"C^ ' • • ' V - 9 , ^cJ» .^ A 'b V^ 0^ ^'^^^^ V • o. '^0' K4^ :mMx ^.^ ,-^^ •^:^^°% % . „ o ' .0 V - • . ' - ,^- .0' o. ^^ o .^^ ,0 * * c 1 n * .0 ^. .0 /,-■-•• %:''°\-:^a:>. .Ail f^^^i6 d^i^oi^ Woi^^. LISTER BROTHERS, MANUFACTURERS OF IVORY BLACK. ANIMAL CHARCOAL, PURE GROUND BONE FresI Boie Snper-Pliflsiiliate of Lie, TALLOW, &C. PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND FACTORY, NEWARK, N. J. BRANCH OFFICE, No. 159 FRONT STREET, N. Y BURNET & LEONARD, 'II No. 450 OGDEN STREET, Second Wharf above Bridge Street, I^'KWAKK, .If. J. Steam Boilers of every description, Water Tanks, Lakd and Tal- low Rendering Tanks, Oil Stills, Varnish Makers' Kettles, Smoke Pipes, Ac, made to order in the best manner W. H. Blrket. W. S. Leonard. HEDGES & BROTHER. AND MANUFACTURERS OF H. Self-Ciosing FAUCET, Patented Feb. 21st IS?]. In this Faucet ihe Valve is open- ed by pressinijthe lever in an_v direc- tion, and closes of itself when the PRESSURE IS REMOVED. No. 7 New Jersey Raiiroad Avenue, Newark, N. J. OT>F. nVX^RKE^r ST. DKPOT. H . 3^ . K I >i 1] A h h, MANUFACTURER AND DEALEIi IN FINE FUMISHINCI GOODS Koi* jSIeii'f^ and Boys' ^Veai*, NO. 857 BROAD STREET, NEWARK, X. J. H. W. CHAPMAN, MANUFACTURER OF Fine Machinery, for Watcliniakors and Jewelers. Fine Machinists Tools, Power, Foot, Screw and Hand Presses, Models and Experimental Work of every description. ]\o. 22 I?IECHA:\SC ST,, :\dVARK, I\. J. C. M. BAILEY & CO.. j)Ealers in Smoked Meats and Provisions, No. 83 BOSTON St., Near South Orange Avenue, NEWARK. X. J. Pork, Beef, Hams, Shoulders, Lard, ToDgues, &c, Licensed by the United Nickel Company, of New York. IX K TV^ A « li 113 K J. KAILKOAD AYE., NEWARK, X, J. X.. J\., SMITH, PROF^RIETOR. JOHN SOMMER & CO., MAXUFACTUBERS OF TELEGEAPH PINS ^ G2NEEAL WOOD TtTENINC-, ^'os. 8, 10 &, 12 l»earl street, ilfeTiark:, >\ JT. Price List of Cork-Lined Wooden Faucets. ONE BARREL CONTAINS: No.OSize 25 dozen. No,(t, or 6 inch, per dozen $n 5U " 2 " 24 " 1 •' 2. •• 7 '• •' 75 ■i " 18 " •• 4, " S •* " 1 00 (; '• 13 •' " 6, " 9 " " 125 8 " 11 •' " 8, " 10 " ' 153 ^ " 5 " " 9, " 18 " " (for ice boxes) 3 25 jO " 5 <' •• 10, '• " " 4 25 11 " 4 " "11, •' " " 5W iii 1836. 1.873 JOHN JELLIFF & CO., Manufacturers of and Dealers in ♦•♦ HAIR, BUSK AND STRAW MATTRESSES, Churches, Banks, Lodges, Offices. Etc., FURNISHED TO ORDER. 794 Broad Street, Newark, N. J, JOHN JELLIFF. HENRY H. MILLER. (Successor to KEEN & WARD,) MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALBR IN ALL KINDS OF Itiio FMnliMni a O O D S , New No. 730 Broad Street, Opp. Post Office, NEWAEK, N. J. FURNITURE, CARPETS, OIL CLOTH, CHINA, Crt^cliery and Glassware. 8' O l-M cS O eg 1^ ^ ^ O ^ On On ]o^efM M. Bniitli ci' l^rothei'b^ ANi) .AlAMFACTL'HERS OF CHURCH FURNITURE. Contract for all kinds of Carpenter Work. J^y^JD H^RD WOOD ^VORK, 95, 97, 99, ] 01 M. & E. Railroad Avenue, AND ^ASsAU ST, NEWARK, N. J. JOSEFH M. SMITH, ]!!-M{Y sMIIi;, EDWIN SMITH. LOCIS LEl.ONG, ALEXANDER LELONG. L. LeLONG & BlIOTHEK, And S^^eep Smelters, Cor. of Church and Marshall Sts., NKW.VKK, X. J. 6^2.0^ H^ISTD BOOK GUIDE FOK THE CITY OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY. ..^^i-/'^ CAREFULLY EDITED AND COMPILED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES. NEWARK. N. J. NfiWAUK DAILY ADVERTISER PRINT 1S72. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1872 by JOHN E. RGWE & JAMES ARMSTRONG, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. { KEY TO GUIDE CHART. The Letters and Figures after the Streets correspond with the Letters on the top, and the fiFgures on the side of the Chart. The name and location of a particular Street will be found in the Square, indicated by the accompanying Letter and Figure. Each Square represents a lineal half mile. Academy e 4 Adams d6 Actien f 3, Ailing d5; Alpine b4| Alyea d 7 Amsterdam d 8 Ann d 7 Arch e 4 Ashbridge ...d 7 Ashland d li Astor b4i Atlantic f4' Atlantic (2) j 4 Austin c 5 Aqueduct g3 Ayenue A a5 B ..a5 C a5 D a6 E b6, F bc! Ct b7, H b 7! " I c 7, " J c7 " K c8, Avon Avenue b 4' Badger a 3; Baldwin d4 Bank e4 Barbara d7 Barclay c 4 Battin h3' Beach dS; Beacon ■ d3 Beaver e 5 Bedford d3 Beecher c 4 Belleville Avenue. 2:4 Belmont Avenue.. c 3; Bennett i 4' Bergen d2; Berkeley 13 Berlin dS' Bigelow a4 Bird Avenue k4 Bleecker e 4 Bloomfield Ave. . .g 4 Blum c 2! Bond e3' Bostt X d3 Boadinot eo Bowery e 7 Boyd c8 Boyden f4 Branford a 4 Bremen d7 Bridge f4 Brientnall Placed 4 Brill e7 Broad f4 Broom c3 Bruce d3 Bruen d5 Brunswick b 4 Buck cl: Burnet e 4 Cabinet e3 Calumet c6' Camden d2 Camfield d4i Camp c5i Canal (North) e5 Canal (South) e 51 Cartaret j 3; Catharine ,d4 Cedar , e 4 Cedar (2) j 3 Central Avenue.. e4| Centre e 5j Chadwick Ave a3i Chambers e7 Charles c 3 Charlton cR; Chatham g3 Cherry e5 Chestnut Place... k 4 Chestnut ,..c 5i Christie e7| Christopher ,..d7l Church d 4 Clark g4; Clay f4j Clayton c4 Clifton a 4; Clinton Avenue. ...c 4, Clinton e5j Clover e 6 Coe'8 Place d4 Colden e3 Columbia d Si Comes e i Commerce e 5| Commercial e 6, Concord a 4 Condit e3| Congress d6 Corev hV Cottage d5[ Cottage 2 .18 Court d4 Crane f 3, Crane 2 g4' Crawford c4 Cross f 4 Cutler gS! Darcey d7 Dawson c5 Dey e3 Dickerson e3 Division f4 Division 2 j 4 Division Place e5 Dougherty e 1| Downing d6 Dresden d 8| Drift f3| Durand e 5, Eagles f4 Earl b4! East Fair d5[ East Ferry e Sj East Mechanic d 5| Eighth Avenue.... f 4 Eleventh Avenue. .e2i Elizabeth ,....d7| Elizabeth Ave.... b 4 Elm d5 Emmett b4 Essex f 4! Factory f3 Fair d5 Fairmount Ave .. d2| Fairview Ave c 3' Ferguson e 7! Ferry d6 Fifth Ave g2: Fifth f 2' Fifteenth Ave ... . d2 Fillmore e 7 First f2; First Ave h 3 Forest c 2 Fourth f 2; Fourth Avenue g2| Fourteenth Ave...d 2\ Frankfort d 8* Franklin d 5' Frederick e 7 Freeman e7 Frelinghuysen av.b4 Front f 5 Fulton ..f 5 Garden d5i Garrison c 7| Garside g3 George e7i Goble bSi Gotthart c 7 Gould Avenue f 1 Gouverneur g4 Governor c 4 Grant f4 Gray f i: Green d 5 Greenberry c 2i Greenwich c 4 Grove e 4| Guilford a 4 Halsey e4 Hamburg Place... d7l Hamilton d5' Harrison k 1 Harvey h3 Hawthorne Ave.. a 3 Hayes d'S' Hecker f 3' Hermon c5| High d4 mn d4| Hillside Avenue.. b 3 Holland c2' Houston d7l Howard dS! Hoyt e3i Hudson eSl Humboldt f2! Hunter b4 Hunterdon d 2j JacoTj c2[ Jackson dC James f4 Jay f3l Jefferson d6 Jelliff aS Jersey e6| Jones d3i Johnson c s! Johnson Avenue.. b4i Kearrey gSJ King 5 5 Kinney— East c6! Kinney— We«t d 4 1 Komorn d 7i Kossuth d 8| Lafayette d6; Lagrange Place. . .c 41 Lake h 2 Lawrence d5 Lemon f 3 Lewis c 3 Lexington e 7 Liberty d5 Lillie c3 Lincoln d4 Lincoln Avenue...! 3 Linden e4 Littleton Avenue. d 2 Livingston c3 Lock e3 Lockwood f 8 Locust a 4 Lombardy f 5 Longworth c4 Lush d3 Mackin j 3 Madison d 6 Magazine d8 Magnolia c 3 Magnolia— 2 14 Maiden Lans. . . a 1 Main ,cl8 Mapes a 5 Maple Place j 3 Market d 4 Marshall d4 McWhorter d 5 May 13 Mechanic d5 Mercer d 4 Merchant d7 Milford Avenue . .b 4 Mill k4 Miller b4 Monmouth c 4 Monroe d6 Monroe Lane g 2 Montgomery Ave.c 1 Montgomery c4 Morris Avenue d 3 M& ERR Ave. ..f4 Morrison i 3 Morton d3 Mott e7 Mt Pleasant Ave..g 4 Mt Prospect Ave. gS Mulberry Place. .,d 5 Mulberry d5 Murray c 4 Myrtle Avenue ...f 2 Napoleon d7 Nassau f 4 Nesbit f 3 Nevada d4 New e4 Newark e 3 Newbold g 2 N J ER Avenue . , d 6 Newton d3 New York Ave d 6 Niagara d7 Nichols dG Nicholson d 4 Ninth Avenue f 1 Norfolk d3 North First g2 " Second g2 " Third f2 '• Fourth f2 " Fifth g2 " Sixth g2 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. North Seventh ....f 2iPolk d " Ninth g2|Pon(l g " Tenth g IjPrincc c " Eleventh., g 1 Prospect Place — c Twelfth., .g llProspect d " Thirteenth .s 1 Providence e Nntria f 2|Qninton b Nntman e3 Quitman c Oak d 5 Kankl n d Ogden f 4 Uector e Oliver c5 Richards' Lane....e Orange f 4 Kichardp e Orchard c 5 Richmond d Oriental h 4 Richter h Orleans e4i Ridge g Oxford e TiRidgewood a Pacific c6iRiver e Park Place e SiRose c Park e 5 Roseville Avenue. f Parkhurst c 5 Runyon a Passaic g 4 Sandford c Paterson d 7 Sayer c Paul b 5 Schalk e Parker g 3}Scharf h Pearl a 4 School e Peddle a 4 Scott c Pennington c 5|Scribas Lane d Pennsylvania Ave. b 4[ Searing e Peshinc Avenue. ..a 3}Seconn Avenue.. .h Pierce b 1 Second f Pierson e4|Seventeenth Ave..c Pine d 4 Seventh Avenue, .f Plane d 4| Sheffield f Plum e4|Shipman d Plum Point Lance 8|Sherman Avenue. .b Poinier b 4jSixteenth Avenue.c Sixth Avenue g2 Somerset c 4 South liridge f 4 '* Essex e 4 " Orange Av.d 2 " Sixth d2 " Seventh ....d 2 " Eighth d2 " Ninth d2 " Tenth d2 " Eleven th...d 2 " Twelfth ....dl " Thirteenth. d 1 " Fourteenth dl *' Fifteenth... dl " Sixteenth.. d 1 " Sevente'th..d 1 " Eighteenth d 1 " Nineteenth d 1 South c5 Spring f4 Springfield Ave... d 4 Spruce c4 Stanton b4 State f 4 Stone gS Struve f3 St. Charles e8 St. Francis d8 St. Marks b3 Summer Avenue. . g 3 Summit e 4 Sussex Avenue f 2 Taylor g3 Third Avenue h 4 Thirteent:. Ave...d3 Third f 2 Thomas c2 Tichenor's Lane..b 5 Tichenor c 5 Tompkins g4 Union d 6 Van Buren d6 Vanderpool b 4 Van Wagenen h3 Vesey c5 Vine c4 Vroom d 5 Wall d7 W^allace Place e3 Wallace d3 W^alnut d5 Ward d 5 Warren e 4 Warwick d6 Washington Place. e 4 Washington e4 Waverly Place.... c 4 Webster • g4 Westcott d 7 West Park e4 West d4 Wheeler Pt Road..c 7 Wickliffe dS Willct c5 W'illiam d4 Willow d 4 Wilsey e 3 Wood f 3 Woodside Avenue.i 3 Wright b4 -:o:- STREETS NOT NAMED ON THE MAP. Augusta, from 357 Plane d 4 Backus, from WHieeler's Point Road....c 7 Bathgate Place, 523 Orange f 2 Coal, 70 River e 5 Crittenden. 156 Belleville Avenue g4 Delancy. 152 Pacific c 6 Dublin, from Monroe Lane g2 Dundas, " " " g2 Eckford, " " " g 2 Ferdon, from Wheeler Point Road. . . .c 7 Gold, from Jacob street c2 Gold, from Orange street f 1 Racket, 249 Plane e 4 Halsted, from Wheeler's Point Road....c 7 Hampden, 87 Wickliffe e 3 Hanover, from Wheeler's Point Road..c 7 Henry, 213 Bank e 4 Jabez, 182 Hamburg Place d8 John, 66 Eighth Avenue f 4 Lang, from Elm d 7 Lorraine, from Bloomtield Avenue g4 Lum, 253 Railroad avenue c 5 Malvern, 134 Pacific c 6 Maple Place, 44 Green d 6 Milton, 129 Wickliffe d3 Myrtle, 97 Seventh Avenue f 3 Nicolay, near Liltleton Avenue e2 North Sandford, from Monroe Lane....g 2 O'Connel, " " " ....g2 Orange Place, 123 Orange f 4 Pitt, from Hamburg Place d8 Piatt, from Wheeler's Point Road c 7 Rankin Place, rear Court House d 4 Rowland, from Crittenden g4 Sidnev, near Clinton bl Silk, 196 Academy e 4 Stiles, 54 River e 5 Stockton, 197 Hamburg place d 7 Temple, from Lake h 2 Thompson, from M & E RR Avenue f 1 Treadwell, 335 Mt Pleasant Avenue h 4 Varum, from Wheeler's Point Road c 7 Vesey, from Camp ^ c5 Winans Ave., near Woodland Cemet'y..b 2 CONTENTS TAGE, PREFACE ^ KEY TO THE GUIDE CHART 7 INDEX TO BUSINESS HOUSES 4 MAPS— 1667, 1846, 1S72 HISTORY 9 SITUATION AND EXTENT 24 STREETS AND BUILDINGS 26 PARKS AND SQUARES— Hanover, Lincoln, Lonibardy, Militaiy, Orange, School Honse, TVashingtou Si HOTELS S3 MARKETS 33 AMUSEMENTS^ 34 STREET RAILROADS 36 GOVERNMENT— Mayor, Common Council, Board of Health, Police, Fire Department TAXATION 42 RESERVOIRS AND AQUEDUCTS 43 EDUCATION— Newark Academy, Public Schools 45 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS— Sentinel of Freedom, Daily Advertiser, New Jersey Volksmann, Daily Journal, New Jersey Freie Zeitung, Evening Courier, Morning Register, Morning Journal and Peoples Paper, Manufacturers' Gazette, New Jersey Review, City Directory NEWARK LIBRARY 52 NEW^ JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY 55 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 56 CHURCHES 59 BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATIONS 60 CEMETERIES— City Cemetery, Fairmount, Holy Sepulchre, Jewish, Mount Pleasant, St. John's, St. Mary's, Woodland 62 DRIVES 6S NEWARK POST OFFICE— Local Post Office Regulations, General Post Office Laws 69 MONETARY INSTITUTIONS— Banks, Trust Companies, Savings In- stiutions, Private Bankers 71 INSURANCE COMPANIES 73 BOARD OF TRADE 74 REAL ESTATE 76 FACILITIES FOR TRAVEL 77 COMMERCE 79 MANUFACTURES— In 1810, 1826, 1872 81 NEWARK INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION 101 GUIDE— To Public Offices, Buildings, Churches, *S:c 102 ABSTRACT OF CITY ORDINANCES 110 ESSEX COUNTY 118 ADVERTISERS INDEX. Atchison & Ogden xiii Bailey, C. M. & Co iii Balbach, Ed & Son xvii Baldwin, Jos, & Co xvii Barnet, Oscar xxvi Browe Bros xxvi Burnet & Leonard ii Campbell, C. G viii Cass, W. E XV Chapman, H. W iii Clements, Jos xxv Cole & Ballard xviii Demarast, N. J. & Co xiii Denman, J. R xi Dixon, E. c*c W xxv Dodd, Marvin & Co ix Ely, Theo. M xvii Graflf Geo xxiii Hedges & Bro ii Hemmer, Wra xii Hewes & Phillips, xxiii Homeopathic Pharmacy ix Hopkins, F '. ix Howell, W. A. & Co v Jlumboldt Insurance Co xxvi Jelliff, John & Co iv Johnson, S. R xv Johnson, W xix Kimball, H. B ii Lauter, S. D vii Lelong & Bro vi Lister Brothers i Littell, Jno. S x Macknet, Wilson & Co., x Marshall, G. W back cover Mayo, Joseph, B xxviii Meeker & Hedden xxiii Merchants' Mutual Ins. Co xxii Mersereau, "W. T. & J xvi Miller, S. B. & Co xxiv Mundy, J. S xxiv Mutual Benefit Ins. Co xxvii Newark Mutual Ins. Co xxi Parker, Geo. E ix Passmore & Meeker xviii Price, George xxviii Reeve, Howard & Battin xvii Richardson & Hall xxviii Ripley, D. & Sons viii Roemer, W xvi Romer & Co xiv Skinner, Leary & Lindsley xxiv Smith, Charles B Front cover Smith, Jos. M. & Bro vi Smith, L. A iii Smith, Richard xv Sommer, John & Co iii Spence, Gaveu vii Tidey, M. B xx Tuers & Cooper xii Vanderhoof, Geo. H xxv Walker, Charles W Back cover Ward, E. P iv White, J. H xxi Whitney & Hall xii PREFACE According to the census of 1S70 Newark is adding weekly to its popula- tion Seventy permanent inhabitants. Actually, however, the number must be much greater than this. The period embraced in the last census Avas that of the war, when the number of hands engaged in manufactures was greatly reduced by the crippling of those industries engaged in the south- ern trade. The direct loss of soldiers in the field, added to this reduction must have had a sensible effect on the enumeration tables, and conse- quently also upon the ratio of increase. Though not deducible from the census, it is nevertheless very probable therefore, that the jjopulation of the city is now, and has been, for some time increasing at the rate of a hun- dred people weekly. When a city has attained to a population of over one hundred thousand inhabitants, with a permanent increase such as this, with large manufacturing and business Interests, and all the various and varying activities which these engender, it becomes of importance that there should be a Hand Book, or Guide, or both for popular information and reference. At this period in its history, Newark has most certainly arrived, and the Publishers believe that the present compilation will be found neither unwelcome i>or umtimely. It contains almost everything of a local character likely to be of interest, or use; but is rather a contribution to the information of the newer resident, than an addition to the knowledge of the older inhabitant. In its compilation, correctness has been studied, rather than originality. The labors of V^hitehead, Gordon and others, have supplied material for the historical sketch, and the general informa- tion has been procured from well informed sources, efiBcient reports and personal inquiry and inspection. No sketch of Newark would be complete Avithout a notice of its man- ufactures. The space which could be devoted to this feature was necessarily limited, but the exhibit to be found in these pages will be acknowledged to be the most full and definite ever before published. In this connection attention is called to the business cards to be found in various parts of the voiurae. Without the assistance aflbrded by these, the Hand Book could not have been pubished, except at a price double that at which it is offered. The thanks of the Publishers are gratefully tendered to the gentlemen who have taken an interest in, and aided their labors. Should a second dition be called for the Publishers will spare no pains to make the book still more worthy of public favor. Newark, Jult, 1872. ORIGINAL SETTLERS. Inhabitants from Branford corresponding to liomc lots on tlie Map of 1667, (open face tij^ures.) 1 Jasper Crane, 2 Abra. Peirson, 3 Samuel Swaine, 4 Lawrence Ward, 5 Thomas iilatchl}-, 6 Samuel Plum, 7 Josiah Ward, 8 Samuel Rose, 9 Thos. Peirson, 10 John Ward, 11 John Catlini^, 12 Richard Harrison, 13 Ebenezer Camtield, 14 John Ward, Senior, 15 Ed. Ball, 16 John Harrison, 17 John Crane, IS Thos. Huntington. 19 Delivered Crane, 20 Aaron Blatchly, 21 Richard Laurance, 22 John Johnson, 23 Thomas L. Lyon. Inhabitants from Milford corresponding to home lots on the Map of 1667, (dark face tigures.) 1 Robert Treat, 2 Obacliah Bruen, 3 Matthew Camfteld, 4 Samuel Kitchell, 5 Jeremiah Pecke, 6 Michael Tompkins, 7 Stephen Freeman, S Heury Lyon, John Browne, 10 John Rogers, 11 Stephen Davis, 12 Edward Rigs, is Robert Kitchell, 14 J. Brooks, 15 Robert Lymens, 16 Francis Linle, 17 John Tichenor, 18 John Bauldwin, Sr., 19 John Bauldwin, Jr., 20 Jona. Tompkins, 2] Geo. Day, 22 Thomas Johnson, 23 John Curtis, 24 Ephraim Burwell, 25 Robert Denison, 36 Nathaniel Wheeler, 27 Zechariah Burwell, 2S William Camp, 29 Joseph Walters, 31 Robert Dalglish, 31 Hauns Albers, 32 Thorn Morris, 33 Hugh Roberts, 34 Ephraim Pennington, 35 Martin Tichenor, 36 John Browne, Jr., 37 Jona. Seargeant, 3S Azariah Crane, 39 Samuel Lyon, 40 Joseph Riggs, 41 Stephen. Bond. i j]lTY op J^EWAI^K ITS HISTORY. Amid the emerald green and fragrant bloom of Ma}^ 1666, two hundred and six years ago, the tents of the early settlers of ISTew- ark were seen beyond the Acliter Kol, or Second Bay, of the newly formed province of New Jersey. First, Robert Treat with a chosen company from New England, then Al)ram Pierson with the single minded members of his church set themselves down by the " green pastures a^nd still waters" of the Passaic, a patriarchal band of sixty families. This was an early event in the history of American colonization. As springs and rills through deepening verdure meet, and gathering strength from every hill and valley in its course, forms at length the mighty and impetuous river, so the feeble colonies of Virginia, New England, Maryland, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, have long ago united these distant streams and grov/n with such lusty strength that the story of American settlement and enterprise has already become vast as the tide of the Mississippi itself Newark was a headwater of the stream. Be- fore the coming of these pioneers, comparatively few white men had seen the Passaic, the Hackensack, or the mountains of Wat- chung. More than fifty years before, the Ralf-3Ioon, with Henry Hudson and his hardy crew dropped anchor in a neighboring bay, and in their explorations of a strange port, some of them cref)t through the Kill-von-Kull, and entered our own inland waters to look, in passing, on the home and hunting grounds of the native. The wide amphitheatre was untenanted, save by the beast and sav- age, but they found '' very good riding for ships, and a narrow river to the westward, between the land ; the land was pleasant with grass, and flowers, and goodly trees, as ever they had seen, and very sweet odors came form them." Later, the curious eyes of Dutch traders gazed across the Bergen heights, and in following up their schemes of barter with the red men, doubtless many of them crossed the rivers, and knew the country to the west as well as to the north. Later still, and within a year or two of the set- tlement by our forefathers, a few solitary wanderers from Elizabeth- port may have ventured up the bay, or passed northward by the heights, to take a wider view of the more than manorial patrimony of the Indian, but no white man had as yet, made his home upon our pleasant fields. It is not necessary even to sketch contemporaneous history, but a glance at early discoveries and a few events which had just taken place in Europe, is necessary to comprehend the nature of the set- tlement and fix its period intelligently in the mind. 10 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. In tlic (laysof Columbus, Vespucius and Galoot, European nations were accustomed to tuTogatc to themselves sovereignty over new and Scivage lands, by virtue of prioiity of discovery. On this ground the entire country, now forming the United States of America, was claimed I)y t)ie English, altliough in the latitude of Newark (irst settled by the Dutch. There can be no doubt that in 1498, Sebastian Cabot sailing under the flag of England, first coast- ed our shores. Columbus had previously discovered San Salvador, and Americus Vespucius, the region of Colombia ; both may have explored islands and tracts of territory to the south, but the great Continent to the north, neither of them had ever seen. The Prima Vista of John Cabot and his son Sebastian, who, in 1497 sailed from Bristol under the. auspices of Henry VII, was possibly the first view l3ut it was only a view, and that too, very far to the north. The second voyage of Sebastian, during the following year, was the true discovery. He sailed along its shores from the 56th to probably the 25lli degree of latitude ; explored the coast, held intercourse with the natives, and took possession of the coun- try on l^ehalf the English crown. Cabot was followed by John Verrazzani in 1523, by Stephen Gomez in 1524, and finally by Henry Hudson in 160'). Hudson was an Englishman, but at this time sailed under the flag of the States General of Holland, and in the service of the Dutch East India Company. He made no claim to territory, but carried l^ack to Holland such definite and detailed accounts of the country bordering on tl^e river which received his name, as led first to the erection of trading posts by the merchants of Amsterdam, and gradually to a permanent settlement. To the territory thus appropriated, England had not relinquished her claims. Both to the north and south, she had already planted colonies, and the very portion now discovered by Hudson had been ceded by the crown. The Dutch obtained, and held possession only by suffeiance, and after their trading posts took the shape of colonies, the officers of the English crown made repeated asser- tions of her title at New Amsterdam, without scruple the colonists of New^ England extended their bounds into New Holland and in 1664, her sovereignty was forcibly established. When the i^rotec- torate of Cromv.'ell had come to an end, and her hereditary line of Kings returned to the throne, Charles II granted a charter to his brother, James Duke of York and Albany, to all the lands be- tween Connecticut river and the Delaware bay, and immediately thereafter, a fleet was dispatciied by his Royal Highness, to take possession. The seizure of New Netherlands l)y this excpdition brought on a war with Holland, but by the peace of Breda, in 1667, the title of England was formally acknowledged. Out of this grant by Charles, that portion of territory which now forms our own State, was immediately constituted a separate province. In June 16G4, the Duke of York executed deeds of lease and release to Lord John Berkely, Baron of Stratton, and Sir George Carteret, of Saltrum, in the county of Devon, for the tract which was thereafter to be called New Caesarea, or New Jersey.^ Happily, at first, the authority which this deed conveyed was used by tlie Lords Proprietors with much wisdom. They issued a GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 11 Constitution entitled, " Concessions and agreements by tiie Lords Proprietors of New Jersey, to and with, all and every tlie adver- tnrers, and all such as shall settle or plant there." It provided for the appointment of a Governor, to be assisted by a Council of ad- vice and consent, and an Assembly of twelve men, to be elected annually l)y the Freemen of the province, without whose consent no taxes could be imposed. It ofiered, also, grants of laud on the most favorable terms,'^ and guaranteed liberty of conscience to all. The iirst governor was Philip Carteret, a brother of one of the proprietors. ^ He landed at the point now called Elizabethport, in August of 16^4. and named that place after Lady Elizabeth Carteret, hisbrothcr's wife. As yet, there was no settlement at Newark, but its fertile slopes did not long remain unoccupied. New England had long been colonized, and there the "grants and concessions" were immediately published. They M'cre oifered to the considera- tion of the people at a most opportune moment. It happened that much dissatisfaction existed among those of the New Haven colony in consequence of their enforced annexation to that of Connecticut, and their attention was easily and at once directed to New Jersey. ■The first movement was from Milford ; a delegation, consisting of Captain Robert Treat, John Curtis, Jasper Crane and John Treat, was sent from that place to enquire whether the new land and promised advantages Vv-ere such as they seemed, and if fi^und so, to select lauds for a settlement. On their arrival at Elizabeth this delegation first went south, with the intention of selecting a site which would have placed the nevf town near what is now Burling- ton ; but not being satisfied they returned and prosecuted their search towards the north. In this direction it was not necessary to go far. Rounding the meadows by the uplands with beautiful rolling land on the one side, and a fair scene of meadow and bay upon the other, they came to a spot exactly suited to their wants; ample grounds, high and wooded, a soil rich and fertile, a navigable river leading by a wide and sheltered bay to the ocean, only a few miles away. What more could they desire? They had a neigh borhood already formed. Elizabeth was beside them. Bergen Hill across the bay was partially settled, and New Amsterdam, already busy and thriving, lay beyond. To this point then, it was determined to bring the Mends from Milford, and a large tract was selected " beyond the marshes, to the north of Elizabethtown," which was to be secured to them after a free occupation of five years, by the Governor, for a quit rent of a half-penny per acre. In :May of the year 166G, the first Xe.varkers found their way to the spot. They numbered about thir v families, under the leader- ship of Captain Treat. As they left tl'i.- ocean, and beating through the Kulls, glided into the nameless w.iters of the bay, and saw the gladsome valley, and the far stretcbii.g uplands, green with the flush of early summer, we can imagine the feelings with which they looked upon their future home,"the stout-hearted hopefulness of the men, the timid trustfulness of the women, and the admir- ing wonder of the little ones. The old proverl), " a bad beginning has a good ending," received a fresh verification in the settlement of Newark. At their first landing, the settlers were destined to meet 13 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. ■\vitli a serious disappointment. As afterwards related, they had scarcely bef^un to put their goods upon the bank, when they were ordered off l)y the native Indians. These were not an unreas- onable people ; but the grounds were theirs, they said, and had not been purchased. The settlers had no alternative but " to put their goods on board the vrssel again, and aquaint the Governor with the matter." Tlie Gi ^ ( rnor had furnished Captain Treat on his llrst visit with a letter t«' the natives, in order that an under- standing might be had wiHi them, as well as with himself, but from some mistake or overs ght it had never been presented. It was not difficult of course to .-atisfy a people so straiglfforward and honest, that the Indian claim had a show of justice ; but it appears Treat expected that Carteret would have provided for its settle- ment, and the disappointment nearly resulted in the enteri)rise being abandoned. A. conference, however, on the Hackensack, with the original owners, Samuel Edsall of Bergen, being in- terpreter, resulted in an agreement satisfactory to all. With the consent of the Governor, a fair bargain was concluded, and provis- ion made for a bill of sale of the Indian title directly from them- selves. After this arrangement the strangers were allowed quiet and peaceable possession. It was probably well the disappoint- ment happened, the settlers secured by it a double title to their lands, and were armed against all future efforts to infringe upon, or deprive them of their rights. The deed from the Indians was not regularly executed till the following year. It bears date, July 11th, 1667, and conveys a tract corresponding very nearly with the ])resent county of Essex. It was made to Mr. Obadiah Bruen, Mr. Samuel Kitchell, Michael Tomkins, John Brown and Robert Dennisou, as agents for the in- habitants, "for and in consideration of fifty double-hands of pow- der, one hundred bars of lead, twenty axes, twenty coats, ten guns, twenty pistols, ten kettles, ten swords, four blankets, four barrels of beer, two pair of breeches, fifty knives, twenty hoes, eight hundred and fifty fathoms of wampum, two ankers of liquor, or something equivalent, and three troopers' coats." Westward, the land by this deed terminated at the foot of Watchung mountains, but by a second deed obtained ten years later the limits were ex. tended to the top of the Orange hills, the equivalent for the addi- tion being " two guns, three coats and thirteen kans of rum." Simultaneously with, or accompanying the first settlers, came a delegation from Guilford and Brandford, also in New England, to see the ground, and provide if mutually agreed upon, for a com- mon occupancy. The first entry of the "Ilecords of Newark," as published by the Historical Society of New Jersey, bears date, 31st May, 16GG, and contains the minutes of a meeting," together with the agents sent from Guilford and Brandford, to ask on be- half of the undertakers and selves, with reference to a township, or allotments, together with the friends from Milford." It was agreed at this meeting that they should unite their fortunes, "ac- cording to fundamentals mutually aore(3vl upon." During the fol- lowing year, and in accordance with tliis agreement, an addition equal in numbers to the first, was added to the colony. These last GUIDE TO THE CITY OP NEWARK. 13 settlers before leaving their liome;^ in New England, held a meeting and subscribed two "fundamental agreements," expressive of their views as to the government of the new town. Being devoted Puritans, and imbued with all the strict notions of that people, they desired that the administration of atiairs should be under the lavrs of God, and by memi>ers of the church, and accordingly the " fundamentals" took the shape of two resolutions, providing that the purity of religion as i)rofessed by the Congregational churches should be maintained ; that none should be admitted free burgesses of the town, or be chosen to the magistracy, or have a vote in the establishing laws, or be eligible to any chief military trust, except those who were members of some or other of the Congregational churches; sucli ordinary civil rights as were left being extended to all other settlers. When these resolutions were received on the Passaic they were unanimously subscribed to, at a public meeting held, June 24th, 1667. The number of signatures appended in all v/ero sixty-three ; forty of them being those of the Mil ford com- pany. The settlers from Brandford may l)esaid to have emigrated rather as a church, than as individuals. They were under the leadership of the Rev. Abram Pierson, who had been their pastor for many years ; more properly speaking perhaps, they transported him hither as a part of their church organization. He was an old man, very much beloved, and in his honor the new town received its name. For the little time that intervened between the arrival of the two parties of settlers, it is probable the place was called Mil- ford, or known simply as "our Town on the Pesayak." The name permanently adopted was that of a town in England where Mr. Pierson had preached previous to emigrating to America, It ap- pears to have been at first Neicorh or Neworlce^ instead of Newark, as afterwards written ; the derivation being novum opus, and not tiova area, as has been supposed. These fathers of our city, especially the leaders, were people of the most sterling character. They had much of the spirit of Bun- yan's Pjlgrini, and w^ere anxious to separate themselves from the world, as a '* city ©f destruction, possessed with a very ill conditioned and idle sort of people." They hedged themselves in with the commands and examples of the Old Testament, rather than with the precepts of the New ; but they lived in times when strong con- victions in earnest minds almost necessarily resulted in more or less of intolerance. If their restrictions on settlement were such as would be considered too exclusive in our day, and could not long be carried out, even in theirs, it must be remembered that their motives were pure, and their objects noble ; and if we, their de- scendants, have among us anything of purity and truth, or respect for law and justice, it is probable that to their influence and ex- ample, we owe their existence. As we have seen, the settlement of a town was the primary ob- ject of the movement, and the necessar}^ steps for this purpose were immediately taken. Being an agricultural people, they had bought a large territory with the view of providing themselves with farm lands as well as town lots. The former were subse- 2* 14 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. quently ullotted, but tlie apportioument to the several settlers of the latter was lirst i)roceeded with. For this purpose they selected the plateau, which is now the central portion of our city, and laid out the levv' streets necessary, precisely as they still exist, the inter- section of Broad and Market, being then as now, the centre. They agreed that six acres should be allotted to each, and that their respective locations should be fixed by lot. One exception only was made to this arrangement, in favor of Captain Robert Treat, who was to have eight acres to his lot, and be allowed to choose for himself the ground it should occupy. Their minister, the Rev. Mr. Pierson had his lot also, and was allowed eighty l^ounds for the building of his house. He lived and died among his people, and his son succeeded him in tlie ministry. His salary was £80 a year, and he was exempt from taxes. Robert Treat's lot was on the south-east corner of Broad and Market streets, and extend- ed to below the First Presbyterian church. Mr. Pierson was next to him, on the south. Other names and locations for the first few years after 16G6, are shown on our map of the period. We can imagine that for some years, the building of houses, the fencing of lots, and cultivation of the ground took up all the time and taxed all the energies of the settlers. Tneir organization as a town, had also to be upheld. From the first, matters pertain- ing to the general good were discussed, and settled in town meet- ings, and the duty of the inhabitants, in particular cases appointed them. A general fence towards the meadows had to be erected ; the streets had to be made and kept in order ; the woods and meadows had to be burned ; the killing of wolves had to be encouraged and rewarded, and many other things done in the interest of a people thrifty and provident. Being of such strong religious views, the erection of a church was an early necessity ; then followed in time the selection of a schoolmaster, the building of a corn-mill and a sa^v-mill, the ap- pointment of a ferryman and a town drummer; a suitable person was also wanted for the keeping of an ordinary, for the entertain- ment of strangers ; new planters had to be admitted to the rights of freeman ; courts had to be erected and town officers chosen. The first church was built about the year 1669. It was a very primitive structure, 26 feet wide by 36 feet long, and stood on the site of the old burying ground, at Broad and Market streets ; though homely, and long in being finished, this building was the commencement of a golden thread which runs through the whole history of Newark. It was a link iti the lite of a congregation still among us, which for unwavering encigy and vitality, has scarcely been paralled in the history ot" any other religious body. On its transfer to the banks of the Passaic, its organization was Congregational, and so continued till 1719, when it was joined to the Presbyterian body, and has ever since been known as The First Preshjterian Church of NeioarTc. It has had a long line of celebrated names among its ministers, and has been the mother and nurse of many of the othei Presbyterian congregations of the city. In 1708 a second church was erected. It stood a little further south, near Wil- liam street. The present building which stands on the other side of GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 15 Broad street was begun in 1787, and opened for public worship on the first of January, 1791 ; on its completion the old second church was converted into a court house, for which purpose it was used till 1807. The first attempt to form a school was made in the year 1676. It is surmised that the first schoolmaster was the first pauper also, though this is by no means certain. He was to do his '• faithful, honest and true endeavor to teach the children and servants of such as have subscribed." The building of a corn-mill followed immediately on that of the church. It stood on the north side of First river, or Mill brook ; Belleville avenue after leaving Broad street now passes near the spot. It was finished by Captain Robert Treat and Sergeant Richard Harrison, who agreed to build the mill, keep it in rejDair and furnish a miller for certain emoluments, agreed upon. The millers lot was on the south side of tlie brook. The first saw-mill appears to have been commenced in 1695. In town meeting, November 19th, it was agreed " that Thomas Davis hath liberty to set up a saw-mill, with liberty to have use of timber in any common land, provided he shall let any of the inhabitants have boards as cheap as others, and before strangers." The first poor j)erson it was found necessary to provide for, was Richard Hore. In 1683-4, "John Gardner doth agree with the town, to take Richard Hore into his house (he coming well clothed with a good leathern suit), for two shillings and sixpence a week in money, or pay equivalent." From this period the poor increased with the increase of the town, and it soon became necessary to choose an overseer. The assessment of a town rate for their sup- port commenced in 1719. From 1765 to 1794, with an exception of two or three years, the poor were farmed out. The first year they were bid oft' to Daniel Condit, as the lowest bidder for £159 proc'n money ^ No community can long exist without some legal tribunal by which disputes may be decided. For a number of years there were no courts in the territory of New Jersey, and the people of Newark became a law unto themselves. In June 1667, it was agreed by all the planters and inhabitants, that they should be ruled and governed ])y such magistrates as they should annually choose among themselves. Tlie authority of these selectmen, as they were called, was always cheerfully submitted to. From 1669 to 1672, two courts were held annually, the verdict being by a jury of six men. From 1672 to 1675, four courts were annually held. In that year the whole province was placed under county, and other courts, and the rule of the selectmen terminated. In the early days of the town, as is the case in all primitive set- tlements, barter was mostly resorted to in the payment of accounts. The money of both Holland and England was in use, but little of it found lis way to a settlement so remote. The Lords proprie- tors' halfpenny was