Book -, / c^ ."' 'o , Laws of Ohio Governing the Location Construction, Installation and Inspection of Plumbing and Drainage Ohio Building Code Part IV — Sanitation and General Information Issued by the State Department of Health t Division of Plumbing 1917 1 ,S.. .;■ 1 f). tf ». NOV 22 1919 •cr PLUMBING Definition Plumbing is the art of installing in buildings the pipes, fixtures and other apparatus for introducing the water supply and removing liquid and water-carried wastes. It must be installed in accordance with scientific prin- ciples and natural laws. Relation to Health The value of plumbing to public health is important because it removes human wastes from the immediate neighborhood of buildings. Plumbing also furnishes the opportunity for the liberal consumption and use of pure wholesome water for drinking, bathing, culinary and other domestic purposes. Water Supply and Service # Distribution The distribution of an adequate supply of water sufficient in volume and pressure to flush the various fixtures, is absolutely essential in maintaining a system of plumbing sanitary. Control A water service to a building is usually controlled by a combination of stop and waste cocks or valves. The first is known as a corporation stop which is tap- ped into the street main. The second, the curb stop, is located beneath the side walk, close to the curb, pro- tected by an iron case box. Third, the main house or meter stop and waste, is located within the cellar wall. Additional stops and wastes are necessary to control the branch supplies to each fixture. All shut-offs ex- cept where located immediately at each fixture, should be of the stop and waste pattern, with the waste on the , house or fixture side. Inferior Stops and Valves A cheap grade of stop and waste cocks and valves often used in the installation of water service and upon fixtures is false economy and expensive practice. In- convenience, annoyance, waste of water and continual repairs are the resulting penalties from this practice. Frost Proof Plumbing is not satisfactory if so exposed as to freeze during regular occupancy of the building and every precaution should be taken to locate the fixtures and design the piping system so that freezing will be un- likely. In unoccupied buildings, pipes, fixture traps and closet tanks should be drained. Closing the main stop and waste and opening all the faucets and valves in the building in order that air may enter the top of each line, will permit the water remaining in the system to run out by gravity. Glycerine and wood alcohol form the best anti-freezing and trap seal filling for fixture traps after the water has been removed. Danger of Pollution Cross connections made between roof water storage system, power motors and lifts, swimming pools and any private system of supply to the public supply may be the cause of pollution. Vigilant supervision must be exercised by health officials not only to prevent future, but to eliminate existing connections of this character. 4 Leakage and Wastage To secure and furnish an adequate water supply that is bacteriologically pure and dispose and treat liquid and water-carried waste to prevent stream pollution requires the expenditure of considerable money by municipalities. In many cities the public water supply is used for power purposes to operate washing ma- chines, waters motors and lifts and hydraulic elevators. It is obvious that water treated to make it fit for human consumption was never intended for power purposes. Such use not only adds to the cost of securing and distributing the water supply, but also to the cost of treating the increased volume of sewage in case the waste water reaches the sanitary or combined sewer. ^The necessity of conserving a water supply is essen- tial and may be regulated by local officials. Leakage and wastage of water due to defective valves should never be tolerated even though the meter system is in vogue. Removal of Wastes Human excrement and urine represent the greatest hazards to man and are the most productive sources of disease. These wastes are oftentimes disposed of in privies, cesspools, over the back fence, into the public gutter, or in any manner that suits the individual. The odors and decompositions are offensive to the sense of sight and smell, necessitating the science of plumb- ing and regulation thereof. Plumbing Inspection Absence of Regulations and Inspection Cleanliness is the basic principle of sanitation and the plumbing fixtures provide a means of cleansing the 5 person and apparel and the removal of body and do- mestic wastes from the immediate neighborhood of buildings, but in the absence of regulations and in- spection, lack of knowledge and competition develop a class of material, construction and workmanship that is unfavorable to the health of a community. Insani- tary conditions are sure to result if each person is per- mitted to install a plumbing system according to his own ideas. The promotion of sanitation must be viewed as a matter of prevention and not of cure. Low First Cost Mistaken Economy A second class plumbing and drainage system in cost will prove itself a second class system in service. A year or so in service will reveal the inefficiency of the fixture, device or construction. Discomfort, inconven- ience, cost of repairs, foul odors, insanitary and un- healthful conditions ai-e the resulting penalties which the unfortunate occupant must pay. Legislation and Standardization Municipal control of plumbing dates back about thirty years and the first rules made conferred power on local governments to regulate insanitary affairs re- sulting in the adoption of many codes of rules and regulations widely separated and at variance in their requirements, which has retarded the progress and standardization of plumbing regulations. Recognizing the lack of uniformity in practice and the absence of the standardization of fixtures, device and construc- tion, the 79th General Assembly enacted a universal minimum standard state plumbing code (Sections 12,- 600-137 to 12600-282 General Code), which makes it the duty of the state board of health or building inspector or commissioner or health departments of municipalities having building or health departments to enforce regu-^ lations relating and pertaining to sanitary plumbing. Nuisance Local boards of health are given the authority to abate and remove any nuisance within its jurisdiction caused by defective plumbing and drainage. (Sections 4420 and 4421 General Code.) When a sanitary plumb- ing and drainage system is feasible and necessary but neglected and refused, the board may declare that a public nuisance exists and upon failure of the person responsible to comply with orders of the board, the board may proceed and furnish the labor and material necessary to install sanitary plumbing to remove the cause of complaint (Section 4421 General Code), and certify the cost and expense to the auditor of the county to be assessed against the property and thereby made a lien upon it and collected as other taxes. Authority of Board to Enforce Plumbing Regulations " Except in cities having building departments, the board of health has the authority to regulate the loca- tion, construction and repair of water closets, privies, cesspools, sinks, plumbing and drains. (Section 4420 General Code.) Local boards of health may make such orders and regulations governing the installation of plumbing as may be deemed necessary for the pro- tection of the public health (Section 4413 General Code), that are not in conflict with the state laws (Section 12600-277). Orders and Regulations Orders and regulations intended for the general pub- lic shall be adopted, advertised and recorded and cer- tified as are ordinances of municipalities. Orders and 7 regulations for its own government need not be adver- tised but must be recorded. (Section 4413 General Code. ) Enforcement of Part Four, Sanitation, Ohio State Build- ing Code Local boards of health are authorized to entorce Part 4, Sanitation, Ohio State Building Code, and to enforce their own orders relative to plumbing regulations (Section 4413 General Code), that are not in conflict with the State Law (Section 12600-277 General Code). Prosecution for Violations Prosecution for violations of local regulations is cov- ered by Section 4414 to 4418 General Code and for the violation of any of the sections of Part 4, Sanitation, Ohio State Building Code by Sections 12600-273 to 12600-282 General Code. Appointment of Inspectors. Fees Local boards of health may appoint local plumbing inspectors (Section 4411 General Code), define their duties, ^-K their salaries (Section 4411-1 General Code), and may collect such fees as the ordinance provides. The fees so collected should be in proportion to the services rendered. Plumbers License Council by ordinance may authorize the licensing of plumbers, sewer tappers and vault cleaners. (Section 3637 General Code.) Local Inspection Local boards of health in municipal corporations where there is a public water supply and sewerage sys- tem should regulate plumbing and provide for its inspec- tion. A graduated fee system] will make the work 8 partially, if not entirely, self sustaining. The duties of a plumbing inspector, superintendent of sewers and sanitary police are so closely related that a versatile official can usually be employed to fulfill the duties of the three positions in the smaller municipalities. State Inspection. State Buildings In the absence of local regulations and inspection or upon failure or refusal of local authorities to enforce Part 4, Sanitation, Ohio State Building Code (Section 12600-137 to 12600-282 General Code), the state inspect- or of plumbing under the jurisdiction of the state board of health will make inspections in public, semi- public and quasi-public buildings (Section 1261-3 Gen- eral Code). The state board of health has jurisdiction in all state buildings or structures. Fees and Applications In the absence of local inspection it becomes the duty of the owner, his agent or the plumber to make appli- cation for inspection to the state board of health upon blanks furnished for the purpose, accompanied by the proper fee. In municipalities having local inspection, application should be made to the local official in authority. Duties and Qualifications of Inspectors Courtesy and practical knowledge of plumbing in- stallation, the ability to reasonably interpret and enforce plumbing laws impersonally and without discrimination, are requisites of a plumbing inspector. He should be selected from those persons who are well informed as to practical plumbing and skilled and well trained in matters pertaining to the sanitary regulations govern- ing plumbing work. An inspector should not during his term of office be engaged or interested in the plumb- ing business, or the sale of any plumbing supplies, nor should he act as agent directly or indirectly for any person so engaged. Inspections and Tests. Definition Plumbing inspection is to view critically the plumbing and drainage system of a building in order to ascertain if the quality, construction and installation are in ac- cord with good practice and sanitary laws. It is the supervision of the location of plumbing fixtures, their kind and surroundings and the method of connections to the drainage system. New Plumbing. Old Plumbing Plumbing Inspection can be divided into two classes: 1st — Inspection of new plumbing in old or new build- ings when in the course of erection. 2nd — Inspection in old buildings of plumbing that has deteriorated from natural causes, abuse or ignorance. From a Health Viewpoint . The plumbing in buildings is not strictly a require- ment affecting the safety of the structure, nor has it to do with the thickness of the walls, carrying weight or fire hazards, but it does directly aftect the comfort, convenience and health of the occupants and the in- stallation and supervision should be from the health standpoint and not a building construction standpoint. Re-inspection An annual re-inspection of plumbing in old buildings is necessary to maintain the system sanitary and free from defects. 10 Water Test All piping of a plumbing or drainage system should be given two tests — 1st — The roughing in test with water, air or smoke before the work is concealed or enclosed. 2nd — Or final— After the fixtures have been set and the work completed, with air or smoke. Old Plumbing — Smoke, Peppermint, Ether To ascertain the defects in an old system of plumb- ing, the smoke, ether or peppermint test should be applied. ( Section 12600-233 to 12600-245 General Code. ) hisanitary Conditions caused by Faulty or Defective Plumbing Insanitary conditions in buildings may be caused by the following defects in the construction, installation and ventilation of plumbing and drainage systems and plumbing fixtures: Untrapped plumbing fixtures. Fixtures with a large amount of fouling area. Loss of trap seal by siphonage, back pressure, mo- mentum or capillary attraction, that will emit foul odors from sewers into buildings. Leaky and defective pipes. . Stoppage in waste pipes due to inferior and defective installation. Absorbent materials used in fixture construction. Fixtures installed in ill-lighted and unventilated rooms. Fixtures without a water supply. Part of plumbing fixtures that come in contact with the human body must be as near /oo/-^roo/ as possible. Lack of proper cleanouts in the drainage system. 11 Plumbing fixtures enclosed or encased in wood. Pan, valve, plunger, offset, washout and other water closets having invisible seals or unventilated space, also the dry closet system. Walls and floors in rooms containing water closets and urinals that are not constructed of non-absorbent, indestructible material. Illegal connections from boilers that will permit the discharge of steam or hot water into a plumbing or drainage system. Discharge of volatile oils, such as gasoline, benzine and naphtha into the sewage system from dye houses and garages. Overflows frorfi cisterns used to store water, connect- ing direct with a sewer or cesspool. Connection from refrigerators, ice boxes, floor drains and soda fountains direct with the sewer. Plumbing fixtures should never be installed in rooms that are not provided with a window located in the external wall of the building or that is not provided with a system of ventilation, which will change the air in the room at normal temperature at least six times per hour. Installation of Public Conveniences Public Comfort Stations Necessity for If public comfort accommodations are necessary in public and semi-public buildings where a large number of people congregate, how much more necessary are toilet accommodations or public comfort stations in city squares, public parks and other places, which at times are congested by masses of people brought together for business or pleasure. 12 The Popular Use of The number of people that avail themselves of the advantages offered where stations have been erected is self-evident and proves the real necessity for conven- iences. Absence Responsible for Nuisance The absence of public convenience stations is respon- sible for many nuisances and it is a function of health officials to recommend and encourage the erection of public comfort stations to prevent nuisance and the pollution of alleys and streets. Authority to Build. Council Council by ordinance may establish, maintain and regulate public toilet stations (Section 3648 General Code.) County Commissioners County Commissioners have also authority to erect and maintain public convenience stations. (Sections 2419, 2433, 2444 General Code.) Public Drinking Fountains General Distribution of Fountains Necessary The common drinking cup is insanitary in the ex- treme and goes a great way toward causing epidemics of diphtheria, epidemic sore throat, whooping cough and other diseases, not to mention the possibility of communicating tuberculosis and syphilis. If one per- son is affected with a communicable disease, a great danger exists of its spreading to others. Fresh water should be available and readily accessible to the pub- lic without the possibility of infection. It is a well- known fact that a liberal consumption of pure water 13 improves the general physical condition. Drinking fountains of a sanitary type, which require no cups, should be liberally provided in schools, playgrounds, public squares, prominent street corners and places where the public congregate for business and pleasure. The use of the common drinking cup is prohibited by a regulation adopted by the State Board of Health. Authority to Install Council may establish, maintain and regulate drink- ing fountains. (Section 3648 General Code.) Public Bath Houses Benefits The benefits of public bath houses are so numerous and the advantages to a community are so well known that any comment would seem unnecessary, except to point out that the liberal use of public bath houses wherever they have been erected, forcibly demonstrates the necessity for the erection of bath houses in all cities of whatever size. Lack of Bathing Facilities Investigation has shown that there is not a city or village throughout the state where bathing facilities are not lacking for the great masses of people. Baths in Schools and Public Buildings The basement of school houses and other buildings can easily and at small expense be fitted up with public baths. School buildings are evenly distributed and the children could avail themselves of the advantages dur- ing the daytime and the general public at night. Authority to Build Council has the authority to establish, maintain and regulate public baths and bath houses. (Section 3648 General Code.) 14 Public Wash Houses Public wash houses have been found as great a boon in poor districts as have pubHc baths and the two go hand in hand. In many cities the pubHc baths are combined with public wash houses in one building and this practice is deemed economical and advisable. For a small fee of 4 or 5 cents per hour a wopian can have soap, water, light, heat a set of wash trays connected with hot and cold water, a corresponding rack in the drying room, the use of a mechanical washer, mangle and irons, and everything, in fact, that would be found in a fully equipped laundry. All she needs to bring is the soiled clothing, which will be taken away dry and clean. Sanitary Improvements for Summer Resorts There is a growing tendency to utilize summer resorts and other places of amusement. Frequently the sani- tary condition of such places is unsatisfactory and prejudicial to health. The provision of a satisfactory water supply and safe and sanitary method of sewage disposal is often neglected and the patrons are exposed to the danger of disease. A properly conducted summer resort should furnish the same sanitary conveniences which are demanded in a village or city and, unless these can be furnished, the resort is less desirable as a place for recreation and rest than would be the home of the individual. The health officer should carefully investigate sanitary conditions in summer resorts and places of amusement within the district under his jur- isdiction and he should require proper precautionary measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of disease. The State Board of Health has ruled that 15 plans for water supplies and sewerage systems for such places must be submitted for approval in accordance with Section 1240 General Code. Railroad Sanitation At the present time the common practice of disposal of closet wastes from electric and steam railroad trains is to discharge it at any point along the railroad right of way. The cars, both Pullman and day coaches, are equipped with closets which discharge directly under the cars. Unquestionably this practice is opposed to established principles of sanitation and in due time it may be expected that changes will be required. In some states, and in many municipalities, legislation has been enacted requiring the locking of closets on rail- road trains while they are within the limits of a muni- cipality. This practice is observed in some localities and by some railroads in the State of Ohio, but this is not generally the case. Each municipal council should pass an ordinance requiring the locking of closets in railroad trains and interurban cars while they are with- in the municipal limits and the local health authorities should enforce this regulation. Such ordinance should not apply to closets in sleepers which are placed on side-tracks or in railroad stations while still occupied. In this case it is necessary to make provision for use of the closets. The common practice is to hang a metal bucket on the car, which is intended to receive the sewage and to be emptied when necessary. This practice frequently results in a nui- sance due to carelessness