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MODEM BILLIAEDS. 
 
 A COMPLETE TEXT-BOOK OF THE GAME, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 PLAIN AND PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO PLAY 
 
 AND ACQUIRE SKILL AT THIS SCIENTIFIC 
 
 AMUSEMENT. 
 
 FULLY ILLUSTRATED 
 
 With Plates and Engravings, showing two hundred and fifty 
 
 Strokes, and the best methods of executing them, as 
 
 practised by the leading players of the day. 
 
 NEW EDITION— NEW CONTEXT— NEW AND COM- 
 PLETE RECORDS OF ALL IMPORTANT MATCH 
 AND TOURNAMENT GxVMES, AMATEUR AND 
 PROFESSIONAL, FROM THE EARLIEST 
 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO., 
 
 New York : 31-33 West Thirty-second Street. 
 Chicago : 263-265 Wabash Av. Cincinnati : 130-132 E. Sixth St. 
 
 St. Louis : 106 S. Fourth St. Philadelpbia : 1002 Arch St. 
 
 Boston: 86 Washington St. San Francisco: 20th and Harrison 
 
 Toronto, Ont.: 68 King St., W. Montreal, Que.: 6T Adelaide St., W. 
 
 Paris, Fr.: No. 19 Rue dela Pepiniere Citt of Mexico : Puente del Alvarado 
 
<A 
 
 \| « 5 " 
 
 LIBRARY of CONGRESS^ 
 1 I wo Copies Keceivdt 
 
 JUL 24 190« 
 
 H-ASS •>> AXc ftu. 
 COP* 8«V_ 
 
 Copyright by 
 THE BRUNSWICK BALK&COLLENDER CO. 
 
 1908. 
 
 TROW DIRECTORY 
 
 PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 Apart from its inviting to moderate and wholesome exer- 
 cise, billiards, as popularly played, is pre-eminently a mental 
 pastime. Nearly all its exponents of approved skill, what- 
 ever were the drawbacks of their youth, are intellectually 
 quick and bright. This is due in some measure to the ready 
 mathematical requirements of the play as a routine, but in a 
 much greater degree to its taxing the eye, stimulating the 
 fancy, and disciplining the mind by imposing watchfulness, 
 invention, and analysis. Slowness is costly, and hence, as 
 an early habit, an eager alertness of vision, alacrity of step, 
 and promptitude of decision. 
 
 Regarding billiards as a spectacle, its physical requisites 
 to perfection are keen sight, level head and steady hand; 
 but they are by no means essential to enjoyment of it as a 
 leisure-hour diversion en amateur. In this sense, its charm 
 lies altogether in participation, which is all the more agree- 
 able and healthful because never needing to be exhausting. 
 
 Caroming methods are still changing. Execution is again 
 growing less fantastic and more practical. Systemization 
 is becoming more and more dominant. In consequence, 
 certain gathering shots, depicting instructive possibilities 
 rather than downright needs, and diagrammed as still proper 
 to teach when the earlier edition of this book was issued, have 
 no place in the present volume. 
 
2 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Play has been made harder in theory, but easier in fact. 
 Lowering the cushion first and the table next has facilitated 
 most strokes, and particularly those dependent upon elevat- 
 ing the cue. Our fathers knew pique, but seldom masse. 
 Drawing a ball without hopping it has been made surer. 
 Cloths were once so much heavier in nap that ironing new 
 ones again and again, until the iron burned them out, was 
 the method here, as it is in certain other countries yet. 
 Although longer than the present ones by several inches, yet 
 still choice cues of old rarely went beyond eighteen ounces. 
 For special needs there are cues now whose butts alone are 
 heavier than an old-fashioned cue in its entirety. The 
 lighter ashen sticks of the past were meant for a greater 
 variety of shots than the experts' carom game of to-day has 
 use for. Styles of play as a matter of contest are also 
 different. If the present generation know better how to 
 count, their elders knew better when not to try and count. 
 
 There has been progress in more directions than one. A 
 light-weight cue never before handled by its wielder played 
 the last 1900 points of a memorable contest. Our " Record" 
 has no other one-night match so impressive for headwork, 
 handicraft, and hazard. In the same year, and in the same 
 State, a mile in harness was trotted in 2:19|, but under 
 wholly different conditions from those which to-day govern 
 track, equipment, transportation, and individual effort. As 
 in the popular eye some Cresceus or Lou Dillon now com- 
 pletely obscures the bob-tailed, homely little bay mare at 
 Kalamazoo, so the billiard giants of these times are apt to 
 overlook that the credit they receive for a marvelous prog- 
 ress as counters may not be exclusively their own. Some 
 share in it is possibly due to improvements that first-class 
 mechanicians have made in billiard implements. Rubber 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 3 
 
 vulcanized in layers of different densities in the one strip 
 have made cushion-angles trustier, cloths are of closer shear 
 and more uniformly spread, choice cue-leathers are choicer, 
 cues have grown magical in their mere heft of hilt, and van- 
 ished is the muslin undercloth that helped the balls to dig 
 their graves deep into the one of green. Rarely seen, if ever 
 now, is the serrated cushion, with a face like a saw whose 
 dulled teeth are set inches apart, and not often is there com- 
 plaint that the speed of the bed is greater than that of the 
 return from the cushion, or else not quite so great. 
 
HISTORICAL. 
 
 Billiards was practically without beginning. As with 
 untold other excellences, so with that. Until merit is estab- 
 lished, curiosity as to origin rarely begins. When merit is 
 acknowledged, it is too late to trace origin. 
 
