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Mexico 
 
 Fx> om. B o 2? de D? 
 
 via. Th ree Gateway s 
 

-crroca^^ri/-^- hciciovicLie^ de v\'t\\co. 
 
 
 SS?0(g 
 
 FroiriB ORDER 
 to CAPITAL 
 
 A Brief^ Descnpiion 
 of ike many inieresiin^ 
 places io be seen en route 
 io Mexico City via ilie 
 Lare<io, ilie Ea^le Pass 
 and ike El Paso Gateways 
 
 Issued. Ly tKe 
 
 GENERA.I. PASSENGER DKPARTMKNT 
 NATIONAL. RAILAVAYS OF MKXICO 
 
^IZ 
 
 

 
 ^* 
 
 '*'"***%^ 
 
 
 -" Each Plaza with Its Band-stand " 
 
 EXICO! Have you been there? Do you 
 know that picturesque repubHc? If not, 
 then picture to yourself a country of sun- 
 shine, roses and romance — a land where the 
 quaintness that once attracted the traveler 
 to foreign lands still exists; w^here, as yet, the feet of 
 the tourists have not trodden down customs and cere- 
 monies that hark back to the forgotten centuries ; where, 
 at the present time, progress has only added modern 
 comforts w^ithout destroying the charm of an age that is 
 now past in both the United States and Europe. It is 
 a land of contrast. From the w^indow of a tw^entieth 
 century Pullman you gaze on villages that existed when 
 Cortez and his band of "conquistadores ' landed at 
 Veracruz; at churches rich w^ith the decorations and 
 paintings gathered during the time of the Inquisition; 
 at pyramids and ruins that antedate even the records 
 of most ancient history. On the street a group of 
 
 
Indians trot past, chattering in the tongue of the ancient 
 Aztec, while in front of you "whiz touring cars of the 
 latest models. 
 
 This will, perhaps, give you an idea of the old and 
 new^ Mexico that, side by side, aw^aits to greet you; but 
 the beauty of its lakes and its mountains, the sunsets 
 on snow-crowned volcanoes, higher than the famed 
 Alps, its gardens of gorgeous blooms, must be seen to 
 be appreciated. 
 
 The camera that took the pictures that follow^ w^as 
 a good servant, but it w^as only a camera, and to the 
 eye alone is revealed the effulgent color-w^ork that 
 Nature, the master artist, has w^rought in Mexico. 
 
 And, w^hen you stop to consider the accessibility of 
 this great republic; w^hen you realize that a country so 
 foreign may be reached w^ithout loss of time or danger 
 of seasickness from an ocean trip; w^hen you realize 
 that Mexico is not a resort like Florida, but a nation — 
 nor has it a rainy winter like California; ^vhen you 
 realize that the City of Mexico is nearer to Chicago than 
 is Los Angeles, and that through Pullmans leave St. Louis 
 daily, carrying passengers to the City of Mexico w^ithout 
 change of cars; w^hen these facts are before you, and 
 you realize the convenience and 
 pleasure to be derived from 
 such a trip, you will ask 
 yourself 
 
 •'WHY NOT 
 
 GO TO 
 MEXICO?" 
 
 The Cargrador 
 
One of the Connecting Links Between ttie " bisur Kepublics " 
 
 NO matter whether you enter the Repubhc of 
 Mexico via the Laredo, the Eagle Pass or the 
 El Paso gateway, the American tourist bids fare- 
 well to his native flag and native land while crossing 
 the Rio Grande. The Mexican customs officials will 
 inspect your trunk and hand baggage at either Nuevo 
 Laredo, Ciudad Porfirio Diaz or Ciudad Juarez. This 
 inspection is a very simple matter, and will take only a 
 few minutes of your time. You should remain in the 
 car until the inspectors have examined the hand bag- 
 gage, then go to the baggage-room and unlock your 
 trunk, in order that its contents may also be inspected. 
 You may then exchange your United States money for 
 Mexican currency, receiving two Mexican dollars for 
 each American dollar. 
 
 A "passenger assistant" boards each train at Laredo, 
 Eagle Pass and El Paso, and will assist the passenger in 
 every way possible during the inspection of baggage. 
 
p 
 
 Remember that the baggage must be rechecked after 
 it has passed through the customs inspection. 
 
 Your first impression of Mexico will be sand — sand, 
 cactus and maguey. The maguey, a specie of century 
 plant, from which the Mexican extracts a sw^eet honey 
 w^ater (Agua Miel), which is delicious and a non- 
 intoxicant, but w^hich, once it is allowed to ferment, 
 becomes pulque, the national drink, and intoxicating. 
 
 Should you enter Mexico City via the Nuevo Laredo 
 gateway, the first important city w^hich you w^ill reach 
 is Monterrey, the leading industrial center of Northern 
 Mexico, w^ith a population of some 1 00,000 people. 
 Like all Mexican towns, it is replete w^ith historical 
 interest, and the old Bishop's palace bears on its sides 
 today the scars of that September conflict, in 1 846, w^hen 
 it w^as a storm center of that historic battle of Monterrey, 
 during the w^ar between Mexico and the United States. 
 Looking from the train's window^, you w^ill see in the 
 distance a mountain shaped like a Mexican saddle. 
 This is the celebrated "Saddle Mountain" of Monterrey. 
 The Topo Chico Hot Springs are located near this 
 city, and are famous for their thermal baths. 
 
 A branch line runs from Monterrey to Matamoros, 
 at the mouth of the Rio Grande, and just opposite 
 
 Brow^nsville, Texas. When 
 
 the bridge connecting 
 
 these tw^o cities is built 
 
 it w^ill open another 
 
 gatew^ay into the 
 
 republic. 
 