in attending to the emptying of the receptacles and the consequent discharge of sewage on the ground or platform. Local regulations should recognize and require proper attention to this 16 matter. Sewer connections for disposal of liquid wastes from stationary cars would be beneficial in preventing the occurrence of nuisances. Of somewhat less importance, but nevertheless deserving of attention, is the method of disposal of ref- use swept from the cars. The common practice is to sweep such material from the coaches without regard to its proper disposal. Regulations should be enforced to prevent such practice within municipal limits at least. Miscellaneous Sanitary Requirements Gas Appliances Rubber Connections. Vent Pipes Boards of health should prohibit the use of rubber hose in the connection of cooking and heating stoves, likewise vent or fume pipes should be provided for all stoves and connected with a chimney or vent flue. Council May Regulate Council, by ordinance, may provide for gas inspec- tion and prescribe suitable charge for such inspection. (Section 3988 General Code.) Cuspidors Human sputum (spit) is dangerous to mankind. Cuspidors are used to expectorate in and require reg- ular attention to be maintained sanitary. The cleaning of cuspidors is repulsive and, therefore, often neglected. The modern flush rim water-supplied cuspidor with waste opening connected direct to a sewer offers a solution for the speedy and safe removal of this danger- ous and infectious waste matter. Roller Towel The use of the common roller towel in public toilet rooms of hotels, depots, waiting rooms, restaurants, 17 saloons, etc., should be prohibited by ordinance or reg- ulations and health officials should strictly enforce this law. The use of the ''common" towel is prohibited by a regulation adopted by the State Board of Health. Vacuum Cleaning Dry sweeping, dry dusting and other dirt raising methods are not conducive to health, and have, in a great measure, been replaced by the vacuum cleaning system. The disposal of matter collected by the vacuum cleaning system should not be permitted to be spread broadcast, but should be burnt or disposed of in a man- ner not injurious to public health. Many of these sys- tems are connected with the sewer system. Ventilation Ventilation is a process of moving foul air from any space and replacing it with fresh air. A positive dis- placement, however, does not take place. The incom- ing fresh air chiefly dilutes the foul air to a point suitable for healthful respiration. It is considered good practice to allow about 2,000 cubic feet of fresh air per hour for each inmate of a room or auditorium. Hos- pitals, and such places where the vitiation is due to exhalations from the diseased or sick, should be pro- vided with about twice this amount. There are different methods of ventilating rooms, chiefly, natural and forced ventilation. In natural ventilation systems where flues or ducts ar'C used, the drafts in the flues or ducts are caused by the difference in density between the air in the ducts and the outer atmosphere. The higher the temperature of the ducts, the more quickly will the change of air take place, hence, the necessity, where possible, of some means of 18 artificially heating the foul air flue or duct as quite frequently toilet rooms that are supposed to be venti- lated through the toilet fixture connected with vent flues or ducts not provided with exhaust fan, stack heater or accelerating coil, are found to be taking.fresh air supply through these toilet fixtures, a condition, which is the reverse of that which is intended, and which should not be tolerated. There are two classes of forced ventilation, the ple- num system and the vacuum system. The plenum system is that by which pure fresh air is blown through the building by means of a fan or other blower placed at the inlet. In this case the pressure of the air in the building is slightly greater than that of the outer at- mosphere. The vacuum system is that method of removing foul air from a building by means of an exhaust fan placed at the outlet of a vent flue or stack, causing a conse- quent inrush of air from outside or from points of least resistance. In the latter system the pressure of the air in the building is slightly lower than that of the outer atmosphere. The plenum system is the more wholesome and to be preferred where conditions per- mit of its installation. Foul air outlets should be placed near the floor and if possible diagonally opposite the fresh air supply. Fresh air inlets, if located near the floor, should be so arranged that the velocity of the fresh air will not exceed two ( 2 ) feet per second. A higher velocity is considered a perceptible draft. Pure air such as exists in the open country contains between three (3) and four (4) parts of carbon dioxide in ten thousand (10,000). Badly ventilated rooms often contain as much as twenty (20) to thirty (30) parts of carbon dioxide per ten thousand (10,000). Good ventilation is considered to 19 exist when the air contains a total of not more than six (6) to eight (8) parts carbon dioxide in ten thousand (10,000). Twelve (12) or more parts is considered ex- ceedingly dangerous. Life is sustained in the human body by a process of combustion in which the oxygen of the air is combined with the hydrogen and carbon of the assimilated food forming a new product, chiefly carbon dioxide. Therefore, a continuous supply of fresh air is essential to the sustaining of life. The following table gives the composition of pure air and respired air: Pure Respired Air Air Oxygen 20.38 16.3 Nitrogen 78.08 75.3 Carbon dioxide 0.04 3.4 Water vapor 1.50 5 100 100 Note the ratio of increase of carbon dioxide in re- spired air over that of pure air. As respired air is immediately diffused in the air of the room it cannot be directly removed but diluted with fresh air until it ceases to be harmful. The following is an estimate of the amount of fresh air, which should be supplied per person under the different conditions: Cu.ft. Cu.ft. per per minute hour Hospitals, Medical and surgical 50 3,000 Hospitals, Epidemic and contagious 100 6,000 Theatres, low ceiling 35 2,100 Theatres, lofty ceiling 25 1,500 Prisons 30 1,800 Workshops 30 1,800 Meeting Halls 25 1,500 High schools 30 1,800 Grammar grade schools 25 1,500 Primary grade schools 20 1,200 20 In hospitals a complete change of air should be effected from eight (8) to twelve (12) times per hour. In other classes of buildings six (6) times per hour. Ventilation from each room occupied by patients with contagious or infectious diseases shall have no connec- tion with the other ventilating ducts in the building. The following is approximately the minimum amount of floor space in sleeping rooms and apartments to be allowed each patient or inmate of an asylum, hospital or home: Adults Children Babies sq. ft. sq. ft. sq. ft. Private rooms in hospitals 100 75 55 Dormitories in hospitals 90 65 45 Cells in penal institutions 50 50 Private rooms in other buildings 70 45 35 Dormitories in other buildings 60 35 25 CUBICAL CONTENTS IN SLEEPING ROOMS OR APARTMENTS _ Adults Children Babies cu. ft. cu.ft. cu.ft. Private rooms in hospitals 900 675 500 Dormitories in hospitals 820 600 400 Cells in penal institutions 400 400 Private rooms in other buildings — 700 540 300 Dormitories in other buildings 550 325 225 Humidity Immediately associated with the problem of ventila- tion is that of humidity. The humidity of the air in schools and other public buildings is of more consequence than is usually sup- posed. The amount of moisture which air can hold at saturation per unit of volume increases very rapidly with the temperature. For example, air at seventy degrees (70°) will hold eight (8) grains of moisture per cubic foot, while at thirty-two degrees (32°) it can hold but 21 two (2) grains per cubic foot and at zero only five- tenths (0.5) grain. Air normally has a humidity varying from fifty (50) to seventy (70) per cent of saturation and if much below these limits it becomes uncomfortable, if not actually injurious to the health. Hence air at seventy (70°) should contain approximately five (5) grains of moisture per cubic foot, at thirty -two degrees (32°) it should contain about one and twenty-five hundredths (1.25) grains and at zero three- tenths (0.3) grains. Therefore, unless the proper precaution is taken in the installation of a heating system for the saturation of the air, the following condition will obtain. When the atmosphere outside is at freezing point or thirty-two degrees (32°) the humidity of the air when heated to seventy degrees (70°) will be only fifteen and five-tenths (15.5) per cent, or less than the humi- dity of the dryest climate known. It is this extreme dryness of the air in a heated room, which produces many of the discomforts commonly noticed, such as extreme thirst, a parched feeling in the nose and throat, lassitude and headache. The- effect of this extreme dryness of the air is evidently harmful to the mucous membrane in the nose, throat and lungs and may be considered a contributing source of many throat and pulmonary diseases. It is evident, therefore, that from a hygienic stand- point, the means for regulating the humidity should be considered side by side with proper ventilation. Ventilation of Garages The necessity of local ventilation for all garages in which automobiles are stored is forcibly demonstrated by the number of recent deaths from petro mortis or pet- 22 rol poisoning. Means for obtaining proper ventilation and fresh air supply for the small single car portable garage should not be overlooked by the manufacturers and the same precaution should be observed by persons designing other garages. In running the engine for a comparatively short time in a small closed garage, the entire supply of oxygen may be consumed and w^ithout the proper means for providing fresh air or discharging the nox- ious gases the lives of those within the garage are in danger. This danger is avoided in garages provided with proper ventilation as the air is changed with a frequency that prevents the accumulation of poisonous gases to a point considered dangerous. Sewer Air "Sewer air" means bad air and bad air means bad health and a man or woman handicapped by bad health cannot make a success in life and no human being would willingly select a sewer as an ideal place in which to live, nor would they willingly continue to breathe sewer air, sewer gas or sewer vapor. "Sewer air" is without smell and is only found in well constructed and ventilated sewers and contains double the amount of carbon dioxide that is present in the outside air. "Sewer gas" is the result of stagnation, deposit and putrefaction of sewage and is found in poorly constructed and poorly ventilated sewer systems. Analysis of the gases present in sewers shows the following to be the most prominent: Carbonic acid, nitrogen, carbureted hydrogen, sulphu- rated hydrogen, carbon disulphide, moisture and com- pounds of ammonia allied with methylamine and ethylamine. 23 STATE INSPECTOR OF PLUMBING An Act to create the office of State Inspector of Plumb- ing, defining the duties of the office, fixing the compen- sation of the incumbent thereof, and fixing a penalty for the violation of any of the provisions of this act. Ohio Laws, vol. 101, page 395; amended March 21, 1917. [Sections 1261-1 to 1261-15 General Code.] Section 1261-1 — State Inspector of Plumbing. There shall be, and is hereby, established and created in this state the office of state inspector of plumbing, under the direction and supervision of state board of health. Sec. 1261-2 — Appointment; qualifications; rules and regulations; registration; approval of plans and specifi- cations. It shall be the duty of the state board of health within ninety days after the passage and appro- val of this act, to appoint an elector of this state to fill the office of state inspector of plumbing, who shall hold office until such time as his successor may be appointed and qualified. The person so appointed must be a plumber with at least ten years experience. The state board of health may appoint such number of deputy inspectors as the necessities of the work shall require and the appropriations for such inspections will permit. Such deputy inspectors shall be pratical plumbers with at least seven years experience, and skilled and well trained in matters pertaining to sanitary regulations concerning plumbing work. The state board of health shall have the power to make and enforce rules and regulations governing plumbing and register those per- sons engaged in or at the plumbing business to carry out the provisions of this act. Plans and specifications for all sanitary equipment or drainage to be installed in or for buildings coming within the provisions of this act shall be submitted to and approved by the state board of health before the contract for installation of the sanitary equipment or drainage shall be let. (O. L. 107, p— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261 -3jir-Duties; exceptions. It shall be the duty of said inspecl|||r of plumbing, as often as instructed by the state board tii health, to inspect any and all public or private institutions, sanitariums, hospitals, schools, pris- ons, factories, workshops, or places where men, women or chidren are or might be employed, and to condemn 24 any and all unsanitary or defective plumbing that may be found in connection therewith, and to order such changes in the method of construction of the drainage and ventilation, as well as the arrangement of the plumb- ing appliances, as may be necessary to insure the safe- ty of the public health. Such inspector shall not exercise any authority in muni- cipalities or other political subdivisions wherein ordi- nances or resolutions have been adopted and are being enforced by the proper authorities regulating plumbing or prescribing the character thereof. (O. L. 107, p. — Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-4 — Inspections. He shall hold himself in readiness at any and all times to go to any part of the state if so directed by the executive officer of the state board of health, for the purpose of making a sanitary inspection of any building or other place that he has reason to believe is in such a condition as to be a men- ace to the public health. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-5 — Certificates of inspection. When any building is found to be in a sanitary condition or when changes which are ordered in the plumbing, drainagW^ or ventilation have been made, and after a thorough w inspection on approval by said inspector of plumbing, he shall issue a certificate signed by himself and count- ersigned by the executive officer of the state board of health, which must be posted in a conspicuous place for the benefit of the public at large. Upon notification by said inspector, said certificate shall be revoked for any violation of this act. (O. L. 107, p. — Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-6— Fees. No plumbing work shall be done in this state in any building or other place com- ing within the jurisdiction of the state inspector of plumbing, except in cases of repairs or leaks in existing plumbing, until a permit has been issued by the state inspector of plumbing and the executive officer of the state board of health. Before granting such permit, an application shall be made by the owner of the property or by the person, firm or corporation who is to do the work. Such application shall be made on blanks pre- pared for the purpose, and each application shall be 25 accompanied by a fee of one (1) dollar, and an addi- tional fee of fifty (50) cents for each trap or vented fixture up to and including ten fixtures, and for each trap or vented fixture over ten a fee of twenty -five ( 25 ) cents. The fees so collected shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the general revenue fund. Whenever a re-inspection is made nec- essary by the failure of the plumbing contractor to have the work ready for inspection when so reported, or by reason of faulty or improper installation, he shall pay a fee of ten (10) dollars for each such inspection. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-7— Bond; approval. Within ten days after his appointment the said inspector shall give a bond, payable to the state of Ohio, for the faithful perform- ance of his duties in the sum of five thousand dollars. Said bond, when approved by the attorney general shall be deposited with the auditor of state. Sec. 1261-8 — Not to engage in plumbing business. No inspector so appointed shall, during his term of office, be engaged or interested in the plumbing busi- ness or the sale of any plumbing supplies, nor shall he act as agent, directly or indirectly, for any person or persons so engaged. (O. L. 107, p. — Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-9 — Compensation. The state inspector of plumbing and the deputy state inspectors shall receive such salaries as are fixed by the state board of health. The necessary traveling and other expenses of inspectors while in the performance of their official duties, shall be paid from the fund provided for that purpose. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-10 — Authority to enter buildings. State inspectors of plumbing shall have the power between sunrise and sunset to enter any building where there is good and sufficient reason to believe that the sanitary condition of such premises is such as to endanger the public health, for the purpose of making such inspection as may be necessary to ascertain the condition of the same. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-11 — Reports. The state inspector of plumbing shall report promptly to the state board of health the condition of all premises inspected by him 26 or by his deputies; also the number of inspections and changes ordered, as well as any other information concerning his office that they may requir^. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-12— Office, etc. The state inspector of plumbing shall be provided with a suitable office in the city of Columbus, as well as with all necessary appa- ratus for making tests, and such furniture, stationery and supplies as the business of his office may require. (O.L. 107. p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-1 3— Duty of owners of buildings. It shall be the duty of any owner, agent or manager, of any building where an inspection is made by said inspector of plumbing, to cause or have the entire system of drainage and ventilation repaired, as he may direct. After due notice to repair such work, it shall be the duty of said owner, agent or manager to notify said inspector of plumbing that such work is ready for his inspection. Failing to have the work ready for inspec- tion at the time specified in such notice, he shall be subject to such penalty as hereinafter provided. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) Sec. 1261-14 — Penalty. Any person or persons, owner, agent or manager refusing, failing or neglect- ing to comply with any of the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be subject to a fine of not less than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned for not less than ten nor more than ninety days or both; but no person shall be imprisoned under this section for the first offense, and the prosecution shall always be as and for a first offense, unless the affidavit upon which the prosecution is instituted contains the allegation that the offense is a second or repeated offense. Sec. 1261-15 — Arrest and Prosecution. It shall be the duty of said inspector of plumbing upon receipt of the knowledge that any part of this act has been violated, to go before any justice of the peace within the county, or a justice of the peace, mayot or police judge of the municipality where the offense was committed or the offending person resides, and cause the arrest and prosecution of all persons of whom he has reason to believe are guilty of such violations. (O. L. 107, p. — Passed March 21,1917.) 