 "Let us to billiards, Charmion," is one of Shakespeare's 
 many anachronisms. As introduced into "Antony and Cleo- 
 patra/ ' its significance is simply that the amusement was 
 growing in favor at the English court in the time of Elizabeth, 
 Shakespeare, and Mary, Queen of Scots, the last of whom 
 had brought her table over with her from France. 
 
 The diligent student may read that Socrates played bill- 
 iards, that Anacharsis saw it played during his travels in 
 Greece, that St. Augustine saw a billiard-table in journeying 
 to or in Africa, and that Cathire More, an Irish king of the 
 second century a.d. ; bequeathed to his nephew "fifty billiard- 
 balls of brass, with the pools and cues of the same material." 
 But the student must not go so far back as the originals in 
 his search, lest he discover that all are translators' errors. 
 St. Augustine's vision has proved to be nothing else. 
 
 Billiards is also of quasi-historiGal record as having been 
 invented by Henri de Vigne, a Frenchman, for the amuse- 
 ment of Louis XL As runs a story more explicit, though 
 probably no trustier, De Vigne was only a carpenter, or 
 cabinet-maker, who, at the order of Louis, fashioned "a 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 5 
 
 billiard-table with a bed of stone, covered with cloth, and 
 having a hole in the centre, into which the balls were driven/' 
 
 A more plausible recital is that the game was introduced 
 to both France and England centuries before, when the 
 Knights-Templars returned from their first or second crusade 
 in the Holy Land. But why not have been introduced into 
 Spain and Italy at the same period? Rome should have been 
 a likely spot for this game of the monasteries of the East to 
 reach, and yet Rome's ample archives seem to have shed no 
 light upon it, although we find the "Lives of the Roman 
 Pontiff s" mentioning one Pope who was fond of billiards, it 
 being the Italian game of a century or so ago. Any game of 
 Eastern origin should have reached Spain, through the Moors, 
 centuries before France or England got it via Palestine. 
 
 History is no happier in taking liberties with our own 
 country by variously assigning the honor of introducing 
 billiards here to the Spaniards in Florida under De Soto, to 
 the English Cavaliers in Virginia, to the Huguenots settling in 
 South Carolina in 1690, and to the primitive Hollanders of 
 Manhattan Island. But why not to the earlier Spaniards in 
 Florida under Ponce de Leon, to the English Cavaliers who 
 settled one-half of the province of New Jersey, and to the 
 Huguenots who founded New Rochelle, N. Y., at the same 
 time that kindred refugees found lodgment in South Carolina? 
 Other nationalities have both played the game and kept rooms 
 in once pre-eminently cosmopolitan Holland, but the Dutch 
 themselves have never been a billiard-playing people; and 
 the official proceedings before the schouts, scheppens and 
 burgomasters of New Amsterdam may safely be challenged 
 to show any allusion whatever to billiards. 
 
 Remote literature, whether official or otherwise, is lacking 
 in evidence of the game anywhere in America until introduced 
 
6 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 into New York City by English officers in garrison in the 
 eighteenth century. On the contrary, there is proof that, 
 even as late as 1808-9, the only billiards on Manhattan Island 
 was the English winning-and-losing game on six-pocket tables, 
 presumptively from England. One was a 7x14 with eight 
 legs, and having cushions stuffed with hair. 
 
 It is probably not worth disputing that, howsoever chris- 
 tened at first, billiards was originally an outdoor game, and 
 that, lifted three or four feet from the ground, it was even- 
 tually taken indoors when it rained. Remotely, it may have 
 been marbles or the immemorially ancient goff (now golf), 
 or goff may have been remotely billiards or any one of half 
 a dozen other outdoor jollities. Suffice that billiards to-day 
 bears no more resemblance to what was so called a century 
 and a half ago, before France introduced first the third ball 
 and in 1792 the fourth, than bagatelle bears to shuffleboard 
 or pingpong. 
 
 Obscure as that of the game itself is the origin of the 
 " twist " and the "draw," the two most important strokes in 
 modern billiards. England claims them both for John Carr, 
 the "Bath Marker," on the ground that, at some time prior 
 to 1823, he was the first to chalk a cue, which is not a fact; 
 and France claims them for one Capt. Mingaud, an alleged 
 professional billiardist, who, while imprisoned for a political 
 offence in 1823, invented the cue-leather. As the writer 
 recalls this Mingaudism in its entirety, as published in a book 
 issued in Paris about 1868 and reprinted in the Billiard Cue 
 here, it was manifestly pure romance. France may never 
 have had a professional so named, but France did have a 
 Capt. Roget de Lisle, who, imprisoned for a political offence 
 about the beginning of the last century, invented the death- 
 less "Marseillaise/' Moreover, it was about 1868 that the 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 7 
 
 writer, on the authority of Prof. Wm. Lake, who was a profes- 
 sional billiard-player here before and after 1823, published 
 that Camille Avout, a shoemaker, was the pioneer in turning 
 out cue-leathers in New York City prior to 1823, in which 
 year a few were imported from France. 
 
 Further to complicate matters, Carr is called the " father of 
 the side-stroke' ' by the renowned Pierce Egan, a contem- 
 porary of Carr, in his "Annals of Sporting/' a London peri- 
 odical; while later English billiard writers recount that 
 Roomkeeper Bartley, Carr's employer, was the inventor of 
 the side-stroke and the draw, that in due course he showed 
 them to his marker, and that Carr merely profited by vending, 
 as the magical cause of both, some powdered chalk in pill- 
 boxes at two-and-sixpence a box, Italian, French and Span- 
 ish players being his easy customers. 
 
