\ 
 
 *F COMPENDIUM % 
 
 i ° f % 
 
 f UNITED STATES * 
 | HISTORY ? 
 
 % AND ^ 
 
 % LITERATURE g 
 
 "^ WILSON J* 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 Ch[.;...uJ.rjp^yright No 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
• 
 
COMPENDIUM 
 
 OF 
 
 United States History and 
 Literature 
 
 WITH CONTEMPORARY EVENTS 
 
 BY 
 
 ANNIE E. WILSON 
 
 Author of " Handy Helps in the Study and Reading of English 
 
 History," " Handy Helps in the History and Literature 
 
 of the United States," etc. 
 
 X&l*'' 
 
 -M 
 
 D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 
 1896 
 
Copyright, 1896, 
 By ANNIE E. WILSON. 
 
 
 
 Navtoaoti ^vrss 
 
 J. S. Custiing & Co. — Berwick & Smith 
 Norwood Mass. U.S.A. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 New methods call for new books. No class in history is now 
 limited to a single text-book or given over to the prejudices of 
 any single author. With an outline of facts, dates, and important 
 events, we skim the cream from a dozen of the best writers on 
 the subject, and so divide the work of selection as to arouse the 
 thought and interest of every pupil. 
 
 Thus treated, the study of the history and literature of our 
 country becomes what it should be to every American citizen — 
 an absorbing and continually enlarging study. 
 
 For such work we have aimed to provide a convenient skeleton 
 in the following pages. It may also prove helpful in reviewing 
 the course, and as a book of reference for after use. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Pioneer Explorers of the New World 
 
 Adventurers and Discoverers 
 
 Makers of the States 
 
 Revolutionary War . 
 
 Signers of Declaration of Independence 
 
 First Administration 
 
 Second Administration 
 
 Third Administration 
 
 Fourth Administration 
 
 Fifth Administration 
 
 Sixth Administration 
 
 Seventh Administration 
 
 Eighth Administration 
 
 Ninth Administration 
 
 Tenth Administration 
 
 Eleventh Administration 
 
 Twelfth Administration . 
 
 Thirteenth Administration 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 16 
 20 
 22 
 26 
 
 30 
 32 
 
 34 
 33 
 40 
 
 44 
 48 
 
 50 
 54 
 
vi CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Fourteenth Administration . . . . • ' . • 5 8 
 
 Fifteenth Administration 62 
 
 Sixteenth Administration 66 
 
 Seventeenth Administration 7° 
 
 Eighteenth Administration 7 2 
 
 Nineteenth Administration 76 
 
 Twentieth Administration 80 
 
 Writers of the Day 84 
 
 Ruling Sovereigns of Europe 86 
 
 Index 87 
 
COMPENDIUM 
 
 OF 
 
 UNITED STATES AND CONTEMPORARY 
 HISTORY. 
 
 PIONEER EXPLORERS OF THE NEW WORLD. 
 
 Various efforts have been made to establish claims of other and 
 earlier discoverers of the North American Continent. Historians 
 are not fully agreed as to their validity or date. Still, in so far as- 
 they come to us from Government records, they command our 
 confidence. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 432. Fu-sang (supposed to be America) visited by Buddhist 
 
 monks from China, who explore the coast. 
 983. Eric the Red, an Iceland chief, plants a colony in Green- 
 land, at Ericsford. 
 
 1000. Lief, son of Eric, with Bjarni and thirty-five men, sails 
 along coast of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Labrador, 
 etc., landing on an island near Cape Cod ; makes per- 
 manent camp at Mount Hope Bay, Rhode Island, 
 naming the country " Vinland." 
 
 1003. Thorvvald, Eric's brother, leads a second expedition to 
 Vinland, exploring Long Island Sound to New York 
 harbor. 
 
 1007. The first European child born in Vinland was Snorri, 
 whose parents were Thorfinn and Gudrid of Iceland. 
 
 10 1 2. Fighting between settlers puts an end to colony of Vinland. 
 
 1 1 70. Madoc, a prince of Wales, sailing westward, returned to 
 report that he had left his men in a pleasant country. 
 
 1467. Columbus visits Iceland on a trading voyage. 
 
2 ADVENTURERS AND DISCOVERERS 
 
 ADVENTURERS AND DISCOVERERS. 
 
 1492. Columbus discovered San Salvador. 
 
 1493. Columbus' second voyage to America. 
 
 1494. Reputed voyage of the Cabots to Newfoundland 
 
 1497. John Cabot, from Labrador northward. 
 
 The Cabots, Sebastian and John (English), Labrador or 
 
 Cape Breton to the Carolina coast. 
 Amerigo Vespucci, supposed voyage to North American 
 
 continent. 
 
 1498. Marquis de la Roche (French), Nova Scotia. 
 Columbus' third voyage. 
 
 1499. Pinzon (Spanish) discovers Amazon River. 
 
 1500. Gaspar Cortereal's (Portuguese) first voyage. 
 
 1 50 1. Cortereal, from Labrador northward. 
 
 15 1 2. Juan Ponce de Leon (Spanish), Florida. 
 
 15 13. Nunez de Balboa (Spanish), sighted the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 15 19. Francisco de Garay (Spanish), Gulf of Mexico to Missis- 
 
 sippi River. 
 
 1520. Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon (Spanish), South Carolina. 
 1524. Giovanni da Verrazani (Italian navigator in employ of 
 
 French), from North Carolina to Newfoundland. 
 
 1525- 
 
 1526. Pamfilo de Narvaez (Spanish), Florida. 
 
 1534. Jacques Cartier (French), Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 1539-42. Hernando de Soto (Spanish), from Florida to Mississippi 
 River. 
 
 1540. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (Spanish), New Mexico. 
 
 1 54 1. Jacques Cartier and Jean Francois de la Roche, called 
 
 Roberval (French), Quebec. 
 
 1542. Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (Spanish), Pacific coast to Oregon. 
 1546. 
 
CONTEMPORAR Y E VENTS 
 CONTEMPORARY EVENTS. 
 
 Henry VII, king of England. 
 Erasmus ill England. 
 Louis XII, king of France. 
 
 Perkin Warbeck executed. 
 
 French take Genoa under Louis XII. 
 
 Leonardo da Vinci, artist (145 2-15 19). 
 
 Henry VIII, king of England. Wolsey, chief minister. 
 
 Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio), artist (1483-15 20). 
 
 Luther denounces indulgences. 
 
 Luther burns the Pope's bull. 
 Prussia a dukedom. 
 
 Michael Angelo Buonarroti, artist (1475-1563). 
 Tyndale translates the Bible into English. 
 William Tyndale's New Testament published. 
 King Henry VIII acknowledged "Supreme Head of the Church 
 of England." 
 
 House of Austria rules in Spain. 
 
 Luther died. 
 
4 MAKERS OF THE STATES 
 
 1547- 
 
 1553- 
 
 1554- 
 
 1559- 
 
 1561. 
 
 1562. Jean Ribaut (French Huguenot), at Port Royal, S.C. 
 
 1 5 64. Rene de Laudonniere ( French) , on St. John'sRiver, Florida. 
 
 1565. Pedro Menendez de Aviles (Spanish), St. Augustine. 
 
 Sir John Hawkins visits Huguenots on St. John's River. 
 1572. 
 1576. 
 
 1580. Sir Francis Drake (English), west coast to Oregon. 
 1581. 
 
 1582. Antonio de Espejo (Spanish), Santa Fe\ 
 
 1583. Sir Humphrey Gilbert (English), Newfoundland. 
 
 1584. Philip Amidas and Arthur Barlow for Sir Walter Raleigh 
 
 (English), North Carolina, Roanoke Island. 
 
 1586. Second Raleigh Expedition to Roanoke. 
 
 1587. Virginia Dare, first child of English parents born in terri- 
 
 tory now the United States, at Roanoke. 
 1588. 
 1598. Hakluyt's Voyages published. 
 
 MAKERS OF THE STATES. 
 
 1607. Captain John Smith, Virginia (1580-IJ31), writer and 
 
 leader of colonists at Jamestown. 
 
 1608. Edward Maria Wingfield, writer: "A Discourse of Vir- 
 
 ginia." 
 
 1609. William Strachey, writer, "Wrack and Redemption of Sir 
 
 T. Gates " (alleged source of " The Tempest ") . " His- 
 toric of Travaile into Virginia Britannia." 
 
 1 6 10. 
 
 Sir Thomas W T est, Lord de la Warre, first commissioned 
 lord governor and captain-general of Virginia, wrote 
 " A Short Relation." 
 
HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY EVENTS 
 
 Edward VI, king of England. 
 
 Bloody Mary, queen of England. 
 
 Queen Mary of England marries Philip II of Spain. 
 
 Elizabeth, queen of England. 
 
 Mary Stuart in Scotland. 
 
 Civil war between Catholics and Protestants in France. 
 
 Protestants massacred in France, — St. Bartholomew. 
 
 Titian (Ital., Tiziano Vecellio), Venetian artist (1477-1576). 
 
 Netherlands rebel against Philip II of Spain. 
 
 Plots to murder Elizabeth of England. 
 Murder of the Prince of Orange. 
 
 Spanish Armada sent against England. 
 House of Bourbon on the throne of France. 
 Edict of Nantes. 
 
 HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY EVENTS. 
 
 Virginia settled by the English ; James I on the English throne. 
 Jamestown. 
 
 First church in the United States 
 in Virginia. 
 
 Louis XII, king of France. 
 
MAKERS OF THE STATES 
 
 1613. 
 1614. 
 1615. 
 
 1616. 
 
 16 19. First legislative Assembly in America at Jamestown, Va. 
 
 1620. 
 
 1 62 1. William Bradford, governor of Plymouth Colony. 
 
 1622. Francis Higginson, Massachusetts (1588-1630), writer. 
 Nathaniel Morton, Mass. (1613-1685), writer. 
 
 1623. Ebenezer Cook, Maryland, writer. 
 
 John Cotton, Mass. (1585-165 2), writer. 
 William Wood (1580-1639), writer of New England: 
 " New England's Prospect." 
 
 1625. Nathaniel Ward, Mass. (1578-1653), writer. 
 
 1626. Peter Minuit, first governor of New Netherlands. 
 
 Roger Conant, governor of the Plantation at Salem (Naum- 
 keag). 
 
 1627. Thomas Shepard (1 605-1 649), writer. 
 
 1628. John Endicott, Mass., leader of Massachusetts Bay colony. 
 
 1630. John Winthrop, first resident governor of Massachusetts, 
 under charter. 
 
 ^33- 
 
 1636. Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, also writer. 
 
HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY EVENTS 
 
 Manhattan Island, N.Y., settled 
 by the Dutch. 
 
 Proposals of Spanish marriage 
 
 for Charles I. 
 Death of Shakespeare. 
 
 Plymouth, Mass., settled by the Impeachment of Lord Bacon. 
 
 Puritans. 
 English colony at Cape Ann, 
 
 Roger Conant, governor. 
 Maine, with New Hampshire and Richelieu, prime minister of 
 
 part of Massachusetts, granted France. 
 
 to Ferdinando Gorges and 
 
 John Mason. 
 
 New Amsterdam (New York 
 City) founded by the Dutch. 
 New Jersey settled by Swedes. 
 
 Charles I, king of England ; 
 
 first Parliament dissolved. 
 Siege of Rochelle. 
 
 Settlement of Salem, Mass. 
 
 Boston settled by English, from 
 Salem. 
 
 Maryland settled by English 
 Catholics, sent by Lord Balti- 
 more. 
 
 Rhode Island settled by adher- 
 ents of Roger Williams, exiled 
 from Mass. 
 
 Laud, bishop of London, 
 Murder of Buckingham. 
 War between France and Spain. 
 Post Office for Scotland estab- 
 lished. 
 
 Christian religion prohibited in 
 Japan. 
 
8 MAKERS OF THE STATES 
 
 1638. Thomas Hooker, Conn. (1586-1647), writer. 
 
 1639. John Haynes, first governor of Connecticut, under consti- 
 
 tution. 
 Richard Mather, Mass. (1 596-1 669), writer. 
 1640. 
 1646. Peter Stuyvesant, last Dutch governor or director-general 
 
 of New Netherlands. 
 1649. 
 
 1 65 1. Anne Bradstreet, Mass. (161 2-16 72), writer. 
 1654. Peter Folger, Nantucket Island, writer. 
 
 1658. Benjamin Tompson, Mass. (1640-1714), writer, " New 
 
 England's Crisis." 
 1660. 
 
 1 66 1. Michael Wigglesworth, writer, "Day of Doom." 
 1664. Richard Nicolls, governor of New York. 
 
 1665. 
 
 1667. 
 1669. 
 1670. Sayle, governor of South Carolina. 
 
 1673. 
 
 1674. 
 
 1675- 
 
 1676. "The Burwell Papers." 
 
 1678. Increase Mather, Mass. (1639-1723), writer. 
 
 679. 
 
HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY EVENTS g 
 
 Delaware settled by Swedes. "The Scottish Covenant." 
 
 Harvard College founded. Long Parliament (1640-1660). 
 
 Execution of Charles I. 
 
 North Carolina settled. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Pro- 
 
 tector of England. 
 Cromwell died. 
 
 Settlers from New England in Charles II restored to English 
 North Carolina. throne. 
 
 Postal system for Great Britain. 
 
 New Amsterdam taken by Eng- 
 lish, became province of New 
 York. 
 Newark settled. Great plague and fire in Lon- 
 
 don. 
 Milton's " Paradise Lost ' ' written. 
 Turks take Candia. 
 South Carolina settled by Eng- 
 lish. 
 New York recaptured by Dutch. 
 Discovery of Mississippi River 
 
 by Marquette and Joliet. 
 New York restored to English. 
 King Philip's war. 
 Bacon's rebellion. 
 
 Bunyan's " Pilgrim's Progress " 
 
 written. 
 Titus Oates' popish plot. 
 Habeas Corpus Act passed. 
 
IO MAKERS OF THE STATES 
 
 1682. William Penn, proprietor of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1683. Capt. Benjamin Church, Mass. (1639-17 18), writer. 
 
 1690. First newspaper in New England. 
 1691. 
 
 1700. Cotton Mather, Mass. (1663-1728), writer: " Magnalia 
 
 Christi Americana." 
 1702. Robert Beverly, Va. (1675-17 16), writer: "History of 
 
 Virginia." 
 1725. 
 1732. James Oglethorpe, governor of Georgia. 
 
 *733- 
 
 1738. Cadwallader Golden, N.Y. (1 688-1 776), writer. 
 
 1740. 
 
 1742. James Blair, Va. (1656-1743), writer. 
 
 1744. William Byrd, Va. (1674-1744), writer: " Westover 
 Papers." 
 
 1745 
 1746 
 
 175° 
 I75 1 
 
 1753 
 
 1754 
 
 !755 
 *759 
 
 Jonathan Dickinson, N.J. (b. in Mass.), writer. 
 James Logan, Perm. (1674-1751), writer. 
 
 Congress of the Colonies at Albany. 
 
 Jonathan Edwards, Conn. (1703-1758), writer. 
 
HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY EVENTS \\ 
 
 Pennsylvania settled by Quakers Rye-house plot. 
 
 under William Penn. 
 Philadelphia founded. Turks defeated by the Poles at 
 
 William and Mary College Vienna. 
 
 founded in Va. 
 
 New Hampshire separated from 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Yale College founded in Con- 
 necticut. 
 
 Queen Anne's war — England. 
 
 Peter the Great, king of Russia, 
 George Washington born. died. 
 
 Georgia settled by English. 
 Savannah founded. War of Polish succession. 
 
 War of the Austrian succession. 
 
 Oglethorpe's attack on St. 
 Augustine. 
 
 King George's war. 
 
 First Methodist Conference in 
 
 England. 
 Charles Edward the Pretender 
 lands in Scotland. 
 Princeton College founded in Battles of Falkirk and Cul- 
 New Jersey. loden. 
 
 Ruins of Pompeii discovered. 
 University of Pennsylvania Clive's successes in India. 
 
 founded. 
 Washington's embassy to French 
 
 commander. 
 Washington surrenders at Fort 
 
 Necessity. 
 Braddock's defeat. Seven Years' war. 
 
 Niagara surrendered to English. British Museum opened. 
 
I2 REVOLUTIONARY WAR 
 
 1759- 
 
 1762. Benjamin Franklin, Penn. (1 706-1 790), writer and states- 
 man. 
 
 1766. Richard Bland, Va. (1710-1776), writer: "Inquiry into 
 
 the Rights of the British Colonies." 
 
 1767. John Dickinson, Del. (1 732-1808), writer and statesman : 
 
 " The Farmer's Letters." 
 
 1773- 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 
 
 1775. Battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. 
 Washington made commander-in-chief. 
 Daniel Boone settles in Kentucky. 
 Continental army besieges Boston. 
 Philip Freneau, N.Y. (1 752-1832), writer. 
 
 1776. Declaration of Independence, July 4. 
 Battles of Brooklyn and Trenton. 
 
 Colonies first called " United States," by resolution of 
 
 Congress. 
 Constitution of Virginia adopted. 
 Thomas Paine, writer: "The Crisis." 
 
 1777. Constitution of New York established. 
 
 Battle of Brandywine, and Burgoyne's surrender. 
 Constitution of North Carolina adopted. 
 Washington at Valley Forge. 
 Articles of Confederation adopted. 
 
 1778. Alliance of France with United States. 
 Clarke's expedition into Illinois. 
 
 1779. Alliance of Spain with United States. 
 British besiege Charleston. 
 
 Sullivan's Expedition against the " Six Nations." 
 French and Americans storm Savannah. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 13 
 
 Capture of Quebec ; death of 
 Wolfe and Montcalm. 
 
 Stamp Act Congress. 
 Destruction of tea at Boston. 
 
 James Watt invents steam- 
 engine. 
 
 SIGNERS OF THE DECLA- 
 RATION OF INDEPEND- 
 ENCE. 
 
 Josiah Bartlett, N.H. 
 William Whipple, N.H. 
 Matthew Thornton, N.H. 
 John Hancock, Mass. 
 John Adams, Mass. 
 Samuel Adams, Mass. 
 Robert Treat Paine, Mass. 
 Elbridge Gerry, Mass. 
 Stephen Hopkins, R.I. 
 William Ellery, R.I. 
 Roger Sherman, Conn. 
 Samuel Huntington, Conn. 
 William Williams, Conn. 
 Oliver Wolcott, Conn. 
 William Floyd, N.Y. 
 Philip Livingston, N.Y. 
 Francis Lewis, N.Y. 
 Lewis Morris, N.Y. 
 Richard Stockton, N.J. 
 John Witherspoon, N.J. 
 Francis Hopkinson, N.J. 
 
 CONTEMPORARY EVENTS. 
 
 Project undertaken by Catherine 
 II of Russia to unite the 
 Caspian Sea and the Arctic 
 Ocean. 
 
 The annihilation of Poland 
 agreed on between Catherine 
 II of Russia and Henry of 
 Prussia. 
 
 Joseph II, emperor of Germany. 
 George III, king of England 
 
 (1760-1820). 
 Louis XVI, king of France 
 
 (1774-1792). 
 Death of Chatham (William 
 
 Pitt). 
 Spain unites with France against 
 
 England. 
 Sir William Herschel (1738- 
 
 1822), inventor of telescope. 
 
M 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY WAR 
 
 1780. Constitution of Massachusetts adopted. 
 Charleston surrenders to the British. 
 Andre, British spy, captured. 
 Benedict Arnold escapes. 
 
 1 781. Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. 
 
 1782. Treaty of amity and commerce between United States 
 
 and Holland. 
 Provisional articles of peace agreed upon. 
 
 1783. Independence of United States acknowledged by Sweden. 
 Treaty of amity and commerce with Denmark. 
 
 Spain and Russia acknowledge independence of United 
 
 States. 
 Definitive treaty of peace with Great Britain. 
 
 1784. Dissatisfaction with Articles of Confederation as first 
 
 adopted. 
 Indian title to Northwest Territory extinguished by treaty 
 of Fort Stanwix. 
 
 1785. Death of General Green. 
 
 1786. Shays's Rebellion in Massachusetts. 
 
 Convention called at Annapolis to consider advisability of 
 
 union for benefit of commerce. 
 Delegates from a minority of states met, but adjourned 
 
 for fuller meeting in 1787. 
 
 1787. Insurrection in Massachusetts suppressed. 
 
 Convention to form a Federal Constitution, George Wash- 
 ington, President. 
 
 Constitution completed and submitted to convention in 
 each state 
 
 Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey ratified the Con- 
 stitution of United States. 
 
 1788. Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South 
 
 Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia ratified the Consti- 
 tution. 
 1789. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 15 
 
 John Hart, N J. 
 
 Abraham Clark, N J. 
 
 Robert Morris, Perm. 
 
 Benjamin Rush, Penn. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, Penn. 
 
 John Morton, Penn. 
 
 George Clymer, Penn. 
 
 James Smith, Penn. 
 
 George Taylor, Penn. 
 
 James Wilson, Penn. 
 
 George Ross, Penn. 
 
 Caesar Rodney, Del. 
 
 George Read, Del. 
 
 Thomas McKean, Del. 
 
 Samuel Chase, Md. 
 
 Thomas Stone, Md. 
 
 William Paca, Md. 
 
 Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
 
 Md. 
 George Wythe, Va. 
 Richard Henry Lee, Va. 
 Thomas Jefferson, Va. 
 Benjamin Harrison, Va. 
 Thomas Nelson, Va. 
 Francis Lightfoot Lee, Va. 
 Carter Braxton, Va. 
 William Hooper, N.C. 
 Joseph Hewes, N.C. 
 John Penn, N.C. 
 Edward Rutledge, S.C. 
 Thomas Heyward, Jr., S.C. 
 Thomas Lynch, Jr., S.C. 
 Arthur Middleton, S.C. 
 Button Gwinnett, Ga. 
 Lyman Hall, Ga. 
 George Walton, Ga. 
 
 Hyder Ali invades British pos- 
 sessions in southern India. 
 
 Hyder Ali defeated by the 
 British. 
 
 Gibraltar besieged by the Span- 
 iards without success. 
 
 Inauguration of the famous statue 
 of Peter I in St. Petersburg. 
 
 Preparing for war in the Crimea. 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, painter 
 (1723-1792). 
 
 Contest over the navigation of 
 the Scheldt. 
 
 Treaty of commerce 
 France and Russia. 
 
 between 
 
 Treaty of commerce between 
 
 England and France. 
 Mozart, musician (1 756-1 791). 
 
 Agent sent by Catherine II to 
 renew treaty of commerce 
 between China and Russia. 
 
 New French Constitution. 
 
 Triple Alliance. 
 
!6 FIRST ADMINISTRATION 
 
 FIRST ADMINISTRATION (i 789-1 796). 
 
 1 789. President. — George Washington, Va. 
 Vice President. — John Adams, Mass. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Secretary of State. — Thomas Jefferson, Va. (Sept. 26). 
 Secretary of Treas. — Alex. Hamilton, N.Y. (Sept. 11). 
 Secretary of War. — Henry Knox, Mass. (Sept. 12). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Samuel Osgood, Mass. (Sept. 26). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Edmund Randolph, Va. (Sept. 26). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Jay, N.Y. (1 789— 
 1796). 
 
 GOVERNORS OF THE THIRTEEN STATES IN 1789. 
 
 N.H. — John Sullivan. Del. — Joshua Clayton. 
 
 Mass. — John Hancock. Md. — John E.Howard. 
 
 R.I. — Arthur Fenner. Va. — Beverly Randolph. 
 
 Conn. — Samuel Huntington. N.C. — Samuel Johnston. 
 
 N.Y. — George Clinton. S.C. — Charles Cotes- 
 N.J. — William Livingston. worth Pinckney. 
 
 Penn. — Thomas Mifflin. Ga. — George Walton. 
 
 Royal Tyler, Mass. (175 7-1826), writer : " The Contrast " 
 
 (first acted American drama). 
 John Parke, Del., poet. 
 1790. William Livingston, N.J. (1723-1790), writer: " Philo- 
 sophic Solitude." "A Review of Military Operations 
 in North America from 1753 to 1756." 
 
E VENTS 
 
 17 
 
 EVENTS. 
 
 CONTEMPORARY EVENTS. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 George III, king (1 760-1820). 
 Ethan Allen, Vt., died Feb. 13. William Pitt, prime minister 
 
 (1783-1802). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 First Congress under the new First Republic. 
 
 Constitution met, April. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Washington and Adams inaugu- Germany Proper : 
 
 rated at New York, April 30. Joseph II (1 765-1 79°) • 
 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William II (1786- 
 1790). 
 
 Formation of Judiciary Depart- Bastile destroyed ; the royal 
 men t. family of France brought to 
 
 Paris. 
 
 Convention of North Carolina Constantinople blockaded by 
 ratified the Federal Constitu- the British from February 19 
 tion, November. to March 2. 
 
 Rhode Island accedes to the 
 new Constitution, May 29. 
 
 First census of United States 
 taken. Population 3,929,214. 
 
 "Assumption Bill" passed. 
 
 South Carolina adopted her 
 present constitution. Ben- 
 jamin Franklin died. 
 
 Leopold II, emperor of Ger- 
 many (1 790-1 792). 
 
 Beginning of Jacobin Club in 
 France. Titles of nobility 
 abolished, etc. 
 
FIRST ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1 79 1. Francis Hopkinson, Penn. (i 738-1 791), writer : "A 
 Letter on White-washing." "The Battle of the 
 Kegs." Hymns, Ballads, etc. 
 
 1792. John Witherspoon, N.J. (1 722-1 794), writer: "The 
 Characteristics." " History of a Corporation of Ser- 
 vants." " Serious Inquiry into the Nature and Effects 
 of the Stage." 
 Ezra Stiles, Conn. (1727-1795), writer: "History of 
 Three of the Judges of Charles I." "Diary" and Mis- 
 cellanies. 
 
 1793- Jeremy Belknap, Mass. ( 1 744-1 798), writer : "History 
 of New Hampshire." "Life of Watts. " "American 
 Biographies." "The Foresters." 
 
 1794. Edmund Randolph, Va., Sec. of State (January 2). 
 
 William Bradford, Penn., Attorney-Gen. (January 27). 
 Timothy Pickering, Mass., Postmaster-Gen. (November 7) 
 
 1795. Timothy Pickering, Mass., Sec. of War (January 2). 
 Oliver Wolcott, Conn., Sec. of Treas. (February 3). 
 Joseph Habersham, Ga., Postmaster-Gen. (February 25.) 
 Charles Lee, Va., Attorney-Gen. (December 10). 
 Timothy Pickering, Mass., Sec. of State (December 10). 
 
E VENTS 
 
 19 
 
 Vermont admitted into the 
 Union. 
 
 First Excise Bill. 
 
 Bank of United States incorpo- 
 rated. Mint established at 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Kentucky admitted into the 
 Union. 
 
 Constitutions of Delaware and 
 New Hampshire adopted. 
 
 Washington and Adams re- 
 elected. 
 
 Fugitive Slave Law passed. 
 
 Cotton-gin invented by Eli 
 Whitney, Mass. 
 
 John Hancock died. 
 
 British successes in India. 
 Attempted flight of Louis XVI. 
 
 Leopold II of Germany makes 
 peace with Turkey. 
 
