COPYRIGHT DEPOSm Mason s Fame/ and Stud-Book — New Edition. THE GENTLEMAN'S NEW POCKET FARRIER: COMPRISING A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NOBLE AND USEFUL ANIMAL. THE HORSE; WITH MODES OF MANAGEMENT IN ALL CASES. ANff TREATMENT IN DISEASE. BY RICHArFmaSON, M.D. FORMERLY OF SURRY COUNTY, VIRGINIA. TO WHICH IS ADDED, A PRIZE ESSAY ON MULES; AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING RECIPES FOR DISEASES OF HORSES, OXEN, COW'S, CALVES, SHEEP, DOGS, SWINE, ETC. ETC. WITH ANNALS OF THE TURF, AMERICAN STUD-BOOK, RULES FOR TRAINING, RACING, ETC. WITH A SUPPLEMENT: COMPRISING AK ESSAY ON DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY THE HORSE. WITH REMARKS ON TREATMENT AND BREEDING; TOGETHER WITH TROTTING AND RACING TABLES, SHOWING THE BEST TIME ON RECORD, AT ONE, TWO, THREE, AND FOUR MILE HEATSi PEDIGREES OF WINNING HORSES, SINCE 1839; AND OF THE MOST CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND MARES; WITH USEFUL CALVING AND LAMBING TABLES, &c. &c. BY J. S. SKINNER, tdiloi now of the Farmers' Library, New York ; Founder of the American Farmer, in 1819: and of the Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, in 1821* being the first Agraul- lund and the first Sporting Periodicals established in the United State*. PHILADELPHIA: CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFIXGER, 1873. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. STEREOTYPED BY J. PAGAN * SON, PHILADELPHIA. PREFACE. Few subjects can more justly claim the attention of the public, than that noble and useful animai, the horse; and there are few indeed of any moment, that have met with more neglect from society. Not more than one or two authors in the United States have turned their attention to this interesting subject. This neglect, in which every individual is so deeply interested, must have proceeded from the low standing in society to which the horse has been sunk by men destitute oi veracity, too often having the opportunity of dealing in those invaluable animals, committing frauds, making false statements of age,gaits, condition, &c. to the injury of those who are unfortunate enough to confide in their assertions, or to deal with them. In this little work, whose size is calculated for the pocket, I shall endeavour to guard the unsuspecting against the arts of the jockey, and to point out so plainly the difference between an elegant and a common horse a good and bad horse, a sound and an unsound horse that any person may become a tolerable judge, by reading this little book with attention, however unfa- miliar the subject may have been heretofore. It is my object to be useful rather than offend, or appear learned. I shall avoid all hard names, technical terms. Stc. ; and will offer to the public the information I 1* 1 PREFACE possess, with candour and simplicity. In a work o' {his nature, the claim to entire originality must be relinquished; so far from attempting it, I confess J have, in a few instances, made quotations from othei authors, when I have found from experience they con- tained matter, useful, clear, plain, and familiar for my purpose. I hope this acknowledgment will bo received in place of marks of quotation. Amongst the great number of animals under the control of man, the excellent horse, unquestionably, is the most serviceable. How often do we see him the sole dependence of the poor farmer and his family, with whom he divides the morsel, shares in the toils, and by slowly turning up the soil, not only keeps them free from want, but fills the barn with plenty ! Trace him from the lowest to the highest situation, you will find him faithful, affectionate, and no less useful. Jn every species of farming, the horse bears the principal burden, and is the means of increasing wealth and happiness. In the transportation of foreign growth and manufactures to the interior of our country, and the exportation of the produce of the United States, the faithful horse affords a speedy conveyance to and from the water's edge. For the quick communications by posts and stages, even with the most remote parts of the union, we are indebted to the horse. Even our happy republican government has been established, protected, defended, and administered, by the means and aid of these noble animals. Men of every pro- fession, must all acknowledge the benefit derived from him; indeed he has been the very spring oJ punctuality and attention to business of almost every description. The horse, in his nature, is mild, patient, r orgiving, and affectionate. After being hard used, half starved, and unmerciful v beaten, who roool- PREFACE. S> leets ever to have seen him appear to feel the inja/y, pout over his scanty allowance, or discover hatred towards his cruel master? View his "gentleness anu kindness to a sot, who has indulged too long over his glass, often bending, turning and yielding to his giddy head ; and finally, when he is prostrated in the dust, now often does«the sagacious animal, when compelled to tread on him, bear lightly and tenderly ; and when loose, appear unwilling to leave the helpless drunkard : how often on his back are we conveved in safety at night amidst difficulties, dangers, and unfamiliar roads? And where is the traveller that does not re- collect that when returning on his journey, and in search of his home, when a road before unnoticed, had bewildered and stopped his progress, how readily and how faithfully has the horse thrown his ears to- wards the right road, and with quickening steps dis covered his eagerness to reach his home ? See him in the race, resolute, eager, and delighted, swelling every vein, and exerting every muscle and fibre to win the prize. Behold him in the field of battle, furious, in Irepid, and full of fire, forgetful of danger, rushing on the point of the bayonet, delighting in the glittering of arms, and panting for victory. View him in the civil and more happy circles of domestic life, in the service of the rich, the liberal, and the happy, proudly and smoothly rolling behind him the rattling chariot wheels, with an aspect lively, gay, and cheerful. Il to an animal like this, I can be the cause of adding to his comfort, improving his condition, making him fat, relieving his pain, removing disease, and sometimes save life, I shall feel as if 1 had rendered a service to '^lie community at large, and performed a part o) «ha 'ask assigned me. PRIVATE'. When the reader reflects that a large volume has been written on the anatomy of the horse's foot alone, he will easily conceive my confined, embarrassed, and cramped situation; having to treat of so many differ- ent parts and subjects, within the scope of two hun- dred pages. In doing of this, it will be impossible for me to give more than the skeleton or bare outline of the interesting theme, which I hope, at some future day, will be filled up and completed by some more fortunate genius. THE AUTHOR. TABLE OF CONTENTS, TO MASON S FARRIER. Appendix to Mason, Page .195 Journey, treatment on Paob 6S Addenda to Mason, 289 Keeping 23 Age, 72 Legs 82 by feeling, 76 Lampass 103 Breeding and raising, 29 Lock Jaw 143 do. do. by Broadnax 34 Lost appetite 149 Blooded horse, to choose 37 Marks 78 Blaze or star 79 Mane and tail 85 Body 81 Moon Eyes 92 Broken wind 98 Mange 137 Bots or grubs 118 Mash 156 Bruises 132 Mules 159 Big head 140 Narrow heels 101 Blisters 153 Neck and shoulders 82 Bleeding 157 Nicking 48 Carriage horses 19 Ostler 45 Castrating colts 60 Pricking 58 Crib biting 97 Poll evil 146 Chest founder 100 Purging or Diarrhoea 151 Colds 150 Race horse 22 Colic or Gripes il3 rider 28 Clyster or glyster 154 Horses, English mode Docking 59 of management. &c. 39 Diseases, infectious to prev. i26 Ring bone 110 Diarrhoea or purging 151 Saddle horse 13 Diabetes 152 Stables 46 Driving 158 Star or Blaze 79 Excessive fatigue 65 Shoeing 83 Eyes, good and bad 86 Starting 93 — moon 92 Stumbling 95 Foxing 58 Spavin 9t» Fattening 63 String halt 99 Founder, chest iOO Splint 102 Founder 110 Scratches 117 Farcy 105 Strangles 123 Fistula 145 Stone or gravel in bladder 124 Fomentations 155 Strains 133 Galls, wind 104 Staggers 134 Gravel in the bladdei 124 Surfeit 138 128 »">nrf» inn ornft 140 Glyster or clyster 154 Saddle galls 150 Dead 80 Sitfasts 151 Heels, narrow 101 Spot a white horse 157 Hoofs 85 Treatment on a journey 6H ■ gravel in 128 Wind broken 98 Hidebound 137 Wind galls 104 Hooks or Haws 121 Wounds 123 Hinny and Mule 159 Wall's receipt 158 IrJeotious diseases lo prev't. 126 Yellow water 12& CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. KTThe following are Numbered instead of being Paged. Alterative medicine for live stock No. 129 Astringent medicines for live stock 131 Halls and drinks, mode ot giving to horses 111 Balls, cordial cough, &c. used in Veterinary practice 147 Belly, diseases of 39 Bladder, inflammation of 62 in cattle 193 Bloody urine in horses 63 Blistering 118 Sweating of Liquid 120 Bleeding 126 Blisters used in Veterinary Pharmacopoeia 138 Blood or bog spavin 89 Bloody, ray (see dysentery) 196 Blown or hove in cattle 187 Blast or hove in sheep 220 Blood rot in do. 222 Bowels, inflam#ation of 45 Bone spavin and splints 87 Braxy or dysentery in cattle 196 in sheep 224 37 26 85 13 81 106 Broken wind Bridle sores Broken knees Catarrhal fever in horses Capulet of the hock in do. ('anker or quittor in do. Castration, nicking, docking and cropping 125 Castrating lambs, &c. 241 swine 243 Catarrh or influenza in cattle 1 77 Cattle surgery 2ii I obstetrics 204 vermin on 209 Calves, diseases of 207 Calving 205 Chronic cough 36 and 218 Clysters used in Veterinary Medicine . 143 Claveau, or sheep pox 214 Clystering 122 Condition of horses 2 Couu;h, chronic 36 • - — hi sjieep 218 Colic, red or enteritis No. 45 , fret or gullion 53 , in horn cattle 189 and 194 Corns in the feet of horses 10 i Cracks 95 Cud, loss of 198 Cutting in feet of horses 103 Curb of the hock in horses 92 Cutting and spaying pigs 243 Daisy or turning in cattle 199 Diseases of horses, see horse Diseases in feet of horses 90 Founder 93 Contraction 99 Pumiced foot 1 00 Corns 101 Burning thrush 103 Sand Cracks 104 Pricks 105 Quittor and canker 106 107 106 52 195 210 242 Treads Cutting Diarrhoea or looseness in cattle Diseases of sheep swine Diuretic used in Veterinary Medicine 151 Diseases of horn'd cattle 173, lrt3 Diabetos, profuse staling or pissing evil 64 Drinks and balls, mode of giving in Vet. Surgery Drinks in Vet. medicine Dysenteric inflammation Dysentery or braxy in ealilo in sheep l)o<;s, diseases of Asthma Sure eyes Cancer Colic Cough Distemper Fits Inflamed bowels Inflamed lungs Madness "Worming whelps Man ore 263— Worms III 149 49 196 221 2-4 1 245 248 249 250 i>5l 25 1 255 256 257 262 264 CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. Rtnbrocations used in Ve- tcrin.iry practice No. 154 Epidemic fever or pest 15 Epilepsy 17 Kyos, horses, diseases of 18 Farcy, 74 Feet, founder of 96 Fetlock, strains of the 83 Fever in horned cattle 174 &, 183 Fever medicine, used in ve- terinary practice 157 Fistulous withers 28 Firing 121 Fret, colic gripes or gullion 54 Flux, slimy, see dysentery Frontal worms in sheep 236 Fomentations in veterinary surgery 113 Founder of the feet 96 Foot stoppings for horses 166 Foul in the foot in oattle 2U2 Fout rot in sheep 232 Fumigations used in veteri- nary practice , 157 Gall in sheep 224 Gid in do. 233 Goggles in do. 233 Glander- 71 Glanderous rot in sheep 217 Grease 93 Gravel and stone in horses 65 Gripes, colic, fret or gullion 53 Gutta serena 2(J Gullicn, colic, gripes or fret 53 |]oksF4, diseases of 1 In and out of con- dition, and when diseased. 2, 3, 4 Inflammatory diseases 5 Diseases of the head 1 7 Neck 28 Chest 31 Skin 66 G^andcri and farcy 71 Diseases of the ex- tremi-i' a 76 Diseases e r the Feet 96 licpatiti- it yellows 58 ilide bound 70 Hoof Liquid foi veterinary practice 162 Hove or blown »i» cattle 187 H >rn distemper or horn ail 208 Hove blast or wind colic \r sheep No. 220 Hogs, see swine Hydatids or staggers in she^p 223 Inflammatory fever in horse diseases 5 General 6 Local 7 Inflammation of the brain or phrenitis 8 Inflammatory fever in horse diseases, general 33 local 7 Iufluenza or catarrh fever in horses 13 Inflammation of the lungs in horses 31 in cattle 184 Inflammation, of the bowels 45 of the liver 58 in sheep 222 Incontinence of urine 63 Influenza or catarrh 177 Inflammation of the stomach in cattle 185, 189 Inflammation of the kidneys or red water 191 Inflammation of the bladder 193 Jaundice in sheep 223 Knees broken, in horses 85 Lam pass or mouth disease 25 Lambs, castration of 241 diseases of 23S Liver, chronic inflammation of 58 , diseases of in horses 58 Lockjaw, in horses 1 1 Looseness or diarrhoea 52 Lungs, inflammation of 31 Malignant fever in horses 15 Madness, canine 257 Mange 66 in Dogs 263 Mallenders and sallenders S4 Malignant epidemic or mur- rain in sheep 21 t> Megrims 17 Morfounder or cutairhal fe- ver in horses 13 Moon blindness or opthalrnia 111 Mineral poison 40 Murrain or pest XL in cattle 179 Murrain in sheep 21 f 10 I'ONTENTS OF APPENDIX Neck, diseases of No. 28, 30 Opihalmia or blindness 19 Ointments used for horses, c;ittle, sheep, <&c. by Vete- rinary practitioners 169 Obstetrics in cattle 204 Overreach or tread in the feet 107 Pest or murrain 15 Peripneumonia or inflamed lungs in sheep 217 Pendro, a disease in sheep 233 Pinning do. in do. 22G Pharmacopoeia in horses and cattle 128 Poll Evil 21 Poison, mineral 40 , vegetable 42 , in sheep 239 Poultices in Veter. surgery 115 Pneumonia or inflammation of the .ungs 34 Physicking 123 Process 124 Pricks in the feet 105 Pumiced foot 100 Purging medicine in Veteri- nary practice 163 Puckeridge or wornals in cattle 203 Pigs, see swine Quittor and canker in the feet of horses 106 Salivation 41 Sand cracks 104 Sallenders and mallenders 84 Setons 116 Scalding mixture for poll evil 165 Scouring or diarrhuea in horn- ed cattle 195 Scour in sheep 224 Scab or shab in sheep 231 Siikep, diseases of 210 Sore throat 28 Staggers i.i horses 9 and 43 in cattle 199 Staggers in sheep 233 Sturdy 17 in sheep 233 Strangles, vkves or ives 22 Rtranguary or suppression of urine 63 Stone or gravei in horses No. (56 43 inflammation of in sheep Strain in the shoulder , in the whirl bono , in the stifle , in the back sinews , of the leg ■, of the fetlock and cof- fin joints Shoulder strains in horses Splints and bone spavins Spavin, blood and bog Skin, diseases of in horses Surfeit Surgery in cattle Swelled neck Swine, diseases of 219 76 78 80 81 82 83 76 8f. 89 65 67 199 30 242 -, cutting and spaying 243 Tag-belt in sheep Tetanus or locked jaw in horses in cattle Teeth Throat, diseases of Thick wind or pneumonia Thoroughpin or blood spavin Treads or overreach in the feet Ticks in sheep, to destroy Turnsick, in horses , in sheep 22f 11 200 27 29 34 89 107 240 17 233 60 63 63 63 Veterinary operations on horses 109 Veterinary Pharmacopoeia 127 Vives or ives 24 Vermin on cattle 209 Warbles 68 Warts 69 Wash medicines used by ve. terinary practitioners 167 Wind broken or pneumonia 37 Whirl bone strains 78 Worms in horses 57 in sheep 236 and 237 Wounds, treatment of 110 Wornals or puckeridge !K^ Urinary organs of horses, diseases of Urine, suppression of bloody or stranguary incontinence of CONTEXTS OF APPENDIX II W->rm under the horn, a dis- ease in she«?p, No. 233 Watery head in sheep 233 Wind colic in do. 221 Yellows or liver complaint No. 5* , hot, in cattle 190 and 19* — in shoeo 2'& THE POCKET FARRIER. SADDLE HORSE. When a horse is purchased for the saddle aione, u is to be presumed he must be clear of all defects, strike the fancy, entirely please the eye, and, from his happy symmetry and due proportion of form, stanu the second beauty in the world. When this is the case, he is seldom disposed of at too high a price. — Amongst the great number of people in the United States, 1 am induced to believe, there are but few good judges of a horse calculated for the saddle In- deed, they are better iniormed upon almost ap* othei subject that can be mentioned. Yet the Virginians have a large number oi (ine horses, and are accused of devoting too much attention to that beautiful ani- mal. Among all the difficulties attending the affairs of common .lie. there is not, perhaps, a greater than that of choosing a beautiful, an elegant, or good horse. Nor will this appear strange, when we consider the number of circumstances that are to be taken into consideration, with regard to shape, size, movements, jmbs, marks, eyes, colour, age, &e. Sic. — which are so various that it would fill a volume to describe; and indeed the best judges are often obliged to content themselves vvi th guessing at some things, unless they have sufficient time to make a thorough trial. If I were asked, wnat were the two most beaeti'.ul nbjwd 14 SADDLE HOUSE. m nature, I would answer, lhat woman, love.y woman, before whose charms the houl of man bows with re- verence and submission, stands unparalleled; next to this matchless paragon, j> beautiful horse displays nature in her highest polisti and greatest perfection; his gay and cheerful appearance, proudly prancing and bounding, his elegance of shape, smoothness oi limbs, polish of skin, due proportion of form, and gracefulness of action, united to a mild, soft, faithful, and patient disposition, raise him far above the rest of ihe brute creation. I shall now proceed to lay down some rules, and to give some hints, for the examina- tion of a horse previous to a purchase being made, to prevent the liberty of exaggeration, which is too fre- quently taken by dealers in those animals, and which too often terminates to the serious injury of the pur- chaser. It is to be much lamented, that men who entertain a proper idea of honour in all the common affairs of life, so soon as they become the owner of a horse, feel at liberty, without being sensible of doing violence to their morals, to knock off* two or three years from his real age, and express themselves, with apparent delight, of services, gaits, and qualities, to which he never had any sort of claim or pretention; carefully keeping a secret every vice and defect to which he is subject. I do not pretend to say this is tlie case with all who exchange or sell a horse, but that it has often occurred no person will deny, if a fraud can be prac- tised at all, it is sufficient reason for the inexperienced und unsuspecting to be placed on their guard. When a horse is offered for sale, I would advise the pur- chaser to ask one question, viz: Is he in all respects perfectly sound? Should a cheat be practised on you, under such circumstances, an action would lie again?! SADDLE HORSE. 1ft the seller, and damages could be recoverable; but be your own judge, not permitting any declaration tha\ may be made by the seller, to alter your opinion o\ form, age, condition, movements, action, &c. As the eyes of a horse are the most important organ, first Jet him undergo a strict examination; ascertain his age, examine his figure and action; guarding yourself against being toe much pleased or fascinated with the appearance of a new object; view his feet and legs; large ridges on the hoofs, or very flat feet, discover a horse to be subject to founder : large gouty legs, with enlarged tendons indicate strains and other injuries, examine his hind legs, with great attention, just below the hock and inside the hind knee; if there is .any unnatural prominence or knot, unlike the other knee, it wears the appearance of a spavin, which renders a horse of but little value. Splint, which appears on the inside of the fore legs, and wind-galls, upon the ancles, are unpleasant to the eye, but seldom produce serious lameness ; they furnish plain proof that a horse has been serviceable, and are very seldom productive of \iny other injury than stiffness, as he advances in years. Ride yourself, for the purpose of trying his gaits and qualities; as a rider accustomed to a horse, by private signs, such as manner of riding, bearing on the bit, leaning forward or backward, holding the heels close t<» his sides, &c. &c. &c, can make a dull horse appear gay and spirited, a wild horse gentle, a stumbler clear footed, one that is blind appear to see, and a starting horse free from that great objection, &c. &c Before mounting him, examine his knees, to discover if they are skinned, the hair off, or scarred; those are strong symptoms of his politeness to a fault. Ride with your bridle loose over any uneven ground: if he is in the habit of stumbling, he will very readily inform you" 2* B Itf SADDLE HORSE. then approach some object offensive to the sight; ii he appears much alarmed, stopping suddenly, and attempting to turn round, paying but little respect to the bearing of the bridle, you may judge he has been long in the habit of that bad practice. Ride him in all his different gaits, to ascertain if they are smooth, easy, and agreeable ; move him about a mile, out and Pack, in fully half speed; frequently stopping him suddenly to try his wind, also if he is spavined; if his wind has been injured, he will blow unnaturally; making a loud wheezing noise, with great difficulty of breathing. While warm, ride him in cold water above the belly; after which let him cool fifteen or twenty minutes, and if he is spavined, and has received temporary relief, by applications of any kind, the disease will make its appearance so plain, that you will discover evident marks of lameness. The spavin is often relieved for a time; and in a few instances has been permanently cured, by blistering, bathing with double distilled spirits, &c. Tne brisk exercise, &c. is intended to bring on a return of its effects, [:. case the animal should have had temporary relief from (hat distressing disease. Having given such hints as I am persuaded will lead to the discovery of any material defects in a horse about to be purchased, I shall now proceed to the description of a horse that I consider elegant and fil for the saddle. In order that he may have just claim to beauty and elegance, his head must be small, thin, bony, and tapering; his countenance lively and cheerful; his ears quick of action, high, erect, narrow, thin, and pointing togethci ; nis eyes kirge, round, full, and black- sparkling with cheerfulness, yet hushing his agitating passion* : nte order and obedience: his nostrils \arge SADDLE HOUSE. 11 und expanded, and when in motion, disclosing a deet red colour ; his brow and forehead smooth, and noi too flat ; his nose somewhat rising, of good turn, and a little inclined to the Roman shape ; his neck long, thin, delicate, and arched, forming a beautiful grada- tion from the breast and shoulders ; his mane half the width of his neck, thin and smooth ; his shoulders high tapering, and thrown well back ; his breast plump, full, and of moderate width ; his fore iegs straight, flat, sinewy, and thin ; his arms large and muscular : hi.s back short, and not too much s waved for strength and durability, but pretty even and straight ; his body rather round and swelling than flat, and of propor- tionable size ; his flanks plump and full, and the last nb approaching near the hip bones ; his hips and but- tocks full, round, and well covered with muscles ; his chine broad ; his tail well placed, and naturally or artificially elegant, which adds much to his figure and gay appearance ; his thighs long, from the hip to the naunch bone large and bulging with muscles; his hocks broad, sinewy, bony, and clear of puffs ; his hind legs from the hocks short, bending a little rather than straight, flat, and sinewy ; his pasterns " moderate ►ength, small and bony ; his hoofs cupped, small, rounn, ».nd smooth ; his hind parts not tucked, but of easy 'urn and graceful slope ; when mounted his appearance should be bold, lofty, and majestic ; his eyes shining with intrepidity and fire ; his movements light and airy as a phantom, with a fairy step, that w r ould ncaicely break a dew drop; his actions smooth and graceful ; his colour should suit the taste of the pur- chaser, though a mahogany bay is certainly the besi colour; his marks large, of irregular white, to light up *he countenance, and at least two white legs, which will add much to his beaut v — though it must l% e w tS SADDLE HORSE. knowledged, that all parts of a horse that are white, are much more tender than any other colour. When a horse is rode by any person for you to judge of his ga:ts, you should have him moved towards you, from you, and finally by you, as you may have the oppor- tunity of discovering, if there is any turning in and out about his knees and ancles, before or behind, which is very objectionable. A well shaped horse will track as true, 01 his legs will follow each other in as direct a line, as the wheels of a well constructed carriage. — For him to be considered a good riding horse, he should move with ease to himself, and pass over the ground with great rapidity. Hard steps, short going, and great apparent labour, is offensive to the sight, unpleasant to the rider, and fatiguing to the horse him- self With respect to the colour of horses, people differ very widely ; a black horse, with white face and legs; a grey, or a mahogany oay, with white marks, when well kept, are all showy colours ; but for actual service, experience has proved, that dark colours, without any white feet, are far preferable; for who ever recollects to have seen a black, sorrel, or bay horse, with a bald face and four white legs, distinguish himself on the turf, in four mile heats ? I am inclined to believe there is no first rate race horse, of that de- scription, within the United States. I have, perhaps, stated some facts relative to hoise jockeys, in a manner so plain and candid, as to draw from them their displeasure. My object is not to orfend, but to instruct and be useful to those who want experience on the suDject, for which this little book is designed The annexed engraving (See Frontispiece) presents "nv idea of an e'ogant. saddle horse; by a referer.ee U? CARRIAGE HORSES. 10 which, the judgment of a purchaser will not oi.lv oe Benefited, but meet with considerable support. »»9$9« CARRIAGE tiORSES. Houses intended for a carriage or draft of air*' description, should be from five feet to five feet four inches high; though there are many excellent and truly valuable draft horses of much smaller size. The greatest attention should be paid to their habits, temper, quality, and disposition. A horse that has been once frightened in "harness, never again is safe for tha* employment. 80 retentive are their memories, thai thev do not forget an alarm of that kind during their whole lives. For the want of experience on this subject, horses that have been frightened in harness have been hitched to carriages, which too often has been the cause of the untimely death of many amiable females and helpless children. Indeed, a pair of good and well matched, gentle carriage horses, is rarely to be met with ; as so many good qualities, together with a similarity of age, colour, size, and marks, is required to make them complete and valuable. Th^ir eyes should be good, carriage lofty, bodies proportionally large, breasts full and wide, their whole bodies heavily muscled; their heads, necks, and ears delicate; their Jegs large, sinewy, and bony; their pasterns short, and their hoofs moderately large, and not too Mat. They should be frc*> from starting, stumbling, and kirkhu: /O CARRIAGE HORSES. and tnoir dispositions patient, gentle, and obedient. It very often happens that horses are kept together as a match, on account of their colour and similarity of* marks, when no respect is paid to their difference of form, spirit, and movements, which often differ as widely as the mettled racer from the dull cart horse When thus badly matched, they would very soon be separated by a good judge, and nothing short o( necessity should ever permit them to draw together. Carriage horses should carry good tails, naturally or artificially, which adds much to their gay and elegant appearance ; presenting figures ready, apparently, to move upon the wind, whilst they are perfectly gentle and manageable. Horses of different colours, whose spirit, aize, and movements are similar, are a much better match in harness than those of the same colour, with three or four inches difference in height; or one dull, and the other spirited; one young, the other old; one fat, the other poor; one with a bald face and white legs, the other with white legs; or one active, and the other clumsy. I have thus taken up the time of the reader, to make him the better judge, and give him a correct idea of a bad match of carriage horses, which will assist him much in selecting those that are good. After being thoroughly satisfied about the shape, age, condition, &c., of a pair of carriage horses you may be about to purchase, it will be necessary, in justice to yourseli, to try them in harness; though the seller will assure you they are as gentle as lambs, true as honour, and fiially, the best pair of horses in the world; although it is possible for such a statement to be a fact, I would ad\ise that a trial should be made, and the purchase! kcome nis own judge; for which purpose have them hitched in a carriage, and driven several times up ana CARRIAGE HORSES. Ul down the steepest hill that the road may oross, which is most convenient: if they have any tricks, or are not true draft horses, it can be readily discovered: next, for the purpose of discovering if they have ever been alarmed in harness, frequently open and shut the car- nage door. als3 move and rattle the steps ; if they have ever been frightened in harness you will very soon be compelled to desist; then by coming to their front, and with attention observing their ears and eyes, you will be informed to your entire satisfaction, if they are safe Horses that have been once alarmed in harness, so soon as they hear anv rattling noise behind them, begin to grow restless, sinking or squatting behind, holding the head high, snorting, fetching long breaths, moving the ears with great quickness, at the same time showing the whites of their eyes. Let me warn the reader against the purchase of such horses ; they are unfit and unsafe for the use of a family. Horses for harness, that are fiery and fretful, are very objec- tionable, and should always be avoided; but great care should be taken to distinguish between animals of this description, and those that are eager and spirited ; the former begin to prance and tret the moment they are out of the stable, until they exhaust themselves with fatigue; but the latter endeavour only to be first in the chase, or foremost in the field, and are truly valuable; possessing those qualities that resemble prudence and courage; the others, intemperate heat and rashness. Whenever carriage horses are driven, they should be moved off fifteen or twenty steps in a slow walk, without the cracking or flourishing of a whip, which is so much the custom, and which is very frequently the cause of high tempered horses refusing to draw . After which their speed may be quickened to whatever gait you may prefer, by the use of some kind word 3 Zt RACE HOUSE. to which n]l horses should be accustomed- 'l is "\erj much the practice with drivers to leave their horses standing in a carriage, without any person to hold them, for hours together. Having seen the worst ol consequences result from this practice, (and with horses under the character of being gentle,) I would recom mend that drivers should never give up their reins until they are prepared with some person sufficiently strong to hold them. By using such precaution, the overturning and breaking many fine carriages, and the ruining for ever many valuable and elegant carriage horses, would be avoided. »e@ RACE HORSE. It is a remarkable fact, that horses run m all shapes. But most generally, those excel upon the turf, that are of the following form : head and neck thin, small, and delicate; eyes large, plump, and full of expression; nostrils wide, red, and expanded; throttle large; shoulders high, thin, and running very far back; breast plump, full, and wide; body long, round, and rather light than heavy; back short as possible; thighs long, large, full, and bulging; fore arm large and swelling towards his breast; hocks broad, strong, and bony; legs of moderate size, thin, flat, and sinewy; pasterns rather long and small, than otherwise; feet of propor- tionable size to the balance of his form ; though, of the two extremes, small is the best; he should be nervous, tractable, and of good spirit, and he should be from five feet to five feet four inches high. Such a horse, we.i managed, kept and placed in races, will seldom foil to distinguish himself on the turf. kkkpi.no 23 KEEPING The keeping a horse for a race is attended with much trouble, and requires great attention: but is more simple than is generally believed by persons wanting experience on that subject. A large majority of grooms, even to the present day are in the habit of giving to race horses large quanti- ties of physic, (though the number engaged in tnis practice has been diminished within the last ten years,) and for the sake of those very valuable animals, I hope ere long, such an injurious practice will be entirely abolished. All the medicine on earth will never give to a horse speed and bottom, that is naturally deficient in those respects ; and if he is affected at all by its use, it must operate to his disadvantage. The plainest and simplest mode of keeping horses, has proved much the best, to all who have ventured, in defiance of old opinions and customs, to use that course. When a horse is in health, the medicine ge- nerally given by grooms, has the effect of relaxing the muscles, enfeebling the system, and expanding the pores of the skin. I am clearly of opinion, that those large doses, which are so often given, never cause a horse, when running, to fetch a longer breath, braced his muscles, added to the elasticity of his tendons, in vigorated his system, or gave him, in any way, extra powers to perform the task assigned him ; but on the contrary, are frequently the means of throwing a lorse out of order, that in all probability, under dif- ferent treatment, would have proved successful, if not mastei on the turf: indeed, this has sometimes been proved bv the change of owners, and when a gooo 3* 24 KEEPING. horse has fallen into the hands of one that has observed plain and simple treatment — the horse that previous to the change never was more than second or third best has run with more than anticipated success. But many old and ignorant grooms who have nevei been benefited by experience, and all the knowledge they possess have been handed to them by persons equally ignorant with themselves, are under a belief, that unless a horse swallows a certain number of wind balls, that it is impossible he can win a race ; added to which, they are extremely superstitious, and some, even at the present day, confide in tricks and witch- craft. It is to be much regretted that a good horse snouid e T er fall into the hands of such blockheads. The first thing necessary in the keeping a race horse is, a good log stable, about fifteen feet square : then provide a plenty of good and sweet old corn, fodder and oats, and a sufficient quantity of clean and dry straw, to change his bed every two or three days. Most horses, when first taken up for the purpose of being kept, require bleeding; which a groom can always be a judge of from the appearance of the ani- mal. Good cloths, girts, &c. should be provided and kept on the horse, except at the hours for rubbing, which should be regularly three times a day ; in the morning, and evening after practice, and at twelve o'clock ; for which purpose a curry-comb, brush, straw and a large woollen cloth, must be provided and well used. Good rubbing assists in putting a horse in order, and places on his skin a beautiful gloss. His legs must be washed three times a day in clear cold water, nfter which they must be rubbed dry with straw, ano the naked hand rubbed over the ancles and pasterns, until a small degree of warmth is felt Th.3 stable should be kept perfectly clean. KEEPING. A ho/se should be given such practice as lie is well able to bear. As those animals frequently differ in every respect so widely from each other, it is impos- sible to lay down any rule that should govern, relative to the speed or quantity of practice necessary for horses in training. 1 will only remark, that a horse should be practised in a moderate gallop, the distance he is intended to be run, moving briskly every time he passes the stand, and for a short distance on the back of the ground: he then should be walked about a mile, and again gallopped in manner first directed. Some fleet and delicate horses require very little practice indeed; while other hardy and hard bottomed horses require and can bear verv hard practice. But the appetite ol a horse is the best criterion, as relates to that subject. If a horse refuses to eat, it is an evident that his practice is either too hard or too quick; when he eats heartily, it is a proof that he is able to bear what is given him. When a horse is first taken into keeping, his allowance for the first tw r o or three days, should be rather short; which should be offered four times a day. His exercise should be walking, for the first three or four days; two or three times the distance, or round the course of his contemplated race ; after whicn time, his food may be increased with his exercise, and he may be regularly fed with from two quarts at a feed to four quarts. His food should be often changed and prepared thus : his hommony (Indian corn ground coaise) should be first winded, then thrown into clean water, so as to separate the part that is nutritious from the husk and chaff; the oats should be lightly beaten m a common hommony mortar, to separate them from the hull or chaff', which may be blown off"; his foduei should be stemmed whenever it is discovered he nu* **i KEEPING. •oo much belly. A horse never should be drawn suddenly, as nothing is more weakening. The best medicine on earth, that can be employed in keeping of a horse, to give him wind and bottom, as the grooms term it, is good and sweet food. A greater proportion of old oats, hay, or hommony, opens the bowels ; and a large proportion of fodder and oats, when prepared in the way directed, has the reverse effect; so that by using food that actually contains nourishment, and will certainly benefit your horse, you may place him in whatever kind of order you think proper, without using those medicines which have a certain tendency to weaken and relax him. About two mashes during the time of keeping, is very bene- ficial ; the first as soon as you commence ; the second, about eight days previous to his running; composed of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of flour Oi sulphur, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre. Most grooms are in the habit of giving one, two, or three sweats, during the time of keeping; which method of hardening the flesh I am much opposed to. If a horse is too gross, gradually increase his exercise, which will have the desired effect. Whenever a horse has to undergo one of those sweats, he is so much weakened and relaxed, as to require at least one week to recovei his strength. Should a horse, in keeping, lose his nppetite, it can readily be restored, by a single inno- cent drench, composed of a quarter of an ounce c\ asafoetida, one table spoonful of salt, and one quart of sassafras tea. Good food, regular feeding, moderate exercise, and strict attention to rubbing, are of much more importance and benefit to a horse in keeping, than the administering of large doses of physic, which !?is nature does not require. When a horse is well kept, he will noi appear very KKKfl.NO. */ fat, bin his flesh will be very firm and hard ; his legs and ancles must be perfectly cool, and not puffed or swelled ; his eyes should be lively, and countenance cheerful : he should possess no bad habits, but be tractable, gentle, and manageable ; his actions smooth and graceful ; he should be taught patience ; and often practised in starting around the race course, never permitting him to go off", until the word GO is given. Many advantages result in a race, to a horse, being uroperly broke in starting. After a horse has gone through his practice, and has been well rubbed, &c. &c. his feet should be stuffed, (during the time of his standing in the stable) with fresh cow manure, or clay and salt, to prevent hi? ancles from swelling or being heated; his legs should be bathed once a week, with equal parts of old peach brandy and fresh butter, or sweet oil and vinegar, stewed over the fire until well mixed, and applied warm as the hand can bear it. Whenever a horse commences his brisk exercise, the under part of his ancles should be occasionally greased, to prevent their cracking and the scratches being produced. The heels of most young horses crack, during their exercise, unless this precaution is used ; fresh butter, sweet oil, or hog's lard, answers well for that purpose. The subject of keeping horses is so extensive, thai tc treat fully on it, would require a book at least tho size of this ; the reader, therefore, must be center* with the few hints and few pages I have devotea fcj ti. is subicct. 2* RA.VM RIO*?*. RACE RIDER. T" become a valuable and a good race rider, requue* more capacity, judgment, experience, and honour, than are often found in boys in the habit of riding. And no person can be successful on the turf, unless }>e can place the utmost confidence in his rider ; whose in- tegrity and honour it would be advisable frequently to put to the test. Boys are sometimes so young, foolish, and destitute of principle, as to receive bribes and promises : preventing the best horse from winning, to the disgrace of all concerned, and the serious injury of his owner, who, in such cases, never should tail to make an example of all persons engaged in the villany. A good race rider will have the pad of his saddle wet, before he mounts, to keep it firm in its place ; he will try his stirrups, and prove them long enough to raise himself about two or three inches clear of the saddle : he will then tie his bridle a length that will lllow his horse, when he bears him gradually ani steadily, to run at his ease, without being jeiker] or jostled ; he should never make a false start, but come up even and go off smoothly, without fretting or causing his hc.se to rear; and above all other things HRfcfcOlNG. *>U strict and pointed attention should be paid to the oidr.rs given, and they rigidly adhered to. A rider should bear a little forward, steadilv as possible, and without altering the attitude of his body, when whipping, pushing, or running at his ease, taking great care to remain steady in his stirrups, holding his elbows close, and his hands low. A rider, after running his heat, should never dis- mount, or give up his horse to any other person, unti 1 it is his turn to prove his weight, and is directed to come to the stand. THE BREEDING AND RAISING OF HORSES. The breeding and raising of horses, to most persons, is a very amusing and pleasing task; but it is attended with much trouble and expense, unless well managed and then it becomes not only a subject of profit, but is well worth the attention of any person, whose situ- ation will admit of it, for the purpose of making a fortune. The raising of cold blooded or common horses, is generally a disadvantage to any person, being neither interesting or profitable. A colt three years old, of the above description, seldom costs the owner less than one hundred and twenty dollars; and when he maites a sale, twice out of three times that sum cannot 6e obtained; consequently there is a loss, independent of trouble. But colts, three or four yeais old, from the best stock in the United States, of large size and 4 BltUKMNG. having distinguished themselves on the turf, have >ai manded from one hundred to one thousand pounds *! By raising and running such horses, large sums o1 money have been accumulated in the United States, and particularly in Virginia, where the blood, speed, and beauty of horses, are equal to any in the world. Much has been stated by English authors, on the subject of blood, form, and speed of the English horses; particularly Dorimant, Bay Malton, Eclipse, High- flyer, Matchem, Shark, Childers, &c. &c. &c. But could the blood, form, speed, and bottom, of our Ame- rican horses, Brimmer, Chanticleer, Leviathan, Virago, Surprise, Florizel, Potomac, American Eclipse, &e. &c. &c. have been contrasted with them, I am induced to believe they would have had the same claim to the page of record and superior performance. True it is, that of Flying Childers it is stated, that ne run a mile in a few seconds over a minute. Mv regard for the life of every human being, particularly a valuable race rider, induces me to wish our horses may never perform the mile in that time, though we have several amongst us whose speed is unknown, although they were on the turf several years, contending with very tine race horses. I must confess, that for a horse to run a mile in a minute, or eighty-two and a half feet in a second, (as stated) surpasses any idea that i have entertained of the velocity that a horse was capable of. In order to raise a beautiful and good racer, a stud should be made choice of. that will be a good cross, and of the best blood; not less than five feet two, though five feet four inches high, is a preferable size. lie should be well proportioned, elegantly formed, of maho- gany bay colour, and clear of all defects, pirtic-i BREEItfNO. 3J laily spavin and blindness: and should ncl only have pioved himself in possession of speed on the turf, out bottom also ; and should be a sure foal getter. A mare should be made choice of, not less than five feet high, with a del'Vate head and neck, great length of body, large belly, and above all other things, one that has proved herself, by her colts, to be a good breeder. When you commence breeding with a mare of this kind, you are almost certain of rinsing a valuable colt. But when you commence with one untried, you run a great risk of losing time and raising a horse of the 120 dollar price, unless the mare, or stock from which she originated, was first rate and remarkable for their fine colts. Indeed there appears to be the same simi- larity in the blood of horses that exist in men, as respects their good and bad qualities, shape, &c. &<;. We find vice common throughout some families, while we see virtue reigning in others. One breed of horses, under every care and attention, will only raise you a coarse horse or pony ; whilst good blooded horses, even half starved and under everv disadvantage, will show strong marks of beauty, activity, and size ; and after winning from his master kind treatment, often becomes the champion of the turf. I have known several first rate race horses that were once plough and draft horses. A brood mare, that has produced one or two good racers, from a good cross, in all probability will, at any time produce one, when under similar advantages. When a colt is foaled early in the spring, he will be under every benefit that can be derived from size strength, and age; consequently, it would be advisable to put a mare to horse at such time as wouid produce a colt about the fifteenth or twentieth of .April. A &l BREEDING. mare generally goes with foal eleven months and as many days as she is years old. A colt foaled in April, when three years old would have to carry no more weight in a race field than one foaled in August ; which would give to the one first foaled a difference of three mom hs of age, and of equal blood and under similar advantages. The one first foaled ought very certainly to prove best on the turf, from three to seven years old After your mare has been put to the horse of youi choice, she should not be confined during her preg* nancy, but a house or shed about twelve feet square, should be built for the purpose of sheltering her from the rain or bad weather ; the south side of this house should be left entirely open, so that the mare might come in or go out at pleasure : and a manger and rack should be confined in it for the purpose of feeding. A good bed of straw, and that frequently changed, will add much to her comfort, and she will be induced to sleep under the shelter if the litter is kept clean. — Adjoining this house there should be a lot, enclosed with post and railing, containing from one to four acres of ground, clear of snags, grubs, and stumps ; in which the mare should be confined about two 01 three weeks previous to her foaling : she will then be con- venient to assistance, should any be necessary. Mares frequently produce colts at fourteen or fifteen years of age, and sometimes twenty ; but from five to twelve years of age, from experiments made, appears to be the most valuable part of a mare's life for raising colts. Experience has also proved the great advan tage resulting to the form and size of a colt, from letting him get thin upon grass alone, two or three time? previous to his being three years old; after which ume he may be constantly pushed as much as possible. When the dam and sire of a colt are small, it is to BREEDING. 33 be presumed a colt produced by them will make a smad horse, although there may be no objection to the blood; and if he makes a race horse, it will be of the unprofitable kind. He may be a winner at three vears old; at four years old, second best; and being too small to carr^ weight, he never can win again. Such a horse will not command a high price with a judge of horses, as it is evident thai a large horse, with the same weight, will beat a small one, when they are equal in all respects except size. Indeed, for the purpose oi draft or riding, a large horse will command double the sum of a small one, which plainly proves the importance ot breeding from a large stock. When a colt arrives at the age of two and a half years, it is time he should be handled, and taught the use of the bit. It is of great consequence he should be first gentled by a person who well understands the management of horses, to prevent bad habits; as first impressions are never entirely removed from man or beast. 34 BREEDING. [ rhf following is the mode of raising Blooded Horses, as pursued by Wm. E. Broadnax, of Brunswick County, Virginia.] FiniOH THE AMERICAN FARMER.] \/ , Q p% ' 3 $**^f MODE OP RAISING BLOODED HORSES. " In the first place, be particular in selecting a good stock to breed from. When the mare is near foaling, let her be to herself, and if early in the season, let her have a good roomy stable to foal in; and in good weather, let her and her colt be turned into a lot, (o{ wheat I prefer.) Wean the colt the first of October in a stable, until it is done snickering after its dam ; then tu?*n it in a lot ; if you have more than one, they will do best together. " Stable them at night, and turn them out in the day except in very bad weather : force them all you can the first winter. To do this, their principal food should be cut oats moistened with a due proportion of corn meal sprinkled over and mixed with them. Most foals are apt to be too delicate ; forcing them, and keeping them wirm at night, will increase the size of tne.f limbs in proportion to the weight of their bodies. After they are one year old, they should not be kept so fat, nor yet permitted to get poor. A stud colt, which is intended to be kept as such, should be separated from other horses at a year old, and stabled of nights; his rack and manger should be so high as to strain him a little to get food; the windows of the stable should also be high, as he will be looking out at them : by these means his shoulders will be thrown back, and his withers raised. If it be wished to increase his quar- rels, enlarge his muscles, and other material parts, keep him in the stable frequently, for several days together, which will animate him; then turn him out in BREEDING. 36 a lot, and encourage him to run and exert himself aa you can, as his parts will acquire size and strength in proportion to the use made of them. " I would recommend a mare of good form and thorough blood, though she cost the most, because her colts would cost ^o more to raise them than those from an ordinary mare, and would probably sell for more than three or four times as much. The reason I would wean in a stable is, that in the usual way of weaning in cornfields, &c. the colts run themselves poor before they are weaned. I prefer wheat lots for mares and colts, because they like it better than any thing else, and 1 think it agrees better with them. I find oats made use of as above stated, not only the most healthy and best, but also the cheapest food for mares and coits. In pursuing the course which has been laid down, I obtained the following results : " I selected a mare which I knew to be of good stock, but from improper raising was only four feet six inches high, and very delicate : The first removal from her was four feet ten inches; the second reniova five feet; the third was five feet two incnes • the fourth was five feet six inches." W RAISING OF COLTS. RAISING OF COLTS. 77#e following answers were returned by William R. Johnson, to questions propounded by J. Marshall, of Fauquier Co. Va." " Senate Cham3er, February 4, 1829. 1. Keep the colts in pretty good order, not too fat, until they are too years old, then break them gently. 2. Keep them in lots, it does not matter as to size, taking care not to allow them to see other horses more than possible. 3 and 4. Grass lots are best, and short grass. 5. Dry food mostly — when young, cut oats. 6. Give corn in the winter ; oats in the summer ; not more at a time than they eat clean. When they ure once fat very light feeding is best. 7. It is not at all necessary to rub them until they are two years cM. 8. Wean the colts at about six months old. Should the above answers to your questions not be sufficiently explicit, they will be with great pleasure lidded to. Respectfully, William R. Johnson RACK. HOUSE. 87 C" [FROM THE AMERICAN FARMER.] l/, <9 , / S - THE BLOODED HORSE. fojo fteu maJe 5 * 4R STAJILF.S. choice of that are unable to perform labour of \n> description. Nothing can be more agreeable to s fatigued traveller, than to place his norse in possession of every pleasure, every comfort possible, after his having faithfully performed a hard ride, or on a journey , which he cannot have the opportunity of doing, unless t fit person is selected for an hostler. Many fine horses and stables have been destroyed by carelessness. Hostlers that smoke pipes or segars, are unfit for that employment. •6@9« STABLES. Nothing conduces more to the health of a horse, than a good and wholesome stable. It should be built upon a high, airy, and firm situation, that the horse, in Dad weather, may come in and go out clean. No animal delights more in cleanliness than the horse, or to whom bad smells are more disagreeable and perni- cious. Great attention should be paid to the removal of all offensive and putrid matter, to prevent the farcy and other troublesome and distressing diseases, which frequently proceed from such neglect. A log stable is preferable to any other, on account of its admitting a free circulation of air in summer; and by the use ot slabs or stiaw in winter, can be made warm and com- fortable. Opposite to each stall there should be a lattice or window, with a shutter; by which means you can, at pleasure, either welcome the cheering breeze, or bar out the threatening storm. The rack should be smooth, high, and firmly fastened to the wall ; which wiii pi'.ivent a horse injuring h's eyes, skinning his STABLES. 47 r ace, and doing himself other injury when feeding; The upright pieces in a rack should be four, or foui and a half inches apart, to prevent long food from beincr unnecessarily wasted. The halter should nevei be tied to the rack, (several fine horses having been ruined by such carelesness,) but should be passed through a ring in the manger, and confined to a longer or smooth piece of wood, weighing about a pound With a halter of this description, there is no danger of a horse's hanging, alarming, or injuring himself. A stall should be four and a half or five feet wide, which will allow him to lie down with comfort. The stable floor should be planked, to m. n ke the coat of hair show to advantage ; but a dirt floor is far preferable, when a horse is wanted for actual service : there is a mois- ture received by the hoof from the earth, which is absolutely necessary to make it tough and service- able. Either kind of stable floors should be a little raised towards the manger, to turn the urine from the stall, which produces an unpleasant smell, and (when permitted to stand a length of time) r 'ery unwhole- some vapours. When the size of a stable is calculated for several horses, the partitions between the stalls should be neatly and smoothly planked low enough to the floor, to prevent the horse when lying down, getting his legs through, and high enough at top to prevent them from smelling, biting, and molesting each other. A plentiful bed of clean, dry straw affords, to a fatigued or travelling horse, as great a welcome as his food, and is as necessary in a stable as tho uitchfork, curry-comb, and brush. 4* NICKING. NICKING. Nicking a horse has been generally believed to be attended with much difficulty, and to require great in- genuity and art to perforin the operation. The nicking :>!onc, is by far the easiest part, as the curing and pullying requires considerable attention and trouble. Nicking is an operation performed for the purpose of making a horse carry an elegant artificial tail, which adds much to his beauty and value. A horse may be finely shaped, even without fault, except carrying a bad tail, and he will not command a larger sum than one of very loose and ordinary shape elegantly nicked. One thus operated on, will have an appearance 01 gaiety, sprightliness, and life, vhieh cannot be given by ait in any other way ; indeed, it very lrequently happens the tail sells for one fourth the value of the horse, which argues strongly in favour of the opera- tion being performed on every tolerable likely horse, that is naturally deficient in that respect. Some are ol opinion, and particularly our plain, good old farmers, who are in the habit of raising fine horses, that nicking is injurious, weakening the back, unstringing the tendons, relaxing the muscles about the hind parts, causing a horse frequently to fall and some- times to catch upon their ancles behind, almost breaking the riderls back : in all of which they are entirely mistaken, and would readily be convinced of the fact, if they were to study the anatomy of the horse. Every tendon, muscle, nerve, artery, &c. that is separated in nicking, is always cut in docking ; and we do not find it. the result of experiment, that a horse with a loner tail is mure durable, stronger, reo NK'KINQ. 49 * from catching or sinking behind, than a horse that has been docked. Nicking will never make a bad horse a good one, or a good horse a bad one. The opinion unfavourable to nicking, no doubt, has taken its rise from many delicate, weak, long-legged horses being nicked for the purpose of selling them. When the operation succeeds well, the horse assumes a new appearance, being more like a dancing master than a grave digger, after which iie will continue to practise his old habits of catching behind, or making a bow, although he appears as if he could glide upon the wind. This elegant tail causes them to forget this is the same tender and weak horse that was in bad habits before he was nicked ; and almost proves, without reflection, that nicking is the cause of his apparent weak- ness. Indeed if such opinions were founded on fact, all horses that had been nicked, would fall and catch behind, whenever they had to descend a small hill. 1 have never known an instance of a horse catching behind after being nicked, that was not in the habit previous to the operation being performed. Before I describe the operation of nicking, it may be necessary to inquire into the effect, or how the elevation of the tail is brought about. In order to do this, and judge of the operation with propriety, we must consider the tail elevated or raised by one set of muscles, ending in large tendons, and depressed or drawn down by another ; the muscles and tendons that elevate the tail, are stronger and more numerous, and nearer to the bone than those that depress it ; they are closely connected to the bones of the tail by fleshy fibres, and terminate in strong tendons at the extre /nity. The tendons that throw down or depress the 'ail, are two in number, and may be found within a 50 NICKING. quarter of an inch of the outer sides of the tail, next uO die hair. There arc three arteries; two large, on the ^uter side and immediately under the tendons, and one in the centre between the two nearer the bone, all running into a longitudinal direction, and decreasing in she to the extreme end. To perform the operation of nicking, it is first neces- sary the horse should be well secured, to prevent his kicking or doing other injury ; a twitch is to be put on his upper lip, but not so high as to prevent his breath- ing; a cord is to be made fast to the fetlock of one of his hind legs, thence carried forward and made fast to his fore leg above the knee, which will effectually prevent his doing injury during the' operation. — [See Plcve.] J eing now confined, you are ready to commence the operation, which chiefly consists in a transveise division of those depressing tendons of the tail, and siv'h a position afterwards as will keep their extremi- ty s a^ain from coming into contact ; so that an inter- vvning callous fills up the vacuity, and elevates, erects, and props the tail. There are three different modes of nicking, all of which I will proceed to explain, giving an opportunity to any person, about to perform l\ie operation, to make their selection. To make a horse carrv an elco-ant tail, is attended with some uncertainty, as much depends upon the spirit, disposition, form, size of the bone of the tail &c. &lc. &c. A horse of good spirit, tolerable shaj e, and a small bone in the tail, can be made to carry an elegant tail with the greatest ease ; 'particularly if he carried a tolerably natural tail. But a dull, leather neaded, flop-eared horse, with a remarkable large bone n Ins tail, will set you a task, although you may break NICKING. 5! the bone in two or three places — indeed there is so much difference m horses, that some judgment must be exercised about the mode best to be adopted to ihe accomplishment of the object in view. Nothing can more disfigure the appearance of a horse, than to be half nicked. The form of the tail, when this unfortunately happens, departs from the simplicity of nature, and never attains the elegance of art. The first mode of nicking I shall describe, is the simplest, and attended with the least trouble ; and although it succeeds well, twice out of three times, yet I think inferior to the other two I shall presently de- scribe. Being prepared with a sharp knife and a crooked piece of iron or buck's horn, for the purpose of performing the operation. 1st. Have a twitch placed upon his nose as directed n the engraving annexed. — Figure 3. 2d. With a strong rope, confine his left hind leg to his left fore leg, above the knee. — Figures 5 ty 0. 3d. Plat the tail close and neatly, from the root to the end, clubbing or turning it over a small stick. — Figure 7. 4th. Turn the tail up, with a strong arm that can keep it firm and steady, in a direct line with his rump and back-bone. — Figure 7. 5th. With a sharp knife make an incision on each side of the tail about three inches long, in a longitu- dinal direction, about two inches from the root, and ihout a quarter of an inch from the outer edge of the uiil. next to the hair : so soon as you get through tl «• skin, yon will find exposed the two large tendons. 6 52 NICKING (Ilh. Make a second pair of incisions, similar to the first, commencing within about two inches of the termination of the first. 7th. Make one other pair of incisions, in length pro- portioned to the length of the tail, taking care to leav* about two inches at the end. 8th. With a crooked iron or horn, take up the ten dons at the first incision, as near the root of the tail as possible, and cut them smoothly in two. 9th. Take up the tendons at the second incision, and by using strength, draw those in the first incision out at the second. 10th. Draw those of the second out at the third incision, and cut them off smoothly. 11th. Wash the tail in strong salt and water, and take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood, three times within a week. 12th. The horse may be turned out or used mode- rately, and should be fed on green or light food; his tail should be washed clean, with soap and water, three or four times within a fortnight ; by which time, in all probability, he will be entirely well. A horse nicked in this way will require no pulleying, provided the tail is well strained up, with a strong arm, twice a day. The second mode of nicking is attended with more trouble than the first : but with the greatest certainty oi a horse carrying an elegant tail. Having confined the horse as first directed, and prepared yourself with a sharp knife — 1st. Make an incision entirely across the under part of the horse's tail, deep enough on each side to cut in two the depressors or tendons, but shallow in the middle, and about two inches from the root oi NICKINC. r>3 the tail When the depressors are entirely cut in two, one end of them will suddenly draw towards the rump, and tne other will slip or shoot out of the wound about half an inch, which must be cut oil smoothly and even with the wound. 2d. The second incisions must be made like the fiist, from which they must be distant about three inches. 3d. The third incisions should be made like the second, except deeper. If any artery should be cut, it is no cause of alarm ; as a plentiful bleeding is ot infinite service in speedily curing the tail thus operated on, and the blood is easily stopped by wrapping the tail up with a small quantity of salt, added to a handful of flour, or by placing him in the pulleys; though from a gallon to a gallon and a hn)f of blood would not be too much to lose. 4th. After nicking, the tail should be washed in strong salt and water, and the horse may not be pul- leyed for three or four days, at which time all blood, dirt, &c. should be carefully removed, not only from the under part of the tail, but from amongst the hair also, and should be kept clean until he js cured, which will be about three weeks; by which time should he not be fat, his condition will be much improved. 5th. The tail should be taken out of the pulleys every three or four days, unplatted, and washed clean with strong soap-suds. Oth. Bleed every five or six days, taking from a half to a gallon of blood at each bleeding, and if the tail appears much inflamed, bleed oftener; it will •emove fever and inflammation, and cause the wounds to ieal very quick. M NICHING. 7th. His food should be easy of digestion, light and cool, such as bran, oats, or green food of any kind If the root of the tail should be inflamed, fwhich is very often the case after pulleying,) or should small biles appear, apply a little tincture of myrrh, copperas, or blue-stone water. It very often happens, that the hair in the tail of a nicked harse shows a disposition to drop, which should be prevented, by washing the tail in sharp vinegar, and keeping it nice and clean with soap-suds. The matter discharged from the wounds, if permitted to remain amongst the hair for twenty-four hours, will take it off as readily as a knife. It is of very great importance to prevent this, \s the best nicked horse in the world will look ugly, if he has little or no hair in his tail; besides, it generally takes twelve months to replace it. Horses are sometimes nicked, when their blood i? in a bad state, which is the cause of their tails swelling and showing marks of violent inflammation ; to remove which, it will be only necessary to bleed plentifully and apply a poultice made of a strong decoction of red oak bark and corn meal If this operation should be performed in a season of the year when flies are troublesome, the tail and buttocks of the horse should be anointed with stur- geon's oil, which will effectually remove them. i shall now proceed to describe the thiid and best mode of nicking every description of horses; ami which, if well attended to, will seldom 01 never fail to succeed. 1st. The stall, pulleys, halter, and manger, shou/d uii be prepared for the reception of a horse, previous to being nicked, as directed in the engraving prc- fixc-J. The pulleys (figure 2) about six or eight feet NIC KINO 5f» apart, and about the same distance from the stable floor, over each side of the stall, and firmly fastened to the wall ; a smooth and small cord is then to be passed through each of the pulleys, and to each end must be confined two equal weights, as figure 10 ; ibc tinker should be constructed and fastened as figure 1 1 ; the trough should be securely fastened to the stall or vvall, to prevent its being pulled down, {figure 8,) the stall should be three or three and an half feet wide, and not deep enough to allow a horse to rub and disfigure his tail, as figure 9. 2d. The horse should be confined, as figures 5, G, and 3, and the tail closely and neatly platted up and clubbed at the end, or turned over a small stick, and securely tied with a waxed string, as figures 7 and i. 3d. Being provided with a sharp knife and a crook- ed piece of buck's horn, and the tail being turned up by a strong arm, in a direct line with the back bone, as before mentioned, commence the operation by mak- ing a transverse incision, immediately across the tail, one and a half inches from the root, and deep enough *o separate entirely the tendons on each side of the under part of the tail, which will be found about a quarter of an inch from the hair on the outer edge ; this incision in the middle may be shallow. The large arteries lie so immediately under the tendons, that they are often wounded or separated in performing this operation, which will be a great advantage in the healing of the wounds, instead of doing injury by the loss of blood. But whenever a horse may have bled from one to two gallons, the bleeding will readily stop by placing the tail in pulleys, or by applying a small quantity of flour and salt to the wound, and wrap the tail up moderately tight with a iinen riiy, from *lie root to the end. 6* E 5« NICKING. 4th Make two incisions lengthwise or longitudi- nally, (commencing about two or two and a half inches from the cross or transverse incision,) and about three inches in length, which will expose the large tendons on each side. 5th. Make two other incisions of the same kind, commencing about one inch from the second, and in length running within about two inches of the end ol the tail. 6th. Make a transverse incision within half an inch of the termination of the longitudinal incisions, (or those made lengthwise,) pretty deep. 7th. With a buck's horn take up the large tendons in the second incisions, and draw the ends out of the first ; take up those in the third and draw the ends out of the second, and at the upper part of the wound cut off the tendons even and smooth. 8th. With a strong arm strain up the tail opposite the second incisions, until the bone slips or breaks ; treat the tail opposite the third incisions in the same manner — also the fourth and last, which should be made across. 9th. Wash the tail in strong salt water, and the horse may be placed in a stall, turned in a pasture, or elsewhere, for two or three days. 10th. Wash the wound and tail clean with strong soap suds, and place the horse in the pulleys, by pas- sing a sma',1 noose (Figure 1) over the stick confined in the hair, at the end of the tail — (Figure 4.) 1 1 tli. Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood, each week, until he gets well ; or double the quantity should the tail be much inflamed. He should remain in the pullevs about three weeks, in order to give the new flesh time to get firm, and should be washed ono Mi; KING. 57 ii day vvi\i castile soap, so that it may be kept, entirely clean. The tail should be taken out of the pulle\s twice a week, the hair unplatted, and permitted to remain down all night, and the horse changed to a clean and large stall, with a good bed of straw, for the purpose of sleeping and refreshing himself. Before he is again confined, he may be rode two or three hundred vards, slow, and without being fretted. Whilst stand- ing in the pulleys, his legs should be frequently bathed with pot-liquor, in which bacon was boiled; vinegai and sweet oil, or lard and spirits of any kind ; and a mash should be given him at least once a week, of one gallon of bran or oats, with a table spoonful oi powdered brimstone, and one tea spoonful of salt- petre; not permitting him to drink for six hours after- wards. His halter should be made of substantial materials, to prevent his breaking loose whilst confined in the pulleys, pulling the hair out of the end of the tail, and doing himself other injury. A bucket of salt and water may be given twice a week during his con- finement, which will be very grateful to the taste and cooling to the svstem. 12th. Great pains should be taken to have the weights to the pulleys equal, in order to keep the tail in a per- pendicular direction, and prevent it from turning to either side during the time of healing; as a horse tfia* carries his tail round to one side, instead of being elegantly nicked, is ruined. The wounds, occasionally should be washed in blue-stone or copperas water, which will cause them to heal rapidly; the horse should ha* r e as much green and light food as he can eat, such as bran, oats, &c. Some horses that are nicked in this way, and are pulleyed only four or live nays, carry very handsome tails; but 1 am of opinion 58 PRICKING. FOXING. to ensure success, it is necessary they should be kept in the pulleys until the wounds are perfectly well. PRICKING. The pricking a horse has proved to be as useless an operation as it is simple, seldom or never having the desired effect; consequently the practice should be abolished. Many nicked horses fail to carry good tails; and much less is it to be expected from a horse that is pricked. I would recommend that the operation should never be performed. >9^0 FOXING. To fox a horse is an operation so simple, that it can be performed by almost any person. The only skill is, to select such horses as will be improved by being foxed. There is an instrument generally used for this purpose • Hut the operation can be performed very correctly without it. The simplest and easiest mode is, to take a very small paint-brush, and with paint .hat will form a contrast to the colour of the horse, mark the ears of the shape and length you prefer ; men place on his nose a twitch ; have one of his for*; DOCKING. 511 Ices held up ; and with a sharp Knife cut off* the ears, carefully following the line which was previously made with the brush ; the skin will immediately slip down and leave the gristly part a little naked, which mus* be washed in salt and water once a day for about a week, after which they should be greased with a little sweet oil, fresh butter, or hog's lard, and they will get entirely well in two or three weeks. A horse with a small, thin, delicate head, will always be much im- proved by being foxed. But a horse with a fleshy, heavy, thick, or long head, will show with less advan- tage after his ears are cut off', even if he carried them extremely bad previous to the operation. •*£»*• DOCKING. Docking a horse is an operation so simple, as to re quire but little skill or judgment in its performance A twitch is to be placed upon the upper lip of the Imrsc, but not so high as to prevent his breathing, (as in the engraving for nicking, figufe 3,) — one of his fore legs must be held up to prevent his kicking 01 doing other injury, and a waxed string must be tied very tight twice round the tail, just above the place where it is to be cut off"; a large block of wood is to be placed upon his rump, and the tail turned up and iaid smoothly on the block ; then, with a sharp irwstru ment, you may cut the tail the length you prefer, (though horses docked short generally carry the best tails.) or after the waxed string is securely tied, take 00 CASTRATING. ■ he tail in one hand, and a largo knife (sharpened on a ftrkk to give it a rough edge) in the other, and with ease, at one stroke, you may cut the tail in two: then take a piece of iron, moderately hot, place a little rosin in the wound, and sear it, recollecting to cut off the waxed string two or three days afterwards, and grease the tail with a little fresh butter or sweet oil, which will cause it to heal very quickly afterwards. When a horse is docked, the same tendons, arteries, and nerves are separated, that are divided in nicking ; and it is very rare that a' horse's life is endangered or lost in consequence of performing either operation. [from loudon's encyclopedia of, agriculture.] CASTRATING COLTS The time for castrating or gelding of colts is usually when they are about a year old ; although vhis operation is frequently suspended till the second year, especially when it is intended to keep them on hand, and without employing them in labour till the following season. Parkinson disapproves of delaying this operation so long, and recommends twitching the colts, a practice well known to the ram breeders, any time after a week old, or as soon after as the testicles are come down ; and this method, he says, he has followed himself, with great success. Blaine's remarks on the subject of castration appear wor- ihv of notice : he savs, when the breed is parlicu CASTRATING. HI 'arly gnod, and many considerable expectations are formed on the colt, it is always prudent to wait til/ twelve months: at this period, if his fore parts are correspondent with his hinder, proceed to castrate; but if he be not sufficiently well up before, or his neck be too long and thin, and his shoulders spare, he will assuredly improve by being allowed to remain whole six or eight months longer. Another writer suggests for experiment, the spaying of mares, thinking they would work better, and have more wind than geldings. But he does not appear to have been aware that this is by no means a new experiment ; for Tusser, who wrote in 1502, speaks of gelding fillies as a common practice at that period. The main objection to this operation is not that brood mares would become scarce, as he supposes; but that, by incapacitating them from breed ing, in case of accident, and in old age, the loss in this expensive species of live stock would be greatly enhanced. An old or lame mare would then be as worthless as an old or lame gelding is at present. f The following mode of castrating colts is taken from Mr. Skinner 8 American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine.] ¥ . f The operator must in the first place provide himself with a strong rope, a couple of clamps for each colt, (if he intends altering more than one,) a little paste, a ball of twine or good thread, and a phial of the following mixture : R. Two tea- spoonfuls of red precipitate, One do. nf corrosive sublimate, to be well ground separately, and then intimately mixed. The clamp is made thus: Take a niece ol 02 CA.-5T11ATING. older six inches long and from three quarters to one inch in diameter; bark it, and split it through the middle, and having taken out the pith, cut one adjoining end of each piece with a slope, from the inside out- wards, about an inch, and notch it on the outside, a* also the other end that is not sloped, that they may be securely tied together. Fill the hollows nicely with the paste, and sprinkle over it some of the mixture in phial. Then place the sloped ends together in such a manner that the other ends will be separated about an inch, and tie them by several turns of the thread in that position, thus: Every preparation being made; the colt, thrown and carefully tied; the integuments of the testicles are to be laid open, the stone pulled out, and the epididy- mis separated from its adhesion to the lower end of the testicle as in the ordinary way. The cord is then caught in one of the clamps, which is pressed hard upon it, and firmly tied at the open end. When this is accomplished, the cord must be cut directly oh*', close to the edge of the clamp, and a little more of the above mixture snould be sprinkled upon the ends exposed by the knife. After the operation is concluded, the clamps should be suffered to remain on eighteen or twenty-four hours. They may then be taken off by penning the colt in a confined place, and cutting the strings which tie their blunt ends. Neither swelling, nor stiffness, nor any other inconvenience follows this operation, and the animal appears, after he is relieved of the clamps, as well as ever he was. This method may, with equal efficacy, be applied to every other animai wnose ago or size renders the old way precarious. FATTENING. US FATTENING. To fatten a horse in a short space of time, ha? generally been considered a very great art, and at- tended with much difficulty. Some authors are of opinion, it is necessary for a horse to swallow a certain quantity of medicine to produce the desired effect; while others rely on an uncommon or peculiar kind of food ; but experience has proved that both opinions are erroneous, and that the few simples which I shall heie recommend, together with good rubbing and a particular manner of feeding, will accomplish the fat- tening of a horse that is not a g*arran or extremely poor, within three or four weeks. After your stable is prepared, (as directed in pages 46 and 47,) provide a plenty of good sweet corn, hommony, oats, bran, and fodder ; also a sufficient quantity of straw to keep him with a comfortable and clean bed ; then notice the condition of the animal, for the purpose of bleeding in the neck. Should he be very poor, take from him only one quart of blood ; if in tolerable plight, two quarts — icpeating the bleeding at the expiration of every eight or ten days, until he is fat. Take of flaxseed one pint, boil it to a strong tea of one quart ; take ol powdered brimstone, one table spoonful ; salt-petre, one tea spoonful ; of bran, one and a half gallons; mix them all together, scalding the bran with the tea. form- ing a mash; which may be given every eight days: not permitting the horse to drink cold water for eight or ten hours afterwards. Take of asafoetida (which can be procured from any apothecary's shop) half an ounce ; wrap it in a clean linen rag, and nail it in the bottom of the manger where the animal is fed; at first the horse will eat unwillingly where it is placed, but in a few days he will grow remarkablv fonu of K. 7 I>4 FATTENING. When you commence kind treatment towards a horse that has been cruelly used, let it be with great caution, or you may produce a founder or some other injury ; those serviceable animals being too often hard used and half starved. For three or four days, allow- ance a horse you contemplate fattening, to two and i half gallons a day, six or eight bundles of fodder, >r an equal quantity of hay ; after which you may \eep your rack constantly full of long food, and never >ermit the manger to be entirely empty : taking care o change the food every day, giving the largest pro- portion of bran, viz.: — bran and hommony, bran and oats, bran and corn, bran alone, oats, corn, hommony, &c. &c. The food moistened occasionally with strong sassafras tea, produces an admirable effect ; it whets the appetite, enriches the blood, and opens the bowels. Whenever a horse is fed, all dust, sour food, &c. should be removed from his manger, which should be washed twice a week with vinegar and salt ; this kind of attention will aid the appetite and keep the manger sweet and clean. If the season of the year you undertake to fatten in, affords green food of any Kind, a little about twelve o'clock would assist you much in accomplishing your object. In the bucket in which you water, throw a handful of salt, two or three times a week; it becomes very grateful to the taste, after a lew days' confinement, and will prevent his pawing and eating dirt. If the object is to fatten a .iorse as speedily as possible, giving to him unusual i_fe and spirits, he should not be brought out of tho stable, nor even led to water. But if flesh is to be 'placed upon a horse to render hard service, I would recommend moderate exercise once every three days narefully avoiding fretting or alarming him ; more in •ury may be done a horse by fretting him one day excessive fatigue. 65 than you can remove in a week by the kindest treat- ment. The hoofs should be cleaned out every moin« ing and evening, stuffed with clay and salt, or fresh cow manure, to keep the feet cool and prevent a swel- ling in the legs. A plenty of good rubbing is abso- lutely necessary for the placing of flesh speedily on a horse ; and a blanket as a covering, at any time except the summer months, will place on his coat of hair a beautiful gloss, and add much to his comfort and ap- parent value. *9&9* EXCESSIVE FATIGUE. For a horse to undergo very great fatigue without injury, requires at least one week's preparation. Pre- vious to entering him on his journey, he should be fed plentifully on solid old food, such as corn, fodder, hay or oats, and smartly exercised from five to ten miles a day. He should be well rubbed two or three times every twenty-four hours, which will very readily have the effect of making his flesh not only firm, but hard. I have no doubt, from the experiments I have made, that any tolerable good and active horse may be rode one hundred miles, in a pleasant long day, with- out receiving any permanent injury, by observing the treatment I shall here recommend. Experience has proved that rainy or drizzly weather is more favoura- ble to the performance of an excessive hard ride, than d day that is fair or sultry, with sunshine ; rain has .ne effect of keeping him cool, suppling his limbs, ol moistening and refreshing him. On the night pie- IW EXCESSIVE FATIGUE. vious to his engaging in this laborious undertaking feed your horse with one and a half gallon of oats, or one gallon of corn and six bundles of fodder ; in the morning feed with one quart of oats or corn only, and offer some salt and water, of which a horse is apt to drink but little early in the morning. You then set out on your journey, in such speed as is proportioned to the distance you contemplate going in the day. A rider, who is compelled to perform a long journey in haste, and with certainty, in a given time, should be extremely particular in his manner of riding. He should bear lightly and steadily on his bridle and stir- rups, never jerking, checking, or stopping his horse suddenly, or change his gaits too frequently ; all these things have a tendency to weaken and fatigue a horse extremely. A good rider will more resemble the light and airy movements of a feather, than the duli and leaden gravity of a bullet ; the same horse can convey a good rider twenty miles farther in a day than he can one unskilled in this necessary and elegant accomplish- ment. After progressing about fifteen or eighteen miles, refreshment will be necessary, not only for the horse, but the rider also. You will then give him a bucket of salt and water with two handfuls of corn meal thrown therein, and one quart of oats or corn ; at twelve o'clock and at dinner time, feed and water in the same manner. Great care should be taken to pre- vent your I'orse from drinking cold pond or well water or indulge in any inviting rivulet he may meet in his road, more than to moisten his mouth. It is a prac tice among hostlers, when they have no particulai directions, to plunge horses that are tired and heated at twelve o'clock, into cold pond water ; in preference to which I would advise that their legs should be well nibbed with about half a pint of any k : n<* if spiiits EXCESSIVE FATIGUE. 67 Your last feed being at two o'clock, or dinner time, your horse will require nothing more until night. The day's ride being performed, turn him into a lot to roe*, and wallow ; after which let him be placed in a staF., on a good bed of straw. 1st. Offer him a bucket of water. 2d. Remove all dirt and dust from his legs and ancles with soap and warm water. 