder brother, Calvin, who was engaged in an extensive business in smoked pro- visions at 13 Front Street. New York City, invited him to a position in his establishment, where he re- mained some eighteen months, when he purchased a stock of ship stores at 116 Wall Street, and conducted business there until the autumn of 1844, when he sold out and located in Ludlow Street as a dealer in smoked provisions. In March, 1846, he removed bis business to 76 and 78 Worcester Street, associating with himself bis younger brother. Asa, making the firm of W. & A. Stevens, and here they conducted a large and prosperous trade until .lime, 1865, when William retired and returned to Mont Vernon. By unremitting devotion to business tor more than twenty years he had acquired an ample and well- earned competency, and to enjoy it wisely turned his feet to bis native bills. He purchased of his father's estate the homestead, enlarged and improved the buildings, added to his domain by the purchase or other lands, and now these twenty years has occupied this elegant home in a manner befitting a gentleman tanner of taste and means. Mr. Stevens is a fine type of that increasing class of New England boys who, obedient to the promptings of a self-reliant am- bition, have gone forth from the country to the great cities, and. by unflagging industry, enterprise and in- tegrity, have won fortunes, and before the forces of life are spent and decay overtakes them, lovingly cme back to their early home to beautify it by liberal expenditure, to dwell there and toconferupon the surrounding community the benefits which opu- lence enables the public-spirited and generous-hearted citizen to dispense around him. Mr. Stevens is a man of broad sympathies, always on the side of those who need help and strength, and the voice of cheer is always given where needed. Politically, he is an earnest but not bigoted Repub- lican. Repeat,, IK a candidate for the Legislature. his personal pupularity has always given him a full vote, and in the last State election his candidacy pre- vented the choice of a representative in a decidedly Democratic town for the first time in its history. I tonnected with no church, he is liberal in his religious views, confident of the wisdom and mercy of the All Father, believing that in any ease the dead are safe, and cannot go where " the Divine law will not protect them, nor where the Divine law will not en- circle them." He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Stevens has been twice married, first, to Louisa W. Dye, of Newark, N. J., who left him four daughters,— Mary Ann, now Mrs. Charles F. Wilkins, of Omaha, Neb. ; Ella L., unmarried ; Catherine, now Mrs. C. Henry Hobbie, also of Omaha; and Frances E., unmarried. January 4, 1876, he was again married to Mrs. Helen L. (Ober) Whipple, the widow of John Whipple, of New Boston, N. H., who died in a Confederate prison during the late Civil War. They have on,, daughter, Helen Willette Stevens, born September 3, 1880. APPENDIX MANCHESTER. Freemasonry in Manchester. 1 — The history of Craft Masonry in this city dates from August, 1845, when Lafayette Lodge, No. 41, was moved from Pis- cataquog village (then a part of Bedford) to this side of the river. A dispensation was granted to the lodge June 9, 1824, with Brother Robert Duulap as tin- first Master. It was chartered anil duly consecrated Sep- tember 1st following, and commenced work in a lodge- room provided by the late Brother General William P. Riddle, who was the stanch and liberal friend and supporter of the fraternity during his life. Bro. Dun- lap afterwards became the Grand Master of the State, and many others of the twenty-three brothers who assembled at the first meeting to consider the subject of the formation of a lodge became prominent in the order, and did noble work in its interest. They have all been gathered to the Grand Lodge above, and their memories are a valuable legacy to those who now sustain the important duties of their member- ship. Lafayette Lodge was named in honor of the French nobleman who rendered such great service to the cause of freedom in the struggle of this country for her inde- pendence. He was a Mason, and at the time of the formation of this lodge was making a triumphal tour through the United States. Lafayette Lodge remained in Bedford about twenty- one years, covering the most eventful period of its existence, years which put to the severest test the fidelity and fortitude of the craft in every part of the country. The history of Lafayette Lodge is a proud record of the brotherhood in this vicinity, ami is evi- dence of their devotion to the truth. Speaking of this subject, a distinguished brother says: " The consecration of the lodge was in ample form, and the exercises of the day were interspersed with appropriate music by the Bedford performers. It was a gala day for Piseataquog village, then the principal place in these parts, for Manchester of the present time was not dreamed of for years after these events occurred." For the four succeeding years the lodge was greatly prospered — the brethren " did walk together in love," and Masonry was very popular. About this time a new lodge was formed in Hooksett, another in Mer- rimack, down the river, and another in