27 SECTIONS OF THE GENERAL CODE OF OHIO RELATING TO THE SANITATION OF WORKSHOPS, FACTORIES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS WITH PROPOSED AMEND- MENTS AND ADDITIONS BAKESHOPS Section 1012 — Plumbing and Ventilation of Baker- ies. All bakeries shall be drained and plumbed in a sanitary manner and provided with such airshafts, windows or ventilating pipes, as the chief inspector of workshops and factories or a district inspector directs. No cellar or basement shall be used as a bakery. Sec. 1013 — Wash Rooms, Etc., Apart From Bakery. Each bakery shall be provided with a suitable wash room and water closet apart from the bake room where manufacturing of food products is conducted. No water-closet, earth-closet, privy or ash pit shall be in or communicate directly with a bakeshop or any bakery for a hotel or public restaurant. SWEAT SHOPS Sec. 1020 — Rooms Used for Manufacture of Wear- ing Apparel or Tobacco Goods. No dwelling or build- ing or room or apartment thereof in or connected with a tenement dwelling or other building shall be used, except by the immediate members of the family living therein, for carrying on any process of making wearing apparel or goods for wear, use or adornment, or for manufacturing cigars, cigarettes or tobacco goods in any form, if such wearing apparel or other goods 28 are to be exposed for sale or sold by a manufacturer, wholesaler or jobber or by a retailer, unless such room or apartment is made to conform to the requirements and regulations herein provided. Sec. 1021 — Entrances Required for Such Room. Each room or apartment used for the purposes named in the preceding section, except by the immediate members of the family living therein, shall be regarded as a shop or factory, and shall be separate from and have no door, window or other opening into a living or sleeping room of a tenement or dwelling. No such shop or factory shall be used for living or sleeping purposes or contain any bed, bedding or cooking utensils, or other utensils, except those required to carry on the work therein. Each such shop or factory shall have a direct entrance from the outside and if above the first floor, have a separate and distinct stairway leading thereto, and be well and sufficiently lighted, heated and ventilated. Sec. 1022 — Water Closets for Such Rooms. A shop or factory used for the purposes named in the preced- ing two sections shall have suitable closet arrange- ments for each sex employed therein. When there are ten or more persons and three or more to the number of twenty-five are of either sex, a separate and distinct water closet, either inside the building with adequate plumbing and connections, or on the outside at least twenty feet from the building shall be provided for each sex. When the number employed is more than twenty-five of either sex, there shall be provided an additional water closet for each sex up to the number of fifty persons and above that number in the same ratio. Such closets shall be kept exclusively for the use of the employes or employers in such shop or factory. 29 Sec. 1023 — Inspector May Require Certain Changes. If more than one room is used under the direction of one employer for the purposes named in the preceding three sections, such rooms shall be regarded as one shop or factory. Each shop or factory shall be kept in a clean and wholesome condition, stairways and prem- ises within the radius of thirty feet shall be kept clean, and closets regularly disinfected and supplied with disinfectants. The chief inspector of workshops and factories or a district inspector may require necessary changes or the cleaning, painting or white- washing necessary to insure absolute freedom from odor, filth, vermin, decaying matter or any other thing liable to impair health or breed infectious or contag- ious diseases. Such inspector shall prevent the opera- tion of such shops and factories, if they do not conform to the provisions of the preceding sections, and cause the arrest and prosecution of the persons operating them. WORKSHOPS AND FACTORIES Sec. 1009 — Inside Water Closets and Dressing Rooms. The owner or person having charge of the building wherein any female is employed shall provide in each establishment on the same floor or the floor immediately below the floor where such employe works, suitable and separate toilet and dressing rooms and water-closets, properly ventilated, for the exclusive use of such employes. Such toilet and dressing-rooms and water-closets shall be situated together, with one water-closet for every twenty -five females or less, and where there are more than twenty-five females, addi- tional water-closets shall be provided in the same ratio; no toilet or dressing room or water-closet shall be placed in the basement or cellar unless females are actually 30 and regularly employed therein, and unless such basement or cellar is properly ventilated. Outside Water Closets. (See Title 18, Sec. 12600- 265.) BUILDINGS FOR PUBLIC USE Sec. 12590— Ventilation. The ventilating system or machinery in such building, structure, room or place shall be capable of changing the air in such room every thirty minutes; in rooms containing lavatories and water-closets, every ten minutes. In addition, lavator- ies and water closets shall have soil and waste pipes fully ventilated to the outside air. OHIO STATE BUILDING CODE An Act Establishing a building code, regulating the construc- tion of, repair of, alternation on and additions to public and other buildings and parts thereof; regulat- ing the sanitary condition of public and other build- ings providing for fire protection and fire prevention; and providing for the construction and erection of elevators, stairways and fire escapes in and upon public buildings. ADMINISTRATIVE (12600-274 to 12600-282 G. C.) [O. L. Vol. 102, P. 586.] Passed May 31, 1911. Section 12600-274— It shall be unlawful for any owner or owners, officers, board, committee or other person to construct, erect, build, equip, or cause to be constructed, erected, built or equipped any opera house, hall, theater, church, schoolhouse, college, academy, 31 seminary, infirmary, sanitorium, children's home, hospi- tal, medical institute, asylum, memorial building, armory assembly hall or other building used for the assem- blage or betterment of people in any municipal corpora- tion, county or township in this state, or to make any addition thereto or alteration thereof, except in case of repairs for maintenance without affecting the con- struction, sanitation, safety or other vital feature of said building or structure, without complying with the requirements and provisions relating thereto contained in this act. Sec. 12600-275— It shall be unlawful for any archi-| tect, builder, civil engineer, plumber, carpenter, mason j contractor, sub-contractor, foreman or employe to| violate or assist in violating any of the provisions con-^ tained in this act. | Sec. 12600-276- Each section of this act and every? part of each section is hereby declared to be independ-^ ent sections and parts of sections, and the holding oi\ any section or part thereof to be void and ineffective j for any cause shall not be deemed to affect any other i section or part thereof. j Sec. 12600-277— Nothing herein contained shall be ] construed to limit the council of municipalities from ' making further and additional regulations, not in con- ^ fiict with any of the provisions in this act contained . nor shall the provisions of this act be construed toi modify or repeal any portions of any building code i adopted by a municipal corporation and now in force ' which are not in direct conflict with the provisions of i] this act. Where the use of another fixture, device or ■; construction is desired at variance with whatisdescrib- ' ed in this statute, plans, specifications and details shall J be furnished to the proper state and municipal > 32 i •authorities mentioned in section 1 for examination and approval and if required actual tests shall be made to the complete satisfaction of said state and municipal authorities that the fixture, device or construction pro- posed answers to all intent and purposes the fixture, device or construction hereafter described in this statute, instead of actual tests satisfactory evidence of such tests may be presented for approval with full particu- lars of the results and containing the names of witnesses of said tests. Sec. 12600-278— The provisions of this act shall not apply to the construction or erection of any public building or to any addition thereto or alternation thereof, the plans and specifications of which have been heretofore submitted to and approved by the chief inspector of workshops and factories. The provisions of this act shall not apply to the construction, erection or equipping of any public building, addition thereto or alteration thereof, the contract for the construction, erection or equipping of which has been let or entered into prior to the date at which this act takes effect. Chapter Penalties Sec. 12600-279 — Whoever being the owner or hav- ing the control as an officer, or as a member of a board or committee or otherwise of any opera house, hall, theater, church, school -house, college, academy, semi- nary, infirmary, sanitorium, children's home, hospital, medical institute, asylum, memorial buildings, armory, assembly hall or other buildings for the assemblage or betterment of people in any municipal corporation, township or county in this state, violates any of the provisions of the foregoing act or fails to conform to any of the provisions thereof, or fails to obey any (2) 33 order of the state fire marshal, chief inspector of work- shops and factories or building inspector or com- missioner in cities having a building inspection depart- ment, or the state board of health in relation to the matters and things in this act contained shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and stand committed until said fine and costs be paid or secured to be paid or until otherwise discharged by the due process of law. Sec. 12600-280— Any architect, civil engineer, build- er, plumber, carpenter, mason, contractor, subcon- tractor, foreman, or employe who shall violate or assist in the violation of any of the provisions of this act or of any order issued thereunder shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and to stand committed until said fine and costs are paid or secured to be paid or until otherwise discharged by due process of law. Sec. 12600-281— It shall be the duty of the state fire marshal or fire chief of municipalities having fire departments to enforce all the provisions herein con- tained relating to fire prevention. It shall be the duty of the chief inspector of work- shops and factories or building inspector, or commis- sioner of buildings in municipalities having building departments to enforce all the provisions herein con- tained for the construction, arrangement and erection of all public buildings or parts thereof, including the sanitary condition of the same, in relation to the heat- ing and ventilation thereof. It shall be the duty of the state board of health or building inspector or commissioner, or health depart- 34 merits of municipalities having building or health departments to enforce all the provisions in this act contained, in relation and pertaining to sanitary plumb- ing. But nothing herein contained shall be construed to exempt any other officer Or department from the obligation of enforcing all existing laws in reference to this act. Sec. 12600-282— A justice of the peace, mayor or police judge shall have final jurisdiction within his county in a prosecution for a violation of any provision of the foregoing act. CLASSES OF BUILDINGS Section 12600-1— Under part two ^^ will be found under their respective titles, the various classes of buildings covered by this code together with the special requirements for their respective design, construction and equipnient. The classification of the various buildings will be found under the following titles, viz: Title 1 — Theaters and assembly halls. Title 2— Churches. Title 3 — School buildings. Title 4 — Asylums, hospitals and homes. Title 5 — Hotels, lodging houses, apartment and tene- ment houses. Title 6— Club and lodge buildings. Title 7 — Workshops, factories and mercantile establish- ments. Buildings or parts of buildings used only for the specific purpose mentioned under their respective title and classification shall be designed, constructed and equipped as called for under all of the sections coming under such title and classification. 35 Buildings used for two or more, different kinds of occupancy and combining the classifications covered under two or more different titles shall be designed, constructed and equipped according to all of the various sections of the different titles affecting such building or parts of such building. The detailed requirements of the above mentioned special requirements, together with standard devices will be found in subsequent Parts of this code. THEATERS AND ASSEMBLY HALLS Section 12600-32 — Sanitation. Theaters and as- sembly halls seating or accommodating three hundred (300) or more persons shall be provided with a sanitary equipment as follows: Where water supply and a sewerage system are available a sanitary equipment shall be installed as follows: Separate water closets in connection with the stage shall be provided for males and females. Separate drinking fountains shall be provided for the stage and auditorium. In the auditorium one drinking fountain shall be provided to each four hundred (400) persons or less. Fountains to have jet giving a continuous flow of water. No cup or tumbler shall be used in the building, except it be destroyed after serving one person. Separate toilet rooms in connection with the audi- torium shall be provided for males and females in each tier or level and in these shall be installed the follov/- ing fixtures, viz., one water closet to each one hundred (100) females or less; one water closet to each two hundred (200) males or less and one urinal to each two hundred- (200) males or less. The above number of fixtures shall be based upon the maximum seating 36 capacity, and it shall be assumed that the audience will be equally divided between males and females. Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked ''Men's toilet" and for females "Women's toilet." If a water supply and sewerage system are not avail- able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within the building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), closets and urinals in the above proportion shall be placed on the theater or assembly hall grounds and no water closet or urinal shall be placed nearer any occu- pied building than twenty (20) feet. If lavatories are used the same shall have no wastes plugs or stoppers, except lavatories placed in the dress- ing rooms used in connection with the stage. Where pumps or hydrants are used the outlets shall be inverted. Proposed Amendments and Additions Sanitation. Theaters and assembly halls seating or accommodating three hundred (300) or more persons shall be provided with a sanitary equipment as follows: Where water supply and a sewerage system are avail- able a sanitary equipment shall be installed as follows: Separate water closets in connection with the stage shall be provided for males and females, except when the area of the stage does not exceed three hundred (300) square feet, the same water closet may be used for males and females. A drinking fountain shall be provided for the stage, when the floor area of the stage exceeds three hundred (300) square feet. In the auditorium one drinking fountain shall be provided to each four hundred (400) persons or frac- tion thereof. Fountains to have jet giving a continu- ous flow of water, or may be operated by ring or foot valve. 37 Separate toilet rooms in connection with the audi- torium shall be provided for males and females and in these shall be installed the following fixtures, viz: For theaters giving entertainments of not more than one hour duration; one water closet to each four hun- dred (400) males or fraction thereof. One water closet to each two hundred (200) females or fraction thereof. One urinal to each two hundred (200) males or frac- tion thereof. For all other Theaters and Assembly Halls: one water closet to each three hundred (300) males or fraction thereof. One water closet to each one hundred and fifty (150) females or fraction thereof. One urinal to each one hundred and fifty (150) males or fraction thereof. Each tier or level accommodating more than three hundred (300) persons, shall be provided with separate toilet rooms for males and females in and for such tier or level. The above number of fixtures shall be based upon the maximum seating capacity, and it shall be assumed that the audience will be equally divided between males and females, except in the third tier or level in which it shall be assumed that the audience will be divided in the proportion of two (2) males to one (1) female. No lavatory, except lavatories placed in the dressing rooms, used in connection with the stage, shall be pro- vided with waste plugs or stoppers. Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked "Men's Toilet" and for females 'Women's Toilet." If a water supply and sewerage system are not avail- able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within the building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), 38 closets and urinals in the above porportion shall be placed -on the theater or assembly hall grounds and no water closet or urinal shall be placed nearer any occu- pied building than twenty (20) feet. SCHOOL BUILDINGS Section 12600-50 — Dimensions of school and class rooms. Floor Space. The minimum floor space to be allowed per person, in school and class rooms, shall not be less than the following, viz.: Primary grades sixteen (16) square feet per person. Grammar grades eighteen (18) square feet per person. High schools twenty (20) square feet per person. All other school and class rooms twenty -four (24) square feet per person. Cubical Contents. The gross cubical contents of each school and class room, shall be of such a size as to provide for each pupil or person not less than the following cubic feet of air space, viz.: Primary grades 200 cubic feet, grammar grades 225 cubic feet, high schools 250 cubic feet and in grade B buildings 300 cubic feet. Height of Stories. Toilet, play and recreation rooms shall be not less than eight (8) feet high in the clear measuring from the floor to the ceiling line. The height of all rooms, except toilet play and rec- reation rooms shall be not less than one-half the aver- age width of the room, and in no case less than ten (10) feet high. Capacity of Rooms. The plans shall be clearly marked showing the maximum number of pupils or persons to be accommodated in each room. - 39 Section 12600-51— Rest Rooms. In all school build- ings of grade ''A" containing four and not more than eight school or class rooms, a rest or hospital room shall be provided, and in all school buildings of grade "A" containg more than eight school or class rooms, two such rooms shall be provided. These rooms shall be provided with a couch and sup- plies for the first aid to the injured, and where water supply is available shall be provided with water closets and sinks. Proposed Amendment Rest Rooms. In all school buildings of grade "A" containing four and not more than eight (8) school or class rooms, a rest or hospital room shall be provided, and in all school buildings of grade "A" containing more than eight school or class rooms, two such rooms shall be provided. Where a water supply is available each rest room shall be provided with water closet and sink. Sec. 12600-54 — Optics. The proportion of glass surface in museums, libraries and art galleries, shall be not less than one (1) square foot of glass to each six (6) square feet of floor area. The proportion of glass in each class, study, recitation, high school room and laboratory, shall not be less than one (1) square foot of glass to each five (6) square feet of floor area. (For glass surface in rooms used for domestic science and manual training, see part 2, title 7, workshops, factories and mercantile establishments.) The proportion of glass surface in each play, toilet or recreation room, shall be not less than one (1) square foot of glass to each ten (10) square feet of floor area. 40 Windows shall be placed either at the left, or the left and rear of the pupils when seated. Tops of windows, except in libraries, museums and art galleries shall not be placed more than eight (8") inches below the minimum ceiling height as established under section 7. The unit of measuremerrt for the width of a properly lighted room, when lighted from one side only, shall be the height of the window head above the floor. The width of all class and recitation rooms when lighted from one side only, shall never exceed two and one-half times this unit measured at right angles to the source of light. All windows shall be placed in the exterior walls of the building, except for halls, corridors, stock and sup- ply closets which may be lighted by ventilated sky- lights or by windows placed in interior walls or parti- tions. Museums, libraries and art galleries may be lighted by skylights, or clear story windows. Sec. 12600-65— Sanitation. Where a water supply and sewerage system are available a sanitary equipment shall be installed as follows: In the superstructure of the building one sink and one drinking fountain shall be installed on each floor to each six thousand (6000) square feet of floor area or less. In the basement one sink and one drinking fountain shall be installed on the males' side and the same on the females' side to each three hundred and fifty (350) pupils, or less. Sinks shall be the ordinary slop sinks, or in lieu of same, lavatories may be used providing the waste plug or stopper has been removed. 