3d. Bathe him from his belly to his hoofs with equal parts of vinegar and spirits, to which add a little sweet oil, fresh butter, or hog's lard, stewing them all together, and make use of the mixture as warm as the hand can bear it. 4th. He must be well curried, brushed, and finally polished with a sheepskin or woollen cloth. 5th. His feet should be nicely cleaned out, and stuffed with clay and salt, or fresh cow manure. 6th. He should be fed with one gallon of old corn, or one and a half gallons of oats, and six bundles of old fodder. Your horse being now in possession of every attention and comfort you could offer him, will soon be refreshed, forget his hard service, and be again prepared, by the next morning, to obey you whither you may direct his footsteps. If you have more than one day's journey to perform with great rapidity, observe the same rules ol feeding, watering, and attention, as directed for the first day, except the feed at twelve o'clock, which quantity must be doubled. Many elegant and high spirited horses have been ruined and rendered useless by per- sons wanting experience on the above subject, who were disposed to treat those faithful animals with every kindness in their power; yet being under the neces 6ity of performing a long journey in a limited time, and not knowing that the will of a heated and fatigued horse should be" controlled, they have permitted him to eat as much as he pleased, or when heated, to drink is much cold pond or branch water as his great Inirsi 7* C8 TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY. would induce him ; which have often been the means ol producing cholic, founder, and other diseases, that too frequently prove fatal in the hands of a common farrier, to which title every hostler, blacksmith, and every blockhead of a servant, who does not even understand the currying of a horse, have pretensions. The loss of two or three quarts of blood, to a horse that has undergone excessive fatigue, will remove the soreness and stiffness of his limbs, the natural consequence oi violent exertions. ©*♦ TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY. To perform a long journey, with comfort and ease to a horse, and satisfaction to the rider, requires some attention to the feeding, for eight or ten days previous to the setting out. A horse uncommonly fat, running late at grass, fed with unsubstantial food, such as bran, &c. or unaccustomed to exercise and fatigue, is very unfit to perform a journey on, unless prepared by being fed on old and solid food, for eight or ten days, such as corn, fodder, oats, or hay, and given moderate exercise. A horse about half fat is in the best situa- tion to bear the fatigue and labour of a journey bv following the mode of treatment I shall here recom- mend. If he is only a tolerably good one, by the time ne reaches his journey's end, should it last four or five weeks, his condition will be much improved, if he is not entirely fat. 1st. It is necessary to have your norse shod with a good and substantial set ol shoes, TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY. bU taking care that they fit easy, set well, and are not placed so near the inside of the foot as to cut the ankles in travelling, which often produces stiffness, considerable swelling of the legs, and sometimes lame- ness. 2d. Examine your saddle, valise, portmanteau, harness, &c. as the case may he, to discover if they fit with ease and comfort to your horse, taking care to let them undergo the same examination every two or three. days. For a saddle to fit properly, it must be neither wide enough in the tree to slip upon the shoulders, or so narrow as to pinch or break the skin on the withers, the bolstering or stuffing in the pannels should be adapted to the hollow spaces on each side of the back bone or spine. When thus properly fitted, a crupper will be useless. 3d. Your valise should be fastened on by passing two straps underneath two pieces con- fined to the valise pad, and through two loops at the back of the saddle; by which means it will be kept steadily in its proper place, and the rider will not be perplexed by its swinging first on one side, and then on the other, and the danger of the horse having a sore back from friction will be avoided. The only difference between the customary way of fastening a valise and the one I here recommend, is the passing straps through the loops to the back of the saddle. On the night previous to your commencing your journey, after your horse is placed on a good bed of straw, and is well rubbed, feed with two gallons of oats, or one and a half gallons a old corn and hommony, and eight or ten bundles of fodder, or a quantity of hay equal to it. In the morning ked with half a gallon of oats, after which offer a bucket of water. It is customary for horses to be watered before being fed ; but it is much better not to water them until afterwards; a large draught of water very ufteo 70 TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY. destroys the appetite, and makes a horse dull and sluggish for a whole day afterwards. When he is watered in this way, he seldom drinks too much, and his mouth is washed clean and is moist when he commences his journey. It also measurably destroys his incclina- tion to drink out of every stream he may cross in the road, which is so tiresome and unpleasant to a rider. Being now completely prepared for the contem- plated journey, the following rules must be strictly observed. 1st. Never permit your horse, while tra- velling, to drink cold branch, well, or pond water, or more than is necessary to wet or moisten his mouth. 2d. Every time you stop to feed, (which will be morn- ing, breakfast, and dinner time,) give him a bucket oi water, made a little salt, with about two handfuls oi corn meal stirred in it; he will very soon grow fond of it, and indeed prefer it to any other drink; it cools the system, relieves thirst, and contains considerable nutriment. 3d. Whenever you stop for the purpose of breakfasting, let your horse cool about ten minutes ; then feed with half a gallon of oats or corn, and two bundles of fodder, not forgetting to offer him again the water, meal, and salt. 4th. At dinner time observe the same treatment as directed at breakfast. 5th. At night (having arrived at the place you intend stopping at) have your horse turned into a lot, for the purpose of wallowing, cooling, &c. 6th. With soap and water have all dirt removed from his legs. 7th. Have him placed on a good bed of straw, then take of spirits of any kind half a pint, of vinegar half a pint, mix them together, and let his legs be rubbed with (he mixture until they are dry. 8th. Let him be well curried, brushed, and rubbed with straw. 9th. Water him plentifully. 10th. Feed him with two gallons of oats, or one and a half gallons of cvrn or hommony t TREATMENT ON A OUltNEY. i 1 and eight or ten bundles of fodder. 11th. Let h,a hoofs be nicely cleaned out and stuffed with fresh cow manure ; this application keeps them tough, moist, and cool. 12th. Change your food as often as possible, care- fully avoiding using any that is new, or just gathered. ( )bserve the above rules to your journey's end, except your horse should prove a great feeder, and in thai case you may indulge him a little ; but the quantity ] have here recommended, is enough for any common horse when travelling. It may not be amiss to remind the young traveller to inspect his horse's shoes once a day, and whatever appears amiss about them to have immediately rectified. It frequently happens that the skin of young horses, unaccustomed to travel, is chafed and scalded by the friction of the girth; the part, washed clean with a little soap and water, and then washed with a little salt and water, will immediately *^ure and toughen the skin. It often happens at little baiting places or country taverns, (met with on the road by travellers,) that towards the end of harvest, servants are apt to feed with green oats or wheat, inconsequence of the scar- city of fodder, unless otherwise directed; food of this kind is poison to a travelling horse, and will produce a harrhcua and extreme debility. It would be much -vitter he should not have long food for two weeks, than to give it to him green from the field. When persons travelling are not attentive to their horses, they are frequently given mouldy oats and corn, which is productive of the worst effects ; there being but few kinds of food that can be given a horse, that will ter- minate his existence more speedily. Many of those valuable animals have been destroyed by such means, when the owners have been frequently at a loss to know with what disease or from what cause thev had died F 79 tat AGE. To \ 2 able to ascertain the age of a horse, with tolerahie certainty, from three to nine years old, is a subject of considerable importance to every person who may have occasion to purchase. Unless we pos- sess this information, we are subject to the imposition and to become the sport of every jockey, whose vice and depravity frequently surpass those of the most untractable horse. Some judges undertake to tell the age until a horse is fifteen or twenty years old, which in my opinion is impossible ; they merely make a guess, without any rule by which they are governed, and four times out of five they labour under a mistake. If I am enabled to describe such marks and appear- ances as will make any person a judge of a horse's age, from three to nine's years old, I shall conceive I have performed a useful task, and shall be the means of preventing many impositions. Horses that have not arrived at three years of age, are unfit for use, and those that are more than nine, decrease in value with great rapidity. All that are particularly fond of horses, will always be filled with regret on viewing an elegant horse worn out with old age, yet possessing strong marks of beauty, and even former fine and graceful actions. It is to be much lamented that so beautiful an animal should so soon feel decay and be no longer useful. I shall proceed to lay down such rules for ascertaining the age of a horse, as will enable any nan to speak with tolerable certainty on that subject. FiVery horse has six teeth above and below ; befot« he arrives at the age of three he sheds his two middle v.eth by the young teeth rising and shoving the nfta AGE. ones out of their place. When he arrive, at the ago of three, he sheds one more on each side of the »< BODY. The body of a horse should be large, in \ proportion to the balance of his frame, compact, round, and swel- ling; his flanks plump and full ; and his last or small est rib, approaching near the hip bone, which is never placed too near the point of the shoulders ; the back should be very short, smooth, and nearly even, neither swayed nor humped ; the hips wide apart, full, round, and even with the body. A horse with a light flat body, open and gaunt about the flanks, with high spirit, long legs, &c. is unfit for any purpose, except for show ; and that not for more than two or three hours : for his rider, after that time, as well as every spectator, will discover him sinking under fatigue, and completely giving up. *2 /und ; not too flat nor too upright, and the bottom hollow. White hoofs are much more tender than any other colour, nor do they retain or bear a shoe so well. One that is flat, turning up at the toe or full of ridges, or flat and pumiced on the under side, strongly indicates founder or other injury. If the hair lie smooth at the top of the hoof, it is an evidence of its being good, should there be nothing unnatural in its shape ; but if tne hair stands up and appears rough, and the flesh swelled a little beyond the circle of the hoof, it is a proof the foot is in some way diseased and a ring bone may be apprehended. — ♦•©•«— MANE AND TAIL. The mane and tail of a horse, when thr hair is even, smooth, long, and well proportioned, adds much to the beauty, boldness, and majesty of his figure. Great judgment and taste may be displayed in the trimming and proportioning those two ornaments. A very large horse, even if elegant, appears mean and trifling if you attach to him a little rat tail ; one very small with a monstrous long, bushy tail ; or a square, narrow hipped, lathy horse, with a small bob tail, onl/ serves 86 EYES. to point out his imperfections, and attach to his ap. pearance an idea of insignificance and meanness. One with a remarkably long body, with a thin switch bob tail, bears no better proportion than the legs and thighs of a dwarf to the head and body. A large horse, roached and bobbed, never shows to advantage, as the appearance of the riding horse is given up, and the round and snug appearance of the nimble footed pony can never be attained. For a horse to look well with a bob tail, he should be plump, round, full, and com- pact ; but all tails that are full of hair, show to much more advantage than those that are thin and frizzled. Previous to a tail's being trimmed, great respect should be paid to the shape and proportion of the horse, and the tail should be made an equal propor- tionable part. The manes of all horses, except ponies, should be long, smooth, and reaching at least half way down the neek ; nothing can more disfigure him than a short frizzled mane : it even alters, apparently, the shape of the neck, and when once in this situation, it will take twelve months to grow of proper length. The mane of a horse may be combed two or three limes a day, as a thin mane looks well ; but his tail, if well proportioned and elegant, should not be combed oftener than twice a week. •S@9« GOOD AND BAD EYES. The eye is an organ of more use and more value thaji any that belongs to the horse, and should always undergo an examination by a purchaser with the eves. bl greatest attention and minuteness. Nothing can more affect his value than the want of vision ; as any elegant horse, that would readily command in cash two hundred dollars, it* blind, in all probability, would be wdl sold at fifty dollars, which plainly proves the necessity and importance of using on this subject the greatest caution. To give a full description of the anatomy of a horse's eye, would take up more room and time than can at present be devoted to this topic: the reader must be content with a description of those parts most familiar and most important. The eye is the organ of sight, whereby the ideas ol tall outward objects are represented to the common sensory ; its form is a convex globular, covered by its proper lids, and enclosed within an orbit or socket: the eyelids preserve the eye from dust or external injury, and an expansion of the muscles and skin, the inner membrane being of an exquisite contexture, that it may in no manner hurt or impair the surface of the eye: their edges have a cartilaginous or gristly rim, by which they are so fitted as to meet close together at pressure ; the orbit or cavity in which the eye is situated, is lined with a very pliable, loose fat, which is not only easy to the eye in its various motions, but serves to keep it sufficientlv moist, as the lachamalial glands, seated in the outer corner of the eye, serve to . moisten its surface, or wash off any dust or dirt that may happen to get into it: at the inner corner of the eye, next the nose, is a carbuncle, which some are of of inion is placed to keep that corner of the eye from being entirely closed, that any tears or gummy matter (nay be discharged even in time of sleep, or into the nunctua lucluunaiia, which are little holes for tlie 9 G 89 EVES. purpose of carrying off any superfluous moisture or tears into the nose: the eye has four coats or mem- branes, and three humours ; the first membrane is called tunika adnata, and covers all that part of the eye that in a man appears white, but in a horse is variegated with streaks and spots of brown, and being reflected back, lines the inside of the eyelids, and by that inver- sion becomes the means to prevent motes, dust, small flies, or any extraneous matter getting behind the eye- ball into the orbit, which would be extremely danger- ous : this coat is full of blood vessels, which appear in little red streaks on the human eye when inflamed, and when there is but little white in the eyes of horses, they appear fiery, and the eyelids, when opened and turned back, look red : the second coat has its foiepart very strong and transparent, like horn, and is therefore called the cornea ; and the other part, which is opaque and dark, is called the schlerotis: under the cornea lies the iris, which in a horse inclines to cinnamon colour: the middle of this membrane, or coat, is perforated for the admission of the rays of light, and is called the pupil : under the iris lies the processes ciliares, which go ofl in little rays, and 'n a sound eye are plainly to be seen. As often as these processes contract, they dilate the pupil, which may always be observed in places where the ight is small ; but in a strong light, the circular fibres of the iris act as a sphincter muscle, and lessen the size of the pupil ; and therefore a dilated and wide pupil, in ft strong light, is generally an evidence of a bad eye. Under the schlerotis lies the choroides, which is the third coat of the eye : in men it is of a dusky brown but in horses the greater part of this coat is white, which enables them to see bodies of all colours better than men in the night, as white reflects all colours EYES. 69 But horses and other animals that feed on grass, have some parts of this membrane of a light green, which enables them to see with little light, and makes grass an object that they can discern with greatest strength, and therefore it is sometimes called tunlcla uvea, from its resembling the colour of a grape. The inner- most or fourth coat is called the membrana retina, which is only an expansion of the optic nerve upon the choroidcs, and encompasseth the glossy humour like a net. By the continuation of the rays of light upon the fine filaments of this membrane, all the external images are conveyed by the optic nerves to the brain. Within the coats of the eye are seated the three humours that chiefly compose the eyeball ; the first is the aqueous or watery humour, which lies foremost and seems chiefly as a proper medium to preserve the crystalline humours from injuries in case of wounds, bruises, or any other external cause. Behind the aqueous humour lies the crystalline lens, in a very firm membrane called arena, being like a spider's web — its use is to refract the rays of light that pass through it, so that all the rays proceeding from the same point of any object, being first refracted on the cornea, may be united on the retina — the vitreous humour lies behind the crystalline, being con- cave on its foreside to make a convenient lodgement for the crystalline, and its hinder part convex agreeable to the globular form of the eye, upon which the tunica retina and choroides are spread : this humour pos- sesses a space larger than the other two, and being of a hue like a light coloured green glass, is a proper medium, not only to keep the crystalline humour and the retina at a proper distance from each other, but b\ Us colour to prevent the rays o r light falling too for 90 EVF.9. ciblv uT.nn *M 'alter, which might weaken or impaiT the si^ht. The eyes of horses difler so widely in their appear- ance, that the best judges will be sometimes mistaken as to their power of vision ; but I shall here recom- mend such modes of examination as will rarelv de- reive, having already described that organ fully, when in its most perfect state. For the purpose of making a fair trial of a horse's eyes, that you suspect to be bad, and to ascertain their quality, 1st. Have him confined in a dark stable about fif- teen minutes, then led hastily out into a strong light: if he winks fast, wrinkles his brows, throwing his head up as if desirous of receiving more light, and moves his ears backwards and forwards slowly, in an unmeaning manner, his eyes are not good. 2d. If his eyes appear sunk, with the lids shrivelled or very much swelled, it is a proof they have received an Imury. 3d. ll the ball of the eye appears covered with a film, or the remains of one about the corners, with the pupil large and light coloured, without occasionally contracting with a look wild and vacant, his eyes are diseased. 4th. ll he can be rode against a tree or any other object which he should avoid, and which should alarm him, his eyes are bad. 5th. If when moved he lifts his feet high and awk- wardly, and appears not to know where he is about to place them, you may immediately conclude he is I lind. Oth. If when rode over small gullies or old corn giound, he blunders much, and requires the constant attention of the rider to guide him, his eyes are not i^ood. EVES. OJ 7th. If you shake your hand near his eyes in such a manner that he cannot feel the wind from it, and he pays no attention to it, by winking quick, and moving his ears, his eyes are such as should not be made choice of. 8th. If at night, when you approach him with a candle, and the pupil of his eye looks large, of a light blue colour, without having near its middle, and on the upper part, little rough spots, of a dark brown colour, resembling moss, or if the pupil contains large white opaque lumps, the horse is either blind or occasionally subject to blindness, ana should be avoided by a purchaser. The eyes of some horses are very subject to films, vhich have been sometimes removed by large bleed- ngs, or the use of double refined loaf sugar, or glass Dottle, powdered. Eyes thus affected are much to be dreaded, as it is very difficult to discover them. One hard ride will make a horse blind; and one large bleeding will remove the film. To detect such eyes, examine minutely the corners, as the film leaves those parts of the eye last, and will appear there, when it has been removed from the middle of the eye fot several days. The eyes of a horse are never too large, but very frequently too small ; and when shaped like a pi^'s, are neither durable nor handsome, and form a serious objection. The wall or white eyes are truly valuable, being much hardier and less subject to disease than eyes of any other description ; for who ever recollects io have seen a horse blind, or even with diseased eyes. that had wall eyes ? and unquestionably they can see botier in the night than a horse without them. 9* W EYES. The e/es of a horse should be large, round, full lively, dark coloured, clear, and shining, that you ma)- see far into them; and when moving, but little of the white should appear. Dealers in those animals are very apt to endeavour to lead a purchaser from any defect he by chance may discover about a horse, to some part without fault, or some of his best parts ; and as to eyes, speak of them as if they were of little or no consequence. Purchasers should always be on their guard when dealing with men that possess so much artifice and cunning. **©*♦ MOON EYES. We sometimes observe the eyes of a horse to change c ilour, and to vary in appearance monthly. Eyes thus affected, are called moon eyes, from the prevailing opinion that the affection increases or decreases with the course of the moon ; insomuch that in the full moon the eyes are muddy, discharging a thin ichorous water so sharp as sometimes to excoriate the skin, and at new moon clear up again. At first appearance of this disease, the eyes are much swelled, and very often shut, and the whole eyeball of a muddy brown; the veins of the temple, and near the eyes, appear remark- ablv full of blood, and both eves are seldom affected at the same time. Large bleedings, and the eyes washed frequently in cold water, give temporary relief; hut this disease is the forerunner of a cataract, which seldom admits of a cure; the cases generally end in kindness of one, if not botn eyes. STARTING 63 The e)es of horses are very frequently wounded and injured by blows, flies, accidents, &c. which car always be distinguished from diseased eyes by a proper examination. To perform a cure, when thus injured, wash them three or four times a day in clean, cold spring water, after which repeat the washing, adding a small quantity of sugar of lead to the water, when the eye gets strong enough to open of its own accord, in the light. Should a film appear on ihe surface, (which is absolutely necessary, if the eye has received a wound, before it can heal,) take of double refined loaf sugar, or glass bottle powdered to a fine dust, a small quantity in the end of a quill ; blow it in the eye affected, every third morning for a week : bleed at least three times within the week, taking about half a gallon of blood at each bleeding; if ihe horse is not disposed to go blind, the cure will in a shoi* time be completed. -.■»e®o«"— STARTING. Horses, as wed as men, sometimes acqune ban habits, of which they can but seldom divest themselves. Starting is one among the worst habits a horse can possess, and has a tendency to reduce his value at leasl one fourth, in consequence of endangering the life ot any person who may back him. A good rider has sometimes been thrown by his horse in starting, that would have defied his agility in any other way. A rider never can guard against a starting horse, as he gives no notice of his intentions, by the moving oJ 91 STARTING. his eais, eyes, manner of going, &c. as they generally do in rearing, jumping, kicking, sullenness, and such vices. Some few horses are broke of starting by mild means, others by cruel treatment ; but whoever engages in it, at least runs the risk of breaking his own neck before his object is accomplished. A horse subject to starting, labours under an ocular deception, or rather an optic defect, seeing nothing perfectly, or in proper shape or colour; and can as easily make a scare-crow of a little bush or chunk, that may happen to lay in his road, as the most frightful object that could meet his sight. To ascertain that a horse starts, is very easy indeed. Mount him yourself, ride first slow, and then fast, towards and by such objects as are offensive to the eye, and you will readiiy discover if he possesses that bad habit. Some horses that are free from this objection, will notice particularly all objects they meet, and may sidle a little ; but a starting horse, on approaching any objec that may displease him, whether frightful or not, will either suddenly spring from one side of the road to iH other, jump back, or when going in a full gallop, stop suddenly, turn round, and run in an opposite direction from the one he was going. Such horses are neitiiei agreeable or safe for any kind of service. STUMBL1NU. { 5 STUMBLING. The stumbling of a horse may be either natural or produced by accidents, such as splint, wind galls, sinew strains, shoulder sprains, withers injured, &c. &c. but whether produced by accident or natural defect, cannot be remedied. All horses, and particu- larly those that go well, stumble more or less; but there is a very wide distinction between a light tip or touch on the foot, and a stumble that will bring a horse and sometimes his rider flat in the dirt. Horses given to tins practice, are very much lessened in value, and can never be rode by any person aware of his bad quality, without being in pain, dreading every time ne lifts his feet, that all will be prostrated in tne dust. To ascertain it a horse stumbles, 1st. Examine well his knees, to discover if they are scarred, or the hair knocked off. 2d. Take him amongst uneven ground, small gullies, or old corn ground, and let him be rode with the bridle hanging slack upon his neck, in all the dilferent gaits he has been accustomed to, and if he is in the habit of stumbling, he will very soon make a sufficient number of low bows to convince you of the fact. 3d. When a horse stumbles and immediately springs otT, appearing alarmed, it is a proof that he is an old offender, and is under the apprehension of having one other flogging added to the great number he nad, no doubt, received for the same fault. Such a horse I consider unsafe, and therefore cannot lecommend him to purchasers; he being not so good, even for a slow draft, as one possessing more activity. *n SPAVIN. SPAVIN. A spavined liorse may be considered as one com- pletely ruined, for a permanent cure can rarely be effected, if attempted, even on its first appearance. The spavin is a lump, knot, or swelling, on the inside of the hock, below the joint, that benumbs the limbs, find destroys the free use of the hind legs. It causes n horse to be extremely lame, and to experience, apparently, very excruciating pain. In the purchase of a horse, great respect should be paid to his bringing up his hind parts well, as a spavined horse never makes a full step with the leg affected ; also to the shape of his hocks, in order to discover if there is any knot or unnatural prominence about the joint, which is an evidence of the spavin. When a horse is thus diseased, he is unfit for any kind ot service, even the meanest drudgery, being in constant pain, and unable to perform. Horses sometimes have the spavin, when there is no lump apparent near the joint, the disease being seated in the joint. To detect such spavin, and to prevent a cunning fellow (who may have given the animal rest, blistered and bathed the part with double distilled spirits, and formed a temporary relief,) from imposing on a purchaser, have the horse rode in three quarters speed, about one mile out md back, occasionally fretting, cracking, and drawing nim up suddenly and short; after which let him be rode in cold water up to the belly ; then pJace him in a stall without interruption, for about half an hour, by which time h*» will be perfectly cool ; then have him led out, ar*d moved gently: if he has received a temporary CRIW BITINO. ©7 cure of the spavin, lie will show lameness. A hhstc of Spanish flies applied to the part affected (afie? shaving oft' the hair) with a bath of strong spirits 01 vinegar, and a week's rest, will frequently suspend the lameness produced by the spavin for a time, but a radical cure may not be exoected. -.«£*• CRIB BITING. Crib Biting is one amongst the number of baa habits to which some horses are addicted. It consi«ts in his catching hold of the manger, grunting and sucking in wind, until he is almost ready to burst. To discover this vice, it is only necessary to have a horse fed: whenever they eat, at least one half of his victuals is wasted, by tjeir catching hold o{ the manger, grunting, straining, and swallowing large quantities oi wind every two or three mouth fuls, which produces the cholic and other distressing diseases. Whenever this very bad habit is acquired, it is practised as long as the animal lives. Many experi- ments and fruitless attempts have been made to remedy it, but without success. An elegant horse, when once he becomes a crib biter, is reduced in value to little or nothing. lie always looks hollow, jaded, and delicate, and is incapable of rendering service in any situatior BKOREIN W1NO BROKEN WIND Broken Wind is one amongst the number ot incurable diseases to which the horse is s ubject. W hen affected with this disease, he is disagreeable to his rider, and is of but little value, however beautiful or elegant he may be in his appearance. All the boasted pretensions of farriers to cure, are vain and frivolous, since their utmost skill, now and then, can only palliate the symptoms, and mitigate their violence. It is easy to discover a broken winded horse. By giving him a little brisk exercise, he will draw up his rlanks and drop them suddenly, breathe with great difficulty, and make a disagreeable wheezing noise. The seat of the disease appears, from dissection, to be in the lungs; the heart and lungs being found of twice their natural size, which prevents their performing theii office with ease, in the action of respiration. Broken wind is sometimes produced in a horse by excessive fatigue, heavy drafts, sudden changes from heat to cold, and other cruel treatment. It would be advisable to dispose of such horses at any price, as they are not worth their feeding. This complaint, I believe, does not admit of perfect cure: but by much care may be greatly relieved. The food should be compact and nutritious, such as corn and old hay. Carrots are excellent in this case, as are parsnips and beet roots, probably on account of ihe saccharine matter they contain. I have heard that molasses has been given in the water (which should be in very small quantities) with very great «"iprv> ss . Some have used tar water; others proiso STRING HALT. W) the effects of iime water; imt the greatest dependence should be in very sparing supplies of substantia] fooa. The exercise ought to be regular, but never beyond a walking pace. If the symptomatic cough should be tioublesome, take away about three quarts of blo'.d every other day. >e®«< STRING HALT. The string halt affects horses in their hind legs, and consists in a false action or involuntary use of a muscle, which twitches one of the legs almost up to the belly, and sometimes both. The string halt is produced by a muscle being over strained, or a violent blow on the hind parts. Good rubbing, and baths ot warm vinegar and sweet oil, afford momentary relief but a permanent cure may not be expected. A horse Jius injured, is incapable of faithfully performing a journey, although he may be rode four or five miles without appearing to sink with fatigue. Such a horse is very objectionable, being uneasy to the rider, and must give pain to every peison who is in the habit of seeinsr him rode. 10 100 CHEST FOUNDER. CHEST FOUNDEIL The chest founder appears to be a disease but little understood by farriers in general; they are, however, not backward in offering many remedies, and speak of some with much confidence, when they propose performing a cure. But experience has proved, beyond the possibility of a doubt, that the chest founder is one of those dreadful diseases to which the horse is subject, that admits of no cure. I can here be of more use, by speaking of its seat, and describing its symptoms to a purchaser, than by pretending there exists, for that disease, a specific medicine, or propose its use to the owner of such an unfortunate animal. The chest founder is sometimes produced by violent exerc'se on a full stomach, and drinking large quan- tities of cold branch water ; by the use of mouldy bran, corn, or oats, or by eating large quantities o: green food, such as oats, wheat, peas, &c. while per- forming hard labour. From dissection, it appears that the seat of the disease is in the lungs ; the heart and liver are also considerably enlarged, insomuch that there is not room for them to perform their office with ease. The liver, mngs, diaphragm, and surrounding parts, are all covered with large brown spots, and are much Inflamed. A horse that is chest foundered, will straddle 01 stake with his fore legs, showing an unwillingness to bring his feet together; and if they are placed near each other, he will not permit them to remain so for a minute. Indeed they are frequently twelve 01 NARROW HEELS. 101 eighteen inches apart, which is caused by a fulness, and continual uneasiness about the chest: the cavity being too small to contain the lungs, &c. in then enlarged situation with ease. The hind legs are free from the palsied appearance of those before, and it is not difficult to distinguisn it from a common founder, as it is wanting in all its symptoms, except the stiff and numbed appearance ol the legs Large bleedings and half an ounce of aloes, given internally in a ball, have sometimes afforded momen- tary relief. No effectual remedy has yet been dis- covered. A horse labouring under this disease, is worth but little more than his board, as he is unable to bear fatigue, or undergo severe service. — e£*. NARROW HEELS, is a disease that often produces lameness without the master of the horse knowing from what cause it proceeds : often examining his legs, cleaning his hoofs, paring the frogs of his feet, &c. &c. without paying any respect to the shape of the horse's heels, which are always close together and unaturally shaped. A horse with narrow heels is unfit to travel, as he is tender footed, and goes cramped, short, and is al- ways subject to lameness, more o,- less. Narrow heels is the effect of shoes being permitted to remain on a horse that is not used, for three or low 102 SPLINT. months, which cause the heels to grow togethei, piner ing and confining the coronet. The cure is simple, though tedious. Have his shoes taken off" and his feet cut down as small as possible, without injuring the quick ; then turn him out upon a marsh or low ground, where his hoofs may be con- stantly moist for three or four months, and his heels will expand, his hoofs again assume their natural shape, and the horse will be fit for anv kind of service. «« FOUNDER. The injury sustained by horses, called founder, is sometimes the effect of the cruelty of his master, and at other times brought on by injudicious treatment ; bul it mos. frequently produced by carelessness, or FOUNDER: 111 a want of knowledge of the treatment necessary to those excellent animals on a journey. Although the horse is endowed with the strength and powers of the lion, yet he seldom exerts either to the prejudice of his master. On the contrary, he shares with him in his lahours, and seems to participate witli him in his pleasures. Generous and persevering, Fie gives up his whole powers to the service of his master; and though bold and intrepid, he represses the natural fire and vivacity of his temper, and not only yields to the hand, but seems to consult the inclination of his rider. But it must continue to be a matter of regret to every feeling mind, that these excellent qualities should be so often shamefully abused in the most unnecessary exertions ; and the honest labours of this noble animal thrown away in the ungrateful task of accomplishing the purposes of an unfeeling folly, or lavished in grati- fying the expectations of an intemperate moment. A. horse may be foundered by excessive hard rides, permitting him to plunge deep into cold water, while hot and sweating, and drinking his fill of cold pond water, eating large quantities of new corn and fodder, and then briskly exercised ; over feeding with bran alone whilst performing hard labour, drinking plenti- fully at every branch in travelling, feeding with more than a horse can eat after being half starved, violent exercise on a full bellv, or not permitting a horse who has travelled in a hot sun all day, to cool thoroughly, before he is given as much as he can eat, drink, &c. Symptoms of a Founder. — The symptoms that indi- cate an approaching founder, are so few and so ''ommon, that the most ignorant persons will rarelv be 11 112 FOUNDER. mistaken. Great heat about the legs, pastei/is, and ears, a soreness in the feet, together with a stiffness so great in all his limbs that the animal frequently refuses to move, unless force is used ; his flanks and lower part of his belly draws up, his hide becomes bound or tight, his legs thrown a little more forwaid than in his usual or natural position ; a constant thirst, and very often a considerable swelling of the ancles, &c. &c. Remedy for a Founder. — So soon as you are con- vinced that your horse is foundered, take from his neck vein at least one gallon of blood ; give a drench of one quart strong sassafras tea, one table spoonful of saltpetre, and a quarter of an ounce of asafcetida, and do not permit him to drink for five or six hours ; at the expiration of which time, should he not be evidently better, repeat the bleeding, taking half a gallon of blood, and give another drench: at night offer him some bran or oats, scalded with sassafras tea, and if it can be procured, let him have green food, fresh from the field, for it has the happy effect of opening the bowels, and cooling the system : his feet should be nicely cleaned out, and stuffed with fresh cow manure: his drink should be at least one half sassafras tea, with a small handful of salt thrown therein. By the morning, should the horse be better, nothing further is necessary, only being careful not to over feed him. But should there be no change for the better, tie a small cord just above his knees, and with a ancet or fleam bleed in a vein that runs around the coronet, just above the hoof; take from each leg a yint of blood: give a pound of salts dissolved in three half pints of water, in form of a drench; keep his feet stuffed with fresh cow manure, and bathe his legs with COLIC OR GRIPES. 1J3 equal parts of sharp vinegar, spirits and sweet 01! or lard. I3y attention to these directions, in two or three days the horse will again be fit for service. A horse in this unpleasant situation requires great attention. Whenever they are foundered, they search for a bank of manure to stand on, which should al- ways be prevented, as its heat increases the fever. Horses slightlv foundered, have sometimes been cured in a few hours, by standing them in pond water or mud, or by bleeding in the mouth, but those reme- dies are uncertain, and are not so much to be relied on as those first recommended. A foundered horse is generally very much reduced in flesh, before a cure is effected ; and is always more subject to founder afterwards. Large ridges on the hoofs, or a turning up of the feet, are strong indications of old founders or other injuries, COLIC OR GRIPES. The colic is a disease to which the horse is very subject ; and as often proves fatal, in consequence o! improper treatment, as any disease attendant on that animal. It may be produced by improper feeding, watering, or riding, and sometimes by a want of energy in the stomach and bowels, occasioning a spasmodic con- striction of the intestines, and a confinement oi air Sofne horses are naturally disposed to colic, white I 14 COLIC OR GRIPES. others, even with improper treatment, are seldom 01 never attacked with that dangerous disease. The pangs of the colic appear so excruciating, ana all the symptoms so violent, as to alarm, generally, those unaccustomed to it, and cause them to be appre- hensive of dangerous consequences ; but by using the remedies I shall here offer, the cure will be made ea^y, and the animal speedily relieved from this painful situation. Symptoms. — The symptoms of the colic commence with great restlessness and uneasiness in the horse's manner of standing, frequently pawing, voids small quantities of excrement, and makes many fruitless attempts to stale: kicks his belly with his hind legs: often looks round to his flanks, groaning, expressive of the pain he feels : lies down, rolls, gets up again, and sometimes for a moment, appears to find relief. But the pain soon returns with double violence : his ears are generally cold, and he often sweats about the flanks and shoulders : his body swelled, and he fre- quently shows a disposition to lay down in great haste. A Table for distinguishing between the Colic or Gripes, and in. jlammalion of the Bowels of Horses, by the symptoms that mark the character of each. Spasmodic or Flatulent Colic. Inflammation of the Bowels. 1. Pulse natural, though some- 1. Pulse very quick and small limns a little lower. (1) (2) 2. The horse lies down and 2. He lies down and suddenly rolls upon his back. rises up again, seldom rolling upon his back. 3. The legs and eat are gene- 3. Legs and ears generally rally warm. cold. 4. Attacks suddenly, is never 4. In general, attacks gradual- preceded, and seldom accompa- ly, is commonly preceded, and me 1 by any symptoms of fever, always accompanied by symp- toms of fever. 5. There are frequently short 5. No intermissions can '»o „b> inunnissh.nH served. COLIC OR G1IIPE*. 1 15 (1) Pulse Natural. — When in health, the pulsa- tions or strokes are from thirty-six to forty in a minute ; those of large, heavy horses being slower than those of the smaller; and those of old ones, slower than those of young animals. When either are just oft a quick pace, the strokes increase in number; as they do if he be alarmed or animated, by the familiar cry of the hounds. (2) Pulse very quick and small. — Fever, if the simple or common kind, usually increases the pulsations to double the healthy number. As the fever increases in violence, and particularly in cases of inflammation of the bowels, the pulse beats still higher, and reaches to a hundred in a minute, or more. To ascertain either state, the attendant should apply the points of his fingers gently to the artery which lies nearest the surface. Some prefer consulting the temporal artery, which is situated about an inch and a half backward from the corner of the eye. Others again, and they are the greater number, think it best to feel it underneath the edge of the jaw bone, where the facial artery passes on under the skin only to the side of the face. In either case, too great pressure would stop the pulsation altogether; though by so trying the artery against the iaw bone, will prove whether it be in such a rigid state of excitement as attends high fever; or elastic and springy, slipping readily from under the finger, as it does when health prevails, and the strokes follow each other regularly. The presence of high fever is further inai cated by a kind of twang, or vibration, given by the pulse against the finger points, resembling much such as would be felt were we to take hold of a distended whip cord or wire between the fingers and cause it to vibrate like a fu'dlestring, sharph Wheieas, 10 11 * 116 COLIC OR GRIPES. health, a swell is felt in the vibration, as if the string were made of soft materials, and less straitened. Languid ur slow pulse, and scareely perceptible in some of the beats or strokes, indicates lovvness of spirits, debility, or being used up : if this languor be felt at intervals only, a few strokes being very quick, and then again a few very slow, this indicates low f ever, m which bleeding would do no harm, &c. — [A. Turf. R. fy S. Mag.~\ Remedies. — Number 1. Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood ; take of laudanum one ounce, 01 mint tea one quart, milk warm ; mix them well in a bottle, and give the contents as a diench; let the horse be well rubbed under the belly, and prepare and give an injection of meal, water, molasses, salt, and hog's lard, milk warm. Number 2. Take of mint tea one and a half pints; gin, or any spirituous liquor, half a pint ; mix them well in a bottle, and give them as a drench, taking care to rub him well. Should it not have the desired effect in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose. Number 3. Take of camphor a quarter of an ounce oil of turpentine half an ounce, mint tea one pint; mi? them in a bottle, and give them as a drench. Confine the horse in a close stable, cover him with three or four blankets, and under his belly place a large tub oi boiling water, which will readily throw him into a profuse sweat, and relieve him from pain. Number 4. In addition to the above, clysters ought .o be administered, by injecting the following ingie- dients, viz. : water half a gallon, salt one handful, oil of any kind one pint, molasses one pint; mix the whole, and inject it; and repeat it every half hour, until the bowels are well opened. SCRATCHES. SCRATCHES. The scratches is a disease which soon places a horse in such a situation as to render him unfit for any kind of service. When it is permitted to run upon a horse for a length of time, without any remedy being applied, the ankles and legs swell very much, and lameness is produced in so great a degree, that he is scarcely able to move. The scratches are produced from many different causes, as hard riding, dirty stables, legs left wet at night without being rubbed, standing in his own ma- nure or mud, in the stall where he is confined, &c. &c. Although much inflammation may appear, and the disease discover much inveteracy, the cure is not difficult. Remedies. — Number 1. — Remove the horse to a clean stall : with strong soap suds wash his legs and ankles nicely; clean out his feet; then wash every part, inflamed or sore, in strong copperas water, twice a day, until the cure is performed : take half a gallon of blood from the neck vein, and give a mash twice a week, of one gallon of bran, one tea spoonful of salt- petre, and one table spoonful of powdered brimstone. Great attention should be paid to the cleanliness of* the stable. Number 2. After the horse is placed in a clean stall and his legs and ankles nicely washed with warm soap suds, take of blue-stone, one ounce ; of alum, four ounces, to which add half a gallon of strong de- coction of red oak bark, stir them together until the alum and blue-stone are dissolved; then wash, the cracks, sores, or inflamed parts, twice a day, and tn<» I 16 BOTS OR GRUBS. cure will be effected in a very short time. Ligjt or green food would be preferable to any other, for a horse thus diseased, until the cure is performed. Number 3. After washing the legs and ankles clean w ith soap suds, take of flower of sulphur or powdered brimstone, one table spoonful ; hog's lard, one table spoonful; mix them well together, and anoint the sores and parts inflamed twice a day. A horse will get well much sooner confined in a clean stall, than by running at large. Number 4. Boil poke-root to a strong decoction, and bathe the ankles twice a day. In all cases a clean stable will aid you much in making a quick cure of the scratches. *»@6* BOTS OR GRUBS. The bots or grubs are small worms that are found m the stomach ; their colour is brown or reddish, and they seldom exceed three quarters of an inch in lenglL At one extremity they have two small hooks, by which they attach themselves, and the belly appears to be covered with verv small feet. Thev are most fre- quently found adhering to the insensible coat of tne stomach, and then they do not appear to cause any considerable uneasiness or inconvenience. Sometimes however, they attach themselves to the sensible part, and do great injury to that important organ, producing irritation, emaciation, a rough coat of hair, hide bound unc cough. It is astonishing with what force these worms adhere, and how tenacious they are of life. BOTS OR GRUBS. 1 1 t) It is proved beyond doubt, by experiments made, that this worm, Irke the caterpillar, undergoes severaJ changes. It is originally a fly, which deposits its eggs in the horse's coat, causes an itching, and induces him to bite the part. In this way he swallows the eggs, which by the heat of the stomach are brought into life, and are sometimes so numerous as to eat their way entirely through the stomach and destroy the animal. Indeed they seldom fail to attack a hoise with great violence, whenever his stomach is empty, and endanger his life. Numberless experiments have been made upon the grubs, after they have been taken from a horse that had died, to discover what medicine would soonest destroy their lives, that could be safely given. But all endeavours as yet upon that subject, have been fruit- less. It appears that they will live in any medicine that can be given to a horse, nearly as long as they can live without eating. All the benefit that results from experience on this subject, to me, merely serves to break the hold and expf3l those dangerous worms, when they are so mischievously engaged. After describing the symptoms attending the grubs J shall offer some remedies which have saved the lives of many horses. Symptoms. — A horse attacked by the grubs, fre quently lies down and looks round to his shoulders, groans, whips his tail between his hind legs, frequently turns up his upper lip, and has a very hot fever, which mav be discovered bv feeling his ears. Remedies. — No. I. Take of copperas iwo table spoonfuls; water milk warm, one pint; dissolve :n« 120 BOTS OR GRUBS. copperas, and give it as a drench. If the horse is not relieved in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose. No. 2. Take of linseed or sturgeon's oil, one pint, and give it as a drench. If the horse is not relieved in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose. No. 3. Take of molasses, one pint; milk, one pint: give it as a drench, and repeat the dose. No. 4. Take of fresh meat of any kind (raw) half a pound, cut it into four or five pieces, and force it down the horse's throat; it will immediately induce the grubs to break their hold. No. 5. Take two ounces of ^Ethiop's mineral and give it to your horse in his feed, and in a day or two afterwards give him a purge ; then you may give him a decoction of bitter herbs, to prevent their return. No. P Give your horse (after taking molasses and milk) a quart or two offish or beef brine, as a drench. From recent experiments, salt appears to have the property of killing worms : these insects placed in c solution of this substance die immediately. No. 7. Drench the horse with half an ounce of salt- petre dissolved in common water, and in about fifteen minutes drench with half an ounce of a.um dissolved in like manner. Let the horse have no water for twenty-four hours after. An active purge will be absolutely necessary imme diately after the use of either of the above remedies One pint of soft soap added to a pint of molasses with a handful of salt, will answer very w r ell. Re- peat the dose, should it not operate in four or fivo UGU«*J* OR HAWS. 121 HOOKS OR HAWS. The hooks or haws in a horse, is the growing of a horny substance upon the inner edge of the washer 01 caruncle of the eye, which may be found in the innei corner next to the nose. When this disease makes its appearance, the washer or caruncle is enlarged with great rapidity, and the ligament that runs along the ed^e of this membrane, becomes extremelv hard, or like a cartilage, and whenever it arises to this state, it draws, compresses, and causes great pain to the. eyes, produces a tightness of the skin, a stiffness of the hind legs, and finally a general spasmodic aflection through- out the whole system. As the eyes of a horse are often inflamed, and some- times diseased, without their having the hooks, for the purpose of ascertaining the fact, take hold of the bridle, and raise the horse's head as high as you can with convenience reach: if he is diseased with the hooks, the washer or caruncle ol ihe eye, while his head is raised up, will covei at hast one half the surf u e of the eye ball. When this is the case, take a common sized needle with a strong thread, place on the horse's nose a twitch, to prevent his moving; then take in your thumb and finger the washer or caruncle of the eye, and pass the needle through it about a quarter of an inch from the outer edge, and inside the horny substance; draw it gently with the needle anu thread, until you have a fair chance of performing the operation; then with a sharp knife cut the piece out, taken up with the needle, which must not be larger than one fourth the size of a four pence half penny ; I 22 HOOKS OR HAWS. wash the eyes for two or three mornings with salt ai.d water, bathe his legs up to his belly in equal parts ol warm vinegar, spirit and oil, or fresh butter, and give a mash of one and a half gallons of bran or oats, ono table spoonful floui of sulphur, one tea spoonful salt- petre, and the cure will be performed in all probability in four or five days. Great care should be taken not to cut too large a oiece from the caruncle, as it disfigures the eves, and sometimes produces blindness. ON CUTTING OUT HOOKS OR HAWS. "Before I was acquainted with this subject, two years ago, I had two fine young horses sacrificed to this mistaken and ruinous operation. Ignorant quacks do not know that the horse has a membrane peculiar to the animal, which is at pleasure drawn over the eye. The enlargement of this, by a fever, produces the appearance, which, in jockey slang, is called the Hooks. Reduce the fever by depletion, such as bleed- ing plentifully, purging, &c. and have the horse well rubbed, and the hooks will disappear; that is, the membrane is restored to its natural size and office, which is to clear the eye from dust, &c. accidentally entering it. I need not mention the cutting out o* this useful membrane unnecessary, as I have proved the uselessness of this operation, by restoring a horse without it a few days ago. YV. V. MURRAY* I American Feu mef.] STRANGLES. . 123 STRANGLES. Thu strangles is a disease to which horses are very subject, particularly those that are young. It consists in a running at the nose, and an inflammation and swelling of the glands, about the under jaw and throat. It is sometimes attended with high fevers, destroys the appetite, causes a horse to look sad and dejected, and dwindle away in an astonishing manner. Sometimes the inflammation extends to the muscles of the tongue, and is attended with so much heat and pain, that until matter is found, the horse swallows with the utmost difficulty, unless his drink is held up to him. The strangles proceed from many causes, violent colds, sudden changes of air or climate, extreme hard labour after habits of idleness, shedding teeth, or what- ever may produce pain, or bring on a flux of humours at any critical time upon the throat and jaws, and like most other diseases, requires strict attention, for the cure to be performed in a short time. Symptoms of the Strangles. — The approach of the strangles may be known by a dulness of the counte- nance, watery eyes, a distressing cough, running at the nose, glands enlarged beyond the jaw:, loss of appetite, and a constant thirst, without o Remedy. — Take of marsh-mallows, water melon seed, and asparagus, of each two large handfuls, boi! them in three quarts of water to one quart, and add one tea spoonful of saltpetre, and give the whole as a drench, after being nicely strained Take of sweet oil or fresh butter one table spoonful, grease his sheath, and draw out gently and grease his penis, also grease the large seam from the penis up near the anus ; and with the hand, bearing a little, stroke the seam downwards to the end of the penis, for ten minutes every hour, until the horse has a urinary discharge; which, in all probability, will take place in one or two hours after taking the drench Should some blood be passed, it may be no cause of alarm, and will clearly prove there is gravel in the urinary passages. Repeat the drench in three hours, should the desired effect not be produced. *«©«♦ YELLOW WATER. The yellow water is very common in the western country among horses ; and being infectious, is some- times brought into this state by drove horses. It is extremely fatal in its consequences, unless some remedy is employed shortly after it makes its appearance. For the benefit of the public, I consider myself fortunate to be able to recommend such medicines for its euro as have been fairly tried, by a gentleman of Brunswick, and n roved effectual. 120 INFECTIOUS DISEASES. SympUms of Yellow Water. — The characteristics of this disease, are a dusky yellowness of the eyes> lips, and bars of the mouth; a dull, sluggish, appear- ance : a loss of appetite ; the excrement hard, dry, yellow, and sometimes of a pale or light green; the urine uncommonly dark, of a dirty brown colour, and when discharged a length of time, has the appearance of blood. Remedy. — Take of asafcetida one ounce; campho- rated spirits, four table spoonfuls ; warm water one pint; mix and give them as a drench, for three or four mornings successively. Take of bran one and a hall gallons, flour of sulphur one table spoonful, antimony twenty grains, saltpetre twenty grains ; mix them well together, and, with a strong decoction of sassafras, scald the bran, forming a mash, which must be given three nights in a week, not permitting the horse to get wet, or drink water, except it is milk warm. His stable should be a comfortable one, and he should have a clean bed of straw placed under him. Bleed twice in the neck vein, taking half a gallon of blood at each bleeding, within the week; let his exercise be regular and moderate, and by the expiration of nine or ten days, .he cure, in all probability, will be performed. .»&*♦ TO PREVENT INFECTIOUS DISEASES. As most diseases that are infectious endanger the l/ f e of a horse, I consider it important to every owner ot those useful animals, to be able to use a medicine that w'll act against or prevent those diseases that are INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 127 contagious. 1 have been in the habit of owning from one to eight horses at a time, for fifteen years, and in all that time never lost a horse. I cannot help believ- ing my success, in this respect, has been much in- debted to the constant use of the asafcetida, which 1 consider one of the most valuable and innocent medi- cines ever used amongst horses. It not only drives oh* diseases of almost every kind, but it keeps up the appetite, produces a remarkable fineness in the coat ot hair, and gives such life -and spirits as to induce even an old horse to attempt the attitudes and movements of the gay and mettled racer. The value of the asafcetida is at present but little know r n for the use of horses; but whenever it shall have been used or brought into notice, its remarkable effects, no doubt, will prove what I now say. Its virtues are acknowledged and remembered with pleasure, by all those who have used it in their stables. The asafcetida is produced from a plant called perennial, and is a native of Persia: it has, however, borne fertile seeds, in the open air, in the botanical garden of Edinburgh. The gum resin is producer from the roots of plants which are at least four years old. When the leaves begin to decay, the stalk h twisted off and the earth removed from about thei/ large tapering loots. The top of the root is some time afterwards cut off transversely, and forty-eight hours afterwards the juice which has exuded, is scraped oflj and a second transverse incision is made : this opera- tion is repeated until the root is entirely exhausted o juice: after being scraped off, the juice is exposed to the sun to harden. It is brought to us in large irregulai masses, composed of various little shining 'umps 01 grains, which are partly of a whitish colour, partly led- 12* 128 INFECTIOUS DISEASES. dish, anl Dartlv of a violet hue; those masses m accounted best which are clear, or a pale reddish co- lour, and variegated with a number of elegant while tears. This drug has a strong fetid smell, somewhat like that of the garlic, and a bitter acid, biting taste. The smell resides entirely in the essential oil, which arises in distillation. It is tne most powerful of all the fetid gums, and is a most valuable medicine. It acts as a stimulant, anti-spasmodic, expectorant, emmenagogue, and anthelmintic, and its action is quick and pene- trating. When a small piece of the asafetida has been placed in the manger of a horse in health, I have known him to stand for months in a stall next to one violently diseased without taking the infection, or any ill con sequence resulting from their contiguous situation. Preventive. — Take of asafcetida, one ounce, divide it and wrap each piece in a clean linen rag; nail one in the bottom of the manger the horse is fed in, the other in the bottom of the bucket in which he is watered. The above quantity will last about three months ; at the expiration of which time it must be replenished. A small piece confined to the bridle bit, will have the same eflect when a horse goes from home, or enters on a journey. ♦«©*♦ GRAVEL IN THE HOOFS. The gravel in the hoof is an incident that happens 10 horses in travelling, and is brought on by small stones or grit getting between the hoof and shoe, set- tling to the quick, and then inflame and fester ; it pro- WOUNDS. 129 duces lameness and causes a horse to undergo verv excruciating pain. The first step necessary for a horse's relief is, to have his shoes taken off and gel the stone out. You may readily ascertain where they lie, by pressing the edga of the hoof with a pair of pincers. After all the gravel is removed, which may be known by a discontinuation of the blackness of the place, the wound caused by cutting for the gravel may be easily healed by melting together equal parts of bees- wax, rosin, fresh butter or sweet oil, and pouring the mixture on the wound, warm as the animal can bear it, without giving pain. Then warm a little tar or pitch, and pour a small quantity over the wound and its neighbouring parts, to keep out the dust and defend the foot from any hard substance for a few days, by which time it will get well. ♦*©©. WOUNDS. A wound is generally defined a separation of the parts in any member of the animal body by some instrument. In all fresh wounds made by cutiing instruments, there is nothing more required than bring- ing the lips of the wound into contact, by sewing a bandage, provided the part will allow of it. Foi wounds of the hips, or other prominent parts, and across some of the large muscles, the stitches are apt to burst by the horse's lying down and getting up in the stall. In such cases the lips of the wound siiould not be brought close together — one stitch is enough 130 WOVNDS. for a wound two inches long, hu! In large wounds mey should be an inch or more apau. Should the wound bleed much from an artery's being divided, it will be necessary to secure it by pas- sing a crooked needle underneath, and tying it with a waxed thread ; but if the artery cannot be got at in this way, apply a small quantity of flour and salt to the mouth of the bleeding vessel, which will very soon have the desired effect. Care should be taken to keep it there, by. proper compress or bandage, until a scar, scab, or crust is formed, otherwise it will elude your expectations, and frequently alarm you with fresh bleedings. After the lips of the wound are brought together, by this needle or bandage, it needs only to be covered with rags, dipped in spirits of any kind, or spirits of turpentine, and a little lint placed lightly within the edges of the wound, taking great care to keep it entirely clean, with strong soap suds, and as free from motion as possible. Whenever a wound be- comes much swelled or inflamed, or discovers marks of mortification, frequent bleedings and the applica- tion of a red oak poultice or mush, will have a won Jerful effect. Should the wound be disposed to heal very rapidly, and turn out what is termed proud flesh, by washing it with a little blue-stone water, it will, in a very short time, shut in, and the wound entirely heal. The cure of most wounds is effected by the simplest methods, and it is often of much more consequence :o know how to dress a wound, than what to dress it witn, and in this consists the chief art of this branch of surgery ; for the most eminent in that profession have long discovered that a variety of ointments, kai^es, and grease, are unnecessary in the cures of most wounds and sores, and they have accordingly WOUNDS. 1J! discarded the greatest part formerly in repute for that purpose ; repeated observations having taught them, that after digestion, or after healthy matter is formed, nature is disposed to heal up the wound fast enough herself. Some respect should be paid to the diet of a horse, as bran, oats, and green food keep the bowels open, and are free from that heat which the use of corn and fodder will produce in the system. I will here ofler a few more simples that have proved beneficial in the cure of wounds, sores, &c. The first operation necessary in all sores, wounds, &c. about a horse is, to remove all dirt, matter or extraneous bodies, with strong soap suds, after which, No. 1. Take of spirits, half a pint ; alum, one ounce ; honey, one gill ; mix them well together, and wash the wound night and morning. No. 2. Take of copperas, two ounces ; clean water, one quart ; wash the wound or sore twice a day. No. 3. Take of sugar of lead, a quarter of an ounce ; fair water, one quart; use it twice a day. No. 4. Take spirits of turpentine and wet the wound once a day. No. 5. Take of blue-stone, a quarter of an ounce; fair water, one quart ; wash the wound every morning. Punctured wounds, from thorns or other accidents, are generally of the most painful kind, and require great attention ; a bread and milk poultice, or a musb made by boiling red oak bark to a strong decoction, beating the bark very fine and throwing in as much corn meal as will make it of proper consistency should be applied until healthy matter appears, to gether with fomentations : after which, to effect a speedy cure, use any of the above remedies recom- mended. (32 BRUISES Wounds in the feet, from shoeing, nails, thorns, or other accidents, are generally attended with mu",h trouble, and are often productive of very fatal conse- quences when neglected. Such wounds should have old dirt, grit, &c. carefully removed with warm greasy water ; after which, take of bees-wax, tar, and sweet oil, equal parts ; stew them well together, and fill the wound, hot as the horse can bear it without expe- riencing pain ; then pour on a little warm pitch, to prevent grit and dirt getting to the wound, and to pro- tect the foot, while sore and tender, from the hard ground. .e@9* BRUISES. Bruises proceed from external injury, and when no remedy is employed, are sometimes attended with violent inflammation, and after bursting and discharg in£ large quantities of matter, of a dark red colour and extremely offensive smell, often terminate in a mortification, which soon puts a period to the life oi the animal. Take of vinegar, one quart; laudanum, half an ounce ; sugar of lead, quarter of an ounce ; mix them well together, and apply it to the bruise three or four time* a day ; if the part bruised will admit of it, apply a flannel doubled and wet with the mixture, which will be the means of keeping the bruise continually moist 'S by tins method the swelling does not subside, applv STRAINS. 133 u. poultice made of a strong decoction of red oak bark and meal, once a day, until the swelling abates ; but in bruises that cannot, by these means, be dispersed, and by pressing with the finger you aMcover iliat mat- ter is formed, then the shortest way is, to open the skin and allow the bruise to discharge its contents : after which it will heai in a very short time, by keeping it entirely clean with soap suds alone. But after dis- charging the matter, if the wound should appear rotten and of dark colour, indicating mortification, togethe. with any very considerable inflammation, bleed plen- tifully ; feed on bran, oats, long green food, or light food of any kind, and again apply the red oak poul- tice, which will very soon cure the inflammation, cleanse and alter the appearance of the wound. After which, any of the simples recommended for wounds, may be employed in speedily healing. ■ " »X^n# < — STRAINS. Strains, in whatever part of the horse, either pio- duced from running, slips, blows, or nam riding, are the relaxing, over-stretching or breaking me muscles or tendinous fibres. A strain, unless uncommonly bad, may be cured in a short time, by applying the following remedies : Number 1. Take of sharp vinegar, one pint; spirit, ol any kind, half a pint; camphor, one ounce: mix them well together and bathe the part injured twice a 1 31 STAGGERS. day, a piece of flannel wet with the mixture and wrap ped around the part, will be very beneficial ; take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood. No. 2. Take of opodeldoc (which can be procured from any apothecary's shop) a piece the size of a mar- ble, and rub it on the strained part with the naked hand until the hand becomes dry, twice a day : shoula the injured part resist both these remedies, you may conclude the injury is a very serious one, which nothing but time can relieve, and the horse must be turned out upon grass a sufficient length of time for nature herself to perform the great operation. — •*»©©« STAGGERS. The staggers is a very common as well as a very fatal disease among horses of all ages: though young horses are more subject to it than those advanced in years. Many various opinions have been offered to the public, and some with much confidence, relative to the origin and seat of this disease. But few, if any, as vet, have investigated the subject with correctness. The staggers, in my opinion, are produced by per- mitting a horse to feed on grass in the spring and fall, late at night and early in the morning; for early in the morning and late in the evening, the fields and pastures are covered with a poisonous web, which is «pun and spread upon the grass by a small spider. So rapidiy, so industriously H ->es this little insect work, STAGGERS. 13"> that in the space of one flight, not a blade or spire of grass has been left untouched. This web, Catching the dew-drops on its bosom, causes the fields in the morn ing to glisten and sparkle as if covered with a thin sheet of ice. A horse that feeds upon a pasture in this situation must, of course, collect large quantities of this web and dew, and very often the spider itself. They act upon the horse, producing delirium, giddi- ness, apoplexy, and sometimes death. The lungs appear to be the principal seat of this disease ; for in cases of dissection they have been found much en- larged, and covered with large brown spots ; smell very offensively, and have some appearance of moi tification. The large quantity of poison thiJven into the stomach acts upon its nerves, and the sympathy that exists be- tween that organ and the large nerves of the head, accounts for the dull, giddy, and dejected countenance of the animal, and has induced many to believe the staggers was confined to that part alone. The poison is then removed from the stomach by the activity of the lymphatic and absorbent vessels, thrown into the circulation of the blood, diffused over every part of the system, and finally carried by the arteries into the lungs, through which all the blood in the body of a horse passes many times in an hour, and undergoes a change. Sometimes a determination of blood to the head takes place, which generally ends fatally, pro- ducing a furious delirium, the horse throwing him sell about with great violence, making it dangerous for any person to venture near him. Symptoms. — The symptoms of the staggers are a drowsiness, eyes inflamed, half shut, and full of tears, the appetite bad, the disposition to sleep gradually increased, feebleness, a continual hanging of the head 13 K J3() STAGGERS. or resiing it on the manger, rearing, falling, and lying in a state of insensibility, walking a small circle for a considerable length of time, the ears hot, with a burn- ing fever, &c. &c. &c. Remedy. — Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood, three times in a week ; take of sassafras tea, three half pints ; plantain juice, half a pint ; asafceti- da, half an ounce ; saltpetre, one tea spoonful ; mix and give them as a drench three mornings in a week ; give an injection composed of one pint of meal, two quarts of water, one quart of molasses and one spoon- ful of hog's lard ; let the horse be moderately exer- cised, and whenever he is standing should be well rubbed ; give a mash twice a week, composed of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of sulphur, one tea spoonful of saltpetre, one quart of boiling sassafras tea, and a eighth of an ounce of asafcetida, not per- miting the horse to drink cold water for six hours afterwards. Should he be much mended by this treat- ment, nothing more will be necessary, except feeding him on bran, or light food of any kind ; but should he appear to receive no benefit from these attentions, in four or five days, take of calomel, twenty-five grains ; of opium, two drachms; camphor, two drachms; powdered fennel-seed, one drachm ; of syrup, of any kind, a sufficient quantity to make the ingredients into a ball, which may be given every morning for four or five days, by which time the horse will get well il his disease will admit of a cure. Horses that are confined in a stable never have th< staggers ; consequently it would be advisable foi every person, whose situation will admit of it, to con fine their horses, particularly at night, during the spring and fall months MANGE HIDEBOUND. 137 MANGE. The mange in horses is a disease of the skin, which u generally rough, thick, and full of wrinkles, espe- 01 illy about the mane, tail, and thighs, and the little hair that remains on these parts stands up very much like bristles. The ears and eye-brows are sometimes attacked, and in a short time are left quite naked. The mange is an infectious disease : indeed so much so, that if a horse is carried into a stable where one that is mangy has been in the habit of standing, he will be almost certain to take the infection, unless the litter has been removed and the stable properly cleansed and aired. Proper attention will make the cure easy. Remedy. — Take of powdered brimstone and hogs /ard an equal quantity, mix them well together and anoint the part affected twice a day, bleed plentifully and give two or three mashes (composed of bran, sul- phor, saltpetre, and sassafras) within a week, by which time a cure will be performed. A clean stable and nice bed of straw will aid much in accomplishing the object in view. HIDE BOUND. A horse is said to be hide bound when his sain will not slip under the pressure of the hand, but stickt a* fast to the ribs as if it was glued. J.S8 SURFEIT. Hoises are sometimes hide bound in consequence ol feeling the effects of some violent disease, and it is often a bad symptom; but generally, this tightness of the skin proceeds from poverty, cruel usage, and sometimes from worms. The first thing necessary for performing a cure is, fo offer bettei treatment to the animal, giving him plenty of light food, such as bran, oats, &c. and a clean stable with fresh litter. Then take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood; at night give a mash com- posed of one gallon of bran, scalded with sassafras tea,- one table spoonful flour of sulphur or powdered brim- stone, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre; not permitting him to drink for six hours afterwards. On the second day, at twelve o'clock, take of cop- peras, two table spoonfuls ; of warm sassafras tea, one quart ; saltpetre, one tea spoonful , mix and give them as a drench. Have the horse well rubbed, and in a few days he will be entirely relieved. >@e* SURFEIT. The surfeit is a common disease among horses tba. have been cruelly or injudiciously treated. Sudden changes from heat to cold, plunging deep into cold water and drinking plentifully after being excessively hard rode, unsound food, being turned from a warm and comfortable stable out into the cold air, night d''ws, &c. 6ic. often produce surfeit. SURFEIT. 189 Symptoms. — The surfeit first makes its appearance with many fine and small lumps under the skin, a partial falling off of the hair, and a constant itching : at length a great number of scabs are formed, and some small ulcers, and unless some remedy is em- ployed, the whole coat of hair falls off and the norse becomes covered with scabs : the hair in the mano and tail will be nearly rubbed off, and the little remain- ing will stand erect. Remedy.— Take from the neck vein on the first and fourth days of the week, half a gallon of blood ; give a mash of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of sulphur, one tea spoonful of saltpetre, and a quart of hot sassafras tea, well mixed together, three times within a week, not permitting him to drink for six hours whenever a mash is taken. Give three drenches within the week, composed of one quart of sassafras tea, and one tea spoonful of salt- petre, each. Change the horse's litter frequently ; keep. his stable clean, and do not permit him to get wet. Take of hog's lard and sulphur, equal part?, mix them and anoint the horse where the surfeit appears worse, once a day ; and by the expiration of a week, if the horse is not entirely well, he will be much bene- fited, and nothing more will be necessary, except giv- ing him food that is light and easily digested, and observe towards him kind treatment. J3* 140 «ORE TONGUE. BIG HEAD. SORE TONGUE. Take four ounces sugar of* lead, four do. bole am- moniao, eight do. alum, burned. The whole to be put in three quarts of good vinegar, nnd the horse's mouth washed or swabbed two or three times a day, keeping the bit out of the mouth. The above is enough for six horses. [FROM THE AMERICAN FARMER.] BIG HEAD. I have noticed several essays in your valuable paper, the " American Farmer," on the subject of " big head \n horses? and as I have never seen any description of this disease, or any cure recommended, I will endeavour to communicate what my limited experience on that subject has taught me : About twelve years ago the disease made its ap- pearance in this neighbourhood, and befc re a remedy was found out, many losses were sustained, by the death of the horses which were diseased. One of my neighbours lost horses to the value of six or seven thousand dollars, among them some of the best blood- ed mares and colts. I lost one only, and the first and onl) one, a brood mare, which had it about that time. Various applications were made to cure it, such as driving in spirits of turpentine by rubbing the parts dflectcd, and holding a red hot iron near the place .♦ BIG HEAD. It) burning, bruising, and cutting, were also resorted to, but in every case that I saw or heard of, the disease terminated in the death of the animal. At length white arsenic was recommended, but by whom it was first discovered, I am ignorant. I had occasion, about four years ago, to try it on a fine Archy mare, then in foal by Archy: she was affected on both sides of the face, and I succeeded in curing her : she produced a horse colt, whilst she was under the operation of the arsenic At about two years old the colt was affected on one side of the face. I had recourse to the arsenic and completely eradicated the disorder, leaving only a slight scar, though the mucus membrane of the nostril was so much injured as to cause a difficulty of breath- ing through it. The mare was still more affected, as both nostrils were nearly closed, and her head con- tinued to be much larger than before she was taken with the disease, though generally in good order, and occasionally worked. She has, however, produced three fine colts since, none of which has as yet been affected with the big head. I designed to have trained her first colt, but in consequence of the affection of his nostril, I declined the idea. He is now four years old. enjoying fine health, and possessing great vigour as a s*allion. I am thus particular in detailing the cha- racter of the animals who have been cured, that it may be seen how little horses are affected by the dis- ease after it has been cured. I have known the arsenic exhibited in at least twenty cases, in all of which it effected a cure, and I think I can say, that it is an infallible remedy. I will now endeavour to descnoc the disease, and the recipe. Symptoms— -Loss of appetite, a drooping of the head and a disinclination to move about — a sliefbi 142 BIG HEAD. weeping from the eye on the side affected — -in a short time a local swelling appears on the side of the face in a direct line between the eve and nostril, which on being pressed hard with the finger causes the animal to wince, and by rubbing it gently with the hand, appears to gwe ease to him — an enlargement of the jaw bone, and a considerable decline in flesh. I have not discovered that the disease is attended with fever ; if it is suffered to run long, it causes an affection of the joints — they become puffed, as If inflated with wind, and in a short time those swellings become filled with pus, and ultimately break, and a discharge of purulent matter issues from the joints, and the animal falls, to rise no more without help. It is supposed to be infec- tious only in this last state of the disease. Cure. — As soon as the swelling on the side of the face appears, take a piece of white arsenic about the size of a common field pea, (or about six or eight grains pulverized and wrapped in fine paper, of a size only sufficient to contain it,) make an incision in the skin, immediately over the hard tumour, insert the arsenic (or the paper containing it,) and with a needle and thread make one suture or stitch, tie the ends of the tnread in a hard knot, bleed the horse, and turn him out alone in a good pasture, or if it is cold weather, put him in a stable, removed from other horses, and feed him on light food — in a few days the effects of the arsenic will be discoverable by a considerable swelling of the head, nose, and face, which will increase until the power of the arsenic is exhausted — if both *id2s of the face are operated on at the same time, ihe head will swell to an enormous size — in about a month, or six weeks, the arsenic will have developed 'is efficacy by the appearance of a circular piece oi BIO HEAD. » l3 skin, and the poious bone of the face which extends as far as the seat of the disease, or the influence of the arsenic on the affected part ; this circular develop- ment extends as far as the affected part only, and is quite callous and nearly detached from the sound skin, leaving the wholesome flesh in its natural state. In a month or six weeks longer, this circular part becomes entirely detached on its periphery from the sound skin, and adheres to the side of the face by a few slight integuments about its centre, which soon decays, (or it may be cut off,) and the diseased parts drop out in a mass, leaving a hideous wound; then may be seen the porous bone of the face, resembling honey- comb, which soon becomes covered with sound flesh and skin : the wound may be soon healed by using common applications, though I have made use of what we farmers in the country call pot liquor, as a wash, and anointing the place with an ointment made by bruising the leaves of the common poke-weed, (pny- tulacca decaudra) and extracting the juice by pressure, and stewing it in hog's lard, or of the Jamestown weed, or thorn apple, (datura stramonium,) prepared in the same way. These applications may be made use of with advantage as soon as it is discovered that the parts begin to separate. If the weather be warm it may be necessary to anoint the parts with a mixture of common tar and hog's lard, or the juice of elder stewed in hog's lard, in order to keep away the blow fly, which will be attracted to the parts by the oflen- siveness of the scent emitted. It cannot be expected that a horse which has thus been operated upon, will regain the beauty of his head, particularly if he be an old horse, or has been affected on both sides of the 'ace, or the disease has been suffered to run too long 144 BIG HEAD. before applying the remedy : this is evidenced by tne appearance of my mare. 1 suffered the disease to run too long, because I was fearful tnat the arsenic might injure the foal, but was induced to risk it rather than lose the mare: the stallion on the contrary, exhibits the effects of it in but a slight degree. It may be proper to remark, that a less quantity of arsenic will answer for a colt than for an old horse ; and that it ought to be inserted as high up on the face as the seat of the disease will admit of; perhaps on the upper edge of the swelled part will answer the same end. Another remedy has been communicated to me, which is much more simple ; and if it be a remedy, certainly possesses great advantages over the one on which I have been treating. I have never known it tried, but I am induced to believe that it is a remedy, both from its analogy to the arsenic, and from the authority from which I derived my information. It is this : Instead of the arsenic, take half a pint of strong ashes, (hickory 1 suppose,) put them into a tin cup, (of about a pint measure,) smaller at the mouth than at the bottom, say about one and a half inches at the mouth in diameter ; fill the cup or pot with water, and let it boil for half an hour, or until the water has been evaporated, or absorbed by the ashes, cord the horse's nose in the usual way, or otherwise confine him, in order that he may be still, and apply the mouth of the cup to the part affected, with the ashes quite hot and nearly dry, having previously covered it with a thin cloth to prevent the ashes from coming in contact with the skin of the horse, and hold it in that position until the heat has subsided, when it may be removed : in a day oi two the parts will exhibit a gluey exudation. Which will disappear in the course of a week, leaving FISTULA. 145 an inconsiderable sore like a burn, which may be soon cured by treating it as such. It may be necessaiy in some cases to make the second application. The norse may be used as usual at the time, afid when ihe wound heals up, scarcely any scar will remain. Or, Take blood from the neck vein and bathe the swell-ed parts with spirits of turpentine once or twice a week, rubbing it in with a hard brush until you dis- cover the swelling is stopped : the lumps always remain, but as they cease to grow the horse gets better. Or, Give stramonium (Jamestown or Jimeson weed) m doses of one drachm, mixed with his feed for severa! days, then turning him out for two or three months. FISTULA. The fistula in the withers, generally proceeds from some blow or bruise, and is the most disagreeable disease t( which a horse is subject. 