 Tippoo Sahib cedes half his do- 
 minions to England as the 
 price of peace. England 
 sends embassy to China. 
 France declares war against 
 Austria and Prussia. 
 
 In France the Convention, 
 1792-1795. 
 
 Francis II, emperor of Ger- 
 many ( 1 792-1806). 
 
 Louis XVI and Marie Antoi- 
 nette beheaded. Christian 
 religion renounced in France. 
 
 Second partition of Poland. 
 
 Insurrection in western Penn- 
 sylvania. First Embargo Act. 
 General Wayne defeats the 
 Indians at the Miami. 
 
 Jay's Treaty. 
 
 Richard Henry Lee died. 
 
 Treaty of peace concluded with 
 Spain. Treaty of peace be- 
 tween United States and 
 Algiers. 
 
 Francis Marion died. 
 
 Fall of Robespierre. 
 Kosciusko taken prisoner by the 
 Russians. 
 
 War between England and Hol- 
 land. 
 
 Revolutionary Tribunal sup- 
 pressed in France. Direc- 
 tory (i795~ I 799)- 
 
 Final dismemberment of Poland 
 by Russia, Prussia, and Aus- 
 tria. 
 
 Treaties of Basle. 
 
20 SECOND ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1796. James McHenry, Md., Sec. of War (January 27). 
 
 Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Penn. (1 748-1816), writer : 
 " Modern Chivalry." " Ode on the Battle of Bunker 
 Hill." 
 
 SECOND ADMINISTRATION (179 7-1 800). 
 
 1797. President. — John Adams, Mass. 
 
 Vice President. — Thomas Jefferson, Va. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Secretary of State. — Timothy Pickering, Mass. (continued). 
 Secretary of Treas. — Oliver Wolcott, Conn, (continued). 
 Secretary of War. — James McHenry, Md. (continued). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Joseph Habersham, Ga. (continued). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Charles Lee, Va. (continued). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Oliver Ellsworth, 
 Conn. (1 796-1800). 
 
 William Clifton, Penn. (1772-1799), writer : "Chimeriad." 
 " The Group." " Talleyrand's Descent into Hell." 
 
 1798. Benjamin Stoddert, Md., Secretary of Navy (May 21). 
 
 Elizabeth Ferguson, Penn. (1 739-1801), writer : Poetical 
 
 Correspondence. Poetical Translation of Telemaque. 
 Jonathan Mitchell Sewall, Mass. (1 748-1 808), writer: 
 
 "Epilogue to Cato." " Eulogy on Laughing." 
 Joseph Hopkinson, Penn. (1770-1842), writer: "Hail 
 
 Columbia." 
 
E VENTS 
 
 21 
 
 Tennessee, formerly State of 
 Franklin, admitted into the 
 Union. 
 
 Detroit relinquished by the 
 British. 
 
 Anthony Wayne died. 
 
 English take Cape of Good 
 Hope from the Dutch. Use 
 of telegraph in England. 
 Catherine II of Russia died. 
 Napoleon Bonaparte ap- 
 pointed Commander-in-Chief 
 
 Washington's Farewell Address. of the army in Italy. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 George III, king (i 760-1820). 
 William Pitt, prime minister 
 (1783-1802). 
 
 American envoy, Monroe, re- 
 called from France. 
 
 New embassy sent to France. 
 
 Treaty with France annulled 
 July 7- 
 
 Yellow fever in Philadelphia. 
 
 Revenue of the Post Office, 
 
 $46,000. 
 The X. Y. Z. Correspondence. 
 
 Act passed for raising provisional 
 army, with Washington as 
 commander-in-chief. 
 
 Merchant vessels authorized to 
 defend themselves against 
 depredations. 
 
 Alien and sedition laws passed. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 The " Coup d'Etat " of the 18th 
 Fructidor (September 4). 
 
 Napoleon in Italy. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Germany Proper : 
 
 Francis II (179 2-1 806). 
 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William III (179 7- 
 1840). 
 
 Bonaparte establishes demo- 
 cratic government in Venice 
 and Genoa. 
 
 Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt, 
 capturing Malta on the way. 
 
 Pope Pius VI taken prisoner 
 by the French. 
 
 Richard C. Wellesley governor- 
 general in India. 
 
 Nelson's victory over the French 
 in the " Battle of the Nile." 
 
THIRD ADMINISTRATION 
 
 22 
 1798. 
 
 1799. John Blair Linn, Penn. (1 777-1804), writer : "The 
 
 Powers of Genius." "Valerian," etc. 
 Thomas Jefferson, Va. (1 743-1826), writer : " Declaration 
 
 of Independence." " Notes on the State of Virginia." 
 Charles Brockden Brown, Penn. (1771-1810), writer: 
 
 " Arthur Mervyn." "Wieland." " Ormond." "Edgar 
 
 Huntley." " Clara Howard." " Jane Talbot." "The 
 
 Man at Home." 
 
 1800. Samuel Dexter, Mass., Secretary of War (May 3). 
 John Marshall, Va., Secretary of State (May 13). 
 Samuel Dexter, Mass., Secretary of Treasury (Dec. 31). 
 Roger Griswold, Conn., Secretary of War (Feb. 3, 1801). 
 Joel Barlow, Conn. (1 755-181 2), writer: "The Vision 
 
 of Columbus." " The Columbiad." " The Babylonian 
 Captivity." "The Hasty Pudding," etc. 
 Joseph Dennie, Mass. (1768-1812), writer: "The 
 Farmer's Weekly Museum." "The Portfolio." 
 
 THIRD ADMINISTRATION (1801-1808). 
 
 1 80 1 . President. — Thomas Jefferson, Va. 
 Vice President. — Aaron Burr, N.Y. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — James Madison, Va. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Samuel Dexter, Conn, (continued). 
 Sec. of War. — Henry Dearborn, Mass. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Benjamin Stoddert, Md. (continued). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Joseph Habersham, Ga. (continued), 
 Attorney-Gen. — Levi Lincoln, Mass. (March 5). 
 
E VENTS 
 
 23 
 
 Virginia and Kentucky resolu- 
 tions. 
 
 Treaties with Tunis and Prussia. 
 
 American Navy, registers forty- 
 two vessels. 
 
 Patrick Henry died June 6. 
 
 George Washington died Dec. 
 14, aged sixty-seven years. 
 
 Peace with France. 
 
 Provisional army disbanded. 
 
 Seat of government removed 
 from Philadelphia to Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Population of United States, 
 5,305,482. 
 
 Constitution of Kentucky 
 went into effect. 
 
 Mississippi Territory erected 
 into a distinct government. 
 
 Great Irish rebellion. 
 
 French occupation of Switzer- 
 land. 
 
 Bonaparte becomes first consul 
 of France. 
 
 Paul I of Russia declares war 
 
 with France. 
 Battle of Marengo. 
 Pius VII elected pope. 
 
 Armed neutrality of Northern 
 powers. 
 
 The Code Napoleon. 
 
 British Orders in Council affect- 
 ing American commerce. 
 
 First written message sent to 
 
 Congress. 
 War with Tripoli. 
 
 University of Athens, in Georgia, 
 established. 
 
 About two hundred newspapers 
 printed in the United States. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 George III, king (1 760-1820). 
 Rt. Hon. Henry Addington, 
 prime minister (1801-1804). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Consulate (1 799-1 804). 
 Napoleon Bonaparte first con- 
 sul. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Germany Proper: 
 
 Francis II (1 792-1806). 
 
24 
 
 THIRD ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1801. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall, Va. 
 
 (1801-1835). 
 
 Alexander Hamilton, N.Y. (175 7-1 804), writer: Essays, 
 critical, political, etc. Series of papers signed "Ca- 
 millus" and " Pacificus." "The Federalist." 
 
 1802. Albert Gallatin, native of Switzerland, Sec. of Treas. 
 
 (January 26). 
 Robert Smith, Md., Sec. of Navy (January 26). 
 Gideon Granger, Conn., Postmaster-Gen. (January 26). 
 Nathaniel Bowditch, Mass. (1 773-1838), mathematician: 
 
 "The American Practical Navigator." 
 
 1803. Dr. Benjamin Rush, Penn. (1745-1813), writer: Medical 
 
 works. Essays, literary, moral, and scientific. 
 Robert Treat Paine, Jr., Mass. (1 773-1 811), writer: 
 "The Ruling Passion." "Adams and Liberty," "The 
 Invention of Letters." 
 
 1804. Alexander Wilson, Scotland ( 1 766-1813), writer : "Ameri- 
 can Ornithology." " Rab and Ringan, a Tale." Mis- 
 cellaneous poems. 
 Clement C. Moore, N.Y. (1779-1853), "Visit of St 
 Nicholas," etc. 
 
 1805. George Clinton, Vice President (March 4). 
 
 Jacob Crowninshield, Mass., Sec. of Navy (March 2). 
 Robert Smith, Md., Attorney-Gen. (March 3). 
 
 1806. John Breckinridge, Ky., Attorney-Gen. (January 17). 
 David Ramsay, M.D.,b. Penn., settled in S.C. (1 749-1815), 
 
 writer : " History of the Revolution in South Carolina." 
 " History of the American Revolution." " Life of 
 Washington," etc. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 25 
 
 Louisiana ceded to France by 
 
 Spain. 
 Ohio admitted into the Union. 
 New Orleans closed against 
 
 United States merchandise. 
 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William III (1797- 
 
 1840). 
 Union between Great Britain 
 
 and Ireland. 
 Alexander I, czar of Russia. 
 Religious worship restored in 
 
 France. 
 Turkey makes peace with France, 
 
 permitting free navigation of 
 
 the Black Sea. 
 
 Louisiana purchased from France 
 by United States. 
 
 Treaty with Indians at Fort 
 Wayne. 
 
 The frigate " Philadelphia " in- 
 jured and captured by pirates 
 in the harbor of Tripoli. 
 
 Tripoli bombarded by Ameri- 
 cans. 
 
 Alexander Hamilton killed in a 
 duel with Aaron Burr. 
 
 Lewis and Clark's Expedition 
 for exploration of the Missouri 
 (1804-1806). 
 
 Thomas Jefferson re-elected. 
 
 Treaty of peace with Tripoli. 
 
 Pike's Peak visited by Zebulon 
 Pike. 
 
 Disputes with Spain respecting 
 boundaries of Louisiana, and 
 with England and France re- 
 specting neutral rights. 
 
 England renews war with France 
 
 and Holland. 
 Edinburgh Review founded. 
 
 William Pitt, prime minister of 
 England (1 804-1 806). 
 
 Duke d'Enghien executed. 
 
 In France — Empire ( 1 804- 
 1806). 
 
 Napoleon I (Bonaparte), em- 
 peror. 
 
 Battle of Trafalgar. 
 
 Lord Nelson killed. 
 
 Lord Grenville, prime minister 
 of England (1806-180 7). 
 
 Death of William Pitt and 
 Charles James Fox. 
 
 War between Turkey and Russia. 
 
2 6 FOURTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1806. 
 
 1807. Caesar A. Rodney, Del., Attorney-Gen. (January 20). 
 
 Noah Webster, Conn. (1 758-1843), writer : "Grammati- 
 cal Institute of the English Language." " Sketches of 
 American Policy." " Dictionary." 
 
 1808. John Trumbull, Conn. (1 750-1831), writer : " McFingal." 
 
 "The Progress of Dullness." 
 
 FOURTH ADMINISTRATION (1809-18 16). 
 
 1809. President. — James Madison, Va. 
 Vice President. — George Clinton, N.Y. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — Robert Smith, Md. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Albert Gallatin, Penn. (continued). 
 Sec. of War. — William Eustis, Mass. (March 7). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Paul Hamilton, S.C. (March 7). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Gideon Granger, Conn, (continued). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Caesar A. Rodney, Del. (continued). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall, Va. 
 (1801-1835). 
 
 1810. Gouverneur Morris, N.Y. (1752-1816), writer: Political 
 satires, newspaper articles, etc. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 27 
 
 "Cumberland Road" Act 
 passed. 
 
 Aaron Burr's conspiracy. 
 
 First steamboat (Fulton's) on 
 the Hudson River. 
 
 United States frigate " Chesa- 
 peake " attacked by British 
 war vessel. 
 
 Congress passed Embargo Act. 
 
 Francis II of Germany became 
 Francis I of Austria. 
 
 Slave trade abolished by Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Royal family of Portugal emi- 
 grate to Brazil. 
 
 Duke of Portland, prime minis- 
 ter of England (180 7-1 8 10), 
 
 French invade Spain. Joseph 
 
 Bonaparte proclaimed king. 
 Rome seized by the French. 
 
 Embargo Act repealed. 
 "The Henry Letters." 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 George III, king (1 760-1820). 
 Duke of Portland, prime minis- 
 ter (1807-1810). 
 
 Treaty concluded with British 
 envoy not ratified by his gov- 
 ernment. His successor dis- 
 missed by the President. 
 
 All French and English vessels 
 prohibited from entering 
 United States ports. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Empire (1804-18 14), Napoleon 
 I, emperor. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 Austria : 
 
 Francis I (1805-1835). 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William III (1797— 
 1840). 
 Peace ratified between Great 
 
 Britain and the Ottoman Porte. 
 Fifth coalition against France 
 
 by Great Britain and Austria. 
 Hon. Spencer Percival, prime 
 
 minister of England (1810- 
 
 1812). 
 
2 8 FOURTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1810. Henry Lee, Va. (1756-1818), writer: "Memoirs of the 
 War in the Southern Department of the United States," 
 etc. 
 
 181 1. James Monroe, Va., Sec. of State (April 2). 
 
 William Pinkney, Md., Attorney-Gen. (December 11). 
 
 18 1 2. George Clinton, N.Y., Vice President, died April 20. 
 
 Henry Dearborn, Mass., commander-in-chief in war of 
 1812. 
 
 18 13. William Jones, Pa., Sec. of Navy (January 12). 
 John Armstrong, N.Y., Sec. of War (January 13). 
 Elbridge Gerry, Mass., Vice President (March 4). 
 Elbridge Gerry died, November 23. 
 
 18 14. George W. Campbell, Tenn., Sec. of Treas. (February 9). 
 Richard Rush, Pa., Attorney-Gen. (February 10). 
 
 R. J. Meigs, Ohio, Postmaster-Gen. (March 17). 
 James Monroe, Va., Sec. of War (September 27). 
 Alexander J. Dallas, Penn., Sec. of Treas. (October 6). 
 Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Mass., Sec. of Navy (De- 
 cember 17). 
 
 1815. William Jones, Penn., Sec. of Navy (January 12). 
 W. H. Crawford, Ga., Sec. of War (March 3). 
 
 1 81 6. Rev. Timothy Dwight, D.D., Mass. (175 2-1 8 17), presi- 
 dent of Yale College, writer : " Conquest of Canaan." 
 " Theology Explained and Defended." 
 Alexander Graydon, Penn. (1752-1818), writer: "Me- 
 moirs." " Notes of a Desultory Reader." 
 
E VENTS 
 
 29 
 
 Astoria founded. 
 Population of United States, 
 7> 2 39>9Q3- 
 
 Battle of Tippecanoe, Novem- 
 ber 7. 
 
 Steamboat launched on Ohio 
 River at Pittsburg. 
 
 War declared against Great 
 Britain. 
 
 Louisiana admitted into the 
 Union. 
 
 Second Embargo Act passed. 
 
 Buffalo burnt by the British. 
 Perry's victory on Lake Erie. 
 
 Washington captured by the 
 British and burnt. British 
 invade Louisiana ; repulsed 
 at New Orleans. 
 
 Jefferson's Library purchased by 
 Congress. 
 
 Embargo Act of 18 12 repealed. 
 
 Hartford Convention. 
 
 Signal defeat of British at New 
 Orleans. 
 
 War with Algiers. 
 
 Indiana admitted into the Union. 
 
 Colonization Society of United 
 States founded, and Liberia 
 established as a refuge for 
 freed negroes from United 
 States. 
 
 Treaty of commerce and alliance 
 
 between Great Britain and 
 
 the Brazils. 
 Louis of Holland abdicated, 
 
 July 1. 
 George IV regent in England, 
 
 1811. 
 English and French fighting in 
 
 Spain. 
 Earl Liverpool, prime minister 
 
 of England (1812-1827). 
 French campaign in Russia. 
 Burning of Moscow. 
 Peace ratified between Russia 
 
 and Turkey. 
 Wellington clears Spain of the 
 
 French. 
 Jerome of Westphalia abdicates 
 
 October 20. 
 House of Bourbon restored to 
 
 power in France ; Louis 
 
 XVIII, king. 
 Prussians occupy Paris. 
 Ferdinand VII, king of Spain. 
 Napoleon abdicates the throne 
 
 of France. 
 Treaty of Ghent. 
 Germanic confederation formed. 
 Battle of Waterloo. 
 Fall of Napoleon. 
 Holy Alliance. 
 Buenos Ayres independent. 
 
30 
 
 FIFTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1816. David Humphreys, Conn. (1753-1818), writer : " Life of 
 Putnam." "Mount Vernon." "The Monkey who 
 Shaved Himself and his Friends, a Fable," etc., etc. 
 Francis Scott Key, Md. (17 79-1843), writer : "The Star- 
 Spangled Banner." 
 
 FIFTH ADMINISTRATION (1817-1824). 
 
 181 7. President. — James Monroe, Va. 
 
 Vice President. — D. D. Tompkins, N.Y. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — John Quincy Adams, Mass. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — William H. Crawford, Ga. (March 5). 
 Sec. of War. — George Graham, Va. (April 7). 
 Sec. of Navy. — B. W. Crowninshield, Mass. (continued). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — R. J. Meigs, Ohio (continued) . 
 Attorney-Gen. — Richard Rush, Penn. (continued). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall, Va. 
 (1801-1835). 
 
 John C. Calhoun, S.C., Sec. of War (October 8). 
 W. Wirt, Va., Attorney-Gen. (November 13). 
 
 1818. Smith Thompson, N.Y., Sec. of Navy (November 9). 
 Susanna Rowson, Mass. (1 762-1824), writer : " Victoria." 
 
 "Mary; or the Test of Honor." "A Trip to Par- 
 nassus." "Charlotte Temple." "The Volunteers." 
 "Reuben and Rachel." A dictionary and two 
 geographies, etc. 
 
 1819. Samuel Peters, Conn. (1736-1826), writer: "History 
 of Connecticut." 
 
EVENTS 
 
 Baltimore first city in United 
 
 States lighted by gas. 
 Tariff Act passed. 
 National Bank Act passed. 
 
 31 
 
 Erie Canal begun. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 George III, king (1 760-1820). 
 Earl of Liverpool, prime minister 
 (1812-1827). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Mississippi Territory admitted Louis XVIII, king (1814-1824). 
 into the Union. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 Austria : 
 
 Francis I (1806-1835). 
 First Institution for the Deaf Prussia : 
 
 and Dumb established at Frederick William III (1797- 
 Hartford, Conn. 1840). 
 
 Blackwood's Magazine first pub- 
 lished in Edinburgh. 
 
 War with the Seminole Indians. 
 Pensacola taken by General 
 
 Andrew Jackson ; restored to 
 
 Spain by order of United 
 
 States Government. 
 Congress passes resolution in 
 
 favor of internal improvement 
 
 by the government. 
 Illinois admitted into the Union. 
 AlabamaadmittedintotheUnion. 
 First steamship sails for Europe. 
 
 Chile independent. 
 
 Queen Victoria born in May. 
 
 Charles Kingsley born. 
 
32 
 
 SIXTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1820. James McClurg, Va. (1 747-1825), writer: "Medical 
 
 Essays." "The Belles of Williamsburg." "Sequel to 
 
 the Belles of Williamsburg." 
 Joseph Rodman Drake, N.Y. (1795-1820), writer: 
 
 "The Culprit Fay," and other poems. 
 Richard Henry Wilde, Ga. (1 789-1847), poet. 
 
 1821. Lindley Murray, Penn. (1 745-1826), writer : "Power of 
 
 Religion on the Mind." " English Grammar." "Auto- 
 biography," and poems. 
 
 Robert Goodloe Harper, Va. (1765-1825), writer: 
 Speeches, arguments, and letters. 
 
 St. George Tucker, Va. (1 752-1827), writer : "Annotated 
 Edition of Blackstone." Dissertation on Slavery, etc. 
 
 Mason L. Weems, Va. (1 760-1825), writer. 
 1822. 
 
 1823. John McLean, Ohio, Postmaster-Gen. (June 26). 
 John Rogers, Mass., Sec. of Navy (September 1). 
 Samuel L. Southard, N.J., Sec. of Navy (September 16), 
 
 1824. 
 
 SIXTH ADMINISTRATION (1825-1828). 
 
 1825. President. — John Quincy Adams, Mass. 
 Vice President. — John C. Calhoun, S.C. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — Henry Clay, Ky. (March 7). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Richard Rush, Penn. (March 7). 
 
E VENTS 
 
 33 
 
 Convention meets in Massa- 
 chusetts to amend the Con- 
 stitution. 
 
 MissouriCompromise Bill passed 
 
 Maine admitted into the Union. 
 
 Daniel Boone died. 
 
 Florida finally ceded to United 
 States by Spain. 
 
 Missouri admitted into the 
 Union. 
 
 James Monroe re-elected Presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Death of George III and acces- 
 sion of George IV of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 George IV, king of England 
 (1820-1830). 
 
 Mexico independent. 
 
 Victor Emanuel of Sardinia 
 
 abdicates. 
 Greek war of independence 
 
 began. 
 
 The United States recognizes the 
 South American republics. 
 
 " The Monroe Doctrine : " that 
 any attempt by an European 
 power to gain dominion in 
 America will be considered 
 an unfriendly act by the 
 United States. 
 
 Lafayette's visit to the United 
 States. 
 
 The "Era of Good Feeling" 
 (1821-1824). 
 
 Panama Congress. 
 
 Caroline, wife of George IV of 
 
 England, died. 
 Shelley died. 
 Greeks defeat the Turks. 
 Civil war in Spain. 
 Greek victories under Marco 
 
 Bozzaris. 
 
 Death of Lord Byron at Mis- 
 
 solonghi. 
 Provisional government set up 
 
 in Greece. 
 Charles X, king of France 
 
 (1824-1830). 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 George IV, king (1 820-1 830). 
 Earl of Liverpool, prime minister 
 (1812-1827). 
 
34 
 
 SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1825. Sec. of War. — James Barbour, Va. (March 7). 
 
 Sec. of Navy. — Samuel L. Southard, N.J. (continued). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — John McLean, Ohio (continued). 
 Attorney-Gen. — William Wirt, Va. (continued). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall, Va. 
 (1801-1835). 
 
 John Quincy Adams, Mass. (1 767-1848), writer : "Lives 
 
 of Celebrated Statesmen." 
 John M. Mason, N.Y. (1770-1829), writer: Sermons, 
 
 essays, and miscellanies. 
 
 1826. William Wirt, b. in Md. (1 772-1834), writer : "Life of 
 
 Patrick Henry." "The Old Bachelor." "The British 
 Spy." 
 
 1827. Samuel L. Mitchell, L.I. (1764-1831), writer: "History 
 
 of the Botanical Writers of America." " The Fishes of 
 New York." " Pythagoras and Sappho." 
 Isaiah Thomas, Mass. ( 1 749-1 831), writer : "New Eng- 
 land Almanac." " History of Printing." 
 
 1828. John Randolph, of Roanoke, Va. (1 773-1833), writer 
 Orations, letters, etc. 
 
 SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION (1 829-1 836). 
 
 1829. President. — Andrew Jackson, Tenn. 
 
 Vice President. — John C. Calhoun, S.C. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 35 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Controversy concerning lands of Charles X, king (1824 ; de- 
 
 the Creek Indians in Georgia. posed 1830). 
 Erie Canal opened. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Corner-stone of Bunker Hill Austria : 
 
 Monument laid. Francis I (1 806-1 835). 
 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William 111(1797- 
 1840). 
 First passenger railway opened 
 
 in England. 
 Greeks invite the protection of 
 England. 
 John Adams and Thomas Jeffer- John VI, king of Portugal, died, 
 son died the same day, July 4. 
 
 Treaty made with the Creek 
 Indians ceding the Creek 
 lands in Georgia. 
 
 A protective tariff bill passed. 
 
 Rt. Hon. George Canning, 
 prime minister of England 
 (April 24). 
 
 Viscount Goderich (Earl of 
 Ripon), prime minister of 
 England (August 8). 
 
 Battle of Navarino : Turks de- 
 feated by allied French, Eng- 
 lish, and Russian forces. 
 
 Duke of Wellington, prime 
 minister of England (Jan. 8). 
 
 Independence of Greece ac- 
 knowledged. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 George IV, king (1 820-1 830). 
 Duke of Wellington, prime 
 minister (1 828-1 830). 
 
36 
 
 SE VENTH AD MINIS 7 RA TION 
 
 CABINET. 
 
 1829. Sec. of State. — Martin Van Buren, N.Y. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Treas. — S. D. Ingham, Penn. (March 9). 
 Sec. of War. — John H. Eaton, Tenn. (March 9). 
 Sec. of Navy. — John Branch, N.C. (March 9). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — William T. Barry, Ky. (March 9.) 
 Attorney-Gen. — J. McP. Berrien, Ga. (March 9). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall, Va. 
 (1801-1835). 
 
 Thomas Green Fessenden, N.H. (1771-1837), writer: 
 "The Country Lovers." "The Terrible Tractoration," 
 etc. 
 
 1830. Henry Pickering, N.Y. (1781-1831), writer: "The 
 
 Dismantled Cabinet." " The Buckwheat Cake." "The 
 
 House in which I was Born." 
 Abiel Holmes, Mass., b. in Conn. (1763-1837), writer: 
 
 "American Annals." "Life of Dr. Ezra Stiles." 
 
 "Memoirs of the French Protestants." 
 Rev. Aaron Bancroft, Mass. (1 755-1840), writer: "Life 
 
 of George Washington." "Sermons on the Doctrines 
 
 of the Gospel." 
 
 1 83 1. Levi Woodbury, N.H., Sec. of Navy (May 23). 
 Edward Livingston, La., Sec. of State (May 24). 
 Lewis Cass, Mich., Sec. of War (August 1). 
 Louis McLane, Del., Sec. of Treas. (August 8). 
 Roger B. Taney, Md., Attorney-Gen. (December 27). 
 
 1832. William Dunlap, N.J. (1766-1839), writer: "Life of 
 
 Charles Brockden Brown." " History of the American 
 Theatre." " History of the Art of Design in United 
 States." "Memoirs of a Water Drinker." 
 
EVENTS 
 
 37 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Charles X, king (i 824-1 830). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William III (1 797- 
 1840). 
 
 Austria : 
 
 Francis I (1 792-1835). 
 
 Catholic emancipation in Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Treaty of Peace between Russia 
 and Turkey. 
 
 First steam railway in America, 
 from Albany to Schenectady. 
 
 Mormons establish themselves 
 as a church, and settle in 
 Ohio. Book of Mormons 
 published. 
 
 Webster's Reply to Hayne. 
 
 Black Hawk war. 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio railway 
 opened, the first in America 
 for passengers. 
 
 The Southampton insurrection. 
 
 Ex-President Monroe died. 
 
 William IV, king of England 
 
 (1830-1837). 
 Earl Grey, prime minister of 
 
 England (1 830-1 834). 
 Successful French expedition 
 
 against Algiers. 
 Charles X of France retires to 
 
 England. 
 Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans, 
 
 king of France (1 830-1 848). 
 