41 Sanitary schoolhouse drinking fountains with jet giving a continuous flow of water shall be installed, and no tin cups or tumblers shall be allowed in or about any school building. In libraries, museums and art galleries there shall be provided the following fixtures, viz: One water closet to each one hundred (100) females, or less. One water closet to each two hundred (200) males or less. One urinal to each two hundred (200) males, or less. The above to be based upon the actual number of persons to be accommodated, the capacity, being estab- lished as prescribed under section 12, means of egress. In all other school buildings there shall be provided the following fixtures, viz.: One water closet for each fifteen (15) females or less. One water closet for each twenty-five (25) males or less. One urinal for each fifteen (15) males or less. Toilet accommodations for males and females shall be placed in separate rooms, with a traveling distance between the same of not less than twenty (20) feet. Juvenile or short closets shall be used for primary and grammar grade schools. This does not apply when latrine closets are used. In buildings accommodating males and females it shall be presumed that the occupants will be equally divided between males and females. Where water supply and sewerage systems are not available no sanitary equipment shall be installed with- in the building, but pumps in lieu of drinking fountains, closets and urinals in the above proportions shall be placed upon the school building grounds, and no closets 42 or urinals shall be placed nearer any occupied build- ing than (50) feet. Where pumps or hydrants are used the outlet shall be inverted. Buildings more than three stories in height shall be provided with toilet rooms in each story and basement, and in these shall be installed water closets and urinals in the above required ratios in proportion to the num- ber of persons to be accommodated in the various stories. Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked ''Boys' toilet" or ''Men's toilet" and for females "Girls' toilet" or "Women's toilet." Proposed Amendments and Additions Sanitation. Where a water supply and sewerage system are available a sanitary equipment shall be in- stalled as follows: Drinking fountains shall be provided as follows: viz.: In grade "A" school buildings one in each story of the superstructure to each six thousand (6000) square feet of floor area or less; and, one, in the basement to each two hundred (200) males or less and one to each two hundred (200) females or less. In all other buildings one drinking fountain shall be provided to each six thousand (6000) square feet of floor area or less. These shall be centrally located and if more than one is required they shall be located in different stories of the building. Drinking fountains shall have a jet giving a continu- ous flow of water or be operated by a ring or foot valve. "A" grade school buildings shall be provided with slop sinks in the number as prescribed for drinking 43 fountains, or in lieu of slop sinks lavatories without stoppers may be used. In colleges, academies and seminaries one lavatory without stopper shall be provided to each one hundred (100) persons. In libraries, museums and art galleries there shall be provided the following fixtures, viz.: One water closet to each fifty (50) females or frac- tion thereof. One water closet to each one hundred (100) males or fraction thereof. One urinal to each one hundred (100) males or frac- tion thereof. The above to be based upon the actual number of persons to be accommodated, the capacity being es- tablished as prescribed under means of egress. In all other school buildings there shall be provided the following fixtures, viz.: One water closet for each fifteen (15) females or fraction thereof. One water closet for each twenty -five (25) males or fraction thereof. One urinal for each fifteen (15) males or fraction thereof. Toilet accommodations for males and females shall be placed in separate rooms, with a traveling distance be- tween the same of not less than twenty (20) feet. Juvenile or short closets shall be used for primary and grammar grade schools. This does not apply when latrine closets are used. In buildings accommodating males and females it shall be presumed that the occupants will be equally divided between males and females, unless such build- ing be used exclusively by either sex or a different constant proportion is known. 44 Where water supply and sewerage systems are not available no sanitary equipment shall be installed with- in the building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking foun- tains), closets and urinals in the above proportions shall be placed upon the school building grounds, and no closets or urinals shall be placed nearer any occu- pied building than fifty (50) feet. Buildings more than (3) stories in height shall be provided with toilet rooms in each story and basement and in these shall be installed water closets and urinals in the above prescribed ratios in proportion to the number of persons to be accommodated in the various stories. Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked "Boys' toilet" or "Men's toilet" and for females "Girls' toilet or "Women's toilet." SANITATION, PLUMBING AND VENTILATION OF ASYLUMS, HOSPITALS, HOMES AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS Sanitation. Separate toilet accommodations shall be provided for males and females in each story and in each section of the building. No toilet room shall connect directly with any kitchen, dining room or other room where edibles are prepared or consumed, and no water closet shall be placed in any room or apartments used for sleeping or living purposes, except in cells of penal institutions. Walls, ceilings and floors of cells in penal institutions shall be made of nonabsorbent indestructible material. All basements shall have a damp-proof or water- proof floor properly drained to carry off surface water. Floors of all diet kitchens and operating rooms in- cluding the various apartments connected therewith 45 shall have floors and base of non-absorbent inde- structible material and all floors of toilet rooms, lava- tories, water closet compartments or any enclosure where plumbing fixtures are used within the building shall have a water-proof floor and base the same as prescribed under Part 4, Sanitation, Title 12, Section 12600-230. No garbage chute shall be erected in or be connected with any buildings included under this classification. Kitchens shall be provided with a system of ventila- tion, which will change the air not less than six (6) times per hour. Each individual cell or dungeon shall be provided with a ventilating flue connecting with an exhaust fan or other efficient method for removing the foul air. Plumbing flxtures shall be provided in the following proportions: For Penal Institutions. 1 water closet placed in each cell. 1 lavatory placed in each cell For Hospitals. 1 lavatory to each twenty (20) persons or fraction thereof. 1 water closet to each forty (40) females or fraction thereof. 1 water closet to each fifty (50) males or fraction thereof. 1 urinal to each fifty (50) males or fraction thereof. 1 bath to each fifteen (15) persons or fraction thereof. 1 drinking fountain to each fifty (50) persons or fraction thereof. For all Other Buildings. 1 lavatory to each ten ( 10) persons or fraction thereof. 46 1 water closet to each twenty (20) females or frac- tion thereof. 1 water closet to each twenty-five (25) males or fraction thereof. 1 urinal to each ftfty (50) males or fraction thereof. 1 bath to each seven (7) persons or fraction thereof. 1 drinking fountain to each thirty (30) persons or fraction thereof. No doors shall be used on stalls to boys' water closets in juvenile homes. Lavatories shall not be provided with waste plugs or stoppers, Drinking fountains shall give a continuous flow of water or be operated by a ring or foot valve. Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked "Boy's toilet" or ''Men's toilet" and for females "Girl's toilet" or "Women's toilet". CLUB AND LODGE BUILDINGS Sanitation. Where a water supply and sewerage system are available a sanitary equipment shall be in- stalled within the building as follows: If the building is used by males and females, separate toilet rooms shall be provided for each sex, and the traveling distance between the entrance doors to such toilet rooms shall not be less than twenty (20) feet. No toilet room shall connect directly with any kitchen, dining room or other room where edibles are prepared or consumed. The number of plumbing fixtures to be installed in club and lodge buildings shall not be less than given in the following table. The same shall be based on the maximum number of persons to be accommodated under normal conditions after making the proper reduction for unoccupied rooms. 47 (See means of egress, for the method of establishing the capacity of the rooms.) One lavatory to each one hundred (100) persons or fraction thereof. One water closet to each seventy (70) females or fraction thereof. One water closet to each one hundred (100) males or fraction thereof. One urinal to each one hundred (100) males or frac- tion thereof. One drinking fountain to each one hundred (100) persons or fraction thereof. Minor assembly halls built in connection with and» as a necessary adjunct to a school building hospital hotel, workshop, factory or mercantile establishment need not be supplied with any sanitary equipment other than that prescribed for the buildings which it serves. Lavatories shall be provided with waste plugs or stoppers. Drinking fountains giving a continuous flow of water or operating by a ring or foot valve shall be installed. If a water supply and sewerge system are not avail- able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within the building; but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), water closets and urinals in the above proportions shall be placed on the building ground, and no water closet or urinal shall be placed nearer any occupied building than twenty (20) feet. Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked "Boys' toilet" or "Men's toilet" and for females "Girls* toilet" or Women's toilet". ROOF GARDENS Sec. 40. — D. Sanitation. Roof gardens shall be pro- vided with a sanitary equipment as prescribed for 48 theaters, but such equipment may be located in the story immediately below the roof garden level. The number of persons to be accommodated shall be based upon the actual number of persons to be ac- commodated in stationary seats or benches, plus an additional person to each fifteen (15) square feet of area of the public parts of such roof garden where stationary seats and benches are not prescribed. CHURCHES Sec. 24.— Sanitation. Churches seating or accommo- dating three hundred (300) or more persons shall be pro- vided with a sanitary equipment as follows: Where a water and sewerage system are available a sanitary equipment shall be installed as follows: Separate toilet rooms shall be provided for males and females and in these shall be installed the following fixtures, viz.: one water closet to each one hundred and fifty (150) fe- males or fraction thereof. One water closet to each three hundred (300) males or fraction thereof. One urinal to each one hundred and fifty (150) males or fraction thereof. Drinking fountains giving a continous flow of water or operated by a ring or foot valve shall be provided in the ratio of one fountain to each four hundred (400) persons or fraction thereof. The above shall be based on the maximum seating capacity of the auditorium, Sabbath school and balcon. ies and it shall be presumed that the audience will be equally divided between males and females. No lavatories shall be provided with a waste plug or stopper. Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked 'MEN'S TOILET" and for females, "WOMEN^S, TOILET." 49 If a water supply and sewerage system are not avail- able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within the building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), closets and urinals in the above proportion shall be placed on the church grounds, and no water closet or urinal shall be placed nearer any occupied building than twenty (20) feet. PART 4 SANITATION [12600-137 to 12600-273 G. C] Title I. Title II. Title III. Title IV. Title V. Title VI. Title VII. Title VIII. Title IX. Title X. Title XL Title XII. Title XIII. Title XIV. Title XV. Title XVI. Title XVII. Title XVIH. Title XIX. TABLE OF CONTENTS Definition of Terms Size of Pipes Materials, Quality and Weights. . . . Joints and Connections Traps and Cleanouts General Regulations. House Sewerage and Drains Yard, Sub-Soil and Other Drains. . Roof Conductors and Leaders Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes Refrigerator, Safe and Special Wastes Fixtures Toilet Rooms Inspection and Tests Catch Basins Sumps and Ejectors Cesspools Sewage Treatment Works Vaults Pumps and Hydrants 50 DEFINITION OF TERMS A Waste Pipe is any pipe which receives the discharge of any fixture except water closets and conveys the same to the soil pipe or house drain. Soil Pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closets with or without other fixtures, to the house drain. House Drain is that part of the horizontal piping of a house drainage system which receives the discharge of all soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside the walls of any building and conveys the same to the house sewer, three feet outside the foundation wall of such building. House Sewer or Main Drain is that part of the hori- zontal piping beginning three feet from the foundation wall to its connection with the main sewer or cesspool. A Vent Pipe is any pipe provided to ventilate a drainage and plumbing system of piping and to prevent siphon age and back pressure. A Back Vent Pipe is that part of a vent pipe line which connects directly with an individual trap under- neath or back of the fixture, and extends either to the branch, main, soil, or waste vent. Soil or Waste Vent is that part of the main soil or waste pipe above the highest installed branch or fixture connection, extending through the roof. Conductors or Roof Leaders are conveyors which carry the storm or rain water from the roofs of buildings to the house or yard drain. The term Down Spout is usually applied to the vertical portion. Local or Surface Vent is a pipe by which the foul air in bowls of water closets or other plumbing fixtures, is removed. 51 Sub soil Drain is that part of a drainage system which conveys the sub soil or ground or seep water from the foot of walls or below the cellar floor under buildings, to the house sewer or drain through a back pressure trap. Trap is a fitting so constructed as to prevent the passage of air or gas through a pipe without materially affecting the flow of sewerage or waste water therein. Traps — Depth of Seal is the height of the water column measured between the points of overflow and the dip or division level separating the inlet and outlet arms of the trap. "Plumbers Work" shall include all piping in a build- ing upon which tests are required to a point three (3) feet outside the foundation walls and shall include the house drain, soil and waste stacks, conductors and roof leaders. TITLE I Size of Pipes Sec. 12600-137 — Size of house drains, soil and waste stacks, mains and branches. Twenty (20) square feet of roof or yard area in horizontal projection counts as one fixture. Three feet of urinal trough or wash sink counts as one fixture. One bath, basin, sink or smaller fixture counts as one fixture. One pedestal urinal or slop hopper sink counts as two fixtures. One water closet counts as four fixtures. Dimensions given refer to the inside diameter. 52 Maximum Number of Fixtures Connected To Size of Waste, Soil and Soil Pipe pipe Waste Combined Alone IX in. 1 fixture l>^in. 3 fixtures 2 in. 8 fixtures 2K in. 10 fixtures 3 in. 20 fixtures 2 water closets 3>^in. 40 fixtures 2 water closets 4 in. 64 fixtures 16 water closets 5 in. 144 fixtures 36 water closets 6 in. 288 fixtures 72 water closets 7 in. 504 fixtures 126 water closets 8 in. 840 fixtures 210 water closets 9 in. 1,160 fixtures 290 water closets 10 in. 1,600 fixtures 400 water closets 11 in. 2,120 fixtures 530 water closets 12 in. 2,840 fixtures 710 water closets Providing that the number of water closets on any soil pipe, with or without other fixtures, shall never exceed the number given in the last column. Where it is impractical to use four (4) inch soil pipe for water closets, three (3) inch soil pipe may be used for vertical stacks, and shall conform with the number of fixtures in the above table. If earthenware drains, or sewers are used the diameter of the pipe shall be increased one size over the above "table". 53 Sec. 12600-138 — Size of fixtures, traps and wastes. The size ( inside diameter ) of the trap and waste branches for a given fixture shall never be less than the following: Kind of Fixtures Water closet , Slop sink with trap combined Slop sink ordinary Lip urinal Pedestal urinal Floor drains or wash Yard drains or catch basins Urinal troughs Laundry tub Kitchen sinks (residence) Kitchen sinks (Large) hotels or public Pantry sinks (Large) hotels or public Pantry or bar sinks Wash basins, one only Bath tubs Shower baths Sitz bath Safe wastes and drips Drinking fountains Fountain cuspidors Size in Inches 3 3 2% 3 2 2- \% U2 2% 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1^ IX IX IX 2 2 2 2 IV IX m IX ij^ 1X2 2 2 Wz \% 1 1 ^% IX IX IX 54 Sec. 12600-139— Size of Vent Pipe Stacks. The following table gives the size of vent pipes and the maximum number of fixtures that they shall serve: ^ ^ ^^- od -u Size of ||.s Number of traps 1^ u Pipe S-^S in 1>2 or less a| S^ X> be §2 1^ 1 1 ^- IX in. pipe 15 1 (IM in. trap) 1>^ in. pipe 25 3 1 2 in. pipe 40 12 6 3 or less 2>^ in. pipe 60 24 12 6 3 in. pipe 90 48 •24 12 3>^ in. pipe 130 100 50 25 4 in. pipe 180 160 80 40 5 in. pipe 240 210 140 70 6 in. pipe 330 480 240 120 For five (5) inch traps and over the vent shall be one -half the diameter of the trap except as perscribed in Title XI, section 12600-222— Latrines. If the length of a branch or main vent pipe is to ex- ceed the given maximum, the above diameter must be increased to the tabulated size opposite the length required, irrespective of the number of traps vented, but in no case shall the main vent be less than one- half the diametar of the adjoining soil pipe. Sec. 12600-140— Size of Local Vent Pipe Stacks. In the following table the unit of a local vent for a 55 single water closet, pedestal urinal, urinal bowl, slop hopper or sink, and to each three feet of urinal or gutter shall be a two (2) inch pipe. Maximum Number of Closets vented Size of developed Pipe length in feet Main vertical Mains Branches part 2 in. 40 1 1 3 in. 100 3 6 4 in. 150 6 12 5 in. 200 10 20 6 in. 250 16 32 7 in. 300 23 46 Sin. 350 32 64 9 in. 400 42 84 10 in. 450 56 112 11 in. 500 72 144 12 in. 550 90 180 The dimensions given refer to the inside diameter ot pipe. Where the number of fixtures exceeds the limit of the tables, sizes and lengths shall be increased in corresponding ratio. TITLE 2 Materials, Quality and Weights. Sec. 12600-141— Earthenware Pipe. QUALITY OF Pipe. All earthenware pipe and fittings shall be of the hub or spigot pattern, cylindrical in section, thoroughly vitrified through the thickness of the pipe, and thoroughly salt glazed over the entire inner and outer surfaces. Each length shall be of a uniform caliber, 56 smooth bore throughout, without twist or wind, and free from fire cracks, bUsters, flaws or other defects. Earthenware pipe used for tile drains shall be with- out hub or socket, and can be either cylindrical or D shaped in section. Sec. 12600-142— Cast Iron Pipe. A— QUALITY OF Pipe. All cast iron pipe and fittings shall be sound, cylindrical and smooth, free from cracks, sand holes and other defects of a uniform thickness and not lighter than the commercial grade known as ''extra heavy." B- Weights of Cast Iron Pipe. Pipe shall not weigh less than the following per lineal foot, which weights include the hubs. Diameter of Pipe. Weights per Foot 2 inch 5)4 pounds 9)4 pounds 3 inch 4 inch 13 pounds 5 inch 17 pounds 20 pounds 27 pounds 6 inch 7 inch 8 inch 33 >^ pounds C— Coating for Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings. All pipes shall be coated at the factory for underground use with asphaltum or coal tar pitch. Pipes and fittings above ground may be plain or coated with linseed oil, coal oil, asphaltum or coal tar pitch. Sec. 12600-143— Wrought Iron Pipe. A— THICK- NESS AND Weight of Pipe. All wrought iron pipe must 57 be of standard lap welded pipe of following thickness and weights: not less than the Diameter Thickness Weight per Lineal Foot IK inches .14 inches 2.68 pounds 2 inches .15 inches 3.61 pounds 2% inches .20 inches 5.74 pounds 3 inches .21 inches 7.54 pounds 3K inches .22 inches 9.00 pounds 4 inches .23 inches 10.66 pounds ^% inches .24 inches 12.34 pounds 5 inches .25 inches 14.50 pounds 6 inches .28 inches 18.76 pounds 7 inches .30 inches 23.27 pounds 8 inches .32 inches 28.18 pounds B— Quality and Coating of Pipe and Fittings. All wrought iron pipe used for soil, waste and vent pipes shall be galvanized iron, and the malleable fit- tings galvanized, the cast iron fittings galvanized or coated with asphaltum or coal tar pitch. The fittings for wrought iron waste, soil and refrig- erator wastes shall be of cast or malleable iron, or brass recessed drainage fittings with smooth interior waterway and threads tapped out of solid metal so as to give a uniform grade to branches of not less than one-fourth (X) of an inch per foot. Threaded fitting for vents and back vents two (2) inches, or less shall be galvanized malleable iron. Fittings of larger dimensions shall be brass, galvanized malleable iron, or cast iron, galvanized or coated with asphaltum or coal tar pitch. 