 No matter when or in what shape billiards had its begin- 
 ning, it has been a favorite recreation of the good and the 
 great for ages, and never more noticeably so than in the 
 present one. Philosophers seek it, divines commend it, and 
 physicians prescribe it. 
 
 Whatever its old form, its new is essentially American. 
 Other lands have gradually yielded to the force of American 
 ideas. Public matches were a dozen years old in this country 
 before there was one in any other, and the American billiard 
 tournament, never seen in England until 1874-5, and not in 
 France until 1879, is now the accepted mode in both. 
 
 Balklining, another American idea, was unknown to the 
 professionals and amateurs of France until 1880. It is now 
 their standard caroming restriction, while for seven or eight 
 years past the English have been urging a line around the 
 table as a hindrance to the " nursery cannons' ' that are the 
 most recent powerful development in their national game. 
 
8 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Cushion-caroms were first publicly exhibited in this country 
 in 1867, but never in France until 1881. Three-cushion 
 caroms, of which the Paris professionals have made a spe- 
 cialty during the past dozen years, constitute another game 
 of American development, dating from 1878 in a non-public 
 way among professionals, and going many years further back 
 among our non-professionals. 
 
 Until the way was shown by Andrew Buist, an American, 
 caroms were barely an incidental feature of the English game. 
 Attention was called anew to them by the separate visits the 
 Dions made to London more than twenty years ago. Even 
 the prolific spot-ball play, which has likewise been surpris- 
 ingly progressive, owes at least a little to this side of the 
 Atlantic, for in advance of Buist another American — Linley 
 Higham, the "Albany Pony" — settled in England. Spot- 
 balling, at which he was mighty for that era on an American 
 6x12 table, called then for but four different strokes in 
 England. Now it engages more than twice as many. 
 
 Modifications have likewise affected the representative 
 players of France and America. For fifteen years after they 
 first came together, the French were weak as compound cush- 
 ioners, but strong as ball-to-ball drivers. It was the other 
 way with the Americans, who had been brought up on 6x12 
 and 5^x 11 pocket tables, while the French professors had been 
 accustoming themselves to what was nearly a 4J x 9 carom, 
 whereon other cushioning than a single one, in which they 
 were strong and the Americans weak, was an infrequent 
 necessity. Now that the two nationalities are using the one 
 table, there is little to choose between them in respect of 
 cushioning and ball-to-balling. If proof were needed, there 
 is the international championship match of January 29, 1904, 
 with its score of 500 to 496, which is both trusty history and 
 the latest up to date. 
 
THE BILLIARD-ROOM. 
 
 An apartment to accommodate one table should be of 
 the dimensions following, graduated by the size of the table, 
 and affording space for the free exercise of the cue. Where 
 two or more tables are placed, five feet will be sufficient 
 to allow between them. 
 
 For table 6 x 12, room should be 16 x 22. 
 
 a 
 
 5* x 11, 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 an x 2i. 
 
 u 
 
 5 x 10, 
 
 t l 
 
 a 
 
 15 x 20. 
 
 u 
 
 4}x 9, 
 
 l< 
 
 u 
 
 14* x 18*. 
 
 U 
 
 4x8, 
 
 (t 
 
 u 
 
 14 x 17*. 
 
 U 
 
 3i x 7, 
 
 hi 
 
 it 
 
 12 x 15. 
 
 Architects, in their plans for modern mansions, should 
 make suitable provision for this amusement, without 
 which no gentleman's establishment (more especially if a 
 country one) can now be considered perfect. Even if the 
 builder of a house has no taste for the game himself, he 
 should look beforehand, and consider that such an accom- 
 modation might form an important item in the price which 
 a succeeding tenant would be willing to pay for it. The 
 light, if possible, should come from above, through 
 ample skylights, so as to bring the table within a gene- 
 ral focus, and thus prevent any shadow being thrown 
 from the balls or cushions. The gas-light should be 
 
10 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 raised about three feet two inches from the bed of the table 
 and supplied with horizontal burners, as by such an arrange- 
 ment no shadow is cast from the pipe. The distance of 
 the light from the floor should be about 6 feet 1 inch. For 
 a 5 x 10 table the cross-arms of the pendant should measure 
 from light to light 28 inches, and the long arms 56 inches. 
 For a 4{x9 table, cross-arms 25 inches, and long arms 
 50 inches. For a 4 x 8 table, cross-arms 22 inches, and 
 long arms 44 inches. For a 5Jxll table, cross-arms 
 31 inches, and long arms 62 inches. A useful shade has 
 been devised which throws a soft, even light on the table, 
 and keeps the glare from the player's eyes. The floor, 
 if carpeted at all, should be covered with some thick, soft 
 material. 
 
 BILLIARD APPLIANCES— THEIR CHOICE 
 AND CARE. 
 
 HOW TO SELECT A TABLE. 
 
 Never attempt it. Rather consult with and rely upon 
 reputable manufacturers. 
 
 SIZE, SHAPE, AND STYLE. 
 
 In this country there are the standard size, which is 5 x 10 
 feet, and the popular size, which is 4J x 9. Experts use the 
 former, and the latter is preferred in many public rooms and 
 clubs, as well as in most private houses, in the last of which 
 the 4x8 also often finds a place. 
 
 Tables are of various styles and shapes, but mostly now 
 without pockets, and with the broad rails at sides and ends 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 11 
 
 beveled, ogee, or square. Those designed for ball-pool have 
 six pockets usually, but sometimes only four. In addition 
 there is the combination billiard-table, meant for both caroms 
 and ball-pool at will. 
 