 Asiatic cholera in England. 
 Belgium separated from the 
 Netherlands. 
 
 Nullification in South Carolina. 
 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 
 
 died. 
 Andrew Jackson re-elected. 
 Compromise Tariff Bill passed. 
 
 Disputed succession in Spain. 
 
 Marriage of Leopold, king of 
 Belgium, to a daughter of 
 Louis Philippe of France. 
 
 Reform Act passed by Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
38 
 
 EIGHTH ADMINISTRA TION 
 
 1833. Louis McLane, Del., Sec. of State (March 29). 
 William J. Duane, Perm., Sec. of Treas. (May 29). 
 Martin Van Buren, Vice President. 
 
 Daniel Webster of Mass. (b. in N.H., 1 782-1852), writer 
 
 Orations. 
 John C. Calhoun, S.C. (1782-1850), writer: Orations. 
 
 1834. Benjamin F. Butler, N.Y., Attorney-Gen. (June 24). 
 John Forsyth, Ga., Sec. of State (June 27). 
 
 Levi Woodbury, N.H., Sec. of Treas. (June 27). 
 Mahlon Dickerson, N.J., Sec. of Navy (June 30). 
 
 1835. Amos Kendall, Ky., Postmaster-Gen. (May 1). 
 
 Henry Clay of Ky. (b. in Va., 1777-185 2), writer 
 Orations. 
 
 1836. Cabinet officers all continued over from 1835. 
 
 John Howard Payne, N.Y. (1 792-1852), author of "Home, 
 Sweet Home." 
 
 EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION (1837-1840). 
 
 1837. President. — Martin Van Buren, N.Y. 
 
 Vice President. — Richard M. Johnson, Ky. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — John Forsyth, Ga. (continued). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Levi Woodbury, N.H. (continued). 
 Sec. of War.— Joel R. Poinsett, S.C. (March 7). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Mahlon Dickerson, N.J. (continued) 
 
EVENTS 
 
 39 
 
 John Randolph of Roanoke 
 died. 
 
 Removal of deposits from U.S. 
 bank to the State banks. 
 
 Senate passes resolution of cen- 
 sure upon Jackson's action. 
 
 Indian Territory organized. 
 
 McCormick's reaping machine 
 invented. 
 
 Seminole war. 
 
 Chief Justice Marshall died. 
 
 Disastrous fire in New York 
 city. 
 
 Question of Executive patron- 
 age debated in Congress. 
 
 Arkansas admitted to the Union. 
 Ex-President Madison died. 
 Patent Office and Post Office at 
 
 Washington destroyed by fire. 
 Right of petition debated in 
 
 Congress. 
 
 Business panic. 
 
 Texas declares her independ- 
 ence of Mexico. 
 
 Massacre at Alamo. 
 
 Michigan admitted to the Union. 
 
 Battle of Okeechobee : Semi- 
 noles routed by General 
 Taylor. 
 
 East India trade thrown open. 
 Sultan seeks aid of Russia 
 
 against Ibrahim Pasha. 
 Magneto-electric machine first 
 
 made by Saxton in London. 
 
 System of national education 
 begun in England. 
 
 Lafayette died, May 20. 
 
 Viscount Melbourne, prime 
 minister of England (July- 
 November) ; Sir Robert Peel 
 (December). 
 
 Carlists' rebellion in Spain. 
 
 Prince Augustus of Portugal 
 marries the queen, and 
 soon after dies. 
 
 Viscount Melbourne, prime min- 
 ister of England ( 1 835-1 84 1 ) . 
 
 Ferdinand I, emperor of Austria 
 (1835-1848). 
 
 Civil war in Spain. 
 
 Murderous attempts on the life 
 of Louis Philippe of France. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Viscount Melbourne, prime 
 minister (1834-1841)0 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Louis Philippe, king (1830- 
 1848). 
 
40 
 
 NINTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1837. Postmaster-Gen. — Amos Kendall, Ky. (continued). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Benjamin F. Butler, N.Y. (continued). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Brooke Taney, 
 Md. (1837-1864). 
 
 1838. James K. Paulding, N.Y., Sec. of Navy (June 20). 
 Felix Grundy, Tenn., Attorney-Gen. (July 7). 
 
 Samuel Woodworth, Mass. (1785-1842), writer: "The 
 Old Oaken Bucket." "The Forest Rose." "The 
 Champions of Freedom." 
 
 1839. Timothy Flint, Mass. (1 780-1 840), writer: "System of 
 Divinity." " Recollections of Ten Years Passed in the 
 Valley of the Mississippi." " Francis Berrian, or The 
 Mexican Patriot." 
 
 William Ellery Channing, R.I. (1 780-1842), writer: 
 Essays on Milton, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Fenelon \ 
 also on "Self-Culture." 
 [840. Nathaniel Beverly Tucker, Va. (1784-1851), writer: 
 " The Partisan Leader." "George Balcombe." "Ger- 
 trude." "Lectures on Government," etc. 
 
 Samuel L. Knapp, Mass. (1 783-1 838), writer: "Bio- 
 graphical Sketches." " Lectures on American Litera- 
 ture." "The Bachelor, and Other Tales." 
 
 Gulian C. Verplanck, N.Y. (1 786-1870), writer: "The 
 Right Moral Influence and Use of Liberal Studies." 
 " The American Student," etc. 
 
 Henry D. Gilpin, Penn., Attorney-Gen. (January 10). 
 
 John M. Niles, Conn., Postmaster-Gen. (May 18). 
 
 NINTH ADMINISTRATION (1841-1844). 
 
 1 84 1. President. — William Henry Harrison, Ohio (b. in Va.). 
 Vice President. — John Tyler, Va. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 41 
 
 American steamer "Carolina" GERMANY, 
 
 attacked and burned by Austria : 
 British. Ferdinand I (1 835-1 848). 
 
 Annular eclipse of the sun. 
 Proclamation forbidding citizens 
 
 of the United States to aid 
 
 insurgent Canadians. 
 "Great Western" first arrives 
 
 at New York. The " Sirius " 
 
 preceded it by one day. 
 Banks suspend specie payment. 
 
 Patriot war in Canada. 
 Coronation of Queen Victoria. 
 Talleyrand died. 
 
 Cabul occupied by the English. 
 
 England makes war on China 
 because the latter refused to 
 allow the smuggling of opium 
 into her dominions. 
 
 Northeastern boundary disputes. 
 
 Cunard steamship line opens 
 between Liverpool and New 
 York. 
 
 Annexation of Texas question 
 (1836-1845). 
 
 "Sub-treasury Bill" passed. 
 
 Marriage of Queen Victoria to 
 Prince Albert. 
 
 Frederick William IV, king of 
 Prussia (1840-1861). 
 
 William I. of Holland abdicated. 
 
 M. Thiers (March 1), M. 
 Guizot (October 29), min- 
 isters of affairs in France. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Sir Robert Peel, prime minister 
 (1841-1846). 
 
42 
 
 NINTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 CABINET. 
 
 1841. Sec. of State. — Daniel Webster, Mass. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Thomas Ewing, Ohio (March 5). 
 Sec. of War.— John Bell, Tenn. (March 5). 
 
 Sec. of Navy. — George E. Badger, N.C. (March 5). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — F. Granger, N.Y. (March 6). 
 Attorney-Gen. — J. J. Crittenden, Ky. 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Brooke Taney, 
 Md. (1837-1864). 
 
 Walter Forward, Penn., Sec. of Treas. (September 13). 
 Abel P. Upshur, Va., Sec. of Navy (September 13). 
 Charles A. Wickliffe, Ky., Postmaster-Gen. (September 13). 
 Hugh S. Legare, S.C., Attorney-Gen. (September 13). 
 John McLean, Ohio, Sec. of War (September 13). 
 John C. Spencer, N.Y., Sec. of War (October 12). 
 
 1842. Joseph Story, Mass. (1 779-1845), writer : "Commentaries 
 
 on the Constitution of the United States." " Lectures 
 on the Science of Government." 
 
 Dr. James Thacher, Mass. (1754-1844), writer: "Ameri- 
 can Medical Biography." " Military Journal during 
 the American Revolution." " Observations on Hydro- 
 phobia," etc. 
 
 Thomas R. Dew, Va. (1802-1846), writer: "Slavery." 
 "Ancient and Modern History." 
 
 Washington Allston, S.C. (1 779-1843), writer and artist: 
 " The Sylphs of the Season." " Monaldi," etc. 
 
 1843. J onn C. Spencer, N. Y., Sec. of Treas. (March 3). 
 Hugh S. Legare, S.C, Sec. of State (May 9). 
 John Nelson, Md., Attorney-Gen. (July 1). 
 
 Abel P. Upshur, Va., Sec. of State (July 24). 
 
 Maria Brooks, Mass. (1795-1845), writer: "Zophiel." 
 
 " Idomen ; or the Vale of Yermuri." " Esther, and 
 
 other Poems." 
 
E VENTS 
 
 43 
 
 Statue of Washington placed in 
 the Capitol at Washington. 
 
 United States Bank again sus- 
 pends payment. 
 
 Attempt to revive U.S. bank 
 under the guise of a " Fiscal 
 Corporation Bill." 
 
 President Harrison died, April FRANCE. 
 
 4, and was succeeded by House of Bourbon-Orleans. 
 John Tyler, vice president. Louis Philippe, king (1830- 
 
 1848). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William IV (1840- 
 1861). 
 Austria : 
 
 Ferdinand I (1 835-1 848). 
 
 Afghans revolt; British army 
 annihilated in the Khyber 
 Pass. 
 
 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, 
 born. 
 
 Dorr's rebellion in Rhode Treaty of peace between Eng- 
 
 Island. land and China ; several 
 
 Northeast boundary between Chinese ports thrown open 
 
 United States and Canadian to British merchants. 
 
 provinces settled (Ashburton 
 
 Treaty). 
 Anti-rent difficulties in New 
 
 York. 
 Rhode Island adopts a new 
 
 constitution enlarging the 
 
 suffrage. 
 
 Bunker Hill Monument com- 
 pleted ; Daniel Webster the 
 orator of the occasion. 
 
 Dr. Whitman makes the journey 
 overland to Oregon. 
 
 Disruption of the Church of 
 
 Scotland. 
 Isabella II, queen of Spain. 
 
44 
 
 TENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1843. Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Mass. (1810-1850), writer: 
 
 " Summer on the Lakes." " Papers on Literature and 
 Art." "Woman in the Nineteenth Century." "At 
 Home and Abroad." 
 
 1844. William Williams, Penn., Sec. of War (February 15). 
 Thomas W. Gilmer, Va., Sec. of Navy (February 15). 
 John Nelson, Md., Sec. of State (February 29). 
 John C. Calhoun, S.C., Sec. of State (March 6). 
 John Y. Mason, Va., Sec. of Navy (March 14). 
 George M. Bibb, Ky., Sec. of Treas. (June 15). 
 
 Lydia Maria Child, Mass. (1802-1882), writer: "Bi- 
 ographies of Good Wives." " Hobomok." " Philothea." 
 " History of the Condition of Women in all Ages." 
 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson, Mass. (1803-1882), writer: 
 " Conduct of Life." " Representative Men." "Essays 
 and Poems," etc. 
 
 Henry D. Thoreau, Mass. (181 7-1862), writer : " Walden, 
 or Life in the Woods," etc. 
 
 TENTH ADMINISTRATION (1 845-1 848). 
 
 1845. President. — James K. Polk, Tenn. (b. in N.C.). 
 Vice President. — George M. Dallas, Penn. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — James Buchanan, Penn. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Robert J. Walker, Miss. (March 5). 
 Sec. of War. — William L. Marcy, N.Y. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Navy. — George Bancroft, Mass. (March 10). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Cave Johnson, Tenn. (March 5). 
 Attorney-Gen. — John Y. Mason, Va. (March 5). 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Brooke Taney, 
 Md. (1837-1864). 
 
 Edgar Allan Poe, Md. (1809-1849), writer: "The 
 / Raven," "The Bells," "Annabel Lee," and other poems 
 
 and prose tales. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 45 
 
 First telegraph line built between 
 Baltimore and Washington, 
 under the superintendence of 
 S. F. B. Morse, its inventor. 
 
 "Fifty-four, forty," a democratic 
 cry in the presidential cam- 
 paign. 
 
 French take possession of the 
 Isle of Tahiti against the 
 wishes of the natives, who 
 preferred the English. 
 
 Oscar, king of Sweden. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 Victoria, queen (1837- 
 Sir Robert Peel, prime minister 
 (1841-1846). 
 
 -)• 
 
 Florida and Texas admitted into 
 
 the Union. 
 War declared against United 
 
 States by Mexico. 
 General Andrew Jackson died. 
 Fremont takes possession of 
 
 California. 
 Cheap postal rates introduced. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Louis Philippe, king (1830- 
 1848). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William IV (1840- 
 1861). 
 
 Austria : 
 
 Ferdinand I (1835-1848). 
 
 Schlegel, the German poet, died. 
 
 Anti-corn-law agitation in Eng- 
 land. 
 
46 
 
 TENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1845. John J. Audubon, La. (1 780-1 851), writer: "Birds of 
 
 America." " Quadrupeds of America." 
 
 1846. John Y. Mason, Va., Sec. of Navy (September 9). 
 Nathan Clifford, Me., Attorney-Gen. (October 17). 
 James K. Paulding, N.Y. (1779-1860), writer: "John 
 
 Bull and Brother Jonathan." "The History of Uncle 
 Sam and His Boys." "The Lay of the Scottish 
 Fiddle." " Letters from the South, by a Northern 
 Man." " Old Times in the New World," etc. 
 Washington Irving, N.Y. (1 783-1859), writer : " Knicker- 
 bocker's New York." "Tales of a Traveler." " Wolf- 
 ert's Roost." "Sketch Book." Lives of Washington, 
 Columbus, Goldsmith, etc. 
 
 1847. James Fenimore Cooper, N.J. (1789-1851), writer: 
 
 " Deerslayer." " The Spy." " Last of the Mohicans." 
 " History of the Navy of the United States." " Lives 
 of American Naval Officers," etc. 
 
 William H. Prescott, Mass. (1 796-1859), writer: "Ferdi- 
 nand and Isabella." "Conquest of Mexico." "Con- 
 quest of Peru." " Philip II." 
 
 William A. Caruthers, Va. (1802-1850), writer: "Cava- 
 liers of Virginia." " The Knights of the Golden Horse- 
 shoe." " The Kentuckian in New York." 
 
 1848. Isaac Toucey, Conn., Attorney-Gen. (June 2). 
 William Gilmore Simms, S.C. (1806-18 70), writer: 
 
 "Martin Faber." "Castle Dismal, or The Bachelor's 
 Christmas." " The Partisan." " Mellichampe." 
 "Katherine Walton." "The Scout." " Beauchampe, 
 a Tale of Kentucky," etc. 
 John P. Kennedy, Md. (1795-1870), writer: "The 
 Red Book." "The Swallow Barn." "Horseshoe 
 Robinson." "The Annals of Quodlibet." "Life of 
 William Wirt." " Mr. Ambrose's Letters on the 
 Rebellion." 
 
EVENTS 
 
 47 
 
 Battle of Palo Alto, Mexico. 
 War declared against Mexico. 
 Iowa admitted into the Union. 
 Smithsonian Institution organ- 
 ized. 
 Annexation of California and 
 New Mexico to the United 
 States. 
 Wilmot proviso. 
 Sewing machine invented by 
 
 Elias Howe. 
 Oregon question settled by 
 
 treaty with Great Britain. 
 Battles of Buena Vista and Cerro 
 
 Gordo. 
 Mexico sues for peace, Septem- 
 ber 14. 
 Hoe's printing press invented. 
 
 The Afghans ally themselves 
 with the Sikhs against the 
 British. 
 
 Corn-laws repealed in England. 
 
 Civil war in Switzerland. 
 
 Irish famine. 
 
 Mendelssohn, German musician, 
 
 died. 
 Jerome Bonaparte returns to 
 
 France after thirty-two years' 
 
 exile. 
 Kingdom of Poland made a 
 
 Russian province. 
 
 Treaty of peace with Mexico. 
 Wisconsin admitted into the 
 
 Union. 
 John Quincy Adams died. 
 
 Gold discovered in California. 
 Mormons emigrate to Utah. 
 
 Ferdinand I of Austria resigns 
 imperial throne ; succeeded 
 by Francis Joseph I, after- 
 wards emperor of Austria and 
 king of Hungary. 
 
 Revolution and war in Hungary. 
 
 Louis Kossuth, leader of revolu- 
 tionists. 
 
 Civil war in Switzerland ; expul- 
 sion of Jesuits. 
 
48 ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1848. Richard Henry Dana, Sr., Mass. (1 787-1879), writer : 
 
 " The Buccaneer." " Tom Thornton." " The Idle 
 Man," and other essays. 
 George B. Cheever, Me. (1807-1890), writer: "Ameri- 
 can Commonplace Book of Prose." 
 
 ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION (1849-1852). 
 
 1849. President. — Zachary Taylor, La. (b. in Va.). 
 Vice President. — Millard Fillmore, N.Y. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — John M. Clayton, Del. (March 7). 
 Sec. of Treas. — William M. Meredith, Penn. (March 7). 
 Sec. of War. — George W. Crawford, Ga. (March 7). 
 Sec. of Navy. — William B. Preston, Va. 
 Sec. of Interior. — Thomas Ewing, Ohio (March 7). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Jacob Collamer, Vt. (March 7). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Reverdy Johnson, Md. (March 7). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Brooke Taney, 
 Md. (1837-1864). 
 
 Archibald Alexander, Va. (1 772-1851), writer: "Evi- 
 dences of Christianity." "History of Colonization on 
 the W 7 est Coast of Africa." " History of the Israelitish 
 Nation." 
 
 1850. Daniel Webster, Mass., Sec. of State (July 20). 
 Thomas Corvvin, Ohio, Sec. of Treas. (July 20). 
 William A. Graham, N.C., Sec. of War (July 20). 
 James A. Pearce, Md., Sec. of Interior (July 20). 
 N. K. Hall, N.Y., Postmaster-Gen. (July 20). 
 John J. Crittenden, Ky., Attorney-Gen. (July 20). 
 T. McKennan, Penn., Sec. of Interior (August 15). 
 Alexander H. H. Stuart, Va., Sec. of Interior (Sept. 12). 
 
EVENTS 
 
 49 
 
 In France, Provisional govern- 
 ment, February to December. 
 
 French republic — Louis Napo- 
 leon president, December 20. 
 
 Public debt of United States, 
 $63,061,858. 
 
 "Vigilants" in California set up 
 an independent government. 
 
 Rush of gold-seekers to Cali- 
 fornia — " forty-niners." 
 
 General Taylor died, July 9. 
 California admitted into the 
 
 Union. 
 Passage of the Omnibus Bill. 
 Attempt of a few adventurers to 
 
 seize Cuba and annex to 
 
 United States. 
 Fugitive slave law passed. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Lord John Russell, prime min- 
 ister (1846-185 2). 
 FRANCE. 
 Louis Napoleon, president of 
 French republic. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William IV (1840- 
 1861). 
 Austria : 
 
 Francis Joseph I (1848- 
 
 — )• 
 
 Frederick Francis Chopin, Po- 
 lish musician, died. 
 
 Hungary declares itself free — 
 Kossuth governor — but is 
 overcome by Austria and 
 Russia. 
 
 Honore de Balzac, French 
 novelist, died. 
 
 Louis Philippe died in England. 
 
 Wordsworth, English poet, died, 
 April 23, aged 80 years. 
 
5o 
 
 T WELFTH AD MINIS TRA TION 
 
 1850. Joel R. Poinsett, S.C. (1779-1851), writer: "Notes on 
 
 Mexico." " Essays and Orations on Practical Subjects." 
 Andrews Norton, Mass. ( 1786-185 2), writer : "Genuine- 
 ness of the Gospel." Poems, hymns, etc. 
 
 1851. William Ware, Mass. (1797-1852), writer: "Zenobia." 
 
 "Julian." " Probus." "Letters from Palmyra." 
 " Sketches of European Capitals." " Lectures on 
 Allston." 
 Francis Robert Goulding, Ga. (1810-1881), writer: 
 "Young Marooners," etc. 
 
 Eliza Leslie, Penn. (1 787-1858), writer : "Cook Book." 
 "Juvenile Stories." "Mrs. Washington Potts." 
 " Althea Vernon," etc. 
 
 Horace Mann, Mass. (1 796-1859), writer : Speeches and 
 lectures on education. 
 
 Samuel G. Goodrich (Peter Parley), Conn. (1 793-1 860), 
 writer : Universal history, pictorial histories of Eng- 
 land, France, Greece, Rome, and the United States. 
 
 1852. John P. Kennedy, Md., Sec. of War (July 22). 
 Samuel D. Hubbard, Conn., Postmaster-Gen. (August 3). 
 Edward Everett, Mass., Sec. of State (December 9). 
 George P. Morris, Penn. (1802-1864), writer: "Briar 
 
 Cliff." "The Deserted Bride." "Woodman, Spare 
 that Tree." " The Little Frenchman and His Water 
 Lots." 
 N. P. Willis, Me. (1806-1867), writer: "Letters from 
 under the Bridge." "Two Ways of Dying for a 
 Husband." "Hurry-Graphs." "Out-doors at Idle- 
 wild." " Paul Fane." " Pencillings by the Way," etc. 
 
 TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION (185 3-1 85 6). 
 
 1853. President. — Franklin Pierce, N.H. 
 
 Vice President. — William R. King, Ala. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 51 
 
 John C. Calhoun died. 
 
 Webster's "Seventh of March 
 Speech" on the Compromise 
 measure. 
 
 Library of Congress burned. 
 
 Destruction of Minot's Ledge 
 Lighthouse. 
 
 Southern Rights Association 
 meets at Charleston, S.C. 
 
 Yacht " America " wins the in- 
 ternational cup. 
 
 Scottish poet, Joanna Baillie, 
 died. 
 
 Electric telegraph opened be- 
 tween France and England. 
 
 Great exhibition, "Crystal Pal- 
 ace," England. 
 
 Gold discovered in Australia. 
 "Coup d'Etat" at Paris. 
 
 Louis Kossuth made tour of the 
 
 United States. 
 Henry Clay died. 
 Daniel Webster died. 
 The " Cuban Question." 
 "Know-nothing" party comes 
 
 into existence. 
 " Bulwer- Clayton Treaty." 
 
 Froebel, founder of the Kinder- 
 garten, died. 
 
 Thomas Moore, poet, died, 
 February 26. 
 
 Duke of Wellington died. 
 
 Burmese war. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Earl of Aberdeen, prime minis- 
 ter (1852-1855). 
 
52 
 
 TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 CABINET. 
 1853. Sec. of State. — William L. Marcy, N.Y. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — James Guthrie, Ky. (March 5). 
 Sec. of War. — Jefferson Davis, Miss. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Navy. — James C. Dobbin, N.C. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Interior. — Robert McClelland, Mich. (March 5). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — James Campbell, Penn. (March 5). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Caleb Cushing, Mass. (March 5). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Brooke Taney, 
 Md. (1837-1864). 
 
 William C. Redfield, Conn. (1789-185 7), writer: Author 
 of the circular theory of storms, and other scientific 
 observations. 
 
 1854. Henry Reed, Penn. (1808-1854), writer: "Lectures on 
 
 English Literature." "Lectures on History, as illus- 
 trated by Shakespeare." 
 Calvin Colton, Mass. (1789-1857), writer: "A Manual 
 for Emigrants to America." "The Americans, by an 
 American in London." "The American Cottager." 
 " Church and State in America." 
 
 1855. Dr. James G. Percival, Conn. (1795-1856), writer: 
 
 " Zamor." " Clio." " Prometheus." " Maria, the 
 Village Girl." 
 
 James W. Alexander, N.J. (1804-1859), writer: "The 
 American Mechanic and Working Man." " Consola- 
 tion." "Thoughts on Family Worship," etc. 
 
 Charles Hodge, Penn. ( 1 797—1878), writer: Commen- 
 taries on Romans, Ephesians, First and Second Corin- 
 thians. "Systematic Theology." " The Way of Life." 
 "What is Darwinism," etc. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 53 
 
 First corps of engineers sent 
 out to explore route for the 
 Pacific railroad. 
 
 Commodore Perry's expedition 
 to Japan with overtures for 
 commercial intercourse. 
 
 The World's Fair, or Crystal 
 Palace, opened in New York. 
 
 Treaty with Japan. 
 
 American vessel, " Black War- 
 rior," seized at Havanna. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Napoleon III, emperor (1852- 
 1870). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William IV (1840- 
 1861). 
 Austria : 
 
 Francis Joseph I (1848- 
 
 — )• 
 
 Santa Anna president of Mexico. 
 
 Protocol signed by England, 
 France, Austria, and Prussia 
 for re-establishment of peace 
 between Turkey and Russia. 
 
 Kitto, Biblical scholar in Eng- 
 land, died. 
 
 Crimean war (185 3-1 85 6). 
 Siege of Sebastopol begun. 
 
 Political disturbances in Kansas. Revolution in Mexico ; Alvarez 
 
 becomes president. 
 Industrial exhibition at Paris. 
 
 Death of Nicholas, czar of 
 
 Russia. 
 Alexander II, czar of Russia. 
 
54 
 
 THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1855. Rufus W. Griswold, Vt. (1815-1857), writer : " Poets and 
 
 Poetry of America." " Prose Writers of America." 
 " Female Poets of America." 
 
 1856. Jared Sparks, Conn. (1794-1866), writer: "The Diplo- 
 
 matic Correspondence of the American Revolution." 
 " Life of Benjamin Franklin." " Library of American 
 Biography." " Writings of Washington." 
 
 George Bancroft, Mass. (1800-1891), writer: "History 
 of the United States." " Literary and Historical Mis- 
 cellanies." 
 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe, Conn. (1812-1896), writer: 
 "Uncle Tom's Cabin." "Oldtown Folks." "Minis- 
 ter's Wooing." " Little Foxes." " House and Home 
 Papers," etc. 
 
 THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION (185 7-1 860) 
 
 1857. President. — James Buchanan, Penn. 
 
 Vice President. — J. C. Breckinridge, Ky. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — Lewis Cass, Mich. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Howell Cobb, Ga. (March 6). 
 Sec. of War. — John B. Floyd, Va. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Isaac Toucey, Conn. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Interior. — Jacob Thompson, Miss. (March 6). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Aaron V. Brown, Tenn. (March 6). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Jeremiah S. Black, Penn. (March 6). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Brooke Taney, 
 Md. (1837-1864). 
 
 Joseph E.Worcester, Mass. (1784-1865), lexicographer : 
 " Dictionary." 
 
EVENTS 
 
 55 
 
 Ohio River frozen over from De- Heinrich Heine, the German 
 
 cember 24 to February 6. poet, died. 
 
 Dred Scott Case. England declares war against 
 
 Potomac River frozen over. China and against Persia. 
 Walker's filibustering expedition. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Viscount Palmerston, prime 
 minister (1855-1858). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Minnesota admitted into the Napoleon III, emperor (1852- 
 Union. 1870). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 Mormon rebellion. Prussia : 
 
 Frederick William IV (1840- 
 1861). 
 Oregon Constitutional Conven- Austria : 
 
 tion. Francis Joseph I (1848- 
 
 — )• 
 
56 
 
 7 III A' TEENTH AD MINIS TRA TION 
 
 1857. Joseph Addison Alexander, NJ. (1809-1859), writer: 
 
 Commentaries on Psalms, Isaiah, Acts, etc. " Primitive 
 Church Government," etc. 
 