58 [Substitute for 12600-143] Wrought Iron and (Mild Steel) Pipe. A— Thick- ness and Weight of Pipe. All wrought iron or mild steel pipes used for soil, waste or vent pipes shall be galvanized, and not lighter than the commercial grade known as ''Full Weight." B — The fittings for wrought iron or mild steel waste, soil and refrigerator waste shall be cast or malleable iron or brass recessed drainage fittings, with smooth interior waterway and threads tapped out of solid metal, so as to give a uniform grade to branches of not less than X of ^^ ii^ch per foot. C — Threaded fittings for soil, waste and vent pipes shall be brass, galvanized malleable iron or cast iron. Sec. 12600-144— Lead Pipe. WEIGHTS OF LEAD Pipe. All pipe used for branch soil, waste, vent or flush pipes shall be of best quality of drawn pipe, of not less weight per lineal foot than shown in the following tables: Lead branch soil, waste, vent or flush pipes includ- ing bends and traps. Internal Diameter Weights 1 inch I 1 lb. 8 oz . VX inch I • 2 lb. 8 oz. 1^ inch I 3 lb. 8 oz. 2 inch = 4 lb. oz . 3 inch 6 lb. oz . 4 inch 8 lb. oz. Sec. 12600-145— Brass Pipe and Fittings. Brass pipe for soil, waste and vent pipes shall be thoroughly annealed, seamless drawn or brazed tubing having 59 weight and outside diameter of not less than the following: Nominal Diameter. Gauge No. B. & S. Thickness Weight. l>(-in. 12 5-64 in. 1.08 lbs. IK in. 12 5-64 in. 1.32 lbs. 2 in. 12 5-64 in. 1.79 lbs. 2K in. 10 7-64 in. 2.82 lbs. 3 in. 10 7-64 in. 3.41 lbs. 4 in. 8 1-8 in. 5.74 lbs. 5 in. 8 1-8 in. 7.22 lbs. 6 in. 8 1-8 in. 8.71 lbs. For flush and local vents No. 18 gauge may be used. Drawn tubing only shall be used for the larger sizes, two and one-half {2J4) inches to six (6) inches, and brazed tubing may be used for the smaller sizes, one and one-quarter (IX) to two (2) inches. Brass fit- tings shall be good quality cast brass having a thick- ness in their walls not less than the tabular thickness given above for the corresponding brass pipe. The thickness of the tapped ends to be one and one-half (1>^) times the thickness of the corresponding pipe. Brass Ferrules. Brass Ferrules shall be best quality extra heavy cast brass, not less than four and one-half (4^) inches long and 2}(, 3)4 and 4)4 inches in di- ameter, and not less than the following weights: Diameters Weights 2)4 inches 3)4 inches 4 14 inches lib. Ooz. 1 lb. 12 oz. 2 lb. 8 oz. 60 mm Cup or similar ferrules shall conform with the above table. Soldering Nipples. Soldering nipples shall be heavy cast brast, or of brass pipe iron pipe size. When cast, they shall be full bore and not less than the following weights: Diameters Weights 1}4 inches. 1)4 inches. 2 inches . 2)4 inches. 3 inches 4 inches . lb. 6 oz. lb. 8 oz. lb. 14 oz. 1 lb. 6 oz. 2 lb. oz. 3 lb. 8 oz. Sec. 12600-146— Sheet Lead. Sheet lead for roof flashing shall not weigh less than three (3) pounds per square foot, and shall extend not less than six (6) inches from the pipe and the joint shall be made water-tight. Sec. 12600-147 — Copper. Copper tubing when used for inside roof conductors or leader connections shall be seamless drawn tubing, not less than number fourteen (14) B. &S. guage; and when copper is used for roof conductor or leader flashings it shall be not less than number eighteen (18) B. & S. gauge, and for local vents and interior ventilating pipe, may be spiral of gauge number twenty-six (26). TITLE 3 Joints and Connections Sec. 12600-148— Water and air tight joints. All joints and connections mentioned under this title shall be made gas and water tight. 61 Sec. 12600-149 — Earthenware pipes. Joints be- tween the hub and spigot shall be half filled with a gasket of oakum and then by finishing the joint with mortar made of one (1) part fresh Portland cement and one (1) part clean sharp sand. Each joint shall be carefully banked, wiped and cleaned. Sec. 12600-150 — Earthenware to iron pipe. Un- derground joints between earthenware and iron pipe shall be made the same as above required for earthen- ware pipe. Sec. 12600-151 — Cast iron pipes. All joints in cast iron pipe shall be made with pure lead well calked, and not less than one ( 1 ) inch deep, and no paint, var- nish or putty will be allowed until the joints have been tested. Oakum or other efficient methods shall be used to prevent the lead from running through the joint. Sec. 12600-152— Wrought Iron, (Mild Steel) and Brass Pipe. Joints in galvanized iron, (mild steel) or brass pipe shall be standard screw joints, and all burs or cuttings shall be removed. All joints shall be made up of white or red lead or mineral paint. Sec. 12600-153— Wrought Iron, (Mild Steel) and Brass to Cast Iron. Connections between wrought iron (mild steel) or brass to cast iron shall be either a calked joint (section 12600-151) or screwed joint (sec- tion 12600-152). All unions used on the sewer side of traps shall be ground faced and shall not be concealed or enclosed. No slip joint connection will be allowed on the sewer side of the trap. 63 Sec. 12600-154 — Lead Pipe. Joints in lead pipe, or between lead pipes and pipes of brass or copper shall (have an exposed surface of the solder to each side of the joint of at least three-quarters (^) of an inch). Sec. 12600-155— Lead to Iron Pipe. Joints between lead and iron pipes shall be made by extra heavy cast or drawn screw nipple, with either a calked joint or a soldered nipple with a threaded joint or approved con- caved brass bushings. Where cup or similar ferrules are used they shall extend not less than one-quarter (}() inch above the hub. Plate 2 64 S i^ Plate 3 y;cJ>Z'^z/r//v^ /r7^7^(/tr^ zf V/j 'CAi./r^A/(^^f7M^^. /iPF/YOi/fD Plate 4 (3) 65 Sec. 12600-156— Earthenware with metal floor connections. Fixtures with earthenware traps con- nected directly with soil or waste pipes shall have a solid brass floor plate, not less than three-sixt.eenths (3-16) of an inch thick, soldered to the lead bend or pipe, and screwed to the floor where joist are of wood, and where brass or iron is used, screwed to the same, and bolted to the trap flange. Joint shall be made gas tight with an asbestos graphite ring, asbestos string gasket, washer, red or white lead, or perfect screw joint. ^OC^>^A/V6^ Plate 5 ("Metal to Metal" floor flanges will be approved.) In wooden joist construction the connection between the earthenware and soil pipe shall have a [suitable] length of lead pipe between the wiped joint and the under side of the floor. ("Suitable" may be as short as two inches.) Sec. 12600-157 — Increasers and reducers. Where different sizes of pipe or pipes and fittings are to be 66 connected, proper size increasers or reducers, pitched to an angle of forty -five (45) degrees between the two sizes shall be used. Sec. 12600-158— Prohibited joints. Any fitting or connection which has or forms an enlargement, chamber or recess with a ledge, shoulder or reduction of the pipe area in the direction of the flow on the outlet or drain side of any trap, are prohibited. Sec. 12600-159 — Expansion bolts. Connections or hangers, pipe supports or fixture settings with masonry or stone backing shall be made with expansion bolts without the use of wood plugs. TITLE 4 Traps and Cleanouts Section. 12600-160— Traps. A.— WHERE USED. Each single fixture except those wasting as prescribed under title No. 11, Sec. 12600-222 shall be separately trapped by a water seal trap, placed as close to the fixture as possible. "Each Single Fixture" will include a set of three wash trays, or wash stands, a set of one or two wash trays with sink combined, provided they are made in One Fixture, and the trap is placed central, and the branches connect into the seal of the trap, and the size of the trap and branch conforms to that required for separate fixtures. B — Kind of Traps. Every trap shall be self-clean- ing. No form of trap which depends upon the action of movable parts for its seal shall be used. No trap which depends upon concealed interior partitions for its seal or which has an interior partition that, in case of defect, would allow the passage of sewer air, shall be used. 67 Plates 6 and 7 68 [Galvanized or porcelain enameled iron traps shall be extra heavy full bore, and have a smooth interior water way and threads tapped out of solid metal. Iron drum traps shall be made of extra heavy cast or malleable iron, galvanized or porcelain enameled on the inside and the drum shall not exceed four (4) inches in diameter. Drum traps shall have a water seal of not more than seven (7) inches nor less than two (2) inches.] Every trap shall be so installed that the water seal will protect the trap screw from sewer air. Traps for bath tubs, basins, sinks, or other similar fixtures shall be made of lead, brass (galvanized iron) or of iron (porcelain) enameled inside. C — Water Seal. Each trap shall have a water seal of not less than two (2) inches. D— Cleanouts and Vent Connections. Each trap except those in combination with fixtures where the trap seal is plainly visible and accessible shall be pro- vided with a brass trap screw. Traps placed between the floor shall have a brass trap screw for cleaning, in plain view or flush with the floor, or readily accessible from or under the floor. E— Trap Levels and Protection. All traps shall be rigidly supported and set true with respect to their water level, and shall be so located as to protect their seals. F— Traps Prohibited on Drains. There shall be no trap at the foot of soil or waste pipes upon the house drain or house sewer except where such drain, 69 or sewer is used exclusively for conducting rain water or surface water to a house drain or sewer. [A main house trap will be permitted on the house drain, provided a vent pipe is taken from both sides of the trap, the same size as the house drain, and carried separately to the roof, and located as for roof outlets.] "M^^^^m Sec. /3U0{h/i>/^'r^^ Plate 8 G— Other Wastes to Water Closet Trap Pro- hibited. In no case shall the waste from a bath tub or other fixture be connected with a water closet trap. H— Overflow Connections. Overflow pipes from fixtures shall in each case be connected on the inlet side of the trap. I— Cellar Drains. Cellar drains will be permitted only when they connect to a trap with a permanent water seal. [A downspout trap will be considered a 70 permanent water seal for a floor wash or cellar drain where it sets over the hand hole on the inlet side of the trap, and is provided with a cleanout screw.] Plate 9 Sec. 12600-161— Cleanouts. A— SiZE. Cleanouts shall be the same size as the pipe up to four (4) inches in diameter [except as provided in part D] and not less than four (4) inches for larger pipe or traps. Cleanouts shall be at least four (4) inches long with air tight screw joints made of brass. [Screw caps for cleanouts shall be of extra heavy brass, not less than yi of an inch thick. The screw cap shall have a solid square or hexagonal nut not less than one inch high. The body of a cleanout ferrule 71 shall be at least equal in weight and thickness, to the calking ferrule of the size of pipe. The engaging part shall have no less than six threads of iron pipe size, and be tapered.] B— Where Required. Cleanouts shall be provided as follows, at the foot of all vertical lines of soil pipe, and at the end of each horizontal line, distance between the cleanouts shall not exceed fifty (50) feet. [Any floor or wall connection of fixture traps will be regarded as cleanouts, provided they are bolted or screwed to the floor or wall.] There shall be at least two (2) cleanouts pro- vided in the house drain; one made with a full size Y branch just inside of the wall near the house drain and the house sewer connection, and the second near the end of the house drain, or at the base of the soil or waste stacks. Intermediate cleanouts may be made with Ts. [Made accessible by manholes with proper metallic covers.] Any vertical soil, waste or vent pipe having an open- ing readily accessible from the roof and without change of direction in its entire length shall not be required to be provided with a cleanout other than at its base. C — Manholes. All underground traps and cleanouts inside of a building, except where the cleanout traps are flush with the cellar floor, shall be made accessible by manholes with proper metallic covers, and all ex- terior underground traps with inaccessible cleanouts shall also be placed in manholes. D— Location. All traps and cleanouts shall be located so as to be easily accessible for cleaning. 73 TITLE 5 General Regulations Sec. 12600-162— Grade of horizontal pipes. All horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of one-half ( Yz ) inch per foot when possible, but in no case shall the grade be less than one -quarter (X) of an inch to one (1) foot for soil or waste pipes and house drains suspended by iron hangers or [supported] upon piers, posts or wall ledges; and not less than one-eighth {y%) of an inch per foot for vent or ventilating pipes, house sewers and under- ground drains. Sec. 12600-163— Change of direction. All drainage and plumbing pipes shall be rigidly secured or sup- ported to keep their alignment and grade, and all changes of directions, either horizontal or vertical, shall be made with the appropriate use of forty-five (45) degrees, 'Ts," half *'Ys," sanitary *T Ys,"- long sweep quarter, sixth, eighth or sixteenth bends, with short nipples when screw joints are used. Increase or reduction in size shall be made by the use of a proper fitting. Every vertical line of soil or waste pipe shall have no less than eighteen (18) inches of iron pipe, run hor- izontally at its base. Sec. 12600-164 — Prohibited fittmgs. No double hub, double T, or sanitary T branches shall be used on horizontal runs, nor shall double hubs or straight crosses be used on the soil or waste pipe. [Saddle hubs , and bands are in all cases prohibited.] 74 Plate 11 — Typical Drainage System Reference Title 5, Sec. 12,600-162-163 Title 6, Sec. 12.600-175-176-178 Title 7, Sec. 12,600-181 Title 8, Sec. 12,600-188-190 75 Sec. 12600-165— Offsets in mains. Offsets in the mains of all stacks shall be avoided if possible, but when unavoidable they shall be made with forty-five (45) de- gree fittings, if possible. Sec. 12600-166— Dead ends. In the installation of any plumbing system, all dead ends in pipes shall be avoided. Sec. 12600-167 — Drainage excavation. All exca- vations required to be made for the installation of a house drainage system, or any part thereof, within the walls of a building, shall be open trench work. All such trenches shall be kept open until the piping has been inspected. Parties in charge of the work shall notify the in- spector twenty-four (24) hours before work is ready for inspection, failure of the inspector to inspect the same at the time notified shall allow the party in charge to proceed with the work. Sec. 12600-168 — Separate trenches. Each system of piping shall be laid in a separate trench, except sanitary and surface sewers may be laid in the same trench. Trenches may be benched eighteen (18) inches for lighter pipes if not in violation of any city ordinance. Sec. 12600-169— Relieving arches. Where pipes pass under walls the same shall, if possible, be placed under openings, and in all cases where pipes pass under or through walls they shall be provided with a relieving arch or lintel. Sec. 12600-170— Stack supports. All free standing stacks shall be thoroughly supported on concrete or masonry piers at their base, and those forty (40) feet or more in height shall also be provided with foot rests 76 ^ssm ■^M^bi^^ilMmi^J^ Jl 77rzrJ7 gg^^ S^Q^/uod-nc ;?^g^^;3^is^P^ag»;a^^s^^ig3 J M Plate 12— Stack: Supports 7/t/eSfSec. /X6> 00-'/70 Plate 13— Cleanouts 77 at their base and also with floor rests, or supports at every ten (10) feet intervals. The pipe supports according to their location shall be made either with heavy iron posts, hangers, wall brackets or steel fittings, concrete or masonry piers, provided that no brick pier shall be less than eight (8) inches square. The use of pipe hooks shall be pro- hibited for larger than one and one -half {1/4) inch pipes. TITLE 6 House Sewerage and Drains Section 12600-171 — Independent system. The drainage and plumbing system of each new building or new work installed in an existing building shall be entirely separate and independent of that of any other building, except as provided in section 2 [12600-172]; and wherever available every building shall have an independent connection witha public or private sewer. Sec. 12600-172— Exceptions permissible. Where one building stands in the rear of another on an in- terior lot, and no private sewer is available, or can be made for the rear building, through an adjoining alley, court, yard or driveway, the house drain from the front building may be extended to the rear building and the whole will be considered as one house drain. Sec. 12600-173 — Connections with cesspools. When a sewer is not available, drain pipes from build- ings may be connected with cess pools or receiving vaults as prescribed in Title 16 of this code, provided, . however, that no water closet shall be connected to a leaching cesspool. Under the various titles of Part 2, where a sewerage system is mentioned, the same is meant to include 78 either a public sewerage system or a private sewerage system connected with a cesspool or receiving vault. Sec. 12600-174 — Old house drains and sewers. Old house drains may be used in connection with new buildings, or new plumbing, only when they are found, on examination and test, to conform in all respects to the requirements governing new sewers or drains, as prescribed in this code. If the old work is found defective, the inspector shall notify the owner to make the necessary changes to con- form with this code. Sec. 12600-175— House drains under ground. All house drains shall, wherever possible, be brought into the building under ground below the level of the base- ment or cellar floor. Sec. 12600-176— Kind of pipe. All house drains shall be of extra heavy cast iron pipe, with well leaded and calked joints, or of earthenware pipe jointed with mortar composed of one part best Portland cement and one part clean, sharp sand. Sec. 12600-177— Drains to curb. Where there is no sewer accessible the drainage of surface inlets and rain water conductors, shall be drained separately to the curb line where practicable by drain pipes not less than four (4) inches in diameter and discharge into the public gutter, unless otherwise permitted by the proper authority. Sec. 12600-178— House sewer. The drain contain- ing the house sewer, beginning three (3) to five (5) feet outside the building wall, shall consist of iron pipe or of earthenware pipe not less than the size of the 79 slant or opening in the main sewer. [The house sewer may be the size specified in Title 1— Section 12600-137 regardless of the size of the slant or opening in the main sewer.] They shall not be laid closer than three feet to any exterior wall, cellar, basement, well or cistern, or less than two (2) feet deep. Change in direction shall be made with long curves, one-eighth ( }i ) bends or Ys. TITLE 7 Yard, Subsoil and other drains Sec. 12600-179 — Drainage of yards and areas. When yard and area drains are connected with the house drains each shall be effectually trapped; or, the , various drains from the yards and areas may be con- nected together and be controlled by a single trap. Traps shall be installed for drains which connect directly with a sewer intended to carry surface water. Sec. 12600-180— Earthenware yard drains. Barn, stable, yard and roof leader drains may be of earthen- ware and all such drains shall be trapped and connect- ed with house drain or house sewer at any convenient point. No earthenware yard drain, or drains from kitchen sinks shall be less than four (4) inches. Overflow pipes from cisterns shall not connect directly with any house sewer. Sec. 12600-181— Subsoil drains. Where subsoil drains are placed under the cellar floor or used to encircle the outer walls of a building, the same shall be made of open jointed four (4) inch drain tile. Open jointed drain tile shall be properly trapped be- fore entering the house drain. 