 Leaving Mon- 
 terrey, a little far- 
 ther south you w^ill 
 come to Saltillo, a 
 city of some 30,000 
 inhabitants, and 
 
capital of the State of Coahuila, which at one time 
 included all the territory of the State of Texas. A pretty 
 love romance connects itself with Saltillo, as it w^as here 
 that Andres Quintana Roo, an ardent patriot, rescued his 
 sweetheart, Leona Vicaria, from the prison w^here she 
 w^as confined under death sentence for her sympathy 
 for the cause of free Mexico — a tale that is very pretty 
 in its romantic and historical setting. There is much 
 in Saltillo to attract the tourist, and its climate, both 
 summer and w^inter, is ideal. Here, too, may be found 
 the finest zarapes (Indian blankets) in Mexico, a 
 genuine old Saltillo zarape being w^orth as much as 
 four hundred pesos. Overlooking the city stands the 
 old fort, built in 1847 by General Taylor, another 
 memento of the Mexican War. 
 
 When you have gone some 383 miles south of the 
 border, you cross the Tropic of Cancer, the boundary 
 being indicated by a monument, one side of vs^hich 
 reads, "Zona Templada," or Temperate Zone, and the 
 other side, "Zona Torrida," or Torrid Zone. Your 
 invasion of the Torrid Zone, how^ever, vv^ill bring no 
 discomfort from heat, as the elevation at the dividing 
 line is over six thousand feet. 
 
 San Luis Potosi, 
 a city of some 
 70,000 inhabitants, 
 is the first impor- 
 tant stop after cross- 
 ing the Tropic of 
 Cancer. It is one 
 of the most attract- 
 ive cities of Old 
 Mexico. Its market 
 place and bazars 
 prove of never- 
 
j^a- 
 
 
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 1 hf Old Aqiie.lucts 1 li,it htcp b(i CracefuUy Across the Land 
 
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 Queretaro, Where the Emperor Maximilian Was Executed 
 
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failing interest, reminding you of the quaintness of 
 Constantinople. The Alameda, adorned with the statue 
 of Hidalgo, is beautifully laid out. Its cathedral, which 
 faces the main plaza, is one of the handsomest in 
 Mexico. It w^as in San Luis Potosi that Juarez, the 
 Lincoln of Mexico, received the Princess Salm-Salm, 
 who had ridden wildly 1 20 miles across country to 
 plead for the life of the unfortunate Maximilian, a 
 prayer which Juarez, placing the safety and independ- 
 ence of his country above the dictates of his heart, 
 could not grant. Truly, a visit to San Luis Potosi is 
 well w^orth your w^hile. 
 
 From San Luis Potosi a line runs to Tampico, and 
 if you are an angler, then for you this is the trip of 
 trips, for at Tampico is found the celebrated tarpon, 
 a game fish which attracts hither sportsmen from all 
 parts of the w^orld. If you are not an angler, never- 
 theless make the trip, as the daylight ride from San 
 Luis Potosi to Tampico, through the Tamasopo Canon 
 is one of the most picturesque trips in the republic. 
 In fact, there are few^ trips in the w^orld that can equal 
 it for beauty. At the head of the canon a little river 
 jumps off in a pretty cascade, 
 tumbles over the rocks, foams 
 and frets over the great boul- 
 ders for some hun- 
 dreds of feet, then 
 dives into the 
 ground and is seen 
 no more for several 
 miles. In the rainy 
 season there is such 
 a volume of w^ater 
 that it cannot pass 
 through the under- 
 
 Thc C'hrisimas Booths, Mi\u n cit\ 
 
Toluca — Monument to Hiilalgo, 
 
 Katlier of Mexican Independence 
 
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 ground passage, but runs over what is now the dry 
 bed of the canon. 
 
 The canon w^idens and the view grow^s grandly. 
 Here and there the track is held by great w^alls of 
 stone, and coming to some jutting .crag too sharp, too 
 abrupt to build around, a tunnel is cut through. In 
 one place there are three w^ithin a few^ feet of each 
 other, so that a train of ten cars w^ould be in three 
 tunnels at one time. Passing from the darkness of 
 one of these tunnels into the broad light of brightest 
 day, the marvelous view^ bursts upon the vision v/ith no 
 w^arning of its stupendous immensity. Perpendicularly 
 down, more than a thousand feet, is the density of 
 tropical green that is shaded lighter up the mountain 
 side, and in a thousand hues, as the sunlight falls upon 
 them at this angle or that. Over on the other moun- 
 tain the bright spots of lighter green are patches of 
 sugar-cane, and here, below^ your track, is the delicate pink 
 of the rosewood tree ; each tree seems as one huge 
 posy, so thick the blossoms are. Far aw^ay over the 
 other mountains, far away over the other valleys, the 
 panorama, it seems, stretches to infinity, and w^hile v^^e 
 hear the rushing of the waters, 
 so far below^, w^e think we 
 can see the waters of an 
 aerial river, or the dis- 
 tant seas w^here earth 
 and air are lost in their 
 intermingling. 
 
 If ever Joseph's 
 brethren had led him 
 down into this pit of 
 St. Joseph — this Hoyo 
 de San Jose in the 
 Tamasopo Canon — 
 he w^ould never have 
 
 Quaint Pottery That Cliarms the Kye 
 
 •^ 4 A Mi 
 
i'^^^ , 
 
 ? 
 
 gotten out to distinguish himself either in Egypt or any- 
 where else. It is said to be bottomless. It is in evidence 
 that various and sundry burros, whose misfortunes forced 
 them over the brink, never returned, and that place 
 whence no burro returns has no stopping place of 
 even the narrowest proportions, and where a burro 
 cannot climb must partake of the perpendicular, or of 
 a polished surface. Indeed, this Hoyo de San Jose is 
 a wonderful hole-in-the-ground, where rivers of water 
 empty their torrents in the rainy season. There is no 
 oudet, and the pit does not fill up, then is it not 
 bottomless, quien sabe? The railroad must describe 
 a figure 8 to get around the pit, and just west of it 
 is established a little station and another safety switch 
 that is always set for the right track. 
 
 Here now are the full tropics, as you have dreamed 
 of them — great giant trees, with hanging vines from 
 the highest branches. These and the trees are covered 
 with orchids that flourish in the moisture of the mists 
 from the sea. This almost impenetrable forest is a 
 dense mass of verdure, from the topmost branches 
 to the ferns that grow in their shade. 
 