 Beds are of slate, and their tendency is toward greater 
 thickness than was required up to a few years ago. This adds 
 to the general stability of the table. Even for the 6 x 12, 
 slabs now are often in three pieces, instead of four, thus in- 
 suring a smoother playing surface. Heavier slabs should 
 have six legs instead of four, whether the table is 5 x 10 or 
 larger. Many 4^ x 9's have six. 
 
 Apart from its cloth and cushions, a table requires no 
 special care beyond treating it similarly to any other piece of 
 furniture, by keeping its framework clean and occasionally 
 applying polish, which can be had of almost any furniture- 
 dealer. When not in use, the table should be well covered up. 
 
 THE CLOTH. 
 
 There are various kinds and several grades. Buying the 
 best will save money. 
 
 Almost invariably, it is the indifferent player or worse who, 
 in or out of public rooms, finds most fault with cushions, 
 balls, cues, leathers, or chalk. The experienced one has 
 learned that usually, when all is not well with him at billiards, 
 the fault is with himself or in his stroke. A less skillful per- 
 former will blame the balls when a sagging floor has thrown 
 the table out of level, the table when a ball needs either 
 truing or a holiday, the chalk or the leather when he is wildly 
 throwing his whole body at the ball, and the cushion when 
 diminished speed is really due to the influence of a protracted 
 spell of damp weather upon cloth or ivory. One is sure to 
 absorb moisture, and the other may. 
 
12 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 As soon as play is over, and especially in damp weather, the 
 cloth should first be hair-brushed and then whisk-broomed, 
 both processes being with the nap. This, on all tables prop- 
 erly set up, runs in the one direction, although what in 
 America and elsewhere are called "head" and "foot" be- 
 come "bottom" and "top" in England, an inversion whose 
 effect is to make the grain run the same way in both, the 
 English starting from the bottom. Whether table be pocket 
 or carom, the dust is to be swept out through the two corners 
 farthest from the "string-line," or "balk," as it is termed in 
 Canada, India, England and Australia. 
 
 Beating with the hair-brush is not advisable. Cloth 
 should not be so long neglected as to need it. The brush 
 spreads in the pounding, and its action is as much against 
 the nap as with it. 
 
 THE CUES. 
 
 As to both their selection and their care, players should 
 trust to the roomkeeper and his staff. An owner of a private 
 table ought to see that, after play, they are not only kept 
 away from a heater, but are also stood exactly upright in their 
 rack, to prevent warping or crooking. Under-leathers some- 
 times need sandpapering to overcome expansion. Neglected, 
 they will wear away the nap of the cloth in low-ball "draw- 
 shots," if not make it picturesque with L-shaped rents, 
 although the usual start of these rents is that the cloth has 
 been minutely punctured either by a hammered cue-ball 
 (masse) or by one made acrobatic by an unskillful, thought- 
 less stroke as it leaves either the cue or the cushion. For 
 slightly roughening the surface of the upper leather, solidi- 
 fying it, smoothing its edges, and generally "rounding it off" 
 as a finishing touch, a fine rasp is of service; but it should 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 13 
 
 not be used without that instruction which any competent 
 roomkeeper will be glad to give. 
 
 It is a habit with a few to chalk both their bridge-hand 
 and the upper half of their cues in muggy weather, thereby 
 befouling their own cloth and that of the table. A wet rag, 
 followed by a dry one, will remove the stickiness. 
 
 Cues are made as light as 12 ounces, but those most in 
 demand are from 17 to 22. 
 
 Ball-pool, in calling for a somewhat different stroke from 
 that of ordinary caroms, needs a little longer cue. 
 
 CUE-LEATHERS. 
 
 Self-adhesives, with directions accompanying every box, 
 have made the act of leathering an easy art ; but selection is 
 still a science, and here again, until experience has taught the 
 amateur not so much, perhaps, what he needs as what he 
 ought to expect to get, manufacturer or roomkeeper will be 
 the safer guide. 
 
 The same counsel will apply to 
 
 CHALK. 
 
 Most on the market is good. Much is often unspeakably 
 bad. All should be dry, and as free from grease as from grit. 
 It now comes in various shapes — octagon, cylindrical and 
 square. As the colored is labor-saving, few roomkeepers have 
 use for the white. Just as few took to the colored when first 
 brought to notice, nearly forty years ago, although it was 
 made green in order not to show itself upon the cloth. 
 
 THE CUSHIONS. 
 
 Elasticity, accuracy and durability are their requisites. 
 By elasticity is not meant excessive speed, for a cushion can 
 
14 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 be made so fast as utterly to baffle the good player without 
 ultimately aiding the bad one who craves it. All other things 
 equal, that cushion is best which is neither radical nor unex- 
 pected in its angles, and is least susceptible to ordinary 
 atmospheric changes. 
 
 Until their covering begins to wear out in spots, cushions 
 need no other attention than to be lightly brushed when the 
 bed-cloth is cleansed, and every few weeks to have their bolts 
 tightened by the merest turn or fraction. Should the bolts 
 be overlooked too long, the cushion itself, by emitting a 
 jingling sound, will give notice that a shrinkage in wood or 
 metal calls for carpenter's bit-and-brace. 
 
 The height of the top of the modern cushion-rail from the 
 floor, if level, may be roundly expressed as thirty-four inches, 
 and that of the cushion's knife-like edge from the bed is one 
 and seven-sixteenths inches. This is for the regulation 
 American and French ball, which, at one-quarter of an inch 
 above its centre, comes into contact, with the cushion's edge. 
 Struck with force, a much larger ball would jump over the 
 cushion, while a much smaller, jamming itself between table's 
 bed and cushion's edge, would jump inwardly. 
 