80 Sec. 12600-182— Back pressure valves. Where a floor or open jointed drain tile is connected to a house sewer or drain, each floor wash or connection shall be protected from back pressure by a gate or back pres- sure valve. Sec. 12600-183— Exhaust, blow-offs and drip pipe connections. The exhaust, blow-off, sediment or drip pipe from a steam boiler shall not connect directly with any sewer, drain, soil or waste pipe. Such pipes •^ V ^aA?oc/ t'^ % jj? '7^e//efp/pe to ahoi^e raaf J., ^ ^.-j^^P TitU 7 S^^^gS^^^€i3?6^^^^^^^^^^^]|5^5^§^g$^M Plate 14 Exhaust Blow-off and Drip Pipe Connections shall discharge in to the top and above the line of dis- charge of a suitable closed tank or condenser made of wrought or cast iron, provided with a relief pipe, of at least three (3) inches in diameter, extending to the outer air above the roof. The waste from said tank or condenser, shall be taken from the bottom and be at least one size 81 larger than the inlet, but not less than three (3) inches in diameter, and provided with a trap that has a seal of not less than twenty-four (24) inches and wherever possible shall connect to the house sewer and not to the house drain Sec. 12600-184 — Hot water discharge prohibited. Water heated to over one hundred and forty (140) degrees, Fahrenheit, shall not be allowed to enter any street sewer, drain or lateral. ^fe V X (Tir-^ £-7mH ■3^/H/.» ■S CooLJMj -JPfy/ct^^r^'itf;,^ /,^ Plate 15 — Cooling Device When blow-off tanks discharge water at a higher temperature they shall be provided with a cooling device. Sec. 12600-185— Elevator connections. -All direct connected hydraulic elevators, lifts or pressure machines shall be provided with an intermediate tank of sufficient capacity as to discharge its waste without pressure in- to any sewer, drain, soil or waste pipe. Such tanks 82 shall be trapped and where there is danger of back pressure from sewer there shall be placed on its outlet side a sewer or back water valve. m 1 ^ J, '.LrMTO^ ♦ CoA/A/fCr/ON - - ^<^^^'^}^y^it ^^.. r ■ Plate 38 — Garbage Can Receiver 128 TITLE 14 Catch Betsin Section 12600-246— Yard catch basins. Yard catch basins which receive surface drainage or the discharge from hydrants or waste pipes shall be not less than twelve (12) inches in diameter and have not less than a four (4) inch trapped outlet for cleaning, and placed below the frost line. Where the inlet is liable to injury, the same shall be provided with a heavy cast iron frame and strainer set flush with the grade. Sec. 12600-247 — Subsoil catch basins. Subsoil catch basins, located where the water fluctuation is such that a constant water seal on the trap outlet is not maintained, shall be located outside the walls of the building, provided with a ball cock attached to the water supply pipes for the maintenance of such seal. The trapped outlet for such catch basin shall be formed by turning a four (4) inch bend or invert down into the water of the basin to within six (6) inches of the bottom. Sec. 1 2600-248— Kitchen catch basins. Catch basins for receiving kitchen wastes, shall be constructed water tight either of brick, concrete, tile or cast iron. If of brick, tile or concrete they shall be at least twenty (20) inches internal diameter, and be finished with a stone or iron cover, Sec. 12600-249 — Kitchen catch basins — inverts and traps. The bottom of the catch basin shall be at least two (2) feet below the four (4) inch invert of the out- let to the sewer. The outlet shall be trapped to a depth of twelve (12) inches below the invert of the outlet to the sewer, to prevent the escape of grease, by a hood or trap of brick and cement mortar or a hood of concrete or cast iron. (5) 129 The invert of the inlet to the catch basin, for kitchen wastes, shall not be less than two and one-half {2)4) feet above the finished bottom of the catch basin. TITLE 15 Sumps and Ejectors Section 12600-250— Drainage below sewer level. In all buildings in which the whole or part of the house drainage and plumbing system thereof lies below the crown level of the main sewer, sewage or house wastes shall be lifted by artificial means and discharged into the house sewer. Sec. 12600-251 — Sumps and receiving tanks. All subhouse drains shall discharge into a perfectly air tight sump or receiving tank so located as to receive the sewage by gravity, from which sump or receiving tank the sewage shall be lifted and discharged into the house sewer by pumps, ejectors or any equally efficient method. Such sumps shall be either automatically discharged or be of sufficient capacity to receive the house sewage and wastes for not less than twenty-four (24) hours. Sec. 12600-252— Ejectors— vented. The soil or waste pipe leading to an ejector or other appliance for raising sewage or other waste matter to the street sewer, shall where a water closet or closets are in stalled, be provided with a soil or vent pipe not lessl than four (4) inches in diameter, and where fixtures other than water closets are installed the vent pipe shall be the same diameter as the waste pipe. Sec. 12600-253 — Motors, compressors, etc. All motors, air compressors and air tanks shall be located where they are open for inspection and repair at all 130 i times. The air tanks shall be so proportioned as to be of equal cubical capacity as the ejectors connected therewith, in which there shall be maintained an air pressure of not less than two (2) pounds for each foot of height the sewage is to be raised. Sec. 12600-254 — Ejectors for subsoil drainage. When subsoil catch basins are installed below the sewer level automatic water ejectors provided with a ball float attached to the main water supply shall be used. Such ejectors or any device raising subsoil water shall discharge into a properly trapped fixture. TITLE 16 [*'Sewage Tank" is used in lieu of Cesspool; "Settling Tank", in lieu of Tight Cesspool; and "Leaching Well", in lieu of Leaching Cesspool.] Sewage Tanks Sec. 12600-255— Sewage tanks. Permitted. Set- tling tanks or leaching wells may be used to receive sewage or other domestic wastes only when written permission to that effect has been secured from the local board of health of the municipality in which the same is constructed, if in a municipality, and if not then from the Ohio State Board of Health, and such permission can be given only when a public sewerage system is not available. Sec. 12600-256— Sewage tanks prohibited. No tanks for sewage shall be constructed where a sewer is available nor shall any connection from such sewage tank be made with any sewer. Sewage tanks now existing in premises accessible to a sewer, and sewage tanks that may hereafter become accessible to a sewer shall be discontinued, emptied of their contents, cleaned out and be filled with earth or 131 ashes and the house sewer shall be disconnected from the old sewage tank and be reconnected with the pub- lic sewer. Sec. 12600-257— Sewage tanks. Where a public sewer is not available, and written authority has been secured from the proper board of health (see section 12600-255) to construct such tank and there is suffi- cient grounds for the purpose, a water tight settling tank may be used to receive the discharge of house sewage, which may be overflowed to a leaching well, providing there is no danger of contaminating a water supply, well or spring and the soil is of an absorbent character. Otherwise a settling tank shall only receive the discharge from water closets and sinks and the waste from all other fixtures shall discharge to a surface water course. Sec. 12600-258— Settling tanks. A settling tank for drainage shall not be less than six (6) feet in dia- meter by ten (10) feet deep in clear, or its equivalent built of cast iron; hard brick, eight (8) inches thick laid in Portland cement mortar and plastered on the inside with a one (1) inch coat of Portland cement mortar; or Portland cement concrete eight (8) inches thick, and made water tight. Sec. 12600-259— Leaching wells. A leaching well shall not be less than the dimensions of the settling tank lined with dry brick or stone, viz: without mortar. Sec. 12600-260— Ring and cover. Settling tanks and leaching wells shall be provided with a twenty (20) inch cast iron ring and [perforated] cover. 132 Plate 39— Settling Tank and Leaching Well Title 16, Sec 12,600-255 to 260 133 Sec. 12600-261 — Location of sewage tanks. No settling tanks shall be placed within two (2) feet of any lot line or twenty (20) feet of any building or cistern or thirty (30) feet from any well, spring or other source of water supply used for drinking or culinary purposes and shall be maintained tight. No leaching well shall be placed within one hundred (100) feet of any dwelling or water tight cistern or within three hundred (300) feet of the source of any water supply. m0y cli ^^r Qr^f,y 1 r ! I 1 ^ J L' 1 Ti LEAST »f5TAf««:3 OT Settling Tanks AMwy I StrMt Lint*. JL ZLH Plate 40— Location of Tight Settling Tanks Title 16, Sec 12,600-261 134 Sec. 12600-262— Cesspool-vents. Tight cesspools shall be vented with four (4) inch cast iron vent pipe extending not less than ten (10) feet above the ground and not less than twenty (20) feet from any window, door or other opening in buildings used for human habitation. Substitute— Sewage tank vents. Sewage tanks shall be provided with perforated covers and inverts on in- let and outlet arms shall be constructed by the proper use of "Ys", sanitary tees or crosses with vertical branch open to allow the free passage of air through sewage tank, house sewer, house drain and vent stacks. Sec. 12600-263— Piping. The outlet from the set- tling tank shall be through a deep invert the same size as the house sewer and the piping between the settling tank and leaching well may be either of vitrified tile or cast iron. TITLE 17 Sewage Treatment Works Section 12600-264 — Permission to construct and use. Septic tanks and filtration beds can be constructed only after the site has been inspected and the plans and specifications for the construction of the same approved by the Ohio state board of health, and no such tank or bed can be used to receive sewage or other domestic wastes until after the construction and equipment of the same has been approved in writing by the Ohio state board of health. 135 TITLE 18 Vaults Section 12600-265 — Privy vaults permitted. Privy vaults may be constructed only on premises where water and sewers are not accessible. Sec. 12600-266— Privy vaults prohibited. Privy vaults shall not be constructed where a sewerage sys- tem is available, nor on any lot where in cleaning, the night soil would have to be carried through any building of human habitation, nor shall any old vault be connected to a sewer. Vaults now existing on premises accessible to a sewer shall be cleaned to the bottom and filled with ashes or earth. Sec. 12600-267— Location of vault. No vault, man- ure pit, open top settling tank, septic tank or other res- ervoir which is used as a privy or receptacle for human or animal excreta shall be located within two (2) feet of any lot or alley line or twenty (20) feet of any street line or any building of human habitation or occupancy or within fifty (50) feet of any cistern, well, spring, or other source of water supply used for drinking or culinary purposes, whether they are located on the same or an adjoining lot, or premises. Exception. No privy vault shall be located within fifty (50) feet of any school building. 136 1 1 1 1 AJfey \ R^ o m4// 1 i ^ > n — »^ LI />7h iT^ 'jw x_r DJ PLATE SHOWING LEAST DISTANCES OF Privies From Wells. Gsivms. Houses, Lot Allev a Street Lines OHIO STATE BULDiNG (M. Plate 41 — Location Privies Title 18, Sec. 12,600-267 137 Sec. 12600-268— Construction of vaults. AH vaults, pits or other open top reservoirs described in section 12600-267 shall be made of either brick or concrete. The walls of such vaults, if made of brick, shall be of hard burned sewer brick, not less than eight inches thick, laid in Portland cement mortar and the walls plastered outside and inside with a half "inch coat of Portland cement mortar, in proportion of one part of Portland cement and two parts of clean, sharp sand. After this coating is put on it shall be given one coat wash of liquid Portland cement. The bottom shall be at least three brick course laid in cement mortar, or of Portland cement concrete mortar eight inches thick. When Portland cement concrete is used to construct vaults, the walls shall be at least six inches thick; laid to a form, and the concrete shall be made of one part of live Portland cement, three parts of clean, sharp sand, five parts crushed stone, free from dust and of sizes between one-quarter and one and one-half inches in largest diameter, and shall be plastered and grouted inside and out as prescribed above for brick construc- tion. Vaults shall be made tight and their walls continued twelve (12) inches above the ground surface to pre- vent surface drainage. No retempered cement shall be used. If the vault is used in connection with an outhouse, the vault shall be of such a shape and size as not to extend under any portion of the floor of the said out- house but only under the space occupied by the seats. Any portion of the vault extending beyond the walls of the outhouse shall be covered by a four (4) inch brick arch, four (4) inch stone flagging, reinforced concrete slab or cast iron. 138 Plate 42— Typical Privy Vault and Outhouse Title 18. Sec. 12,600-268 to 272 139 Sec. 12600-269— Outhouses. Over each privy, vault, which shall receive nothing but human excreta, there shall be placed an outhouse constructed as pre- scribed in title 12, section 12600-232. The seats shall be provided with tight fitting covers and the space underneath shall be ventilated by a vent pipe or box extending upward thru and three (3) feet above the roof. Such vent pipe shall be at least six (6) square inches for every square yard or part there- of of vault surface. Sec. 12600 270— Cleanout doors. Vaults shall be provided with a cleanout extension not less than two (2) by one and one -half (1/4) feet in size, connecting directly with the vault. . Cleanout shall be provided v/ith a trap door the full size of the cleanout. Cleanout extension shall extend at least one (1) foot above the grade line. Sec. 12600-271— Floors. Floors of outhouses shall be made as tight as possible. Sec. 12600-272— Outhouses for different sexes. Where outhouses are provided for the different sexes, if located within forty (40) feet of each other, the walks or approaches thereto shall be separated by a tight fence, at least six (6) feet high, but in no case shall such outhouses be located within ten (10) feet of each other. 140 TITLE 19 Sec. 12600-273— Pumps and hydrants. Pumps and hydrants shall be placed in the center of a concrete or cement platform not less than six (6) feet in diameter. Platform shall be placed six (6) inches above the natural grade line, and be graded up around the same to within two (2) inches of the top of the pjatformand in such a manner as to run all surface-water away from the pump or hydrant. Pumps and hydrants shall be provided with concrete or cement gutters, or sewer pipe drains which will carry away all waste water and discharge same at a point not less then twenty (20) feet distant from the pump or hydrant. ATTENTION OF ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS In designing a plumbing and drainage system archi- tects and engineers should bear in mind that adequate pipe space must be provided in order that the system may be installed in an efficient and economical manner. Whether in walls or partitions or beneath floors sufficient pipe space must be provided to eliminate complicated and undesirable construction and the use of unnecessary fittings^ which add to the cost of labor and material without increasing the efficiency of the system. 141 n A> riT/'^rf- /A^ /oj/^/ /■tto/TP //f*y ^A*r* Tfy^/^^/ J>/ ^^y/**/ 4^0^^ ■ ^ayr^/^e//*/ J apaBi ixh.-^^x^-^\ Plate 43 — Adequate Pipe Space Provided Insures Efficient and Economical Installation 142 Plate 44— Dimension of Pipe Channels 143 LAWS OF OHIO RELATING TO THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF BOARDS OF HEALTH, COUNTY COMMIS- SIONERS AND MUNICIPAL COUNCILS IN CONNECTION WITH THE ADVANCEMENT OF SANITATION NUISANCES Section 4420 — Abatement of nuisances by board of health. The board of health shall abate and remove all nuisances within its jurisdiction. It may by order therefor compel the owners, agents, assignees, occu- pants, or tenants of any lot, property, building or structure to abate and remove any nuisance therein, and prosecute them for neglect or refusal to obey such orders. Except in cities having a building department or otherwise exercising the power to regulate the erection of buildings, the board of health may regulate the location, construction, and repair of water-closets, privies, cesspools, sinks, plumbing and drains. In cities having such departments or exercising such power, the council by ordinance shall prescribe such rules and regulations as are approved by the board of health, and shall provide for their enforcement. Sec. 4421 — Other powers of the board. The board of health may also regulate the location, construction and repair of yards, pens and stables, and the use, emptying and cleaning thereof, and of water-closets, privies, cesspools, sinks, plumbing, drains, or other places where offensive or dangerous substances or 144 liquids are or may accumulate. When a building, erection, excavation, premises, business, pursuit, matter or thing, or the sewerage, drainage, plumbing, or ventilation thereof is, in the opinion of the board of health, in a condition dangerous to the life or health, and when a building or structure is occupied or rented for living or business purposes and sanitary plumb- ing and sewerage are feasible and necessary, but neglected or refused, the board of health may declare it a public nuisance and order it to be removed, abated, suspended, altered, or otherwise improved or purified by the owner, agent or other person having control there- of, or responsible for such condition, and may prosecute them for the refusal or neglect to obey such order. The board may also, by its officers and employes, remove, abate, suspend, alter, or otherwise improve or purify them and certify the costs and expense thereof to the county auditor, to be assessed against the property, and thereby made a lien upon it and collected as other taxes. Sec. 4422 — Proceedings where order of board is neglected or disregarded. When such order of the board of health is neglected or disregarded, in whole or in part, the board may elect to cause the arrest and prosecution of all persons offending, or may elect to do and perform, by its officers and employes, what the offending party should have done. If the latter course is chosen, before the execution of the order of the board is begun, it shall cause a citation to issue, and be served upon the persons responsible, if residing within the jurisdiction of the board, but if not, shall cause it to be mailed by registered letter to such person, if the address is known or can be found by ordinary diligence. If the address cannot be found, the board 145 shall cause the citation to be left upon the premises, in charge of any person residing thereon, otherwise it shall be posted conspicuously thereon. The citation shall briefly recite the cause of complaint, and require the owner or other person or persons responsible to appear before the board at a time and place stated, or as soon thereafter as a hearing can be had, and show cause, if any, why the board should not proceed and furnish the material and labor necessary to, and remove the cause of complaint. Sec. 4423 — Further proceedings. If the person or persons cited appear, he or they shall be fully apprised of the cause of complaint and