 But neither from words nor from pictures do you 
 gather an adequate idea of this trip which must be 
 
 included in your itinerary of 
 a country that abounds in 
 such richness of scenery. 
 Still going southward 
 from San Luis Potosi, 
 you w^ill pass Dolores 
 Hidalgo, the birth- 
 place of Mexican in- 
 dependence. From a 
 nearby church at 
 Atotonilco, Father 
 Hidalgo took the ban- 
 ner bearing the pic- 
 
 At the Crater's Brink — Popocatcptl 
 
 4 
 
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 Tlie Hall of Mosaics, 
 
 Ruins of Mitla 
 
 Tlie Ruii 
 
 sof Mithi 
 
 Near Oaxaci 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 Popocatepetl, tlie Highest Volcano in tlie World. 
 
 as seen from the \'illage of Aniecame<;a 
 
 111 
 
 i 
 u 
 
 .t1 
 
3 
 
 9 
 
 ture of the Virgin of Guadalupe, which became the stand- 
 ard of Mexican independence, and which today occupies 
 a place in the National Museum of Mexico City. The 
 bell of the little church, w^hich called the patriots to 
 arms, is the liberty bell of Mexico, and w^as transported 
 to the National Palace of Mexico City, w^here it is rung 
 every 1 5th of September by the President of the 
 republic. 
 
 At Gonzalez Junction you will find tw^o roads leading 
 to Mexico, the main line continuing via Queretaro; the 
 other line going via Acambaro and Toluca, w^ith a 
 branch running from Acambaro to Morelia, Patzcuaro 
 and Uruapan. 
 
 Should you follow the main line, your next interest- 
 ing stopping place w^ill be Queretaro, a city of some 
 45,000 inhabitants, the home of the opal, where the 
 last tragic act of Maximilian's bid for a throne took 
 place. Here the ill-fated emperor surrendered his 
 sword to the republican officials and ended forever 
 his dream of an empire. Here occurred his court- 
 martial and his imprisonment, and here, on the little 
 Cerro de las Campanas (Hill of the Bells), may be seen 
 
 the three marble slabs mark- 
 ig the place where Maxi- 
 milian, together w^ith his 
 two faithful generals, 
 Miramon and Mejia, 
 were executed. 
 
 From Queretaro 
 into the City of 
 Mexico the scen- 
 ery is beautiful 
 and the country 
 rich with legend- 
 ary lore and his- 
 
 The Oldest Railway Station in the World. Cuautla 
 
 ^h.'z. 
 
The Garden of Palms, 
 
 Cuautla 
 
 Tlie Iiidcpeiklenc't' Mumiment. 
 
 Puebla 
 
 jiV£VS^?:^ 1^ ?li ^^Th^Rh ^Jl 
 
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 toric interest. The suburbs of Mexico City, through 
 which your train will pass, were famous in the day 
 of the ancient Aztec rulers, and at Tacuba, on the 
 outskirts of the city, still stands a great tree, under 
 which Cortez wept the night of his defeat by the 
 Aztecs in the year I 520. In history it is recorded as 
 "El Arbol de la Noche Triste," or the tree of the dismal 
 night. 
 
 Your journey will come to an end at "Colonia' 
 station, in front of which is a small park or alameda, 
 opening onto the principal boulevard of Mexico City, 
 the celebrated " Paseo de la Reforma." Carriages both 
 of the red and of the blue flag will await to carry you to 
 your hotel or place of residence. A carriage bearing 
 the red flag costs 38 cents, Mexican currency, for each 
 half hour. Carriages with the blue flag will cost you 50 
 cents, Mexican currency, for each half hour. The charge 
 is the same, whether one or four passengers occupy the 
 carriage. On Sundays and holidays the rates are slightly 
 advanced. Each driver carries a card showing the tariff 
 and the days on which he is permitted to charge an 
 increase. A half hour is more than sufficient time 
 to transport you from the depot to any of the hotels. 
 You will stay in Mexico City as long as your time 
 
 permits, w^andering through 
 its quaint streets, prow^l- 
 ing through its pawn- 
 shops and bazars, 
 and visiting the 
 innumerable points 
 of interest that 
 abound on every 
 side. But no mat- 
 ter how long you 
 may stay there will 
 always be more to 
 'j^^^.m^s^x^.^-^^Sim^ . ^..^^^IL' ggg^ It- js g^ eity 
 
 Each Town Has Its 
 
 A 
 
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 to 
 
 J "951 
 
 1^ 
 
 A View of Vera Cruz from the Island of Sati Juan de Ulua 
 
 Th( Eternal Snow of Mount Orizaba, 
 
 ai hi-.-n from a Banana Plantation in Jalapa 
 
 Tlie Land of the Cocoanut Palm, San Juan de Ulua, the Prison Island, 
 
 V^ra Cruz in Vera Cruz Harbor 
 
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 cosmopolitan in the largest sense of the word, where 
 English, French, American, German, Spanish, Swiss, 
 Belgian and Italian colonies mix their fetes and cus- 
 toms with the Mexican ways. 
 
 Bullfights in the "Plcizas de Toros"; pelota, the 
 Spanish ball game, at the Fronton; polo, football, base- 
 ball, tennis, cricket and golf at its various country clubs; 
 fox-hunts and cross-country runs; with opera, tragedy, 
 comedy and vaudeville at the various theaters in 
 French, Spanish and Italian. Its "Paseo de la Reforma," 
 leading from the center of the city to the castle 
 grounds of Chapultepec, is one of the w^orld-famous 
 boulevards and presents an array of carriages, auto- 
 mobiles, dresses and jewels that is superb. 
 
 Among the points of interest in the city w^hich you 
 
 w^ill w^ish to see are the cathedral, the historical church 
 
 of San Hipolito, Chapultepec Castle, the government 
 
 paw^nshop, the thieves' market, the national museum 
 
 and art gallery, the postoffice, which is a replica of 
 
 a famous Venetian palace, the flower mart, the shrine 
 
 of Guadalaupe, the Alameda, where on Thursday and 
 
 Sunday mornings the best bands of the republic give 
 
 concerts, its various beautiful suburbs, and many other 
 
 points of interest. You will find all 
 
 of these w^ell described in 
 
 \ Campbell's Guide to Mexico. 
 
