'UPVII.No.193 ^ GV 885 .115 1913 Copy 1 iji HI Price 10 cents ATHLETIC I/IBRARY '!■: 3? «/ G.N.MESSER American Sports Publishing Co. Ji; ' ,..r..,. !l!!i 21 Warren Street, NewYorK ( '" '"'"■ A. G. Spalding & Bros;^ "'nX: ■•■:<• MAINTAIN THEIR OWN HOUSES 'J .? "'V ■ FOR DISTRIBUTING THE 'v.^ Spalding ^^ COMPLETE LINE OF v v^x Athletic Goods m THE FOLLOWING CITIES ^^^^^^^^^ ^i^^^S^^H D.«un-124-128niaaMii St. j 25 West *M Street NEWABK. N. J. < 84S Broad Street BOSTON). MASS. 141 Federal Street BUFFALO, N. Y. 611 Main Street SYBACVSE, N. Y. 357 So. Warren Street PITTSBUBGH, PA. e08 Wood street PHILADELPHIA, PA. I210 Chestnut Street BALTIMORE, MD. IIO E. Baltimore St. WASHINGTON, D. C. 613 14th Street, N.W. LONDON, ENGLAND Three Store* 317.318, High Hoibom, W. C. 78, Cheapside, E. C. Wtat End Brancb 29, Haymarket, S.W. PARIS, FRANCE 26 Rae Cadet CHICAGO 28-30 So. Wabasb Atc. ST. LOinS, MO. 415 North Seventh St. KANSAS CITY. MO. 1120 Grand Avenne DEBTVER. 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AV8TRALIA 228 Clarence Street THE SPftLMNG i RADE - WIARK^ UALITY ANDi SELLING POLICY! ^Constitute THE Solid FouNDynoN^ of the Spalding Businessj America's National Game By A. G. SPALDING Price, $2.00 Net A book of 600 pages, profusely illustrated with over 100 full page engravings, and having sixteen forceful cartoons by Homer C. Davenport, the famous American artist The above work should have a place in every public library in this country, as also in the libraries of public schools and private houses. The author of "America's National Game" is conceded, always, everywhere, and by every- body, to have the best equipment of any living writer to treat the subject that forms the text of this remarkable volume, viz., the story of the origin, development and evolution of Base Ball, the National Game of our country. Almost from the very inception of the game until the present time — ^as player, manager and magnate — Mr. Spalding has been closely iden- tified with its interests. Not infrequently he has been called upon in times of emergency to prevent threatened disaster. But for him the National Game would have been syn- dicated and controlled by elements whose interests were purely selfish and personal. The book is a veritable repository of in- formation concerning players, clubs and personalities connected with the game in its early days, and is written in a most interesting style, interspersed with enlivening anecdotes and accounts of events that have not heretofore been published. The response on the part of the press and the public to Mr. Spalding's efforts to perpetuate the early history of the National Game has been very encouraging and he is in receipt of hundreds of letters and notices, a few of which are here given. Robert Adamson, New York, writing from the office of Mayor Gaynor, says: — "Seeing the Giants play is my principal recreation and I am interested in reading everything I can find about the game. I especially enjoy what you [Mr. Spalding] have written, because you stand as the highest living authority on the game." Barney Dreyfuss, owner of the Pittsburg National League club: — "It does honor to author as well as the game. I have enjoyed reading it very much." Walter Camp, well known foot ball expert and athlete, says: — "It is indeed a remarkable work and one that I have read with a great deal of interest." John B. Day, formerly President of the New York Nationals: — "Your wonderful work will outlast all of us." W. Irving Snyder, formerly of the house of Peck & Snyder: — "I have read the book from cover to cover with great interest." Andrew Peck, formerly of the celebrated firm of Peck & Snyder: — "All base ball fans should read and see how the game was conducted in early years." Melville E. Stone, New York, General Manager Associated Press: — "I find it full of valuable information and very interesting. I prize it very highly." George Barnard, Chicago: — "Words fail to express my appreciation of the book. It carries me back to the early days of base ball and makes me feel like a young man again." Charles W. Murphy, President Chicago National League club: — "The book is a very valuable work and will become a part of ev^ry base ball library in the country," John F. Morrill, Boston. Mass., old time base ball star. — "I did not think it possible for one to become so interested in a book on base ball. I do not find anything in it which I can criticise." Ralph D. Paine, popular magazine writer and a leading authority on college sport: — "I have been reading the book with a great deal of interest. 'It fills a long felt want,' and you are a national benefactor for writing it." Gen. Fred Funston, hero of the Philippine war: — "I read the book with a great deal of pleasure and was much interested in seeing the account of base ball among the Asiatic whalers, which 1 had written for Harper's Round Table so many years ago." DeWolf Hopper, celebrated operatic artist and comedian: — "Apart from the splendid history of the evolution of the game, it perpetuates the memories of the many men who so gloriously sustained it. It should be read by every lover of the sport." Hugh Nicol, Director of Athletics, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.: — "No one that has read this book has appreciated it more than 1. Ever since I have been big enough, I have been in professional base ball, and you can imagine how interesting the book is to me." Mrs. Britton, owner of the St. Louis Nationals, through her treas- urer, H. D. Seekamp, writes: — "Mrs. Britton has been very mucli interested, in the volume and has read with pleasure a number of chapters, gaining valuable information as to the history of the game." Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D.D., New York: — "Although 1 am not very much of a 'sport,' I nevertheless believe in sports, and just at the" present time in base ball particularly. Perhaps if all the Giants had an opportunity to read the volume before the recent game (with the Athletics) they might not have been so grievously outdone." Bruce Cartwright, son of Alexander J. Cartwright, founder of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, the first organization of ball players in existence, writing from his home at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, says: — "I have read the book with great interest and it is my opinion that no better history of base ball could have been written." George W. Frost, San Diego, Calif.: — "You and 'Jim' White, George Wright, Barnes, McVey, O'Rourke, etc., were little gods to us back there in Boston in those days of '74 and '75, and I recall how indig- nant we were when you 'threw us down' for the Chicago contract. The book is splendid. I treasure it greatly." A. J. Reach, Philadelphia, old time professional expert: — "It certainly is an interesting revelation of the national game from the time, years before it was so dignified, up to the present. Those who have played the game, or taken an interest in it in the past, those at present en- gaged in it, together with all who are to engage in it, have a rare treat in store." Dr. Luther H. Gulick, Russell Sage Foundation: — "Mr. Spalding has been the largest factor in guiding the development of the game and thus deserves to rank with other great men of the country who have contributed to its success. It would have added to the interest of the book if Mr. Spalding could have given us more of his own personal experiences, hopes and ambitions in connection with the game " Pittsburg Pr^^^;— "Historical incidents abound and the book is an excellent authority on the famous sport." Philadelphia Telegraph .—"In this book Mr. Spalding has written the mosl complete and authoritative story of base ball yet published." New York Herald:— "U there is anyone in the country competent to write a book on base ball it is A. G. Spalding who has been interested in the game from its early beginnings." I. E. Sanborn, Chicago 7n&«w^;—" 'America's National Game' has been added to the Tribune's sporting reference library^ as an invaluable contribution to the literature of the national pastime." O. C. Reichard, Chicago Daily News: — "It is cleverly written and presents information and dates of great value to the newspaper man of to-day!" George C. Rice, Chicago Journal: — "I have read the book through, and take pleasure in stating that it is_ a complete history of the game from the beginning until the present time." Sherman R. Duffy, Sporting Editor Chicago Journal: — "It is a most interesting work and one for which there was need. It is the most valuable addition to base ball literature that has yet been put out." Joseph H. Vila, New York Sun: — "I have read it carefully and with much interest. It is the best piece of base ball literature I have ever seen, and I congratulate you on the work." Tim Murnane, Sporting Editor Boston Globe :^"You have given to the world a book of inestimable value, a classic in American history; a book that should be highly prized in every home library in the country." Francis C. Richter, Editor Sporting Life, Philadelphia: — "From a purely literary standpoint, your work is to me amazing. Frankly, I would not change a line, for the reason that the story is told in a way to grip the reader and hold his interest continually." Los Angeles Times (editorial) ; — "Spalding's book has been out six months and ninety thousand copies have been sold. We understand there will be other editions. America has taken base ball seriously for at last, two generations, and it is time enough that the fad was given an adequate text book." Caspar Whitney, Editor Outdoor America, and one of the leading authorities in the world on sport: — "You have made an invaluable con- tribution to the literature of the game, and one none else could have made. Moreover, you've done some very interesting writing, which is a distinct novelty in such books — too often dull and uninteresting." New York World: — "Albert G. Spalding, who really grew up with the sport, has written 'America's National Game,' which he describes as not a history, but the simple story of the game as he has come to know it. His book, therefore, is full of living interest. It is a volume generously illustrated and abounds in personal memories of base ball in the making." New York Sun: — "There is a mass of interesting information regard- ing base ball, as might be expected, in Mr. Spalding's 'America's National Game.' It is safe to say that before Spalaing there was no base ball. The book is no record of games and players, but it is historical in a broader sense, and the author is able to give his personal decisive testimony about many disputed points." Evening Telegram, New York: — "In clear, concise, entertaining, nar- rative style, Albert G. Spalding has contributed in many respects the most interesting work pertaining to base ball, the national game, which has been written. "There is so much in it of interest that the temptation not to put it down until it is completed is strong within the mind of every person who begins to read it. As a historical record it is one of those volumes which will go further to straighten some disputed points than all of the arguments which could be advanced in good natured disputes which might last for months." SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY D No. Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now - ^ in print, grouped for ready reference c~ SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 1 Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide lA Spalding's Official Base Ball Record IC Spalding's Official College Base Ball Annual 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 2A Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 7A Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 2A Spalding's Official Athletic Rules Group I No. 1 No. lA No. ic No. 202 No. 223 No. 232 No. 230 No. 229 No. 225 No; 226 No. 227 No. 228 No. 224 No. 231 Base Ball Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Official Base Ball Record. College Base Ball Annual. How to Play Base Ball. How to Bat. How to Run Bases. How to Pitch. How to Caltch. How to Play First Base. How to Play Second Base. How to Play Third Base. How to Play Shortstop. How to Play the Outfield. How to Organize a Base liall League. [Club. How to Organize a Base Ball How to Manage a Base Ball Club. How to Train a Base Ball Team How to Captain a Base Ball How to Umpire a Game. [Team I, Technical Base Ball Terms. No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. No. 350 How to Score. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES No. 355 Minor League Base Ball Guide No. 356 Official Book National League of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. No. 340 Official Handbook National Playground Ball Ass'n. Group II. Foot Ball No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. No. 2a Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide. No. 286 How to Play Soccer. No. 335 How to Play Rugby. FOOT BALL AUXILIARY No. 351 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide Group IV. Lawn Tennis No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- nis Annual. No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. Group VI. Hockey No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide. No. 154 Field Hockey. No. 180 Ring Hockey. Group VII. Basket Ball No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide. No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide. No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY No, 353 Official Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. Group VIII. Lacrosse No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. Group IX. Indoor Base Ball No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide. Group X. Polo No. 129 Water Polo. No. 199 Equestrian Polo. Group No. 248 No. 138 No. 271 No. 194 No. 13 No. 170 No. 207 No. 188 No. 189 No. 341 XI. Miscellaneous Games Archery. Croquet. Roque. f Racquets. Squash-Racquets. \ Court Tennis. Hand Ball. No. 167 Quoits. Push Ball. No. 14 Curling. Lawn Bowls, f Lawn Hockey. Parlor Hockey ( Garden Hockey. Lawn Games Children's Games. How to Bowl. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS Group XII. Athletics No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic College Athletics. [Rules. All Around Athletics, Athletes' Guide. Athletic Primer. Olympic Games at Athens,lS06 How to Sprint. How to Run 100 Yards. Distance and Cross Country Running. [Thrower. How to Become a Weight Official Sporting Rules. Athletic Training for School- Marathon Running. [boys. Schoolyard Athletics. Walking for Health and Com- petition. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES No. 357 Intercollegiate Official Hand- Girls' Athletics. [book. Y.M.C. A. Official Handbook. Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. Official Handbook New York Interscholastic A. A. Group XIII. Athletic Accomplishments No. 177 How to Swim. No. 296 Speed Swimming. How to Row. How to Become a Skater. How to Train for Bicycling. Canoeing. Roller Skating Guide. Group XIV. Manly Sports No. 18 Fencing. (By Breck.) No. 165 Fencing. (By Senac.) No. 236 How to Wrestle. No. 27 No. 182 No. 156 No. 87 No. 273 No. 252 No. 255 No. 174 No. 259 No. 55 No. 246 No. 317 No. 331 No. 342 No. 314 No. 302 No. 313 No. 308 No. 128 No. 209 No. 178 No. 23 No. 282 Group No. 102 No. 143 No. 262 No. 29 No. 191 No. 289 Group No. 104 No. 214 No. 254 No. 158 No. 124 No. 287 No 327 No. 328 No. 329 No. 345 Gk ip No. 161 No. 149 No. 208 No. 185 No. 234 No. 238 No. 285 No. 261 No. 288 No. 213 No. 325 No. 330 XIV. Manly Sports Con. Ground Tumbling. Indian Clubs and Dumb Bella Medicine Ball Exercises. Pulley Weight Exercises. How to Punch the Bag. Tumbling for Amateurs. XV. Gymnastics Grading of Gymnastic Exer- cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. Graded Calisthenics and BarnjumBar Bell Drill. Indoor and Outdoor Gymnas- tic Games. How to Become a Gymnast. Fancy Dumb Bell and March- ing Drills. [Apparatus. Pyramid Building Without Exercises on the Parallel Bars Pyramid Building with Wands, Chairs and Ladders. Official Handbook I. C. A. A. Gymnasts of America. XVI. Physical Culture 10 Minutes Exercise for Busy Men. [and Care of the Body. Scientific Physical Training Physical Education and Hy- Hints on Health. [giene. School Tactics and Maze Run- Muscle Building. [ning. Health by Muscular Gym- Tensing Exercises, [nasties. Indigestion Treated by Gym- 285 Health Answers, [nasties. Twenty-Minute Exercises. Physical Training for the School and Class Room. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS Spalding "Red Cover'' Series of Athletic Handbooks No. IR. No. 2R. No. 3R. No. 4R. No. 5R. No. 6R. No. 7R. No. 8R. No. 9R. No. lOR. No. IIR. No. 12R. No. 13R. No. 14R. No. 15R. No. 16R. No. 17R. No. 18R. No. 19R. No. 2nR. No. 21R. No. 22R. No. 23R. No. 24R. No 25R. No 26R. Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis Spalding's Official Golf Guide How to Play Golf. Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Cricket and How to Play It Physical Training. Simplified The Art of Skating How to Live 100 Years Single Stick Drill Fencing Foil Work Illustrated Exercises on the Side Horse Horizontal Bar Exercises Trapeze, Long Horse and Rope Exercises Exercises on the Flying Rings. • Team Wand Drill Olympic Games, Stockholm, 1912 Wrestling Professional Wrestling. How to Play Ice Hockey. Jiu Jitsu How to Swing Indian Clubs . . . Get Well ; Keep Well Dumb Bell Exercises • Boxing: . . . . ; Official Handbook National Squash Tennis Association. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. Price 25c. GUERDON N. MESSER, BP.E. Director of Physical Training in the PubUc Schools of Birmingham. Ala. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group Vll. No. J 93 HOW TO PLA Y BASKETBALL A Thesis on the Technique of (he Game By GUERDON N, CESSER, B.P.E. Director of Physical Training in the Public Schools of Birmingham, Ala. Published by AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY' 21 Warren Street, New York ^1onograp\^ Copyright, 1913 BY American Sports Publishing Company New York ^ am ©0I.A354736 CONTENTS Introduction 5 The Technique of Basket Shooting 7 Shooting from the Foul Line 17 Catching and Passing the Ball 21 The Selection of Forwards, Centers and Guards 28 Team Work and Formations from the Center 33 Training a Team 56 Formations for Putting Ball in Play from Out of Bounds 65 The Position Style of Game 75 Duties of the Captain 79 Duties of the Manager 83 Duties of the Coach 89 The Grounds 97 How to Officiate 99 How to Score Basket Ball 100 o Basket LEFT FORWARD RIGHT FORWARD CENTER LEFT GUARD RIGHT GUARD Basket O Diagram of Basket Ball Field, Showing Position of Five-Man Team INTRODUCTION The game known as basket ball was invented in 1892 by Dr. fames Naismith, at that time a professor in the.Y. M. C. A. Training School, Springfield, Mass., and now physical director of the Department of Physical Training in the University of Kansas. The game has passed through all of the usual stages of evolution, has been played by all types of people and in almost every land. The rules have evolved with the' game. They were at first very simple, but have become more and more complex with each succeeding year. It has been a game peculiarly adapted to all classes of- people, for it can be played without ti'aining or skill and for exercise only, or it may be made a scientific game, requiring careful training, great skill and constant practice. It is needless to say that the scientific game has been the one which has commanded the greatest attention ; the sporting world has produced some genuine students of the art, for an art it surely has become. Basket ball has come to stay. It has met 9 very great need in the world of sport. It is Interesting both to the player and to the spectator. It produces a winter sport fully as popular as foot ball or base ball and develops personal quali- ties in the player which may be of great value in life's struggle. There are many dangers to be avoided and many strong points to be developed, but the writer believes that the best method of playing a clean, fast and successful game is to give attention to the playing of the ball rather than to the play as directed against an opponent. Various parts of the country have developed different styles of play, about which there are many opinions as to their value. It is not the purpose of the writer to discuss such matters. To play the ball successfully demands a very different technique from that of playing against an opponent. It has been the purpose of the writer to present such a technique, hoping to aid some coaches in their work, but mainly to assist young men and 6 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY boys who are not able to secure a coach, but who would wel- come instruction upon the chief points of the game. This thesis does not exhaust the subject, nor does it claim to say the last word upon the various themes presented. It is simply an attempt to give such suggestions as will tend towards the development of a more scientific game, and thus to help towards the ideal which was in the mind of the inventor and those immediately associated with him. The writer wishes to acknowledge the inspiration and help given him by Dr. Naismith. In a personal conference, this student, an advocate of clean sport, expressed a desire to see such a treatise and urged its writing. His interest therefore has had much to do with its preparation. I also wish to acknowledge the assistance of various others, such as Dr. F. N. Seerley and Prof. F. S. Hyde, who have given advice, encouragement and genuine help. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. THE TECHNIQUE OF BASKET SHOOTING It is a difficult matter to give a graphic description of the only proper way in which to shoot a goal, for the same holds true here as in base ball batting, where each player has some slight peculiarity, which is common only to himself, and which he often uses to good advantage. Som.etimes some of these peculiarities are detrimental to the proper form of shooting, and it is for this reason that I shall endeavor to write a brief description of the different ways in attempting to shoot goals, after which I shall describe the way conceded by authorities as the proper one in which to shoot a goal. Illustration No. I . Ball and Basket Compared in size. Let us first describe the apparatus to be used. The rules pro- vide for a goal comprising a circular iron hoop, measuring i8 inches in diameter, fastened to and supported by a backboard 4 by 6 feet in size. The goal should be located lo feet from the floor and 6 inches from the backboard. The ball, according to the official rules, should be round, made of rubber bladder covered by SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 9 a leather case not less than 30 nor more than s^ inches in cir- cumference, or between 9 and 10 inches in diameter, and should weigh not less than 18 nor more than 21 ounces. With this apparatus in mind, first the basket and second the ball, we can proceed with the technique of how to shoot a goal. With the above dimensions clearly in mind, we can readily see that the shot which raises the ball in such a manner that it describes a loop and drops through the rim, from a position higher than the basket itself, has a much better chance of being successful than the one which sends the ball at the basket in a straight line or on an angle. It is a self-evident fact then, that the more loop you can get onto the ball, the higher it will rise above the basket and the straighter and easier it will fall through the goal, that is, on a perpendicular line drawn at right angles to the diameter of the 18-inch circle. Or the other hand, the more directly the ball is thrown at the rim of the basket, the more elliptical in shape the basket becomes and the less chance the ball has of passing through the net. If you will take a circle, say the accompanying illustration, and imagine the ball being dropped from above into the basket, you will then get the same effect as is obtained when the ball is looped instead of thrown straight at the rim. Now, instead of dropping the ball through the net, try to send it just skimming over the side of the basket. You will notice that this is a hard shot, because the circle has practically become an ellipse in rela- tion to the ball passing through it. Therefore, it is much harder to shoot the ball through this ellipse, which has a shorter diam- eter than 18 inches, than it was previously through the 18-inch circle. In illustrations Nos. 2 and 3, I have shown the ball coming into the basket at 45 and 60 degrees. I might have illustrated it coming in at all angles above and below these angles, but in all cases the ultimate result would be the same. The dotted line in the drawing shows exactly what shape the basket would be in relation to the ball when the ball is shot from any of the above named angles. If the ball is shot at a greater angle than 45 or 60 the basket will become more elliptical in form. If the ball is. sent directly over the rim, say at an angle of 90 degrees, the 10 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ellipse then has only the same diameter as the ball and therefore the shot will very seldom be successful. (Illustration No. 4.) We can see from the above illustrations then that to loop the ball is the only sure way. At first this looping may be a little exaggerated. Do not pre- vent this fault but rather encourage it, for it will soon remedy itself as the shooter advances in the art and becomes more successful. With these facts clearly before us we are now able to observe that one of the first essentials which a shot must possess in order to be even moderately assured of success is height, and second, that this can be only obtained by looping the ball so that it will fall directly into the basket, i. e., on an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the diameter of the 18-inch circle. With the above in mind, then, I will endeavor to describe the different kinds of shots most commonly used and show just where they are most successful and where they fail. First, let us consider the easiest way in which to shoot the ball at the basket. This, without doubt, is the underhand toss and is the way in which inexperienced players shoot when they first handle the ball. The real underlying cause for inexperienced players using this shot is that it is the easiest (not the most scientific) way in which to get the ball above the rim of the basket and they therefore instinctively use it. The ball may be thrown from either one or both hands and is sometimes very effective, especially when underneath .the basket. I have known several college players who have used the underhand toss for long shots at the basket, but they were never so successful in securing points for their team by using this form as others were who made use of the overhand loop shot. The great difficulty with the underhand toss is the fact that it can easily be blocked. An opponent guard- ing a player shooting in this manner has simply to raise his arm over those of the shooter and the shot is blocked. Not so with the overhand loop shot, where the guard has difficulty in reaching the ball, since it starts high in the air. Considering then that one of the absolutely essential requirements of a successful SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 11 shot is the difficulty with which it can be guarded we can see that the underhand toss is really not a practical shot to be taught in scientific basket ball. Inexperienced players, as I have said before, and children will naturally use it, and for their use it is probably allowable, but where the game is to be played in a scientific manner, the player on the aggressive must take Start of Underhand Toss Finish of Underhand Toss all the advantage he can get of his guard in his throws for the goal, and this he cannot do by using the underhand toss shot. PLUGGING THE BANK. This fault is one which is very easily acquired and one which will sooner or later destroy the best man's eye for the basket; therefore, never get into the habit of plugging the ball at the backboards or banks. I have in mind several good players who 12 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. practically ruined their shooting eye, for a time at least, simply by plugging the ball at the banks whenever they got a chance to shoot. It is also a fault which beginners very easily drop into and one which a coach or instructor must continually be on the lookout for and guard against. I should say from practical experience that a player should not attempt a bank shot unless directly underneath his basket or in such a position that he is absolutely sure of his angle. Men in the heat of the game and in practice forget that if they try to drop the ball through the rim on the loop and leave the bank alone that they have two chances of making the shot successful. The ball if it does not drop through the rim will in many cases bound back against the backboard and then into the basket, thus giving the shooter a chance of securing a goal both by means of the straight loop shot and by aid of the bank. The player who practices shooting for the basket and tries to loop the ball over its front rim will be surprised to find how many more goals he will make than when he plugs the ball at the backboard and trusts to luck (as he does in the majority of cases) for hitting the right spot on the board which will deflect the sphere through the basket. When he tries the latter he has two things to look out for, namely, the right spot on the backboard and the angle at which the ball will have to pass through the rim of the basket. In the case of the loop shot he has only to think of looping the ball over the front rim, with the additional advantage of having the backboard behind him as an aid should he loop the ball too far. From all positions, therefore, except within very short distances from the goal, I should say decidedly that the most successful goal thrower will be the one who will practice shooting for the basket and leave the bank to take care of itself. At this point I will say that it is often a good policy for a coach to rig up a regulation basket on the end of a pole at the proper distance from the floor and away from the wall. The players can thus practice shooting baskets without a bank. You will readily notice that the ones using the high loop shots are those securing the goals, and that those who have been in the habit of plugging the ball at the banks seldom secure a good SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 count. When 3^011 observe this point, stop the practice and explain to them again the reason why the loop shots are more successful than the straight shots and before long you will have no difficulty in making your players shoot in this manner. DESCRIPTION OF THE LOOP SHOT. Heretofore I have been continually emphasizing the dropping of the ball through the basket instead of plugging the ball ^ Start of Overhand Loop Shot Finish straight at it, or by using the bank, and naturally the question arises in your mind as to the best manner for accomplishing this. It is by means of what I have styled the "overhand loop shot" and the one conceded by experts to be the best way for shooting goals. In performing this shot the ball is thrown upward and for- 14 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ward close to the face of the thrower. The ball does not leave the hands until they are somewhere in the region of the face or above it. In this manner the ball describes a loop as it passes through the air and thus enters the basket on an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the diameter of the basket. It has, as stated before, the additional advantage of the bank behind the basket, if the shot is too long or if not quite straight. The best way in which to teach a player the proper use of this shot is first to have him shoot the ball straight up into the air above his head by passing the two hands containing the ball upward and forward close to the face. Do not have him pay any attention to the basket, but have him beconi'e accustomed to the feeling of the ball leaving his hands in this manner. Do not allow him to get into the habit of twisting the ball. Many a shot is spoiled in this manner. Players should try to avoid twisting the ball in any way. It will sooner or later spoil the shooter's eye for the basket, by causing him to form the habit of plugging the ball at the bank instead of looping it through the basket. Perhaps, as the ball leaves the hands of the beginner who is trying to acquire the loop shot, it will revolve slightly as it passes through the air. Do not be concerned at this, for it is only natural that such should be the case, especially when the sphere is thrown from the body with any great force. What I mean to emphasize in the above directions is not to give the ball a distinctive twist as it leaves the hands. A coach or instructor need not pay any great attention to this slight revolving of the ball, unless it causes the ball to take a different direction from that intended when it strikes the basket or backboard. If such is the case, take the player aside, place the ball lightly but firmly between the palms of his hands, the fingers serving as supports. Have him push the ball straight up over his head. Practice him in this movement for some time. Do not allow the men to get into the habit of pushing the sphere into the air a little stronger with one hand than with the other. Try to secure an even, clean raise from both hands straight into the air. If they will keep this point in mind they will not have any trouble with the ball going sideways as it leaves the hands. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 15 At first the players will, no doubt, shoot a little too high. This is a good fault and one which will remedy itself as the shooter becomes more expert. For beginners, however, it is just what is needed. Some men find that if they bend at the knees or jump slightly off of the floor when attempting this shot that they accomplish their end much more easily than they would other- wise. These, however, are all personal characteristics which may or may not be adopted by the beginner. Hov/ever, from my own experience, I have found that it is easiest for me to accompany my shot with a slight spring from the floor. This seems to add height to the loop of the shot without changing the direction in which the ball is traveling. Another caution for beginners at this point is, never to attempt long shots. Do not get half way down the floor and try to throw goals. If you attempt such a thing the immediate result will be poor shooting, caused either by plugging the bank or shooting the ball too straight at the basket. Instead, gather around the basket anywhere within a 15-foot circle and start your practice from this point If you observe the above suggestion you will be surprised at the rapidity with which you will acquire this art, and thus soon be able to shoot long distances. Always keep in mind the following suggestions : First — Loop the ball by allowing the hands to pass upward and forward close to the face. Second — No distinct twist of any kind to the ball. Third — Shoot the basket clean and do not pay any attention to the bank. After you have perfected yourself in the use of the over- hand loop, you must, if you wish to become an expert player, form the habit of shooting the ball the minute you secure it and not wait to adjust it in your hands. You must come to almost instinctively feel where the basket is. This sort of knowledge is the kind which counts when an opponent is fast bearing down on you and you do not have time to aim the ball at the basket but must shoot almost without looking. I do not mean by this that you should become a grand stand player and shoot without 16 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. looking at the basket, but rather that in the time of necessity you can almost feel where the basket is. Many a goal is secured by expert players who shoot immediately upon receiving the ball from a team mate and thus before a guard can block them. In your haste to shoot the ball, however, do not forget to loop it, for in this instance the high loop shot is even more effective than at any other time. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. n SHOOTING FROM THE FOUL LINE When attempting a goal from the foul line, the shooter should always keep in mind the -main point in the previous chapter, that of shooting high and looping the ball, and also in addition to this, that he has plenty of time in which to make the attempt and therefore should not hurry his shot, TWO WAYS OF LOOPING THE BALL. The looping of the ball may be accomplished either by use of the underhand toss or the overhand loop shot. The underhand toss, in case of foul shooting, is the shot most commonly used by both young and old players when attempting a goal from the foul line. When the opponents have a restraining line, such as the boundaries of the foul court, it is a very effective shot, provided the shooter remembers to toss the ball high enough so as to have it drop into the basket. When using this shot, be sure that the ball is set evenly in the hands, that is, supported easily and lightly by the fingers of both hands, which hold the ball on opposite sides rather than underneath. With the sphere held thus and the feet spread slightly, bend the knees, in order to allow the hands holding the ball to pass be- tween them as they descend, preliminary to the upward lift of the ball. As the arms are raised, the knees are straightened and the ball is looped upward and forward toward the basket. Here again be sure not to twist the ball as it leaver the hand, as this is liable to spoil the shot. After the shooter has become accus- tomed to looping the ball, his next aim should be to try to become as accurate as possible, and constant practice is the only solution to this problem. The overhand loop shot, especially in the East, is quite com- monly used in shooting fouls, and by many players it is pr*,- ferred to the underhand toss, because it does not necessitate changing one's style of shooting from that employed in th^ scrimmage. It seems strange that a man who generally uses th* overhand loop when shooting from the floor should change hi? 18 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 Style entirely when he comes to shooting fouls, but this is what the majority of players do. The man who does this sooner or later makes a failure of one or both styles of shooting goals. Therefore, if a player who has scientifically mastered the use of the overhand loop shot from the floor will remember to apply just the same principles to shooting fouls, he will be surprised to note the success he will have in this department of his game. It is for this reason that the foremost leaders of the game today advocate sticking to one style of shooting and perfecting that one style as far as possible, instead of trying and usually failing in two or three styles. In using this shot from the foul line, some players have dif- ficulty in getting enough force into the shot to carry the ball up to the basket. They profess not to have strength enough. The trouble here again is, that they forget to try first to practice for height, and after that for accuracy. Accuracy in shooting will develop of itself and no great attention need be paid to it at first. If the goal thrower will keep in mind this primary prin- ciple, of shooting high and looping the ball by allowing the hands holding the ball to pass upward and forward close to the face, he will soon be able to shoot the required 15 feet with little or no difficulty. The proper way for a foul shooter to stand at the foul line when using this shot is with both feet spread com- fortably apart, say one or two feet. Just previously to the ball leaving the hands and when the elbows are close to the sides and the ball is opposite the chest the knees should bend slightly. They should straighten as the ball is pushed upward and forward. This bending of the knees assists greatly in the shooting, by giving ?, little elasticity to the movement. Some players, on the other hand, will find it advantageous to keep both feet together, stand- ing on or back of the foul line when shooting; others will add a little hop, but whatever the individual peculiarity the essential fact to keep in mind is the looping of the ball. In the overhand loop, as in the underhand toss, a valuable point to keep con- stantly in mind is the position of the ball in the hands of the shooter. It should be practically supported on the palms, with the fingers lightly touching its sides. Be sure and see, first of all, 20 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. that the ball is set evenly in the hands, so that the push upward and forward is made clean and smooth and not jerky. If this point is carefully watched, much of the crooked foul shooting and twisting of the ball as it leaves the hands will be done away with. DON'T HURRY YOUR SHOT. Last, but not least, a player must take plenfy of time to make his try for goal. Do not get into the habit of running up to the foul line and letting the ball drive at the basket. Take your time, get the ball evenly set in your hands, support yourself properly on your feet, placed either together or somewhat apart, and then make your try. Remember, one point is better than none, and it may be that point which your team will need in order to win the game. So do not be careless, but take your time and make the shot count. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 CATCHING AND PASSING THE BALL Without doubt this department of the game is the one most xieglected by both coaches and players alike. The result is that many a hard fought contest is lost when it might just as well have been turned into a victory had the Dlayer only known how to handle the ball, thus avoiding a fumble at a critical moment. Coaches must realize that before a man can learn how to success- fully shoot a goal he must know how to catch the ball when it comes to him. Many a golden opportunity at scoring has been lost by this lack of knowledge on the part of players. You can no doubt readily recall many instances when a player, if he had only caught the ball, could have easily shot a goal and perhaps have placed his team on the winning side. This fumbling at critical moments is without doubt due to two causes ; first, nervousness, as observed in young players, which should gradually disappear as the men become more proficient at the game ; and, second, lack of knowledge as to the proper man- ner of catching the ball when it is passed to them. The former difficulty, that of nervousness and fear, is one which the player must himself overcome. Self confidence comes with proficiency and practice only makes perfect. Of course a coach can instill confidence into his men, but he can not remove fear from the in- dividual player. The player must do this himself and the best manner for him to accomplish this is to practice catching the ball both on the side lines and in action. He will thus learn to act automatically and reflexly and will not need to think how he must hold his hands or how he must draw the ball in to his body, etc., when it comes to him in a game. When he has acquired the art of catching and passing the ball, the fear of making a fumble will soon leave him. One point, however, might be mentioned at this time which should prove valuable to coaches. Never place your men under an unnecessary tension by threaten- ing them with removal from the game, or even greater penalties, should they fumble or miss a goal. When a coach does this, he 22 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. usually works his players into such a nervous state that they can- not avoid either fumbling when the ball comes to them, or mising a goal when they have an easy chance to score. Try to instill confidence into your men, for if they have confidence in themselves and in your sincerity they will be able to make a much better showing than they would if you are continually nag- ging and threatening them. The second main cause for fumbling, as previously stated, is due to ignorance on the part of players as to the proper method of catching and passing the ball. The best way for a coach to instruct his men in this department of the game is to have them spread out on the floor, preferably in a large circle, and pass the ball from one to the other. In catching the ball they should allow the hands to give slightly as the ball strikes them. The same holds true here as in base ball. Observe the hands of an expert ball player when he catches the ball. You will see the hands give slightly the moment the ball strikes them. The same should be true in the act of catching a basket ball, and should be practiced by beginners and others, with whom fumbling is decidedly prevalent. The act of allowing the hands to give slightly when the bali is caught greatly diminishes the shock caused by impact of the ball with the hands and the liability of a fumble due to the quick rebounding of the ball from a rigid surface. Many a fumble is caused by a player making his hands and arms rigid, so that when the ball strikes the open hands there is little elasticity and the ball immediately rebounds. Another frequent cause for fumbling is the position of the hands when the ball is caught. They should practically be in a sort of funnel-shaped position with the fingers spread. Never try to catch the ball in the fingers. Let it strike the palms and use the fingers as supports to hold the ball in contact with the palms. The ball as it strikes the hollow of the hand is held there by a slight suction together with the fingers, and if this process is observed