given a fair hearing. The board shall then make such order as it deems proper, and if material or labor is necessary to satisfy the order, and the person or persons cited promise, within a definite and reasonable time, to furnish them, the board shall grant such time. If no promise is made, or kept, the board shall furnish the material and labor, cause the work to be done, and certify the cost and expense to the auditor of the county. If the ma- terial and labor are itemized, and the statement is accompanied by the certificate of the president of the board, attested by the clerk, reciting the order of the board, and that the amount is correct, the auditor shall have no discretion, but shall place the sum against the property upon which the material and labor were ex- pended, which shall, from the date of entry, be a lien upon the property, and be paid as other taxes are paid. Sec. 4424 — Nuisance or unsanitary conditions on school property may be corrected. The board of health shall abate all nuisances and may remove or correct all conditions detrimental to health or well-being found 146 - upon school property by serving an order upon the board of education, school board or other persons re- sponsible for such property, for the abatement of such nuisance or condition within a reasonable but fixed time. A person failing to comply with such order, un- less good and sufficient reason therefor is shown, shall be fined not to exceed one hundred dollars. The board may appoint such number of inspectors of schools and school buildings as it deems necessary to properly carry out these provisions. Sec. 4411 — Sanitary police; powers; number. The board may also appoint as many persons for sanitary duty as in its opinion the public health and sanitary condition of the corporation require, and such persons shall have general police powers, and be known as the sanitary police, but the council may determine the max- imum number of employees so to be appointed. Sec. 4413 — Orders and regulations. The board of health of a municipality may make such orders and reg- ulations as it deems necessary for its own government, for the public health, the prevention or restriction of disease, and the prevention, abatement or suppression of nuisances. Orders and regulations not for the gov- ernment of the board, but intended for the general public, shall be adopted, advertised, recorded an cer- tified as are ordinances of municipalities, and the rec- ord thereof shall be given, in all courts of the state, the same force and effect as is given such ordinances. Sec. 4414 — Penalty for violation. Whoever violates any provision of this chapter, or any order or regulation of the board of health made in pursuance thereof, or obstructs or interferes with the execution of such order, 147 or wilfully or illegally omits to obey such order, shall be fined not to exceed one hundred dollars or imprisoned for not to exceed ninety days, or both, but no person shall be imprisoned under this section for the first of- fense, and the prosecution shall always be as and for a first offense, unless the affidavit upon which the prose- cution is instituted, contains the allegation that the offense is a second or repeated offense. Sec. 4415 — Violation by a corporation If such violation, obstruction, interference, or omission be by a corporation, it shall forfeit and pay to the proper municipality a sum not to exceed three hundred dollars, to be collected in a civil action brought in the in the name of the municipality. Any officer of such corporation having authority over the matter, and permitting such violation, shall be subject to fine or imprisonment, or both, as heretofore provided. The judgment herein authorized being in the nature of a penalty, or exemplary damage, no proof of actual damages shall be required, but the court or jury, finding other facts to justify recovery, shall determine the amount by reference to the facts, culpatory, ex- culpatory, or extenuating, adduced upon the trial. Sec. 4416 — Prosecution; how instituted. Prosecu- tions under this chapter and the civil actions provided for in the preceding section, shall be instituted before a justice of the peace within the county, or justice of the peace, mayor or police judge of the municipality where the offense was committed, or the offending person resides. Sec. 4417— Trial by jury. If imprisonment is or may be a primary penalty, the court shall, after plea 148 of not guilty, unless a trial by jury is waived, issue a venire to any constable of the county, containing the names of sixteen electors residing within the county, to serve as jurors to try such cases. Each party shall be entitled to two peremptory challenges, and challenges for cause in all particulars, as in criminal cases in the court of common pleas. If the sixteen names are ex- hausted without obtaining a panel of twelve, the court may direct the constable to summon any bystanders to fill the panel to twelve, or on demand shall issue other venires for four electors at a time, until the panel of twelve is full. Sec. 4418— Fines and costs. In prosecutions under this chapter, no deposits for costs shall be required. A judgment or verdict of guilty shall be immediately followed by sentence and execution thereof, unless sus- pended pending the preparation and allowance of a bill of exceptions. All fines collected under this chapter shall be paid to the treasurer of the municipality and credited to the sanitary fund of the board of health instituting the prosecution. No fine imposed in any prosecution under this section shall be remitted by the magistrate before whom the complaint is made. Sec. 1 247 — Prosecutions and proceedings. All prose- cutions and proceedings by the state board of health for the violation of a provision of this chapter which the board is required to enforce, or for the violation of any of the orders or regulations of the board, shall be instituted by its secretary on the order of the presi- dent of the board. The laws prescribing the modes of procedure, courts, practice, penalties or judgments ap- plicable to local boards of health, shall apply to the 149 state board of health and the violation of its rules and orders. All fines or judgments collected by the board shall be paid into the state treasury to the credit of such board. POWERS OF COUNCIL Municipal councils are authorized to legislate on the subjects mentioned under this head. Sec. 3639 — Sanitation. To regulate by ordinance, the use, control, repair and maintenance of buildings used for human occupancy or habitation, the number of occupants, and the mode and manner of occupancy, for the purpose of insuring the healthful, safe an sani- tary environment of the occupants thereof; to compel the owners of such buildings to alter, reconstruct or modify them, or any room, store, compartment or part thereof, for the purpose of insuring the healthful, safe and sanitary environment of the occupants thereof; and to prohibit the use and occupancy of such build- ing or buildings until such rules, regulations and pro- visions have been complied with. Sec. 3647 — Water-courses and sewers. To open, construct and keep in repair sewage disposal works, sewers, drains and ditches, and to establish, repair and regulate water-closets and privies. Sec. 3648 — Public conveniences. To establish, maintain and regulate public baths and bath houses, drinking fountains, water troughs, and public toilet stations and municipal lodging houses. Sec. 3988 — In a municipality in which gas works are constructed, council may provide, by ordinance, for the appointment of an officer, to be known as in- 150 spector of gas, whose duty it shall be to inspect all gas meters, and certify the correctness of all bills against consumers of gas, make photometric tests, and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by ordinance, and the council shall fix his compensation. Council may also provide for the inspection and test- ing of meters used for measuring electric current for electric light, power or other purposes, furnished by any individual or company within the corporation, and may prescribe a suitable charge for such inspection and testing, and the manner of collecting it. Sec 3637.— An Act * * * to provide for the licens- ing of house movers, electrical contractors, plumbers and sewer tappers, and vault cleaners. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS HAVE AUTHORITY TO ERECT AND MAINTAIN PUBLIC COMFORT STATIONS Sec. 2419. A court house, jail, public comfort sta- tion, offices for county officers, and an infirmary, shall be provided by the commissioners when, in their judg- ment, they, or any of them, are needed. Such build- ings and offices shall be of such style, dimensions, and expense, as the commissioners determine. They shall provide all rooms, fire and burglar proof vaults and safes, and other means of security in the office of the county treasury, necessary for the protection of public moneys and property therein. Sec. 2433. When, in their opinion, it is necessary the commissioners may purchase a site for a court house or jail, or public comport station, or land for an 151 infirmary, or a detention home, or additional land for an infirmary or county children's home at such price and upon such terms of payment, as are agreed upon between them and the owner or owners of the proper- ty. The title to such real estate shall be conveyed in fee simple to the county. Sec. 2444. Before the county commissioners purchase lands to erect a building or bridge, the ex- pense of which exceeds one thousand dollars, they shall publish and circulate handbills, and publish in one or more newspapers of the county notice of their inten- tion to make such purchase, erect such building or bridge, and the location thereof, for at least four con: secutive weeks prior to the time of that purchase, build- ing, or location is made; except in case the county has land or buildings on or in or under which a public com- fort station can be erected or installed, in which case the publication of such handbills and in newspapers shall not be necessary. Such county commissioners shall here all petitions for, and remonstrances against such proposed purchase, location or improvement. When a public comfort station has been erected or in- stalled as herein provided by a board of county com- missioners, such boards shall have control over and maintain the same. USEFUL INFORMATION To find diameter of a circle multiply circumference by .31831. To find circumference of a circle multiply diameter by 3.1416. To find area of a circle multiply square of diameter by .7854. 152 To find surface of a sphere multiply square of diameter by 3.1416. To find side of an equal square multiply diameter by .8862. To find cubic inches in a sphere multiply cube of dia- meter by .5236. Doubling the diameter of a pipe increase its capacity four times. Double riveting is from 16 to 20 percent, stronger than single. One cubic foot of anthracite coal weighs about 53 pounds. One cubic foot of bituminous coal weighs from 47 to 50 pounds. One ton of coal is equivalent to two cords of wood for steam purposes. A gallon of water (U. S. Standard) weighs 8y^ lbs. and contains 231 cubic inches. A cubic foot of water contains 7^ gallons, 1728 cubic inches, and weighs 62 >^ lbs. Each nominal horse power of a -boiler requires 30 to 35 lbs. of water per hour. A horse power is equivalent to raising 33,000 lbs. one ft. per minute, or 550 lbs. one ft. per second. The average consumption of coal for steam boilers is 12 lbs. per hour for each sq. ft. of grate surface. To sharpen dull files lay them in dilute sulphuric acid until they are eaten deep enough. Steam rising from water at its boiling point (212 degrees) has a pressure equal to the atmosphere (14.7 lbs. to the square inch). To evaporate one cubic foot of water requires the con- sumption of 7}4 lbs. of ordinary coal, or about 1 lb. of coal to 1 gallon of water. 153 Water Pressure — When the height, or head, of a column of water is known, the pressure exerted by it at the base of the column may be found by multiplying the head in feet, by .434; the product will be the pressure in pounds per square inch. When the pressure, in pounds per square inch, is known, the head may be found by multiplying the pressure by 2.3; the result will be the head of water in feet. CIRCUMFERENCE AND AREAS OF CIRCLES From IX to 12 Diameter Circumference Area 1^ in l>^in 2 in 3.9260 4.7124 6.2832 7.8540 9.4248 10.9956 12.5664 15.7080 18.8496 21.9912 25.1328 28.2744 31.4160 34.5576 37.6992 1.2272 1.7671 3.1416 2>^ in 3 in 3>^ in 4 in . . : 5 in 4.9087 7.0686 9.6211 12.5664 19.6350 6 in 7 in 8 in 9 in 10 in. 28.2744 38.4846 50.2656 63 6174 78.540 11 in 95.033 12 in 113.098 154 Table Showing Pressure of Water at Different Elevations Head in Feet Pressure in Lbs. Per Square Inch At Base Head in Feet Pressure in Lbs. Per Square Inch At Base 1 .43 .86 1.30 2.16 4.33 6.49 8.66 10.82 12.99 15.16 17.32 19.49 21.65 23.82 25.99 28.15 30.32 32.48 34.65 36.82 38.98 41.15 43.31 45.48 47.64 49.81 51.98 54.15 56.31 58.48 60.64 62.81 64.97 67.14 69.31 71.47 73.64 75.80 77.97 80.14 2 3 5 10 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 82.30 84.47 86.63 88.80 15 90.96 20 25 93.14 95.30 30 35 97.49 99.63 40 101.79 45 103.96 50 106.13 55 108.29 60 110.46 65 112.62 70 114.79 75 116.96 80 119.12 85 121.29 90 95 123.45 125.62 100 127.78 105 110 129.95 134.28 115 138.62 120 125 142.95 147.28 130 151.61 135 155.94 140 . 160.27 145 164.61 150 .... 155 160 165 170 175 180 168.94 173.27 216.58 259.90 303.22 346.54 389.86 185 433.18 INDEX A Air — Section Page Amount required per capita. 20 Circulation assured 12600-203 91 Pure 20 Respired .: 20 Sewer 23 Test- How made 12600-240 122 Illustration— Plate No. 36 125 Where required 12600-233 120 235 121 240 122 Apartment Houses — Classified 12600-1 35 Application — For inspection 1261—6 25 For permit 1261-6 .25 Architects- Instructions to 34, 141 Areas of Circles 154 Ash Pit- Connection with bakery pro- hibited 1013 28 Assembly Halls — Classified 12600-1 35 Sanitation 12600-32 36 Asylums — Classified 12600-1 35 Sanitation 45 Authority of — Boards of Health 144 to 150 Councils 8, 13, 14, 150 County Commissioners 13, 151 Automatic Flush Tanks — For Latrines 12600-222 116 For Urinals 12600-226 118 227 119 228 119 For General 12600-229 119 156 B Section Page Back Pressure Valves — Where required 12600-182 81 185 83 Back Vents — Definition of term 51 For adjoining fixtures 12600-202 91 For water closets 12600-204 92 Length from trap 12600-199 90 Not required 12600-205 97 Bakeshops — Ventilation of 28 Wash rooms for 28 Bar Fixture Waste 12600-207 102 Illustration— Plate No. 28 103 Base of Stacks 12600-170 76 . Iron to earthenware 12600-163 74 Bath Tub- Prohibited 12600-221 116 Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 Bath Traps- Approved construction — Plates Nos. 6 and 7 68 Bath Waste- Connection to stack 100 Connection to Y permissible 101 Blow-off Connections — Approved construction — Plate No. 14 81 For steam boilers 12600-183 81 Approved cooling device — Plate No. 15 82 Board of Health-^ Abatement of nuisance 4420 144 4424 146 Appointment of sanitary in- spectors 4411 147 Cause the work to be done 4423 146 Enforcement of Part 4, Sanita- tion 4413 8, 147 Further proceedings 4423 146 Nuisances, how abated 4420 144 157 Section Page Nuisances on school property — how abated 4424 146 Orders and regulations..... 4413 147 Other powers 4421 144 Penalty for violating orders of the State Board of Health.... 1247 149 4414 147 Privy vaults, water closets, etc., may regulate 4420 144 Proceedings where order neg- lected or disregarded 4422 145 4423 146 Violations by a corporation 4415 148 Boilers — Double riviting 153 Single riviting „ 153 Branches in lead bend — Prohibited 12600-197 87 Branch, Soil and Waste Ex- tensions - 12600-198 87 Illustrations — Plates Nos. 18 and 19 88-89 Brass Ferrules — Table of 12600-145 60 Brass Fittings 12603-145 59 Thickness 12600-145 60 Brass Pipe 12600-145 59 Thickness and gauge 12600-145 60 To cast iron — how connected.... 12600—153 63 To wrought iron — how con- nected 12600-152 63 Brass Screw Caps 12603-161 71 Brass Soldering Nipples 12600-145 61 Bushings — concaved brass 12630—155 64—65 C Cast Iron Drainage Fittings 12600-143-B 58,59 Cast Iron Fittings 12600-142-C 57 143-C 59 Cast Iron Pipe — Coating 12600-142-C 57 Joints calked 12300-151 63 158 Section Page Joints threaded 12600-152 63 Quality and weight 12600-142 57 Catch Basins — For kitchen sink 12600-248 129 For kitchen sinks, inverts and traps 12600-249 129 Subsoil 12600-247 129 Yard 12600-246 129 Cellar Drain — When permitted 12600-160-1 70 Cement Joints 12600-149 63 Certificate of Approval — Issued 1261-5 25 Revoked 1261-5 25 Cesspools — Connections with 12600-173 78 Vents 12600-262 135 Change of direction — How made 12600-163 74 Churches — Classified 12600-1 35 Sanitation 49 Circles — to find — Area of , 152, 154 Circumference of 152, 154 Diameter of 152,154 Side of equal square 153 Circuit Vent — How installed 97 Illustration— Plates Nos. 23 and 24 '. 95,96 Cistern Connections 12600-180 80 Classes of Buildings 12600-1 35 Cleanouts — Accessible 12600-160-D 69 Doors 12600-270 140 Location 12600-161-D 73 Illustration— Plate No. 10 72 Manholes for 12690-161-C 73 For traps 12600-160-D 69 Quality 12600-161-A 71 159 Section Page Size of 12600-161-A, B 71,73 Where required 12600-161-B 73 Closets — Flushing rims 12600-215 114 Frost proof 12600-223 118 How constructed 12600-213 114 Latrine 12600-222 116 Low-down 12600-217 115 Material required 12600-212 114 Prohibited 12600-218 115 Range 12600-222 116 Size of Branch 12600-138 54 Size of Trap 12600-138 54 Supply 12600-225 118 Club and Lodge Buildings — Classified 12600-1 35 Sanitation 47 Coal- Weight of cubic foot 153 Equivalent in wood 153 Consumption per hour 153 Compressors 12600-253 130 Conductors — Connection with prohibited 12600-188 84 Definition of term 51 Drain to curb 12600-177 79 Inside— how installed 12600-187 83 Not to connect 12600-186 83 Outside — how connected to house drain 12600-190 84 Pipes defective 12600-189 84 Roof leaders : 12600-186 83 Test required 12600-237 121 240 122 Connections with Cesspools 12600-173 78 Construction of Vaults 12600-268 138 Copper Flashing 12600-147 61 194 86 Copper Tubing- Quality and Gauge 12600-147 61 Councils — Authority of 8, 13, 14, 150 160 Section Page County Commissioners — Authority of 13, 151 Covering of work 12600-238 121 Cuspidors .— 17 Dental 12600-207 102 Fountain 12600-207 102 D Dead Ends 12600-166 76 Defective work 12600-243 127 Definition of Terms 51, 52 Back vent pipe 51 Conductors or roof leaders 51 House drain 51 House sewer 51 Local or surface vent 51 Plumbers' work 52 Soil pipe 51 Soil or waste vent 51 Subsoil drain 52 Trap 52 Traps— Depth of Seal 52 Vent pipe 51 Waste pipe 51 Dental Cuspidors — Indirect connection for 12600-207 102 Illustration— Plate No. 29 104 Direct Connected Supply to Water Closets 12600-225 118 Doors prohibited on water closet stalls 47 Downspout — Connecting to sewer Approved construction — Plate No. 9 71 Drainage— Excavation 12600-167 76 Drainage — Below sewer level 12600-25a 130 Of yard areas 12600-179 80 To curb 12600-177 79 Typical System — Illustration Plate No. 11 75 (6) 161 Section Page Drawings — (See Plates) Drinking Fountains — Indirect connection 12600-207 102 Illustration— Plate No. 29 104 Size of branch 12600-138 54 Size of trap 12600-138 54 Drip Pipe Connections 12600-183 81 Drum Traps 12600-160-B 69 Duplex Construction — Plate No. 1 62 Duties of — Agents or managers of buildings * 27 Boards of health 144 County Commissioners : 144 Councils 144 Owners of Buildings 27 State Inspector of Plumbing 1261-3 24 E Each single fixture defined 12600-160-A 67 Earth-closets — Location prohibited 28 Earthenware Pipe 56 Joints 12600-149 63 Quality 12600-141 56 To iron pipe 12600-150 63 Earthenware fixtures with metal floor connections 12600—156 66 Earthenware yard drains 12600-180 80 Elevator connections 12600-185 82 Approved installation Plate No. 16 83 Enclosing of fixtures prohibited 12600-216 114 Engineers — Attention 34, 141 Ejectors vented 12600-252 130 Ejectors for subsoil drainage 12600-254 131 Exceptions, permissable for sep- arate sewer 12600-172 78 Exhaust connections 12600-183 81 Expansion Bolts 12600-159 67 162 F Section Page Factories — Classified 12600-1 35 Defined :. 