Derry. But in 1S28 the dark age of Masonry in this country com- menced. A fierce and relentless anti-Masonic war was waged. Their ceremonies were misrepresented, their principles maligned and good Masons them- selves bitterly denounced. It was carried into church and political parties. It found its way into families, causing bitterness and alienation. The shock that thus agitated the country was felt by Lafayette Lodge. For seventeen years no work was done — not a Mason made. Along the track of these years we find evidences of the pressure brought to bear against them — meetings became less frequent. In 1831 the by-laws were so amended as to require but four meetings a year. From 1833 to 1837 there was but one meeting a year; then for a time meetings were more frequent; meanwhile, the lodges in the vicinity went down, and, yielding to the pressure, lost their charters. These were signs of distress. But Lafayette Lodge held its meetings and preserved its charter. All honor to those noble craftsmen who, so long subjected to the assaults of persecution, maintained the right and kept the faith. When the lodge was moved to Manchester, it occu- pied rooms in the so-called Duncklee Block, on Elm Street, hut soon became prosperous and able to im- prove its place of meeting and furniture. In 1847, a new hall had been prepared, and in December it was duly dedicated, Brother Sylvanus Cobb, of Boston, delivering the oration. A few events in this lodge during the succeeding years are worthy of passing notice. In December, 1848, Okah Tubbee, a chief of the Choctaw nation of Indians, residing on the borders of Arkansas, took the three degrees of Masonry in this lodge, under authority of a dispensation for that purpose. In Sep- tember, 1852, the centennial of the making of George Washington a Mason was duly celebrated. In 1854, the anniversary of St. John was celebrated with im- posing ceremonies, under the auspices of Lafayette Lodge, assisted by many lodges from other parts ol the State. Soon the hall in Duncklee Block became incon- 745 746 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. venient, and larger rooms were necessary. In 1856 Masonic Temple on Handon Street was erected and the lodge transferred its place of meeting to that building, and occupied it the first time April 25th of that year. Later in the season the belief that another lodge should be formed began to be entertained. Ac- cordingly, a petition was presented to the Grand Lodge, signed by John S. Kidder, Isaac C. Flanders, E. W. Harrington, Samuel G. Langley, E. H. Davis, James S. Cheney, George W. Morrison, N. W. Cum- ner, George B. Chandler and many others, asking to be authorized to form a new lodge by the name of Washington Lodge. No. 61. January 1, 1857, the Grand Master granted letters of dispensation, and appointed John S. Kidder the first Master of the lodge. On the 10th day of January. 1857, Washington Lodge held its first meeting, and its officers were in- stalled by Deputy Grand Master ( Jeorge H. Hubbard. At the annual communication, in June following, the G^ind Lodge granted a charter, and on June 25th the ceremonies of consecration were performed, in ample form, and Washington Lodge, No. 61, took its place among the regular lodges of the Slate. From that day to the present tin- two lodges have worked side by side with that harmony and fraternal spirit which should distinguish all good Masons. As Lafayette Lodge took its name from that high- horn patriot and friend of freedom, who was the friend and companion of Washington in the camp and in the field, so it was fitting that the newly-formed lodge should take the name of the father of his country. In 1870 the great fire of our history destroyed, with many other buildings, Masonic Temple. Nearly all the furniture of all the Masonic societies was de- stroyed, and the fraternity suffered great disaster. Hut, Phoenix-like, there arose from the ashes of our former home a far more commodious and beautiful temple. Even while the smoke and flame yet clung to the ruins of the fust building the enterprising and energetic brothers who owned the property be- gan to plan for a new temple, and in due time the brethren hail the satisfaction of seeing ereetedthe second temple, better than the first; and "so the work shall not cease." It was formally dedicated December 26, 1870, by the Grand Lodge of the State, assisted by Lafayette and Washington Lodges, the late Brother John R. Holbrook, M. W. Grand Master, conducting the ceremonies. It was a very happy occasion. The craft had watched the building as it grew in com- pleteness and detail, and their interest in its dedica- tion was enhanced by the purposes to which it was to be devoted. The ceremonies were happy and successful in every particular. Resides the formal exercises usual on such occasions, a very interesting and instructive historical address — from which much of the matter herein has been taken — was delivered by Brother John R. New- ell, and an able and elaborate oration by Brother Joseph Kidder. More than a thousand people wit- nessed the exercises, and the fraternity entered upon a new era of success. From that time Craft Masonry in .Manchester has maintained a high degree of pros- perity. Its influence has been powerful, and