 * And here let us add 
 
 that many tourists have 
 a foolish idea that 
 sightseeing in Mexi- 
 co is attended w^ith 
 some danger. Ban- 
 ish the thought "at 
 once," for the entire 
 republic is well policed 
 with rurales (rural guards) 
 
 mitmrnm^- 
 
 g»^ajB8B^ 
 
 On the Way to Quaint Morelia 
 
The Presidential CJuards 
 cm Parade 
 
 A Day's Outiiip oi 
 
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 Ti 
 
 IN AN 
 
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Tacubaya, a Suburb of Mexico Cit\ 
 
 The Countr> Club 
 
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 at the Kritraiice of C'liapultepeL- t'aMi 
 
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 and gendarmes (policemen), and the principal cities are 
 better lighted and freer from slums than are the cities 
 of the United States. In fact, a lady traveling alone 
 receives more courteous treatment in Mexico than in 
 any other country. 
 
 The side trips from Mexico City are numerous, but 
 pre-eminently stands out the trip to Cuernavaca. Space 
 in this publication does not permit us to fully describe 
 the grandeur of this trip, so a special booklet has been 
 prepared covering this journey. 
 
 For a " one-day " outing from Mexico City there is 
 Amecameca, with its Sacro Monte (Sacred Mountain) ; 
 Popo Park, a charming village at the foot of the mighty 
 volcano Popocatepetl, and Toluca, perched high in its 
 mountain home, to reach which you must cross the 
 great continental divide. This trip to Toluca without 
 a doubt is one of the prettiest mountain trips in the 
 republic. 
 
 To reach the fringe of the tropics you must make 
 a two-day trip to Cuautla, one of the quaintest villages 
 near the City of Mexico, beautiful with its wealth of 
 flowers and royal palms, rich in its banana groves 
 and cane fields, interesting historically, and very pic- 
 turesque. The train stops in Cuautla before the oldest 
 
 raiWay station in the 
 
 w^orld — built in the 
 
 seventeenth century. 
 
 You wrill also cer- 
 
 tainly start for 
 
 Veracruz, stopping 
 
 on the vs^ay at 
 
 Puebla, the famous 
 
 onyx mart, vv^here a 
 
 visit w^ill be made to 
 
 the pyramid of 
 

 The Chapel of the Ruined Monastery, Tzint/iintzan, 
 
 tlie home of the celebrated Titian, " The Entombment " 
 
 r\ '-- 
 
 '^^ HJii \_1l ''Jl' *' HJiL iJz. 1 
 
1^^ 
 
 5 
 
 Ln 
 
 Cholula, the largest pyramid in the world ; also you will 
 stop at Jalapa, w^ith its over-hanging eaves and quaint, 
 crooked streets, w^here gardenias and camelias, w^hich 
 cost seventy-five cents and a dollar each in New York, may 
 be purchased for twenty or thirty cents Mexican money 
 for the bunch ! You will marvel at the wonderful pano- 
 rama of tropical scenery en route, at tree ferns that 
 overtop the car and at the birds of beautiful plumage, 
 until in the distance a sheet of blue may be seen. It 
 is the Gulf of Mexico, and shortly you will reach Vera- 
 cruz, the first landing place of Cortez, the " Rich City 
 of the Holy True Cross." 
 
 You will wander through its quaint shops, drink 
 4:00 o'clock coffee under the portales and just at sunset 
 go out for a ride on the beautiful Gulf of Mexico, cir- 
 cling that historic island of San Juan de Ulua. The sun 
 will sink behind the snow-covered peak of Mount Oriza- 
 ba, its last gleam lighting the feathery fronds of the palm 
 trees and gilding a path across the deep blue waters 
 to the dark horizon. Church spire and housetop will 
 stand out in dark silhouette against the gold and orange 
 of the tropical sky. This is sunset in Veracruz — a scene 
 you will long remember. At Puebla connection is made 
 writh the trains for Tehuacan and Oaxaca. A visit to 
 Oaxacaand its celebrated ruins of Mitla and Monte Alban 
 will be one of the trips you will not care to miss, and 
 
 representatives of the 
 National Railways of 
 Mexico will furnish 
 you with a special 
 folder concerning 
 this trip. 
 
 The journey to 
 
 Morelia, Patzcuaro 
 
 and Uruapan is for 
 
 you, if you care to 
 
 leave the beaten 
 
 track of the regular 
 
 H?^l^'\:E?\"v^ :^r\"^~\ "^'\ "^^ ^A;^X!:r\ *;; *k^l ^^ 
 
111 
 
 tourist and know more intimately the charm of the 
 repubhc. 
 
 In Moreha, where the noise of the world is hushed, 
 where Father Time went to sleep, you will see the 
 houses of Iturbide and Morelos, two prominent figures 
 on the pages of Mexican history, while Patzcuaro, 
 further westward, is principally noted for its beautiful 
 lake and the quaint Indian village of Tzintzuntzan, that 
 stands on the opposite shore. This village was origin- 
 ally the seat of the ancient Tarascan monarchy and 
 afterw^ards one of the principal seats of the Roman 
 Catholic Church in Mexico. In the little chapel of 
 the ruined monastery hangs a Titian of the "Entomb- 
 ment," presented by Phillip II of Spain to the bishop 
 of Tarasco, a painting for which an American million- 
 aire offered $100,000, but the Mexican Government 
 refused to take from the simple Indians the picture 
 which they loved and venerated so highly. Ruins of 
 the old Tarascan temples are found near Lake 
 Patzcuaro, and on the islands that dot its surface. 
 
 This branch of the road ends at Uruapan, the heart 
 of the celebrated coffee country, in the midst of scenery 
 w^ild and beautiful. 
 
 The trip to Morelia and Patzcuaro would be hard 
 to duplicate, unless you could take a bit each from 
 Spain, the south of France, and sunny Italy, weaving 
 them into an old, old pattern of sunshine and flowers 
 as a background for the quaint old houses and 
 beautiful natural scenery. 
 