 Cushions must be tuned to balls. Unless the former have 
 a given height and pitch, there cannot be accurate reflection, 
 and there may be inaccurate stroke. Height has already been 
 discussed. Pitch is the inward slant of the cushion's top 
 surface as a guide to the cue in certain situations. 
 
 THE MAGIC BALLS. 
 
 With balkline the vogue, as much depends upon balls, 
 cloth and cushions as upon the player himself. 
 
 Balls should be of well-seasoned ivory, and the only avail- 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 15 
 
 able guarantee as to that is the ability of manufacturers to 
 carry a heavy stock. 
 
 There are players who talk of perfect balls, but a well- 
 turned ball is the limit, and neither its truing-up nor its re- 
 coloring should ever be intrusted to other than an artisan of 
 conceded skill and experience. Earth has never known an 
 absolutely round sphere or a perfectly smooth plane. Under 
 the glare of a chemical light, lens and screen will show hills and 
 valleys in both. 
 
 Requiring much patience and much ivory, matching balls 
 is an art in itself. The lower end of a tusk is too small for 
 carom balls, and the upper and larger too hollow. Perhaps 
 six balls, on an average, can be shaped out of the central 
 section. The ball toward the smaller end is closer-grained 
 than any of its companions, all of which, while of the one size, 
 may differ in other respects from one another. Possibly out 
 of twenty tusks not fifty balls will be found approximately 
 equal, in sets of three, with respect to weight and centralized 
 gravity. As sets, they may all differ from one another, not- 
 withstanding that any one set is fit for ordinary use ; and for 
 an important match the whole twenty tusks are liable not to 
 turn out three balls alike in size, weight and central gravity. 
 
 The best and dearest ivory is the rarest — the worst, of 
 course, is cheapest. Some tusks, as they grow, acquire more 
 moisture than others. The dentine in the millions of little 
 cells is greater in one tusk than in another. When it comes 
 to billiard-balls, what the animal fed upon up to from ten to 
 twenty years of age, and also where it fed, are no inconsider- 
 able factors, could we find them out. Some tusks partly 
 season by sun-drying as they grow, their owners having to 
 trot long distances for water. Other elephants rear them- 
 selves where water is abundant, but sunshine scarce- There 
 
16 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 would also seem to be more durability in the detached tusk 
 than in balls made from it. The writer has a match-set he 
 knows to be at least twenty-three years old, that have never 
 been re-turned, and that have not had their cardboard box 
 opened in nearly twenty years. What will happen to them 
 if put on table? Within four hundred feet of where they rest, 
 the set used in the Phelan-Seereiter match fell to pieces, in 
 1867, as soon as played with. As souvenirs they had lain 
 idle eight years. In Paris, some years later, professors en- 
 gaged in a series of games with a set from a tusk (that of a 
 mammoth) presumably thousands of years old. Until told 
 the players had no idea but that those balls were from a 
 modern elephant, born and despoiled within their own life- 
 time. 
 
 In view of all this, is it any winder either that manufac- 
 turers decline to guarantee ivory or that man to-day knows 
 no more about it and its care than was known two hundred 
 years ago ? 
 
 Heat is a greater foe to balls than cold. The latter is not 
 an abstract, positive quality or condition, being merely the 
 absence of heat. Could excessive warmth be guarded against 
 as to billiard-balls, there would be little reason to dread the 
 chilly draught. At the outset, balls need to be much larger in 
 hot climates than in cold. We in America murmur, and yet 
 billiards, both social and spectacular, is played in countries 
 where heat and moisture will change every new set from 
 sphere to spheroid within a month. 
 
 Balls usually do their prettiest freaks across the grain, but 
 sometimes do them with the grain. Those that swell under 
 the influence of moisture will occasionally, if allowed to 
 remain idle for months, resume their proper form automatic- 
 ally; but in a large majority of cases truing-up is the only 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 17 
 
 cure. Balls that crack will be helped to heal, like human lips 
 that chap, by touching them somewhat sparingly with tallow. 
 Neither rubbing balls with oil nor storing them in sawdust 
 saturated with it is recommended. There are countries 
 having peculiarly evaporative traits in which oil has been 
 proved a blessing, but in this climate tallow for cracks and 
 sawdust without oil are about the limit of cure and pre- 
 vention. 
 
 Balls should never be placed on or near a heater. Modern 
 artificial warmth is ivory's direst enemy. Roomkeepers meet 
 with fewer mishaps as to balls when their places are heated 
 by stoves. Those fresh from play, especially in hot rooms, 
 should not be placed on metal or stone, nor even on wood 
 near door or window. Metal and stone are no colder than the 
 room itself, although feeling colder to the touch; but they 
 have a wonderful capacity for stealing heat from other things 
 and giving it away in space, to suck in more. Nor should balls 
 be put at once into an iron safe. Their play has been work, 
 and there can be no work without generating inside heat. 
 The old way was to put them up on a shelf in the open room. 
 The box might have a lid, but there would be holes in it the 
 year round. The fire would go out slowly and early, and 
 zero might come after midnight, but the balls would be there 
 at 8 a.m. sharp. Nails in the floor worried the old-timers, 
 with their self- ventilating balls, more than heat or cold. 
 
 It was their fashion, too, never to put new balls in play at 
 once. No matter how well-seasoned ivory is in point of age, 
 it is practically nowhere riper than in its greenest part. Con- 
 sequently a ball pared in spots in re-turning is virtually a new 
 ball throughout in proffering the atmosphere new access to 
 its interior. Were new balls put upon the table every day 
 for two or three weeks, after the chill is off the room, and 
 
18 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 merely toyed with, without ever being struck with anything 
 like force, they would probably give better and longer service. 
 