paid in kind, and the Indian wampum was the medium of exchange in the their intercourse with the aborigines. For a great many years their domestic life was probably very quiet and peaceful. Doubtless there was many a grassy knoll for friendy 16 GUIDE TO THE CITl' OF NEWARK, lesort in that old town in the olden time; many a happy home Avith its pleasant acres around it; no jealous rivalry, or ambitious schemes', or feverish excitements consumed their lives, but easy and honest laljor tilled up the day, and satisfied all their wants. The restless spirit of Young America, however, by aud-by was broad. "Whereas there is much prophanation of the Lord's day, in the time of worsiiij) by the playing of boys and girls, therefore, Daniel Tichenor and Thomas Lyon are chosen to look after and correct them," Items of this nature came to be frequent in the town records, and notwithstanding the care with which this little com- munity was guarded, the thief and robber began to climb up some other way tlian l^y the door of the sheepfold. The records of Feb- ruary 25th, 1G80, bear this suggestive item. ''To prevent sundry inconveniences which may grow to the town of Newark l^y the in- discriminate receiving and entertaining of strangers among us, it is voted that henceforward, no planter belonging to us, or within our bounds or limits, receive or entertain any man or woman, of what age or quality soever, coming or resorting to us, to settle upon their lands; nor shall any person that hath been, or shall be re- ceived as a planter among us, by right of inheritance, or otherwise, sell, give, or any way, alienate or pass over, lease or let, any house or house lot. or any part or parcel of any of them, or any land of any kind or quality, soevei', to any such person ; nor shall any planter or inheritor permit any such person or persons so coming, to stay or abide, above one month, without license from those the town shall appoint for that purpose, under the penalty of five pounds for every such defect, besides all damages that may grow by such entertainment.'" Of course the people of Newark were obliged to hold frequent intercourse witli the outside world. We must novv turn our atten- tion in that direction, and follow briefly their connection with public afiinrs. The quit rents were regularly provided for, and delegates to the General Assemby aunnally chosen, whether sessions of that body were held or not. Unfortunately, General Assemblies in the early years of the province, were not a success. The first was held at Elizabethtown, in May, 1G68 ; the delegates from New- ark being, Robert Treat and Samuel Swaine, The Governor at- tempted to control its action, adversely to the views and interests of the members and people whose representatives they were, and two sessions during that year, came to a speedy close. For some yeai's the province was governed for the most ])art without assem- blies and without law. Troublous times followed, but Newark was less involved than the other settlements. She cheerfully paid her quit rents, and had her own courts. As an integeral part of the province, however, chc maintained the rights of the settlers under the concessions, and by repeated petitions to the Lords Pro- prietors endeavored to obtained redress. In 1G72, matters resulted in an insunection, the expulsion of the Governor and the substitu- tion of his nephew, James Carteret, At this juncture, Mr, Crane and Lieut, Swaine were chosen to consult with the other represent- atives, as to the safety of the county, but the situation suddenly changed, Charles of England, in conjunction with Louis XIY, of GUIDE TO THE CITT OF NEWARK, 17 France, again declared war against Holland, and the Dutch used the occasion to sieze upon their ancient territory in America. New York surrendered on July 80th, 1674, and the subjugation of New Jersey followed. Yery soon a transfer of alliance to the republic of Holland was demanded of the people of Newark, and it ap- pears that seventy-three took the oath, eleven being absent. They not only submitted to the mild and liberal laws immediately pre- pared by the Dutch, but had repeated transactions with the Gen- erals at New Orange, as New York was for the time called, in re- gard to the aflairs of the town. They obtained a confirmation of their " bought and paid for lands,-' and negotiations about the neck appear to have resulted in such loss as to occasion four years later their sending two letters to Holland, '• one to Anthony Colve and the other to the Court of Admiralty, to seek for reparation for our expense about the neck.'' By the treaty of Westminister, con- cluded February 9th, 1674, Adder Kol, or New Jersey, was restored to England, and Philip Carteret returned as Governor. Meanwhile in March, 1673, Lord Berkeley had sold his title to John Fenwick and Edward Byllinge. This led in 1676, to a division of the province into East and West New Jersey, The eastern portion was retained by Sir George Carteret, over which his brother con- tinued to exercise authority till his death, in 1682. The final relinquishment of the New Netherlands by the United Provinces had scarcely been concluded, when Newark was thrown into confusion b}^ the atrocit'es of Phillip's v/ar in New England. Having many frien- s anoundaries of the town ; regulated the powers of the trustees, and conferred other rights and privileges. It remained in force till 1798. From that period to the Revolution, the town continued steadily to pro- gress. Religious denominations, other than the old chu.ich, were established. Services according to the forms of the Episcopal church were held about the^^ear 1729. The organization of Trinity church was completed about 1733, and other religious bodies came to be demanded by the growing liberality of the town. The first Baptist church was established in 1801. The first Methodist Epis- copal in 1806. The Second Presbyterian in 1808. The first Ro- man Catholic in 1824, and the first 'Dutch Reformed in 1834. The settlement in the Old Church of the Rev. Aaron Burr, in 1736, and the visit of the celebrated preacher Whitefield, were both the occasion of historical occurrences ; a remarkable revival GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 19 of religion having taken place under the latter, while the College of New Jersey took its rise, and was for a time located in Newark, under the former. The first charter for a College was granted by Governor Hamilton, in 174G, and in the following year it was organized in Elizaliethtown, with the Rev. Jonathan Dickinson as president. His death occuring in the same year, the enterprise came to an end, except that a few- of the pupils were removed to New- ark, and placed under the care of Mr. Burr. A new charter for a similar college Avas granted in September, 1748, by Governor Bel- cher, and the institution so well known, as Princeton College, was organized in Newark, with Mr. Burr as president. Its youth was fostered by that most eminent man; he wrote for its use, the Latin Grammar known as the Neimrlc Grammar, and when the proper buildings had been completed at Princeton, he continued in the presidency and accompanied it to that place. The college remain- ed in Newark eight years. On February Cth, 1756, the celebrated xiaron Burr ^'as born in the town, just before his father removed to Princeton. Previous to 1675, there was no direct land route from Newark to New York. Communication, however, had l^een constant between the two places. The Communipau ferry was established in 1661, five years before Newark itself began to be settled, and the inhab- itants found it easy to reach that point. " Upon a report that many are sick of the pox at New York, it is thought fit to prohibit per- sons from frequent going thither, tipon every small occasion^ as formerly.''' This item appears on February 12th, 1678-9. The time had no\\ come when a direct line of communication was re- quired. In 1765, an Act of Assembly was passed authorizing the construction of a road and ferries over the Passaic and Hackensack, to connect with a road previously in existence from Bergen Point to Paulus Hook. This was the only direct road to New York by land for many years. The present plank road follows very nearly the route then constructed. Daring the Revolutionary war, Newark was a heavy sufi'erer; the passage of troops through her streets were frequent, lying as she did on the main road to the celebrated battle fields further south. In November, 1 776, the most gloomy period of the war, Washington with his army of three thousand men, remained here for about a week. The disastrous battle of Long Island had just been fought, and Ne\v York evacuated, and as winter was at hand, he seems to have expected that his worn and exhausted troops could remain for a time at least, undisturbed. On the 28th, however, he was apprised that Cornwallis had crossed the three intervening rivers, and v/as on the west bank of the Passaic. Washington left Newark on the same day it was entered by the English general, marclied to Trenton, crossed the Delawa^'e, and hj a series of bril- liant achievements changed the whole aspect of the war. Corn wallis in his further pursuit of the xVmerican forces, left a strong guard in Newark. His force was billetted on the inhabitants, as Washington's men had also been the week before. The town was frequently the scene of foraging and plundering parties. The most damaging of these attempts took place in February, 1680, 20 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. when it was in imminent clanger of being destroyed. On the evening of the Gth, the enemy taking advantage of the frozen rivers, crossed from New York and wouUl have laid the place in ashes, but for an alarm in the direction of Elizabeth. They burned the academy in which the New Jersey College had been accustomed to meet, and in their retreat carried with them a prominent citizen, Joseph Hedden, Esq. (By the courtesy of a grandson of Mr. Hed- den's, we are enabled to give a correct account of this occurrence. The memorandum furnished us by that gentleman, says : " On the night of February Gth, 1780, the people of Newark were alarmed by the burning of the academy, situated on what is now called Wash- ington Park ; and the same night the English led on by a number of tories from New York, seized one of the most influential citizens, Joseph riedden, Esq., took him from his bed, allowing him to wear only his night clothes, walked him in that condition to New York, by the way of the old ferry road and Paul us Hook, and so across the North river on the ice. They imprisoned him in the sugar house, and kept him confined till the following May, when his limits having mortified and death ])eing inevitable, they sent word to his brothers, David and Simon, to come for him. He died in Newark on the IGtli of June, in the o6th year of his age, and was buried in the old burying ground. The Avriter of this can vouch for its correctness, as he Jiad it from David and Simon. Previous to this incursion, Joseph Hedden, had issued a proclama- tion ordering all those who had fled to New York and joined the English, to remove their families, or to return and protect them, as they were constantly visiting them at night and thereb}- gaining a great deal of information. On their not complying, many of the families were sent to New York.") Newark had tiien only about a thousand inhabitants, and the whole vrar fell heavil}' upon the people, but like the country itself it took a fre&h start at its close, increasing rapidly in importance, population and wealth. New Jersey was the third State to accept the Constitution of the United States. The country being settled and the State assured of a permanent and equal standing among its neighbors, the people of Newark set themselves, to retrieve the disasters of the- war, and to build up those industries in which they have since become so famous. A decade began to add to its popnlation a larger number of inhabitants than a century had done before, and a small, though industrious, and prosperous town began to rise to the dignity of a great city, the mechanical skill of whose people should be known the world over. The l.)uilding of a road to New York and the establishment of ferries in 1765 had contributed very materially to the prosperity of the town. In 1792 a movement for the erection of bridges was commenced. Commissioners' for th.e purpose were appointed, and the first bridges over the Passaic and Hackensack were completed in 1705. In 1798 an Act of the Legislature was passed incorporating the in- habitants of townships throughout the State. In virtue of that act, the people of the township of Newark received a new charter, which took the place of the patent granted bv Queen Anne, iu 1713. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 21 The attitude of the town durhig the war between France and England which followed the Revolution in the fotmer country, may- be gathered from an entry in the town records. xVn injurious policy and repeated insults on the part of France, very nearly drew this country into serious complications with that power, notwithstand- ing all the efforts of Washington and the elder Adams. By that time the people of Newark as tve have seen, had settled down into a peaceful course of industry and were opposed to all measures likely to lead to war. Accordingly, on xlpril 9th, 1798, the people agreed to petition both Houses of Congress, '' To tal<;e some effectual meas- ures to restrain the arming of merchant ships, and that they will not involve the coimtry in an immense increase of debt by institu- ting or augmenting a national maritime force, but avoid l>otli as the best means to prevent being led into war." The good old town entered on the present century in prosperity nnd peace. It was not very populous even yet, but having enter- ed on a career of consolidation and improvement, it continued the good work with praiseworthy zeal. In virtue of a patent granted by the Lords Proprietors of East New Jersey, December 10th, 1696, the public lands and streets had been vested in John Curtis. John Treat, Theophilus Pierson and Robert Young ; but in 1804 by act of the Legislature this trust estate was declared to be invested in the inhabirants of the Township. The property consisted of the Old Burying Ground, Washington Park, Military Park, the Watering Place (sold in 1810), and the Public Streets, as then laid out. Some excitement was caused l)y the war of 1812, In Essex county a draft of every seventh m-in was made A volunteer company of riflemen was also formed, of which Theodore Frelinghuysen took command, and when New York was supposed to be in danger nearly a thousand men from Newark gave active aid in throwing up intrenchments on Brooklyn heights. In 1815 under the provis- ions of au Act to authorize tlie inhabitants of the township of New- ark to build or purchase a poor house, the farm of Aaron John- son was purchased, and in 1818 five acres of land adjoining were bought of Mis. Sarah Brunt. This property is known as the Poor- House Farm. When the new alms-house was erected in 1845 the farm house and about twenty acres on the west side of the Eliz- abeth road were sold. In 1823 by Act, certain further property was vested in the townshii^ of which there still remains Orange Park, Loml)ardy Park, portions of Lincoln Park, and parts of Washington. Market and Mulberry street. On the Fourth of July, 1826, fifty years after the United States declared their Independence, the people of Newark held a jubilee in commemoration of that event. On the 11th of the same month they again assembled at the flag-staft' to mourn the death of John Adams and Thomas Jefterson, both of which had occurred during the few days that intervened. The proceedings in both cases were very interesting, and were preserved in a now rare pamphlet, pub- lished at the time l)y M. Lyons & Co. On the fourth, the erection of a monument, to perpetuate the commemoration with its inci- dents was contemplated ; the design was made and the foundation stone with an appropriate inscription actually laid on the occasion, 22 GUIDE TO TUE CITY OF NEWAKK. but the monument was never finished. At that tune there were still in- tOAvn, one hundred and sixt3'-one inhabitants who were alive during the war of Independence, fifty-six of whom had been engaged in the Revolutionary service. The Fourth was ushered in wiUithe usual roar of cannon, followed by a concert of horns, and at sunrise the bells rang a merry peal. The procession to lay the foundation stone of the monument was composed of the military, all the trades in the town and " the heroes of '7G, under the com- mand of Obadiah Meeker, a very respectable veteran of about 87 years of age." (To the kindness of a descendant of this veteran we are indebted for the pamphlet containing this account.) A census of the Town was also taken at this time, by Isaac Nichols, assessor. The population was 8,017 ; of these 7,237 were within, and 780 outside the township. There were 491 colored people. Slavery had not yet entirely ceased in New Jersey. By an Act passed in February. 1804-, all children of slave parents born after the fourth of July of that year, were declared free; but all those who had the misfortune to be bora previous to that date, were still in bondage, and accordingly we find sixteen male and fifteen female slaves for life. The town plot contained eight hundred and forty- four houses; two hundred and seven mechanics' shops; five pub- lic landings ; three lumber yards, and four quarries. There were eight churches, three of them Presbyterian, one Episcopalian, one Baptist, one IMethodist, one Roman Catholic, and one African. There were also nine clergymen, ten physicans, eighty-one farmers, fourteen lawyers, sixteen school-teachers, thirty-four merchants and five druggists. One schooner and eight sloops traded from the city ; the schooner was in the North river trade ; seven of the sloops sailed to New York, and one to the soutli. Statistics of trades aud manufacturers then existing, find a more appropriate place in our article on manufacturers. This period is within the remem- brance of many now living, but what a vast difi'erence in every feature does our city now preseut. It would be impossible in the limited space of a Hand Book to particularize a tithe of the events which have occurred, or the iai- provements which have been made during the i^ast half century. The opening of the Morris Canal in 1837, the New Jersey Railroad in 183-1-, the Morris and Essex in 1835, and the numerous other lines that have been built ; the introduction of Gas, Steam Fire Engines, Telegraph Lines and Street Railnads; the introduction and increase of Public Schools, Banks, Insurance Companies aud Savings Institutions; the extension of Docks and Wharves; a comprehensive system of Sewerage, and a systematic plan i'or the opening and grading of streets, avenues aud roads, have revolu- tionized the entire aspect of the city. Its growth in every depart- ment during the same period has been something wonderful. The, immense variety of its manufacturers are noticed in their appro- priate place ; but there has arisen also an amazing increase of its population. From 1830 to '40, we added to our numbers 'only G,207; but from 1840 to '50, the increase rose to 21,602, from 1850 to 'GO, to 33,047, and during the last decade to 35,768, that is about 70 persons added to our permanent population every week. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 23 In 1836 the City was i.'icorporated by the name of the "Mayor and Common Council of the City of Newark." In April of that year the city n^overnmet was duly organized: William Halsey being the first Mayor. By the act of incorporation the city was divided into four wards (as the township had also been since 1833), known iis the north, south, east and west wards; each ward was em- l^owered to elect four Aldermen as members of Common Coun- cil. In 1848 a fifth ward was added to city, and the Aldermen divided into two classes, tvvo to be elected annually in each ward for a period of two years. In I80I the sixth and seventh wards were created, the Aldermen l)eing divided into two classes, and thereafter only one to be elected annually, an aivangement which still remains. In 1853 the eighth ward was created ; in 1854 the ninth, and 1856 the tenth and eleventh. In 1857 to amend some defects in the practical working of the city government, a new charter, as drawn up by a joint committee of the citizens and mem- bers of (common council, was granted by the legislature, by virtue of which the present city government exists. On the 17th of May, 1866, there was held a Bi-Centennial cele- bration of the settlement of Newark. The movement originated with the New Jersey Historical Society, by whose invitation the city authorities co-operated. Arrangements were made for a pro- cession and parade, but the v/eather proving stormy and unpropi- tious, the out-door proceedings vrere marred to some extent. The arrangements of the Historical Society, however, as provided for by previous resolutions, resulted in a series of most interesting proceedings, of a directly commemorative character. At two o'clock, P. M., die members of the Society with invited guests, proceeded from their rooms to the First Presbyterian church, where a large congregation had already assembled. The chair was taken by John Rutherford, Esq., and the platform was decorated in a man- ner worthy of the occasion. Besides many of the clergy of the city, there were Hon. Marcus L. Ward, Governor of the State and Staff, Thos. B. Peddle, Esq., Mayor of the city, the Hon. George Bancroft, and representatives from kindred Historical and Antiqua- rian Societies from the State of New York, Pennsylvania, Connecti- cut, Massachusetts, &c., &c. The exercises were commenced by an appropriate prayer by the Rev. Dr. Stearns, followed by an ode written for the occasion l)y Dr. Abraham Coles, which was sung by the audience ; a historial resume of the settlement of the city by W. A. Whitehead, Esq., a lyrical poem by Thomas Ward, M. D., and an oration by the Hon. AVilliam B. Kinney. In the evening the room of the Society, and the adjoining room of St. John's Lodge were thrown open and a large company closed the festive occasion with music and dancing. The events of the late domestic war are still fresh in the recollec- tion of all our people. The first call for troops, the clothing of the first regiment, the enthusiasm of the citizens, the liberality of the banks, the appointment of Brigadier General Theodore Ruuyan, and the arrival at Washington of three thousand Jerseymen, fully equipped and armed, when as yet the Capital had seen no arrivals, but such as were without arms or equipments of any kind. 34 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. Throughout the war there were no troops more highly praised, or more deserving of praise than those wlio marched from Newark. The discipline of the men and the heroism in the field was only equallefl l>y the undaunted bravery of its officers. .They contributed very largely to that character for bravery which distinguished the New Jersey troops throughout the war. Then at home how gen- eral were the solicitude and symi)athy which soothed the wounded on their return, and helped the sufferers of other (States on their homeward way. From every one they met with encouragement and help. Noljle instances were numerous. Marcus L. Ward abandoned a lucrative business and gave all his time and care to the soldier and his family. Ilewes & Phillips furnished all their workmen who enlisted with blankets and revolver, allowed their wages during their entire term of service, and guaranteed them work on their return. The whole medical faculty gave their time and assistance gratuitously at the liospital ; the women nursed the wounded, jjrovided every delicacy and gave to all that loving and tender care that only woman can bestow. Nursing and care were sometimes in vain ; the graves are green and the headstones numer- ous, beneath tlie tall monument sacred to their men^ory in Fairmont cemetery. Of all her past history, and that which her people are weaving into its texture now, Newark has reason to be proud. There is no stain upon the record ; the same honesty and integrity that mark- ed the early Puritan setters mark her people now ; the same in- dustry, the same love of law and order, the same desire for churches and schools, as a means of prosperity and happiness. When we see, as we do everywhere around us, superadded to these a greater amount of enterprise, and a wider and more catholic spirit, we may look for and exxDect a future that will ecjual our highest ex- 23ectations, and more tliau eclipse the past. •:o:- ITS SITUATIOlN^ AND EXTENT. The beautiful and enterprising city whose history we have briefly sketched, is the cnpital of Essex county, New Jersey, and is sit- uated on the west bank of the Passaic river, nine miles from New York, fifty-nine from Trenton, the capital of the State, seventj'- eight from Philadelphia, and two hundred and sixteen miles from the City of Washington, in latitude 40° 44' north, longitude 74° 10' west. A. finer site f«'r a city cannot well be imagined. East- ward it runs down to wide and level meadows that stretch like prairies to the far distance, traversed by the glittering waters of the Passaic, the Hackensack and Newark Bay, and sheltered by Bergen heights beyond. Westward it rises into beautiful hills, from which views are had of a country rich in towns, vil- lages and fiirms. A wide sweep of the Passaic coming down from GU1D3 TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 35 tlie north, f'H'iiis a semicircle on the east, and like a huge C holds Harrison, or East Newark in its arms, while ISTewark itselt clusters around the outer rim and stretches away in plain and hill for miles on every hand. The appro tchesf fo the city are unusually attractive, whether from the north, alonc^ thn banks of the liver, by way of the Newark and Paterson railroad, or from th*- west through tiie Orange valley, by the Morris and Essex, or from the south, along the verge of the mea.lows i)y t'le New Jersey road, or from the east by the Newark and New Y'>ik find other lines. From the last direc- tion, a delightful view o( the city and its surroundings is obtained. Emerging from the deep cuts, or tunnel through Bergen Hill, the wide panorama breaks at once upon the view. On all sides an ex- tensive plain rises into swelling uplands, bounded like an amphi- theatre, by a low line of hazy hills. Snake hill rises abruptly from the pUin, the two rivers wind like silver threads through the green vale, the snowy sail of many vessels gleam athwart the glittering waters of the oay, wreaths of smoke and steam mark the various lines of rail that traverse the valley, and long lines of wagons witii slower movement, mark the roads. Approaching from the bay also, the traveler is delighted with the noble prospect. The level plain formed l>y the meadows gives to the eye an uninterrupted view of the long sweep of sloping hills that stretch towards Elizabeth, and an excellent idea of the general characterists of the whole district. From the steamers' deck he can watch at leisure the ever champing scenes, and carry with him one of those glimpses which he can recall with pleasure in the years to come. The nature of the ground on which the city stands, is the sandy soil peculiar to New Jersey and the hills on vrhich the western portion is built, is composed of brown freestone, called Belleville freestone^ well adapted for build- ing and other purposes. Parts of these hills are known as the '"Quarries," from which the stone for rrost of our tine private and business houses is obtained. From the low grounds formed by the meadows, intermittent fevers sometimes arise, l)ut as a rule the city is healthy and the rate of mortality low. In consequence of judicious improvement and drainage, the climate is every year be- coming more moderate and salubrious. The formation of the ground, also, together with broad streets and ample house lots, usually 25 by 100 feet, gives ^cope for the free circulation of whol- some air, and the best of water is supplied by aqueducts and wells. From all these causes it may be pronounced ^s healthy and agree- able as any city in the United States. The circumference of the city is about sixteen miles ; the length from north to south, five and a half, and the breadth ifrom east to west, five miles. The whole area contains nearly thirteen thousand acres. The original foun^iation of the town, and as defined by Queen Anne's charter in 1713, were much more extensive than this. The township extended to third river, beyond Belleville on the north, and to the top of the Orange mountain on the west, about co-oqual in short with the present county. Within the last eighty years this territory has been grad- ually reduced by the erection from time to time of other townships, and parts of townships. Springfield in 1793, Caldwell in 1798, Orange in 180G and Bloomfield, including Belleville in 1812. Now 3* 26 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. again the tide has turned, the city has begun to expand and is destined to re-absord all its old territory, and possibly very much more. The suburbs know no stop, till Orange is reached upon the west —they stretch within a mile of Elizabeth on the south. Clinton iiears Irvington on the south- -vest, Woodside enters Belle- ville on the north, and East Newark is but an eruption of our peo- ple across the river. All these some time or other, are destined to be invaded and absorbed. Nor is this all; at this moment a move- ment is on foot looking to the incorporation of a city, to include the whole county of Hudson and Essex, together with the cities of Elizabeth and Paterson, and several townships besides. We are not of those who look upon this as a " consummation devoutly to be wished," at once ; but unquestionably the time will come when something like it will take place, ancl then New^ark being the largest, the wealthiest and most central, must give its name to the consolidated town. In population, Newark ranks as the thirteenth city in the United States. The increase during the present century is as follows : 1810 4,838 1850 38,894 1820 0,507 18G0 71,941 1830 10,953 1870 105,541 1840 ..17,2G0 The foreign element numl^ers 35,884. From Great Britain the census of 1870 shows, 17.455 ; born as follow^s : in England, 4,041 ; Ireland, 12,481 ; Scotland, 870 ; Wales, 64. The Cxerman popula- tion born abroad, numbers, 15,873, distributed as follows : Baden, 3,111; Bavaria, 2,473; Brunswick, 9 ; Hamburg, 69; Hanover, 363; Hesse, 1,891; Lnbeck, 2 ; Mecklenberg, 81; Nassau, 75; Oldenburg, 15 ; Prussia, 2,788 ; Saxony, 1,010^ Weimar, 27 : Wur- temberg, 2,402 ; not specified, 1,557. ITS STREETS AND BUILDINGS. The streets of Newark are laid out with much regularity. A few, perhaps, excepted, in the central part of the city, and a few that take their shape from the nature of the ground they traverse. In the olden time, the square block for street architecture was not in order; the course of a river or brook the l)est line tor a road, or the natural foundation of the ground being taken into considera- tion, rather than regular squares approximating to each other in size, and running exactly at right angles. In Newark, the river and the ancient reservations gave direction and character to some of the streets which they still retain. There are a few, also, incon- veniently narrow, looking as if they had been planned at a period when cleanliness and frcsli air were not classified as luxuries ; but in GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 27 our day streets are laid out, graded aud finished on a comprehen- sive and systematic phin, and in consequence are gradually assum- ing great beauty and regularity. One delightful feature they all possess, tliey are adorned with magnificent elms and other shade trees, sturdy denizens of tlie forest, with strong limbs and a wealth of leafy branches, over and through which the houses and churches tower and peep in the most charming way imaginable. In street architecture, thii city is rapidly improving. For a long period in its history, Newark was not a handsome town, architectually con- sidered. If we look for the dwellings and business houses of the past, Ave -find them low and small; the unambitious homes and shops of a thrifty people, side by side with these the growing- prosperity of later years is observable in larger and. more substan- tial, but still plain buildings. The architecture of our day is very different. Every where now the eye is attracted and charmed by elegant and costly structures. Stately homes and magnificent merchant palaces tell us more plainly than words can speak, that the period of wealth and taste has come to us at last. Our citizens are ftimiliar with the aspect of their home, but a brief description of two or three of our central streets may be of use to the stranger. Arriving by the Newark and New York rail- road, we leave the very handsome and commodious depot.of that line and find ourselves in Broad street. This is the recognized centre of the trade and commerce of the city, and a glance only is needed to enable us to pronounce it one of the most elegeut business streets in the United States. It is one hundred and thirtj^-two feet wide and traverses the city from north to south, throughout nearly its entire length. It has many handsome cut stone aud marble build- ings, elegant and busy stores, and is full of bustle and activity. It skirts tliree Parks in its progress, Washington and Mditary Parks near its centre, and Lincoln Park near its southern end. It is adorned besides with those noble old trees we have already spoken of, and the long vista presented in both directions, is striking and beautiful. To the left, south v/ard, Broad street has been, and still is, largely devoted to private dwellings, but the inexorable aud ever growing demands of trade are gradually encroaching on these. On the corner of William street, opposite and a little below the depot, is the City Hall, containing the Maj-or's office and other Municipal oflSces, and Board rooms. The headquarters of the Police Depart- ment, in a sui)stantial brick building in William street, in the rear. About a square further south is the Third Presbyterian Church, built in 1834, and repaired in 1870. Opposite is the handsome iron building of Mr. George Peters. On the south-west cor- ner of Broad and Hill, is the site of the old south loard hotel, whose demolition a few months ago gave rise to some interesting reminis- cences, published in the Baili/ Advertiser. At Walnut street we find Grace Church, ivy clad, and with innumerable birds twittering among the leaves. At Marshall street, St. Paul's Methodist Epis- copal, and at the corner of Clinton avenue, the South Park Presby- terian. From this point, with Lincoln Park on the right, Broad strei^t stretches southward half a mile or more till it is intersected 28 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. by the New Jersey railroad, and enters upon the meadows. Clinton avenue turns to the right and skirting the northern side of the Park, runs westward. It is also a broad and spacious street, with elegant private residences. Facing the Park the tasteful building of the Clinton avenue Reformed Church, vras recently erected at a cost of $150,000. A few squares further, at the foot of the liill above, is the depot of the Broad street line of Street Cars, at which point several streets branch off, Clinton avenue running up the hill to Clinton, and Elizabeth avenue stretching southward towards Elizabeth. On the latter avenue a short distance bolow, is the Ahns House and farm. The whole of this southern portion of the city^inclnding the streets leading right and left from Broad and Clinton avenue, is to be noted for comfortable and elegant dwellings, and for the varied and classic beauty of the churches. A promenade in this direction is a ])leasant one at all times. To the north of the depot. Broad street is the linest business part of the city. Tire majority of the buildings towards Military Park erected of late years, have no superiors for architectural beauty anywhere. They ai'e mostly of iron and brown stone, massive, imijosing, and of elegant designs. On our right hand, in its quiet lot, detatched fi-oni all other buildings, is the P'irst Presbyterian Church, with its fine old trees in front, and its veneral)le grave- yard in the I'ear, and opposite, is the entrance to the still older burying ground of the first settlers. Immediately adjoining, on the corner of Mechanic street, is the exquisitely chaste and beairtiful structure of the State Bank, and on the other corner the handsome block of the Newark Savings Institution. On the north-east cor- ner of IMarket, a new building is in pi'ocess of erection for the First National Bank. It is designed to be four stories in Ireight, with a Mansard roof, and ci-ow^ned with towers oir the three prin- cipal corners. The eye is next attracted by the ISIerchants Mutual Insui-ance Building, followed by the Mechanics' National Bank, the fine iron front of the Merchants and Manufacturers, and on either corner of Clinton street, the Newark City Nation-rd Bank, and the superb block of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Com- 13any. These again are succeeded by the American Mutual Fire, the Centre Market Building, and others, ending to the right among the quiet and elegant i-esidences that line the eastern side of Military Park. On the left many of the Iruildings ai-e equally fine. On the cor- ner of Bank street is the beautiful building of the National New^ark Banking Company ; on the upper floors of which are the rooms of the Board of Trade, and the Historical Society of New Jei-sey, both elegantly lodged, as they deserve to be. Following in succession, are the buildings of the Firemens' Mutual Insurance Company, the Essex County National Bank, the Dime Savings Institution, the Newark Mutual Insui-ance Compairy ; and, with its spacious front,on the north side of Academy street, the solid and imposing block built by the general government, for a Post Ofiice and Custom House, In Academy street itself, inrmediately adjoining, is the very beautiful house of worship of the First Baptist Church, and a squai'c further west on the corner of Ilalsey and Academy streets, the office of the Chief Engineer of the Newark Fire Department; GUIBE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 29 ill the rear of that buikliug is the Bell Tower, uiiie stories in height, open on all sides and having an iron stairway winding to the top. To this point all the wires of the fire alarm telegraph converge, and the deep tones of the bell ring out when the ever watchful lines wliisper the warning of a coming fire. Immediately after passing the post office. Broad street crosses the Morris Canal, which at this point runs under the street. It is visible only on the left hand, the right being bridged, over and covered by the long and narrow, but well kept Centre Market. We have now on our right, the green sward and stately trees of Military Park. Passing the elegant iron front of Corey & Stewart's building, we find the Mechan- ics' National Bank on the corner of Cedar street, the excellent Read- ing and lecture rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association on West Park street, and within the Park enclosure, a little further on, Trinity Church. Here with Nesbit on the west and Fulton on the east, Broad street trends more directly northward with still excellent business houses for many squares. Washington Park lies on the left, the North Reformed Church on the right and several squares further on, we cross the track of the Jlorris and Essex Railroad, with its depot close by. Here on Broad, and the adjoining streets, some excellent business blocks have of late years been erected. The Continental Hotel, Klotz's and Rhodes' buildings, and others. To the north of State street is the House of Prayer, and within a few squares the stone bridge winch crosses Mill brook, the first river of the olden time. This was the bt)undary line of the tow^n lots to the first settlement northward ; on the left were the old mill and the miller's lot. At this point Belleville avenue turns to the left, and Broad street continues about eight squares further when it is terminated byMt. Pleasant Cemetery. Belleville avenue is a broad and pleasant thoroughfare, and being entirely unob- structed, the tide of travel takes that direction. A few squares forward it crosses Fourth avenue, which leads to the depot of the Newark and Paterson line of Railroad, and some distance further jDasses the gate of Mt. Pleasant Cemetrey, and continues through Woodside to Belleville. Another view of the city demands attention. Leaving the cars of the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company at Market street depot, the stranger is in the centre of the second business street of the city. To the lefr. Market street leads to Broad, with its hotels, banks, and stores. To the right, it traverses the ridge of elevated ground between the river and the meadows, called the neck. Of course eastward leading out of, rather than into the city, it is not of much interest; it is the centre nevertheless of many of our largest manufacturing establishments, and is the line of an enormous trafic by express and other business wagons to New York. Market street as a great business centre, is increasing rapidly. The fine four-story iron block opposite the station, recently built by Mr. A. C. Wheaton, at a cost of over $100,000, is a specimen of what it is destined to become. AYestward it is not only a busy wholesale and retail street, but a great proportion of its large and excellent buildings are also devoted to manufactures. Almost the first place that attracts attention in passing, is the depot of the Newark and 30 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK, Orange Horse Railway CoiDpauy. From this point, fabulous nuni- l)ers of street cars traverse the city, and run beyond its limits to Irvington, Orange, Bloomfield and Belleville. From early morning till midnight, almost every minute has its arrival and departure. Passing Ailing, Ward and Lawrence streets vvc come to Mulberry, one of the original streets of the town. It is also becoming a business centre, and has man} manufactories. Above it on the right, is the very haadsome building of the Central IMethodist Episcopal Church, built in 1850, and just beyond, the First Reformed Dutch Church, erected in 1834, and re-modeled in in 1857, On the other side succeeding each other, are the Comp- tm building, the Cantield building, and the beautiful marble front of Passmore and Mcekers'. Crossing Broad street, we have the Library Building and Hall on the right, and the Opera House at the corner of Church street on the left. The other corner of Church street is graced by the elegant iron front building of ex-Mayor T, B. Peddie, having his mammoth trunk manufactory in the rear. Passing Plane and Washington streets, a great leather and morocco manufacturing centre, market street terminates just beyond the Court House. From the rear and side of the Court House, other streets radiate and surmount the hill ; of these, Springfield avenue run- ning south-Y\'-est, has a very large traffic to Irvington, Springfield, Milford, and other towns in that direction. The streets noted for beautiful private residences are numerous. Those alongside, or leading from our Parks are o()servable for their quiet elegance. Numberless other avenues and streets, and almost the entire suburbs attract the eye of the stranger, as much by the taste displayed in the buildings as by the beauty and neatness of the lots ; the very exteriors convey a sense of comfort and refine- ment. The great beauty of most, as we have just indicated, lies in the garden plots and lawns by which they are surrounded. Tliey are carefully planted, kept with infinite neatness, and are, in sum- mer filled with the perfume of flowers and the hum of bees. The southern part of High street extending from the Court House to Clinton avenue, may be instanced as indicative of the improvement going on in the city. It has just be>n admirably finished with a roadway of Telford pavement. The houses on either side are handsome detached villas, and the glimpses eastward through the shade trees and shrubbery are exquisite. No one can traverse ihe streets of Newark without being struck with the recurrence of factories, and buildings devoted to man- ufactures ; these are so numerous and present such marked features that this sketch would be incomplete without a notice of tlie fact. You meet with sucii buildings everywhere. Sometimes it is a long, low structure, with a huge chimney, then an immense square pile, with some hundreds of windows ; then it is a square or three sides of a square, the centre full of dehris ; the buildings all around, three, four, and five stories in height, having long outside stair- ways, like inclined planes, leading upward from story to story to the to}), each landing a manufactory or more, and the machinery for the whole driven by one enormous power; anon it is a court- ■way or narrow entrance to the rear of stores or other buildings. GUIDE TO THE CITT OF NEWARK. 