 If you enter the Republic of Mexico through the 
 Eagle Pass-Ciudad Porfirio Diaz gateway, inspection 
 of your baggage will take place at Ciudad Porfirio 
 Diaz, or, as it is commonly called, C. P. Diaz. The 
 following morning you will reach Torreon, a city of 
 the new Mexico, not of the old; an important railroad 
 center with electric cars, cotton mills, foundries, 
 factories, breweries, ice plants and all the improvements 
 
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 P 
 
 of modern progress. Its population is about 20,000 
 people. From Torreon a branch line runs west to 
 Tepehuanes, and on this branch the most important 
 town is Durango. 
 
 Durango has been called the Iron City of Mexico, 
 for w^ithin the corporate limits of the city there is iron 
 enough to supply the world for some three hundred 
 years. In fact, there is a mountain of almost solid 
 iron, the ore averaging 75 to 90 per cent pure metal. 
 The plaza and portales of Durango are very pictur- 
 esque, and the state house is considered one of the 
 finest in Mexico. Surrounding the city are many 
 beautiful gardens, and the markets and bazars, like in 
 all the old cities of Mexico, are interesting. 
 
 Continuing on the main line southward from 
 Torreon, the next important point w^hich you w^ill 
 reach is Zacatecas, one of the greatest mining cities in 
 the w^orld. If you do not stop here for a visit, then go to 
 the rear platform or to the left of the car and view^ the 
 panorama of the city as the train v/inds around and 
 above it. Its flat-roofed houses, w^hich in the distance 
 look like children's blocks, w^ill recall vividly to your 
 mind Egypt and the i Holy Land. On the broad high- 
 city you w^ill pass a continuous 
 stream of the picturesque na- 
 tives, droves of donkeys with 
 their enormous burdens, ox- 
 itMji^HV^ ^^^^^Bgmi carts w^ith their enormous 
 I^^^^H .^^^^^Pv wooden w^heels, and the 
 
 mingling of colors as is seen 
 now^here else in the w^orld. 
 As Zacatecas is left behind, 
 the train nears Aguascalientes. 
 You w^ill know^ Aguas- 
 calientes by the small 
 army of draw^n-w^ork 
 
 w^ay leading into the 
 
[^ 
 
 r=n 
 
 III 
 
 LT] 
 
 la 
 
 3 
 
 ». 
 
 ii« 
 
 q 
 i 
 
 A Srreet in Zacatecas 
 
 ' 'iJzL \ *-'^\^^-T~\.h?N '-' ^ , Tr\ S~^ \ ^j\ '^T\ '^^ 
 
Li] 
 III 
 
 venders which soon surrounds the Pullman. Here you 
 may purchase scarfs, shirt waists, handkerchiefs, doilies 
 and table covers, in silk, linen or cotton, each piece show- 
 ing the marvelous patience w^ith w^hich the native makes 
 this drawn-work. The name of the city means " Hot 
 Waters," and the springs from w^hich the name is derived 
 are about a mile from the station. Its churches and 
 plazas are very pretty, and a stop here w^ill be interest- 
 ing for you. 
 
 At Silao a branch line runs to Guanajuato, described 
 so well in the little booklet written by Mrs. P. M. Meyers, 
 called "A City of Dreams — Guanajuato." It has many 
 fine churches and public buildings. It also has a cata- 
 comb of mummies, a replica of the catacombs of the Old 
 World. But perhaps a few^ quotations from the booklet 
 mentioned above vv^ill give you an idea of this place : 
 " Of course, there is much of Spain about it, and 
 somewhat of Italy, too, but it resembles a Syrian city 
 more than any other, and world-wide travelers say that 
 certain parts of Guanajuato might be almost reproduc- 
 tions of Bethlehem, while others might be Jerusalem 
 itself. The houses are of mud bricks, many of them 
 not even plastered over, and the v/ashing of many 
 rains has given them a look of 
 crumbling age which might carry 
 them back to the time when 
 the bright shining of a star 
 guided wise men to a Bethle- 
 hem manger. There is a 
 distinct flavor of the Orient 
 about it all, and if camels 
 and turbaned riders 
 should come into the 
 picture it w^ould not 
 seem over-strange. 
 As in the Far East, the 
 
_,«-~^1l«. 
 
flat roofs serve far beyond shelter ; they are the yard, 
 the veranda, the balcony, the mirador, the place of retreat 
 and the meeting place of friends. Its winding little 
 thoroughfares can hardly be called streets, except in the 
 business parts ; they are mostly narroAV paths, and in a 
 few places it is possible even to reach across and touch 
 the opposite w^all. These little streets meander aimlessly 
 up the mountains, playing hide and seek w^ith one another 
 and giving at every turn the most exquisite bits for the 
 brush of an artist. There is no such thing as walking 
 on a level in Guanajuato. It is up or down, usually in 
 a most decided manner, and crossing from one street to 
 another is often by a stairway of cobble stones. The 
 houses cling to the rocks and overhang the ledges, and 
 the zigzagging little by-ways lead from one delight to 
 another. 
 
 "Tucked away in the little street and corners are 
 the stands of all sorts of venders — fruits, vegetables, 
 zarapes, pottery, baskets, w^ith junk shops and the 
 "Thieves' Market," all so mingled together that it is not 
 easy to say w^here one begins or the other leaves off. 
 "Our hotel faced on v/hat seemed to be an alley, 
 but wras really one of the w^idest streets. It promised 
 at the corner of the block some eighteen feet in w^idth, 
 but narrow^ed dow^n to nine, w^idened again to about 
 sixteen, and compassed at least three distinct juts and 
 
 bulges before it finally w^ent 
 quavering to the entrance, 
 a hundred feet aw^ay. 
 The hotel itself has 
 many architectural 
 puzzles and w^onders, 
 and where the rooms 
 are stored away, and 
 how to find them, are 
 problems each guest 
 must solve for him- 
 self. It -was several 
 days before I could 
 
 Tlic Pi.ttt-ry Market 
 
 L^X'^r^iIEXH 
 
9 
 ti 
 
 p 
 
 p 
 
 3 
 
 understand how, having climbed but one flight of stone 
 steps, my own httle balcony overlooked an almost dizzy 
 height above the street. But having learned the way in, 
 and practiced a little on getting out, the traveler is well 
 content with its many comforts, especially when one 
 realizes that in passing in or out the way is under an old 
 arch with an ancient inscription showing that the build- 
 ing was blessed and dedicated for use in 1557. 
 