 A private table should have two sets of balls, and public 
 rooms not fewer than three sets to every two carom tables. 
 
 As soon as play is done, the balls should be wiped off with 
 a moist cloth, and then dried and polished with one of wool or 
 chamois, so fine as not to scratch. 
 
 Composition balls have advantages besides their cheapness, 
 but the demand for them continues to be almost confined in 
 this country to ball-pool. The prejudice against them for 
 caroms is still, as it was thirty-six years ago, that they are not 
 ivory. The interval has greatly improved them, however, 
 and this year's promise of " absolute perfection" may at least 
 result in coming closer to it than ever before. 
 
 The match-standard American carom-ball, always of ivory, 
 is of 2f diameter, with the red no larger than the whites. 
 Standard ones for ordinary use are, when new, either 2J 
 full or 2 7-16 scant. 
 
PART I 
 
 MANUAL. 
 
 In billiards first impressions form no inconsiderable 
 bearing upon the future practice, and success depends, 
 to a considerable extent, whether these impressions be 
 good or bad, true or false. Too often one endeavoring 
 to learn without the aid of an instructor falls into error 
 through a misunderstanding of the first principles, or 
 a disregard for them, in efforts to accomplish the de- 
 sired ends, by means which at the moment appear the 
 readiest, but are liable, in the majority of cases, to be at 
 variance, and opposed to the laws governing the princi- 
 ple. Repetitions of this fault create a habit, and the 
 player, finding his game does not show the satisfactory 
 improvement he has reason to expect, seeks a remedy in 
 an instructor who, seeing the false ideas governing his 
 pupil's movements, is forced to rid him of all that he has 
 acquired, and recommence upon an entirely new basis. 
 All know the difficulty of changing at once the ideas 
 which have been long entertained, even though one is 
 satisfied of their falsity ; and to avoid this it is better, when 
 possible, to start in a proper manner, secure a compe- 
 
20 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 tent teacher, and accustom one's self to the proper mode of 
 play in the beginning. A teacher, to be valuable, should 
 be able not only to show how the stroke is to be made, 
 but to make it and tell why the effect is produced and 
 how, to give the reasons for the different motions, and, 
 in fact, to understand the philosophy as well as the prac- 
 tice of the game. 
 
 There have been published some fifty or more volumes 
 upon the game of billiards, in English, French, and Ger- 
 man, and despite this number the remark has often been 
 made that one cannot learn to execute well from a book. 
 This, to a great extent, has been the fault of the authors, 
 who have been obscure in their meanings, have not 
 shown the simple reasons why each particular descrip- 
 tion of stroke is made, and have indulged too much in 
 perplexing fractions and algebraic problems, or else they 
 have reached the opposite extreme, and give no particu- 
 lars other than how to strike the ball, and what the result 
 will be after it is so struck. It has been the desire and 
 effort of the writer to make the following directions and 
 diagrams so plain and comprehensible that any one, by 
 the exercise of ordinary care, can learn to play billiards 
 well, by following them, and the finished player may be 
 able to learn something further by a study of these pages. 
 But, in order that this end may be attained, the player is 
 urged to follow the teachings implicitly, and where his 
 own views may be in conflict with those herein ex- 
 pressed, he should discard them and conform strictly 
 with those found hereafter. Every diagram and exam- 
 ple in this volume has been carefully tested, and if the 
 stroke is made as required, the result is inevitably as set 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 21 
 
 forth ; should it fail, the player will discover some diver- 
 gence on his part from the instruction. 
 
 ATTITUDE. 
 
 The acquisition of a good attitude is a point of the 
 first importance to the student of billiards, and yet, from 
 its purely physical nature, is a subject which almost de- 
 fies the control of any written rules. There are peculi- 
 arities of height and figure which render the rules that 
 would be excellent in one case totally inapplicable in the 
 other ; thus it is impossible to define by inches the dis- 
 tance at w T hich a player should stand from the table, 
 when about to strike ; for not only will the different 
 statures of men cause a difference of position — but, even 
 with the same player, different positions of the ball will 
 call for corresponding changes of attitude. 
 
 Under these circumstances, the best that can be done 
 is to give a general direction, which each student must 
 apply for himself to his own particular case. Let him 
 stand with his left foot slightly advanced, his left arm 
 extended and resting on the table to form a bridge, and 
 his body, not facing the table squarely, but forming an 
 acute angle with the side at w r hich he stands ; let him 
 relax all the muscles of his limbs into their usual and 
 most natural posture — for rigidity of body is at all times 
 awkward and ungraceful, and seriously interferes with 
 play. The striking motion should be confined to the 
 wrist and arm, and chiefly to the lower division of it ; 
 athletes in billiards, or those persons who throw their 
 bodies forward after the cue, would do well to renounce 
 
22 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 the "game," for that quality totally unfits them for the 
 delicacy of touch arid firmness of body, eye, and pur- 
 pose, which are the grand essentials of success. The 
 body should remain immovable as a rock, while the right 
 arm swings to and fro at a sufficient distance to avoid 
 contact with the side, when advancing. All spasmodic 
 motion and muscular contortions should be avoided ; 
 mere bodily strength in the player will not give strength 
 to his stroke ; the quantity of motion imparted to the 
 ball will correspond precisely with the weight of the cue 
 multiplied by the velocity with which it is advancing 
 at the instant of contact ; and therefore the only force 
 required from the player, even for the strongest stroke, 
 is force enough to cause his cue to move forward at a 
 rate of speed which, multiplied by its gravity, will give 
 the required result. As said, this motion should ema- 
 nate especially from the wrist and forearm. It is im- 
 possible to describe exactly what should be conveyed ; 
 but if the readers, when striking, will imagine that 
 they are throwing a lasso, and give the same quick, 
 steady force of wrist to the cue that is required in 
 flinging the coil, they will understand exactly what is 
 required. 
 