much of the fumbling in the gam'e of today will be done away with. It is bad policy to hold the hands so that the fingers point toward the ball as it is coming in. If the judgment and vision of SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. the catcher does not happen to be absolutely accurate a broken or *dislocated finger may be the result. It is decidedly better to have the hand held with the fingers slanting downward or upward from the palms, so that when the ball strikes the palms the fingers can close around the sphere and hold it in place. After giving your men the above instructions, allow them to pass the ball around the circle for as long a time as you think Position of Hands in Catching The Underhand Pass necessary. Also allow the men to move around on the floor, passing the ball as they move. It is not unusual that there should be some player especially anxious to make the team, or a little farther advanced in the art of the game than the rest, who per- sists in plugging the ball at his team mates. When such is the case stop the practice and explain the art of passing the ball in the following manner : 24 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. First, remember that in order for a successful pass, the ball must come to a player in such a manner that it is easy for him to catch it. This certainly is not the case when the ball is thrown with full force. Get into the habit of passing the ball with only moderate swiftness. Exceptions may, of course, arise in the game, as when a player is free at the other end of the ball and you wish to get the ball to him in all possible haste. Now, as to passing the ball, several styles are used. The low, underhand pass, especially for short, swift passes, is without doubt the most effective. When using this style, the passer should endeavor to throw the ball directly into the pit of his colleague's stomach. This is the place where this sort of a pass can be easily handled, and, therefore, all players using this style of passing, should try accurately to place the ball there. The ball is generally thrown from one hand, but sometimes both are used. This style of passing is especially effective in working floor formations, but as this is described in a later chapter we shall leave it for the present. The overhand pass is the most effective to use when greater distances must be covered. Speed and accuracy are its charac- teristics. The ball must get to your team mate, who is at. some distance from you, in the shortest possible time. Taking for granted that he is able to catch the ball, the only possible way to accomplish this is by driving it at him. When passing the ball in this manner it should travel above the heads and out of reach of all players except the one for which it is intended and should be thrown as straight as possible at the intended catcher. One great tendency on the part of players using this pass is to throw the ball so high that even the intended catcher cannot reach it, with the result that it goes out of bounds and is given to a player on the opposite side. If you should find that this is true in your case or with your men just try to loop the ball in such a manner that it will pass over the heads of the rest of the players on the floor and drop into the catcher's hands on the other side. Some- times it is absolutely necessary for a man to use this overhead drive. However, a player must know when to discriminate and the only way he can learn this point is by practical experience SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 Pushing the Ball from the Shoulders 26 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. in the game. Get your men accustomed to throwing the ball in this manner the entire length of the gymnasium, by causing half of them to stand at each end of the hall while passing and catch- ing. Guards especially should be proficient in the use of both of these passes and quick to decide which one is advisable. It often happens that a forward will escape from his opponent long enough to receive such a pass and score a goal, providing he has a guard on the team who can get the ball to him in the quickest possible manner. I know of one team composed of tall players who used this style, even in making their short passes, to perfection and were thus continually able to keep the ball away from their opponents simply by making their passes above the heads of the players on the opposing team. In using this style of passing, either one or both hands may be used. Generally, for the long swift drive or the loop throw, only one hand is used, while for the short passes above the heads of the opposing players the two hands are used. The next most common style of passing is pushing the ball from the height of the shoulders. This pass may be classed as a part of the underhand toss and is extremely effective in situa- tions where a player must immediately get rid of the ball. There are also many other styles of passes which can be used to good advantage, but most of these can be classed under some one of the previously named classes and are the result of long and experienced playing. These will be readily acquired as the players advance in skill. There are several points which players should always remem- ber whenever using any style of pass, and these are as follows : First, if your team mate is on the run, always pass the ball slightly in advance of him, so that he will not be compelled to stop in order to catch it. Second, never, especially in case of the underhand pass or push from the shoulders, fling the ball at your team mate too hard. Remember, he is under a strain and the more you can help him, the less fumbling he will do. Third, never throw the ball at the face of a team mate. It is SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 especially hard for anyone to catch a ball coming swiftly toward his face. The reflex movements of the head in order to avoid the ball necessitates the taking of the eyes off the sphere and thus greatly increases the liability to fumble. Any player, unless old and experienced at basket ball, when seeing a ball coming at him in this manner will unconsciously turn his head and throw up his hands to shield his face, thus having little chance of making a clean catch. In fact, never get into the habit of making any pass which is difficult for your team mates to handle. Fourth, acquire accuracy. Practice till you can almost feel where your companion is. Do not throw the ball behind him, too far in front of him or to the side of him, but instead directly to the place where he can most easily handle it. Remember he cannot handle the sphere accurately unles he receives a good pass from you and you cannot give him a good pass unless you are accurate. Fifth, practice till you can pass the ball from any position. Many players have lost golden opportunities by not passing the ball immediately upon catching it. Do not get into the habit of adjusting the sphere in your hands or pulling it into your chest before throwing it to your team mates. Remember, all such time is wasted, and only gives your opponent time t^ cover and block you. Fast, accurate passing wins many a game and is the key to successful team work. It will take a good deal of practice to develop a team which can pass properly and without hesitancy, but remember that a team composed of good passers, who are only moderate goal tossers, is equal to, if not better than, a team of expert goal tossers but poor passers. If, on the other hand, you can com- bine the two you have a combination which will be hard to beat. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. THE SELECTION OF FORWARDS, CENTERS AND GUARDS vin taking up this department of the game, the reader must remember that it is absolutely impossible for me to set down a list of characteristics which a player must possess before he can become a successful forward, center or guard. Some players no doubt will unconsciously possess several very good characteristics which in themselves would make them good players, if these were only properly trained and developed. It is the duty of the coach to recognize this characteristic as soon as possible and place the player in that particular group trying for that position, for which he seems best fitted. It often happens at some later practice that the player will exhibit characteristics which have heretofore remained unobserved and which will eventually make him a more valuable man in some other position. If such should ever be the case, do not hesitate to change the man over to the group practicing for the position for which he seems best fitted. It is only by the closest observation on the part of the coaches and the use of this method of interchange of positions that a man can be developed into the best player. For the first few practices it is generally advisable to allow all the men to practice passing without- reference to position, catching and shooting the ball in turn. Soon, however, the char- acteristics spoken of above and farther discussed later will begin to show themselves. As soon as this is the case, separate the men into forward, center or guard groups and proceed to instruct each group in its own peculiar work. In taking up the important and essential characteristics of the different groups, I will consider first those of the forwards* second those of the guards, and third those of the centers. FORWARD. Agility and alertness are two of the fundamental and prin- cipal characteristics of a forward. I place these characteristics even before that of basket throwing, for I believe the ability to SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 29 dhoot goals can be cultivated, but the ability to move around quickly and perceive accurately are largely native gifts. These qualities are very noticeable when it becomes necessary to lose his guard, in order to work out formations. Should he happen to possess along with the above qualities a natural ability to shoot goals, you have a man well suited to fill the position of a for- ward. Some time ago it was thought that height was one of the main requisites for a forward, but during the past few years many small, speedy men have been playing the forward position very acceptably, so that this idea no longer prevails. Of course height is a great help to a forward, but agility is at least equally important in scoring goals. Then again it must not be under- stood that a man simply has to possess speed in order to become a good forward. All men aspiring to become good forwards must possess some ability to shoot goals, otherwise they would be utterly useless in this capacity. But, as I have stated above, if they possess the fundamentals of this position, they can readily become proficient shots by carefully studying and practicing the details of the chapter under the heading "The Technique of Basket Shooting." A forward's ability to co-operate with the other members of the team is also another very valuable characteristic which cannot be over emphasized. Nowhere on a team can a man do more to break up team work by grand stand playing than in a forward's position. He should not think that he is the only man on the team or that he alone can score. If another man is free and closer to the basket than he is, he must be willing to sacrifice his own chances of scoring and pass the ball to his team-mate. This type of game is the one which wins out, and neither the spectators nor the men on the team have very much love for the grand stand forward. Ability to dodge an opponent is another of the main characteristics of a forward and one which should be watched for and carefully trained. The danger is that it will lead the player into taking shots when he should pass to a team mate who is in a much better position to score. Besides the above, a forward must be able to guard fairly well. He will in time no doubt run up against a guard who can 30 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. both shoot and guard and a forward must be prepared to break up this offensive work when the guard attempts it. For this reason, it is sometimes fortunate if the forwards have a Httle weight and height, although I would not place these character- istics before agility and alertness. But if a coach should hap- pen to find a man with both, he should have no hesitancy in placing him in the proper group for practice. A forward must also become so accustomed to being closely guarded that he can hold his temper under all conditions, and shoot goals from any position in which he happens to receive the ball. He must be able to locate the basket almost unconsciously from any point, as well as be able to drop the sphere through the net whenever the opportunity presents itself. He must handle the ball in a clean manner and not fumble at critical moments. He must also be able to go down the floor, if need be, and start a combination. In fact, he must be on the alert all the time, and the man who goes to sleep and simply allows his man to guard him had better not try for a forward's position. GUARD. The spirit of self-sacrifice and the ability to receive hard knocks without a murmur are two very important characteristics which a man must make up his mind to possess if he is going to develop into a good guard. No other position on the team is so difficult to fill nor so unsatisfactory to play. A guard very seldom receives any praise for his work, even though he may keep his opponents from scoring a single point. This ability to guard an opponent is without doubt the main characteristic of a good guard. He must be fast enough to get around his forward and not let the latter avoid him when working a formation. A guard must be just as speedy on his feet as a forward and should continually keep his eyes open for any tricks between the center and the forward when he is guarding. li he can do this by securing the ball, well and good, but if he is not fast enough to do this, he must be fast enough to keep his forward from dodging him and thus completing a forma- tion or shooting a goal. Guarding is one of the main duties of SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 31 a guard, but ability both to catch and pass the ball down the floor and to work with his team mates in combinations, etc., are characteristics almost as important. There is no room in a guard position for a grand stand player any more than in a forward, and one who can not play with the rest of the players on the team might as well not try for this position. From my observation of players, I have found that there are two types of guards ; first, the running and shooting guard, and second, the defense guard. It would seem that the ideal player in this position would be one who could do each kind of work. The first style, the running and shooting back, especially in the position style of game, is one of the most valuable men on the team. Besides being a fine guard he must have the ability to cover a very large floor surface as well as the ability to shoot goals. This type of player is exceedingly valuable to the team, since it is usually his duty to start a large majority of the combinations for carrying the ball up the floor to his forwards. The other style of a back, that of the defense guard, is the one usually seen, who simply holds his position on the floor and guards his man or any player who may come near his goal. He is, without doubt, one of the most valuable men on the team and the one who is liable to suffer the severest penalties for close guarding and rough playing. He must manifest a generous spirit, sacrificing his own interests wholly for that of his team. U he possesses the ability to shoot goals from a distance, his usefulness will be greatly increased. Weight is a good charac- teristic for a guard, as it enables him to stand the hard knocks which are sure to come to him. Height, also, if combined with the other characteristics, is a good quality and one which gives a great advantage, especially if playing a running guard. CENTER. The man who should be chosen for a center must have all the speed of a forward, the guarding abilities of a back, ability to score baskets and, in addition, height. Of course, I am speaking of an ideal center. He must be a man of cool head, with the ability to size up conditions and act quickly. He must 82 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. also be able to give signals and tap the ball correctly, so that his combinations will take all possible advantage of the weak points of the opponents. In fact, he must be about the best all round man on the team. He must be exceedingly fast on his feet, so as to take proper advantage of his height, and this should enable him to be one of the principal point gainers on the team. Here again he must be a man who is entirely devoted to team play, tapping, passing or shooting, as may be neces- sary to secure the goal. This position is not an easy one to fill and coaches should be particularly careful in choosing the man for it. If the proper man is secured at the beginning of the season the team will no doubt be successful, but if a mistake is made, it will be exceedingly hard to adjust matters after playing has begun. Like a guard, a center must be a man who can stand hard knocks and not lose his temper. His posi- tion is one of the greatest importance to a team and very often unfair means are taken to prevent him from starting combina- tions and scoring goals. He must be ready to accept these con- ditions when they come, and yet remain cool, for his accuracy will determine the effectiveness of most of the combinations started from the center position. Some candidate may decide after reading this attempt to describe the necessary qualities for a forward, center and guard, that it is useles for him to try. Suoh a man must remember that many of these characteristics are gained only after years of effort. The race is not always to those by nature .swift. Hard work on your part may so develop those somewhat imper- fect qualities that you will be surprised at the progress you make. No player makes permanent progress when depending upon native ability. Practice makes perfect, for a man is only one-fifth of the team, and it is the team which must win. Such practice fits one to live as well as to play. SPALWNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39 TEAM WORK AND FORMATIONS FROM THE CENTER The first fact to remember, if you are going to round out a successful team, is that there must be absolute harmony among the players and that they must play together at all times and be willing to sacrifice their own chances of scoring a goal if need be in order to allow another member of their team to score, provided he has a better chance. Team work must be the motto from the start. In no other sport can a grand stand player prove so detrimental to a team as in basket ball, and in no sport does he become more disliked. In a team which consists of five men, a few have no possible chance of making a suc- cessful record and the best thing it can do is either to get rid of these men at once or let them know that unless they co-operate with the other members of the quintet they will have to be sacrificed for the good of the team. A grand stand player is likely to be successful in some of his shots, but in the majority of cases he deprives one of his team mates of a far surer opportunity to score from a point much nearer the goal. In the illustrated formations which follow, you will observe how each formation brings the ball up :o within a short distance of the goal and thus greatly increases t,he chance for a successful shot. However, this must not be understood as discouraging long shots. Whenever a player is in his section of the playing surface and there is no one of his team mates free or there is no possibility of anyone of them becoming free, I advocate absolutely the taking of a long shot, for the player in possession of the ball has both a chance to score a goal without breaking up team work, besides advancing the sphere farther down the floor into the region of his own goal, where, should he fail in his attempt, one of his team mates has a chance to recover the ball on the rebound and attempt a basket. But in all things keep the fundamental fact in mind, that team work wins. 34 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. "Versatility of attack is a basket ball asset," says Dr. James Naismith, the originator* of the garne. A team which has simply one or two plays cannot begin to cope with an opponent which has nine or ten such formations and which can spring a new one at any moment. The basket ball season is generally too long for a team to go through it successfully unless it has a series of plays which will give it a decided advantage in scoring points, besides surprising its opponents and putting them constantly on the defensive. It is not necessary to load the players up with a lot of half-learned combinations in order to accomplish this end. Plays may be switched about, the start being the same in many instances, but the finish bewilderingly different from other formations, thus aiding in confusing your opponents. No team can afford to be without a repertoire of well-learned formations, drilled by hard, early season prac- tice into its guards, forwards and center. When a team without such formations are pitted against a trained squad, no matter what individual stars the former may possess, the team work of the latter is most likely to win. Each man of a trained team knows where he is to toss the ball the minute he gets it and his team mates know just where to receive the pass, thus losing no time or effort. Remember, you are not to care who scores the goals for your team so long as you secure them. Do not form the habit of thinking during a game as to which of your team mates is doing the scoring. The work is done for a common cause and the guard who is up to date with accurate passes, while defend- ing his own team against the scoring efforts of his opponents, is entitled to as much credit, if not more, than the basket-throwing forward with a long string of goals to his credit. The same holds true with the center, who starts the successful formation by getting the jump on his opponent. The plaudits of an admir- ing gallery are music to the athlete's ear, but team work should never be sacrificed for grand stand play. In the list of formations which follow I have tried to present a few samples of those which I have tried out with teams and which 1 know can be worked with good results. I would not SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 35 advocate that a team should master all of these formations, but simply those which it thinks it can use to advantage. One caution must be remembered, however, never try and master the most difficult ones first. Take the simple, straight forward and center plays first. Get two or three of these to perfection, then add a few of the harder ones. I have endeavored to arrange the plays in the order of difficulty, the simpler ones coming first, the more difficult ones following, and it would be well if they were learned in this order. Better results will be achieved if the team chooses several plays and endeavors to master them one at a time, than if it attacks the entire list at the start. Then, again, think up new combinations for yourself. There is an unlimited list which may be worked up to good advantage and which are not given here, as it would be impos- sible for any one to write down all the possible combinations. Then, too, it would be more confusing than helpful. In explaining the following formations, for the sake of brevity I will simply describe the way in which the plays work out on the right hand side of the floor, as illustrated in the sketch. The reader can thus readily see by the accompanying diagram that they can be worked out equally well on the oppo- site side of the floor. In working out these formations, it is never a good policy to run ofi^ too many similar plays in suc- cesion, where the center delivers the ball to any one forward or guard. If this is done, you will find that the players on the opposite team are liable to guard these men so closely that your formations are in danger of being broken up. You will have much better success if you can mix" them up, so that the ball is delivered first to a forward, then to a guard, etc. The following directions hold true for all formations illus- trated herein: — : — -— Center ,....No. 1 Direction of ball. ^^ „ Left Forward. . . .No. 2 Right Forward . . .No. 3 Direction of player to receive ball. j^^^^ Guard No. 4 _ -- — RightGuard No. 5 Direction of player to cover position. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. STRAIGHT CENTER FORWARD. This play is an example of how a single pass may be turned into a successful and puzzling formation, providing the forwards know how to deceive their guards. The forward who is to receive the ball from the center must start as if to sprint down the floor and near the side line and after going several steps, circle quickly inward so as to be close to the basket in time to receive the sphere as it is passed to him by the center. Center (No. i) taps the ball to right forward (No. 3), who, after circling, makes a trial at goal. Left forward (No. 2), on the other side, runs up in the same manner as right forward (No. 3), circles and takes up his position on the opposite side of the goal to right forward (No. 3). Center (No. i), after tapping the ball to right forward (No. 3), takes up his position in front of the goal, where he can take a try at the goal, should either Nos. 3 or 2 miss in their attempts. The guards in this play simply stand ready down th:. floor to pass the ball back to one of their forwards or center should the ball come their way. This style of play can be made very effective, indeed, if the forwards and center are fully awake, but it 33 useless if the forwards are asleep and cannot avoid their guards. Forwards find it much easier to avoid their guards if in any way they can get the guards to play them on the outside of the court. 38 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. spallung's athletic library. STRAIGHT DOUBLE FORWARD. Center (No. i) taps the ball to left forward (No. 2), who advances to the position indicated in the diagram the instant the ball is thrown into the air. Right forward (No. 3) at the same time takes up the position left vacant by left forward (No, 2). As soon as left forward (No. 2) gets the ball from center (No. i) he passes it back to right forward (No. 3), who tries for goal, providing he is not blocked. Should he be covered, he passes the ball to center (No. i), who has by this time reached a position on the opposite side of the floor from right forward (No. 3). Left forward (No. 2), as soon as possible after passing the ball to right forward (No. 3), takes up his position directly in front of the basket and is ready to try for a goal, if either right forward (No. 3) or center (No. i) should miss. Here we have a shooting triangle composed of Nos. 3, I and 2, which is an exceedingly hard combination for any set of guards to break up, providing the play is run off with a dasho SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. STRAIGHT FORWARD CENTER. This play can be made ver)^ effective if used either after a forward or guard play has been worked. It requires exceed- ingly fast work on the part of the center, but can be worked with great success. If he can be depended upon, right forward (No. 3), when passing the ball to the center going down the floor, must remember to pass the ball slightly in front of him (the center), in order that he (the center) may not need to stop to catch the ball, but can make his try for goal while on the run. Center (No. i) taps the ball to right forward (No. 3), who comes up the floor on the run to receive the pass and who in turn returns it to center (No. i) as he goes down the floor toward his own goal, from which position he attempts a goal. Left forward (No. 2), on the other side, aids in the play by running down the floor, as shown in the diagram, circling quickly and returning to the left side of the basket, from which position he can take a shot at the goal, should the center (No. i) by any means happen to fail. Right forward (No. 3), after passing the ball to the center, who is going down the floor, darts for a position directly in front of the basket and thus makes the third unit in the triangular shooting formation, which is almost a sure point gainer. 42 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43 FORWARD CROSS CENTER. This formation requires an exceedingly fast center man in order to be successful, but when worked correctly is almost a sure point gainer. Center (No. i) taps the ball to left forward (No. 2), who in turn lobs it over to center (No. i) again, who nas dodged his man and run up the floor to a place of advan- tage under his own basket, as shown by the diagram. From this position he tries for a goal. The minute left forward (No. 2) dashes up the floor to receive the tap from center (No. i), right forward (No. 3) crosses over and takes the position left vacant by left forward (No. 2). Left forward (No. 2), after lobbing the ball to center (No. i). dashes down the floor and takes up his place in front of the goal, thereby completing the trian- gular shooting formation. Center (No. i), if blocked, so that he cannot try for a goal, can thus pass to either right forward (No. 3) or to left forward (No. 2), who can then shoot. Speed and accuracy in passing are the great essentials of this play. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. STRAIGHT GUARD FORWARD. This play is one often used and can be made very effective, providing the forwards are able to lose their guards long enough to receive the ball from the center and try for a goal. The guard who comes up the floor to receive the ball from the center must remember, however, that immediately after making the pass to left forward (No. 2) he must, even without looking to see if the play has ben successful, dart back and cover his man. Center (No. i) taps to right guard (No. 5), who comes up the floor to receive the pass and who in turn drives the ball to right forward (No. 3), who receives the ball after losing his guard and makes a try for a goal. Right guard (No. 5) con- tinues on up the floor to a position in front of the goal, where he can try for a shot should right forward (No. 3) by any chance miss it. Left forward (No. 2), immediately upon the toss-up, in an attempt to lose his guard, makes a feint to go down the floor, but turns after taking several steps as shown, and darts for the basket on the left side of the court and thus completes the triangular shooting formation again. If right guard (No. 5) is found to be too slow in getting back to his man after receiving the tap from center (No. i) and passing to right forward (No. 3), it would be a good plan to have him con- tinue on up the floor in center's (No. i) place. Center (No. i) in turn then will fall back to guard right guard's (No. 5) man. Right guard (No. 5) thus takes up his place in front of the goal, where center (No. i) would otherwise be. No. 5 must, however, also keep a sharp lookout on the opposing team's center man whom he is to guard until he can exchange places again with his own center (No. i). This latter change is a decidedly fast play and a good one, providing the center and guard know what to do, and do it. 46 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATTTLSTIC LIBRARY. GUARD FORWARD CRISS-CROSS. Great care must be taken in using too many of this sort of plays, as it necessitates the guard going up the floor to receive the ball on the backward tap, leaving his forward practically free. Should the opposing center manage to get the tap it would give the free forward an easy chance to score a goal. Should this happen, as it is very likely to, the guard v/ho has gone up the floor after the ball must follow the ball immediately and spoil if possible any chance which the free forward may have of shooting a basket. The different plays starting in this man- ner, however, if correctly worked, can be made extremely effec- tive, especially after several formations have been worked which require the ball being tapped forward. Center (No. i) taps the ball to right guard (No. 5), who comes up the floor on the run to receive the ball. He in turn passes it to left forward (No. 2), who crossed over with right forward (No. 3) when the ball was tossed up. Center (No. i), after tapping the ball back, sprints to a position in front of the goal, thus completing again the triangular shooting formation and thus giving right forward (No. 3) and center (No. i) a chance to try for a goal if left forward (No. 2) should fail in his attempt. This formation will require some very fast work on the part of the forwards, who may even have to make their try at goal by using the overhead toss. But when they get so they can almost feel where the basket is, it is a very effective formation. Right guard (No. 5), after passing the ball to left forward (No. 2), must be sure and sprint back and take up his original guard positon, as shown in the diagram. 48 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. GUARD CROSS CENTER. This formation is really only another part of the criss-cross forward formation, although it has several points which make it of great value, providing you have a center who is fast enough to tap the ball back to right guard (No. 5) and receive it again over his shoulder while on the run from right guard (No. s). If right guard (No. 5), in making the pass to center (No. i), will lob the ball slightly, the effectiveness of the play will be greatly increased. Center (No. i) taps the ball back to right guard (No. 5), who advances to receive it, after which he immediately lobs i. back to center (No. i) going down the floor, who makes a try at goal. The amount of ground which the center will be able to cover and the closeness with which he is able to get to his basket depends entirely upon himself, and for this reason a center man, in order to make this play effective, must be decidedly fast on his feet. Left forward (No. 2) crosses over out of center's (No. i) way to the other side of the goal, where he can attempt a goal should center (No. i) miss, while right guard (No. 5) continues on up the floor after delivering the ball to center (No. i) to a place of advantage in front of the goal, thus again completing the triangular shooting formation. Right forward (No. 3), as soon as the ball is tapped to left guard (No. 4), sprints down the floor on the outside of the^ court to take up the position left open by right guard (No. 5), 50 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. © (ir ^'-^ w SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 91 FORWARD CROSS GUARD. This play depends largely upon the ability of right guard (No. 5) to deceive his forward so that he will not follow him up the floor. Right guard (No. 5) should be careful and not give the play away by starting up the floor too soon, but when he does go up, he should run in a sort of a curved fashion, as shown, along outside of the floor and not shoot in toward the basket until well down the floor. By doing this he both deceives his forward and is able to get down the floor quicker, besides giving right forward (No. 3), who circles inward, a chance to get down the floor and thus cover the position left open by right guard (No. 5). Center (No. i) taps the ball to left forward (No. 2), who has come up in the usual fashion to receive the ball and who in turn lobs it over to right guard (No, 5) coming down the floor for a try at goal. Center (No. i), after tapping the ball to left forward (No. 2), sprints for a position on the opposite side of the goal from right guard (No. 5), while left forward (No. 2), after passing to right guard (No. 5), takes up his place in front of the goal, thus again completing the triangular forma- tion and giving Nos. i and 2 a chance to score should right guard (No. 5) fail in his attempt. Right forward (No. 3), of course, as stated before, must instantly cover the position left open by right guard (No. 5) going down the floor. This play can be made most effective if worked correctly. It is both simple to the team working it and complex to the team against which it is worked, for an opposing team generally gets more or less con- fused when they find a guard going up the floor and scoring successfully. 52 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. (H>.-_— .-^ © SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 53 FORWARD STRAIGHT GUARD. Center (No. i) taps ball to left forward (No. 2), who comes up in the usual way to receive it, after which he passes it to left guard (No. 4), who has by this time reached a position close to the goal, where he takes his shot. Center (No. i), after tapping the ball to left forward (No. 2), sprints for a place on the opposite' side of the basket from left guard (No. 4), who has come down the floor, while right forward (No. 3), after making a short fake at sprinting down the floor, circles and takes up his place in front of the goal, thus again finishing out the triangular shooting formation and giving Nos. i and 3 a chance to score should left guard (No. 4) fail in his attempt. One important fact which must be observed in the working of this combination, if it is to be successful, is that left forward (No. 2), after passing the ball to left guard (No. 4), must con- tinue en down the floor and occupy the guard position left vacant by left guard (No. 4). If left forward (No. 2) fails to do this and a goal is not scored by one of the shooting triangle, the chances are that No. 4's man, who has been left free by going up the floor, will receive the ball on -^ oass from one of his guards and score a goal. 54 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 55 FORWARD GUARD CROSS GUARD. This play is known as the double guard shift and can be made extremely effective if the forwards will keep in their mind the fact that they must cover the positions left vacant by the guards who have gone up the floor. Center (No. i) taps the ball to left forward (No. 2), who runs up to receive it; left forward (No. 2) immediately passes it backward to left guard (No. 4), who has come down the floor, and who in turn passes it across to right guard (No. 5), who has also come down the floor on the opposite side of the court. Immediately upon the toss-up, right forward (No. 3) shoots down the floor to cover the place left open by right guard (No. 5) going up the floor. Left forward (No. 2), after passing the ball to left guard (No. 4), covers the latter's position, while center (No. i) takes up his place on the opposite side of the basket from right guard (No. 5), where he can make a try for a goal if right guard (No. 5) misses. After left guard (No. 4) passes the ball to right guard (No. 5) he takes up his position in front of the basket, and thus we have again the timeworn tri- angular shooting combination, which, if worked correctly, is almost a sure point gainer. 56 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, TRAINING A TEAM The training of a successful team in basket ball, as in other sports, depends equally upon coach and team. The coach must know his men and have confidence in them. His treatment of the various players must be open and square, never revealing either favoritism or spite. A player's success depends so much upon his mental attitude and temper, that the coach must see to it that no criticism passes his lips during the playing period, but only words of warmest encouragement. The physical condition of the players is likewise a very impor- tant matter. The coach ought to be an expert in matters of personal hygiene, diet and exercise, so that he may advise the men concerning their personal habits and training. Every game has its own requirements, and many a game is lost because endurance fails and a man becomes useless. The players must also have confidence in the coach. This alone will instill that never-give-up spirit into a team, even in the face of probable defeat. Nothing so destroys co-ordination, both in passing and in trying for goals, as anger or a feeling of dis- couragement. Confidence begets confidence, and no coach can hope to enjoy what he fails to give. But many a game is pulled out in the last few minutes of play by simply plugging away, when it seemed, as if nothing but defeat could be the result. Therefore, a coach must win the men's confidence by letting them see that he has confidence in them, and that his only motive is to put the fastest possible team on the floor. Then watch them closely and inspire in them that never-die quality which is so characteristic of American sport. Team work is also an absolutely essential factor in this training process. This involves harmony of feeling as well as co-operation in action. There should always be the warmest of feeling between the coach and all members on the team. Remember, a successful team cannot be turned out if there is the least bit of feeling , SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57 among the various members as to who does the shooting. It 'should be absolutely immaterial who scores the goals so long as your team secures them, and if you work with this spirit, success must crown your efforts. Condition, of course, is one of the great factors which con- tributes towards a team's success. Men can never expect to play basket ball if they keep late hours, smoke, drink or dissipate in any other manner. Sleep is an essential factor in rounding mien into proper condition. Unless men have enough sleep to make up for the energy which they have expended, they cannot be expected to be in playing form. I have known several players who have smoked and drank, but they never reached the height of success which they would in all probability have reached had they not so indulged. All these habits injure the "wind" and wind is one of the prime requisites of a successful basket ball player. It is not a question any more as to whether a man can dissipate and still play his best game. It is absolutely essential that he must either sacrifice basket ball or these habits. Now let us consider how "wind" can most readily be acquired. In the first place "wind" acquired by long distance running is not basket ball wind. I have heard of a coach who had his men run a mile or more every practice night in order to work up their wind. The result was that he had good track men but poor basket ball players, because the work on the basket ball court, with its quick starting and stopping, requires entirely different co-ordination from the long stride of distance running, and this for the reason that it brings many more groups of muscles into play. For this reason I have always advocated floor work to develop the wind. I have several plays illustrated in this chapter which I have used with great success in rounding teams into shape in this regard. As you will no doubt observe, the ball is out of bounds under their opponents' basket in these plays and the home team has to work it up to a position under their own goal before a shot is taken. By this method the men come to know just where their companions on the team should be, with the result that they soon pass the ball instinctively to other players. The working of these formations up and down 58 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY- the floor for ten or fifteen minutes previous to a scrimmage, will tire out even the more advanced players and it has always proved a great "wind" developer for me and my teams. Besides developing the wind, the formations also get the different men used to the place they ought to occupy on the floor when on the aggressive, should the ball go out of bounds under their (& & W ® T5 Floor Plan, with Imaginary Divisions. opponents' basket. In this way they are often able to run off a combination or at least start one in a game from such a place of disadvantage. Otherwise they would have to depend upon luck to work the sphere up to their own half of the floor and away from that of their opponents. The signal for this sort of a combination is generally called out by the player having SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 5S the ball out of bounds, as No. i or No. 2, etc., just as the oppor- tunity arises for this or that combination to be worked success- fully. I have numbered the formations so that there will be nc difficulty in knowing what formation is to be worked when the ball is passed in bounds. As soon as every player on the team hears the number he darts for the position called for by that particular combination. You will notice that in all of the foregoing formations, I have given the ball to the left guard out of bounds. This is not always essential. You can either give it to a center or to right guard, but it should be at least one of these three. The other four men inside the court should be lined up, two on each side, with the center of the floor left vacant through which the man passing the ball in from out of bounds may run. This is one point where many teams make a bad mistake, namely, that of bunching in the center. You will find that if you leave the center of the floor to be taken care of by the man who has passed the ball in bounds, and allow the other members of the team to play along the sides until they are within a radius of, say fifteen feet of the basket, you will be able to pass with very little difficulty around most of the teams which bunch their men in the center of the floor. I do not mean to say that a forward or guard should never go into the center after the ball, but what I do mean is, that after he has secured the ball and passed it to one of his companions on the outside of the court, he should resume his position on the outside where he can participate in the passing. The center man should always be in the center of the floor, to aid in getting the sphere from one side of the floor to the other by short, quick passes. The man who is assigned this center place must be an exceeding fast man on his feet, besides being able to pass equally well on both sides. He must also have a good eye for the basket, as he will get many chances to score, and unless he can turn the majority of these chances into points he cannot be considered a success in this critical position. It often happens that among the candidates trying for posi- tions on a team, you will have a big six-footer who can both 60 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. jump and guard a man well, but who is slow on his feet Along with this sort of a man, you may find a short guard who is exceedingly fast on his feet besides being a good goal thrower. If such should be the case, your problem is an easy one. Let the big center man as soon as he starts the ball rolling from the center, as shown in the combinations in the following chapter, drop back and cover the short guard's forward, while the latter goes up the floor and finishes out the combination, just as the center man would have done had he been fast enough. Very often this case happens, and if it does, do not hesitate to take advantage of it. In the floor combinations illustrated in this chapter, the left guard was the fastest man on the floor and thus was placed at the running guard position, where he scored more goals than either of the forwards or center. The center man must, however, be very sure to cover the guard's forward when using this style of play, as must also the guard be sure to cover the opposing team's center when they have the ball. After the team has practiced these floor combinations for some time and have begun to show signs of endurance, it is generally a good policy to let them have a little scrimmage practice, say, one full twenty-minute half. At the beginning of the season, however, it would be well if most of the time was spent on working out the floor formations until the men become accustomed to the proper locations of their team mates. After they have acquired this knowledge it is generally well to give them a few of the simpler center combinations, illustrated in the following chapter. After a week or ten days of such work they will have begun to know each other and then is the time when the coach should get them down to good hard scrimmage work. But above all things have the men know several forma- tions from the center and out of bounds perfectly before they are placed at hard scrimmage. Do not be afraid, on the other hand, of giving them too much scrimmage work when endurance and wind justify it. Often it is best to give them a complete game twice a week, besides runing through their signals from both the center and out of bounds for ten or fifteen minutes. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 This, however, is a point which each coach must decide for himself. As the season progresses the coach will have to keep a sharp lookout on his men to see if any of them are showing signs of staleness. A coach who is awake can easily detect this fault in his men. When such signs appear, either give the men a complete rest for a week or so or else cut down their scrimmage work and let them practice during the whole period on signal work, combinations from the center and shooting. One team which I coached for the championship of the State thus showed signs of becoming stale just previous to its final championship game. I immediately gave up all scrimmage work on the two afternoons each week in which they practised and simply gave them exercise in running through their combinations and shoot- ing. Some of the men came to me and begged to be allowed to have some scrimmage work and even the manager, who happened to be a teacher in the high school, thought that they ought to have some scrimmage work in order to get into trim for the big game. My reasons prevailed in this case, with the following result : When the game finally came off, the players were so anxious to get into the fray again, that when the whistle blew for the game to start, they literally took their opponents off of their feet with their speed. And throughout the entire game they played like fiends, were after the ball all the time, guarding their opponents when they had the ball, and were so superior to their opponents in their passing and combination work that they had no difficulty in winning the championship. And right here let me put in a word about getting the jump on your opponents at the start. Don't wait for them to score a goal, but make up your mind that it is going to be your team which will do the first scoring. The first goal scored is generally worth any other two in the entire contest, so make up your mind when you go into the game that it is going to be your team which scores the first goal. In conclusion, let me say a word about dieting. I have never found that it was essential to put a bunch of basket ball players on a strict diet. T have found it necessary, however, that they 62 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. should be limited in their consumption of candy, sweetmeats and pastry, and especially before a game do not allow them to eat a heavy meal. Players, however, who have their school's interest at heart will not need to be talked to more than once on this side of the question. The best thing for a player to eat previous to a game is two dropped eggs on toast and these should be eaten not less than an hour before the contest. They rest easy on the stomach and are easily and readily digested, besides giving the player sufficient energy. If, however, you should happen to notice that a certain player is not up to his usual condition and alertness in practice previous to the game and you want to bring him up if possible, I have found that giving him a couple of lumps of sugar will generally give him the energy which he lacks within half an hour from the time of eating. I know of several cases where it has braced up men during a contest with absolutely no ill effects afterwards. But a final word to coaches or those in charge of the team. Never criticize a player for a mistake in the heat of the con- test, or shortly afterwards, or before the rest of the team. If you need to speak to him at the time, take him aside and talk to him in the right manner. He will then not resent what you have to say to him and will not feel hurt, but will do his best not to make the mistake again. And lastly do not be afraid to give praise where praise is due. Some coaches never compli- ment their players on their fine work. Remember, players are human, and when they do a good piece of work they like to be told about it, especially by the coach who, in many cases, is a hero to them. A pat on the shoulder by my coach has been more to me than all the applause from the gallery. CENTERS READY FOR TOSS UP. Showing one position that may be assumed by feet when jumping for ball at center. 64 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 FORMATIONS FOR PUTTING BALL IN PLAY FROM OUT OF BOUNDS DIRECT SIDE-CENTER PASS. Left Guard (No. 4) has the ball out of bounds under his op- ponents' basket. He passes it to center (No. i), who has taken up his place on the left side of the court. Center immediately and without hesitating drives it to left forward (No. 2), who has advanced down the floor toward his own goal and along the outside of the court, who in turn attempts a goal. It is abso- lutely necessary that the left forward (No. 2) in taking this pass, catch it while facing outward. He will then, in attempting to turn in toward his own goal, throw off any opponent who might be hanging on to him and thus have a clear chance to throw a goal. Some forwards get very proficient in making this fast shot and it is very liable to come in handy some time when just such a goal will mean victory to a team. Left guard (No. 4), who passed the ball in from out of bounds, continues up the floor through the center after making the pass, to a point as near in front of the goal as possible, where he can be of assistance to left forward (No. 2) should he fail in his attempt to score a goal. Right forward (No, 3), on the right side of the floor, darts down the floor to a position on the right side of the basket as soon as the ball is passed in play, where he, too, can be of assistance to either the left forward or left guard, who has come down the floor in case they should fail to score. Center (No. i) and right guard (No. 5) are the men who mus^. remain down the floor in the guard positions. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 0--^ 0— ^--0 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67 CRISS-CROSS FORWARD PASS. Left guard (No. 4) has the ball out of bounds under his opponents' goal. He passes it in to center (No. i) in the left hand corner of the court, who in turn gives it back to him (left guard, No. 4) as he goes down the floor. If the left guard man is especially fast on his feet he will get near enough to his basket to take a shot before the ball can reach him from the center man. If he does not get close enough to the goal to insure even a moderate degree of success to his attempt, he can pass the ball to either forward and thus complete the formation. The play, however, is primarily one in which the left guard does the shooting while on the dead run down the floor. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC MBRARI. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SINGLE SIDE CROSS FORWARD. Left guard (No. 4) has the ball out of bounds under his opponents' basket; he passes it in to center (No. i) in the left hand corner of the court, who in turn gives it back to left guard (No. 4) as he goes down the floor. Left guard (No. 4) then shoots it to right guard (No. 5), who comes down the floor on the right side of him, and he in turn passes it over to left forward (No. 2), who by this time has reached a place of advantage under his goal and from which position he shoots. Left guard (No. 4) continues straight down the floor until within a short distance in front of the goal. Right forward (No. 3) takes up his position on his side of the goal and again we have a hard goal shooting formation to break up. Right guard (No. 5), after passing the ball to left forward (No. 2), must go back down the floor and guard his man. In this case also the center and right guard form the defense. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 71 SIDE DIAGONAL PASS. Left guard (No. 4) has the ball out of bounds under his opponents' basket. He passes it in to right guard (No. 5), who in turn passes it back to left guard (No. 4), who has continued on down the floor through the center, after passing the ball in bounds. Left guard (No. 4) then passes the ball back to right guard (No. 5), who has also continued down the floor, but on the right side to about the center, from which position he passes it over to the left forward (No. 2), on the opposite side of the court, who can either attempt a goal or pass it back to left guard (No. 4) as he comes down the floor. Right guard (No, S), after passing the ball to left forward (No. 2), darts back and covers his man until further development arises. Right forward (No. 3), as soon as the ball is passed in bounds, sprints for his position on the right side of the l^asket, thus forming a triangular shooting formation. 12 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 73 DIRECT SIDE PASS. Left guard (No. 4) has the ball out of bounds under his opponents' basket. He passes it in to center (No. i ), who makes a high loop throw to the opposite corner of the room, where right guard (No. 5) receives the ball after sprinting down the floor. From this position right guard attempts a goal. This play will require some very fast footwork on the part of right guard (No. 5) and some accurate passing on the part of the player passing the ball, but if these two can work together so that right guard will get to the corner just as the ball gets there the play can be made most effective. Left guard (No. 4), after passing the ball to center (No. i), continues down the floor until he reaches a place in front of the basket. Left forward (No. 2) takes up his place on the left side of the goal and thus we have three men again in front or around the basket ready to take their try at scoring a goal. One important point which is vital to the success of -this play is that right forward (No. 3) must dart down the floor and cover left forward of the opponents, while the latter is playing forward and must stay there until right guard can get back and relieve him. 74 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. This diagram is merely to show the position of the men on the floor when the ball is out -of bounds under your opponents' goal or tlie position from which the floor formations are to be started. The whole team moves down the floor as a unit as the ball is passed in bounds and thus the various formations are evolved. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75 THE POSITION STYLE OF GAME Before concluding the writer feels it imperative to say some- thing at least about the position style of game which is rapidly growing in favor in the eastern part of the United States. The advantage of this style of play is that it allows the men more time for rest, not compelling them to follow an opponent who is not in possession of the ball. This is especially true in case of the guards. We very often observe a guard who stands and watches his forward without regard to where the ball is. This style of game would have no use for this kind of a guard, and in fact no style of play should. The game of basket ball, it seems to me, does not consist in simply guarding an opponent, but also in getting into the passing and team work. In this style of game the floor is divided off by imaginary lines as follows : 5) You will notice that there is a narrower space through the center than on either side. This space is the one through which the fastest man on the team must play. He must have as nearly as possible the qualities of a center, forward and guard combined. In the illustration I have represented the center as 76 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. the fastest man, and therefore his place during the game will be in the territory through the middle of the floor. The right and left forwards will have positions similar to those assigned above, while the right and left guards will take up their positions in their opponents' territory as shown. With the team in this position on the floor it can be seen that r:very man has a place which he must fill, while the person with the ball can pass it without looking to that particular spot where his com- panion is supposed to be. The whole five men by this method are tied together in such a manner that they constitute a unit, and the success of the game depends entirely upon each playing his part in the machine. Let us take for example a team with the ball in their posses- sion working it up the floor. (See No. 1 on opposite page.^ As shown here, the entire team shifts its position as a whole up the floor as the ball is passed back and forth. Right and left guards move up to a position on the floor not further than the center, while the forwards and center go still further up, and in this manner the integrity is preserved, so that at any moment should the opponents by any mishap happen to secure the ball, the entire team can swing back to the defensive. This would be as shown in No. 2. (Notice triangular defense Cx).) The ball is illustrated as being in possession of the opponents. Here the two guards have swung down the floor again to a position where their united efforts, together with those of the center, make it almost impossible for an opponent to get a clean shot at the basket. Right guard (No. 5), center (No. i) and left guard (No. 4), when on the defensive, form sort of a triangle, and this style of defense is one of the most difficult to break up. The forwards, it will be observed, take up fheir position near the center of the floor on their respective sides, so that they can break up the long shots as much as possible. In this manner almost every space to which a clean shot can be taken on the floor is occupied by one cf the defensive men. Of course, I do not want the reader to misunderstand me, and think I mean that a player should not go out of his par- ticular space to help a team mate should two of the opposing team's men happen to be there. The success of this style, as I SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7^ o X o X ^O 1 ^ 1 X (^ ; ; o X , o X 12 2 4J < a f./5 78 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. have stated before, depends largely upon co-operation, and a player, especially the center man, must be fast enough to get to either side of the floor to help either guard or forward- This style of game has no place for the grand stand player. Another precaution which must be remembered when trying out this style is that the guard must never allow one of the opposition forwards to get behind him and under his own basket. If a forward does get behind the guard, simply fall back in your place of defense and stay there. The forwards, on the other hand, when on the aggressive, must remember that they should break away from their guards as much as possible and go down underneath their own basket on the outside of the floor. Much greater success is achieved if the forwards alter- nate in doing this. A coach or player trying to learn this style of play must keep in mind that it is not to be mastered at one single practice, nor in fact in a whole year. If, however, a team will keep at it faithfully the results will show not only in conserving the wind of the players, who will be able to stand the strain of the game longer because of the fact that they are not obliged to follow a man around all the time, but also upon the team work. One important fact, however, must not be overlooked. You must get the right kind of man for the center player. If your center man does not happen to be fast enough or cannot use his head one of the guards should be used, who, after the combination is started from the center, falls into the center space and plays the part of the center while the latter falls into the guard's place and plays this position until a goal is scored by one of the teams. This will be found to work as well really as if the center were used. In fine, this style of play calls for more sacrifice of personal feelings and chances for glory than any other, yet if you can get the men on the team who will sacrifice their personal vanity, you can rest assured that the result in the end will be success for the entire team instead of success for any particular grand stand player on the team. Co-operation must be the slogan in all sorts of basket ball combinations, but in no one, perhaps, are they so necessary or so effective as in this style. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 79 DUTIES OF THE CAPTAIN By Edwin S. Conner, Cleveland, Ohio. The captain is the important man when it comes to the game. Generally he is elected to the position because his team-mates think that he will make the best leader. After such a place is given him he must show by his actions and bearing that he means to give the best that is in him for the interest of the team. No man of the squad is more interested and more eager to turn out a winner than he is. So it is up to him to keep the spirit at top-notch all the time. To do this, it is well for him to show a dash, an alertness and a fight which will spur, the others on. He must know the rules so well that he is able to tell what they are at a minute's notice. With fair play on his lips and a determination to set the pace for the others, he will make a good captain. His real work comes as soon as the team is on the floor. From then until the end of the game, he is the master of every situation which may arise. At the beginning of the game it is well to flip a coin for choice of goal and to have an understand- ing with the opposing captain in the presence of the officials about the rules and ground rules necessary for the contest. Call the men together and explain the conditions under which the game is to be played. With everything well agreed upon the game ought to run off quickly and smoothly. With the first blow of the whistle, the captain should assume all rights of his position and see to it that they are strictly carried out, H an appeal is to be made to an official, it should be made the right way, then the captain should weigh it well before going to the official. Unless a decision is directly contrary to the rules, it is best to make the disputes as few as possible. While the game is in progress the captain must direct the play the best that he knows how. H things are breaking badly, call the players together, for some of them may see a way out. Do not depend upon the coach too much. He will probably be "HELD BALL." No foul is committed, as ball is held only by the hands. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 ready to give advice between halves. Keep a close watch on the plays and players. Often the game will drop down because a man is all in or is shirking. In either case the quicker he gets out the better. A substitute will play a stronger game. When on the defense, work hard to solve the opponents' sys- tem of play. The minute that you find something that will break it up, let the others know. If on the offensive, you find that they are breaking up your style of play, do not hesitate about changing it. Keep the others guessing. Treat the visitors as well as you can. Keep their best respect by showing them that you are glad to meet them. At the time when a dicker is made for choice of goal, the courtesy of grant- ing the visitors their choice is always appreciated. Never look for an advantage unless you realize that your team is weaker. There is always a lot of pleasure in defeating a team with its strongest line-up. If you are going to play a game, don't protest it before the game. Either play or quit. Protests are never in good taste or in the true spirit of the game. As soon as the game is over; call the men together and give a yell. Show your opponents that you are game to the core whether you win or lose. Teams that can take a defeat are the ones which ought to win. Never leave the floor disgusted because things did not break your way. Begin right then plan- ning for the next game. Your turn will come later. In choosing a line-up it is well to consider what constitutes a good player. If a man is in condition, knows the game and likes to play, he will generally make good. Sometimes men who are out of condition play well, but what could they do if they were in good shape. The training of the captain often decides what will be good for the others. If he is willing to sacrifice a few things to the welfare of the team, the others are not slow in following his example. Such a spirit is always catching, and if it gets started it goes a long ways. The captain must be the leader off the floor as well as on it. What you are the team will be. What you demand the team will fight for. So it is up to you, the captain, to do all in your power to make the game clean, popular and wholesome. TOSS UP AFTER HELD BALL. (Note position of feet.) SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. DUTIES OF THE MANAGER By Eewin S. Conner, Cleveland, Ohio. Many duties fall on the shoulders of a manager for which he gets but little or no credit. Yet he is the man who keeps the machine oiled and in good running order. Everything crosses his path duing the season that can be thought of. So it follows that he must be one of the most essentially well qualified men in connection with the team. The following are among the many duties which he has to perform. First, the making out of a schedule ; second, the choice of floors for the game; third, the choice of officials; fourth, the financial condition of the team; fifth, the attention given to visiting teams; sixth, the team on a trip; seventh, the record and the report of the games. Other things will come up but can be attended to at the time. A good schedule is of vital importance to the welfare of a team. It keeps not onfy the players enthusiastic with something to look forward to, but also all of the followers of the game are interested. If it is made out so that the hard games come as the season advances, it will greatly aid in the final standing. This will help to work the men to an edge, which is the time for the hardest and closing ganie. Still care should be taken K.0 arrange the games in regular order, so that they do not come too near together or too far apart. Of course, the maturity and the conditions of the men determine the frequency of the dates. Boys ought to be contented to play for a season of ten weeks, with one game a week. Men can play more often, but there is a question as to its advisability. Make the schedule as short as the season warrants, with no open dates to interfere with the interest of the game. If outside trips are planned, it is well to make them at the beginning of the season. Let nothing interfere with the games which mean most to the team. Often a manager is able to save himself a lot of trouble by entering a league. If there is no such organization it is well for READY FOR OVERHAND LOOP SHOT. (Note proper position of hands.) SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 85 several managers to get together and form one. Then all of the team will play up to the same standard, be nearer equal in strength, have the same object in mind, and will be governed by the same board. This means more than it seems to at first glance For when all are made to observe the same rules and agree to abide by them good results are sure, to follow. Again the managers of the different teams might meet to dis- cuss and agree upon the rules. At this meeting it would be pos- sible to have the prospective officials present to help determine the meaning of the rules. With such a combined understanding and agreement of the rules, it means better enforcement and a more satisfactory and a finer game all around. The manager of the independent team has a hard job on his hands. Between such teams there is very little in common and the games are likely to be of a low grade. Often the strength of a team, the age of the players, etc., is misstated, so that a team of boys line up against a team of men. Schedules should be made accordmg to the strength of the team. It should never be underrated If there :s any glory in a victory, it comes by beating the best there is. Sometimes teams will back out at the last minute. To meet this a contract should be drawn up at the time of the agreement tc the effect that the team canceling the game withm three weeks of the date shall forfeit to the other team a certain sum of money. This should be signed by both managers. As soon as teams that really want to play basket ball and live up to its spirit can be found, fix a game with them. Drop as far as possible all the fiend teams and stick to the ones that live nearest to the heart of the game. In time this will bring good basket ball As soon as the schedule is out of the way and the rules are fixed upon find out the size, kind and other particulars of the floor. Make il a rule to play on a floor as near to the size of the one used in practice as possible. Because of the change of fiOor? many teams of A-i caliber have been defeated by a second- rate five Make the conditions for both teams as nearly equal as possible. Don't invite "the crane to dinner and feed him from a plate." Be square and demand squareness. "ONE-ARM HUG" With ball against the bodi'. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 Most always the kind of game played depends to a great extent upon the officials. Be sure that you engage the best there is in the place Get the ones who are filled with the spirit of the game and who know the rules well. Such men are scarce. So when you find one who knows, can see and has the backbone, to call, stick to him. Not only your team needs the man, but the game needs him. Nine times out of ten the game turns out to be just what the officials make it. Too often the officials don't care foi much but the fee. If they demand pay, pay them well enough to demand a. good job. Whatever money comes to the team comes by the planning of the manager The financial condition is generally in poor shape. Nothing is more encouraging than to start the season with a clean slate and finish with something to the good. Plan the expenses on a scale that can be met. If possible get some man or business house to furnish the men with uniforms. Then live well within the means of good credit. Do not go away or invite a team unless the expenses are a sure thing. 'When a team comes to your floor, show the players that yoJ are glad to meet them. Give them the heartiest welcome that you can extend. Often not even a social good cheer is manifest between the players. Now, basket ball is too good a game for that No team should ever leave the floor claiming poor treat- ment. The best that can be extended to them is none too good. If you have a special dressing room for them, see if there is anything that they need. Fair treatment is always a good in- vestment. For the interest of the men, keep score and every little while post a record of the work of the players This together with a good report of the games will keep the spirit away up where it belongs. Make it a point to report your own games. In doing this try to be fair and give each one who was in the game credit for what he did. Don't fail to have the game in the papers. In a word, a manager should be a wide-awake hustler who is ready to drop whatever he has if he can find something better. He should be proud of the game which he represents and what- ever step he takes should be in the direction of putting it on a higher plane and on a more solid foundation. "HUGGING BALL" With both arms and against body; a foul. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. DUTIES OF THE COACH By Edwin S. Conner, Cleveland, Ohio. The coach of the present day means more to the men who are under him than the leader of any other profession. He is the "Mecca" of their thought and whatever he says or does always seems right to them. He can teach them any kind of a game and they will do all that is in their power to follow his instruc- tions. They long for his advice and company and will stick to him through thick and thin. This close touch with them gives him a chance to mould into their games elements of a quality which will influence them through life. The real importance of the coach will be more felt in the future than ever before. Not long ago a victory would stamp his success. In many cases his job depended upon the number of games won. To this end he must turn out a winning team. Two things were necessary. First, men who were physically fit; second, a variety of play that would smother an opponent. When his men went on to the floor, he knew they would meet a team fully as strong and equally as well trained in all depart- ments of the game. To get some kind of an advantage tactics of a low nature were allowed which might turn the tide of bat- tle and bring the much-sought crown of glory. Things which were on hand, could be borrowed or could be invented, were introduced. This ate out the heart of the game until it was considered by many as a public nuisance. No game, however strong, will last unless he is a living example of the spirit which it represents. In order to make the game what it was intended to be, a stronger demand must be made by all for the best there is in it. As soon as the coach demands the elimination of the evil tendencies and makes his work develop and stand for the elements of fairness in all things, his profession will be more appreciated by all. Nothing detracts from a game more than a lax interpretation of the rules. Ignoring the rules or their spirit is disregarding •• HACKING." One player is about to throw for goal and other player is about to strike his arm ; foul. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 91 the rights of others. The rules must be taught. They are a wholesome part of the game. . The man who can see a chance to crawl around a rule and breaks away from its meaning is doing a great injustice to a team and also to the game. Keep at all times well within the bounds of what the game ought to be. It is easy to let the rules go. The audience knows very little about them. They get their opinion of the game as it is played and report it to others who imagine the game far different from what it really is. If the coaches are proud of the game that they teach, they must teach and demand better knowledge and better enforcement of the rules. It is hard to suggest a method for coaching a team, for each man has a way of getting the most out of his men in a limited amount of time. He is the physician who must get his patient in the most robust condition in a specified time. So all of his orders must be most carefully observed. A team that is coached right, so that it is in its best condition the day of the hardest game, is no little task. If this can be done, then there is noth- ing further to consider. There are a few things which mean a great deal to the team. Often a young coach will try to develop the team too quickly. He has a lot of material on hand, but does not consider the time it took to get it. With young and inexperienced men a great deal of patience and time must be spent. The coaching that is given must be of a simple nature. Complex plays demand too much time and are beyond the ability of the player, and they also demand frequent and long practice, which calls for so much energy that by mid-season the whole squad is stale. When the contest comes the players will be up against plays which they cannot work. The time has been thrown away. So teach things that will be used. A fellow cannot go beyond his ability. The team will develop faster by giving them a few easy plays, each new one to come only after the old one has been well learned. The team must be a machine. A simple one that will work is better than a complicated one that will not. Then of course older men in experience can be worked longer, harder and given more different plays. Yet mature players are often out of con- "HUGGING BALL WITH BOTH ARMS ONLY." The ball is held in crook of under arm and is a foul play. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 93 dition f(ir the hardest game. Too much practice is often the reason for a poor showing. The length and frequency of practice is an important factor. Too much work will kill a good team. Here the age and the experience of the players must be considered. Most players, unless watched, will go beyond the point of all that is good for them. Try to make the practice of a limited length. Demand that the players are dressed and on hand at the appointed time. Never allow them to wait. Have the practice and get through as planned. Boys should not be encouraged to practice more than two (2) hours weekly and thirty (30) minutes a day is plenty, while for men the time spent for the best work should not exceed three hours a week. The preliminary work, if light, may run for a long time, but the actual scrimmage should not be longer than the contest. This will put the men in the best pos- sible condition. A strong, well-trained team speaks very highly of the coach. Nothing is more pleasing to the toach than a team which has been drilled until it is a machine. The team must be fast, sure and in order. It must take every advantage of an opponent. It must have a variety of play so that a change can be made if it becomes necessary. Endurance and coolness throughout the game will help to make the pace too strong for most to follow. The team-work must be filled with accurate, well-timed passing which ends in goal throwing. A team that can handle itself as a unit has been well coached. All of the work should be in behalf of the team. Individual playing must not be allowed for a minute. When the star begins to get out of his true course in the basket ball system, the whole thing goes wrong. Shining will never win basket ball games unless all five shine. The value of good condition is always felt during the game. With a good style of play and the boys in good condition, there can be but little doubt as to the kind of game played. The word of the coach will go as far toward good training as that of anyone. He should demand that the players eat wholesome food and that they get plenty of rest. If each man is expected 1*^^ %) /ed. attempt to guard. No, 2. On in this picture is ing; pre\ _;:L.i. breaking away. rms of hold- -i-ponent from f #^ m # 1 No. 3. Another This and the mt I above picture must be carefully watched, as it is very hard to detect. seen. It is a very important foul, for it always deflects a dirow. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 95 to live right during the season he will generally do it. The fellows must be made to feel that this is true. It isn't a case of watching over a fellow; it is a case of his willingness not to do the thing which hurts him. Encourage the boys to take a good bath with a brisk rub-down following the practice. The bath had better come before the player begins to cool off. Many coaches coach from the side lines. If this is legal, then it is all right, but if the rules forbid it, it is poor policy. For it is hard to teach a rule if the teacher cannot keep one himself. This comes to the point as to whether it is the skill of the coach or the skill of the player that he has trained that is being shown. It is the best plan to do everything in connection with the game as it should be done. Advise and encourage the players before the game. Watch their playing. Correct it during the time between halves and let them do the rest. Teach each man what is expected of him. Let him under- stand that he is to give what he has in him to the game. If things arise which are against him, have him tell the captain, who will see to the trouble. Many teams are run without the players having any idea of what they are to do. This means poor basket ball. The coaches must work more for the popularity and love of the game than for the victory. If they do not some other game will take the place of basket ball. rv| ii^9^^ ]X \ m,^ No. ! - : ,1 _ i No. 6. A form of pushing by a \ ! center to prevent his opponent from to prevent his opponent from jumfwg jumping for the ball. for the ball. ^, ^ No. 7. Pushing an opponent about to throw^ for goal. Particular attention must be paid to this offense, the penalty for which is disqualification. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 97 THE GROUNDS These are the gymnasium floor cleared of apparatus, though any building of this nature would suit. If there is a gallery or running-track around the building the baskets may be hung up on this, one at each end, and the bounds marked out on the floor just beneath this gallery. The appar^us may be stored away behind this line and thus be out- ji the field of play. If there is no gallery, the baskets may i/e hung on the wall, one at each end. In an armory or other building where floor space is too large to put baskets on gallery or wall, portable stands may be used and rolled out of the way at end of game.. Where a hall is used and one end has a stage one portable stand may be used for the stage end and the other hung on wall or gallery. In an open field a couple of posts may be set up with baskets on top, and set at the most converiient distance. Out of doors, with plenty of room, the fields Tnay be most any size, 50 feet wide by 70 feet long making an ideal playing field. The ball must be passed into the field when outside these lines. At a picnic the baskets may be hung on a couple of trees and the game carried on as usual. The object of the game is to out the ball into your opponent's basket. This may be done by throwing the ball from any part of the grounds, with one or both hands under the conditions and rules described in Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide. e^' ' t'— ^ % No. 8. A common practice of pushing an opponent upon a break to receive a pass. This must be carefully watched, as it prev ints the man pushed from guarding his opponent. . ^ s. r" f No. 9. Illegal form of breaking aw^ay from an opponent to receive a pass. The man on the left is pulling his opponent by him and will receive a clear nass. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 99 HOW TO OFFICIATE By George T. Hepbron. The fact that a man is a good player is not sufficient reason for selecting him to be an official. In addition, he must kave character and backbone. If, among others, the following characteristics are exhibited by the officials, the games this season will be better officered, and less friction will be manifested : 1. Instant recognition of a violated rule and the penalty for same. 2. Backbone enough to make a decision and stick to it. 3. Abstinence from fault finding. (The duty of officials is to make decisions — not to lecture the players.) 4. Readiness to explain in the fewest possible words why that particular ruling was made. 5. Willingness to produce the rule as authority for action. 6. Never, under any circumstances, allowing the prolonged discussion of a rule during the progress of the game. 7. Willingness to allow the players the privilege of appeal from his interpretation of the rules to the proper committee. 8. Kindness and courtesy to all and the maintenance of a level head under trying circumstances. 9. A strong purpose to follow the rules in letter and spirit, and a determination not to be susceptible to outside influences. 10. Will not overstep his authority, appreciating at the same time his full duty. 11. Knows the rules so well that a reversal of decision is not necessary. 12. Impartial in all his dealings. 100 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. HOW TO SCORE BASKET BALL By Luther Halsey Gulick, M.D. The increased use of the score book has resulted in the teams getting down to more scientific playing. Better records were kept, and the managers were able to size up their men more accurately. This score book is almost a necessity to the manager of a team who wishes to keep accurate record of all his players ; who made the fouls and what kind of fouls ; who made the goals, and under what conditions they were made. A sample page for a single team is herewith given. In the first column is found the names of the team and the players; in the second column, the goals that were made during the first half. In this column will be found three sets of marks : an X, which is a goal from the field; an O, which is an attempted goal from a free throw, but which was missed, and an X inside of an O, which means a goal thrown from a free throw. The X, of course, counts two points, the O nothing, and the X inside an O, one point. At the bottom of the column is the total number of points made during that half. In the third column are the fouls. First is Ai. By referring to the bottom of the page, under the head of FOULS, we see that Ai is for delaying the game. This foul, together with A5 and A4, was made by John Jones. If A. P. Yost had made another Class B foul, he would have been disqualified. In the second half, the captain thought that Chas. Brown would best make the free throws, but after two failures, he went back to John Jones, who scored two. A score kept in this way is of the greatest value, and without it a scientific esti- mate of the men is hardly possible. ACCEPT NO TUi: CDAI niMflYl^teaVTDAnF.MBDIf GPAMK SUBSTITdTE THE SRALDINGIBDTRADEMARK QUALITY The Spalding Official Basket Ball THE ONLY OFFICIAL BASKET BALL GUARANTEE this ball to be perfect in ma- terial and workmanship and correct in shape and size when inspected at our fac- tory. Jf any defect is dis- covered during the first game in which it is used, or during the first day's practice use, and, if returned at once, we will replace same under this guarantee. We do not guar- antee against ordinary. wear nor agaiiist defect in shape or size that is not discovered im- mediately after the first day's use. Owing to the superb quality of our No. M Basket BaJI, owr customers have grown to ex- pect a season's use of one baU, and at times make unreason- able claims under our guar- antee.which we willnot allow. A. G. SPALDING & BROS. ^"^^ FFICIALLY ADOPTED AND STANDARD. The cover is made in four sections, with # m capless ends, and of the finest and most carefully selected pebble grain English leather. ■ ■ We take the entire output of this superior grade of leather from the English tanners, and ^ ■ in the Official Basket Ball use the choicest parts of each hide. Extra heavy bladder made ^L W especially for this ball of extra quality pure Para rubber (not compounded). Each ball ^^■-^ packed complete, in sealed box, with rawhide lace and lacing needle, and guaranteed per- fect in every detail. To provide that all official contests may be held under absolutely fair and uniform conditions, it is stipulated that this ball must be used in all match games of either men's or women 3 teams. No. M. Spalding « Official" Basket Bail. Each, $6.00 Extract irom Men's Oliicial Rule Book Rule II-Ball. Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- ing & Bros, shall be the official ball. Official balls will be x!>?S!£35> stamped as herewith, # ?^ojJ^ and v/iiy)e in sealed boxes. Sec. 4 The official ball must be Qsed ID all match tramea Extract from Oiiicial Collegiate Rule Book The Spalding Official Basket Ball No. M is the official ball of the IntercoUegi- Ball Associa- tion, and must be used in all match games. Extract from Women's OUicial Rule Book Rule II— Ball. Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- ing & Bros shall be the official ball Official balls will be ^^^^SicTTn stamped as herewith. J^J-——^ and will be in sealed boxes. Sec. 4. The official ball must be used in all match trames. PROMPT MENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO OS A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH Price» in effect January 5. 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices »ee special Canadian Catalogue. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE THE SRALDINGMDtRADE-MARK "^g^^^ Basket Ball Mime© Fads No. 9KP No. 9KP. Solid leather knee cap, heavily padded with felt. Conforms to curve of knee. Leather strap-and-buckle for fastening. . . Pair, $3.50 i^ $39.00 Doz. Prs. No. KP. Made entirely of felt. Otherwise similar to No 9KP. . . . Pair, $2.00 i^ $21.00 Doz.Prs. No. KE. Combined kriee pad and elastic bandage. Lea- ther covered roll style pad- ding, complete with elastic knee bandage, which holds pad in place and gives ad- ditional support. Pair, $2.50 * S21W Do.. Prs.. „„„ No. 1. Knee Pad, knit knee piece, 'heavily iied with woolskin Pair padj 75c. Spaldlaia^ Special BasMetl Ball Faimts No 6B. Goo J quality, either Grasr or White HanneJ, paddea lightly on hips; very loose fitting iW~r- No. SB. Heavy Brown or White canvas, padded '^ '^ ' lightly on hips; very loose fitting. Na. 7B. White silesia. hips padded; loose fitting JNo. 401^. Padded knee length pants. White No, 40. Similar to No. 40P. but unpadded. Q, • J . , Pel" pair, 75c. * $7.80 Doz.- btripes down, sides of any of above pants, extra. No. SB Per pair, 25c. -^ $2.40 Do2. ''' '''',f-!'f //^-'"^"'^ '"'' '^""^'"'^PP^'^i' ^^^'"^ ^n^rked with * will be quoted only on one-half dozen or more. QuanUty prices NOT allowed oti items NOT marked orders fof- with if; PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK ry 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices .ee special Canadian Catalogue. Stu?e THE SPALDING Spalding Athletic Shirts, Tights and Trunks ■if STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. OUR WORSTED GOODS are fur- nished in Gray, White, Navy Blue. Maroon, and Black only. Stock sizea : Shirts, 26 to 44 inch chest. Tights, 28 to 42 inch waist. SANITARY COTTON GOODS. Colors: Bleached White, Navy. Black, Maroon, and Gray. Stock sizes : ShirU, 26 to 44 inch chest. TighU. 26 to. 42 inch waist. ^ Spedding Sleeveless Shirts— Pleun Colors STOCK COLORS AND SIZES No^ 600. Good quality worsted. Each, $1.25 -^ SI2.60 Doz. No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton. . . " .SO^Ar" ^-'T^ ^' Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts No. 600S. Good quality worsted, with 6-inch stripe around chest, in following combinations of colors : Navy with White stripe ; Black with Orange stripe ; Maroon with White stripe ; Red with Black stripe ; Royal Blue with White Stripe ; Black with Ped stripe ; Gray with Cardinal stripe. ^ch. %\.S0 -k SI5.00 Doz. No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6-inch stripe around chest, in same combiijations' of colors as No. 600S. - Each. 75c * S7.50 Doz. Spalding Shirts with Sash No. GOOD. Good quality worsted, sleeveless, with woven sash of different color from body. Same colors as-No. 600S. To order only; not carried in stock. Each, $2.00 i^ $21.00 Doz. No. 6WD". Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, with woven sash of different color from body. Same combinations of colors as No. 600S. To order only ; not carried in stock. Each. $1.25 * $12.00 Doz. No. 6ED. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, solid color body with sash stitched on of different color. Same combinations of colors as No. 600S Each, 75c ^ $1.50 Doz. Spalding Quarter Sleeve Shirts No.601. Good quality worst- I No. 6F. Sanitary Cotton, ed, stock colors and sizes. stock colors and sizes. Each. $ 1 .50 * $15.00 Dos. \ Each. 50c if $4. 75 Doz. Spalding Full Sleeve Shirts lNo.3D. Cotton. Flesh, White, Black. Ea..$1.00*X'^.^<:?Z'^^. Spalding Knee Tights STOCK COLORS AND SIZES No. 604. Good quality worsted. Pair, $1.25 if $12.60 Doz. No. 804. Worsted. ..... " 1.00-^ lO.SO " No. 4B. Sanitary Cotton. .. i , " .50 -j^ 4.15 " Spalding Full Length Tights No. lA. Best worsted, full fashioned. Stock colors: Black, Navy Blue, and Maroon. Sizes. 28 to 42 inch waist. Pr.. $4.00 No. 605. Good quality worsted, stock colors and sizes. Pair, $2.00 * $21.60 Doz. No. 3A. Cotton, full quality. White, Black. Flesh. ?a\r.%\. 00 if $10.00 Dos. Spalding Worsted Trunks No. 1. Best worsted. Black, Maroon, and Navy. Pair, $2.00' No. 2. Good quality worsted. Navy and Black. Special colors to order Per pair. $1.00 Spalding Juvenile Shirts and Tights ONLY SIZES SUPPLIED: Chest. 26 to 30 inches, inclusive; Waist. 24 to 26 inches, inclusive. No. 65. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600. . Each, $1.00 No. 655. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600S. . " 1.25 No. 66. Quarter Sleeve Shirt, quality of No. 60 1. " 1.25 No. 64. Knee Tights, quality of No. 604. . . Pair, 1.15 The prices printed in italics opposite itema marfced with -k «;»^ *« ??""'' j only on ord*r»/or one-hal/ dozen or mvre. Quantity prwes JNOT aUowed on iUma NOT marked with il m^ PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS AOORESSEOTOUS A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOR COMPLETE LIST OP STOBES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. Fo rices see special CanaJian Catalogue, SZ THE SPALDING hbM Our "Highest Quality" Stockings are best quality worsted, have white mercerized cottor> feet, with tripled toes and heels. They are heavy ribbed, full fashioned, hug the leg closely but comfortably, and are very durable. No. 3-0. Best worsted, white mercerized feet. Carried in stock in Black, Navy Blue, '^ and Maroon. See list below of colors supplied on special orders. . Per pair, $1.50 -^ $15.00 Doz. No. 3-OS. Alternate stripe, best quality worsted, white mercerized feet. Made on special orders only. See special note below regarding colors supplied on special orders Per pair, $1.75 -^ $18.00 Doz. No. 3-OC. Calf with one stripe 4 inches wide, best quality worsted, white mercerized feet. Made on special orders. See special note below regarding special orders Per pair, $1.75 -^ $18.00 Doz. SPFriAI ORDERS— PLAIN COLORS-All Spalding plied in any of the colors designated, on special orders only, without extra charge. Other colors to order only . in any quality except No. 4R, 25c. per pair extra. STRIPES-Striped Stockings are supplied (except in No. 4RC) in any of the colors noted (not more than two colors) on special orders only, without extra charge. Other colors to order only in any quality except No. 4RC, 2Sc. per pair extra. GRAY ROYAL BLUE PURPLE WHITE COLUMBIA BLUE YELLOW ORANGE DARK GREEN SEAL BROWN SCARLET IRISH GREEN OLD GOLD CARDINAL N. B.— We designate three shades which are sometimes called RED. They are Scarlet, Cardinal and Maroon. Where RED is specified on order Cardinal will be supplied. STOCBiIHQS> STRIPE 4 INCHES WIDE AROUND CALF Stock Colors carried in stock in following color combinations. Second color indicates calf tr pe BLACK AND SCARLET MAROON AND WHITE BLACK AND ORANGE ROYAL BLUE AND WHITE SCARLET AND WHITE NAVY AND WHITE SPECIAL ORDERS — See special note above regarding special orders (except for No. 4RC). No. IRC. Heavy weight, good quality worsted, white mercerized cotton feet tripled toes and heels .Per pair, $1.10 * $12.00 Doz. No. 2RC. Medium weight, all wool, white mercerized cotton feet, reinforced toes and heels Per pair, $1.00 * $10.20 Doz. No. 3RC. Good quality wool with cotton strand added to increase strength, white cotton feet with reinforced toes and heels. . . . Per pair, 75c. -^ $8.40 Doz. No. 4RC. Striped Cotton, white feet. Furnished in stock colors only. No special orders Per pair, 40c. -^ STRIPED 2-INCH ALTERNATE— Stockings striped alter. nately not carried in stock at our stores, but will be made on special orders at prices specified below. See special N IR "'Ssii.i^i...,^ "°** above regarding colors supplied on special orders. No. IRS.' Heavy weight, good quality worsted. Feet same as No. IRC Per pair, $1.10 -^ No. 2RS. Medium weight, all wool. Feet same as No. 2RC " 1.00 * No. 3RS. Good quality wool with cotton strand added to increase strength. Feet same as No. 3RC. Pair. .75-^ PLAIN COLORS WITH WHITE COTTON FEET-REINFORCED AT TOES AND HEELS Carried in stock in following colors; BLACK,, NAVY BLUE, MAROON. See special note above regarding special orders (except for No. 4R). No. IR. Heavy weight, good quality worsted. Feet; same as No. 1 RC. . Per pair, $1.00 -^ ^/^.5(^ Z?Oxr. No. 2R, Medium weight, all wool. Feet same as No. 2RC. ...'.. " .80 -^ No 3R. Good quality wool with cotton strand added to increase strength, Fee\ same as No. 3RC. *] -60 * No. 4R. Cotton. Stock Colors. No special orders. ' .25 -^^ Spxecaal Wlhiite StQcMimg's No. BB. Natural white stockings, light weight, worn under regular colored stockings. 8.50 6.00 2.50 SpaSdasag If ©^V5^ Co^tosa Soclfes for Atlhil©tes No. SS. Good quality, ribbed and very full in leg to allow for turn over. Supplied in either light, medium or dark gray. Particularly suitable for tramping, snowshoeing and tobogganing. Pair, 50c. The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with ir will be quoted only on orders for one- half doien or more. at one lime. Quantity prices NOT allowed on iiems^NOT marked with ir Per pair, 15c PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANT COMMUNICATIONS ADDIIESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK P- 'T effect January 5, 1913. Subject to chang* without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. sSbsKTHESRalpjng TRADE-NIARKSI?^ No. BBS. Spalding "Sprinting" Basket BalJ Shoes. Made with flexible shank, on same principle as on "sprinting" base ball and foot ball shoes. Extremely light in weight, well finished inside. Improved patented pure gum thick rubber suction soles with remforced edges, absolutely guaranteed to give satisfaction with reasonable use. Laces extremely far down. Uppers of best quality black genuine Kangaroo leather; light, flexible and durable. A basket ball shoe for really first-class play should have leather upper. Strictly bench. made. Per pair, $8.00 -^Sl.SOper piur On orders for five pairs or more, price in italics, preceded by It will applij- . »» nn No. AB. High cut, drab calf, Blucher cut; heavy suction soles, superior quality Per pair, $5.00 No BB. High cut, black chrome leather, good quality suction soles — " 4.00 No. BBL. Ladies.' Otherwise same as No. BB shoes - " 4.00 Spalding Juvenile Basket Ball Shoes No. BBX. Leather shoe, made on special boys size lasts. General construction similar to our regular line of men's leather shoes Sole similar to No. BB shoe. Furnished in boys" sues. 12 to ^, in clusive, only. Perpair, $2.50 Spalding Clog Shoes No 3-0. Fine quality leather. Flexible shank. Pr.. $7.00 No. 2-0. Fine kid uppers " 5.00 No. 1-0. Goatskin uppers " 4.00 No. 1. Good quahty sheepskin ..!L 3-0(^ PROMPT AHENTIOM GIVEN TO m COMMONICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US «,G: SPALDING^ BROS; STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK . PrioM ia affoct July S. I9I2. Subject to cluuig« without nottcaw For Cex«diaa price* «e« (peda] Canadu suBsS THE SPALDING TRADE-MARKSiir Spalding CaUVSi^ Top B"s\sl&eii"BailI SEoes L^ No. No. HH. High cut white canvas upper. Sole surface is similar to our popular gymnasium shoes, but of white, best quality rubber, twice as thick as on rubber sole canvas gymnasium shoes. Men's sizes, 6 to 12, inclusive. ■ Per pair, $2.25 * $2-l- 00 Doz . No. HHB. Boys', lli to 5^4, inclusive. Other- wise same as No. HH. Per pair, $2.00 • $21 00 Doz. No. HHX. Youths', 1 1 to 2, inclusive. Other- wise same as No. HH. Per pair, $1.80 * $19.20 Doz. No: H. Men's, same as No. HH, but low cut. Sizes, 6 to 12, inclusive. Per pair, $2.00 ir $20.40 Doz. No. HX. Youths Boys*. 2^/i to b'/z, inclusive. Otherwise as No. H. Per pair. $1.75 * $18.60 Doz. to 2, inclusive. Otherwise as No. H. Per pair, $1.60 * $17.20 Doz, MEN'S— Sizes, 6 to 12. inclusive. No. IH. High cut, best 'quality white rubber soles. Men's of white canvas, ladies' of black. Per pair. $1.75 * $18.00 Doz. No. I. Low cut. Otherwise as No. IH. Per pair. $1.50 -k $15.00 Doz. No.M. High cut. Vs:\x,%Qz.if$9.60Doz. No. K. Low cut. " 80c. •^ 8.40 Doz. YOUTHS'-Sizes, 11 to 2, inclusive. No. IHX. High cut, best quality white rubber soles. Youths' of white canvas, misses' of black. Per pair. $1.35 * $14.40 Dos. No. IX. Low cut. Otherwise same as No. IHX. Pair. $1.25 *^;j.5SRftLDING No. 15 Gymnasium Shoes must be comfortable and easy, yet fit snugly and give the wearer a sure footing — they must also be durable. Spalding Gymnasium Shoes possess all of these good qualities and, in addition, are rezisonable in price. No. 15. High cut. Kangaroo uppers, genuine elkskin sole. Will not slip on floor, extra light, hand made. The correct shoe to wear for boxing Per pair, $5.00 No. 155. High cut, elkskin sole, and will not slip on floor; soft and flexible; ladies' and men's sizes Per pair, $4.50 No. 166. Low cut, selected leather, extra light and electric sole; ladies' and men's sizes. Per pair, $3.00 No. SOL. Ladies'. Low cut, black leather, electric sole and corrugated rubber heel. Per pair, $2.00 No. 85L. Ladies'. Low cut, black leather, with roughened electric sole. . Pair, $2.00 No. 21. High cut, black leather, electric sole. Hand sewed; turned, which makes shoe ex- tremely light and flexible. Per pair, $2.00 No. 20. Low cut. Otherwise as No. 21. Hand sewed, turned shoe. Per pair, $1.75 No. 20L. Ladies'. Otherwise as No. 20. Hand sewed, turned shoe. Per pair, $1.75 Juvenile Gymnasium Shoes ALL LEATHER No. 86. Low cut, good quality black leather, roughened electric sole. Sizes, 12 to 5 mclusive, only Per pair, $1.50 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES )R COMPLETE LIST OF STOSES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER Of THIS BOOH . ry 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. suBsK THESRALDIN6(B>)TRADE-MARK^ GUARANTEES QUALITY SPALDING WORSTED ERSEY Following sizes carried in stock regularly in all quali- ties : 28 to 44 inches chest. Other sizes at an advanced price. We allow two inches for stretch in all our jerseys, and the sizes are marked ac- cordingly. It is suggested, however, that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat measure- ment be ordered to insure a comfortable fit. Spaldasiig Jeff's fos' Foot Bai: Ice Slocfeey This season we are putting in our regular line the special style jerseys, same as we have been supplying on spe- cial orders to the large col- lege foot ball and ice hockey teams. Made with low collar, woven particularly strong for hard usage and of special quality long liber all wool yrorsted. Spalding 'Varsity Jersey No. IPF This jersey we consider in a class by itself along with our No. IP. No other manufacturei' {makes a garment of anywhere near the same grade. We recommend it to those who really want the best. No. IPF. is, fashioned or knit to exact shape on the machine and then put together by hand, altogether dif- ferent from cutting them out of a Full regular made; that fCpCrVQ «"■« ''^'"K "'^d ned or knit to exact shape •/ EjIxOE* I O foot ball Dlav<>r) and more by foot ball players instead of canvas jackets. On account of the special Spalding knit they are very durable, and at the same time they offer no restrtunt on the free ihovement of the player piece of material and sewing them up on a machine as are the ma- jority of garments known as jer- seys. Special quality worsted. Solid colors. Each. $4.00 it $42.00 Doz. No. lOPF. Special quality worsted, fashioned. Solid colors. Each, $3.00 if $30X)0Doz. Woven Letters, We weave into our best grade jerseys. Nos. Niim«.rAl. nr 'PF ^^^ ' P- Letters. Numerals and Designs numerals or ;^ ^^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^^ desired. Price, quoted Uesigns. on Application. Designs submitted. Striped Usually alternating two inches of same color as body ci__. with narrow stripes of some other color specified bo- Sleeves. !„„ Extra 25c. per garment. STOCK PLAIN COLORS- We carry in stock in ^^1 i^pc ^ Spalding Stores these worsted jer- CULUKO ,eys in following colors : Navy Blue Black Gray Maroon SPECIAL ORDERS— We also furnish, without extra charge, on special orders for one-half dozen or more, not carried in stock, the following colors. On orders for less than one-half dozen, 10 per cent, will be added to regular price. White Cardinal Orange Scarlet Columbia Blue Royal Blue Purple Old Gold Yellow Dark Green Irish Green Seal Brown Other colors than as noted above to order only iV> any quality, 50c. each extra. N. B. — We designate three shades which are sometimes called i^ED They are Scarlet Cardinal, and Maroon. Where RED supplied. any of the atx>re solid specified on the order. Cardinal SPECIAL NOTICE-We will fum c61or jerseys with one color body and another color (not striped) collar and cuffs in stock colors only at no extra charge PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICr ( The prices printed in italics opposite items -marked with * wU be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOTmarked with -k PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO] ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Prices in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. Spalding' Worsted Jerseys SPALDING JERSEYS are knit an^ carefully hand finished in our own factories. Made from clean, long fiber, all wool worsted, of the very highest grade. Long fiber all wool worsted, knit in the Spalding way, makes garments that hold their shape under the severest usage and will give long and satisfactory service to the ordinarily careful wearer. For comfort and long wear there is nothing better than Spalding Jerseys for walking, yachting, boat- ing, bicycling, and general recreation, and may be worn either with or without coat, as they are finished neatly at shoulders, collat and bottom edge. Following Sizes Carried in Stock Regularly in All Qualitiet: 28 to 44 inch Chest. Other Sizes at an Advanced Pricci , We allow two inches for stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes l are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however, that for I very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat; | measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit. SPALDING ROLL COLLAR JERSEYS No. IP. Full regular made; that is, fashioned or knit to exact shape on the machine and then put together by hamd, altogether different from cutting them out of a piece of material and sewing them up on a machine, as are the majority of garments known as Jerseys. Special quality worsted. Solid colors.. . Each, $4.00 ir $42.00 Doz. No. lOP. Special quality worsted, fashioned. Solid colors, j No. 14P. Worsted, solid colors. E^ch, ^2.00 -ff S2I.Q0 Dozl ^ch, %Z.OO i( S30.00 Doz. No. 12XB. Boys* Jersey. Worsted. Sizes: 26 to 34 in. chest No. 12P. Good quality worsted; solid colors. I measurement only. Solid colors only: Navy Blue, Black, Gray, Esich, %2.S0 -tc S25.20 Doz. I and Maroon. No special orders. Each. $2.00 -^ X?/.^/?^^. Jerseys with Necklace— Nos. lOP or 1 2P Jerseys with necklace stripe of any color specified below, at an extra charge of $ 1 .00 per garment. SPALDING COAT JERSEYS. No. IOC. Same grade as No. lOP. Plain, solid stock colors (not striped), or one solid stock color body and sleeves with different stock color solid trimming (not striped) on cuffs, collar and front edging. Pearl buttons: Each^ $3.50 ^ S39.0Q Dosl SPECIAL NOTICE— We will furnish any of the above solid color Jerseys (except No. 12XB), with one color body and another color (not striped) collar and cuffs in stock colors only at no extracharge. See opposite page for Striped Jerseys. STOCK coLoi^ ^nS^JrowTg^Trs-^N\T7^lir'' ^^i^'^'^^^r- m^o^o-i^^""'*'' •'^"'- <'*°^ ^- "'^«> or»¥-<^l Al o We also furnish, without extra charge, on special orders for one-half dozen or more, not carried in (lock Orr.V^lAL UK.ntKo and not supplied in No. 12XB, the following colors. On orders for less than one-half dozen. 10 per cent, will be added to regular price. WHITE ORANGE ROYAL BLUE DARK GREEN PURPLE SEAL BROWN CARDINAL SCARLET COLUMBL^ BLUE IRISH GREEN YELLOW OLD GOLD Jersey ■ NaeW. Other colors than as no^ ted above to order only Jersey with in any quality (EXCEPT WovJiiLetter ;Nos 14P ajd 12XB). SOc. each extnu N. B.— We designate three shades which are sometimes called RED. They are Scarlet, Cardinal, and Maroon. Where RED is speci- fied on order. Cardinal will be supplied. WOVEN LETTER.S. NUMERALS OR DESIGNS We weave into our 1 t grade Jerseys, No. lt». Letters, Numerals and Designs in special col- ors as desired. Prices quoted on application. Designs submitted. PRICES SUBJECT TO ADVANCE WITHOUT NOTICE The prices printed in\ itahes opposite items mu iked with -tl will be' tmotcd only on order* for one-half dozen or more. Qxiantity price* NOT aUowed on iiem» NOT marked with ic PBOMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY GOMMUNIGATIONS ADDBESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Pn<« in effect July 5, 1913, Subj«t to chknge witbout notice. For Canadian price* «e^ special Canadian Catalogue. ^ACCEPTNO SUBSTITUTE DBB GUARANTEES QUALITY .PAILDING STRIPED JERSEYS ^ a distiDguislunf; marie for players of opposjns team3«.^thus aiding spectators important item to consider In arranging for team outfits. Following sizes carried in stock regularly in all qualities: 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an advanced price. IVg allow two inches for stretch in alt our Jerseys, and sizes are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however, that for very heavy vien a size about two inches larger tliau coat measurement be or- dered to insure a com- fortable fit. No. lOPX. Special quality worsted, fash- ioned ; solid stock color body, with stock color striped sleeves, usually alternating two inches of same color as body, with narrow stripes of any other stock color. Colors as noted. Each, $3.25 • $33.00 Doz. No.l2PX.Good quality worsted; solid colorbody, striped sleeves, usually alternating two inches of same color as body, narrow stripes of some other color. Colors as noted. Ea.,$2.75iK$3 0.00 Doz. No. 12PW. Good quality worsted, solid stock color body and sleeves with 6-inch stock color stripe around body. Colors as noted. Each. $2.7Si( $30.00 Doz. STOCK COLORS BLACK AND ORANGE NAVY AND WHITE BLACK AND SCARLET ROYAL BLUE AND WHITE COLUMBIA BLUE AND WHITE SCARLET AND WHITE MAROON AND WHITE Second color mentioned is for body stripe or for stripes on sleeves. Other colors than as noted above to order only, not more than two colors in any garment, 50c. each extra. No. 6. Cotton, good quality, fashioned, roll collar, full length sleeves. Colors: Black, Navy Blue, Gray, and Maroon only. Each. $1.00*^/0.60 Doz. No. 6X. Cotton, same as No. 6, but with striped sleeves in following combinations only: Navy with White or Red Stripe; Black with Orange or Red Stripe; Maroon -yvith White Stripe. Each, $1.25*^/5.20 Doz. PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with if zvitl be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with * PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G. SPALDING &. BROS, STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Prices in effect January 5, to change without notice. For Canadian prices »ee special Canadian Catalogue. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE GUARANTEES QUALITY Spalding' Aunttommoblle and Winter SjporHs Sweaters HEAVY AND SPECIAL WEIGHTS -WITH P OCKET S For automobiling, training pixrposes, re- ducing weight, tramping in cold weather, golfing, shooting, tob)Oggfining, snowshoe- ing. High collar may be turned down. No. wjp Wom Undcr Coat, • 111 . . f J Collar Turned Down iquickly, changing into neatest form or button front sweater. Sizes 28 to .44 inches. Other sizes at an advanced price. Carried in stock in Gray and White only. See list below of colors sui^plied on special orders. No. AWJP. Heaviest weight special ^^CCfi^ quality worsted, with pocket on either , side. Each, $10.00 * $108.00 Doz. No. WJP Worn Under Coat. Collar Buttoneii Up. The dozen prices printed in italics will be quoted only on orders for one - half dozen or more. We allow four inches for stretch in all our sweaters, and sizes are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however, that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat measurement be or- dered to insure a com- 02;. No. DJ. Worsted, standard weight, pearl buttons, fine knit edging. In Gray or White only. See list below of colors supplied on special orders. Each, $5.00 • $5I,.00 Doz. showing Nos. DJ and 3J <^ 3 J. Standard VEST COLLAR No.BCWorsted, good weight, Carried and SWEATERS. extreme open or low neck ; no SHAKER SWEATER. No weight. Shaker knit, pearl buttons. supplied in Plain Gray only. Each, $4.00 -kJItS.OO Doz. Two pockets in Nos. BG, DJ or 3J Sweaters, put in at time sweater is made, not after. SPECIAL ORDERS— In addition to stock colors mentioned, we also supply any of the mufflers, collarettes or sweaters listed on this page (except No. 3 J) without buttons. Gray orWhite only. See colors supplied on special orders. Each, $5.50 i^j60.00 Doz. _. . . . . . s ^ Extra, 50c- Spalding ^,^ollarett< XtrL^S'^n'ot^r* Black Maroon Scarlet Cardinal Navy any of the following colors: Columbia Blue Dark Green Seal Brown N. B. — We designate three shades which are sometimes called RED. They are Scarlet, Cardinal, Maroon. Where RED is specified on order, we supply Cardinal. PLAIN COLORS, other than the above, to order only, 50c. each garment extra. SPECIAL NOTICE — Solid Color sweaters with one color body and another color (not striped) collar and cuffs furnished in any of the colors noted, on special order, at no extra charge. This does not apply to the No. 3J Sweater. Spalding Combined Knitted Muffler and Chest Protector No. W. Fancy knit ; good weight, spe- cial quality worsted. Stock colors, White or Gray. . . Each, $1.50 I No. M. Special weight; highest qual- ity worsted. Stock colors, White or Gray. ...... Each. $1.00 ^ Front View . Back View The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with ir ^^ *^ quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more at one time. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items. NOT marked with if. Prices Sulgect to Chaiige Without Notic*. No. CT. Good weight, highest qucility worsted. ^ Stock colors. White or ^Gray. . . Each. $2.00 PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF stores! SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 1 OF THIS BOOK 1 January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE The prices printed in ital- ics opposite items marked with ^ wit I be quoted oiily on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity prices are NOT allowed on items NOT marked with if. Spalding "Highest QuaUty" RoH CoUar Sweaters Worsted Sweaters. SpecieJ qucJity wool, exceedingly soft and pleasant to wecir. Full fashioned to body and arms and put to- gether by hand, not simply stitched up on a machine, as are the majority of garments sold as regular made goods. A II made with 9 - inch roll collars. Sizes 28 to 44 inches. Other sizes at an advanced price. We allow four inches for stretch in all our sweaters, and sizes are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however, that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger thsui coat meas- urement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit. PLAIN COLORS— Sweaters on this page are supplied in any of the colors designated below, at regular pri.ces. Other colors to order only, in any quality, 60c. each garment extra. SPECIAL ORDERS— In addition to stock colors mentioned, we also supply any of the Sweaters listed on this page, without extra charge, on special orders only, not carried in stock, in any of the following colors : Black Cardinal Maroon Scarlet Navy Seal Brown Dark Green Columbia Blue N. B. — We designate three shades which are sometimes called RED. They are Scarlet, Cardinal, Maroon. Where RED is specified on order, we supply Cardinal. SPECIAL NOTICE— Solid color sweaters with one color body and another color (not striped) collar and cuffs furnished in any of the colors noted, on special order, at no extra charge. No. AA. The prpper style for use after heavy exercise, inducing copious perspiration, for reducing weight or getting into condition for athletic contests. Par- ticularly suitable also for Tobogganing, Foot Ball, Skating. The heaviest sweater made. Carried in stock in White or Gray only. See list above of colors sup- plied on special orders. Each, $8.00 * $84.00 Doz. No. A. " Intercollegiate." Colors same as No. AA. Special weight. . . Each, $6.00 * ^66.00 Doz. No. B. Heavy weight. Colors ~ "^- seime as No. AA. Each, $5.00 * $54.00 Doz. Spalding Shaker Sweater Good quality all wool sweater, Shaker knit, well made through- out. Sizes 30 to 44 in. Standard weight, slightly lighter than No.B. Colors same as No. AA. No.3. Each.$4.00*^^5.00 Doz. A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOIC prices in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. No. G Home Outfit SPALDING EXERCISING EQUIPMENT For Recreation Rooms, Private U»© and Small Athletic Clubs BASE BALL TEAMS organized for the season only, disband usually until the following year unless something is done to keep the players together during the winter months. A moderate priced outfit of Spalding Exercising Apparatus installed in the club room provides the means for healthful recreation that in- No. H Recreation Room Outfit sures a winning team on the base ball Outfit No. H. referred to below, is sug- diamond next season. /-^ c vi /- • gested exclusively for recreation rooms. Employers of office workers, banks Outfit No. G is arranged particularly for being suitable for use by those of vary, and other mercantile establishments, use in recreation room of a private house, ing ages, with sufficient equipment find , a Recreation Room fitted out with It provides a great variety of simple ex- shown to supply as many as are likely to Spalding Exercising Equipment a most ercising apparatus at a very moderate be using the room at the same time under profitable investment. The room need cost. The equipment is suitable for use ordinary circumstances, while additional not be very large, the size, of course, by those of varying ages of both sexes. equipment may be added as required to depending upon the number who are Consisting of: take care of a larger number without dis- likely to use the room at the same time. I No. 5 Chest Weight Machine, arranging the balance of the outfit. ' For the purpose of establishing a I No.3 Headand Neck Attachm't .K, ,^°AV'^^''^-,;<-\ ^, L- standard we would recommend a room 1 No. 2 Foot and Leg Attachment I No, 12 Chest Weight Machme. 25 feet x 40 feet, with a minimum ceil- ] jvj^ 2OH Bar Stall ir^S^^isy^tonbfeet. Recreative rooms , No! 205 Bar Stall Bench. can be maintained in smaller space, and • x 1 » r> 1 1 ■ 1 r> excellent results can be obtained in ^o. A Doorway Horizontal Bar. rooms of 14 feet in height. Good air, ' No. I Home Gyitinasium. with room for "group" games and med- • No.,600 Kerns' Row. Machine, icine ball, boxing, etc., are desirable, how. I No PR Striking B^g Di&k. ever, and should be secured if possible. I No. 10 Striking Bag. I No. 1 Abdominal Masseur. I No. 3 Head and Neck Attachm't. I pr. No. 3 Swing.Rings.leather cov I No. 119 Laflin Rowing Machine. 1 No. I Molme Platform. I No 18 Striking Bag. I No.74WailHorizonl.andVauIt.Bai. 1 No. 03 Mattress. 2 pairs No. 6 Sandow Dumb Bells. I pair No. 5 Sandow Dumb Bells. 1 set No 15 Boxing Gloves. 1 set No 118 Boxing Gloves. I No. 12 Medicine Ball. I No 1 1 Medicine Ball. F.O.B. nearest A. C. Spalding & Bro*. List on inside front cover of catalogue. Shipping weight of complete outfit, 570 lbs. No. K Athletic Club Outfit Consiiiing of: 1 No 5 Chest Weight Machines. I No. 3 Head and Neck Attachment. 1 No. 2 Foot and Leg Attachment. 2 No. 20H Bar Stalls. 1 No 600 Kerns" Rowing Machine. 1 pair No 3 Swinging Rings, leather covered. 5 only No 3 Swinging Rings, leather covered. . (For traveling rings, 40 ft. length of room required: 15 to! 6 ft. height^ 1 No. I Moline Striking Bag Platform. 1 No G Striking Bag. 1 No. 74 Wall Horizontal and Vaulting Bar. 1 No. 101 Parallel Bar. 2 No 03 Mattresses. 2 pairs No. 6 Sandow Dumb Bells. I pair No. 5 Sandow Dumb Bells. 1 pair No. -2 Sandow Dumb Bells. 1 set No. 218 Boxing Gloves. \ set No. 1 18 Boxing Gloves. I No. 12 Medicine Ball. I No. 1 1 Medicine Ball. I pair lO-lb. Iron Dumb Bells. I only 25-lb. Iron Dumb Bell. 1 only 50-lb. Iron Dumb Bell. I pair No. 6 Sandow Dumb Bells. I pair No. 2 Sandow Dumb Bells. I No. 02 Mattress. 1 No. 12 Medicine Ball. Price is F.O.B. nearest A. G. Spalding & Bro* Store. List on inside front cover of catalogue Shipping weight of complete outfit, 450 jba J^i;i':&^Cit:%.^-!^y-«^^ Bros. Sto ■side front tZSnlK.1. No. J Athletic Club Outfit Consi-iting of: I No. 5 Chest Weight Machine. I No.' 3 Head and Neck Attachment. t No. 2 Foot and Leg Attachment. I No. 20H Bar Stall. 1 No. 600 Kerns' Rowing Machine. I pair No. 3 Swinging Rings, leather covered 1 No. 74 Wall Horizontal and Vaulting Bar. 2 No. 03 Mattresses. I No. 1 Moline Striking Bag Platform. I No. G Striking Bag. 1 set No. 15 Boxing Gloves. I set Np. 118 Boxing Gloves. 2 pairs, No. 6 Sandow Dumb Bells. J pair No. 5 Sandovy Dumb Bells. I pair No. 2 Sandow Dumb Bells^ I No. 12 Medicine Ball. 1 No. 1 1 Medicine Ball. Price F.O.B. nearest A, G. Spalding & Bros. Store. List on inside fron cover of this catalogue. Shipping weight of complete outfit, 725 Ibf NOTE — Where space and funds permit we recommend as a desirabl' addition to either of the above Outfits, one of our special Wre«t]iDi Mats, listed on page 4 1 of this catalogue : No. WX. Size 12x12 feet. No, WXX, Size 15 x 15 feet. Also Vaulting Horse No. I (Shown On pose 102). PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDBESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES ]R COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Subje to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. sisTiTUTETHE sralding^(M);trade-mark "Z^ Durand-Steel Loekers — hy Wooden lockers are objectionably because they attract vermin, absorb odors,! can be easily broken into, and are dangerous on account of fire. Lockers made from wire mesh df expanded metal afford little secur* Ityt as they can be easily entered with wire cut* tere. Clothes placed in them become covered with dust, and the lockers themselves present a poor appearance, resembling animal cages Darand-Steel Lockers are made of finest grade furniture steel and are finished with gloss black, furnace-baked japan (400°), comparable vO that used on hospital ware, which will never flake off nor require refinishing, as do paints and enamels. Some Public of (hb d.OOO Ourand-Steel Lockers Installed In A§ Cymnasiums of Chicago. I2«x I5>x42', Doubl'' Tier. Durand - Steel Lockers are usually built with doors perforated full length in panel design with sides and backs solid. This prevents clothes in one locker from coming in contact with wet garments in adjoining lockers, while plenty of venti lation is secured by having the door perf< rated its entire length, but, if the purchaser prefers, we perforate the backs also. , ^ The cost of Dnrand-Steel Lockers Is no more than that of first-class wooden lockers, and they last as long as the building, are sanitary, secure, and in addition, are fire-proof. The following Standard those most commonly used: DOUBLE TIER I2x 12x36 Inch ISx 19x36 Inch I2x 12x42 Inch 19x19x42 Inch SINGLE TIER 12 X 12x60 Inch 19 X I9x60 Inch I2x 12x72 Inch ISx 19x72 Inch r* In Pvwtle Tl»9 Thr** k90k*r* in SingI* Tl*^ Specl/il Sizes made to order. We are handling lockers as a special coj- |tract business, and shipment will in every case be made direct from the factory in Chicago. I f you will let us know the num- ber of lockers, size and arrangement, we shall be glad to take up, through 8pondenc«, tb9 imatt«r of prio«b PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS AOORESSEDTOUS A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES le COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK iry 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. Spaldimg "Official NatipiiLal League** Bail Patent Cork Center Patented August 31, 1909 Adopted by the National League in 1878, is the only ball used in Championship games since that time and has now been adopted for twenty years more, making a total adoption of fifty-four years. 1\T 1 I Each, - - $1.25 l^O. 1 \ Per Dozen, $15.00 This ball has the Spalding "Patent" Cork Center, the same as used since August 1, 1910. without change in size of cork or construction Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, packed in a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the latest League regulations. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordi- nary conditions. The Spalding "Official National League'* Ball Has been the Official Ball of the Game since 1875 Spalding Complete Calalogoe ol /tlhlctic Goods Mailed Free. PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMONICATIONSi ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING A BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES IGOMPIETE LIST OF STORES ON INSIDE FRONT COVER O^TiriS BOOK riot la tffcti January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian pHcei see iffcial Canadian Cqlalfgu^ ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE THESRftLDING(a)TRADEMARK GUARANTEES QUALITY j9 SpaMing's Mew Atlnletic Goods Cats^Io^ The following selection of items- from Spalding's latest Catalogue will give an idea of the great variety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufactured by A. G. SPALDING & BROS. SEND FOR A FREE COPY. SEE LIST OF SPALDING STORES ON INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK. Archery Ash Bars Athletic Library Auachm'ts. Chest Weight Bags- Bat Bathing Suit Caddy Cricket Striking Un?fom Balls- Base Basket Cricket Field Hockey Golf Hand Indoor Medicine Playground Tennis Volley Water Polo BaU Cleaner. Golf Bandages, Elastic Bar Bells Bars, Horizontal Batting Cage. Base Ball Belts- • Leather and Worsted Bladders- Basket Ball Striking Bag Blades, Fencing Cqddy Badges Caps- Base Ball University Water Polo Center Forks. Iron Center Straps, Canvas Chest Weights Circle, Seven-Foot Clock Golf Coals. Base Ball Collars. Swimming Corks. Running Covers. Racket Cricket Goods Croquet Goods Cross Bars Marking. Golf Rubber. Golf Sho< Discus. Olympic Disks. Striking Bag Dumb Bells Emblems Embroidery iEqueslrian Polo Fe!t Letters Fencing Sticks Field Hockey Finger Protection Flags- Glasses. Base Ball Sun Gloves- Base Ball Boxing Cricket Colf*""^ . Hand Ball Glove Softener Goal Cage. Polo Goals- Basket Ball Golf Clubs Golf Counters Golfette - Grips- .Athlelic Golf Gut Preservative. Tennis Guy Ropes and Pegs Gymna'm Suits, Ladies' Hammers. Athletic Handle Cover. Rubber Hangers for Indian Clubs iHats. University Health Pull Hob Nails Hole Cutter, Golf Hole Rira, Golf Hurdles, Safety Hurley Good^ Indian Clubs Inflaters- Striking Ba« Jacket! Javelin Jerseys Lacrosse Lanes for Sprints Lawn Bowls Leg Guards- Base Ball Cr.cket Field Hockey Letters- Embroidered Felt Mallets- Cricket Croquet Equestrian Polo Roque Markers. Tennis Masks- Base Ball Fencing Mattresses Megaphones Mitls- Base Ball Handball Striking Bag Monoijrams Mufflers. Knitted Nets- Cricket Golf Driving VoHeyBall Numbers. Competitors' Pads- Chamois. Fencing Sliding. Base Ball Wrestling Paint. Golf Pants- Base Ball Basket Ball Bathing. Knee Boys' Knee Running Pennants. College PistoL Starter's Plastr&ns. Fencing Marking, Tennis Pitchers' Box Pitchers' Toe Te£iQS,.£glL Platforms. Striking Bag . Poles. Vaultmg Polo. Equestrian Polo. Roller. Goods Posts- Backstop. Tennis Lawn Tennis Protectors— Abdoriien . Base Bali Body Eye Glass Indoor Base Ball Thumb Protection. Running Shoes Pulleys and.Axle, Tennis Push Ball Pushers, Chamois Puttees, Golf Racket Covers Racket Preses Rackets. Lawn Tennis Rackets Restrung Racks, Golf Ball. Rapiers Reels for Tennis Posts Referees Whistle Rings- Exercising Swinging Roque Rowing Machines Sacks, for Sack Racing Sandow Dumb Bells Score Books- Base Ball Basket Ball Cricket Golf Tennis Score Tabletji, Base Ball A'^iltic , Base Ball Shoes- Base Ball Basket Ball Bowling Clog Cricket Cross Country Fencing iFoot Ball, Association! Foot Ball, College Foot Ball. Rugby Foot Ball. Socceb Golf Gymnasium Skating Squash Tennis WflUdng. Shot- Athletic Skrte°Rollers Skales. Roller Sleeve. Pitcher. Slippers, Bathing Squash Goods Standards— Vauhine Volley BalF Straps- Base Ball For Three Legged l^.ce Spikes. Cricket Steel Cable. Tennis Net Sticks. Polo Stockings S.op Boards Striking Bags Stumps and Bail* Suits- Gymnasium, Ladie* Swimming Supporters- Ankle Wrist Suspensories Sweat Band Swivels, Striking Bar Swords. Duelling Swords. Fencing Take-Off Board Tape- Adhesive Cricket. Measuring Marking. Tennis Measuring Steel T«es. Golf Tether Tennis Tights- Athletic Full Full. WresUing Toe Boards Trousers. Y.M.C.A. Trunks- Bathing Velvet Worsted Wands. Calisthenic Watches. Stop Water Winss Weights. 56.|b. Whistles, Referee.' Wrestling Equipment :Wrist Machines A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US Prices in effect January 5. 1913. Sub,is.>:i to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. COMPLETE LIST OF STORES iEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK .^r.] 1 Standard Policy A Standard Qyality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Qyality. To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consumer. To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his order from the retailer. However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are assured ; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are practically eliminated. This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. The jobber insists on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz.: the cheap- ening and degrading of the quality of his product. The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that 14 years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." The " Spalding Policy " eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the rnanufacturer by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Qyality and is protected from imposition. The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways : First— The^user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods and the same prices to everybody. Second.— A.S manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Qyality. All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices-neither more nor less-the same prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. This briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful operation for the past 14 years, and will be indefinitely continued. In other words, "The Spalding Policy" is a "square deal" for everybody. A. G. SPALDING & BROS. By ^.ijfi^^^^^^^^^ PRESIDENT. ^^ standard Quality An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard" is thereby conceded to be the criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against counterfeit products — without the aid of "Government Detectives" or "Public Opinion" to assist them. Consequently the "Consumer's Protection" against misrepresentation and "inferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the " Manufacturer." A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Qyality," for thirty-seven years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a Guarantee of Qyality as dependable in their field as the U. S. Currency is in its field. The necessity of upholding the Guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and maintaining the Standard Qyality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvi- ous as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other consumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade- Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, -we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because w^ithout this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Qyality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of " inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a guarantee to protect must necessarily have higher prices than a manufac- turer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis of a claim for Standard Qyality depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty in quality — and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Qyality. ^--^^^^^^^^^^ .^^<^!-^^ I LIBRARY ATHLETIC Lit A separate book covers every Athletic Sport and is Official and Standard Price 10 cents each GRAND PRIZE PARIS. 1900 ST.L0UIS,1904 W It XTL Ay JLIl JN Ijr PARIS 1900 ATHLETIC GOODS ARE THE STANDARD OF THE >VORLD A. G. Spalding ^ Bros. MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES in the FOLLOWING CITIES: NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES ~' , .BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEAPOLIS i BALTIMORE INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL WASHINGTON PITTSBURGH DENVER LONDON, ENGLAND BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND MANCHESTER, ENGLAND EDIN.BURGH. SCOTLAND GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA ATLANTA DALLAS LOUISVILLE NEW ORLEANS MONTREAL, CANADA TORONTO, CANADA PARIS, FRANCE Factories owned and operat Trade-Marked Athletic G EW YORK CHICAGO BROOKLYN BOSTON A.G.Spaldins A Bros, are made are located FRANCISCO CHICOPEE» PHILADELPHIA LONDON.