 "Across the street, on the steps of the Teatro Juarez, 
 were a lot of natives, seemingly the same ones v/ho 
 sat there years ago, their rainbow-hued zarapes, blue 
 reboses and big sombreros making a bright picture, 
 and mingling a touch of the Old World with the new- 
 ness of this splendidly modern building. This theater 
 is one of the most beautiful in the world, and there 
 are those who say it is the most beautiful. Although 
 ground room in Guanajuato is so precious, this building 
 stands on a lot by itself, one of the most valuable in 
 the city, facing on the plaza, and its handsome entrance 
 and massive stone steps are the first objects to attract 
 the eye of the stranger. Its rows of columns across 
 the front are Corinthian, but those in the interior are 
 Aztec, while the decorations are Moorish. The dra- 
 peries are soft and rich, and everything about the 
 structure, inside and out, has an air of grace which we 
 Americans might do well to envy and imitate. The 
 theater was completed and unused for five years, waiting 
 for President Diaz to open it. This was accomplished 
 a few years ago, and the president bound himself by 
 one more tie to the loyal people of this old camp." 
 At Irapuato the road branches, the main line 
 continuing onward to Mexico City, while the 
 other division runs 
 w^estw^ard and south 
 to the Pacific Ocean, 
 terminating at the 
 port of Manzanillo. 
 At no matter w^hat 
 time of the year you 
 
 A Mexicnn " Wat 
 
I'«'^^^. 
 
 ill 
 
 ui 
 
 The Princip.il Plaza in Cliihualiua 
 
 C«r! fft 
 
 llllliinf 
 
 A Cliihualiua Business Block 
 
 
 
 :;';^^»^.i,y 
 
 HH 
 
 Parral. a Rich Mining Tew n of 
 
 Northwestern Mexico 
 
 Lr 
 
 'vH5iJElk3Ev^V5 
 
 
3 
 9 
 
 reach Irapuato, you are sure to hear the cry, "Fresas! 
 Fresas!" (strawberries! strawberries!) on your arrival, 
 for the straw^berries at Irapuato are famous all over 
 Mexico for their luscious sweetness. 
 
 Still further south and you come to Qyeretaro — the 
 same Queretaro w^hich w^e have described on page 1 8 
 of this book — and from there on into Mexico City, 
 arriving this time at the Buenavista Station. 
 
 Should, how^ever. El Paso be the gatew^ay through 
 w^hich you enter the Republic of Mexico, your bag- 
 gage w^ill pass through the customs at Ciudad Juarez, 
 and the first important stop w^ill be Chihuahua. The 
 city of Chihuahua is the capital of the state of the 
 same name and has a population of approximately 
 40,000 people. The name Chihuahua means "a place 
 where things are made," and from the number of enter- 
 prises w^hich the city supports, you vv^ill see that the name 
 is well merited. The state of w^hich it is the capital is 
 one of the richest mining sections of the entire w^orld. 
 The city is clean ; the homes and public buildings are 
 w^ell built, and the modern business spirit prevails. It is 
 also the center of a large cattle and lumber industry 
 and destined to be one of the foremost business 
 
 centers of Mexico. 
 
 Tw^o hundred and 
 ninety -three miles 
 south of Chihuahua 
 you reach Torreon, 
 and from that point 
 southw^ard the trip 
 is the same as de- 
 scribed on preced- 
 ing pages. 
 1^^ ^ W The branch run- 
 
 ning w^estw^ard from 
 ^f^ ' ' " "' ".-^" Irapuato passes 
 
 I he " I,.iil\ of the Lake " — Chapali 
 
>-^=Si^ 
 
 lil 
 
 
 .-f'*^- 
 
 A Villa 
 
 on 
 
 Lake Chapala 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IP 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■j 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 ■i 
 
 '' 
 
 1^ 
 
 BB*' 
 
 9 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 B' 
 
 
 #P^ 
 
 U^^s 
 
 ll^H 
 
 
 
 Hk 
 
 
 
 
 IK^ 
 
 The Hotel" Ribera Castellanos," 
 
 Ocotlaii, Lake Chapala 
 
 •E 
 
around Lake Chapala, through Guadalajara and CoHma, 
 and terminates at Manzanillo. The section of country 
 between Guadalajara and Manzanillo has but recently 
 been opened to the traveling public, and is little 
 known to the tourist. For this reason, a special 
 booklet has been prepared, giving in detail the de- 
 scription of Lake Chapala, Guadalajara, Colima, with 
 its celebrated living volcano, and Manzanillo, as the 
 scenery and points of interest on this branch require 
 a special publication. 
 
 In this little sketch v/e can no more than name for 
 you the points of interest in Mexico, for each one 
 would require a booklet larger than this to give in 
 detail its charms, but wherever you go, the country, 
 the people, their dress, their mode of transportation, is 
 all new, strange and delightful. It is something that 
 you do not see in your native land, no matter where 
 you travel; it is different from the every- day life that 
 continually surrounds you, and in this difference lies 
 the chief advantage of a trip to Mexico — that foreign 
 country next door. 
 
 If this little booklet has interested you in Mexico, 
 and you are contemplating a trip to any part of this 
 wonderful republic, the representatives of the National 
 Railways of Mexico will be glad to place themselves 
 
 at your disposal, plan 
 your trip, furnish you 
 w^ith itineraries, rates, 
 names of hotels, etc., 
 and accommodate 
 you in every vv^ay 
 possible, for it is our 
 desire that your trip 
 to Mexico be thor- 
 oughly enjoyable 
 from its start to its 
 end. 
 