1 would recom- mend it to every person, whose situation will admit of the sacrifice, to dispose of a horse thus unfortunately affected, for whatever sum he would bring, or even give him away, sooner than be at the expense and trouble, and run the risk of performing a cure which, if completed, would be tedious, and the horse be much lessened in value in consequence of being disfigured by the scar which unavoidably will be left. The remedy here recommended is severe, but it will have tta desired effect more speedily than any other. '46 POLL-EVIL. So soon as the fistula assumes a formidabje appear. auce, fomentations of bitter herbs should be employed, such as wormwood, camomile, bay leaves, mullen! .lfe-eveulasting, &c. boiled in water to a strong decoc- tion, and after being strained, should be applied hot as the horse can bear it without giving pain, by means of large woollen cloths. This application promotes suppuration, and when matter is formed let the tumour be opened, so that its contents may be completely evacuated ; after which let the sore be nicely washed with strong soap suds, and applv the following oint- ment once a day:— Take of verdigris, half an ounce- copperas, half an ounce ; oil turpentine, one ounce ; ointment of yellow rosin, four ounces; to be well mixed together. As soon as healthy matter is discharged from the fistula the ointment may be discontinued, and nothing more will be necessary, except keeping it perfectly clean with strong soap suds. When the fistula first makes its appearance, it may be removed or prevented by placing a rowel or selsn ip each shoulder, just below the swelled or inflamed pari which should be kept running two or three weeks. -i»«09@e« MASH. A 3iash is generally given to a horse for the pur- pose of cooling the system, opening the bowels, and for disguising different kinds of medicines which may be necessary to be administered ; which if given in any other way, would be attended with trouble and difficulty, and would not be productive of effects so salutary. Mash. — No. 1. Take of bran one gallon, sassafras tea (scalding hot) one quart, powdered brimstone one cable spoonful, saltpetre one tea spoonful. No. 2. Take of oats one gallon, flour sulphur one table spoonful, saltpetre one tea spoonful, boiling wate: one quart. No. 3. Take of bran one gallon, salts (glauber, four ounces, sulphur one table spoonful, sassafras tea ^scalding hot) one quart — let them be well mixed and given milk warm, not permitting the horse to drink cold water for six hours afterwards. BLEEPING. TO SPO'a A WHITE HOUSE. 15" BLEEDING. The bleeding of a horse is so common and simple, lhat but little instruction can be necessary for the per- formance of the operation. The blood should always be caught in some vessel for the purpose of judging ol its quantity and quality ; if after it has coagulated a light buff coloured jelly forms the surface, it is an evi- dence of the inflammatory state of the blood. Blooa drawn from a healthy horse very soon coagulates and appears like a uniformly red jelly, with a small quantit of fluid, resembling water, floating on the surface, consists of two parts —the red jelly (termed crassa mentum) and the water or serum; the former may be separated into two parts by washing the red globules and coagulable lymph. Bleeding is extremely beneficial in many diseases , and with safety from one quart to one and a half gal Ions may be taken at one time. TO SPOT A WHITE HORSE WITH BLACK SPOTS. Take litharage, three ounces ; quick lime, six ounces; beat it fine and mix it together: put it into a pan arnd pour a sharp ley over it ; then boil it and you will have a fat substance swim on top, with which anoiat the horse in such places as you design to have blarfc and it will turn to the colour immediately. 15S l>__.*i*iG. TRIBUTE TO THE HORSE. It has the same effect in changing hair that is red into a black colour, with only this difference, viz. : — Take an equal quantity of lime and litharage, and instead of boiling it with ley, boil it only with fresh water; what swims at top, is fit for use and will an- swer your expectation ; what hairs you anoint with it in the evening, will be black the next morning. *©»♦ DRIVING. It may be generally remarked, that men who drive fast have swift horses ; not that they drive fast because they have swift horses, but because fast driving makes horses swift. A horse may commonly be trained to a dull and heavy, or to an airy and fleet gait. Nature unquestionably does much ; but education does far more towards producing the great difference in the speed of horses, than most men are willing to allow. Horses are more frequently injured by driving them beyond their habitual pace, than beyond their native power. The best direction for the education of horses is, " drive jhfit and stop often." .*©*• A TRIBUTE TO THE HORSE. JOHN WALL'S RECIPE. Take half a pound of saltpetre, half a pound of dium, and half a pound of alum salt ; pulverize and mix them well together, and every eight days give mm a table spoonful in his food ; his coat, flesh, anJ spirits will soon reward his master for his rare. Jlf ULES. — «©«♦ MULE AM) HINNY, HYBRIDS OF THE HORSE AND ASS. The mule is the hybiid produce of an ass with i mare ; having a large clumsy head, long erect ears, a short mane, and a thin tail. The hinny is the hybrid produce between the sho- ass and a stallion ; the head is long and thin, the ears are like those of a horse, the mane is short, and the tail is well filled with hair. The hinny is much less common than the mule, because, being less hardy and useful than the other, he is never cultivated. The mule, commonly so called, is much valued for the saddle, and for drawing carriages in Spain, Portu- gal, Italy, and the East, and in the warmer parts of America. In those countries where great attention is paid to the breed, it is as tail as the horse, exceedingly well-limbed, but not so handsome, especially about the head and tail. These animals are mostly sterile ; some, indeed, have thought that they are altogether incapable of producing their kind ; but some few instances have occurred, in which female mules have had foals, and in which even the male has impregnated females both of the ass and horse species, though such instances are exceedingly rare. The mules made use of in the southern paits of Europe, are now brought to an astonishing perfection as well as great size. They are usually black, strong 15 " I HO MULES. weli-limbed, and large, being mostly bred out of fine Spanish mares. They are sometimes fifteen or six icen hands high, and the best of them worth forty or fifty pounds. No creatures are so proper for lar^e burdens, and none so sure footed. Tney are much stronger for draft than our horses, and are often as thick set as our dray horses, and will travel several months together, with six or eight hundred weigh) upon their backs. Some think it surprising that these animals are not more propagated here, as they are su much hardier and stronger than horses, less subject to 'liseases, and capable of living and workup to twice the a^e of a horse. Those that are bred in cold coun- tries are more hardy and fit for labour than those bred :n hot ; and those which are light made are fitter for riding than horses, as to the walk and trot ; but they are apt to gallop rough ; though these do it much less than the short-made ones. The general complaint made against them is, that they kick and are stubborn; but this is owing to neglect in breeding them, for they are as gentle as horses, in countries where they are bred with proper care. In the breeding of mules, mares that are of a very large breed and well made, should be employed. They should be young, full of life, large barrelled, but sm ailed limbed, with a moderate sized head, and a i;ood forehead. It is found of advantage to have the foals from the time of their being dropped often handled, to make them gentle: it prevents their huit- inir themselves bv skittishness and sudden frights ; and they are much easier broken at the proper age, and become docile and harmless, having nothing of that rieiousness which is so commonly complained of in these animals. Th^y may be broken at three yean MULES. 161 oid, but should never be permitted to do much hard work till four, as they are thus secured from being nurt by hard labour, till they have acquired strength enough to bear it without injury. An expert breedei of these animals found, that feeding them tou well while young, though it made them very fat, was far from being any advantage to them ; as it was not only incurring a much larger expense than was any way necessary, but also made them wonderfully nice and delicate in their appetites ever after, and also by increasing their weight of flesh, rendered them more subject to strains and hurts in their morning gambols. [Ie therefore contented himself with giving them food enough to prevent their losing flesh, and to keep up their growth without palling their appetites with deli- cacies, or making them over fat ; he also took care to defend them from the injuries of the weather by allow- ing them stable room, and good litter to sleep on, besides causing them every day to be well rubbed down, with a hard wisp of straw, by an active groom. This was scarcely ever omitted, particularly in cold, raw, wet weather, when they were least inclined to exercise themselves. When three years old, mules are proper for use. The shoe for the mule is for the fore foot very simi- lar to that which farriers call the bar shoe. It is very wide and large, especially at the toe, where it some- times projects four inches and upwards beyond the hoof. This excess is given it with a view to enlarge the basis of the foot, which is in general exceedingly narrow in this animal. The shoe for the hind feet is open at the heels like a horse's shoe; but is lengthened at the toe like the preceding one. Mules are, how- rvt^r. bv no means invariably shod in this manner: n 10*2 MULES. is not unusual to shoe them either like horses or asses, us they approach the one or the other in size or work required. -*©*- FROM THE AMERICAN FARMEJ PRIZE ESSAY. h$l f" [The premium of a silver cup, of thirty dollars value, offered by Robert Oliver, Esq. to the auther of the best essay on the natural history of the Mule, and its value for the general purposes of agn. culture, in comparison with horses, was awarded by a committee, appointed by the Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural Socie-'.f, to the author of the following essay.] A DISSERTATION ON THE MULE, With the view of promoting an improvement in the breed, and of demonstrating the utility of employing him as a substitute f 01 the horse, in the labours of husbandry, canals, tfc. By Samuel Wyllys Pomeroy. * v Opinion is the queen of the world — it gives motion tc the springs, and direction to the wheels of power." John Quincy Ad ants. " Knowledge is power." — Bacon. Soon after the accession of Charles III. to the c own of Spain, his subjects were prohibited by a severe edict, from wearing flapped hats and long cloaks; which caused an insurrection that obliged him to flee from Madrid, after witnessing the massacre of nearly one hundred of his Walloon guards ; and might have terminated in a revolution, but for a speedy revoca tion of the edict and banishment of his ministers. An eminent writer introduces the history of the occur- rence, bv observing, that " it is easier to conquer halt MULES. lf>3 the world than to subdue a single prejudice or error, most nations having a superstitious attachment to those habitudes which they derive from their ancestors, that seem to come along with them into the world, and with which they were nursed and brought up." Perhaps it may be deemed by many quite as vision- ary or absurd to attempt an introduction of the mule as a substitute for the horse, for the purposes of agri- culture and hackney employments, as was the project of the Spanish monarch for compelling his subjects to wear the French costume, to the exclusion of one they had been so long accustomed to look upon " as a dis- tinction which was the birth-right of every true Spa- niard ;" and as we may suppose, so congenial to the indolent habits for which that nation had long been proverbial. It must be acknowledged that there are serious, though I trust in this age of improvement, not insur- mountable impediments ; for we have to combat not only hereditary prejudices, or to speak more correctly such as have proceeded from a deficiency of means and want of knowledge, to develope the valuable pro- perties and to subdue propensities of a contrary cha- racter in this hybrid race, but we are met at the threshold by the same species of pride which the Spaniards manifested in regard to their costume, founded on the enthusiastic, I may almost say super- stitious, attachment to the horse. It is believed that a vast portion of our fellow citizens, and I may with propriety add the people 01 £reat Britain, from whom we have derived some inveterate prejudices as well as those illustrious exam* pies that have had such a powerful influence in leading our country to the high destinies that await her, do not 15* K>1 MULES. consider that a mule, especially a well bred one. would be in himself and in their view, one of the best formed and most distinguished of animals, if they had never seen a horse ; they must admit, however, that he holds the second rank instead of the first, and it is principally from this circumstance that so little atten- tion has been paid to him in both countries. Com- parison is the chief cause of his degradation — they look at and give their opinions not of himself, but comparatively with the horse. They seem not aware that he is a mule — that he lias all the qualities of his nature, all the gifts attached to the connecting and final link of two distinct species, and think only of the figure and qualities of the horse which are wanting in him, and that he ought not to have ; for he possesses those of more intrinsic value, which the supreme Author of nature has denied to both of his parents. There are few subjects of animated nature that have engaged the attention of the most eminent naturalists, more than the genus Equus, to which the horse and ass, with their hybrid offspring, are assigned. Lin- nceus, w T ith a view to establish, by new arguments, his doctrine, or theory of the sexual system of plants, which Spallanzani had attempted to overturn, illus- trated their generation by pursuing the chain of nature from the animal to the vegetable kingdom ; and has taken prominent examples from the tw T o different pro- ductions of mules. He says, " from the mare and male ass proceeds the mule, properly so called, which in its nature, that is, in its medullary substance, nervous system, and what Malpighi calls the keel, (carina,) bottom in sportsmen's language, is latent in, and derived from the mare. But in its cortical substance end outward form, in its mane and tail, resembles MULES. 105 the ass. Between the female ass and the horse* the other kind of mule is engendered, whose nature or medullarv substance, resembles that of the ass : but its outward form and cortical structure, or vascular system that of the horse."* The latter kind was called Hinnus by the ancients hence the modern name Hinny. They were not held in much estimation by the Romans, according to Pliny, who describes them as difficult to manage, and so slow that little service could be derived from them. Buffon has noticed this animal, which he says " is smaller than the mule, as it preserves the diminutive stature of the ass." Hinnys were seldom propagated ; but it is said that a number have lately been bred in Spain, probably in consequence of the destruction of mares in the peninsular war, and are represented of good size, and more beautiful than the mule : that is, they resemble the horse much more. I understand a few have been bred upon the Spanish Main, no doubt from a similar cause that led to the system in Spain ; and if my information is correct, some have been recently shipped to the West India Islands, but are by no means esteemed so hardy, or valuable for service, as mules. Notwithstanding mules have a disposition to propa gate, there have been but two or three well authenti- cated instances recorded of their having bred; ana those productions were considered monsters. Buffon was indefatigable in his researches on the subject : and although he admits that it is possible for both males * See *' A Dissertation on the Sexes of Plants/' by Sii Charle* liiriiiams — read before the Imperial Academy of Science.* at St Petersburgh, Sept. 6, 1760, and which obtained the premium o' one hunUted ducats. 1H6 MULES. and females to propagate, he is confident that their parents are of a species distinct from each other. He says " the ass is not a horse degenerated," as some had supposed, "he is neither a stranger, an intruder, nor a bastard ; he has, like other animals, his family, his species, and his rank ; his blood is pure and untainted, and although his race is less noble, yet it is equally good, equally ancient as that of the horse." This pro- found naturalist continues a very minute and eloquent comparison between the horse and ass ; some of his expressions I have taken the liberty to apply to the mule and the horse in a preceding paragraph. It may promote the object in view to enter exten- sively upon the history of the ass ; and we commence with the supposition, that when men became so far civilized as to have burdens to carry, or required to be carried themselves, this animal was the first domesti- cated for that purpose — and it is reasonable to infer that those of the least spirit and most tractable, were put in requisition in the first instance ; when by breed- ing in and in, without any care in the selection of sire or dam. became in process of time degenerated to a very hi r erior grade. Be this as it may, it is an unques- tionable fact that different races of the ass now exist, possessing properties as distinct as are found in the species of camel. For instance, the Bactrian or single hunched camel, called the dromedary, by far the most numeious race, being lightly formed, exhibits great activity, and is able to traverse vast tracts with the speed of a high mettled race horse. The Arabian camel, with two protuberances on his back, is con- siderably larger, of much stronger form, travels at a pace seldom exceeding three miles an hour, and is capable of conveying such burdens, that the Arab* MULES. )ccasionally out of the hand, with corn, potatoes, &c. they soon become attached; and when they find that "every man's hand is not against them," will have no piopensity to direct their heels against him, and soon r orget thev have the power. In winter they should MULES. 1«, be tied up in separate stalls, and often rubbed down. By such treatment there is not more danger of having a vicious mule than a vicious horse; and I am deci- dedly of opinion, that a high spirited mule so managed and well broke, will not jeopardize the lives or limbs of men, women, or children by any means so much as a high spirited horse, however well he may have been trained. The longevity of the mule has become so proverbial, that a purchaser seldom inquires his age. Pliny gives an account of one, taken from Grecian history, that was eighty years old ; and though past labour, followed others, that were carrying materials to build the temple of Minerva, at Athens, and seemed to wish to assist them ; which so pleased the people, that they ordered he should have free egress to the grain market. Dr. Rees mentions two that were seventy years old in England. I saw myself in the West Indies a mule perform his task in a cane-mill, that his owner assured me was forty years old. I now own a mare mule twenty-five years old, that I have had in constant work twenty-one years, and can discover no diminution in her powers ; she has within a year past often taken upwards of a ton weight in a wagon to Boston, a distance of more than five miles. A gentleman in my neighbourhood has owned a very large mule about fourteen years, that cannot be iess than twenty-eigh* years old. He informed me a few days since, that he could not perceive the least failure in him, and would not exchange him for any farm horse in the country. And I am just informed, from a source entitled to perfect confidence, that a highly respectable gentleman and eminent agriculturist, near Centieville, on the En stern Shore of Maryland, owns a mule that is I £2 STOLES. lhirty-five years old, as capable of labour as at any former period. The great Roman naturalist, in one of the most beautiful passages of his elaborate history of nature, observes that "the earth is constantly teased more to furnish the luxuries of man than his necessities."* — We can have no doubt but that the remark applied with great justice to the habits of the Romans in the time of Pliny; and I am much mistaken if ample proofs cannot be adduced, that it will lose none of its force or truth, at this present period, in all northern climates, or any section of the United States where the horse is employed for agriculture as well as for pleasure. Far be it from me, however, to disparage this noble animal ; on the contrary, I feel a strong attachment for him, and at the same time a full convic- tion, that the substitution of the mule, for the purposes before stated, as extensively as may be consistent with the requisite production of each species, will have the effect of restoring the horse to the station from which he has been degraded, and place him as in former ages, upon a more dignified footing, an object of ac knowledged luxury ; and thereby introduce a more * " It is the earth that, like a kind mother receives us at our birth, and sustains us when born. It is this alone, of all the ele merits around us, that is never found an enemy to man. The body of waters deluge him with rains, oppress him with hail, and drown him with inundations ; the air rushes on in storms, prepares the tempest, or lights up the volcano ; but the earth, gentle and indul- gent, ever subservient to the wants of man, spreads his walks with flowers, and his table with plenty ; returns with interest every good committed to her care, and though she produces the poison, she atill supplies the antidote, though constantly teased more to furnish the luxuries of man, than his necessities, yet even to the te.st, she continues her kind indulgence, and when life is over, she piously lodes his remains in her bosom." Pliny's Natural History, Book II. Chap. 63 MULES. 183 correct system of breeding and management, in which our countrymen are so generally deficient, consequently 5! Te perfect animals and such an advance in the price ot them, that will afford the farmer what he is now a stranger to — such remuneration as will make his brood mares a profitable species of stock. And it is obvious that the system will be followed by an improvement in the breed of mules, in the same ratio as the miserable race of scrub mares, which are now consuming the profits of agriculture, shall become extinct. It does not appear that the horse was employed by the ancients for any purpose of husbandry. The ox and ass drew the plough and the wain, and performed all kinds of drudgery until after the feudal system was established in Europe, when the numerous retainers of the feudal lords, who held their lands by the tenure of performing knight's service, found themselves under the necessity of making the horses they were obliged to keep, contribute towards their support in the culti- vation. From this time I believe, we may date, and from this cause may be attributed the introduction of the horse for the purposes of agriculture. Since that period, the history of Europe is little else than the annals of war and its preparations ; and no material for that scourge, except the deluded human victims, seems more necessary than the horse — accordingly w T e find that throughout the whole country, from the Rhine or the Seine, to beyond the Danube and Vistula, which has been the principal arena, the system of agriculture has embraced, extensively, the breeding of horses of different grades and forms adapted to the several usei in war. Indeed whole provinces wete appropriated almost exclusively to the rearing those animals foj disposal to the different combatants ; and it must be 17 N 184 MULES. obvious, that their general use in husbandry, a< the same time, would follow as a necessary consequence. It cannot be expected therefore, but that the Dutch and Germans who have emigrated to our country . should bring with them such strong predilections foi the horse, which have continued with most of thcii descendants, especially in those sections where com munities of that respectable and industrious portion ol our population have been located. In Great Britain, to the causes which have produced the effects described on the continent, may be added the insular position of the United Kingdoms, vulnerable from numberless and distant points, the horse has been considered, in connexion with the unconquerable spirit of the nation, as one of the most efficient means of repelling inva- sion: a circumstance that would of itself be sufficient to account for the over-weaning attachment to this animal. But identified as his services have been for a long period, with the convenience, sports, and recrea- tions, of all ranks and classes, and the science of Dreeding and training, forming a characteristic feature, it could not excite surprise, if the approach of that terrible spectre famine, should produce little or no effect in the reduction of the number. And although som^ of the most distinguished characters in the nation eminent for their practical knowledge in rural econ omy, have been for half a century advocating ttV substitution of the ox for the purposes of agriculture, and demonstrating the feasibility, economy, and vast saving of food, yet it is said the number of labouring oxen have lately diminished and horses increased. Five millions of the latter are now supposed to subsist itl the United Kingdom, and two-thirds employed in husbandry — consuming, at a moderate estimate, the MULES. 185 product of twenty millions of highly cultivated acres ! # And what is the consequence ? consumption follows so closr upon supply, that at every season of harvest, let the preceding one be never so abundant, fast sailing vesrels are found in the various ports, with their anchors atrip, to convey intelligence of the result, to all parts of the world where a surplus of bread corn is grown — exciting such an interest in our own country, that the farmer on the shores of Erie and Ontario, and on the banks of the Ohio, may be seen reading bulletins of British weather — the rain and sunshine of every day in August and the two following months — often within thirty days after the time of their publication in London or Liverpool. Can it be supposed that in a country where an attachment to the horse borders so nearly upon infatuation, that the question of the utility of the mule as a substitute, would be seriously agitated, or engage scarce a momentary investigation ? In no country is the mule better adapted to all the purposes of husbandry, for which the horse is used, than in every section of our own. And it would be highly desirable to be able to exhibit a calculation oi the actual saving, in dollars and cents, by his employ- ment — but unfortunately no correct data can be had. And as I consider such calculations, unless founded upon experimental facts, and those multiplied, to be as " tinkling cymbals," I shall merely submit a desultory * Mr. Pitt, in an able " Essay on the consumption of corn," published by the Board of Agriculture, in 1806, estimates that each draught horse, employed on roads, canals, and mines, in pleasure carriages of all descriptions, and carts in cities, consume the average product of four acres for oats and beans, and three acres for hay. It is stated in the same essay, mat " the aggregate of oats imported into England (only) for twenty years, ending in 1*97, amounted to the enormous quantity of 8,655.046 quartet »"— • •pwardp of nxty.nine million* of h>i$heh .' 186 MULES. comparison between the mule and the horse, derived from such facts as my own experience, and information from authentic sources, will justify the assumption of. From what has been stated respecting the longevity of the mule, I think it may be fairly assumed, that he does not deteriorate more rapidly after twenty years of age, than the horse after ten, allowing the same extent of work and similar treatment to each. The contrast in the mule's freedom from malady or disease, compared with the horse, is not less striking. Arthur Young, during his tour in Ireland, was informed that a gentleman had lost several fine mules by feeding them on wheat straw cut — and I have been informed that a mule dealer, in the western part of New York, attributed the loss of a number of young mules, in a severe winter, when his hay was exhausted, to feeding them exclusively on cut straw and Indian corn meal. In no other instance have I ever heard or known of a mule being attacked with any disorder or complaint, except two or three cases of inflammation of the intes- tines, caused by gross neglect in permitting them to remain exposed to cold and wet, when in a high state of perspiration after severe labour, and drinking to excess of cold water. From his light frame and more cautious movements, the mule is less subject to casualties than the horse. Indeed, it is not improbable, but a farmer mav work the same team of mules above twenty years and never be presented with a farrier's bill, or find it necessary to exercise the art himself. Sir John Sinclair, in his " Reports on the Agricul- lure of Scotland," remarks that " if the whole period of a horse s laoour be fifteen years, the first six may r>e equal in value to that of the remaining nine: there- fore, a horse of ten years old after working six yean MULES. 18? may be worth half his original value." He estimates the annual decline of a horse to be equal to fifty per cent, on his prce every six years, and supposes one out of twenty- five that are regularly employed in agricul- ture, to die every year : constituting a charge of four per cent, per annum for insurance against diseases and accidents. He considers five acres of land, of medium quality, necessary for the maintenance of each horse, and the annual expense, including harness, shoeing, farriery, insurance, and decline in value, allowing him to cost two hundred dollars, to exceed that sum about five per cent, which is the only difference between the estimate of this illustrious and accurate agriculturist, and that of a respectable committee of the Farmers' Society of Barnwell district, South Carolina, who, in a report published in the Charleston Courier, of 23d of February last, state, that " the annual expense ol keeping a horse is equal to his value !" The same committee also state, that " at four years old a horse will seldom sell for more than the expense of rearing him." That " the superiority of the mule over the horse, had long been appreciated by some of their most judicious planters — that two mules could be raised at less expense than one horse — that a mule is fit for service at an earlier period, if of sufficient size — will perform as much labour, and if attended to when first put to work, his gait and habits may be formed to suit the taste of the owner." This report may be con- sidered a most valuable document, emanating as it does, from enlightened practical farmers and planters. in a section of country where we may suppose a horse can be maintained cheaper than in Marvland or any vS'ate farther North. J am convinced that the small breed of mules will consume less in proportion to the labour they are 17* 1 88 MULES. capable of performing, than the large race, hvA 1 shaf: confine the comparison to the latter — those that stand from fourteen and a half to rising of fifteen hands, and equal to any labour that a horse is usually put to. From repeated experiments in the course of two win- ters, I found that three mules of this description, that were constantly at work, consumed about the same quantity of hay, and only one fourth the provender that was given to two middling sized coach horses moderately worked. And from many years' attentive observation, I am led to believe that a large sized mule will not require more than three-fifths to two-thirds the food to keep him in good order, that will be necessary for a horse performing the same extent of labour. Although a mule will work and endure on such mean and hard fare, that a horse would soon give out upon, he has an equal relish for that which is good ; and it is strict economy to indulge him, for no animal wih pay better for extra keep, by extra work. But if by hard fare, or hard work, he is reduced to a skeleton, two or three weeks' rest and good keeping will put him in flesh and high condition for labour. I have witnessed several such examples with subjects twenty years old ; so much cannot be said of a horse at that age. The expense of shoeing a mule the year round, does not amount to more than one-third that of a horse, his hoofs being harder, more horny, and so slow in their growth, the shoes require no removal, and hold on till worn out — and the wear, from the lightness of the animal, is much less. In answer to the charge generally prevalent against the mule, that he is " vicious, stubborn and slow," 1 rat assert, that out of about twenty that have been employed on my estate, at different periods during a coiuse of thirty years, and those picked up chiefly oo MLLES. ]8 I account of their size and spirit, wherever they could be founa, one only had any vicious propensities, and those might have been subdued by proper management when young. I have always found them truer pullers and quicker travellers with a load, than horses. Their vision and hearing is much more accurate. I have used them in my family carriage, in a gig, and under the saddle: and have never known one to start or run from any object or noise : a fault in the horse that continually causes the maiming and death of numbers of human beings. The mule is more steady in his draught and less likely to waste his strength than the horse: hence more suitable to work with oxen; and as lie walks faster, will habituate them to a quicker gait. — But for none of the purposes of agriculture does his superiority appear more conspicuous than ploughing among crops, his feet being smaller and follow each other so much more in a line, that he seldom treads down the ridges or crops. The facility of instructing him to obey implicitly the voice of his driver or the ploughman, is astonishing. The best ploughed tillage land 1 ever saw, I have had performed by two mules tandem, without lines or driver. There is one plausible objection often urged against the mule, that " on deep soils and deep roads, his feet being so much smaller than those of the horse, sink farther in ; but it should be considered that he can extricate them with as much greater facility. Few can be ignorant of the capacity of the mule to endure labour in a temperature of heat that would be destructive to the horse, who have any knowledge ol the preference for him merely on that account, in tne West Indies, and in the Southern States. It is full time to bring our comparison to a close, 'vhich I shall do by assuming the position, that tlw 190 MULES. farmer who substitutes mules for hoises, will .lave this portion of his animal labour performed, with the expense of one spire of grass instead of two ; which may be equal, so far, to making "two spires grow where one grew before." For although a large sized mule will consume somewhat more than half the food necessary for the horse, as has been observed, yet if we take into account the saving in expense of shoeing, farriery, and insurance against diseases and accidents, we may safely affirm, that a c'?ar saving of one half can be fully substantiated. But in addition to this, the mule farmer may calculate, with tolerable certainty, upon the continuation of his capital for thirty years : whereas the horse farmer at the expiration of fifteen years, must look to his crops, to his acres, or a bank, for the renewal of his — or perhaps, what is worse, he must commence horse jockey at an early period. The intense interest with which the public mind is at present occupied on the subject of canals now in operation and progress, encourages me to offer the mule as an important auxiliary in the economy of their management ; as I trust, it will not be denied, that on the cheapness of transportation on them, depends their utility as well as profit to the stockholders. The mule seems so peculiarly adapted for the labour on canals, that compared with the horse, he may be considered almost equal to a locomotive p< wer engine. Among the advantages we have enumerated respecting his use in husbandry, the most of which are applicable to canal labour, that of the much greater security from diseases ond casualties, which must necessarily require a great number of supernumerary horses, to prevent interrup- tion in the line of passage, is not the least important, nor is the very trifling expense at which the mule can i»e supDorted during the winter months, as he will bea» MULES. I'll oeing taken off his feed till the boats are about to be launched in the spring, and in a few days can be made rit for efficient duty — while a horse will require at least half feed if he does nothing, or must be fed high for some time before he can resume the labour that will be demanded of him. The same advantages may be derived by his employment on railways. In a communication published in the Utica Observer, the 10th of May, inst. by Henry Seymour, Esq. one of the canal commissioners of New York, it is stated that a packet boat on the Erie Canal, requires a team of three horses to tow sixteen miles, going eighty miles in the twenty-four hours, including stoppages and detention at locks ; the relays demanding fifteen horses for each nautical day. If it takes five days for a boat to be towed from Lake Erie to the Hudson, seventy-five horses will be required. I am not certain but it may be done in a less time, but as there must always be supernumeraries kept, we shall be within bounds to estimate that number. In the same communication the expense of each horse is estimated at fifty cents per day, I presume for subsistence only, without reference to interest or deterioration of capital, for the object of the estimate seems merely to show a comparison between the packet boats and freight boats, on a ques- tion of profit and loss: as it is remarked that "many contingent expenses might be added to both." Taking this data, it will cost thirty-five dollars per day for the horse subsistence of a single packet boat. The freight boats require two, and allowing for the time occupied in taking in and discharging their cargoes, wy mean.* of newly stripped sheep skins put on hot. Perhaps if '.he body were previously rubbed with oil of turpentine one part, and common oil two parts, it might assist Wilkinson's plan. When locked aw arises from nicking, it might be prudent for a veterlnar* 204 DISEASES OF HORSES. ne and sometimes both that are so attacked, become again clear *nd well, and remain so an indefinite period, from five or six weeks to as many months. Another attack, however, sooner or later follows, to which others succeed, each leaving increased milkinesa on the outer coats, and some dimness within the pupil, either speek- iike or diffused ; and finally the horse becomes blind from cataract. When one eye goes blind totally before the other, it is often a means of preventing the future attack on the remaining one : which has given rise to a custom of putting out one eye to save the other, and which has succeeded. As this is a constitutional disease, brought on by artificial habits, as over exertion, close unhealthy confinement, and heating food ; so it is clear the abstrac- tion of all these are necessary to remove the complaint, and to prevent a recurrence ; but particularly the close, dark, and unven tilated state of the stable should be attended to, as well as the removal of the litter, which retains the volatile alkali of the urine, and Irritates the eyes most injuriously. The food should be mild and jooling, and the exercise moderate but long continued. Under the 'leight of the attack, however, rest is advisable, with, moderatw !igl», whi.-'h may bo still further moderated by keeping over the *»Vb or eyes a thick cloth, wet with goulard water. (Vet. Ph. 154." bamctimes one quarter of vinegar to three quarters of water ha? 19 208 DISEASES OF HOUSES. been found a useful application, and which ever is ute destroyed 25. Diseases of the month, tampan. All horses, but particularly »erv young on^s, are liable to enlargement oC the rugnn or r dgw 21/> DISEASES OF HOUSES. of the f alate, dependent not on any local disease confined to tnt part itself, but occasionally by an affection of the whole passage o the mi uth, throat, and stomach. It is usual to attend to the pai only, which is sacrificed or burnt to little purpose, when a mild doso of physic, or gentle alteratives, would prove more certain expedi. ents ; to which may be added rubbing the part with bay salt, ji with vinegar. 26. Bridle sores. When the bit in colt breaking, or in hard pulling horses, has hurt the bars, care is requisite to prevent the bone becoming carious. Touch daily with aegyptiacum, and cover the bit witli leather, unless total rest can be allowed. 27. The teeth, which present themselves on the lower parts of the jaws, are the incisive and canine. The two front incisives are properly called nippers or gatherers. The two next adjoining separators or middle teeth, and the outer, the corners ; but it would be more indefinite to say the first, second, and third inci- sives, beginning at the corner. Tusks or tushes occupy a part of the intermediate space between the incisive and grinding teeth. — The teeth, as criteria of age, will be seen by reference to Mason, (page 72.) The teeth of the horse are the hardest and most compact bones of the body. There are usually »forty of them in the horse, and there are thirty-six in the mare ; in which latter, the tushes are usually wanting. In anatomical language, they are divided into i'leisores, cuspidati, and molares, or according to the language of firriers and horsemen, into twelve nippers, four tushes, and twenty- four grinders, which numbers are equally divided between the two jaws. The teeth are received into indentations or sockets between the bony plates of the jaw, called alveoli, by cone-like roots. The bodies of the teeth are principally composed of two substances, one of the nature of common bone, giving bulk and form, and one of extreme hardness, placed in man and carnivorous animals wholly without the teeth to give strength and durability : but the horse and other granivroaa, the latter particularly, is placed in the grinders, rn perpendicular plates, within the body of the teeth ; by which contrivance, a rough grinding surface is kept up ; for the mere mny parts wearing faster than the lamella* of enamel, it follows ..nat ridges remain to triturate the vegetable matter that passes be -ween the teeth. There are two sets of teeth, a temporaneons or milk set, and a jenhaiient or adult set, ir. which wise Drovision, man and mort DISEASE* (JF nous us, 2\\ o\ ;tes participate. The nnik set are some of them, as the molars, a^arent at birth ; there being usually six grinders in each jaw, tin e on each side in the new born foal, and which number of this Bet it, never increased. The nippers begin to appear soon aftei birtl*, and follow a regular order of succession, until the animal is three -*r four months old ; at which time he begins to require support f r om herbage as well as milk. The temporaneous set re- move g.ttdually one after another; had they all been displaced at ho sam*. time, or even had several of them fallen out together, the mimai m««st have suffered great inconvenience, and perhaps have jeen starv» soon as the temporaneous set falls out, the perma- nent appears : and that such appearance follows the necessity, is evident; for a premature or accidental removal of the colts' teeth is soon followed by the appearance of the others. Dealers and breeders aware of this, draw the milk teeth to make their colls appear as horses. It was necessary there should be two sets of teeth, for as they grow slowly in proportion to the jaws, so hau there been but one only, the disproportion of growth between tho teeth and jaws must have separated them. The forms of the teeth vary more than their structure. The inci sive or nippers are round, which is favourable for the pressure they undergo ; the upper more so than the lower. On the upper surface a hollow is seen in the young tooth, which, not extending through the whole substance, naturally wears out with the wear of the tooth ; ind as a considerable degree of regularity occurs in this wearing i ivay in all horses, it has gradually settled into the general criterion »f age. The nippers are not all of them exactly similar ; the corner eelh differ most in being exactly triangular, and in having an nterval wall or side, which does not become level with the rest until .ong after the others. The cuspidate tusks or tushes are permanent, Appearing at about five years, or rather earlier; those in the front /aw are usually nearer the nippers than those below. Each pro- Bents a slight curve, which follows the direction of all the canine or pugnatory teeth of other mammalia. The pointed extremity wears away by age, leaving merely a buttoned piocess, which may 19* 21* DISEASES or HORDES. icrve as a guide tc the age, when the hors-o «? .,ticspt>oied t< bi» fcishoped, as it is called, from a man of that nam*? fcno was peculiarly dexterous in imitating on old teeth the distinctive cavity of youtU The molar or grinding teeth are stronger in tne upper than in the lower jaw ; which was necessary, as they torm the fixed point in the process of grinding. The upper su/t'ace presents nearly a lonu square, indented from the alteration of the enamel with the bony portions; and as the interior or upper teeth hang over the posterior, so the ridges of the one set are received into the depressions of the other. Wear of the teeth. The teeth, in a state of nature, would probably present a surface opposed to each other for mastication to the latest period of the most practised life ; but the removal of the animal rrom moist food to that which is hard and dry, must occasion an unnatural wear in those organs; and hence, although the teeth of the horse, even in a domesticated state, are not subject to the caries of the human ; yet the grinders are liable to become thus injured by continued exertion. In the young or adult horse, the upper and under grinders do not meet each other horizontally ; on the con- trary, they have naturally an inclination obliquely inwards, and those of the upper jaw present small spaces between each other, while those of the lower are more continuous t by which means as I he food, but particularly as interrupted portions, as grain, become ground, they fall into the mouth to be replaced under the grinding surface, if necessary, by the joint action of the tongue and muscles of the cheek. This arrangement becomes in a great measure frus. trated in old horses, by the superior wear of the inner surface ol the upper grinders, as well as by the general misapplication of the surfaces of both upper and under teeth, by constant attrition when worn down to the gums nearly. The unfortunate animal feels sensible of this, and endeavours to remedy it by throwing the wear on the outer edge, by an inclination of the lower jaw and of the head in general ; and which is so particular in its appearance as to engage the attention of the by-standers. This defect may be in a considerable degree remedied by casting the animal, and having opened and wedged the mouth so as to keep it so, with a well tern, pered concave file to remove the inequality as much as may be. When the defect is considerable, and the horse is mild and quiet, it is better to file the inequalities every day, which will gradually but effectual Iv wear them down. It however happens, that the inclina- tion thus to wear is commonly resumed, and gradually the same loss of nutriment takes place ; in which case, soft moist food, as ca. masne-is. •toiling, or grazing, must be substituted fo* hardei DISEASES OF HOUSES. 2 IK •ub?:ancea, and if corn be actually necessary, let it be bruised W henever an old horse betrays symptoms of want of condition, o-. weakness and emaciation, that neither his mode of feeding nor hia ratio of work will account for, and particularly if whole grains* should be found in his dung, his teeth should be examined care- fully. This undue wearing of the teeth occasions another evil often, which is ulceration of the cheeks, by reason of the projecting ragged surface of the uneven teeth, which can only be remedied by th« removal of such portions. These projecting portions are called b) farriers, wolve's teeth. Diseases of the Neck. 28. Fistulous withers are brought on usually by pressure from k •addle with too low or narrow a tree, and what has been said both with regard to prevention and cure on the subject of poll-evil, ap- plies here also. (116.) 29. Sore throat is common to horses in colds, in influenzas, and in strangles. (13, 22.) In every case, the horse finds crrcat difficulty in reaching every thing that stretches his neck downwards or up. wards, his water therefore should be held to him, and his hay should be pulled for him ; omission of these services greatly aggravates the sufferings of horses labouring under sore throat. 30. Swelled Neck. A very serious swelling sometimes follows on bleeding with a rusty or poisoned lancet, or fleam, and some, times from causes not apparent. (126.) The Chest. 31. Inflammation of the lungs, is a disease to which the horse is peculiarly liable, as we might a "prion suspect, from the vast dimensions of his circulatory system, and the vast alteration from a natural state to which we subject him, and thereby increase his pul- monary circulation. 32. The causes are these deviations remctery, hut the immee ar.s attack is generally brought on by sudden cold, acting on a heated surface, and thus it. is that knackers, and collar makers in frosty Heather expect a glut of horses that die fiom this disease. Hard riding is a very common cause, and high feeding also ; it often commences slowly ; a hard dry cough has been slightly noticed, bu« 214 DISEASES or HORSES. occasioning no alarm for two or three days; gradually, however the cough appears to give the horse pain ; he occasionally shivers and his ears and feet feel colder than the rest of his hody, he heaves at the flanks, and the lining of his nose is inflamed, and his eyelias also ; the appetite now becomes aflected and although there is not much apparent pain, except when the horse coughs ; yet there ia much anxiety of countenance present. The pulse is usually small, but quick ; if in this state the horse be taken out and exercised quickly, it is almost always fatal to him ; it likewise happens that this complaint is sometimes mistaken for distemper, and from a fear of profuse bleeding, the only remedy that is to be depended on, is omitted, and the horse is lost. At the veterinary college, in these eases, a small dose of aloes is given every six hours, and after being bled and rowelled, the horse is turned out in the open air ; and it is affirmed that many recover from this treatment. Certain it is, that the stable in which a horse is placed in this disease can hardly be too cool ; but when entirely turned out, his feet and legs cannot conveniently be hand-rubbed, or bandaged up to promote circula- tion ; neither can we blister a horse when turned out, so conve- niently ; and on blistering we depend as the second source of cure 33. The. treatment is to be commenced by attempts at lessening the action of the arterial system by early and large bleedings, a? seven or eight quarts from a large horse, and which should be re- peated in five or six hours if he be not relieved in his breathing. Immediately rub into the brisket, on the chest, and behind the fore legs, the blister. (Vet. Pha. 138, No. 1.) Give half a dose of physic, and assist it by mashes and warm water, which if not readily taken, horn down. Back-rake also, and throw up the laxative clyster. (Vet. Pha. 143.) Avoid all exercise, clothe moderately, allow a free circulation of cool air through the stable, and rub the legs frequently, and when not under this process, keep them bandaged up to the knees, with hay bands, or woollen cloths. The terminations ol this complaint are various. It is not uncommon for the horse to appear better, to eat and to drink, and to excite every hope of a perfect recovery ; but on some sudden exertion he falls down and expires. On examination after death, it is found that effusion oi a large quantity of serous ffuid has taken place in the chest. 34 Thick wind is another termination of pneumonia \y leaving \he bronchial passages charged with coagulated blood. Moderate exercise and soiling in the stable with mild mercurial physic, form the best modes of treatment, but it frequently happens th<*t the fou^n resists all these and terminates in broken wind. DISEASES OF HOUSES. 21.1 35. Rt>arin^ is also a termination of pneumonia, in winch r.asn the lungs are not affected, but congealed blood, under the name «1 coagulable lymph, remains in the trachea or windpipe, and obstructs the free passage of the air ; by means of which the roaring noise i* made. It is in vain to expect a cure : blistering the throat some- times slightly relieves it. 36. Chronic cough is also a termination of pneumonia, and ap pears dependent on a peculiar irritability the disease leaves in tho bronchial passages, which are found afterwards incapable of bearing any sudden alteration of temperature ; thus horses with this kind of cough are excited to it as soon as the stable door opens, and by every exertion, by drinking, by eating, and in fact by any thing that alters the situation of the body, or is new to the part. But besides pneumonia or inflammation of the lungs producing it, it is often brought on likewise by gross feeding, which, weakening the stomach, impoverishes the blood, and thus injures the lungs which are fed by that blood. Worms also by the same means are a cause of chronic cough. It is thus that we expect to derive benefit by mediums acting on the stomach. Green food is often found useful, but particularly carrots. The hay should be excellent in quality and small in quantity ; and it will be found that soiling in the stable, but particularly a course of carrots, forms a better plan of treatment than turning out. If worms be suspected, treat as under that head. [57.] Formula? of chronic cough balls are seen in the Vet. Pkarm. [148.] 37. Broken wind is also sometimes brought on by pneumonia, and sometimes by occult causes. It is often occasioned by over exer- tion after full meals, in which the lungs become permanently weakened, perhaps ruptured in their air cells. Inexperienced per- sons find some difficulty in detecting broken wind from other chest uffections, as chronic cough, occasional colds, &-c. &c. 38. Criteria of broken wind. The cough which accompanies oroken wind, is a short, deep, hollow, grunting noise, and the shorl grunting expiration is peculiarly excited by turning a horse quickly round, striking him smartly with a stick at the same time, ^vhich )ften produces a deep sound without the cough ; and which is sc significant as nevei to be mistaken when once heard and attended to. but the principal peculiarity arises from the beating of the flanks, which operate rather by three efforts than two as usual In the first, the air is drawn in, in the usual manner, and the flank? fill up as in common ; but in tho next, the falnrg of the dankfc it tlfi DISEASES OF HORSES. by no means i\v;ural, for it is not done by a gradual sinking of the cities, but it takes place at once, with a kind of a jerk, as thougn the. norse were sighing ; and then a third effort takes place by a more slow drawing up of the muscles of the belly and flanks, t« press out the remaining air. Broken wind destroys the fecundity of the mare, and hence argues permanent alteration of structure ; it is also always incurable, but horses may be rendered very useful that have it, by feeding them very nutritiously, but with food much condensed in bulk. Little hay should be allowed, and that little should be wet ; water in any other way should be given but spa. ringly, for which they are however very greedy ; from which circum- stance, as well as that they are peculiarly flatulent, we learn, that the vitiation of the lungs is either aggravated by the deranged stato of the digestive organs ; or, which is more probable, that the diges- tive powers become weakened from the state of the lungs. 39. Diseases of the belly. Inflamed stomach seldom attacks the horse as an idiopathic affection, but it is not unfrequent for the stomach to become inflamed by mineral poison as well as rendered inert by vegetable ones. 40. Mineral poisons inflame the stomach acutely, and produce excessive distress, and cold sweats; the animal lies down, rolls, gets up again, looks short round to his ribs, stamps with his fore feet, and his pulse beats quick and short. When arsenic or corro- sive sublimate have occasioned the malady, a viscid mucus distils from the nose and mouth, and the breath is foetid. When copper in the form of vitriolic salts, or verdigris has been given, to the foregoing symptoms are usually added ineffectual attempts to vomit. Immediately after the poison is discovered, pour down two ounces of sulphuretted potash, in a quart of water; or in the absence of that, an ounce of common potash in the same quantity of water : or, when no better substitute is at hand, even strong soap suds are advisable. Mineral poisons have also another mode of acting, and are often received into the constitution, neither by design to do mischief, nor by mistake, but are purposely given as remedies. — In this way, Dotn mercury and arsenic are frequently given for worms, glanders, farcy, &c. in daily doses, which, w r hea even ot considerable magnitude, occasion for many days no inconvenience * *L at on< e, however, the constitution becomes fully saturated with the poison, and although before diffused througbout the blood, it now appears to return and act on the stomach to the great surprise ot the owner. In these cases the symptoms are not usually so v*»lent as in the former instance, but they are equally fatal. \ DISEASES OF HORSES. %Vi «itnilar treatment with the one already prescribed is necessary, anfl as soon as the first symptoms are abated, give laxatives. In all tnese cases large quantities of linseed tea should be horned down, the back should be raked and clysters thrown up, blood should a!xo 00 taken away plentifully. As a preventive to this latter mode ol poisoning, whenever mineral agents are used, it is prudent eveiy five or six days to stop a while, and then recommence, by which whe constitution will part with the previous quantity. 41. Salivation is also another mode of poisoning, and though not equally injurious to the stomach, it often proves distressing, and sometimes fatal. Whenever, therefore, mercurials are given, care- fully watch the gums, and as soon as they look red, and the horse quids his hay, give him a mild purge instead of his mercurial. 42. Vegetable poisons also inflame the stomach, but by no means in an equal degree with the mineral poisons, nor is it supposed that it is the inflammation they raise that proves destructive, hut by an effect communicated through the stomach to the nervous system. Digitalis purpurea or foxglove, taxus baccata or yew, cenanthe crocata or water dropwort, cicuta virosa or water hemlock, phellun- drium aquatic urn. or water parsley, conium maculatum or common hemlock, are all poisonous in a high degree to horses, and may be taken accidentally by the animal as food, or given injudiciously as medicine. Nicotiana, or tobacco, and the vegetable acid of vinegar, are also poisonous, and are sometimes productive of injurious con. sequences by over-doses, when intended as remedies. It is little known that a pint of strong vinegar has destroyed a horse. As we cannot remove the matters from the stomach, we must endeavour to neutralize their effects, by acids and demulcents, as oil, butter, &c. Thus, when narcotics have been taken, a drachm of sul- phuric acid or oil of vitriol may be given in a quart of ale; or six -ounces of vinegar, wit.li six of gin, and a quart of ale, may be trieo. 43. Stomach staggers. This peculiar complaint, which is even V^t but little understood, appears dependent on a particular stata 3f stomach, acting on particular foods; and not on what is taken in, acting on the stomach, as was supposed by Coleman, White, and others. From later communications of White, ho also now ap pears to consider it as originating in "a particular state of stomach.' Blaine appears always to have characterized it as * a specific inflam ; nation of the stomach." It appears among horses of every descrip- tion, and at grass as well as in the stable, and there is reason to «-.'»uik it epidemic, as it is prevalent in some seasois more tha* 218 DISEASES OF HORSES. »n others. It may, perhaps, u, e regarded now anu then as enoemie also: under which circumstance it appears confined to low wfi situations, where long marshy grass is abundant, and where noxiou9 aquatic plants mix themselves with the grasses. When it occurs at grats, the horse is found stupidly dull, or asleep with his head resting against something. This has occasioned the disease to r»e called the sleepy staggers, and it has often been confounded with the phrenitis or inflammation of the brain. (8.) In the stable the hjrse dozes, and rests his head in the manger; he then walks up and falls to eating, which he continues to do until the distention of the stomach becomes enormous ; for the peculiarity of the com- plaint consists in the total stop that is put to digestion, and tho uneasy feel of the distension consequent to such indigestion appears to deceive the horse, and by a morbid excitement to force him to take in more. In this way he continues eating until the distention prevents the return of the blood from the head, and the animal dies apoplectic, or his stomach bursts with over-distention. More fre- quently, however, the stomach becomes flabby, inert, and paralytic, and after death presents marks of inflammation towards the pylorus. 44. The treatment. When recovery has taken place, it has occurred only when the disease has been very mild, and has been assisted by stimulating the stomach into action by purgatives, at once active and invigorating, as an ounce of aloes dissolved in a half pint of gin. When a horse of extreme value is attacked, croton oil might be tried to the amount of 20 or 25 drops in two ounces of tincture of aloes. Warm water in small quantities, or mixed with common salt should be frequently passed down. Remove every eatable, rake, clyster, and hand rub ; and if the determination to the head be extreme, bleed — otherwise avoid it. 45. Inflammation of the bowels, enteritis, or red colic, is a very distinct disease from the gripes, gulliou, or fret, with which it is. however, very apt to be confounded to the destruction of many horses. The peritoneal inflammation of the bowels, the one hero treated on, is an affection of tiieir outer covering. 4G. The causes are various. It is not unfrequently brought on by a sudden translation of cold after great heats, as swimming during nunting, or from the removal of a horse from grass at once into neated stables, clothing and hard food ; neglected gripes, or long continued costiveness, excessive riding, and the immediate drinking of cold water, have brought it on. It begins by restlessness, loss of apuetite, some uneasiness; the mouth is hot and dry, lue inwt DISEASES OF HORSES. iilO membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyelids are often redder than natural As the disease advances, the pain, before not violent now increases so as to force the horse to lie down and rise again frequently ; and when very violent, he kicks at his belly, or looks round at his sides, pawing nis litter very frequently. The pulse i» usually small, quick, or hard ; sometimes it is more full and small but always hard. Breathing- is quickened, the extremities are alternately hot and cold, but continue longer cold than hot ; and the animal is costive ; sometimes pain may force away a few har- dened balls of foeces, but the principal contents are retained. Blaine has given the distinguishing features between this disease and colic, under which head we have stated them. 47. The treatment must be active and immediate, or a fatal ter- mination lrr.y be expected. Begin by abstracting a considerable quantity of blood ; from a large horse to the amount of 7 or 8 quarts; proceed to back-fake, throw up a large clyster of warm gruel. Give bv the mouth, a pint of castor oil, mixed by the means of the yelk of two eggs, with half a pint of broth or gruel. Or, give olive oil instead, following it up in half an hour by a gruel drench in which six ounces of Epsom salts have been dissolved. A sheep skin, im. mediately as it is removed from the sheep, may be applied to the be' j. which should first be well rubbed with the stronger liquia blister. (Vet. Pha. 141.) In four hours repeat the bleeding, if con- siderable improvement have not taken place, and if the bowels be not unloaded, give more oil, and clyster frequently, having first back-raked. Avoid exercise ; first hand-rub, and afterwards wrap up the extremities to the knees. As a clear passage for the dung is found, the symptoms mitigate, and the animal slowly recovers , but he must be fed at first very sparingly. 48. Inflammation of the inner surface of the intestines is, in some measure, different from the former, which is rather an affection of tlleir outer covering ; whereas this is usually confined to their villous surface, and may be brought on by superpurgation from ovei -strong physic, or from mineral acids being taken in, particularly mercu- rials, which often exert more influence on the bowels than on the stomach. It differs from the former in the symptoms being gener- ally accompanied with purging ; neither is there usually so much pain or uneasiness present, nor such cold extremities, but where from the violence of the inflammation these symptoms are present bleeding to the amount of three or four quarts is a proper pra jminary, but can hardly be with propriety continued. The same tunulants to the outside of the belly should be used as in tne las' 20 2*>0 DISEASES OF HOUSES. HiKease but here clothing is recommended as well as warmth in the stable, as also hand-rubbing to keep up the circulation of the extremities. Give astringent drink (Vet. Pha. 131, No. 1 or 2., with a pint of boiled starch every three hours, and give the same by clyster with two quarts of pot liquor, or tripe liquor, free from salt 49. Dysenteric inflammation of the horse's boicels is happily not ▼cry common, but now and then appears, and is then called by farriers, molten grease; they mistaking the morbid secretion from the intestines, for the fat of the body melted down and passing off thus. But dysentery is a peculiar inflammation of the mucous sur face of the intestines, not contagious as in the human, nor epidemic, nor exhibiting a putrid tendency ; but is peculiarly confined to a diseased increase in the mucous secretions, yet very different from simple diarrhoea, which is a mere increase in the peristaltic motion, by which the common aliments are quickly passed through the intestines, and ejected in a liquid form by an increase in their watery secretion. Whereas in the dysentery of the horse, the mucous of the intestines separates from them in large quantities ; and comes away with the dung surrounding it; but when it does not pass in this way it appears in membranous films like sodden leather, or in stringy evacuations, like morsels of fat floating in water ; sometimes there is a little bloody appearance. The usual symptoms of fever are always present, but not in a very high degree. 50. The causes are cold, over-riding, and not unfrequently acrid substances within the intestines: change of food has occa- sioned it. 51. The treatment. In the first stages bleed considerably, and give as the first internal remedy six ounces of castor oil, which will amend the faecal evacuations considerably, afterwards administer the rollowing; powdered ipecacuanha, a drachm; powdered opium, a scruple ; liquid arrowroot, eight ounces. Should this not check the evacuation, and should it continue as mucous as at first, again give castor oil, and then follow it up by either of the drinks directed »oi tne cure of scouring or looseness. (Vet. Pha. 131.) 52. Diarrhoea or looseness. This complaint originates in an in ereased peristaltic motion of the intestines, with an increase of their watery secretion, and is distinguished from dysentery by th rt i»u.-ging being complete from the first, and seldom occasioning much kvw or disturoance in the general health, unless exceedingly "o DISEASES OF HOUSES. '2'2\ font. The stools are merely solutions of the aliment, and unmixed with membranous films as in dysentery or molten grease. It some rimes succeeds to over strong physic, at others the food enters into new combinations, and forms a purge. Some horses have the>r bowels constitutionally weak, as lank-sided small carcassed ones, where the mechanical pressure hurries the contents forwards. Sal; mashes and sea water will purge horses violently sometimes. It is always proper to encourage warmth in the skin, and to change the food. The change should be generally from one more moist to one less so, as beans, &c. Barley will sometimes stop looseness ; malt usually increases it. Buckwheat is often a check to habitual diar- rhoea. Efficacious astringents will be found in the (Vet. Pha. 131 ) Repeat either of these night and morning. Give but little water and that little warm. 53. Colic, flatulent or spasmodic, called also gripes, fret, or gul- lion, is an important, because a frequent, disease, and because it frequently destroys either quickly by its irritation, or by its de. generating into the red or inflammatory colic, when improperly treated or long continued. It is usually very sudden in its attack. 54. The causes of colic are not always apparent. It is sometimes occasioned by intestinal stones, which accumulate to a great size, remaining for years in the cells of the colon, until some accidental displacement occasions an interruption to the peristaltic motion. Cold in its various forms is a parent of colic ; but under the form of cold water given when a horse is hot, it is most common. In some horses it is so frequent as to become a constitusional ap- pendage. 55. The distinguishing marks between colic and inflammation of the bowels are gained, according to Blaine, by attending to the following circumstances. In gripes the horse has violent fits of pain, but they remit, and he has intervals of ease. The pain in red colic is more uniform and less violent. In gripes the pulse is, in general, natural ; in red colic it is quicker than natural, and com. it only small. The extremities are not usually cold in gripes; in red colic they usually are. In gripes, the horse attempts to roll on his back, which in red colic he seldom does. There are no maras of fever with gripes, as red eyelids, inflamed nostrils, &,c. but m red colic they are always present. When the complaint has. con. tinned some hours it is always proper to bleed to prevent its ending in inflammation : bleeding in the mouth is quite useless. Back rake, and throw up clysters of warm water, one ifter nnojier \x 2!22 DISEASES OF HORSES. fast as possible, which often overcomes the irritation. La Fossa recommends a curious remedy, but as it can always be obtained, and has the sanction of long experience, it may be tried. An onion if. pounded and mixed up with some powdered savin; in default of winch, use powdered ginger. . This is to be introduced up the rec turn as high as possible, and the horse is to be then moved briskly about. An onion put up the fundament whole, has long been a domestic remedy. The following is recommended by Blaine : spirit of vitriolic ether, an ounce; powdered opium, one drachm; oil oj turpentine, three ounces; warm ale, a pint. He also recommends the following more simple remedy as always at hand : the expressed juice of two or three large onions ; common gin, common oil, of each half a pint; mix and give. White recommends a pint of brandy, or of gin, with water, as an excellent carminative. Clark, who has expressly written on gripes, extols the virtues of a mixture thus made ; which, if it have the qualities he attributes to it, and which there is no reason to doubt, no agriculturalist, coach, or post master should be without it: pimento berry, called also auspice, ground tine, half a pound; spirits of wine, and of water, o- each a pint and a half ; infuse these together, and keep it for use. Give a quarter of a pint every hour until full relief is obtained ; hand-rubbing, wisping, or fomenting the bowels with hot water at the time. 56. Inflammation of the intestines from wounds in the belly fre quently occurs ; and these injuries may happen in leaping over hedges or pale gates, or may be inflirt:d by the horn of a cow. Sometimes the strong tendinous covering of the belly is ruptured, while the skin remains entire : the gut then protrudes and forces out the skin into a tumour. The first thing to be done is to put the gut back, taking care at the same time, otherwise extensive inflammation follows, to remove any dirt or other matter that may be sticking to it ; for which purpose, should it be found necessary, it may be washed with warm water, but with nothing stronger. If the gut cannot be returned, from its being full of air, and the opening in the belly be too small to put it back again, such opening may be carefully enlarged to the necessary size. But if the animal can be thrown upon his back conveniently, a great deal may be done tnat cannot otherwise be accomplished ; after the gut is returned, the skin only should be stitched up, and a cushion of several folds if old linen and tow being placed on the wound, it should be kept •n its situation by means of a wide bandage rolled round the body, •mii carefully secured. The animal should then be copiously bled, and have his boweis emptied by clysters. The only food he should oo allowed is grass, or bran mashes and that only in moderate DISEASES OF HORSES. ^23 «j in.ity. When the distention of the intestines wholly prevents tiwir return, it would be prudent to puncture them with a very fino instrument, and thus to suffer the air to escape, which, although subjecting the horse to the risk of inflammation, is better than the certainty of death by having the intestines protruded. 57. Worms of horses are found, as bots, in the stomach, but which as they attach themselves to the hard insensible part of that organ seldom do harm. Clark fancifully supposes they do good, and devises means for furnishing them when not in existence. The hot is the larva of the ojstrus equi, a fly which deposits its eggs on parts of the horse himself, from whence they pass into the stomach by being licked off. Certrain it is they get there, are hatched, and there remain hanging to the coats of it by two tentacular, receiving tb« juices of the masticated food as nutriment. After a considerable time they make their way out by the anus, drop on the ground, and are first transformed into the chrysalids, and afterwards into parent flies. When bots fix themselves on the sensible portion of the stomach, they may do harm ; but no medicine that we knew of will destroy them. The teres or large round worm sometimes occasions mischief, when it exists in great numbers, such as a starting coat, binding of the hide, irregular appetite, and clammy mouth. The best remedy is the spigelia marylandica or Indian pink, in daily doses of half an ounce. Tania are not common in the horse : now and then they exist, and are best combatted by weekly doses of oil of turpentine, three ounces at a time, mixed by means of the yelk of an egg with half a pint of ale. The ascaris or thread worms, are best removed by mercurial purgatives. The existence of worms may be known by the appearance of a yellow matter under the tail, and by tbe disposition the horse has to rub his fundament. Blaine rrcummends the following vermifuge : powdered arsenic, eight grains; pewter or tin finely scraped; Venice turpentine, half an ounce; make into a ball and give every morning. He also recom- mends salt to be given daily with the food, which agrees with our own experience as one of the best vermifuges known. It is a fact acknowledged by the residents along the sea-coast, that horses troubled with worms will often voluntarily drink largely of sra water, and thus cure themselves. 5b. The diseases of the liver are acute inflammation or hepatitis, mid chronic inflammation or yellows. Hepatitis is the acute inflam- mation of this organ, which like the lungs, stomach, and intestines rmy spontaneously ^ake on the affection. The symptoms are not sulike those which attend red colic, but with less violence, it it 20* 224 DISEASES OF HOUSES. je not however arrested, the termination will be equally fatal. About the third day the whites of the eyes turn yellow and the mouth also. Bleeding, blistering, and purgatives form the method of cure as practised in red colic. 59. Chronic inflammation or yellows. The liver of horses is less complex than that of any other animals, and is therefore not very liable to disease ; indeed some authors affirm titat the horse is nevejr affected with jaundice, but that the yellowness of skin is a mere stomach affection: this is, however, erroneous, and not only does the liver become hardened and thickened occasionally, but the bile becomes diseased, and is thrown out in that state by the blood over the body. If fever be present, bleed, but if the symptoms present no token of active inflammation, give each night, ten grains of calomel, and every ten days, work it off with a mild dose of physic. It is, however, necessary to remark ; that it is not every yellowness of the skin that be».OKens either an acute or chronic inflammation of the liver. It is the property of every serious inflammation of any of the important organs of the chest and belly, to communicate a portion of the evil to the other organs immediately in conjunction with the liver : thus an affection of the stomach or intestines, of the inflammatory kind, very often occasions redness of the membranes of the nose, eyelids, &c. &c. GO. Diseases of the urinary organs. Inflammation of the kidneys, is an idiopathic affection, not one of frequent occurrence ; but as hrought on by injuries, such as over-riding, heavy loads, or violent diuretics, it is not unfrcquent: when idiopathic, it may be the effect either of cold, heating food, or a translation of some other inflam- mation, in which cases it comes on suddenly, and assumes the same febrile appearances that other intestine inflammations produce ; but there is not often great apparent pain, but a frequent inclination to stale, the quantity made being so small as almost to amount to a stoppage of urine, which is less or more complete as one or both kidneys are affected. What little urine is made, is also at first very thick, and then bloody. When the disease is the effect of external injury, the urine is not so scanty, but is more bloody ; and this symptom precedes the other. There is usually much pain and stiffness about the loins, and we learn from Blaine, that a swelling and a paralytic affection of the Mnd leg of the side of the affected Kidney, sometime!' is a feature in the complaint. ">To distinguish this inflammation from that of the neck or body of the bladder, with which it may be confounded, the same author recommends % hut toe hand be passed up the rectum, when if the affection belong DISEASES OF HOUSES. 22 to the kidneys, the Madder, whether full or empty, will not be ho*Ae» than usual; hut the contrary occurs when any part of the bladde is the seat of the disease. 61. The treatment must be active, and in most respects similar to what has been recommended for red colic, as regards bleeding emptying the bowels, and endeavouring to lessen the arterial action by bleeding ; but here we must carefully abstain from irritating the kidneys by diuretics internally, or blisters externally. A newly srtipped sheep skin placed over the loins, or active fomentations ol h(t water, are the only sources of counter irritation that are proper neither should diluting liquors be pressed, on account of the dis tcition they occanon, but no evil can arise from clystering. 62. Inflammation of the bladder. When the body of the bladder necomes inflamed, there is frequent staling from the very first attack ; but when the neck of the bladder is the seat of the evil, the bqueezing out of a few drops will only take place when the bladder has become filled, which may bo known by passing the hand up the rectum. The treatment will be alike in both cases, and is the same as recommended for the last affection. It must be evident, that warm, mild, and frequent clystering, must here be peculiarly advisable. 63. Stranguary or suppression of urine; incontinence of urine; bloody urine. Stranguary may arise from an injury done to the kidneys, or to the bladder, by strains, or by the absorption of irri- tating matters. In these cases, bleed if there be fever, and if not merely give the horse absolute rest ; mash him, give gruel, and warm his water for drink. Bloody urine should be treated in the same way ; some horses have such a natural or acquired weakness of the kidneys, as to stale blood with their urine on every occasion of over exertion : the means frequently used for relief, are sucn aa aggravate the complaint, and indeed are often the occasion or' it, which are diuretics. Strong diuretics injure horses more than strong physic, and benefit them less than any other of the popular means made use of. In retentions of urine, but particularly in cases of bloody urine, they are absolutely improper. 64. Diabetes, profuse staling, or pissing evil. This disease is more frequently forced on the horse, by long continued diuretics, or from a similar effect, brought on by kiln-dried oats, mow-burni hay, or some green vegetables, than aequiied from constitutional indisposition. The hjrse first stales often, and profusely, he then Oftcomes weak and fail t. and s\v«:it.s on any exertion. If >t be it ali *J2t> DISEASES OF liOKSEfe. •.onstitutional, his hide is bound from the beginning, And nis urine nil have a sweet taste ; but if his appetite were good and his coa*. leek, bright, and elastic, when the urine was first observed to be aimoderate, the evil arises from some fault in the feeding, clothing, ixercise, or other management of the horse. Examine into these natters, particularly into the food, and next the water. Inquire vhether diuretics have been given, under an erroneous supposition »f increasing the condition, and alter what may be amiss. If this do not remove the complaint, try the following, after Blaine's direc- tions : liver of sulphur, two drachms; uva ursi, four drachms; oak bark, one ounce ; catechu, half 'in ounce ; alum., half a drachm; givo as a daily drink in a pint of water. 65. Stone or gravel. Calculous concretions are not uncommon in the large intestines of horses, where they grow sometimes to an enormous size, lodged in one of the cells usually, and where they occasion but little inconvenience, except a displacement occurs, when serious evils, as colic, inflammation, or total stoppage, follow. In the bladder, stone is very seldom found ; and there is reason to believe, that though gravel is a common term in the farrier's list, that it seldom if ever occurs ; injuries of the kidneys and bladder being usually mistaken for it. Diseases of the Skin. 66. Mange is a contagious disease, not uncommon among low Dred and badly kept horses, but which is seldom generated in those properly managed. When it is the effect of impoverished blood, a different course of feeding must be substituted, not heating, but cooling, though generous; as carrots, speared oats, malt mashes, stable soiling, &c. When it arises in full fed horses, bleed twice, lower the feeding, substituting for corn, soiling, carrots, or bran mashes. Give a nightly alterative, (Vet. Pharm. 129, No. 1 or 2) and dress with either of the mange dressings. (Vet. Pharm. 171.) After a cure has been effected, carefully clean all the apartmpnt* with soap and water. 67. Suifeit will now and then degenerate into mange y but more generally it is brought on by a fulness of habit, acted on by sudden transitions from cold to heat, or heat to cold : it is likewise not '.infrequently the consequence of over-fatigue. If it show a dispo- sition -o spread, and the skin become scaly and scurfy, treat as undei mange, otherwise treat as directed under Want of condition. (4) 68. Warbles are of the nature of surfeit in many instances, in •thers thev are brought on by I he pressure of the saddle, which DISEASES OF HORSES. 2*21 oilbcr nuppuraie and burst, or become indolent and remain unde» the name of stlfasts. In the early state, bathe them with cham ber-ley or vinegar: If the}' proceed to suppuration, refrain, and when they neither go back or come forward, put on a pitch plaster, and if this do not promote suppuration, let the sitfast be dissected out. G9. Warts are common to old horses, and had better be put up with unless they be situated in some very inconvenient or con spicuous part. In this case tie a thread tightly around the root, and the wart will drop off, or it may be cut off. Blaine recom- mends the following, when warts are too numerous to be sc removed: crude sal ammoniac, two drachms; powdered savin, one ounce; lard, an ounce and a half. 70. Hide bound is a state of the skin, where the interstitial matter between that and the fleshy pannicle is not in a state to allow ot its pliancy and elasticity. The binding down of the hide thus closely, acts on the hair, which it protrudes in a contrary direction to its naturally inclined position ; and thus a staring coat usually accompanies hide binding. In considering the subject of condition (4) we have seen tnat it t s not a disea.se of itself, but is in every instance a symptom only. Glanders and Farcy. 71. The glanders is the opprobrium medicorum, for hitherto no attempts have succeeded in the cure of more than a few cases. Bf some peculiar anomaly in the constitution of the horse, although conclusive proofs are not wanting that this and farcy are modi- fications of one disease, and can each generate the other; yet the one is incurable, while the other is cured every day. When glan- ders has been cured, the time and labour necessary to accomplish the end has swallowed up the value of the horse ; and has also, >n many supposed instances of cure, left the animal liable to future attacks which have occurred. The experiments on glanders, pu sued at the veterinary college and Dy White of Exeter, have thrown great light on the disease itself, its causes, connexions, and con- sequences; but have done little more. From these we ;ire led to conclude, that glanders will produce farcy, and that farcy cap oro. luce glanders. That glanders is Highly infectious, and that pact) infection may be received by the stomach, or by the skin when it ;s at all abraded or sore : and it is also probable that it is received by the noses of horses being rubbed against each other. White # rxper'inenls go to prove that the air of a glandered stable is n»»l 228 DISEASES OF HORSES. mfectioii3 ■• but this matter is by no means certain, and should a+h be depervded on without a greater body of evidence. 