31 •within you have the same thing repeated ; it is lined and tilled with active industry and the whirr ol the saw^ and the clang of the hammer is heard on all sides. Then again there are whole streets presenting all these featurts combined. Scores of the establish- ments employ each many hundreds of hands, the comfort and wealth from all of them is of course enormous. The title of the city to its public streets and highways is derived from various sources ; by the original grant from the proprietors, by laying out and opening according to law, and by purchase under the provisions of the city charter, or by acts of the legisla- ture. Besides these owners of lands have dedicated many streets, by selling lots fronting on them and having them duly surveyed and recorded, and others have been ceded by road and turnpike companies ; these are generally such portions of county roads as- lie within the limits of the city. There are very many miles of streets opened, one hundred and thirteen miles being improved, eightlj^-four and a half graded^ and twenty-nine paved. During the year 1871, nearly eight mile& were graded, one and a third paved, and ten aud a quarter curbed. Many more miles are under contract for the current year. By an act of the Senate General Assembly jDassed in 18G7, Common Council were authorized to appoint live Commissioners to lay out streets, avenues, and public squares. The policy of the authorities is, to open as soon as practicable, all streets laid out by the Com- missioners so as to acquire the lands and real estate necessary before improvements have enhanced their value. •:o;- PAEKS AND SQUAEES. When the first inhabitants of Newark purchased the lands of the native Indians, and apportioned the town and other lots, they reserved certain tracts for public purposes. Most of these still exist, to adorn and beautify the city. Apart from such as were de- voted to graveyards and for church purposes, the princijDal reser- vations were the training place, the market place, and the water- ing place. The watering place which lay at the head of Market street was sold in 1810, but the training place remains as Military Park, tlie market place as Washington Park, and other small reservations enclosed and imjiroved, are scattered throughout the city. These Parks have by no means come down to us sheltered and shaded as they are now. A space designed as a training place, would naturally be cleared by the first seUlers, and the v/atering places to some extent also. It is certain there were feW' or no trees on Military Park at the revolution. The magnificent appearance presented by the elms of our day are the growth of something less than a century. Lincoln Park is a creation of late years. It o:i GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. is the design of Common Council to have fountains placed in three of the principal Parks, wliich, when completed, will add much to their beaut}'. ITanoveu Pakk is a small but very neat triangular reservation, at the intersection of Pennsylvania and Sherman avenues. Lincoln Park, formerly called JSoicth Park, lies on the Avest side of Broad street, south of Clinton avenue. It is triangular in form and contairxS live acres of ground. With the exception of a small portion previously belonging to the city, it was purchased and laid out by Common Council in 1850, at an exi^ense of over $30,000. Lincoln Park occupies one of the most beautiful situations in the city. It has not as yet the sylvan avenues or cool shade of the older grounds, but it is well kept and neatly enclosed. The borders of its green sward has an abundance of comfortable seats, and it is crossed by well flagged walks. Its beauty as a Park is much heightened by the elegant residences on Broad street and Clinton avenue, l)y other w^ell shaded avenues and streets diverging on all sides, and by the several tine churches in its vicinity. Lombard Y Park is a small reservation of two-third acres, be- tween Broad street and thc^Viver, bounded by Front, South, Bridge, and Lombardy streets. Military Park, the largest and finest in the city, lies on the east side of Broad siieet, very near its centre, and in its busiest part. In form it is an irregular triangle, contains G.15 acres, and is handsomely enclosed by an iron railing. Just south of the Park, and opposite the Post Office, the eastern line of Broad street trends obliquely to the right, forming a triangle of the street itself, with Centre Market on the right and the Morris Canal passing un- derneath. This is the liriy market, an eyesore, soon to be removed. The oblique line of the street on the right, with the enclosure of the Park on the left, extending the entire length of the grounds, forms a retired and elegant street, called Park Place. The south- ern angle of the Park is squared sufficiently to admit of two entrance gateways, supported by four neat iron pillars, and having the "flag-staft'" within. The salient features as presented from this point, are four avenues of magnificent elms diverging and stretching to the north, the whole fully visible at a glance. Two of these avenues are formed by the streets on either hand, and two are within the Park itself The long vistas, with the giant limbs and branches of the trees, arched and interlacing over head forms a most agreeable picture. It would be difficult indeed to find anywhere in such a densly populated centre a more bright or cheer- ful spot. In the middle of the Park an opening is reserved for the evolutions of the military and firing of salutes; the other portions are tastefully planted, the walks fiagged, seats conveniently placed and lamps provided to light the grounds at night. We must not forget the English s])arrows, of which there are now a large num- ber. They are bright little fellows, very tame and much at home amid the roar of the street. They are sheltered by neat homes among the branches and in the clefts of the trees. Near the north- ern extremity of the Park, facing Broad street, Trinity Church stands just within the enclosure of the ground. You do not feel GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 33 its presence to be an intrusion by any means, but rather the con- trary, and the clock in its tall spire is a most convenient adjunct. Beyond the church, Rector streets cuts off a small triangular sec- tion from the extreme northern point which, with its surroundings and a tine old tree in the centre, form a most agreeable termination to the Park. Oraxge Park is another triangular reservation, giving a pleas- ant breathing place to Orange and High street, and Orange Place. School House Park is a small enclosure between Clinton avenue, Washington and SjDruce, and looks like a part of Lincoln Park. It is however much older, and takes its name from the south school house, which stood here at the beginning of the century. It has a neat fountain in the centre, and is very delightfully shaded. Washington Park lies on the west side of Broad street, a short distance north of Military Park, which it rivals both in antiquity and beauty. It is triangular also, as all the old reservations were. Its shade trees, walks and seats are uniform with Military and Lincoln Park. It has a flag-staff erected at its northern point and the surrounding streets have the same quiet elegance which mark the others we have noted. The people of almost every city regret, when its population has become dense audits lands valuable, that they did not earlier secure ample grounds for public recreation. The Parks of Newark above noticed are all very pleasing, and some of them full of historic recollections, but they are too few and too soiall for our growing population. There is now, however, a movement for one or more large Parks, which we trust will soon result in something worthy the rapid growth of the city. HOTELS. The city directory gives a list of al)out twenty Hotels, of all grades, biit in none of them can we boast either of great size or of architectural beauty. There are, however, some of them well kept and commodious. Amongst these, the Continental, the Park House, and the Newark Hotel may be mentioned. The Continental is on Broad street, close to the depot of the Morris and Essex rail- road, the Newark beside that of the New Jersey line, on Market street, and the Park Hotel, recently refurnishecf and enlarged, is located in Park Place, close to the Centre Market and at the south- ern eud of Military Park. ■:o: MAEKETS. Of these, Centre Market is the largest and most important. It is built on the east side of Broad street, over the course of the Morris Canal, and at the southern end of Military Park. It is a 4 34 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK, long narrow building extending from the easterly side of Broad to the westerly side of Mulberry with a clock tower over the Broad street entrance, and a large and convenient place for vegetables and wagons, towards Commerce street. It is stored with all the good tilings usually found under the roof of a market in such an excel- lent agricultural State as that of New Jersey. In beef and other meats, fowl, game, fruit, and vegetables, in the products of the dairy, and tlie spoils of the river and the sea, it cannot easily be surpassed. The building being erected on the canal, the city entered into articles ol agreement with the Morris Canal and Bank- ing Company in October, 1852, which in consideration of the l^rivilege of building, provided that the city should '' maintain, sustain, and keep in good order and repair, all and every of the bridges that have been erected by the said Morris Canal and Bank- ing Company, over the canal witnin the bounds or territorial limits of the city." Those portions of the Market lying outside, called Centre Market place, were purchased by the Mayor and Common Council, partly in 1836 and partly in 1852, at a cost of over $50,000. The New Market on the north-west corner of Plane and Orange streets, was built by Mr. Fuller and opened in October, 18T0. It is a very neat and well kept market. The basement is rented for stores and storage, and the market is always filled with •' all the delicacies of the season." Besides these, the city in every part is well supplied with meat and produce stores. -;o: AMUSEMENTS. in the matter of amusements, the people of Newark have all the advantages of the citizens of New York. The theatres, concert Jialls, and lecture rooms of that city being reached by our people every quarter of an hour or so in a pleasant run of thirty minutes by rail. Conveniences for return are also ample, three lines of railroad leave New York for Newark up to midnight, stopping on llieir arrival in seven different parts of the city so that the facilities for reaching home comfortably, are quite equal to those enjoyed by the people of New York itself, through the medium of the horse cars on their own streets. In addition to these, Newark has its own sources of amusement. First of these is : The Newark Opera House, wdiich is situated on the south east corner of ]\Iarket and Church streets. It is a substantial brick building, two stories in height, the front grained and painted in imitation of marble. The entrance and box office is on Market street, with a neat store on the one side and the hose house of the Neptune Hose Company upon the other. The Theatre proper is in the rear. It is comfortable, commodious and well arranged. It has a large stage 50 by 40 feet, entirely adequate for performances of all kinds, and is capable of seating twelve hundred persons. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 35 The seats in the auditorium slope backward from the orchestra, with roomy and comfortable folding opera chairs in front and a hand- some gallery above. For hearing and seeing, there is not a poor seat in the "^ house. The decorations are in good taste, and the scenery, of much artistic merit, is so complete as to be superior to most "theatres out of New York. There is no regular dramatic company, but the Opera House is never without a succession of star companies, and in this way the citizens generally enjoy better acting than under a permanent management. New pieces, and new faces, favorite actors, and operatic celebrities, give a ceaseless variety and zest to the entertainments. There are in Newark some Very excellent Amateur Dramatic Associations, an many favorite vocalists and instrumental performers whose appearance on the boards of the Opera House are always welcome. Its doors are ever open also for entertainments in aid of charitable and other praise-worthy objects, and very frequently, through the courtesy and open liearted liberality of the proprietor, Mr. H. B. Kimball, its use on these occasions is gratuitous. The Opera House is in short, a favorite resort of the people of Newark, as it deserves to be, LiRRARY Hall, is the large hall of the Newark Library Com- pany, and is situated on the first floor of an addition to the Library Building in Market street, above Broad, and almost opposite the Opera House. Its internal appearance is quite elegant, and when lighted up there is that sense of comfort about it that a concert or lecture room ought always to have. It seats comfortably over 700 persons, and its acoustic properties are acknowledged to be of the most superior kind. It is occupied almost constantly during the season for lectures, concerts and exhibitions. The Skating Rink, is a very large corrugated iron building on Washington street, at the corner of Marshall. It was originally built four years ago for ice skating, but having been floored over has been in use recently for roller skating. The building is 177 feet long by 122 broad, with an arched roof, and square tower and flag-statt' on the front centre. Its immense floor is surrounded with a raised platform and upper gallery, both running entirely round the building. There are ante-rooms for ladies and gentlemen, also on the north side. During the season, with a gay crowd of visitors, and three hundred and fifty skaters at once upon the floor, the Rink presents an exhilarating sight. The Rink is to be used in the month of August next, for the First Annual Exhibition of New- ark Industries, of which a notice is made in its appropriate place. Apollo Hall, 838 Broad street. Dramatic Hall, 273 and 275 Broad street, Oraton Hall, 496 Broad street. Turn Halle, 301 Plane street, are all much used for dancing parties and balls, and sometimes also for exhibitions, lectures and other entertainments. Readings, con- •certs, and lectures are frequent also, under the auspices of the Clayonian Society, the Young Men's Christian Association and in the churches. 30 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. STEEET IIAILEOADS. The Horse Car routes of Newark are quite numerous, and well conducted. Perhaps to no single cause is the suburban growth of a city more indebted than to its Street Railways; in whatever direction they penetrate it is sure to extend. Of course it becomes important to foster and encourage such convenient agents of pro- gression. As a general thing, the directors of the various compa- nies so regulate the supply of cars in their own interests as to accommodate all the travelling public. ]Most money can be made by watching carefully, and supplying promptly the demands of travel at all hours. The routes are prudently arranged for the accommodation of the more populous districts in their travel to the centre of the city. The first movement looking to the erection of Horse Railroads in the city, was the passage of an act by the legislature, incorpor- ating the " Orange and Newark Horse Car Railroad Company," approved, March 15th, 1859. The corporators were, William Pier- son, Benjamin F. Barrett, James Tripp, Jaiiies R. Gilmore, Lowell Mason, Jr., Ira M. Harrison, Nehemiah Perry, Martin R. Dennis, and John C. Denman, with a capital stock of $100,000, and pow- er to increase. In the following year the rights of the city were amply guaranteed by a " supplement to an act to revise and amend the charter of the city of Newark." It was provided that no rail- road should be constructed within the city limits, without the jDcr- mission of the Common Council, and, that that consent should not be given even by the Council, "until a majority of the owners of the lands in front of any such railroad, and along which the same may be intended to run, or be constructed, shall first consent in writing, to the laying and construction thereof." By this supple- mentary act, also, the railroads were made subject to police regula- tions By ordinance of Common Council, approved, August 18th, 1859, the construction and running of Hor?e Railroads, was defi- nitely regulated. After laying their tracks in accordance with the provisions of their charter and the requirements of the city author- ities, it is provided that they shall employ none but careful and prudent assistants, for whose acts they are held responsible; that the speed of the cars shall not be more than six miles an hour in built up portions of the city; that they shall M'arn all pedestrians and drivers of vehicles of their approach, so as to give all reasonable 02)portunity for them to avoid collision, or accident ; that bells be attached to*^ all horses as a warning to foot passengers, and others crossing the streets ; that they shall not charge more than a stipu- lated rate of fare, and that their trips shall l)e as frequent as the public convenience may demand. In all cases the ralway cars have the right of way on their own tracks. In regard to other parties using the tracks, it is ordained that all persons driving vehicles on any passenger railway in the direction that the cars travel shall have the right of way. The drivers of other vehicles going in the oi^posite direction, are compelled to turn entirely off the track,, under a penalty of five dollars. The Broad Street LI^'E has its depot at Clinton and Eliza- GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 37 betli avenues, in the southern part of the city, and the cars are identified by their red body, and red signal lights ; starting at 5:15 in the morning, they run northward to Woodside till mid-night, via, Clinton avenue, Broad street, and Belleville avenue, making about 140 trips a day. During the route they pass Lincoln Park, the City Hall, the Newark and New York depot, the principal Banks, Insurance Offices, Churches and Stores, Centre Market, Military Park, Washington Park, Morris and Essex Railroad depot, near the Paterson depot, and past the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery. The Market Street Line runs from the Market street depot in the centre of the city, througliout almost the entire breadth, eastward to the foot of Market street, and westward to Roseville. Its cars aro red, with red signal lights. They make about 60 trips, at intervals of fifteen minutes, from 5:42, A.M., to 10:43 P.M., by way of Market street, Springfield avenue. South Orange avenue, Boston, Bank, and Warren streets, to Roseville. The depot being situated about midway on the route ; the early cars as they leave, run alternately east and west, returning at night to the stables in the same way. On the route eastward, they pass the New Jersey Railroad, the Gas Works, and the Ferry street and East Ferry street depots of the Newark and New York Railroad : westward, the Library Building, the Opera House, the Court House and the Ger- man Hospital. Newark and Elizabeth Line is intended to connect these cwo cities, by the way of Elizabeth avenue, Waverly, and Lyon's Farms, but as yet is confined to the Mulberry street line in New- ark, and the line to Lyon's Farms from Elizabeth. Its depot here is on Miller street, near Pennsylvania avenue, in almost the extreme southern part of the city. Cars yellow, signal lights Uue. The route is via. Miller street, Pennsylvania avenue, Thomas, Mulberry, and Front streets. It passes close to the Chestnut street depot of the New Jersey Railroad, Centre Market, Centre street depot, the Peoples' Gas Works, stopping near the East Newark bridge, at Bridge street. Hours from 6 A.M., to 9:30 P.M. The Clinton Line has two classes of cars passing over the same route. The smaller cars drawn by one horse only, run from Market street depot to Chadwick avenue ; and the^two horse cars pass on to Irvington. the cars and signal lights are both yellow, and the route is via. Market and Broad streets, and Clinton avenue, passing Elizabeth avenue, Johnson avenue, and two mile run, to Chadwick avenue in the one case, and continuing on past Clinton Place, and Union avenue in the other. The Chadwick avenue cars make as many as 81 trips a day, leaving every ten or twelve minutes, from 6:38 A.M.. to 10:15 P.M. Those running to Irvington make 21 trips, the first at 7:03 A.M., and the last at 10:15 P.M. The Irvington Line runs also from Market street to Irvington, at intervals of fiom 30 to 40 minutes, by vvay of Market street and Springfield avenue, x)assing the Court House and Woodland Cemetery. The cars are orange and the signal lights yellow. The first car leaves at 5:06 A.M., and the last at 10 P.M. The Orange Line runs from Market street depot to its western termination in High street. Orange. The cars are green, and the 4^ 33 GUIDE TO THE CTTY OF NEWARK. sigDal liohts white. About 60 trips a clay are made, at intervals of about fifteen minutes, the first car leaving at 5:15 A.M., and the last at midnight. The route is via. Market, Broad and Orange streets, passing through Koseville and East Orange. The Belleville Line from Market street to Belleville, has/^?;^t' cars and green signal lights and runs at intervals of from fifteen to thirty minutes, from 6 A.M., to 11:11 P.M. The route is via. Market, Broad and Belleville avenue, past the Cemetery and through Wood- side to Belleville. They make over 40 trips. The Bloomfield Line also runs from Market street depot, making about thirty trips, from 7 A.M. to 11 P.M. The cars are wJiite, and signal ligiits yellow. The route is by Market, Broad, State and High streets. Eighth, Summer and i^It. Prospect avenues, to Bloomfield. These cars are warmed witli stoves in the winter. All extension of this line runs southward, on Broad street to the new South Broad street depot of the New Jersey railroad, and northward, along the main route, as far as Hillside avenue. The cars between these two points are new, painted in cream, with yelloio signal lights, and run at intervals of eight to ten minutes. GOYEKISTMENT. Newark was a town Avitli freemen, burgesses, and a regular magis- tracy from its first settlement in 1666. In 1713, on application of John Treat and other freeholders, it was legally constituted a township by charter of incorporation granted by Queen Anne. In 1798, being no longer under foreign jurisdiction, it was re-incorpor- ated under the laws of the State of Xew Jersey. In 1833, it was by Act, divided into four Wards or Districts, named Xorth, South, East and West Wards. In 1880, it became a City. In 1636, then the City of Newark was first incorporated as the ''Mayor and Common Council of the City ot Newark," and in the month of April of that year, the government was duly organized, witn William Halsey, Mayor, and Oliver S. Halsted, Becorder. The four wards of 1833, were retained as the wards of the city, and continued to be known and designated in the same way. Each ward was empowered to elect four Aldermen, as members of Com- mon Council, and the annual charter election was appointed to be held on the second Monday of April, in each year. As the city in- creased in size, new wards were added, and the number of repre- sentatives in Council reduced till in 1872, we have fifteen wards, with two Aldermen from each. The first charter of the city con- tinued in force for only about twenty years. Omissions and de- fects became apparent, and confiicting provisions having crept into supi)lemental acts, it became necessary to have it amended. In 1807, therefore, a new charter was granted by the legislature. It was drawn up by Daniel Dodd, Edward P. Hand, and Milton Bald- win, Commissioners appointed by Common Council for the pur- pose, and ^ — "-^refully considered and amended by a joint com- GUIDE TO THE CITY OF IsEWAIvK. 39- mittee of the Council and tlie citizens, before beinc submitted to the ' legislature. By virtue of the provisions of this' new charter, the present city government exists. TJje administration of municipal aft'airs is conducted with a due regard alike to efficiency and economy, and probably there are not many better governed cities in America than our own. Few heartier messages are issued by the executive of any municipality than those of Mayor Ricord, and a body to whom its presiding- officer could truthfully address the language of Alderman Bakei\ when dismissing the Common Council of last year, deserves to have its praise recorded. " So universal has been tiie decorum and order of this body," he said, '* that I can recall no instance where it has become necessary to call a member to order. ■''' '■"' * '-'^ * ^= In taking leave of you, I desire to express my sense of obligation to the chairmen of the various important committees now about to retire into private life, so faithfully, consc^ientiousl}', and prudent- ly, have they managed the business committed to their care, that the results constitute a model worthy of imitation. *' In accordance with the revised charter, the government of the city is lodged in the Mayor and Common Council, with independent Boards of Education and Excise. Various other officers and boards having control of the departments, make the comfort and welfare of the citizens their care. The Mayor is the chief executive officer, and is elected for a period of two years, at every alternate charter election. His powers and duties are extensive ; he is invested with the functions of a Police Justice ; has the power of the veto ; sign& the bonds of the city, and issues warrants in certain cases; is head of the Police Department ; issues licenses, and grant permits, and has many other powers direct, and ex-officio. His duties as defined by charter are, " to communicate to Common ' ouncil at their first meeting in January of each year, and at other times, when he shall deem it expedient, a general statement of the situation and condi- tion of the city in relation to its government, finance, and improve- ments, with such recommendations as he may think proper; to be vigilant and active in causing the laws a,nd ordinances of the city to be executed and enforced ; and to exercise a constant supervision over the conduct and acts of all suborninate officers ; and to ex- amine into all complaints preferred against them for violation or neglect of duty, and generally to perform all such duties as may be required of him by law."' The Co-Mmox Council is composed of thirty A Iderman, two from each of the fifteen wards ot' the city. Like the Mayor, they are chosen at the annual charter election, for a period of two years. They are divided into two classes, one being elected annually, so that there is constantly in Council, a new member, and an old one from each ward. The members meet regularly on the first Friday in each month, or oftener if necessary. They elect a president, clerk, assistant clerk, and messenger, and appoint most of the officers necessary to conduct the various departments. The general duties with which the members are charged, are indicated by the titles of twenty-five standing committees, annually appointed by them for the more efficient supervision to public aftairs. These 40 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. are — Finance, Streets and Highways, Assessments, Elections, Sew- erage and Drainage, Lamps and Gas, Fire Department, Public Schools, Officers and Salaries, Licenses, Supply of Water, Ordinances, Cross Walks, Salt Meadows, Shows and Exhibitions, Public Markets, Public Grounds, Public Buildings, Bridges, Printing, Horse Rail- roads, Public Health, Wharves and Commercial affiiirs. Poor and Alms, and Police. In addition to these committees, the active business of the gov- ernment is carried out by proper officers and boards a2)poiuted for the purpose. The city tre-isuter is charged with the custody of all moneys belonging to the city. The city clerk has control of the common seal, and city records and documents. There is a city counselor, a city attorney, an auditor of accounts, a sealer of weights and measures, a street commissioner, a receiver of taxes, an overseer of the poor, and others. Besides these, there are im- portant boards and departments, such as the police department, the lire department, the board of health, the board of assessment, and revision of taxes, and the commission to lay out out streets, avenues and squares. Of these, the Board of Health is one of the mosi important. It was established under the new charter in 1858, and consists of the mayor, the committee on Public Health of common council and the health physician. The duties of the board are generally, to abate nuisances ; to detain and examine infected persons ; to ex- clude infected vessels from the waters of the city; to supervise the health physicians appointed by common council to the various health districts, and generally to abate and remove every thing- injurious to the public health. The Police Department is a most important one, and is hap- pily kept in a most efficient condition, if we except the fact that its members are entirely too few for the now very large territory over which they have the oversight. The department consists of the Committee on Police of common council, and five commis- sioners, of whom the mayor ex-officio is one. The mayor is head of the department, and the chief of police, chief executive, a police justice sits daily in the police court roon, No. 6 City Hall, from four to five P.M , and from eight A.M., to noon, and again from two to five, and from eight to nine P.M. The Police Station is on William Street, in the rear of the City Hall. The whole num- ber of men employed on the foice is one hundred and forty-nine. William B. Glasby, a most admirable officer, is chief, and is ably assisted by Captain M. F. Dwyer, lieutenants M. J. Kirwan and George Partenfelder, eight sergeants and four detectives. Of the paltrolmen, eleven are detailed for special duty, one at the mayor's office, one at each of the depots on Market street, Broad street. Chestnut, Centre and Ferry streets, and the depot of the Morris and Essex railroad, one at Koseville in the day time, one at the City Hall at night, and one on license. The whole expense of the dei)art- ment in 1872, was nearly $130,000. Every care is taken to have an efficient force. Qualifications for admission are regulated by ordinance. jNo person is allowed to be appointed, who is not a citizen of the United States, or who has not been a resident of the State of New Jersey for at least one year. He must be able to read GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 41 and write the Euglisli language; be of good character, in good health, never convicted of crime, at least five feet six inches in height and under forty-five years of age. The Fire Department is one of great importance, and prob- ably no better organized or efficiently managed fire department exists in the world than that of Kewark. It is not only a fire de- partment, but an organized corporation for benevolent purposes, culminating in an Association of Exempt Firemen, having important privileges. The citizens of Newark take great pride in this de- partment, and many of our wealthier and best residents are to be found within its ranks. Every care is taken to secure its efiicient managemtnt, and all its wants are promptly and cheerfully met. Three committees of the common council co-operate with, and have its interests under their charge ; the committee on the Fire Depart meut, that on "Water Supply, and that on Public Buildings. At present the Department consits of one chief and four assistants, who form a board of engineers, one hundred and sixteen members of the steam engine companies, forty-three of the hook and ladder companies, and twenty of the hand hose company. There are seven steam engines, two hook and ladder trucks, one hand hose carriage, and thirty thousand feet of hose. With these, and the bold hearts of the chief and his men. there are few heavy losses from fire in Newark. The whole force is prompt, fearless and energetic, and no complaints are ever heard of riot or insubordination. In addition to the above, which may be called the department proper, there is also a board of fire wardens, appointed by the com- mon council, consisting of two members from each ward. Suitable persons only are appointed ; each must be an actual resident of the ward for which the apiDointment is made, and further, must be nominated by the board of wardens and recommended by the board of engineers. The board of fire wardens are organized as a com- pany of firemen, and at actual fires are under the order of the chief engineer and his assistants. At such times, their duty more immediately consists in procuring supplies of water, preventing injury to the hose, keeping all idle and suspected persons in order and at a proper distance, and, being invested with all the powers of special police, in protecting public and private property, es- XDeeiaily such goods and chattels as are in danger of, or rescued from the fire. At all other times the duties of the fire wardens are com- prehensive and important. They are required twice in each year, or oftener if necessary, to examine into the condition of all chim- neys, flues, hearths, ovens, heaters, chemical apparatus, &c., and have everything defective or dangerous, removed or amended ; livery and other stables, boats and vessels ; places were gunpowder, salt-petrc, hay, firewood, boards, shingles, shavings, and combustible materials of all sorts are kept, are subject to their inspectitm, and any viola- tion of ordinances relating to fires and their prevention are to be punished by them. An important feature of the fire department is the fire alarm tele- graph, which was constructed by Gamewell & Co., of New York and accepted by the city on the 'l6th of Feln-uary, 1870. It con- sists fifty miles of wire, sixty-two street boxes, eleven engine house gongs, five engineers' gongs, sixteen call bells, and three strikers 43 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. for church bells. The wires have been extended as far north as Woodside, and it is in contemplation to still further increase its usefulness In' ten or fifteen additional boxes. The success of the telegraph has l)een most marked. During the past year it never failed to give the proper alarm, except in one case, on which occa- sion the cause of failure was easily discovered and remedied. The locations of stations and the holder of keys will be found in their appropriate place in our Guide to the city. The water supply for the extinguishment of fires is a matter of care. For this purpose there are four hundred and eighty-two hydrants and fifty-six public cisterns. Tlie proper supply is kept co-extensive with the requirements of the city, one hundred and ninety-two new hydrants having been put up during the year 1871. In March, 1837, by Act of Legislature, the Newark Fire Depart- ment was constituted a l.