1021 29 Fees 1261-6 25 Ferrules — Table of 12600-145 60 Cup 12600-145 61 155 64 Files — To sharpen 153 Fines and Costs 1261-14 27 12600-279 33 4414 148 4418 149 Fittings — Brass 12600-145 59 Cast iron 12600-143 58 Change of direction 12600-163 74 Coating of 12600-142-C 57 143-B 5S Kind 12600-163 74 Malleable 12600-143-B 58: 143-C 59- Prohibited 12600-164 74 Fixture — - ^ Defined 12600-160-A 67 Equivalent 12600-137 52 How installed 12600-216 114 Material 12600-212 114 Floor Drain or Wash — Size of branch 12600-138 54 Size of trap 12600-138 54 Floors — Basement 45 Diet kitchen 45 Exception 12600-230 119 .Operating rooms 45 Toilet rooms 12600-230 119 Vaults 12600-271 140 Floor Plan of Toilet Room — Plate No. 43 142 163 Section Page Floor slab 12600-230 119 Flushing Rims 12600-215 114 Flushing Tanks 12600-229 119 Automatic 12600-227 118 Group of fixtures 12600-226 118 Waste of water 12600-229 5, 119 Flushometer Valves 12600-225 118 Fountain Cuspidors — Indirect connection for 12600-207 102 Illustration— Plate No. 29 104 Fresh Air Inlet 12600-160-F 70 Frost-proof Closets 12600-223 118 Full wipe-joints 12600-154 64 G Garage drains and catch basins.... 109 Garage catch basins — Approved construction — Plate No. 33 Ill Garage and stable wastes.. 12600-211 109 Garbage can and receiver — Illustration Plate No. 38 128 Garbage chute prohibited 46 «Gas Appliances 17 Gas Inspector — Appointment of 3988 150 General Installation — Illustra- tion, Plate No. 34 113 General Regulations 12600-162 to 170 74 Glass — Amount required for toilet rooms 12600-54 40 Amount required for class rooms 12600-^4 40 Unit of measurement 41 Grade of horizontal pipes 12600-162 74 Grease trap 12600-210 109 Grease catch basin and sink con- nections — Illustration — Plate No. 32 108 Group of fixtures 12600-226 118 164 H Section Page Height of ceiling for toilet rooms 12600-232 120 Homes — Classified 12600-1 35 Sanitation 45 Horse Power — Energy equivalent 153 Hospitals — Classified 12600-1 35 Sanitation 45 Hotels- Classified 12600-1 35 Hot water discharge prohibited 12600-184 82 Cooling device — Plate No. 15.... 82 House Drains — Connections to cesspools 12600—173 78 Definition of term ^ 51 Excavations 12600-167 76 Inspections 12600-167 76 235 121 238 121 Kind of joint— cast iron 12600-151 63 Material allowed 12600-176 79 Number of fixtures allowed on 12600-137 53 Old house drains — use per- mitted 12600-174 79 Relieving arches „... 12600-169 76 Size of 12600-137 52 Test required 12600-233 to 242, 120 to 127 Underground 12600-175 79 House trap permitted 12600-160-F 70 Approved installation — Plate No. 8 70 House Sewer or Main Drain — Connections to Settling Tank....l2600-173 78 257 132 Definition of term 51 Distance from building, well or cistern 12600-178 80 Dwelling in rear 12600-172 " 78 How laid 12600-178 79 Independent system 12600-171 78 165 Section Page Inspection 12600-167 76 Joints between earthenware ^nd iron 12600-150 63 Kind of joint— earthenware 12600-149 63 Kind of joints — cast iron 12600—151 63 Material allowed 12600-178 79 Number of fixtures allowed on 12600-137 53 Size of 12600-137 52 Humidity 21 I Ice Box Waste 12600-207 102 Illustrations — (See Plates) Increaser — how made 12600—157 66 Increase of capacity of pipe 153 Independent system of sewers.. 12600—171 78 Inside conductors 12600-181 83 Inspection — Before covering work 12600-238 ' 121 Classification 10 Definition of 10 Final 12600-239 122 House drain 12600-167 76 235 121 Local 8 Not requreJ 12600-245 127 Stable, garage and yard drains 12600—236 121 State 9 J Joints and Connections — Cast iron pipes 12600-151 63 Earthenware to floor 12600-156 66 Illustration — Plate No. 5 66 Earthenware to iron 12600-150 63 Earthenware pipe 12600-149 63 Expansion bolts 12600-159 67 Increasers and reducers 12600—157 66 Lead pipe 12600-154 64 Lead to iron 12600-155 64 Prohibited 12600-158 67 166 Section Page Roof 12600-194 ^ 86 Slip joints— prohibited 12600-153 63 Unions, prohibited 12600-153 63 Wrought iron to brass 12600-152 63 Juvenile water closets 12600-65 42-44 K Kitchen Catch Basins 12600-248 129 Kitchen Wastes 12600-210 109 Kitchens — Diet, jfloors of 45 Ventilation of 45 L Latrines and Range Closets 12600-222 116 Leaching Wells 12600-259 132 Construction of— Plate No. 39.. 133 Distance from dwelling, well, spring or cistern 12600-261 134 Lead Pipe 12600-144 59 Compulsory 12600-156 66 Joints lead to brass 12600-154 64 Joints lead to lead 12600-154 64 Joints lead to iron 12600-155 64 Minimum weight allowed 12600-144 59 Where allowed 12600-144 59 191 84 Lead flashing— size and weight.. 12600-146 61 Licensing of Plumber 3637 8, 151 Light for school rooms 12600-54 40 Local Vent Pipes and Fittings — Materials used 12600-145 60 147 61 222 117 Location of Sewage Tanks 12600-261 134 Location of Fixtures 12600-206 102 Location of Vaults 12600-267 . 136 Lodge Buildings — Classified 12600-1 35 Sanitation 47 Lodging Houses — 167 Section Page Classified 12600-1 35 Loop Vent— how installed 97 Lown Down Closets 12600-217 115 M Manholes 12600-161-C 73 Main house trap permitted 12600-160-F 70 Approved installation — Plate No. 8 70 Main Vent 12600-200 90 How installed 12600-200 91 Where required 12600-200 ' 90 Materials for — Fixtures 12600-212 U4 House sewer 12600-178 . 79 Soil, waste and vent pipe 12600-191 84 Mercantile Establishments — Classified 12600-1 35 Miscellaneous Sanitary Require- ments — Cuspidors 17 Gas appliances 17 Humidity 21 Roller towel 17 Sewer air 23 Vacuum Cleaning 18 Ventilation 18 Ventilation of Garages 22 Motors, Compressors, etc 12600-253 130 N Nuisance — Abatement of 4420 144 Cause of 13 Unsanitary condition on school property 4424 146 O Offsets in mains 12600—165 76 Old House Sewers 12600-174 79 Open Plumbing 12600-216 114 Optics 12600-54 40 168 Section Page Outhouses 12600-269 140 Outhouses for different sexes 12600-272 140 Outhouse, typical construction, Plate No'. 42 139 Outside conductors 12600-190 84 Overflow pipes 12600-208 109 Overflow pipes from cisterns 12600-180 80 P Penal Institutions — Sanitation 45 Penalties for Violations of — Board of Health Laws 4414 147 Board of Health orders -. 4414 147 Board of Health regulations 4414 147 Board of Health rules 4414 147 Part Four, Sanitation 12600-279 33 282 34 Sections 1261-1 to 15 1261-14 27 Permanent water seal for cellar drains 12600-160-1 70 Pipe- Brass 12600-145 59 Cast iron 12600-142 57 Channels, Dimensions of — Plate No. 44 143 Coating of 12600-142-C 57 Copper 12600-147 61 Earthenware 12600-141 56 Hooks prohibited 12600-170 78 Increase of capacity 153 Lead 12600-144 59 Mild steel 59 Space, Illustration— Plate No. 43 142 Supports 12600-162 74 12600-170 76 Wrought Iron 12600-143 57, 59 Plans and Specifications — To be submitted 1261-2 24 To be approved 1261-2 24 Plates Illustrating Code Sections — No. 1, Duplex Construction.... 62 169 Section Page No. 2, Brass Solder Nipples 64 No. 3, Brass Bushings 65 No. 4, Brass Ferrules 65 No. 5, Brass Closet Floor Flange 66 No. 6, Durham Bath Trap 68 No. 7, Properly Constructed Drum Trap 68 No. 8, Main House Trap 70 No. 9, Downspout Connecting with Sanitary Sewer.... 71 No. 10, Cleanouts 72 No. 11, Typical Drainage System 75 No. 12, Stack Supports 77 No. 13, Foot Rests— cleanouts.. 77 No. 14, Approved Boiler Blow- off 81 No. 15, Cooling Device 82 No. 16, Elevator Connection 83 No, 17, Waste Pipe Stacks 85 No. 18, Branch exceeding 25 ft. 88 No. 19, Branch within the limit prescribed 89 No. 20, Common Vents 92 No. 21, Individual Venting 93 No. 22, Main Vent Reconnect- ing 94 No. 23, Circuit Vent— 3 floors..- 95 No. 24, Circuit Venting 95 Water closets, slop sinks and pedestal urinals.... 96 No. 25, Common and back vent 99 No. 26, Bath and basin wastes connecting to stack 100 No.27, Y connection permitted 101 No. 28, Bar and Soda Fountain waste connections 103 No. 29, Drinking Fountain, Fountain Cuspidor, Indirect connection to sewer, 170 Section Page Economical back vent 105 No. 30, Refrigerator first floor.. 106 No. 31, Refrigerators two or more floors 107 No. 32, Sink connections and grease catch basin 108 No. 33, Approved construction for garage catch basin 111 No. 34, General 113 No. 35, Water Test 123 No. 36, Final Test 125 No. 37, Test Openings in vent stacks . 126 No. 38, Garbage cans and re- ceivers 12S No. 39, Settling tank and leach- ing well 133 No. 40, Location for settling tank 134 No. 41, Location for privies 137 No. 42, Typical privy vault and outhouse 139 No. 43, Plans of toilet room 142 No. 44, Dimension of pipe channels 143 Platform Drain 12600-273 141 Plumbing — Definition of 3 Frost proof 4 Insanitary conditions caused by defective plumbing 11 Inspection 5 Legislation and Standardiza- tion 6 Low first cost is mistaken economy 6 Relation to Health 3 Re-inspection of 10 Plumbing Inspector — Appointment of 8 Duties of 9 Qualifications of 9 171 Section Page Plumbers — Licensing of : 3637 8, 151 Powers and Duties of — Boards of Health 144 County Commissioners 144 Councils of Municipalities 144 Privy — Prohibited to connect with bakery 1013 28 Privy Vaults — Location of 12600-267 136 Permitted 12600-265 136 Prohibited 12600-266 136 Typical construction — Plate No. 42 ;.-.. 139 Prohibited — Bath tubs 12600-221 116 Conductor connections 12600-188 84 Connections 12600-197 87 Fittings 12600-164 74 Joints 12600-158 - 67 Pipe Hooks 12600-170 78 Traps 12600-160-F 69 Water closets 12600-218 115 Public Baths and Bath Houses — Authority to build 14 Baths in schools 14 Benefits of 14 Lack of bathing facilities 14 PubKc Comfort Stations — Absence of responsible for nuisance 13 Councils — authority to build.... 13 County Commissioners — authority to build 13 Necessity for 12 Popular use of 13 Public Drinking Fountains — Authority to install 14 General Distribution of necessary 13 172 Section Page Public Wash Houses 15 Pumps and Hydrants 12600-273 141 R Railroad Sanitation 16 Ran^e Closets 12600-222 116 Receiving Tanks 12600-251 130 Reducers 12600-157 66 Refrigerator wastes 12600-207 102 Illustration— Plates Nos. 30 and 31 106, 1-07 Relieving arches 12600-169 76 Repairs 12600-244 127 Rest Rooms 12600-51 40 Proposed amendments 40 Roller Towel 17 Roof Conductors — (See Conductors) Roof Extensions 12600-193 86 Roof Flashings 12600-194 86 Roof Gardens — Sanitation 48 Roof Joints 12600-194 86 Roof Leaders 12600-187 83 Roof Leaders — Definition of Term 51 Roof Terminals 12600-195 86 S Safe waste and drips — Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 Sanitary improvements for sum- mer resorts 15 School Buildings — Capacity of rooms 12600-50 39 Classified 12600-1 35 Cubical contents 12600-50 39 Dimensions of rooms 12600-50 39 Floor space 12600-50 89 Height of story 12600-50 39 More than three stories in height 173 Section Page Optics 12600-54 4C Rest Rooms 12600-51 4C Proposed amendments and ad- ditions 40 Sanitation 12600-65 41 Proposed amendments and ad- ditions 43 Settling Tank — Construction of— Plate No. 39 133 Location of 12600-261 134 Illustration— Plate No. 40 134 Piping of 12600-263 135 Size of 12600-258 132 Sewage Tank 1260Q-257 132 Location of -. 12600-261 134 Permitted 12600-255 131 Piping 12600-263 135 Prohibited 12600-256 131 Sewage Treatment Works 12600-264 135 Sewer Air 23 Sewer Gas 23 Analysis of 23 Sewer Tapper — Licensing of 3637 151 Shop or Factory defined 1021 29 Lighted, heated and ventilated 1021 29 12590 31 Shower Bath — Size of trap 12600-138 54 Sinks (Wooden) — Prohibited 12600-220 115 Sitz Bath- Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 Size of — Back vents — maximum devel- oped length 12600-139 55 Fixture traps 12600-138 54 Fixture wastes 12600-138 54 House drains 12600-137 52 House sewers 12600-137 53 Leaching wells 12600-259 132 Local vent pipe stacks 12600—140 55 174 Section Soil pipe stacks 12600-137 52 Settling Tanks 12600-258 132 Vent pipe stacks 12600-139 55 Waste pipe stacks 12600-137 52 Sizes of Pipes — Earthenware increased 12600—137 53 Soil pipe 12600-137 53 200 90 Traps 12600-138 54 Skylights 12600-54 41 Slip joints prohibited 12600-153 63 Slop Sink — Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 Smoke Test — Imperative 12600-242 127 Optional 12600-241 124 Soda Fountain Wastes — Indirect connections for 12600-207 102 Illustration— Plate No. 28 103 Soil Pipe — Coating 12600-142-C 57 Definition of term 51 Grade 12600-142-A 57 Weight 12600_142-B 57 Soil Stacks — Three inch 12600-137 53 200 90 Soil and Waste Extensions — Plates Nos. 18 and 19 88,89 Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes 12600-205 97 Soil Vent- Definition of term 51 Soldering Nipples 12600-145 61 Sound Proof Partitions.... 12600-231 120 Sphere — To find surface of 153 To find cubic inches in 153 Stable Wastes 12600-211 109 Stack Heaters 12600-222 117 Stack Supports 12600-170 76 Illustrations — ^Plates Nos. 12 and 13 77 175 Section Page State Board of Health — Prosecution and proceedings 1247 149 State Inspector of Plumbing — Appointment of 1261-2 24 Qualifications of 1261-2 24 Steam — Pressure at boiling point 153 Storm Water Drain — Approved installation — Plate No. 11 75 Subsoil Catch Basins 12600-247 129 Subsoil drainage below sewer level 12600-254 131 Subsoil Drains 12600-181 80 How connected to sewer — Illustration, Plate No. 11 75 Summer Resorts — Sanitary improvement of 15 Sumps and Ejectors " 12600-251 130 Drainage below sewer level 12600-250 130 Motors, Compressors 12600-253 130 Vented 12600-252 130 Sweat Shops — Rooms regulated : 1020 28 Entrance required 1021 29 Water closets for 1022 29 Inspector may require changes.. 1023 30 T Table of— Amount of fresh air that should be furnished each person per hour 20 Circumferences and area of circles 154 Contents of — Pure air 20 Respired air 20 Cubical contents of sleeping rooms 21 Floor space in sleeping rooms.... 21 Pressure of water per square 176 Section Page inch at different elevations... . 155 Size of local vent pipes 56 Size of soil pipes 53 Size of traps 54 Size of vent pipes 55 Size of waste pipes 53 Titles and numbers 50 Weights of — Brass ferrules 60 Brass pipe per foot 60 Cast iron pipe per foot 57 ~ Lead pipe per foot 59 Solder nipples 61 Wrought iron pipe per foot... -58 • Tenement Houses — ! Classified 12600-1 35 Terminals of vent pipes 12600-195 86 I Terminals adjoining high build- ings 12600-196 86 ♦pgcfc Air 12600-233 120 235 121 240 122 Alterations 12600-235 121 Conductor Pipes 12600-237 121 Covering Work 12600-167 ' 76 238 121 Defective Work 12600-243 127 Extensions 12600-235 121 Final 12600-239 122 Furnished by plumber 12600-234 121 House drain 12600-235 121 Labor for .^ 12600-234 121 Material for 12600-234 121 Nature of 12600-233 120 Not required , 12600-245 127 Openings in vent stacks, Plate No. 37 126 Order of 12600-234 121 Repairs 12600-235 121 244 127 <7) 177 Section Roughing-in 12600-233 Smoke 12600-241 Smoke, imperative 12600-242 Stable, garage 12600-236 Water 12600-240 Water, not available 12600-240 Yard drains ?. 12600-236 Theatres — Classified 12600-1 Theatres and Assembly Halls 12600-32 Fixtures required 12600-32 Proposed amendments and ad- ditions .-•- Sanitation 12600-32 Toilet Rooms Marked 12600-32 Three inch soil pipe 12600-137 200 Title, Number, and Name of — Title, I. Size of pipes Title, II. Material, Quality and Weight Title, III. Joints and Connec- tions Title, IV. Traps and Cleanouts Title, V. General Regulations.... Title, VI. House sewerage and Drains Title VII. Yard, subsoil and other Drains Title, VIII. Roof Conductors and Leaders Title, IX. Soil, Waste and Vent pipes Title, X. Refrigerator, Safe and Special Wastes Title, XI. Fixtures Title, XII. Toilet Rooms Title, XIII. Inspection and Tests Title, XIV.* Catch Basins'.'. Title, XV. Sumps and Ejectors Title, XVI. Sewage Tanks 178 Section Page Title, XVIII. Sewage Treat- ment Works 135 Title, XVIII. Vaults 136 Title, XIX. Pumps and Hy- drants - 141 Toilet Rooms — Base :.- 12600-230 119 Doors and Partitions 12600-232 120 Floor Plan— Plate No. 43 142 Floors 12600-230 119 Floor Slab 12600-230 119 Floor Slab— Exception 12600-230 119 Height 12600-232 120 Location Prohibited 1013 28-47 Separately marked 37,43,47,48,49 Sound Proof Partitions 12600-231 120 Towels— Roller 17 Traps- Accessible for cleaning 12600-161-D 73 Back Vented 12600-203 91 Cleanouts 12600-160-D 69 Deep Seal 12600-209 109 Definition of 52 Depth of seal required 12600-160-C 69 For hot water discharge 12600-183 81,82 Distance from fixture allowed 12600-160-A 67 Drum— how installed 12600-160-B 69 For cellar drains 12600-160-1 70 For latrines 12600-222 117 For refrigerators 12600-207 105 For stable waste catch basin.... 12600-211 109 Grease traps for kitchen sinks.. 12600-210 109 Kind 12600-160-B 67 Level and protection 12600-160-E 69 Location 12600-160-D 73 Main house trap permissable.... 12600-160-F 70 Manholes for 12600-161-C 73 Material allowed 12600_160-B 69 Permanent water seal 12600-160-1 70 Prohibited in drains 12600-160-F 69 Prohibited to connect to water closet 12600-160-G 70 179 Section Page Protection from back pressure.. 12600-203 91 Specifications for plain traps.... 12600-160-B 67 Vent or back vent 12600-203 91 Vent connections 12600-204 92 Visible seal required 12600-214 114 Water seal 12600-160-C 69 183 82 Where required 12600-160-A 67 Typical Drainage System — Plate No. 11 75 U Unions — On sewer side of trap 12600-153 63 Prohibited 12600-153 63 Urinals 12600-219 115 Flushing devices 12600-228 119 General provisions 12600-219 115 Gutters _ 12603-209 109 219 115 Safes and platforms 12600-209 109 Size of branch— pedestal 12600-138 54 Size of branch— trough 12600-138 54 Size of trap— pedestal 12600-138 54 Size of trap— trough 12600-138 54 Trough and gutters 12600-228 119 Width of stalls 12600-232 120 Useful information 152 V Vacuum cleaning 18 Vaults— Cleanout doors 12600-270 140 Construction of 12600-268 138 Existing 12600-266 136 Floor 12600-268 138 271 140 Location of 12600-267 136 Outhouses 12600-269 140 Outhouses— sexes 12600-272 140 Permitted 12600-265 136 Prohibited 12600-266 136 180 Section Page Typical construction — Plate No. 42 139 Ventilation 18 Bakeries 1012 12590 28 Buildings for public use 31 Cells and Dungeons 46 Garages 22 Hospitals 21 Kitchens 46 Latrines 12600-222 116 Local — size of pipe 12600-140 55 Local — where required 12600-206 102 Mechanical 12600-206 102 222 116 Rooms containing patients with contagious or infectious dis- eases 21 Toilet rooms 12600-206 102 Vent Pipes — Definition of term 51 Distance of terminal from win- dows, scuttles and air shafts.. 12600-195 86 Fittings 12600-142 57 143 58 Material for 12600-142 57 143 58 144 59 191 84 Prohibited on outside wall 12600-196 86 Prohibited — used as waste 12600-197 87 Vent or fume pipe a necessity.... 17 Vent— And back vent where required 12600-203 91 And back vent common — Illustration, Plate No. 25 99 And back vent not required 12600-205 97 Back Vent — definition of term- 51 Circuit Vent Installation 97 Illustrations— Plates Nos. 23 and 24 95,96 90 Distance from fixture 12600-199 205 97 181 Section Page For cesspools 12600-262 135 For ejectors 12600-252 130 Grades and Connections 12600-201 91 Increased 12600-139 55 193 86 Individual, Illustrations — Plates Nos. 21 and 22... 93, 94 Length from trap allowed 12600-199 90 Length from point of measure- ment 12600-199 90 Local or surface — definition of term 51 Loop Vent Installation 97 Main, soil or waste vent — Definition of term 51 Main Vent— how installed 12600-200 91 Main Vent reconnected to soil or waste vent 12600-200 91 Main Vent, where required 12600-200 90 Outhouses and cesspools. 12600-262 135 269 140 Reconnected to stack 12600-198 87 200 91 Refrigerator trap 12600-207 105 Soil Vent- Definition of term 51 Trap 12600-252 130 Sump 12600-199 90 203 91 Venting fixtures back to back — Plate No. 20 92 W Wash rooms for bakeries 1013 28 Waste Pipe — Definition of term 51 Material allowed 12600-191 84 Stacks — Approved installation — Plate No. 17 85 Stacks— Roof Extension 12600-193 86 182 Section Page Stacks, where compulsory 12600-192 84 To wall 12600-199 90 216 114 Waste Vent— Definition of term 51 Water- courses and sewers (Power of Council) 150 Evaporation of cubic foot 153 Pounds consumed per H. P...... 153 Pressure of, per square inch 155 Weight of cubic foot 153 Weight of gallon 153 To find height of head 154 To find pressure 154 Water Closets — Apart from bake rooms 1013 28 Bowls 12600-213 114 For shop or factory 1022 29 Juvenile 12600-65 42 Latrine 12600-222 116 Prohibited 12600-218 115 Supply 12600-225 118 Supply to fixtures 12600-224 118 Water Test— how made 12600-240 122 Water Test Illustration — Plate No. 35 123 Water closet stall — doors pro- hibited 47 Water Supply and Service 3 Control 3 Distribution 3 Danger of pollution 4 Frost proof 4 Inferior stops and valves 4 Leakage and wastage 5 Removal of wastes 5 Water-tight joints 12600-148 61 Width of properly lighted school rooms 12600-^4 41 Windows 12600-54 41 183 Section Page Windows in External Wall 12600-54 41 206 102 Wood Floor—permitted 12600-230 119 Wood Floor — prohibited beneath water closets 12600-230 120 Wooden Joist Construction 12600-156 66 Wooden Sinks 12600-220 115 Wooden Wash Trays 12600-220 115 Workshops — Classified 12600-1 35 Wrought Iron Pipe — And brass joints 12600-152 63 Coating 12600-142-C 57 Thickness and weight ,.. 12600-143-A 57 Wrought Iron to Cast Iron Joints 12600-153 63 Y Vard Catch Basin 12600-246 129 Yard Subsoil and Other Drains.. 12600-179 80 184