72. The marks of glanders are a discharge of purulent matter from ulcers situated in one or both nostrils, more often from the left than the right. This discharge soon becomes glairy, thick, and white-of-egg-like : it afterwards shows bloody streaks, and is fetid. The glands of the jaw of the aifected side, called the kernels, swell from an absorption of the virus or poison, and as they exist or do not exist, or as they adhere to the bone or are detached from it, so 6ome prognosis is vainly attempted by farriers, with regard to the disease ; for in some few cases these glands are not at all affected, and in a great many they are not bound down by the affection of the jaw. As there are many diseases which excite a secretion of matter from the nose, and which is kept up a considerable time ; sc it is not always easy to detect glanders in its early stages. Stran- gles and violent colds, keep up a discharge from the nostrils for weeks sometimes. In such cases a criterion may be drawn from the existence of ulceration within the nose, whenever the disease has become confirmed. These glanderous chancres are to be seen on opening the nostril a little way up the cavity, sometimes immediately opposed to the opening of the nostril; but a solitary chancre should not determine the judgment. The health often continues good, and sometimes the condition also, until hectic takes place from absorp tion, and the lungs participate, when death soon closes the scene. 73. The treatment of glanders, it has been already stated, is so uncertain that it is hardly worth the attempt; however, when the extreme value of the horse or the love of experiment leads to it, it may be regarded as fixed by experience, that nothing but a long course of internal remedies, drawn from the mineral acids, can effect it. These have been tried in their endless variety : White recom- mends the mildest preparations of mercury, athiops mineral ; under the conviction that the more acrid preparations disturb the power* of the constitution so much, as to destroy as effectually as the disease. At the veterinary college the sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) has been long in use. Others have used the sulphates oj »ron and zinc. Clark recommends the daily administration of a drink or ball, composed of the following ingredients : sulphite oj tine, li> grains; powdered cantharides, 7 grains; powdered alL tpice, 15 grains; of which he gives one or two extraordinary pjoofs of utility. 74. The farcy is a disease more easily cured than the glandcr* *f *nich ou' daily experience convinces us ; farcy, or farcin attack* DISEASES OF HORSES. 229 tinder distinct forms, one of which affects the lymphatics of the skin and is called the bud or button iarcy ; the other is principally con- fined to the hind legs, which it affects by large indurations, attended with heat and tenderness. A mere dropsical accumulation of watei in the legs sometimes receives the name of water farcy ; but this has no connexion whatever with the true disease in question : farcy is very contagious, and is gained from either the matter of farcy or fram that of glanders. 75. Treatment of farcy. The distended lymphatics or buds may often be traced to one sore, which w r as the originally inoculated part, and in these cases the destruction of this sore, and that of all the farcied buds, will frequently at once cure the disease, which is here purely local. But when the disease has proceeded further, the virus must be destroyed through the medium of the stomach ; although even in these cases, the cure is rendered more speedy and certain, destroying all the diseased buds, by caustic or by cautery Perhaps no mode f wood, some of the thrush paste (Vet. Pharm. 133,) smeared on tow, which wb enable it to be held within the cleft, especially if it be guarded by splints of wood passed under the shoe; renew the dressing daily; turning out to grass may be practised to great advantage for thrushes by this mode of dressing. 104. Sand cracks are fissures in the hoofs, commonly of mose before, and usually towards the inner, but now and then towards the outer quarter also, from above downwards: from the crack, a Utile oozing of blood or moisture is seen : and the sensible parts underneath getting between the edges of horn, being pressed on, lame the horse. White recommends to fire the fissuie crossways, so as to destroy the connection between the divided and undivided parts of the hoof. 105. Pricks or punctures of the feet are often very serious evils, either when received by nails in shoeing, or by one picked up in the road, &,c. The danger arises from inflammation, which is always great from any injury done to the sensible and viscular parts within the foot. This inflammation quickly proceeds to suppuration; and the matter is apt to make its way upwards, unless it find a ready rent below. When it does not break out at the coronet, it will often penetrate under the sole, and finally disease the bones, liga- ments, or cartilages, and produce quittor. It is very seldom that a horse is pricked in shoeing, but that the smith is aware of it by the peculiarity of the feel on the hammer, and by the flinching of the animal. At such times were he to immediately draw the nail a little, enlarge the opening, and introduce some spirit within the puncture, uothing would occur; but on the contrary, he sends the horse home to avoid trouble, who, the next, or following day, is found lame, with his foot hot, if the nail be not driven too near the sensiblo lamina:, it will only require to be removed to free the horse from his evil ; but if it have been driven through, and have wounded them, then suppuration ensues, and on examining the foot by the. pincers when the shoe is removed, he will flinch at the pressure on the diseased part. It is probable, on the removal of the shoe that matter will at once flow out at the immediate nail hole, if not, the drawing knife will soon deteet the injury. If the heat be great, and insteao of matter, bloody dark ichor flows out, wrap the foot up in a poui lice ; but if healthy matter flows out this will not be necessary , Bometiine.-- it is requisite to detach all the horn that is undcrrun by • he matter. But when the injury has not proceeded to tnis extent, *pply over the part a pledget of tow steeped in friar's balsam , tack 2 10 DISEASES OF HORSES. or the stroe lightly, and retain the dressing oy means of splints which are thin pieces of wood passed under the shoe; repeat the dressing daily, and avoid moisture, which would encourage quittor A nail picked up on the road, and which passes through the eole below or through the frog, is to be treated in the same manner, and also when the matter breaks out at the coronet ; but when a nail is picked up and penetrates the coffin joint, which is known by the synovia or joint oil appearing, such opening should be immediately stopped by paring towards the wounded joint, and then applying a heated budding-iron, not to the capsular ligament itself, but to the skin immediately near it; if this be inconvenient, put a pledget dipped in a little butter of antimony, just within the opening, but do not press it into the cavity of the joint: if this be insufficient to stop the flow, but more particularly if the original wound be pene- t-ated to the bone, it is probable that the bone itself will become in some measure diseased, which is known by the rough grating felt at the point of the probe when passed. In this case, enlarge the opening so as to be able to scrape the diseased bone away. Bruises of the sole, from whatever cause, will all fall under some of these points of view, according as the case may be. 106. Quittor and canker are the consequences of these injuries, when neglected, or originally extensive. In these cases either tho bones, ligaments, or cartilages, or all, become diseased ; and a cure can only be obtained by removing the diseased parts by the knife or by caustic. 107. Treads, over-reach, tyc. A wound on the coronet is not uncommon from one foot being placed on the other ; or the hinder foot may strike it, &c. First wipe away the dirt, and remove any loose edges that cannot unite ; avoid washing, unless stones and dirt are suspected to be within, and bind up, having first placed over the wound a pledget of lint or tow moistened with balsamic tincture, or tincture of myrrh, or of aloes 6lc. Over-reaching, or over-stepping, is often an injury done to tne fetlock joint before, by the hinder foot, or to the back sinew higher up. Sometimes it is simply a violent bruise, at others the laceration is extensive, in which case treat as a tread ; and when no laceration has taken place treat as a bruise or strain- 108. Cutting is a defect to which some horses are liable from their form, as when they turn their toes out, or have bent legs. Others cut only when they are lean, which brings their le^s nearer together. Weak horses cut because thev cross their bg.s when VETERINARY OPERATIONS. 211 'atigued, and young unfurnished horses cut at youthful periods and /row out of it afterwards. The part an which a foot interferes with the opposed limb is very different. When it strikes the shank high tip it is called speedy-cut, and is best remedied by wearing kne<* bo jts or rollers. When it is at the fetlock the cutting is at the side, or rather backward, according to circumstances. Some horses cut by th" side of the shoe, others by the hoof at the quarters ; and some by the point of the heels. It is to be remarked, that it is better to put no with the evil of cutting, than to do as is too frequently done, which is, to pare away the hoof until it excites contraction. The shoe m?,y be feather edged, or may be set a little within the cutting quarter; but by no means alter the size or form of the hoofs them- selves, and particularly avoid taking liberties of this kind with the fore feet. Boots or rollers, are but little trouble to put on, and when not buckled too tight never injure : whereas to allow a horsa to continue to cut produces a callus, and often throws the animal down. •9©$m- VETERINARY OPERATIONS. J 09. The general practises to be here enumerated are chiefly the treatment of wounds, the application of fomentations, setons, blisters, clysters, and physicking, and the operation of castrating, nicking, bleeding, &e Treatment of Wounds. 110. A wound must be treated in some measure according to the part of the horse's body in which it happens : but there are some principles to be observed alike in all horse surgery. There are likewise a few, which, as they differ from the principles of humar surgery, should be first noticed, and which should guide the p.-ae tice of those who might be misled by analogy. The wounds- o* horses, however carefully brought together and confined in their •it nation, as well as shut out from the stimulus of the externa, air are seldom disposed to unite at once, or as it is called in surgical language, by the first intention. It is always, therefore, necessary to expect the suppurative process ; but as the adhesive inflammation % ZVZ VETERINARY OPERATIONS. does now and then occur, we should never wash with water *i other liquids a mere laceration, if no foreign matter, as dirt, &o oe suspected to be lodged within it, still less should we stuff it with candle or tents of any kind. On the contrary, it should be care- fully and smoothly brought together, and simply bound ip in ita own blood ; and if it do not wholly unite at once, and by the first intention, perhaps some portion of it may; and at all events, its future progress will be more natural, and the disfiguration less than when stuffed with tents, tow, &c. or irritated with heating oils or spirits. When an extensively lacerated wound takes place it is common, and it is often necessary to insert sutures, or stitches, into the lips of the wound : and here we have to notice another considerable variation from the principles of human inflammation, which is, that these stitches in the horse, ox, and dog, soon ulcerate out, seldom remaining longer than the third or fourth day at far- thest. It therefore is the more necessary to be careful, that by perfect rest, and the appropriation of good bandages we secure the wound from distortion. In this we may be assisted by strips of sticking plaster, made with diachylon and pitch; but these strips should be guarded from touching the wound itself by means of lint or tow first put over it. When in addition to laceration in a wound, there is a destruction of substance, then the caution of washing will not apply, as it will be necessary to bathe with some warming spirit, as, tincture of myrrh, tincture of aloes, or friar's balsam, to assist in restoring the life of the part, and in preventing mortification Bleeding must be stopped by pressure and astringents, as powdered alum; when it is very considerable the vessel from whence the blood comes must be taken up. When great inflammation follows wounds or bruises, counteract it by bleeding, a cooling temperature, pening medicines, and continual fomentations to the part itself Balls and Drinks. 111. Mode of giving a ball. Bac.t the horse in his stall, \nd heing elevated on a stool, (not ;i bucket turned upside down,) gently draw the tongue out of the mouth, so as to prevent its rising to resist the passage of the hand : the tongue should however not bo laid hold of alone, but it should be held firmly by the fingers of the ieft hand against the jaw. The ball previously oiled should be »aken into the right hand, which should be squeezed into as narrow o shape as possible, must be passed up close to the roof of the mouth. «nd the ball placed on the root of the tongue, when botn hands »>eing withdrawn, it will readily pass down. This mod« is much oroferable, wher* a person is at all handy, to using a bailing iron. VETHRIIN YK-V lll*l£ RATIONS. 243 112. Mode of giving a drink. Exactly the same process is pm sued, except that a horn holding tlie liquid matter is forced up the mouth ; the passage being raised beyond the level line, the liquid is poured out from the larger end of the horn, and when the tongue ia loosened it is swallowed. Clark, however, ingeniously proposes to substitute the smaller end of the horn, the larger being closed, by which, he says, the horn can be forced up the mouth between the teeth, and poured farther back so as to ensure its not returning. Fomentations and Poultices. 113. Fomentations are very commonly recommended of varioua herbs, as rime, chamomile, St. John's wort, wormwood, bay leaves. &.c. but the principal virtue is tu be found in warmth and moisture, which unload the vessels ; but this warmth ought not to be too con. siderable, except when the inflammation is within, as in inflamed bowels. Here we foment to stimulate the skin, and cannot foment too hot; but when we do it at once to an inflamed part, it ought not to be more than of blood heat ; and it should be continued long, and when removed the part should be dried or covered, or cold may be taken, and the inflammation increased instead of diminished. Ano dyne fomentations are made of poppy heads and of tobacco, and ar9 frequently of great use. 1 1 4. The method, of applying fomentations is conveniently done by means of two large woollen cloths wrung out of the heated liquors., us one is cooling the other should be ready to be applied. 115. Poultices act in the same way as fomentations in allaying irritation and inflammation ; but are in other respects more conve nient because they act continually. It is an error to suppose that ooultices, to be beneficial, should be very hot ; however hot they •na* be applied, they soon become of the temperature of the sur- rounding parts. When poultices are applied to the extremities, a stocking, as has been before stated, is a convenient method of appli- cation. When it is drawn over the leg and bound around the lower part of the hoof, or of the pastern, or otherwise, tne mattei of the poultice may be put within, and it may be then kept in its situation, if high up on the extremity, by means of tape fastened to one part vf it, and passed ovei the withers or back to the other side, and ■gain fastened to the stocking. In this way, also, loose oanuagei :nay be retained from slipping. Cold poultices are often useful uj the inflammations arising from strains, &-c. In these cases bruu a^d goulard water furm a convenient medium; but when the ooui 22 21 I VETERINARY OPERATIONS. tine it* necessarily hot, a uttle linseed metl added to the bran wtl render it adhesive, and give it consistence. It is a very necessary caution in this, as in every instance where bandages are wanted around the extremities, to have them broad, and only so tight as to •ecure the matters contained, as in a poultice, or as in common bandaging. It is often supposed that " as strong as a horse," de. notes that nothing can be too strong for him, nor any means too violent to hurt him. The horse, on the contrary, is one 01 the most tender animals alive : and a string tied very tight round the ieg would occasion first a falling off of the hoc f, next a mortification of the rest of the limb, and lastly the death of the animal ; ana all this as certainly as though he were shot with a bullet through tne head. Setons and Rowels. 116. Scions are often useful in keeping up a drain to draw what are termed humours from parts ; or by their irritations on one part, they lessen the inflammation in another part not very remote, as when applied to the cheek for ophthalmia or inflamed eyes. They also in the same way lessen old swellings by exciting absorption. Another useful action they have is to make a dependent or conve- nient orifice for the escape of lodged matter: thus a seton passed from the upper pai cf the opening of pole evil, through the upper pait ot the integunrents of the neck, as low as the sinuses run, will often eltect a cure without further application. The same with fistu- lous withers, wnich sometimes run under the shoulder blade, and appear at the arm point; in which case a blunt seton needle, of sufficient length to be passed down to that point, and to be then cut down upon, will form the only efficient mode of treatment. Seton? may be passed in domestic farriery, with a common packing needle and a skein of thread, or piece of tape : but in professional farriery they are made by a proper needle armed with tar. i or lamp cotton, or skeins of thread or silk smeared over with d.gestive ointment When the seton needle is removed, the ends of the tape should be joined together, or otherwise notted, to prevent them from coming out. 11 7. Rowels in thf-ir intention act as setons, and as imitating a .arger surface, so when a general drain is required they act better , is in case of grease, &c. but when their action is confined to a part only, setons are more convenient. Any person may applv a rowei by making an incision in the loose skin about an inch separating with the finger its adherence around,. and then inseiting in the VETERINARY OPERATIONS. 2-15 opening a piece of round leather, with a hole in the middle, smear*:} with a blistering ointment. Then plug the opening with tow, and in three days, when the suppuration has begun, remove it. Tlw rowel leather is afterwards to be daily removed and c'jeaned. Blistering and Firing. 118. Blistering answers the same purposes as setons, and is prac. tised by first cutting or shaving the hair from the part, when the blistering ointment (Vet. Pha. 138.) should be well rubbed in for ten minutes, or a quarter of an hour. Some of the ointment after the rubbing may be smeared over the part The head of the horse should now be tied up to prevent his gnaw mg or licking. If a neck cradle be at hand, it may also for safety be put on ; in which the head may be let down the third day. 119. A neck cradle for blistered horses is very convenient for ether occasions also, when the mouth is to be kept from licking or biting other parts ; or to keep other parts from being rubbed agains* ♦he head. It is of very simple construction, and may be made by a tozen pieces of wood of about an inch and half diameter, as old Droom handles, &c. These bored at each end admit a rope to pass through ; and as each is passed on, a knot may be tied to the upper part of the pieces of the cradle, two inches apart; and those which form the lower part, four inches ; by which means the neck will bo fitted by the cradle when it is put on ; and the horse will be pre. rented from bending his head to lick or gnaw parts to be protected. When the lower parts of the legs, particularly the hinder, required blistering, it is necessary to bear in mind that in gross full horses, particularly in autumn, grease is very apt to follow blistering; and almost certainly if the back of the heels below the fetlock be blis. tered. First, therefore, smear this part over with lard or suet, and afterwards avoid touching it with the ointment. After blistering in summer, the horse is often turned out before the blistered parts ai« quite sound ; in this case guard them from flies by some kind o, covering, or they may become fly-blown : and likewise on the fourth or fifth day rub into the blistered part some oil or lard to prevent thfl akin from cracking. 120. Sweating or liquid blisters, (Vet. Pha. 142,) are only more jrontle stimulants, which are daily applied to produce the same effects on a diseased part without removing the hair. Of course less activity is expected ; yet as the action is repeated, they are often more beneficial even than blistering itself; as in old strains tnc' •UJfnesscs iMo VETERINARY OPERATIONS. 121 Firing, as requiring the assistance of an experienced prac- titioner, we shall not describe; it will be prudent only to point eui that it is a more active mode of blistering; and that it acts very powerfully as a stimulant, not only while its effects last as blisters do, but also after its escharotic effect is over, by its pressure ; and in this way it is that it operates so favourably in bony exostosis, as splints and spavins ; and in this way it is so useful in old ligamentary weaknesses; because by lessening the dilatability of the skin it becomes a continual bandage to the part. Chjstcmng and Physicking. 122. Clystering should always be preceded by back-raking, whicL consists in oiling one hand and arm, and passing them up the fun- dament, and by that means to remove all the dung balls that can be reached. The large pewter syringe for clystering, is neither a useful or safe machine. A much better consists in a turned box pipe, to which may be attached a large pig or ox bladder, by which four or five quarts of liquid can be administered at one time. (Vet. Pharin. 134, to 146.) The pipe should be previously oiled, by which means* it passes more easily : the liquor should then be steadily pressed up; and when the pipe is removed, the tail should be held down over the fundament a little to prevent the return of the clyster. In some cases of a spasmodic nature, as gripes and locked jaw, great force is made by the bowels to return the clyster, and nothing but con- tinued pressure over the fundament can enable it to be retained. Clysters not only act in relaxing the bowels, but they may be used as means of nutriment when it cannot be taken by the mouth ; as in locked jaw, wounds of the mouth, throat, &c. & ^ is uarticularly useful, as in worms, nido bound, VETERINARY OPERATIONS 2'H h-om too full a habit, &c. &c. It is not advisable to physic horses in either very cold or very warm weather. Strong physic is aiways hurtful ; all that physic can do is as well operated by a mild as by a strong dose, with infinitely less hazard. No horse should be physicked whose bowels have not been previously prepared by mashing for two days at least before. By these means the physic will work kindly, and a moderate quantity only is requisite. Most f the articles put into the purging balls for horses, to assist the aloes, are useless. Jalap will not purge a horse, nor rhubarb either. Aloes are the only proper drug to be depended on for this purpose, and of all the varieties of aloes the socotorine and Cape are the best. (Vet. Pha. 163.) Uarbadoes aloes are also not improper, but are thought more rough than the socotorine. For formulas of purging balls, see Vet. Pha. (163.) Blaine gives the following as the process: 124. Physicking process. The horse having fasted an hour or two in the morning from food, but having had his water as usual, give him his purge, and two hours after offer him a little chilled, but not warm water, as is often done, by which horses are disgusted from taking any ; it may be here remarked that in this particular much error is frequently committed. Many horses will drink water with the chill taken off', provided it be perfectly clean, and do not smell of smoke from the fire, kettle or saucepan ; but few, very few, will drink warm or hot water ; and still fewer, if it be in the least degree greasy or smoky. After the ball has been given two hours, a warm bran mash may be offered, and a very little hay. He should have walking exercise as usual moderately clothed ; and altogether he should be kept rather warmer than usual. At noon mash again, and give a little hay, which should be repeated at night, giving him at intervals chilled water. On the following morning the physic may be expected to work ; which if it do briskly, keep the horse quiet; but should it not move his bowels, or on^y relax them, walk hiin quietly half an hour, which will probably have the desired effect. Continue ti give mashes and warm water, repeating them every two or three hours to support him. When physic gripes a horse, give a clyster of warm water, and hand rub the belly, as well as walk him out. If the griping prove severe, give him foui ounces of gin in half a pint of strong ale, which will soon relieve him. On the next day the physic will probably set, but should it continue to v> ork him se\erely, pour down some boiled starch; and if this fail, turn to the directions under diarrhooa. (52.) The horse shoi Id return to his jsual habits of feeding and full exercise by degrees; and i* n*ore than one dose is to be given, a week should intervene. It is often lequisite to make the socund and third doses ralher stronger 22* 248 VETERINARY OPERATIONS. inan the first. A very mild dose of physic is likewise often aiven :o horses while at grass in very warm weather, and without any injury. When worms, or skin foulness are present, and mercuna*. physic is deemed necessary, it is better to' give two drachms o» calomel in a mash the previous night, than to put it into the pur ging ball. Castration, Nicking, Docking, fyc. 125. The operations of castration, docking, nicking, aud that qj cropping, (which is seldom practised,) all require the assistance o\ a veterinary surgeon ; and it is only necessary to remark of them, that the after treatment must be the same as in all other wounds To avoid irritation, to preserve a cool temperature and a moderate diet ; and if active febrile symptoms make their appearance, to obviate them by bleeding, &-c. &c. It likewise is proper to direct the attention of the agriculturist who attends to these matters him- self, that the moment the wound following any of these operations looks otherwise than healthy, locked jaw is to be feared, and no time should be lost in seeking the best assistance that can be obtained (11.) See Mason, p. 148. Bleeding. 126. Bleeding is a very common, and to the horse a very impor- tant operation, because his inflammatory diseases, on account of the great strength of his arterial system, run to a fatal termination very soon and can only be checked in the rapidity of their progress by abstracting blood, which diminishes the momentum of circulation. Bleeding is more particularly important in the inflammatory dis- eases of the horse ; because we cannot, as in the human, lower the circulation by readily nauseating the stomach. Bleeding also lessens irritation, particularly in the young and plethoric, or those of full habit: hence we bleed in spasms of the bowels, in locked jaw, &,c. with good effect. Bleeding is general or topical. General as from the neck, when we mean to lessen the general momentum. Topical when we bleed from a particular part, as the eye, the plate vein, the toe, &-c. Most expert practitioners use a large lancet to bleed with ; and when the habit of using it is acquired, it is. by far Mie best instrument, particularly for superficial veins where a blow might «*rry the fleam through the vessel. In common hands the fleam as the more general instrument is best adapted to the usr,al cases lequiring the agriculturists notice. Care should, however, be taken not to stiike it with vehemence, and the hair being first wotted and wnoethed down, it should be pressed close between the hairs, so THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA. 2 IS? thut its progress may not be impeded by tbem. A ligatuie should be first passed round the neck, and a hand held over the eye, unless the operator be very expert, when the use of the fingers will dispense with the ligature. The quantity of blood taken is usually too small. In inflammatory diseases, a large horse, particularly in the early stage of a complaint, will bear to lose eight or ten quarts : and hali the quantity may be taken away two or three times afterwards, 'il the violence of the symptoms seem to require it; and the blood should be drawn in a large stream to do all the good it is capable of. After the bleeding is finished introduce a sharp pin, and avoid drawing the skin away from the vein while pinning, which lets the blood escape between the vein and skin ; wrap round a piece of tow or hemp, and next day remove the pin, which might otherwise inflame the neck. In drawing blood let it always be measured ; letting it fall on the ground prevents the ascertaining the quantity ; it also prevents any observation on the state of the blood ; which if it form itself into a cup-like cavity on its surface, and exhibit a tough yellow crust over this cavity it betokens an inflammatory state of blood that will require further bleedings, unless the weak- ness forbid. After the bleeding, it now and then happens from rusty lancets, too violent a stroke with the blood stick, or from drawing away the skin too much while pinning up, that the orifice inflames and hardens, and ichor is seen to ooze out betwe^.i its edges. Immediately after this is discovered, recourse must be had to an able veterinary surgeon, or the horse will lose the vein, and perhaps his life. tS@9 — THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA. 127. The following formula for veterinary practice have been compiled from the works of the most eminent veterinary writers of the present day*, as Blaine, Clark. Laurence, Peel, White, &c. ; and we can from our own experience also, confidently recommend the selec- tion to the notice of agriculturists, and the ownera of horses in general. It would be prudent for such as have many horses, and particularly for such as live at a distance from the assistance of an able veterinarian, to keep the more necessary articles by tnem in case of emergence : some venders of horse drugs Keep K VoO THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA. veterinary medicine chests : and where the compo- sitions can be depended on, and the uncompounded drugs are genuine and good, one of these is a most convenient appendage to every stable. 128. The veterinary phaj^macopceia for oxen, calves and sheep has been included in the arrangement. Where any speciality occurs, or where distinct recipes are requisite, they have been carefully noticed ; it will therefore only be necessary to be kept in mind, that with the exception of acrid substances, as mineral acids, &c. which no cattle can bear with equal impu- nity with the horse ; the remedies prescribed require about the following proportions : A large ox will bear the proportions of a moderate sized horse ; a moderate sized cow something less ; a calf about a third of the quantity ; and a sheep about a quarter, or at most a third of the proportions directed for the cow. It is also to be remarked, that the degrees in strength in the different recipes, are usually regulated by their numbers, the mildest standing first. 129. Alteratives. 1. Levigated antimony, 2 drachms. Cream of tartar, Flour of sulphur, each half an ounce. 2. Cream of tartar, Nitre, of each half a* ounce. 3. iEthiop's mineral, Levigated antimony, Powdered resin, each three drachms. Give in a mash, or in oats and bran, a little wetted, every night, or make into a ball with honey. 130. tventian Tonic Alteratives. 1 Aloes, Ginger, Blue vitriol, in powder, of each 1 drachm, Oak bark in powder, 6 drachms. 2. Winter's bark in powder, three drachms. Green vitriol, do. one and a half drachms, Gentian, do. three drachms. Make either of these into a ball with honey, and give every morning. 3. White vitriol, 1 drachm, Ginger or pimento, ground,, two drachms, Powdered quassia half an ounctv Ale 8 ounces. Mix and give as a drink. THE VETERINHY PHARMACOP(EIA. 251 4. A.r*cnic, 10 grains, Oatmeal, 1 ounce. Mix and give in a mash, or moiniened oats nightly. 131. Astringent Mixtures for Diarrhoea, Lax or Scouring. 1. Powdered ipecacuanha, one drachm, Do. opium, half a drachm, Prepared chalk, 2 ounces, Boiled starch, 1 pint. 2. Suet 4 ounces, hoiled in Milk, 8 ounces, Boiled starch, 6 ounces, Powdered alum, 1 drachm. The following has been very strongly recommended in some cases, tor the lux of horses and cattle. 3. Glauber's salts 2 ounces, Epsom do. 1 ounce, Green vitriol 4 grains, Gruel, half a pint. When the lax or scouring at all approaches to dysentery or molten grease, the following drink should be first given. 4. Castor oil, 4 ounces, Glauber's salts, dissolved, two ounces, Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm, Powdered opium, 4 grains, Gruel, 1 pint. 132. Astringent balls fin Dia- betes or pissing evil. Catechu, [Japan earth] half an ounce, Alum powdered, half a drachm, Sugar of lead, 10 grains, Conserve of roses, to ma-ke a ball. 133. Astringent paste for thrush, foot-rtt, foul in the f oot. r palm oil. Having previously nixed the oil of vitriol with an Mince of water gradually, as gradually add this mixture to the nelted mass; which again set on i very slow fire for ten minutes more : afterwards remove the whole, and when beginning to cool, add the powders previously mixed together. 3. i.40. A mercurial blister, for splints, spavins, and ring bones. Of either of the above, 4 ounces. Corrosive sublimate finely pow- dered, half a drachm. 4. 14J. Strong liquid blister. Spanish flies, in gross powder, 1 ounee. Oil of origanum, 2 drachms, Oil of turpentine, 4 ounces, ,')hve oil, 2 ounces. Steep the flies in the turpentine three weeka. strain off and add Uio oi 5. 142. Mild liquid or sweating blister. Of the above one ounce, Olive oil or goose greas6, on* and a half ounces. 143. Clyster- 1 * 1. A laxative one. Thin gruel or broth, 5 quarts, Epsom or common salts 6 ozs. 144. Clyster for Gripes. 2. Mash two moderate sized onions, Pour over them oil of turpenf nev 2 ounces, Capsicum or pepper, half an oi Thin gruel, 4 quarts. 145. Nutritious Clyster. 3. Thick gruel, three quarts, Strong sound ale, one quart. Oi 4. Strong broth, 2 quarts, Thickened milk, 2 quarts. 146. Astringent Clyster. 5. Tripe liquor or suet boiled in milk, three pints, Thick starch, 2 pints, Laudanum, half an ounce. Or 6. Alum whey, one quart, Boiled starch, two quarts. U7. Cordial Balls. Gentian powdered, 4 ounces, Ginger do. 2 ounces, Coriander seeds do. 4 ounces, Caraway do. 4 ounces, Oil of aniseed, quarter of an or Make into a mass with honey, treacle or lard, and give an ounce and a half for a dose. 148. Chronic Cough Balls 1. Ca.omel 1 scruple THE VETERINARY FIIARMACOPlEiA. usa Gum ammoniacum, Horse radisli, of each 2 drachms, Balsam of Tolu, Squills, each one drachm. Beat all together, and make into a ball with honey, and give «very morning fasting. 149. Drink for the same. 2. 1 ar water, Lime water, of each half a pint, Tincture of squills, half an oz. 150. Powder for the same. 3. Tartar emetic, 2 drachms, Powdered foxglove, half a drachm, Powdered squill, half a drachm, Calomel, one scruple, N.tre 3 drachms. Give ever} night in a malt mash. 151. Diuretic Balls. Resin, yellow, 1 pound, Nitre half a pound, Horse turpentine, half a pound, Yellow soap, quarter of a pound. Melt the resin, soap, and tur- pentine over a slow fire ; when cooling add the nitre. For a strong dose, an ounce and a half, for a mild one an ounce. It should be kept in mind, that mild diuretics are always equal to what is required ; and that strong diuretics are always hurtful. 152. Diuretic Powders. Yellow resin, powdered, 4 ozs. Nitre, ditto, 8 ounces, Cream of tartar, do. 4 ounces. Dose — 6, 8, or lO.drs. nightly, which some horses will readily eat in a mask 153. Urine Drink Glauber'B salts, two ounces. Nitre, 6 drachms. Dissolve in a pint of warm water. 154. Embrocations — r oo'.irg fot inflammations. 1. Goulard's extract, half an ounce. Spirit of wine or brandy 1 ounr*. Soft water, 1 quart. 2. Mindererus spirit, 4 ounces, Water, 12 ounces. 155. For Strains. Bay salt, bruised, half a pound. Crude sal ammoniac, 2 ounces, Sugar of lead, quarter of an oa Vinegar one pint and a half, Water, one pint. 156. For the Eyes. 1. Sugar of lead, 1 drachm, White vitriol, 2 scruples, Water, 1 pint. 2. Brandy, 1 ounce, Infusion of green tea, 4 ounces Tincture of opium, 2 drachms, Infusion of red roses, 4 ounces 3. Rose water, 6 ounces, Mindererus spirit, 3 ounces. 4. Corrosive sublimate, 4 grains, Alcohol, 1 ounce, Lime water, 1 pint. 5. Alum, powdered, 1 drachm, Calomel, half a drachm. Mix and insert a little at on* corner of the eye. The custom of blowing r m alarms the horse 157 Fever Powders. 1. Tartar emetic, 2 drachms, Nitre, 5 drachms. 2. Antimo lial powder, Q draennta, 254 njfi VETERINARY PHARMACOF(ElA. Cream of tartar, Nitre, of each four drachms. 158. Fever Drink. 3. Sweet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce, Mmdererus spirit, G ounces, Water, 4 ounces. J ">9. Epidemic Fever Drink. 4. ©weet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce, Simple oxymel, G ounces, Tartar emetic, 3 drachms. 1G0 Malignant Epidemic Fever. 5. Simple oxymel, Mmdererus spirit, Beer yeast, of each 4 ounces, Sweet spirit of nitre, I ounce. 161. Fumigations for purifying infected stables, sheds, ij-c. Manganese, 2 ounces, Common salt, do. Oil of vitriol, 3 ounces, Water, 1 ounce. Put the mixed manganese and salt into a bason ; then, having before mixed the vitriol and wa- ter very gradually, pour them by means of tongs, or any thing rhat will enable you to stand at a sufficient distance, on the ar- ticles in the bason gradually. As soon as the fumes rise, retire and snut up the door close. 1G2. Hoof Liquid. Oil of turpentine, 4 ounces, 1 ar, 4 ounces, Whale oil, 6 ounces. This softens and toughens the hoofs extremely, when brushed over them iujfht and morning. 1G3 Purging Medicines. Halls — very mild. Aloe? powdered, 6 drachms, Oil o'" turpentine, 1 drachm Mild. Aloes, powdered, 8 drachms Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm. Strong Aloes, powdered, 10 drachms, Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm. The aloes may be beaten with treacle to a mass, adding, during the beating, the oil of turpen- tine. All spices, cream of tar. tar, oil of tartar, jalap, &,c. are useless, and often hurtful addi- tions. 1G4. Liquid Purge. Epsom salts, dissolved, 8 ozs. Castor oil, 4 ounces, Watery tincture of aloes, 8 ozs. Mix — The watery tincture of aloes is made by beating pow- dered aloes with the yelk of egg, adding water by degrees , by these means half an ounce of aloes may be suspended in 8 ounces of water, and such a purge is useful when a ball can- not be got down, as in partial locked jaw. 165. Scalding Mixture for Poll Evil. Corrosive sublimate, finely pow dered, 1 drachm, Yellow basilicon, 4 ounces. 1GG. Foot Stoppings. Horse and cow dung, each about % Z pounds. Tar, half a pound. 1G7. Wash for coring out, d*. straying fungus, or proud flesh, #c. $c. Lunar caustic one drachm. Water, 2 ounces. 168. Wash for Mang* Corrosive sublimate, 2 drachms* Spirit of wine or brandy, 1 oa. Decoction of tobacco, Do. of white Iietefoore, ot eacn I pint THE VETERINARY PHARMAOOPCEIA. 255 Dissolve the mercury in the rpirit, and then add tho decoc- tions. 169. Ointments for healing. 1. Turner's cerate, two ounces, White vitriol powdered, half a drachm, Lard, 4 ounces. 170. For Digesting. 2. Turner's cerato, two ounces, White vitriol, 1 drachm, Yellow basilicon, 5 ounces* 171. For Mange. Sulphur vivum, 8 ounces, Arsenic in powder, 2 drachms. Mercurial ointment, 2 ounces, Turpentine, 2 ounces, Lard, 8 ounces. Mix, and dress with every morning. 172. For Scab or Shab in Sheep Mallenders and Sellenders in Horses, and foul blotches and eruptions in cattle in general. Camphor, 1 drachm, Sugar of lead, half a drarchm, Mercurial ointment 1 ounce. 23 Ot THE DISEASES OP HORNED CATTLE. 173. Cattle are subject to some very dangerous dis- eases, but as their life is less artificial, and their struc- ture less complex, they are not liable to the variety of aliments which affect the horse. The general pathology of the horse and ox being little different, the funda- mental rules for veterinary practice, and the requisite medicines, when not particularized, will be found in the Veterinary Pharmacopoeia, already given. (126.) 174. Mild fever, pantas or pantasia. Cattle sometimes appear affected with heat, redness of the nostrils and eyelids ; they refuse fjod, are dull, evacuate and stale with difficulty ; and the urine la nigh coloured. These symptoms are often aggravated every other day, giving it the appearance of intermittent affection. The com- plaint is often brought on by over driving in very hot weather, occa- sionally by pushing their fattening process too fast. If there be no appearance of malignancy, and the heaving be considerable, bleed, and give half an ounce of nitre in a drink night and morning; but unless the weather be cold do not house the animal. 175. Inflammatory fever is called among farriers, cow-leeches, *nn graxiers, by the various names of black quarter, joint felon, DISEASES OF CATTLE. 257 quartor esil, quarter ill, showing of blood, joint murrain, striking m of the blood, &c. Various causes may bring this on. It is some- times epidemic, and at others it seems occasioned by a sudden change from low to very full keeping. Over driving has brought it on. No age is exempt from it, but the yoUng oftener have it than the mature. Its inflammatory stage continues but a few days, and shows itself by a dull heavy countenance, red eyes and eyelids : the nostrils are also red, and a slight mucus flows from them. The pulse is peculiarly quick ; the animal is sometimes stupid, at others watchful, particularly at first ; and in some instances irritable. — ■ The appetite is usually entirely lost at .the end of the second day, and the dung and urine either stop altogether, or the one is hard and the other is red. About the third day a critical deposit takes place, which terminates the inflammatory action : and it is to the various parts on which this occurs, that the disease receives its various names. The deposit is, however, sometimes universal, in the form of a bloody suffusion throughout the whole skin In others, swellings from the joints, or on the back or belly ; and in fact, no part is exempt from their attack. Sometimes the animal swells generally or partially, and the air being suffused under the skin, crackles to the feel. After any of these appearances have come on, the disease assumes a very malignant type, and is highly contagious. 176. Treatment of inflammatory fever. Before the critical abscess form, or at the very outset of the disease, bleed liberally, and purge also: give likewise a fever drink (158.) If, however, the disease be not attended to, in this early stage, carefully abstain from bleeding or even purging : but instead, throw up clysters of warm water and 6alt to empty the bowels, and in other respects treat as detailed under malignant epidemic. (15.) It may be added, that four drachms of muriatic acid, in three pints of oak bark decoction, given twice a day, has proved useful. The swellings themselves may be washed with warm vinegar both before and after they burst. 177 Catarrh or influenza in cattle, also known by the nan.e ol felon, is only a more mild form of the next disease. Even in this mild lorm it is sometimes epidemic, or prevalent among numbers, or endemical by being local. Very stormy wet weather, changing frequently, and greatly also in its temperature, are common causes. We have seen it brought on by change of food from good to oaa , and from too close pasturage. It first appears by a defluxion irmn the nose; the nostrils and the eyelids are red; the animal heives, is tucked up in the flanks, and on the third day he loses the c\\A 258 DISEASES OP CATTLE. There is a distressing and painful cough, and not unfrequ&ntly a Bore throat also, in which case the beast almost invariably holds down his head. The treatment does not at all differ from that directed under the same disease in horses (13.) Bleeding only tho first two days, carefully sheltering, but in an open airy place, lit- tering well up. 178. The malignant epidemic influenza is popularly called mur- ain or pest; and has at various times made terrible havoc among •rattle. Ancient history affords ample proof of its long existence, and by the accounts handed down, it does not seem to have varied its types materially. In 1757 it visited Britain, producing extreme fatality among the kine. From 1710 to 1714 it continued to rage on the continent with unabated fury, (Lancisiss Disputaiio His- torica de Bovilla Peste.) The years 1730 and 1731, and from 1744 to 1746, witnessed its attack, and produced many written descrip. tions of it, among which stands pre-eminent that of Sauvages, thd celebrated professor of medicine, at Montpelier. The British visi- tation of the malady in 1757, elicited an excellent work from the per of Dr. Layard, a physician of London, which was afterwards trans- lated into several languages. 179. Symptoms of the murrain. Dr. Layard describes it as coro mencing by a difficulty of swallowing, and itching of the ear* shaking of the head, with excessive weakness and staggering gait which occasions a continual desire to lie down. A sanious fcetir discharge invariably appears from the nostrils, and eyes also.— The cough was frequent and urgent. Fever, exacerbiating, par ticularly at night, when it usually produced quickened pulse.— There was constant scouring of green foetid dung after the firsi two days, which tainted every thing around, even the breath, per spiration, and urine were highly foetid. Little tumours or boils wer« very commonly felt under the skin, and if about the seventh oi ninth day these eruptions become larger, and boils or buboes appeal with lessened discharge of faeces, they proved critical and the animal often recovered ; but if on the contrary, the scouring continued, and the breath became cold, and the mouth dark in colour, he inform? us mortality followed. Sauvages describes the murrain as showing ttself by trembling, cold shivers, nose excorated with an acid dis. c-harge from it ; purging after the first two days, but previous to which there was often costiveness. Great tenderness about tho spine and withers was also a characteristic, with emphysema, or a b'owmg up of the skin by air discharged underneath it DISEASES OP CATTLE. 259 tyO. Dissections of those that have died of this disease, accordinp to Sauvagcs, have shown marks of great inflammation, and of a great putrid tendency ; but the solid parts seldom ran into gan- grene. The fluid secretions however, always were sufficiently dissolved and broken down by putridity. The paunch, he says, was usually filled with undigested matter, and the other stomachs highly inflamed : the gall bladder was also commonly distended, with acrid thick brown bile. Goelich, who likewise dissected these subjects, describes the gall as particularly profuse and in- tolerably foetid. According to him, the whole alimentary canal, from the mouth to the anus was excorated ; and Lancisi, contrary to Sauvages, found the viscera of the chest and belly, in some ^ases sphacelated and gangrenous. Gazola describes the murrain as accompanied with pustulous sores ; and so great was the putrid tendency, that even the milk, before it dried up, which it usually did before the fourth day, became foetid. 181. The treatment of the murrain. In the very early stages, all eminent authors recommend bleeding ; but which should not only be confined to the very early periods, as to the two first days ; but also to such subjects as by their previous health and condition can oear it. The animals should be placed in an open airy place ; the litter should be frequently renewed ; and the place itself should be fumigated with the preventative fumigation. (161.) It has been recommended to burn green boughs with pitch as a substitute even charcoal fires occasionally carried around the place would be useful. Dr. Layard advises the body to be washed with aromatic herbs in water ; but vinegar would have been better. In early stages, saline purgatives, as from ten to twenty ounces of Epsom salts are to be invariably used. If the scouring have already come on, still, however, purge; but with only half the quantity; an arti- ficial purge will carry off the morbid bile ; and if excessive weakness do not come on, the same may be advantageously repeated. Setons are also recommended in the dewlap. When abscess appear, they may be opened, and their contents discharged, washing the wound with brandy or vinegar, if putrid sloughing takes place. The cm. physematous swellings or cracklings, may also be opened, and Iho air discharged. The other essentials of medical treatment, a9 detailed under malignant epidemic among horses, is here applicable in every particular. When recovery takes place, it is usually a very slow process, and requires care to prevent other diseases super- vening. The animal should continue to be housed, and neither exposed to sun or wind for some time, and the feeding should l>e nutritious The following infallible cure of the bloody murrain ill 23* 260 DISEASES OF CATTLE. cattle, was given by Mr. Jones, of Gloucester county, Va. to Mr. Beniamin Harrison, of Charles City County, Va. — " A quart of tho infusion of cedar berries, (containing about half a pint of the ber- ries) was given at a time, and in nearly every case tbe good effects were almost instantaneous : a considerable discharge from the bladder and bowels followed, and in five or ten minutes time, the animal began to eat. In nineteen cases out of twenty a perfect cure was effected. It may be necessary to repeat the drench foia or live times." 132. The prevention of the murrdin, or the prevention cf ila epreading, in many respects is even more important than its medical treatment. Where it has already appeared, all the out-buildings, but particularly the ox-lodges or stalls, should be daily fumigated with the preventive fumigation (1GI ;) and, even the whole of the infected districts should have frequent fires of green wood made ir? the open air, and every such district should be put under rigorous quarantine. The cattle on every farm should be carefelly examined three or four times every day, and the moment one is found to droop, he should be removed to a distance from the others. In very bad weather, while it is prevalent, the healthy cattle should be housed, and particularly well fed ; and their pastures should also be changed. The bodies of those who die of the disease should be buried with their skins on, very deep in the earth, and quick lime should be strewed over them. — Prevention — Mr. VVm. Minge, (of James River, Va.) recommends tho u >e of a mixture of clay, salt, (in the common proportion for slock) tar and powdered brimstone. For fifty head, one gallon of tar and half a pound of brimstone, per week, put in a trough to which the cattle had free access. The disease, it appears, is endemic in Virginia, particularly in the districts bor dering on tide water. 183. Phrenzy fever, or inflammation of the brain, called also cough, now and then, but by no means frequently, attacks cattle The symptoms differ but little from those which attack horses.— The treatment must be exactly similar. 184. Inflammation of the lungs occasionally occurs in cattle, in which also the symptoms, progress, and proper treatment, are similar lo those detailed under that head in horse pathology (31.) 185. Inflammation of the stomach sometimes occurs from poison, mis matters ; and in such cases, when the nature of the poison ia discovered, the treatment detailed under poiscn in horse pathology DISEASES OF CATTLE. 2«>l mUdt be pursued. Bat there is a species of iudigesljon, to which cattle are liable in the spring, from eating voraciously of the young sprouts of wood; to wliich some woods are more conducive thar others. The symptoms are heat, thirst, costiveness, lessened urine, quick and hard pulse, with heat and redness in the mouth and not3e; the belly is hard and painful, and the stools, when they appear, are covered with glare. When the mouth and nose discharge a serous fluid, the animal usually dies. 186. Treatment. Bleed at first, open the bowels by saline pur- gatives (164.) After this give large quantities of nitrated water, and clyster also largely. 187 The hove or blown in cattle is also an inflammatory affec- tion of the paunch, ending in paralysis and rupture of its substance. From the frequency of its occurrence, it has become a subject ol investigation with almost every rational grazier, and a particular matter of inquiry with every agricultural body ; from whence it is now very successfully treated by the usual attendants on cattle, when skilful ; but when otherwise, it usually proves fatal. It is observed to be more frequent in warm weather and when the grass is wet. When either oxen, cows, or sheep, meet with any food, they are particularly fond of, or of which they have been long deprived, as potatoes, turnips, the different grasses, particularly red clover ; they eat greedily, and forget to lie-down to ruminate ; by which means the first stomach or paunch, becomes so distended a? to be incapable of expelling its contents. From this inflammation follows, and fermentation begins to take place : a large quantity ol air is let loose, which still adds to the distention, till the stomach cither bursts, or by its pressure on the diaphragm, the animal is» suffocated. This situation of the beast is known by the uneasiness and general swelling of the abdomen ; with the circumstances ol the animal being found with such food, or the presumption that i» has met with it. 188. Treatment. There are three modes of relieving the com olaint, which may be adverted to according to the degree ol distention, and length of time it has existed. These are internal medicines; the introduction of a probnng^ of some kind into the f-aunch by the throat: and the puncturing it by the sides. Dr. Whyatt of Edinburgh, is said to have cured eighteen out of twenty hovod cows, by giving a pint of gin to each. Oil, by condensing the air, has been successfully tried. Any other Rub&tanue also, thai has a strong power of absorbing air, may be advantageously given- 262 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Common salt and water, made strongly saline, is a usual country remedy. New milk, with a proportion of tar equal to one-sixth o. tho milk, is highly spoken of. A strong solution of prepared am. monia in water often brings off a great quantity of air, and relieves the animal. Any of these internal remedies may be made use of when the hoven has recently taken place, and is not in a violent degree. But wksn otherwise, the introduction of an instrument is proper, and is now very generally resorted to. The one principally in use is a species of probang, invented by Dr. Munro, of Edinburgh Another consisting of a cane of six feet in length, and of con siderable diameter, having a bulbous knob of wood, has been invented by Eager, which is a more simple machine, but hardly so effica- cious. It is probable that in cases of emergency, even the larger end of a common cart whip, dexterously used, might answer the end. But by far the best instrument for relieving hoven cattle, as well as for clystering them, is Read's enema apparatus, which is alike applicable to horses, cattle, and dogs. It consists of a syringe, to which tubes of different kinds are applied, according to the pur- pose, and the kind of animal to be operated upon. There is a long flexible tube for giving an enema to horses and cattle, and a smaller one for dogs. To relieve hoven bullocks effectually, it is necessary not only to free the stomach from an accumulation of gas, but from the fermenting pultaceous mixture which generates it ; for this pur, pose a tube is applied to the extremity of the syringe, and then passed into the animal's stomach, through the mouth, and being put in action, the offending matter is discharged by a side opening When the same operation is performed on sheep, a smaller tube is made use of. The characteristic excejlency of Read's instrument, is, that there is no limit to the quantity of fluid that may not be injected or extracted. The same syringe is used for extracting poison from the stomach of man, for smoking insects, extinguishing fires, and syringing fruit trees. The introduction of any of these instruments may be effected by the help of an assistant, who should hold the horn of the animal by one hand and the dividing cartilage of the nose with the other ; while the operator himself, taking the tongue in his left hand, employs his right in skilfully and carefully introducing the instrument; the assistant bringing tho head and neck into such an attitude as to make the passage nearly straight, which will greatly facilitate the operation. But when no instru. ments can be procured, or as cases may occur when indeed it is not auvisable to try them, as when the disease has existed a considerable tune, or the animal has become outrageous, or the stomach so much distended with air that there is danger of immediate suffocation 01 bursting ; in these instances the puncture of the maw must L« DISEASES OF CATTLE. 2G3 instantly performed, which is called paunching. This may be dono with the greatest ease ; midway between the illium or haunch Done, and the last rib of the left side, to which the paunch inclines ; a sharp pen-knife is frequently used, and persons in veterinary prac- tice should always keep a long trochar ; which will be found much the most efficacious, and by fur the most safe, as it permits the air escaping certainly and quickly, at the same time that it prevents its entrance into the cavity of the abdomen, which would occasion an equal distention. As soon as the air is perfectly evacuated, and the paunch resumes its office, the trochar may be removed ; and in what- ever way it is done, the wound should be carefully closed with sticking plaster or other adhesive matter. It is necessary to observe, that this operation is so safe, that whenever a medical assistant cannot be obtained, no person should hesitate a moment about doing it himself. After relief has been afforded, a stimulant drink may yet be very properly given, such as half a pint of common gin ; or one ounce of spirit of hartshorn in a pint of ale ; or two ounces of spirit of turpentine in ale, may any of them be used as an assistant stimulus. When also the cud is again chewed, still some relaxation of the digestive organs may remain; at first, therefore, feed spar ingly and give for a few mornings a tonic. [130 No. l.J 189. Inflammation of the bowels, or red colic, is by no means unknown in cattle pathology; the symptoms of which do not differ from those common to the horse, and the treatment also, is in every respect the same. (45.) 190. Inflammation of the liver, or hot yellows, sometimes occur, in which case, in addition to the symptoms detailed under hepatitis in the horse (58,) there is, from the presence of systic bile in the ox, a more determined yellowness of the eye-lids, mouth, and nostrils, the treatment must be similar. (58.) 191. Inflammation of the kidnies, called red water, by the cow- *ecches, is not uncommon among cattle, and is perhaps dependent on the lobulated form of these parts in them. The animal to the other symptoms of fever, adds stiffness behind, and often straddles, but always shrinks on being pinched across the .oins, where fre- quently increased heat is felt, the urine is sometimes scanty, and now and then increased in quantity, but it is always first red, then purple, and afterwards brown or black, when a fatal termination may be prognosticated. The treatment has been fully detailed under nephritis in the horse pathology, (GO) and which consists in plentiful bleedings, &c. but carefully abstaining from the use of diuretica, a* •dvised by ignorant cow-leeches 204 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 192. Black water is only the aggravated and latter stages of tbe nbove 193. Iuflammation of the bladder also now and then occurs, and in no wise differs from the cystisis of the horse, in consequences and treatment. (02.) 194. The colics of cattle, arise from different causes; they are Bubject to a spasmodic colic, not unlike that of horses, and which is lemovcd by the same means. (53.) Costiveness also brings on a colic in them, called clue bound, fardel bound, &c. which often ends in red colic, unless early removed ; the treatment of this we have fully detailed. (55.) Another colic is accompanied with relaxation of bowels. 195. Diarrhoea, scouring, or scouring cow, is common in cattle, and is brought on by exposure to rain, improper change of food, over driving, and other violences. It is essentially necessary that the animals be taken under cover, kept warm and dry, and have nutritious food allowed them. The medical treatment has been detailed. (52.) 196. Dysentery or braxy, bloody ray, and slimy flux, differs from simple scouring, in a greater degree of fever attending it, and in its being an inflammation of a particular kind, and part of the intes- tines. It is frequently dependent on a vitiated putrid state of the bile, brought on by over driving in hot weather, low damp pastures in autumn, &c. The discharge is characterized by its bad smell, and by the mucous stringy patches in it, and also by its heat and smoking when voided ; all which are very different from the mere discharge of the aliments in a state of solution in diarrhoea, and which differences should be carefully marked to distinguish the one from the other ; treat as under dysentery in the horse. (49.) 197. Yellows. When active fever is not present, and yet cattle are very dull, with great yellowness of eyelids, nostrils, &c. it arises from some biliary obstruction, to which oxen and cows are mare liable than horses, from their being furnished with a gall bladder , it is a more common complaint in some of the cold pro- vinces on the continent, where they are housed and stall fed all thft year round, than it is in England. The treatment is the same as detailed for chronic inflammation of the liver in horses (59) adding ;i i every instance to it, a change of pasturage, and if convcnu'ot, into salt mar.3hes, which will alone often effect a cure DISEASES OP CATTLE. 265 198. Loss cf the cud. This enters the list of most cow-leeches' diseases, hut is less a disease than a symptom of some other arFec- tion ; indeed it is evident that any attack sufficient to destroy the appetite will generally occasion the loss of the cud. It is possible, however, that an occasional local affection or paralysis of the paunch may occur, particularly when it is distended with unhealthy sub stances, as acarns, crabs, the tops of some of the woody shrubs, &lc. The treatment in such cases consists in stimulating the stomach by tonics, as aloes, pepper, and gin mixed; though these, as liquids may not enter the stomach in common cases, yet in this disease or impaired action of the rumen, they will readily enter there. 199. Staggers, daisy or turning, are sometimes the consequences of over feeding, particularly when from low keeping, cattle are suddenly removed to better pastftrage. Treat with bleeding and purging. 200. Tetanus, or locked jaw, now and then attacks cattle, in wh'O.Ii case it presents the same appearances and requires the same treat- ment as in horses. (11.) 201. Cattle surgery is in no respect different from that in prac tice among horses, the wounds are treated in the same manner. Goring with the horns will sometimes penetrate the cavity of the belly, and let out the intestines ; the treatment of which is the same as in the horse. (50.) Strains, bruises, &c. are also to be treated like these of horses. 202. Foul in the foot. This occasionally come? on of itself, but is more often the effect of accident : cleanse it well and keep it from dirt: — apply the foot paste. (100.) 203. Wornals, or puckeridge, are tumours on the backs -f cattle occasioned by a dipterous insect which punctures their skin, and deposits its eggs in each puncture. When the eggs are nateried, and the larvae or maggots are arrived at their full size, they make their way out, and leave a large hole in the hide, to prevent which the destruction of the egg should be attempted by nipping the tumour, or thrusting in a hot wire. 204. Cattle obstetrics are not very varied; young cows of very *Vi 1 1 habits have sometimes a super-abundant secretion of milk before Calving, which produces fever and heat ; sometimes from ccld taken the same will occur after calving also : in either case, givi miid dry Jbcu or hay ; bathe the udder also with vineg:ir and watei , in sonm S 2*\Q DISEASES OF CATTLE. cases, waim fomentations do best. If the fever run high, treat u under fever in horse pathology. 205. The process of calving is usually performed without diffi- culty; sometimes, however, cross presentations take place, and sometimes a constriction of parts prevents the natural passage of the calf. To act properly on these occasions, great patience in required, and much mildness; many cows have been lost by brutal pulling ; we have seen all the men and boys of a farm mustered to pull at a rope affixed about a calf, partly protruded, which, when it was thus brought away, was forced to be killed, and the mother soon died also from the protrusion of parts this bruta? force brought with the calf. A steady, moderate pull, during the throes of the animal, will assist much ; having first directed the attention to the situation of the calf, and that the presentation is such as not to obstruct its progress ; if it does, the calf must be forced back, and turned or placed aright. 206. JVhethering, or retention of the after-birth or burden. It sometimes happens that this is retained ; for which no better remedy has been hitherto discovered than warm clothing and drenching with ale, administered as a forcer. 207. The diseases of calves are principally confined to a species of convulsions which now and then attacks them, and which some, times arises from worms, and at others from cold. When the first cause operates, it is then relieved by giving a mild aloetic purge, or in default of that, a mild dose of oil of turpentine, as half an ounce night and morning. In the second, wrap up the animal warm, and drench with ale and laudanum a drachm. Calves are also very subject to diarrhoea or scouring, which will readily yield to the usual medicines. (131.) 208. Horn distemper or horn ail. A disorder incident to horned tattle, by which the internal substance of the horn (commonly called the pith, which is the spongy part of the bone) wastes away, &c This disorder may be known by a dullness in tne countenance, a sluggish motion, want of appetite, a desire to lie down frequently, shake their head and appear dizzy, &c. To be sure of this disease, take a small gimblet and perforate the horn 2 or 3 inches above the head : if it is hollow and no blood follows, it is the hollow horn ; This distemper *s generally brought on by poverty, &c. Bore each horn at the upper and lower side that the drain may bave vent, and administer at least two or three doses of salts oi DISEASES OF CATTLE. 267 •ome gentle purgative ; inject, into the horn strong vinegar and can:*. phorated spirits of salt and vinegar: this will cleanse "the horn and effect a cure. Sawing off the horn is sometimes performed, hut the ahove receipt is preferablo. 209. Vermin on cattle. It is found that a strong decoction o tobacco washed over a beast infected with vermin will generally drive them away. It sometimes will make the beast very sick foi a short time. But a better remedy is to mix a plenty of strong Scotch snuff in train oil, and rub the back and neck of the creature with it ; which will effectually kill or drive away all vermin from a quadruped. Salt — Let it be remembered, when given to animals, enables the farmer to increase his live stock and keep them in health ; hence it ought freely to be given to sheep and cattle of every description * but, to imitate nature, it should be previously dissolved and then mixed with pure fine clay in a mass, which is to be pli«^d under « •Jiolter bo that the animals may lap it at nU^sure 34 268 DISEASES OF SHEEP. THE DISEASES OF SHEEP. 210. The diseases of sheep are numerous ; for these animals are now so highly cultivated that they may be regarded in some respects as artificial machines : and thus, as a natural consequence, they are subject to a variety of artificial defects and maladies. 211. The rot is a popular term among shepherds, and includes within its range diseases widely different. We shall not therefore follow the custom of treating the different rots of sheep together ; but we shall allow them to fall in the natural order, according to the plan pursued with the diseases of oxen. 212. The inflammatory and putrid fever, popularly known by the names higham striking or blood striking, does not differ materially from the same disease in oxen and cows: and is in sheep also some- times epidemic , appearing by panting, dullness, watery mucus from the nose and eyes, and great redness of all such parts as aro usually white. 213. The red water. The inflammatory fever sometwnes resolves itself into an universal secretion of serum throughout all the cavi lies ; in which case after a few days, the lymph tinged with blood will come away from the nose and mouth in large quantities. Some- times after death the bloody serum is found suffused throuphou* ♦ho s>kin as in tho blood striking of skins. DISEASES OF SHEEP. 260 214. The claveau or sheep pox is also another variety of this dis ease, in winch it takes on a pustular form. About the third day 6mall variolas appear : sometimes they are rather blotches than pus. tules. The weakness is usually extreme, and the putridity great. This form of the disease is seldom seen with us ; but it is stii known on the continent, wherp the pastures are very poor and lo * head to the same while at rest. The eyes glare, and from ovj^ the pupils become round. An accurate examination will now usu ally discover some softness at a particular part of the skull, gene rally on the contrary side to that which the animal hangs the head when no softness of the skull is discernable, the hydatid usualh exists in some of the ventricles, and the destruction of the slieeii •a certain and quick, from t"he greater disturbance to the functions of the brain ; but when it is situated on the surface, it sometimes requires many months to destroy; an absorption of tl>e oone takes p>uetimes met with ; for these no treatment yet discovered succeeds but the removal of the part, and that before the spermatic chord becomes much affected, or it will be useless. 250. Colic. Dogs are subject to two kinds of colic ; one arising from constipation of the bowels, the other is a kind peculiar to dogs, apparently partaking of the nature of rheumatism, and also of spasm. From a sudden or violent exposure to cold, dogs become sometimes suddenly paralytic, particularly in the hinder parts; having great tenderness and pain, and every appearance of lumbago. In every instance of this kind, there is considerable affection of the bowels, generally costiveness, always great pain. A warm bath, external stimulants, but more particularly active aperients, remove the colic. Colic arising from costiveness, is not in general violently acute from the pain it produces; sometimes, however, it appears accompanied witb more spasm than is immediately dependent on the confinement of the bowels. In the former give active aperients, as calomel w th pil. cochire, i. e. aloetic pill and clysters; in the latter caslar /J witb laudanum and ether. 251. Cough. Two kinds of cough are common among dogs, tm accompanying distemper, the other in an asthmatic affection of th# chest. (See 245, 252.) 252. Distemper. This is by far the most common and met fata? among the diseases of dogs ; hardly any young dog escapes it — ant of the few who do escape it in their yomu, tnree-iourtlis are attacker <*»th it %t home ueriod afterwards : it being a mistake that younfc DISEASES OF DOGS. 281 dogs only have it. ft however, generally attacks before the animal arrives at eignteen months old. When it comes on very early, the chances of recovery fire very small. It is peculiarly fatal to grev hounds, much more so than to any other kind of dog, generally carrying them off by excessive scouring. It is very contagious, but it is by no means necessary that there should be contagion present tr» produce it; on the contrary, the constitutional liability to it is eueb, that any cold taken may bring it on ; and hence it is very com. inon to date its commencement from dogs being thrown into water, or shut out on a rainy day, &c. .There is no disease which pre- cents such varieties as this, either in its mode of attack, or" during its continuance. In some cases it commences by purging, in others oy fits. Some have cough only, some waste, and others have moisture from the eyes and nose, without any other active symptom. Moist eyes, dullness, wasting with slight cough, and sickness, are the common symptoms that betoken its approach. Then purging conies on, and the moisture from the eyes and nose from mere mucus, becomes pus or matter — there is also frequently sneezing, with a weakness in the loins. When the disease in this latter case is not speedily removed, universal palsy comes on — during the progress of the complaint some dogs have fits. When one fit succeeds another quickly, the recovery is extremely doubtful. Many dogs arf ^arried off rapidly by the fits or by purging; other waste gradu- ally from the running from the nose and eyes, and these cases are always accompanied with great marks of putridity. 253. The cure. In the early stages of the complaint give emetics ; they are peculiarly useful. A large spoonful of common salt dis- solved in three spoonfuls of warm water, has been recommended ; the quantity of salt being increased according to the size of the dog, and the difficulty of making him vomit. While a dog remains strong, one every other day is not too much : the bowels should be kept open, but active purging should be avoided. In case the com- plaint should be accompanied with excessive looseness, it should be immediately stopped by balls made of equa. parts of opium, gum arabic, prepared chalk, and conserve of roses with rice milk as food Two or three grains of James' powder may be advantageosuly given at nijiht, in cases where the bowels are not affected, and in the case* where the matter from the nose and eyes betokens much putridity, we have witnessed great benefits from balls made of what is tennen Friar's balsam, gum guaiacum, and chamomile flowers in powder Dogs in every stage of the disease should be particularly well fed, A seton we have not found so useful as is generally supposed . where the nose is much stopped rubbing tar on the iippe* part jt T 2S2 DISEASES OF DOGS. useful, and when there is much stupidity and the head seems* !*.ucc affected, a blister on the top is serviceable. Or, Take <»ne part aloes, two parts salt petre, and four parts sul. phur , incorporate the whole together, and take as much as will lia on the point of a dinner knife, either put it into warm milk, and drench the dog, or give it to him in slices of meat. Tio up your aog for twenty-four hours after, and repeat the same in a day cr two after, should the dog not be relieved. 254. Fits. Dogs are peculiarly subject to fits. These are of various kinds and arise from various causes. In distemper, dogs are frequently attacked with convulsive fits, which begin with a champing of the mouth and shaking of the head, gradually extending over the whole body. Sometimes an active emetic will stop their progress, but more generally they prove fatal. Worms are often the cause of fits in dogs. These deprive the animal wholly of sense ; he runs wild till he becomes exhausted, when he gradually recovers, and perhaps does not have one again for some weeks. Conhne ment produces fits and likewise costiveness. Cold water thrown over a dog will generally remove the present attack of a fit ; and for the prevention of their future recurrence it is evident that the foregoing account of causes niu»t be attended to. 255. Inflamed bowels. Dogs are very subject to inflammation of their bowels, from costiveness, from cold, or from poison. When inflammation arises from costiveness, it is in general very slow in its progress, and is not attended with very acute pain, but it is characterized by the want of evacuation and the vomiting Of food taken, though it may be eaten with apparent appetite. In these cases, the principal means to be made use of, are the removal of the constipation by active purging, clysters, and the warm bath. Calomel with aloes forms the best purge. But w T hen the inflam mation may be supposed to arise from cold, then the removal of any costiveness that may be present, is but a secondary consider- ation. This active kind of inflammation is characterized by violent panting, total rejection of food and constant sickness. There is great heat in the belly, and great pain ; it is also accompanied with greaj weakness and the eyes are very red. The bowels should be gently opened with clysters, but no aloes or calomel should be made use of The belly should be blistered, having first used the warm bath VVben the inflammation arises from poison, there is then constant sickness, the nose, paws and ears are cold, and there is a frequent evacuation ot Drown or bloody stools. Castor oil should be given, m.u clysters of mutton br^th thrown up, but it is seldom any treat- ment succeeds *25tf lijjlamcd lungs. Pleurisy is not an uncomnor disea*« DISEASES OF DOGS. 2$3 ai , «fogs. It is sonietiincs epidemic, carrying off great numbers. Its attack is rapid and it generally terminates in death on the third day, by a great effusion of water in the chest. It is seldom that •t is taken in time, when it is, bleeding is useful, and blisters may be applied t<"> the chest. 257. Madness. The symptoms of madness are concisely summed up by Daniel, in the following words : " at first the dog looks dull, shows an aversion to his food and company, does not bark as usual, but seems to murmur; is peevish and apt to bite strangers; his ears and tail drop more than usual, and he appears drowsy ; after, wards he begins to loll out his tongue and froth at the mouth, his eyes seeming heavy and watery; if not confined he soon goes olf. runs panting along with a dejected air, and endeavours to bite any one he meets." As persons are continually alarmed at the approach of every strange dog, the following observations founded on expe- rience may be of service in knowing what dogs to avoid: I have seen many mad dogs but never knew one in that state to curl its tail. This is a certain indication of not being mad : If you see a dog dirty at the mouth, coming at a trot with his head high, and a drooping tail avoid him as a viper. Or if you see one sitting sicklv and dirty at the mouth, avoid him, though it is not likely that he will snap at you in that period of the disease. I never met a mad dog, on being pursued, (if his pursuers were not in actual reach to stone him, &c.) to exhibit any signs of fear, he generally goes li not impeded, in a straight line against the wind at a brisk trot, wholly unconcerned at the shouts of the multitude pursuing him, and never squats his tail. I never knew a dog that was not mad, on being pursued and shouted after by a number of people, not to exhibit every symptom of terror — squatting his tail, turning his head and scampering in every direction. If a mad dog escapes being killed, he seldom runs above two or three days, when he dies, exhausted with heat, hunger, and disease. As this is a subject of no slight importance, we shall 6tand excused for introducing the criteria as described by Blaine, whose account of the disease founded on long experience and attentive observation, is calculated to remove many unfounded and dangerous prejudices relative to it. He describes it as commencing sometimes by dullness, stupidity and retreat from observation ; but more frequently, particularly in these dogs that •re immediately domesticated around us, by some alteration in their natural habits ; as a disposition to pick up and swallow every minute object on the ground; or to lick the parts of another dog incessantly, or to lap his own urine, &c. About the second or third day. thb disease usually resolves itself into one of two types. The one is '.a. led raging and the other dumb madness. These distinctions a^e not 2d* 2W4 DISEASES OF DOGS. however always clear ; and to which is owing so much of discrep ancy in the accounts given by different persons of the disease. 258. The raging madness, by its term has led to an erroneous conclusion, that it is accompanied with violence and fury, which however, is seldom the case : such dogs are irritable and snappish, and will commonly fly at a stick held to them, and are impatient of restraint ; but they are seldom violent except when irritated or worried. On the contrary, till the last moment they will often acknowledge the voice of their master and yield some obedience to it. Neither will they usually turn out of their way to bite human persons, but they have an instinctive disposition to do it to dogs, and in a minor degree to other animals also ; but as before observed, seldom attack mankind without provocation. 259. Dumb madness is so called, because there is seldom any barking heard, but more particularly, because the jaws drop para, lytic, and the tongue lolls out of the mouth, black, and apparently strangulated : a strong general character of the disease, is the dis- position to scratch their bed towards their belly; and equally so is the general tendency to eat trash, as hay, straw, wood, coals, dirt, &,c. and it should be remembered, that this is so very common and 60 invariable, that the finding these matters in the stomach after death, should always render a suspicion formed of the existence of the disease, confirmed into certainty. Blaine is also at great pains to disprove the notion generally entertained that rabid dogs are averse to water ; and neither drink or come near it. This error, he contends, has led to most dangerous results ; and is so far from true, that mad dogs, from their heat and fever, are solicitous foi water, and lap it eagerly. When the dumb kind exists in its fuL' force, dogs cannot swallow what they attempt to lap ; but still thej will plunge their heads in it, and appear to feel relief by it: but iv no instance out of many hundreds, did he ever discover the smallest aversion to it. He lays very great stress on the noise made by rabid dogs, which he says is neither a bark nor a howl, but a lone compounded of both. It has been said by some that this disorder is occasioned by heat or bad food, and by others that it never arises from any other cause but the bite. Accordingly this malady is rare in the northern parts of Turkey, more rare in the southern parts of that empire, and totally unknown under the burning sky of Egypt. At Aleppo, where these animals perish in great numbers for want of water and food, and by the heat of the climate, this disorder was never known. In ether •^aris of Africa and in the hottest zone in America, dogs are ne- ver attacked with madness. Blaine knows of no instance of the OOUipiailii. being cured, although he has tried ta their fullest m tent, DISEASES OF DOGS. 285 the popular remedies of profuse bleedings, strong mercurial and ar- aenical doses, vinegar, partial drowning, night shade, water plan tain, &.c. ho therefore recommends the attention to be principally directed towards tbe prevention of tlie malady. 