 A Public Laundry 
 
Booklets giving in detail the trips from Mexico 
 City to Cuernavaca, Mexico City to Puebla, Jalapa and 
 Veracruz, Mexico City to Lake Chapala, Guadedajara, 
 Colima and Manzanillo, and the trip to Oaxaca and 
 the Ruins of Mitla, will be sent to you free of charge 
 by addressing any representative of the National Rail- 
 ways of Mexico, as show^n on page 48. 
 
 In addition to these publications, the Industrial De- 
 partment of the National Railv/ays has issued " Facts 
 and Figures," a booklet dealing with the great resources 
 and commercial possibilities of this republic. If you 
 are interested in Mexico from a commercial stand- 
 point, ask for this book. 
 
 For a know^ledge of the history of Mexico, read 
 Noll's "A Short History of Mexico," or Prescott's "Con- 
 quest of Mexico " ; or, in a lighter vein, read "A White 
 Umbrella in Mexico," by F. Hopkinson Smith, Rider 
 Haggard's "Montezuma's Daughter, " Lew Wallace's 
 "The Fair God," and Flandrau's "Viva Mexico." 
 
 For a guide of the various cities and points of 
 interest in the republic, there is " Reau Campbell's 
 Guide to Mexico." 
 
 For your enjoyment, there are the ever-changing pic- 
 tures of country and people, both smiling to greet you. 
 
 The knowledge of the Spanish language is by no 
 means necessary for a trip throughout the Republic of 
 Mexico, as in all of the places mentioned in this book 
 w^ill be found English-speaking clerks in the hotels, 
 restaurants and stores. We give below, however, a 
 few of the common expressions in English and Spanish 
 with the written pronunciation of the Spanish. It is 
 impossible, of course, to give the "exact" written pro- 
 nunciation of the Spanish-spoken w^ord. 
 
 In this v/ritten pronunciation "a " should be given 
 the broad sound, as in "ale"; "e" as in "meet "; "i" as 
 in "mite"; "o" as in "old"; "u" has the sound of 
 double o in "loot"; "ch" as in "chant"; "ah" as the 
 English "Ah!"; "s" as in "hiss," not as in "his." 
 
-» 
 
 How to Say It in Spanish 
 
 111 
 
 COACH SERVICE 
 
 ENGLISH SPANISH PRONUNCIATION 
 
 Coachman Cochero Ko-cha'-ro 
 
 I wish a coach Quiero un coche ...Ke-a'-ro un ko-cha 
 
 Go to the hotel ...Vamos al hotel Vah'-mos al o-tel' 
 
 Stop! Pare Pah'-ra 
 
 Wait! Esperese Es-pa'-ra-sa 
 
 Go on Vamonos Vah'-mo-nos 
 
 To the right A la derecha Ah lah da-ra'-cha 
 
 To the left A la izquierda Ah la es-ke-air'-dah 
 
 IN THE RESTAURANT 
 
 The bill of fare ...La lista Lah le'-sta 
 
 A plate Un plato Un plah'- to 
 
 A glass Un vaso Un vah'-so 
 
 A teaspoon Una cucharita U'-na cu-cha-re'-tah 
 
 Coffee Cafe Kah-fa' 
 
 Coffee and milk... Cafe con leche Kah-fa' con la'-cha 
 
 Tea Te Ta 
 
 Milk Leche La'-cha 
 
 Cream Crema Kra'-mah 
 
 Sugar Azucar Ah-su'-kar 
 
 Chocolate Chocolate Cho-ko-lah'-ta 
 
 Lemonade Limonada Le-mo-nah'-dah 
 
 Beer Cerveza Ser-va'-sah 
 
 Wine Vino Ve'-no 
 
 Claret Vino Tinto Ve'-no teen'-to 
 
 Ice Hielo e-a'-lo 
 
 Bread Pan Pahn 
 
 Butter Mantequilla Man-ta-ke'-yah 
 
 Water Agua Ah'-gwah 
 
 Soup Sopa So'-pah 
 
 Fish Pescado Pes-cah'-do 
 
 Rice Arroz Ar-ros' 
 
 Fried eggs Huevos fritos Wa'-vos fre'-tos 
 
 Hard-boiled eggs.. Huevos duros Wa'-vos du'-ros 
 
 Soft-boiled eggs ...Huevos pasados Wa'-vos pah-sah' 
 
 por agua [dos por ah'-gwah 
 
How to Say It in Sp anis h 
 
 Omelet 
 
 Beefsteak 
 
 Rare 
 
 Well done ... 
 
 Mutton 
 
 Chops 
 
 Cutlet 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Bacon 
 
 Ham 
 
 Pepper 
 
 Salt 
 
 Oil 
 
 Mustard 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Fried potatoes 
 
 Beans 
 
 Peas 
 
 Lettuce 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 Cauliflower... 
 
 Chicken 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Ice cream 
 
 Cheese 
 
 Strawberries . . 
 
 Grapes 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Bananas 
 
 Lemon 
 
 Figs 
 
 Fork 
 
 Knife 
 
 x\nother 
 
 Tortilla de huevos...Tor-te'-ya da wa'-vos 
 
 Beefstek As in English 
 
 Poco asado Po'-ko ah-sah'-do 
 
 Bien asado Be-n' ah-sah'-do 
 
 Carnero • Kahr-na'-ro 
 
 Costillas Kos-te'-yahs 
 
 Chuleta Choo-lay'-tah 
 
 Cordero Kor-da'-ro 
 
 Tocino To-se'-no 
 
 Jamon Ha-mohn' 
 
 Pimienta Pe-me-n'-tah 
 
 Sal Sahl 
 
 Aceite Ah-sa'-e-ta 
 
 Mostaza Mos-tah'-sah 
 
 Papas Pah'-pahs 
 
 Papas fritas Pah'-pahs fre'-tahs 
 
 Frijoles Fre-ho'-las 
 
 Chi'charos Che'-cha-ros 
 
 Lechuga La-chu'-gah 
 
 Tomates To-mah'-tas 
 
 , Coliflor Ko-le-flor' 
 
 Polio Po'-yo 
 
 Pavo Pah'-vo 
 
 Helado A-lah'-do 
 
 Queso Kay '-so 
 
 Fresas Fray'-sahs 
 
 Uvas U'-vas 
 
 Naranjas , Nah-rahng'-hahs 
 
 Platanos Plah'-tah-nos 
 
 Limon Le-mon' 
 
 . Higos E'-gohs 
 
 Tenedor Ta-na-dor' 
 
 Cuchillo Ku-che'-yo 
 
 Otro O'-tro 
 
Cj 
 
 How to Say It in Spanish 
 
 ^^ 
 
 I 
 
 
 One cent .... 
 Two cents .. 
 Three cents . 
 Four cents .. 
 Five cents..., 
 Ten cents.... 
 