its works of charity have been countless. The lodges have taken a front rank among the lodges of the State, and have done a great amount of good work. Lafayette Lodge now numbers two hundred and ninety-four and Washington two hundred and eighty- one members. There are also residing in the city ahout two hundred more members of the fraternity, part of whom belong to lodges in other places, and part of them are unaffiliated. The institution of Free-Masonry holds a prominent place in the history of Manchester, and has made its impression upon her people and customs. It has identified itself with many public buildings by performing the ceremonies of laying the corner-stone, or by dedication services. Its growth and prosperity has been commensurate with that of the city, ami its future is even more promising than its past lias been successful. Capitular Masonry was established in Manches- ter November 15, 1847. A preliminary meeting of nine Royal Arch Masons was held September 1st, at which Daniel Balch was selected for the first officer and appointed to present their petition to the Grand Chapter of the State for a dispensation and charter. This was granted under the name of .Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter, No. 11. and Daniel Balch was appointed HighPriest. This Chapterat once assumed a prominent position among the Chapters of the State. Its members were made officers of the Grand Chapter, and its influence upon the condition of the order was fully recognized. In 1850 its membership was 34; in 1860, 113 ; in 1870,186; in 1885, 280. In the fire of 1870 the Chapter suffered a financial loss in common with the other Masonic bodies, but it was well prepared to restore its furniture and bear its part of the burden of refitting and occupying the new- temple. In all respects, the history of Mount Horeb Chapter is full of honor and satisfaction. Its mem- bers comprisesome of the ablest and most respected men oftheState, — men who have been an honor to every position where they have been called to act, and whose names will lie carried upon the rolls of the fraternity with distinction, and whose examples will rest in tlie memory of their brethren while life lasts. Cryptic Masonry. — Adoniram Council of Royal and Select Masters No. 24, was established in Man- chester September 11, 1856, by a dispensation granted to Daniel Balch, Ira Bliss and Moses O. Pearson by the (irand Council of Connecticut to form and open a Council, etc., and on the 27th of the same month a charter was issued. APPENDIX. 747 The Council worked under the authority of Grand ouncil of Connecticut until the formation of a Grand ouncil in New Hampshire, June 11, 1862, when a ew charter was issued and Adoniram Council became "Jo. 3 in the Councils of this State. It has been ex- :eedingly prosperous in all respects. Its membership low numbers two hundred and thirty, the largest in ;he State. It suffered, in common with other Masonic aodies in the fire of 1870, a total loss of its property, but soon repaired its misfortune and provided an elaborate and elegant outfit for all the Cryptic work. If we may judge from its success and present condi- tion, this Council has the promise of long and remark- able prosperity. Trinity COMMANDERY, No. 1— Trinity Encamp- ment of Knights Templar, the first in the State, was established at Hanover under a charter from M. E. Sir Henry Fowle, Deputy General Grand Master of the General Grand Encampment of the United States, bearing date the 24th day of March, 1824. The peti- tioners for the charter were James Freeman Dana, James Poole, Timothy Kenrick, Amos Bugbee, Ammi B. Young, Alpheus Baker, George W. Culver, Henry Hutchinson and George E. Wales. The Encampment was consecrated May 8, 1824, by M. E. Sir Henry Fowle, with public ceremonies ac- cording to the following programme : 1. An ode was sung by the Handel Society, of Dartmouth College. 2. Prayer by the Rev. President Tyler, of Dartmouth College. 3. Consecration of the Encampment by Sir H. Fowle, D. G. G. M. 4. Installation of the officers. Installing prayer by Kev. Professor Shurtleff. 5. Address by Sir H. Fowle, D. G. G. M. C. Ode by the Handel Society. 7. Prayer by Rev. rrofessor Hadduck, of Dartmouth College. 8. Benediction by Rev. President Tyler. The early records contain a history of the proceed- ings of the Encampment from its organization down to May 3, 1830, when the election of officers for the year took place. This, so far as can be ascertained from the records, was the last meeting of the Encamp- ment ; but we know that it was represented by some of its officers in the Grand Encampment as late as 1837. Sir Charles W. Adams, one of the early mem- bers, in recording a brief history of the Encampment, says : " In 1826 and 1827 there were gloomy forebod- ings for the future, and for Masons a period of dark- ness and gloom. We struggled along through the excitement until April, 1830." He then speaks of the annual meeting of that year, and of what oc- curred, and adds : "This was our last meeting, and we went down with the Masonic establishments of this section of the country." From this time the Encampment was dormant till the autumn of 1851, when a meeting of the few sur- viving members and of other Sir Knights residing