260. The preventive treatment of rabies or madness, is according to Blaine, always an easy process in the human subject, from the immediate part bitten, being easily detected ; in which case tho' removal of the part by excision or cautery is an effectual remedy. Bi t unfortunate for the agriculturist, it is not easy to detect the bitten parts in cattle, nor in dogs ; and it would be therefore most desirable if a certain internal preventive were generally known. Dr. Mead's powder, tbe Ormskirk powder, sea bathing, and many other nostrums are deservedly in disrepute : while a few country remedies, but little known beyond their immediate precincts, have* maintained some character. Conceiving that these must all pos- sess some ingredient in common, he was at pains to discover it and which he appears to have realized by obtaining among otbers the compositions of Webb's Watford drink. In tliis mixture, which is detailed below, he considers the active ingredient to be the buxus or box, which has been known as a prophylactic as long as the times of Hippocrates and Celsus, who both mention it. The reci pe detailed below has been administered to nearly three hundred animals of different kinds, as horses, cows, sheep, swine and dogs • and appears to have succeeded in nineteen out of every twenty cases where it was fairly taken and kept on the stomach. It appears also equally efficacious in the human subject; in which case ho advises the extirpation of the bitten parts also. The box pre veil- tive is thus directed to be prepared : — Take of the fresh leaves oj the tree-box, two ounces ; of the fresh leaves of rue, two ounces; of sage, half an ounce; chop these fine and boil in a pint of water to half a pint; strain carefully, and press out the liquor very firmly, put back the ingredients into a pint of milk, and boil again to half a pint ; strain as before ; mix both liquors, which forms three do »?es for a human subject. Double this quantity is proper for ? horse or cow. Two-thirds of the quantity is sufficient for a largo dog, half for a middling sized, and one-third for a small dog. Three do- ses are sufficient, giving each subsequent morning fasting, the quan tity directed being that which forms these three doses. As it some, times produces strong effects on dogs, it may be proper to begin with a small dose, but in the case of dogs we hold it always pru dent to increase the dose till the effects are evident, by the sicl* ness, panting, and uneasiness of the dog. In me human s"hject where this remedy appears equally efficacious, we have never w called dumb madness, with the existence of a partial paralysis ol the under jaw, which they could not bite, having happened to dogs previously wormed, has made the inability lo be attributed to this source, but which is wholly an accidental circumstanco ; and hap. pens equally to the wormed and un wormed dog. 2G2. The worming of whelps is performed with a lancet, to siit the thin skin which immediately covers the worm ; a small awl is then to be introduced under the centre of the worm to raise it up, the farther end of the worm will with very little force make its appearance, and with a cloth taking hold of that end, the other H'itl be drawn out easily ; care should be taken ll'at the whole o* 2N* DISEASES OF DOUS. the worm comes away without breaking, and it rarely breaks un less cut into by the lancet, or wounded by the awl. 2t>3. Mange. This is a very frequent disease in dogs, and is an affection of the skin, either caugbt by contagion, or generated by the animal. I'he scabby mange breaks out in blotches along the back and neck and is common to Newfoundland dogs, terriers, pointers, and spaniels, and is the most contagious. The cure should be begun by removing the first exciting cause, if remova. ble, such as filth or poverty ; or, as more general the contrary (for both will equally produce it,) too full living. Then an ap- plication should be made to the parts, consisting of sulphur and sal ammoniac : tar lime water will also assist. When there is much heat and itching, bleed and purge. Mercurials sometimes assist, but they should be used with caution ; dogs do not bear them well. Or, fresh butter, free from salt, quarter of a pound ; red precipitate, one ounce ; Venice turpentine, one ounce : mix the whole well to. gether, and put it into a pot for use, rub it on the parts affected morning and evening, keep your dog tied up, and keep him warn and dry for some days. 264. Worms. Dogs suffer very much from worms, which as in most animals, so in them are of several kinds: but the effects pro- duced are nearly similar. In dogs having the worms the coat gen. erally stares ; the appetite is ravenous though the animal frequently does not thrive ; the breath smells, and the stools are singular, sometimes loose and slimy, and at others hard and dry ; but the most evil they produce is occasional fits, or sometimes a continued state of convulsion, in which the animal lingers sometime and then dies; the fits they produce are sometimes of the violent kind ; at otners they exhibit a more stupid character, the dog being senselest and going round continually. The cure consists while in this state, in active purgatives joined with opium, and th& warm bath ; any rough substance given internally, acts as a vermifuge to prevent the recurrence. ANNALS OF THE TURF AND AMERICAN STUO BOOK, RULES OF TRAINING, RACING, &c RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED TO TH* AMATEUR, SPORTSMAN, AND BREEDER or THK AMERICAN TURF HORSE. EDITOR'S PREFACE. The Publisher of the following work, with a view to an extension of its value, and to bestow on posterity a list of some of our most celebrated blood horses and mares, as well as those that have been imported, has added, with all the care the object so well merits, an American Stud Book, that such as may wish to breed from a particular stock, may trace the pedigree, in a wa> more satisfactory than vague report. The pub- hshcr thankfully acknowledges, that he is much* in- debted for information derived from the "American Farmer? and "American Turf Register? edited by J. S. Skinner, Esq. of Baltimore, to which works he confidently refers such of his readers as may wish fur- ther information as to the performance of manv of the stud herein noticed, as well as for other particulars, perhaps too numerous for insertion in a small volume! The publisher will not deny, that errors may una- voidably occur in a work of this sort; but he offers it with a confidence, nevertheless, that it contains a greater number of pedigrees of blooded horses, than has been ever before published in our country; and that it will be considered, at least, as meriting the con- sideration which should attach to a work, possibly proving an introduction to a complete Stud Book. ANNALS OF THE TURF. Uespect fully inscribed to the Amateur, Sportsman, and Breeder of the American Turf Horse, Annuls of the Turf. — " The transcendent consequence of" llio horse to man in every possible stage of human existence, lias been the invariable theme of writers on the subject from the earliest records of time. Indeed it is impossible to conceive any other, out of the vast variety of animals destined by nature to human use, which can, with the least prospect of success, dispute with the favourite horse the palm of his master's predilection and attachment. It is an attachment of a truly rational nature, and to a most worthy object. The very idea of being supported at ease by an auxiliary and borrowed animal power, and of being safely borne from place to place, at will, with a pleasant and gentle motion, or with the rapidity of lightning, must have impressed the mind of the first d is- coverers of the mighty benefits of the horse, with ineffable delight. Such sentiments and feelings respecting this noble animal have been constantly entertained and handed down to us from the earliest ages. The general beauty, the harmony of proportion, the staieli- ness and delicacy of the superior species of this paragon of brute animals, could not fail of inspiring admiration in the breasts even of sa\age and untutored men. Time and the improving faculties of man, gradually developed the various uses aud qualifications of the horse. Endowed by nature with a portion of' intellect, with a generous pliability of disposition and fortitude of heart, with vast and energetic bodily powers, lie was found capable of bearing a sort of social part in all the pleasures and labours of man. He was associated with his master in the pleasures of the journey and the chase ; he shares willingly and with ardour in the dangers of the martial field ; and with a steady prowess partook in the humble labours of cultivating the soil for mutual subsistence. By the most illustrious nations of either ancient or modern times, the horse has ever been esteemed of the highest worth and consequence, and treated with a distinction and attendance befitting his rank as the first of domestic animals, approximating in society and service to human nature It is among the most savage and debased tribes of men only, that the breed, condition, and comforts of this noble ani- Mai have been neglected." This quotation from a very splendid English work on the blood horse, is no less just in sentiment than beautiful in language. It is proposed to treat of the value of the blood horse to our common stocks, and of the various uses to which his conformation adapts him. It has at every period been fashionable with a certain class of moralists, who were more rigid than correct, to decry the sports of the turf; and, further, to contend that the breed of horses having received all the improvement of which it is susceptible, from the blood horse, the further propagation of the latter is useless; the? 20 £92 ANNALS OE THE TURF. would further nave horse racing abolished, and the horses applied generally as stallions. But the use which these sort of reasoners would propose to derive from the racing breed, would soon destroy itself. They do not consider that in racing the necessity for thor. ough blood, is obvious and imperative, and such is a sure ground of its preservation. Were the sports of the turf to be abandoned, that unerring test, by w\iich to ascertain the purity of the blood, ?nd the other requisite qualities of the race horse, would be lost, and consequently, that glorious and matchless species, the thorough bred courser, would in no great length of time, become extincx among us — and with him all his noble and valuable properties, and his place be supplied by a gross, ill-shaped, or spider legged mongrel, which WDuld insure the degeneration of the whole race. I would ask, is not a cross of the blood horse upon the common stock in- dispensable to insure us light footed and quick moving saddle hor- ses ? Where do we go for the parade or cavalry horse if it is not the blooded stock, or to those highly imbued with that blood ? Did not the speed and wind of the cavalry horses of Colonels Lee and Washington, during the revolutionary war, give those commanders a decided superiority over the enemy in the kind of warfare they waged, where celerity of movement was all important? and were not those horses procured in Maryland and Virginia, and partook of the best racing blood of those states? The value of the blood, or southern horse, from their ability to carry high weights, was strongly exemplified in the wars of the ancients ; as they rode to war in heavy armour, and always selected and preferred for this purpose their highest bred horses, which were also frequently covered, like their riders, in heavy armour. In former times in England, their hunters were only half bred horses, but later observations and expe- rience have fully convinced them that only those that are thorough bred (notwithstanding the popular clamour of their deficiency in bone) are adequate in speed, strength, and durability, to long and 6evere chases with fleet hounds, particularly over a deep country, and that they will always break down any horses of an opposite description that may be brought into" the field. The value of the racing blood when crossed upon the common cart breed is also apparent in making them superior in the plough and wagon, provided they have the requisite size, arising from quicker action and a better wind particularly in the long hot days of summer. There is the same difference of motion between the race, and the common bred horse as between a coach and a cart. It '« moreover a fact, although not generally known, that no other horses are capable of carrying with expedition such heavy weights; and were "a thirty stone plate (420 lbs.) to be given, and the dis. tance made fifty miles, it would be everlastingly won by the thor. ough bred horse. There is only one way in which a bred horse would be beat at high weights; it would be (to use a queer phrase.) to ;nake it a stand still race ; in that rase, I would back a cart horse ; » thiiiK he would beat a racer by hours." The strength of the race horse, and his ability to carry high weights, arise from the solidity of his bones, the close texture of hia fibres, the bulk and substance of his tendons, and from his wholo ANNALS OF THE T4J11F. 293 peculiar conformation. His superior speed and endurance originate from his obliquely placed shoulders, depth in the girth, deep oval |uarters, broad fillets, pliable sinews, and from the superior duc- tility and elasticity of his muscular appendages. It is also from the blood horse that we acquire fineness of skm and hair, symmetry and regularity of proportions, elegance and grandeur. As a proof of the latter qualities, the highest dressed horses of the ancient emperors are invariably of the highest cast of Arabian or Southern blood. The object of the preceding remarks was to show the impolicy of discouraging the sports of the turf, as being the indispensable test by which to try the purity of our blooded stock, and the only certain means of insuring its preservation : that the thorough bred horse was beyond all question, the most useful species of the whole genus, since he was applicable to every possible purpose of labour in which horses are used, either for the saddle, for war, parade, hunting, the road or quick draught, and even for the laborious ser- vices of the wagon and plough. It now only remains to make some remarks (as connected with the above twpics) on the standing and prospects of future patronage which the sports of the turf have in England and this country. It is an undeniable fact that the high degree of improvement 10 which the blood of stock horses in Eng land have attained, is mainly owing to the liberal and weighty pa tronage which has invariably been extended to the sports of tho turf in that country; it is patronised as a national amusement by the royal favour and munificence, and directly encouraged by the most distinguished nobility and gentry; by men who are ranked as her chief statesmen. The decline of this sport lias frequently been predicted in that country, particularly at unfortunate periods of war and distress ; but it has been steadily maintained for more than a century, with few or no fluctuations, and is at this time in a high state of prosperity. Never were so many thorough bred st illions kept in England as at present — never was New Market, Epsom, 01 Doncaster, better attended than at the late meetings. The numbei of blood horses annually exported from England is unusually great, and to her, Russia, France, Austria, and the United States of America, the East and West Indies, have been long indebted fur their most valuable stocks. In Virginia the sports of the turf have been revived and are ex tending over the state with great spirit, and are infusing into her citizens a due sense of their importance in giving value to the race horse. Virginia has long h"ld a pre-eminence over every othe* state in the Union in raising fine horses — and it is mainly to be attributed to the passion for this fascinating and rational mnust. nient, to the steady encouragement given to it at all times, both during adverse and prosperous times, since the state had its foun dntion in a colony. To her the Carolinas, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, have always looked for a supply of blooded stallions; to her they still are indebted as well as the new states of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, &c. Let then Virginia maintain and in- »rease this celebrity, by adopting all means which are calculated to promote so laudable a distinction. Let lib.' place and extend thv ViJl ANNALS OF THE rU/l*. sports of tbe turf on the most liberal and equitable basis, and let bar, in order to give increased value to her racing stock, speedily pub 1 >b a Stud Book. Oiigin and progressive improvement of the race horse. It cannot but be an interesting task to inquire into the origin of the tur^ horse, and to ascertain the means by which he has been brought to his present high state of perfection. The English writers main tain tbe theory, that the horse genus was supposed to have consist. 3d originally of two grand divisions or species : the silken. haired, flat, and fine bone courser, and the full bodied, coarse, and rough- haired steed, adopted to draught and the more laborious purposes. From these tv , original species may fairly be derived all those numerous varieties which we at this day witness in different parts of the world. Soil and climate most undoubtedly have considerable effects, through a long course of ages, in producing varieties of form, colour, character, and properties. The largest horses are generally found to be the production of the rich low lands of the temperate climates, abounding in rich and succulent food. The fine skinned, with elegant symmetry, dry and solid bones, large tendons, and the highest degree of muscular energy, in fact, bearing tbe general characteristics of the blood horse, are bred under warm and southern skies, upon a dry soil, on the hills of the desert. The hypothesis is entertained, that Arabia is the native or breeding country of tbe courser, and that part of Europe, formerly denomi. nated the Netherlands, or Low Countries, the original soil of the !arye draught horse. Other writers, however, contend, that all horses are derived from the same single primitive species, and that varieties are purely accidental and the effects of varying soil and climate. This opinion, however specious, is not sanctioned by facts and experience in allowing full force to the arguments derived from the effect of soil and climate, yet it is equally true there are certain landmarks and boundaries of specific character, in both the animal and vegetable creation, which nature will never permit to be passed. No length of time or naturalization upon the marshy soil of Bel- gium, it may safely be pronounced, would be sufficient to'transform the high bred, silken and bounding courser of Arabia, into the coarse, blulf and fixed horse of the former country; nor would the sojournment of the latter, during any number of ages, in the south, have the effect of endowing him with these peculiar properties of body, which distinguish the aboriginal southern horse. The inter change just supposed, would no doubt have the effect of increasing the bulk of the courser and reducing that of the draft horse; but the natural characteristics of each, would remain unassailable by any other medium than that of intercopulation through which we know from experience they may be merged, and in effect an- nmilated. Arabia Deserta is allowed to be the breeding country of the purest and highest bred racers; that is to sav, possessed in the highest de- gree of those qualities which distinguish the species ; and these are ileekD^ss and flexibility of the skin, and general symmetry from the aea<- to the lowest extremities. The eye full and shining, the head ANNajl,« uF THE TUUF. 295 joined, not abruptly, but to a curved extremity of the neck ; the shoulders capacious, deep or counter, and declining considerably into the waist ; the quarteis deep, and the fore arms and thighs long-, large and muscular, with a considerable curve of the latter ; tlie legs flat and clean, with the tendon or sinew large and distinct ; the pasterns moderately long, the feet somewhat deep, the substance of the hoof fine, like that of the deer; in size not large, seldom ex- ceeding or reaching the height of fifteen hands. It is in the mountainous country, among the Bedouin Arabs, that the blood and characteristic properties of this sDecies of the horse, has been preserved pure and uncontaminated by any alien mixture or cross, as they pretend, for more than two thousand years. It is well known that the English race horse was originally bred from the Arabian, Barb, and Turkish stocks, and contains in his veins nearly an equal admixture of the blood of each. The Bar- bary horses were generally smaller than the Arabians, but carried more depth of carcase. Their most prominent points are, ears handsome and well placed ; forehand fine and long, and rising boldly out of the withers ; main and tail thinly haired ; with lean small head ; withers fine and high, loins short and straight, flanks and ribs round and full, with good sized barrel ; tail placed high ; haunches strong and elastic ; thighs well turned ; legs clean ; si- news detached from the shank ; pastern too long and binding ; foot good and sound; of all colours, but grey the most common They are bred upon a similar soil and sprung from the desert like the Arabians, of which they are generally deemed a variety. In goodness of temper and docility these horses resemble the forme*, and are said to be very sure footed ; generally cold tempered and slow, requiring to be roused and animated, on which they will discover great vigour, wind and speed, being in their gallop great striders. The Turkish horses resembled the Barbs, and were paid to be handsome, elegantly formed, full of spirit, possessing fine hair, uoft skins, guod speed, but more particularly remarkable for thoir un- failing wind, enabling them to undergo much labour and fat'^ue. It is a curious physical question, that the Arabian. Barb, and Turkish horses, should, only in particular individuals, have proved valuable foal getters, and that these properties should be denied to the generality of them, and that the whole of them should so soon be laid aside. Out of the vast number of these foreign horses imported into England in early times, but very few of them estab. lished their characters as the propagators of high formed racers ; and it may be assumed as a fact, that for some more than half a century past, not a solitary Arabian, Barb, or Turkish stallion has been used in England ; or if used at all, were found to be utterly worthless. England soon discovered that from her fine climate and soil, she had obtained in size, form and speed, everv quality which the best models of the original foreign breeding countries could aflfjrd to her, it is true she had to resort to the Arabians anu Barbs for a foundation ; but as soo» as tl»e stock arh.injr r . om them had been Buihcie," >, ,lv accl'-uatud and 'liifunza through die tounuy, she tound 20* # ^yt5 ANjNALS of the turf. it feafnst t tipon them for all those qualities which they them geives hao acquired from their foreign progenitors. The early English breeders found the Arabian stock to consti tute an excellent cross upon the Barb and Turk, as from the Ara bian blood was acquired speed, stoutness and stride from the Barb length and height from the Turk. But of all the foreign stallions imported into England in early times, the fame of the two great Arabians, the Darley and Godol yhin, has swallowed up that of all the rest; and the best English horses for nearly a century past, have been either deeply imbued in their blood, or entirely derived from it. They have produced stock of vast size, bone and substance, and at the same time en dowed with such extraordinary and before unheard of powers of speed and continuance, as to render it probable that individuals of them have readied nature's ultimate point of perfection. The descendants of these Arabians have rendered the English courser superior to all the others, not only in the race, where indeed he has long excelled, but as a breeding stock. To such of my readers as are unacquainted with the history of that justly celebrated horse, the Godolphin Arabian, the following particulars of him may not be unacceptable. He was in colour a brown bay, somewhat mottled on the buttocks and crest, but with no white excepting the off heel behind ; about fifteen hands high) with good bone and substance. The fame of the Godolphin Ara- bian was greatly increased by the famous picture which was taken of him b}' the immortal Stubbs, and which sold at his sale for 246 guineas. This portrait of the Godolphin is doubtless an admirable piece ; it represents his crest as exceedingly large, swelling and elevated, his neck elegantly curved at the sitting on of the head, and his muzzle very fine. He had considerable length ; his ca- pacious shoulders were in the true declining position, and of every part materially contributary to action, nature had allowed him an ample measure : add to this, there is in his whole appear- ance, the express image of a wild animal, such as we may sup- pose the horse of the desert. Certainly the horse was no beauty, but with his peculiar and interesting figure before me, I cannot help wondering, that it should not occur to his noble proprietor, a true sportsman as he was, that the Arabian might be worthy of a trial as a stallion. This horse was imported by Mr. Coke into England, and it was strongly suspected that he was stolen, as no pedigree was obtained with him, or the least item given, as to the country where he was bred ; the only notice given, was, that he was foaled in 1724. Mr. Coke gave him to Mr. Williams, keeper of the St. James' Coffee House, who presented him to the Earl of Godolphin. In this noble lords' stud he was kept as a teazer to Iiobgoblii.,. during the years 1730 and 1731, when that stallion re- fusing to cover Roxana, she was covered by the Arabian, the pro- duce of which was Lath, not only a very eljgant and beautiful horse, but, in the general opinion, the best which had appeared on the turf since Flying Childers. The Arabian served for the re- mainder of his life in the same stud, producing a yearly succession *f prodigies of the species. He died in the year J 753, in his 2 ( Jth ANNALS OF THE TURF. 2JH year, and wus decently buried, and cakes and ale were given at 'die funerai of his flesh. The following famous horses, some of which were of great size and powers, besides many others with a grea- number of capita! racing and broodmares, descended from the Go. dolphin Arabian, viz : Lath, Cade, Regulus, Bahrain, Blank, Dis- mal, Bajazet, Tamerlane, Tarquin, Phoenix, Slug, Blossom, Dor mouse, Skewball, Sultan, Old England, Noble, the Gower Stal lion, Godolphin Colt, Cripple, Entrance. Mr. Darley, of a sporting family in Yorkshire, being a mercan- tile agent in the Levant, and belonging to a hunting club at Alep- po, made interest to purchase a horse, one of the most valuable ever imported in England, and which fully established the worth of the Arabian stock. He was a bay horse, his near foot before, with his two hind feet white, with a blaze in his face, and about fifteen hands high; he was imported into England in the year 1703, then four years of age. The Darley Arabian, (for such he was called,} got Flying Chii ders, Bartlett's Childers, Almanzor, Whitelegs, Cupid, Brisk, Da3- dalus, Skipjack, Manika, Aleppo, Bully Rock, Whistlejacket, &c This horse had not that variety of mares which annually pour ed in upon the Godolphin Arabian, indeed he covered very few except those of Mr. Darley his proprietor — but from these sprung the largest and speediest race horses which were ever known. — Flying Childers and Eclipse, the swiftest beyond a doubt of ail quadrupeds, were the son and great grand son of this Arabian, from which, also, through Childers and Blaze, descended Samp, son, the strongest horse that ever raced before or since his time ; and from Sampson was descended Bay Malt on, who ran at York four miles in seven minutes forty-three and a half seconds, being seven and a half seconds less than it was ever done before over the same course. On crossing, breeding and rearing the Turf Horse. The subject of crossing is one of the most important which has ever engaged the attention of the breeder or amateur, and it is still left in doubt whether we ought to adhere to remote crossing in propagating thu race horse, or that we may successively breed " in and in," viz. putting horses and mares together of the same family. All that we can do is to disclose the facts which that unerring guide, experience, has established, and the exceptions to the rule which those facts have pointed out t<"» as. Crossing, or intermix- ing the blood of different racing breads, has ever prevailed upon the turf, and experience has proven it to be a rational practice, when adopted with the view of an interchange of the requisite qualifications, external or internal ; such as the union of speed and bottom, slenderness and substance, short and long shapes. Experience tells us that the greatest success has ever attendee those breeders and that the most valuable stock has resulted there from, who have- adhered to remote crosses. The finest running and highest formed horses that have appeared in England were brer from the union of two distinct stocks, the Herod and Eclipse. The former stock was invariably remarkable for stoutness and lasting- ttesa, tiie latter for suecd and bv the union of these opposite 2'JS ANNALS OF THE Tl'ltF. dualities 'whereby a remote cross was taken up,) a stock was ob. tained in which was blended a sufficiency of the requisite quali- ties of both to make first rate running horses. There was anothe. distinct stock in England, which crossed well upon the Herod and Eclipse branches ; I allude to the Matchem or Godolphin Arabian Stock ; and it may here be remarked, that there has net been in England a first rate running horse on the turf for the last 70 years, without more or less blood of this valuable horse. How- ever necessary a remote cross may be considered, yet exceptions have arisen to it as a rule, as some of the most distinguished horses in England were bred considerably in and in — Flying Childers for instance, considered the fleetest horse in the world. Old Fox, also a celebrated racer and valuable stallion, had an affinity of blood in his pedigree, as well as other high formed racers and stallions. But these exceptions arose in Great Britain in her early days of breed, ing, when that country was enriched by the importation of par- ticular Barb, Turk, and Arabian horses that had peculiar and ex- traordinary properties els stock getters, as their immediate descen- dants constituted the best racers of those days, and demonstrated that the character of the English race horse had attained its utmost perfection at that early date. At a later period, but little success had attended the efforts of those who have bred in and in. The Earl of Egremont has occa- sionally tried it, as well as Lord Derby (the owner of Sir Peter Teazle,) but with little encouragement. Still the British writers are divided on the subject : Morland, in his treatise on the gene- alogy of the English blood horse, expressly says, that incestuous crosses should be avoided, viz : putting horses and mares together of the same class ; while on the other hand Lawrence, in his 6plendid work on the " History and delineation of the Race Horse," makes the following remark of an opposite tendency : " An adhe- rence to the practice (of remote crossing) cannot be held indispen- sably necessary on any sound theory ; nor need any disadvantage be apprehended from coupling horses and mares of the same breed or family, even the nearest relative, upon the principles above and hereafter laid down. I have often heard of, and indeed seen, mis- erable legged and spindled stock resulting from such a course, but other very visible causes existed for the result. " According to the adage, " like produces like," we ought to follow form and qualification ; and if a brother and sister, or father and daughter excel in those respects all others within our reach, we ought to enjoin them with good expectations, for aught I know to the end of the chapter: and the prejudiced fear of adopting tins practice, has often led our breeders into the error of adopting an inferior form from the presumed necessity of a cross." The present remarks are peculiarly applicable to the breeders of the race ' '>rse in Virginia, for they are at this very time making the experiin,, of breeding "in and in," or from the same family of horses, as it i.<» well known that all the turf horses now and for the last ten years past, produced in that state, are of the " Sir Archv stock." It were to be wished that v'here was a greater variety of the race blood in *-Uat state to give breeders a wider field for selection; a descend .d 1 ANNALS OF THE TURF. 29'./ tf Mcd'ey or Citizen would cross well upon the present numerous stock of SirAichy, and it would perhaps have been a fortunate cir- cumstance, could the celebrated horse Pocolet, (who was bred and raised in Virginia,) have been retained in that state The subject of breeding is the next which claims our attention. The business of breeding is divided into the systematic and chance medley; the formation of regular studs and observing some fixed principles, characterize the former; while the latter is a kind of random affair, common to the whole country where foals are raised for a man's pleasure or convenience, for which no extra pre- parations are made, or much reflection bestowed, further than to make use of any mare that may chance to be in possession, and of any horse which the vicinity affords or custom may present. In the formation of studs, the object generally had in view is breeding for the turf, and one of the first principles is to breed from no stallions unless they be thorough bred ; in plain terms, both their sires and dams must be of the purest of the Turkish, Barb or Arabian coursers exclusively, and this must be tested in an authentic pedigree, throughout whatever number of descents or crosses.* The brood mare should be equally pure or thorough bred, and par- ticular attention should be paid to her form, as one of the prime causes of failure of most breeders is confining their attention solely to the horse, without paying sufficient attention to the form of the mare, and permitting fashionable blood and the supposed necessity of a cross to have too decided a preference to correctness of shape To constitute a thorough bred animal, and to assure the attainment of every desired quality or perfection, both the male and female ought to possess it. Experience has proven the correctness of the principle that "like produces like;" acting upon this principle, we have the best assurances lo expect success from a junction of the best shapes or the greater number of good points we can combine, both in the horse and the mare, from such junction the average will be favourable, true form will result from the union of true form in both sire and dam ; and the next general result will be, that every horse sufficiently well formed, and furnished in the material points, will excel either in speed or continuance, or will possess an advan- tageous mixture of both. Blond is hlood, but form is superiority Tn rearing of turf horses, the following principles ».re recom. mended by the most successful breeders: the land to be dry and sound, the harder the better, provided it be fertile: irregularity of surf ice a recommendation. Fresh springs or streams, shade and shelter, and extensive range. Sufficient number of inclosures, both for each species, which it is necessary to keep apart, and to prevent too great a number of any being crowded together. Houses "There is a practice in Virginia and North Carolina, in giving the pedi gfeeofa stallion, to name only one or 'wo crosses, particularly on thedani'f Bide, and (hen pronounce him "the finest bred horse in the world." Who <;»n pronounce on a horse's good or bad blood unless we krow (he whole ol A I He may trace to the common dray breed of the eouotrv for au/nt »*e know 300 ANNALS OF THE TURF. or sheds in the inclosures ; soft and sweet herbage for the colts and •nilk mares ; and finally a very liberal allowance of land in propor lion to the stock, that there may be not only ample grazing in tho grass season, but an equally ample quantity of provisions of tho ■equisite kind during the winter. A firm, dry, and hard soil, will have a corresponding effect upon the feet, limbs, and tendinous system of horses bred upon it; as will a dry, clear and elastic air upon their wind, animal spirits and general habit. Such are the advantages enjoyed by the horses of the mountain and the desert ; but these advantages are greatly en- hanced in a country where abundant herbage and moderate tern- perature are superadded. All breeders concur in the propriety of keeping colts well tho fir^t and second winters ; for colts from the best shaped parents will degenerate upon insufficient nourishment, and be stinted from the palsying effects of damp and cold in the winter, if a comfortable and general shelter is not allowed them. Good keeping and warmth, during the first and second years, is indispensable, in order to invi- gorate the circulation of the animal's blood, to expand his frame, to plump up and enlarge his muscles, to encourage the growth of his bones, and to impart to them that solidity and strength which pre- serves them in the right line of symmetry. It must be interesting to the amateur, the sportsman, and the breeder, to give a correct, though concise account of the most dis. tinguished turf stock of blood horses, which existed in Virginia between the years 1750 and 1790, a period more remarkable for fine norses, than perhaps any ether, either prior or subsequent to that time. It was during this period that " races were established almost at every town and considerable place in Virginia : when the inhabi- tants, almost to a man, were devoted to this fascinating and rational amusement : when all ranks and denominations were fond of horses, especially those of the race breed ; when gentlemen of fortune ex- pended large sums on their stud, sparing no pains or trouble in importing the best stock, and improving the breed by judicious cross ing." The effects of the revolutionary war put a stop to the spirit of racing until about the year 1790, when it began to revive, and under the most promising auspices as regarded the breed of turf horses, for just at that time or a little previous, the capital stallion Old Medley was imported, who contributed his full share to the reputation of the racing stock, whose value had been before so well established. Previous to the year 1800, but little degeneracy had taken place either in the purity of the blood, the form or perform- anct:s of the Virginia race horse; and in searching for the causes of a change for the worse, after this period, the most prominent one was the injudicious importation of inferior stallions from England. About the period of time last mentioned, Colonel Hoomes and many others, availing themselves of the passion for racing, inundated Virginia with imported stallions, bought up frequently at low prices in Eh gland, having little reputation there, and of less approved olood. thereby greatly contaminating the tried and approved stocks •'hich had long and eminently distinguished themselves for the!* ANNALS OF THE TURF. 301 featu on the turf, their services under the saddle, and as valuable cavalrj horses during the revolutionary war. In recommending renewed efforts to the Virginians, for the further improvement and preservation of their stock of blood horses, the necessity »nd im- portance of the immediate publication of a Stud Book (and of a Racing Calendar hereafter) cannot be overlooked. It is the wish of the writer, that the tendency of this, and the fol lowing pages, may excite a spirit and a desire for such a work, by showing that there are valuable materials extant, only requiring diligence and zeal to bring them to light, capable of being made up into a valuable publication on this subject. The want of such a work as a Stud Book, is now lamentably seen and felt in Virginia, where few pedigrees of any particular stock can be traced far back, before they are lost in the mazes of uncertainty and conjecture. It may safely be asserted that the stock of horses in Virginia never can arrive to that degree of improvement and perfection, and moro particularly high value as to price, they otherwise woul-d do, unless a record of this kind is published and preserved, to be resorted to for a correct knowledge of their blood In breeding for the turf and selling turf horses, blood is every thing; as it has been found that particular strains or pedigrees of horses of this class, are re- markable for their speed and bottom, while others are miserably defective in these essential qualities of the race horse. A Stud B )ok and Racing Calendar will be a standing record, always ena- bling us to avoid the bad, and to cherish those particular strains oi horses, that have established their good qualities for the turf. How has Virginia been injured in her racing stock by some particular stallions, bred in that state ? Potomac, for instance, who, although they raced it well, yet being badly bred, propagated an inferior race of horses. Let me therefore, emphatically remind the breeder of the race horse to use great particularity and caution as to the stallions from which he breeds ; examine well into their pedigrees, and to the qualities of the stock from which they are descended; as an exDe. rience of more than a century in England has proven the fact, that where a stallion has been stained with an inferior or "dunghill' cross, however remote in his pedigree, it is certain to lurk out and exhibit itself in his progeny, no matter how well he may have raced it himself. We should breed back as much as possible upon the gooa old stocks of Jolly Roger, Janus, Morton's Traveller, Fearnought, and Medley, of which I propose to give a particular account in the suc- ceeding pages. It has been well for us that the importation of stallions from England has long since ceased, and I hope never to see it revived again. The sod of the Beacon course (four miles and upwards) is now too little trod by the English race horse : short races witli light weights are now too common ; the consequence* are, that their stock of blood horses are rapidly losing that stamina and inherent goodness of constitution or stoutness, which enablea them in former days to carry high weights, and to support frequen* md hard running. Fifteen or twenty years ago, the Virginians ored altogether from imported English stallions, and at that Urne 302 ANNALS OF THE TURF. also, there were more sportsmen on the turf; yet we have at this day better race horses, under less patronage, from American bred stallions, than at that day. Does not this prove that by adhering to our o.vn slock, and breeding from large highly formed, full blooded stallions, that our turf horses will soon equal or exceed any in the world ? and as our race stock is considered stronger and more active, it will be found advisable to breed them For tiie saddle, plough cr wagon. Jolly Roger, was the first horse that gave distinction to the racing B&cfc of Virginia. His performances on the English turf, and thai of his pedigree, are recorded in tiie name of " Roger of the Vale." After he was imported into this country betook the name by which he is now known ; he was foaled in 1741, and commenced covering in Virginia about the year 1748. He was got by Roundhead, who was by Flying Childers, who was by the Darley Arabian. Tiie dam of Roundhead was the famous "plate" mare Roxana by the Bald Galloway, the dam of the celebrated racers and stallions Lath and Cade by the Godolphin Arabian. The dam of Jolly Roger was got by Mr. Croft's famous horse Partner, the best racer and stallion of his day, his gran dam by Woodcock — Croft's Ray Barb; Makeless : Brimmer ; Son of Dodsworth ; Burton Barb mare. Jolly Roger got many fine racers, stallions and brood mares, and is a favourite cross in the pedigree of the Virginia bred turf horse, and very justly too. Jolly Roger got Spanking Roger, out of the imported mare Jen- ny Dismal, and Longsdale out of an imported Monkey mare. Janus was a chesnut horse, foaled in England in 1746, and got by Janus, a bay horse foaled in 1738, full brother to Blank and Old England, being got by the Godolphin Arabian out of the fa- mous ' Little Hartley mare' by Bartlett's Childers, son of the Dar- ley Arabian. Janus was imported into Virginia by Mr. Mojrdecai Booth, of Gloucester county, Va. in the year 1752; his dam was got by old Fox, [whose name stood eminent in the English pedigree,] his grandam by the Bald Galloway. Although Janus partook of every cross in his pedigree calcula- ted for the distance turf horse, yet his stock were more remarka- ble for speed than bottom. Janus, from his shoulders back, was considered the most perfect formed horse ever seen in Virginia, by the most skilful connoisseurs ; he was remarkable for roundness of contour, strength of articulation, and indicating great powers a;id stamina in his whole conformation. His stock partook of these qualities in an eminent degree, and !ur thirty or forty years they were considered as a ' peculiar stock,' as they invariably exhibited even in the third and fourth genera- tions from the old horse, the same compactness of form, strength and power. The Janus stock have exceeded all others in tho Uni- ted States for speed, durability and general uniformity oi' good form ; and more good saddle and harness horses have sprung from mem than from any other atck. ANNALS OF THE TURF. 303 Celer was justly considered as the best son of old Janus, as ho propagated a stock equal in every quality to those of the stock begotten by his sire. He was bred by Mr. Mead of Virginia, and foaied in 1774, and died in 1802, aged 28 years. As the pedigree on his dam's side is not generally known, I wilV here give it. The daia of Celer was got by the imported horse Aristotle, a brown bay, finely formed, full 15 hands high, bred by Mr. Bladen and got by the Cullen Arabian, his dam by Crab, his grandam by Hobgoblin, great grandam by the Godolihin Arabian, out of a famous mare called White Cheeks. Morton's imported horse Traveller contributed in an eminent degree to the improvement of the turf stock of horses in Virginia He was a bay horse, foaled about the year 1748, and was a cover, ing stallion at Richmond court house, Va. as early as the year 1754 He was bred by Mr. Crofts, at Raby in Yorkshire (who was the for tunate breeder and owner of some of the first horses in England) and was got by his famous horse Partner, who was a grandson of the Byerly Turk, and was himself the grandsire of King Herod. The dam of Traveller was by Bloody Buttocks (an Arabian) Grey, hound ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth ; Layton Barb mare. Morton's Traveller was bred from the bes* running stock in England in that day : the famous Wetherington mare was full sister to Traveller ; she bred Shepherd's Crab and other capital racers. Morton's Traveller got Trvall and Yorick out of Blazella, im- ported, and Burwell's Traveller out of a Janus and Lycurgus ; al- so Lloyd's Traveller out of a Jenny Cameron, and Tristam Shandy out of a Janus, Ariel full brother to Partner, and Partner out of colonel Tasker's imported mare Selima. Partner was the best son of Morton's Traveller, proving to be not only a fine race horse, but a valuable stallion. He was foaled about the year 1755. Partner got Rockingham out of Nelson's im- ported mare Blossom, and Fitz Partner out of the dam of Celer and the celebrated horse Mark Anthony. Mark Anthony's dam was by Othello, (a son of Mr. Parton's capi tal English horse Crab) his grandam the imported mare Moll Bra. zons : she was sired by Spark, who was imported to this country oy Governor Ogle, of Maryland, and was given to him by Lord Baltimore, who received him from Frederick, Prince of Wales. Mark Anthony was foaled about the year 17G3, and did not ex- ceed fifteen hands in height, and '/as a horse of beauty and intrin- sic value, whether viewed as a racer or stallion. In the former rharacter he was not excelled by any horse of his day, being 4 remarkable for his swiftness," having at the same time good Wind. enabling him to run four miles heats in good form. In the latter character he stood deservedly celebrated, and propagated a stock which were held in the highest estimation for their various vain able qualities, whether for the turf, the saddle or the harness. — Mark Anthony got Collector out of a Centinel, and Monamh out of a thorough bred mare, and Romulus out of a Valiant 27 . 304 ANINALS OF THE TURF. Yorick got Pilgnm out of a little Davie, and Bucephalus out of a Careless, and Junius out of an Othello. Bunnell's Traveller got Southall's Traveller out of an imported mure, and Camillus out of a Fearnought mare. Lloyd's Traveller got Leonidas out of a Morton's Traveller mare. Junius got Spangloss out of a Jolly Roger mare. Fearnought holds the first claim prior to the day of Medley, and is therefore entitled to the palm in preference to any stallion that had preceded him in giving the Virginia turf stock a standing rqual to tiiat of any running stock in the world. The blood which flow- ed in the veins of old Fearnought must have been peculiarly rich in those qualities that make up the conformation of the race horse, as not only the whole stock got by Fearnought run well, but also his sons and his grandsons were remarkable for generally getting good running stock. There was also strength and stamina univer- sally pervading the Fearnought stock, to which may be added good size, that made them the best distance horses of their day. The fact is that the Fearnoughts run well all distances, and the old horse stood higher than any other horse on the continent for get- ting racers ; and he got more of them than any other — he also was the sire of more fine stallions than any other horse of his day. Old Fearnovght was bred by William Warren of England, and foaled in the year 1755. He came out of Mr. Warren's fine brood mare ' Silvertail,' and was got by Regulus the best son of the Go- dot phin Arabian. Regulus, when six years old, won eight King's plates. He never was beat, being very superior to any horse of his day. Silvertail the dam of Fearnought, was foaled in 1738, and got \y Heneage's Whitenose ; her dam by Rattle — Darley's Arabian — the old Child mare, got by Sir Thomas Gresley's bay Arabian out of Mr. Cook's Vixen, who was got by the Helmsly Turk, out of a Boyal Barb mare. Fearnought was imported into this country by Col. Jn. Baylor, who advertised him in the year 1705, as "a bright bay, 15 hand* H inches high, remarkably strong and active, and the full brother to the late Mr. Warren's invincible horse Careless." Old Fear- nought died in the fall of 1776, at the age of 21 years. Among other capital stallions and racers, he got tho following, Ttz : — Nonpareil, out of a Janus mare. Nimrod, out of a Partner. America, out of a Jolly Roger. Regulus out of the imported mare Jenny Dismal. Godolpbiri, full brother to Regulus. Shakspeare, out of an imported Cub mare. Gallant, out of a Stateley mare. Shakspeare, out of an imported Shakspeare mare. Apollo, out of an imported Cullin Arabian mare. Harris's Eclipse, out of Baylor's imported Shakspeare marv Laurel, out of a Fearnought. Matchless, out of Sober John. Kiiur ll3rod, o it of an Othello. tNNALS OF THE TURF. 305 Whynot, ouf o 4 ' in Othello. Dandridgo's Fearnought, out of Symmcs' VVildair, out of a Jolly Roger, who proved to Ik* lb« best son. of old Fearnought. VVildair got — Commutation, out of a Yorick maro. Highflyer, out of a Yorick mare. Chanticleer, out of a Pantaloon mare. Chanticleer, the best son of VVildair, got — Magog, out of a VVildair. Prestley, [full sister to Magog,] the dam of Wilkes' Madison Cornelia, the dam of Mr. Randolph's Gracchus. The stock of old Medley may justly be ranked as among the most remarkable and valuable that have ever signalized themselves on a Virginia race course. This stock of horses lacked nothing but size to have made the best racers in the world ; and yet their want of size was not manifested on the turf: as their ability to carry weight exceeded that of any other stock ; they were also remarka- ble for good wind or bottom, for fine limbs and good eyes, than other race of horses that have been bred in Virginia. These quali- ties resulted in this stock [and were more peculiar to them than to any other,] from the close proximity of the points of the hips to the shoulder, from the uncommon solidity of their bones, the close tex- ture of their sinews, and the bulk and substance of their tendons, which always enabled them to carry the highest weights, and to endure the greatest stress on their bodily powers. To these quali- ties may be added their uncommon purity of blood, derived from their sire old Medley, who was one of the purest blooded horses ever bred in England. Gimcrack the sire of Medley, was one of the most remarkable horses of his day in England. lie was a grey, and called the " lit- tle grey horse Gimcrack," foaled in 1700, got by Cripple, a son of the Godolphin Arabian. Gimcrack was one of the severest running and hardest bottomed horses that ever ran in England ; although small, yet his ability to carry weight was very great, for he frequently gave the odds as high as 28 pounds, and he con- tinued on the turf until 11 years of age, thereby showing his un- common hardiness of constitution and firmness of limbs which he richly transmitted into the veins of Medley. Gimcrack at four years old won seven 50/. plates, 4 miles; also in 1765, at 4 miles, 507; also 1000 guineas, 250 guineas forfeit. He beat the Duke of Cumberland's Drone, 4 miles for 500 guineas, giving him 21 lbs. In 1706 he was sent to France, and in 1767 returned to England, and won in that year, four 50/. plates, 5 miles. In 1768, two 50/ plate" and the silver bowl. He beat Mr. Vernon s Barber for 300 guineas giving him 28 lbs. in 1770. He beat Lord Rockingham » lacho for 3000 guineas, giving him 28 lbs ; also Lord Rockingham ■? Pilgrim for the whip and 200 guineas, the whip equal to the gui- neas. Gimcrack was then 10 years of age. Earl Grosvenor had two portraits taken of Gimcrack. That of Gimcrack preparing to *art w reckoned excellent of its kind. The two nortraits. it 10 ww* *ore6ont thif horse in different shades of grey : *lw «ron 306 ANIVALS OF THE TURF. grey ol his youth, and the hoary white of his old age. Gimcracli had acquired such fame and celebrity that his last proprietor lei) kum a length of tinoe at Tattersal's for the inspection ol the puolic. The darn of Medley was Arminda, by Snap, (full sister to Papu- ion, the dam of Sir Peter Teazle, the best in England.) Medley acquired his beautiful symmetry and proportions from Snap, who was a horse of great beauty and justness of proportion, strong, vigorous, and muscular, and was upon an equality as a racer, if not superior to any horse of his time. Medley was imported to thia country by Malcomb Hart, in the year 1785. Among many othtr distinguished racers and stallions, Medley got the following, via : Boxer, out of a Fearnought mare. Opernico, out of a Lindsey Arabian mare. Quicksilver, out of a VVildair. Young Medley, out of a Blue and all Black. Melzar, out of a Wildair. Lamplighter, out of a Longsdale. Fitz-Medley, out of a Dandridge Fearnought mare. Gimcrack, out of an Ariel. Bellair, out of a Yorick. , Bellair may justly be distinguished as the best son of old Medley, not only as being upon an equality as a racer, but as having got more line stallions, racers, and brood mares, and as being decidedly the best bred son of his distinguished sire. Bellair partook of the best blood that has been highly valued in Virginia, viz: of Morton's Traveller through Yorick, Fearnought, Partner, Mark Anthony, &c. Colonel Tasker's famous running mare Selima, that was the dam of Partner, was the great grandam of Bellair; and I will here take occasion to correct an error in the pedigree of this celebrated mare, as it has prevailed for more than thirty years in all the published pedigrees which I have seen of Bellair. Col. Tasker's Selima, is represented to have come out of a mare called Snap Dragon, by Snap; this is a manifest error: tiie Godolphin Arabian, who sired Selima, died in 1753; Snap was foaled in 1750 and did not com- mence covering until G years old, hence the first Snap mares were not foaled till 1757, 4 years after the Godolphin was dead. Col. Tasker's Selima was bred by Lord Godolphin, and came out of a m;ire by Old Fox, that was the dam of Daphne, and also of the celebrated running horse Weasel, that was the property of Lord Rockingham ; the grandam of Selima by Flying Childers, — Make- less— Taffc-let Barb — Natural Barb mare. I .vould urge upon the breeders of the Virginia Turf Horse to take in, in their different crosses, as much of the blood of old Med- ey and Bellair as possible, to give their stock firm limbs, very much needed at this time, as the Virginia race horses of the present day train off the turf too early. ' f ''~ following letter appropriate to the present subject, is from that eminent breeder and sportsman Col. John Tayloe, formerly ol Mount Airy, Virginia, now of Washington City. 4 - (n reply to you 1 - favour, I shall be happy if any information 1 %m unie io give you in regard to old Medley, and fcuch of hi* stock ANNALS OF THE TURF. 30" as I nave owned, can be of service to you. Old Medley was im ported to this country about the year 1785, was owned by Mr. Ma.!. comb Hart, and stood at Hanover Court House. He was one of the most beautiful horses I ever saw. I cannot at this remote period pretend to describe him further than he was a grey horse of the finest proportions and not more than 14 1-2 to 15 hands high. I have always esteemed him one of the best horses ever imported into the United Stales, and concur with you in opinion that his slock is decidedly the best we have had. His colts were the best racers of their day, although they were generally small; but their limbs were remarkably fine, and they were distinguished for their ability to carry weight. I owned some of the best of his colts. Bellair and Calypso 1 bred ; Grey Diomed and Quicksilver, I purchased from the profits which I realized from their successful performances on the turf. I have reason to hold Medley in grateful remembrance " As respects Bellair, he was strong built and rather stout, good eyes and remarkable fine bony legs : rather above fifteen hands. I do not think his bottom was surpassed by any horse on record ; if ever he locked his antagonist I felt confident of success. When he ran with Mr. Randolph's Gimcrack, he was in excessive bad order, after a long journey, in bad weather, from Maryland, — ■ they ran three 4 mile heats, in each of which Bellair mended, and was not beat far. I refused 500 guineas for him immediately after the race. " I concur with you respecting the old Virginia stock, which should not be lost." Having given an account of Col. Tasker's imported mare Selima, it may not here be improper to add that of Carter Braxton's im ported mare Kitty Fisher : as those two mares bied more fine stock in Virginia than any other imported mares brought to this country ; it being well known to the sportsmen and breeders for the turf, that some of the highest formed racers and stallions bred in that State were descended from those two mares. Kitty Fisher was a gray mare foaled in 1755, and imported by Carter Braxton in the fall of 1759. She was bought by Mr. Brax. ton, at New Market, England, in the spring of 1759, being then the property of the Marquis of Granby, and stood at the time en /aged in a sweepstake for 3600/. for three years old fillies ; but the Marquis being abroad with the British armies, he was allowed to withdraw himself from his racing engagements, and directed all his running stock to be sold. At the sale she was purchased as above and sent over to this country. She was got by Cade, (one of tho finest sons of the Godolphin Arabian) her dam by the Cullen Ara bian, out of the famous mare Bald Charlotte. (Bald Charlotte was a high bred mare, of the finest form and winner of King's plates.) Kitty Fisher was trained in this country and run, and won easily several matches. ft is peculiarly pleasing to recur to those periods in Virginia, when the blooded horse held such a high place in the estimation of the people; when men the most distinguisned for their wealth their talents or patriotism, were seen vying with each othei wio 27* 80S ANNALS OF THE TURF should import the finest blood horses or mares from England, o raise them from those already imported. It was the object of the writer, in the preceding pages, to call up those periods to review, and give an account of the most valuable stallions and mares, from which the Virginia stock were bred during those times, hoping il will serve to animate the breeders of the present day, and stimulate them to emulate their ancestors in their zeal and success in rearing the blood horse. Justice, a chesnut horse, fifteen hands high, was bred by Win. Manby, of Gloucestershire, England, and got by Regulus out of the Bolton Sweepstakes. Justice covered in Prince George county, Virginia, in 1761. Othello, a beautiful black, fifteen hands high, very strong was got by Mr. Panton's Crab, in England, out of the Duke of Somer- set's favorite brood mare. Othello covered in Virginia, on James' River, in 1761, and was a most capital stallion. He got Selim and the dam of Mark Anthony. Crawford, a fine dapple grey, 15 hands high, was bred by his royal highness the Duke of Cumberland, and got by his Arabian. Covered in Virginia in 1762. Juniper, a fine bay, 15 hands one inch high, foaled in 1752, was got by Babraham, one of the best sons of the Godolphin Arabian. The dam of Juniper by the Stamford Turk, &c. Juniper covered in Charles City, Va. in 1762, and was an excellent stallion. He is a remote cross in the Virginia pedigree. Ranter, a beautiful bay, 15 hands high, foaled in 1755, imported into Virginia in 1762, by Wm. S. Wadman. He was got by Dimple, a son of the Godolphin Arabian ; the dam of Ranter by old Crab, Bloody Buttocks, &,c. Ranter stood in Stafford County, Va. in 1753, and is an old cross in our pedigrees. Aristotle, brown bay, 15 hands high, got by the Cullen Arabian, his dam by old Crab, &c. Aristotle was one of the finest and highest formed horses imported into Virginia in his day ; he pro- pagated a most valuable stock for the time he lived, having died shortly after coming into Virginia. He stood at Beikely, Charles City county, in 1764. Bucephalus, brown bay, 15 1-2 hands high, foaled in 1758, was got by Sir Matthew Wetherton's horse Locust, his (Km by Old Cade, Partner, &c. Bucephalus was a very strong hors*?, and stood at Tappahannock, Va. in 1765. David, a bay"horse, 15 hands high, well made, ver) active, and descended from the best stock in England Stood in Virginia in 1765. Dotterel!., a high formed horse, 15 1-2 hands high, a powerful strong boned horse, was got by Changeling, his dam by a son of Winn's Arabian, &c. Changeling was one of the finest horses in Fngland of his day Dotterell stood in Westmoreland county, Va in 1 7 66. Merry Tom, & beautiful bay, 4 feet 11 inches high, he was got by Regulus, (jne of the best sons of the Godolphin Arabian,' his •iniv by Locust, a son of Crab, his grandam by a son oi Haying ANNALS OF THE TURF. 3(h) ' flilders, &c In 1702, he won 200 guineas sweepstakes at R.clt- uiond ; in 1753, lie won 50/. at Durham, and the noblemen and gentlemen's subscription at Cupar, in Scotland. Merry Tom stood in Prince George county, in 1707; lie was the sire of the noted horse Smiling Tom. Sterling, a fine dapple grey, foaled in 1762. was got by the Bell- size Arabian, (which Mr. J. Simpson offered 1500 guineas for,) out of Mr. Simpson's Snake mare; she was got by Snake, a son of the Lister Turk, out of the Duke of Cumberland's famous mare, the dam cf Cato. Sterling traces down to the famous old mare bred by Mr. Crofts at Raby, in Yorkshire, and sold to the Duke of Cleveland. Sterling was a very fine horse, and became famous as a valuable foal getter. He was owned by Win, Evans, and stood in Surry county, Va. in 1708. He did not exceed 15 1-2 hands in height. Lath, a Way horse, 15 hands one inch high, strong and bony, was got by Shepherd's Crab, his dam by Lath, a son of the Godolphin Arabian, &c. Lath was landed in this country in 1768, and won that year the 50/. weight for ago plate, at New Market, on long Island. In 1769 he won the Jockey Club purse of 100/ at Phila. delphia, beating the then best running horses in that State and from Maryland. In 1770, he also won the 100/. plate at the same place. In 1771, he won the 100/. plate at New Market, and never was beat but once, when he ran out of condition. Lath was de- scended from the most valuable blood in England, and contributed in an eminent degree to the improvement of the stock of horses ol his clay. Whirligig, was a dark bay 15 hands high, and was imported from England in the year 1773. He was got by Lord Portmore's bay horse Captain, (a son of young Cartouch,) his dam by the Devon- shire Blacklegs, son of Flying Childers, &c. In April 1769, when this fine horse was rising six years old, his owner received forfeit of 1000 guineas from Rapid ; the same year he beat Volunteer, for 200 guineas. In October 1770, he beat Warwickshire Wag for 100 guineas; and the same year he beat Atrides for 100 guineas, &.c. Whirligig stood to mares in Halifax county, N. C. in the year 1777. Sclitn. This beautiful and valuable stallion was a dark bay, a little rising 15 hands high, was got by Othello, (commonly called Black and all Black,) whose sire was old Crab. The dam of Selim was a beautiful mare of that name, got by the Godolphin Arabiar and full sister to the celebrated horse Babraham of England. Se- lim was a tried and approved racer, and a stallion of deserved celebrity. He stood in Virginia fiv>m the year 1770 to 1780, and propagated a valuable race of horses. A retrospect of the older stallions of Virginia, evinces the im. portant fact that they did not exceed from 15 to 15 1-2 hands in height ; and yet Virginia in those days had a stock of horses equal to any in the world. They were remarkable for substance or fine ftamina. This stock of horses was the immediate descendants of the best Arabian, Barb, or Turkish blood which nud been eanj 310 ANNALS OF THE TURF. imported into England from Oriental countries, and has exhibitec a degeneracy as to suhstauce or stamina, in proportion as it haa oeen removed from this elder foreign blood. The above stallions were the descendants of Oriental stock, as well as Janus and Fearnought, [who were the grandsons of the Uodolphin Arabian.] During the days of those horses and their offspring, Virginia was famed for her fine saddle horses, and tiieir weights on the ;urf was 144 lbs. foraged horses: now it is pro- verbial that the blood horse of Virginia rarely produces a fine sad. die horse, nor have they a single turf horse capable of running four miles in good time with their former weight. All their good races are now made by young horses carrying light weight, say from 90 to 103 lbs. The same retrospect of the English stock discloses the same facts : Lawrence remarks, that a " retrospect seems to evince great superiority in the foreign horses of former times, many of the best English racers in these days, being the immediate descendants, on both sides, of Arabs, Barbs, or Turks, or their sires and dams. That union of substance and action, which was to be met with in for mer days, has been of late years still more scarce." As evidence of the correctness of Lawrence's opinion, it may be adduced that the established weights on the English turf, in former days: were increased to 1G8 lbs. and it was during this pe- riod that their horses continued to improve both in substance and speed, and notwithstanding the great weight of 168 lbs. they had to carry, they ran four miles from 7 minutes 30 seconds to 7 min utes 50 seconds. From the days of Eclipse, the weights were gra- dually reduced, and have been brought down to 1 19 lbs. and on no track exceeding 133 lbs. Yet there is not a racer now in England able to run his distance in as good time as they were in former days with their high weights. The present rage for breeding horses to a great height should not be so much attended to as obtaining the requisite substance, and from the above list we see that from 15 to 15 1-2 hands in height, has combined with it that necessary union of substance and action which enabled the horses in former times to run in such fine form and carry such high weights. The most obvious way to insure this desirable substance or stamina in our stock, is to increase the weights of the turf to the old standard, and not to permit colts to start in public until four years old. The great su- periority of the elder English race horses is in part to be attribu- ted to the favorable circumstance of their not having started in j-ublic until five or six years old. This delay has the obvious fa- vorable effect of enabling the bulk and substance of their limbs and inferior joints to become strong in proportion to their weight, and their whole tendinous system consolidated and firm. Flying Chil dcrs, Bay Bolton, Brocklesby, Betty, Bonny Black, Buckhunter, the famous Carlisle gelding, Eclipse, and a great number of others, du not race in public until five and six years old; and they were ;acers of the highest eminence for performance and heavy weight, of any on record in the English annals of the larf. ANNALS OF THE TURF. 311 Tlic first itep towards an American Stud Book or collecting an account of our b.jod horses, is to ascertain the number of stal- lions imported from England, with their pedigrees annexed, be- cause it is to the importation of horses and mares from that king, dom, that we are indebted not only for the foundation of our stock of Turf Horses, but for their present value. There is not a pedigree of a single blood horse or mare in this country, but what goes in every cross directly or remotely back to English stock STUD BOOK. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. A. ABELINO, g. c. by Dragon, dam Celerrima. 1804. John Hooines. ACQUITTAL, by Timoleon, dam (dam of Bolivar) by Sir Hal, fee. William Wynne. ACTEON, ch. h. oy Dandridge's Fearnought, dam [by imp'd] Fearnought, gr. dam by irnp'd Jolly Roger, out of an imp'd mare, &c. Chesterfield, Va. 1712. Thos. VVoolridge ch. c. bv Kosciusko, dam Artless. 1829. S. Carolina. Harrison ACTTYE, by Chatam, dam Shepherdess, [by imp'd] Slim. AEaMANT, b. h. by Boxer, dam by Lindsay's Arabian, g. dam by Oscar, out of Kitty Fisher. 1799. Nicholas Wynne. ADELINE, b. f. oy Henry, dam by Old Oscar, g. dam the Maid of Nor- thumberland, &c. New Jersey. J. Vandike. br. m. by Spread Eagle— Whistle Jacket — Rockingham — Old Cub, &c. 1806. John Tayloe. Young, by Topgallant, dam Adeline by Spread Eagle. 1809. John Tayloe. ADELA, b. f. by Ratlei, dam young Adeline. Dr. Irvine. ADELAIDE, b. f. by Thornton's Ratler, dam Desdemona by Miner E» cape, &c. ADRIA, b. f. by Pacific, dam Oceana. 1831. J. Southall. ADMIRAL NELSON, [imp'd] b. h. by John Bull, dam Olivia, by Justice — Cypher, &c. Foaled 1795. William Lightfoot. AFRICAN, bl. h. by Careless, dam by Lloyd's Traveller, g«. dam bj Othello. Flatbush. 1788. A. Oiles. *f!NES, or the Thrift mart, by Bellair, dam by Wildair, gr. dam by Fearnought, &c. William Thrift. b. m. by Sir Solomon, (by Tickle Toby,) her dam Young Romp, by Duroc, g. dam Romp, by [imp'd] Messenger. 1822. (>«*• OoUs» 28 810 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. AGRiCOLA, bl. h. by Highflyer, dam by [imp'd] Dove, gr. dam Emery't ;ioted running mare. Chesterfield, V a . Reuben Short. AGR1PPA, g. h. by the Wintei Arabian, dam by Harrison's Pretender, (who was by Hyde's [imp'd] Pretender,) g. dam by {imp'd) Dio- mede, &c. Kentucky. R. J. Breckenndge. AJAX, (See Kill Devil.) ALFRED SIR, (See Sir Alfred.) ALAR1CUS, by Haskin's Americus, dam (Henderson's) Young Medley, g. dam, by Thornton's Wildair, &c. ALEXANDER, [imp'd] was bred by Sir William Wynne, Bart, got by Lord Grosveuor's Old Alexander, (son of Eclipse) his dam Sweet- brier, g. dam out of Monimia's dam, who was by Alcides, her dam by Crab, out of Snap's dam, &c. Virginia. Win. Smalley. [Imp'd] got by Champion, dam Countess, &c. Claverick, New- York, 1797. gr. c. by Old Pacolet, dam Jenny Riland. \bv imp'd] Bedford, dam Imp'd mare Drone, &c. L Col. Piatt. ALEXANDRIA, sor. m. [by imp'd] Alexander, dam Black Maria by Shark. 1811. J. Tayloe. [Imp'd] was by Alexander, her dam by Woodpecker, g. dam by Phlegon, out of Lord Egremont's Highflyer mare, &c. Foaled, 1796. John Hoomes. ALBEMARLE, by Diomede, dam Penelope, by Shark— Indian Queen by Pilgrim, &c. ALDERMAN, [Imp'd] got by Pot8os, dam Lady Bolingbrooke, by Squir rell, Cypron, the dam of king Herod, &c. John Banks. Mare, dk. b. by Alderman, dam by Clockfast, out of a Wil- dair mare. 1799. J. Wickham. ALARM, [Imp'd] br. m. by Thunderbolt, dam Tadora, &c. ALABAMA PACOLET, (see Pacolet Alabama.) ALBERT, by Americus, dam by Wildair, (by Fearnought,) g. dam oy Vampire, g. g. dam by [lmp'd] Kitty Fisher. 1798. Robert Saunders. ALCIDES, b. c. by Galatin, dam Clio, [by Imp'd] Whip. Richard A. Rapley. ALFRETTA, ch. f. by Christian's Hotspur, (by Timoleon,) dam Lady Al- fred, by old Sir Alfred. 1831. Hugh Campbell. ALGERINA, b. f. by Jones' Arabian dam Equa. P. Wallis. ALIDA, ch. f. bv Bagdad, dam Nancy Nicnol, [by Imp'd] Eagle, her dam by Little Wonder, &c. W. W. \UERKER, a. g. by Old Sir Hal, dam by Wonder, her g. dam by Bellair, g. g. dam by Medley, &c. Win. D. Taylor. \LICE, gr. f. by Henry, dam Spirtmistress. Queens Cy. New-York, 1829. Thos. Pcarsall. ILICE GRAY, gr. f. by Brilliant, dam by Sir Archy. Foaled, 1829. Thomas Snowden, Jur *LLAKR'.)KA,b.m.byTelegraph,dam Crazy Jane by Sky Scraper Lewis Berk tv AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 3P ALL 1*1* (/MPS, s. m. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp\l] Jack Andrews. Ricliard Adains ALL WORTHY, b. c. by Aratus, dam Miss Gatewood. ALKNOMAC, ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam by Buzzard, g. dam [by Imp^J] Speculutor, &.c. Kentucky. Ed. M. Blackburn. ALZIRA, by Archduke, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Pollyphetiuis, g. g. dam by Lloe out of Celesta. Win. Garnett. AMANDA, by Grey Diomede, dam Amanda by Bedford. Powhatan, Va. Wade Mosby. ■ - b. in. by Bedford, dam by Old Cade, g. dam by Col. Hick- man's Independence, (by Fearnought,) out of Dolly Fine, &c. Fur- chased by J. Hoomes. J. Broaddus. -Duroc, b. m. by Duroc, dam by Sir Solomon, g. dam [Imp'dl Trumpetta. &c. 1827. AMAZON, by Dictator, dam Statira by Percy, g. dam Homespun b> Rom- ulus. 18(10. Wade Hampton. AMAZONIA, b. m by Tecumseh — Sir Harry — Celer, &c. Nash. Cy. N C. 1815. Nath. Ward. AMAGAZA, b. m. [by /?«/>'V] by Col. Lear, a large strong horse, well proportioned but not handsome; he was the sire of the dam o/ Fairfax. Col. Leai. ARABIA, bl. h. by Old Janus, from a blood mare by an [hnp^d] Horse. Cumberland Cy. Va. 1777. Thomas Moody. • Felix, ch. in. by Aral, dam by Shylock. Thomas T Tabb. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 3 1 Sir Archy— [Imp'd] Sir Harry-— Dare Devil, &c. -Bobbins, ch. f. by Kosciusko, dam by Hephesbon, g. darn Arion, g. g. dam by Romulus. by South Carolina, lKifi. B. F. Taylor. — Ruffin, ch. m. by Virginian, dam by Irby's Shylock, g. dam T i- Burton. Saunders, gr. f by Stockholder, nam by Pacolet. Taylor, ch. in. by First Consul, dam [by Imp'd] Obscurity Philadelphia Cy -Wilson, by Ratray, dam by Oscar 1827. Col. Emer". Wu.ks, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Daw Devil, g. g. dam bv Lamplighter, &c BIG BEN, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam Pandora by B^llair. See Phenomenon, also Charlemont or Strange's Traveller BLACK MARIA, by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfooi. '82i5. J. C. Stcpnent by Shark, dam by Clockfast, g. dam Maria by Regains, to 18v Boyer, &c. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 32? BUZZARD, Yoi'NG, m. by Hamilton*™ (of Va.) dam Old Buzzard [1$ /«?//(/] Buzzard, g. d. by Diomede, &c. ■ ■ - ■ Mare, ch. by Buzzard, dam Symmetry, bought by M Aip« ander. Geo. Jefferson C. CADMUS, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Shylock, g. dam [by [mp'd] Btd ford, &c. Kentucky. N. Hutchcrofu CADE, by Old Partner, dam [Imp'd] Kitty Fisher. 1780. Wm. Lumpkin. ch. c. bv Ajax, dam Tartar maro, &.c. 1791. CAIRA, ch. by Wildaii, (by Fearnought,) dam by Sloe, the dam of Grey Diomede. 1 796. Richard Brooke. CALYPSO, g. m. by Medley, dam Selima by Yorick. 1793. J. Tayloe. b. f. by Chance Medley, dam by Vintzun. Col. Chambers- by Nolimetangere, dam Lady Dudley by First Consul. CALENDER, ch. h. by American Eclipse, dam Princess by Sir Archy, g dam a full flooded mare. CALISTA. gr. f. by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton. J. Randolph. CALM EC, ch. c. by Timoleon, dam Fair Forester, &,c. 1331. Dr. Goodwin. CAMDEN, by Old Janus, dam Polly Haxen. King and Queen, Va. 1782. Har y Gaines. CAMELEON, dk. br. m. by Virginian, dam Rosetta [iy Imp^d] Dion. CAMILLA, [fmp'd] by Dove, &c. by Tanner, dam Stella by Tasker's Othello. Henry Carter. ■ cr ^. by Timoleon, dam Duchess by Bedford. Halifax, U. C. Robert A. Jones. by Old Wildair, dam Minerva by Obscurity. Wm. Broadnax. gr. m. by Old Peace Maker, (by Diomede,) dam Lady Eagle Yorick. 29 328 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. CARDINAL PUFF, [Imp'd] by Cardinal Puff, dam by Bardy, g. dam W Matchem, &,c. Herring Bay, Maryland, 1737. Sam. Harrison CARLO, [Imp'd] b. h. by Balloon, dam own sister to Peter Pindar by Java lin, g. dam Sweetheart by Herod — Snap, &c. 1809 Dr. Thornton. — [by Imp'd] Carlo, dam by imp'd Florizelle out of a mare raised by Col. R. K. Heath, &c. Major Gibbs. CARELESS, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam Camilla, by Dove— Othello- Spark, &.o. Maryland, 1776. Rich. Sprigg. ■ — by Cormorant, dam [by Imp'd] Shark, gr. dam Betsy 1'rin- gle, &,c. 1801. J. Hoomes -by Obscurity. CARNATION, br. h. by Virginian, dam Rosetta [by Imp'd] Dion. CAROLINE WHITEFOOT, b. m. by Oscar, dam Indian Hen by Othello, g. dam by Lloyd's Traveller, &c. Caroline Cy. Va. 1818. Elisha Wilson. CAROLINE, ch. f. by Mufti. b. f. by Eclipse, dam a Janus mare. b. in. by Old Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Dion, g. dam Mist Selden by Sorrel Diomede — Wildair, &c. 1823. Dr. Tho. Hall. CAROLINA, b. f. by Saltram, dam Medley mare, g. dam Old Reality, &c. Marmaduke Johnson. CAROLINIAN, gr. c. by True Blue, dam Medley mare, &,c Mark, gr. by Carolinian, dam gr. mare by Superior, gr. dam by Quicksilver — [Imp'd] Shark, &c. -b. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Druid, gr. darn by Wildaii by Fearnought, &c. CARROL, ch. c. by Sir William, dam Jennett by Muzzle Diomede. CARRION CROW, by Young Royalist, dam [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle. Paris, Kentucky. Jefferson Scoit. '♦^STIANIRA, [Imp'd] br. m. by Rockingham, dam Tabitha by Trent- ham out of the dam of Pegasus. Foaled, 1796. Imp'd 1799. John Tayloe. CASTANIA, by Arch Duke, dam Castianira. 1803. J. Tayloe. CASWELL, b. h. by Sir William, (by Sir Archy,) dam Lady Bedford, and half brother to Giles Scroggins. J. W Jeffries. CASTAWAY, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton. 1827. J. Randolph. CATHERINE THE GREAT, b. f. by Roanoake, dam young Grand Duchess. J. Randolph. I'ELER, [Imp'd'] by Old Janus, dam Brandon by Aristotle — Cullen Ara- bian, &c. Foaled, 1774. (Virginia, 1798.) Meade. Mare, by Celer, dam by Janus, &c. Green CELIA, by Old Wildair, dam Lady Bolingbroke. ■ ■ ■ ch. m. by Powhatan, dam [by Imj'd] St. Paul, g. dam Crj Sans Culotte, &,c. CLLERIMA, by Old Medley, dam by Old Celor, <$r. dam by Old Fea* nought. &c. 1797. Edmund Harrison. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 329 CENTINEL, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Blank out of Nay lor by Cade, Spectator'* dam by Partner, &,c. Foaled, 1758. CENTAUR, br. h. by Evan's Starling, dam an [Imp'd] mare. Foaled, 1764. CHAMBERLAIN, ch. h. by Diomede. CHANCE, [Imp'd] b. h. by Lurcher, (son of Dungannon,) dam by Hydei Ally— Peiditta by Herod — Fair Forester by Sloe, &c. 1797. JohnTayloe. Medley, gr. h. [by Imp'd] Chance, dam by Young Diomede, k by gr. Diomede,) g. dam by Imp'd Oscar, &c. CHANTICLEER, by Wildair, dam by Pantaloon, g. dam by Traveller- Mark Anthony, &,c. 1798. B.Wilkes. br. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost [by Imp'd] Pill Box by Imp'd Pantaloon — Morton's Traveller. Jas. G. Green. CHARLES CARROLL, ch. c. by Sir Charles, dam Susan by Bond's Sir Solomon, &c. CHARLES STEWARD, b. h. by Tuckah^e, dam by Sir Solomon. CHARLES MARE, by Sir Charles, dam by Young Hal, gr. dam by Bed- ford, g. g. dam [Imp'd] Trumpeter. CHARIOT, [Imp'd] b h. by Highflyer, dam Potosi by Eclipse— Blank- Godolphin Arabian — Snip — Partner, &c. Foaled, 1789. N. Carolina, 1800. J. & L. Lyne. CHARLEMONT, [Imp'd] b. c. (afterwards called Big Ben) in which name he ran many races in England, and afterwards in this country cahec 1 Traveller — he was got by O'Kelly's Eclipse, his dam by king Herod — Blank — Snip — Penton's Lady Thigh, &c. Foaled, 1786. Manchester, Va. Jas. Strange. CHARLEMAGNE, by Wildair, dam by Romulus by Mark Anthony, out of Judge Tyler's Pompadour. CHAT AM, by Fitzhugh's Regulus, dam Brent's Ebony, g. d. Selima [by Imp'd] Othello. Gunpowder Falls, 1786. Brogden. CHARLOTTE, ch. f. by Galatin, dam Anvelina. — — — by Sir Archy, dam Merino Ewe. W. R. Johnson. -Temple, full sister to Gohanna. CHEROKEE, by Sir Archy, dam Young Roxana by Hephestion. CHESNUT MARE, by Diomede, dam by Alderman, g. dam by Clockfa*, &c. J. Wickham. CHESAPEAKE, gr. h. by Sweeper. Gittings. CHEVALIER, by Celer, dam Brandon by Aristotle. B. Harrison. CHILDERS, [Imp'd] b. by Blaze, son of the Devonshire Cnilders dam bj Old Fox, &c. Stafford Cy. Va. 1759. Francis Thornton. Heath's, ch. h. by Baylor's Fearnought, dam an imported mare by Bajazet — Babraham — Sedbury, &.c. Rich. Barne* -b. h. [by Imp'd] Childers, dam by Traveller. Charles' County, Maryland, 1764. Geo. Lee. ■Flying, ch. (brother to Batler) by Sir Archy, dam by Rolim Redbreast. &.c. Gen. Wynne 330 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. CHIEFTA'N, :h. c. by Director, Ham by Hoskin's Sir Peter, gr. dam i»f Highlander, &e. Rich. Hill. C'HINOANGTl, [by Imp'd] Arab, dam Aurora by Imp'd Honest John. CICERO, by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Diomede g. dam bv Imp'd Fear nought — Jolly Roger, &c. ■ — Mark, (dam of Trifle by Cicero, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Bellair — Shark, &x. 1822. Tho. Graves. CITIZEN, Ump'd] b. h. by Pacolet, a son of Blank, a son of the Godol phin Arabian— Fairy Queen by Young Cade, &c. Foaled, 1785. — by Facolet, dam Fancy. Tennessee, 1818. by Timoleon, dam by Sir Hal, g. dam Ariadne, (Johnson's.; C1NCINNATUS, (Bowie's) by Lindsay's Arabian, h ■ dam [by Imp'd] Fi gure, g. dam Thistle by Imp'd Dove. by Bay Richmond, clam Blue Skin by Ba^ or's Fearnought. Ringold. CINDERELLA, full sister to Marshal Duroc. B. Badger. [Imp'd] b. f. by Sir Peter, her dam (Vivaldi's dam) by Mer cury, g. dam Cynthera, &,c S. Carolina. Gen. John McPherson. CIRCE, by Ariel, dam [Imp'd] Lady Northumberland. 1784. Beckwith Butler CLARA FISHER, by Kouskiruska, dam by Hephestion, g. d. by Roxana, (her dam never run, having been crippled.) b. f. by Virginius, dam Transport, CLAUDIUS, b. h. by Old Janus, dam Brandon by Aristotle. Andrew Meade. . by Meade's Claudius, dam by Cole's Eclipse. Mare, by Claudius, dam by Bolton, g. dam Sally Wright. 1791. J- Hooines. CLARISSA, b. m. by Sumpter, dam by Cook's Whip, [by Imp'd} Whip g. dam by Imp'd Spiead Eagle Bellair, &c CLERMONT, by Spread Eagle, dan- Peggy. (Went to the South.) J. Tayloe. ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam Josephine by Young Bedford, &c S. Carolina, 1824. J- J- Moore. CLEVELAND, ch. h. by Bussora out of a Director mare. J. M. Selden. CLEMENTINA, b. f [by Imp'd} Paymaster, dam Tulip. Maryland, 1795. ' Tho. M. Firman. CLEOPATRA, by Druid, dam by Pegasus. E. Haynes. CL1FDEN, [Imp'd] b. h. by Alfred, a son of Matchem, his dam by Flo-> zelle, g. dam by Matchem. foaled, 1817. Dr. Thornton. — [Imp'd] got by Abba Thulla, dam Eustatia by HighrljM— Wren by Woodpecker — Sir Peter Teazle's dam. 179^. Mare, by Doctor Thornton's [Imp'd] Clifden. dam uy R. Hall's Tom, he by Imp'd Eclipse. for Clifien,) ch. h. by Dr. Brown's Wonder, dam Iris by Stti ling, s. h. [by Imp'd] Pantaloon, dam Lady Northumberland, &c -s. h. by Sir Archy, dam Vixen by Jack Andrews. 1828. James G. Green. COMBINATION, by Gracchus, dam Evelina by Phenomenon. COMMUTATION, b. h. by Symme's Wiklair, dam by Yorick, g. dam by Little David, &c. 1788. John Beltield. COMPETITOR, by Dragon out of Celerima. COMMODORE, [fmp'dj bL b. h. 16 hands high by Caleb Quotem, (a sot of Sir Peter Teazle,) dam Mary Brown by Guilford, &lc. Geneva, N. Y. C. A. Williamson. COMET, ch. by Tayloe's Yorick, dam by Ranger, g. dam by Dove, g. 5 dam by Tasker's Othello, &c. John Brown. ch. h. by Old Janus, &c. 1 792. J. Lewis. CONSTANTIA, gr. f. [by Imp'd] Messenger, dam Betty Bell. • Thomas M. Foreman CONSTANTIA, b. m. [by hnp'd] Whip, dam by imp'd Bedford— impVJ Shark, Wormley King Herod. &c. 1814. D. ri. Allen CONSTELLATION, ch. c. by Thornton's Ratler, dam Nett/etop. L. Berkley dk. ch. by American Eclipse, dam Olivia. *9* / 332 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. CONSUL, by First Consul, dam [by Imp'd] Aracolien, Messenger, a T5asha» in a re, &c. Mare, by First Consul, dam [by Imp"-/,'} Obscurity, g. dam Moll by Grey Figure, &c. 1027. CONFESSOR, (Speculator,) by Shark, dam Fluvia by Partner out of the dam of Oracle, Wildair, Apollo, Partner, &c. J. Powell CORPORAL CASEY, ch. c. by Virginius, dam Josephine by Blanii'sBeci forH, &o. 1H26. J. J- Moore. COSSACK, b. c. by Marion, dam Canwlla by Timoleon. C. Manly COTTAGE GIRL, ch. f. by Am. Eclipse, dam Agnes by Sir Solomon. Sold to T. Harrison, Boston. COUNT BADGER, ch. c. by American Eclipse, dam by Hickory. Boush. COUNT BERTRAND, b. h. by Old Bertrand (of South Carolina) dai Constantia [by Imp' J] Whip. Piper, ch. c. by Marshal Duroc, dam [by Imp'd] Expedition, g. dam by imp'd Royalist. Daniel Holmes. COUNTESS, ch. m. by Ridgley's Young Oscar, dam oy Little Bay Post Boy, and out of the Mountain Filly, &,c. COWSLIP, [Imp'd] by Virtumnus, dam by a son of Latham's Snap, g. dam Clementine, ifcc. by Bedford, dam [Imp'd] Hackabout, Sic. CRAB, \ Imp'd] ch. fifteen and a half hands high by Old Fox, his dam th« Warlock Galloway by Snake, &c. Foaled, 1739. CREMONA, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam Gasteria. CRAZY JANE, b. in. by Rob Roy, dam Josephine, &c. J. Lewis. by Allen's Skyscraper, dam a Cincinnatus mare, g. dam b% Galloway's Selim. CRAWFORD, [Imp'd] gr. h. bred by the Duke of Cumberland, and got by his Arabian. Covered in Va. in 1762. Robert Riiflin. CRAWLER, b. h. by Highflyer, his dam Harriet by Old Matcliem, &c. Tennessee. CRUSADER, by Sir Archy, dam Lottery by Bedford. South Carolina, 1830. CUB, [Imp'd] ch. h. fifteen hands three inches high, bred by Mr. Grenville, got by Old Fox, his dam Warlock Galloway — Cm wen's Bay Barb &c. Foaled, 1739. . Mare, [Imp'd] by Cub a son of Fox, her dam by Torismond, son of the Bolton Starling, her g. dam by second brother to Snip. 6lc. 1767. Delancv. CUB, (called Old,) b. h. by Yorick by Silver Legs out of Moll Brazen, Slc Westmoreland, Va. Daniel McCarthy. Make, b. m. [by Imp'd] Figure out of imp'd Cub mare, (killed running a race.) J. L. Gibson. CUMBERLAND, gr. h. by Pacolet, dam Virginia by Dare Devil. James Jackson. CUPBEARER, b. h. by Bedford, dam Louisa by Harris' Eclipse. John Tayloe. by Florizelle, dam by Bellair. CURTIUS, by Diomede, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Patriot. CUT LEG, ch. f. by Gracchus, dam Everlasting. 1SIH. John Ranuoipo 334 AMERICAN STUD BOOK CUPID OSCAR, b. h. by Edelin's Oscar, jun. dam by Thornton's Me»»ury, g. darn by Bowie's Sportsman, &c. Pr. Geo. Maryland, 1 827. Thomas N. Baden. CYPRON, b. m. by Van Tronip, dam Miss Madison by Lurcher. f YPRUS, dap. gr. by Smiling Tom, dam by Silver Legs, (the dam ol McCarthy's Cub.) CYPHAX, by Janus out of an [Imp'd] Mare. Jas. City, Va. 1775. John Walker. CYGNET, by Cormorant out of Blossom. Turner Dixon. D. DABS TER, [Imp'd] by Hobgoblin— Spanker— Hautboy, $ Imp'd] Badger— Forester. &* AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 3CT7 DOLLY PATMAN, ch. by Sir Alfred, dam by Tom Tough, g ilaiu of Kell:^ by Dandridge's Fearnought HOLLA BELLA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Pay Doll. 182.-1. J. Randolph. DON CARLOS, [by Tmp'd] Valentine, dan: Fenella by Silver Heels. b. b. [by Imp'd] Figure, dam Primrose by Dove. 1780. * Dr. Hamilton. DON JUAN, ch. c. by Timoleon, dam Rosemary [by Imp^d] Diomede. by Rattler, dam by Oscar, g. dam by Medlev. Dr. Thornton. DONGOLAH, by Mark Anthony, dam Nancy Bell by Fearnought, g. dam Miss Bell. DOMINICA, gr. h. [by Twp'd] Dove — Regiilus — American horse Othello— thorough bred Imp'd mare. DORA, b. f. by Kosciusko, dam Josephine. 1825. " John S. Moore. DORACLES, [by tmp'd] Shark, dam by Clockfast. DOTTRKLL, [Imp'd] g. fifteen and a half hands high, got by Changeling, his dam bv a son of Wvnn's Arabian. Foaled, 1750 Westmoreland Cy. Va 1766. Philip L. Lee DOUBTLESS, by Fitz Diomede, (son of Diomede,) dam by Picture, g. dam by Sweet Su:ry by Spaclille. G. P. Tayloe. DOUBTFUL, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam Medley mare. John Hoomes. DOVE, [Tmp'd] gr. by Young Cade, dam by Teazer out of a Gardiner mare, &c. 1762. Dr. Hamilton. DOUCE DAVIE, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Cornelia. 1825. J. Randolph. DRAGON, [Tmp'd] by Woodpecker, dam Juno by Stectator, Horatio by Blank, — Childers — Miss Belvoir, &c. Died 1812, aged 25 years. John Hoomes. [by Tmp'd] Dragon — Truxton — Barry's Grey Medley — Stern — Pillu;ar!ic, iu< by Honi«( 30 340 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. ELVIRA, eh f. by Bedford, dam Virginia Sorrel. (Sold in H. King.^ J. TaOoo. EMIGRANT. by Carolinian, dam Pet by St. Tamman?. EMPRESS, [by Imp'd] Baronet, dam by Old Messenger— Snap — Trui Briton, &,c. Elatbush, Long Island. ENDLESS, ch. f. by Gracchus, out of sister to Everlasting. 1819. J. Randoloh. ENTERPRISE, b. h. by Diomede, dam Forlorn Hope. Henry Macklin. ■ by Florizelle, dam by Saltrara, (the dam of Timoleon anJ Constitution.) -(See Grey Diomede.) ENGINEER, ch. [by Imp'd] Eagle, dam by imp'd Archduke out of imp'd Castianira, &c. Broadnax. EQUA, ch. m. [by Imp'd] Chance, dam by Republican President, g. dam by imp'd Figure — Dove, &c. 1815. Isaac Duckett. EQUINOX, ch. c. [by Imp'd] Baronet, dam Tulip. 1799. T. M. Forman. ERIEL, (or Ariel,) gr. m. by Am. Eclipse, dam Empress by Financier. ESCAPE, (or Horns,) [Imp'd] ch. h. fifteen and a half hands high, was got by Precipitate, his dam by Woodpecker, his g. dam by Sweet Brier, out of the dam of Buzzard by Dux — Curiosity by Snap— Regulus, &.c. ^ Foaled, 1798. John Hoomes. N. B. Escape was called Horns in England, under which name he raced. — 1 Mixer's, [by Imp'd'] Escape, dam by imp'd Bedford, g. dam imp'd Gasteria. — Make, ch. bred by Dr. Thornton in 1821 by Miner's Escape, dam Young Adeline by Topgallant. Irvine. -of the West, by American Eclipse, dam Moggy Slamican. Courtland Cy. N. Y. Ebenezer Hopkins. ■ ■ by Timoleon, dam by Sir Harry, g. dam by Old Diomede. Robert Saunders. ETHIOPIA, bl.m. by Tayloe'sBedford(by Bedford) dam by Pot8os, who wa* by Old Medley out of a Conductor mare, g. dam Celer, &c. EVELINA, by Phenomenon, dam by Regulus, g. dam by Lindsay's Ara- bian, Rosamond, gr. m. by Sir Archy, dam Forlorn Hope. H. Macklin. FAIRY, by Sir Alfred, dam [Imp'd] Promise. b. in. by Tom Tough, dam [by Imp'd] Archibald — Lothario— Whig, &c. by Herod, dam by Diomede — Gimcrack, &c. Joseph Bailey, by Bedford, dam Mambrino by Mambrino full sistt- of Nai- lor's Solly. Foaled, 1797. A. Spotswood- FAIR STAR, b. f. by Torpedo, dam Betsy Wilkes. Foaled, 1831. G. A. Blaney, U. S. A. FANNY, ch. f. by Coeur de Lion, dam Fanny Foster by Wildair. Tennessee, 1808. FANNY FOSTER, ch. by Old Wildair, dam by Old Partner— Old Feai nought — Old Jolly Roger, &c. N. Carolina, 1795. John Foster. Murray, g. f. own sister to Miss Peyton. 