 1858. Edward Robinson, Conn. (1 794-1863), writer: "Pales- 
 
 tine, Past and Present," etc. 
 Lydia Huntley Sigourney, Conn. (1 791—1865), writer: 
 "Tales and Essays for Children." "Moral Pieces in 
 Prose and Verse." " Letters to Young Ladies." 
 
 C. J. Ingersoll, Penn. (1782-1862), writer: "Rights and 
 Wrongs, Power and Policy of the United States of 
 America." " Inchiquin's Letters." 
 
 Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, Ga. (1822-1862), writer: 
 " History of Slavery." " Law of Slavery," etc. 
 
 William Wetmore Story, Mass. (1 819-1895), poet and 
 sculptor. 
 
 1859. Joseph Holt, Ky., Postmaster- Gen. (July 6). 
 Catherine M. Sedgwick, Mass. (1789-1867), writer: 
 
 " Stories for Young Persons." " Tales and Sketches of 
 Home." 
 
 D. P. Thompson, Vt. (1 795-1868), writer : " May Martin ; 
 or, The Money Diggers." "The Green Mountain 
 
 Boys." " Locke Amsden." " The Rangers." 
 James Hall, Penn. (1793-1868), writer: "Sketches of 
 
 History, Life and Manners in the West." " Legends 
 
 of the West." " Border Tales." 
 [860. Philip F. Thomas, Md., Sec. of Treas. (December 9). 
 Jeremiah S. Black, Penn., Sec. of State (December 17). 
 Edwin M. Stanton, Ohio, Attorney-Gen. (December 20). 
 Joseph Holt, Ky., Sec. of War (December 30). 
 Edward Everett, Mass. (1 794-1 865), writer: "Dirge of 
 
 Alaric." Orations. 
 Theodore Winthrop, Conn. (1828-1861), writer: "Cecil 
 
 Dreeme." "John Brent." " March of the Seventh." 
 Matthew F. Maury, Va. (1806-1873), writer: "Physical 
 
 Geography." " Geography of the Sea," etc. 
 John A. Dix, N.Y., Sec. of Treas. (January 10, 1861). 
 
EVENTS 
 
 57 
 
 Discovery of gold in Colorado, 
 and silver in Nevada. 
 
 First Atlantic cable laid, New- 
 foundland to Valentia Bay, 
 Ireland. 
 
 John Brown's raid. 
 
 Oregon admitted into the Union. 
 
 Sepoy rebellion in India. 
 Massacre of Cawnpore. 
 Commercial panic in England. 
 Benito Juarez president of 
 
 Mexico, and acknowledged 
 
 by the United States. 
 Separation of Church and State 
 
 in Mexico. 
 Marriage of the Princess Royal 
 
 of England to Frederick 
 
 William of Prussia. 
 India transferred to the Govern- 
 ment of Great Britain. 
 Earl of Derby, prime minister of 
 
 England (1858-1859). 
 Cable laid between Suez and 
 
 Aden. 
 Macaulay died. 
 
 William H. Prescott and Wash- 
 ington Irving died. 
 
 The Lecompton Constitution 
 (Kans.) adopted. 
 
 Lords Palmerston and Russell 
 prime ministers of England 
 (1859-1865). 
 
 Japanese embassy received at 
 
 Washington. 
 South Carolina secedes from 
 
 the Union, December 20th. 
 Major Anderson of United States 
 
 army occupies Fort Sumter. 
 Mississippi secedes Jan. 9, 1861. 
 Florida secedes Jan. 10, 1861. 
 Alabama secedes Jan. 11, 1861. 
 Georgia secedes Jan. 19, 1861. 
 Louisiana secedes Jan. 26, 1S61. 
 
 Sir William Napier, British 
 soldier and writer, died. 
 
 Peace signed between England 
 and China. 
 
 Garibaldi in Sicily. 
 
58 FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1 860. Horatio King, Me., Postmaster-Gen. (February 1 2, 1 86 1 ) . 
 Thomas Buchanan Read, Penn. (1822-1872), poet: 
 " Sheridan's Ride," etc. 
 
 FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION (1861-1868). 
 
 1 86 1. President. — Abraham Lincoln, 111. 
 
 Vice President. — Hannibal Hamlin, Me. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State.— William H. Seward, N.Y. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — Salmon P. Chase, Ohio (March 5). 
 Sec. of War. — Simon Cameron, Penn. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Gideon Welles, Conn. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Interior. — Caleb B. Smith, Ind. (March 5). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Montgomery Blair, Md. (March 5). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Edward Bates, Mo. (March 5). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 
 
 Roger Brooke Taney, Md. (183 7-1 864). 
 Salmon P. Chase, Ohio (1864-1873). 
 
 Richard Hildreth, Mass. ( 180 7-1 865), writer : "History 
 of United States." " Theory of Politics." 
 
 A. B. Meek (1814-1865), writer: "Balaklava." "The 
 Red Eagle." " Romantic Scenes in Southwestern His- 
 tory." 
 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Mass. (1809-1894), writer: 
 " Autocrat of the Breakfast Table." " The Professor at 
 the Breakfast Table," etc. 
 
EVENTS 
 Texas secedes February i, 1861. 
 
 59 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES OF 
 AMERICA. 
 Organized in February, 1 86 1. 
 President. — Jefferson Davis, 
 
 Miss. 
 Vice President. — Alexander H. 
 Stephens, Ga. 
 
 CABINET. 
 
 Sec. of State. — Robert Toombs, 
 Ga. 
 
 Sec. of Treas. — C. G. Mem- 
 minger, S.C. 
 
 Sec. of War. — Leroy P. Walker, 
 Ala. 
 
 Sec. of Navy. — S. R. Mallory, 
 Fla. 
 
 Postmaster-Gen. — J. H. Rea- 
 gan, Tex. 
 
 Attorney-Gen. — Judah P. Ben- 
 jamin, La. 
 
 President Lincoln called for 
 75,000 men to coerce the 
 seceded States. 
 
 Five more states withdrew from 
 the Union. 
 
 Kansas and West Virginia ad- 
 mitted into the Union. 
 
 Fort Sumter fired on, April 1 2. 
 
 Battle of Bull Run, July 21. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Palmerston-Russell ministry 
 (1859-1865). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Napoleon III, emperor (1852- 
 1870). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 Prussia : 
 
 William I (1861-1888). 
 
 Victor Emmanuel declared king 
 of Italy. 
 
 Death of the Prince Consort of 
 
 England. 
 Garibaldi declined a command 
 
 in United States army. 
 Gatling guns invented. 
 Emancipation of the serfs in 
 
 Russia. 
 
6o FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1862. Edwin M. Stanton, Sec. of War (January 22). 
 Frederick S. Cozzens, N.Y. (1818-1869), writer: 
 
 " Sparrowgrass Papers.' 
 Charles F. Browne (Artemus Ward), Me. (1834-186 7), 
 humorist. 
 
 1863. John P. Usher, Ind., Sec. of Interior (January 8). 
 
 J. Lothrop Motley, Mass. (1814-1877), writer: "History 
 of the United Netherlands." "Rise of the Dutch 
 Republic." " Life and Times of John Barneveldt." 
 
 Samuel Austin Allibone, Perm. (1816-1889), writer: 
 "Critical Dictionary of English Literature." 
 
 1864. William P. Fessenden, Me., Sec. of Treas. (July 1). 
 William Dennison, Ohio, Postmaster-Gen. (September 24) 
 James Speed, Ky., Attorney-Gen. (December 2). 
 Fitz-Green Halleck, Conn. (1 790-1867), writer: "Marco 
 
 Bozzaris." "Field of the Grounded Arms." "Burns," 
 etc. 
 
 1865. Hugh McCulloch, Ind., Sec. of Treas. (March 7). 
 Andrew Johnson, Tenn., Vice President. 
 
 James Harlan, la., Sec. of Interior (May 15). 
 
 Alice Cary, Ohio (1820-1870), writer: " Clovernook." 
 "Hager." " Married, not Mated." 
 
 Phcebe Cary, Ohio (1 824-1871), writer : " Nearer Home." 
 
 James R. Randall, Md. (1843 ), writer : "Mary- 
 land, My Maryland." 
 
 Maurice Thompson, Ind. (1844 ), writer: "By- 
 Ways and Bird Notes," etc. 
 
 1866. O. H. Browning, 111., Sec. of Interior (July 27). 
 Alexander W. Randall, Wis., Postmaster-Gen. (July 25). 
 H. F. Stansberry, Ky., Attorney-Gen. (July 2^). 
 George D. Prentice, Conn. (1802-1869), writer: "The 
 
 Tempest." " Essays." "The Flight of Years," etc. 
 Jacob Abbott, Me. (1803-18 79), History and Stories. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 61 
 
 Battle of the Monitor and the 
 
 Merrimac, March 9. 
 First issue of greenbacks. 
 
 Emancipation proclamation. 
 Death of Stonewall Jackson. 
 Battle of Gettysburg. 
 Habeas Corpus Act suspended, 
 September 15. 
 
 Nevada admitted into the Union. 
 
 Antonio Lopez, dictator of Para- 
 guay, died. 
 
 Edward Leopold von Bismarck, 
 Prussian minister of foreign 
 affairs. 
 
 Ismail, pasha of Egypt. 
 
 French captured city of Mexico. 
 
 Prince of Wales married Alex- 
 andra of Denmark. 
 
 Frederick VII, king of Den- 
 mark, died. 
 
 William M. Thackeray died. 
 
 Archduke Maximilian made 
 emperor of Mexico. 
 
 Schleswig-Holstein war s 
 
 Petersburg and Richmond evac- 
 uated. 
 
 Lee's army surrendered, April 9. 
 
 President Lincoln assassinated, 
 April 15. 
 
 Andrew Johnson President. 
 
 Joseph E. Johnston's army sur- 
 rendered. 
 
 Jefferson Davis captured. 
 
 Volunteers of United States 
 army disbanded. 
 
 Laying of the Atlantic cable 
 accomplished. 
 
 Elizabeth Gaskell, English writer, 
 
 died. 
 Earl Russell, prime minister of 
 
 England (November 6, 1865- 
 
 July 6, 1866). 
 Rebellion in Jamaica. 
 
 United States secured the with- 
 drawal of French troops from 
 Mexico. 
 
 Earl of Derby, prime minister of 
 England (July 6, 1866). 
 
 Seven Weeks' war between 
 Prussia and Austria. 
 
6 2 FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1867. Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (1815-1882), writer: "Two 
 
 Years before the Mast," etc. 
 
 1868. Archibald Alexander Hodge, N.J. (1823-1886), writer: 
 
 "Outlines of Theology." "The Atonement." "Pres- 
 byterian Doctrine Briefly Stated." 
 
 John M. Schoneld, N.Y., Sec. of War (June 2). 
 
 Edward Everett Hale, Mass. (1822 ), writer: 
 
 " Story of Massachusetts," etc. 
 
 John A. Broadus, Ky. (1827-1895), writer: "Preparation 
 and Delivery of Sermons," etc. 
 
 FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION (1869-1876) 
 
 1869. President. — U. S. Grant, Ohio. 
 
 Vice President. — Schuyler Colfax, N.Y. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — Hamilton Fish, N.Y. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — George S. Boutvvell, Mass. (March 5). 
 Sec. of War. — John M. Schoneld, N.Y. (continued). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Adolph E. Borie, Penn. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Interior. — Jacob D. Cox, Ohio (March 5). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — J. A. J. Cresswell, Md. (March 5). 
 Attorney-Gen. — E. R. Hoar, Mass. (March 5). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 
 Salmon P. Chase, Ohio (1864-18 73). 
 Morrison R. Waite, Conn. (1 874-1 
 
 John A. Rawlins, Sec. of War (March 12). 
 George M. Robeson, N.J., Sec. of Navy (June 25). 
 W. W. Belknap, la., Sec. of War (October 13). 
 1870. Columbus Delano, Vt., Sec. of Interior (November 1). 
 
 Henry W. Shaw (Josh Billings), Mass. (1S20-1885), 
 humorist. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 63 
 
 Purchase of Alaska. 
 
 Nebraska admitted into the 
 
 Union. 
 Seceded States readmitted into 
 
 the Union. 
 Impeachment of President 
 
 Johnson. 
 Treaty with China. 
 
 Maximilian defeated and shot 
 in Mexico. 
 
 Benjamin Disraeli, prime minis- 
 ter of England (February 27). 
 
 William E. Gladstone, prime 
 minister of England (Dec. 9). 
 
 Queen Isabella II driven from 
 the throne of Spain. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 William Evvart Gladstone, prime 
 minister (1868-1874). 
 
 Pacific railroad completed. 
 The Jay Gould monetary panic. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Napoleon III, emperor (1852- 
 1870). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 William I, emperor (1 86 1-1 
 
 Suez Canal opened. 
 Disestablishment of the Irish 
 Church. 
 
 Fifteenth amendment announced 
 
 as part of the Constitution. 
 Death of General Robert E. Lee. 
 
 Franco-German war (1870- 
 
 1S71). 
 Third republic in France. 
 
6 4 
 
 FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1870. Louis Agassiz, Switzerland (1807-1873), writer: Contri- 
 
 butions to the Natural History of the United States. 
 Charles H. Smith (Bill Arp), Ga. (1826 ), humorist. 
 
 1871. William Cullen Bryant, Mass. (1 794-1878), writer: 
 
 "Thanatopsis." "The Embargo." "The Ages." 
 " History of United States," etc. 
 
 Richard Grant White, N.Y. (1821-1885), essayist. 
 
 Alexander H. Stephens, Ga. (1812-1883), writer : "His- 
 tory of the War between the States." 
 
 Richard Malcolm Johnston, Ga. (1822 ), novelist. 
 
 1872. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mass. (1804-1864), writer: 
 
 "Tanglewood Tales." "Mosses from an Old Manse." 
 "House of the Seven Gables." "Marble Faun." 
 "The Scarlet Letter," etc. 
 J. T. Trowbridge, N.Y. (1827 ), novelist. 
 
 1873. Henry Wilson, Mass., Vice President. 
 
 H. T. Tuckerman, Mass. (1813-1871), writer: "Italian 
 Sketch Book." "Artist Life." "Thoughts on the 
 Poets." "Characteristics of Literature." Essays, 
 biographical and critical. 
 
 John Le Conte, Ga. (1818-1891), scientist. 
 
 1874. B. H. Bristow, Ky., Sec. of Treas. (June 3). 
 Marshall Jewell, Conn., Postmaster-Gen. (August 24). 
 
 James Wood Davidson, S.C. (1829 ), historian. 
 
 Benjamin P. Shillaber (Mrs. Partington), b. in N.H. 
 
 (1814-1891), humorist. 
 
 1875. Edwards Pierrepont, N.Y., Attorney-Gen. (April 26). 
 Zachariah Chandler, Mich., Sec. of Interior (October 19). 
 John L. Le Conte, Cal. (1 825-1 883), scientist. 
 
 Mark Hopkins, Mass. (1802-188 7), writer : " Lectures on 
 Evidences of Christianity." "The Laws of Love, and 
 Love as Law." 
 
 1876. Susan Warner, N.Y. (1819-1885), writer: "Wide, Wide 
 
 World." "Queechy." "Daisy." "Old Helmet." 
 " Melbourne House," etc. 
 
£ VENTS 
 
 65 
 
 Chicago fire. 
 
 Damages recovered from Eng- 
 land on account of the Ala- 
 bama and other Confederate 
 
 cruisers. 
 
 Government of national defense 
 
 in France (1870-1871). 
 Paris famine. 
 Battle of Amiens. 
 Louis A. Thiers president of 
 
 France (1871-1873). 
 Bismarck first chancellor of 
 
 German Empire. 
 Stanley finds Livingstone at 
 
 Ujiji in Africa. 
 
 Great fire in Boston. 
 
 Death of Horace Greeley. 
 
 Credit Mobilier investigation. 
 
 Death of Professor Morse, in- 
 ventor of the telegraph. 
 
 Railroad panic. 
 
 War with the Modoc Indians. 
 
 Chief Justice Chase died. 
 
 Hiram Powers, American sculp- 
 tor, died. 
 
 Difficulties in Louisiana over the 
 gubernatorial election. 
 
 Slave emancipation in Brazil. 
 Amadeus, king of Spain (1871- 
 1873). 
 
 Marshal MacMahon president 
 of France (1 873-1 879). 
 
 Germans evacuate France. 
 
 Livingstone died in Africa. 
 
 Guizot, statesman and historian, 
 of France, died. 
 
 Benjamin Disraeli (Earl of 
 Beaconsfield), prime minister 
 of England (February 21, 
 1874). 
 
 Fiji Islands formally annexed 
 to Great Britain. 
 
 Colorado admitted into the Sources of the Nile discovered. 
 Union — the thirty-eighth General Diaz president of 
 State. Mexico. 
 
66 SIXTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1876. Anna B. Warner, N.Y. (1820 ), writer: "Carl 
 
 Krinken." " Mr. Rutherford's Children." " The Other 
 
 Shore." 
 Alphonso Taft, Ohio, Attorney-Gen. (May 22). 
 William Taylor Adams (Oliver Optic), Mass. (1822 ), 
 
 writer. 
 
 Sarah Orne Jewett, Me. (1849 )> novelist. 
 
 Edgar Wilson Nye (Bill Nye), Me. (185 0-1896), humorist. 
 Justin Winsor, Mass. (1831 ), librarian and historian : 
 
 " Readers' Handbook of the American Revolution," etc. 
 
 SIXTEENTH ADMINISTRATION (1877-1880). 
 
 1877. President. — Rutherford B. Hayes, Ohio. 
 Vice President. — William A. Wheeler, N.Y. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — William M. Evarts, N.Y. (March 10). 
 Sec. of Treas. — John Sherman, Ohio (March 8). 
 Sec. of War. — George W. McCrary, la. (March to). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Richard W.Thompson, Ind. (March 10). 
 Sec. of Interior. — Carl Schurz, Mo. (March 10). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — David M. Key, Tenn. (March 10). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Charles Devens, Mass. (March 10). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Morrison R. Waite, 
 Conn. (1 874-1 i 
 
 1878. Bayard Taylor, Penn. (1824-1878), writer: "Miss Gil- 
 bert's Career." "The Story of Kennett." "The 
 Lands of the Saracen." " Byways of Europe." " The 
 Poet's Journal," etc. 
 
 Epes Sargent, Mass. (18 13-1880), poet. 
 
 Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Mass. (1823 ), writer. 
 
 J. G. Holland, Mass. (1819-1881), writer : " Kathrina." 
 "The Titcomb Letters." "The Bay Path." "Bitter- 
 Sweet." " Arthur Bonnycastle." 
 
EVENTS 
 
 67 
 
 War with the Sioux. 
 Massacre of Custer's army. 
 Centennial Exhibition, Philadel- 
 phia, May-November. 
 
 Great railroad strike. 
 
 War with the Nez Perce Indians. 
 
 Bell telephone invented. 
 Edison phonograph invented. 
 
 Yellow fever epidemic in Mem- 
 phis, New Orleans, Grenada, 
 etc. 
 
 First resident Chinese embassy 
 at Washington. 
 
 Life-saving service of United 
 States established. 
 
 Fishery dispute settled with 
 Great Britain. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Benjamin Disraeli, prime min- 
 ister (1874-1880). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Marshal MacMahon, president 
 
 (1873-1879). 
 Thiers, French statesman and 
 
 historian, died. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 William I, emperor (1861- 
 
 The Turko-Russian war, 1877— 
 1878. 
 
 Victor Emmanuel, king of Italy, 
 died. 
 
 Humbert, son of Victor Em- 
 manuel, succeeds him on the 
 throne. 
 
 Afghan war. 
 
58 SIXTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1878. Sidney Lanier, Ga. (1842-1881), writer: "Tiger-Lilies." 
 
 "Science of English Verse." "The English Novel." 
 " From this Hundred-terraced Height," etc. 
 
 George W. Cable, La. (1844 ), writer : "Old Creole 
 
 Days." "The Grandissimes." " Dr. Sevier." 
 
 Charles Etienne Arthur Gayarr£, La. (1 805-1 895), writer : 
 " Creoles of History and Creoles of Romance." " His- 
 tory of Louisiana." 
 
 1879. H. W. Longfellow, Me. (1807-1882), writer : " Hyperion." 
 
 "Kavanaugh." "Evangeline." "Hiawatha." "Miles 
 
 Standish." " Excelsior." " Psalm of Life," etc. 
 Wendell Phillips, Mass. (1811-1884), writer: "The Lost 
 
 Arts." Orations and lectures. 
 Helen Hunt Jackson, Mass. (1 831-1885), writer : " Love's 
 
 Largess." " Ramona." "Between Whiles." "The 
 
 Hunter Cats of Connorloa." 
 John Esten Cooke, Va. (1 830-1 886), writer: "Leather 
 
 Stocking and Silk." " Surrey of Eagle's Nest." " Mo- 
 
 hun." " Hilt to Hilt." " Fairfax," etc. 
 Paul Hamilton Hayne, S.C. -(1830-1886), writer : "The 
 
 Temptation of Venus." " Avolio," etc. 
 John G. Saxe, Vt. (1816-1887), writer: "The Money 
 
 King." " Rape of the Lock," etc. 
 Harriet Prescott Spofford, Me. (1835 ), writer: 
 
 " The Amber Gods." " New England Legends." " The 
 
 Servant Girl Question," etc. 
 
 1880. Louisa May Alcott, Mass. (1832-1888), writer: "Little 
 
 Women." " An Old-fashioned Girl." " Little Men," etc. 
 E. P. Roe, N.Y. (1838-1888), writer: "From Jest to 
 
 Earnest." " Barriers Burned Away," etc. 
 Rebecca Harding Davis, Penn. (b. W. Va., 1831 ), 
 
 writer : " Life in the Iron Mills." " Margaret Howth." 
 
 " Kent Hampden," etc. 
 Lucy Larcom, Mass. (1 826-1 893), poet. 
 Cincinnatus Heine (Joaquin) Miller, Ind. (1841-), poet. 
 Horace Maynard, Tenn., Postmaster-Gen. (May 19). 
 
EVENTS 
 
 6 9 
 
 Resumption of specie payments. F. J. P. Jules Grevy president of 
 
 France (1879-188 7). 
 Mississippi jetties built. 
 
 Irish Land League formed. 
 
 Population of the United States, 
 
 50,155,783. 
 Centre of population, Cincinnati. 
 
 Election of James A. Garfield 
 and Chester A. Arthur. 
 
 William Ewart Gladstone, prime 
 minister of England (April 
 28). 
 
 Venezuela separated from Co- 
 lombia and Ecuador. 
 
 George Eliot died, Dec. 22. 
 
 House of Commons passes res- 
 olution in favor of closing 
 public-houses on Sunday in 
 England and Wales, June 25. 
 
 Jules Ferry, premier of France 
 (September 22). 
 
y SEVENTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 SEVENTEENTH ADMINISTRATION (1881-1884). 
 
 1. President. — James A. Garfield, Ohio. 
 
 Vice President. — Chester A. Arthur, N.Y. (b. Vt.). 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — James G. Blaine, Me. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — William Windom, Minn. (March 5). 
 Sec. of War. — Robert T. Lincoln, 111. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Navy.— William H. Hunt, La. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Interior. — Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa (March 5). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Thomas L. James, N.Y. (March 5). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Wayne McVeagh, Penn. (March 5). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Morrison R. Waite 
 (1874-1888), 
 
 Charles J. Folger, N.Y., Sec. of Treas. (November 15). 
 F. T. Frelinghuysen, N.J., Sec. of State (December 15). 
 Benjamin Harris Brewster, Penn., Attorney- Gen. (Decem- 
 ber 16). 
 Rose Terry Cooke, Conn. (18 2 7-1 892), novelist. 
 
 2. Henry M. Teller, Col, Sec. of Interior (April 18). 
 Timothy O. Howe, Wis., Postmaster-Gen. (January 5). 
 William E. Chandler, N.H., Sec. of Navy (April 18). 
 Donald G. Mitchell, Conn. (1822 ) , writer : " Dream 
 
 Life." "Reveries of a Bachelor," etc. 
 Sara J. Lippincott (Grace Greenwood), N.Y. (1823- 
 
 ) , writer : " Haps and Mishaps of a Tour in 
 
 Europe," etc. 
 Moses Coit Tyler, Conn. (1835 ), writer: " History 
 
 of American Literature," etc. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 71 
 
 President Garfield shot (July 2) 
 by Guiteau ; died Sept. 19. 
 
 Vice President Chester A. Arthur 
 became President. 
 
 Star Route frauds. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 William Ewart Gladstone, prime 
 minister (1880-1885). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 Francois J. P. Grevy, president 
 (1879-1887). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 William I, emperor (1861- 
 
 1888). ' 
 
 One hundred and twenty Egyp- 
 tian soldiers massacred in the 
 Sudan by the followers of a 
 false prophet. 
 
 Assassination of Alexander II 
 of Russia. Alexander III, 
 czar. 
 
 Great floods in the Mississippi 
 
 valley. 
 Anti-polygamy Bill. 
 Chinese Exclusion Bill. 
 
 Garibaldi died. 
 
 Arabi Pasha's rebellion. 
 
 Bombardment of Alexandria. 
 
 Lord Frederick Cavendish, lord- 
 lieutenant of Ireland, assas- 
 sinated in Phoenix Park, Dub- 
 lin, May 6. 
 
 Charles R. Darwin, author of 
 " Origin of Species," died. 
 
J2 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ADMINISTRA IT ON 
 
 1882. John Boyle O'Reilly, b. in Ireland (1 844-1 891), poet. 
 
 Julian Hawthorne, Mass. (1846 ), novelist. 
 
 George William Curtis, N.Y., b. in R.I. ( 1 824-1 892) , writer : 
 
 " Essays from the ' Easy Chair.' " " Prue and I," etc. 
 
 1883. A. J. Conant, Vt. (1821 ), writer: "Footprints of 
 
 Vanished Races in the Mississippi Valley," etc. 
 Augusta Evans Wilson, Ala. (1835 )> writer: " St. 
 
 Elmo." " Beulah," etc. 
 Francis C. Fisher (Christian Reid), N.C., writer: "Land 
 
 of the Sky." " Bonny Kate," etc. 
 
 Edgar Fawcett, N.Y. (1847 )> novelist and poet. 
 
 M. V. Terhune (Marion Harland), b. Va. (1830 ), 
 
 writer: "Alone." " Husbands and Homes." "Eve's 
 
 Daughters," etc. 
 
 1884. Margaret J. Pjeston, Va. (b. Penn., 1825 ) : " Beech- 
 
 enbrook." "A Handful of Monographs." "Colonial 
 Ballads," etc. 
 
 A. D. T. Whitney, Mass. (1824 ), writer: "A 
 
 Golden Gossip." " We Girls." " Real Folks," etc. 
 
 Abraham Joseph Ryan, Va. (1 834-1 886), poet : "Re- 
 united." "Conquered Banner," etc. 
 
 Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain), Mo. (1835- — ), 
 
 humorist : " Innocents Abroad." " Roughing It," etc. 
 