 It is owing to the knowledge of this secret, that men, 
 physically weak, are frequently more than a match in 
 billiard-strength for players who have the proportions 
 of Hercules, and the " dead pull " of Samson when he 
 brought down the pillars of the temple on the heads of 
 the assembled heathen. 
 
 As for the attitude in which a lady should stand while 
 playing billiards, no instruction is needed ; perfect ease 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 23 
 
 is perfect grace, and perfect ease of position is the grand 
 desideratum for the billiard-player. As the ladies are 
 always graceful, they will naturally observe that ease of 
 attitude which it is only necessary to enforce upon the 
 ruder and more awkward sex. 
 
 The male novice should avoid all stiffness and parade 
 — all affected dignity. Let the dress and attitude be 
 such as to afford the body a perfect mastery of its own 
 movements. A practised eye can discriminate at the first 
 glance, on entering a billiard-room, which is the really 
 skilful player, and which the pretentious bungler, by 
 merely noting the contrast which the good player's easy 
 grace presents to the rigid formalism of the other. Pa- 
 ganini, in his younger days, when he taught the violin, 
 used to give his pupils six months time in which to prac- 
 tise how to hold the instrument and bow. When they 
 understood that thoroughly, he could teach them, he 
 said, the remainder of the art in a few weeks. 
 
 Now, without requiring so long an apprenticeship — 
 without, in fact, requiring any at all — if the student will 
 only allow himself to stand in his natural position, the first 
 essential feature of the game will have been accomplished. 
 
 The left foot should be pushed slightly forward, point- 
 ing straight ahead, while the right is withdrawn, and 
 turned outward, at whatever angle is habitual and most 
 convenient to the player. The body should be fairly 
 balanced, for, without this equilibrium, we can neither 
 have grace nor ease. The left arm, when necessary, 
 should be advanced and rested on the table — the left 
 hand being extended, as in the cut, to form a " bridge/ 
 (See page 36.) 
 
24 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 SELECTION OF A CUE. 
 
 Select a cue in harmony with the physical powers, and 
 become accustomed so much as possible to play with 
 cues of similar weight. From fifteen to nineteen ounces 
 are fair weights, according to the balls now used in play. 
 A cue, if too heavy, will paralyze the nerves of the arm 
 and render them unable to estimate correctly the amount 
 of force employed ; if too light, on the other hand, it will 
 call for an amount of force so great as to be incompatible 
 with a steady and deliberate aim. Without some sen- 
 sation communicated to the hand through the cue, when 
 it contacts with the ball, it would be impossible for ex- 
 perts to accomplish the great runs so often made. 
 
 The heavier the cue the less is the influence of the 
 stroke on the ball felt, and it is carried beyond or falls 
 short of the point desired. The delicate touch for nurs- 
 ing should be as apparent as the stronger stroke. 
 
 Finally, let the cue be straight, for any crookedness in 
 this instrument distracts the eye, and may seriously in- 
 terfere with the manual correctness. 
 
 CUE-LEATHERS. 
 
 The leather is an important feature of the cue — in fact, 
 an all-important one to any player who deals much in 
 the strokes which are technically described as "forcing," 
 "twisting," and "following." With an inferior leather, 
 his play will be paralyzed by miscues. In selecting the 
 cue-leather, choose such as possess the finest fibre, and 
 are at the same time solid, pliable, and elastic ; and see 
 to it that they have a good, solid underleather, as that 
 2* 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 25 
 
 will save the point of the cue from breaking away, and 
 will last longer than a thin one. Before being fitted on 
 to the cue, they should be thoroughly well beaten out on 
 a lapstone, so as to prevent them from spreading in the 
 course of play ; but that side of them which is next the 
 cue should be roughened with a file or sandpaper, as also 
 the cue itself, in order that the adhesive wax may be able 
 to take good hold. The leather should be rounded, not 
 flat, yet each must decide for himself the exact degree of 
 convexity which will best suit his play. When the point 
 of the leather becomes glazed from excessive play, a lit- 
 tle sandpaper should be used to roughen it, so that the 
 chalk may stick. 
 
 HOW TO HOLD THE CUE. 
 
 The cue should be held lightly in the hand, and when 
 the tip rests one-eighth of an inch from the ball the cue- 
 hand will be found beneath but a trifle forward of the 
 elbow. This assures near a horizontal stroke, whereas 
 if the cue be held at the extreme end of the butt, a 
 curved motion up and down is given it in making the 
 stroke. The cue is to be held by the three fingers and 
 thumb, bent about it for support. When the stroke 
 is given, and the cue carried forward, the hand closes 
 naturally and without effort on the part of the player, 
 then as the cue is drawn back the hand opens and is 
 found again as described. The hand is not closed upon 
 the cue until the instant the ball is struck, when it is 
 done instinctively ; the strength of this grasp being gov- 
 erned by the quickness of the movement. The speed of 
 the cue, rather than the weight of the body or the great- 
 
26 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 ness of muscle, gives force to the ball. At the instant of 
 aim being perfected the stroke should be made, and he 
 who has the faculty of quickest perception and calculation 
 will become the finest player. 
 
 AIM AND DELIVERY. 
 