1814. John Randolph. ■ Cole, br. b. by Francisco, dam Sting by Jack Andrews. Benjamin Harrison. Fairmaid, ch. in. by Rob Roy, dam Fairmaid by First Con sul, &ic. -Hii.i,, ch. f. by Sir William, dam Diomede mare by Ragland'i Diomede, &c. FANTAIL, br. in. by Sir Archy, dam Sally McGhee. FANCY, br. m. by Wilke's Wonder, dam by Mark Anthony, Fearnought, Sic Tennessee, 1809. J. Sumner, by Jubilee, (by Independence,) dam Stella. by Independence, (by Atkinson's Fearnought) dam by Amen cus — [Imp'd] Traveller— Monkey, &,c. H. Macklin. FARMER JOHN, b. c. by Sterling, clam [Imp'd] Janette. Richird Hoomes. FAVOURITE, [Imp'd] b. m. by Volunteer, dam by Mate hem. Dwnty D«j vey— Bayton, Sic., bred by Mr FenwkA. Foaled, 1790. Imp'd 1796. John Hoome> — — >y Old Fearnought dam. Gen. Jones — (Old) by Bellair, dam by Bedford, Pantaloon, &e. (Wyr.lv'*} F. Thornton, (cf "A'art^n.) 342 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. FAYETTE oy Fitzhugb's Regulus, dam by Othello, [Imp* J) Juniper, Mei ton's Traveller, dec. Charles Ciiy Cy. Va. 1788. Presley Thornton. FEARNOUGHT, [Imp'd] br. bay, fifteen hands three inches high got by Regulus, (who was by the Godolphin Arabian) dam Silver Tail o) Heneague's Whitenose, her dam by Rattler, &,c. Died 1776, aged 21 years. J. Baylor. . Drandriges, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam . _ Bath &. Mackun's, [by Imp , d) Fearnought, dam an imp'fl mare, bought of the widow of Col. Mail near Norfolk, &.c. Wicksford, Va. 1777. Edwards. FEATHER, ch. f. by Rattler, dam Marianna. Fred. Cy. Va. 1827. B. F. Whiting FEDERALIST, by Lath, dam by Old Fearnought out of Col. Tusker's Se lima, raised by J. Tayloe. J. Pryor. FENELLA, by Silver Heels, dam Black Merino by Vintzun — Comet — Doa Carlos— Old Figure, &c. Eastern, Maryland. G. S. Winder, -ch m. by Smith's Alfred, dam by Dungaimon — Nimrod— [Jmp\i\ Hamilton — Ball's Florizelle, &.c. by Cornet (by Tayloe's Vorick,) dam by Don Carlos. Mount Calvert, 1795. John Brown, -ch. f. by Stockholder, dam Rosetta by Wilke's Wonder. FIDELITY, c. f. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Alfred — Florizelle — Diomede &c Pcnsa. Edward Parker. FIGURE, [lmp\T] b. h bv Grey Figure — Old Figure by an Arabian, hit dam the dam ofBov le's Cyrus, and got by Young Standout, hisgr. dam. Old Jason, \oung Figure's dam was Marianna dam of Ralph G ore's gr. mare. 1767. Dr. Hamilton. .. [Imp'd] gr. h. by Standard, dam a Beaufort Arabian mare- Lord Brooke's Arabian — Brimmer — Darley's Arabian, &c. Foaled, 1747. -b. h. by Hamilton's [fmp'd] Figure, dam Brent's Ebony. Meckknberg, Va. 1777. P. Skepvvith. Young, (See Young Figure.) -hy Yorick, dam an Ebony mare. FINANCIER, by Tippoo Saib, (who was by Old Messenger) dam by Old Messenger — Bashaw, &c. FIREFLY, ch. f. by Reigo, dam Shepherdess by Phenomenon. Richard Adams. FIRETA1L, [Imp'd] b. by Phenomenon out of Columbine by Espusike'* &.C. 1801. lmp'd by Cain & Ray. FIREBRAND, [frnp^d] ch. c by Buzzard out of Fanny, own sister to King Fergus the sire of Hamiltonian. FIRST CONSUL, by Flag of Truce, dam [6* Tmtfd] Slender, g. dam imp'd Dion by famous Eclipse. Philadelphia, 1804-.7 John P. Bond. FIRST FRUITS, dk. br. c. by Randolph's Roanoake, dam Cameleon by Virginian — Rosetta, &c. FITZPARTNER, bv Old Partner, dam Brandon [by Imp'd} Aristotle. Albemarle, Va. 1800. David Clarkson. Fr AGFLLATOR, ch. h. by Sea Gull, dam Honesty [by lmp'd] Expedi •Tan, g. dam by Imp'fl Messenger, &c. John Frost. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 313 FLAG OF TRUCE, (Goode's) byGoldfinder,damby Fhmnap- ArtstotJe--- Fearnouglu, &c. Prince George Cy. Col. Portress. FLEETWOOD, b. c by Washington, nam by Sir Robin, (he by Robin Red- breast,) g. dam by Dare Devil, &c FLIMNAP, [Imp^d] b. h. fourteen and a half hands high, by South, darr Cygnet niaie, bred by Sir John Moore, g. dam by Ebony — Clnldeis, &x. Sorth Carolina, 1780. Foaled, 1765. FI JRTILLA, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Robin Redbreast — Obscurity, &c. Sussex Gy. Va. Win. Wynne. [Imp'd] ch. m. by Virtumnus, O'Kelly's Flirtilla by Squirrel — Helen by Blank — Crab — out of own sister to Old Partner. (Died 1798.) J. Tayloe. FLORIZELLE, [Imp\T] (Helen's) dap. bay sixteen hands high by the noted Florizelle, out of a brown mare by Alfred, his g. dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade, g. g. dam Black Eyes by Crab out of Warlock, Gal- loway by Snake, &c. \lmp\i] 1794 by Helen for Ringgold & Co. ■ « — ch. s. [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam by Imp'd Shark — Harris' Eclipse — Fearnought — Old Jolly Roger. Broad Rock, Va. 1806. Wm. Ball. -gr. c by Grey Diomede, dam Louisa by Eclipse. Foaled, 1795. J. Tayloe. -(Graves') by Old Florizelle, dam by Old Spread Eagle, gr. dam by Boxer, g. g. dam by Eclipse — Fearnought, &c. Young. (See Young Florizelle.) John M. Burton. -Mare, ch. by Ball's Florizelle, dam [by Imp'd] Cripple- Wonder— Old Bedford, &c. J. Selden. FLORIZELLA, br. f. [by lmp'd] Florizelle, dam Betsy Bell. Foaled, 1802. Thos. M. Forman (or Grey Tail) by Ball's Florizelle, dam (Dr. Cutler's race mare) by Wildair, g. dam by Apollo — Eclipse — Mark Anthony [Imphl] Partner, &c. -by Florizelle, dam Black Eyed Susan by Potomac. Georgia. Jos. Hester. FlORA, by Roanoake, dam [lmp , d~\ Lady G. - — b. m. by Florizelle, dam Miss Dance by Roebuck, g. dam b> Independence, &c. Alex. F. Rose _ _ ch. m. by Ball's Florizelle, dam Ins. J. Lewis, -b. f. by Heath's Childers, darn Maggy Lauder. Foaled, 1789. T. M. Forman. -ch. by Am. Eagle, (by [Imp y d] Spread Eagle,) dam by Imp'u Dare Devil, g. dam by True Whig — Regulus, &c. FLOUNCE, ». f. by Buzzard, clam Portia. Delaware, 1828. Thos. Massey. I LORETTA, (Ed el in's) [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle, dam by Hall's Unioi - Leonidas— Othello, &c. FLORIDA, b f. by Contention, dam by Francisco— Jack Andrews— Dar« Devil— Clock fast, &c. by Old Rattler, dam Flora by Ball's Florize'.'ie. 1H27. J Lewis t'LOTE. ch. c. hv Neal's Archy, (by Old Sir Aichy, x dam Marv Grey. 3Q #" U. J. G'8t 344 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. FLLVIA, by Partner, dam Fluvia by Celer. J. Tr.yloe. FLYING DUTCHMAN, b. h. by John Richards, dam by Ec.ipse, g dair. by Tippoo Saib — [Imp^d] Royalis*., &,c. FLYING CHiLDERS, ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam (the dam of Sumpter,) by Robin Redbreast. Wynne. FORLORN HOPE, gr. m. by Bellair, dam Fancy by Independence. Henry Macklin. f ORTUNATUS, by Conway's Black and All Black, dam a full bred daughter of Tavloe's Yorick. Goochland Cy/Va. 1782. FORTUNIO, b. c. by Cormorant, dam Broadnax bv Old Janus, V] b. f. by Balloon, (he by Highflyer,) dam a Marske mare — her dam Cremona by Regulus, &x. 1796. GASCOIGNE, by Roanoake, dam Lady G. 1824. J. Randolph. GATROMINA, ch. f. by Timoleon, dam Nili. GAY, by Celer, dam by Old Partner, g. dam by Valiant, Col. By /d's [Imp 1 d] Tryall, &c. GAYOSO, b. c. by Rinaldo, dam Orange. 1829. Thos. Massey. GAZELLA, by Bussora, dam Hyacinth. GEM1MA, by" Bedford, dam [Imp'd] Rachel by Drone. Wade Hampton GENESIS, h. c. by Sir Archy, dam Henrietta by Sir Hal. Bait. 1827. Pit. Wa'P* GENTLE KITTY, by Young Post Boy, dam Gen. Ridgby's Dairy M»i4 by Bedford. by Archibald dam. GEORGE ST. (See St. George.) GEORG1ANA, by Sir Archy, dam Gattellier's mare. 1826. Wm. Wynne. ch. m. by Napoleon, dam Old Poll by Druid. E. B. Hicks GESTION, by Spread Eagle, dam Calypso. 1802. J. Tayloe. GIANN1NI, hi. b. m. by Burwell's Post Boy— [Imp rfj i.o'ee Chariid ou, *J the Cumming's mare, &,c. Granville, N. C. 1809. SIANT, I), h. by Sir Archy, dam Anderson's Twir,. (&V Old Twig,) g. d by Commutation — Eaton's Garrick. &c. 310 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. GIFT. {See. AmericaA GILES SCROGGINS, by Sir Archy, dam Lady Bedford. N. Carolina, 1828. W. B. Moses. GIMCRAOK, ro. h. by Hart's [Imp'd] Medley, dam bv Ariel, &.c. 1788. Peter Randolph. G1PSEY, ch. f. by Sterling, dam Hebe, by Dare Devil, g. dam by Old Med- ley, Bri'ania, A:c. Petersburg, 1782. Thomas E*inn. GREY MARE, by Slouch, [by Imp'd] Medley out of a full bred mine. N. B. The dam of the gr. m. was sold by W. A. Lee to Di f.U>j Ir- vine. GREY ARCHY, by Old Sir Archy, dam by Grey Medley, (son of [Imp'd] Medley,) g. dam by imp'd Messenger, &.c. Tennessee, 18 10. B. P lilips GREY DOLL, by Spot, (before he was castrated,) dam by Stirling (son of Volunteer) Duetta by Silver Tail. John Randolph. -Medley, (Barry's) by Old Medley, dam by Blacl. and AY Black, g. dam by Bay Bolton — Old Partner, &c. N. Carolina. George Williams. Alfred, by Lindsay's Arabian, dam [by Imp'd'] Tom Jones- -Diomede, gr. h. [byjmp'd] Diomede, dam by Flag of Truce Brimmer — Silver Eye, &.C 1808. Barksdale. Diomf.de, or Enterprise, [by Imp J d] Medley, dan. by Sloe, g dam by Vampire, &c. Sold to J. Tayloe, 1793. Richard Biooke. Beard, by Kosciusko, dam [Imp'd] Psyche. R. Singleton. Badger, by Eden's [Imp'd] Badger, dam by imp'd Selim. Benjamin Ogle* Childers, by Medley, dam by Partner. Thomas Ea»on. Orphan, by Orphan, (he by Ball's Florizelle,) dam by Imp**. Diomede, dam of Grey Orphan, Mary Grey. John Gist. GREYHOUND, gr. [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle, dam Pandora by imp'd Mtd lev, &c. 1806. H. T. Thornton. GUNNILDA, [Imp'd] got by Star, by Regulus, by the Godolplnn Arabian- G ULNA RE, gr. f. by Duroc, dam Sportinistress. Queens Cy. N. V. 1824. Thomas PearsalL II. HACK A BOUT, [Imp'd] got by Eclipse, dam by Cyphon and sister to Tan- dem, g. dam sister to Apollo by Regulus — Snip, &.c. Foaled 1794. Imp'd 1798. John Hoomcs. HAIL STORM, b. h. [by Imp'd] Pantaloon, dam Wir.gyfeet by Jolly Ro- ger, g. dam Melpomone by Bunnell's Traveller, &,c. Charles Citv, 1802. Fr. H. Dancey. HALF PONE, by Rattler, dam Maid of Patuxent by Magie, g. dam Kitty Fox, by a son of imp'd Venetian. H. G. S. Key HALL'S UNION, (See Union Hall's.) HAMBLETON", or Hamilton, [Imp'd] br. b. sixteen hands high by Dun gannon, his dam by Snap, gr. dam by Blank, Partnei, GreytHund, &c. Foaled, 1791. Win. Lightfoot HAMJLTONIAN, or Hamlintonian, ch. ii. by Diomede, dam by »)>aik,| dam by Spol by A polio. I H01. J- T* >• .118 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. HAMLET, b. c. by Maryland Eclipse, dam Forest Maid. Laurenceviile, Va. 1830. R. K. Mead« sor. (ch.) h. by Hall's Eclipse, dam Shepherdess by Chatam, &c. J. H. Harrison. H\NOVER, by Bussora, dam by Sir Archy, &c. HANNIBAL, by Sir William, dam Sally Currie. 1828. J. W. Jeffries. HANNAH, b. m. by Moore's Archy, dam by Buchanan's Medley — Old Celer — Hector, &x. HANDEL, by Goode's Herod, (he by Diomede,) dam by Thornton's Wil- dair — Bellair — Symmes' Wildair, &,c. H. D. HAFHAZARD, bv Collector, dam bv Fearnought — Spadilla, &c. 1805. J. Tayloe. HARDIN1A BURNLEY, bl. m. by Old Roebuck, dam by Old Bedford— Bellair, «fcc. W. D. Taylor. HARMONY, [by Imp'd] Figure, dam Stella, (the dam of Primrose and Thistle) by imp'd Dove. Hamilton b. m. by Cragg's Sweeper, dam [by Imp'd] Dove, g. dam Se- lima by Othello, &x. 1784. Walter Bowig. HARVEY BIRCH, by Richmond, dam by Sir Alfred. HARLEQUIN, ch. h. by Gabriel, dam by Venetian— True Whig— Cub, ])ridge,- N. Y. Edw. Long. HENRIETTA, br. m. by Sir Hal, dam Lady Burton. 1822. J. W. Eppes. ■ ' b. f. by Henry, dam Agnes. Bait. 1827. Philip Wailis. <— — gr. m. by Sir Archy, dam Forlorn Hope. Henry Macklin. HEPHESTION, red s. h. by Buzzard, dam Castianira. (Sold for $1400.) 1809. J. Tayloe. HEROD, [Imp'd] gr. h. by Young Herod, son of Old Herod out of Lord Clermont's Stud, a daughter of Conductor. 1 790. J. Hoomes. H1AZIM, ch. c. by Sir Archy, dam Jenny by Archduke. HICKORY, ch. h. by Gracchus, dam Everlasting. John Randolph. • br. h. [by Imp'd] Whip, dam Dido by imp'd Dare Devil, g dam by Symmes' Wildair, r. Christ, ans. HUNTRESS, ch. m. by Cherokee, dai i [by Imp'd] Buzzard, tkc. Kentucky. HUGO, ch. c. by Sir Charles, dam [by Imp'd] Chance, g. dam Celia by Symmes' Wildair — Lady Bolingl roke, &c Richard Adams. HURRY'EM, [by Imp'd] Precipitate, dam Dixon's Pill Box. Messrs. Minges. HYDER ALLY, dap. gr. by Lindsay's Arabian, dam by Othello — g. dam (an imp'd mare from the Duke of Hamilton's slud) by Spot. Foaled, 1782. Dr. Marshall. HYENA, br. in. by Young Wonder, (full brother of Nell Saunders) out of Rosy Clack, &c. 1320. HYPERION, by Diomede, dam Patsy Walthall by Medley, &c. I. IDIORA, b. m. [by Imp'd] Citizen, dam by imp'd Sea Gull, gr. dam bj Huntsman — Old Janus, &,c. Foaled, 1810. Charles Shields. INAUGURAL, b. c. by Arab, dam Jenny by Archduke. 1829. J- C. Goode. INDEPENDENCE, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam Dolly Fine, by Old Silver Eye, &c. Col. Hickman. -ch. f. by Pacolet, dam Fancy. Tennessee. J- Sumner, -by Old Potomac— [Imp'd] St. Paul — Imp'd Old Diomedo Mead's Old Pilgrim, &c. .NDUSTRY, br. b. by Sir Archy' dam Dixon. INDIAN QUEEN, by Pilgrim dam, dam of Belleville, and g. dam of Sir William. W. Wilkins. WDjAN HEN, by Othello, dam by Lloyd's Traveller, g. dam by Figure, g. g. dam was imp'd by Mr. Crow of Philadelphia, and was fuil sister to Irish Grey, &,c. Damn. INDIANA, br. m. by Flonzelle, dam by Thornton's Medley, g. dam bj Cragg's Highflyers-Hall Union, Bedford— Lamplighter, &.c. Wm. D. Taylor. •« Grey, b m. by Orphan Boy, dam Dy Oscar — [Imp'd] Expe d it ion, &.c. 31 352 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. JANE GREY, gr. f. by Old Slouch, dam Nancy Dawson. . Lowndes, [by Imp'd] Driver, dam Modesty, g. d. Madge h? Hall's Union. iANUS, [Imp'd] bl. h. fifteen bands one inch high, by Old Stirling— Oid Oral) — Monkev — Basto, &.c. Foaled, 1 754. ' Wm. Hynes'. . [Imp'd] ch. by Janus, dam by Fox — Bald Galloway, &c. Died 1779-80, aged 34. Gloucester Gy. Va. Mordecai Booth. _ ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam Frenzy by Sans Culotte. _ ._ -Young, b. (See Young Janus.) J. Randolph, -b. c. by Spread Eagle, dam Broadnax ]8Q2. Rich. Hoomes. Mare, ch. by Old ch. Janus, [Imp'd] dam by Dapple John on! of a full sister to Harlot by Janus. JEFF, br. c. by Stockholder, dam Maria Hill by Oscar. Nimrod Porter. JEFFERSON, br. h. by Virginian, dam Old Favourite by Bellair, &c. 1825. J. J. Harrison. JENNY, by Archduke, dam [by Imp'd] Stirling, g. dam by Imp'd Obscuri- ty out of Miss Slamerkin. JLNNY GAMERON, by Lloyd's Traveller, dam Kitty Fisher. 1785. Wm. Scott. _ . . [Imp'd] was got by Cuddy, a son of Old Fox, by Miss Bell* voir. John Tayloe. -Dismal, [Imp'd'] by Old Dismal, he by the Godolphin Ara- bian — her dam by Lord Godolphir.'s Whitefoot, &c. Col. Baylor. -Deans, ch. m. by Gracchus, dam Cornelia. 1815. J- Randolph. -Deans, br. b. by Virginian, dam by Bainbridge, g. dam by Jolly Air, g. g dam by Why Not, &,c. Wilmington, N. G. W. B. Mears. -Di'tek, by True Briton, dam Quaker Lass by Juniper, g. d. [Imp'd] Molly Pacolet, &c. _ Kiland, b. in. by Doublehead, (he [by Imp'd] Diomede,) out of Folly Medley — Mark Anthony, &c. VVi.M)Fi.owEK, ch. in. by Bernadotte, dam Kate Cole. -Gockracv, ch. in. by Potomac, dam [by Imp'd] Saltram— Imp'd Wildair — Driver — Fearnought, &c. 1814. Kentucky. E. Warfield. JERRY, dap. gr. by Pacolet, dam by Topgallant, g. dam by Grey Medley, &c. Col. Elliott. JESSICA, b. m. by Shylock, dam [by Imp'd] Young Si Peter Teazle, g dam Castianira, (dam of Sir Archy.) Rich. Adam*. JEZEBEL, ch. f. by Bedford, dam Miss Chance, &c. Mess *». Tayloes. JESSAMINE, br. f. by Dockon, dam Virginia, (Coquette.) 1824. J- Ferguson i ET, bl. f. by Bluster, dam Statira. 1820. J. Randolph JEWESS, b. I. by Roanoake, dam Jessie* JJA1 CRACK. (See Gim Crack.) AMERICAN STUD BOOK 353 JU T, {jr. f by Ajax, Hani Nancy Dawson. 1791. JIM CARR, br. f. by Forester, dam Forest Maid. 1831. Rich. I. Meade. JOAN, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Grey Doll. J. Randolph. JOHN BROWN, ch. by Sir Charles, dam Sally Brown. JOLLY FRIAR, by Garrick, dam descended from Gilmour's Milk Ma.d, &c. JOHN BULL, [Imp'd] ch. by Fortitude, dam Xantippeby Eclipse, g. dam Grecian Princess by Forester, &c. b. m. by Gabriel, dam Active by Chatam, &c. N. B. — She was called John Bull by Gov. Wright, from his having exchanged a bull for her with Col. Lyles of Md. JOHN DISMAL, ch. by Sober John, dam Jenny Dismal. ' Richards, b. k. by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, (by Shark,) g. dam [by Imp^d] Medley — Wildair — Nonpareil, &c. -Hancock, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Roanoka by Florizell* 1823. John Randolph. Stanley, b. h. by Sir Hal, dam Ariadne [by Iinp'd] Citizen, ~-BOLL\GBROKE, by Pantaloon dam, dam of King Herod, g. aam Primrose by Dove, (a Son of Cade.) Col. Selden. Bull, [Imp'd] by John Bull, dam by Pumpkin — Fleacatclier — SqLir» rel, &.c. Foaled, 1796 Johr. Houmei 31* 856 AMERICAN STUD BOOK LADY BUG, b. Oy Young Florizelle, dam by Jack Andrews — Driver — High flyer, &c. Wm. D. Taylor. ■ Burton, by Sir Archy, dam Sultana : she was out of the mare got by the horse sent as a present by the Bey of Tunis to Thos. Jefierson. 1813. J. W. Eppes. Bedford, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam by imp'd Dare Devil — Mercury — Apollo — Joliy Roger. (See also Bedford mare) foaled, 1810. J. W. Jeffries. m ■ Bun bury, [Imp'd] b. oi. by Trumpeter, dam Theopha, (sister to Old Tut; by Highflyer — Plaything by Matchem — Vixen by Regulus, &,c Foaled, 1802. J. Randolph. '■ Burleigh, by Silver Heels, dam (Sterne's Maria) by Major Gibbs Carlo, (by imp'd Carlo,) g. dam by Ridgley's Cincinnatus, &c Richard Craddocks. Chesterfield, by Old Diomede, dam Lady Bolingbroke. Col. Selden. m Culpepper, „h. m. by Carolinian, dam full sister of Defiance and Ro venge, &c. Md. H. G. S. Key. Dudley, by First Consul, dam Edelin's Floretta. Dudley Digges. Eagle, gr. m. [by Imp'd] Eagle, dam Spot by Bedford. Albemarle, 1817. Walter Coles. Essex, ch. f. by Grey Diomede, dam Virginia Sorrel. 1797. J. Tayloe. Flirt, ch. m. by Hickory, dam by Duroc. Isaac Snedeker. FiF.Ln, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Diomede. 1830. J. J. Harrison. — -«- — G. [Imp'd] (Magician's dam,) bred by Sir Thos. Gascoigne, got by Hambletonian, Golden Locks by Delphine, Violet by Shark, Quick's Charlotte by Blank, Crab, &c. Roanoake, 1804. John Randolph. — •—Grey, [Imp'd] by Gohanna, dam by Grey Skin — Woodpecker — He rod — Young Hag by Skim, (fee. Foaled, 1803. -Gray, by Robin Gray, dam by Melzar — g. dam [by Imp'd] Highfly er — Fearnought, &.c. ——Jane Gray, b. f. by Kosciusko, dam by Big Ben. ■Greensville, by Conqueror, dam by Ban's Diomede. ^-.......■~- . , ~ j j — . — , — j ~ — - - -Granville, b. in. by Roanoake, dam [by Imp'd] Bryan O' Lynn- True Blue— -Celer— Old Partner, &c. Oxford, N. C. 1827. Wm. M. bneed. — — Hal, by Sir Hal, dam Beauty by Diomede. Maryland. James Sewall. — — Harrison, [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle, dam by imp'd Herod, g. dam by VVildair — imp'd King Herod, &c. ———Hamilton ian, by Sir Arthur, (he by Sir Archy,) dam Bet Bounce. .-* Jane, [by Imp'd] Obscurity, dam Molly by Grey Figure out of th« Old Slamerkin mare. — J«ne, by Poiomac, dam Anvelina. N. Carolina, 1811. J. B. Ricnardson. Jane, b. f. by Shylock, dam Dutchess by Bedford. 182'i. Mark Alexander — Jackson, ch. m. by American Eclipse, dam Lady of the Lake. «" ■■ J Av:k Bull, [by Imp'd] Gabriel, dam Active by C ha tain. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 35*7 LADY LA GRANGE, ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Dr&gcn, g. dam by imp'd Medley — Mark Anthony, foe Laurenceville, Va. R. K. Meade. .——Light foot, (Maria,) dk. br. m. by Sir Archy, dam Black Maria by Shark, &c. Foaled, 1812. J- T. ™ the Lake, b. m. by KOsciufko, dam by Bedford — g. dam Meilis- sant by Arion — Obscurity — Valiant, foe. S. Carolina. Foaled, 1814. B. F. Taylor. or thf. Lake, b. m. [by Imp'd] Sir Harry, dam by imp'd Diomede— imp'a St. George — imp'd Fearnought, vn, D. C. V 27. Peter. '^ETITIA, b. m. by VVSip, dam by Buzzard, g. dam by Grey Dionied^ &x. Woodfd. Cy. Kentucky. E. M. B -by Tfi'xton. dam by Elegant, (he [by Imp'd] Fearnought,) g dam by Bel'air — Wildair, &c. Galla Tennessee. A. B. Shelby. W I'.THAN, [Imp'd] (first called JWazercon,) ch. got by Muley out of a Windle mare, g. dam by Anvil out of Virago by Snap — Muley by Orville, and he by Bcnningbrough, and he by King Fergus out of a Herod mare. Foaled, 1« Jolly Roger, (fee. 1800. Andrew Wood ey. LIBERTY, by Sharp's Othello, dam by George's Juniper. Maryland. Charles R.dglev. . by Burwell's Emperor, dam by Zane's Ranger, g. dam by Alark Anthony, 'y I'tip'd] Precipitate, dam by Dungannon, Mark Anthony, &c. Major Bayly. MALCOLM, b. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Alfred — Hoomes' Tom Tough — Imp'd Spread Eagle, &c. Wm. Wynne. MAMELUKE, br. b. by Bagdad Arabian, dam Depro by Bay Baronet— \Iinp\l] Crop, &c Boston. Edw. Elridge MAMBRINO, dk. c. by American Eclipse, dam Grand Dutchess. Delaware Cy. Pa. 1830. Humphrey Hill. MANFRED, [Imp^d] b. foaled 1796, by Woodpecker, oam by Mercury, g. dam by Highflyer, &.C. (Died.) J. Hoomes. MARCELLA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam [Imp'd] Philadelphia. 1823. J. Randolph. MARCELLUS, (formerly Red Rover,) ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam Shep- herdess by Phenomenon, 6 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. ch. in. by Rattler, dam by Ogle's Oscar — Ridgley's rlam)e\ &c. Fred. Maryland. J. Powder, Jiin. MISS FORTUNE, by Am. Eclipse, dam the dam of Maryland Eclipse, &c. J. Sevvall. Chance, [by Imp'd] Chance, dam Roxana by Ar. Selim. Messrs. Tayloes. Crawi.fr, I. m. [by Imp'' d] Crawler, dam byMelzar — Grey Alfred — imp'd Tom Jones, &c. Bell, [Imp'd] by Othello, dam of Dungolah. S. Carolina, 1783-4. H. Haynes. Bailey, [l>y Imp'd] Boaster, dam (mothei of Maria Haney,) by Bel- lair — Wildair, &c- — D.vsfk, l>y Roebuck, dam by Independence, [Imp'd] Centinel (01 Flimnap,) Old Janus, &,c. Stafford, Va. Alexander F. Rose. Dok. by Olrl Celer, dam by Diomedeont of Bynham's Filly, (anote'J running mare in Va ) Eagle, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam [Imp'd] Hackabout. Fitzroy, l)y Roanoake, dam Wakefield. J. Randolph. Fadnti. f.roy, b. m. by Wildair, dam by Yorick — Little David — Mob ton's Traveller, &c. — Fire, b. f by Roanoake, dam Wakefield. J. Randolph. Euston, b. f. by Roanoake, dam by Gracchus. John Randolph. — Fortune, ch. f. [by Imp'd] Star, dam Anvelma. S. Carolina. James B. Richardson. Flora Hamilton, b. m. by a son of old Hamiltonian, (by Diomede,) dam by Old Hamiltonian, g. dam [by Imp'd] Spark, &.C Gatewood, alight b. in. [by Imp'd] Buzzard, dam by Melzar, Shark, Union, &.c. Lexington, Kentucky. E. Warfield. Grafton, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Wakefield, &c. J. Randolph. Haggin, br. m. by Blackburn's Whip, dam Blackburn's Buzzard, g. dam by Celer, &c. Harriet, br. f. by Sir Hal, dam Miss Waxy, g. dam by Saltram, (fcc Petersburg. Win. Haxall. Jeffer«on, ch. f. by Diomede, dam Johnson's Medley mare, &c. Madison, ch. m. by Lurcher, ([by Imp'd] Bedford,) dam by Ver- mont, (a son of Deceus, a son of Old Celer,) her dam by Fearnought, Old Shark, &c. Win. R. Johnson — — — Minroe, ch. f. by Precipitate, dam Serab, b. f [by Imp'd] Serab, dam Agnus, by Sir Solomon, y Imp'd] Sir Harry, dam by Waxey, g. dam by Imp'd Buzzard. W. Haxhall. Mare, br. by Moses, dam Lady Harrison [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle — Herod, «fcc. MOUSETRAP, or Jack Rap, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Young Marske out of Gen tie Kitty by Silvio, Dorimoud — Portia by Regulus — Hutton's Spot — Fox— Cub, &c. Foaled, 1787. North Carolina, 1793. — — ■ ch. h. [by Imp'd] Mousetrap, dam by Imp'd Fearnought- Partner — Imp'd Janus, &c. MULATTO MARY, by Sir Archy, MURAT, ch. c. by Old Madison, dam Maria Archy. 1826. MLLTI FLORA, b. f. by Old Sir Archy, dam Weazle by Shylock. E. Irby. : ch. m. by Kosciusko, dam by Rosicrucian. J. Atchison. Ml'CKLE JOHN, by Sir Archy, dam the dam of Sir William by Bellaii, &c Reeo. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 369 MUCKLE JOHN, by Muckle Jobn, dam Black Eyed Susan by Pot^n *c, «fcc. MUFTI, \lmp\l) was by Fitzberod, (he by King Herod,) Mufti's dan Vj Infant, son of the Godolphin Arabian, g. dam by Whiltington ou of a full sister of Black and All Black, fifteen bauds one inch high Foaled, 1775. John Tayloe. iVTUSIDORA, by Archduke, dam by Dare Devil. J. Tavloe. MURDOCH, by Sir Charles, dam gr. m. by Bedford, her dam by Old VVil dair. Chesterfield, Va. 1830. Charles Graves. MUZZLE DIOMEDE, [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam by Hymen, byClotus, b) Fearnought, &,c. MYRTILLA, br. f by Marylander, dam Desdemona by Miner's Escape Foaled, 1828. Dr. Crawford. NAMELESS, [Imp'd] b. m. by Felho da Puta, by Haphazard, out of Misf Barnet, her dam Rosetta by Young Woodpecker — Dungannon Justice, sfec. Foaled, 1825. Imp'd 1829. N. Y. Chas. Green. NANCY, b. f by Spread Eagle, dam b. m. by Ball's Florizelle, dam the Bedford mare Spot. 1814. Walter Coles. — — — Abnf.r, by Sir Archy, dam —Air, [by Fmp'd] Bedford, dam Annette by Old Shark, g. dam oy Rockingham — Gallant, &c. Foaled, 1799. Died 1822. James B. Ricnardson. — Air, b. m. by Virginius, dam Old Nancy Air. J. B. Richardson. — Belx, by Fearnought, dam by Imp'd Miss Bell, &c. — Bvwell, [Imp\t] b. in. got by Matchem, dam by Goliah — Red Rose — Curwen — Old Spot, &.c. — Coleman, by Young Fearnought, dam Latonia by Old Partner, gi. dam by Imp'd Jolly Roger, &c. 1806. J. Verrell. — Crewhton, by Francisco, dam Molly Andrews by Jack Andrews. Messrs. Minges. — Dawson, by Lloyd's Traveller, dam' Phillis (by Fearnought,) q. dam a celebrated mare of Col. Baylor's by Imp'd Sober John. Foaled, 1783. Win. Scott. — Dawson, b. by Eagle, dam by Bellair. -Martin, ch. m. by Bolingbroke, dam by Bedford — Selim — Tyler'i Independence, &c. Medley, by Old Medley, dam Mead's Oracle. Whihuuio, [hy Imp'd] Figure, dam by Mark Anthony — Jollv Ro ger — Imp'd Mary Grey, &c. NANNY O, c. f by Pantaloon, dam Young Selima by Yorick. 1788. J. Tayloe. NAOMI, ch. f by Pulaski, dam by Young W : onder- Smilax — Giey Di« mede — Atalanta by Imp'd Medley. NAPOLEON, br. b. by Imp'd Diomede, dam by Eclipst, g. dam by Me:co ry, &c. 1808. H Cheshire. by Gouty, dam by Sir Harry, g. dam Oy Diomede- F'a^ • Truce, &,c. 370 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. NAPOLEON, en. h. by Napoleon, (by Diomede,) dam by Floriielle. ——————by Imp ,(J Wonder, dam by Diomede — Hart's Medley — out 01 a favourite man. of Col. Seidell's, &c. S. M. Spangler. by Sir Archy, dam by Sir Harry, g. dam by Dare Devil. -by Imp'd Punch, dam Luff borough's Selinia, the third by Hall's Eclipse. (Killed 1805.) N. Luff borough. -by Oscar, dam Letitia by Truxton. Tennessee. A. B. Shelby. \ARCISSA, by Imp'd Shark, dam Rosetta by Wilkins' Centinel— Diana by Claudius, &c. J. J. Harrison. ■ by Wildair, dam Melpomone, g. ^am Virginia by Mark An- thony — Folly Byrd, &c. J. Hoomes. NELLY SPARKS, br. m. by Bertrand, dam by Whip, (by Imp'd Whip)— Bompard, Sic. Kentucky, 1828. Edw. M. Blackburn. NELL GWYNN, ch. f. by Thornton's Rattler, dam Vixen by Trafalgar. Saunders, ch. m. by Wonder, dam by Imp'd Dare Devil — Imp J Centinel, &c. NETTLE, ch. m. by Wildair, dam Desdemona. Dr. E. A. Darcy. full sister to Virago by Wildair, by Ajax. A. F. Rose. NETTLETOP, by Imp'd Spread Eagle, dam by Shark— Old Janus, &c out of a thorough bred mare. — ch. m. by Trafalgar, (by Imp'd Mufti,) dam Nettletop by Spread Eagle, &c. L. Berkley. -by Bellair, dam by Mark Anthony — Fearnought. Foaled, 1794. Reeves. by Diomede, dam Betsy Lewis, &,c. Wm. Herndan. NERISSA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Jessica by Shylock. 1825. J. Randolph. NE VERT IRE, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Endless. J. Randolph. NEV, b. h. by Mountaineer, dam Lady Eagle. 1827. Walter Coles. NIGHTINGALE, by Chanticleer, dam Winguryfeet, (by Jolly Roger,) g. dam Melpomone by Bin well's Traveller. NIL1, bl. m. by Black and All Black, dam by Careless — Augustus — Pil- grim — Fearnought, &c. Tennessee. H. Baldwin, jun. N1MROD, ch. c. by Baylor's Fearnought out of a Partner mare — Imp'd Janus — Imp'd Jolly Roger. Williamsburg, Va. 1775. Richard Taliaferro. NOLI ME TANGERE, by Richmond, dam Noli Me Tangere by Topgallant 1800. Dr. Thomtoii. — . by Tcpgallanf dam Castianira. J. Tayloe. NONPAREIL, dk. b. bv Old Fearnought, dam by Janus, &c. York Town, 1773. Thomas Lilly. %ORNA, b t by Director, dam by Sir Harrv — Bedford— Dam DeviV— Wildair, &c AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 3 7 « NORTH CAROLINIAN, by Virginian, dam by imp'd Dion, g. dam Beisj Baker by imp'd Clown, Golden Figure, &c NORTHAMPTON, b. c. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Jane Lowndes. Gov. Spngg. NORTHERN ECLIPSE, (See Eclipse Northern.) NORTH EAST, b. c. by imp'd Highlander, dam Tulip by Ranger or Liiul say's Arabian. 17H7. Thomas M. Foreman. NORTH STAR, [Imp'd] b. by Matchem, dam Lass of the Mill by Oranoo ko, g. dam by Traveller — Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound. Foaled, 1768. Thomas Peter. NORVAL, dap. gr. by imp'd Spark, dam by Shakspeare, g. dam imp'd Lady Northumberland. John Rose. NORTHUMBERLAND, by Bellair, dam by Wildair— Shakspeare, &c. J. Tayloe NULLIFIER, b. c. by Am. Eclipse, dam Roxana by Sir Harry, &c. Messrs. Corbins. o. OATHMAN, b. c. by Selim, dam B, Ruler mare, (by Ruler in England,) Turk, itc. » OAKLEY, cb. c. by Crusader, dam Josephine by Bedford. S. Carolina, 1829. J. J. Moore OBSCURITY, [Imp'd] dk. ch. got by O'Kelly's Eclip*, dam by Carelf ^ g. dam by Cullen Arabian, g. g. dam by North Country Diomede, &.j Foaled, 1778. John Forman. OCEANA, b. f. by Bagdad, dam Florida by Conqueror-- Rosemary, (South all's mare,) by Diomede — Celia by Wildair. 1827. J. Southall. OCTAVIA, b. f. by Rockingham, dam Frederica by E^vi^. vAarles Tayloe OCEAN, ch. o. by Timoleon, dam Anna by Truvton. Tennessee, 1828. OHIO, ch. h. by Bacchus, dam Crazy Jane, &c. - — Cones. O'KELLY, [Imp'd] b. by Anvil, dam by Eclipse, g. dam by Blank, g. g. dam by Snij) — Godolphin Arabian, &.c. 1798. Thon«\i Reeves. by Virginian, dam by Bay Yankee, g. Iain by sorrel Diomede — Jet by Ha} ties' Flimnap, &x. OLYMPIA, bl. f. by Roanoake, dam Jet by Blustsr. J. Randolph- OLJVIA, b. f. by Am. Eclipse, dam Brunette, (by Telegraph) out oi Albca full sister to Defiance. OROONOKO, b. c. by Hyperion, dam Minikin, &c. 1810. John Randolph. ORACLE, (Mead's,) [by Imp'd] Obscurity, dam by Citizen— imp'd Old Partner — Janus — Valiant, &c. ORANGE, b. m. by Cooper's Messenger, dam by Slasher, (he by Messe** ger,) g. dam bred by Gen. (Jreen of Philadelphia out of u Va. brec' mare, V] Fearnought — Jolly Roger, Bellair out of Andiew Mead't Oracle. 1808. Ralph Wormtej 874 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. _ b. h. by Virginia Eclipse, dam Virginia by Timoleoii of Ma> ryland out of the Maid of Oakland by knp'd Stirling, &.c. 1829. Captain Geo. H. Terrell. — by Timoleon, dam by Brutus, (by Beilair,) g. dam by Old Di omede, g. dam by imp'd Shark, g g. dam by imp'd Silver Eye. RICHMOND, ch. c. by Ball's Florizelie, dam Chestnut mare by Diomede, f. I))' imp'd Express, dam Betsy Bell by Old Cub. Thos. iM. Forman. ROSALIE, gr. f by Knowsley, dam Calypso. ROSABELLA, cb. m. by Topgallant, dam by imp'd Play or Pay, g. dan by Old Bellair — imp'd Pantaloon — Janus, &c. Southampton Cy. Va. 1819. James Kochelle. ROSALINDA, gr. m. by Tayloe's Oscar, dam by imp'd Expedition — imp' j Grey Highlander — imp'd Traveller, &,c. New Jersey. Jacob Vandyke. ROSAMUND A, b. f. by Bedford, dam Gasteria. 1804. J. Hoomes. ROSEMARY, by imp'd Diomede, dam Celia by Old Wildair, g. dam Lad; Bolingbroke, &c. ROSETTA, by imp'd Gentmel, dam Diana by Claudius. by imp'd Dion, dam hy imp'd Druid — Old Shark — imp'd M'ec ley — imp'd Fearnought, &,c. ch. f by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce by Sir Harry. ch. m. by Wilkes' Wonder, dam Rosy Clack by Saltram, &,c Tennessee. Lewis J. Polk. by Columbus, dam Lady Northumberland. L. Butler. « by Sir Harry, dam Spot by Bedford, &c. Wm. Dandridge. ROSICRUCION, b. c. by Dragon, dam imp'd Anvelina. 1803. J. B. Richardson. ROSY CLACK, by imp'd Saltram, dam Camilla by Wildair. ROSY CAREY, by Sir Archy, dam Sally Jones by imp'd Wrangler. ROSELLA, b. m. by Obscurity, dam Maggy Lauder. 1817. Thos. M. Forman. ROWENA, br. m. full sister to Lafayette by Virginian. ch. in. by Sumpter, dam Lady Grey by Robin Gray, &c. ROXALANA, gr. f. hy Selun, (the Arabian,) dam Britannia by Pegasus, &€. 1H06. J. Tayloe. ROXANA, by Sir Solomon, 'dam Auicra. by Hephestion, dam by imp'd Archer— Dare Devil, &c. by Sir Harry, dam by Saltram, g. dam by Wildair — Fearnought — Driver, LAND, b. c by Roanoake, dam Miss Ryland. 1«24. J. Randolph S. »ATiLY BARONET, by Dungannon, dam bv Michau's Celer, g. dam by Celer — Old Fearnought, &c. Brown, gr. by Buck Rabbit, dam by imp'd Knowsley, g. dam by Bellair, &c. Wm. D. Taylor. — — Baxter, b. f. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Dianora by imp'd Expedition. Thos. M. Forman. Currie, ch. m. by Matchless Diomede, (he by imp'd Diomede,) dam by Celer, g. dam by imp'd Shark, &c. Duffee, gr. in. by Diomede, dam Forlorn Hope, &c. H. Macklin. Hope, ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam a bay mare imp'd by Dunlop of Pe- tersburg, was by Chance, and was own sister to Grimalkin, tkat was sold to the Emperor of Austria for $7933, her gr. dam by Phe- nomenon, (fcc. — Hornet, b. f. by Sir Charles, dam by Hornet. Hector Davis. Hap vie, by Virginian, dam an Archy^mare. Hill, dk. ch. m. by Trafalgar, dam Musidora by imp'd Archduke, g. dam Proserpine by imp'd Dare Devil, &c. 1818. C. B. Berkley. Magic. (See Pandora.) Maree, b. m. by Carolinian, dam by Jack Andrews — imp'd Drive —Highflyer, &c. W. D. Taylo- Morris, b. by Superior, dam by Tom Tough — Bedford, &,c — — Melville, b. f. by Virginian, dam Bet Bounce. — - Nailor, by imp'd Wonder, dam Primrose by Dove. Bailor, oy Spread Eagle, dam Painter, gr. in. by Evans' Stirling, dam Old Silver by Bellsize Ara bian. — Smith, by Virginian, dam a Gallatin mare. — Slouch, bl. m. full sister to W. R. Johnson's Star. Shark, by imp'd Shark, dam Betsy Pringle by Old Fearnought, &c Taylor, ch. in. full sister of Betsy Robins. S. Carolina. B. F. Taylor. Trent, ch. m. sister to Gohanna. W. R. Johnson. Wilson, br. m. by Blackburn's Whip, dam by Hamiltonian by imp'd Diomede. Wright, by Yorick out of a full bred mare. J. Tayloe. W'alker, by Timoleon, dam by Dragon out of Honeycomb by JaLc. Foaled, 1772. •Young. (See Young Selima.) SELIM, [Imp\l] was by Bajazet, flam Miss Thign by Rib — Lady 'I hignb* Partner — Bloody Buttocks — Greyhound — Maktdess — Brimmer, V Foaled. 1760. 38fi AMERICAN STUD BOOK. SELIM, dk b. h. by Othello, (or Black and All Black,) dam Selim mare &,c. 1770. Calloway. Mare, jet jlack, by imp'd Selim — imp'd Hob or Nob — imp'd Evaor Stirling — imp'd Merry Tom — imp'd Bucephalus out of a thorouga bred mare, &c. North Carolina. Foaled, 1774. Died, 1781. gr. h. (See Arabian Selim.) SENECA, by Old Rattler, flam Cora by Brown's Godolphin. Georgetown, D. C. C W. Peter. SENATOR, b. c. by imp'd Paymaster, dam Tulip by Lindsay's Arabian. SEPT1MA, [fmp'd] by Othello, dam Moll Brazen by Shark, &c. SEPTIMUS, ch. c. by Cohanna, dam Vixen by Tiafalgar. SERAB, [///*;>V] b> Phantom out of Jesse, by Totteridge, &.c. ; her dam Cracker by Highflyer, out of Nutcracker by Matchem — Regains— Crali — Ghilders — Basto, (fee. Foaletl, 1821. S. & I. Coffin Sold in England for $14,000. SEVERITY, by Napoleon, dam by Old Pacolet. SHARK, [Imp'd] n dk. br. b. by Marshe, hisdam by Shafton's Snap, g. dam bv Marlborough, (brother to Babraham,) out of a natural Barb mare. Foaled, 1771. Nottingham near Fredg. Va. 1767. Alex. Spotswood. br. h. by Sir Andrew, dam Kitty by imp'd Whip. C. A. Rudd. Mark, by imp'd Shark, dam 1793. J. Tayloe. -bl. c. by American Eclipse, dam La d\ r Light foot. 1830. Mare, ch. by Shark, dam Felnah by Grey Diomede — OLd Medley E. Branch. SHAKSPEARE, dk. br.' h. by Baylor's Fearnought, dam Stella by OtheL lo, &c. 1777. Robert Baylor — —dap. gr. h. by Baylor's Fearnought, dam imp'd, was by Cub, a son of Old Fox, &c. North imberland, Va. 1776. P. P. Thornton -b. h. by Virsjiniar, dam by Shenandoah, by Potomac. SHAWNEE, by Tecumseh, dam by Citizen, full sister of the dam of Ma rion. SHENANDOAH, by Potomac, dam Hill's bay mare by imp'd Febrifuge- — Grey Diomede — VVildair, &z,c. gr. c. by Pilgrim, dam Swan by imp'd Eagle. 1828. J. Randolph. SHEPHERDESS, bl. m. by Sweeper, (by Hamilton's Figure,) dam bt Tasker's Othello — Morton's Traveller, &.c. 1829. T. J Hanson. 6. m. by Phenomenon, dam by imp'd Diomede — imp'd Shark — imp'd Medley, &.<:. Richard Adams, -by imp'd Slim, dam Shrewsbury by Old Figure, g. dam by Dove — Selima by Othello, &c. New York. »HOCK, [7mp'WJ ch. m. bred by Lord Clermont, foaled 1799, got bj Trumpeter, dam Young Doxy by Imperator, g. dam Old Doxy Lj King Herod. -b. f. by Gibbs' Flimnap, d?m "3ri''.i?,.it mare. 1789. T, I'ALMA, gr. c. b) Henry, dam Sportr.V.rss v y Hickory. I'ANNER, [Imp'd] dk. b. h. by Cad*, ut *\ Uie Jes* .sons oi tie Godol piiir Arabian. 17K5. Maryland Dan Wolstouholm* AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 393 TANNER, by imp'd Tanner, dam Camilla by Othello TAKE IN, b. c. by Gracchus, dam Young Frenzy. 182.3. J. ',j0 Ran^olpt. TALLY HO, by Tuckahoe, dam by imp'd Diomede. 1 ft RIFF, dk. b by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce. Win. R. Johnson TARTAR, gi c by Winter Arabian, dam Young Buzzard mare. by Diomede, dam by Celer, g. dam by imp'b Bay Richmond. Amelia, Va. James Hill . b. c. by Bedford, dam Atalantaby Dictator. Foaled, 1805. ■Mare, by Flimnap, dam by Old Pharaoh, g. dam imp'd by M Fenwicks, sen. got by Tartar — Young Sweepstakes. Foaled, 1780. Edw. Fenwick. TECUMSEH, by Sir Archy, dam the imp'd Gamenut mare out of AUf grante by Pegasus. A. J. Davie. by Rob Roy, dam Thistle by Oscar. Dixon. by Florizelle. TELEGRAPH, [Imp'd] br. h. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Fame by Panta loon out of the dam of Diomede by Spectator, &c. Foaled, 1795. Baldock. ■ i ... ' b. h. by Lamplighter, dam by Old Wildair, g. dam by Rock ingham, &c. King Win. Cy. Va. 1800. Wm. Anderson. by Old Wildair, dam Lagonia by Medley. J. Randolph. \ y imp'd Spread Eagle, dam imp'd Janette by Precipitate &c. TELEMACHUS. by Old Diomede, dam by imp'd Dare Devil, g. dam bj Commutation — Damon, &c. Brunswick, Va. Merritv ch by Dungannon, (by Bedf' r d,) dam by Lawrence's Dio- mede— Paris — Cloditis, &c. TEMPTATION, b. by Heath's Childers, dam Maggy Lauder by imp'd Fearnought, &c. 1786. T. M. Forman. TERROR, by Janus — Mark Anthony — out of an imp'd mare. br. c. by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot. 1829. Stephens. ^HADDFUS, by Ball's Florizelle, dam Dare Devil mare, g. dam by Old Wildair, "&c. Edm. Irby. THALESTRIS, gr. f. by Elliot's Jerry, dam Cornelia Bedford by the Diika of Bedford, &,c THISTLE, by imp'd Dove, dam Stella by imp'd Othello, g. d. Taskcr ■ Selima. ch. m. by Oscar, dam by imp'd Clifden. Pr. Geo. Maryland. E. B. Duva.l THOR, b. h. by Diomede, dam by Wildair, g. dam by Clock fas'. &.c. Philip Rodgers. THORN, b. c bv Sir James, dam Nettletop. THORNTON MEDLEY. (See Medley Thornton.) THRESHER, gr. no. full sister to Opossum. Messrs. Tavloes- TIB, by Sir Archy, dam by Old Celer, g. dam by Clodius, g. &. oa«> oi imp'i Fearnought, Sic. 394 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. TICHICUS, 3h. c. bv Clifton, dam Miss Chance hv Chance, (fee. TICKLE TOBY, [Imp'd] br. foaled 1785, got by Alfred, dam Celiaby H» rod, out of Proserpine by Marske, &c. HMOLEON, ch. c by Sir Archy, dam by imp'd Saltram — Old WHdaii— Driver, &c. — hv Grey Diomede, dam Bonny Lass. (Called Timoleon of Maryland.) 1830. W. Townes. TIGER, by (Cook's) Whip, dam by Paragon, imp'd Figure, &c. TIPPOO SA1B, gr. h. by Old Messenger, dam imp'd mare — (Thompson's} Northumberland. by Lath, dam Brandon by Aristotle, &c. 1780. -by Lindsay's Arabian, dam Lady Bolingbroke. -Sultan, b. h. by Tippoo Saib, dam Rosetta by Bajazett. TOBY, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Old Janus— Old Fox— Bald Galloway, &c. To by was full brother to Old Janus, &c. N. Carolina. Col. Alston. b. c. by Cannon's Ranger, dam Sally Baxter. 1822. T. M. Forman. TOKEAH, ch. f. by (Dr. Thornton's) Don Juan by Rattler, dam Frederica Dy Escape, (Horn's.) Messrs. Tayloes. T. K. b. m. by a son of imp'd Wonder, dam Smilax. 1818. James Blick. TOMAS1A, by Young Alfred, dam ny Old Tom Tough — Lamplighter, &c. TOM JONES, [Imp'd] gr. h. fifteen hands high, by Croft's Partner — True J31ue — Cyprus Arabian. Foaled, 1745. Richmond County, Va. Sir M. Beckwith. by imp'd Tom Jones, dam Betsy Blazella by Blaze, Sec. Maryland, 1764 TOM, by imp'd Eclipse, dam an imp'd mare. Richard Hall. TOM TOUGH, ch. c. by imp'd Escape, (Horn's,) dam Fairy by Bedford, &c Marf, by Tom Tough, dam by Lawrence's Diomede, g. dam by Lamplighter, &c. TOM TACKLE, br. c. by Archduke, dam Fairy by Bedford. 1805. TOM PIPER, by Janus, dam Ethiopia by Bedford, (he by Teller's Bed- ford,) g. dam by imp'd Bedford. TOOTH DRAWER, b. c. by Dare Devil, dam Virginia by Medley, &c. J. Hoomes. TOPAZ, ch. c. by Rob Roy, dam Flora by Ball's Florizelle. 1826. Joseph Lewis. 0. c. by Roanoake, dam Jet. 1828. John Randolph. TOPGALLANT, b. h. by imp'd Diomede, dam by Shark— Harris' Eclipst — Mark Anthony — Janus, &c. Foaled, 1800. J. Tayloe. — b. bv Topgallant, dam by Old Wildair — imp'd Black and All Black, (or Othello.) -by imp'd Druid, dam by Bedford, (sire of Rosabella.) TORPEDO, by Sir Alfred, dam by Potomac out of the dam of Madison and Monroe. TOUCHSTONE, [Imp'd] by Clothier, (by Matchem) out of Beihell's mare Kifit — Riot by Regulns — Matehem by Cade out of a Pa/tue, mare, Arc. dam's side not given. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 305 TRANSPORT, br. l». Dy Virginius, dam Nancy Air. 1812. J. B. Richardson TRAFALGAR, by imp'd Mufti, dam Calypso, sister of Bellair. Lewis Berkley. TRAFFIC, g. by Sir Charles, dam Sally Brown. Thomas Doswell. TRAVELLER, (Morton's) [Imp'd] b. h. by Partner, who was a grander of the Byerly Turk — Traveller's dam was by Bloody Buttocks, an Arabian, Greyhound, Makeless, &c. Richmond Cy. Va. 1754. Foaled, 1743. — (Strange's,) [Imp'd] was by Eclipse, see Charlemont, &c. • ■ (Lloyd's,) by Morton's Traveller, dam Jenny Cameron . — . (Southall's,) b. h. by Burwell's Traveller, dam an imp'd mare. -(Burwell's,) by Morton's Traveller, dam by Janus, Lycur- gus, Director, sor. h. by Old Director, (of Va.) dam by TaMar — r^m-ed Ear!* — Percy, Ax. 402 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. tOUIVG Dt ROC, b. by Old Duroo, dam by imp'd Gabriel, g. dam by Lindsay's Arabian, &x. Pennsylvania. John Snyder. — Eagle, by imp'd Eagle, dam Arabella by Dare Devil out of a Clock- fast mare, &c Richmond, Va. Samuel McCraw. Ekoxy, [Imp'd} gr. m. by Muley, (an Arabian,) dam by Pantcn's Old Crab — Devonshire Childers — Basto — Black Barb, &c. 1762. Eclipse, ch. by American Eclipse, dam by Old Bajazett, (formed) Young Tanner,) g. dam by Old Mercury— imp'd Messenger, &.c. Cambridge, New Jersey. Edw. Long. Favourite, by imp'd Bedford, dam by imp'd Diomede — Beilair— Clock fast, &c Fearnouuht, by Gay, dam by Old Fearnought, g. dam by the same, g. g. dam by Jolly Roger. Flokizf.lle, [Imp\L] (See Florizelle imp'd.) Florizelle, by Ball.'s Florizelle, dam Fair Maid by First Consul. &x. Gov. Sprigg. ~ — Figure, blood b. h. by imp'd Highflyer, dam by Old Figure, g. dair by Camillus, &c. Frenzy, by Gracchus, dam Minikin, &c J. Randolph. - • — Grand Dutchess, by Sir Archy, dam Old Grand Dutchess. J. Randolph. Hickory, by Hickory, dam Lavinia. Jam's, I), h. by Hylies' imp'd Janus, dam a Lycurgus mare — imp'c Crawford — imp'd Justice, &c Wm. Hynes Jams. (See Revenge, or Young Janus.) ■ Lottery-, by Sir Archy, lam Lottery by Bedford. • —Madison, by Madison, dam Minerva by Diomede. IVUmiv, by Cup Bearer, dam by Old Medley, g. dam by Hams' Eclipse, Lonsdale, imp'd Shark. Frederick Cy. Matthew l»age. Mkdikv, lr. gr. by Beilair, dam by Pennsylvania Farmer bin of a Partner mare, &x. Thomas Wells. Mokf.au, by Ridgley's Moreau, dam Virginia by Skyscraper, &.C. — — Spencers- Minikin, by Gracchus, dam Old Minikin, &x. J. R. — Nakussa, b. f. by Play or Pay, dam Old JVarcissa by Wildair, ScC 1-81)2. J. lloomes. Os< au, (See Oscar Young.) Paul Jones, by Old Paul Jones, dam by Marius, (belonging to Charles Carrol] of Carrolllon,) gr. dam by Old Silver Heels, Crab, &c. Samuel Norwood. — — Pacolkt, gr. by Pacolet, dam by imp'd Coeur de Lion, Juba, lea cock, Olo Partner, &.C. • - - Pk.i.v,c1i. m. by Gallatin, dam Trumpetta by Hephestion, g. dam Pegsrj" bv Bedford. Foaled, 1H21. VV. Hampton, jnn. - - -Por. b. by Ranter, dam a fine blooded mare. Romp, (dam of Livingston's Camilla,) by Duroc, dam Romp by inip'd Messenger. Shark, by Shark, dam by Eclipse, g. dam by Fclipse out of Britannia. ■ i S klima, by Old Fearnought, dam Ebony by Othello. Spot, [Liij/iI] ch. by Old Spot and he by Blank, Spot's 'am by Mai tindales 1 Regains, Jig, Goliah, 3. Fielder Bowie. Z. ZABUD, by the Winter Arabian, dam by imp'd Spread Eagle, g. dam N*, Sir Peyton, (by Shy lock.) Kentucky. R. J. Breckenridge. ZAMOR, gr. by Silver Heels, (by Ogle s Oscar,) dam Aurora (by Vintzun,, g. dam Pandora, (by Grey Diomede,) g. g. dam by Hall's Union, Leonidas, &c. ZF.NOBIA, by Don Carlos, dam by George's Juniper. ZLL1LKA, ch. in. by Gracchus, dam Miss Chance by imp'd Chance. Messrs. Tayioes. ZELIPPA, by Old Messenger, dam Dido by imp'd Bay Richmond, g. dam Old Slamerkin, (by Wildair,) g. g. dam imp'd Cub mare, &c. 35* 403 INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING, BY CHARLES DUVALL. I it the horse be in good flesh when you put him up; night ana tiitn.iing walk him four miles, well clothed with one blanket and a ■uit of horse clothes, for eight days ; water him between the walk- ing witli forty swallows ; feed him at nine in the morning, at twelve o'clock, at six in the evening, and at nine at night, witli three qu>in& of oats and chopped corn, one-fifth chopped corn, giving him one bundle of blades after feeding in the morning, at twelve o'clock, and at six o'clock : after feeding at nine at night, give him two bundles of blades. Let him be well rubbed before each feed with straw as* to his body, and his legs with woollen rubbers ; let him have a good bed of straw; let his feet and legs, night and morning, before you take him in, be washed with warm water and Castile soap ; then for eight days more, in the morning, gallop two miles before wa- tering and one mile after, and in the evening one mile before wa- tering and one mile after, clothing and rubbing before each feed as before. After that prepare him for sweating, by feeding with two quarts at six o'clock, and at nine o'clock the same, giving him no blades, and having him well muzzled ; let him be well rubbed and have a good bed of straw, always keeping his feet well stuffed with cow-dung. Let your turf be kept well harrowed and soft. At day-break take him to his training ground with three, four, or five blankets, and his body-clothes ; let him go four miles, the first three half-speed, the fourth mile at a sweeping rate with a tight rein. and a rider not exceeding the weight the horse should carry. Then strip him on the field, carefully scraping, rubbing, and brushing him till dry ; then put on his usual clothes and walk him an hour; then rake him to the stable; then scald a gallon of bran, add cold water to it till milk warm, and let him drink what he will of it. Then I >t him be well rubbed and dressed; then scald two quarts of bran, and two quarts of oats; mix them, putting among them a tablo spoonful of flour of sulphur and as much antimony as will lie on a cent, and let the horse eat it warm ; then take two bundles o* stemmed blades, and sprinkle them with salt and water, and give »jm; tnen take some warm bran and water and wash nia legs, rub 406 INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING. bing them dry with straw and woollen rubbers; then leave luni till twelve o'clock ; then feed as usual with three quarts at twelve ; at four in the evening brush him and let him walk an hour ; then wa- ter him with water aired or branch water ; then walk him a quar- ter of an hour, take him in and have him well cleaned and rubbed ; then feed at six and nine with three quarts of grain ; then muzzle him. In the morning after his sweat taKe him to the ground and strip him as for a race ; then run him two mi.es with a tight rein, and continue him two miles more in a loose; then clean him and rub him dry ; clothe him and walk him till cool, then take him in, wash his feet, and rub them dry, cleaning him, rubbing him, stuff- ing his feet, and feeding as usual : so continue to gallop every night and morning, as before directed, to wit : In the morning first gal- lop two miles, second gallop one mile, and in the evening one mile each gallop ; sweat every eight days. Train your colts in martin, gales ; bleed after the first sweat, and if necessary after the second sweat. Those are the rules I observe in training. CHARLES DUVALL. -~»»©©~~ From which, the rules observed by Mr. Thomas Larkin, of Vir- ginia, varied in these particulars: lie feeds in the morning with four quarts, at twelve with two quarts, and at night witli four quarts; same blades as Mr. Duvall. Morning gallops first two miles and a half, second two miles. Evening, gallops first two miles, second one mile and a half. Sweats five miles, and brushes his horse before he takes him in ; after cleaning, and rubbing, and dry- ing him, two miles. He washes with cold water, except when he sweats his horse, and waters after the horse comes in and is clean, just before feeding, forty swallows morning and evening, and twelve swallows at twelve o'clock; mixes a spoonful of sulphur in the mash, after sweating, but no antimony ; walks before galloping, .wo miles ; between the gallops, one mile. Mr. Duvall, in 1797, gave me the foregoing rules: Mr. Larkin trained for me two years. And as a sportsman, that all horses may run in the best order, and that their superiority of foot and bottom alone may entitle them to the palm, I with pleasure comply with your request, that through your inestimable paper, all excuses by gentlemen having fine horses, as to the mode of training them, may be removed, and the friends of the turf gratified with fine sport. American Far met . _~»©@«. — [FROM THE AMERICAN TURF REGISTER.] Mr Editor — The within was recently found among the papers of an ild sportsman of the turf, (a pencil memorandum) in the shape of answers to questions, by a gentleman well known to the Virginia turfites, who was at that time about to begin his racing career. I have examined it with a trainer of long experience, and with few alterations hand it to you for publication in the Sportmg Magazine A Vikuinun INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING. 40? A horse when put in training should be fat: his exercise .night •«p commence with walking about eigbt miles a day; tbree in tlnj morning, two at twelve o'clock, and three in the evening. Tin* should be continued at least four weeks. A light gallop of a mile in the morning, should now be added, and at the end of a week, a mile .n the evening. In another week, half a mile more morning and evening. He will now be in condition for his first sweat; hi? exercise may now be the same as the last week, except a " burst oi heels" once or twice in the week, of three or four hundred yards ; at which time he will be ready for his second sweat. This given, the horse should have, every other morning, a move of a quarter o a mile ; this continued for a week, and his third sweat may be given. After this his exercise may be increased to two miles, morn, ing and evening; one mile of which (in the morning) should be at half-speed, with a dash of a quarter every other morning, more or less according to his appetite. The sweats should vary according to the high or low condition of the animal. At the end of the week, after the fourth sweat, he may, perhaps, require a draw,* and another a day or two before he runs. I do not approve of physic, ing generally ; when there is much grossness, or general bad health, a purge may be necessary. Race-horses should be watered regu- larly three times a day, in a clear brook, in the morning after exer- cise, at twelve o'clock, and in the evening: after exercise walking them until perfectly cool, previous to watering. They should be fed with hominy and oats, (the first divested of its mealy particles,) in the proportion of one of the first to two of the latter. Sometimes, when the condition of the horse is low, he should be allowed a greater proportion of hominy ; as horses when in training must feed well, every thing in the food way must be tried to make them do so : as hominy alone, oats, corn in the ear, meal, cut oats, &e. I once trained a mare, and ran her successfully, feeding her three days in the week on meal with chopped or cut oats. They should be fed five times a day : at day-break, after the morning exercise, xl eleven o'cloek, a little before the evening exercise, and at night : one quart at first, three the second time, three at eleven o'clock, one the fourth time, and three the last, with about nine pounds oi' blades without picking, divided as the grain. Some horses eat more than others, and should be allowed accordingly. t When there is costiveness, sprinkling the fodder with water, or a mash must be given: a bucket of salt and water is also sometimes useful. Sweat- ing should be done by heavy clothing and gentle exercise, giving the horse a swallow or two of water with a little meal stirred in it two or three times during the sweat. To put a horse in order, at least twelve weeks are necessary ; for a colt, nine weeks. A colt, to be in condition to run a good race, should just be low enough to feel his ribs pretty plainly, but they should not be seen : a horse should be much lower The usual preparation for a sweat is a mash at night, muzzled, hea " A very li<>iht sweat. t Particularly large horses: small horses sometimes will eat fourteen oi fifteen quarts a day. I think thirteen enough frr the latte: — asore is apt, I thifk, to {jive them gotty legs. etc. 408 INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING. vy clothing, (three or four blankets) — the next morning, after break fast, walk three or four miles, and gallop one slowly ; give a mouth, fill or two of water,* and gallop two or more, as the weather is warmer or colder: carry him then to the stable, take out the unde blanket, rolling the cover up, half at a time, scrape well, rub bod) and legs until perfectly dry, put on blanket and hood, and walk foi an hour or two, occasionally giving a mouthful of water with a handful of meal in it, about milk warm at first. His legs, when per fectly cool, should be washed with warm water and soap, rubbed dry, and the horse put to rest and given a mash,t (scalded oats,) in the evening walked four or five miles. The quantity of exercise mentioned, is for horses, after four years old, and upwards ; few colts require more than three miles a day. Every eight or ten days the horses should be taken from the exer- ;ise ground and walked on the road. A careful trainer will always know the condition of his horse's legs every morning before gal- loping, and decide whether they receive their work or be sent, if their legs be feverish, to have the fever extracted by standing in the water, to the pond. To keep up the appetite, I have known nothing better than a table spoonful of the powder of poplar bark, (the liriodendron tulipifera,) every day or two when it is observed that they are mincing their food : salt should be given once a week. [It will be seen by a comparison of the above instructions, which correspond with the system now usually pursued in the South, that -it is much milder than the system laid down by Mr. Duvall of the olden time. It is wonderful, (observes our correspondent,) how their horses could stand such severe training: and he supposes that the greater fleetness of the horses of the present day may be ascrib- ed, in some measure, to changes which have been adopted in the system of training. It is true that many of our fine horses are let down and trained off at an early age, but that may be attributed to the severe trials to which they are put at a tender age — four mile tieats, in quick time at three years old ! ] * Milk-warm, with a little meal stirred in it. t "Not always necessary, except there is much oosiivencss. 409 RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE RICHMOND JOCKEY CLUB.* Wiierf.as it is necessary that all well-regulated association* should have some Rules for their government, and the Richmond Jockky Club being sensibly impressed with this truth, Therefore, Resolved, that the following be the Rules and Regulations of the Richmond Jockey Club : 1st. There shall be two regular meetings of this Club, at Tree Hill, each year, and each to continue four days, to be called Spring and Fall Meetings. The Spring Meeting shall commence on the second Tuesday in May, and the Fall Meeting the third Tuesday in October. 2d. There shall be a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Trea- surer, and four Stewards, appointed by ballot. 3d. It shall be the duty of the President to preside in all meet- ings of the Club; to act as Judge in each day's race; appoint his assistant Judges on the evening preceding each day's race; report the result of each day's race, and stand as Judge in all sweepstakes, with such other persons as the parties may appoint. 4th. It shall be the duty of the Vice-President to attend all meet- ings of the Club; assist the President in the discharge of his duty act as President pro tern, in the absence of the President. 5th. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to attend the Judges on eaoh day's race ; assist them with his counsel ; keep a book, in which he shall record the members' names, the Rules of the Club, and add to them any Resolutions which may change the character of either; also record the proceedings of each meeting; the entries of horses ; an account of each day's race, including the time of run- ning each heat ; publish the races, and after they are over, publish the result ; for this service, he shall be exempt from paying his lubscription. 6th. The Stewards shall be appointed by ballot, and serve for one meeting next succeeding their appointment. They shall wear a white rose on the left side of the cape of their coat. It shall be iheir duty to attend on the course, preserve order, clear the track, seep off the crowd from horses coming to the stand after the close of a heat ; may employ able-bodied men to assist them, who sha.il he paid out of any money in the hands of the Treasurer, and they be designated by a red sash. * The Rules of New-Market, (near Petersburg, Va.) Broad Rock, and most of the courses in Virginia, are nearly die same. 4* J RULES OF RACING. 1th. There shall be three Judges in the starting stand, the Pre*i dent and two assistant Judges, whose duty it shall bo to keep the stand clear of any intrusion during the pendency of a heat, except the officers, trainers, and weigher, and also see that the riders are dressed in jockey style. 8th. All disputes shall be decided by the Judges of the day, from whose decision there shall be no appeal, unless at the Judges' dis- cretion ; and no evidence to be received of foul riding, except from Distance Judges and Patroles. 9th. There shall be two Distance and three Patrole Judges, who 6hall repair to the Judges' stand after each heat, and report the nags that are distanced, and foul riding, if there be any. 10th. The distance of the Proprietor's Purse shall be three mile leats, and be run for on the second day of each regular meeting The purse shall be $300 — entrance $15. l]th. The distance for the Jockey Cluo purse shall be four mile heats, spring and fall, and be run for on the third day of each regu lar meeting — entrance $20. 12th. All Sweepstakes, advertised to be run for over the Tree Hill course, on any day of the regular meeting of the Club, shall be under the cognizance of this Club; and that whenever a subscri- ber makes an entry, he may change it at any time before the stakes closes. 13/A. No person shall start a horse for any purse under the con- trol of this Club, other than a member, he being at least one-third interested, and producing proof of his horse's age ; nor shall any member start a horse, unless his entrance and subscription b« paid before starting. 14th. All entries of horses to run, shall be made in open Club, on the evening preceding each day's race, by 5 o'clock, or during the sitting of the Club, and no entry made alter that time shall be al- lowed ; Provided, if there be no meeting, then with the Secretary or Treasurer, by 5 o'clock. \5th. No person shall be benefited by the winning of any purse, under the control of this Club, unless he be a member or the owner af the horse. \&th. Any person desirous of becoming a member for the purpose of starting a horse, may do so, he being approved by the Clui), and uaying double entrance. 17th. The winning horse of the Jockey Club Purse shall not be permitted to start for the Proprietor's purse, nor the winning horse of the Proprietor's purse for the Jockey Club purse, during the same meeting. \Sth. No compromise or agreement between any two persons ■tarting horses, or their agents or grooms, not to oppose each other RIJLUS OF RACING. 41 1 upon a promised division of the purse, shall he permitted or allowed, and no person shall run their nags in conjunction, that is, with a determination to oppose, jointly, any other horse or horses which may run against them. In either case, upon satisfactory evidence produced before the Judges, the purse shall be awarded to the next best horse, mare, or gelding ; and the persons so otfending, shall never again be permitted to start a horse on this course. \9th. No two riders from the same stable shall be allowed to ride in the same race ; nor shall two horses, trained in the same stable, be allowed to start in the same race. 20///. Riders shall not be permitted to ride in a race unless dressed in the jockey style. 21s/. Riders, after the heat is ended, must repair to the Judges stand, not dismount until ordered by the Judges, and then carry their saddles themselves to the scales, there to be weighed. 2'2d. The Rider who has won a heat shall be entitled to the track, and the foremost entitled to any part of the track, he leaving a suf- ficient space for a horse to pass him on the outside, but shall not, when locked by another horse, leave the track he may be running in to press him to the outside, doing which will be deemed foul riding. A Rider may take the track on the inside, but he must do it at his own peril, as, should he be posted in making the attempt, it will not be considered as foul. Should any rider cross, jostle, strike an adversary or his horse, or run on his heels intentionally, or do ant- thing else that may impede the progress of his adversary, he wiii be deemed distanced, though he come out ahead, and the purse given to the next best nag : and any rider offending against this Rule, shall never be permitted to ride over or attend any horse on the course again. 23d. If any nag shall run on the inside of any pole, they will be deemed distanced, although they may come out first, and the purse awarded to the next best nag. 24th. The distance stand shall he sixty yards from the Judges stand fur mile heats, and sixty additional vards for every mile in a heat, unless it be the best three in five, and then ninety yards to a mile. 25th. The time between heats shall be 20 minutes for mile heats, 30 minutes for two mile heats, 40 minutes for three mile heats, and 45 minutes for four mile heats. Some signal shall be sounded from the Judges' stand five minutes before the period of starting, after the lapse of which time, the Judges shall give the word to fcuch riders as are ready — but should any horse be restive in sad dling, the Judges may delay the word a short interval, at theil own discretion. 20//i. A horse that does not win a heat out of three. «hall tiot be Bntitled to start for a fourth, although he may save his distance A drawn horse shall not be considered as distanced. 36 Il2 RULES OF RACING. 2~tk. No utud horse shall be exhioited within the walls of the course until the ladies have retired. 28/7*. All members and their families shall pass the ^ate free, and all who are not members shall pay the following tolls, viz:— for every four-wheeled carriage $1, for every gig and two- wheeled carriage, cart, man and horse, 50 cents : and for every person on foot 25 cents. 29/A. Any person who may kill a dog on the course, shall be paid two dollars out of the funds of this Club, and if there be none in hand, by the Judges, out of the purse of that day on which t'ie dog or dogs may be killed. 30th. The following weights shall be carried, viz : 2 years old, a feather, 3 .. .. 86 lbs. 4 .. .. 10b .. 5 .. .. 110 . 6 .. .. 118 .. 7 .. .. and upwaras, 124 lbs. with an al. Imvance of three pounds to mares and geldings. The weigher shall see that each rider shall have his proper weight, before he starts, and that they have within two pounds after each heat. 31s/. The age of horses shall be recorded by the year in which they are foaled ; during the year 1800 shall be considered as a yearling; during the year 1801, two years old; during the year 1802, and so on. 32<7. New members can only be admitted upon recommenda. tion ; any person wishing to become a member, shall be balloted for and two black balls will exclude him BETTING. When both parties are present, either party has a right to de. mand that the money be staked before the horses start ; and if one refuse, the other may, at his option, declare the bet void. If any party be absent on the days of race, the party present may declare the bet void, in the presence of the Judges, before the race commences ; but if any person offer to stake for the absentee, it ia a confirmed bet. A bet made on a heat to come, is no bet, unless all the horses running in a previous heat start again. All bets made between horses that are distanced the same hea: are considered drawn, and when between two horses throughout a race, and neither of them win it, the horse that is best at the termi- nation of the race, wins the bets. If an entrance horse, or subscriber die, no forfeit shall be re- «jnir?d. A premium given to another to make a bet shall not be refunded, although the bet is not run for E> LISII RULES OF RACING. 41 handy cap races. 1st. The Judges for the season, on meeting with the Secretary, •hall Handy Cap. 2d. A list of all the horses, mares, and geldings which have start •d at the said meeting, shall be made, to which any others, if pro posed, and particularly described, may be added. 3rf. Any horse, &c. which has not run during the said meeting, fcr Sweepstakes, Jockey Club, or Proprietor's purse, shall carry the weights of the course. 4th. When the distance to be run, the entrance required, and the prize be agreed en, the Judges and Secretary shall proceed to as- sign them their weights. 5th. JNo horse, &c. shall be bound to carry more weight than .he rules of the course prescribe. 6///. On the supposed best horse, &c. his or her proper weight shall be imposed. 1th. From horses, &c. of the 2d, 3d, &c. rate or reputation, as much weight may be taken as will, in the opinion of the Handy Cappers, make them equal to the first rate ; in equalizing them as aforesaid, they are not bound to regard the winning horses, &c. as a change of distance, or a hard run, may change their ability to perform. 8th. Those who Handy Cap, shall particularly mark such horses, &c. which are started in shoes, or not allowed to exert themselves in a previous race — any such horse, &,c. shall carry the weight oi the course, subject to the determination of the Judges and Secretary. 9th. As soon as the list of horses, &c. with their weights, be prepared, the Secretary shall post up the same in the Club Room at this place to which shall be added the distance to be run, the sum to be run for, and the entrance money. 10/A. When the aforesaid nine rules be complied with, until 10 o'clock P. M. shall be allowed the owner or starter to determine whether he will contend for the prize, and no longer; as they de- termine, they shall give their names to the Treasurer or Proprietor of the course, with a description of their horses, &.e. who shall make a list of them as entered, which list shall point out their places at starting — two or more to make a race. ENGLISH RULES OF RACING. Abstract of the laws which govnrn the Race Course in Great Britain, as extracted from a Liverpool paper. Horses take their ages from Mayday, i.e. ahorse foaled any .line in the year 1623, is one year old on the first day if Mav 1624 Four inches are a hand ; fourteen pounds a stone ; two huimrcd arc ** rty yards a distance. 41 1 ENGLISH RULES OF RACING. Oath weights are, each to appoint a party to /ide without weighing Feather weight signifies the same. Give and take plates are weights for inches ; fourteen hands to carry a staked weight, all above to carry extra, or be allowed the proportion of 7 lbs. to an inch. A Whim Plate is a weight for age and a weight for inches. A Past Match is to insert the ages of the horses in the articles, and to run any horso of that age, without declaring till you come to the post to start. Hand Cap weights are weights according to the supposed abilities of the horses. Plates or shoes are not allowed in the weight. The horse that lias his head at the ending post first, wins the heat Riders must ride their horses back to the winning post to weigh ; und he that dismounts before, or wants weight, is distanced. If a rider fall from his horse, and the horse be ridden in by a person of sufii- cient weight, he shall take place the same as if it had not happened, provided he goes back to the place where the rider fell. Horses not entitled to start without producing a proper certifi. cate of their age, if required ; except where aged horses are included in which case a junior horse may start without a certificate, provi. ded he carry the same weight as an aged horse. For the best of the plate, when there are three heats run, the ziorse is second who wins one. For the best of the heats, the horse is second that beats the other twice out of three times, though he doth not win the heat. When a plate is won at two heats, the pre- ference of the 1 orses is determined by the places they hold in the second heat. W hen three horses have eacn won a heat, they only must start for a fourth, and their places must be determined by it. though before no difference between them. No distance in a fourth heat. In running heats, if it cannot be decided which is first, the heat goes for nothing, and they may all start again, except it be be- tvveen two horses that had each won a heat. Horses drawn beforo the plate is won are distanced. A bet after the heat is over, if the horse betted on does not start again, is no bet. A confirmed bet cannot be off, without mutual consent. Either party may demand stakes to be made, and on re- fusal may declare the bet void. If a party be absent on the day of running, a public declaration of the bet may be made on the course, and a demand whether any person will make stakes for the absent party; and if no person consent to do so, the bet may be declared void. Bets agreed to be settled in town, or any particular place, cannot be declared off on the course. The person who bets the odds, has a right to choose the horse of the field. When he has chosen the horse, the field is what starts against him ; but there is no field unless one starts with him. If odds are net without mentioning the horse before the race is over it must be determined as the odds were at the time of making it. Bets made between particular horses are void if neither of them be the winner, "nless specified to the contrary. At New Market, if a bet be made for any particular day in any meeting, and the parties afterwards change the day, all bets must «tand ; but if altered to another meeting, bets made before the altera- tion are void. Bet& determined, though the horse does not start ENGLISH RULES OF RACING. 41ft when the words " absolutely, run or pay," or •* play or pay," are made use of in betting. For example; I bet that Mr. Udny's ch. mare, Mirandela, absolutely wins the king's plate at Chelmsford, in 1824. I lose the bet though she does not start, and win though she goes over the course alone. All double bets are considered as play or pay. Since Epsom Races, 1812, all bets are made in pounds, and not in guineas, as formerly. Horses running on the wrong side of a post, and not turning back, are distanced. Horses distanced if the riders cross or jostle. Horses that forfeit are beaten horses, where it runs or pays. Bets made 'jn any horses winning any number of plates that year, remain in force till the first day of May. Money given to have a bet laid, not re- turned if not run. All matches, bets, and engagements are void on the decease of either party before determined. An untried stallion or mare, is one whose produce had not started in public at the time of closing the engagement. In estimating winnings, it is the practice to consider the clear sum gamed only, and consequently to exempt the winner's stakes. A winner of sweepstakes of 20 guineas each (three subscribers) is, therefore, not disqualified from running for a fifty pound piate, ex pressed to bo for horses that never won a plato, match or a**e$!p stake of that value. SUPPLE M E N T TO MASON AND HIND'S POPULAR SYSTEM OF FARRIERY: COMPRISING AN ESSAY ON DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY THE HORSE; WITH REMARKS ON TREATMENT AND BREEDING; TOGETHER WITH TROTTING AND RACING TABLES SHOWING THE BEST TIME ON RECORD, AT ONE, TWO, THRE&. AND FOUR MILE HEATS; PEDIGREES OF WINNING HORSES, SINCE 1839 j AND OF THE MOST CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND MARES; WITH USEFUL CALVING AND LAMUING TABLES, ETC., ETC. BY J. S. SKINNER, Editor now of the Farmers' Library, New York ; Founder of the American Farmer, in 181* and of the Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, in 1829: hemic the first Agricul- tural and the first Sporting Periodicals established in the United Stales. PHILADELPHIA: CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, 1873. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in th<. y^ar 1872, by CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. STPREOTYPED BY J. FAGAN A SON, PHILADELPHIA. DEDICATION. Without going through the formality of asking leave to say " by his gracious permission," which, if sought, might have been withheld, this Supplement to Mason and Hind's Popular Systems of Farriery is respect- fully dedicated to Col. Balie Peyton. It is not that a contribution so inconsiderable is deemed worthy of him, or the subject so interesting; but that the Author would fain embrace any fair occa- sion to manifest to him, and through him to their com- mon friends at New Orleans, his grateful remembrance of their kindness when among them. There would be, moreover, an essential propriety in dedicating to Col. P. a more adequate offering of this sort ; as he is known to be a breeder and warm amateut of the high-bred horse; and, in his own spirit and cha racter, exemplary of what is best bred and most excel lent among men. J. S. S. New Year's Dat, 1848. For the nonce at Annapolis, iVfd 3\ PREFACE. Though, undtr over fluctuating but sometimes pro- pitious circumstances, the very climax of equestrian power may have been reached in a few cases in the United States, as in the country from which we derived our skill and material, is it not still worthy of all con- sideration how we may contrive to belay, as the sailors say, what we have gained in that important branch of Rural Industry — not only as a means of individual en- joyment, but as a prolific, indispensable source of National power and wealth ? However serious and apparently insurmountable may be the difficulties that stand in the way of farther im- provement of domestic animals, and especially the Horse — either in the general absence of the necessary means and appliances, and of adequate encouragement for the care and expense attendant on the production of Horses of high qualities, there ought, surely, among well-in- formed men, to be no obstacle arising from ignorance of the art of breeding. Hence it is that in sending forth the Ninth Edition of this popular work on Farriery, while nothing seemed to be needed in the way of de- scription or treatment of the diseases of domestic animals, and while the author of this Supplement was only called on to extend the stud-book in a manner to embrace thf pedigrees to which breeders and dealers might have occasion to refer, he could not forego the opportunitj n PREFACE. to ofTer some such additional matter as, to him at least, seems to be of sufficient value to render it acceptable and useful. In the introductory remarks on the relations existing between Man and the animals destined for his use and amusement, and the obligations these relations impose, the writer has but expressed the sentiments he has ever entertained, of duty on our part to respect the feelings and comfort of the humblest among them ; and has endeavoured to encourage continued exertions for their melioration by showing how successful and progressive such efforts have been, even up to the present time. To these observations of his own are appended those of writers of acknowledged judgment and authority — > accompanied by such notes as appeared to be apposite and well-founded ; and to these, again, have been superadded a few tables and other items which might not elsewhere be conveniently met with. His undertaking, kind reader, SUPPLEMENT, ETC. ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MAN AND THE DO- MESTIC ANIMALS — ESPECIALLY THE HORSE — AND THE OBLIGATIONS THEY IMPOSE. " La connaissance de la conformation exterieure du cheval est beau- cjup moins repandu qu'on ne le pense vulgairement : elle repose sur de? etudes d' anatomie de physiologie, de mecanique, et d' histoire naturella dont peu de personnes se font une juste idee." If animals were classified by naturalists in the order of their intelligence, docility and usefulness, the Horse and the Dog would occupy, in relation to Man, the jux- taposition they have assigned — on the ground of physical structure — to the impracticable baboon and the grotesque and chattering monkey ; and in lieu of groping in the darkness of antiquity for the period when they are sup- posed to have been entrapped or subdued, by fraud or violence, we should the rather conclude that Nature placed all the domestic animals where we have ever found them — in close association with Man, administering to his pleasures and wants ; lightening his toils and sharing his dangers, , and constantly advancing, like Man him- self, under the improving influence of civilization and the arts that belong to it. In contemplating the whole animal kingdom, docs not Man— standing preeminently at the head of it, surrounded by the domestic races — present everywhere the mosi 10 ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MAN lust; ous spot on the varied map of living creation ? From the everlasting snows of the north to the burning sands of tropical deserts, his faithful dog follows at his foot ; the horse is at his side — submissive to his will; — the patient ox bows his neck to the yoke ; and the sheep and the hog are present to supply his clothing and his food. Far otherwise is it with untameable and predatory birds and beasts. Restricted to particular regions by an all- wise Providence, the absence of food and climate con- genial to their nature forbids them to roam beyond limits comparatively circumscribed. And do not these arrange- ments for our benefit, and which give us " dominion over all the earth and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth," enjoin on us the duty of studying their habits, their economy, and all the laws of their existence — with a view to their improvement for our advantage, in every way consistent with kindness to them and with gratitude to Him, " Who in his sovereign wisdom made them all ? " And while these considerations teach us to be merciful ourselves, do they not convey the admonition « Ye therefore who love mercy, teach your sons To love it too!" The very fact that to them has been denied the power of speech, and the necessity of uncomplaining submission under every hardship, ought to put us constantly on our ^uard against practising, or permitting to be practised, any, the smallest measure of abuse or ill treatment. Thus tfvery man of common humanity will study their com- fort in all things, consistently with the purposes for which they were designed, and will never even mount his faith- ful horse without seeing that whatever is needed has oeen done to give an easy set to his saddle — and, still more, tnat all is right about his feet I AND THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 11 Doctor Rush, in a beautiful and benevolent eulogy op the Horse, in one of his lectures, related a touching anec- dote of a highly intelligent and successful Pennsylvania farmer, who, stricken down suddenly with apoplexy in his barn-yard, expired on the instant — with this last di- rection to his herdsman on his lips : « Take care of the creatures!" And the biographer of an eminent English Chancellor relates, as from himself, how his beloved son had preferred to him, in his very last moments, a petition in favour of his faithful terrier ; " And Father , you'll take care of poor Pitcher, wonH you V Nevertheless, after all the care that can be taken, we should probably be amazed if we could know the amount of pain unwit- tingly inflicted on animals dedicated to our service, and some of whose bodies are at last consumed to afford us — ■ as some would contend — superfluous nourishment, refer ring back as they do to that golden age when " Man walked with beast — joint tenant of the shade ; The same his table and the same his bed — No murder clothed him, and no murder fed." Even all. unnecessary harshness of reproof should be avoided — for it is well known that some animals are even more susceptible of painful and violent emotions, from various causes, than some men, whose hardened nature and familiarity with vice, render them as insensible to the reproaches of others as to the stings of their own conscience. Those, for instance, who have studied the character and affections of the horse — with a view to his diseases and moral susceptibilities — need not be told that while sharp and threatening words will so disturb him as to quicken his pulse some ten beats or more in a minute,* * The natural constitution of different varieties of the same class of animals is worthy of close attention. In small and thorough-bred horses, !or instance, the pulsations of the heart are about 40 to 42 — while in the larger, cold-blooded cart-horse, they do not amount to more than 36. But when ill treated, as before suggested, their pulsations are increased, 37* 12 ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MAN ne ha* in very memorable cases been known to fall dead under the excitement of the sexual and other passions. That he is sometimes animated by the strongest spirit of rivalry, and a noble ambition to excel, has been occa- sionally evinced by violent attacks on his passing rivals on the turf — and very recently the case occurred with a noble animal which fell dead at the very winning-post, in vainly struggling for victory, on the Pharsalia course at Natchez. The contest which had this melancholy issue was between Col. Minor's Jenny Lind and Col. Bing- aman's Black Dick : " Dick was the favourite at odds. Some even bets were made that he would win at three heats — and some, if the heats were broken, would not win. Jenny drew the track, and after some little mancevring, they got off together, but Dick outfooted her and took the track on the turn ; at the half-mile post she had got her head to his hips, and they ran locked round the upper turn ; at the head of the front stretch she began to draw clear of him, and spurs were applied. 