 Jefferson Davis, Miss. (1808-1889), writer: "The Rise 
 and Fall of the Confederate Government." 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ADMINISTRATION (1885-1888). 
 
 1885. President. — Grover Cleveland, N.Y. 
 
 Vice President. — T. A. Hendricks, Ind. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — Thomas F. Bayard, Del. (March 5) 
 Sec. of Treas. — Daniel Manning, N.Y. (March 5). 
 
EVENTS 
 
 73 
 
 Apache Indians captured by 
 
 General Crook. 
 Letter postage reduced from 
 
 three to two cents each ounce. 
 Treaty ratified between United 
 
 States and Korea. 
 Alexander H. Stephens died. 
 
 Paul Gustave Dor£, French 
 
 artist, died. 
 J. R. Green, English historian, 
 
 died. 
 Eruption of Mount Etna. 
 War in the Sudan. 
 
 Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty 
 formally presented by France 
 to United States. 
 
 French conquest and occupa- 
 tion of Tonquin, and treaty 
 of peace with China. 
 
 General Diaz president of 
 Mexico. 
 
 Relief party discovered Lieu- 
 tenant Greely, June 22. 
 
 Germans in New Guinea. 
 
 Dedication of the Washington 
 Monument at Washington, 
 February 21. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Marquis of Salisbury, prime 
 
 minister (June 24, 1885, to 
 
 February 6, 1886). 
 
74 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1885. Sec. of War. — William C. Endicott, Mass. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Navy. — William C. Whitney, N.Y. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Interior. — L. Q. C. Lamar, Miss. (March 5). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — William F. Vilas, Wis. (March 5). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Augustus H. Garland, Ark. (March 5). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 
 
 Morrison R. Waite, Conn. (1873-1888). 
 Melville W. Fuller, 111. (1888 ). 
 
 1886. James Russell Lowell, Mass. (1819-1891), poet: "A 
 
 Year's Life." " The Vision of Sir Launfal." " Biglovv 
 
 Papers," etc. 
 John Greenleaf Whittier, Mass. (1 807-1 892), poet: 
 
 " Legends of New England." " Snow-bound," etc. 
 John Lord, N.H. (1812-1894), writer : "Beacon Lights 
 
 of History." 
 Grace King, La. (181 8 ), writer : " Tales of a Time 
 
 and Place." " Earthlings," etc. 
 Lew Wallace, Ind. (1827 ), writer: "Ben Hur." 
 
 " Prince of India," etc. 
 Charles Dudley Warner, Mass. (1829 ), writer: "A 
 
 Little Journey in the World." " In the Levant," etc. 
 Frank R. Stockton, Penn. (1834 ), writer: "The 
 
 Lady or the Tiger." "Rudder Grange." "House of 
 
 Martha," etc. 
 Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, Mass. (1844 ), 
 
 novelist and poet. 
 
 1887. Thomas W. Knox, N.H. ( 1 835-1 896), writer : "The 
 
 Boy Travelers in Central Europe," etc. 
 Thomas Bailey Aldrich, N.H. (1836 ), writer: 
 
 " Story of a Bad Boy." " Marjorie Daw." 
 W. D. Howells, Ohio (1837 ), writer: "Their 
 
 Wedding Journey." "The Quality of Mercy," etc. 
 Edward Eggleston, Ind. (1837 ), writer: "The 
 
 Hoosier Schoolmaster," etc. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 75 
 
 Death of General U. S. Grant, 
 G. B. McClellan, W. S. Han- 
 cock, John A. Logan, and 
 Vice President T. A. Hen- 
 dricks. 
 
 Charleston earthquakes. 
 
 Death of H. Seymour and S. J. 
 Tilden. 
 
 Presidential succession settled 
 as follows : Vice President ; 
 Sec. of State ; Sec. of Treas. ; 
 Sec. of War ; Attorney-Gen. ; 
 Sec. of Navy ; Postmaster- 
 Gen. ; Sec. of Interior. 
 
 Anarchist riot in Chicago. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 F. J. P. Jules Grevy, president 
 (1S79-1887). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 William I, emperor (1861- 
 1888). 
 
 Siege of Khartoum and death 
 of Charles George Gordon. 
 
 Louis Riel, leader of Canadian 
 rebellion, captured. 
 
 William E. Gladstone, prime 
 minister of England (Febru- 
 ary 6) ; Marquis of Salis- 
 bury (August 3). 
 
 France assumes a protectorate 
 
 of Madagascar. 
 English add Burmah to their 
 
 East India possessions. 
 New French cabinet announced ; 
 
 M. de Freycinet president of 
 
 council. 
 
 Disputes concerning fisheries. 
 Interstate Commerce Bill. 
 
 Jenny Lind died. 
 
 Mrs. Mulock-Craik died. 
 
 M. F. Sadi-Carnot, president of 
 
 France. 
 " Queen's Jubilee." 
 
7 6 
 
 NINETEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1887. F. Hopkinson Smith, Va., b. in Md. (1838 ), writer : 
 
 " Colonel Carter of Cartersville," etc. 
 Charles S. Fairchild, N.Y., Sec. of Treas. (April 1). 
 William F. Vilas, Wis., Sec. of Interior (January 16). 
 Francis Bret Harte, N.Y. (1839 ), writer: "The 
 
 Luck of Roaring Camp." "The Heathen Chinee," 
 
 etc. 
 
 1888. Donald McD. Dickinson, Mich., Postmaster-Gen. (Janu- 
 
 ary 16). 
 
 John Fiske, Mass., b. in Conn. (1842 ), writer: 
 
 "The Critical Period of American History." "Out- 
 lines of Cosmic Philosophy," etc. 
 
 Henry James, Jr., N.Y. (1843 ), writer: "An In- 
 ternational Episode." " Life of Hawthorne," etc. 
 
 Will Carleton, Mich. (1845 )> P oet : "Betsy and I 
 
 are Out." " Farm Legends," etc. 
 
 Francis Marion Crawford, N.Y. (1845 )> writer: 
 
 "The Witch of Prague." " Khalid," etc. 
 
 John Bach McMaster, N.Y. (1851 ), writer: "His- 
 tory of the People of the United States." " Life of 
 Benjamin Franklin." 
 
 NINETEENTH ADMINISTRATION (1889-1892). 
 
 1889. President. — Benjamin Harrison, Ind. (b. Ohio). 
 Vice President. — L. P. Morton, N.Y. 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — James G. Blaine, Me. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Treas. — William Windom, Minn. (March 5). 
 Sec. of War. — Redfield Proctor, Vt. (March 5). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Benjamin F. Tracy, N.Y. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Interior. — John W. Noble, Mo. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Agriculture. — J. M. Rusk, Wis. (March 6). 
 Postmaster-Gen. — John Wanamaker, Penn. (March 6). 
 Attorney-Gen. — W. H. H. Miller, Ind. (March 6). 
 
E VENTS 
 
 77 
 
 Total number of immigrants into 
 the United States during the 
 year, 509,281. 
 
 Chief Justice Waite died. 
 
 Chinese Exclusion Bill, forbid- 
 ding entry of Chinese laborers 
 into United States for twenty 
 years. 
 
 William I, emperor of Ger- 
 many, died, March 9. 
 Frederick III, his successor, 
 died, June 15, after a rdgn 
 of three months. William II 
 succeeded, June 15. 
 
 The two Dakotas, Washington, 
 
 and Montana admitted into 
 
 the Union. 
 Johnstown disaster. 
 Ill-feeling with Germany about 
 
 Samoa. 
 Jefferson Davis died. 
 Statue of Franklin unveiled in 
 
 Washington. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837 ). 
 
 Lord Salisbury, prime minister 
 (July, 1886-August, 1892). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 M. Marie Francois Sadi-Carnot, 
 president (1887-1894). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 William II, emperor (1888- 
 )• 
 
78 
 
 NINETEENTH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1889. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Melville W. Fuller, 
 
 111. (1888 ). 
 
 John Clark Ridpath, Ind. (1840 ), writer: "His- 
 tory of the United States." 
 
 T. C. De Leon, S.C. (1839 ), writer: "A Fair 
 
 Blockade Breaker." " Creole and Puritan," etc. 
 
 S. Weir Mitchell, M.D., Penn. (1829 ), novelist. 
 
 Rebecca S. Clark (Sophie May), Me. (1833 ), 
 
 Children's Stories. 
 
 Edmund Clarence Stedman, Conn. (1833 ), poet. 
 
 Louise Chandler Moulton, Conn. (1835 ), novelist. 
 
 Celia L. Thaxter, N.H. (1 835-1 894), poet. 
 
 Margaret E. Sangster, N.Y. (1838 ), Harper's 
 
 Bazar, etc. 
 
 1890. Constance Fenimore Woolson, N.H. (1 848-1 894), writer : 
 
 " Ann." " East Angels," etc. 
 Joel Chandler Harris, Ga. (1848 ), writer : " Nights 
 
 with Uncle Remus," etc. 
 Frances Hodgson Burnett, Tenn. (1849 )> writer: 
 
 "That Lass o' Lowrie's." "Little Lord Fauntleroy," 
 
 etc. 
 Thomas A. Janvier, Penn. (1849 )> wr iter : "The 
 
 Uncle of an Angel," etc. 
 
 Edward Bellamy, Mass. (1850 ), writer: " Looking 
 
 Backward." 
 
 William H. Hayne, S.C. (1856 ), poet. 
 
 Margaret W. Deland, Mass., b. in Penn. (1857 ), 
 
 novelist. 
 
 1891. Charles Foster, Ohio, Sec. of Treas. (February 24). 
 Stephen B. Elkins, N.Y., Sec. of War (December 22). 
 
 Amelia E. Barr, N.Y. (b. England, 1832 ), novelist. 
 
 Wolcott Balestier, N.Y. (1861-1891), novelist. 
 
 Mary N. Murfree (Charles Egbert Craddock), Tenn. 
 
 (1850 ), writer: " In the Tennessee Mountains," 
 
 etc. 
 
E VENTt 
 
 79 
 
 Government of Japan changed 
 from an absolute monarchy to 
 a constitutional government. 
 
 Revolution in Brazil. 
 
 Stanley reached east coast of 
 Africa. 
 
 Crown Prince Rudolph of 
 Austria committed suicide. 
 
 Idaho and Wyoming admitted 
 
 into the Union. 
 Chief of New Orleans police 
 
 shot, as supposed, by Italians. 
 
 Revolution in San Salvador and 
 Argentine Confederation. 
 
 Bismarck resigned offices of 
 chancellor, president of Prus- 
 sian ministry, and minister of 
 foreign affairs, and received 
 title of Duke of Lauenburg. 
 
 Trouble between the miners and 
 convicts in Tennessee. 
 
 International Copyright Act. 
 
 End of the Chilian war. 
 Terrible earthquakes in Japan. 
 Riots and massacres in China. 
 
8q TWENTIETH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1 89 1. Richard Harding Davis, Penn. (1865 ), writer: 
 
 Short Stories. 
 Lafcadio Hearn, La. (i860 ): Stories. "Chita; 
 
 A Memory of Last Island," etc. 
 
 James Whitcomb Riley, Ind. (1852 ), poet. 
 
 Brander Matthews, N.Y., b. in La. (1852 ), novelist 
 
 and poet. 
 Palmer Cox, Canada (1840 ), writer: "The 
 
 Brownies." 
 Isabella McD. Alden (Pansy), N.Y. (1841 ), writer: 
 
 Pansy Books. 
 
 1892. Martha J. Lamb, N.Y., b. in Mass. (1829-1893), his- 
 
 torian : Editor of " Magazine of American History." 
 
 Henry M. Stanton, Ky. (1834 ), poet. 
 
 Katherine Pearson Woods, W. Va. (1853 ), novelist : 
 
 " Metzerott, Shoemaker," etc. 
 
 Frank L. Stanton, S.C. (1858 ), poet. 
 
 Constance Carey (Mrs. Burton) Harrison, Va. (1835- 
 
 ), writer: " The Anglomaniacs." "The Bachelor 
 
 Maid," etc. 
 Allen C. Thomas, Penn., b. in Md. (1846 ), writer: 
 
 " History of United States," etc. 
 
 TWENTIETH ADMINISTRATION (1893-1896). 
 
 1893. President. — Grover Cleveland, N.Y. 
 
 Vice President. — Adlai E. Stevenson, 111. (b. Ky.). 
 
 CABINET. 
 Sec. of State. — Walter Q. Gresham, 111. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Treas. — John G. Carlisle, Ky. (March 6). 
 Sec. of War. — Daniel S. Lamont, N.Y. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Navy. — Hilary A. Herbert, Ala. (March 6). 
 Sec. of Interior. — Hoke Smith, Ga. (March 6). 
 
EVENTS 
 Peary's first Arctic expedition. 
 
 81 
 
 Treaty signed by United States 
 and Great Britain, agreeing to 
 refer Behring Sea fisheries 
 controversy to an interna- 
 tional board of arbitration. 
 
 Homestead, Penn., labor 
 troubles. 
 
 William Evvart Gladstone, prime 
 minister of England (August 
 
 15)- 
 
 General Diaz proclaimed presi- 
 dent of Mexico for four 
 years more, beginning De- 
 cember 1. 
 
 Centennial of French Revolu- 
 tion celebrated, September 22. 
 
 Tennyson died, October 6. 
 
 World's Fair opened in Chicago. 
 
 Supreme Court of United States 
 sustained constitutionality of 
 Geary Chinese Exclusion Act. 
 
 Body of Jefferson Davis re- 
 moved from New Orleans to 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Floods in the Mississippi River. 
 
 Great financial distress. 
 
 ■)• 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Victoria, queen (1837- 
 William Ewart Gladstone, prime 
 minister (1892-1894) 
 
 FRANCE: 
 M. Marie Francois Sadi-Carnot, 
 president (188 7-1 894). 
 
g 2 TWENTIETH ADMINISTRATION 
 
 1893. Sec. of Agriculture. — J. Sterling Morton, Neb. (March 6) . 
 Postmaster-Gen. — Wilson S. Bissell, N.Y. (March 7). 
 Attorney-Gen. — Richard Olney, Mass. (March 6). 
 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Melville W. Fuller, 
 111. (1888 ). 
 
 Mary E. Wilkins, Mass. (1862 ), novelist: "A 
 
 Humble Romance," etc. 
 Amedie Rives, Va. (1863 ), novelist: "Virginia of 
 
 Virginia." " Farrier Lass of Piping Pebworth." "The 
 
 Quick or the Dead." 
 M. Rutherford, Ga. (185 1 ), writer: "English 
 
 Authors." " American Authors." 
 Captain Charles King, N.Y. (1844 ), writer: "The 
 
 Colonel's Daughter," etc. 
 Eugene Field, Mo. (1850-1895), poet. 
 Mrs. George C. Riggs (Kate Douglas Wiggin), Penn. 
 
 (1858 ), novelist. 
 
 Thomas Nelson Page, Va. (1853 ), writer: "On 
 
 Newfound River." " Marse Chan,"etc. 
 Robert Burns Wilson, Ky. (b. Penn., 1850 ), poet 
 
 and artist. 
 Harry Stillwell Edwards, Ga. (1854 ) : Dialect 
 
 Stories. 
 
 H. Jerome Stockard, N.C. (1858 ), poet. 
 
 Molly Elliot Seawell, Va. (1859 ), writer: "On the 
 
 Absence of Creative Faculty in Women." " Decatur 
 
 and Somers," etc. 
 Julian Ralph, N.Y. (1853 ), writer: "Our Great 
 
 West." "On Canada's Frontier," etc. 
 
 1894. Frank Dempster Sherman, N.Y. (1S60 ), writer. 
 
 Julia Magruder, Va. (1854 ), novelist : "A Magnifi- 
 cent Plebeian," etc. 
 
 M. G. McClelland, Va. (185 3-1 895), novelist : " Oblivion." 
 " St. John's Wooing." " The Old Post Road," etc. 
 
E VENTS 
 
 83 
 
 President sent request to Con- 
 gress in extra session for re- 
 peal of Sherman Silver Bill. 
 
 Heavy storms on the Atlantic 
 seaboard from Florida to 
 Maine. 
 
 Peary's expedition to Arctic 
 regions. 
 
 Chinese Exclusion Bill declared 
 constitutional by Supreme 
 Court. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 William II, emperor (1888- 
 )• 
 
 Movement for annexation of 
 
 Hawaii. 
 French war in Dahomey. 
 
 Death of Robert McAll of 
 McAll Mission, France. 
 
 Prince George, son of Prince 
 of Wales, married Princess 
 Victoria Mary of Teck. 
 
 British battle-ships "Victoria" 
 and " Camperdown " collided 
 off Tripoli. 
 
 Jerome Bonaparte died. 
 
 Royal Government in Hawaii 
 overturned. 
 
 Labor disturbances in many 
 states. 
 
 Midwinter Fair in California. 
 
 " Kearsarge " wrecked in the 
 Caribbean Sea. 
 
 George W. Childs died, Febru- 
 ary 3. 
 
 Earl of Rosebery, prime minis- 
 ter of England, March 3. 
 
 World's Conference of Y.M.C.A. 
 in London. 
 
 Earthquakes in Greece. 
 
8 4 
 
 T WEN TIE TH ADM IN IS TRA TION 
 
 1894. Samuel Minturn Peck, Ala. (1854 ), poet. 
 
 Edith M. Thomas, N.Y., b. in O. (1854 ), poet. 
 
 John Kendrick Bangs, N.Y. (1862 ), writer: " Mr. 
 
 Bonaparte of Corsica," etc. 
 
 Orelia Key Bell, Ga. (1864 ), poet. 
 
 Danske Dandridge, b. Denmark (1861 ), poet. 
 
 James Lane Allen, Ky., novelist : "John Gray." "Ken- 
 tucky Cardinal," etc. 
 
 E. R. P. Allan, Va., writer : Stones for the young. 
 
 Robert Grant, Mass. (1852 ), novelist and poet: 
 
 "The Little Tin Gods-on-wheels." 
 
 Henry J. Van Dyke, N.Y. (1852 ), "The Other 
 
 Wise Man," etc. 
 
 895- 
 
 OTHER WRITERS OF THE DAY. 
 
 1896. John Fox, Ky. : "The Mountain Europa," etc. 
 Agnes Repplier, Pa. : Essays. 
 Alice French : " Octave Thanet." Stories. 
 Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Wis., poet. 
 Evelyn Everett Green : Historical Romance. 
 Mat Crim, La. : Southern Stories. 
 Maud Wilder Goodwin : Historical Romance. 
 Ruth McEnery Stuart, La. : Southern Stories. 
 Will Allen Dromgoole : Tennessee Dialect Stories. 
 Mildred C. Watkins, Va. : American Literature. 
 Abbe Carter Goodloe, Ky. : " College Girls." 
 Mamie S. Paden, Col., poet. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 85 
 
 Coxey's army march on Wash- 
 ington ; leaders arrested. 
 
 Lexovv investigation committee, 
 New York. 
 
 American Railway Union de- 
 clare boycott of Pullman cars. 
 
 United States troops sent to 
 Chicago to suppress riots. 
 
 Strike ended July 15. 
 
 Wilson Tariff Bill, with Senate 
 amendments, became a law. 
 
 Tammany overthrown in New 
 York. 
 
 Hon. Walter Q. Gresham, Sec. 
 of State, died, May 28. 
 
 Richard Olney, Mass., Sec. of 
 State (June 7). 
 
 Judson Harmon, O., Attorney- 
 Gen. (June 7). 
 
 William L. Wilson, W. Va., Post- 
 master-Gen. (March 1), in 
 place of Wilson S. Bissell 
 resigned. 
 
 Police reform in New York City. 
 Utah admitted into the Union, 
 
 January, 1896. 
 Threatening of war with Great 
 
 Britain over Venezuelan 
 
 boundary. 
 
 Constitution of the Hawaiian 
 Republic proclaimed, July 4. 
 
 Revolution in Korea. 
 
 President M. F. Sadi-Carnot of 
 France stabbed by anarchist. 
 
 M. Casimir-Perier elected presi- 
 dent, June 27. 
 
 Sir Austin Henry Layard, ex- 
 plorer, died, July 5. 
 
 New Atlantic cable. 
 
 China and Japan began war. 
 
 The old boundary dispute be- 
 tween Brazil and Argentine 
 Confederation settled by arbi- 
 tration (President Cleveland) 
 in favor of Brazil. 
 
 Death of Alexander III of 
 Russia; Nicholas II, czar. 
 
 M. Felix Faure president of 
 France, January 1 7. 
 
 Death of crown prince of Siam. 
 
 Cowfa Maha Vigararat pro- 
 claimed crown prince of 
 Siam, January 17, while in 
 England at school. 
 
 Lord Salisbury, prime minister 
 of England (June 24). 
 
 Japan victorious in war with 
 China. 
 
 Korea transferred to protection 
 of Japan. 
 
 Murder of the queen of Korea. 
 
 Massacres in Armenia. 
 
 Fighting in the Transvaal. 
 
36 RULING SOVEREIGNS 
 
 RULING SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE. 
 
 Austro-Hungarian Monarchy . . . Emperor Francis Joseph. 
 
 Belgium King Leopold II. 
 
 Bulgaria King Ferdinand. 
 
 Denmark King Christian IX. 
 
 France M. Casimir-Perier, elected 
 
 president June 27, 1895. 
 
 Germany Emperor William II. 
 
 Great Britain Empress or Queen Victoria. 
 
 Greece King George I. 
 
 Italy King Humbert I. 
 
 Mexico General Diaz, elected De- 
 cember 1, 1892, for four 
 years. 
 
 Monte Negro Prince Nicholas. 
 
 Netherlands Queen Wilhelmina. 
 
 Norway and Sweden King Oscar II. 
 
 Portugal King Carlos I. 
 
 Roumania Prince Charles I. 
 
 Russia Czar Nicholas II. 
 
 Servia King Alexander. 
 
 Spain King Alphonso XIII. 
 
 Swiss Republic President M. Adrian Lache- 
 
 nal, elected December 13, 
 1 895, for one year. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 Abbott, Jacob, 60. 
 Aberdeen, Earl of, 51. 
 Absence of Creative Faculty in Women, 
 
 On the, 82. 
 Adams and liberty, 24. 
 Adams, John, 13, 16, 19, 20, 35. 
 Adams, John Quincy, 30, 32-34, 47. 
 Adams, Samuel, 13. 
 Adams, William Taylor (Oliver Optic), 
 
 66. 
 Addington, Rt. Hon. Henry, 23. 
 Administration, First, 16. 
 Administration, Second, 20. 
 Administration, Third, 22. 
 Administration, Fourth, 26. 
 Administration, Fifth, 30. 
 Administration, Sixth, 32. 
 Administration, Seventh, 34. 
 Administration, Eighth, 38. 
 Administration, Ninth, 40. 
 Administration, Tenth, 44. 
 Administration, Eleventh, 48. 
 Administration, Twelfth, 50. 
 Administration, Thirteenth, 54. 
 Administration, Fourteenth, 58. 
 Administration, Fifteenth, 62. 
 Administration, Sixteenth, 66. 
 Administration, Seventeenth, 70. 
 Administration, Eighteenth, 72. 
 Administration, Nineteenth, 76. 
 Administration, Twentieth, 80. 
 Afghans, 43, 47. 
 Afghan war, 67. 
 Africa, History of Colonization on West 
 
 Coast of, 48. 
 Agassiz, Louis, 64. 
 Ages, The, 64. 
 Alabama, 31, 57. 
 "Alabama," Confederate cruiser, 65. 
 
 Alamo, massacre at, 39. 
 
 Alaska, purchase of, 63. 
 
 Albany, 10, 37. 
 
 Albert Edward, 43. 
 
 Alcott, Louisa May, 68. 
 
 Alden, Isabella McD., 80. 
 
 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 74. 
 
 Alexander, Archibald, 48. 
 
 Alexander I, 25. 
 
 Alexander, James W., 52. 
 
 Alexander, Joseph Addison, 56. 
 
 Alexander II, of Russia, 53, 71. 
 
 Alexander III, of Russia, 71, 85. 
 
 Alexander, King of Servia, 86. 
 
 Alexandra of Denmark, 61. 
 
 Alexandria, 71. 
 
 Algiers, 19, 37. 
 
 Alien and sedition laws, 21. 
 
 Allan, E. R. P., 84. 
 
 Allen, Ethan, 17. 
 
 Allen, James Lane, 84. 
 
 Alliance, of France, 12. 
 
 Alliance, of Spain, 12. 
 
 Alliance, Triple, 15. 
 
 Allibone, Samuel Austin, 60. 
 
 Allston, Washington, 42. 
 
 Alls ton, Lectures on, 50. 
 
 Alone, 72. 
 
 Alphonso XIII, King of Spain, 86. 
 
 Althea Vernon, 50. 
 
 Alvarez, 53. 
 
 Amadeus, king of Spain, 65. 
 
 Amazon River, 2. 
 
 Amber Gods, The, 68. 
 
 Ambrose s, Mr., Letters on the Rebellion, 46. 
 
 American Annals, 36. 
 
 American Authors, 82. 
 
 Americatt Biographies, 18. 
 
 American Commonplace Book 0/ Prose, 48. 
 
 American Cottager, The, 52. 
 
 87 
 
88 
 
 INDEX 
 
 American Literature, Lectures on, 40; 
 
 History of, 70. 
 American Mechanic and Workingman, 
 
 The, 52. 
 American Medical Biography, 42. 
 A?nericati Naval Officers, Lives of, 46. 
 American Practical Navigator, The, 24. 
 American Revolution, Reader's Handbook 
 
 of, 66. 
 American Student, T/i€, 40. 
 Americans, 12. 
 Americans by an American in London 
 
 The, 52. 
 Amerigo Vespucci, 2. 
 Amidas, Philip, 4. 
 Amiens, battle of, 65. 
 Amsterdam, New, 7. 
 Ancient and Modern History, 42. 
 Anderson, Major, 57. 
 Andre, 14. 
 
 Anglomaniacs, The, 80. 
 ^4««, 78. 
 Annabel Lee, 44. 
 Annals of Quodlibet, The, 46. 
 Annapolis Convention, 14. 
 Anne, Queen, 11. 
 Annexation of Texas, 41. 
 Annotated Edition of Blackstone, 
 Annular eclipse of sun, 41. 
 Anti-corn-law, 45. 
 Anti-polygamy Bill, 71. 
 Apache Indians, 73. 
 Arabi Pasha, 71. 
 Arbitration by President Cleveland 
 
 85. 
 Arctic Ocean, 13. 
 Argentine Confederation, 79. 
 Arkansas, 39. 
 Armada, Spanish, 5. 
 Armstrong, John, 28. 
 Arnold, Benedict, 14. 
 Arthur Bonnycastle, 66. 
 Arthur, Chester A., 69, 70, 71. 
 Arthur Mervyn, 22. 
 Arthur Middleton, 15. 
 Artist Life, 64. 
 Ashburton Treaty, 43. 
 Asiatic cholera, 37. 
 Assumption Bill, 17. 
 Astoria, 29. 
 At Home and Abroad, 44. 
 
 Atlantic cable, 57, 61. 
 
 Atonement, The, 62. 
 
 Audubon, John J., 46. 
 
 Augustus, Prince, 39. 
 
 Australia, gold in, 51. 
 
 Austria, 19, 27, 31, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45 
 
 47- 49, 53- 55- 
 
 Austria, House of, 3. 
 