in the city was held at the Masonic Hall in Manchester, to take the necessary measures to petition the General Grand Encampment for the renewal of the charter. Upon the petition then made to Sir Charles W. Moore, General Grand Generalissimo of the General Grand Encampment, a dispensation was granted, and the Encampment was revived and established at Manchester with Sir Daniel Balch as its Grand Com- mander. From the time of its reorganization the career ot Trinity Commandery has been one of continued suc- cess and prosperity, steadily increasing its members and taking a high rank among the commanderies of the jurisdiction. It is now the largest commandery in the State, containing among its two hundred and seventeen members men of deservedly high rank in every profession, who have ever manifested a zealous interest in all its affairs, and who have always been ready to give their time and bestow their means for the advancement of its interests. The strength and integrity of character of its members, their attachment to the commandery, their liberality and knightly courtesy at all times, their earnest devotion to the principles of the order, have not only contributed to its success in the past and preserved unsullied the high and honored name which knighthood attained in the community, but also afford satisfactory evidence of future prosperity. The A. and A. S. Rite.— In 1S62 a dispensation from the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite, having its Grand East in Boston, was granted to John 1>. Patterson and several others who had received the degrees of the Rite to the thirty-second, inclusive. By virtue of this dispensation, which was for a Lodge of Perfection, many members of the York Rite were elected and received the degrees of this Rite to the thirty-second, which were conferred either in Nashua or Boston at the request of the Manchester brethren. Although it has not been deemed judicious to estab- lish working bodies in Manchester, yet a consider- able number have taken the degrees of the Rite, and ere long it is understood there will he a request for the Supreme Council to charter the usual working bodies to the thirty-second grade. The Rite is in a prosperous condition in this vicinity, and contains many of the most active and influential members of the fraternity. The Red Cross of Rome and Constantine.— A Council of this Illustrious Order of Knighthood was formed in 1873. The charter was granted by the Grand Imperial Council at London, England, at the head of which was the Earl Bective, to Joseph W. Fellows and eleven others, May 14th, in the name of Labarum Council. This Order of Knighthood is essentially Christian in its doctrines, and is founded upon the legend that Constantine beheld in the sky a cross with the words, " En Touto Nika " (" By this sign ye shall conquer ") on the eve of the battle of Saxa Rubra. The Emperor was inspired with the belief that this was a sign from the True God set in the sky to foretell his success, and he imparted such courage and confidence to his armies that a great victory was gained, The motto 748 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. has been "Latinized," and is used "In Hoc Signo Vinces " upon the banners ofthis and other < >rders of Knighthood. The name of this ( 'nun HI," Labarum," is ofdoubl ful origin, but was undoubtedly Lhenamegiven by Emperor Constantine to his banner, upon which was inscribed the monogram composed of the first two letters of the Greek work Kristos. This Council 1ms done but little work, and 1ms not yet united with the other Councils in this country, but contemplate- taking steps to form other Councils, and a < hand Council of the < Irder as soon as members sufficient in number arc created to warrant the expense and labor necessary to their support. .Masonic Relief Association.— The fraternity formed an organization, April 14, 1874, for the relief of the families of Masons who have deceased. It is intended and practically does afford a system of life insurance for moderate amounts at a very low rale. The plan is that each member shall paj one dollar into the treasury at the decease of any one member, so that the family of the deceased shall receive as many dollar- as there are lie niliers. A small sum is paid to provide for expenses; but the mai of the association is very inexpensive and careful. There is always kept in the treasury a sum of dollars equal to the number of members, ready to be paid immediately upon the decease of any member. The g I faith of the fraternity is the guaranty fund, and n has nei er failed to respond when called upon to do so. The association now numbers near four hundred, and its popularity increases with every year, and the grateful hearts of many who have been aided in the hour- of bereavement testify to the good it performs. Public Building.— Curing the last Congress a bill was passed appropriating two hundred thousand dol- lars for a public building in this city. HANCOCK. John While, mill, Esq., held the office of postmas- ter here for fifty-four years, from the first institution of the office, in 1812, until his death. His grandson, Adolphus D. Tuttle, Esq., has held the same position LBAp'06 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 984 854 8 •