^ody politic, with the usual powers. This act of incorporation expired on February 1st, 1857. but in that year by a supplementary act, its corporate powers were extended for a further period of twenty years. Its real and personal estate is limited to $80,000, and the funds of the corporation are to be appropriated to the relief of such disabled firemen and their families, as may be interested in the same, or who may in the opin- ion of a majority of the trustees be worthy of assistance. The general affairs oif the Association are conducted by a board of representatives consisting of one member from the board of engi- neers and two from each of the steam engine, hook and ladder, and hose companies, and two also from the^exempt firemen. Besides the framing' of by-laws, these representatives elect from the whole body of firemen, a president, vice-piesident, secretary, treasurer, and a board of trustees to manage the aftairs and dispose of the funds of the corporation. The city is divided into nine visiting districts over which the trustees have supervision, and any applicants for benefit are required to call upon tlic trustees liaving charge of the district in which he resides. The Exempt Firemen's Association was organized on Decem- ber 17th, 1857. All firemen during their term of service are exempt from certain taxes. The new city charter extended these privileges as follows ; " Exempt firemen who have received, or shall hereafter receive certificates, under the common seal, that they have served as firemen in the said city, for a period of seven years, shall be, and remain thereafter, exempt from tax not exceeding three dollars in each year, and from serving as jurors, or in the militia in time of peace," The Exempt Association, through the proper board of officers, representatives and trustees, carry out the objects of the Act. -:o:- TAXATION. Taxation in Newark is not burdensome. Last year the rate, was 1.70 within the lamp districts, and 1.C4 outside. The aggregate of course increases to some extent every year, but the value of property GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWAKK. 43 increased witli it. Last year our real-estate was estimated at over $65,000,000, and personal property assessed at about $21,750,000, a total valuation of $87,000,000, and an increase over the previous year of nearly $10,000,000. That tliis was a very reasonable val- uation is clearly shown by the advance in real-estate, which in almost every case has been much greater than the relative increase in taxation. It is very plain, that the advantages of a good govern- ment, a free system of education, a well organized police force, an efficient fire department, extensive facilities for travel and traffic, must necessitate a heavy expenditure; but wdjere economy marks the administration of affairs, when the value of private property is enhanced by the prompt opening of streets and avenues, and when more than all, taxes are in themselves moderate, the citizen cheerfully contributes his quota to the general fund. Previous to 1866 taxes were levied by assessors of the various- wards ; but in that year a '* Board of Assessment and Revision of of Taxes in the City of Newark" was created. The board consists- of five members ; two are elected at the charter elections each year, to hold office lor two years, and the fifth is appointed by common council, on nomination of the mayor. By the Act creating the board, it is empowered to appoint assistant assessors, not less than five in number, nor more than one in each ward. On the data and statistics procured by these, the 1) >ard makes the proper valuations and assessments required by law, lists of wdiich must be completed on or before the third Monday in June. By advertisement these lists are kept open for inspection and correction till the third Mon- day in July. After the adjournment of the annual meeting of the assessors of the county, the board determines such a per centage on the gross valuation of property within and without the lamp district as may be required for the estimated expenses of the year. The rate so made is the per centage for the year. The lists when jjerfected are given, one to the receiver of taxes, and another to the city treasurer. Common council has no power to raise or reduce any taxes so assessed. Ail taxes are to be paid to the receiver of taxes on or before the 20th of October ; he is required to prepare and give to the assessor of each w^ard, notices or demand of payment, which must be delivered by them in turn to the citizens before the second Tuesday in September. On taxes paid during the month of August, and to the 15th of September, the receiver is authorized to deduct two per cent. ; during the remainder of September, one, and until the 20th of October, one-half per cent. ; after the 20th of October he is authorized to add one per cent., after the 20th of November, two per cent., and after the 20th of Decem- ber, three per cent., until placed for collection in the hands of the collectors of arrears of taxes, EESEKVOIKS AXD AQUEDUCTS. From the year 1800 to 1860, New^ark was supplied with water by an Aqueduct Company, the supply being derived from springs and a small stream known as Branch brook. Since 1860, this 44 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. important matter has been under the supervision of the Newark Aqueduct Board, who have gradually erected most admirable works, affording a full supply to all parts of the city. The Board was created ])y Act of Legislature, in March, 18G0. The common council was authorized to i)urchase the ])roperty of the Newark Acjueduct Company, which property should be beld by, and au- thority vested in the Board. All the contracts and engagements made under the net are obligatory on, and considered as done by the mayor and council ; and all real-estate in the city is liable for the principal and interest that may become clue for their bonds and obligations. They have entire charge of the distribution of water ; have full power to rec^uire payment, and authority to extend the works as the necessities of the city may require. The Board con- sists of six members, and the mayor ex-qfficio, two being elected annually at the charter election for a period of three years. On the banks of the Passaic, midway between Belleville and North Belleville, stands a handsome brick building which might be mistaken for a church, or the classic walls of a college, but for a tall blackened chimcey that tells of something stronger than either the gospel, or the humanities — the giant arms of powerful steam engines. This is the engine house of the Newark water works. The supply for the city is pumped through pipes to the receiving reservoir, situated on the highest point of the hills, to the west, and fiom which it is sent through mains to the distri- buting reservoirs. The pumping engines are of the most approved description, are models of mechanical skill, and work with astonish- ing ease and precision, and with great economy. The receiving- reservoir occupies a very handsome situation, and a stroll or drive to it from the city, will be one of the pleasures of the near future. This reservoir is 167 feet above tide water, and contains fourteen millions of gallons. The engineer in his last report to the Aqueduct Board in speaking of it says: "The receiving reservoir and the grounds around it have been kept in excellent condition. This has become a very attractive spot, and nothing but the want of decent roads by which to obtain access to it, prevents it from becoming a place of very general resort for our citizens. Attempts are being made by property owners adjoining, to obtain a street running from John street, Belleville, along the easterly side of the reservoir to Jorale- mon street. The extension of this street to meet one of those to be laid out by the Woodside Commissioners would give direct communication from Newark along the ridge." Meanwhile Wash- ington avenue, one of the main avenues laid out by the Esse.v county road hoard gives convenient access to the works. The old distributing reservoirs in the city are to be replaced by a new one now being constructed on Seventh avenue, near Chatham street. Here, on the top of the ridge, north of Branch !)rook and opposite Boppe's brewery, v/as an old quarry excavated to a very consider- able depth, which has l)een adopted as its site. At this point there is constructing a culvert along the brook, and the further deep- ening and extending the quarry into a reservoir, will give a large c^uantity of earth to fill up the'^low grounds. It is designed to make the reservoir a circular l)asin of 400 feet diameter in the GUIDE TO THE CITY OP NEWARK. 45 bottom, with a depth of twenty feet. It will be 115 feet above the level of tide water, and contain about twenty-one millions of gallons of water. It is desiijned to carry Seventh avenue around the outside in the form of a circular roadway, sixty feet wide. The supply from this source, however, will not be at sufficient height f )r the ridge on which it is situated, and on which the western part of the city is built. For the supply of all that por- tion, a high service reservoir has been constructed on South Orange avenue at Fairmount. It was completed last year, and the water let into it in September. Ir has been found to answer every expec- tation. The engineer reports that •' with the exception of the extreme upper portions ot this (west of Norfolk street and Belmot avenue), the head from the reservoir is very efhective, being suffi- cient in a great part of it f )r fire purposes without the use of steani-- ers." The supply of water is pumped into this reservoir from the" Belleville main to the height of 225 feet above tide water. At Eighth avenue and Factory street, close by the old Washington foundry, the engine for this purpose occupies a small wooden build- ing on the corner. This expedient, however, is only temporary, the design being to locate the pumping machiney at the distri- buting reservoir, when completed. The length of pipes connected with the water works, is over: seventy miles, and the daily supply of water two and a-lialf mil- lions of gallons. In addition to this, about three hundred thou- sand gallons are supplied by the old springs in the city, and quite^ a numl^er of houses have wells and cisterns. EDUCATIOjS^ As in all American cities, Education in Newark is all but uni- versal. In addition to tho public school system which has been l)rought to a high degree of perfection, there are the Newark Acadeujy, the Commercial College, and numerous select schools and seminaries for the education of both sexes; several of them of a high and established character. These again are supplemented with night schools, literary societies and libraries. Public attention is strongly drawn to all these, and the facilities for a thorough education are yearly on the increase. The Newakk Academy. — This institution which was incorpor- ated in June, 1795, and re chartered in March, 1855, is noted for its efficiency. It affords a common, high school, and academical education, under a faculty of high attainments. The building is pleasantly situated on an eminence at the corner of High and William streets. It is a large brick edifice, three stories in height, which overlooks the lower part of the city, and commands a fine view of the country for miles in extent. The academy is a graded school divided into seven departments, which are sub-divided into classes. '' Beginning with children who are learning to read, the 46 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. institution carries then through a thorough course of common school education; prepares them for college; graduates them as civil engineers, or tits them for commercial business."' It is furnished with astronomical instruments, chemical and philosophical appara- tus, and other facilities, for pursuing a lilieral course of studies. The school year begins on the first Monday- in Sejitember, and closes on the 20th June following. Public Schools. — These are under the superintendence of the Board of Education, consisting of thirt)^ members, two from each ward of the city, who elect a president, superintendent and other oiiicers. The various duties to be performed by the board are apportioned to fifteen committees, by which they are greatly simpli- fied. There are committees on finance, on accounts, school houses, supplies, printing, books, furniture, and so on. The superintendent gives his whole time to the duties of his office, which bear immedi- ately on the welfare and efficiency of the whole system. Newark is particularly fortunate in having this office filled by one, so pains- taking, careful and judicious, as Mr. George B. Sears. There are in all, twenty school houses, ranging in value, including the furniture and lots on which they stand, at from five to seventy thousand dollars. Four additional houses were in course of comlpe- tion in 1871, and a new site was purchased for a fifth. In the school houses now in operation, there are conducted eighteen Primary, eleven Grammar, one High, and one Normal school. There are also one Colored, three Industrial and five Evening schools. During the past year there were 13,850 pupils enrolled, though the average daily attendance was considerably less. The cost of tuition was $16.48 per pupil, and the w^hole number of teachers, one hundred and ninety-four, including eleven principals, two German, and three music teachers. Each school, whether primary or grammar, is situated in a school district, the children residing in which, are alone considered as being entitled to admission to the school provided for them. Usual- ly the school district is a ward of the city, and in the instances in which this arrangement is departed from, the l)oundary is plainly defined. Children residing in one district may be admitted to the schools of another district, but satisfactory reasons must be given for the transfer. It nuist be certain also that there is room for their accommodation, and there must be obtained, besides, the written consent of the connnissioners of both the wards from and to which, the transfer is intended to be made. In the cfise of children remov- ing from one district to another, they are allowed, if they desire, to continue to attend their former school, unless their places are re- quired for the accommodation of the children residing in the district to which the school belongs. The school year commences on the first Monday in September, and continues"^to the last Friday in June. Children are not ad- mitted to the primary schools, younger than Srix, or older than ten years of age, nor is a pupil admitted to the high school under eleven ; but a wider variation is allowed in the grammar schools. There are two sessions daily in all the schools, morning and afternoon. The morning session of the day schools are opened, and the even- GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 47 ing sessions closed by reading a portion ot' the Bible, and, at the discretion of tlie principal, the Divine Blessing may be invoked on the morning of each day. No child in the primary, or in the lowest chass of the grammar schools is reqnired to learn any lesson out of school, and no pupil in the higher classes of the grammar schools is required to learn more than one lesson out of school liours. The system of tuition is regulated and conducted in the most efficient manner. The classes are carefully graded, both in the primary and grammar schools, and consist of three in each, desig- nated by the letter A, BandC; the last letter being the lowest class. On entering the primary school therefore the young scholar is placed in class C, and passing on to B and A, is transferred to the grammar school. Here he proceeds in the same way from C to A, and is ready for the high school. The branches taught in the primary schools, are orthography, reading, wTiting on the shxte, vocal music, and tli.- earlier stages of arithmetic, geogr.iphy, and drawing. Those prescri!)ed for the grammar schools are, in addi- tion to the farther prosecution of the studies begim in the primary, penmanship, grammar, histor}', natural philosophy, composition, and declamation. Vocal music is taught in all grades of schools. The high school consists of a male and a female department, and the full course occupies a period of four years. The studies pur- sued in addition to those of the grammar schools, embrace chemis- try physiology, astronomy, algebra, book-keeping, geometry, draw- ing and the classics. The pupils are selected annuallj', in the month of June from those in attendance in the grammar schools who possess the requisite qualifications for admission. The high school is first, and principally designed for the pupils of the pub- lic schools, but " whenever vacancies exist after all qualified appli- cants from the grammar schools have been admitted, any other per- son of either sex, between the ages of twelve and eighteen years, who are residents of the city, may be received, on passing a satis- factory examination in all the studies prescribed for the grammar schools." The Normal School is for the education and training of teachers. It is held in the high school building, and is confined to Saturday sessions during the regular terms of the public schools. It is divided into four classes. A, B, C, and D, and is under the care and instruction of a principal and other competent teach.ers, ap- pointed by the board of education. The studies pursued are in accordance with a manual of instruction, and when qualified, the students receive certificates of abi'it^y to teach in the public schools. These are of two grades, tli highest being determined by a satisfactory examination in a' the studies prescribed for the Normal school, and the second, at'. or a similar examination in all studies prescribed for class B. The l)oard of education have provided a school for the colored people of the city, thoutjh by an almost unanimous vote of the board, they are entitled to admission to any of the public schools. The colored school is located in State street, first ward, and has an average attendance of one hundred and thirty-three. The Industrial Schools, so far as regards education, are on 48 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. the Itiisis of the primary schools, and tlieir expenses defraj-ecl by the board of rducution ; but the charitable and industrial features peculiar to tlieni are provided for by benevolent ladies and gentle- men of the city. They ar-' ''es^igned for outcast and neglected children, and were originally l>egun and maintained by charity. In 185G they were adopted by tiiu board of education, so far as the objects for which the board nas creat< d would allow. There are three schools, with an atten i i« e of about two hundred. Six Evenimg Schools were held in the public school Ituildings during the past winter. In English, one female and two male ; two German, and one colored for bot'i sexes. The average attend- ance was good in all of them. In consequence of the character of some of the branches of man- ufacture in Newark l)eing well adapted for the employment of children, many of them, either through the necessity of their parents, or their own predilections, leave school at an early age, to labor in the factory. It is a noticeable fact, as showing how many of our children go to work at an early age; that about forty per cent, of all the pupils of the public schools receive no further edu- cation than that imparted by the primary schools. The superin- tendent computes that only about sixty per cent, enter the gram- mar schools ; and states further, tliat the grammar schools them- selves, give the finishing stroke to nine tenths of all the pupils who rise above the primary. It is fortunate that the education bestowed, is of a thorough and efficient kind, so far as it goes, or the average intelligence of our community would be sensibly effected by these facts. NEWSPAPERS AND PEPJODICAES. The Sentinel of Freedom, now the weekly edition of the Daily Advertiser is the oldest paper in the State, published unin- teruptedly down to our day. Thefirstnumber was issued, Wednes- day, October 5th, 1796, nearly seventy-six years ago. It was then about half the size of the present paper, and bore the motto, "The Public Will, our Guide— the Public Good our End." The contents consisted of " General Washington's address to the people of the United States, declinirg to l)e again put in nomination for the Presidency," an " Act to regulate tTie election of meml)ers of the legislative council and general assembly, *&c , &c.." " an editorial address to the public," n. jjoet's corner coiitaining a song, " On the merits of printing," and two or three advertisements. Its matter, however, soon hecame more varied. With No. I of Vol. II, a new motto was adopted, " This folio of four pages, happy work ! what is it but a map of busy life, its fluctuations and its vast concerns ?" and again it was change in No. XXXIII, of Vol. VI, May .5th, GaiDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 49 1801, to a quotation from Jefferson, " Errors of opinion maybe tolerated where reason is left to combat it." The columns of tlie two last numbers of the last century were bordered with bUick in mourning fo the duath of Washington, wliich occurred Saturday, Dec. 14th, 1799, an 1 \Vhos,3 address had graced the first page of the first issue of the Sentinel. The paper has always been a favorite- and has a large 'drculation, both in town and country. Thh Xewark Daily Advertiser, -office south-east corner of Broad and Market streets. Tlios. T. Kinney, Editor and Proprietor.. This favorite newspaper is over forty yea'-s of age, and was not only the first daify published in Newark, but for a long period the only one. T!ie first number was issued, Thursday, March 1st, 1833, \)%, George Bush & Co., from their oftice in Market street, west of Broad. It commenced with a sheet half its present size, and in the nature of an experiment, but so successful was it that it has continued to increase in public favor ever since. It is republican in politics, is most ably conducted, and has an advertising patronage the largest of any newspaper in the State. Its telegraphic news are always complete up to the hour of publication, and its sum- mary of legislative and congressional proceedings, comprehensive and reliable. It is eminently the home paper of the city, being an especial favorite with the female portion of the community. Its profuse advertisements, full accounts of marriages and deaths, weather probabilities, &c., are features that contiibute largely to- this. The Advertiser is universally known as " The Daily ^'''^ its popular title wdien it was the only one. Although there are now seven daily papers published in the city, so endeared has it become to the people of Newark that its ^:>6^iie title is continued as ex- pressive of the affection and respect in which it continues to be held. The Niiw Jersey Volksmann, is the oldest daily paper in a foreign language published in the State of New Jersey. It was commenced by Conrad Hollinger, in 1854, eighteen years ago. In May, 1871, it became the property of the Hon. W. B. Guild, of the Newark Daily Journal, and was published for some time under his auspices in the f )rm of an Anglo-German paper, one half being in the Eng- lish, and the other half in the German language. Towards the close of the year, the rapid growth of its advertising patronage necessitated, either the enlargement of the paper to an unwieldy size, or its division into two distinct papers, one in each language. The latter plan was adopted with marked success ; in November, 1871, the Morning Journal and People's Paper, was launched as a seijarate contribution to our daily journalism, and the Volksmann resumed its individualty. As was to be expected from our very large German population, and the enterprise of its new management, the Volksmann soon attained a larger circulation than it ever had before. It is an able supporter of the Democratic party, and may be said to be the German paper of the party in the State. Of late years its foreign news have been of great interest, and the variety and abundance of its local and general matter recommend it to that class of our citizens for which it is more immediately designed. 5* 50 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. The Newark Daily Journal, is an Evening Daily and Weekly pai)er. The present publisher and proprietor is Hon. AVilliam B. Guild, office 184 Market street. It is Democratic in politics, and tlie al»lest champion of that ancient faith in the State of New Jer- sey. The Journal is one of the most readable of our newspapers, with full telegraphic news, and articles of general interest. It gives much attention to the business and manufactures of the city, and its articles, on tliese subjects being replete with information, are .ai)preciated by all classes. A very extensive circulation and liberal advertising patronage rewards its efforts. The New Jersey Fkeie Zeitung is published daily, Sundays included, at No. 82 Market street. Benedict Prieth, Editor and Pro])rietor. This paper has continued under the one editorial and prof3rietary management since it was established, April 26th, 1858. It is very prosperous, copiously i^atronised as an advertising medi- um, and' has a circulation in the State second only to the Daily Advertiser. The political views of the Freie Zeitung are Repub- lican ; the leaders are alwajs well written, judicious and sug- gestive, and the local and foreign matter full and interesting. It had regular telegraphic ne^s's from the seat of the late war, and now has a corps of tirst-class conespondents in the principal cities and towns in Germany, whose letters are eagerly Avelcomed by its numerous readers. The Newark Evening Courier, office 832 Broad street, Frank W. Potter, Editor and Proprietor, is a Daily and Weekly paper, the daily being published in the afternoon. The Courier was established June IStli, 186G, and is an excellent and enterprising paper. It is Republican in politics, but was favorably received by - all parties from the first, and occupies a place in the front rank of State journalism. It gives careful and constant attention to the best interest of the city. During the past twelve months it has presented, and still continues to present, weekly to its readeis a well written and interesting account of some branch of our man- ufactures. In its reports of municipal and legislative proceedings, public meetings and improvements, police items and passing events, the Courier is full and correct, and consequently its pages are always fresh and readaljle. It is also rewarded l)y a good adver- tising patronage and increasing circulation. The Newark Morning Register, office 181 Market street, was estalilished in 1869, as a two cent paper, and under its present management is being rendered a most decided success. In the beginning of the present year, the Register was purchased by the Neioarh Printing Company ; a new incorporation, Theodore Run- yan, president, W. A. Ure, business manager, since which it has continued to rise so rapidly in public estimatit)n that its circulation within the city, begins to eclipse that of older contemporaries. Democratic in politics, it is characterised by that courtesy and moderation which forms such a marked and pleasant tVature of the whole range of our newspaper literature. The Register devotes itself closely to home matters, city, suburban and State. Notices of municipal improvement, gossip on passing events, encouragement of business and manufactures, and a varied and judicious selection GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 51 of other matter are constantly tending to enlarge the circle of its readers, and make it a family necessity. The Mornixg Journal and People's Paper took is rite as the English portion of the New Jersey Volksmann when that paper changed hands in May, 1871. In consequence of a liberal and increasing patronage, the publication of one paper in two lan- guages ceased, and in November of the same year, the Journal, under the same vigorous management that led to the change, took its place as a separate daily morning newspaper. There was abundance of room for another good morning paper iu the city, there being only one in the English language in the field. Its appearance therefore was cordially welcomed, and liberally patron- ised. It is also Democratic in its views, moderate and courteous in tone, and conducted with much ability. Its columns are always full of interest, and its circulation, already large, is steadily on the increase. It is under the same editorial and proprietory managemnt as the Daily Journal and the Volksmann. Office 184 Market street. The Newark Manufacturers' Gazette, is a monthly of eight pages, devoted to the interest of the manufacturers of New- ark. It is published by " The Manufacturers' Associaton of New- ark," office at 56 Morris and Essex railroad avenue, and was com- menced February, 1870. The original publishers of the Gazette, Messrs. Hawkins & Dodge, still retain the editorial and business management of the paper, and being themselves manufacturers, they are identified with, and alive to the interests of their confreres, and are therefore the best parties to conduct such an enterprise successfully. It is the only paper published in New Jersey, devoted to manufacturing interests, and has a circulation extending through- out the United States and Canada. At present a series of very inter- teresting articles on manufacturing establishments, are in process of publication. The editorials are liberal and judicious, and the general matters varied and interesting. We are glad to state that the Gazette is growing rapidly in public favor. The New Jersey Review, is another monthly journal, devoted to the interest of insurance, real-estate, railroads and manufactures. It is published by A. S. Mills, Editor and Proprietor, 843 Broad street, and was started in October, 1871. It is a magazine of quar- to size, printed in a suj)erior manner on tinted paper, and looks very handsome. The editor himself brings a long experience, especially in insurance matters, to bear upon it, and other writers of merit in general literature render its pages interesting as well a^ instructive. Holbrook's Newark City Business Directory, office No. 11 Mechanic street, A Stephen Holbrook, Publisher. This is one of those works whose acknowledged utility has made them a necessity in every city. Appreciating the importance of the Newark Directory, our business men award it a cordial and liberal patronage, and its usefulness and interest are increasing yearly. It contains a vast amount of information for everv day reference, and is prefaced annually with a resume of such improvements as have taken place during the year. The Newark Directory was first issued in 1836-7, by B. r. Pierson, a descendant of the Rev. Abram Pierson, che first 53 GUIDE TO THE CITl OF NEWARK. minister of the town. He continued its publication till his death in '62. It was issued for two years longer as Pierson's Directory, by C. H. Folwell 6c Co. The City Directory was then pul)lished l\)r two years l)y J. Gopsill. This gentleman not being a resident of New- ark, his work did not give entire satisfaction, and a number of citizens feeling that there was enterprise enough in our own city for such an undertaking, induced Mr. Ilolbrook to commence the pul)- lication of the present Directory, the first number of which ap- peared for 1807-8, and who has conducted a satisfactory issue of it ever since. JSTEAVAPJi LIBEAKY. The act to incorporate the "Newark Library Association" was approved, February 19th, 1847, and a suitfible building erected and opened in 1848. The preamble to the act, declares the object of the Association to be "the establishment of a Library with all proper conveniences and appurtenances, and the erection of a suitable edifice for its accommodation with a view to advance the interests of learning generally, and to instruct and betterly educate the youth of the city of New^ark, in scieace, literature and the arts." The original incorporators were— William Rankin, Samuel I. Prime, William A. Whitehead, Jacob D. Vermilye, John H. Stephens, James B. Pinneo, John Chad wick, William R. Inslee, Beach Van- derpool, Jeremiah C. Garthwaitc, Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, AVm. B. Kinney and Samuel Meeker. The library building occupies a most central position on Market street, west of Broad, It is a handsome and convenient edifice, having ample accommodation for the purposes of a library and reading-room, a fine Hall suitable for lectures, conccts, or other amusements, and eight or nine smaller rooms adapted to offices or meetings of public societies. The ground floor front is designed for, and rented as stores. The Hall of the Association which is 51 by 85 feet in size, is in the shape of an addition to the main building in the rear. The library itself is on the second floor of the principal building. It is an elegant and comfortable room, exceedingly well arranged with conveniences for reading, reference and consultation of authorities. The volumes are ranged on shelving, around the walls, and in alcoves formed by partitions projecting from the face of the walls, about ten feet into- the rooms, with cases on both sides of the projections, and the whole protected by railing, made to harmonize with the other arrangements of the room, breast high, and surmounted with a broad desk-like shelf for the convenience of the public in consult- ing catalogues, &c. Tables, profusely supplied wdth the periodical literature of the day are ])laced in two large recesses formed by the enclosing of the main stairway, and the walls are hung with maps and charts, and graced also with excellent portraits of Theo. Freling- huysen, William Rankin, the first president, Rev. Dr. Prime, Wm. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 53 A. AVhitehead, the present president, mayor Ricord, and William E. Layton, the present librarian. The total original cost of the real- estate and additions was over $33,00r>, Its present value is over $100,000. The whole building and library is under the supervision of the courteous and intelligent librarian, Mr. W. E. Laytou. This gentleman was one of the original committee, consisting of Rev. S. I. Prime, D.D., W. A Whitehead. W. E. Layton, G. E. Stewart, "W. B Inslee and Algernon S. Hubbell, who reported upon the plan Vv'hich was adopted for the library, and has been a director almost continuously during tlie whole period of its existence. Kis pre- decessor in office was our present mayor, Frederick W. Ricord, who was librarian for the long period of over twenty years. Mr. Ricord ve«igned the librarianship at the close of 1869, in consequence of his election to the mayoralty of the city, and Mr. Layton vvas unanimously tendered the- position. At the 23d annual meeting Mayor Ricord's services were gratefully acknowleged ; services in the words of the Resolution, "cliaracterised by the utmost intelligence, fidelity, and gentlemanly courtesy of bearing." The new librarian was no less cordially welcomed to his duties, and the high sense of tlie services he had already rendered to the lil)rary expressed. To a thorough knowledge of its contents he brought an untiring zeal and industry to which its present excellent condition is largely attributable. Above most other things, care and judgment are necessary to the formation of a good library. It must be to a large extent pop- ular, and provide for the lighter tastes of the reading public ; but its prime mission is to educate the minds of the community, and for this purpose, works of the very highest character are required. < It must also be a library of reference, as far as possible, on all sub- jects of investigation, and an asylum for those old and rare, but interesting works in which the antiquarian takes delight. It is no small praise to be able to say that the Newark Library has kept all this steadily in view, and lias built up in our midst one of the most valuable institutions it is possible for a community to possess. It has 20,000 volumes of the i^est works issued from the press on either continent, so carefully selected as to form a library fuller and of more value than many of higher pretensions. To its first presi- dent, the late William Rankin, the Association is deeply indebted tor substantial aid and encouragement ; to its second and third presi- dents, the Rev. Dr. Prime and William A. Whitehead, it largely owes its excellence as a library. Both authors and men of culture, these gentlemen were a«hiiirably qualified to advise as to the character of the original volumes, and assist in a judicious choice when new works were to be added. The counsel of Dr. Prime has ceased, by his removal to New York but IMr. Whitehead, who was first secretary of the Association, and who has now occupied the prrsidenti^d chair for twenty-three years, is still as well qualified and willing as ever he was, and an intelligent body of directors uphold the character of the institution and secure to the city a continuance of the valuable collection we have indicated. It would give us much pleasure to particularize many of the works contained in the catalogue, but our space forbids. The 5i GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. classification, liowcver sliows thousands of volumes in each of the following departments. Theology, including sacred and devotional writings, natural and revealed religion, and sacred history. Science^ divided into First — political science; law, governmenc, political economy, statistics and public documents. Second —mental and moral science ; metaphysics, logic, ethics and education. Third — Exact science ; mathematics and astronomy. Fourth — natural sci- ence ; natural philosophy, chemisty, natural history, llie Arts follow. First — the n.itural arts ; agriculture, horticulture, &c. Second — the fine arts; drawing, painting, sculpture, music and architecture. Third — miscellaneous arts ; mechanical, chemical and domestic. In this department there are over a thousand volumes, having among them a beautiful edition in seventeen volumes of the Museum of Painting and Sculpture, conspicuous for its exquisite drawings and perfect typography. Belles Lettres,\nc\\\(\Q& lexicography, and philology, rhetoric, oratory, criticism, literary history and bio- graphy, essays, letters and orations, Greek and Latin classics and translations, poetry and the drama, romance and facetios, a class containing many thousands of volumes. In History, there are. First, antiquities and heraldry, including Nicholas' work on the Knight- hood of the British Empire, a beautiful sample of typography, and exquisitely illustrated. Lodge's Peerage, Debrett's work of the same character, discoveries of ancient cities, and descriptions of ruins and antiquities in Europe, America, and the east. Second, general history and chronology. Third, ancient history. Fourth, European history. Fifth, American history. Sixth, Asiatic, African, and other history. In this class there are about two thousand volumes of most valuable works. Biography : In this department there are all those volumes of delightful interest which make us familiar with the great and good, or otherwise famous of our own, and other countries. There are eight different lives of Washington; fifteen of Napoleon, in whole, or at particular epochs ; seven of Cromwell; and all other celebrities, correspondingly full and com- plete. The Library is very rich in books of leference, such as cyclopae- dias, dictionaries, national and state documents, statistics, atlases, architectural works, and histories of our own State, its laws and documents, and the proceedings of its general assemblies. In com- plete sets of books rapidly becoming rare in that condition, it can boast of an unusual number. It has the English Parliamentary Reg- ister for over sixty years, the Gentleman's Magazine, complete for one hundred and forty years, Niles' Register complete, Prniceton Review complete, and many others. There are also, such beautiful works as those of Canova, the National Portrait Gallery, London beautifully illustrated, in six volumes, and many old and rare works, coeval or nearly so, with the discovery of the art of printing. The Libraiy has lately had placed upon its shelves a complete set, so far as printed, of a most valuable national work which will be possessed l)y but few libraries in the State. By joint resolution of Congress, passed, January 15th, 1871, the old Patent Office Re- ports with abreviations of specifications, and partial copies of illustrations were discontinued, and the publication provided for, GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 55 of complete copies of the specifications and drawings of patents issued subsequent to June, 1869. A work of this character involves a heavy expense to the general government, and is therefore pub- lished in limited quantity and great care taken in its disposition. The volumes will be accessable for free inspection, only in the Capitol of each State and Territory, in the Clerk's office of certain Federal Courts, and in such libraries as may be selected by the Commissioner of Patents, and who may agree to the conditions imposed by the resolutions of Congress, one of which is that the volumes shall not be allowed to leave the library, except by order of a court. All the volumes published are now in the Library, and future volumes at the rate of about one a week, are received as soon as published. NEW JEKSEY HISTOKTCAL SOCIETY. This excellent Instiution, whose meetings and membership in- cludes the State, has its home in Newark, in elegant rooms in the National Newark Banking Company's building, corner of Broad and Bank streets, It was instituted in 1845, and its object accord- ing to the constitution, is "to discover, procure and preserve whatever relates to any department of the history of New Jersey, natural, civil, literary, or ecclesiastical, and generally of other portions of the United States." It has a resident, corresponding and honorary membership. The resident members, comprising many names of scholarly attainments, are those who reside within the State ; the corresponding and honorary members are resident without the State. A president, three vice-2)residents, a corresponding secretary, a recording secretary, a treasurer, and librarian, constitute the personiiel of ofR.cei's^ who are assisted by an executive committee, and standing committees, on finance, publications, library, statistics and nominations. The beneficial influence of the Society has been sensibly felt throughout the State ; it has printed and circulated a number of valuable volumes, and acquired a collection of local and State history, ol about five thousands volumes and eight thousands pamphlets. These consists entirely of donations from those inter- ested in the Society, the funds being mainly used in gathering to- gether such material as may be useful for the '' future historians and annalists" of New Jersey, and in the publication of such volumes as may be authorized by the Society. It has become the depository also, of a number of curiosities and relics, which will form a nucleus for further collections. Among these are a good many articles of special interest, such as an arm writing chair of Dr. McWhorter's, in which doubtless many a good sermon was com- posed ; a revolutionary sword which belonged to Captain James Hedden ; a sword presented by Lafayette to Lieut. James Giles, in 1780; a revolutionary sword, found under an old barn floor in Whiskey lane; a confederate officers' sword, broken by him at the 56 GUIDE TO THE CITT OF NEWARK. time of his capture at Koanokc, N. C. in February, 1862; a com- plete copy of the weekly issue of the Sentinel of Freedom, from its commencement in 1796, till now, a period of seventy-six years; uniform coat and chapeau of Captain J. Lawrence ; twelve volumes of minutes of the Long Parliament, and many others. The walls are graced with portraits of Aaron Burr, Chief Justice Hornl)lower, first president of Ihe Society, Richard Stockton, one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, General Philip Schuyler, Major Skinner, Henry Clay, ttc. The "collections" published by the Society ccmsist of seven excellent volumes, issued from time to time from the Newark press. Volume I contains — ''East Jersey under the Prov ncial Governments," by William A. Whitehead. Volume II contains — "The Life of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling, Major General in Army of the United States, during the Revolutionary war," by Wm. xVlexander Duer, LL.D. Volume III contains, '' The Provincial Courts of New Jersey," by Richard S. Field. Volume IV contains — " The Papers of Lewis Morris, Governor of the Province of New Jersey, from 1738 to 1746." Volume V contains — " An Analytical Index to the Colonial Documents of New Jersey, in the State Paper offices of England," edited with notes, by W. A. Whitehead. Vol- ume VI contains — Records of the town of Newark, from its settle- ment in 1666, to incorporation as a city in 1836." Volume VII contains — "New Jersey Reminiscences of the Bench and Bar," by Judge Lucius Q. C. Elmer. The published " proceedings" of the Society comprise ten volumes of a first, and two volumes of a second series, containing many early documents, relative to discov- ery and settlement, and papers regarding places and people of the State contributed by the memi)ers and others, and read before their meetings. The present officers of the Society are: Prestdekt — Ravaud K. Rodgers, D.D., of Bound Brook. Vice-Presidents— Henry W. Green, LL.D., of Trenton, Samuel H. Hamill, D.D., of Lawrenceville, William B. Kinney, of Newark. CoREESPONDiNG SECRETARY — Wm. A. Whitehead, of Newark. Recording Secretary — David A. Hayes, of Newark. Treasurer— Robert S. Swords, of Newark. Librarian— S. H, Con^ar, of Newark. YOUNG MEN'S CHEISTIAN ASSOCIATION. This excellent Association was organized in October, 1865, and incorporated in April, 1869. Its object is "the promotion of Religion, the cultivation of Christian sympathy, and the improve- ment of the spiritual, mental, and social condition of young men and'other persons." The Newark Association is one of the most prosperous of the many kindred organizations now so universal throughout the country, and bears the impress of the Catholic spirit of the age; its aims and efforts being contracted by no form GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWAKK. 57 of sectarianism. Its vei'v nature of course limits its active mem- bership to persons belonging to the Evangelical churches of the city. Init its ministrations and charities are by no means so limited -^ on the contrary its l)eneflrs are cordially offered to all. No stranger need fear a want of sympatiiy or good-will arising from sectarian bias, for everything of that character is carefully excluded under the following expressive section of the constitution. "No con- troverted sul)ject of a sectarian or political character, shall ever be introduced into the discussions of the members at any of their meetings, and such introduction shall bring upon the offender the censure'of the Association." While it has all the elements of a benevolent association, the Y. ^l. C. A. must not be classed simply as a charital)le society. Its highest object is to enable the mem- bers to assist each other, and all young men especially, to avoid the demoralizing influences of a great city, and to enjoy the purer pleasures in which a great city, also, so plentifully abounds. It offers the stransrer his own library, as it were, and his own easy chair; surrounds him with healthful influences; assist him to a good boardiuii" house or home ; provides him, so far as the nature of the case will admit, with employment, and offers him an ac- «j[uaintance and companionship, which, whatever may be said of it, will never either ruin or corrupt. The Association has the usual office bearers. These, together with twenty active members, representing the different evangelical denominations, constitute a boai\l of managers to supervise its- affairs. There are four standing committees appointed by the president from all th3 members — one on devotional meetings, one on membership, one on boarding house and employment, and one on meetings. Four other standing committees are appointed from the board of managers — on finance, on rooms and library, on lectures a.id instruction and on publishing. The Society consists of six hundred members, and has a library, in addition to the cur- rent literature of the day, of one thousand volumes. Prayer meet- ings ;-re held in the Association rooms every morning at 8 o'clock, and one also every Saturday evening from 8 to 9 o'clock. Regular religious services are conducted every Sunday afternoon, at 4 o'clock. A course of lectures and other entertainments are given every winter under the auspices of the Association, and frequent social parties beget that brotherly love, union and cordiality — the true egalite et fraternite—'&o absolutely necessary for the work in which the members are engaged. Corresj^onding secretary, Thos. A. Garrigues, to whom communications may be addressed. Until recently its rooms were on the corner of Broad and West Park street, but last year the Association purchased the West Park street Presbyterian church, a building which, when remodeled as contemplated will be admirably suited to its requirements, com- fortable and roomy, within a few yards of Broad street, and yet, as quiet and retired as is if located in the suburbs or the country. The purchase money Avas $20,000. The church building, now the large Hall of the Association has a handsome appearance, with a front of Belleville freestone. Internally, it will sliortly be re-fitted and improved, but even now with its spacious platform and read- 6 58 GUIDE TO TUE CITY OF NEWARK, ing desk, its elegant gallery and organ, its carpeted floor and com- fortable seats, and the cheerful brightness of its arched and frescoed roof, it is tlie finest Hall in the city. On the eastern side of this principal building, towards Broad street, is an addition of one story in height, formerly the chaj)el of the West Park street Congregation, but which is now fitted up as the ordinary and every day rooms of the Association^ It is divided into a suite of three apartments, lighted from above, and having a warm and inviting aspect, like the bright p'irlors of a cheerful home. The first of these is the reading and library room. The superintendent's oflSce is to the left of the doorway, and beyond is a spacious entrance to the large Ha'l. The centre of the room has comfortable chairs and tables, covered with periodical literature and the current files of the religious and other papers of the day. Along the walls on the right, are the handsomely enclosed book-cases of the library, and the whole is neatly carpeted and kept in excellent order. The central room is similarly furnished, with a platform and reading desk in addition, and is used for the daily prayer-meetings and for lectures. The room in the rear, which looks out on a j^leasant shrubbery, is used as a committee room. An Association thus comfortably located, is in a position to do good, and accordingly we are not surprised to find that there is constantly going on a work of beneficence and charity. It would be hard indeed to calculate the real extent of the good accom- plished, for it is not alone by the number of the recipients of the bounty of the Society that it is to be estimated. These can be counted, but the smile of kindness, the word of cheer, the act of charity are not always followed by visible results, and above all, who can calculate the fruits of that good M'ill, toleration, and brotherly love, engendered by its wise and unsectarian spirit; they pervade society, enter into the study, and ascend the pulpit. Elegant and commodious as the rooms and hall of this home- giving and truly fraternal association are, it is in c(mtemplation clur- ing the fall of the present year, to still further extend and improve them, plans have already been prepared. Externally, the rear portion of the present hall will remain as it is, but the entire front, with the spire and sides, as far back as to include the present organ gallery, will be taken down, and an entirely new building erected, eighty-eight feet long by thirty-six wide, extending for- ward to a line with the other houses of the street, and connecting witli the hall in the rear. It will be in the Italian style of archi- tecture, three stories in height, with a Mansard roof, and a base- ment underneath, or five floors in all. There will be two wings, or additions on either side, ten feet each in width for entrances _a.nd staircases. The front basement of the new building will be used" as a gymnasium, wash and bath rooms. The first floor, which will be 32 x G4 feet, and fifteen feet high, vrill be used as a general meeting room, and for the stated prayer meetings. In the second story will l)e the reading room, lilirary, parlor, secretaiy's room, &c. In the third, there will l^e parlors and class rooms, wash rooms and closets. The Mansard story will be fitted up as a lecture hall, or lodge room. Internally, the large hall of the Association will be GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 59 entirely re-modeled. The seats will be replaced by modern orchestra chairs, and retiring rooms connected with the platform. A hand- some gallery will l^e erected round the three sides of the hall ; the partition between it and the first floor of the meeting room, will be made to slide down into the Ijasement, so that «hole ground floor of both new and old building can be thrown into one. The whole will accommodate nearly two thousand persons, making the largest and finest assembly room in the city. :o:- CHUECHES. Newark, like Brooklyn, is a City of Churches, and amongst them are very many noted for architectural beauty. Almost all the orders, ancient as well as modern, are represented, but our limits forbid all attempts at particular notice. Better than architectural beauty, the pulpits are ably filled. Few cities have so many names among its clergy, noted for eloc>uence and piety. To their honor be it spoken, they are as remarkable for their charity and forbear- ance also ; each is ready to bid his neighbor God speedy without the oldtime cavil as to forms and discipline. By common consent a broad j^latform of toleration and co-operation has been adopted, which is one of the healthiest evidences of the times. It would appear from the researches of Dr. Stearns and others, that the First Presbyterian church of Newark, as constituted under the Rev. Abiam Pierson in 1667, v.'as the first church with a perma- nent pastor and complete organization upon the soil of New Jersey. The Reformed Dutch church at Bergen was commenced in 1603, or perhaps even a little earlier, but it had no minister for very many years. The clei'k of the church was accustomed to read prayers and a sermon every Sunday, but preaching and the ad- ministration of the sacraments were usually held on Monday, by the clergy of the Reformed Dutch church of New York. The First Presbyterian church was also the only church in Newark for fifty-two years. In 1718, a second was organized in Orange, then, and for long after, a j^art of Newark. It was known for many years as the "Mountain Society," and is now the First Presbyterian church in Orange. About tiie year 1 727, a Dutch Congregation was established at Second river, now I'ellev'Jle, also at that period a part of Newark, and in 1729 worsh p according to the forms of the Episcopal church, began to l>e inf duced. In the year 1794 a new church, called " The^Third Pres!;, tjrian Church of the Town of Newark" was formed and locateed of the Passaic. The banks of the river here are quite elevated, and along the face of the hill are many very beautiful vaults of stone and marble. The highly polished slabs, beautifully finished and paneled, and the tasselated floors within, are fit for the mausoleum of a King. The enclosures of the lots are various, but arbor vitce neatly trimmed prevails. The deep green of this beautiful shrub harmonizes well with the foilage of the larger trees by which the Cemetery is thickly and beautifully shaded. Everything is kept most perfectly in order and yet there is nothing monotoDous. The undulations of the ground, the variety of the foliage, the great diversity and elegance of the monuments, the very windings of the walks, leave no room for dissatisfaction, but all combine to please and gratify. St. John's Cemetery, is a small burying-ground occupying a square plot off Belleville avenue, between Crittenden street and Fourth avenue. It is connected with St. John's church, and is entirely an Irish Catholic bnryiug-place. In the centre, is the tomb of the Very Rev. Patrick Moran, first Vicar General of the Diocese of Newark, and pastor of the St. John's church, who died in 1866. The records on the tombstoiics show that most of the dead were emigrants. Almost every county in Ireland has its representative, and many towns and cities of the Green Isle are registered as the place of birth of those below. Quite a number of the monuments are handsome, but mosc of them are simply marble slabs, with the traditional inscription, and sometimes a tasteful monument. Not a few graves have a simple wooden cross. The cross with the I. H. S. " lesus Hominem Salvator," representative of the Catholic above all other churches is almost universal. The size of the grounds prevent any thing like extensive walks, but the grave-yard is well shaded and neatly kept. St. Mary's, is situated just outside the city limits in the plain GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 67 lying north of Roseyille and east of Orange. The grounds are small, perfectly level, and destitute of much pretension to ornament. One large tree throws its branches aloft, a tall crucifix with a life size image of the Savior nailed to it, a few neat monuments and a large number of humble crosses to mark the various graves. Such is the aspect of St. IMary's. It is, however, being planted with willows and evergreens, young as yet, but which will in time make the Cemetery a very pleasing object in the landscape. "Woodland Cemetery, occupies a very beautiful situation off" Springfield avenue, opposite South Tenth street, and on the highest point of the hill towards Irvington. The Company was incorpo- rated in 1855, and the grounds comprise an area of about thirty- five acres. Passing the gateway, through a pleasant grove, and advancing under the shadow of '' innumerable leaves," we find this rural grave-yard overlooking the wide valley that stretches from the more southern portion of the city. Almost before the eye is caught by the mementos of the "city of the dead,"' it is claimed for a passing glimpse of the city of the living. Churches and spires clusterlo the north, and the magnificent panorama so often mentioned in these pages, of river, bay and distant hill, lie like a map, in all their distinctive beauty, immediately below. The Cemetery itself is rapidly becoming worthy of its ctelightful situa- tion. Though incorporated in 1855, it is only of late years, that large and systematic improvements have begun to be carried out, but now it has many handsome monuments, neatly enclosed lots and pleasant walks. There are few monuments, perhaps, individu- ally noticable, for extreme and costly elegance, l^ut a large number are very tasteful. Gothic and turreted spires, tapering shafts sur- mounted l3y urns, and broken columns handsomely draped, are the predominating features. At first, the Cemetery was largely German, and still, the visitor is struck with the large number of monuments that bear the German letter. Everywhere, there is the language of Fatherland. From the miequaled beauty of its situa- tion, however, it is now eagerly sought by our native population, and the number of interments are equal to those of the other Cemeteries of the city. The lot enclosures are principally laurel. On single graves, rude crosses, and home made boxes for wreathes and flowers— those fond tril^utes of affection— are very numerous. East and north, there is a perfect wilderness of baby graves, the young being mostly buried side by side in one spot. On these are placed every device that loving hands can frame. Many a parent all unused to carpentry, has made a bowser, or a cross, or at least some rustic frame work, to mark the quiet bed of his little one. It is in contemplation to erect a chapel on Chapel avenue, to be used for services during stormy weather. Below it will have vaults for the reception of the dead, while aw^aiting a more propitious day or the section of lots. Provision will also be made for a number of private vaults, so arranged that the outer walls of the chapel can be used for the erection of memorial tablets. The situation of the chapel will be an unusually fine one ; on the verge of the hill, and commanding a view in clear weather, of the spire of Trinity GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK, church, New York, and all the more striking features of country that lie between. When the walks and paths have undergone contemplated improvements, there will he few pleasanter Cemeteries anywhere than Woodland. DEIYES. The wealthy citizen who keeps his carriage, the curious stranger who desires to ?ee something of the surroundings of a city which is new to him, and even the more humble denizen, who takes an oc- casional drive or frequent walk, are all interested in the pleasantest and best roads by which to go and come. We have prejiared, therefore, a guide to a few of these, keeping in view the roads which are beat made, as well as those which command the finest scenery, or lead to the most interesting points. To the few, who know all about the neighborhood, this may seem unnecessary, but to the many whose daily avocations afford leisure for only an oc- casional excursion, it will be found exactly what they want, an- swering to some extent at least, the oft repeated question — " Where shall we go V Almost any road leading out of Newark forms a pleasant drive, but preference must be given to the following : — Ckntral Avei^ue is a delightful drive, running westward to Scotland street, in the Orange valley at its most beautiful part. Return can be made northward by Orange, or southward by South Orange avenue. Ora]s;ge Street and Road to Orange, is also very pleasant. To avoid the roughness of Orange street within the city, departure may be taken by Sussex avenue. Arrived at Orange, continue by Main and Valley streets to LUewellyn Park; and should a still further stretch be desired, pass uj^ the road northward of the gate and take the first turnpike to the light, which leads to Bloom- field, whence return. Bloomfield Avenue will not be in a condition to drive this summer, in consequence of the operations of the Road Board ; but Bloomfield pike, a beautiful rural road may be taken instead. It turns to the left after passing the New Jersey quarries. Returning by the same road, or by the route of tlie horse cars, a view of the city opens at Mt. Prospect avenue, unsurpassed for extent and beauty. The Passaic Drives are superior in quiet rural beauty to all others. Taking either bank and keeping the river side, with all its windings ; return can be made by the other side. If desired, the drive need not extend further than Belleville, or North Belle- ville, at both of which points bridges cross ; two miles further on, another bridge will be found opposite Rutherford Park, and the drive may be even further lengthened to Passaic or Paterson, the beauty of the scenery increasing all the way. Clinton Avenup: to Irvington is a very agreeable drive, over an GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 69 excellent road. Return can be made by the same way, or by Springfield avenue. Elizabeth Avenue to Elizabeth is a good road and a delight- ful drive. The higher grounds to which it rises give an extensive view of the plain, and the entrance to Elizabeth is by its most beautiful suburb. Freliughuysen avenue, one of the new avenues of the Essex Count?/ lioad Board is in a very fair condition by which to return. The Orange Valley Roads, running southward from Orange, especially the valley road along the foot of the mountain or Scot- land street, on this side, to South Orange. These afford some views of almost regal beauty, and the roadways are both in good con- dition. The Avenues of the Essex County Road Boahd. — These are six in number. Frelinghui/sen avenue^ running from Sherman, ave- nue to Elizabeth. Springfield avenue, from the Court House by Irvington and Middleville to Milburu, at the southern spur of the Orange mountains. South Orange avenvx, running from Springfield avenue, a little west of the Court House, to the top of the mount- ains above South Orange. Parh avenue, beginning at Bloomfield avenue, and running west through the plain, northward of East Orange to Llewellyn Park. Bloomfield avenue, passing the New Jersey quarries to Bloomiield. Viashington avenue, a continuation of Belleville road, northward from Second river, along the rising ground on the west of the Passaic, to the boundary line of the county. This avenue will be continued still further north by Passaic county, and is probably the finest road of any laid out by the Board. These new avenues are all in a passable condition, although unfinished. Next year they will form, l)y all odds, the most beautiful drives to be found within a circuit of many miles. NEWAEK POST OFFICE, The Post Oftice occupies the ground floor of the Custom House, corner of Broad and Academy streets. It is most efficiently con- ducted, under the supervision of the Postmaster, Col. William Ward. LOCAL POST OFFICE REGULATIONS. Office Hours.— 7 A.M. to 7:30 P.M. Sundays— 8 to 9 P.M. Money Ordeh Office — Open from 8 A.M. to 3 P.M. Arrival and Departure of Mails— Liable to change ; a time-table is issued bv Col. Ward, which can be had on application at the Post Office. Deliveries of ]Mail Matter— Four daily, except Sundays, within the boundaries of Clay, the river. High, Kinney and Union Streets, at 8:30 and 11 A.M., 2:30 and 5 P.M. Two daily beyond these, and within High, Seventh avenue, Chatham, Belmont'ave- nue, Spruce, Pennington, Pacific, Prospect and the river, at 8:30 A. 70 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF KEWARK. M., and 2:30 P.M. In all parts of the city outside these limits, one delivery daily, at 8:30 A.M. Street Lettek Boxes— Letters are collected from these, five times dailv, within Clav, the river, Hii^h, Kinnev and Union, at G:80, 10, li:30 A.M., 3:80 and 5 P.M. From Boxes beyond these boundaries, there are three collections daily, 6:30, 10 AM., 4 P.M. On Sunday, one general collection at 2 P.M. Letters Remaining in the Post Office are advertised every Tuesday, in the city papers and on the bulletin boards at the Post Office. Foreign Mails close the evening previous to the sailing of the Ocean Steamships from New York. GENERAL POST OFFICE LAWS. All postage matter for delivery within the United States, must be prepaid. Unpaid letters are sent to the Dead Letter Office at Washington. Internal Revenue Stamps must not be used to pay postage. Stamps cut from stamped envelopes must not be put on other letters. Articles in glass cannot be sent by mail. Money Orders not issued under $l.or over $50; but three orders up to the latter amounr, or $150 in all can be drawn by the same j^erson on the same day. In this connection we would recommend that in no case should money be sent except by Money Order, or Registered Letter, especially as the fee on small sums has recently been reduced to one-half the former amount, or five cents on sums under $10.00. The rates of commission on Money Orders are now, on orders not exceeding $10.00, five cents ; not exceeding $20.00, ten cents ; from $20.00, to $30.00, fifteen cents ; from $30.00, to $40.00, twenty cents; and from $40.00, to $50.00, twenty-five cents. Letters to Post Masters do not go free. On the contrary a sec- ond stamp must be enclosed, if a reply is wanted. Letters and primed matter to and from mem Iters of Congress, free. Communications to Executive Departments at Washington, Chiefs of Bureaus and Government officers having the franking privilege, free. Letters forwarded in cases of removal, &c., from one Post Office to another, Ijy request of those to whom they are addressed. tVee. Newspa])ers, however, do not come under this law. Return Dead Letters sent back to the writers, free U. S. Postage. — Letters, three cents for each oue-half ounce, or fraction thereof City letters two cents. Letters weighing over half an ounce, and prepaid a single rate only, are sent to their destination, and balance collected on delivery. Registered letters require fifteen cents in stamps, in addition to the regular postage. The following are the reduced rates of postage as established by Congress during its recent session : On all pamphlets, occasional publications, transient newspapers, magazines, hand-bills, posters, unsealed circulars, prospectuses, book manuscripts, proof-sheets, corrected proof-sheets (passing GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 71 between author aucl publislier), flexible patterns, sample cards- plionographic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes and wrap- pers, cards, plain and ornamental paper, photographic reiD-esenta- tions of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, and scions, a postage of one cent for each two ounces or fractions thereof on packages to one address, to l)e prepaid I)y postage stamps affixed. On all books (other than those printed !)y order of Congress), postage at two cents for each two ounces, or fraction thereof, limited to four pounds in weight. On samples of merchandise, metals, ores and mineralogical specimens, two cents for each two, or fractions thereof, packages limited to twelve ounces in weight. All mail metter not sent at letter rates must be open at the "ends, or so enveloped as to be easily examined, otherwise full letter postage will be charged. To BRiTisn America. — (Prepayment is optional, but an extra charge if not prepaid.) Letters, six cents per one-half ounce, or fraction wthin 3,000 miles ; fifteen cents over 3,000 miles distance. Newspapers, two cents. To Great Britain. — (Prepayment optional, but an extra charge if not prepaid.) Letters, six cents for one-half ounce. Newspapers, two cent each. Books and samples, two cents per ounce. To France. — Letters, ten cents per one-half ounce. Newspapers, six cents each. To Germany. — Letters, tea cents per one-half ounce. News- jDapers, three cents each. -:o: MONETARY IXSTITUTIOXS. Li noticing the Streets and Buildings, we have already adverted to the architecturcxl beauty of our Banks and Insurance Buildings. These are not only an ornament to the city, but are valuable also, OS evidencing the prosperity of the most important of our Institu- tions, and in aflording increased comfort and facility for the transac- tions of our Banking and Insurance lousiness. It is mainly, however, in proportion to their stability and integrity, that Banks are valued, and fortunately for Newark, her manufacturers, business men, and others, have to do only with those of the most unquestionable character. There has never l)een a failure of a Banking establish- ment in Newark ; there has never bee ■. a suspicion of the perfect integrity of the officers, and at no per'xl in the history of the city have they been in a more prosperou-. condition than now. No praise could be higher, but no praise <• >nld l)e more deserved than this. The New^vrk National Banking Company, Broad, corner of Bank street, is the oldest Banking Institution in the city. It was chartered, February 17th, 1804, as the "Newark Banking and Insurance Company," was changed to the '* Newark Banking Com- pany,"' in 1859, and on the organization of the National Banks, adopted its present title, June 24th, 18(J5. 73 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. The National State Bank of Newakk, Broad, corner of Mechanic street, was the second Bank established in Newark. It was chartered m Januarv, 1813, and became a Nation al Bank, Juh^ 17th, 18G5. The Meciiais'ics' National Bank of Newauk, 7G8 Broad street, was chartered in 1831, and organized under its national title, June 0th, 18G5. The Newark City National Bank, Broad, corner of Clinton street, originally C(nnnieuce(l business, December 1st, 1851, under the general banking law of the State : was chartered in Marcli, 1865, and organized as a National Brink, in June of the same year. The Essex County National Bank, 753 Broad street, was chartered, ]\Iarch 12th, 1859, and organized under its National title, June 3d, 1865. The First National Bank of Newark, Broad, corner of Market street, was organized, June 2Gth, 1863. At present, and until the completion of its new building, the Bank is located at 762 Broad street. The Second National Bank, 772 Broad street, was chartered, April 5th, 1864. The Mechanics' National Bank, Broad, corner of Cedar, chartered. May 15th, 1871. The jNIerchant's and Manufacturer's National Bank, vras organized also, in the same year. The American Trust Company of New Jersey, 738 Broad street; was incorporated, April 1st, 1860, with subsequent addi- tions approved, February 23d, 1870, and March 28th, 1871. The principal office to be located in Essex county. The Company receive money on interest; accept and execute trusts; take the custody, charge and management of real or personal estate ; receive on storage, bullion, plate, or merchandise ; advance money on securities ; aid by loans, contractors and manufacturers ; and ofler many other securities and advantages to the public. Republic Trust Company of Newark, N. J., 810 and 812 Broad street, corner of Mechanic, is a similar institution to the American Trust Company, and was chartered in March, 1869. Apart from the convenience afforded by these Companies, in the receipt of deposits, and paying interest on the same, they present invaluable features, as agents, trustees, guardians, &c., affording as they do, permanency, constant and responsible supervision, and guaranteed security. Savings Institutions. — Of these, there are live in the city, all successful and perfectly reliable. Most of them take on deposit the smallest sum known to our currency, allowing interest on interest, as it matures. TTie NeioarTc Savings Institution, Broad, corner of Mechanic street, was incorporated, February 25th, 1847. Tlie Howard, 742 Broad, on March 6th, 1857. The Dime, 745 and 747 Broad, March 10th. 1864. The People's, 443 Broad, March 14th, 1871, and The German, March 18th, 1871. The Private Bankers of the city, arc also in every respect trustworthy and reliable, conducting their business on sound prin- ciples, aftable and willing to accommodate, and therefore deserving of all the success which has attended them. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 73 mSITRAXCE COMPAOTES. The people of Newark are as much interested in the character aud stabiliry of our Insurance Companies, as in that of the Banks. However efficient our fire department may be, and we have ah-eady seen that there are few, if any, in existence more efficient, there are times and circumstances, when devastations by fire are beyond their prevention or control ; then, as a rule, the stay of property owner, merchant and manufacturer is in the Insurance Companies. A prolongation of life is equally as uncertain as immunity from Jire^ and those who desire to have their families provided for, have an equal interest in the stability of the institutions in which they insure. In this connection it is with the most sincere pleasure that we are able to say, without one qualifying word, that in stability, and promptness, and in the integrity of their office bearers, the record of the Insurance Companies of the city, Fire and Life, are without a stain. The Insurance Companies of Newark are Ziowe institutions, doing a legitimate, and mainly a home business. Their stock is owned, and companies officered and directed by well known citizens. It is undoubtedly true that the main security of the policy- holder lies in the integrity of the management of the Company giving it. This being right, all is right ; and it may be stated as a fact, of which Newark may well be proud, that from the settlement of the town, till the present, no Bank, Trust or Insurance Company has ever failed here. As a rule, these companies have not accumu- lated very large amounts of money ; ,nor have they distributed their earnings in iarge dividends lo their stockholders; nor in large salaries to their officers. They are as a wlule, managed with econo- my. Their rates are kept as low as the security of the policy- holder will admit ; their business is kept well in hand, and what- ever may be their surplus earnings, they are held for the good of those who may suffer disaster by tire. Wtieu the terrible catastrophe at Chicago last year, swept over the country like a tornado, sweep- ing away millions of insurance capital, our Newark companies were but slightly effected. Facts like these, should attract the attention of tiiose seeking Insurance, to these home institutions, and by patronizing them, effect the double purpose, of strengthening home institutions, and securing perfect idemnity as well. Of these, may be instanced as representative of all, the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, which is without doubt, one of the most solid Institutions of its kind in the United States. In its financial condition, in its prudent and admirable management, and in the high character of its directors, and office-bearers, it has propably no superior in the world. Its business includes every State and Territory in the Union, and its gross receips for the past year, were near seven millions of dollars. Its previous gross assets were over tvvent\^-two millions, to which last year were added two millions more, or in all, the immense amount of twenty-four mil- lions of dollars. These assets cire securely invested, and held faith- fully for the good of the members. 