 Austria signed protocol for peace be- 
 tween Turkey and Russia, 53. 
 
 Austrian succession, war of, 11. 
 
 AustrOrHungarian monarchy, 86. 
 
 Autobiography, 32. 
 
 Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, 58. 
 
 Avolio, 68. 
 
 Ayllon, Lucas Vasquez de, 2. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babylonian Captivity, The, 22. 
 
 Bachelor, and Other Tales, The, 40. 
 
 Bachelor Maid, The, 80. 
 
 Bacon, Lord, 7. 
 
 Bacon's Rebellion, 9. 
 
 Badger, George E., 42. 
 
 Baillie, Joanna, 51. 
 
 Balaklava, 58. 
 
 Balboa, Nunez de, 2. 
 
 Balcomb, George, 40. 
 
 Balestier, Wolcott, 78. 
 
 Ballads about Authors, 66. 
 
 Baltimore, 31. 
 
 Baltimore, Lord, 7. 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 37. 
 
 Balzac, Honore de, 49. 
 
 Bancroft, Aaron, 36. 
 
 Bancroft, George, 44, 54. 
 
 Bangs, John Kendrick, 84. 
 
 Bank, National, 31. 
 
 Bank of United States, 19. 
 
 Banks suspended specie payment, 41,43. 
 
 Barbour, James, 34. 
 
 Barlow, Arthur, 4. 
 
 Barlow, Joel, 22. 
 
 Barr, Amelia E., 78. 
 
 Barriers Burned Away, 68. 
 
 Barry, William T., 36. 
 
 Bartholdi's statue, 73. 
 
 Bartlett, Josiah, 13. 
 
 Basle, Treaties of, 19. 
 
 Bastile, 17. 
 
 Bates, Edward, 58. 
 
INDEX 
 
 8 9 
 
 Battle of the Kegs, The, 18. 
 
 Bayard, Thomas F., 72. 
 
 Bay Path, The, 66. 
 
 Beacon Lights of History, 74. 
 
 Beaconsfield, Earl of, 65. 
 
 Beauchamp : A Tale of Kentucky, 46. 
 
 Beechenbrook, 72. 
 
 Behring Sea fisheries, 81. 
 
 Belgium, 37, 86. 
 
 Belknap, Jeremy, 18. 
 
 Belknap, W. W., 62. 
 
 Bellamy, Edward, 78. 
 
 Belles of Williamsburg, The, 32 ; Sequel 
 
 to, 32. 
 Bell, John, 42. 
 Bell, Orelia Key, 84. 
 Bells, The, 44. 
 Ben Hur, 74. 
 Benjamin, Judah P., 59. 
 Berrien, J. McP., 36. 
 Betsy and I are out, 76. 
 Between Whiles, 68. 
 Beulah, 72. 
 Beverly, Robert, 10. 
 Bibb, George M., 44. 
 Bible, 3. 
 
 Biglow Papers, 74. 
 Biographical Sketches, 40. 
 Biographies of Good Wives, 44. 
 Birds of America, 46. 
 Bismarck, 61, 65, 79. 
 Bissell, Wilson S., 82. 
 Bitter- Sweet, 66. 
 Black Hawk war, 37. 
 Black, Jeremiah S., 54, 56. 
 Black Sea, 25. 
 " Black Warrior," 53. 
 Blackwood's Magazine, 31. 
 Blaine, James G., 70, 76. 
 Blair, James, 10. 
 Blair, Montgomery, 58. 
 Bland, Richard, 12. 
 Bonaparte, Jerome, 47, 83. 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 21. 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon, First Consul, 23. 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon, Emperor, 25, 27. 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon, abdicated, 29. 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon, Essay on, 40. 
 Bonaparte of Corsica, Mr., 84. 
 Bonny Kate, 72. 
 Boone, Daniel, 12, 33. 
 
 Border Tales, 56. 
 
 Borie, Adolphe E., 62. 
 
 Boston, 7, 12, 13. 
 
 Boston, great fire in, 65. 
 
 Botanical Writers of America, History 
 
 of, 34- 
 Bourbon, house of, 5, 29. 
 Bourbon Orleans, house of, 43. 
 Boutwell, George S., 62. 
 Bowditch, Nathaniel, 24. 
 Boycott of Pullman cars, 85. 
 Boy Travelers in Central Europe, The, 
 
 74- 
 
 Bozzaris Marco, 33. 
 
 Bozzaris, Marco, 60. 
 
 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, 20. 
 
 Braddock's defeat, 11. 
 
 Bradford, William, 18. 
 
 Bradstreet, Ann, 8. 
 
 Branch, John, 36. 
 
 Brandywine, battle of, 12. 
 
 Braxton, Carter, 15. 
 
 Brazil, 27. 
 
 Brazil, revolution in, 79. 
 
 Breckinridge, John, 24. 
 
 Breckinridge, John C, 54. 
 
 Brent, John, 56. 
 
 Brewster, Benjamin Harris, 70. 
 
 Briar Cliff, 50. 
 
 Bristow, B. H., 64. 
 
 British Museum, 11. 
 
 British orders affecting American com- 
 merce, 23. 
 
 British spy, 14 
 
 British possessions, 15. 
 
 British Spy, The, 34. 
 
 Broadus, John A., 62. 
 
 Brooklyn, battle of, 12. 
 
 Brooks, Maria, 42. 
 
 Brown, Aaron V., 54. 
 
 Brown, Charles Brockden, 22. 
 
 Brown, John, 57. 
 
 Browne, Charles F. (Artemus Ward) , 60. 
 
 Brownies, The, 80. 
 
 Browning, O. H., 60. 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen, 64. 
 
 Buccaneer, The, 48. 
 
 Buchanan, James, 44, 54. 
 
 Buckingham, murder of, 7. 
 
 Buckwheat Cake, The, 36. 
 
 Buena Vista, battle of, 47. 
 
90 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Buenos Ayres, 29. 
 
 Buffalo, 29. 
 
 Bulgaria, 86. 
 
 Bull Run, battle of, 59. 
 
 " Buhver-Clayton Treaty," 51. 
 
 Bunker Hill, battle of, 12. 
 
 Bunker Hill monument, 35, 43. 
 
 Bunyan, 9. 
 
 Buonarroti, Michael Angelo, 3. 
 
 Burgoyne, 12. 
 
 Burmah, 75. 
 
 Burmese War, 51. 
 
 Burnett, Frances Hodgson, 78. 
 
 Burns, 60. 
 
 Burr, Aaron, 22, 25, 27. 
 
 Burwell Papers, The, 8. 
 
 Butler, Benjamin F., 38, 40. 
 
 Byrd, William, 10. 
 
 Byron, Lord, 33. 
 
 By- Ways and Bird Notes, 60. 
 
 Byways of Europe, 66. 
 
 Cable between Suez and Aden, 57. 
 
 Cable, George W., 68. 
 
 Cabot, John, 2. 
 
 Cabot, Sebastian, 2. 
 
 Cabrillo, 2. 
 
 Cabul, 41. 
 
 Calhoun, John C, 30, 32, 34, 38, 44, 51. 
 
 California, 45, 47; " Vigilants " in, 49; 
 
 Goldseekers, 49. 
 Cameron, Simon, 58. 
 Ca mil 'I us, 24. 
 
 Campbell, George W., 28. 
 Campbell, James, 52. 
 " Camperdown," British battle-ship, 83. 
 Canada, Patriot war in, 41. 
 Candia, 9. 
 
 Canning, Rt. Hon. George, 35. 
 Cape Ann, 7. 
 Cape Breton Island, 2. 
 Caribbean Sea, 83. 
 Carleton, Will, 76. 
 Carlisle, John G., 80. 
 Carl Krinken, 66. 
 Carlos I, King, 86. 
 Carnot, M. Marie Francois Sadi, 75, 77, 
 
 81, 85. 
 " Carolina," American steamer, 41. 
 Caroline, wife of George IV, 33. 
 
 Carroll, Charles, 15, 37. 
 
 Cartier, Jacques, 2. 
 
 Caruthers, William A., 46. 
 
 Cary, Alice, 60. 
 
 Cary, Phcebe, 60. 
 
 Casimir-Perier, M., 85. 
 
 Caspian Sea, 13. 
 
 Cass, Lewis, 36, 54. 
 
 Castle Dismal ; or, The Bachelor s Christ- 
 mas, 46. 
 
 Catherine II, 15, 21. 
 
 Catholics, 5, 7. 
 
 Cavaliers of Virginia, 46. 
 
 Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 71. 
 
 Cawnpore, Massacre of, 57. 
 
 Cecil Dreeme, 56. 
 
 Census, first of the United States, 17. 
 
 Centennial Exhibition, 67. 
 
 Cerro Gordo, battle of, 47. 
 
 Champions of Freedojn, The, 40. 
 
 Chandler, William E., 70. 
 
 Chandler, Zachariah, 64. 
 
 Channing, William Ellery, 40. 
 
 Characteristics of Literature, 64. 
 
 Characteristics, The, 18. 
 
 Charles Edward, The Pretender, 11. 
 
 Charles I, 7, 9. 
 
 Charles I, History of Three of the Judges 
 0/18. 
 
 Charles I, Prince, 86. 
 
 Charles II, 9. 
 
 Charles X, 33, 35, 37. 
 
 Charles Egbert Craddock. See Murfree. 
 
 Charleston, 12, 14. 
 
 Charlotte Temple, 30. 
 
 Charter, 6. 
 
 Chase, Salmon P., 58, 62, 65. 
 
 Chase, Samuel, 15. 
 
 Chatham, Death of, 13. 
 
 Cheever, George B., 48. 
 
 " Chesapeake," frigate, 27. 
 
 Chicago, Anarchist riot in, 75. 
 
 Chicago fire, 65. 
 
 Chicago, World's Fair in, 81. 
 
 Child, Lydia Maria, 44. 
 
 Childs, George W., 83. 
 
 Chile, 31. 
 
 Chilian war, 79. 
 
 Chimeriad, 20. 
 
 China, 15, 19. 
 
 China, riots and massacres in, 79. 
 
INDEX 
 
 91 
 
 Chinese Bill, 71, 77, 83. 
 
 Chinese Exclusion Act, Geary's, 81. 
 
 Chinese Embassy at Washington, 67. 
 
 Chinese ports thrown open, 43. 
 
 Chita : A Memory of Last Island, 80. 
 
 Chopin, Frederick Francis, 49. 
 
 Christian Reid. See Fisher. 
 
 Christian IX, King, 86. 
 
 Christian religion, 7, 19. 
 
 Church, first, 5. 
 
 Church a?id State in America, 52, 
 
 Church, Capt. Benjamin, 10. 
 
 Cincinnati, 69. 
 
 Circular theory of storms, author of, 
 
 52. 
 Civil War in France, 5 ; in Spain, 33, 39. 
 Clara Howard, 22. 
 Clark, Abraham, 15. 
 Clark, Rebecca S. (Sophie May), 78. 
 Clarke's expedition, 12. 
 Clay, Henry, 32, 38, 51. 
 Clayton, John M., 48. 
 Clayton, Joshua, 16. 
 Clemens, Samuel (Mark Twain), 72. 
 Cleveland, Grover, 72, 80. 
 Clifford, Nathan, 46. 
 Clifton, William, 20. 
 Clinton, George, 16, 26, 28. 
 Clio, 52. 
 Clive, n. 
 
 Clymer, George, 15. 
 Coalition against France, 27. 
 Cobb, Howell, 54. 
 Cobb, Thos. Reade Rootes, 56. 
 Code Napoleon, The, 23. 
 Col. Carter of Cartersville, 76. 
 Colden, Cadwallader, 10. 
 Colfax, Schuyler, 62. 
 Collamer, Jacob, 48. 
 Colonel's Daughter, The, 82. 
 Colonial Ballads, 72. 
 Colonies, 10. 
 Colonization on West Coast of Africa, 
 
 History of, 48. 
 Colonization Society, 29. 
 Colorado, 57, 65. 
 Colton, Calvin, 52. 
 Columbiad, 22. 
 Columbus, 2. 
 Columbus, Life of, 46. 
 Commander-in-chief, 12, 21. 
 
 Commentaries on Constitution of the 
 
 United States, 42. 
 Commercial panic in England, 57. 
 Commons, House of, 69. 
 Compromise Measure, 51. 
 Conant, A. J., 72. 
 Conant, Roger, 6, 7. 
 Conduct of Life, 44. 
 Confederation, Articles of, 12, 14. 
 Confederate States, 59. 
 Congress, 10, 17, 23, 31, 39. 
 Congress, Stamp Act, 13. 
 Congress, library of, burned, 51. 
 Connecticut, 8, 11, 14 ; History of 30. 
 Conquered Banner, 72. 
 Conquest of Canaan, 28. 
 Conquest of Mexico, 46. 
 Conquest of Peru, 46. 
 Consolation, 52. 
 Constantinople, 17. 
 Constitution, 12, 14, 33. 
 Constitution, Federal, 14. 
 Constitution, French, 15. 
 Consulate, 23. 
 Continental army, 12. 
 Contrast, The, 16. 
 
 Contributions to Natural History, 64. 
 Convention, 14, 17. 
 
 Convention meets in Massachusetts, 33. 
 Cook Book, 50. 
 Cook, Ebenezer, 6. 
 Cooke, John Esten, 68. 
 Cooke, Rose Terry, 70. 
 Cooper, James Fenimore, 46. 
 Corn-laws, 47. 
 
 Cornwallis, Surrender of, 14. 
 Coronado, Francisco de, 2. 
 Cortereal, Caspar, 2. 
 Corvvin, Thomas, 48. 
 Cosmic Philosophy, Outline of, 76. 
 Cotton-gin, 19. 
 Cotton, John, 6. 
 Country Lovers, The, 36. 
 "Coup d'Etat," 21, 51. 
 Coxey's Army, 85. 
 Cox, Jacob D., 62. 
 Cox, Palmer, 80. 
 Cozzens, Frederick S., 60. 
 Crawford, Francis Marion, 76. 
 Crawford, George W., 48. 
 Crawford, W. H., 28, 30. 
 
Q2 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Credit Mobilier investigation, 65. 
 
 Creek Indians, 35; Treaty with, 35. 
 
 Creole and Puritan, 78. 
 
 Creoles of History and Creoles of Ro- 
 mance, 68. 
 
 Cresswell, J. A. J., 62. 
 
 Crim, Mat, 84. 
 
 Crimea, war in, 15, 53. 
 
 Crisis, The, 12. 
 
 Critical Dictionary of English Literature, 
 60. 
 
 Critical Period of American History, The, 
 76. 
 
 Crittenden, J. J., 42, 48. 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 9. 
 
 Crook, General, 73. 
 
 Crowninshield, Benjamin W., 28, 30. 
 
 Crowninshield, Jacob, 24. 
 
 Crystal Palace, 51, 53. 
 
 Cuba, 49. 
 
 " Cuban Question," 51. 
 
 Culloden, battle of, 11. 
 
 Culprit Fay, The, 32. 
 
 " Cumberland Road " Act, 27. 
 
 Cunard steamers, 41. 
 
 Curtis, George W., 72. 
 
 dishing, Caleb, 52. 
 
 Custer's Army, massacre of, 67. 
 
 Dahomey, French war in, 83. 
 
 Daisy, 64. 
 
 Dakotas, two, 77. 
 
 Dallas, Alexander J., 28. 
 
 Dallas, George M., 44. 
 
 Dana, Richard H., Sr., 48. 
 
 Dana, Richard H., Jr., 62. 
 
 Dandridge, Danske, 84. 
 
 Darwin, Charles R., 71. 
 
 Davidson, James Wood, 64. 
 
 Da Vinci, Leonardo, 3. 
 
 Davis, Jefferson, 52, 59, 61, 72,77; body 
 
 of removed, 81. 
 Davis, Rebecca Harding, 68. 
 Davis, Richard Harding, 80. 
 Day of Doom, 8. 
 Dearborn, Henry, 22, 28. 
 Decatur and Somers, 82. 
 Declaration of Independence, 12, 22. 
 Declaration of Independence, signers of, 
 
 11, 13- 
 
 Deerslayer, 46. 
 Deland, Margaret W., 78. 
 Delano, Columbus, 62. 
 Delaware, 9, 14. 
 Delaware, constitution of, 19. 
 DeLeon, T. C, 78. 
 Denmark, 14, 86. 
 Dennie, Joseph, 22. 
 Dennison, William, 60. 
 Derby, earl of, 57, 61. 
 Deserted Bride, The, 50. 
 De Soto, Hernando, 2. 
 Detroit, 21. 
 Devens, Charles, 66. 
 Dew, Thomas R., 42. 
 Dexter, Samuel, 22. 
 Diary, 18. 
 
 Diaz, General, 65, 73, 81. 
 Dickerson, Mahlon, 38. 
 Dickinson, Donald McD., 76. 
 Dickinson, Jonathan, 10. 
 Dickinson, John, 12. 
 Dictionary, 26, 30, 54. 
 Diplomatic Correspondence of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution, The, 54. 
 Directory, 19. 
 Dirge of Alaric, 56. 
 Discourse of Virginia, A, 4. 
 Dismantled Cabinet, The, 36. 
 Disestablishment of Irish church, 63. 
 Disraeli, Benjamin, 63, 65, 67. 
 Disruption of church of Scotland, 43. 
 Dissertation on Slavery, 32. 
 Dix, John A., 56. 
 Dobbin, James C, 52. 
 Dore, Gustave, 73. 
 Dorr's rebellion, 43. 
 Dr. Sevier, 68. 
 Drake, Joseph Rodman, 32. 
 Drake, Sir Francis, 4. 
 " Dred Scott Case," 55. 
 Dromgoole, Will Allen, 84. 
 Duane, William J., 38. 
 Dublin, 71. 
 Dunlap, William, 36. 
 Dutch, 7. 
 Dwight, Rev. Timothy, D.D., 28. 
 
 E. 
 
 Earthlings, 74. 
 Earthquakes in Greece, 83. 
 
INDEX 
 
 93 
 
 Earthquakes in Charleston, S.C., 75. 
 
 East Angels, 78. 
 
 Eaton, John H., 36. 
 
 Ecuador, 69. 
 
 Edgar Huntley, 22. 
 
 Edinburgh, 31. 
 
 Edinburgh Revietu, 25. 
 
 Education, national, 39. 
 
 Edwards, Harry Stilhvell, 82. 
 
 Edward VI, 5. 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan, 10. 
 
 Eggleston, Edward, 74. 
 
 Egyptian soldiers massacred, 71. 
 
 Eliot, George, 69. 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, 5. 
 
 Elkins, Stephen B., 78. 
 
 Ellery, William, 13. 
 
 Ellsworth, Oliver, 20. 
 
 Emancipation, Catholic, 37. 
 
 Emancipation Proclamation, 61. 
 
 Emancipation of slaves in Brazil, 65. 
 
 Emancipation of serfs in Russia, 59. 
 
 Embargo Act, 27 ; First, 19 ; repealed, 29. 
 
 Embargo Act, second, 29. 
 
 Embargo, The, 64. 
 
 Embassy, new, sent to France, 21. 
 
 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 44. 
 
 Endicott, John, 6. 
 
 Endicott, William C, 74. 
 
 Enghien, Duke d', 25. 
 
 England, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 
 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 45, 49, 
 51. 55. 57. 59. 63. 6 7. 71. 73. 77, 8i, 83, 85. 
 
 England declares war against China and 
 against Persia, 55. 
 
 England signed protocol for peace, 33. 
 
 English Literature, Lectures on, 52. 
 
 English Authors, 82. 
 
 English Grammar, 32. 
 
 Envoy, American, recalled, 21. 
 
 Epilogue to Cato, 20. 
 
 Era of Good Eeeling, 33, 
 
 Erasmus, 3. 
 
 Erie Canal, begun, 31 ; opened, 35. 
 
 Erie, Lake, 29. 
 
 Espejo, Antonio de, 4. 
 
 Essays from the Easy Chair, 72. 
 
 Essays and Orations on Practical Sub- 
 jects, 50. 
 
 Esther, 42. 
 
 Etna, Eruption of, 73. 
 
 Eulogy on Laughing, 20. 
 Europe, 31. 
 Eustis, William, 26. 
 Evangeline, 68. 
 Evarts, William M., 66. 
 Everett, Edward, 50, 56. 
 Eve's Daughters, 72. 
 Evidences of Christianity, 48. 
 Ewell, Alice Maud, 84. 
 Ewing, Thomas, 42, 48. 
 Excelsior, 68. 
 Excise Bill, First, 19. 
 Expedition to Japan, 53. 
 
 F. 
 Fair Blockade Breaker, A, 78. 
 Fairchild, Charles S., 76. 
 Fairfax, 68. 
 Falkirk, battle of, 11. 
 Farm Legends, 76. 
 Farmer s Letters, The, 12. 
 Farmer's Weekly Museum, The, 22. 
 Farrier Lass of Piping Pebworth, 82. 
 Faure, M. Felix, 85. 
 Fawcett, Edgar, 72. 
 Federalist, The, 24. 
 Female Poets of America, 54. 
 Fenelon, Essay on, 40. 
 Fenner, Arthur, 16. 
 Ferdinand and Isabella, 46. 
 Ferdinand I, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47. 
 Ferdinand, King, 86. 
 Ferdinand VII, 29. 
 Ferguson, Elizabeth, 20. 
 Ferry, Jules, 69. 
 Fessenden, Thomas Green, 36. 
 Fessenden, William P., 60. 
 Field, Eugene, 82. 
 Field of the Grounded Arms, 60. 
 Fifteenth Amendment, 63. 
 " Fifty-four, forty," 45. 
 Fiji Islands, 65. 
 Fillmore, Millard, 48. 
 Fiscal Corporation Bill, 43. 
 Fishery disputes, 67, 75. 
 Fishes of New York, The, 34. 
 Fish, Hamilton, 62. 
 Fisher, Francis C, 72. 
 Fiske, John, 76. 
 Flight of Years, The, 60. 
 Flint, Timothy, 40. 
 
94 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Florida, 4, 33. 45- 57. 8 3- 
 
 Floyd, John B., 54. 
 
 Floyd, William, 13. 
 
 Folger, Charles J., 70. 
 
 Folger, Peter, 8. 
 
 Footprints of Vanished Races in the Mis- 
 sissippi Valley, 72. 
 
 Foresters, The, 18. 
 
 Forest Rose, The, 40. 
 
 Forsyth, John, 38. 
 
 Forward, Walter, 42. 
 
 Foster, Charles, 78. 
 
 Fox, Charles James, 25. 
 
 Fox, John, 84. 
 
 France, 3, 5, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 29, 
 3 1 . 35. 37. 39. 43. 45. 53. 55. 59. °3. 6 7. 
 69, 71, 75, 77, 81, 85, 86. 
 
 France, coalition against, 27. 
 
 France, disputes with, 25. 
 
 France, empire in, 25, 27. 
 
 France, history of, 50. 
 
 France, king of, 13, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39. 
 
 43- 
 
 France, provisional government in, 49. 
 
 France, religious worship in, 25. 
 
 France, war with, 21, 23. 
 
 France, republic in, 17, 49. 
 
 France signed protocol for peace, 53. 
 
 France, third republic in, 63. 
 
 Francis Berrian ; or, The Mexican Pa- 
 triot, 40. 
 
 Francis I, 27, 31, 37. 
 
 Francis Joseph I, 47, 49, 53, 55, 86. 
 
 Francis II, 19, 23. 
 
 Franco-German war, 63. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin, 12, 17. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin, statue of, 77. 
 
 Franklin, State of, 21. 
 
 Frederick VII, 61. 
 
 Frederick III, 77. 
 
 Frederick William II, 17. 
 
 Frederick William III, 21, 25, 27, 31, 35. 
 
 Frederick William IV, 43, 45, 49, 53, 
 
 55- 
 Frelinghuysen, F. T., 70. 
 Fremont, 45. 
 
 French, Alice (Octave Thanet), 84. 
 French cabinet, 75. 
 
 French Occupation of Switzerland, 23. 
 French Revolution, centennial of, 81. 
 Freneau, Philip, 12. 
 
 Freycinet, M. de, 75. 
 
 Froebel, founder of kindergarten, 51. 
 
 From Jest to Earnest, 68. 
 
 From this Hundred - Terraced Height, 68. 
 
 Fugitive Slave Law, 19. 
 
 Fuller, Melville W., 74, 78, 82. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gallatin, Albert, 24, 26. 
 Garay, Francisco de, 2. 
 Garfield, James A., 69, 70, 71. 
 Garibaldi, 57, 59, 71. 
 Garland, Augustus H., 74. 
 Gaskell, Elizabeth, 61. 
 Gatling guns, 59. 
 
 Gayarre, Charles Etienne Arthur, 68. 
 Genoa, 3. 
 
 Genoa, democratic government in, 21. 
 Geographies, 30. 
 Geography of the sea, 56. 
 George, Prince, 83. 
 George III, 13, 17, 21, 23, 27, 31. 
 George IV, 29, 33, 35. 
 George I of Greece, 86. 
 Georgia, io, 11, 14, 57. 
 Germanic confederation, 29. 
 Germans evacuate France, 65. 
 Germany, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 27, 31, 35, 37, 
 41, 43, 45, 49, 53, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 75, 
 77. 83. 86. 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge, 13, 28. 
 
 Gertrude, 40. 
 
 Gettysburg, battle of, 61. 
 
 Ghent, Treaty of, 29. 
 
 Gibraltar, 15. 
 
 Gilbert's Career, Miss, 66. 
 
 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 4. 
 
 Gilmer, Thomas W., 44. 
 
 Gilpin, Henry D., 40. 
 
 Gladstone, William Ewart, 63, 69, 71, 75, 
 81. 
 
 Goderich, Viscount, 35. 
 
 Golden Gossip, A, 72. 
 
 Goldsmith, Life of, 46. 
 
 Goodrich, Samuel G., 50. 
 
 Good Hope, Cape of, 21. 
 
 Goodwin, Maud Wilder, 84, 
 
 Gordon, Charles George, death of, 75. 
 
 Gorges, Ferdinando, 7. 
 
 Gospel, Genuineness of the, 50. 
 
 Gospel, Sermons on Doctrines of the, 36. 
 
INDEX 
 
 95 
 
 Goulding, Francis Robert, 5c. 
 
 Governor, 6, 8. 
 
 Government, Lectures on, 40. 
 
 Grace Greenwood. See Lippincott. 
 
 Graham, George, 30. 
 
 Graham, William A., 48. 
 
 Grammatical Institute of the English 
 Language, 26. 
 
 Grand issimes, The, 68. 
 
 Granger, F., 42. 
 
 Granger, Gideon, 24, 26. 
 
 Grant, Robert, 84. 
 Grant, Ulysses S., 62, 75. 
 
 Gray, John, 84. 
 Graydon, Alexander, 28. 
 Great Britain, 9, 14, 57, 65, 86. 
 Great Britain and Ireland, 25. 
 Great exhibition in England, 51. 
 Great financial distress, 81. 
 Great Irish rebellion, 23. 
 Great plague, 9. 
 " Great Western," 41. 
 
 Greece, History of, 50. 
 
 Greece, independence of, 35. 
 