'Then burst his mighty heart,' for he soon was seen to reel, but he still struggled on ; his jockey Mat, leaped unharmed from his back, and the noble animal fell dead within ten feet of the winning- post, which he had left not two minutes before in perfect health and the finest condition. No shout of triumph hailed the winner: all was sympathy and regret. Two say, ten in a minute. The natural circulation of the sheep is about 70 per minute. The average pulse of a full-grown ox, in a stale of health, Irv England, is about 40 — but this increases in a climate of higher tem- perature. Doctor James Smith (Journal of Agriculture, vol. ii. p. 92.) Suds that in the climate of Louisiana the pulse of the ox, in its natural -state, is from 08 to 75 — rising on the slightest excitement to 80. Every one knows how destructive is the moral influence of fright to a flock of sheep — when, for instance, they have been badly scared by dogs. It often happens that they never recover from its effects. For all farmers wh., nave occasion to fatten animals, we must take room for three worls — warmth, cleanliness, and quietude. They are ibe vtni-vidi-viu ", in their fields of action. AND THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 13 of our most talented medical gentlemen immediately made a post-mortem examination, and came to the con- clusion that the death of the horse was produced by apo- plexy, caused by congestion of the heart, brought on bv over-excitement and violent exertion." The annals of domestic animals abound in cases to show how liable they are to acute affections and suffer- ing, far beyond the apprehension of the most considerate and humane. Thus much, good reader, have we gladly seized the opportunity, and even gone a little beyond the require- ments of our publishers, to say in the w r ay of appeal in behalf of speechless creatures, as alive to pain as to a sense of gratitude for generous treatment ; and having already adverted to the obligation we are under to study the laws of their existence, and the means of their meli- oration, it may now, even be insisted that in the whole range of the occupations and interests of breeders of their own stock, there are few things that demand more consideration and skill than does this very branch of rural industry. The study and the pride of eveiy one should be, not merely to maintain them at a point of excellence already acquired, but to have them progressively improving in whatever constitutes economy and value ; for why should any man indolently conclude that his stock has already attained the ne plus ultra in the way of amelioration^ however superior it may be ? Such is not the fact, nor, it may safely be affirmed, would it be consonant with the orders of Providence, or even with our own interests, that it should be so. To man has been given dominion over the beasts of the field — that, like the earth itself, he should cultivate and improve them ; and for that, amon^ other purposes, was he endowed with the great, dis- tinguishing, and godlike power to prosecute intellec r ua» \i ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MAN investigations into every department of nature and in- dustry. Doubtless our ancestors, more than a century ago, were ready to believe — what indolence is ever ready to whisper — that the several races of domestic animals most immediately under their care, had then already been carried up to the maximum of improvability ; yet which of them has not been vastly bettered in the meantime, in all their valuable points — and that, too, not by any sud- den or accidental accession of one or more good quali- ties, but constantly and progressively ; by a closer study and a better knowledge of the laws of animal and vegetable physiology, and by the application of other appropriate sciences. In the plain English of the motto chosen for these reflections what is there said of the Horse may apply to other animals : " The knowledge of the external conformation of the horse is much less extended than is generally supposed. It reposes on the study of anatomy, of physiology, of mechanics, and of natural history, in a manner of which few persons have a just conception." In 1710, by the estimate of Dr. Davenant, — a writer of unquestioned candour and authority, — the weight of "black cattle" (so called, because, at that day, most cattle were of that colour) averaged but 370 pounds ; the weight of the calf was estimated at 50 pounds; and the average of sheep and lambs, taken promiscuously in the London market, was only 28 pounds. After the lapse of 120 years, — with far less of science applied to the subject than at this time, — M'Culloch, in his dictionary, so highly characterized by the accuracy of its statements, puts the average of cattle at 556 ; sheep and lambs at 50; and calves at 105. But the late accomplished Pro- fessor Youatt, in his able work on cattle estimates the average weight now at Sraithfield at 656 ; that of sheep and iambs at 90; and calves at 144; — -the weight oi AND rtfE DOMESTIC ANIMALS. J 5 each having doubled in 130 years; and that, as befoie said, not by any accidental importation from abroad, or fortunate cross at home, but by a course of careful, systematic, and sagacious attention to the laws and prin- ciples of breeding and feeding. The horse, standing at the head of the list, — sharing and supporting man in all his most pleasurable as well as toilsome and dangerous enterprises, — naturally engaged his earliest attention and most assiduous care, to cherish and improve to the high- est pitch, his noble faculties of strength, speed, and endurance ; and thus may have been already brought to the zenith of his capabilities, if indeed he has not pass- ed the culminating point ; but see what must have been achieved by the stimulus of the turf, and art in the breeding-stud, to raise the bred horse of England to a height of perfection, even above the wonderful capacity of his south-eastern ancestry, — the very "drinkers of the wind" themselves! — for we have the high authority of Nimrod, the crack writer of England on all field- sports, for saying that, on the best Indian authorities, " the best Arab, on his own ground, has not a shadow of a chance against an imported English racer, in any- thing like a good form." The celebrated race on the Calcutta Course, between Pyramus and Recruit, — the former the best Arab of his year ; the latter a second- rate English race-horse, by Whalebone, the property of die Marquis of Exeter, — settled this point, inasmuch as allowance w r as made for the comparatively diminutive size of the Arab, — it being what is termed a give-and take match, or weight for inches ; in which Recruit car- ried 10 stone 12 (152) pounds; and Pyramus only 8 stone 3 (115) pounds, an extra allowance of 7 pounds fiaving been given to him as an Arab. Pyramus, says the reporter of this race. « as goo«- 16 ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MAN an Arab (he had previously beaten all the best Arabs in Calcutta for the gold cup) as has appeared for many years. His condition was undeniable ; the distance was all in his favour, and he was ridden with superior judgment — so that the result of his match with Recruit may be con- sidered to have established this an axiom : that no allow- ance of weight, within the bounds of moderation, can bring the best Arab — even in a climate most congenial to him — upon a par with an English thorough-bred horse of moderate goodness. In addition to all these circum- stances in favour of Pyramus, it must be remembered that Recruit only landed on the 28th May, (the race was run in January), after a voyage of five months." In England, where the progress of improvement was greatly accelerated by a seasonable infusion of Arabian and barbaric blood, the bi erf-horse — standing, in respect of the equine race, as the capital on the Corinthian pil- lar — has reached a point of perfection that, if it can be kept up, we can hardly dare hope will ever be excelled I \ that country, four-mile races are nearly abolished, and i( has been said with every show of reason, that early tiaining, light weights and short distances, are impairing the stoutness of tie English race-horse and hunter, and their capacities to stand up and go the pace as in the palmy days of the English turf. In our own country, the annals of the course show, that our climate is highly congenial to the constitution and physical development of the horse — and that whenever the sport has been fashionable and the rewards adequate, he has ever been ready to meet all reasonable expectations — rather advan- cing tnan falling oack. When Floretta won her race in Washington — winning the 2d heat in 7.52, against such nags as Oscar, Top- gallant and First Consul, it was deemed a mar-dlous AND THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 1"* perforrr?.nce ;* ard sportsmen thought that the acme of speed and bottom Had been reached in our country in the days of Sir Charles and Eclipse, yet have not their best achievements been eclipsed by two illustrious and yet living rivals of each other — Boston and Fashion ? But what have we not to apprehend should what seems to be threatened come soon to pass, and the turf — the only sure test of speed and stoutness, be allowed to go down ? We remember once at a dinner-party at the British Minister's in Washington, to have inquired of the late John Randolph of Roanoke, whether the Old Domi- nion maintained, unimpaired, her claim to a superior race of horses? " No, Sir; no, Sir/' was his shrill-toned prompt reply ; " Since we gave up horse-racing and fox- hunting, and turned up the whites of our eyes, our hor jes as well as our men have sadly degenerated." Finally — justice, truth, and a sense of obligation (or the assistance derived from his labours, in the small con- tribution we are here making to the breeders and amateurs of the Horse, demand of us to say, at the least, that if the American Turf should decline, it will not be for want * This was one oi the most memorable contests that ever came off on the Washington Course. Horses were horses, and men were men, in those days. Fair-top boots, powdered heads, and golden " guineas '* were all the go — and for fairness and honour, a "stain was felt like a wound." The horses were thus placed : Dr. Edelin's c. m. Floret la, by Spread Eagle, 6 years old, 5 11 Gen. Ridgely's b. h. Oscar, by Gabriel, 6 yrs. old, 2 2 2 J. 13. Bond's b. h. First Consul, by Flag of Truce, aged 4 3 3 Col. Tayloe's b. h. Top-gallant, by old Diomed, 6 yrs. old, 14 4 M. Brown's b. m. Nancy, by Spread Eagle, 6 years old. 3 dr. In this race Floretta was closely run by Oscar and First Consul — each heat was run under 8 minutes, and the second in 7.52. Each horso made play from the score, and the time was better than had been made in that Course even up to 1829. Has such a field of men and horses come to that post since 1 In another pace — the trot — it was deemed marvellous that • old Top " •hould go his mile with 150 pounds weight in 2.45. But Lady Suf- folk — well dashed with the old Messenger blood — has done hers *u 2.28A. and is yet in full if not improving vigou r . IS THE FORM OF ANIMALS. of an able, industrious, and tasteful advocate and illus- trator of its advantages and uses, as long as W. T. Por- ter shall continue to animate and guide the " Spirit of the Times." Extensive acquaintance and coextensive popularity — the just fruits of accomplished manners and an obliging temper — have made him the focus of a most varied and recherche correspondence : while his own tact, scholarship and nice appreciation of what is good in the literary and the sporting world, enable him to turn all his rich resources to the best account, for the enjoy- ment of his numerous and refined readers — for the most part, gentlemen of blood and mettle. ON THE FORM OF ANIMALS, BY HENRY CLINE, ESQ. SURGEON. WITH NOTES BY J. S. SKINNER. The form of domestic animals has been greatly im- proved by selecting with much care, the best formed for breeding — but the theory of improvement has not been so well understood, that rules could be laid down for directing the practice. There is one point particularly, respecting which the opinions of breeders have much varied, which is, whether crossing the breed be essential to improvement. It is the intention of this communication to ascertain in what instances crossing is proper, and in what pre- judicial ; and the principles upon which the propriety of it depends. It has been generally supposed that the breed of ani- mals is improved by the largest males. This opinion has done considerable mischief, and would have done more injury hail it not been counteracted by the c'esire of selecting animals of the best form and proportions, which are rarely to be met with, in those of the largest size THE FORM OF ANIMALS. 19 Experience has proved that crossing has only suc- ceeded in an eminent degree, in those instances in which the females were larger than in the usual proportion of females to males ; and that it has generally failed when the males are disproportionally large. The external form of domestic animals has been much studied, and the proportions are well ascertained. But the external form is an indication only of internal structure. The principles of improving it must therefore be founded on the knowledge of the structure Snd use of internal parts. The lungs are of the first importance. It is on their size and soundness that the health of an animal princi- pally depends. The power of converting food into nourishment, is in proportion to their size. An animal with large lungs, is capable of converting a given quantity of food into more nourishment than one with smaller lungs, and therefore has a greater aptitude to fatten.* The Chest. The external indication of the size of the lungs is the form and size of the chest; the form of which should * [In farther explanation of this principle, it may he added, from an au- thor who had evidently read and relied on this ahle Essay of Surgeon Cline, that muscular exertion facilitates the return of venous blood to the right side of the heart, and in long continued and violent exertion, the respiration being quickened, the lungs — if small — are unable to arteriulize and get rid of die blood as fist as it is pumped into them ; consequently, if there is not room for the blood, congestion tikes place, and the horse becomes what is termed »• blown" — the lungs beinsj gorged Hith blood, and sometimes the animal is destroyed by it. In England it is said to be " well understood that a majority of horses that perish under a hard press ' across the country,' are narrow-chestea /" The conical form, not of the body, but of the chest, as laid down in the next paragraph, is very observable in the best paintings of Fashion. There, and in her quarters and hocks, appear to us to lie the great sources of her vet in this country unequalled speed and stoutness.— I. S. S."| 38 20 THE FORM OF ANIMaLS. have the figure of a cone, having its apex situated between the shoulders, and its base towards the loins. The capacity of the chest depends upon its form more than on the extent of the circumference ; for, where the girth is equal in two animals, one may have much larger lungs than the other. A deep chest therefore is nat capacious unless it is proportionally broad. The Pelvis. The pelvis is the cavity formed by the junction of tht haunch bones with the bones of the rump. It is essential that this cavity should be large in the female, that she may be enabled to bring forth her young with less diffi- culty. When this cavity is small, the life of the mother and of her offspring is endangered. The size of the pelvis is chiefly indicated by the width of the hips and the breadth of the twisty which is the space between the thighs. The breadth of the loins is always in proportion to that of the chest and pelvis. The Head. The head should be small, by which the birth is facil- itated. Its smallness affords other advantages, and gen- erally indicates that the animal is of a good breed. Horns are useless to domestic animals. It is not dif- ficult to breed animals without them. The breeders of horned cattle and horned sheep, sustain a loss more extensive than they may conceive ; for it is not the horns alone, but also much more bone in the skulls of such animals to support their horns ; besides there is an addi- tional quantity of ligament and muscle in the ntck which is of small value. The skull of a ram with its horns, weighed five times more than another skull which was hornless. Both these skulls were taken from sheep of the same a$-/*, euth be ng THE FORM OF ANIMALS. 21 four )>ears old. The great difference in weight depended chiefly on the horns ; for the lower jaws were nearly equal, one weighing seven ounces, and the other six ounces and three quarters ; which proves that the natural size of the head was nearly the same in both, independent of the horns and the thickness of the bone which supports them.* In a horned animal, the skull is extremely thick. In a hornless animal it is much thinner ; especially in that part where the horns usually grow. To those who have not reflected on the subject, it maj appear of little consequence whether sheep and cattle have horns — but on a very moderate calculation it will be found, that the loss in farming stock, and also in the diminution of animal food, is very considerable, from the production of horns and their appendages. A mode of breeding which would prevent the production of these, would afford a considerable profit in an increase of meat and wool, and other valuable parts. The length of the neck should be proportioned to the height of the animal, that it may collect its food with ease. The Muscles. The muscles and tendons, w T hich are their appendages, should be large ; by which an animal is enabled to travel with greater facility. * [It is mntter of surprise that among the varieties of cattle imported, no one should hring the celehrated Suffolk polled or hornless cattle. Be- sides the advantage here enumerated, valuable animals are sometimet killed by being gored. In respect of this breed, Youatt speaks very highly. He says they sometimes give 32 quarts of milk, and 24 is not uncommon, in a day — and adds: — "There are few short-horn cows ; although far superior in size to the Suffolks, and consuming nearly double the quantity of food ; that will yield more milk than is usuallv obtained from the smaller polled breed." Formerly the Suffolk pollea cattle were generally of a dun colour, and thence commonly called 8uf- S»lk duns, but that colour has of late been repudiated. — J. S. S.] 22 THE FORM OF ANIMALS. The Bones. The strength of an animal does not depend upon the size of the bones, but on that of the muscles — Many animals with large bones are weak, their muscles being small. Animals that were imperfectly nourished d iring growth, have their bones disproportionately large. If such deficiency of nourishment originated from a con- stitutional defect, which is the most frequent cause, they remain weak during life. Large bones, therefore, gene- rally indicate an imperfection in the organs of nutrition. On the improvement of Form. To obtain the most approved form, two modes of breeding have been practised — one, by the selection of individuals of the same family — called breeding in-and- in. The other by selecting males and females from different varieties of the same species ; which is called crossing the breed. When a particular variety approaches perfection in form, breeding in-and-in may be the better practice — especially for those not well acquainted with the princi- ples on which improvement depends. * ♦[Professor Youatt says, on this subject [breeding in-and-in]: " It is the fact, however some may deny it, that strict confinement to one breed, however valuable or perfect, produces deterioration." By what he after- ward says, as will be seen, be must have meant confinement to one family or strain of the same breed. The rule should be this: that valuable qualities being once established, which it is desirable to keep up, should thereafter be preserved by occasional crosses with the best animal tc be had of the same breed, but of a different family, This is the secret which has maintained the bred Horse in his great superiority— for although, as INimrod avers, the immediate descendants of eastern horses have, almost without an exception, proved so deficient of late years that breeders will no more have recourse to them than the farmer would go for immediate improvement to the natural or original oat ; yet the breeder is glad to cross his stock with one of another strain or family of the same blood, taking care never to depart from the blood of the south- eastern courser which flows in the heart of all families of Horses of th» biphnst capabilities. THE FORM OF ANIMALS. 23 When the male is much larger than the female, the offspring is generally of an imperfect form. If the female be proportionally larger, the ofTspiing is of an improved form. For instance, if a well-formed large rain be put to ewes proportionally smaller, the lambs will not be so well shaped as their parents ; but if a small ram be put to larger ewes, the lambs will be of an improved form. It is here worthy of remark that Nicholas Hankey Smith, who resided a long time among the Arabs, in a work entitled " Observations on Breeding for the Turf," gives as his opinion that colts bred in-and-in 6how more blood in their heads, are of better form, and fit to start with fewer sweats than the English turf-horse ; but when the incestuous intercourse has continued a few generations, he says, the animal de- generates. This plan of breeding in-and-in, says Youatt farther, when speaking f»f cattle : " has many advantages to a certain extent. It may be pursued Until the excellent form and qualities of the breed are developed and established. It was the source whence sprung the cattle and the sheep of Bakewell, and the superior cattle of Colling — and to it must be traced the speedy degeneracy, the absolute disappearance, of the new Leicester or Bakewell cattle ; and in the hands of many an agriculturist, the im- pairment of constitution and decreased value of the new Leicester sheep nnd the Short-Horn beasts. It has therefore become a kind of principle with the agriculturist to effect some change in his stock every second or third year — and that change is most conveniently effected by introducing a new bull or ram. These should be as nearly as possible of the same 6ort coming from a similar pasturage and climate, but possessing no relationship, or at most a very distant one, to the stock to which he is introduced" — and these remarks " apply to all descriptions of live-stock," says Professor Johnston, author of the Farmer's Cyclopedia. This is the secret whereby Mr. George Patterson, of Maryland, has not only kept up but improved the size and beauty of his North De- vons. Every "two or three years," a new bull the best to be had in England, is introduced to his cows. The neglect of this precaution, and breeding in-and-in too closely, are the true reasons why we so rarely see the descendants of imported stock in this country equal to the originals. Too close breeding tells in Man as well as in beast ; hence the famoua lines of Lord Byron when speaking of the nobility : " They breed in-and-in as might be known, « Marrying their cousins, nay. their aunts and nieces, «« Which always spoils the breed, if it increases." But, after all, we must look closely to the form of the parents as well in Horses as cattle — for, let the world dispute as it may, whether " blood is everything," or "blood is nothing," — be the blood what it mav, who has ever seen, as Apperley asks, an instance of a misshapen horse and ill-formed mare producing winners? — J. S. S.l 38* 24 THE FORM OF ANIMALS. The proper method of improving the form of animals, consists in selecting a well-formed female, proportionall) larger than the male. The improvement depends on this principle, that the power of the female to supply he" offspring with nourishment is in proportion to her size, and to the power of nourishing herself from the excel- lence of her constitution. The size of the foetus is generally in proportion to that of the male parent ; and therefore, when the female pa- rent is disproportionately small, the quantity of nourish- ment is deficient, and her offspring has all the dispro- portions of a starveling. But when the female, from her size and good constitution, is more than adequate to the nourishment of a foetus of a smaller male than herself, the growth must be proportionately greater. The larger female has also a greater quantity of milk, and her off- spring is more abundantly supplied with nourishment after birth. To produce the most perfect formed animal, aOundant nourishment is necessary from the earliest period of its existence, until its growth is complete. It has been observed, in the beginning of this paper, that the power to prepare the greatest quantity of nour- ishment, from a given quantity of food, depends princi- pally upon the magnitude of the lungs, to which the organs of digestion are subservient. To obtain animals with large lungs, crossing is the most expeditious method ; because well-formed females may be selected" from a variety of a large size, to be put to a well-formed male of a variety that is rather smaller. By such a method of crossing, the lungs and heart become proportionately larger, in consequence of a pe- culiarity in the circulation of the foetus, which causes a larger proportion of the blood, under such circumstances, 10 be uistributed to the lungs than to the other parts of Tilt FORM OF ANIMALS. 25 the body ; arid as the shape and size of the chesi depend upon that of the lungs, hence arises the remarkably largt chest, which is produced by crossing with fenjales tha* are larger than the males. The practice according to this principle of improve* ment, however, ought to be limited ; for, it may be car- ried to such an extent, that the bulk of the body might be so disproportioned to the size of the limbs as to pre- vent the animal from moving with sufficient facility. In animals where activity is required, this practice should not be extended so far as in those which are required for the food of man. On the Character of Animals. By character in animals is here meant, those external appearances by which the varieties of the same species are distinguished. The characters of both parents are observed in their off- spring ; but that of the male more frequently predominates? +[To the eontrary of this, as to Hor*rs, T. B. Johnson, author of the Shooter's Companion, and a writer ol high authority, says : " although it is a maxim universally admitted,. that an equal degree of precaution should be used in respect to the Horse, it is doubly and trebly necessary with the mare — because strict observation has demonstrated that nearly or full two out of every three foals, display in their appearance more of the dan* than the sire ; and that there are more fillies than colts fallen every year will not admit of a doubt." This positively asserted predominance of females over males, may be accounted for on the principle established by very numerous experiments in France with sheep, if not with other animals — on the results of which the experimenter, whose name is not remembered, based and confidently asserted his theory, that the sex of the offspring, in all cases, depends much on the co/nparative vigour of the parents. By putting old ewes to young rams in the prime of life, he never failed to get n lar^e vro~ portion of ram lambs ; and, vice rersa, when young ewes in their prime were put to a ram lamb, which had not yet attained his full growth any development, or to old ones far gone in the down-hill of life, then a very large proportion were females. A great number of experiments were given corroborative of the doctrine. Is it not reasonable to suppose that 4u influence sufficient to control the sex. would have an effect on exte* lb THE FORM OF ANIMALS. This may be illustrated in the breeding of horned ani- mals; among which there are many varieties of sheep, and some of catlle, that are hornless. If a hornless ram be put to a horned ewe, almost all the lambs will be hornless ; partaking of the character of the male rather than of the female parent. In some countries, as Norfolk, Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, most of the sheep have horns. In Norfolk the horns may be got rid of by crossing with the Ryeland rams ; which would also improve the form of the chest and the quality of the wool. In Wiltshire and Dorsetshire, the same improvements might be made by crossing the sheep with South Down rams. An offspring without horns might be obtained from the Devonshire cattle, by crossing with hornless bulls of the Galloway breed ; which would also improve the form of the chest, in which, the Devonshire cattle are often de- ficient. Examples of the good effects of crossing the breeds. The great improvement of the breed of horses in Eng- land arose from crossing with those diminutive Stallions, Barbs, and Arabians ; and the introduction of Flanders mares into this country was the source of improvement in the breed of cart-horses. The form of the swine has also been greatly improved, by crossing with the small Chinese boar. Examples of the bad effects of crossing the breeds. W T hen it became the fashion in London to drive large bay horses, the farmers in Yorkshire put their mares to Dal form and colour! It may be a reason why some of our very popu- lar Stallions, being overtasked, have had so few of their get to rival them in power and fame. Every reader may cast about for himself, for in- stances, to see how far and to what other animals the principle applies. After all, in an economico-agricultural view, it is much more important lhat the stallion should be all right because it is his blood that ; s to b« diffused far and wide. — J. S. S.] THE FORM OF ANIMALS. 27 much larger stallions than usual, and thus, did infinite mischief to their breed, by producing a race of smalJ chested, long legged, large boned worthless animals.* A similar project was adopted in Normandy, to en- large the breed of Horses there by the. use of stallions from Holstein ; and, in consequence, the best breed of Horses in France would have been spoiled, had not the farmers discovered their mistake in time, by observing the offspring much inferior in form, to that of the native stallions. Some graziers in the Island of Sheppey, conceived that they could improve their sheep by large Lincoln- shire rams, the produce of which, however, was much inferior in the shape of the carcase, and the quality of the wool ; and their flocks were greatly injured by this attempt to improve them. Attempts to improve the native animals of a country, by any plan of crossing, should be made with the great- est caution ; for, by a mistaken practice extensively pur- sued, irreparable injury may be done. * [This was the effect experienced in Maryland, by the use of Exile, % Cleveland bay, of the highest breeding of his sort in England, imported by the late Robert Patterson about the year 1820. At three years old, he was advertised for sale, and stated to be then upward of 16 hands high. They may do very well, with their long legs, long backs and long tails, for the heavy, lumbering slow coaches of millionaires, to drive to church, and occasionally to make a swell in town, but they are not fitted for the country — and especially not for this country. True, for the coach-horse we want substance, but we want that substance well placed, deep, well-proportioned body, rising in the withers, and slanting shoul- ders, short back well ribbed home, and broad loins; sound, flat, short legs, with plenty of bone under the knee ; and sound, open, tough feet. " In fact, coach-horses should be nothing more than large hackneys, Tarying in height from 15 hands I inch to 16 hands 1 inch." Sue 1 } horses, of good colour, and well matched, will always ^.ommard a hi^h figure from the swelled heads in our large cities — men who have aro«*;j rich as the conduits of exchange, between the produce' and trie CO* turner of Agriculture and Manufactures.-— \ S. S.] 28 THE FORM OF ANIMALS. In any country where a particular race of animals uas continued for centuries, it may be presumed that their constitution is adapted to the food and climate. The pliancy of the animal economy is such, as that an animal will gradually accommodate itself to great vicis- situdes in climate and alterations in food ; and by de- grees undergo great changes in constitution ; but these changes can be affected only by degrees, and may often require a greater number of successive generations for their accomplishment. It may be proper to improve the form of a native race, nut at the same time it may be very injudicious to attempt to enlarge their size. The size of animals is commonly adapted to the soil w r hich they inhabit ; where produce is nutritive and abun- dant, the animals are large, having grown proportionally to the quantity of food which for generations they have been accustomed to obtain. Where the produce is scanty, the animals are small, being proportioned to the quantity of food which they were able to procure. Of these contrasts the sheep of Lincolnshire and of Wales are examples. The sheep of Lincolnshire would starve on the mountains of Wales. Crossing the breed of animals may be attended with bad effects in various ways ; and that, even when adopted m the beginning on a good principle ; for instance, sup- pose some larger ewes than those of the native breed were taken to the mountains of Wales and put to the rams of that country ; if these foreign ewes were fed in proportion to their size, their lambs would be of an im- proved form and larger in size than the native animals; but the males produced by this cross, though of a good form, would be disproportionate in size to the native ewes; and therefore, if permitted to mix with them, would be proJuctivt of a standing ill-formed pn«geii\ THK FOKM OF ANIMALS. 2^ Thus a cross which, at first, was an improvement, would, by giving occasion to a contrary cross, ultimately pre- judice the breed. The general mistake in crossing has arisen from an attempt to increase the size of a native race of animals ; being a fruitless effort to counteract the laws of nature. The Arabian Horses are, in general, the most perfect in the world ; which probably has arisen from great care in selection, and also from being unmixed with any va- riety of the same species, the males have therefore never been disproportioned in size to the females. The native Horses of India are small, but well propor- tioned, and good of their kind. With the intention of increasing their size, the India company have adopted & plan of sending large stallions to India. If these stal- lions should be extensively used, a disproportioned race must be the result, and a valuable breed of Horses be irretrievably spoiled. From theory, from practice, and from extensivt ob- servation, whicn is more to be depended upon than either, it is reasonable to form this conclusion, that it is wrong to enlarge a native breed of animals ; for in proportion to their increase of size, they become worse in form, less hardy, and more liable to disease.* * [For this plain reason, our farmers should have recourse to well-formed hulls of a smaller or middling size, rather than to those of a larger breed than the average size of their own cattle, and also why it is far better to employ compact, short-backed, well-formed, thorough-bred stallions, than cold-blooded stallions of larger size. Essential difference has been found, by analysis in France, between the blood of the ordinary Horse and that of the aristocratic iace de- scended from the south-eastern courser. It is stated to be less serous than that of the common Horse. One cannot but admire the ardour with which, in France, they are now applying the sciences to enlighten all branches of agriculture, as it has been so much more and more suc- cessfully applied to other industries. A society of the first men of that country is devoted to the melioration of the Horse, and they under »ake to predict the time not distant when " lu science Ju chcvd,' tiw 30 THE FORM OF ANIMALS. science of the anatomy and physiology of the Horse — wih he as well understood and agreed upon as any principles in Geometry. The reason that, in our country, agriculture has benefited so much less by the application of the sciences, is that the policy of the govern- ment has a tendency to disperse them, while it concentrates other classes Instead of compelling the consumer — the shoemaker, the tailor, the wheelwright, and all manufacturing consumers to come from abroad as well as at home, and settle down nearest to them, the agriculturist* foster a policy which compels them — over bad roads — to expend hall di» produce in carrying it to the fashioner and consumer. — J. S. 8.J THE PRINCIPLES OF BREEDING. 31 ON THE IMPORTANCE OF MORE ATTENTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF BREEDING — THE STALLION AND THE BROOD MARE. To every lover of the Horse, possessed of a knowledge of his fine points and capabilities, it must be lamentable to perceive how miserably ignorant and careless the mass of breeders of that noble animal appear to be, as to all the precautions which are indispensable to maintain him at the point of excellence which is known 'to be attainable — much less by well-digested and rational systems of breeding and rearing throughout the country, to meliorate his form and invigorate his constitution ; and on no one *)oint is there, seemingly, more pernicious indifference displayed than in regard to the condition of the stallions they employ, as set forth in the Essay which these re- marks are intended to introduce. Well has it been said, in the introduction to the "An- nales des Haras el de V Agriculture" that if the import- ance of a question is to be measured by the number of those who are occupied with it, that of the multiplicat* and of the amelioration of the Horse ought to hold th*s first rank in Political and Rural economy. The traditions of antiquity — those of nations, whether barbarous or enlightened — writings the most ancient as well as the "Dost modern — prove to us \ le estimation which Man, in all times, has attached to this his most noble conquest, to use the expression of Buffon. The Horse, as there alleged, is in truth the most fruitful source of the riches of States, by his indispensable instrumentality in the cultivation of the soil. He is one of the most direct agents of their power by the use th?.t is made of him in armies, whether in peace or in war ; and has contributed nuch moie than is generally considered, to the civiliza 39 32 THE IMPORTANCE OF ATTENTION tion of communities, by facilitating intercourse betweej* ihem and the individuals of whom they are composed. It is not, then, astonishing that in the abstract, so much importance should be attached to the multiplication and improvement of an animal so useful ; but is it not Amazing that this universal admission of his value, and the general interest of society in cultivating his finest qualities, should give rise to no association or system in our country, based on reason, and guided by scientific principles? On the contrary, everything is left to chance, to ignorance, and to narrow and sordid calculations of economy. True, we have societies that group the Horse with every other animal and thing, and offer petty pre miums for the mere .exhibition of the best that may happen to be convenient to, or purchased for the show • but should not an object so important be made the sub ject of special associations, and of legislative encourage- ment, directed to a thorough investigation of the princi pies to be followed in all enlarged and judicious plans for the melioration of the whole race? Look at the amount of capital involved in the w T hole Union — 4,365,669 horses. Value these at an average of $50, and we have a capital of $218,283,450, which, with anything like judgment or system, might be brought to an average improvement of at least twenty per cent, in a few years. What is the number lost by exposure to sudden vicis- situdes of weather — to lad shoeing — in short, to ill treatment and ignorance of the management and the remedies prescribed in this work, no one can venture to estimate. Youait sets down the loss of cattle by disease annually in England at $50,000,000 !— and the loss of sheep at one-tenth of the whole number; and though {.here the veterinary art is taught as a science in the en- dowed colleges, and regular professors practise it throughout tte kingdom, he says it is difficult *o say TO THE PRINCIPLES OF BREEDING. 9 w! /» ii is the greater source of this immense loss to the agriculture of the country — " the ignorance, and obstinacy of the servant and the cow-leech, or the ignorance a?id supineness of the owner." The Horse, in a state of nature, even the colt — until subjected to ignorant hand- ling and cruel management, is much healthier than after he comes under the hands of him who ought to be his kindest friend. If such be the immense mortality in England, what nust it be among Horses in this country, where not one farmer in a hundred knows how to tell the colic from the botts, or the thrush from the scratches — ignorant alike of symptoms and of treatment ? Properly appreciating the importance of a constant supply of Horses for their cavalry, as one of the most efficient arms of her military power — the French Govern- ment takes it upon itself to supply its thirty-six thousand communes with stallions, whose services are put at the lowest rate, the average being set down at 5 or 10 francs, (one or two dollars,) and these stallions are required to be not under a certain age — four at the least — nor under a certain standard of height, according as they are tho- rough-bred, half-bred, or slow draft: 1 m. 49 centimes, or a fraction over 14.2 for thorough-bred ; 1 m. 55 c. for half-bred ; and 1 m. 55 c. for heavy draft stallions — and undergo every year rigid inspection, to guard not only against palpable deformity of shape, but against any latent or transmissible diseases. Opposed as is the genius of our political institutions to regulations, too minute, of individual industry and concerns, yet it is hard to say why a planter's tobacco or his butter should be subjected to rigid inspection, and condemned and taken from him for bad quality or short weight, and yet that any fat, lazy, lounging rapscallion should be allowed to set up a public stallion without spirit or action, an* 34 THE STALLION AND BROOD MARE. *oo often tainted with some hereditary disorder or defect of body or temper — to deform and poison everything he .s allowed to touch. The Arabians, after having brought their breed of Horses to the highest degree of perfection of which they consider them capable, are said to have preserved their splendid qualities of great endurance with highly organized matter and natural soundness of limb, by prohibiting the use of stallions until approved by a public inspector. " Breeders of all kinds of Horses, " says Nimrod, " but of the race-horse above all others, scarcely require to be cautioned against purchasing or breeding from mares, or putting them to stallions, con- stitutionally inferior. By constitutionally inferior is chiefly implied, having a tendency to fail in the legs and feet during their training, which too many of our present racing breed are given to — although the severity of train- ing is not equal to what it was some years back. It w r ould be invidious to particularize individual sorts ; but, says he, we could name stallions and mares from which the greatest expectations were raised, whose progeny have sacrificed thousands of their owners' money, en- tirely from this cause." After instancing numerous cases to show the heritableness of diseases — glanders among others — of horses, sheep, and cattle, "these conside- lations," continues an eminent French writer, Professor Dupuy, on the Veterinary art, " are to us of the greatest moment, since we have it in our power by coupling and crossing well-known breeds, to lessen the number of ani- mals predisposed to these diseases. Acting up to these ideas, our line of conduct is marked out. We must banish from our establishments, designed to improve the breed, such animals as show any signs of tuberculous disease or any analogous affection." Thus much have we felt called upon to say, introduc- tory of the following able dissertation on the condition THE STALLION AND BROOD MARE. 3£ of the stallion — anonymously written by some gentle- man who has evidently observed the precaution to*> often neglected ; to understand his subject, before he oegan to speak upon it. It is taken from the " Farmers' Library," for which it was written, and where, it may be needless to say, such writers will always be truly •♦eleome. As against the assertion of Surgeon Cline, with whom the author of this Essay agrees as to the pre- dominant influence of the male in characterizing the progeny, we have, in another place, arrayed the opinion of Mr. Johnson, it is but fair here to adduce, in support of the affirmative side of the proposition, the all-power- ful testimony of Mr. Apperly, who says : « Virgil, in his excellent remarks on breeding Horses, tells those of his readers who wish to gain prizes to look at the dam ; and until of very late years, it was the prevailing opinion of Englishmen that in breeding a racer the mare is more essential than the Horse, in the production of him in his highest form ; and we know it to have been the notion entertained by the late Earl of Grosvenor — the most ex- tensive though not perhaps the most successful breeder of thorough-bred stock that England ever saw. The truth of this supposition, however, has not been confirmed by the experience of the last half century, and much more dependence is now placed on the stallion than on the mare. The racing calendar, indeed, clearly proves the fact. " Notwithstanding the prodigious number of very highly bred and equally good mares that are every year put to the horse, it is from such as are put to our very best stallions that the great winners are produced. This can in no other way be accounted for than by such horses having the faculty of imparting to their progeny th»j peculiar external and internal formation absolutely esse it* Ual to the first-rate race-horse ; or, if the t^rm < bloou' 39* 36 THE tsT^LLION AND BROOD MARK. De insisted on, that certain innate but not preternatura* virtue peculiarly lelonging to some horses, but not U others, which, when it meets with no opposition from the mare — or, in the language of the stable, where ' the cross nicks' by the mare admit of a junction of good shapes — seldom fails in producing a race-horse in his very best form." After all, when the reader shall have carefully perused the following disquisition, he will, we think, be apt to concur with us in the belief that incalculable loss and deterioration ensue from an almost universal want of attention to the condition of the stallion, and from igno- rance in what true condition consists. The maxim of the feeder of the ox may be embraced in the words warmth, cleanliness and quiet. Not so with the grazier of s/ocA>cattle — for they may be kept too warm ; nor with the owner of a Stallion ; yet too generally they manage him as if he had nothing to do but to eat, drink, and sleep — except when suddenly aroused to go through violent agitation to the opposite extreme. — On the subject of the comparative agency of the male and female parent in the modification of the progeny in form and character, as sir Roger expressed it « much may be said on both sides." There needs no citation of instances to show the influence of the male progenitor in modifying the exterior form and colour, of the ofT spring, aftd may we not infer it in regard to its internal structure, its temper and character? Neither can we deny the share of the female parent in the same influences — see how often the calf, in its marks, exhibits an exact copy of its dam. But there are cases of what is called Sftperfoctation, which go to show some extraordinary power of the male in transmitting his influence even tc the second and third generation on the fruits of subse- quent conceptions from sexual intercourse between the THE STALLION AN") BROOD MARE. T iraine dam ami other males. No fact in Natural Histon need to be better proved ; and circumstances lead us H believe, though we are not aware that the question has occurred to naturalists, that this always occurs with thf first or virgin conception; and if so, it admonishes the breeder to be especially particular in the selection of the male to which is granted the high privilege of the first access. Out of many cases that might be referred to, the reader's memory may be here refreshed as to two that are somewhat familiar. Twenty-six years ago, in the London Farmer's Journal was recorded the ease which had then lately appeared in the Philosophical Transactions, on the authority of Ea:i Moreton, stating that his lordship possessed a male animal called Quagga by the Hottentots — in whose mountains they abound. It closely resembles the Zebra, but of a smaller size. He determined on obtaining a foal by this animal, from a chestnut-coloured mare of seven-eighths blood, which had never been bred from. This gross prostitution — as we should call it — took place, and accordingly a female hybrid progeny was produced, w 7 hich bore, in form and colour, decided indications of mixed blood, but proved incapable of breeding — as is al- most universally the case with mules ; but not quite, as the writer has proved in his edition of Youatt on the Horse, f Lea & Blanchard,) on the most unquestionable testimony. This mare of seven-eighth Arabian blood was soon after sold to Sir Gore Ousley, who afterward bred from her, by a very fine black Arabian stallion, two colts. These Lord Moreton went to see and examine, — *he one a two-year old filly ; the other a yearling colt — both of which were as strongly characterized by Arabian blooii as might be expected where there was fifteen-sixteentha of it present — but both in their colour and hair of theii manes, they showed a striking resemblance t the (-u /gga 38 THE STALLJo.V AND BROOD MARE. The whole statement was fully verifie to the Society bj Doctor Woolaston, a member of it, who examined both the filly and colt, and who was " distinguished for his very extensive knowledge." Following the communication of Lord Moreton hi the Transactions, is one from Dr. Woolaston, relating the case of a black and white sow r , of Mr. Western's cele- brated breed of hogs (she being the property of a Mr. Giles) which was put to a wild boar, of a deep chestnut colour, that was soon after by accident drowned. The pigs produced, which were the sow's^zrstf litter — partook in appearance of both boar and sow, but in some the chestnut colour of the boar strongly prevailed. This sow was afterward put to a boar of Mr. Western's breed. The pigs produced were some of them stained and clearly marked with the chestnut colour which had prevailed in the former litter. Her next litter, by a boar of Mr. Wes- tern's spotted, black and white breed, were also stained with marks of the wild boar — although in no other in- stance, with any other sow, had the least tinge of the chestnut colour been observed. Another very striking instance of the transmissible in- fluence which survives the f st and impresses itself on subsequent conceptions, occ red under the observation of the writer of this, and wa' it is believed, related in a small volume scribbled and jblished under the title of " The Sportsman and his Dog." The case was that of a beautiful coach-dog bitch, Annette, presented to him by that earnest and efficient promoter of agricultural im- provement, Gorham Parsons of Massachusetts, along with her full brother, Lubin. Though closely watched for the first signs of sexual appetite, with a view to a litter of the genuine breed for the great pleasure of giving them to friends to whom they were promised, a straj dog, of large size, of white colour, except his black ears THE STALLION AND 3ROOD MARE. &* contrived \\> steal the fiist access to the bitch, and in all subsequent Jitters, by Lubin, one pup always appeared to attest the indelible impression made in the enthusiasm of a first embrace. It may gratify curiosity to note such facts, and may serve, beyond all dispute, to show how cautious every breeder should be in the cho ; °e of the male — especially the one first employed. But how vain to endeavour to account for these things ! Nature invites us to study her ways, and science is most efficiently applied to every art and every industry, when it most closely conforms to her laws: but she has certain arcana of her own, which she keeps in reserve, and which defy the scrutiny of the most curious and im- portunate inquirer. We see enough to know that her laws are enacted by an All-Wise and Overruling Power; an J can never be too grateful for the faculties that enable us, so much above other created beings, to study and under- stand them, and yet more for that hopeful thirst for know- ledge which is leading us on from one discoveiy f.o an- other, until, in view of what science is revealing from year to year, who shall say how near we may be per- mitted to approach the Supreme Intelligence ? Oh that our love of peace and of each other, may k?fp way *ri$h our progress in knowledge! — for of tho^o to whom much is given, much shall be required — else, has it been we£ iskc d, "why was Man thus eminently raised Amid the vast creation! Why etrp.nvered, Through life anil death, to cast hi* watchful eye With thought heyond the limits o« his frame — But that the Omnipotent might tend him forth I:i sight of angels and approving worlds: Might send him forth the sovereign good to learn \ To chase each meaner passion from his hreast. And through the storms of passion and of sense To hold straight on, with constant heart, and eye Still fixed upon Man's everlasting palm, The approving pmilc of Heaven.'' 40 TIiiv STALLION AND BROOD MARK. There is, as elsewhere intimated, if we consult Nature, always acting for the best, — reason to conclude it wa at which her daughter attended. During the whole evening she and the soldier danced and sang together; when heated by the toddy and the dance, they left the cottage and after the lapse of an hour were found to- gether in a glen, in a state of utter insensibility, from the effects of their former festivity ; and the consequence of this interview was the birth of an idiot. He is now nearly six years of age, and his mother does not believe that he is able to recognise either herself or any other individual. He is quite incapable of making signs whereby his wants can be made known, with tfcis ex- ception, that when hungry he gives a wild shriek. This is a case upon which it would be painful to dwell, and I shall only remark that the parents are both intelligent, and that the fatal result cannot otherwise be accounted for than by the almost total prostration or eclipse of the intellect of both parties from intoxication." For another instance of a peculiar constitution derivec from a parent at the time of copulation, and owing to z temporary excitement of the animal, a respectable farmer related to the writer of this Essay that he witnessed the etfect of pain and nervous agitation on a stallion just before the moment of covering, in the production of a wild, timid, violent and worthless colt. The sire was in repute as one of the best horses ever kept in the dis trict ; and his stock afterward justified the opinion. The groom became angry and beat him in his stall in a cruel manner, and then led him out and allowed him to co^er the mare, which was one of a perfectly quiet and ord^rh temper. The consequence was the production o*" an animal totally valueless, as above mentioned. That the doctrine here held is no « new thing under the sun " is evident from many venerated authors. Plu- tarch says " The advice which I am now about tc ?i-e, THE CONDITION OF A STALLION. 45 is indeed no other than what hath been given by those who have undertaken this argument before me. You will ask me what is that ? 'Tis this, that no man keep company with his wife for issue sake, but when he is sober — as not having before either drunk any wine, or, at least, not tc such a quantity as to distemper him ; for they usually prove wine-bibbers and drunkards whose parents begot them when they were drunk ; wherefore, Diogenes said to a stripling somewhat crack-brained and half-witted, < Surely, young man, thy father begot thee when he was drunk ?'" Shakspeare intimates the same belief in making a hero insult his enemies with the taunt " For ye were got in fear." On no other known principle than this condition, or a peculiar state of the system at and before the time of copulation, can be explained the important fact which forms at once a criterion of skill in the scientific breeder, and a stumbling-block to the ignorant and unreasonable one, who would expect success without giving himself the trouble of investigating the natural laws which govern the subject of his operation : such a person is too apt to argue within himself that because the same parents at different times produce offspring of opposite character- istics, there can be no certain rules by which to create determinate qualities in the progeny: such a one would maintain that, because all the children of one married couple are usually somewhat different in characteristics from each other, there can be no means of predicting, with an approach to certainty, the qualities to be pro- duced in the offspring by a particular sexual intercourse Now this law of condition accounts for the difference between individuals produced at several births from the same parents. The case of twins, in the human species, serves to strengthen this argument, inasmuch as the two 46 THE CONDITION OF A STALLION. persons produced at one birth usually beai a close resero blance to each other, in all respects. li is known that ideal impressions on the femal parent, subsequent to conception, frequently take per- manent effect on the offspring. That such causes do not usually give the leading characteristics to the progeny, is evident from these considerations : 1st. The consequences of such impressions on the female, are usually somewhat of an unnatural or mon- strous order, being different from the traits of either parent, and from the common nature of the variety to whic*~ the animals belong. 2d. It is a settled point with breeders that the pro geny is more strongly characterized by the traits of the male, than by those of the female parent. This fact is well known ; and indeed it can hardly be expected other- wise than that the sex which bears so much the stronge. impress of character, should impart the more visible re- semblance to the offspring. 3d. It is an ascertained law of Nature, that peculiar- ities of climate, food, occupation and most other circurn stances affecting the well-being of an animal, produce in its constitution a change such as is necessary for the wel- fare of the species ; and that this proceeds throughout many generations, until the animal becomes completely adapted to the circumstances of its existence. [The same thing occurs in the vegetable kingdom.] This last consideration, of the gradually altered state of an animal through successive generations, is a strong instance of the effect of condition ; and it is by a regard to this invariable law of Nature, of self-adaptation to cir- cumstances, that the cultivation or improvement of any creed is to be effected. « Hence the most acid and worthless grape is by skilful culture rendered sweet and uscious, flowery without attraction are graduall) nurtured THE CONDITION OF A STALLION. 4/ into beauty and fragrance ; the cat may be made to pre- sent all the rich colours of the tortoise-shell, and the pigeon may be ' bred to a feather.' " Le* us now endeavour to deduce a useful, practical conclusion from the foregoing arguments. If our doc- trine be correct, the horse-breeder will depend upon the condition of the stallion, in order to the producing of valuable stock from him, as well as upon his other qual- ities of pedigree, speed, action, bottom, wind, temper, spirit, form, style, size, colour, &c. The next practical question is, how this condition is to be attained, and how the animal is to be kept at the required standard in this respect. The requisite condition is only to be attained by training for health and strength in a great measure according to the system of training for races : supplying an abundant nourishment of the best quality, allowing sufficient periods of repose for di- gestion, and giving regular and strong exercise, the whole with such variations as only experience and close observation, under constant practice, can dictate. The aptitude of an animal to benefit by training is often inherited, like other qualities, from its parentage; and judicious breeding alone can insure a continuance of the desirable quality, or create a propensity for it by proper crossing, when it does not exist in the parents. The age at which the horse is best adapted to under- go a course of training, is just at the close of his most rapid period of growth, while the system is in its great- est freshness and vigour. This period is at abo "X five years old. The powers of a horse will augment by suit- able treatment in this respect until about the age of nine years: and, in order to obtaining the most valuable stock, a stallion should not be put to service before at- taining a full de\ elopment of his powers, nor kept at it aftf his form or energies appear to be affected for the 40* 48 THE CONDITION OF A STALLION. worse. He should be, then, between five and fifteen years of age, if of an ordinary constitution ; but if of re- markable energy and endurance, and exhibiting no symp- tom of debility, may be continued until past twenty. Trainers find their endeavours to produce the highest state of strength, in an animal, greatly impeded by any excitement of the sexual appetite. It is then the more necessary to keep the horse in a state of training through- out the year, impressing most forcibly a tone of health and strength upon his system at the time when his nerves are liable to the least distraction ; and continuing the course carefully thoroughout the season of copulation ; never allowing such excess of service, or of the excite- ment of sexual appetite, as to induce a disturbance of spirit or temper, or a relapse from the most thoroughly strong, healthy and regular tone of the ^tem. G, B TABLES. The following Tables may be so often useful to the classes of persons for whom this work is intended, that it has been thought expedient to give them a place. The list of medicines embraces such as ought to be kept con- stantly on hand, not only in every training and livery stable, but by every farmer and breeder who aspires to good management, and to deserve the praise of all men who happen to visit his establish- ment, and who know, as the French say, what is comme il fauL Some other medicines might well be added, but it is thought best not to leave any excuse to the indolent and improvident to say tna; too much is required — but we will begin with WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Apothecaries' or Troy weight is most usually employed in medi rin*. In this, a pound contains twelve ounces : 1 lb. is 5760 Troy grains. 9 oz. or three-quarters of a lb 4320 " " 6 " " a half lb 2S80 « « 3 " " one-fourth of a lb 1440 » «* 1 » " 8 drachms 480 " « 7 drachms 420 " « 6 " 360 « « 5 " 300 « ■ 4 " or a half oz 240 « ■ 3 M 180 " «• 2 " 120 « « 1 ■ 60 « ■ 1 scruple 20 « « AFOTHF.CAIUF.s' WKIGHT. Twenty grains one scruple Three scruples one drachrr Eight drachms one ounce. Twelve ounces one pound. MEASCBE OF FLUIDS. Sixty drops one fluid drachm. Eight fluid drachms one fluid ounce. Four fluid ounces a measure or nagjj-.i. Sixteen fluid oum-es one fluid pint. Eight fluii pints one i^allon. 50 TABLES, LIST OF MEDICINES, dad other articles which ought, to be at. hand about every training and livery stable, and every Farmers and Breeder's estaolishment : M.KOICINES, Aloes, Barbadoes, A'uni, Arrow Root, Bas:^Lcon, yellow, Camphor, Castile Soap, Goulard's Extract, Honey, Hog's Lard, Linseed Meal, Nitre, Oil of Caraway, Oil, Castor, Oil of Cloves, Oil of Olives, Hartshorn, Resin, Spanish Flies, Sweet Spirit of Nitre Spirit of Turpentine, Salt, common, Soft Soap, Tar, Tartar Emetic, Tincture of Myrrh, Venus Turpentine, Vinegar, Vitriol, Blue, Verdigris, Wax, White Lead. Apparatus for Compounding Medicines. A box of small weights and scales, for the weighing of medicines in small portions, as from a grain to two drachms— the weights marked with -English characters. One pair of two-ounce scales ; one pair of pound scales , one pound of brass box-weights. A graduated glass for the measure of fluids, marked with English 'jharacters. One large and one small pestle and mortar. One marble slab, a foot and a half square, for mixing ointments. One large and one small ladle. One large and one small pallet knife — to mix and spread plasters Articles necessary to be kept for administering and applying Medicines. Improved Ball Iron. Drencning horn. Flannel — for the app.ying of fomentations and poultices. Woollen and linen bandages. Tow, and broad coarse tape. Instruments. Stomach-pump, Elastic tube, Fleam and blood stick, Aoseess lancet, Tooth rasp, with a guard, Seton, and curved needles, Improved casting hobbks, Brushes, ourrycr mbs, &c, course of TABLES. 51 CALVING TABLE. Day Bulled. Will Calve. [ Day Bulled. Will Calve Day bulled. July 1 Will Calve. Day Balled. W,ll Calve. Jan'y 1 Oct'r 8 April 1 Jan'y 6 April 7 Oct r 1 July 9 « 7 « 14 u 7 " 12 " 7 " 13 11 7 " 15 « 14 » 21 it 14 « 19 ii 14 « 20 11 14 " 22 » 21 « 28 « 21 » 26 « 21 « 28 j « 21 " 29 " 28 Nov. 4 " 28 Feb'y 2 " 2S May 4; « 8 ! « 28 Aug. 5 " CI « 7 « 30 ti 4 « 31 " 31 " 8 Feb'y 1 « 8 May 1 « 5 Aug. 1 « 9 Nov. 1 u 9 m 7 « 14 it 7 « 11 i, 7 « 15! 11 7 « 15 u 14 " 21 K 14 « IS u 14 ii 22 11 14 " 21 " 21 « 2S u 21 « 25 « 21 « 29 « 21 " 29 « 28 Deer 5 " 28 Mar. 4 " 28 June 5 " 28 Sept. 5 Mar. 1 « 6 " 31 it 7 « 31 « 8| " 30 11 7 u 7 it 12 June 1 " 8 Sept. 1 ii 9: Dec'r 1 « 8 " 14 « 19 it 7 ii 14 ii 7 « 15 u 7 " 21 « 21 « 26 it 14 " 21 ii 14 " 22 ii 14 « 21 « 28 Jan'y 2 " 21 " 28 « 21 « 29 « 21 « 28 " 31 « « 28 April 4 « 28 July 6 « 28 Oct'r 5 " 50 " 6 " 30 « 8 " 31 " 8 LAMBING TABLE. When to Ram. Will Lamb. When to Ram. Will Lamb. WheD to Rim. Will Lamb. When to Ram. Will Lamb. Jan'y 1 May 27 April 1 Aug. 26 July 1 Nov. 25 Oct'r 1 Feb. 25 11 14 June 10 11 14 Sept. 8 " 14 Dec'r 9 11 14 Mar. 10 Feb'y 1 " 28 May 1 " 22 Aug. 1 " 26 Nov. 1 '• 26 u 14 July 12 11 14 Oct'r 8 11 14 Sept. 1 Jan'y 8 « 14 April 9 Mar. 1 " 26 June 1 11 25 " 26 Dec'r 1 " 25 u 14 Aug. S h 14 Nov. 8 « 14 Feb'y 9 11 14 May 9 TO THE PUBLISHERS. Should you bave anywbere a spare corner, please enter a protest in my name, against tbe cruel practice recommended, of firing for the lamp as ; which takes its name from the brutal custom among old farriers, but now abandoned in England, of burning the swe.l- ing down with a red-hot lamp-iron. In most cases, it will soon subside of itself, especially if a few mashes be given, aided by a gentle alterative. If need be, a few moderate cuts may be made across the bars with a pen-lcnife. Founder may be cured, and the traveller pursue his journey the next day, by giving a table-spoonful of alum ! This 1 got from Dr. P. Thornton, of Montpeliei, Rappahannoc county, .Virginia, as funded en his own observation in several cases. . S. S TROTTING. This s a gait held in high estimation in the northern parts of the Onited States, and in Canada; especially when a horse can go his mile within three minutes. Then, as he falls by seconds, his value rises by guineas. In the south, gentlemen don't "cotton" to such action; though a passion for this sort of equestrian display is travel- ling towards the land of the magnolia grandiflora, with some other changes less compatible with their ancient high-born chivalry. On the good old track at Charleston, among gentlemen who have never let the old Huguenot fires go down, you rarely see a snaffle- bridle, or what is called a " goer /" They have an eye and a hear* ibr a good horse; but choose to retain the power of throwing him on his haunches when occasion may demand it. It is, we believe, a rule on all courses in the United States, that the jockey's weight, in a trotting race, whether in harness or saddle, must be not under 145 pounds. In harness, simply signifies a sulky, as light as the owner may choose. They generally weigh from 75 to 125 lbs. The weight of a trotting wagon is from 125 to 200 lbs. Hiram Woodruff's weight was about 160 lbs. An interesting investigation is now going on in England to ascer- tain whether Tom Thumb, the celebrated American trotter, ever performed 20 miles within the hour. Large bets are pending on the result. If he has ever accomplished such a feat, it has not been, within our knowledge, officially recorded. Many of the parties betting on Tom Thumb having performed the above feat, failing to procure satisfactory proof thereof, have paid their bets. Fanny Jenks trotted 101 miles in harness, over the Bull's Head <*ouise. Albany, in 9 hours, 42 minutes, 57 seconds, on the 5th of May, 1845. Fanny Murray trotted 100 miles, in harness, in 9 hours, 41 mi- nutes, 26 seconds, on the 15th of May, 1S46, over the Bull's Head courae, Albany. (52) TROTTING. 53 BEST TROTTING TIME, AT MILE HEATS. Aggy Down. Beppo Confidence. .. . Dutchman Dutchman .... Edwin Foirest Lady Suffolk. . Lady Suffolk.. Norman Leslie Saddle or Harness. saddle harness saddle Time. 2 27, 2 29$, 2 30, 2 30, 2 31, 2 32£, 231^,2 33, 2 38, 2 35, 2 37, 2 36 . 2 35, 2 32, 2 35 . 2 30, 2 35, 2 33, 2 33, 2 40, 23H,233 2 28i, 2 28, 2 28, 2 29, 2 32, 2 20i, 2 27, 2 27 2 38, 2 3«i, 2 38, 2 3D, 2 38, Course. Date. Beacon Course, N. J. Beacon Course, N. J. Beacon Course, N. J. Beacon Course, N. J. Trenton, N.J Centreville, L. I. . .. Beacon Course, N. J Beacon Course, N. J Trenton, N.J Sep. 25, Juae26, June — July — Sep. — May — July 4, July 12, June — 18 15 1843 1841 1831) 1836 1834 1843 1843 1836 TWO MILE HEATS. Amerirus. .. Americus. .. Black Maria Confidence. • D. D. Tompkins Dutchman .... Dutchman ■ • . . Edwin Forrest Edwin Forrest Hector James K. Polk Lady Suffolk Lady Suffolk Lady Suffolk Ripton Ripton Ripton harness saddle harness saddle harness saddle harness saddle harness 5 13,5 11 5 17±, 5 17, 5 22 5 19$, 5 12± .... 5 164,5 ll?i,5 16, 5 18. 5 25, 5 16$, 5 11 5 10, 5 09 5 11, 5 10 5 05, 5 00 5 17,5 13,5 17 ... 5 24, 5 19, 5 17| • • 5 If), 5 l(ji 4 59, 5 03i 5 10, 5 15 5 17,5 19,5 18 ... 5 10i, 5 12i 5 07, 5 15 5 07, 5 15, 5 17 . . . Union Course, L. I. Hunting Park, Pa. . Cambridge Park . . . Centreville, L. I. . . . Centreville, L. Beacon Course, Beacon Course, Hunting Park, Hunting Park, Hunting Park, Union Course, Centreville, L. Centreville, L. Beacon Course, Reacon Course, Hunting Park, Hunting Park, 1. ... N.J. N.J. Pa. . Pa. . Pa. . L.I. I.... I.... N.J. N.J. Pa. . Pa. . Oct. 8, 1846 Oct. 17, 1840 June 18, 1845 May — 1841 Oct. — 1837 April— 1839 Oct. — 1839 May — 1840 Oct. — 1838 June 2, 1846 Nov. 18, 1846 Sep. — 1H10 May — 1842 May 21, 1844 May — 1842 May — 1842 May - 1842 THREE MILE HEATS. Columhus. .. Dutchman . . Dutchman . . Dutchman . . Dutchman . . Lady -Suffolk Kipton saddle harness saddle harness 7 58, 8 07 7 32i 741 7 54f 7 50, 8 02, 8 24£, 751.751 7 401,7 56 8 00, 7 5GJ Hunting Park, Pa. . Beacon Course, N. J, Beacon Course, N.J Beacon Course, N. J Hunting Park, Pa. • Hunting Park, Pa. . Beacon Course, N. J June - 1834 Aug. - 1839 July — 1839 Oct. — 1838 May — 1840 May - J841 Au? -^ 18-12 FOUR MILE HEATS. Dutchman l.anv Suffolk... Lady Suffolk. .. Sir Peter fillen Thompson Centreville, L. I. . • • Centreville, L. I. . . . Cnmbri lire Park . . . Hunting Park, Pa. . .Beacon Course, N. J Mav — 1836 ,j, ine _ if40 Nov. — 1839 Or. — 1829 >hv — i812 RACING. BEST TIME ON RECORD AT MILE HEATS. Nam 5 | Aduella Aduella Bendigo Bendigo Beta . . . J 48, 1 50, 1 49 ] 50, 1 47, 1 S2| . .. . 1 50, 1 48, 1 49 J 48, 1 50, 1 48, 1 49 1 45, 1 45, 1 57, 2 01 Big Alirk |l 57, 1 47£, 1 50, 151 Capt. McIIeath. ■ 1 49, 1 48, 1 50 1 48, 1 49i Cassam Colt by Levi a tlian, 1). F Rentier's, Creath Croton Crotf)n Dan. Mc In tyre. Fred. Kaye .... Fred. Kaye .... Gildersleeve . . . Harden 'd Sinner llouri, {Imp.) . . Jane Adams . .. Jim Bell John Hampden. Kitty Harris . .. Leda Little Trick ... Lucy c. (Bu ford's) Mary Brennan Minstrel Miss Footo . . . Music Music Nathan Rice. . Prospect Sailor Boy Serenade St. Pierre Sunbeam Susan Hill .... The Duke ... Uncas , Victor 1 48, 1 47J, 1 50 Course. Date. 1 48, 1 48, 1 46 1 51, 1541, 149 1 49 1 50, 1 48, 1 51 1 50, 1 48L 1 50, 1 53i, 1 52i, I 1 52, 1 47i, 1 52, 1 48, ) \ 1 57i, ] 5f,i, \ ' ■ 1 51, 1 49, 153, 156 1 50, 1 48, 1 49i 1 47, 153 1 47i, 1 52 151, 1 46 148, 149, 153 1 48, 1 51,2 02 1 48, 1 48 1 48 149, ] 48, 151 1 48, 1 49 1 48, 1 48 1 47, 1 49, 1 48, 1 50, 1 50 . . . 1 50, 1 48 1 48i, 1 4(5i, 148 1 45, 1 52 1 50, 1 48, 1 53 1 51, 1 49, 1 48 1 48, 1 55, 2 00 1 47, 1 56. 1 55 1 47, 1 48, 1 46|, 1 47, 1 47 . 1 55, 1 50, 1 48 1 48, 1 55i, 1 531 1 451, 1 48, 1 471 1 50, 1 55, 1 48 New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . Lexington, Ky New Orleans, La. . . Nashville, Tenn.... Louisville, Ky Columbus, Ga Washington, D. C. New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . Georgetown, Ky. . Louisville, Ky. . .. New Orleans, La. . Versailles, Ky Jackson, Miss New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . Lexington, Kv. . . . Orange C. H., Va. . Baltimore, Md. ... Lexington, Ky. ... E. Feliciana, La. . Bardstown, Ky Cincinnati, Ohio. . Louisville, Ky. . .. New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . Louisville, Ky. . . . Trenton, N. J Cynthiana, Ky. ... Cvnthiana, Ky. . .. Orange C. H., Va. . New Orleans, La. . Havana Trenton, N. J E. Feliciana, La. . Kanawha, Va Dec. 25, 1842 Mar. 19, 1843 Sep. 24, 18-10 Mar. 21, 1811 May 22. 1841 June 4, 1842 May 4, 1839 June 1, 1841 April 1, 1846 Mar. 27, 1842 Dec. 20, 1846 Mar. 15,1846 Apr. 28, 1842 Oct. 9, 1846 Dec. 6, 1846 Sep. 18, Feb. 17, Mar. 18, Oct. 29, May 21, Sep. 18, Mav 17, May 19, Apr. 24, Oct. 12, Oct. 19, June 4, Dec. 12, Mar. 17, Dec. 29, Oct. 7, May 25, Oct. 25, Oct. 25, Sep. 15, Mar. 24, A pr, 30, May 31, Apr. 27 June 7, 1846 1844 1840 1845 1841 1839 1842 1841 1844 1839 1839 1839 1841 1842 1844 1844 1841 1.-39 1839 1841 1844 1843 1839 1844 1839 BEST TIME ON RECORD AT TWO MILE HEATS. Alarick Ann Hayes . .. Ann Stuart Arralinc Attakapas Balie Peyton . • Bee's- Wing Betsey Archy, filly, P'o'k-Nose Brown Ktty Buck-Eve. Butterfly filly . , 3 54, 3 39 3 43i, 3 421 3 50,3 44,3 45 3 44^ 3 49, 3 49, 3 50. 3 46, 3 52 3 54, 3 45 3 44, 3 47 3 53, 3 44 3 491,3 45 2 49i, 3 44, 3 45 3 56, 3 40. 3 47 . 3 481, 3 50, 3 40 Course. Lexington, Ky. New Orleans, La. . . Memphis, Tenn. . . . Louisville, Ky Columbus. Ga Broad Rock, Va. . . New Orleans, La. . • Washington, D. C. Georgetown, Ky. . New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . Lexington, Ky. . .. Date. "I Sep. 26, Nov. 21, Nov. 14, June 7, Mav 2, Apr. 26, Mar. 26, May 31, Sep. 18, Dec. 1, Mar. 18. Sep. 27, 1845 1844 1843 1843 1839 1939 1839 1841 1841 1846 1841 1845| ■5-,) Continued on page 55 RACING. 5& BEST TIME ON RECORD AT TWO MiLE HEATS. Name. Churcliill Consol lunior Cre.ath Creath Creath Croton Croton Croton Cub Earl of Margrave.. Gazan George W. Kendall Governor Butler . . Grey Medoc Grey Medoc Hero HornWower La Bacchante Laneville Maid of Northampt'n Midas Miss Clash Motto Motto Music Music Music Xancy Clark Nannv Rogers Of' %m Passenger, (Imp.) . . . 1'urity Ralph Richard of York Richard of York .... Robert Bruce Rocker Rtiffin Rurlin Bally Shannon Sally Ward Sarah Bladen Sarah Washington. . Senator Snag 348,343 Borrow, (Imp.) 3 5.>, 3 Stanley Eclipse Stliresbley Susan Mill Taglioni Tarantula The Colonel . . , Treasurer Trenton Vertner Viola Warfielil'sToo Soon colt, Wellington West Florida . Will-Go Wilton Brown Young Whig . 3 49, 3 40, 3 47 3 46, 3 53, 3 47 3 41. 3 41 3 46, 3 42 3 40, 3 45 3 50, 3 44^, 3 50 ... . 3 44J, 3 43i, 3 43± .. 3 474, 3 40 .. 3 45i, 3,44 3 46, 3 40*. 3 45, 3 45 3 50, 3 47, 3 45, 4 07 3 57,3 46 3 46, 3 49, 3 55 3 45, 3 55 3 45, 3 55 3 46, 3 51 3 41,4 03 3 50, 3 45, 3 5H . . . 3 45 3 46, 3 46 3 46, 3 43 3 48*, 3 43 3 40, 3 48£ 3 49,3 46, 3 51 3 51, 3 46, 3 55 3 49, 3 45 3 46, 3 46 3 48, 3 46, 3 51 3 49, 3 46 , 4 10, 3 53, 3 44 3 50. 3 44 351,345 3 49, 3 46 3 46,3 44 3 43,3 43,3 47 ... 3 48, 3 46 3 49, 3 45£, 4 42£ . . 3 49, 3 40 3 50, 3 43 3 50,3 41* 3 46 3 45 3 40, 3 46 3 44. 3 45* 3 43, 3 4. r » 3 45, 3. r .l 3 49, 3 46 3 48, 3 46 3 45, 3 50 3 47, 3 45* 3 46, 3 45 3 46, 3 48 3 47, 3 45 3 49, 3 45 3 50, 3 52, 3 43, 3 50 3 51i. 3 46,3 53 3 46 3 52. 3 45 1 53. 3 44 Course. Lexington, Ky. • • • Louisville, Ky. • •• New Orleans, La. . Louisville, Ky. . . . Havana New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . Louisville, Ky. • •• New Orleans, La. . Lexington, Ky. . .. New Orleans, La. . Camden, S. C New Orleans, La. . New Orleans, La. . Pineville, S.C Union Course, L. New Orleans, La. . Fairfield, Va Washington, D. C. Baltimore, Md. . Louisville, Ky. . • Lexington, Ky. •• Bardstown, Ky. . . New Orleans, La. New Orleans, La. New Orleans, La. Augusta, Ga Lexington, Ky. . . Richmond, Va. . . Trenton, N. J. ... Jackson, Miss Louisville, Ky. . . New Orleans, La. New Orleans, La. Cincinnati, Ohio. Trenton, N.J Lexington, Ky. •• Natchez, Miss Frankfort, Ky.... New Orleans, La. New Orleans, La. Orange C. H. Va. Baltimore, Md. . . Terre Haute, Ind. Springfield, III Trenton, N. J. .. . New Orleans, La. HavTiia Pineville, S.C. ... Nashville. Tenn. . Baltimore, Md. . . Trenton, N. J. • • ■ Union Course, L. Lexington, Ky. .. E. Feliciana, La. Lexington, Ky. .. Camdf n, S. J. Sep. 20, June 6, Mar. 24. June I, Apr. 26. Apr. 13, Apr. 2, Apr. 10, Oct. 1, Mar. 23, May 23, Dec. 10. Nov. 21, Dec. 27, Mar. 18, Feb. — May 8, Apr. 3, May 20, Oct. 2, ay 9, June 15, Sep. 20, Sep. — Dec. 22, Jan. 4, Dec. 25, Dec. 9, May 22, Apr. 10, Oct. 25, Jan. 28, June 5, Mar. 13, Mar. 24, Oct. 14, May 29, Sep. 21, Nov. 19, Sep. 7, Dec. 3, Mar. 17, Sep. 16, May 8, Sep. — Georgetown, Ky.. Broad Rock, Va. . Alf vruidria D. C. Oaklev. Miss Apr. 24, Oct. 30, Mar. 19, Apr. 28, Jan. 30, Oct. 4, Mav 4, May 28, Oct. 8, Sep. 21, Apr. 25, May 23, 1842 .812 1843 1845 J 840 1840 1839 1842 1840 1841 1840 1840 1839 1843 1839 1^45 1841 1845 1844 1844 1*44 1842 1842 1844 1844 1840 1840 1845 1839 1846 1839 1839 1839 1839 1839 1843 1845 1842 1840 1842 1841 1844 1844 1839 1845 1840 1843 1844 1844 1844 1840 1839 1839 1844 184o! Oct. 20, 1811 Apr. 12, 1839 Oct. 2, " June 5 Dec. 7, i«3'J 1842 1844 41 56 RACING BEST TIME ON RECORD AT THREE MILE HEATS. Name. kjlsey Scroggins I uidrewetta Argentile Astnr Black-Nose Black-Nose Blue Dick Blue Dick Blue Dick Bob Letcher Boston Clarion Creath Creath ". Creath Eliza Calvert Fashion George Martin George Martin Glorvina Hard Cider lsola James F. Robinson Jeannetton Joe Chalmers Kate Aubray Liz Hew Ht Louisa Jordan Maria Mariner Master Henry Midas Miss Foote Polly Green Uueen Mary Red Bill Register Ripple Rover Ruffin Sally Shannon Santa Anna Sarah Washington. Sarah Washington. Tazewell Ten Broeck The Colonel Treasurer Treasuier ■ Wilton Brown. 5 57, 5 46, 5 54£ 5 48,542* 5 42,551 5 45, 5 44 5 48, 5 4b" 5 45,546 5 44,5381 5 42, 5 39i 5 50, 5 4G 5 52, 5 46, 6 12, 5 51 . . 5 46 5 45k 5 57 5 57,5 43 5 45, 5 44£ 5 44, 5 53 001, 5 59, 5 46 5 43 540,546 5 45i, 5 49, 5 52 5 45,5 51 5 41,6 14. 5 55, 5 50 .. 6 04i, 5 45, 6 02*, 6 44 5 46, 5 55 5 45,538* 5 48,5 45 5 40, 5 41 5441 539,540 557,544 5 46. 5 56 5 47L 5 40, 5 56, 6 01 . 545,558 5 59, 5 46 5 46, 5 48 5 37, 5 40, 5 40 5 40, 5 48, 5 49 5 45, 5 49 5 51,5 47,5 44,5 52.. 5 47, 5 48, 5 46, 5 52 . • 5 401, 5 3G 5 41*, 5 50,5 57,6 01 . 5 43L5 48 551,545 5 10, 5 45 5 46 601,541,549 5 42, 5 54, 5 56 542 5 55L 5 46 5 45, 6 05 Course. Rardstown.Ky Trenton, N.J Louisville, Ky Washington, D. C. . Frankfort, Ky Lexington, Ky Trenton, N.J Alexandria, DC... Baltimore, Md Lexington, Ky Broad Rock, Va. . . . Union Course, L. I. Louisville, Ky New Orleans, La. . . Havana Camden, N. J Baltimore, Md New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . Natchez, Miss Fredericksburg, Va Lexington, Ky Lexington, Ky New Orleans, La. . . Memphis, Tenn. . .. New Orleans, La. . . Peoria, HI New Orleans, La. . . E. Feliciana, La Camden, N. J Baltimore, Md Washington, D. C. . Mobile, Ala Columbus, Ga. Cincinnati, Ohio. .. Lexington, Ky Baltimore, Md Louisville, Ky. Lexington, Ky. New Orleans, La. . Lexington, Ky. Pineville, S. C Broad Rock, Va. . .. Baltimore, Md. Rome, Ga Louisville, Ky Camden, N. J Union Course, L. 1 Union Course, L. I Alexandria, D. C. . . DalE Sep. - May 29, June (i, June 3, Sep. 24, Sep. 28, May 19, June 3, May 6, May 20, Apr. 27, Oct. 9, Oct. 15, Mar. 28, Apr. 29, Oct. 29, Oct. 16, Mar. 25, Mar. 17, Apr. 25, May 28, Sep. 19, May 20, Dec. 27, Nov. 15, Dec. 23, Oct. 28, Dec. 4, Apr. 26, May 21, May 16, May 16, Mar. 10, May 2, O. 17, May 22, Oct. 20, Oct. 8, Sep. 24, Mar. 22, Sep. 21, Feb. 8, A pr. 21, May 19, Sep. 16, June 2, Nov. 27, June 5, Oct. 5, June "i, KM l) 18-14 1*41 1*40 1840 1*42 1842 1844 1843 18*) 1839 1841 1843 1843 1841 1846 1842 1843! 1839 1840 1843 1841 1844 1843 1842 1843 1846 1844 1841 1839 1844 1842 1839 1839 1840 1842 1840 1844 1844 1842 1843. 1842! 1842! 1840 1842 1845 1840' 184-2 1842 RACTNG. 5? BEST TIME ON RECORD AT FOUR MILE HEATS. Name. Andrewetta Ann Hayes Bandit Boston En taw Eclipse Fashion Fashion fashion Fashion Fashion Fashion Fas'iion George Martin. .. . Grey head Grey Medoc Iairo Jerry Lancaster. . . Jerry Lancaster. . . Jerry Lancaster. .. Jerrv Lancaster. . . Jim Bell Miss Foote Miss Foote Mis? Foote Omega Peytona Pevtona Reel Reel Rover Sarah Bladen Vashti Time. 7 4(5 7 36J, 7 42 802,744 8 13, 7 46, 7 58J 8 01,7 43 7 37£, 7 49, 8 24 ... . 7 42,748 7 32i, 7 45 7 38, 7 521 7 36, 7 49 7 35£ 7 43* 7 3(i, 7 51 , 7 33,743 7 45£, 7 50 7 35, 8 19, 7 42, 8 17 ■ 7 45,758 7 43, 7 40 7 38,8 14 , 7 55, 7 45 , 7 51,7 43,8 08 7 37,740 8 02, 7 35 7 42, 7 40 , 7 3(j[, 7 39, 7 5li ..., 7 57,7 45 7 45,748 7 39$, 7 45£ 7 40, 743 7 431,7 41 , 7 39, 7 39*, 7 51, 8 29 7 45,740 , 53, 7 46, 8 19 Raleigh, N. C New Orleans, La. . Baltimore, Md. Union Course, L. I Washington, D. C. Ui ion Course, L. I Can. Jen, N. J Union Course, L. I Camden, N. J , Trenton, N. J Baltimore, Md Union Course, L. I Baltimore, Md. New Orleans, La. . Lexington, Ky New Orleans, La. . , St. Louis, Mo New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . St. Louis, Mo New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . , New Orleans, La. . . Lexington, Ky New Orleans, La. . , Augusta, Ga New Orleans, La. . . Union Course, L. I New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . , Baltimore, Md Date. Nov. 7, Mar. 23, May 15, May J 3, May 6, Mav 27, Oct. 28, May 10, Oct. 29, Nov. 4, Oct. 20, Oct. 23, May 14, Mar. 29, Sep. 23, Mar. 20 June 24, Apr, 5, Apr. 12, Oct. 21, Dec. 5, Mar. 19, Mar. 26, Sep. 25, Dec. 24, Dec. 11, Jan. % May 13, Dec. 11, Mar. 18, Dec. 28, Mar. 17, Ma i 15, 1839 1844 1840 1842 1842 1843 1841 1842 1842 1842 1843 1845 1846 1843 1843. 1841 *844l 1845 1845 1846 1840 1842 1842 1842 1842 1840 1844 1845 1841 1843 1844 IS41 1839 58 RACING. THE ST. LEGER. The Doncaster St. Leger (in England prone mo.e »Sellenger,) is the most important stake in Great Britain, amou .ing to fron. eighteen to twenty-four thousand dollars, and is run for, annually, by three year old colts and fillies: the former carry i9 pounds, the latter 114. With these tables in view, a comparison of the meed of English and American horses can easily be made, having due regard to weight, age, and the distance run. The St. I eger is a race of" one utraight heat, and the horse has only to do his * est for that single run. J. S. S. The following table will show the rea/ i th-? distp.noe per sec^ad ■ vcraged by horses running at any disti oe : Time of running Distance per seond one mile. Yds. Ft. In. 140 M 17 1 9| 141 _ 17 1 3\ 142 17 9* 143 17 3| 144 16 2 9J 145 16 2 3? 146 16 1 9J 147 16 1 44 1 48 16 lOf 149 16 5| 150 16 151 15 2 6 T 9 T 152 15 2 If 153 15 1 8 r » 3 154 15 1 3| 155 15 Oil 156 15 6 r 4 j 157 15 lf£ 158 14 2 8f| 159 14 2 4,^ 200 14 2 RACING. 59 AVERASE SPEED FOR THE DONCASTER ST. LEGER. Distance I mile 6 furlongi 132 yard*. fear. Name of Horse. Time - Yds ,n • m. a. minute. 1818 livelier 3 15 988 1846 Si, Tatton Sykes 3 16 983 \838 D™ John 3 17 978 _819 Ar.onio 3 18 973 1842 Blu* Bonnet 3 19 ^ 968 1835 Qut^n of Trumps 3 20 963 1836 .'. Elis 3 20 963 1840 Lau„celot 3 20 963 1843 Nutwith 3 20 963 1847 Van fromp 3 20 963 1834 Touchstone 3 22 954 .841 Satirist 3 22 954 1837 Mango 3 23 949 1844 Faugh-a-ballagh 3 23 949 1823 Barefoot 3 23 { 948 1825 Memnon 3 231 947 1827 ,. Matilda 3 24 945 1826 Tarrare 3 25 940 1839 Charles XII 3 25 940* 1845 The Baron 3 25 940 1820 St. Patrick 3 26 935 1822 Theodore 3 26 935 1824 Jerry 3 29 922 1810 Octavian 3 30 918 1812 Otterington 3 31 913 1833 Rockingham 3 38 ...... 884 Mean speed 3 24 945 41 rEDIGREES OF WINNING HORSES, SINCE 1839. Being an Appendix to Mason* s Farrier A. AARON, b. h. by Tennessee Citizen, dam by Timoleon. ABBEVILLE, b. h. by Nutlifier, dam by Gallatin. ABNER HUNTER, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Blackburn's Whip. ACALIA, b. m. by Luckless. ACHILLES, gr. h. by Boxer. ADELA, b. m. by The Colonel, dam [Imp .] Variella by Blacklock. ADELAIDE, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Napoleon. ADELIA, b. m. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Sir Archy. ADRIAN, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam Phenomena, by Six Archy. ADUELLA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam Giantess by [Imp.] Le- viathan. ^SOP, ch. h. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Trumpetta by Mons. Touson. iKTNA, b. m. by Volcano, dam Rebecca by Palafox.. AH IRA, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. AILSEY SCROGGINS, ch. m. by Giles Scroggins, dam by Pirate. AJARRAH HARRISON, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Gallatin. AJAX, gr. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. A.J. LAWSON, b. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Kitty Fisher bf Gallatim ALAMODE, ch. h. by [Imp. ] Margrave, dam by Timoleon. ALARIC, b. h. by Mirabeau, dam by [Imp.] Tranby. A LA TOON A, b. m. by Argyle, dam Viola by Gallatin. ALBION, [Imp] bl. h. by Cain or Action, dam by Comus or Black lock Al-BORAC, b. h. by Telegraph, dam by Monday. ALDERMAN, ch. g. by [Imp,] Langford, dam by Sir Cbarks. ALLEGRA, b. m. by StockhoUler, dam by Pacolet. ALLEN BROWN, ch. h. by Stockholder, dam by [Imp ] Eagle (60) WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 61 ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, b. h. by Collier, dam by Kojciusko. ALEXANDER CHURCHILL, b. h. by [Imp.] Zinganee, dam by Bertrand. ALICE, b. m. by Conqueror, dam by Wild Medley. i b. m. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam Rowena by Sumpter. ALICE ANN, gr. m. by Director, dam by Gallatin. ALMIRA, gr. m. by Eclipse dam by Stockholder. ALTORF, b. h. by [Imp.] Fyldt, dam by Virginian. ALWILDA, gr. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by John Richards. AMBASSADOR, ch. h. by Plenipotentiary, dam [Imp.] Jenny Mill* by Whisker. AMELIA, br. m. by Bluster, darn by Messenger. AMERICA, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by Democrat. b. m. by [Imp.] Trustee, dam Di Vernon by Florizel. AMERICAN CITIZEN, b. h. by Marion, dam by Harwood. EAGLE, gr. h. by Grey Eagle, dam by Waxy. ■ STAR, ch. h. by Cramp, dam by Pulaski. AMY THE ORPHAN, ch. m. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam by Comet. ANDREWANNA, b. m. by Andrew, dam by Gallatin. ANDREWETTA, gr. m. by Andrew, dam by Oscar. ANDREW HAMET, b. h. by Sidi Hamet, dam by Trumpator. ANN BARROW, b. m. by Cock of the Rock, dam by Virginian. ANN BELL, ch. m. by Frank, dam Jonquil by Little 2ohn. ANN BLAKE, b. m. by Lance, dam by Blackburn's Whip. ANN CALENDAR, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam Grand Duchess by [Imp.] Gracchus. ANN GILLESPIE, br. m. by McCarty's Henry Clay, dam Susan by Sir William. ANN HARROD, ch. m. by Hickory John, dam by King William. ANN HAYES, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Pacific. AlfN INNIS, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam (the dam of Mary Morris) by Sumpter. ANN KING, b. m. by [Imp.] Sorrow, dam Lady of the Lake by Henry Tonson. ANN STEVENS, ch. m.Jby [Imp.] Trustee, dam (an imported mare) by Muley. ANN STEWART, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam Kitty Hunter by Paragon ANNE ROY ALE, br. m. by Stockholder, dam Alice Lee by Sii Henry Tonson. ANTOINETTE, ch. m. by [Imp] Leviathan, dam Multiflora bv Director. ANTIPATOR, ch. h. by Tychicus, dam Club Foot by Napoleon. ANVIL, b. h. by [Imp.] Contract, dam by Eclipse. ARAB, b. h. by Arab, dam by Sir Archy. ARABELLA, b. m. by Collier, dam by Gallatin. ARABIAN MARK, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Sir Charles. ARGENTILE, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Allegrante by [Imp.] Truffi> ARGYLE, br. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam Thistle by Ogle's Oscar. ARILLA, gr. m. by Kelly, dam by Medley. ARKA.LUKA. ch. h. by [Imp] Leviathan, dam Sally McGehee S2 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. AROOSTOOK, b. h. by Wheeling Rodolph, dam by Moses. A RR. A LINE, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder ARRAH NEAL, ch. m. by [hup.] Leviathan, dam Martha Wash ington by Sir Charles. ARSENIC, ch m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Mary Farmer by Con queror. ASHLAND, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lady Jackson by Sumpter. ASTOR, b. h. by Ivanhoe, dam Tripit by Mars. ATTAKAPAS, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Arab. ATTILA LECOMTE, b. m by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam Extant by [Imp.] Leviathan. ATLANTIC, b. m. by Blood and Turf, dam Old Fly. AUNT PONTYPOOL, ch. m. by Bertrand Junior, dam Gold Finder by Virginius. AUSTER, br. h. by Westwind, dam by [Imp.] Leviathan. AUTHENTIC, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Timoura by Timo- leon. B. BALD HORNET, ch. g. by Bald Hornet, dam by Bertrand. BALIE PEYTON, b. h. by Andrew, dam (Master Henry's dam) by Eclipse. BALTIMORE, b. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Gohanna. BAND BOX, gr. m. by O'Kelly, dam Lucy Brooks by Bertrand. BANDIT, b. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Virginian. BANJO BILL, b. h. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, darn bv Darnaby's Diomed. BAND OF MUSIC, ch. m. by O Kelly, dam by Oscar. BARBARA ALLEN, ch. m. by Collier, dam Lady Jackson by Sumpter. BASSINGER, bl. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Randolph's RoanokB. BAYWOOD, b. h. by Editor, dam by Pacolet. BEACON LIGHT, ch. m. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam Giantess by [Imp.] Leviathan. BEATRICE OF FERRARA, m. by Stockholder, dam by Duroo. LEAU-CATCHER, ch. m. by Leopold, dam Cranberry. BEE'S-WING, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Black Sophia by Topgallant. BELFIELD, b. h. by [Imp.] Priam, dam [Imp.] Bustle by Whale- bone. BELLISSIMA, b. m. by [Imp.] Belshazzar, dam Wingfoot by Rat tier. BELLE OF WINCHESTER, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by Sir Archy. , ch. m. by [Imp.] Shakspeare, dam Cado by Sir Archy. BELLE TAYLOR, b. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. BEN 3ARKLEY, b. h. by Push Pin, dam Miss Wakefield by Sir Hal. BEN BUSTER, b. h. by Cherokee, dam by Whip. BEN FRANKLIN, ch. h. by Flagellator, dam Medova by Eel pse. — ch. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Franxlitj Beauty WINNING HORSES SI^CE 1839. 63 BEN FRANKLIN, eh. h. by [Imp ] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder BENDIGO gr. h. by Timoleon, dam by Sir Charles. ■ b. h. by Medoc, dam by bir Archy. BENGAL, ch. h. by Gohanna, dam Sportsinistress (or Gulnare) by Duroc. BERENICE, ch. m. by Skylark, dam Kathleen by [Imp.\ LeviaJian. BETA, ch. in. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Kosciusko. BETHESDA, b. m. by Pacific, dam by Sir Henry Tonson. BETH UN E, br. h. by Sidi Hamet, dam Susette by Aratus. BETSEY COLEMAN, ch. m. by Goliah, dam Melinda. BETSEY COODEY, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Charles. BETSEY HUNTER, ch. m. by Sir Clinton, am by Hamiltonian. BETSEY LAUDERDALE, ch. m. by [Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Richard. BETSEY MILLER, gr. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Jane Shore by Oscar. BETSEY RED, ch. m. by Red Rover, dam Betsey West by [Imp.] Buzzard. BETSEY SHELTON, b. m. by Jackson, dam Harriet Haxall by Sii Hal. BETSEY WATSON, br. m. by Jefferson, dam bv Sir Henry Tonson. BETSEY WHITE, ch. m. by Goliah, dam by Sir Charles. BIG ALECK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. BIG ELLEN, b. m. by Medoc, dam by Old Whip. BIG JOHN, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam by Hamiltonian. BIG NANCY, ch. m. by Jackson, dam by Gallatin. BILLY AYNESWORTH, ch. h. by Traveller, dam Helen by Tino- leon. BILLY BLACK, b. h. by Volcano. BILLY BOWIE, b. h. by Drone, dam Agility by Sir James. BILLY GAY, b. h. by [Imp.] Hedgibrd, dam Mary Francis by Di rector. BILLY TONSON, gr. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Cherokee. BILLY TOWNES. b. h. by [Imp.] Fytde, dam by Virginian. BILLY WALKER, ch.h. by [Imp.] Valparaiso, dam by Sir Richa-4. BILLET, ch. h. by Mingo, dam by Mambrino. BILOXE, ch. h. by Dick Chinn, dam Extio by [Imp.] Leviathan. BLACK BOY, bl. h. by [Imp.] Chateau Margaux, dam by [Imj ] Chance. hi. h. by [Imp.] Chateau Margaux, dam Lady Mayo by Van Tromp. BLACK DICK, bl. h. by [Imp.] Margrave, dam by Pamunky. BLACK FOOT, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Blackburn's Whip. BLACK HAWK, bl. h. by Industry. bl. h. by Mucklejohn. BLACK JACK, bl. h. by Tom Fletcher, dam by Baronet. BLACK LOCUST, bl. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Sir Aichy. BLACK NOSE, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lucy by Orpnan. ELACK PRINCE, bl.h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam Fantail by Sir Ai-'hy 61 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. BLACK RABBIT, bl.h. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam (Fair Ellen's dam) by Virginius. BLACK ROSE, bl. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Arab. BLAZING STAR, b. h. by Henry, dam by Eclipse. BLOODY NATHAN, gr. b. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Paeolet. BLOOMFIELD RIDLEY, b. h. by Bell-Air, dam Cedar Snags. BLOOMSBURY, ch. m. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Giles Scroggins. BLUE BONNET, gr. m. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand. BLUE DICK, gr. h. by [Imp.] Margrave, dam by Lance. BLUE JIM, ch. h. by Mucklejohn. BLUE SKIN, h. by Ms mion, dam by Tecumseh. BOB BUSH, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Bertrand. BOB LETCHER, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Rattler. BOB LOGIC, br. h. by [Imp.] Langford, dam by Mambrino. BOB RUCKER, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Sir Charles. BOIS D'ARC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Hortensia by Contention. BONNY BLACK, bl. m. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam Helen Mar by Rattler. BORAC, ch. h. by Pacific, dam by Bagdad. BOSTON, ch. h. by Timoleon, dam (Robin Brown's dam) by Ball's Florizel. BOSTON FILLY, m. by Boston, dam by [Imp.] Priam. BOWDARK, b. h. by Anvil, dam by Bagdad. BOXER, b. h. by Mingo, dam by Eclipse. BOYD M'NAIRY, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Morgiana by Paeolet. BRACELET, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam [Imp.] Trinket. BREAN, ch. h. by Goliah. BRILLIANT, b. h. by Sidi Hamet, dam Miss Lancess by Lance. BRITANNIA, [Imp.] b. m. by Acta?on, dam by Scandal. BROCKLESBY, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Roanoke. BROKER, b. h. by [Imp.] Row ton, dam Jane Bertrand by Bertrand. BROTHER TO HORNBLOWER, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. BROTHER TO PEYTONA, ch. h. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam Giantess by [Imp.] Leviathan. BROTHER TO VICTOR, b. h. by [Imp.] Cetus, dam [Imp.] My Lady by Comus. BROWN ELK, b. h. by Buck Elk, dam by Whip. BKOWN GAL, br. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Virginian. BROWN KITTY, br. m. by Birmingham, dam by Tiger. BROWN LOCK, br. h. by Pacific, dam by Sir Hal. BROWN STOUT, bi ... by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam Feathers by Mons. Tonson. BROWNLOW, br. h. by [Imp.] Merman, clam (Glenares lam) by [Imp.] Leviathan. BRUCE, ch. h. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam La nbal'e by Kosciusko EUBB, b m. by Bertrand, dam by Whig. WINNING HOUSES SINCK 1839. 65 MUCK -EYE, h. h. by Critic, dam Ami Page by Ogle's Oscar. b. h. by Lafayette Stockholder, dam Old Squaw by In dian. BELLE, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. LAD, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam by a Son of Spread Ea gle. BUCK RABBIT, b. h. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam (Fair Ellen's dam) by Virginius. BULGER BROWN, b. h. by Lance, dam by Jenkins' Sir William. BUNKUM, ch. g. by Hya/.im, dam by Gallatin. BURLEIGH, b. h. by Sir Arcbie Montorio, dam Mary Lee by Con tontion. BUSTAMfclVTE, ch. h. by Whalebone, dam Sarah Dancy by Timo leon. BUZ FUZ, gr. h. by Medley, dam by [Imp.] Luzborough C. CADMUS, h h. by Cadmus. CALANTHE, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Jackson. CALANTHE, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. CAMANCHE, ch. h. by Grey Eagle, dam by Rattler. CAMDEN, br. h. by Shark, dam [Imp.] Invalid by Whisker. CAMEO, b. m. by [Imp.] Tranby, dam by Buzzard. CAMEL, ch. h. by Birmingham, dam by Whip or Sumpter. CAMILLA, br. m. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam (Picayune's dam) by Sii William of Transport. CAPTAIN BURTON, br. h. bv Cherokee, dam by Green Oak. CAPTAIN M'HEATH, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Miss Bailej by [Imp.] Boaster. CAPTAIN THOMAS HOSKINS, b. h. by [Imp.] Autocrat, dam bj Tom Tough. CAPTAIN (The) b. h. by Sir Archy Montorio, dam Ophelia by Wild Medley. CAPTAIN WHITE-EYE, bl. h. by Chifney, dam by Sumpter. CAROLINE MALONE, (Col. Thomas Watson's), ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Proserpine by Oscar. (Col. J. C. Guild's), b. m. by [Imp.] Levia* than, dam by Sir Richard. — > (Col. Thomas Watson's), b. m. by [Imp.] L«* viathan, dam by Jerry. CASHIER, ch. h. by Goliah, dam by Sir Charles. CASKET, b. m. by [hup.] Priam, dam by Constitution. CASETTA CHIEF, ch. h. by Andrew, dam by Wildair. CASSANDRA, b. m. by [Imp ] Priam, dam FJirtilla Jr. by Sir Archy. CASTIANIRA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. CATALPA, b. no. by Frank, dam by John Richards. CATARACT, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by John Richards. CATHERINE, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Black-eyed Susan by Tiger. CATHERINE FEN WICK, gr. m. by Mucklejohn, dam by 3ax* Weimar 6G WINNING HORSES SINCE 1830. CATHERINE RECTOR, ch. m. by Pacific, dam Mary Tonson. CAVALIER SERVANTE, gr. h. by Bertram!, dam by Andrew. CEDRIC, b. h. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Countess Plater by Virginian. CELERITY, eh. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Patty Puff by Pacolet. CHAMPAGNE, b. h. by Eclipse, dam by Sir Archy. CHARLES, b. h. by [Imp.] Row ton, dam Leocadia. CHARLES ARCHY, ch. b. by Sir Charles, dam by Eclipse. CHARLES MALCOLM, ch. h. by Malcolm, dam by Albert Gallatin, CHARLEY ANDERSON, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Mercury. CHARLEY FOX, b. h. bv Waxv, dam by Buckner's Leviathan. CHARLEY NAYLOR. b. h. by Medoc, t^m by Tiger. CHARLOTTE BARNES, b m. by Bertrand, dam by Sir Archy. CHARLOTTE CLAIBORNE, b. m. by Havoc, dam by Conqueror CHARLOTTE HILL, b. m. by Hpphestion, dam by Cook's Whip. CHARITY GIBSON, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Charles. CHATEAU, [Imp.] b. in. by Chateau Margaux. dam Cuirass by Oiseau. CHEMISETTE, b. m. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam by Arab. CHEROKEE MAID, gr. in. by Marmion, dam by Tecumseh. CHESAPEAKE, b. or br. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Thaddeus. CHICOMAH, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam White Feather by Conqueror. CHICOPA, ch. m. by Tuscahoma, dam Fortuna by Pacolet. CHIEFTAIN, b. h. by Godolphin, dam Young Lottery by Sir Archy. CHOTAUK, br. h. by Pamunky, dam by Arab. CHURCHILL, b. h. by [Imp.] Zinganee, dam by Buzzard. CINDERELLA, b. m. by Pacific, dam Mary Vaushan by Pacolet. CLARA BOARDMAN, b. m. by [Imp.] Coiisol t ~dam Sally Bell by S'r Archy. CL\RION, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Ogle's Oscar. CLARISSA, ch. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam (Clarion's dam) by Ogle's Oscar. CLEAR THE TRACK, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Stock- holder. CLEuPATRA, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. CLEVELAND, gr. h. by [Imp.] Emancipation, dam by [Imp.] Levia- than. COAL BLACK ROSE, bl. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Arab. COLUMBUS, Junior, b. h. bv Columbus, dam by Bertrand. COMPROMISE, b. m. by NulJitier, dam by Anti-Tariff. CONCHITA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Miss Bailey by [Imp. Boaster. CONSOL, Junior, br. h. by [Imp.] Consol, dam [Imp.] The Nun'» Daughter by Filho da Puta. «!ORA, [Imp.] ch. m. by Muley Moloch, dam by Champion. CORA MUNRO, ch. m. by Hugh L. White, dam by Crusher. CORDELIA, ch. m. by [Imp.} Leviathan, dam by Sir Archy. CORK, b. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Caledonia by Jerry. CORNELIA, b. in. by Skylark, dam by Arab. CORONATION, ch. h. bv Laplander, dam by Oscar. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 67 COTTON PLANT, gr. m. by Bertram], dam by Pacolet. COWBOY, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Virginian." CRACKAWAY, ch. h. by Marmaduke. CRACOVIENNE, gr. m. by [!»/>.] Glencoe, dam [Imp.] Gallopade by Catton. CREATH, b. h. by [Imp.] Tranby, dam by Sir Archy Montorio. C RICH TON, ch. h. by Bertratid, dam by Phenomenon. CRIPPLE, gr. m. by [Imp.] Philip, dam (Gamma's dam) by Sii Ri- chard. CROCKETT, b. h. by Crockett, dam by Sir Archy. CROTON, gr. h. by Chorister, dam by Mucklejohn. CRUCIFIX, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Virginia by Sir Archy. CUB, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. CUMBERLAND, b. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir William. CURCULIA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. CZARINA, gr. m. by [Imp.] Autocrat, dam Aurora by Arab. D» tyANDRIDGE, b. h. by Garrison's Zinganee, dam by Walnut or La- fayette. DAN MARBLE, ch. h. by Woodpecker, dam (a sister to West Flo- rida's dam) by Potomac. DAN M'INTYRE, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. DAN TUCKER, ch. h. by [Imp.] Belshazzar, dam by Pulaski. DANIEL BUCK, ch. h. by Collier, dam by Pacolet. DARIUS, b. h. by Orphan Boy, dam bv Cumberland. DARKNESS, bl. m. by Wagner, daxi bally Shannon's dam^ bv Sir Richard. DARNLEY, ch. h. by John Richards, dam Lady Gray by Sir Richard. DART, b. h. by [Imp.] Doneaster, dam Jane Gray by Orphan Boy. DAVE PATTON, ch. h. by Sumpter, dam by Hamiltonian. DAVID FYLDE, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Clay's Sir William. DAY DREAM, br. m. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy. DAYTON, ch. h. by Tormentor, dam by Tuckahoe. DECATUR, ch. h. by Henry, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. DECEPTION, b. h. by Stockholder, dam by [Imp.] Leviathan. DE LATTRE, br. h. by [Imp.] Consol, dam [Imp.] Design by Tramp. DELAWARE, b. h. by Mingo, dam by John Richards. DELPHLNE. ch. m. by Sumpter. DEMOCRAT, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Eaule. DENMARK, br. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Betsey Harrison by A rat us. DENIZEN. [Imp.] b. h. by Aclaeon, dam Design by Tramp. DEVIL JACK, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Lady Burton b) Timoleon. DIANA CROW. bl. m. by Mark Antony, dam by Botts' Lafayette. DIAN # A SYNTAX, br. m. by Doctor Syntax, dam [Imp.] Diana b? Catton. DICK COLLIER, ch. h. by Collier, dam by Whip. DICK MENIFEE, br. h. by Lance, dam by Sir William of Transpo.l 42 68 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. DOCTOR DUDLEY, b. h. by Bertram!, dam by Robin Cray. DOCTOR DUNCAN, cb. b. by Cadmus, dam bv Old Court. DOCTOR FRANKLIN, cb. h. by Frank, dam Althea by Big Archy. DOCTOR WILSON, ch. h. by John Bascombe, dam Bolivia by Bo livar. DOLLY DIXON, b. m. by [Imp.] Tranby, dam Sally House by Vir- ginian. DOLLY MILAM, b. m. by [imp.] Sarpedon, dam by Eclipse. DONCASTER, [Imp.] bl. h. by Longwaist, dam by Muley. DONNA VIOLA, b. m. by [Imp.] Luzborough, uam (Jack Downing'^ dam) by Mons. Tonson. DUANNA, gr. m. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam Goodloe Washington by Washington. DUBLIN, gr. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, darn by Jerry. DUCKIE, b. m. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam Mary Jones by Kosciusko. DUKE SUMNER, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Grey Archy. DUNGANNON, b. h. by Mingo, dam by John Stanley. DUNVEGAN, b. h. by [Imp.] Trustee, dam Jemima by Rattler. E. EARL OF MARGRAVE, b. h. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam DuchesB of Marlborough by Sir Archy. ECLIPTIC, ch. b. by Eclipse, dam (Rodolph's dam) by Moses. EDISTA. b. h. by [Imp.] Rovvton, dam Empress. EDWARD EAGLP:, ch. h. by Grey Eagle, darn by Director. EFFIE, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. EL BOLERO, br. h. by Stockholder, dam by [Imp.] Leviathan. EL FURIOSO, b. h. by [Imp] Hedgford, dam Rattlesnake by Ber- tram!. ELIAS RECTOR, b. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam Kate Blair. ELI ODOM, br. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Chuckfahila by Ber- trand. ELIZA CULVERT (or Calvert), ch. m. by Cymon, dam Lady Sum ner by Shawnee. ELIZA HUGHES, b. m. by Marmion, dam by Whip. ELIZA JANE, b. m. by [Imp.] Monarch, dam Big Jinny by Rattler. ELIZA ROSS, b. m. by Marmion, dam by Tiger or Whip (or Tigor Whip). ELIZABETH GREATHOUSE. b. m. by Masaniello, dam by Waxy. ELIZABETH JONES, m. by Pacific, dam by Mons. Tonson. ELLA. cb. m. by Young Virginian, dam by Harwood. ELLEN HUTCHINSON, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Ber .trand. ELLEN CARNELL, ch. m. by [Imp] Behhazzar, dam by [Imp., Leviathan. ELLEN JORDAN, b. in. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam Ellen Tiee L» Henry. ELLEN PERCY, ch. m. by Godolphin, dam by (Imp.) Bedford. ■ cb. in. by Godolphin, dam by Financier. ELLEN WALKER, b. m. by (Imp. ) Consol, dam (Imp.) Plenty o* Emilius. ELLISIJ', b. rn. by Platorf, darn by Mucklejohn. WINNING HORSES SINCL 1339. 69 ELLIPTIC. c!i. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Amanda by Revenue ELOISE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Mary Wasp by Dcu Quixotte. ELVIRA, cli. m. by Red Gauntlet, dam by Rob Roy. EMERALD, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Ebza by Ru bens. EMIGRANT, gr. h. by Cadet, dam by (Imp.) Contract. EMILY, ch. m. by Medoc, dam Spider by Almanzar. « br. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam by Tom Tough. ■ (Imp.) 1). m. by Emilius, dam Elizabeth by Rainbow. EMILY SPEED, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. EMMET, b. h. by Bertrand. dam by Gallatin. ESMERALDA, b. m. by Pressure, dam by Murat. ESPER SYKES, (Imp.) br. h. by Bclshazzar, dam Capsicum by Emilias. ESTA, gr. m. by Bolivar, darn by (Imp.) Barefoot. ESTHER WAKE, gr. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Stock- holder. ETHIOPIA, bl. m. by Dashall, dam by (Imp.) Expedition. EUDORA, br. m. by Jefferson, dam by Oscar. EUCLID, br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy. EUTAW, b. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam by Sir Charles. EVERGREEN, ch. m. by Wild Bill, dam by Sir Charles. EXT10, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Refugee by Wan- derer. F. FANCY, br. m. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam by Sir Archy. FANDANGO, gr. m. by (Imp.) Leviatban, dam (Imp.) Gallopade by Catton. FANNY, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam Maria West by Marion. (J. Guildersleeve's), bl.'m. by Sidi Hamet, dam by Sump- ter. (Joseph Alston's), b. m. by Woodpecker, dam Fan by Trumpator. FANNY BAILEY, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Bertrand. FANNY FORESTER, b. m. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by In dustry. FANNY GREEN, b. m. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam Betsey Archy by Sir Archy. FANNY KING, b. m. by (Imp.) Gleneoe, dam Mary Smith by Sir Richard. FANNY LIGHTFOOT, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by Sumpter. FANNY ROBERTSON, b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Arietta by Vir ginian. FANNY STRONG, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Sally Bell t y Sir Archy. FANNY WYATT, ch. m. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Hal. FAN TAIL. ch. m. by W;ixy, dam by Sumpter. FAIRLY FAIR, ch. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Peter Teazle FAITH, b. m. by (Imp.) Tianby, dam Lady Painter by Latins FASHION, ch. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Bonnets 6 BIjb by fiff Charles. 71 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. FEATHERS, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (George Kendall's dam) by Stockholder. FESTIVITY, b. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, darn Magnolia by Mons. I on son. • FIAT, b. m. by (Imp.) Hedgford, dam Lady Tompkins by Eclipse. F1FER, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. FILE-LEADER, ch. h. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Saluda by Timo- leon. FINANCE, b. m. by Davy Crocket, dam by Sir Henry Tonson. FLASH, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Conqueror. FLAXINELLA, gr. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Virginian. FLEETFOOT, gr. m. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Dove by Duroc. FLETA (James L. French's) br. m. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Rasselas. ■ (G. B. Williams's), ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Clay's Sir William. FLIGHT, eh. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Charles. FLORA HUNTER, gr. m. by Sir Charles, dam by Duroc. FORDHAM, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Jane'te by Sir Archy. FORTUNATUS, ch. h. by Carolinian, dam by Sir Charles. FORTUNE, b. m. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam by Maryland Eclipse. FRANCES AMANDA, ch. m. by Pennoyer, dam Sally McGrath. FRANCES TYRREL, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Rockingham. FRED KAYE, b. h. by Grey Eagle, dam by Moses. FRESHET, ch. m. by Tom Fletcher, dam Caroline (or Catherine) by Pacific. FREE JACK, br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam (Imp.) Tinsel by Napoleon. FROSTY, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Martha Hoi loway by Rattler. FURY, bl. m. by Terror, dam by Smith's Bedford. (Col. Wade Hampton's), ch. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam (Imp.) sister to Ainderby by Velocipede. G. GABRIEL, ch. h. by Napoleon, dam Harpalyce by Collier. GALANTHA, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Jackson. GAMMA, gr. m. by Pacific, dam (Melzare's dam) by Sir Richard. GANO, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Betsey Richards by Sir Archy. GARRICK, gr. h. by (Imp.) Shakspeare, dam by Eaton's Columbus GARTER, b. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam by Trumpator. GAS-LIGHT, br. h. by (Imp.) Merman, dam by Mercury. OAZAN, b. h. by Sir Leslie, dam Directress by Director. GENERAL DEBUYS, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (/m/«. Nanny Kilhain by Voltaire. GENERAL RESULT, b. h. by (Imp.) Consol, dam by Timoleon. GENEVA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Arab. GEORGE BURBR1DGE, b. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam b> Mons. Tonson. GEORGE ELLIOTT, br. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Lawrence liEORGE LIGHTFOOT, b. b. by Eclipse Lightfoot, dam Ma»7 Logan by A.rab. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 7l GEORGE MARTIN, b. h. by Garrison's Zinganee, dam Gabriella by Sir Arch v. GEORGE VV. KENDALL, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Jenny Devers by Stockholder. GEROW, ch. h. by Henry, dam Vixen by Eclipse. GERTRUDE, b. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Parasol by Napoleon GIFT, ch. m. by Dick Chinn, dam Milch Cow. GIPSEY, b. m. by Nu! lifter, dam by Anti-Tariff. GLENARA, b. h. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam Nell Gwynne by Tramp. -•- (Davis &. Ragland's,) ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam Kitty Clover by Sir Charles. (Dr. Thos. Paynes,) b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Jane Shore by Sir Archy. GLIDER, ch. h. by (Imp.) Valparaiso, dam by Clifton. GLIMPSE, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. njLORVTNA, ch. m. by Industry, dam by Bay Richmond. GLOVER ANN, gr. m. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Bolivar. GOLD EAGLE, ch. h. by Grey Eagle, dam Eliza Jenkins by Sir William. GOLD FRINGE, ch. h. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam (Imp.) Gold Wire. GONE AWAY, b. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Virginian. GOSPORT, br. h. by (Imp.) Margrave, dam Miss Valentine by (Imp.) Valentine. GOVERNOR BARBOUR, b. h. by (Imp.) Truftie, dam by Holmes' Vampire. GOVERNOR BUTLER, ch. h. by Argyle, dam Mary Frances by Director. GOVERNOR CLARK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Old Court. GOVERNOR POINDEXTER, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Eliza Clay (the dam of Giantess,) by Mons. Tonson. GRACE DARLING, ch. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, da~> Celeste by Henry. GRAMPUS, b. h. by (Imp.) Whale, dam by Timoleou. br. h. by Shark, dam by Mons. Tonson. GRATTAN, b. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam Flora by Mary- laud Eclipse. GREY ELLA, (A. G. Reed,) gr. m. by Big Archy. dam by Bertrand. (A. G. Reed,) gr. m. by Collier, dam by Gallatin GREY FRANK, gr. h. by Frank, dam by Buzzard. GREY-HEAD, (J. L. Bradley's,) b. h. by Chorister, dam by Sumpter (J L. Bradley's,) b. h. by Chorister, dam by Mucklo- John. GREY MARY, s^r. m. by Ben. Sutton, dam by Hamiltonian. GREY MEDOC, gr. h. by Medoc, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand. GREY MOM US, gr. h. by Hard Luck, dam by Mons. Tonson. GUINEA-COCK, br. h. by Merlin, dam by Grey-tail Florizel. GULNARE, b. rn. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Sir William ol Transport. GUSTAVTJS, b. h. by Sussex, dam by Thornton's Rattter GUY OF WARWICK, ch. h. by Frank, dam »iy Hamiltonian 43» 72 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. II. HANNAH HARRIS, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Grey Goose oy Pacolel HANNIBAL, b. h. by O'Kelly, dam Roxana by Sir Charles. HA'-PENNY, b. m. by Birmingham, dam Picayune by Medoe. HARDENED SINNER, b. h. by {Imp.) Philip, dam by (Imp.) Bluster. . HARD CIDER, b. h. by (imp.) Tranby, dam by Sir Charles. HARK-AWAY, ch. h. by Emilius, dam (Imp.) Trapes. HARPALYCE, ch. m. by Collier, dam by Sea-Serpent. HARRIET, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Shylock. HARRY BLUFF, bl. h. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Pakenham. HARRY CARGILL, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Flo- rentine by Whisker. HARRY HILL, b. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam (Imp.) Anna Maria by Truffle. HARRY WHITEMAN, ch. h. by Orphan Boy, dam by Sir Archy. HAWK-EYE, ch. h. by Sir Lovell, dam Eliza Jenkins by Sir Wil- liam. HEAD EM, b. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Itasca by Eclipse. HEALER, ch. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Sir Archy of Transport. HEBE, ch. m. by Collier, dam by Bertrand. HECTOR BELL, gr. h. by Drone, dam Mary Randolph by Gohanna. HEIRESS, (THE) ch. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam by Henry. HELEN, (Imp.) b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Malibran by Rubens. HENRY A. WISE, br. h. by Dashall, dam by Hickory. HENRY CLAY, br. h. by Cock of the Rock, dam by Virginian. HENRY CROWELL, b. h. by Bertrand Junior, dam sister to Muckle- john Junior. HERALD, ch. h. by Plenipotentiary, dam (Imp.) Delphine by Whisker. HERMIONE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Non Plus, clam Leocadia by Virginian. HERO, ch. h. by Bertrand Junior, dam (Imp.) Mania by Figaro. HIT-OR-MISS, b. m. by (Imp.) Somonocodrom, dam (Imp.) Baya- dere. [These horses are owned in Canada.] H00SIER-G1RL, ch. m. by (Imp.) Langford. HOPE, ch. h. by the Ace of Diamonds, dam (The Captain's dam,) by Oscar. HORN BLOWER, br. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music bj John Richards. HOURI, (Imp.) ch. m. by Langar, dam Annot Lyle by Ashton HUGUENOT, ch. h. by Convention, dam (Imp.) Marigold. HUMMING-BIRD, br. m. by Industry, dam Virginia by Thorr*on't Rattle . HUNTSMAN, gr. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. HYDE PARK, ch. h. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Saluda by TimoliKn I. [AGO, bl. h. by Othello, dam (Sartin's dam,) by Timolcon. .CELAND, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lady Jackson by Sump.er ILLINOIS, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Bertrand. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 73 /OWA, ch. h. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam (Imp.) Woodbine. IRENE, ro. m. by Printer, dam McKinney's Roan. ISEE TURNER, ch. in. bv (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder ISIDORA, b. m. by (Imp.) Blacklock. ISOLA, ch. m. by Bertrand, dam Susette. J. JACK DOWNING, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Mons. Tonson. JACK PENDLETON, eh. h. by Goliah, dam (Philip's dam,) by Tra falgar. JACK WALKER, ch. h. by Cymon, dam by (Imp.) Luzborough. JAMES ALLEN, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Donna Maria by Sir Hal. JAMES CROWELL, br. h. by Bertrand, dam by Sir Charles. JAMES JACKSON, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Parasol by Tiger. JAMES F. ROBINSON, ch. h. by Mcdoc, dam by Potomac. JAMES K. POLK, b. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Oleana by Tele- graph. b. h. by Telegraph, dam by Buzzard. ch. h. by Buck-eye, dam by Mcdoc. JANE ADAMS, b. m. by (Imp.) Tranby. JANE FRANCIS, b. m. by Granby, dam by Tecumseh. JANE MITCHELL, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Conqueror. JANE ROGERS, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Charles. JANE SMITH, b. m. by John Dawson, dam by Pacolet. JANE SPLANE, gr. m. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam Helen McGregor bv Mercury. JEANETTE BERKELEY, ch. m. by Bertrand jr., dam Carolina by Young Buzzard. JEANNETTON, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathun, dam by Stockholder. JENNY-ARE- YOU-THERE, ro. m. by Sir Archy Montorio, dam by Potomac. JENNY RICHMOND, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Hamiltonian. JENNY ROBERTSON, b. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Marcus. JEROME, b. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Charles. JERRY, gr. h. by Jerry, dam by Blackburn's Sir William. JERRY LANCASTER, ch.g. by Mark Moore, dam Maid of Warsaw by Golianna. JIM BELL, b. h. by Frank, dam Jonquil by Little John. JIM ROCK, ch. h. by Young Eclipse, dam by Potomac JOR, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Jemima bv Rattler. JOE, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sir Archv Montorio. JOE ALLEN, ch. h. by Goliah, dam by Sir Charles. JOE CHALMERS, ch. h. by (Imp.) Consol, dam (Imp.) Rachel by Partisan (or Whalebone). JOE DAVIS, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Virginia Washington by Saxe Weimar. JOE GATES, ch. h. by Marlborough, dam by Eclipse. JOE MURRAY, br. h. by Waxy, dim by Hamiltonian. ,'OE STURGES, ch. h. by John Bascombe, dam by Thomas s $v Andrew. JOE WINF1ELD, h. h. by John Dawson, dam Sally Diliard. M WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. IOHTN ANDERSON, b. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Bagdad. ch. h. by Cadmus, dam (Kate Anderson's damj by (Imp.) Kagle. JOHN AROHY, ch. h. by Jobn Richards, dam by Old Whip. JOHN BELL, b. h. by Shark, dam Kate Kearney. JOHN BENTON, gr. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan. JOHN BLEVINS, ch. h. by The Colonel, dam (Imp.) Trinket. JOHN B. JONES, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Director. JOHN BLUNT, b. h. by Marion, dam (Mary Blunt's dam,) by Alfred. JOHN CAUSIN, b. h. by (Imp.) Zinganee, dam Attaway by Sir James. JOHN C. STEVENS, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. JOHN DUNK IN, b. h. by Mueklejohn, dam Coquette. JOHN FRANCIS, ch. h. by Francis Marion, dam Mary Doubleday by Sir Henry. JOHN HAMPDEN, ch. h. by Goliah, dam by Director. JOHN HUNTER, b. h. by Shark, dam Coquette by Sir Archy. f OHN KIRKM AN, ch. h. by Birmingham, dam by Sir Henry Tonson. JOHN LEMON, ch. h. by Uncas, dam by Oscar. JOHN MALONE, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Proserpine by Tennessee Oscar. JOHN MARSHALL, b. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Lady Bass by Conqueror. JOHN R. GRYMES, gr. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Alice Grey by Pacolet. (Col. A. L. Bingaman's,) gr. h. by (Imp.) Levia- than, dam Fanny Jarman by Mercury. JOHN ROSS, bl. h. by Waxy, dam by Topgallant. ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Oscar. JOHN VALIANT, bl. h. by Valiant, dam by Kind's Archer. JOHN YOUNG, b. h. by John Richards, dam by Trumpator. JOHNSON, br. h. by Star, dam Vanity by Grigsby's Potomac. JOSHUA BELL, ch. h. by Frank, dam Jonquil by Little John. JOYCE ALLEN, b. m. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam Leannah by Seagull. JULIA, b. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam by Roscius. JULIA BURTON, ch. m. by Gohanna, dam by Tom Tough. JULIA DAVIE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam by Kosciusko. JULIA FISHER, ro. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Polly Bellew by Timoleon. JULIUS, ch. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Jackson. JUMPER, ch. h. by Timoleon, dam Diana Vernon by Herod. K. KANAWA, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Rattler. KATE, b. f. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Shepherdess bv Apollo. KATE ANDERSON, b. m. by Columbus, dam Eaglet by (Imp.) Eagle. KATE AUBREY, gr. m. by Eclipse, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand, KATE CONVERSE, b. m. by (Imp.) Non Plus, dam Dais) bv Kosciusko. KATE COY, b. m. by Critic, dam Nancy Bone by Sussei. KATE HAUN, br. m. by Stockholder, dam by Timoleon WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 75 KATE LUCKETT, b. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Shepherdess by Apollo. KATE NICKLEBY, br. m. by' (Imp.) Trustee, dam by Teniers. b. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam by (Imp.) Levia than. KATE SEYTON, br. m. by Argyle, dam Pocahontas by Sir Arciiy. KATE SHELBY, ch. m. by (imp.) Leviathan, dam Maria Shelby by Stockholder. KAVANAGH, b. or ch. h. by Bertrand, dam by Director. KEWANNA, b. m. by (Imp.) Cetus, dam (Imp.) My Lady by Comua KITTY HARRIS, gr. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Ninon de l'Enclos by Rattler. KITTY THOMPSON, gr. m. by (Imp.) Margrave, dam N : non de l'Enclos by Rattler. JLi» LA BACCHANTE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam by Bertrand. LA BELLA COMBS, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Director. LADY CANTON, gr. m. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam Mary Randolph b. Gohanna. LADY CAVA, ch. m. by Bertrand, dam Betsey Echols by Archy Montorio. LADY FRANCIS, b. m. by Trumpator, dam (Pressure's grandam.) LADY FRANKLIN, b. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Sting by Con queror. LADY HARRISON, b. m. by Sir Henry, dam by Mucklejohn. LADY JACKSON, -. m. by Sumpter. LADY JANE, gr. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Lady Grey by Orphan Boy. LADY PLAQUEMINE, ch. m. by Little Red, dam by (Imp.) Eajrle. LADY PLYMOUTH, b. m. by Flagcllator, dam Black Sophia by Eclipse. LADY SKIPETH, m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Truxton. LADY SLIPPER, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan. LADY STOCK, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by Potomac. LADY SUSAN, b. m. by Cramp, dam by Pantaloon. LAFITTE, gr. h. by O'Kclly, darn Caroline Wilson by Timoleoa. LANDSCAPE, b. h. by (Imp.) Margrave, dam by Sir Archy. LANG HAM, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Cumberland. LANEVILLE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Arab. LASSO, b. m. by Mucklejohn, dam by Gallatin. LAURA, b. m. by Medoc, darn by Moses. LAURA LECOMTE, b. m. by Tarquin, dam Sarah by (Imp.) S*». pedon. I AURE TTE, ch. m. by Jerseyman, dam Maria Harrison. LAVINIA PIPER, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Murphy a Pacolet. LAVOLTA, b. m. by Medoc, dam by Blackburne's Buzzard. LAWYER McCAMPBELL, b. h. by Lord Byron, dam Warping Bars by Rattle the Cash. LEDA, ch. m. by Tiger, dam by Sumpter. LEES BURG, ch. h. by Red Rover, dam by Tuckahoe. LEG-BAIL, ch. h. by Jackson, dam by Marshal Ney. LEG-TREASURER, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Cumberland. 7 6 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. LEHIGH, ch. K. by (Imp.) Skylark, dam Nelly Webb by Industry. LEN NOX, b. ii. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam (Imp.) Rosalind by Pawlowita, LESLIE, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. LETTY FLOYD, ch. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam Palmetto by Rob Roy LEVI, -. h. by Star, dam by Walnut. LEVITHA, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan. LEXPIHILI, ch. m. by Hugh L. White, dam by Pacolet. LIATUNAH, ch. in. by (Imp.) Ainderby, dam (Imp.) Jenny Mills yy Whisker. LIBERALITY, ch. h. by Maryland Eclipse, dam by Sir Alfred. LIBLRTAS, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Director. LIEUTENANT BASSiVGER, br. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam by Roanoke. LIKENESS, (Imp.) ch. m. by Sir Peter Lely, dam Worthless by Walnut. LILY, gr. m. by Tychicus, dam Laura by Rob Roy. LIMBER JOHN, ch. h. by Kosciusko, dam by Moses. LINWOOD, ch. h. by Wild Bill, dam by Pacolet. LITTLE BARTON, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Hamiltonian. LITTLE BLUE, gr. h. by Marmion, dam by Tecumseh. LITTLE MISERY, b. m. by Anvil, dam (Imp.) Anna Maria by Truffle. LITTLE PRINCE, gr. h. by John Bascombe, dam Bolivia by Bolivar. LITTLE RED, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. LITTLE TRICK, b. h. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam (Occident's dam,) by Florizel. LIVE OAK, b. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Pacific. LIVINGSTON, gr. h. by Medley, dam by Van Tromp. b. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam by Henry. LIZ LONG, br. m. by (Imp.) Merman, dam by Alpheus. LIZ TILLETT, ch. m. by Frank, dam bv Medoc. LIZZY HEWITT, b. m. by Ivanhoe, da'm Princess Ann by Mont Tonson. LOG-CABIN, ch. h. by Frank, dam by Hamiltonian. LONG TOM, ch. h. by Pacific, dam by Jerry. LORD OF LORN, br. h. by Argyle, dam Maria by Virginian. br. h. by Argyle, dam Duck Filly by Virginius. LORD OF THE ISLES, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Jerry. LORENZO, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Whip. LORINDA, ch. m. by Havoc, dam by Conqueror. LOUISA JORDAN, ch. m. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam Betsey Marshal by John Richards. LOUISA WINSTON, b. m. by Waxy. LUCRETIA NOLAND, br. m. by (Imp.) Hedgford, dam Frances Ann by Frank. LUCY A. MEYER, b. m. by Pacific, dam by Sir Richard. LUCY BENTON, br. m. by Hugh L. White, dam by Moloch. LUCY DASHW r OOD, gr. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Miss Bailej by (Imp.) Boaster. LUCY FULLER, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Pakenham. LUCY LONG, m. by John Richards, dam by Diomed. b. m. by Latitude, dam by Whip. LUCY WEBB, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. ^7 LUDA, b. m. by Modoc, darn Dnchess of Marlborough by Sir Archy LUNA DOE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Telie Doe by Pacific LVNDHURST, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Wonder. LYNEDOCH, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Wonder. 31. MABEL WYNNE, b. m. by (Imp.) Rovvton, dam by Sir Archy. MADAME ARRALINE, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Cadmus. MAFFIT, b. h. by Frank, dam by Aratus. MAGNATE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Cberry Elliott by Sumpter MAID OF ATHENS, b. m. by (Imp.) Eriam, dam by Arab. MAID OF NORTHAMPTON, gr. m. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dim bj Rattler. MAJOR BOOTS, br. h. by (Imp.) Merlin, dam by Alborak. MANALOPAN, gr. b. by Medley, dam by John Richards. MANGO, (Imp.) ch. m. by Taurus, dam Pickle by Emilius. MARCHIONESS, ch. m. by (Imp.) Rovvton, dam (Fancy's da.ni) bj Sir Archy. MARCO, b. h. by Sir Leslie, dam by Lance. MARGARET CARTER, b. m. by Medoc, dam Lady Whip by Sil Archy. MARGARET BLUNT, b. m. by Eclipse, dam by Contention. MARGARET WOOD, b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Maria West by Marion. MARIA, ch. m. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam Polly Powell by Virginian. MARIA BLACK, (Imp.) br. m. by Filho da Puta, dam by Smolensko, MARIA BROWN, br. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Brunette by Six Hal. MARIA COLLIER, br. m. by Collier, dam by Gallatin. MARIA MILLER, br. m. by Stockholder, dam by Madison. MARIA PEYTON, ch. m. by Balie Peyton, dam by Tariff. MARIA SHELTON, ch. m. by Andrew, dam (Ajarrah Harrison'i dam) by Gallatin. MARIA SPEED, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacific. MARIA WILLIAMS, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Napoleon MARINER, bl. h. by Shark, dam Bonnet's o' Blue by Sir Charles. MARION, b. m. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Rob Roy. MARTHA BICKER TON, b. m. by Pamunky, dam by Tariff. MARTHA CARTER, ch. in. by Bertrand, dam Sally Naylor by Gal. latin. ch. m. by Bertrand, dam by Oscar. MARTHA CALVIN, b. m. by Agrippa, dam by Walnut. MARTHA MALONE, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Tatchecana by Bertrand. MARTHA RANEY, b. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sumptei. MARTHA ROWTON, ch. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam Martha Griffin by Phenomenon. MARTHAVILLE, b. m. by Dick Singleton, dam Black-Eyed Susan MATCHEM, ch. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by P'ind Jackson. MARTIN'S JUDY, br. m. by Young's Mercury, dam by Eclipse. MARTIN VAN BUREN, b. h. by Lafayette Stockholder, dam by In diar MARY, gr. nv by OJd Saul, dam by Free Mulatto. 78 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. MARY, gr. m. by {Imp.) Consol, dam Sally Bell by Sir Archy. MARY ANN FURMAN, br. m. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, darn by Eor- trand. MARY BEECHLAND, b. m. by Sir Leslie, darn by Potomac. MARY BELL, b. m. by Seagull, dam (Vidocq's dam) by Stockholder MARY BRENNAN, b. ni. by Richard Singleton, dam by Hamiltonian. MAR Y BURN HAM, b. m. by Archy Montorio, dam by Stockholder. MARY CHASE, b. m. by (Imp.") Felt, dam by Sir Archy. MARY CHURCHILL, b. m. by (Imp.) Barefoot. MARY DOUGLAS, gr. m. by Jerry, dam by Stockholder. MARY ELIZABETH, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Gallatin. MARY ELL EN, b. m. by Woodpecker, dam by Sumpter. MARY HEDGFORD, br. m. by (Imp.) Hedgford, dam Mar? Franci* by Director. MARY JONES, ch. m. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam by Eclipse. MARY LEWIS, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, darn Proserpine by Os car. MARY LONG, b. m. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam Lndy Pest by Carolinian MARY LUCKETT, ch. m. by Marion, dam (Charles Archy's dam) by Eclipse. MARY MASON, br. m. by Pirate, dam by (Imp.) Consol. MARY MEADOWS, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by Timoleon. MARY MILLER, ch. m. by Arab, dam by Peacemaker. MARY MORRIS, b. m. by Mcdoc, dam Miss Obstinate by Sumpter. MARY OUSLEY, br. m. by King's Bertrand, dam by Pacolet. MARY PORTER, ch. m. by Mucklejolm, dam by Printer. MARY REED, br. m. by Industry, dam by Rattler. MARY RODGERS, b. m. by (Imp.) Hibiscus, dam Ten Broeck'a dam. MARY SCOTT, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Blackburn's Whip. MARY SHERWOOD, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by (Imp.) Levia- than. MARY STEWART, b. m. by (Imp.) Valentine, dam by Henry. MARY THOMAS, b. m. by (Imp.) Consol, dam Parrot by Roanoke. MARY TRIFLE, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Hamiltonian. MARY VAUGHAN, b. m. by Waxy, dam by (Imp.) Bluster. MARY WALTON, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Miss Bailey by (Imp.) Boaster. MARY WATSON, gr. m. by Robin Hood, dam Bolivia by Bolivar. MARY WELLER, ch. m. by Sterling, dam Discord by (Imp.) Luzbo- rough. MARY WICKLIFFE, b. m. bv Medoc. MARY WYNNE, b. m. by Eclipse, dam Flirtilla Jr. by Sir Archy. MASTER HENRY, b. h. by Henry, dam (Balie Peyton's dam) If Eclipse. MAT. MURPHY, ch. h. by Pete Whetstone, dam by Rattler. MEDINA, b. m. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam by Director. xMEDOCA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam bv Doublehead. MEDORA WINSTON, b. m. by Telegraph, dam by Pacolet. MELISSE BYRON, b. rn. by Cherokee, dam by Barnett's Diomed. MELODY, ch. m. by Medoc, dam (Randolph's dam) by HaxuU'e Moses VIERCER en. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Hamiltonian WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 79 MERIDIAN, ch. h. by {Imp.) Barefoot, darn by Ellipse. 1V1ETARIE, ch. m. by Frank, dam (Musedora's dam) by K Dsciusko. METEOR, ch. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam (Baltimore's dam) by Go- hanna. McINTYRE, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. MIDNIGHT, bl. m. by Snark, dam Meg Dods, by Sir Archy. MIDAS, b. h. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam by Roanoke. MILTON HARRISON, b. h. by Orange Boy, dam by Quicksilver. MINERVA ANDERSON, ch. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Charles. MINERVA PROFFIT, ch. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Sophia Bess. MINISTER, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Alexander. MINSTREL, b. m. by Medoc, dam by Bedford's Alexander. -MINT JULEP, br. h. by Godolphin, dam Isora by Dockon. MIRABEAU, b. h. by Medoc, dam Ann Merry by Sumpter. MIRIAM, b. m. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam Laura by Rob Roy. MIRTH, b. m. by Medoc, dam (Minstrel's dam) by Bedford's Alexan. der. MISKWA, ch. m. by Dick Chinn, dam Linnet by {Imp.) Leviathan. MISSISSIPPI, b. h. by John Dawson, dam by Partnership. MISSOURI, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Director. MISTAKE, b. m. by Eclipse, dam by Timoleon. MISS ACCIDENT, {Imp.) b. m. by Tramp, dam Florestine by Whia. IrpP MISS ANDREW, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Gallatin. MISS BELL, b. m. by {Imp.) Consol, dam {Imp.) Amanda by Morisea MISS CHESTER, b. m ; by {Imp.) Sarpedon, dam Delilah by Tiger. MISS CLARK, ch. m. by Birmingham, dam by Cumberland. MISS CLASH, ch. m. by Birmingham, dam by Stockholder. MISS CLINKER, {Imp.) b. m. by Humphrey Clinker, tlam Mania by Maniac. MISS FOOTE, b. m. by {Imp.) Consol, dam {Imp.) Gabriella by Oscar (or Oiaeau). MISS JACKSON, ch. m. by Oakland, dam by Diomed. MISS LETTY, b. m. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Patty Burton by Marion. MISS xMACARTY, b. m. by Waxy. MISS RIDDLE, ch. m. by {Imp.) Riddlesworth, dam Lady Jackson by Sumpter. MISS WILLS, gr. m. by {Imp.) Zinganee, dam Sorrow by Rob Roy. MOBILE, b. h. by {Imp.) Consol, dam {Imp.) Sessions by Whalebone MOLLY LONG, ch. m. by Tom Fletcher* dam by {Imp.) Janus. MOLLY WARD, b. m. by {Imp.) Hedgford, dam by Bertrand, MOLOCH, {Imp.) b. h. by Muley Moloch, dam Sister to Puss by T* niers. MONARCH, {Imp.) b.h. by Priam, dam Delphine by Whisker. MONGRELIA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam Brownlock bv Tiger. MONKEY DICK, b. h. by Dick Singleton, dam by Sumpte.- MORDAC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Whip. MORGAN, ch. h. by John Bascombe, dam Amy Hamilton. MORGIANA, ch. m. by Red Gauntlet, dam by Joe Kent. MORTIMER, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Ogle's Oscar 43 80 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. MOSELLE (Colonel Gavan's), b. m. by Telegraph, dam [Imp.) Jan* Shore. MOSELLE (E. P. Dave's), b. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam {Imp.) Jane Shore. MOTH, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam (Imp.) Jessica by Velocipede. MOTTO, ch. m. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Lady Tompkins by Eclipse. MOUNTAINEER, ch. h. by Yorkshire, dam by Rattler. MOUNTJOY, b. h. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam by Sir Charles. MUD, gr. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. MUSEDORA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Kosciusko. MUSE SANDFORD, b. h. by Hickory, dam by (Imp.) Contract. MUSIC, gr. h. by (Imp.) Philip, dam Piano by Bertrand. N. NANCY BUFORD, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Thornton's Rattler. NANCY CLARK, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Morocco Slipper by Timo leon. NANCY DAWSON, ch. m. by Frank, dam by Voltaire. NANCY O., ch. m. by Flagg, dam Milly Tonson by Mons. Tonson. NANCY ROWLAND, b. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam by Rob Roy. NANNY, b. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Miss Mattie by Sir Archy. NARCISSA PARISH, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by (Imp.) Eagle. NARINE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam Louisianaise. NAT BRADFORD, gr. h. by Bertrand, dam Morocco Slipper by Ti moleon. NATHAN RICE, br. h. by Birmingham, dam by Whipster. NED WELLS, b. h. by O'Connell, dam by Stockholder. NEPTUNE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Jordan, dan Louisianaise. NIAGARA, ch. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Gipsey by Eclipse. NICK BIDDLE, b. h. by Score Double, dam Highland Mary. NICK DAVIS, ch.h. by (Imp.) Glencoe. NICON, ch. h. by Pacific, dam by Jackson. NOBLEMAN, ch. h. by (Imp.) Cetus, dam (Imp.) My Lady by Comus. NORFOLK, br. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam Polly Peachem by John Richards. NORMA, ch. m. by Longwaist, dam (Imp.) Novelty by Blacklock. NORTH STAR, ch. h. by Emilius, dam Polly Hopkins by Virginian. O. OCTAVE, b. m. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam Polly Kennedy. OGLENAH, ch. h'by Medoc, dam Maria by Hamiltonian. OH SEE, ch. h. by (Imp.) Foreigner, dam by Mons. Tonson. OLD DOMINION, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Isabella by Sir Archy. OLD MISTRESS, ch. m. by Count Badger, dam Timoura by Tiino leon. < >LEAN, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Truxton. OLEANDER, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam Aranetta by Bertrand. OLIVIA WAKEFIELD, gr. m. by Patrick Henry. OLYMPUS, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Flirtilla Junior, by Sir Archy. OMEGA, gr. in. by Timoleon, dam Daisy Cropper by Ogle's Oscar. OMOHONDRO, ch. h. by Robin Brown, dam by Mason's Rattler. OREGON b. h by (Imp.) Philip, dam by (Imp.) Luzborough. OR I ANA, or m. by (Imp.) Longwaist, dam (Imp.) Orleana by Bn* WINNING HORSES SINCL 1839. 81 ORIFLAMME, ch. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Sir Hal. ORIOLE, b. in. by (Imp) Leviathan, dam Object by Marshal Ney. ORLEANS, ch. h. by (Jock of the Rock, dam by Timoleon. ORSON, ch. h. by (Imp.) Valentine, dam Ethelinda by Marshal Ber trand. OSTRICH, ch. h. by Collier, dam by Shakspeare. OSCAR, (Josialt Chambers's), ch. h. by Ulysses, dam by Bertrand. OSCEOLA, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Oliver H. Perry. ■' ch. h. by Wild Bill, dam by Timoleon. — ch. h. by Collier, dam by Sumpter. OTHELLO, ch. h. by Waxy, dam by Hickory. OUR MARY, br. m. by (Imp.) Langford, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. P. PAIXHAN, b. h. by (Imp ) Felt, dam Mary Hutton. PALMERSTON, b. h. by (Imp.) Merman, dam (Imp.) by Cadmus. PANIC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Aggy-up by Timoleon. PARIS, bl. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Water- Witch. PARTNER, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Doublchead. PASSENGER, (Imp.) b. h. by Langar, dam My Lady by Comus. . b. h. by Balie Peyton, dam by Pamunky. PASSAIC, (Imp.) ch. h. by Reveller, dam Rachel by Moses. PATRICK H. GALWEY, ch. h. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam Duchess cf Ashland by Shakspeare. PATSEY ANTHONY, b. m. by (Imp.) Priarr», dam (Josephus's dam) by Virginian. PATSEY BUFORD, b. m. by Mazeppa, dam by Rattler. PATSEY CROWDER, gr. m. by Patrick Henry, dam Hillon by Antelope. PATSEY DAVIS, ch. m. by Count Eadgur, dam Timoura by Timo- leon. PATSEY STUART, b. m. by Bertrand, Jan by Redgauntlet. PEDLAR, ch. h. by limp.) Leviathan, dam by Pizarro. PEGGY HALE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Skylark, dam by Sir Charles. PENELOPE, (Imp.) ch. m. by Plenipo, dam Brazil by Ivanhoe. PENSEE, gr. m. by Lauderdale, dam by Lightning. PEORIA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Whip. PETER PINDAR, ch. h. by (Imp.) Da ghee, dam by (Imp.) Barefoot PETER SPYKE, ch. h. by Ec'.pstf, dam by (Imp.) Jack Andrews. PETWAY, b. h. by (Imp.) G'encoe, dam Kitty Clover by Sir Charles br. h. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam by Sir Archy. PET WORTH, b. h. by (Imp.) Philip, dam (Kinlock's dam) by Shaw- nee. PEYTONA, ch. m. by (Irr.p.) Glencoe, dam Giantess by (Imp.) Levis. than. PHANTOM, b. h. by (Imp.) Contract, dam by Potomac. PHIL. BROWN, (Imp.) ch. h. by Glaucus, dam Bustle by Whalebone. PICKWICK, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Pacolet. PICOLO, br. h. by Lord Byron, dam Highland Mary fNick Biddlc'f dam). PILOT, b. h. by Wild Bill, dam by Oscar. PLENIPO, (Imp.) b. h. by Plenipo, dam Polly Hopirins by Virgimsn POKEROOT, gr. h. by William Tell, dam by Citizen 82 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. POLLARD BROWN, b. h. by Wild Bill, dam Hippy by Pacolet. POLLY ELLIS, m. by (hup.) Trustee, darn Rosalind by Ogle's Oscaj POLLY GREEN, br. m. by Sir Charles, dam Polly Peachem by John Richards. POLLY HUNTER, ch. m. by Andrew, darn by Crusader. POLLY MILAM, b. m. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Escape. POLLY PILLOW, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Archy. POLLY PIPER, ch. m. by Count Piper, dam by Consul or Sumptet PONEY, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. PONOLA, ch. h. by Hannibal, dam by Sir Archy. PORTSMOUTH, br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Polly Peachem by John Richards. POSTMASTER, (The) b. h. by (Imp.) Consol, dam Country Maid by Pacific. POWELL, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Alexander or Virginian. PRENTISS, (S. S.) b. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam by Washington. PRESTON, br. h. by Telegraph, dam (Olivia's dam). ■ b. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Parrot by Roanoke. PRIMA DONNA, b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Lady Rowland by Ti riff. PRINCE ALBERT, ch. h. by (Imp.) Margrave, dam (Eutaw's dam, by Sir Charles. PRINCESS, ch. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Sally Hope by Sir Archy. PRINCESS ANN, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. PRISCILLA MARTIN, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Arab. PROMISE, ch. in. by Wagner, dam by Lance. PROSPECT, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by (Imp) Expedition. ch. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Anvilina Smith by Stockholder. PRYOR, b. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Queen of Clubs by Virginian. PURITY, b. m. by (Imp.) Ainderby, dam Betty Martin by Gile« Scroggins. PUSS, b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam by Virginian. Q. QUEEN ANNE, (Imp.) bl. m. by CanH, dam by Langar. QUEEN ELIZABETH, br. m. by (/?/>) Leviathan, darn by Sir Archy QUEEN MARY, ch. m. by Bertrand, dam by Brimmer. QUININE, ch. m. by Red Tom, d'.m by Bertrand. R. RAGLAND, ch. h. by (Imp) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. RALPH, b. h. by Woodpe^Ker, dam Brown Mary by Sumpter. RANCOPUS, ch. in. by rlagellator, dam Molly Longlegs. RAN PEYTON, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. RAPIDES, ch. h. by (Imp.) Skylark, dam Margaret May by Pacific. RASP, gr. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam by Director. REBECCA KENNER, b. m. by (Imp.) Skylark, dam Lady HalstoB bv Bertrand. REBEL, ch. h. by Gohanna, dam (Ohio's dam). RED BILL, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Brown Mary by Sumpter. RED BREAST, ch. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Fanny Wyutt by Sil Charles. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 83 RED BUCK, cli h. by \Imp.) Rowton, dim Lidy Djerpond. RED EAGLE, br. h. by Grey Eagle, dim by Moses. RED FOX, ch. h. bv {Imp.) Luzborough, RED GAUNTLET, ch. b. by {Imp.) Trustee, dim {Imp.) Vaga. RED HAWK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. RED HEAD, b. h. by Woodpecker, dim by Whipster. RED MOROCCO, eh. m. by Medoc, dam Brownlock by Tiger. RED ROSE, br. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by {Imp.) Bagdad. RED TOM, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam Duchess of. Marlborough by Sij Archy. REEL, gr. m. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam {Imp) Gdllopade by Catton. REGENT, b. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Fautail by Sir Archy. REGISTER, gr. h. by (imp.) Priam, dam Maria Louisa by Mona. * Tonson. RELIANCE, b. h. by {Imp) Autocrat, dam Lady Culpeper by Caroli- nian. RESCUE, br. h. by {Imp.) Emancipation, dam Louisa Lee by Medley, REVEILLE, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Sally Melville by Virginian. ■ b. or br. h. by Young Virginian, dam by Harwood. REVERIE, b. or br. m. by {Imp.) Ainderby, dam by Giles Scroggina. RHYNODINO, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Hamiltonian. RICHARD OF YORK, b. h. by Star, dam by Shy lock. RICHARD ROWTON, b. h. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam by Falstaff. RIENZI, b. h. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Sir Charles. b. h. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam Peggy White by {Imp.) Sy phax (or Diomed). RINGDOVE, b. m. by {Imp.) Merman. RIPPLE, b. m. by Medoc, dam Belle Anderson by Sir William. ROANNA, ro. m. by Archy Montorio, dam by Potomac. ROBERT BRUCE, b. h. by Clinton, dam by Sir Archy. ROBIN COBB, ch. h. by {Imp.) Felt, dam Polly Cobb. ROCKER, b. h. by Eclipse, dam by Virginian. ROCKETT, b. h. by Sir Leslie, dam Miss Lanccss bv Lance. RODERICK DHU, gr. h. by Merlin, dam by {Imp.) Bagdad. RODNEY, br. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Medora. ROSABELLA, b. m. by {Imp.) Shakspeare, dam by Timoleon. ROSA VERTNER, b. m. by Sir Leslie, dam Directress by Director. ROSCOE, b. hi by Pacific, dam by Grey Archy. ROTHSCHILD, b. h. by {Imp.) Zinganee, dam by Tiger. ROVER, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam Sally Miller by Cherokee. ROWTONELLA, ch. m. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam Sally Hopkins by Kosciusko. RUBY, b. m. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam Bay Maria by Eclipse. ch. m. by Duke of Wellington, dam Lively by Eclipse RUFFIN, b. h. by {Imp.) Hcdgford, dam Duchess of Marlborough by Sir Archy. S. SAILOR BOY, b. h. by Jim Cropper, dam by Marshal. SAL A DIN, b. h. by John Richards, dam by Henry. SALKAHATCHIE, b. in. by Vertumnur, dam Sally Richardson by Kosciusko. SAi- STRICKLAND, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam bv Pacolet it* 84 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. SALLY BARTON, ch. m. bv Jackson, dam by Gall. tin. SALLY BROWN, b. m. bv Jackson, dim bv Gallatin. SALLY CARR, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by SALLY CRESSOP. ch. m. bv Eclipse, dam by Arab. SALLY DILLIARD (or HILL1ARD), gr. m. by O'Kelly, dam bj Shawnee. SALLY HARDIN, b. m. by Bert rand, dam Peggy Stewart by Whip * SALLY HART, m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Clear-the- Kitchen by Shakspeare. SALLY McGHEE, ch. m. by Gnscoigrrs, dam Thisbe. SALLY MORGAN, b. m. by {Imp.) Emancipation, dam Lady Mor gan by John Richards. SALLY SHANNON, b. m. by Woodpecker, dam (Darnley's dam,) by Sir Richard. SALLY WARD, m. by John R. Grymes, dam by SAMBO, ch. h. by Equinox, dam by Aratus. SAM HOUSTON, b. h. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam by (Imp.) Major. SANDY YOUNG, b. h. by Medoc, dam Natchez Bell by Seagull. SANTA ANNA, ch. h. by Bertrand Junior, dam Daisy by Kosciusko. SANTEE, ch. h. by Wild Bill, dam Sally McGhee by Timoleon. SARAH BLADEN, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Morgiana by Pacolet. SARAH BURTON, m. by Pacific, dam by Timoleon. SARAH CHANCE, ch. m. by Lafayette, dam by Sir Archy. SARAH JACKSON, JUNIOR, b. m. by Piamingo, dam by Arab. SARAH MORTON, b. m. by Sidi Hamet, dam Rowena by Sumpter. SARAH WASHINGTON, b. m. by Garrison's Zinganee, dam bj Contention. SARTIN, br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Julia Fisher by Timo» Icon. SCARLET, ch. h. by Uncas, dam by Pacolet. SENATOR, ch. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Ariadne by Gohanna. SERENADE, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Cook's Whip. . SEVEN-UP, b. m. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam by Arab. SHAMROCK, (Imp.) ch. h. by St. Patrick, dam Delight by R» veller. SHARATOCK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Trumpator. SHEPHERDESS, ch. m. by Lance, dam Amanda by Revenge. SIGNAL, hi. h. by (Imp.) Margrave, dam by Mons. Tonson. SIMON BENTON, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Rattler. SIMON GURTY, ch. h. by Mark Moore, dam by Tiger. SIMON KENTON, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Rattler. SIR ARISS, g> h. by Trumpator, dam Ophelia by Wild Medley. SIR ELLIOTT, b. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Lady Frolic by Sit Charles. SIR JOSEPH BANKS, b. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy. SIR WILLIAM, b. h. by Sir William, dam by Rattler. SISSY, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Gnttv by Whalebone. BISTER TO THORN HILL, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam (Imp.) PickU b) Emilius. SLEEPER, gr. h. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, darn Flora dv Grand Seignor. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 8w SLEEPER (THE), gr. h. by (Imp.) Surpedon, dam by &,,< i b Mes- jtenjjer. SLEEPY JOHN, b. h. by John Dawson, dam Sally DillhuJ by Vir- ginian, (or Plicnomena). SMOKE, ch. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Bianca by Medley. SNAG, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Rattler. SNOWBIRD, gr. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam Forsaken Filly bv Jerry. SOPHIA LOVELL, b. m. by Sir Lovell, dam Eliza Jenkins by Sii William. SORROW, (Imp.) ch. h. by Defence, dam Tears by Woful. SPLINT, ch. m. by Hualpa, dam by Phenomenon. STACK POLE, eh. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. STAGE-DRIVER, b. h. by Lance, dam by Bertrand. STANHOPE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Helen Mar by Rattler. STANLEY, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Aronetta by Bertrand. ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Busiris. ECLIPSE, ch. h. by Busiris, dam by John Stanley. STAR, b. h. by (Imp.) Skylark, dam Betsey Epps by Timoleuii. STAR OF THE WEST, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Whip. ch. m. by (Imp.) Luzburough, dam by Ber trand. STEEL, b. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam Dimont by Constitution. STHRESKLEY, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Paragon. STRANGER, b. h. by Lance, dam by Whip. STOCKBOROUGH, ch. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Stock- holder. ST. CHARLES, ch. h by (Imp.) Jordan, dam by Mercury. ST. CLOUD, ch. h. by (Imp.) Belshazzar, dam by Old Partner. ST. LOUIS, gr. h. by Altorf, dam Fleta by Jackson's (o/ Johnsui'a) Medley. ST. PIERRE, bl. h. by Pamunky, dam by Lafayette. SUFFERER, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Meg Dods by Sir Archy. SUFFOLK, b. h. by Andrew, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. SUNBEAM, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Alice Grey by Mercury. ch. h. by (Imp.) Langford, dam Gipsey, (sister to Medoc) SUSAN HILL, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam Susan Hill by Timo» leon. SUSAN TYLER, b. m. by (Imp.) Sarpedon. SUSAN VANCE, ch. m. by Saladin, dam by Sir William. SWALLOW, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Object by Marshal Ney SWEET HOME, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Hamiltonian. SWISS BOY, br. h. by (Imp.) Swiss, dam by Stockholder, SY LP HIDE, (Imp.) b. rn. by Emilias, dam Polly Hopkins by Virgv nian. SYMMETRY, b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Phenomena by Sir Archj T. TABITHA, ch. m. by Hualpa, dam by Phenomenon. TAGLIONI, ch. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam by Sir Charles. TALLEY, ch. h. by Talleyrand, dam by Bertrand. TALLULAH, ch. m. by Hyazim, dam by Gallatin. TAMERLANE, ch. h. by Cowper, dam by Director. 86 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. TAMMANY, b. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Camilla by Henry. TARANTULA, ch. m. by (Imp.) Belshazzar, dam Mary Jane Davu by Stockholder. TARLTON, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Robin Grey. TARQUIN, b. h. by (Imp.) Consol, dam Jeannie Deans by Powhattark TATTERSALL, ch. h. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam (Volney's dam,) by Sir Archy. T.VYLOE, b. h. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam Peggy White. TAZEWELL, b. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam by Gallatin. TEARAWAY, b. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Jemima by Thornton** Rattler. TELAMON, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Cherry Elliott by Sumpter. TELIE DOE, b. m. by Pacific, dam Matilda by Greytail. TELLULA, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Whip. TEMPEST, ch. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Jeanette by Sir Archy. TEMPLAR, b. h. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Timoleon. TEN BROECK, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Bertrand. TENNESSEE, b. m. by (Imp.) Felt, dam Berenice by Archy Junior. TEXANA, b. m. by (Imp.) Hedgford, dam Goodlee Washington by Washington. TEXAS, b. h. by {Imp.) Fylde, dam by Potomac. THE COLONEL, ch. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam (Imp.) My Lady by Comus. THE COLONEL'S DAUGHTER, b. m. by The Colonel, dam (Imp.) Variella by Blacklock. THE DUKE, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by (Imp.) Expedition. THE MAJOR, b. h. bv Othello, dam by Citizen. THE MERCER COLT, br. h. by (Imp.) Mercer, dam Miss Mattie by Sir Archy. THE PONEY, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. THE POSTMASTER, b. h. by (Imp.) Consol, dam Country Maid by Pacific. THE QUEEN, (Imp.) ch. m. by Priam, dam Delphine by Whisker. THOMAS HOSK1NS, b. h. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam Minerva by Torn Tough. THOMAS R. ROOTS, b. h. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam Eliza Jenkins by Sir William of Transport. THORNHILL, ch. h. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam (Imp.) Pickle by Emilius. TIBERIAS, b. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Fanny Wright by Silverheels. TIPPECANOE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dan. by Rattler. T1SHANNA, b. m. by Benbow, dam Fidget by Eclipse. T1SHIMINGO, b. h." by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Maria Shepherd bf Sir Archy. TOBY, b. h. by Bertrand, dam bv Eagle. TOM AND JERRY, ch. h. by Heart of Oak, darn by Lafayette. TOM BENTON, b. h. by Wild Bill, dam by Pacolet. TOM BUCK, ro. h. by (Imp.) Glencoe, darn Lady Sykes by Timoleon. TOM CHILTON, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Childers. TOM COR WIN, b. h. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by Lottery. TOM CRINGLE, ch. h. by Carolinian. TOM DAY, b. h. by Bertrand, dam Sally Melville by Virginian. TOM MARSHAL, (Col. BingamanV) gr. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dart Fanny Jarman by Mercury. WINNING HORSES SISCE 1839. 8*7 1'O.M MARSHAL, (Col Buford'a.) b. U. I»y Medoc, dam by Snmpier. IOiM PAINE, bl. li. by {Imp.) Margrave, dam (Emily Thomas • dam) by Tom Tough. TOM THiJRMAN, b. h. by {imp,) Fylde dam by Citizen. TOM WALKER, el., h. by Mnrylauder, dam by Rattler. TOMMY WAKEFIELD, ch. h.'by Drone, dam by Eclipse. TORCH-LIGHT, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam Wax-light by {Imp. Leviathan. TORNADO, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Polly Hopkins by Virginian. TRANBYANNA, m. by {Imp.) Tranby dam Lady Tompkins by Eclipse. TRANSIT, b. h. by (Imp.) Hedgford, dam (Molly Ward's dam) by Bertrand. TREASURER, b h. by (Imp.) Roman, dam Dove by Duroc. TRENTON, d. h. by Eclipse Light foot, dam by Tuckahoe. TROUBADOUR, bl. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Stockholder. TRUXTON, b. h. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Princess by Defiance. TUSKENA, b. h. by Mods. Tonson, dam Creeping Kate. TYLER, b. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Kate Kearney by Sir Archf. U. UNCAS, ch. h. by Diomed. b. h. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam by Pacific. UNITY, ch. f. by Genito, dam Lady Pest by Carolinian. V. VAGABOND, ch. h. by (Imp.) Ainderby, dam (Imp.) Vaga. VAGRANT, ch. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam (Imp.) Vaga. VANITY, b. m. by Traveller. VAN TROMP, h. by Van Tromp, dam by Mueklejohn. VASHTI, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan — Slazy by Bullock's Mueklejohn. VELASCO. b. h. by Shark, 'dam by Virginian. VELOCITY, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Patty Puff by Pacotet. VERTNER, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lady Adams by Whipster. VETO, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Diomed. ■ h. by (Imp) Luzborough, dam Lady Washington by Wash* ington. VICTOR, br. h. by (Imp.) Cetns, dam (Imp.) My Lady by Comug. VICTORIA, gr. m. by Sir Kirkland, dam by Tippoo Saib. b. m. by (Imp-) Luzborough, dam by Timoleon. ROW'TON, ch. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam by Pheno menon. VICTRESS, b. m. by Grey Eagle, dam by Royal Charley. VIDOCQ, br. h. by Medoc, dam by Stockholder. VIOLA., ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Mary Longfit by Pa c fie VIRGINIA, ch. m. by (Imp) Leviathan, dam by Sir Rich d Tonson. VIRGINIA ROBINSON, b. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Beckj by Marquis (or Marcus). VOLTAIRE, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Bertrand. W. WACOUSTA. ch. h. by Jerseyman. dam Lady Vixen. W ADDY THOMPSON, ch. h by (Imp) Emancipation, dam by Tr» fa ^jjar. 88 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. WAGNER, oli. h. by Sir Charles, dam Maria West by Marion. WALK 1N-THE-WATER, b. h. by Collier, clam by Bertram!. WALTER L., b. li. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam by Sir Charles. WANTON WILL, b. h. by Brunswick, dam by Prince Edward. WARSAW, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Arab. WARWICK, ch. h. by Stockholder, dam by (Imp.) Leviathan. WASHENANGO, ch. h. by (Imp.) Sorrow, dam by (Imp.) Leviathan WATKINS, ro. h. by John Richards, dam by Whip. WAXETTA, br. m. by Waxy, dam by Kennedy's Dioined. WEBSTER, b. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Fairy. WELLINGTON, b. h. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam (Volney's dam) b> Sir Archy. WESLEY MALONE, b. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Richard WEST FLORIDA, b. m. by Bertram, dam by Potomac. WEST-WIND, br. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam Mambrina by Bertrand. WHALEBONE, b. h. by (Imp.) Cetus, dam by Gohanna. WHISKER, b. h. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by Walnut. WILL-GO, b. or br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Eclipse. WILLIAM R., b. h. by Goliah, dam by Sir Alfred. WILD BURK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by (Imp.) Bluster. WILLIS, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by (Imp.) Merrytield. WILLIS P. MANGUM, b. h. by Shark, dam Aggy Down. WILTON BROWN, gr. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Ninon de 1'EncIoi by Rattler. WINCHESTER, ch. h. by Clifton, dam by Contention. WINFIELD (or WIN FIELD SCOTT), ch. h. by Andrew, dam bj Eclipse. WONDER, b. h. by Tychicus, dam Nancy Marlborough by Rob Ro/. WOODCOCK, b. h. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by Shylock. WORKMAN, ch. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Timoleon. Y. YAZOO TRAPPER, ch. h. by Sir William. YELLOW ROSE, ch. m. by Andrew, dam Tuberose by Arab. YORKSHIRE, b. h. by St. Nicholas, dam Moss Rose by Tramp. YOUNG DOVE. gr. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Dove by Duroc. YOUNG FRAXINELLA, gr. m. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Virgi- nian. YOUNG MEDOC, ch. h. by Medoc. Z. ZAMPA, ch. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Celeste by Henry. ZEBA, ro. m. by Eclipse, dam Miss Walton by Mendoza. ZEMMA (or ZAMOUR), ch. h. by Ulysses, dam by Stockholder ZENITH, b. h. by Ecliuse, dam Belle Anderson by Sir William of Transport ZENOB1A, L„ rn. by (Imp.) Roman, dam Dove by Duroc. 20E, ch. m. by (Imp.) Kowton, dam (Little Venus's dam,) by Si» William. 60RAIDA. b m. by Virginius, dam by Comet. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. A. A BD ALLAH, b. h. by Mt.mbrino, dam Amazonia. ABJER, [Imp.] got by Old Truffle, dam Briseis by Beningbrongh, gr. dam Lady Jane by Sir Peter»Teazle — Paulina by Florizel, &c. — foaled 1817, died IS 28. — Alabama. James Jackson. ADMIRAL, [Imp.] b. h. got by Florizel, dam tbe Spectator mare, (vvbo was also the dam of Old imp. Diomed) — foaled 1779. — New York. J. Delancy. AFRICAN, bl. h. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam by Marshal Bertrand. ALLEN BROWN, ch. h. by Stockholder, dam by [Imp.] Eagle. ALL FOURS, [Imp.] got by All Fours, son of Regulus — Blank — Bolton Starling — Miss Meynell by Panr.'jr — Greyhound — Cur- win's Bay Barb, &c. imp. into Massachusetts or Connecticut. ALONZO, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Sir Archy. AINDERBY, [Imp.] ch. h. by Velocipede, dam Kate by Catton. ALTORF, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam Countess Plater by Virginian. AMBASSADOR, [Imp.] b. h. by Emilius, dam [Imp.] Trapes by Tramp. AJVIERICUS, [Imp.] b. h. got by Babraham — Creeping Molly by Se cond — General Evans' Arabian Cartouch — foaled 1775. William Macklin. ANDREW, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Herod. ANDREW JACKSON, b. h. by Timoleon, dam by [Imp.] Whip. ANN PAGE, in. by Maryland Eclipse, dam by Tuckahoe. ARAMINTA, b. m. by May-Day, dam Tripit by Mars. ARGVLE, br. h. by Mons. Tonson, 5. William and (ieorge Evans. " ' [l m F-] b. h. got by Wildair — Babraham — Sloe — BarT lett*s Childers — Counsellor — Snake, &e. — foaled 1775. — Va 1783. Augustine Willi* 891 90 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. BALTE PEYTON, b b. by Andrew, darn Pocahontas by Eclipse BAY MIDDLETON, b. h. by [Imp] Fylde, darn by Potomac. BELLE ANDERSON, in. by William of Transport, dam Butterfly BELSHAZZAR, [Imp.] ch. by Blacklock, dam Manuella by Dick Andrews. BERNERS COM US, [Imp.] b. h. by Comus, dam Rotterdam by Juniper. BERTRAND Junior, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam Transport by Virgi- niua. , BETSEY MALONE, m. by Stockholder, dam by Potomac. BIANCA, m. by Medley, dam Powancey by Sir Alfred. BIG JOHN, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam by Hamiltonian. BILL AUSTIN, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Timoleon. 'BIRMINGHAM, Ur. h. by Stockholder, dam Black Sophia by Top gallant. BLACK ARABIAN, [Imp.] — Presented by the Emperor of Morocco to the United States Government. BLACK PRINCE, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam Fantail by Sir Archy. ■ [Imp.] bl. h. got by Babraham — Riot by Regulus — Blaze — Fox, &c. — foaled 1760. — New York. A. Ramsay. BLOODY NATHAN, ch. h. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam Daphne by Duroc. BOHEMOTH, Junior, b. h. by Old Bohemoth. BONNYFACE, [Imp] (also called Master Stephen) dk. b. h. got by a son of Reguli.a out of the Fen mare, got by Hutton's Royal colt — Blunderbuss, &c. — foaled 1708. — Va. French. BOSTON, ch. h. by Timoleon, dam (Robin Brown's dam) by Ball't Florizel. BRITANNIA, [Imp.] m. by Muley, dam Nancy by Dick Andrews. BUFF COAT, [Imp.] dun h. got by Godolphin Arabian — Silver Locks by the Bald Galloway — Ancaster Turk — Leeds Arabian, &c. — foaled 1/742. — Va. 1761. Joseph Wells. BULLE ROCK, [Imp.] got by the Darley Arabian — Byerly Turk, out of a natural Arabian mare, &c. — foaled 1718. — Virginia, 1735-6. Samuel Patton. BUS1RIS, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Grand Duchess by [Imp.] Grac- chus. BUSSORAH ARABIAN — Imported by Abraham Ogden, Esq., of New York. BUTTERFLY, m. by Surrpter, dam by [Imp.] Buzzard. C. CADMUS ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Di Vernon by Ball's Florizel CAMDEN, b. h. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam by Old Cherokee. CAMILLA, m. by [Imp.] Philip, dam Roxana by Timoleon. CANNON, [Imp.] br. h. got by Dungannon — Miss Spindleshanks by Omar — Starling, &c. — foaled 1789. — Boston. Gen. Lyman. CAROLET, ch. in. by [Inip.] Leviathan, dam Peg Caruthers by Arab. CAROLINE, m. by Eclipse, dam Miss Mattie. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 91 CARVER [Imp.] b. h. got by Young Snap — Blank — Babraham — Aircaster Starling — Grasshopper, &c. — foaled 177U. — Norfolk county, Va. Dr. Charles Mayle. CETA, m. by [Imp.] Cetus, dam Harriet Heth by Moris. Tonson. CETUS, [Imp.] b. h. by Whalebone, dam Lamea by Gohanna. CHARLEY NAILOR, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. CHARLOTTE PAGE, m. by Sir Archy, dam by [Imp.] Restless. CHATEAU MARGAUX, [Imp.] dk. br. h. got by Whalebone, (best sou of Waxy,) dam Wasp by Gohanna — Highflyer — Eclipse, &c— foaled 1822. — Va. 1835. J. J. Avery & Co. CHEROKEE, h. by Sir Archy, dam Roxana by Hephestion. CHESTERFIELD, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Wilkes' Madison. CHIFNEY, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Archy. CHILTON, b. h. by Seagull, dam by Hazard. CINDERELLA, b. m. by Saladin, dam by Aratus. CIPPUS, bl. h. by Industry, dam by Randolph's Mark Antony. CIVIL JOHN, gr. h. by Tariff, dam by Pakenham. CLARET. [Imp.] got by Chateau Margaux, dam by Partisan — Silver Tail by Gohanna — Orville, &c. — foaled 1830. — N. Carolina. Wyatt Cardwell. CLARINET, ch. m. by Kentucky Sir Charles, dam Mary Grindle by Eclipse. CLARION, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Ogle's Oscar. COCK OF THE ROCK, b. h. by Duroc, dam by Romp. COLORADO, h. by Eclipse, darn by Sir Archy. COMMENCEMENT, m. by Arab, dam by Francisco. COMMODORE, b. h. by Mambrino, dam by True American. CORONET, [Imp.] b. h. by Canon, dam by Paynator. CORTES, h. by Old Rattler, darn by Jack Andrews. COUNT BADGER, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Arabella by Hickory. COUNT ZALDIVAR, ch. h. by Andrew, darn by Timoleon. COUNTESS BERTRAND, m. by Bertrand, dam Nancy Dawson by Piatt's Alexander. CRIPPLE, b. h. by Medoc, dam Grecian Princess by Whip. CRITIC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Eclipse Herod. CUSSETA CHIEF, ch. h. by Andrew, dam Virago by Wildair oi Wonder. CYMON, ch. h. by Marion, dam Fair Forester by [Imp.] Chance. D. DAGHEE, [7wi/>.] b. h. by Muley, dam by Arabian Sheik. DAMASCUS, h. by [Imp.] Zilcadi, dam Dido by [Imp.] Expedition. DANCING MASTER, [Imp j b.h. got by Woodpecker — Madcap by Snap — Miss Meredith by Cade, &c. — foaled 1788. — S. Carolina. DANIEL O CONNELL, gr. h. by Sir Henry Tonson, dam oy [Imp] Sir Hurry. DAVY CROCKETT, h. by Constitution, dam by Sutton's Whip DEBASH, [Imp.] b. h. got by King Fergus — Highflyer — Madcap by Snap — Miss Meredith by Cade, &c. — foaled IT'12. Imiorted into Massachusetts. J.-nes, 44 9'2 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. DF.CATUR, en u. by Henry, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. DERBY, [hup] dr. b. h. got by Peter Lely out of Urganda. fo/merl« Lady Eleanor, she by M'lo, dam by Sorcerer J>ut of Twins, ice — foaled 1831. R. D. Shepherd. DIANA, m. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Conqueror. DIANA, [/«»/>.] m. by Catton, darn Trulla by Sorcerer. DIANA, m. by Mercury, dam Rarity. DONCASTER, [Imp.] b. h. by Longwaist, dam by Muley, grandam Lady Em by Stamford. DON QUIXOTE, [Imp.] ch. h. by OKelly's Eclipse— Grecian Priu cess by Forester — Coalition colt — Bustard, &c. — foaled 17S4. Imported into Va. DORMOUSE, [Imp.] dk. b. h. got by Old Dormouse, dam by White- foot — Silverlocks by Bald Galloway, &c. — foaled 1753. — Va. 1759. DOSORIS, ch. h. by Henry, dam (Goliah's dam) by Mendoza. DRONE, [Imp.] b. h. got by King Herod — Lily by Blank — Peggy by Cade — Croft's Partner — Bloody Buttocks, &c. — foaled 1777.— Duchess county, New York. ch. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam Isabella by Sir Archy. DUANE, br. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Goodloe Washington b) Washington. DUCHESS, b. m. by [Imp.] Coronet, dam by Tariff. DUCHESS OF YORK, [Imp.] ch. m. got by Catton, dam by Sancno — Coriander — Highflyer, &e. — foaled 1321. — Va. R. D. Shepherd. DUKE SUMNER, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Grey Archy. DUNGANNON, ch. h. by Sumpter, dam by Duke of Bedford. E. ECLIPSE, (American,) ch. h. by Duroe, dam Miller's Damsel by [Imp.] Messenger. ECLIPSE THE SECOND, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Lady Nimble by Sir William. ELIZA ARMSTRONG, m. by Flying Childers, dam Gipsey by Flo- rizel. ELIZA MILLER, m. by Miller's Bertrand, dam Lucy Forester by Marshal Ney. ELLEN GRANVILLE, b. m. by [Imp.) Tranby, dam by Contention. EMANCIPATION, [Imp.] br. h" by Whisker, dam by Ardrossan. ENGLISHMAN, (Imp. by Mr. Walter Bell of Va., in his dam,) by Eagle (also imported) — PotSos — Pegasus — Small Bones by Jus- tice, &e. — foaled 1812. ENTERPRISE, h. by John Richards, dam by Don Quixote. EUGENIUS, [Imp.] ch. h. by Chrysolite, dam Mixbury by Regului — Little Bowes by a brother to Mixbury — Huttou s Barb, 6lc. — foaled 1770. fcX T LE h by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam [Imp.] Refugee by Watiditei CELE8RATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 93 FAIRFAX ROANE, [Imp.] (alias Strawberry Roan) ro. h. got by Adolphus, dam by Smith's Tartar (a son of Croft's Partner) g. dam by Midge (son of Snake) — Hip, &c. — foaled 1764 — Va. — Fairfax. FANNY WRIGHT, m. by Silverheels, dam Aurora by Governoi Wright's Vingturi. FELT, [Imp.] b. h. by Langar, dam Steam by Waxy Pope. FESTIVAL, ch. b. by Eclipse, dam by Timoleon. FIFER, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. FLATTERER, [Imp.] b. h. by Muley, dam Clari by Marmion. FLORANTHE, m. by John Richards, dam Fanny Wright. FOP, [Imp.] gr. h. by Stumps, dam by Fit/. James. FRANCIS MARION, ch. h. by Marion, dam Malvina by S.i Archy FRANK, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam Betsey Archy by Sir Archy. G. GANDER, gr. h. by Wild Bill, dam Grey Goose by Pacolet. GANO, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Betsey Richards by Sir Archy. GENERAL MABRY, h.by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Galen by Pacific. GEROW, ch. h. by Henry, dam Vixen by Eclipse. GIFT, [Imp.] b. h. got by Cadormus, dam by Old Crab — Second Starling, &c. — foaled 1708. — New Kent county, Va. Colonel Dangerfield. GILES SCROGGINS, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Lady Bedford by [//??/>.] Bedford. GLENCOE, [Imp.] ch. h. by Sultan, dam Trampoline by Tramp. GLOSTER, b. h. by Sir Charles, datn by Alfred. GOHANNA, h. by Sir Archy, dam Merino Ewe by [7m/>.] Bedford. GOLD BOY, b. h. by Industry, dam (Buck Eye's dam) by Medoc. GOLDWIRE, [Imp.] br. m. by Whalebone, dam Young Amazon by Gohanna. GOVERNOR HAMILTON, gr. h. by Sir Andrew, dam by Bonaparte. GRANBY, [Imp.] b. h. got by Blank — Old Crab — Cyprus Ar. — Com- moner — Makeless — Brimmer, &c. — Ibaled 1759. — Powhatan county, Va. Samuel Watkins. GRECIAN 'PRINCESS, m. by Virginian, dam Calypso by Bell-Air — Dare Devil Old Wilda..' — Piccadilla by Fearnought — Go- dolphin — Hob or Not). &c. GREY EAGLE, gr. h. by Woodpecker, dam Ophelia by Wild Med ley. GREY MEDOC, gr. h. by Medoc, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand. GROUSE, br. h. by Eclipse, dam by Krie. GUM ELASTIC, b. h. by Waxy, dam by Read's^Spread Eaglp II. HALO, h.by Sir Archy Montorio, Jam Semiramis. HARD LUCK, gr. h. by Randolph's Roanoke, dam Lady Ws«»biiif ton. 94 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. HAYWOOD, h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Black Sophia by Tergal lant. HECTOR, [Imp.] bl. h. got by Lath — Childers— Basto — Curwin'i Ihiy Barb, &c — foaled 1745. Colonel Marshall. HEDGFORD, [Imp.] br. h. by Filho da Puta, dam Miss Craigie by Orville. (Young) h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam by [Imp.] Ea gle. HERCULES — a grey draft horse, imported into Louisville, Ky. HERO, [Imp.] b. h. got by Blank— Godolphin Ar. &c.— foaled 1747. — Va. John S. Wilson. HIAZIM, ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam Janey by [Imp.] Archduke. HIBISCUS, [Imp] b. h. by Sultan, clam Duchess of York by Waxy. HICKORY JOHN, ch. h. by John Richards, dam Kitty Hickory by Hickory. HIGHLAND HENRY, ch. h. by Henry, dam Highland Mary by Eclipse. HORNBLOWER, br. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. HUGH LUPUS, [Imp.] b.h. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Her Highnes* by Moses. I. IBARRA, b. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam by Virginian. IBRAHIM PACHA, [Imp.] — a pure Bedouin Arabian— importe 1 by Captain James Riley. J. JACK OF DIAMONDS, [Imp.] dk. b. h. by Cullen's Arabian— Dar- ley Ar. — Byerly Turk, &c. — Va. 1703. Imported by Colonel S^ottswood. Solomon Dunn. JACK PENDLETON, ch. h. by Goliah, dam by Trafalgar. JANE GRAY, m. by Orphan Boy, dam Rosalind by Ogle's Oscar. JEROME, br. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Sir Charles. JESSICA, [Imp.] ch. m. by Velocipede, dam by Sancho. JIM JACKbON, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Conqueror. JOB, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Jemima by Thornton's Rattler. JOHN BASCOMBE, ch. h. by Bertram!, dam Grey Goose by Pacolef JOHN BULL, [Imp.] b. h. by Chateau Margaux, dam by Woful. JOHN DAWSON, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Grey Archy. JOHN GASCOIGNE, h. by Randolph's Gascoigne, dam by Virgi nian. JOHN RICHARDS, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, gr. dam by [Imp.] Medley. JORDAN, [Imp.] ch. h. by Langar, dam Matilda by Comus. T UNIUS, [Imp.] bl. H. got by Old Starling — Old Crab — Monkey— Curwin's Bay Barb— Spot, ice— foaled 1754.— Va. 1759. JUSTICE, [Imp.] b. h. got by Blank, dam Aura by Stamford Turk, gi. dam by a b' other to Conqueror — Childers, ice. — Va. 1780. George Gould. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARKS. 4j ,'USTICE, [imp.] pot by Old Justice (son of King Herod) — Old Squirt mare — Mogul — Camilla by Bay Bclton, &c. — foaled 1782. — S. Carolina. Major Butler. K KANGAROO, ch, h. by Uncas, dam by Orphan. KATE NICKLEBY, m. by [Imp.] Trustee, dam Lady Mostyn by Teniers. KING WILLIAM, [Imp.] red sor. h. got by Florizel, dam Milliner by Matchem — Cassandria by Blank, &c. — foaled 1781. — Ches- ter county, Pa. Dr. Norriss. [Imp.] b. h. by King Herod, dam Madcap by Snap — Miss Meredith by Old Cade, &c. — foaled 1777. — Con- necticut. Skinner. KITTY' BRIM, b. m. by Old Conqueror, dam by Gallatin ; gr. darn by Highflyer. L. LADY CLIFDEN, m. by Sussex, dam Betsey Wilson. LADY CULPEPER, m. by Carolinian, dam Flora by Ball's Florizel. LADY MORGAN, m. by John Richards, dam Matchless by [Imp.] Expedition. LADY MOSTYN, [Imp.] m. by Teniers, dam Invalid by Whisker. LADY NIMBLE, m. by Eclipse, dam Transport by Kosciusko. LADY SCOTT, [Imp.] br. m. got by Ardrosson, dam Dido by Vis- count — Brilliant by Whiskey, &c. R. D. Shepherd. LADY WHIP, m. by Whip, dam by Alonzo, gr. dam by [Imp.] Buz- zard. LAFAYETTE, b. h. by Conqueror, clam Julia by Sir Arthur. LANGFORD, [Imp ] br. h. got by Starch, out of Peri by Wanderer, her dam Thalistris by Alexander, out of Rival by Sir Peter- Home by Drone —Manilla by Goldfinder — foaled 1833. F. P. Corbin. LAPLANDER, ch. or br. h. by Flagellator, dam Medora. LEOPARDESS, m. by Medoc, dam by Haxall's Moses. LEVIATHAN, [Imp.] ch. h. by Muley, dam by Windle. Junior, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Young Diomed. LILY, m. by Eclipse, dam Garland by Duroc. LIMBER JOHN, ch. h. by Kosciusko, dam by Moses. LOFTY, [Imp.] b. h. by Godolphin Arabian — Croft's Partner — Blood} Buttocks — Greyhound, &c. — foaled 1753. — Virginia, Chesterfield county. Thomas Goode. LOUISA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Bluster, dam by Hamiltonian. LURCHER, [Imp.] gr. h by Grey Leg, dam Harpalyce by Gohanna LUZBOROUGH, [Imp.] br. h. by Williamson's Ditto, dam by Dick Andrews. Junior, b. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam bj Sump- ter. LYCURGUS. [Imp.] ch. h. by Blank— Snip— Lath, &c — foaled 176- Va. 1776 Geo. H Harriso» 44 • 96 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. LYNEDOCH, ch. h. by [Imp,] Leviathan, dam Ku»etta oy Wilket Wonder. 31. MAGNUM BONUM, [Imp.] ro. h. by Matchem— Swift — Regulus- Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks, &c. — foaled 1774. — Hartford, Conn. F. Kilbome. MANALOPAN, gr. h. by Medley, dam by John Richards. MARIA DAVIESS, ch. m. by Sir Charles, dam Mary Grindle Ij Eclipse. MARIA VAUGHAN, m. by Pacific, dam Mary Vaughan by Pacolet. MARION, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by [Imp.] Citizen. MARGRAVE, [Imp.] ch. h. by Muley, dam by Election. MARK MOORE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Lalla Rookh by Gabriel Os- car. MARMION, br. h. by [Imp.] Merman, dam by Crusader. MARPLOT, [Imp.] by Highflyer— Omar— Godolphin Arabian, kc. MARTHA BICKERTON, b. m. by Pamunky, dam by Tariff. MARSHAL NEY, h. by Pacolet, dam Virginia by Dare Devil. MARY BIDDLE, m. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Flora by Mons. Tonson. MARY VAUGHAN, gr. m. by Old Pacolet, dam by Old Chanticleer. MASTER ROBERT, [Imp.'] ch. h. by Star, dam a young Marsko mare — foaled 1793. MASTER SOLOMON, b. h. by Reveller, dam by Lord Berners. MATCHEM, [Imp.] b. h. by Matchem— Lady by Sweepstakes — Pa- triot — Old Crab, &c. — foaled 1773. — S. Carolina. Gibbs. MATCHLESS, [Imp.] b. h. by Godolphin Arabian — Soreheel — Makeless, &c. — S. Carolina. MATILDA, gr. m. by Grey tail Florizel, dam by [Imp.] Jonah. MAXIM US, b. h. by Bertrand, dam Miss Dance by [Imp.] Eagle. MAYZOUBE — a gr. horse imported from Arabia by Captain James Riley. MELZARE, br. h. by Bertrand, dam by Sir Richard. MENDOZA, [Imp.] b. h. by Javelin — Paymaster — Pamona by King Herod. MERMAN, [Imp.] br. h. by Whalebone, dam by Orville. MERRY PINTLE, [Imp.] gr. h. by Old England, dam by Old Merry Pintle— Skipjack, &c— foaled 1752.— Va. 1775. J. Strong. MERRY TOM, [Imp.] b. h. by Regulus — Locust — a son of Flying Childers— Croft's Old Partner, &c— foaled 1758. MERCER, [Imp.] b. h. by Emilius, dam Young Mouse by Godolphin. MERWICK BALL, [Imp.] ch. h. by Regulus — dam a Traveller mart — Hartley's blind horse — foaled 1762. MINOR, b. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Topgallant. MISS ANDREWS, [Imp.] b. m. by Catton, dam by Dick Andrews. MISS MATTIE, m. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost by Pantaloon. MISS ROSE, [lmp.]b. m. by Tramp, dam by Sancbo, gr. dam by Co- riander, &c. — foaled 1826. R. D. Shepherd. MISS VALENTINE, m. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam by John Richarda MONARCH, [Imp.] b. h. by Priam, dam Delphine by Whisker. HON MOUTH, b. h. bj John Richaids, dam by Duroc CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 97 MONMOUTH ECLIPSE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Honesty hy [Imp.] Expedition. MONS. TONSON, gr. h. by Pacolet, dam Madame Tonson by Top- gallant. MORDEOAl, [Imp.] b. h. by Lottery, dam by Welbeck. MORVEN, [Imp.] ch. h. bv Rowton, dam Nanine by Selim. MOSES MARE (Chas. Buford's) by Haxall's Moses, dam by Cook's or Blackburn's Whip. N. NANCY THATCHER, m. by Medoc, dam by Archy of Transport. NELL GVVYNNE, [Imp.] m. by Tramp, dam by Beningbrough. NETTY, [Imp.] ch. m. by Velocipede, dam Miss Rose. NICHOLAS, [Imp.] h. by St. Nicholas, dam Miss Rose. NIMROD, [Imp.] b. h. by King Fergus— O'Kelly's Eclipse — Old Marske, &c. — Philadelphia, 1788. NON PLUS, [Imp.] b. h. by Catton, dam Miss Garforth by Walton — Hyacintbus,