7* 74 GUIDE TO THE CTTY OF NEWARK. Our oldest Insurance Corporation is the Newark Mutual Insur- ance Company, chartered in 1811. The Company was organized in 1810, a year before tlie charter was issued. Its first secretary was Chief Justice Hornl^lower ; the first trustees, James Vander- pool, Setli Woodruft', Robert B. Campfield, and its first j^olicy of Insurance was issued on tlie 14th of May, 1810, to Isaac Headley, for $1,000, ''on liis house and kitchen, situated in INIarket street, in the town of Newark." The Mechanics Fiee Insubance Company, 770 Broad street, chartered, in 1824. The New Jersey Fire Insurance Company, 760 Broad street, chartered, in 1834. The American Mutual Insurance Company, 74G Broad street, chartered in 184G. The Firemen's Mutual Insurance Company, 755 Broad street, chartered, in 1855. The Merchants Mutual Insurance Company, 776 Broad street, chartered, in 1858. The Newark City Mutual Insurance Company, 191 Market street, chartered, in 1860. The People's Insurancr Company of Newark, New Jersey, 740 Broad street, chartered, in 1866. The Citizens Insurance Company, 443 Broad street, chartered, in 1869. The Mutual Safety Insurance Company, 807 Broad street, chartered, in 1869. The Humboldt Insurance Company', 753 Broad street, chartered, in 1870. The Germania Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 781 Broad street, chartered, in 1870. The Hibernia Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 179 Market street, chartered, in 1871. The Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, 752 Broad street, chartered, in 1845. The New Jersey Mutual Life Insurance Company, 186 Market street, chartered, in 1863. BOAED OF TEADE. Tlie Board of Trade of the city of Newark was incorporated, March 10th, 1869. The object of the Corporation is, "the pro- motion of trade ; the giving a proper direction and impetus to all commercial movements ; the encouragements of intercourse be- tween business men ; improvement of facilities for transportation ; the diftusion of information concerning the trade, manufacture, and other interests of the city of Newark ; the co-operation of this, with similar societies in other cities, and the promotion and de- velopment of commercial, industrial, and other interests of the GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 75 city of Newark." Its membership comprises very many of our best business men, whose influence has unquestionably infused into our people a more active and progressive spirit, ihau tliey have ever shown before. Its fiekl of action is more particularly at home, and in furthering the interests of our own city. It has labored diligently for this purpose, and by direct and judicious action has striven to improve our trade, extend our industries, remove onerous burdens, and encourage plans for the general good. Its course, during the past winter, on these and kindred matters, has been beyond all praise. It will be remembered, how frequently the privileges of its meetings have been extended to the general public, and how, by inviting intelligent co-operation on subjects of general interest it gathered around it, the sanction of the whole com- munity. Notably so, in the lucid exposition by Mr. A. M. Robi- sou, of the projected Ship Canal ; the powerful help given in ob- taining free roads ; the invitation extended to the Japanese to visit our city, and inspect its manufactnres ; a visit, the expense of which, was borne entirely Ijy the Board, and which may result in large benefit to Newark, by opening up an extended trade, with that advancing country ; and now, while giving active assistance to the Newark Expo.sition, to "be lield in August, next, its mem- bers are engaged also, in doing honor to Newark's representative men, in the erection of a monument to the late Setli Boyden, the first maker of Patent Leather, in the United States, the pioneer of our iron industries, the inventor of machines that have given wealth to thousands. But the Board, as becomes the third manufactttring city of the Union, has a wider field of action. By uniting with that comprehensive organization, the National Board of Trade^ it looks to. and acts in the interest of the whole country. Union and con- centrated action govern the world in our day. The commerce of America, so wonderful in its individualities ; so vost in its propor- tions : so exacting, yet so delicate in its choice of avenues of trans- portation, can be controled and guided only to the iiighest ad- vantage, by united, intelligent and consistent action. Its mighty and ever swelling tide has a thousand markets; a thousand chan- nels through which to flow, and is sustained by the intellect of thirty million of eager workers, but its votaries are so scattered, sometimes their interests are so antagonistic, and the best means to the best end so diflicult of solution, that the requiremeots of trade demanded a National organization, as a great central mechanism for the help and guidance of the whole. The movements and utter- ances of individual boards, uniting wealth, public spirit, and great knowledge of business, while they might make an impact on public measures, and give a hopeful impetus to commercial affairs in their own locations, are too isolated and distant to achieve the highest good. Delegates however, from individual boards, representing the collective wisdom and experience of a commercial nation, could scarcely fail in their deliberations, to give the fullest and truest aid to every section, and hence the National Board. In the delibera- tions of this body, the influence of that of Newark has been already felt, its co-operation has been cheerfully accepted, and one 76 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. aim and object of its ambition is, " to sustain and extend the As- bociation, and make it worthy a high place in the National Board, and one whose beneficient iHlluences shall be felt and known throughout the land." We cannot help remarking, that it should be the pride of all our merchants, to ally themselves with tlie Board of Trade; to cherish its reputation, and improve its use- fuless. Col. R. S. Swords, is the corresponding secretary of the Board. EEAL ESTATE. The decline or steady rise of real property is generally a sure index to the prosperity of a city. Judged by this standard, one of the most marked features of the present condition of Newark, and the estimation placed upon its future, is to be found in recent sales of Real Estate, At no period in its history, has real property declined ; on the contrary, values have always had an upward tendency, but at no period has the activity in transfers been more constant or satisfactory, than in 1872. It has become a question in consequence, whether the advance is a solid and permanent fact, or an evanescent excitement. Some wdio see lots sold for thousands to-day, which they could have l^ought for hundreds, as it were but yesterday, stand amazed at the rate of progression. But in truth, there need be no question or amazement in the matter; the city is no longer a village, nor even a petty town ; in population and wealth it is the thirteenth city in the United States ; in manu- factures tXiQfourtli, and in proportion to the whole population of people engaged in manufacturing industry, the JirU. It must be remembered, that there are no drones in our hive. Engaged as all our people are, in remunerative industry, the workmen, as well as the manufacturers themselves, are gradually enabled to buy, or build themselves a home. The wealth, prosperity and industry, therefore of our city_2^d>' se, warrants all the increase that has taken place; but it must be remembered further, that so long as New York continues the commercial metropolis of the Union, and that is likely to be for all time, so long as her surplus population want pleasant homes, combined with unfailing and ample facilities for travel to business, just so long will they seek and pay for our lots and acres, and that, for tiie very simple reason that nowhere else can they find superior advantages. But still other elements enter into the consideration. Stability in the value of real estate depends largely on the character of municipal improvements. If these be judicious and comprehensive, and at the same time not made baneful by excessive expense, they must augment and main- tain prices. Tlie improvements in progress in our city are not oi)en to reasonable ol)jection in this respect. The excellent system of sewerage so largely going on, is imperatively required, and must result in a decided melioration of our already healthy climate. GUIDE TO THE CITT OF NEWARK. 77 The policy of the authorities in opening and grading streets, thus leading to actual settlement, as well as actual sales, is equally com- mendable. Any one who will take the trouble to inspect the suburbs, will not only find an infinity of houses going up, but everywhere also, new streets being opened and graded, hills cut down, hollows filled up, and a wilderness of straight level lines gradually meeting at right angles. At a cursory glance these seem straggling and all irregular, Ijut on a closer inspection, showing unity of design, the mapping out as it were, of the future elegant street of a more populous city than many of our inhabitants even dream of now. Nor must the changes in the older portions of the city be over looked. From the centre to the circumference, extensive alterations are in progress ; but they are in sections that have long and badly needed improvements. They add alike to the convenience of the people, and the value of the property, and lead besides to the adornment of our streets, with better houses and a more pleasing architecture. Like a girl of rapid growth, emerging from the tall angularities of youth to the rounded form of womanhood, the city in every part is being filled up and moulded into symmetry, and the citizen will soon lookwith increased pride on the most beautiful city in the State. We cannot undertake to indicate the prices in Real Estate in any part of the city. These vary greatly of course in difterent localities. Compared with the prices of a few years ago, lots are high ; relatively to prices in other cities of similar advantages, they are not so; and property can be both rented and bought at lower prices than obtains in neighbor- ing and much smaller places, possessed too, of fewer advantages. Equally futile, would it be to attempt to advise as to the most desirable portions for residence or otherwise. Unlike most cities, i^ewark is extending to every quarter of the compass, and in almost every quarter, there is either the beauty of locality, or the beauty of utility, together with broad streets, churches, schools, water, horse car facilities and contiguous railroad stations, to recommend them. Roseville to the west, is undergoing a most marvelous development, and oflers every attactiou. Woodside. M'itli its two thousand acres to the north, presents equal beauties and ad- vantages. Clinton, to the south, offers twelve hundred acres, equal to either, while the lower grounds to the east, are astonishing the oldest citizen in their increasing utility, and in the marvelous enhancement of their value. FACILITIES FOE TEAYEL. Newark has the most ample means for communication, not only with the surrounding country, but with every section of the Union. By numerous lines to New York, we have access to the eastern portion of the United States; by the Newark and Paterson, a branch of the Erie Railroad, we reach Buftalo, the Lake'-''-, and the great north- west ; by the Morris and Essex, we find our wav to Pennsylvania, 78 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. and the west, and by the New Jersey, to Philadelphi, Baltimore, Washington, and the entire south and soutli-west. By means of these raih-oad lines alone, the peoi^le of Newark can find their way to every section of the Union, where railroads themselves peuetrate. The last mentioned line is now a part of the united roads of a Company owning and controling more miles of rail than any other corporation in the world. Our means of local travel are prol)al>ly greater in proportion to population, than those of any city in either hemisphere. The single carriages running out of Newark l^y steam and lu)rse power, to points within a few miles of the city, number seven hundred and jifty-one^ every day. By steam, eighty -seven trains run daily to New York ; thirty to Elizabeth ; nineteen to Orange ; eleven to Montclair. and four to Paterson ; these will average four carriages to each train, or five hundred and seventy- six in all ; then there are sixty trips made by horse power to Orange ; forty-two to Belleville; thirty to BloomSeld, and forty-three by two lines to Irvington ; making in all the number mentioned above. Within a month or so, other two lines of railroad, the Newark and Hudson, and the Midland, Avill offer further advantages, running more new and handsome cars, both east and west, so that during the present summer the people of Newark will have a thousand elegant and well appointed carriages daily at their command, to reach points within ten miles of the municipal borders. A remark- able feature of the these facilities for travel, is to be found in the perfect manner in which all parts of the city are accommodated with depots. Five lines cross the river to New York, by six bridges, taking up passengers from twelve stations within the limits of the city as they go. Away in the extreme north, in the lately added section of Woodside, below^ Belleville, is the bridge of the Mont- clair Midland line, which will almost immediately give a local station for the accommodation of the people there. Further down, and close to Clark's Thread Factory, is the bridge of the Newark and Hudson line, an extension of the Newark and t*aterson branch of the Erie, to New Yoi'k, whose depot will be ready to accom- modate a rapidly growing section, by tiie time of the Exhibition of Newark Industries, in August, next. Then close to the centre of the city, is the bridge of the Morris and Essex road, which gathers passengers from Roseville station on the west, and its own'depots on Morris and Essex railroad avenue, on the east. Following, are the two bridges of the New Jersey railroad, the upper taking the large passenger traffic of the Centre street depot, and both affording accommodation for all through and way trains, which gather up the largee contriUutions to the travel of the city from the three stations at Market, Chestnut, and South Broad street. Lastly, there is the Newark and New York road, which gathers its quota from Broad, Ferry, and East Ferry street stations, and running eastward, through a large manufacturing district, crosses the river by its bridge, above the bay. It may be mentioned further, that the Peitack line of railroad from the west, will soon strike the New Jersey line towards Waverly, giving a depot to the extreme south, and still other lines are in contemplation. Stations are thus distributed throughout the entire city, giving facilities^ GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 79 not only to travel goiog eastward, but to that also, going in eveiy direction throughout the Scate, and to ever}' part of the Union, however distant. With such perfect accommodations it is not wonderful that the people of Newark travel much, or that those of our neighboring, over populous city, should plant tlieir homes and workshops in a quarter which affords such pleasant, rapid, and perfect means of travel. COMMEKCE. As the Commercial centre, not only of an extensive agricultural region, but of a cordon of active and populous towns, the trade of Newark ought to be very large. It is so, in fact, but not to the extent that might l^e expected. In respect of local trade, the city is iDeculiarly situated. Its own people are attracted to a considerable extent by the large stocks, and apparently better chances for ob- taining chea}) goods offered by the merchants of New York, to which access is so easy and so frequent ; and though the magnifi- cent country and numerous towns around are to a large extent tributory, yet the amount of business done might be largely aug- mented, to the benefit of all our people by a determination, all things Ijeing equal, to encourage home trade, and buy in our own market. It is a question, whether in all cases, the time used, the fare spent, and the purchases made of inferior goods, because they appear to be cheaper than those at home, do not counterbalance all the little gain the buyer is supposed to make. In every depart- ment of bu.siness, we have as elegant and busy stores, and as choice selections of goods as are to be found anywhere to-day. Our merchants are as afta])le and attentive, and as capable of supplying all the wants of our people, on terms just as reasonable and accom- modating in point of cheapness and quality , as the store-keepers of the sister* city. From the causes above indicated, our wholesale trade is also, more limited in extent than it ought to be. The perseveraiijce and energy of those engaged, and their high character as business men, alone command the very large patronage with which they are favored. Our proximity to the immense establishments in New York is a stubborn fact to deal with, and individual intelligence and energy must be brought to bear to combat it. It would almost seem as if we were destined to l>e, and continue, rather a Manu- facturing, than a Commercial city. It is rather a strange fact indeed that the two seldom go hand in hand, and should it so con- tinue, there is this satisfaction, that manufactures are the more remunerative pursuit of the two ; they may not outwardly attract the eye, or claim the admiration which miles of wharves and fleets of ships command, l)Ut when prosperous and steadily followed, as in Newark, the comfort and welfare of all classes of citizens are more general and assured. so GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. Tlie Coastwise and Foreign Commerce, from our own docks was larger a few years ago, than is to-day. Several causes have con- tributed to this; mainly perhaps, the opening of the canal, and the introduction of railroads into the cit}-. Our own people also, threw away such opportunities as they possessed. Offices and warehouses for manufactures were removed to New York ; insufficient dredg- ing of the river followed, and a mistaken outlet for sewerage, still further began to fill up our already too shallow river. Commercial statistics are not accessible, nor are they necessary in a work of this character, but vessels are still largely frei ghted here, and the questions recurs, is it necessary, or best, that our Commerce should be neglected, or allowed to languish ? Has the time not rather come when it should be energetically renewed ? Would it not be well for our manufacturers to revive the oldtime sjstem of home warehouses for sale, as well as factories for production ? Will not the merits of our productions command attention, and bring pur- chasers also, by their immense variety ? By this means, would not our manufactures fiourish equally, and our Commerce indefinitely increase? These are questions for our people to consider. For ourselves, we believe our location and the energy of our people amply sufficient for the task. Newark is already known, wdierever Commerce flourishes. Invoices, dated from Railroad avenue, ]\[arket street, or the Hedenburg Works, are office words in almost every country where civilization flourishes. Are our goods better or cheaj^er, because sent through another city ; or is it at all neces- sary to pack them here and cart them to New York for shipment ? The truth is, that that port is ah'eady over crowded ; storage and wharfage are excessive ; railroad freight stations are gorged to repletion, and no movement of ours to sell and shi]^ our goods from our own d«.ors, would injure that city one iota. On the con- trary, her merchants who have their factories here, would be likely to hail the eftor\ and take advantage of it to their own benefit. Thoughtful men realise this, and the Industrial Fair, to be held in the month of August, next, is the first great movement wiili a view to increased home sales and shipments. It was shown during the recent agitation for free roads, that a thousand teams a day were not sufficient for our cartage to New York,* indicating one would think, the necessity for a large merchant marine of our own. The first and most important thing in this connection, is the improvement of river navigation. In so far as railroads are concerned, our opportuities are ample, unless in the matter of freight stations, and storage, which the companies will not be slow to supply upon demand. The Passaic can be made sufficient for a very large tonnage, and a movement to assist us iu that I'espect has already been made. Twenty-five thousand dollars have been api:)ropriated by the Legislature for its improvement, and more thorough plans for the removal of obstruction recom- mended in the report of a survey recently made by <'ol, Newton, of the United States coips of engineers, to the General Government, The limit of imi:>rovement is a mean depth of seven feet at low water, and ten ftet at tide. Col. Newton sa3s: that the river presents a succession of pools formed by b^is or dams, composed S. D. LAUTER'S PIANO FORTE WAREROOMS ZSTo, 657 Broad Street, Up Stairs, Opposite Military Park. MAKING THE SALE OF Piaiio§, Parlor Org^aus, ]W[eloES, ARTISTS MATERIAL, Our Exhibition Rooms are Free to visitors. CHAS. G-. CAMPBELL, 758 Broad Street. HOMEOPATHIC PHARMACY, No. 765 BROAD STREET, ]N"ewarlc, IN". JT. Reliable Homoepathic Medicines, Books, Cases, etc., for family use, always on hand. No. 765 BROAD STREET. CENTRAL DRY GOODS STORE. 677 BROAD, COR. WEST PARK STREET, IN'ewarls, jST. J. MARVIN DODD & CO., DEALERS IN Dry Goods of every Description, At uniformly Low Prices, marked in plain figures, from which there will be no deviation, except the discount to Clergymen and the Trade. Marvin Dodd. J. Burnet Frazer. Vancleve Mott 290 Market Street, NEWARK, N. J. A good assortment of Watches, Clocks and Jewelry always on hand. Great attention given to repairing. GEORGE E. PARKER, MANUFACTURER OF BRASS CASTIN&S, 3Iachine, Tool and 3Iod€l Work, Expei-imental, Sec, 23 RIVER STRKET, Eear Building. NEWARK, N. J. ESTABLISHKD 1848. MACKNET, WILSON & Co., Importers and Dealers in Forei2:n nnd Amerifan HARDWARE, IRON & STEEL, Machine Belting, Steam Packing, BUILDEES, CAERIAGE MAKEES/CABINET, And Miscellaneous Hardware, ^TEEL, !]P/R, ]py\ND Af^D ]4oOP |f^ON, 796 BROAD STREET, NEAR MARKET ST,,) yEWARK, X. J' JNO. S. LITTELL, r 21 AND 23 GREEN STREET, DIAMOND CLUSTER, AND SOLITAIRE RINGS A SPECIALTY. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 81 principally of boulders and loose stones or gravel, extending entirely accross the bed. The i)rincipal of these, are middle bar, opposite Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Belleville bar, opposite the Second river, and Rutherford bar, at Rutherford Park. The re- moval of these and the corl^truction of the necessary dykes to maintain the channel, are estimated to cost, $151,349, or by omit- ting dykes at Belleville and Rutherford Park hars, and by decreas- ing the width of dredging through the tipper bars, to a width sufficient for the passage of one boat only, the cost would be re- duced to $123,925, and still stich improvements secured as would be stifficient for a large navigation." But if Newark continues to grow and maintain former rates of increase in population and manufactures, the river will be totally insufficient for her wants. In view of this contingency, a company was chartered some years ago for the building of a ehip canal, which is intended to run from Thomas street, a little east of the southern end of New Jersey railroad avenue, through the meadows, bay, and Bergen hills, into New York bay. The canal is intended to be two hundred feet wide, and twenty -two feet deep, with ample wharves, and two streets on either side, each one hundred feet in width, tlie whole forming a line of six htindred feet wide, running from almost the centre of the city to the bay. There can be no doubt that this would speedidly result in attracting Commerce, and in a demand for factory room in all the low lying region l)etween the river and the proposed canal, when would arise the necessity to utilize also, the bay and river front. Wharves would be erected sweeping clear round, from the canal to the Zinc Works, which would focilitate the drainage of the entire marshy district, be- tween these two points, and its immediate application to the tises of factories and stores. Perhaps the l^enetits of this ship canal must remain a matter of opinion, till results attest its value. It is believed by some that its frontage on New York bay would give increased dockage, there, rather than additional advantages for shipment, here ; but that is scarcely possible, because the business of the docks in that quarter would largely depend on their con- nection inland, with our own city, and its waters would necessarily be used by us in proportion to our needs, independent of the benefits conferred upon the Commerce of a neighboring port. Apart from this cana], liowever, the one grand improvement whicli in the course of years, must inevitably come, is a compre- hensive system of wharfage along the banks of the bay, continued inland, as far as may be necessary by the river. For solidity and permanency, stone masonry would of course be necessary, and a depth of twenty-four feet obtained by dredging. It is true, tlie cost of such improvements would be very large, but the enhance- ment of property would repay it all, add to the resources of the city, and impart tenfold benefits to other interests beside. Com* merce would as surely be attached to a city of sucli varied produc- tions, as the needle is drawn to the pole. It would be the com- mencement, too, of a multitude of other improvements, the recla- mation of the meadows ; the attraction of our factories to that por- tion of the city best suited for them, and nearest to the point of 8 83 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK, sljii^ment ; the consequent improvement in the cleanliness and beauty of the higher grounds, by the removal of many factories now in operation there ; the giving of admirable outlets, by flood gates, for our sewerage, and the amelioration of the health and comfort of our entire peoj^le. All the improvements we have indicated, w^ould be of early and easy accomplishment, if our manufacturers would encourage or associate with themselves, men of good business knowledge and practical experience, who would devote their time to sales and shipping, while they attend to production. It is but a matter of changing a shipping and warehouse front accross the hill from the Hudson to our own bay. If wharves pay there, why should they not pay here, where the labors of forty thousand active producers require constant transportation ? It would not only pay, but the certain result would be an actual doubling of the ratio of the growth and prosperity of the city. MANUFACTURES. The prosperity of New^ark and the comfortable conditon of its people, are entirely owing to its manufactures. The right appli- cation of industry is the wealth of cities, and Newark has found the key to the problem. Lying under the wing of the largest market in ,the Union, with unbounded shipping facilities from its very doors to every quarter of the globe, in close proximity to the great iron and coal fields, \vith ample room for extension, with low^ taxation, and with a peojDle thrifty, orderly and industrious, its manufactures have had a steady and remunerative growth. Under the superior labor and skill of its artisans, they have overleaped the boundaries of the United States to find markets in every coun- try known to commerce. It is true, it owes much to the help and example of a powerful and enterprising neighbor ; but its own people have been quick to see for themselves, not only that manu- factories are adapted to its situation, but that, having a great and permanent relation to all other industries, they must necessarily have a direct bearing on individual prosperity. The result is a successful prosecution of almost every branch of manufacture, great individual wealth, and wivle spread comfort among all classes. In the history of the United States, it has invaribly been found that domestic manufactures have commenced with the first sette- ments, and aided their progress in their earliest stages. For the first hundred years and over of its existence, it was so in Newark. Clothing and textile fabrics were altogether family made, and the flour mill, the blacksmith, the wagonmaker and the shoemaker, did the rest. This state of things existed till after the Revolution, at which period the active pioneers of manufacturing industry, repressed throughout the long period of colonial history, began to be found at all the desirable points throughout the Union. Not GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 83 much bad beea accomplished in Essex county, up to 1810. In that year tlie first regular effort was made to investigate the condition of .American Manufactures. In accordance with the instructions from the Hon. Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treasury, to Mr. Tench Coke, of Philadelphia, that gentleman ])repared a statement based on the returns of the census of 1810, from which we have com- piled the following table of the Manufactures of Essex county, as they existed at that period. TABLE OF MANUFACTURES IN ESSEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, IN 1810. ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE. NO. OF FACTORIES PRODUCT. VALUE. Blended and Unnamed Cloths & Stuffs. Woolen Goods in Families Looms Cardino" Machines . 763 26 *'l 9,900 ■"l 17 3 " 82 "io "' 1 201,836 yards 43,000 '' ■43,006 " 26,'l56 324 tons 609 " 31,300 lbs 324,'775 pairs 18,800 gallons 307,310 " 17,600 " S 160,000 00 40,000 00 Falling Mills Drawing and Roving Machines Spindles Far Hat« . . . 73,480 00 Blast and Air Furnaces 14,172 00 Bloomeries 3,338 00 Naileries 3,136 00 Large Screws, Steel Springs, &c Tin Plate Work 7. 15 000 00 29,250 00 Plating Manufactories 15,000 00 Tallow Candles 11,529 00 Soap Leather, unnamed Boots, Shoes and Slippers Flaxseed Oils 3,846 00 51,970 00 400,000 00 18,800 00 Distilleries . 153,650 00 Breweries 6,600 00 Carriages, made 129,500 00 Paper Mills 17,850 00 Potteries Drugs 27,750 00 30,000 00 Book Binders TOTAL Sl^SlM'fl 00 It will be observed that cloth at this time was all home-made, the number of looms and carding machines being givon. All the woolen goods are exj^ressly stated to have been made in families, and every yard appears to have been sent to fulling mill, to be fulled. An immense number of small distilleries appear to have sprung up at that jDeriod. Since, however, breweries and distilleries have changed places. There is not now a single distillery in New- ark, while l)reweries are numerous and their product immense. Carriages had already begun to be made, and boots and shoes were quite largely manufactured. Had Mr. Coke's investigations been made a decade earlier, the total jDroduct would of right have be- longed to the town, but a large per centage must be placed to the credit of Orange and other townships, erected out of our territory in the beginning of the century. The article of hats, is an instance. About the period under consideration, a Mr. Rankin, who had been engaged in that branch of manufacture in Elizabethtown, removed to Newark. His friends attempted to dissuade him from 84 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. tlie step, on the ground that the people of Newark were supplied with their hats by Orange. Paper mills are another instance, we have even now none in the city, though several in the county. • In the year 1826, on the occasion of a jubilee held by the people of Newark to commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of American ladependence, a census of the town was taken by Isaac Nichols, assessor. It appears to have been very carefully done, and we present that portion referring to factories and trade. The number of workmen in factories were very small, but the beginnings of a large proportion of our present manufactures were in existence as individual industries. There were — Three Iron and Brass Founderies, twelve workmen ; one Cotton Factory, six workmen ; three Tin and Sheet Iron Factories, nine workmen ; one Coach Spring Factory, ten workmen ; one Chocolate and Mustard Factory, eight workmen; one Tobacco Factory, thir- teen workmen ; one Looking Glass Factory, four workmen ; one Soap and Candle Factory, four workmen ; one Earthen Pottery, three workmen ; one Rope Walk, two workmen. Theie wx^re besides, three Distilleries, two Breweries, and two Grist ]\Iills. The number ol hands employed, not given. All those employed in trade and other branches, are enumerated as follows : Shoe Makers 685 Carriage Makers 64 " Trimmers 48 " Painters 21 " Smiths 77 Carpenters 89 Chair Makers 79 Hatters 70 Curriers 61 Saddlers 57 Masons 46 Coach Lace Weavers 36 Cabinet Makers 85 Tailors 35 Jewelers 22 Blacksmiths 19 Plane Makers 17 Tanners 17 Silver Platers 15 Bakers 15 Carters 12 Saddle-Tree Makers , House Painters and Glaizers . Wagon Makers Trunk Makers Coopers Stone Cutters Last Makers ^ , Butchers Plough Makers Pump Makers Morocco Dressers Brush Makers . Gun Smiths ' Watch and Clock Makers Tallow Chandlers Lock Makers Printers 12 10 8 7 7 6 6 5 4 1 In succeeding pages we give some definite idea of the immense extent of our manufactures in 1872. It will be seen from the figures above, that they are almost entirely the growth of less than half a century. Partly this is due to the industry and skill of our people, and partly to their inventive genius, the success of the one being largely aided by the other. Numberless names of successful inventors recur in this connection. The hcmored name of Boydeu, is recorded on the i)refatory page historic of not a few of the man- ufactures of Newark ; and though his reward was alone the pride of discovery the skill for adaptation and the genius for successful working, while to others came the rich harvest from his seeding^ yet to him belongs the high repute which his fellow citizens are about to acknowledge, in the erection of a Statue to his memory. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 85 Cotemporary, with bim silently stands anothei- name, whose inven- tions h;ive oiven employment to much of capital and labor in New- ark, a-id iiided more than the wid(Mv's mite to its vvealth. Thomas Blanchard, the author of that wonderful machine for wood-turn- ing and Ijending, an intricate combination of well known mechani- cal principles, by wliicli gun stocks, shoe lasts, spokes, handles, and bent l)ent work for carriages are so rapidly and perfectly produced. Three decades ago he came to Newark as a great centre of mechani- cal effort and success, and from the slow process of chopping and shaving out spokes, &c., his matured inventions have resulted in sales of spokes and wheels to nearly every quarter of the Union, extending to California and its sister market, Australia, together with shipments of no small amount to Great Britain, France and GermaiiV. Following these, we have within a few years seen the smelting p'ocess of Ed Balbach, Jr., result in the possession by- Newark ot' the largest smelting works in the United States, the rapid springing up of others through his patent, and gradual gather- ing of the profits of this vast business to our own city and country. Our people are mostly familiar wdth the many improvements in- vented for vvood working machinery ; the automatic printing tele- grapi ; self-iieating sad irons ; gas machines; improvements in the construction of safes, and numl^erless others of great value. So vestle^s, indeed, is the activity of our people, that inventions and improvements are patented at Washington, by the citizens of Newark, at the rate of very nearly ten a month. These inven- tions are not speculative and fanciful, but, as might be expected fron the genius of the people, eminently practical and useful. They embrace almost all the Ijranclies of manufac4;ure carried on in the city, and help doubtless to sustain the high character of oar Ijroductions. An inspection of the manufacturing establishments of Newark, would absolutely astound and bewilder those unused to such multitudinous activities. Apart from those branches of industry which may be classed rather as Trades than 3Ianufactures, there are eight hundred and seventy-six establishments in operation, em- ploying a 1 average of ntdvly ^ihirti/ thousand hands, and producing over a thousand articles, so distinct from each other in their charac- ter, material or application, as to require separate mention. Proper- ly classed, they represent three hundred and twelve branches of manufacture. If we were to enumerate the smaller articles made ; not simply modifications of each other, but of individual use and application, they would number something like five thousand, and if similar articles manufactured from difterent material were taken into the calculation, certainly not less than ten thousand could be named. These j^roductions have a market in almost every com- mercial i:ountry. Largely so, in the States of the Union, Mexico, Cuba, eouth America, Canada, Australia, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, China and .Japan. The number of hands we have roundly stated above, as em- ployed in our manufiictures, and that can be definitely ascertained, are by no means all the peojDle in the city engaged in manufactur- ing industry. From actual enquiry, we have memoranda of 8* 86 GUID2: TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. ticeiity-nine thousand, Jive hundred and forty six, bat these do not embrace all, by at least ten to fifteen tliousand 2)eo2)le, who are employed at home, principally in making clothing for our own, and the manufacturers of New York. In some sections of the city, there are hundreds of houses with one, two, live or ten sewing machines, constantly at work in this way. There are no means, unfortunately, of ascertaining the exact number, but an intelligent manufacturer estimates tluit it is ceitainly c»i'c;' fifteen thousand, and he is probably correct. One manufacturer in New York produces ^veekly, fifteen thousand each, of coats, vests and pants, five- eights of which are made in Newark, and numberless other firms do the same thing. This portion of our ceaseless industry is not seen or known to our citizens generally, but it is no less certainly carried ■on. Suppose we take tlie smaller estimate often thousand j^ersons, it would raise the number of our work people to the enormous total -of over forty thousand, more than a third of our entire population, men, woman and child. But this is not all. The census of manu- factures, taken by the General Government, embraces many industries which we have regarded as trades, and therefore excluded from our calculations. In estimating the number of hands employed in the manufacture of segars, for instance, we have enumerated those only of ten of the largest firms, whereas there are probably a hundred engaged in a small way and for their own sales. Bakers, Shoe Makers, Stone Cutters, Carpenters, and others, have also been ex- cluded in the same way, and for the same reason. Probably, there- fore, the actual producers of Newark are fortyfixe thousand people. At first sight it seems almost impossible to believe that this could be so, but actual facts, compel the belief Even after actual •enquiry, and careful calculation, it would yet be ditficuh to see how it is possible, but for a j-ecoUection of the fiict that many branches of manufacture make it desirable for women and children to be employed. A child of either sex can run the machines now in use, producing the most beautiful and delicate textures which formerly, only skilled workmen could make. This accounts for the remark mentioned elsewhere, of the superintendent of the l^ublic schools, that forty per cent, of our children never enter the grammar schools. There can be no doubt, therefore, that there is no exaggeration in the estimate, and that relatively to its popu- lation, Newark is the first manufacturing city in the United States. And what of the future ? It is no presumption, judging from the past, to prophesy of possibilities. Our population w ill at least increase as rapidly as it has done, but as busmess stimulates busi- ness, ajul manufactures attract manufactures, the increase in certain to be very much greater. No spot can ofi'er better advan- tages. There is nothing to cramp or hinder expan!:ion, there need be no huddling up of work people into tenement houses, there need Ije no limit to railroad and transportion facilities, and more- over there 26' no limit to that prime necessity of manufactures, fuel for power. Add to these, all the conveniencies of a well governed city, with good streets, adequate police protection, water, gas, and similar attractions, and we may fairly and reasonably conclude that Newark has yet more powerful place to take in the commer- cial and productive industry of the Nation. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NET^'ARK. S7 CATALOGUE OF THE MORE IMPORTANT ARTICLES MANUFACTURED IX NEWARK. Agriculturallmpleraents-Castings, Cultivators, Feed Cutters, Grub Hoes, Harrows, Plows, Rollers, Vegetable Slieers, cVrc., Artificial Stone, Assayers' aud Refiners' Works. Ash Sifters, Awniu2:s. Axles. ^ Agricultural Lnplements are quite largely manufactured in New- ark, the plow works being the largest. Assaying and Refining operations are still more extensive. For the smelting of ores, Edward Balbach & Son have greater facilities than tliose of any similar works in the United States. They are situated on the canal, at Ferguson street and comprise four very large buildings, with over twenty furnaces, and a product weekly of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars in gold and silver, and over seven hundred tons of pure lead. Mr. Edward Balbach, Jr., is the inventor of a process of separating gold and silver from lead, which may be said to enable the firm to control the smelting of ores throughout the entire United States. Assaying and refining for manufacturers of jewelry, and the refining of jewelers' sweepings is also an immense part of the business in Newark. The firm of L. Leloxg & Brc, are the most extensively engaged in this branch. To accommodate their rapidly increasing business, they have recently erected on the corner of Church and Marshall streets, a handsome building of Trenton l>rick, four stories in height, and fitted up with all the improved machinery necessary for the largest operations. To perfect their arrangements in this respect, the firm spared neither pains nor expense to obtain whatever was most applicable in our own and other cities, to this particular branch of business. Bag Mounts, Bakeries, Baskets, Bedsteads, Belts (Leather), Benzine, Bits, over 2'j difi'ereut kinds, Blacksmith's Work, Blank Books, Blinds, Blowers for Foundries, Boilers (Steam), Boiler Fkie Brushes, Bolts — Xuts and Rivets, Carriage, Spring, Tire and Harness, Bolt and Gear Cutters, Bone Fertilizers, Boots and Shoes-Children's, Ladies, Men's, Nailed, Gaiters, Slippers, Tie Pumps, &c., Boot and Shoe Uppers, Bows and Felloes, Brass Foundries — Castings, Har- ness, Plumbers' and Machine Work, of every character, Brass Moulder's Flasks, Breweries — Ale, Lager, Magnet, Weiss and Wild Cherrv Beer, Porter, Brewers' Tanks, Britaonia Ware— Tea Sets, Ice Pitchers, Batter Coolers, &c.. Brooms, Brushes— Dusting, Whitewashing, Jewelers, Machine, Scrubing, Horse, cVrc, Brush Tops, Buckles, Buckle Tongues, Builders— Manfac'ing Stairs, Stair RaiUug, Church Furnishing, cV:c. Builders'' Hardware, Buckskins, Burr Machines, Buttons — Cloth, Horn, Ivory, Steel, Metal and Pearl. 88 GUIDE TO THE CITT OF KEWAKK. The maniitacturc of Leather Belting is represented by Charles W. Walkeii, 288 Market street, whose goxls are exclusively custom made, and of oak tanned leatlier. The merits of the manufacture of this factory are attested by an ever increasing demand. In Bits and Spurs, and otlier goods of that chiss, Jos. Baldwin & Co., 254 Market street, manufacture an immense number of first class quality and all hand made. Of some articles they make twenty difterent patterns, combining strength and safety, in an eminent degree. Steam Boilers ai e a large manufacture 1 >y three firms. In this branch, BuiiJsET & Leonard, 448 to 452 Ogden street, are the patentees of a machine for riveting boilers by steam power. In the manufacture of Boots and Shoes, there are twenty-one extensive establishments, employing sixteen hundred and fifty -four hands, and the produc- tions of Newark take rank with the first in the country. In Brass Worl\ tliere are a large number of firms, with a great variety of productions. Many houses make a specialty of some individual branch, such as saddlery or plumljers' work. Hedges & Bro., No. 7 New^ Jersey lailroad avenue, and other firms, make a specialty of gas cocks, and fittings for steam, water and gas. George E. Parker, 23 River street, and others devote themselves to brass castings and machinery, and Browe Bros., 1G Bank street, are adding to their business, brass castings of all description. In the manufacture of Brushes, four firms arelquite largely engaged. E. & W. Dixon, Commerce street, make everything almost in the way of brushes of the best quality, as does also George Graff, of 67 Springfield avenue. Builders are a numerous class, and their ^vork of the most superior kind. Of tiiese, the principal and most largely engaged are Meeker & IIedden, Ogden, al)ove Orange street. Reeve, Battin & How^ard, rear of 18 Walnut sireet, and J. M. Smith & Bro., 9 Nassau street, the latter manufacturing church furniture, &c., extensively, also. Buttons of all kinds are very largely made; there are eight firms engaged, one of which emph)ys as many as one hunderd and twenty hands. The manufacture of Bone Fertiliz rs is represented by the firm of Lister Brothers, by the Passaic Carlon Worls^ situated on the river IjcIoa' the Zinc Works. In this line these works are probably the most extensive in the world. Comprising ten large buildings with immense steam power, the most approved machinery, wagons, freight l»o.its, ample wdiarfage, and a force of two hunclred and fifty hands. Notwithstanding that tiie production of the Fertilizer itself is immense, it is not by nny means the only product. Many most important articles of commerce are also made, such as tal- low, bone, charcoal, glue and Egyptian powder. In a sanitary point of view the establishment is one of the most valuable we possess. It collects and utilizes all the bones of the cattle, the meats of which supply the tables of our own, and neighljoring citits, removes tho.se unsold in the market, gathers up those left in our houses, and by these means adds to the general health, and renders sweet and clean our streets and houses. The beuefits also of ihe various manufactured products are almost incalcuable. One of the principal of the. Pi U2 HE 1 — 1 ti *-d ^^¥0X, MANUFACTURER OF No. 145 Green Street, Corner of McWhokter, NEWARK, N. J. XTV^EIN^XY-XHIRJJ YJE^R, NEWARK JEWELRY STORE, New Location, 908 Broad Street, Geneva Stem WindiD^ ^\ atclies of the Muest qualit}-, Waltham Watches, Elgin Watches, also E. Howard & Co.'s"'Watches, Diamonds and Jeweliy, Silver and Silver-Plated Goods, Gold, Silver and Steel Spectacles and Eye Glasses. A large variety of patterns for Hair Jewelry, Erench and Amer- ican Clocks" Watches. Clocks and Jewelry repaired in the best manner. Engraving done to order. ' J^^ Second Block from the"^ Newark and N. Y. R. R. Station. RICH'D SMITH. iA\ AND «1 New and beautiful designs in Antique, Bronze, Silver, and Fire Qilt. We would call especial at- tention to the •PERF0F(ATED l^OD, Which combininu' two colors of metal, inoduces an elegance never before attained. To save trouble and annoyance, buy the I>ROP FIXTURE, which is the simplest In the market. Carpet Thread, Binding, Tacks, Upholsterers' Hardware, and Brass and Zinc Stair PlsTtes. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, with prices. W. T. & J. MERSER.EATI, 62 DUANE STREET, N. Y., & 27 R. R. AVE., NEWARK, N. J ESTABLISHED 1865. MA-vjUFACTURER OF <$> Patentee of Several Improvements. 35 WARREN STREET CORNER CHURCH. leluf J 5i |twi5k:, |e |,, zm |iii9:l | ||ul?f ff \it. NEWARK Smelting a nd Refini ng Works. ED. BALBACH & SON. Office: 233 River' Street, A. p. BALDWIN. ESTABLISHED IX 1S46. JOS. BALDWIN & CO.. Xo. ^54 Market Street, ^^ewai-k, T^J". J. SADLEEY HAKDWAEE MANUFACTURERS FINE WROUGHT ENGLISH BITS, DANIELS' STYLES, In various grades, of Steel- Polished, Silver and Oreide Plated. Proprie- tors of tlie BALDWIN BIT, [Patented May 2-2, 1868,] to prevent one rein pulling : for easy driving and readily turning the horse, and a Bit that the horse cannot bolt with by holding in the teeth. SOI.E MANUFACTURERS OF Frost's Patent Flexible Rubber Mouth Bits. Also, Plain Rubber Mouth and Leather Mouth Bits, Curb Chains, Gilt Martingale Chains, &c. Wrought Bits made in any Style to Order. We manufacture Styles expressly for the ISIexicau, South American and Cuba Markets. REEVE, HOWARD & BATTIN, BOT.B1ES & ilEPlIf IBS, REAR OF 18 WALNUT ST.. G, W. REEVE. ) X,. H. HOWARD, V J. 31. BATTIN. ) '^'m'^Wtx^'Mf M'» #« THF.O. Nl, ELY, SOLE MANUFACTURER OF > Lmbricating, JM a c h. i la. e, ■^ri Screw-bolt, Spiixdle, Sig- j J / rial aiici Briclt Oils, ALSO DEALER IN Sperin, Lard., AVliale, Eleph.ant, Tanner s', Crnde and. other Oils. I\o. 39 ]^EC1IA:\1C ST. l^EVFARK, I\. J. « V! K- © « ^ w m M h- P4 •asL ^ a <« m ^- w ^ P5 ijii o sji 02 <1 ^ ^ ^ m m i:^ ^ ^ >- CD N3 > w COLC & BALLARD, MANUFACTUREKS OF Jhe ^z^t, AND {Ihzape^t IN THE ^^jmited' ^TATE^. SLEIGHS, WAGONS, VELOCIPEDES, K\, 200, 202, 204, 206 Aeadenw Street, GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 93 employing individually, three iiundred hands and over ; with all the applilinces of superior machinery, specially invented for the purpose. Hat bodies, hat l)locks, and liat machinery are necessarily large manufactures also. Hoop STcirt Wire is surprising in its extent ; one lirm having in operation five glazing machines and three hundred and fifty braiding machines, each with six bobbins, and braiding about one thousand pounds of wire a day. Horn Jeicelry is also a rather strange article of manufacture, nevertheless some very beautiful articles are made. In the manufacture of Harness and Saddlery, there are «>ver twenty firms very largely engaged, and having a market in every quarter of the globe. Representative of Newark harness manufacturers, may be ment oned the firm of N. J. De.marest & Co., 13 and 1-4 Division Place, who employ a hundred hands, and whose productions rank in the very highest order of excellence. Although the factory of this firm is five stories in height, it has become too small for their operations, and larger buildmgs are in contemplation, a suflicieiit attestation of the" excellence of their manufactures, and of their resources and prosperity. The market for the production of Messrs. Demarestct Co. is not confined to the United States, but extends to Europe, the Indies, Australia and Japan; the Sandwich Islands and South America being also large customers. The firm filled some immense contracts for France during thfc Franco-Prussian war, in more than one case, making and delivering four thousand sets artillery harness in eleven to twelve working days. On the capitulation of Paris they had under negotiation a contract for the delivery of twenty-four thousand sets within forty days. Unvarying excellence, l^romptnesss, and activity such as this, are what give Newark manufactures their hijjh standing. India Rubber Goods— Boots and Shoes, Carriage Cloths, Aprons, Clothing, Druggists' and Station- ers' Goods, Piano Covers, &c., Ink, lusoles, Iron — Bank Safes, Bedsteads, Boil- ers, Castings, Columns, Cresting, for French Roofs, Factory Stoves, Girders,Grates, Lintels, Shutters, Machinery, Railings, Steam En- gines, &c"^, etc.. Iron Small Wares.. The manufacture of Iron Madiinery tCr., ia all its departments is one of the largest industries in Newark. There are over a hundred firms, large and small, engaged in the various branches into which the manufacture of iron naturally divides itself, employing about five thousand hands, and with a product of probably greatly more than five millions of dollars. A notice of some housvs will be found under the head of machinery, steam engines and boil- ers: the malleable and grey iron foundries of Oscar Barnet, may be mentioned here. He has two in operation, or)e fronting on Hamilton. Bruen and Mc^Yhorter streets ; the other on RaiFroad avenue, and Johnson street. The two places are connected with each other by telegraph, and last year turned out over a million pounds of grey, and two hundred thousand pounds malleable castings; the difterent articles produced being too multitudinous for mention. There are three extensive India Muller establish- 9 94 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. ments, employing four hundred liaiids. One is devoted entirely to the manufacture of boots and shoes; another to that of clothing, and the tliird to stationers' and druggists' articles. Japan, Jewelry — Boquets of Tri-Colored Gokl^ Bracelets, Chains, Guards, Diamond Clusters, Jet Jcwelrj-, Lockets, Necklaces, Pius and Ear Drops, Rings, plain, engraved and with Sets, Sleeve Buttons, Shirt Studs, Watch Cases, &c., 6zc., Jewelers' Dies, " Machines, " Tools, " Settings. Jewel)'}/ is one ot the most astonisliing l)ranches of manufacture in Newark. There ?iVG forty -nine firms engaged in employing tioo thousand, four hundred and ffCy-three hands, enough one would think to ornament the ears, necks, and fingers of all the beauty of the Union, and adorn their admirers with studs, chains and finger rings besides. The world might Ije challenged to produce finer or more exquisite jewelry than the manufacturers of Newark. Tif- fany has no finer or better workmanship than Durand, Richard- son and others. Some firms manufacture almost everytliing con- ceivable ; others make a specialty of some particular branch. Jno. F. Littell, of 21 and 23 Green street, for instance, devotes himself entirely to the making of rings principally for gentlemen, the finish of which are beautiful ; while others manufacture only chains, or some other individual article. Gold refining, lapidary's work, and the manufacture of the necessary machinery for jewelers, are neces- sary adjuncts. Kindling Wood, Kitchen Tongs and Lid Lifters Kerosene, Knives— Butchers', Drawing, Pen, Pocket, Planing, Table, Tobacco, &c., kc, Leather Cloth, Levels, Lemon Squeezers, Life Preservers, Lightening Rods, Liiien Collars, Lithography, Licorice, en-bloc, Locks— Bank, Coach, House, Safe, Piano, Prison, Trunk, Sewnig Machine, &c., Looking Glasses, Looking Glasses & Picture Framse. -Ladders, Lamps, Lamp Black, Lamp Burners, Lanterns — Coach, Engine & Stable, Lantern Trimmings, Lapidaries' Work, Lasts, Leather— Bag, Book-Binders', Car- riage, Bridle, Buckskin, Chamois, Morocco, Parchment, Saddle and Harness, Patent and Enameled, Trunk,and in every form in which Leather is Manufactured, Lamjjs of all kinds are extensively made, of which an important branch necessarily arising from thg very large Ijuilding of carriages in the city, is the manufacture of Carriarje and CoacJi Lamps. A beautiful variety of these, together with fire engine signals, are made by Kichardson & Hall, 32 Mechanic street, who have every facility for the production of the finest articles in that line. The first Fattnt or' Enameled Leather made in the United States was made in Newark, by one of its favorite sons, the late Seth Boyden. The city retains the prestige of the invention, and defies all com- petition in that now large branch of manufacture. The room in GUIDE TO THE CITT OF NEWARK. 95 Tvhich the first skin was enameled is still in daily use, by tha firm of S. Halsey & Son, in tiieir manufactory at the corner of Ship- man street and Springfield avenue. The extracting of Liquorice from the root is a new industry in Newark. A London firm have recently erected extensive and substantial brick works for this purpose on the canal, north of Bloonifield avenue. The roots are gathered on the shores of the ^Slediterranean sea, principally in Asia Minor and the northern European shores. It is first crushed, then boiled in large iron tanks or vats, and pressed by hydraulic jDOwer ; all the machinery being made expressly for the purpose. Not being designed for medical purposes, it is not put up as the liquorice of the drug stores, but is run into large boxes containing from two to three hundred pounds in one solid cake. The market is principally in the southern and western States, where it is ex- tensively used in the flavoring of tobacco. A considerable ware- house has been constructed at the Newark liquorice works for the storage ot the root, and altogether the manufacture is an exceed- ingly interesting one. The manufacture of Locks and Padlocks is one of great interest and importance, and is carrred on Ijy several large firms; principal among these is the firm of Romer & Co., 141 to 145 New Jersey railroad avenue, who make a specialty of Locks for railroad purposes, such as switch padlocks, and freight and passenger car locks. This firm are the successors of H. C. Jones, the originator of the double acting switch and car lock, and are themselves patentees of several valuable improvements, combining the most perfect security with convenience and ease of action. They have supplied and are still supplying the general government through the post office department with the padlocks for the U. S. mail bags. The most recent novelty of the firm is the already celebrated, //'/f key j^cidlock^ which they are now manufacturing very largely. Its great beauty consists in the most perfect safety, and the smallness of the key which is scarcely felt in a corner of the vest pocket. They have also just patented an invention which is really a novelty of universal interest and use. It is a lock for the kiij hole of the door locks of stores and dwellings. It consists of a brass cover which fits into and over the key hole with great ease and simplicity but in such a manner that t!ie door lock cannot possibly be opened or tampered with, unless by the use of its own key. The firm are proceeding very rapidly with the manufacture of this most useful invention, which will be placed upon the market immediately, Messrs. Romer & Co., are manufacturers also of piano, sewing machine, and cabinet locks. They issue a very valuable catalogue with seventy-eighr illustrations which may be had on application. Machinery — Boilers, Drain Pipe, Hat Manufacturers' Hoisting, Hydraulic Presses, Lathes, Paper Mill, Pile Driving, Planing, Iron and Wood, Presses, Saw Mill, Sugar Mill, Stean Engines, Wood Working, etc., ifcc, ^ Machinery — Light, for Jewelers, Printers, Watch Makers, &c.. Maciiinery Oil, Machinists' Tools, Machine Twist, :S[antles— Marble, >Lirbleized Mar- ble, Marbleized Slate and Wood, Mai-ble Work, Masonic Jewelry, Mattresses, Mechanics' Tools, 96 GUIDE TO TUB CITY OF NEWARK. Metal Spinninir, Metalic Signs, Military Trimmiugs, Millinery Boxes, Minini^ Candles, Mining Knives, Miners' Tools, Mitre Machines, Models, Morocco, Mortisint; Machines, Mosquito Nels, Mouldiuo; Mills, Mouth Pieces— Metalic and Por- celain. Mustard. In the nianiifiicture of 3Iaciiine 2 wist there are three firms engaged, the largest l^eing the Singek Company. It is believed that there is no establishment on either continent so extensive as this, devoted to that onejmrijose. Sewing silk is also manufactured, and a move- ment is on foot for the manufacture of silk in other branches. In Machinery and Machinists' Tools the manufacture is carried on to an enormous extent. The cards of the following houses will be found in other pages. Hewes & Phillips, Ogden street, one of the largest and best machine shops in the United States, whose steam fire engines and other machinery are to be found in monitors and dictators; in oil, cotton, gold, and other regions throughout the United States, and in many parts of Europe, Asia and other coun- tries. Skinner, Leary & Lindsley, 23 to 27 Lawrence st., making largely, steam engines, derricks, and ci-ntraclors' machinery, eleva- tors for factories and stores, and many others. J. S. Mundy', No. 7 Railroad avenue, who makes a sj^ecialty of hoisting, pumping, dummy and stationary engines, together with shafting, pullies, hangers, i&c. W. E. Cass, 61 and 63 Hamilton street, who devotes himself to light machinery for jewelers, watchmakers, and others, presses, experimental machinery and models. H. W. Chapman, 22 Mechanic street, who also makes fine machinery, models, experi- mental machinery, dies, &c. ; and the large machine shop of Hawkins & Dodge, 56 Morris and Essex railroad avenue who make extensively amongst other things, steam engines, Crosby's blind wiring machine, Hall's mitre cutter for wood moulding. Dodge's section and force pumps, shafting and hangers, with improved self oil boxes, ifec, &c. Marhle Worl\ requiring a fine taste for design- ing and a genius for art, as well as skill in manufactures, is largely and successfully prosecuted by five firms. The most prominent of these is the firm of Passmoee & Meeker, whose beautiful marble building on Market street, below Broad, has already been noticed in these pages. The taste and superior character of the work emanating from this house are universally known. Every one is familiar with their handsome monumental work, the constantly new and beautiful designs in mantels, and the perfect beauty of the marhle itself which they constantly use. All the modern im- provements in machinery adapted to marble working are to be found in the establishment, and a large force of skilled and efficient workmen. The marbles principally used are from Vermont and Tennessee, and the imported from Formosa and Italy. Granites from Quincy, Westerly and Scotland are also extensively worked — beautiful specimens being constantly on hand. Nails, Nailed Shoes, Name Plates, Naptha, Neat's Foot Oil, Nickel Plating, Non-Conductors. Nuts and Wrenches, GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 97 Quite an extensive manufactory of Mosquito Nets has been estab- lished on the canal, above Bloon^tield avenue, employing about twenty-tive hands, and much beautiful machinery driven by steam power. The i»eautiful process of Nickel Plating with a finish equal to silver, is extensively carried on under the patent of the New York Plating Company, by L. A. Smith, in the rear of 111 and 113 Raih-oad avenue. In this class of work no one has a better reputa- tion than Mr. Smith, who is also extensively engaged in fire and electro-plating. Oil Refineries, Oil Cloth — Carriage, Floor, Stair, and Table, Oil St ells, Oilers, Omnibuses, Organs, Ornaments — Brass, Glass, Irou, Plaster, Wood, for almost any conceivable purpose. Amongst other things, Oilers are a most important instrument for the smooth working of the thousands of machines and machinery daily running in a city such as ours. J. H. White, 175 and 179 Chestnut street, manufactures these most extensively of all kinds and sizes, and is sole manufacturer of the Olmstead's imjjroved oilers, the cup of which attached to the spout is to be tilled with cotton waste to collect the drip, and thus keep the fingers from being soiled with oil. J. H. White, also manufactures satchel frames and trimmings, bal)y carriage trimmings, and stationers' and trunk makers" l^rass work. Oils — Lnoricating or Machinery^ the manufacture of Theo. M. Ely, takes a first rank, having re- ceived the first premium at the New Jersey State Agricultural Fair, in 1871. It is entirely free from gum and possesses wearing properties equal to sperm or lard. The lieautiful manufacture of Oil Cloth is also an extensive industry, many of the firms employing over a hundred hands. Amongst such a multiplicity of produc- tions the lal)ors of the Ornainental Jcrpdnner finds large occasion for his servicos. Among these we may notice the workmanship of Mr. George Price, 323 Market street, who ranks first in the line. Ornaments of every kind are also in a large demand and extensively made. Packing Boxes, Pads and Pad Cloths, Padlocks, Paints, Paper Boxes, Paper Mill Machinery, Paper— Fancy, Glazed, for Trunks, Parchments,' Patent Cloth, '' Enameled Leather, Packages — Spice Nests, and Nests of Boxes for domestic and_other purposes. Pavements, Patented Articles, in immense numbers, Pearl Work— Buttons, Knife Han- dle, Pen and Pencil Holders, &c.. Pianos, Piano Stools, Planing Mills, Planer's, for Wood and Irou, Plasterers — Ornamental Work, Plows, Plumbers' Work — Plmbs & Levels. Poles and Shafts, Portable Hoisting Jacks, Potteries — Chemical Ware, Churns , Chimney Tops, Drain Pipe, Flow- er Pots," Garden Vases, Portable Furnaces,Stone and yellow Ware, White and Earthen Ware, Fully Blocks, Pumps, Pump Valves. 98 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. The manufiictiire of Paints is carried on b\- two firms, Tueks & CooPETj, opposite ^Morris tfc Essex railroad depot, may be mentioned as the makers of a supeiior quality of white lead, &c. Patent Leather is a large and important industry already noticed. Pianos are made by two firms. Charles Beck, of No. 12 Green street, makes a most excellent instrument, of which he has a large number for sale. There are four Potteries in the city of large extent. Representing this branch, that of Atchison & Ogden, at the corner of Chestnut and McWhorter streets, may be indicated. In addition to stone and yellow ware, they manufacture flower pots, garden vases, and those beautiful "rnament?, hanging baskets for flowers, now so much in use, and are very largely engaged in the produc- tion of vitrified and drain pipe, of which they make numerous sizes. Rai? Engines, Rolls— Hand and Power, Ranroad Tools, Roofers' Material, Railroad Conductors' Punches, Rope and Twine, Razors, Rules, Refrigerators, Rnlers, Riding Reins and Bridles, Russialine. Revolving Pressure Door Springs, We desire to call attention to a most superior article of Pdding Bridles, Driving Reins and Martingales, made by Jos. Clement, 294 Market street. Nothing superior to them is made or imported, as is admitted by every one \^i\o gives attention to his manufacture. He also makes largely, and of the same excellent quality of segar and spectacle cases, shot pouches, &c. Russialine^p a new aad beautiful material designed as an economical substititfe' for morocco and leather, in the manufacture of all articles into which these enter. Carriages, trunks, bags, books, &c. Sad Irons— Common, Revolving, Self- Heating, Tailors' Irons and Geese, Saddlery, Saddlery Hardware, Saddlerv Ornaments, Saddlers' Tools, Safes— Fire and Burglar Proof, Vault Linings and Doors, Family Plate, Sails, Salad Oil, Sand Paper, Sash, Doors and Blinds, Satchels, Satchel Frames, Saws— Circular, Mill, Drag, Cross Cut, Ice, Web, Hand, Butchers', Pruning, etc., &c., Saw Mills, Scales and Weights, Scroll Sawing, Sealing W^ax, Segars, Seirar Cases, Segar Boxes, Shawl Straps, Shaft Couplings, Shating Machines, Shears and Scissor; of every de- scription, Sheet Iron Work, Shipwrights' Work, Shirts, Shirt Fronts, Collars and Wrists, Shot Pouches, Signals lor Steam Engines, Silver, and Silver Plated Ware- Cake Baskets, Castors, Knives, Forks. Pitchers, Waiters, etc.. Sizing, Skates, Skirts, Skirt Wiie, Sleighs, Slippers, Small Wares — Brass, German Sil- ver, Iron, Spun and Stamped, Soap, Soda and Mineral Waters, GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 9& Solder, Solder Grinders, Speaking Pipe and Bell Tube, Spectacles, Spectacle Cases, Spokes, Spoke and Wheel Machinery, Springs— Buggy, Cart, Coach, Spring Punches, Spring Bed Bottoms, Steam Boilers— High and Low Pres- sure, Portable, Hoisting, Fire, Rag, Stationary', &c., Steam Boiler Flue Brushes, Steam Fire Engines, Steel Works, Steel and Brass Fancy Goods, Step Ladders, Straw Hats, Stone Cutters' Work, Spun Brass and Iron Work, Stoves, Spurs and Stirrups, Studs— Gold, Pearl, &c.. Stair Building, Sugar Mills, Stair Rods, j Surfacing Machines. Stationers's Hardware, | Saddlery has been alread}^ noticed under the heading of Harness. Safes are made by two firms; largely by Lewis C. Lillie, No. 46 Bridge street, corner of Spring. In Sasli., Doors and Blinds, the immense establishment of ]\Ieekeii & Hedden, Ogdeu, above Orange street, is at the head. It is a perfect marvel of systematic industry, employing two hundred and seventy-five men, and conducting simultaneously, house, church and Inidge building, the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds, planing, scroll and circular sawing, wood turning, &c. ; paiuting, glazing, and finishing everything on their own premises. The works which are of immense extent' front on the river with wharfage of one hundred feet, run back to, and beyond Ogden street, one hundred and sixty feet ; the various extensive and well-arranged buildings are heated throughout by steam, no fire being allow^ed anywhere but in the engine room. The only Saw manufactures in Newark are Richakdson Bugs., of the Passaic Saw Works on Railroad Place. This firm, however, manu- facture every kind of saw, from the largest to the tiniest fret or lock saw ; having such a reputation for quality, as to command a market in all parts"of the United States and Canada. There are several very extensive Saw Mills, the largest being those of David Ripley ifc Sons, between the canal and river ac the foot of Commerce street. The manufacture of Segars and Tobacco has attained very consider- able magnitude ; ten firms being largely, and numberless others in a simxller way engaged. Silver and Silver Plated Ware, is among others manufactured by Jos. B. Mayo, 32 Mechanic street, and IG Bank street, the designs, quality and workmanship being of the most superior kind. Stair Building is quite a large branch of industry, also represented by Geo. H. Vanderhoff, 8 Sixth ave., and others. The manufscture of Stair Rods is a large and most important branch, admirably represented by the firm of W. T. & J. Mersereau, 27 Railroad avenue, near Market street depot. The factory is a very extensive one, and the process exceedingly inter- esting and beautiful ; every contrivance known tu science being- employed in the furtherance and perfection of the work. When finished, the rods comprise about eighty difterent kinds, brass, wood and iron lined, plated with gold and silver, nickel- plated, fire gilt, and bronzed, together with a beautiful article in papier-macfie. In shape they are flat, oval, octagon, fluted, con- cave, half round and square, and the styles of ornamentation numerous and novel. The fastenings include loops, bands and 100 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. buttons ; and a superior fastening recently patented by the firm. Messrs. Mersereau are also manufacturers of dog collars, of great beauty ; an 1 of Balsley's patent step ladder, the lightest and strongest article of the kind yet invented. The NewarTc Steel Worlis produce bars of the first quality, suitable for edge tools and table cutlery. Machinery and agricultural implements, files, springs, and anvils; and also for implements of war, such as swords, bayonets, ramrods and sun metal. Tables, Table Covers, Tacks, Tanneries, Tea Trays, Telegraph Machines, Thread— Silk and Cotton, Tin Ware— Japanned, Planished, and Plain, Tobacco, Tobacco Knives, Tools — Cabinet Makers, & Carpen- ters' Edo-e Tools, Jewelers' and Miners', Railroad, and Saddlers' Stone Masons, Trunk Makers and every other. Toys, Traveling Bags, " " Frames, " " Trimmings, Trucks, Trunk Boxes, " Hardware, " Ornaments and Pockets, Turning in Wood and Ivory, Twist and Sewino- Silk. In Newark we have two of the largest T€legra2:>Mc Instrument manufactories in the United States ; and also the largest Thread manufactory, employing over one thousand hands alone. Tools are made by a large '^ umber of firms, having an excellent repre- sentative in William Johnson, of the Hedenberg Works, whose productions, especially carpenters' tools, plumbs, levels, screw driveis, gauges, spokeshaves, &c., are of the most superior quality, and unsurpassed in style and finish. X. patent adjustment in the plumbs and levels manufactured by Mr. Johnson is remarkable for simplicity, durability and ease of adjustment. Screw drivers are made from steel manufjictured expressly for the purpose; and spokeshaves of a superior quality to those imported may be said to be manufactured only in this establishment. Mr. Johnson jiiakes also a large variety of other tools, and articles of use ; his list com- prising over sixty in all. Traveling Bags and TrunJcs are manufac- tures that usually go together, and the manufacture of both is im- mense in Newnrk. Many of the establishments employ three and four hundred hands, with productions unrivaled in quality as well as in quantity. Traveling Bags, however, are very largely made by themselves, or made a specialty by individual firms as in the case of William Roemer & Co., 75 Mulberry street, at the eastern end of Centre Market, whose bags are of the most finished workman- ship. The styles of this house are exceedingly beautiful, and the quality kept up to the highest standard. Ultramarine Blue, Umbrellas and Parasols, Urns. Varnish— Coach, Fiuniture,Demar, Shellac, Japans, Vinegar— Cider, Wiue, French, Vises. Varnish is also another manufacture of great extent. There are fourteen firms engaged, and probably the annual product does GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 101 not fall short of a million of dollars, a birger amount than can be shown by any other city in the Union. Cutting, Boring, Jointing, Mor- ticing, Moulding, Planing and Matching, Sawing and Resawing, Spoke and Wheels, Surfacing, Tenoning, &c., in all about one hundred different Machines, Wool Mats, Wrenches and Drills, Zinc Works' Wagons, of every description, Watch Cases, Wheels, White Lead, White Metal Goods — Mountings, for all kinds of Glass Ware, etc., Window Shades, Winkers, Wire Works, Wood Working Machinery — Corner III Wood Working Macliinerij Ahe uwewtion?, for economizing space and time are numerous and excellent. In this connection there are several new and sj^ecial improvements made by M. B. Tidey, of the Hedenberg Works, worthy of mention. Great pains and won- derful ingenuity have been brought to bear in the productions of his machines, rendering them so perfect in all particulars, so com- pact and light as to leave no room, one would thinii for further improvement. Mr. Tidey has over twenty most valuable improve- ments, the most recent of which is a circular saw taNe, with various new and valuable combinations, pertaining to cabinet, pat- tern and general carpenter work. Also his cutting o^^ saw, relative to general use; and a man-motive poioer for circular sawing, and other purposes, designed to supersede anything heretofore produced. NEWARK INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION. On the 20th of August of the present summer, a first exhibition of the various industries of the city of Newark will be opened for inspection. As it is designed to be annual recurrence, a notice of the fact is approi^riate to these pages. The arrangements are under the charge of a Board Managers of our best citizens, of whom the following are the officers : Hon. Marcus L. Ward, president, Thomas B. Peddie, first vice-president, Leopold Graf, second vice-president, David Campbell, third vice-president, Albert M. Holbrook, secre- ary, Isaac Gaston, treasurer. The movement has l)een endorsed by the city authorities, and the Board of trade It is certain there- fore to result in a series of most interesting expositions of the skilled industry of our citizens, in which every class of people and all sections of the Union may find both interest and profit. From the pages immediately preceding, strangers may gather some idea of the immense variety of our manufactures, and the Exhibition itself will very certainly prove, that in point of quality, they are not only entitled to take rank with the best productions of the Union, but that in many branches they surpass those of any other city. The Exhibition will probably be opened for some weeks and the period of holding it has been expressly chosen at a time when the merchants and business men of almost all the States make their annual visit to New York. The location of the Fair has also been 102 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. decided on with a view to economize the time of such visitors as can only spend a limited number of hours in Newark. The Skating- Binl which is being improved and enlarged for the purpose, is within gunshot of the centre of the cit3% and within three to eight minutes walk of the stations of every railroad that enters it. There is no time therefore lost in going to, or returning from the grounds. Return tickets from New York costing only tldrty-Jive cents the roimd trip, enal)le visitors from that city to 1)6 in the Exhibition within thirty minutes, and return to their hotel again, if necessary, with ease and comfoi't in the evening. This can be done through a delightful country, and by the elegant cars of three lines of rail- road, connecting with the ferries at Cortlandt, Liberty, Chambers and Desbrosses streets, and running at intervals of half an hour, from early morning until midnight. Direct communication is also had w^ith every other part of the country, and a cordial invitation has been extended by tlie Board of Managers to all the people of the Union to visit Newark at the time of the Exhibition, and judge for themselves of the variety and excellence of tlie daily productions of this, the first manufacturing city of America, if estimated relatively to population, Mr. A. M. Holbrook, 758 Broad street, is secretary of the Newark Industrial Exposition, to whom communications or application for information can be addressed. GUIDE We conline our Guide to such Ofhces, Institutions and places of importance as citizens and strangers most frequently wish to visit^ and such also as have a definite location. Information in regard to Medical, Masonic and other Societies, will be found in the City Directory. ASYLUMS, HOSPITALS AND HOMES. Boys' Lodging House and Children's Aid Society, 144 Market street. German Hospital. Bank street, above Wallace. Home for the Friendless, Springfield avenue and Howard street. Hospital of St. Barnabas, High and Montgomery streets. Newark Orphans' Asylum, High and Bleecker streets. New Jersey Home for Disabled Soldiers, Seventh avenue, opposite- Factory street. Protestant Foster Home Society. 284 Belleville avenue. St. James' R. C. Hospital and Orphan Asylum, Lafayette and Madison streets. St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, South Orange road. St. iMary's Hospital, Washington and Bleecker streets. St. MichaeFs Hospital, High and Nesbit streets. Home of the Society for the Relief of Respectable Aged Women ^ 231 and 227 Mt. Pleasant avenue. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. BANKS. Essex County National, 751 and 7o3 Broad. First National, of Newark, 786 Broad. Mechanics National, of Newark, 768 Broad. National Newark Banking Company, 759 Broad. National State Bank, of Newark, 810 and 812 Broad. Newark City National, 756 Broad. Second National, of Newark, 772 Broad. Merchants and Manufacturers, 76i Broad. Merchants National, 703 Broad. BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATIONS. Brothers of the Christian School, 70 Nesbitt street. Emerald Benevolent Society, meets in Catholic Institute. Erina Benevolent Societ}-, meets in Catholic Institute. Female Charitable Society, of Newark, N. J.. First Directress, ;Mrs. Sarah Graham, 141 Washington. Hibernia Provident Society, meets Catholic Institute. Laborers Benevolent Society. Ladies' Co-operative Society, Hospital of St. Barnabas. First Directress, Mrs. A. Q. Keasbey, Clinton avenue and Quintou street. Mutual Temperance Society, meets at school house, 33 Mulberry st, St. James' Benevolent Society, meets Madison and Lafayette sr. St. Joseph Benevolent Society, meets at Catholic Institute St. Patrick Temperance Benevolent Society, meets school house, 66 Nesbitt street. St. Peter's Benevolent Society, meets Church and Canfield streets. Sisters of Charity, 104 Washington street. Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, High and Nesbitt streets. BUSINESS BUILDINGS AND BLOCKS. Adelphi Building, south-east corner Market and Mulberry sts. City Armory, Orange street, hear Broad. Compton's Building, 216 Market street. Court House, head of Market street. Goldsmitljs' Hall, Maple, oif 44 Green street. Hamilton Building, Hamilton street, near N. J. Railroad Hedenburg Works, or Taylor Works, Warren, below High. Klotz Building, now City Armory. Kremlin Place, 870 to 876 Broad street. Library Building, 147 to 149 Market street. McFarland's Building, Market, corner of Lawrence. McGregor's Building, 850 and 852 Broad street Masonic Hall Building, 483 Broad street. Nassau Works, or Bishop's Factory, Nassau 5t,, cor. Sheffield. Newark Catholic Industrial Building, 76 and 78 New street. Newark Savings Institution Building, 800 to 804 Broad street. Our Building, 657 to 659 Broad street. ■Rhodes' Building, 443 to 445 Broad street. State Bank Building 810 to 812 Broad street. Union Building, 6 to 17 Mulberry street. Wheaton's Block, Market street and Railroad Place. Young Men's Christian Building, West Park street, near Broad. 104 GUIDE TO TUE CITY OF NEWARK, CHURCHES AND MISSIONS. First Presbyterian, 818 Broad street, Rev. J. F. Stearns, D.D. Second Presbyterian. 25 Washington, Rev. Jos. Few Smitli. D.D. Third Presbyterian, 911 Broad street, Rev. E. R. Craven, D.D. Central Presbyterian, 236 AVashington, Rev.Wm. T. Findley, D.D. Park Church Chapel, 347 Broad street, Rev. Prentiss de Veuve, Sixth Presbyterian, 88 Union street. Rev. M. F. HoUister. High Street Presbyterian, 592 High st.,Rev. J. H. Mcllvaine, D.D. South Park Presbyterian, 1035 Broad, Rev. J. P. Wilson. D.D. Roseville Presbyterian, 44 Roseville avenue. Rev. C. T. Haley. Wickliffe Presbyterian, 137 Wicklifte, Rev. H. N. Brinsmade, D.D. Calvary Chapel, 86 Pennsylvania avenue, Rev. Walter Condict. First German, 39 Morton street, Rev. J. U. Guenther. Second German. 24 Sussex avenue. Rev. W. Strobel. Third German, 85 Madison street, Rev, G. C. Seibert. Plane street (colored), 235 Plane street. Rev. W. AV. Morris. Woodside Presl)yterian, Wooiiside, Rev. C. Eddy. First Presln'terian (Gerui .n Missior.) 208 Spruce street. Second Presbyterian Mission, 24 Sussex avenue. High Street Presbyterian Mission, 154 Baldwin street. South Park Presbyterian Mission, 379 Mulberry street. Roseville Presbyterian Mission. 19 Bruce street First United Presbyterian, 30 Clinton, Rev. Archibald Crawford. First Congregational, 29 Clinton street. Rev. W. B. Brown, Belleville Avenue Congregational, 76 Belleville avenue. Rev. C. B. Hulbert. First Reformed, 211 Market street, Rev. E. P, Terhune, D.D, Second Reformed, McWhorter Square, 35 Ferry, Rev, C. Brett North Reformed, 510 Broad street, Rev, Charles E. Hart. Clinton Avenue Reformed, Clinton avenue, corner Church, Rev. Wm. J, R, Taylor, D.D, East Reformed, 475 Ferry street. Rev. Isaac B. Brokaw. West Newark (German) Reformed, Blum, Rev. John Weinisch. First Baptist, 13 Academy street. Rev. H. C, Fish, D.D. South Baptist, 19 East Kinney street, Rev. John Dowling, D.D. North Baptist, 145 Orange street. Fifth Baptist, 110 Prospect street. Rev. D. C. H[ughes. Fairmount Baptist. 207 Bank street. Mount Pleosant Baptist, 120 Belleville avenue. First (German) Baptist, 28 Mercer street. Rev. Henry Trumpf Eist Newark Mission Hall, Fourth stieet. Roseville Baptist, Warren st cor. Gould ave„ Rev. Geo. E. Horr. Sherman Avenue Baptist, Rev. Franklin Johnson. Pilgrim Baptist, Herman street, corner Thomas. Trinity, 008 Broad street. Rev. William R. Nicholson, D.D. Grace, 956 Broad street. Rev. Robert E. Dennison. Christ, 76 Prospect stieet. Rev. J. N. Stansbury. House of Prayer, 399 Broad street, Rev. Hannibal Goodwin. St. PauFs, 456 High sti-eet. Rev. Joseph H. Smith. St. Barnabas, Sussex avenue, Rev. Wm. G. Farrington. St. John's, Woodside, Rev. Samuel Hall. Sr. Philips's (colored), 330 High street. Rev. W. T. Webbe. WM. JOHNSON, HEDENBERG WORKS, NEWARK, N. J. Manufactures the best quality of W li n LEVELS, s '^ PINKING IRONS, COMPASSES, COI»II»A8S-OITII>F.KS, SAW SETS, SARDINE KNIVES AND SCISSORS, Belt or Sadler's Fianclxes, AND A GREAT VAKIETY OF B Tools & Hardware. *■«« PLUMBS & LEVELS Have the Best Adjustment in the Trade. Is Guarauteed, and all are of Superior Style. SPOKESHAVES Are of the best quality, aud very liioli tlnish. SEilD FOE PHICS LIST AND DISCOUNTS. mwwmmA • A M. B. TIDEY, HEDENBERG WORKS, NEWARK, N. J. In calling attention to the articles of my manufacture, I would say that having been engaged for the past several years in experimenting and per- fecting patterns, with reference to making my Machinery more especiaU;/ complete than any corresponding machinery extant, I am now prepared to offer to any responsible party wanting superior Machinery, to supply theni with anv which I make, on the condition that the same be given a fair test by use, and if not found more than o»6 hundred per vent better than the goods of a like nature made by others, they may return the same to me at my expense. Some of the articles perfected by me as per the foregoing, are viz : Cabinet Jfttkers' Joijitiny Jfachine.cer Corner Catting Machine.^. Combining the grooving, chamfering, and other appliances, requisite for doing the entire work in the construction of the drawer. Cabinet Makers' S'tnd-Paper 3[achines, with vertical traversing spindles. With one or two spindles for coarse and fine paper, having detachable cylinders of different diameters for work of different circles. Cabinet Makers' Sand-Paper Machines with horizontal spindles. With detachable cone forms of different size and shape, and having, also, a drum for surface smoothing, and a sand paper face plate, with guide and slide at- tachment, for sanding either side or end work, square or at any desired angle Cabinet Makers' Double Compound Adjustable Cnttina-Off and Dadoing Machines. For cutting off both ends of a piece of stuff of any desired length, and cutting therein any number of dado gains of any desired width, depth, or space at one operation. Cabinet and Pattern Makers' Combined Rip and Cut-Off Saws. So made that they may be alternately brought into service, and supplied with gauges, slides, &c., for general work. Iron Frame Sivlnging Cut-Off-' Saws. Very complete ; four sizes and kinds. Ripping Saw Tables, of very superior construction ; six varieties and nine different vsizes, combining various attachments, making the Saw a cutting- off Saw, or to accomT)lish the various Tvork of plowing, rabbeting, jointing, edging long boards, and cutting stuff to any angle, either in a longitudinal or'transverse direction. Man Motive Poicer Machine. By which one mechanic and a laborer will do the sawing, plowing, &c., oi.ftve mechanics. Sash, Blind, and Door Makers' Plowing, Jointing, Rabbeting, and Panel Raising Machines. Sash Makers' Meeting-Rail Dovetail Machine. By which the work is dovetailed on both sides, coped and fitted by a single operation, ready to go together, requiring no trimming after P'aving the maciiine. Box and Trunk Makers' Hit nd Matching Machines. Double and single, and two sizes. Box and Trunk Makers' Corner Cutting Machines. For various widths of works. Frame Makers' Mitre a)id Bevel Cutting Saios. Three sizes. Adjustable Counter Shafts. Various sizes. Expanding Dado and Plowing Cutter Head. A very superior article, made to work any width, from half inch upwards, and from a given to double that width. ITniversal Groove and Dado Cutter. Twelve sizes. Circular Saw r^rtJ/f/e.?, with bevel and panel splitting attachments. Two kinds and five sizes. Hinged Journal Cap Circular Sa70 Mandrels. Twelve Sizes. Newark. July, 13?^. M. B. TIDEY. XX NEWARK MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE CO., CHARTERED IX 1311, Office, 741 & 743 Broad Street, Assets Ne arly $5 00.000.00. C. M. VVOODRUFR Pres^ JOHN J HENRY, Secy Tins Company is noiu one of the Strongest Institutions in the State^ and aims rather to Insure its Patrons at a very moderate cost, than to do an extended and \azardons hf /.sin ess. J. H. I^HITE, MANUFACTUPvEK OF SATCHEL AND BAG TRIMMINGS, Baby Carriage Trinimiiiir-. Stationers* and Trunk Makers' Brass Wcrk. &c. SOLE MAKER OF OLMSTEADS' SELF-RIGHTING OILERS- Nos. I 75. 1 77 & I 79 Chestnut St, Newark. N. J Dies and Too!.- mide -'or all descriptions of .Metal Work. THE MERCHANTS SWtttual itt^uvancc (!5a., e.^^ 776 & 778 Broad Street, newark, n. j. STATEMENT, JULY 1, 1S72. J!)/\P\T/kL ^TOCK, A S S K T S : Real Estate, _ . - - Loans on Bonds and Mortgages, United States Bonds, Market Value, Loans on Call, Stock Collateral, - Cash and Cash Items, Interest Accrued, . . - . Premiums in Course of Collection, Rents Due, ._-_-. City Bonds, & Loans on Commercial Paper Office Furniture, $200,000 186,500 00 259,555 00 12,600 00 60,875 00 16,153 67 5,000 00 24.332 57 900 00 18.699 32 2,699 60 $487-315 16 Liabilities, . - _ - $20,625 03 Patronage Eespectfully Solicited ; Hates Fair and Losses Promptly Adjusted ard Paid. DIRECTOIIS : SILAS MERCHANT, President. C. G. CRANE, Firm Bailey, Crane & Webster. MOSES T. BAKER, Master Builde r HORACE FREEMAM, Insurance Broker. O. L. BALDWT5I, Caeh^r Mechanics National Bank, Newark. GEORGE B. GUERIN Firm Guerin & Vanderlioof. GEORGE M. DAWES, 305 Wash- ington Street. SAM"L A. BALDWIN, Firm Bald- L. SPENCER GOBLE, Gen-] Ag'nt Mutual Life Ins. Co., New York. C. S. TITS WORTH, Counsellor at . Law. DAVID C. DODD, Jr., Firm Dodd & Hedges. N. F. BLANCHARD, Firm Blan- chard, Bro. & Lane. LEWIS J. LYONS, Firm L. J. Lyons & Co. SAM'L ATWATER, Firm Atwater & Carter. G. W. APPLETON, Cashier Slate Bank, New Brunsv.ick. win Eros. SILAS MEECHANT, Prest. JOSEPH 0. NICHOLS, Surveyor and Adjuster GEORGE NEEEUS, Solicitor, HENEY PCWLES, Secy. GUIDE TO THE CITT OF NEWARK. 105 St. Stephen's, Clinton Hill, Rev. E. N. Boggs. Rutlierfarcl Memorial, Third street, Rev. Charles Douglas. Wesley Chapel Methodist, 75 Halsey. Franklin Street Methodist, 19 Franklin, Rev. J. R. Daniels. Clinton Street Methodist, 11 Clinton street, Rev. G. F. Dickinson. Central, 227 Market, Rev. Georo^e S. Hare, D.D. St. Paul's Methodist, 977 Broad street, O. H. Tiffany, D.D. Union Street Methodist, 143 Union street. Rev. D. Wolters. Eighth Avenue Methodist, 76 Eighth ave., Rev. S. H. Opdyke. Trinity jMethodist, 228 Warren street, J. I Bos well. St. Luke's 144 Clinton avenue. Rev. C. Van Benschoteu. Roseville Methodist, Myrtle avenue, Rev. J. R. Adams. Ashbury Methodist, 510 Market street. Rev. J. Faull. East Newark, Third street, Rev. J. L. Hays. Centenary Chapel, 110 Belleville avenue. Rev. R. B, Collins. First (German), Mulberry street, Rev. J. W. Freund. Second (German), 251 Court street. St. John's (colored), 107 Academy, Rev. John L. H. Sweres. Bethel (colored), 48 Catharine street. City Mission, 74 Elm street, Fletcher Lummis. Mission Chapel, Ferry street. Houston Stieet Mission, 63 Houston street. Mission Chapel, Bergen street. Strawbridge Mission, East Kinney street. Rev. a. L. Brice, Presiding Elder. First Methodist Protestant, 18 Hill street, Rev. David Wilson, First (German) Protestant, 27 Prince street. German, 115 Halsey street. Rev. Philip Krug. German, 144 Court street. Rev. John Steiner. First Bethel Mission (dock), near Railroad Place. Union Universalist, 41 Fair street. St Patrick's Cathedral; 83 Washington street, Rt. Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, D.D. St. John's, 26 Mulberry street, Rev. T, M. Killeen. St. James', Lafayette street. Rev. J, M. Gervais. St. Joseph's 84 Hudson street. Rev. J. F. Dalton. St. Mary's (German), 532 High street. Rev. Romanus Hill, O. S. B. St. Peter's (German), 36 Belmont avenue. Rev. Godfried Prieth. St. Benedict's (German), Barbara st., served by the Benedictines Benai Jeshuran, 324 Washington street, Rabbi Joseph Leucht. Benai Abraham, 55 Bank. Benai Oheb Scholem, 27 Prince street. Rabbi A. N. Coleman. German Evangelical Protes., 60 Mulberry st.. Rev. F. A. Lehlbach. Harmonial Association of Spiritualists, 9 Bank street. Receivers of the Doctrines of the New Church, 12 Academy st. Second Adventists, 9 Bank street. DISTRICT PHYSICIANS' OFFICES. First— 1st and 8th Wards, Dr. W. S. Ward, 12 Bridge street. Second— 2d and 4th Wards, Dr. J. A. Cross, 63 Market street. 10 106 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. Third— 3d, 9tli and lOth Wards, Dr. J. D. Osborne, 1034 Broad. Fourth— 5th and 12th Wards, Dr. E. A. Osborne, 34 Ferry street. Fifth- Cth and 13th AVards, Dr. Zehnder. 60 South Orange ave. Sixth— 7th and 11th Wards, Dr. P. V. P. Hewlett 377 High st. Seventh— Gth and 7th Wards (parts of). Dr. C. Stickney, 05 South Orange avenue. EXPRESS CO.MPANIES. Adams' Express (New Jersey Express Company, Agents), 208 Market street. City Express, 107 and 208 ;Market street. Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, cflice corner of Broad and Division streets. New Jersey Express C.)nipany, 208 Market street. Traders' Express Company, 178 Market, 44G Brtd New York Railroad— (a Branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey.) Broad street, below Mechanic, Ferr-j dreet Station, eastward at Ferry and Prospect streets, where all trains stop. East Ferry street Station, at Feiry street, near St, Charles, where certain trains to New York stop. Depot op the New Jersey Railroad— (leased by the Penn- sylvania Central Railroad.) Market street and New Jersey Rail- road avenue, where all trains stop. Centre street Station, north ward, at Mulberry and Centre street, and Chestnut street Station^ southward at Chestnut and New Jersey Railroad avenue, at both of which almost all trains stop. South Broad street Station, still further south at the intersection of Broad street with the railroad, at which certain trains stop, principally on signal, or notice to conductor. Depot of the Newark and Paterson Railroad, (branch of the Erie Railroad), Fourth and Passaic avenues, TELEGRAPH OFFICES. Western Union, 182 Market street. Branches at the Morris and Essex Railroad Depot, and the Market street Depot of the New^ Jersey Railroad. Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph Company, office 180^ Market street TRUST COMPANIES. American Trust Companies of New York, 738 Broad street. Republic Trust Company of Newark, 812 Broad street. State Trust Co. of New Jersey, 781 Broad street. ABSTRACT OF CITY ORDINANCES. AMUSEMENTS ON THE PUBLIC STREETS.— No person shall engage in any amusement calculated to frighten horses or annoy persons passing on the streets. Penalty, five dollars. ANIMALS. — Horses, sheep, goats, swine, geese, and neat cattle, generally, are not permitted to run at large on the streets. Penalty, five dollars. ASHES. — For the prevention of Fires, it is ordained, that no ashes shall be put on a wooden floor in any building, or in any wooden box or barrel, on such floor, under a penalty of ten dollars. Scavengers are required to remove all ashes and refuse matter from the houses of the city, once a day, from the first of June to the first of October, and twice a week from October to June. The inhabitants and house keepers of the various districts are required to have all such refuse ready for the scavenger, in light tubs, boxes or buckets, and permit him to remove the same. Those neglecting or refusing to do this are liable to a penalty of ten dollars. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF KEWAKK. Ill AWNIXGS. — Wooden awniugs are prohibited. Owners or oc- cupants of stores or dwellings are permitted to erect upright iron brackets or frames for awnings on their buildings ; but the}- must be firmly fixed, not allowed to project bej'ond the sidewalk, or be more than ten feet wide in any case whatever, and placed not more than ten or less than eight feet high. Penalty, ten dollars, and two dollars a day till altered or removed. The erection of cloth or canvas awnings from the street, must be done under the supervision of the Street Commissioner. With the necessary provisions, awning makers are usually familiar. No part of the cloth or canvas of an awning is permitted to hang loosely over the sidewalk. Penalty, two dollars, every day it is allowed to remain. BATHING is not permitted in the waters of, or bounding the city, by day, or within two hundred yards of any dwelling at any time. Penalty, two dollars. BAY WINDOWS, or any other windows, must not extend more than one foot into the street, from any dwelling or store. Penalty, fifty dollars. BEGGARS, vagrants or common mendicants, on conviction are liable to a fine of not more than twenty-five dollars, or imprison- ment not exceeding ten days. BUILDINGS. — The powder to regulate and control the manner of Iniilding dwelling houses, and all other dwellings, is vested in Common Council by the city charter; as also the power to raze or demolish any building when necessary to prevent the spread of a conflagration ; and the right in such cases to provide compen- sation to the owners. Within the fire limits, buildings must be of fire fire proof materials ; the manner of construction being definitely prescribed by ordinance. Wooden and frame buildings w'aen damaged by fire are allowed to be repaired or rebuilt, if the injury be not greater than two-thirds of the value, exclusive of the foundation. For the alteration or extension of frame buildings within the fire district, a permit must be obtained by application to Common Common, signed by the Fire Marshal, which remains in force one year BURIAL OF THE DEAD.— No interment can be made in any cemetery or other place, without a permit. This is granted by the City Clerk, or by the Mayor in his absence, to the sexton or under- taker, or other person applying, on presentation of a certificate of the attending physician, or by a coroner setting forth the name, age, and cause of death of the deceased. Graves are to be at lease six feet deep, and interments made in separate graves under a penalty of ten dollars. Removal of the remains of deceased per- sons is permitted on application to the Mayor or City Clerk. When extraordinary circumstances enter into a case of desired removal, the matter is referred to Common Council. CARTS, WAGONS, TRUCKS AND DRAYS, must be licensed, and the owner must put the number of its license conspicuously on every vehicle, under a penalty of ten dollars, The legal rates of cartage, are as follows : 112 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. Oue load b}' a one horse cart, wagon, &c., one mile or less, . S 45 One load exceeding one mile, and within city limits 65 One load Ijy two liorse cart, A:c., one mile or less 75 One load exceeding- one mile, and within city limits 1 00 One load fnrniture^f loadhig, unloading and housing] 1 50 Housing in second story, additional , 25 Housing higher than second story, additional 50 When on the stand, cartmen are not allowed to refuse their services, and are punished for any attempt to extort more than legal rates. CELLARS.— >Jo Cellar door is allowed to extend into the street more than a twelfth part of the width of the street; and no porch is allowed to be erected over the cellar door, in any street. Penalty in each case, fifty dollars. CHIMNEYS, STOVE PIPES, OR FLUES must not he permitted to take fire, under a penalty of ten dollars. CISTERN'S. VAULTS AND AREAS, must not be constructed on any street witnout the written permission of the Street Com- missioner. Applications for permission to erect such, must be in writing, stating the location, and intended length and width. In no case are they allowed to extend beyond the line of the side- walk, and are to i^e made of stone or brick. Every area must be enclosed with a railing, and doors to open inwardh'', under penalty of twenty dollars, and five dollars a day, for every day neglected. DEAD ANIMALS. — When domestic animals die within the city, from disease or otherwise, notice must be given within six hours to the officer in attendance at the police station, under penalty of ten dollars. Without the written permission of the Mayor, they must not be skinned or buried in the city. Penalty, twenty dollars. A contractor, appointed by the Committee on Police of the City Council, will remove all such, promptly, after notice has been left at the station. DISTRICT PHYSICIANS are appointed by City Council to the various districts of the city. Each must reside in the district to which he is appointed ; and his duties are to visit and administer to all indigent sick persons who may apply for medical advice and assistance ; to have them nursed and properly cared for, and have the needed prescriptions made up, if necessary, at the City Hospital. After the first visit to a patient, claiming to be indigent, they may require to be procured a certificate from the overseer of the poor, that the person is in indigent circumstances, and unable to procure medical advice and assistance, at his or her own expense. DOGS. —Every dog suffered to go at large must have a collar round its neck witii the name and Residence of its owner distinctly marked in letters thereon. Penalty, two doUa.is. From time to time. Common Council may establish Pounds for dogs, where all dogs not properly muzzled with a wire muzzle, may be taken or driven by any citizen. If not released within twenty-four hours by the owners, dogs so impounded may be killed. It is lawful for any person to kill all dogs not so muzzled, or which may attempt to bite any person or animal. DRUNKARDS. — Any one in such a state of intoxicatron, on the GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 113. streets, or in a private house, as to be an annoyance to citizens, is, on conviction, to be fined in two dollars, or imprisoned for a term not exceeding ten days. It is the duty of the police, on personal view, to arrest and take all such persons before one of the Police Justices of the city, and it is lawful for. the Justice, on his personal view, or on confession of the party, or on due proof, to convict and sentence. FIRE LIMITS in which wooden buildings are no longer per- mitted to be built, are established by ordinance, and are from time to time enlarged. The present limits begin at Broad and Mill Brook and run southward to Clay, to Ogdeu, to Bridge, to South Bridge to Front, to Fulton, to River, to New Jersey Railroad track, to bridge over the Morris and Essex canal, near canal lock, across the Xew Jersey Railroad, and along river to ]\[arket, to Union, to Elm, to New Jersey Railroad, to Chestnut, to South Broad, to Broad, to Spruce, to "Washington, to Court, to Shi})man, to William, to High, to Clay, to Broad, to place of beginning, at Miii Brook. FIRE WORKS are not allowed to be made in city. Penalty, fifty dollars. Cannon or fire arms are not allowed to be discharged, or squibs or crackers exploded, except by permission of the Mayor or Common Council. Penalty, five dollars. GUN POWDER. — Except iu a magazine duly authorized by Common Council, not more than thirty pounds of powder is allowed to be kept in any house or store, under a penalty of fifty dollars; ana no gun powder whatever is to be kept except in tin cases or canisters securely closed, remote from fires and gas, and easily removed in case of fire. Penalty, twenty dollars. No powder must be carted through the streets, except in well hooped casks or cases, and these again entirely covered with a bag or other covering, so as to protect its contents being spilled or scattered. Penalty,, twenty-five dollars. No vehicle conveying gun powder is allowed, to stop anywhere except at the place of loading or unloading. Penalty, twenty-five dollars. Vessels or boats whose cargo consists in whole or in part of gun powder, must have all lights used, protected by a close glass lantern. Penalty, fifty dollars. HACKS. — Any person keeping hacks, carriages, gtages, &c., for the transportation of passengers in the city, must be licensed. As soon as licensed, he must have the number designated in plain figures, over the sides of his vehicle and on the lamps. A card with the name of the owner, the number of license and the rates of fare, must be conveniently posted in each vehicle, and exhibited when required by passengers. No owner can recover pay from a passenger from whom he has demanded more than the legal fare. When waiting for employment at any place, as on a hackstand, at a railroad station, or steamboat landing, he cannot refuse to convey any person to any place within the city limits. Rates of fare are as follows : One passenger, one mile or less 40 Cents. Every additional i^assenirer 20 " One passen2;er, over a mile and within the city limits 60 " Every additional passenger 20 " Children between two arid foiu-teen years of age, half-price. Under two, no charge. 114 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. One horse hack or carriaoje, by the day $o 00 Two horse hack or carriage, by the day 8 00 ■ One seat vehicle, Avith one horse, by the honr 75 Two seat vehicle, for the first hour' 1 00 Every succeeins: hour 75 Two horse vehicle for the first hour 1 25 Every succeeding- hour 1 OO Attending Funerals within city limits, one seat vehicle drawn by one horse 2 00 Two seat vehicle, drawn by one horse 2 50 Vehicle drawn by two horses 4 00 Where time is not specified on the engagement of a carriage, it is deemed to he engaged by the mile. One trunk or 25 pounds of ordinary traveling baggage is allowed free to each passenger. Every additional trunk or other article is charged for a distance of a mile or under, ten cents ; more than a mile and within city limits, twenty cents. HAY, STRAW AND WOOD, must not wait for §ale on any l^ublic street, other than at Centre Market, and such portions of adjoining streets as may be designated by the clerk of Centre Market. Penalty, live dollars. They may be sold and delivered, however, casually in passing along to the Market. HOISTWAYS. — Every building in which there is a Hoistway, must have a trap door for the purpose of closing it ; and it must be securely and carefully closed on the completion of each days business. HORSES. — must not be left on the streets without being securely fastened. Penalty, five dollars. All such are liable to be im- pounded. They must not be fastened, however, in such a manner that the reins will be an obstacle to the free use of the sidewalks, under a penalty of five dollars. No horse with a cart or wagon is allowed to be backed or driven on the sidewalks for loading, un- loading, or any other purpose, except when passing into a yard or lot. Penalty, ten dollars. The highest rate of speed allowed on the public streets is six miles an hour, and street corners must not be turned faster than a walk. Horse racing on the streets is prohibited under a penalty of ten dollars ; and no horse and sleigh is allowed to be driven through the streets without bells. ICE AND SNOW must be removed from the sidewalks by the owners or occupants of buildings and lots, within six hours after it falls, under a penalty of five dollars. At the same time, or at any time when the gutters become obstructed by snow or ice, or anything whatever, they must be cleaned out to a width of two feet, so that water may run freely along them. Penalty, two dollars. KITES. — Raising or flying kites is ])rohibited on the streets. Penalty, five dollars. LICENSES.— Under penalty, a special license must be taken out before commencing the following businesses: butchers, venders of fish, hacks and cabs, wagons and drays, scavengers, night scav- engers, hawkers and peddlers, auctioneers, pawnbrokers and junk shops and saloon keepers. All such licenses expire, and must be rencAved on tlie first Monday in ]\Iay. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWAKK. 115 MARKETS. — The public markets are established for the sale of meats, fish, butter, cheese, fruit and vegetables. Every da}' in the week is market day, except Sunday. - The meat markets close every day at one o'clock, except on Saturdays, when they are kept open till half-past seven in the evening. The clerks of markets have entire power for their regulation. NUISANCES. — Some of these have been noticed in other por- tions of these ordinances. The following further items are im- portant. It is a nuisance to deposit or leave any unwholesome substance, such as dead carcases, putrid fish or meat, ofl:al, etc., on any street or lot, or in the canal or river. Penalty, ten dollars. It is a nuisance to deposit vegetables, garbage, cinders, dirty water, filth, or rubbish of any kind, in the streets or vacant lots. Penalty, two dollars. It is a nuisance to construct within the lamp districts, any other sink, privy or cess-pool, than such as are made of brick or stone, and at least eight feet deep, if practicable. Penalty, twenty-five dollars. It is a nuisance to construct any privy, sink or ccss-pool, with- out leaving at least two feet of solid earth, or solid mason work laid in mortar or cement, between such, and the adjoining lot. Penalty, twenty-five dollars. It is a nuisance to build any such cess-pool, etc., within ten feet of any street. Penalty, twenty five dollars. It is nuisance to prevent any privy or sink to be, and remain in such a condition by reason of defective construction or otherwise, as to discharge any thing foul or oftetisive, upon an adjacent lot. Penalty, ten dollars for every week. It is a nuisance to deposit garbage, dead animals or oftal, ifcc, in any privy or sink. Penalty, twenty-five dollars. It is a nuisance to carry the contents of an}- such, through the streets, except in vehicles, eftectually covered and water tight. Penalty, ten dollars. It is a nuisance to transport swill or garbage through the streets except in such water tight boxes or other vessels, as will prevent leakage or scattering on the streets. Penalty, two dollars. It is a nusiance to erect a slaughter house in the lamp district, and except by permission of two thirds or the Common Council, within at least four hundred feet of any dwelling house. Penalty, fifty dollars. It is a nuisance to kill or dress any flesh meat in any market, store or dwelling house, within the city. Penalty, fifty dollars. It is a nuisance to keep swine or goats, within the lamp districts, without the permission of the jVIayor, registered, and renew^ed an- nually. Penalty, ten dollars for each animal. PETROLEUM OR BENZINE is not allowed to be stored or kept within the city, in greater quantity than fifty gallon^, without a license from Common Council. Penalty, fifty dollars. PLATFORMS AND STOOPS must not be constructed to ex- tend to more than one tenth the width of the street, nor more than seven feet in any case ; they must not liave other than open backs, sides or railing, nor exceed five feet in height. Penalty, fifty dollars. 116 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. POSTS must not be erected in any street, unless under the direc- "tion of the Street Commissioners, Penalty, live dollars. POUNDS.— Pounds-masters are appointed by Common Council who are required to furnish a proper and sufficiently enclosed yard, to which horses, sheep, gouts, swine, geese or neat cattle of any description may be driven when found at large on the public streets. The pound-master is required to keep a record of all such, and when animals are not claimed within five days, he is, after three day's notice, empowered to sell. Out of the proceeds of the sale he may retain the amount of his fees, and all other charges incurred, and pay over the balance to the owner, if applied for ; or other- wise make a return of it to the city treasurer. Under penalty no person is allowed to break open a public pound, or to delay or obstruct those engaged in driving animals thither. SEWERS AND DRAINS, and all connections therewith, are to be constructed under the supervision of the Street Commissioner, contracts having been awarded by the Council Committee on sew- erage and drainage. Connections with city mains can be made by owners of property on any street at their own expense, or on the written request of a majority of them, and on condition that all city ordinances are obeyed during the construction. To prevent the formation of deposits in sewers it is ordained, that nothing having a tendency io fill them up shall be allowed to flow from any dwelling house, manufactory, brewery, or other building, under penalty of fifty dollars. No butcher's offal, dead animals, or obstruction of any kind is permitted to be placed in, or in such manner as to be carried into the receiving basin or sewer. Penalty, ten dollars; and no person is allowed to break, injure or remove any portion of the receiving basin, covering flag, Otc, or obstruct the mouth of any drain or sewer, under a penalty of twenty-five dollars. SHADE TREES must be planted within the outer line of the sidewalk, and within two feet of the outer line. Any one putting them out otherwise, is liable to a fine of five dollars, and two dollars for every week they are allowed to remain. No person except the ow^ner is allowed to cut down or injure any shade tree, unless by direction of the Street Commissioner, for the purpose of regulating and improving the street. Penalty, twenty-five dollars. Horses or other animals are not allowed to be fastened to shade or ornamental trees, or their boxes, under a penalty of five dollars. SIDEWALKS are at all times to be kept clear of incumbrances to pedestrians. No canvas from awnings must l^e allowed to hang- loosely from the same ; no sign, show card, or show case can be erected or hung uj), prjecting more than three feet from the front wall, or within eight feet of the sidewalk. Bay windows must not extend into the street more than one foot. No horse, wagon or vehicle is peimitted to be led or pushed back upon the sidewalk •except wdiile crossing the same to go into a yard or lot ; and no owners of stores or dwellings may permit this to be done in front of their premises, either to load or unload, or for any purpose whatever. Coal and sawed wood must not remain on the side- walk for a longer period than two hours, all under the penalty of from five to ten dollars. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. 117 SLAUGHTER HOUSES are prohibited to be erected or used within four hundred feet of any dwelling-house, unless by per- mission of a majority of tvvo-thirtis of Common Council, taken by- ayes and noes. Penalty, fifty dollars. SMAI>L-POX. Physiciaos are required to report every case of small-pox occuring in tlie course of their practice, to the Board of Health. In every case of small-pox or varioloid, it is the duty of the family or occupant ot the premises, whether store-house, shop, or other building, to put up a card or sign i^ a conspicuous place in front, with the words, '" small pox," printed on it in plain let- ters not less than two inches in length, and keep it so posted dur- ing all the time the patient shall remain in the building. Penalty, twency-five dollars. Any person who shall remove, cover, injure or deface such sign, is liable to the same penalty. STABLES are cot to b" erected within the fire limits, nearer than forty feet of any dwelling-house or church, unless by permission of two-thirds of Council. Lights are not permitted to be used in them, unless well secured in a lantern. Penalty, ten dollars. STREET CROSSINGS must not be obstructed l)y the stopping of horses or vehicles upon them, or by putting any obstacle upon them of any kind, under a penalty of five dollars. VACANT LOTS.— The City Charter gives Common Council tlie power to authorize the Street Commissioner to direct the digging down, drawing, filling up, or fencing of all vacant lots when neces- sary to prevent or abate a nuisance, the expense to be assessd on the owners. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.— It is the duty of the City Sealer of Weights and ^Measures to make an annual inspection, or as much oftener as he may see proper, of all weights and measures for use in tlie city of Ne<\'ark. It is the duty of all persons using weights and measures to have them confomied to the standard of the State of New Jersey, and to have them sealed and marked by the City Sealer. All measures of extension over counters or other L....;:es, must be marked by brass headed, or such other nails as may be plainly seen. No person is allowed to refuse to exhibit any weight or measure for the purpose of being ins^^ected ; nor is he permitted in any way to obstruct the Sealer in the performance of his duty, under a jjenalty of twenty-five dollars. Weights and measures may be insj3ected, adjusted and sealed at the place where they they are used, or they may be sent for the purpose, by and at the expense of the owner. When the Sealer requires this to be done, they must be sent within three days, under a penalty of ten dollars. WHARVES. — A Superintendent of Wharves and Docks is ap- pointed by Common Council, and takes charge of them generally. Citizens or others are not permitted, o^Dposite the wharves or in any part of the river to deposite any earth, ashes or other heavy sub- stance, any filthy or floating matter, or any obstructions whatever, under a penalty of ten dollars, for each offence. 11 118 GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK. ESSEX COUXTY. Essex county, of whicli the city of Nevrark occupies the south- eastern section, contains an area of seventy-nine thousand, eight hundred and fifty-three acrei<, and is bounded on the east by Hudson county, from which it is separated by the Passaic river and Newark bay, Hudson in its turn beiug bounded eastwardly by the North river and bay of New York; on the south by Union county ; on the west by INIorris county ; on the north ijy Passaic county. In popuhation, resources and general prosperity, all these neighboring counties follow in the wake of Essex county. In the first, Jersey City, six miles distant, has a population of 82,798. In the second, Elizabeth City, nominally four miles distant, but actually adjoining, has a population of 20,919. In the third, the growing town of Morris has a population of 5,673, and in the last, Paterson, not more than ten miles distant, and with numerous towns and villages touching each other in the intervals, has a population of 33,573. The whole district in which these are situated is so filled up with streets, avenues, and roads, everywhere meeting with, and intersecting each other, and so studded over with the residences, places of business and manu- factories of a people in such close proximity, and with so much homogeneity of interest, as to have suggested the idea, and given rise to concurrent resolutions of the two branches of the legislature, naming commissioners to investigate and report to the next session ot the legislature, as to the '' present rate of progress and probable future increase of the trade, commerce and popula- ation," of the major part of the district named, with a view to the formation of a city, comprising the whole territory. This movement, if favorably reported on, and consummated, would at this present hour create a city with a population approaching half a million of people, and an assessed property value of over thi'ce hundred millions of dollars. Essex county is divided into thirteen townships, with a total population, according to the last census, of 143,839, the following being the official returns for each : Belleville, 3,644 ; Bloomfield, 4,580; Caldwell, 2,727; Clinton, 2,240; E. Orange, 4,315; Liv- ingston, 1,157 ; Milburn, 1,675; Montclair, 2,853; Newark, 105,- 059; Orange, 9348; S.Orange, 2,963; W. Orange, 2,106 ; Wood- side, 1.172. In these, the most important towns are those lying nearest our own city, Orange, Belleville, Bloomfield, Montclair, &c. Orange^ the largest of these is four miles west of Newark, and nestles directly at the foot of the >nounte!^ei xxviii ^:<^ "^ a > .^^ o > "-^^o^ -^' » -' s -oV*^' ■i.J-^^/ ^'i^''\ °-y^.'' ^*^^"\ '•-^^♦° ■* ^-^^ A\ CD