 Greece, 86; provisional government in, 
 
 33- 
 Greeks defeat Turks, 33. 
 Greeks invite' protection of English, 35. 
 Greeley, Horace, death of, 65. 
 Greely, Lieutenant, j^- 
 Greenbacks, 61. 
 Green, Evelyn Everett, 84. 
 Green, General, death of, 14. 
 Green, J. R., 73. 
 Green Mountain Boys, The, 56. 
 Grenada, yellow fever in, 67. 
 Grenville, Lord, 25. 
 Gresham, Walter Q., 80, 85. 
 Grevy, F. J. P., 69, 71, 75. 
 Grey, Earl, 37. 
 Griswold, Roger, 22. 
 Griswold, Rufus W., 54. 
 Group, The, 20. 
 Grundy, Felix, 40. 
 Guiteau, 71. 
 Guizot, M., 41, 65. 
 Guthrie, James, 52. 
 Gwinnett, Button, 15. 
 
 H. 
 Habeas Corpus Act, 9. 
 
 Habeas Corpus Act suspended, 61. 
 
 Habersham, Joseph, 18, 20, 22. 
 
 Hail Columbia, 20. 
 
 Hakluyt's Voyages published, 4. 
 
 Hale, Edward Everett, 62. 
 
 Halleck, Fitz-Green, 60. 
 
 Hall, James, 56. 
 
 Hall, Lyman, 15. 
 
 Hall, N. K., 48. 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander, 16, 24, 25. 
 
 Hamilton, Paul, 26. 
 
 Hamlin, Hannibal, 58. 
 
 Hancock, John, 13, 16, 19. 
 
 Hancock, W. S., 75. 
 
 Handful of Monographs, A, 72. 
 
 Haps and Mishaps of a Tour in Europe, 
 70. 
 
 Harlan, James, 60. 
 
 Harmon, Judson, 85. 
 Harper, Robert Goodloe, 32. 
 Harper s Bazar, 78. 
 Harris, Joel Chandler, 78. 
 Harrison, Benjamin, 15, 76. 
 Harrison, Constance Carey (Mrs. Bur- 
 ton), 80. 
 Harrison, William Henry, 40, 43. 
 Hartford, 31 ; Convention, 29. 
 Hart, Francis Bret, 76. 
 Hart, John, 15. 
 Harvard College, 9. 
 Hasty Pudding, The, 22. 
 Hawaii, 83, 85. 
 Hawkins, Sir John, 4. 
 Hawthorne, Julian, 72. 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 64. 
 Hawthorne, Life of, 76. 
 Hayes, Rutherford B., 66. 
 Hayne, Paul Hamilton, 68. 
 Hayne, William H., 78. 
 Haynes, John, 8. 
 Hearne, Lafcadio, 80. 
 Heathen Chinee, The, 76. 
 Hendricks, T. A., 72, 75. 
 Heine, Heinrich, 55. 
 Henry VII, 3. 
 Henry VIII, 3. 
 Henry Letters, The, 27. 
 Henry of Prussia, 13. 
 Henry, Patrick, 23. 
 Herbert, Hilary A., 80. 
 Herschel, Sir William, 13. 
 
9 6 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Hewes, Joseph, 15. 
 
 Heyward, Thomas, 15. 
 
 Hiawatha, 68. 
 
 Higginson, Francis, 6. 
 
 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 66. 
 
 Hildreth, Richard, 58. 
 
 Hilt to Hilt, 68. 
 
 Histoire of Travaile into Virginia Bri- 
 tannia, 4. 
 
 History of a Corporation of Servants, 18. 
 
 History of New Hampshire, 18. 
 
 History of Slavery, 56. 
 
 History of the American Revolution, 24. 
 
 History of the American Theatre, 36. 
 
 History of the Art of Design in United 
 States, 36. 
 
 History of the People of the United States, 
 76. 
 
 History of Three Judges of Charles I, 18. 
 
 History of Uncle Sam and His Boys, 
 The, 46. 
 
 History of the War between the States, 64. 
 
 History of Virginia, 10. 
 
 Hoar, E. R., 62. 
 
 Hobomok, 44. 
 
 Hodge, Archibald Alexander, 62. 
 
 Hodge, Charles, 52. 
 
 Hoe's printing press, 47. 
 
 Holland, 14, 19, 25. 
 
 Holland, J. G., 66. 
 
 Holmes, Abiel, 36. 
 
 Holmes, Oliver Wendel, 58. 
 
 Holt, Joseph, 56. 
 
 Holy Alliance, 29. 
 
 Homestead, Penn., labor troubles, 81. 
 
 Hooker, Thomas, 8. 
 
 Hooper, William, 15. 
 
 Hoosier School Master, The, 74. 
 
 Hopkins, Mark, 64. 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen, 13. 
 
 Hopkinson, Francis, 13, 18. 
 
 Hopkinson, Joseph, 20. 
 
 Horse-shoe Robinson, 46. 
 
 House and Home Papers, 54. 
 
 House in which I zvas born, The, 36. 
 
 House of Martha, 74. 
 
 House of the Seven Gables, 64. 
 
 Hozvard, Clara, 22. 
 
 Howard, John E., 16. 
 
 Howe, Elias, 47. 
 
 Howe, Timothy O., 70. 
 
 Howells, W. D., 74. 
 
 Hubbard, Samuel D., 50. 
 
 Hudson River, 27. 
 
 Huguenots, 4. 
 
 Humbert, son of Victor Emmanuel, 67, 86 
 
 Humble Romance, A, 82. 
 
 Humphreys, David, 30. 
 
 Hungary, revolution and war in, 47. 
 
 Hungary declares itself free, 49. 
 
 Hunt, William H., 70. 
 
 Hunter Cats of Connorloa, The, 68. 
 
 Huntington, Samuel, 13, 16. 
 
 Hurry- Graphs, 50. 
 
 Husbands and Homes, 72. 
 
 Hyder Ali, 15. 
 
 Hyperion, 68. 
 
 I. 
 Ibrahim Pasha, 39. 
 Idaho, 79. 
 Idle Man, The, 48. 
 
 Idomen; or, the Vale of Yermuri, 42. 
 Illinois, 12, 31. 
 Immigrants, number of, T]. 
 Impeachment, 7, 63. 
 Inchiquin's Letters, 56. 
 Independence of the United States, 14. 
 India, 19, 21, 39, 57. 
 Indian Territory, 39. 
 Indiana, 29. 
 Indians, 19. 
 
 Industrial exhibition at Paris, 53. 
 Ingersoll, C. J., 56. 
 Ingham, S. D., 36. 
 Innocents Abroad, 72. 
 Inquiry into the Rights of the British 
 
 Colonies, 12. 
 Institution for deaf and dumb, 31. 
 Insurrection, 14, 19. 
 International Copyright Act, 79. 
 International cup, 51. 
 International Episode, An, 76. 
 Interstate Commerce Bill, 75. 
 In the Tennessee Mountains, 78. 
 Invention of Letters, The, 24. 
 Iowa, 47. 
 
 Irish Land League, 69. 
 Irish famine, 47. 
 Irving, Washington, 46, 57. 
 Isabella II, Queen of Spain, 43, 63. 
 Ismail Pasha of Egypt, 61. 
 Israelitish Nation, History of, 48. 
 
INDEX 
 
 97 
 
 Italian Sketch-book, 64. 
 Italians, 79. 
 Italy, 21, 67, 86. 
 
 J- 
 
 Jackson, General Andrew, 31, 34, 37, 39 
 
 45- 
 Jackson, Helen Hunt, 68. 
 Jackson, Stonewall, death of, 61. 
 Jacobin Club, 17. 
 Jamaica, Rebellion in, 61. 
 James I, 5. 
 James, Henry, 76. 
 James, Thomas L., 70. 
 Jamestown, 4, 5, 6. 
 Jane Talbot, 22 . 
 Janvier, Thomas A., 78. 
 Japan, 7, 53. 
 
 Japan, earthquakes in, 79. 
 Japan, government of, 79. 
 Japanese embassy, 57. 
 Jay, John, 16, 19. 
 Jefferson, Thomas, 15, 16, 20, 22, 25, 35 ; 
 
 Library of, 29. 
 Jerome of Westphalia, 29. 
 Jesuits, 47. 
 Jeweil, Marshall, 64. 
 Jewett, Sarah Orne, 66. 
 John Bull and Brother Jonathan, 46. 
 John VI of Portugal, 35. 
 Johnson, Andrew, 60, 61. 
 Johnson, Andrew, impeachment of, 63. 
 Johnson Cave, 44. 
 Johnson, Reverdy, 48. 
 Johnson, Richard M., 38. 
 Johnston, Richard Malcolm, 64. 
 Johnston, Samuel, 16. 
 Johnston's Army, Joseph E., 61. 
 Johnstown disaster, jj. 
 Joliet, 9. 
 
 Jones, William, 28. 
 Joseph II, 13, 17. 
 
 Journey in the World, A Little, 74. 
 Juarez Benito, 57. 
 Judiciary department, 17. 
 Julian, 50. 
 Juvenile stories, 50. 
 
 K. 
 Kansas, 53, 59; Lecompton Constitution, 
 57. 
 
 Katherine Walton, 46. 
 
 Kathrina, 66. 
 
 Kavanaugh, 68. 
 
 " Kearsarge," 83. 
 
 Kendall, Amos, 38, 40. 
 
 Kennedy, John P., 46, 50. 
 
 Kent Hampden, 68. 
 
 Kentuckian in New York, The, 46. 
 
 Kentucky, 12, 19. 
 
 Kentucky, constitution of, 23. 
 
 Kentucky Cardinal, 84. 
 
 Key, David M., 66. 
 
 Key, Francis S., 30. 
 
 Khalid, 76. 
 
 Khartoum, siege of, 75. 
 
 Khyber Pass, 43. 
 
 King, Captain Charles, 82. 
 
 King George's war, 11. 
 
 King, Grace, 74. 
 
 King, Horatio, 58. 
 
 King, William R., 50. 
 
 Kingsley, Charles, 31. 
 
 Kirkwood, Samuel J., 70. 
 
 Kitto, 53. 
 
 Knapp, Samuel, 40. 
 
 Kiickerbocker 's New York, 46. 
 
 Knights of the Golden Horse-shoe, 46. 
 
 Know-nothing party, 51. 
 
 Knox, Henry, 16. 
 
 Knox, Thomas W., 74. 
 
 Korea, revolution in, 85 ; murder of 
 
 queen, 85. 
 Kosciusko, 19. 
 Kossuth, Louis, 47, 49, 51. 
 
 Labor disturbances, 83. 
 
 Lachenal, M. Adrian, 86. 
 
 Lady or the Tiger, The, 74. 
 
 Lafayette's visit to United States, 33. 
 
 Lafayette died, 39. 
 
 Lamar, L. Q. C, 74. 
 
 Lamb, Martha J., 80. 
 
 Lamont, Daniel S., 80. 
 
 Land of the Sky, 72. 
 
 Lands of the Saracen, The, 66. 
 
 Lanier, Sidney, 68. 
 
 Larcom, Lucy, 68. 
 
 Last of the Mohicans, 46. 
 
 Laud, bishop of London, 7. 
 
9 8 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Laudoniere, 4. 
 
 Laws of Love and Love as Law, The, 
 
 64. 
 Law of Slavery, 56. 
 Layard, Sir Henry, 85. 
 Lay of the Scottish Fiddle, The, 46. 
 Leather Stocking and Silk, 68. 
 Le Conte, John, 64. 
 Le Conte, John L., 64. 
 Lectures on Allston, 50. 
 Lectures on Evidences of Christianity, 64. 
 Lectures on History as illustrated by 
 
 Shakespeare, 52. 
 Lee, Charles, 18, 20. 
 Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 15. 
 Lee, General Robert E., 63. 
 Lee, Henry, 28. 
 Lee, Richard Henry, 15, 19. 
 Lee's army, 61. 
 Legare, Hugh S., 42. 
 Legends of New England, 74. 
 Legends of the West, 56. 
 Legislative Assembly, First, 6. 
 Leon, Juan Ponce de, 2. 
 Leopold II of Germany, 17. 
 Leopold II of Belgium, 86. 
 Leopold, marriage of, 37. 
 Leslie, Eliza, 50. 
 Letter on White-washers, A, 18. 
 Letter postage reduced, 73. 
 Letters from Palmyra, 50. 
 Letters from the South by a Northern 
 
 Man, 46. 
 Letters from under the Bridge, 50. 
 Letters to Young Ladies, 56. 
 Levant, In the, 74. 
 Lewis and Clark's Expedition, 25. 
 Lewis, Francis, 13. 
 Lexington, battle of, 12. 
 Lexow, investigation committee, 85. 
 Liberia, 29. 
 Liberty, statue of, 73. 
 Library of American biography, 54. 
 Life and Times of John Barneveldt, 
 
 60. 
 Life in the Iron Mills, 68. 
 Life of Benjamin Franklin, 54, 76. 
 Life of Charles Brockden Brown, 36. 
 Life of Columbus, 46. 
 Life of Dr. Ezra Stiles, 36. 
 Life of Goldsmith, 46. 
 
 Life of Patrick Henry, 34. 
 
 Life of Putnam, 30. 
 
 Life of Washington, 24, 36, 46. 
 
 Life of Watts, 18. 
 
 Life-saving service, 67. 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham, 58, 59, 61. 
 
 Lincoln, Levi, 22. 
 
 Lincoln, Robert T., 70. 
 
 Lind, Jenny, 75. 
 
 Linn, John Blair, 22. 
 
 Lippincott, Sara J. (Grace Greenwood), 
 
 70. 
 Literary and Historical Miscellanies, 54. 
 Literature and Art, Papers on, 44. 
 Little Foxes, 54. 
 Little Frenchman and His Water Lots, 
 
 The, 50. 
 Little Lord Fauntleroy, 78. 
 Little Men, 68. 
 
 Little Tin Gods-on-wheels, The, 84. 
 Little Women, 68. 
 
 Liverpool, Earl, 31, 33. 
 
 Lives of Celebrated Statesmen, 34. 
 
 Livingston, Edward, 36. 
 
 Livingston, Philip, 13. 
 
 Livingston, William, 16. 
 
 Livingstone, 65. 
 
 Locke Amsden, 56. 
 
 Logan, James, 10. 
 
 Logan, John A., 75. 
 
 London, 9. 
 
 Longfellow, H. W„ 68. 
 
 Long Parliament, 9. 
 
 Looking Backzvard, 78. 
 
 Lopez, Antonio, 61. 
 
 Lord, John, 74. 
 
 Lord Protector, 9. 
 
 Lost Arts, The, 68. 
 
 Louisiana, 25, 29, 57, 65. 
 
 Louisiana, History of, 68. 
 
 Louis XII, 3, 5. 
 
 Louis XVI, 13, 19. 
 
 Louis XVIII, 29, 31. 
 
 Louis of Holland, 29. 
 
 Louis Napoleon, 49. 
 
 Louis Philippe, 37, 45, 49. 
 
 Love's Largess, 68. 
 
 Lowell, James Russell, 74. 
 
 Luck of Roaring Camp, The, 76. 
 
 Luther, 3. 
 
 Lynch, Thomas, Jr., 15. 
 
INDEX 
 
 99 
 
 M. 
 
 Macaulay, 57. 
 
 MacMahon, Marshall, 67. 
 
 Madagascar, 75. 
 
 Madison, James, 22, 26,39. 
 
 Magazine of American History, 80. 
 
 Magnalia Christi Americana, 10. 
 
 Magneto-electric machine, 39. 
 
 Magnificent Plebeian, A, 82. 
 
 Magruder, Julia, 82. 
 
 Maine, 7, 33, 83. 
 
 Mallory, S. R., 59. 
 
 Malta, 21. 
 
 Man at Home, The, 22. 
 
 Manhattan Island, 7. 
 
 Mann, Horace, 50. 
 
 Manning, Daniel, 72. 
 
 Manual for Emigrants to America, A, 52. 
 
 Marble Faun, 64. 
 
 March of the Seventh, 56. 
 
 Marco Bozzaris, 33. 
 
 Marco Bozzaris, 60. 
 
 Marcy, William L., 44, 52. 
 
 Marengo, battle of, 23. 
 
 Margaret Howth, 68. 
 
 Maria, the Village Girl, 52. 
 
 Marie Antoinette, 19. 
 
 Marion, Francis, 19. 
 
 Marion Harland. See Terhune. 
 
 Marjorie Daw, 74. 
 
 Marquette, 9. 
 
 Marriage of Princess Royal of England, 
 
 57- 
 Marse Chan, 82. 
 
 Marshall, John, 22, 26, 30, 34, 36, 39. 
 Martin Faber, 46. 
 Mary, Bloody, 5. 
 Maryland, 6, 7, 14. 
 Maryland, My Maryland, 60. 
 Mary ; or, The Test of Honor, 30. 
 Mason, John, 7. 
 Mason, John M., 34. 
 Mason, John Y., 44, 46. 
 Massachusetts, 6, 7, 11, 14. 
 Massachusetts, insurrectionary troubles 
 
 in, 14. 
 Massachusetts, Story of, 62. 
 Massachusetts Bay Colony, 6. 
 Mather, Cotton, 10. 
 Mather, Increase, 8. 
 Mather, Richard, 8. 
 
 Matthews, Brander, 80. 
 
 Maury, Matthew F., 56. 
 
 Maximilian, Archduke, 61, 63. 
 
 May Martin ; or, The Money Diggers, 56. 
 
 Maynard Horace, 68. 
 
 McAll, Robert, 83. 
 
 McClellan, George B., 75. 
 
 McClelland, M. G., 82. 
 
 McClelland, Robert, 52. 
 
 McCIurg, James, 32. 
 
 McCormick's reaping machine, 39. 
 
 McCrary, George W., 66. 
 
 McCulloch, Hugh, 60. 
 
 McFingal, 26. 
 
 McHenry, James, 20. ' 
 
 McKean, Thomas, 15. 
 
 McKennan, T., 48. 
 
 McLane, Louis, 36, 38. 
 
 McLean, John, 32, 34, 40, 42. 
 
 McMaster, John Bach, 76. 
 
 McVeagh, Wayne, 70. 
 
 Medical essays, 32. 
 
 Medical works, 24. 
 
 Meek, A. B., 58. 
 
 Meigs, R. J., 28, 30. 
 
 Afelbourne House, 64. 
 
 Melbourne, Viscount, 39. 
 
 Mellichampe, 46. 
 
 Memming«r, C. G., 59. 
 
 Afe?noirs, 28. 
 
 Memoirs of a Water Drinker, 36. 
 
 Memoirs of the French Protestants, 36. 
 
 Memoirs of the War in the Southern 
 
 Department of the United States, 28. 
 Memphis, yellow fever in, 67. 
 Mendelssohn, 47. 
 Menendez, Pedro, 4. 
 Merchant vessels authorized to defend 
 
 themselves, 21. 
 Meredith, W. M., 48. 
 " Merrimac," battle of, 61. 
 Methodist conference, first, 11. 
 Metzerott, Shoemaker, 80. 
 Mexico, 33, 39, 45, 61, 63, 65, 86 ; French 
 
 troops withdrawn from, 61. 
 Mexico, church and state in, 57. 
 Mexico, city of, 61. 
 Mexico, New, 47. 
 Mexico, Notes on, 50. 
 Mexico, peace with, 47. 
 Mexico, president of, 57, 65, 73, 81, 86. 
 
IOO 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Mexico, revolution in, 53. 
 
 Mexico sues for peace, 47. 
 
 Miami, 19. 
 
 Michigan, 39. 
 
 Middleton, Arthur, 15. 
 
 Midwinter fair in California, 83. 
 
 Mifflin, Thomas, 16. 
 
 Miles St an dish, 68. 
 
 Military Journal during American Revo- 
 lution, 42. 
 
 Miller, Cincinnatus Heine (Joaquin), 68. 
 
 Miller, W. H. H., 76. 
 
 Milton, 9. 
 
 Mi It 071, Essay on, 40. 
 
 Miners and convicts in Tennessee, 79. 
 
 Minister's Wooing, 54. 
 
 Minnesota, 55. . 
 
 Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, 51. 
 
 Mint, 19. 
 
 Minuit, Peter, 6. 
 
 Mississippi, 57. 
 
 Mississippi jetties, 69. 
 
 Mississippi River, 9, 81. 
 
 Mississippi territory, 23, 31. 
 
 Mississippi valley, floods in, 71, 81. 
 
 Missolonghi, 33. 
 
 Missouri, 25; Compromise Bill, 33. 
 
 Mitchell, Donald G., 70. 
 
 Mitchell, S. Weir, 78. 
 
 Mitchill, Samuel L., 34. 
 
 Modern Chivalry, 20. 
 
 Modoc Indians, war with, 65. 
 
 Mohun, 68. 
 
 Monaldi, 42. 
 
 Monetary panic, 63. 
 
 Afoney King, The, 68. 
 
 " Monitor," battle of, 61. 
 
 Monkey who Shaved Himself and His 
 Eriends, The, 30. 
 
 Monroe, James, 21, 28, 30, 33, 37. 
 
 Monroe Doctrine, 33. 
 
 Montana, 77. 
 
 Montcalm, 13. 
 
 Monte Negro, 86. 
 
 Moore, Clement C, 24. 
 
 Moore, Thomas, 51. 
 
 Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse, 56. 
 
 Mormon rebellion, 55. 
 
 Mormons, 37, 47 ; Book of, published, 37. 
 
 Morris, George P., 50. 
 
 Morris, Gouverneur, 26. 
 
 Morris, Lewis, 13. 
 
 Morris, Robert, 15. 
 
 Morse, S. F. B., 45, 65. 
 
 Morton, John, 15. 
 
 Morton, J. Sterling, 82. 
 
 Morton, L. P., 76. 
 
 Morton, Nathaniel, 6. 
 
 Moscow, 29. 
 
 Mosses from an Old Manse, 64. 
 
 Motley, John Lothrop, 60. 
 
 Moulton, Louise Chandler, 78. 
 
 Mountain Europa, The, 84. 
 
 Mount Vernon, 30. 
 
 Mozart, 15. 
 
 Mr. Rutherford's Children, 66. 
 
 Mrs. Washington Potts, 50. 
 
 Mulock-Craik, Mrs., 75. 
 
 Murfree, Mary N. (Charles Egbert Crad- 
 
 dock), 78. 
 Murray, Lindley, 32. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nantes, edict of, 5. 
 
 Nantucket Island, 8. 
 
 Napier, Sir William, 57. 
 
 Napoleon III, 53, 55, 59, 63. 
 
 Narvaez, Pamfilo de, 2. 
 
 Navarino, battle of, 35. 
 
 Navy, American, 23. 
 
 Navy of United States, History of the, 46. 
 
 Nebraska, 63. 
 
 Necessity, Fort, 11. 
 
 Nelson, John, 42, 44. 
 
 Nelson, Thomas, 15. 
 
 Nelson's, Lord, victory over the French, 
 
 21. 
 Nelson killed, 25. 
 Netherlands, 5, 37, 86. 
 Neutrality, armed, 23. 
 Nevada, 57, 61. 
 New Amsterdam, 7, 9. 
 Newark, 9. 
 New England, 6, 9. 
 New England Almanac, 34. 
 New England Legends, 68. 
 New England's Crisis, 8. 
 Neiv England's Prospect, 6. 
 Newfoundland, 2, 4. 
 Newfound River, On, 82. 
 New Guinea, Germans in, 73. 
 
INDEX 
 
 OI 
 
 New Hampshire, 7, 11, 14; History of, 18 
 
 New Hampshire, constitution of, 19. 
 
 New Jersey, 7, 9, 11, 14. 
 
 New Mexico, 2, 47. 
 
 New Netherlands, 6, 8. 
 
 New Orleans, 25, 29, 67, 81. 
 
 New Orleans, police shot in, 79. 
 
 New Orleans, yellow fever in, 67. 
 
 New'spaper, 10, 23. 
 
 New Testament, 3. 
 
 New York, 8, 9, 12, 17, 43, 53. 
 
 New York City, 7. 
 
 New York, disastrous fire in, 39. 
 
 Nez Perce Indians, war with, 67. 
 
 Niagara, 13. 
 
 Nicholas I of Russia, death of, 53. 
 
 Nicholas II of Russia, 85, 86. 
 
 Nicholas, Prince, 86. 
 
 Nicolls, Richard, 8. 
 
 Nights with Uncle Remus, 78. 
 
 Nile, sources of, 65. 
 
 Nile, battle of the, 21. 
 
 Niles, John M., 40. 
 
 Noble, John W., 76. 
 
 North Carolina, 2, 4, 9, 12, 17. 
 
 Northeast boundary disputes, 41, 43. 
 
 Northwestern territory, 14. 
 
 Norton, Andrews, 50. 
 
 Norway and Sweden, 86. 
 
 Notes of a Desultory Reader, 28. 
 
 Nova Scotia, 2. 
 
 Novel, The English, 68. 
 
 Nullification in South Carolina, 37. 
 
 Nye, Edgar Wilson (Bill Nye), 66. 
 
 Oates' popish plot, 9. 
 
 Oblivion, 82. 
 
 Observations on Hydrophobia, 42. 
 
 Octave Thanet. See French. 
 
 Ode on the Battle of Bunker Hill, 20. 
 
 Oglethorpe, James, 10, 11. 
 
 Ohio, 25, 37. 
 
 Ohio River, 55. 
 
 Okeechobee, battle of, 39. 
 
 Old Bachelor, The, 34. 
 
 Old Creole Days, 68. 
 
 Old-fashioned Girl, An, 68. 
 
 Old Helmet, 64. 
 
 Old Oaken Bucket, The, 40. 
 
 Old Post Road, The, 82. 
 
 Old Times in the New World, 46. 
 
 Oldtown Eolks, 54. 
 
 Olney, Richard, 82, 85. 
 
 Omnibus Bill, 49. 
 
 On Canada's Erontier, 82. 
 
 Opium, 41. 
 
 Orange, Prince of, 5. 
 
 Oregon, 2, 4, 43, 47, 57. 
 
 O'Reilly, John Boyle, 72. 
 
 Origin of Species, 71. 
 
 Ormond, 22. 
 
 Ornithology, American, 24. 
 
 Oscar, king of Sweden, 45. 
 
 Oscar II, King, 86. 
 
 Osgood, Samuel, 16. 
 
 Ossoli, Margaret Fuller, 44. 
 
 Other Shore, The, 66. 
 
 Other Wise Man, The, 84. 
 
 Our Great West, 82. 
 
 Out-doors at Idlewild, 50. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paca, William, 15. 
 
 Pacific coast, 2. 
 
 Pacific Ocean, 2. 
 
 Pacific railroad, 53, 63. 
 
 Page, Thomas Nelson, 82. 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat, 13, 24. 
 
 Paine, Thomas, 12. 
 
 Palestine, Past and Present, 56. 
 
 Palmerston-Russell, 59. 
 
 Palmerston, Viscount, 55,57. 
 
 Palo Alto, battle of, 47. 
 
 Panama Congress, 33. 
 
 Panic, business, 39. 
 
 Pansy Books, 80. 
 
 Paradise Lost, 9. 
 
 Paraguay, 61. 
 
 Paris, 17. 
 
 Paris famine, 65. 
 
 Parke, John, 16. 
 
 Parley, Peter, 50. 
 
 Parliament, 7. 
 
 Partisan, The, 46. 
 
 Partisan Leader, The, 40. 
 
 Patent and post offices burned, 39. 
 
 Paul Pane, 50. 
 