 Fifteen 
 
 Twenty 
 
 Twenty-five . 
 
 Thirty 
 
 Forty 
 
 Fifty 
 
 Sixty 
 
 Seventy 
 
 Eighty 
 
 Ninety 
 
 One dollar ., 
 How much ^ . 
 
 NUMBERS 
 
 .un centavo un sen-tah'-vo 
 
 .dos centavos dohs sen-tah'-vos 
 
 .tres centavos tras sen-tah'-vos 
 
 .cuatro centavos kwah'-tro sen-tah'-vos 
 
 .cinco centavos seen'-ko sen-tah'-vos 
 
 . diez centavos de'-es sen-tah'-vos 
 
 .quince centavos keen-ceh sen-tah'-vos 
 
 .veinte vay'-inteh sentah'- vos 
 
 .veinte y cinco vay'-inteh sin-ko 
 
 .treinta tray'-intah 
 
 .cuarenta kwar-en'-tah 
 
 .cincuenta seen-kwen'-tah 
 
 .sesenta sa-sen'-tah 
 
 .setenta sa-ten'-tah 
 
 .ochenta o-chen'-tah 
 
 . noventa no-ven-tah 
 
 • Un peso un peh-soh 
 
 .Cuanto kwahn'-to 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 
 Baggage Equipage Ay-ke-pah'-hay 
 
 Railroad Ferrocarril Fer-ro car- reel' 
 
 Station Estacion Es-tah-the-on' 
 
 Steamer Vapor Vah-pore' 
 
 Wharf Muelle Mu-el-lyay 
 
 Where is.'' Donde estA? Don'-day ays-tah' 
 
 The office La oficina Lah o-fe-thee'-nah 
 
 The dining-room.. El comedor El co-may-dor' 
 
 The bathroom El cuarto de baiio...El coo-ar'-to day 
 
 bah'-nyo). 
 
 Toilet El retrete El ray-tray'-tay 
 
 Good morning Buenos dias Boo-ay-nos dee-ahs 
 
 Good night Buenas noches Boo-ay '-nahs no-chays 
 
 Good-bye Adios A-de-os' 
 
 Thank you Gracias Grah'-the-ahs 
 
 What is that.'' Que es eso? Kay es ay'-so 
 
NATIONAL RAILWAYS OF MEXICO 
 
 MEXICAN INTERNATIONAL RAILROAD 
 INTEROCEANIC RAILWAY OF MEXICO 
 
 SLEEPING CAR RATES AND ROUTES 
 
 Holders of all-year-round (nine months) tourist tickets 
 may obtain the privilege of entering the Republic of 
 Mexico via one gatew^ay and leaving via a different 
 one, on payment of $5.50 (United States currency) extra, 
 at the time of purchasing the ticket. 
 
 Through Pullman sleeping cars are operated daily 
 between St. Louis and Mexico City, via San Antonio and 
 Laredo ; between El Paso and Mexico City ; betw^een 
 Spofford Junction (Eagle Pass) and Torreon, and 
 Torreon and Mexico City. 
 
 Also, Pullman sleeping cars are operated betw^een 
 all the principal cities in the Republic of Mexico. 
 
 Rates in Pullman sleeping cars for double berth to 
 Mexico City are as follows: From New York, $18.61; 
 Washington, $17. II; Pittsburg, $16.61; Chicago, $14.1 1; 
 St. Louis, $13. II; Kansas City, $12.1 1; Memphis, $1 1.61; 
 New Orleans, $10.61; Denver, $13.11; Salt Lake City, 
 $17.61; Colorado Springs and Pueblo, $13.11 (United 
 States currency). 
 
 These rates are published as information only, and 
 are subject to change v/ithout notice. 
 
 STOP-OVER PRIVILEGES 
 
 Liberal stop-over privileges are allow^ed on all 
 one-w^ay and round-trip tickets, within the Republic of 
 Mexico, affording an opportunity to visit the points of 
 interest en route. 
 
 I'lT^" 
 
 jq^'iT^^^^Vj^ 
 
NATIONAL RAILWAYS OF MEXICO 
 
 MEXICAN INTERNATIONAL RAILROAD 
 INTEROCEANIC RAILWAY OF MEXICO 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 IN THE UNITED STATES 
 
 CHICAGO — Gabe Filleul, Western Passenger Agent, 
 Frank L. Moe, Western Freight Agent, 1 400 Ameri- 
 can Trust Building. 
 
 EL PASO — A. Dulohery, City Passenger Agent, Postal 
 Cable Building. 
 
 LAREDO — C M. Fish, Commercial Agent. 
 
 NEW YORK— W. C. Carson, General Eastern Agent, 
 25 Broad Street. 
 
 ST. LOUIS — W. H. Richardson, Commercial Agent, 
 616 Frisco Building. 
 
 SAN ANTONIO — E. Muenzenberger, General Agent, 
 224 E. Houston Street. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO — H. J. Snyder, General Agent, I 5 
 Flood Building. 
 
 IN EUROPE 
 
 LONDON, E. C. — E. J. Bray, General European Agent, 
 Dashwood House, 9 New Broad Street. 
 
 IN MEXICO 
 
 J. c. McDonald. 
 
 General Passenger Agent, 
 
 W. F. PATON, 
 
 Ass't General Passenger Agent, 
 
 MEXICO CITY, D. F. 
 

National Railu}ays 
 
 Mexico 
 
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