 Paul I of Russia, 23. 
 
 Paulding, James K., 40, 46. 
 
 Payne, John Howard, 38. 
 
 Peace between England and China, 57. 
 
02 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Peace between Great Britain and Otto- 
 man Port, 27. 
 
 Peace between United States and Great 
 Britain, 14. 
 
 Peace between Russia and Ottoman 
 Port, 29. 
 
 Peace with France, 23. 
 
 Pearce, James A., 48. 
 
 Peary's Arctic expedition, 81, 83. 
 
 Peck, Samuel Minturn, 84. 
 
 Peel, Sir Robert, 39, 41, 45. 
 
 PenciUings by the V\ 'ay, 50. 
 
 Penn, John, 15. 
 
 Penn, William, 10, 11. 
 
 Pennsylvania, 10, 11. 
 
 Pensacola, 31. 
 
 Percival, Dr. James G., 52. 
 
 Percival, Hon. Spencer, 27. 
 
 Perry, Commodore, 53. 
 
 Perry's victory, 29. 
 
 Peter I, statue of, 15. 
 
 Peter the Great, 11. 
 
 Peters, Samuel, 30. 
 
 Petersburg, 61. 
 
 Philadelphia, 11, 21, 23, 67, 
 
 " Philadelphia," frigate, 25. 
 
 Philip II,s. 
 
 Philip II, 46. 
 
 Philip, King, 9. 
 
 Phillips, Wendell, 68. 
 
 Philosophic Solitude, 16. 
 
 Philothea, 44. 
 
 Phcenix Park, 71. 
 
 Phonograph, 67. 
 
 Physical Geography, 56. 
 
 Pickering, Henry, 36. 
 
 Pickering, Timothy, 18, 20. 
 
 Pierce, Franklin, 50. 
 
 Pierrepont, Edwards, 64. 
 
 Pike's Peak visited by Zebulon Pike, 25. 
 
 Pilgrim's Progress, 9. 
 
 Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 16. 
 
 Pinkney, William, 28. 
 
 Pinzon, 2. 
 
 Pirates, 25. 
 
 Pitt, William, 17, 21, 25. 
 
 Pittsburg, 29. 
 
 Pius VII, 23. 
 
 Plymouth, 7. 
 
 Plymouth colony, 6. 
 
 Poe, Edgar Allan, 44. 
 
 Poetical Correspondence, 20. 
 
 Poetical Translation of Telemaque, 20. 
 
 Poets and Poetry of Atnerica, 54. 
 
 Poet's Journal, The, 66. 
 
 Poinsette, Joel R., 38, 50. 
 
 Poland, 11, 47. 
 
 Poland, annihilation of, 13. 
 
 Poland, final dismemberment of, 19. 
 
 Poland, second partition of, 19. 
 
 Poles, 11. 
 
 Polish succession, 11. 
 
 Politics, Theory of, 58. 
 
 Polk, James K., 44. 
 
 Pompeii, ruins of, 11. 
 
 Pope Pius VI, 21. 
 
 Population of United States, 23, 29, 69. 
 
 Population of United States, centre of, 
 
 69. 
 Portfolio, The, 22. 
 Portland, Duke of, 27. 
 Port Royal, 4. 
 
 Portugal, 86; royal family of, 27. 
 Postal System for Great Britain, 9. 
 Post Office for Scotland, 7. 
 Potomac River frozen over, 55. 
 Powers of Genius, The, 22. 
 Power of Religion on the Alind, 32. 
 Powers, Hiram, 65. 
 Prentice, George D., 60. 
 Presbyterian Doctrine Brief y Stated, 62. 
 President, 14, 16, 20, 22, 26, 30, 32, 34, 38, 
 
 40, 44, 48, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 72, 76, 80. 
 Presidential succession settled, 75. 
 Prescott, William H., 46, 57. 
 Preston, Margaret J., 72. 
 Preston, William B., 48. 
 Pretender, The, 11. 
 Primitive Church Government, 56. 
 Prince Consort, death of, 59. 
 Prince of India, 74. 
 Princeton College, 11. 
 Printing, History of, 34. 
 Probus, 50. 
 Proclamation against Americans aiding 
 
 Canada, 41. 
 Proctor, Redfield, 76. 
 Professor at the Breakfast Table, The, 58. 
 Progress of Dullness, The, 26. 
 Prometheus, 52. 
 Prose l\ 'r iters of America, 54. 
 Protestants, 5. 
 
INDEX 
 
 I03 
 
 Provisional army, 21, 23. 
 
 Prue and I, 72. 
 
 Prussia, 3, 17, 19, 21, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 
 
 41,43,45,49,53,55,59,61. 
 Prussians occupy Paris, 29. 
 Psalm of Life, 68. 
 Puritans, 7. 
 Pytlmgoras and Sappho, 34. 
 
 Quadrupeds of America, 46. 
 
 Quakers, 11. 
 
 Quality of Mercy, The, 74. 
 
 Quebec, 2, 13. 
 
 Queechy, 64. 
 
 Queen's Jubilee, 75. 
 
 Quick or the Dead, The, 82. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rab and Ringan, 24. 
 
 Railroad, first steam, in America, 37. 
 
 Railroad panic, 65. 
 
 Railroad strike, 67. 
 
 Railway, first passenger, in England, 35 
 
 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 4. 
 
 Ralph, Julian, 82. 
 
 Ramona, 68. 
 
 Ramsay, David, 24. 
 
 Randall, Alexander W., 60. 
 
 Randall, James R., 60. 
 
 Randolph, Beverly, 16. 
 
 Randolph, Edmund, 16, 18. 
 
 Randolph, John, 34, 39. 
 
 Rangers, The, 56. 
 
 Rape of the Lock, 68. 
 
 Raphael, Sanzio, artist, 3. 
 
 Raven, The, 44. 
 
 Rawlins, John A., 62. 
 
 Read, George, 15. 
 
 Read, Thomas Buchanan, 58. 
 
 Reagan, J. H., 59. 
 
 Real Folks, 72. 
 
 Recollections of Ten Years passed in the 
 
 Valley of the Mississippi, 40. 
 Red Eagle, The, 58. 
 Red Book, The, 46. 
 Redfield, William C, 52. 
 Reed, Henry, 52. 
 
 Re-establishment of peace between Tur- 
 key and Russia, 53. 
 
 Repplier, Agnes, 84. 
 
 Representative Men, 44. 
 
 Republic, first, in France, 17. 
 
 Reuben and Rachel, 30. 
 
 Reunited, 72. 
 
 Revenue of Post Office, 21. 
 
 Revieio of Military Operations in North 
 America from 1753-1756, A, 16. 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 15. 
 
 Rhode Island, 6, 7, 17, 43. 
 
 Ribaut, Jean, 4. 
 
 Richmond, Va., 81 ; evacuated, 61. 
 
 Ridpath, John Clark, 78. 
 
 Riel, Louis, captured, 75. 
 
 Right Moral Influence and Use of Liberal 
 Studies, The, 40. 
 
 Rights and Wrongs, Power and Policy 
 of the United States of America, 56. 
 
 Riggs, Mrs. George C. (Kate Douglas 
 Wiggin), 82. 
 
 Riley, James Whitcomb, 80. 
 
 Rise and Fall of the Confederate Gov- 
 ernment, 72. 
 
 Rise of the Dutch Republic, 60. 
 
 Rives, Amelie, 82. 
 
 Roanoke Island, 4. 
 
 Roberval, 2. 
 
 Robeson, George M., 62. 
 
 Robespierre, 19. 
 
 Robinson, Edward, 56. 
 
 Roche, Marquis de la, 2. 
 
 Rochelle, siege of, 7. 
 
 Rodney, Ccesar, 15, 26. 
 
 Roe, E. P., 68. 
 
 Rogers, John, 32. 
 
 Romantic Scenes in Southwestern His- 
 tory, 58. 
 Rome, 27. 
 
 Rome, History of, 50. 
 Rosebery, Earl of, 83. 
 Ross, George, 15. 
 Roughing It,j2. 
 Roumania, 86. 
 Rudder, Grange, 74. 
 Rudolph, crown prince of Austria, 
 
 79- 
 Ruling Passion, The, 24. 
 Rush, Benjamin, 15, 24. 
 Rush, Richard, 28, 30, 32. 
 Rusk, J. M., 76. 
 Russell, Lord John, 49, 57, 61. 
 
04 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Russia, ii, 14, 15, 19, 23, 25, 37, 39, 53, 
 71,85,86; Emancipation of serfs in, 59. 
 Russia, French in, 29. 
 Rutherford, M., 82. 
 Rutledge, Edward, 15. 
 Ryan, Abraham Joseph, 72. 
 Rye-house plot, 11. 
 
 St. Augustine, 4, 11. 
 St. Bartholomew, 5. 
 St. Elmo, 72. 
 St. John's River, 4. 
 St. Jo/m's Woo big, 82. 
 St. Lawrence Gulf, 2. 
 St. Petersburg, 15. 
 Salem, settlement of, 7. 
 Salisbury, Marquis of, 73, 75, 77, 85. 
 Samoa, 77. 
 
 Sangster, Margaret E.,78. 
 San Salvador, revolution in, 79. 
 Santa Anna, 53. 
 Santa Fe, 4. 
 Sardinia, 33. 
 Sargent, Epes, 66. 
 Savannah, 11, 12. 
 Saxe, John G., 68. 
 Saxton, 39. 
 Sayle, 8. 
 
 Scarlet Letter, The, 64. 
 Scheldt, navigation of, 15. 
 Schenectady, 37. 
 Schlegel, 45. 
 
 Schleswig-Holstein war, 61. 
 Schofield, John M., 62. 
 Schurz, Carl, 66. 
 Science of English Verse, 68. 
 Science of Government, Lectures on, 42. 
 Scotland, 5, 11. 
 Scottish covenant, 9. 
 Scout, The, 46. 
 Seat of Government, 23. 
 Seawell, Molly Elliot, 82. 
 Sebastopol, siege of, 53. 
 Seceded states, 57, 59, 63. 
 Sedgwick, Catherine, 56. 
 Self-culture, Essay on, 40. 
 Seminole Indians, war with, 31, 39. 
 Sepoy rebellion, 57. 
 
 Serious Inquiry into the Nature and 
 Effects of the Stage, 18. 
 
 Servant Girl Question, The, 68. 
 
 Servia, 86. 
 
 Seven Years' war, 11. 
 
 Seven Weeks' war, 61. 
 
 Sewall, Jonathan M., 20. 
 
 Seward, William H., 58. 
 
 Sewing machine, 47. 
 
 Seymour, H., 75. 
 
 Shakespeare, 7. 
 
 Shaw, Henry W., 62. 
 
 Shays's Rebellion, 14. 
 
 Shelley, 33. 
 
 Shepard, Thomas, 6. 
 
 Sheridan's Ride, 58. 
 
 Sherman, Frank Dempster, 82. 
 
 Sherman, John, 66. 
 
 Sherman, Roger, 13. 
 
 Sherman Silver Bill, 83. 
 
 Shillaber, Benjamin P. (Mrs. Parting- 
 ton), 64. 
 
 Short Relation, A, 4. 
 
 Siam, crown prince of, 85. 
 
 Sigourney, Lydia Huntley, 56. 
 
 Sikhs, 47. 
 
 Simms, William Gilmore, 46. 
 
 Sioux, war with, 67. 
 
 " Sirius," The, 41. 
 
 Sketch Book, 46. 
 
 Sketches of American Policy, 26. 
 
 Sketches of Eu?opean Capitals, 50. • 
 
 Sketches of History, Life and Manners in 
 the West, 56. 
 
 Slave emancipation, 61, 65. 
 
 Slavery, 42. 
 
 Slave trade, 27. 
 
 Smith, Caleb B., 58. 
 
 Smith, Captain John, 4. 
 
 Smith, Charles H. (Bill Arp), 64. 
 
 Smith, F. Hopkinson, 76. 
 
 Smith, Hoke, 80. 
 
 Smith, James, 15. 
 
 Smith, Robert, 24, 26. 
 
 Smithsonian Institution, 47. 
 
 Snow-bound, 74. 
 
 Sophia May. See Clark. 
 
 South American republics, 33. 
 i Southampton insurrection, 37. 
 
 Southard, Samuel L., 32, 34. 
 
 South Carolina, 2, 8, 9, 14, 17, 57. 
 
 South Carolina, History of the Revolution 
 in, 24. 
 
INDEX 
 
 :o5 
 
 Southern Rights Association, 51. 
 
 Spain, 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 25, 29, 86. 
 
 Spain, Carlists' rebellion in, 39. 
 
 Spain, civil war in, 33, 39. 
 
 Spain, disputed succession in, 37. 
 
 Spain,»disputes with, 25, 
 
 Spaniards, 15. 
 
 Sparks, Jared, 54. 
 
 Sparrow-grass Papers, 60. 
 
 Specie payments, 69. 
 
 Speed, James, 60. 
 
 Spencer, John C, 42. 
 
 Spofford, Harriet Prescott, 68. 
 
 Spy, The, 46. 
 
 Stage, Serious Inquiry into the Naturt 
 
 and Effects of, 18. 
 Stanley, 79. 
 Stansberry, H. F., 60. 
 Stanton, Edwin M., 56, 60. 
 Stanton, Frank L., 80. 
 Stanton, Henry M., 80. 
 Stanwix, Fort, 14. 
 Star Route frauds, 71. 
 Star-spangled Banner, The, 30. 
 States, Confederate, 59. 
 Steamboat, first, 27. 
 Steamboat, first, on the Ohio, 29. 
 Steam-engine, 13. 
 Steamship, 31. 
 
 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, 78. 
 Stephens, Alexander H., 59, 64, 73. 
 Stevenson, Adlai E., 80. 
 Stiles, Ezra, 18. 
 Stockard, H. Jerome, 82. 
 Stockton, Frank R., 74. 
 Stockton, Richard, 13. 
 Stoddert, Benjamin, 22. 
 Stone, Thomas, 15. 
 Stories for Young Persons, 56. 
 Storms on Atlantic seaboard, 83. 
 Story of a Bad Boy, 74. 
 Story of Kennett, The, 66. 
 Story, Joseph, 42. 
 Story, William Wetmore, 56. 
 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 54. 
 Strachey, William, 4. 
 Strike ended, 85. 
 Stuart, Alexander H. H., 48. 
 Stuart, Mary, 5. 
 Stuart, Ruth McEnery, 84. 
 Stuyvesant, Peter, 8. 
 
 Sub-treasury bill, 41. 
 
 Sudan, 71. 
 
 Sudan, war in, 73. 
 
 Suez Canal, 63. 
 
 Sullivan, John, 16. 
 
 Sullivans Expedition against the "Six 
 Nations," 12. 
 
 Sultan, 39. 
 
 Summer on the Lakes, 44. 
 
 Sumter, Fort, 59. 
 
 Supreme Court of United" States, 16, 20, 
 24, 26, 30, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44, 48, 52, 54, 
 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 81, 82, 83. 
 
 Surrey of Eagle's Nest, 68. 
 
 Susanna Rowson, 30. 
 
 Swallow Barn, The, 46. 
 
 Sweden, 14. 
 
 Sweden, king of, 45. 
 
 Swedes, 9. 
 
 Swiss Republic, 86. 
 
 Switzerland, civil war in, 47. 
 
 Switzerland, expulsion of Jesuits from, 47. 
 
 Sylphs of the Season, The, 42. 
 
 Systematic Theology, 52. 
 
 System of Divinity, 40. 
 
 T. 
 Taft, Alphonso, 66. 
 Tahiti, Isle of, 45. 
 Tales and Essays for Children, 56. 
 Tales and Sketches of Home, 56. 
 Tales of a Tune and Place, 74. 
 Tales of a Traveller, 46. 
 Talleyrand, 41. 
 
 Talleyrand's Descent into Hell, 20. 
 Taney, Roger Brooke, 36, 40, 42, 44, 48, 
 
 52, 54. 58. 
 Tanglewood Tales, 64. 
 Tariff, 31, 37. 
 Taylor, Bayard, 66. 
 Taylor, General Zachary, 39, 48, 49. 
 Taylor, George, 15. 
 
 Tea, destruction of, 13. [51. 
 
 Telegraph between France and England, 
 Telegraph, first line, 45. 
 Telegraph in England, 21. 
 Telemaque, Poetical Translation of, 20. 
 Telephone, Bell, 67. 
 Telescope, inventor of, 13. 
 Teller, Henry M., 70. 
 Tempest, The, 60. 
 
:o6 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Temptation of Venus, The, 68. 
 Tennessee, 21. 
 Tennyson died, 81. 
 
 Terhune, M. V. (Marion Harland), 72. 
 Terrible Tractoration, The, 36. 
 Texas, 39, 41, 45, 59. 
 Thacher, Dr. James, 42. 
 Thackeray, William M., 61. 
 Thanatopsis, 64. 
 Thanet, Octave. See French. 
 That Lass 0' Lowrie's, 78. 
 Thaxter, Celia L„ 78. 
 Their Wedding Journey, 74. 
 Theology Explained and Defended, 28. 
 Theology, Outlines of, 62. 
 Thiers, M. Louis A., 41, 65, 67. 
 Thomas, Allen C, 80. 
 Thomas, Edith M., 84. 
 Thomas, Isaiah, 34. 
 Thomas, Philip F., 56. 
 Thompson, D. P., 56. 
 Thompson, Jacob, 54. 
 Thompson, Maurice, 60. 
 Thompson, Richard W., 66. 
 Thompson, Smith, 30. 
 Thoreau, Henry D., 44. 
 Thornton, Matthew, 13. 
 Thoughts on Family Worship, 52. 
 Thoughts on the Poets, 64. 
 Tiger Lilies, 68. 
 Tilden, S. J., 75. 
 Tippecanoe, battle of, 29. 
 Tippoo Sahib, 19. 
 Titcomb Letters, The, 66. 
 Titian, 5. 
 
 Tompkins, D. D., 30. 
 Tompson, Benjamin, 8. 
 Tom Thornton, 48. 
 Tonquin, French in, 73. 
 Toombs, Robert, 59. 
 Toucey, Isaac, 46, 54. 
 Tracy, Benjamin F., 76. 
 Trafalgar, battle of, 25. 
 Transvaal, 85. 
 
 Treaty, 14, 15, 21, 23, 25, 27. 
 Treaty between China and Russia, 15. 
 Treaty between England and France, 15. 
 Treaty between France and China, 73. 
 Treaty between France and Russia, 15. 
 Treaty between Great Britain and the 
 Brazils, 29. 
 
 Treaty between United States and Korea, 
 
 73- 
 Treaty of peace between England and 
 
 China, 43. 
 Treaty of peace between Russia and 
 
 Turkey, 37. 
 Treaty with China, 63. 
 Trenton, battle of, 12. 
 Tribunal, revolutionary, 19. 
 Tripoli, 83. 
 
 Tripoli bombarded, 25. 
 Tripoli, harbor of, 25. 
 Tripoli, peace with, 25. 
 Tripoli, war with, 23. 
 
 Trip to Parnassus, A, 30. 
 
 Trowbridge, J. T., 64. 
 
 Trumbull, John, 26. 
 
 Tucker, Nathaniel Beverly, 40. 
 
 Tucker, St. George, 32. 
 
 Tuckerman, H. T., 64. 
 
 Tunis, 23. 
 
 Turkey, 19, 25. 
 
 Turko-Russian war, the, 67. 
 
 Turks, 11. 
 
 Turks defeated, 33. 
 
 Two Ways of Dying for a Husband, 50. 
 
 Two Years before the Mast, 62. 
 Tyler, John, 40, 43. 
 Tyler, Moses Coit, 70. 
 Tyler, Royal, 16. 
 Tyndale, William, 3. 
 
 U. 
 Uncle of an Angel, The, 78. 
 Uncle Tom's Cabin, 54. 
 Union, states admitted to, 19, 21, 25, 29, 
 
 31. 33- 39. 45. 47.49. 55. 57, 59. 61, 63, 
 
 65. 77, 79, 85. 
 Union, states withdrawn from, 57, 59. 
 United Netherlands, history of, 60. 
 United States, 5, 12, 14, 19, 23, 25, 27, 29, 
 
 31. 43. 45. 47. 49. 61, 67, 69, 73, 77, 81, 
 
 85. 
 United States, bank of, 19, 39, 43. 
 United States, Constitution of, 14. 
 United States, government of, 31. 
 United States, History of, 50, 54, 58, 64, 78, 
 
 80. 
 United States, life-saving service of, 67. 
 United States, newspapers in, 23. 
 United States, public debt of, 49. 
 
INDEX 
 
 107 
 
 United States troops sent to Chicago, 85. 
 Universal History, 50. 
 University of Athens, Ga., 23. 
 University, Pennsylvania, 11. 
 Upshur, Abel P., 42. 
 Usher, John P., 60. 
 Utah, 47, 85. 
 
 V. 
 Valentia Bay, 57. 
 Valerian, 22. 
 Valley Forge, 12. 
 Van Buren, Martin, 36, 38. 
 Van Dyke, Henry J., 84. 
 Venezuela, 69, 83. 
 
 Venice, democratic government in, 21. 
 Vermont, 19. 
 Verplank, Gulian C, 40. 
 Verrazanni, Giovanni da, 2. 
 Vespucci, Amerigo, 2. 
 Vessels, merchant, 21. 
 Vessels, French and English, prohibited, 
 
 27. 
 Victor Emmanuel, 33, 59, 67. 
 
 Victoria, 30 ; Queen, 31, 39,41,45, 49,51, 
 55. 59. 63. 67, 71. 73. 77, 81, 86 ; coro- 
 nation of, 41 ; marriage of, 41. 
 "Victoria," British battle-ship, 83. 
 Victoria Mary of Teck, 83. 
 Vienna, 11. 
 
 Vilas, William F., 74, 76. 
 Virginia, 4, 5, 12, 14, 23. 
 
 Virginia, Notes on the State of, 22. 
 
 Virginia of Virginia, 82. 
 
 Virginia, West, 59. 
 
 Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, 23. 
 
 Vision of Columbus, 22. 
 
 Vision of Sir Launfal, The, 74. 
 
 Visit of St. Nicholas, 24. 
 Volunteers of United States army, 61. 
 
 Volunteers, The, 30. 
 
 W. 
 
 Waite, Morrison R., 62, 66, 70, 74, 77. 
 
 W'alden, or Life in the Woods, 44. 
 
 Wales, 69. 
 
 Wales, prince of, 43, 61. 
 
 Walker's filibustering expedition, 55. 
 
 Walker, Leroy P., 59. 
 
 Walker, Robert J., 44. 
 
 Wallace, Lew, 74. 
 
 Walton, George, 15, 16. 
 
 Wanamaker, John, 76. 
 
 War between England and China, 41, 
 
 55- 
 War between England and Holland, 19. 
 War between France and Spain, 7. 
 War between Turkey and Russia, 25. 
 War between United States and Mexico, 
 
 47- 
 War declared against Great Britain, 29. 
 
 War with Algiers, 29. 
 
 W r ar, Greek, 33. 
 
 Warbeck, Perkin, 3. 
 
 Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, 74. 
 
 Ward, Nathaniel, 6. 
 
 Ware, William, 50. 
 
 Warner, Anna B., 66. 
 
 Warner, Charles Dudley, 74. 
 
 Warner, Susan, 64. 
 
 Warre, Lord de la, 4. 
 
 Washington City, 23, 29, 43, 73, 77. 
 
 Washington, George, 11, 14, 16, 21, 23; 
 Embassy to French, 11 ; Farewell Ad- 
 dress, 21 ; Statue of, 43. 
 
 Washington, George, Life of 24, 36, 46. 
 
 Washington monument, 73. 
 
 Washington, State of, 77. 
 
 Waterloo, battle of, 29. 
 
 Watt, James, 13. 
 
 Way of Life, The, 52. 
 
 Wayne, Fort, 25. 
 
 Wayne, General Anthony, 19, 21. 
 
 Webster, Daniel, 38, 42, 43, 48, 51. 
 
 Webster, Noah, 26. 
 
 We Girls, 72. 
 
 Weems, Mason L., 32. 
 
 Welles, Gideon, 58. 
 
 Wellesley, Richard C, 21. 
 
 Wellington, 29, 35, 51. 
 
 West, Sir Thomas, 4. 
 Westover Papers, 10. 
 What is Darwinism f 52. 
 
 Wheeler, William A., 66. 
 
 Whipple, William, 13. 
 
 White, Richard Grant, 64. 
 
 Whitman, Dr., 43. 
 
 Whitney, A. D. T., 72. 
 
 Whitney, Eli, 19. 
 
 Whitney, William C, 74. 
 
 Whittier, John Greenleaf, 74 
 
 Wickliff, Charles A., 42. 
 Wide Wide World, 64. 
 
io8 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Wieland, "21. 
 
 Wiggin, Kate Douglas. See Riggs. 
 Wigglesworth, Michael, 8. 
 Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, 84. 
 Wilde, Richard Henry, 32. 
 Wilhelmina, Queen, 86. 
 Wilkins, Mary E., 82. 
 William and Mary College, 11. 
 William I of Holland, 41. 
 William I of Prussia, 59, 63, 67 ; emperor 
 
 of Germany, 71, 75, 77. 
 William II, 77, 83, 86. 
 William IV of England, 37. 
 Williams, Roger, 6, 7. 
 Williams, William, 13, 44. 
 Willis, N. P., 50. 
 Wilmot proviso, 47. 
 Wilson, Alexander, 24. 
 Wilson, Augusta Evans, 72. 
 Wilson, Henry, 64. 
 Wilson, James, 15. 
 Wilson, Robert Burns, 82. 
 Wilson Tariff Bill, the, 85. 
 Wilson, W. L., 85. 
 Windom, William, 70, 76. 
 Wingfield, Edward Maria, " A Discourse 
 
 of Virginia," 4. 
 Winsor, Justin, 66. 
 Winthrop, John, 6. 
 Winthrop, Theodore, 56. 
 Wirt, William, 30, 34. 
 
 Wirt, William, Life of 46. 
 Wisconsin, 47. 
 
 Witch of Prague, The, 76. 
 Witherspoon, John, 13, 18. 
 Wolcott, Oliver, 13, 18, 20. 
 Wolf, 13. 
 
 Wolfert's Roost, 46. 
 Wolsey, 3. 
 
 Woman in the Nineteenth Century, 44. 
 Women in all Ages, History of the Con- 
 dition of, 44. 
 Woodbury, Levi, 36, 38. 
 Woodman, Spare that Tree, 50. 
 Woods, Katherine Pearson, 80. 
 Wood, William, 6. 
 Woodworth, Samuel, 40. 
 Woolson, Constance Fenimore, 78. 
 Worcester, J. E., 54. 
 Wordsworth, 49. 
 World's Conference of Y. M. C. A., 
 
 83. 
 World's Fair, 81. 
 
 World's Fair ; or, Crystal Palace, 53. 
 Wrack and Redemption of Sir T. Gates, 4. 
 Writings of Washington, 54. 
 Wyoming, 79. 
 Wythe, George, 15. 
 
 " X. Y. Z. Correspondence," 21. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yacht "America," 51. 
 Yale College, 11. 
 Year's Life, A, 74. 
 Yellow fever, 21, 67. 
 Yorktown, 14. 
 Young Marooners, 50. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zamor, 52. 
 Zenooia, 50. 
 Zophiel, 42. 
 
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