 To determine the line of aim let the bridge hand be 
 raised or lowered as may be made necessary for the de- 
 livery of the cue, care being taken to elevate the butt as 
 little as possible, thus permitting the cue to rest nearly 
 horizontal. In changing the height of the bridge hand 
 do not allow the end of the thumb to rise or fall, sepa- 
 rated from the forefinger, against which it should rest 
 gently, but secure the proper height by raising or lower- 
 ing the palm of the hand from the table, permitting the 
 weight to come upon the heel of the hand and the ends 
 of the fingers. 
 
 In preparing for the stroke many things must be con- 
 sidered ; the strength to be employed, the chances for a 
 "kiss," the weight of the ball and cue, the probable po- 
 sition for the succeeding carom, and the more important 
 matter of all, the exact spot upon the cue-ball to be hit 
 with the cue-point. 
 
 First, resolve upon the direction of aim, then the point 
 on the cue-ball for receiving the cue ; let the eye rise to 
 the spot of contact on the object-ball, and instantly upon 
 being satisfied the calculations are correct make the 
 stroke. At the moment the cue strikes the cue-ball the 
 eye should shift to the object-ball, as with the marksman 
 who regards the target rather than his rifle, in shooting. 
 In moving the cue backward and forward to secure aim, 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 27 
 
 let its point each time come within one-eighth of an inch 
 of the ball, being careful, of course, not to make a foul. 
 Some players do not permit the cue to approach nearer 
 the ball than an inch, and at that distance a stroke false 
 to the calculation is most certain to result. The begin- 
 ner should not be discouraged by the result of a stroke 
 which he may have reasoned to himself was perfect. 
 Whatever the intentions may have been before making 
 it, the course of the ball will show beyond doubt the 
 stroke that w r as actually made, and the player will then 
 understand, if that course be different than he antici- 
 pated, that the point of contact upon the cue-ball was 
 not such as he intended ; he must remember, in fact, 
 that the laws of motion are unalterable, while human 
 vision is easily deceived. 
 
 THE CUE-BALL. 
 
 The centre of the cue-ball being considered the point 
 from which all calculations are made, the following w 7 ords 
 are used in the directions for making shots to express a 
 stroke at fractional distances from this centre. 
 
 The centre, as presented to player in a horizontal stroke : 
 Above means above centre. 
 Below " below " 
 Eight " right of " 
 Left " left of " 
 
 Masse Stroke. 
 
 The centre, as the player looks down upon the ball : 
 Aft means off the perpendicular centre, directly away from the 
 object-ball looking from above, in direction of the line of aim. 
 Forward means forward of centre toward object-ball. 
 Right " right t4 from line of aim. 
 
28 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 a 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 29 
 
 Left means left of centre from line of aim. 
 The cue-ball is that with which the play is made. 
 The object-ball is the first ball struck by the cue-ball. 
 The carom-ball is the second ball struck by the cue-ball, complet- 
 ing the carom. 
 
 It is first necessary to master the centre-stroke, which 
 is accomplished by delivering the cue at the point g, the 
 line #, e, a, being the centre diameter of the ball. 
 
 The centre stroke imparts to the ball a natural impell- 
 ing force where the strength of stroke is not in excess of 
 " ordinary" (see Plate I). This stroke should always be 
 used unless the player has a reason for a different delivery. 
 Any divergence from the centre produces an effect on 
 the ball in excess of the natural, and when applied in the 
 smallest degree the result should be fully understood. 
 
 A centre stroke, with exceeding strength, produces an 
 effect herein explained : 
 
 A centre stroke, slow or medium, will cause the cue- 
 ball to rotate the instant of delivery, but in excess of me- 
 dium the ball will slide a distance over the cloth before 
 rotating, that distance being governed by the strength of 
 stroke, and when thus sliding should contact be had with 
 an object ball, at the slightest variation from its centre, 
 right or left, the cue-ball will perform a right angle to 
 either side, and the object-ball, taking up the impelling 
 force, continues the direct right line of the cue-ball. 
 
 The Follow-Stroke. 
 
 By viewing the diagram in such way as will bring the 
 explanation under letter A into a proper reading position, 
 the follow shot is seen. For this stroke the cue is 
 delivered i above centre, imparting two forces to the 
 
30 MODERN BTLLIARDS. 
 
 ball : impelling it forward in direction of arrow a and 
 rotating in direction of arrow b, the entire force of the 
 blow converging to centre of motion e. With this stroke 
 the cue- ball, after striking the object-ball full, follows 
 directly in its path. At the instant of impact with an ob- 
 ject-ball, the cue-ball will, if struck with great strength, 
 apparently stand still through the resistance of opposite 
 forces caused by contact, but the rotating power over- 
 coming the repelling tendency of the concussion, carries 
 it forward on its original path. 
 
 It will be noticed the line k through the cue meets the 
 spot h on the ball which is the point of aim, and this 
 should be the case in every description of stroke. Only 
 a part of the surface of the leather impinges upon the 
 ball in this stroke, and the quantity of surface is governed 
 by the strength used, for the stronger the blow the 
 greater the indentation of the ball in the leather. The 
 effect of delivering the cue-ball on the object -ball right 
 or left of full will become apparent to the student early in 
 his practice. 
 
 The cue may be delivered still farther above the 
 centre — a f delivery, which imparts excessive rotation, 
 and which is as far above as the leather will hold on 
 the ball surface. The "follow" can also be executed 
 with the cue delivered as far as one-fourth below centre, 
 but the latter delivery should be with a "slow T " strength 
 of stroke, that the ball may rotate naturally; if it be 
 full upon the object-ball and with strength exceeding 
 ' medium," the cue-ball will stop, or will perform a right 
 angle if played a fraction off the centre, as shown is 
 Plate IV., Balls 1 and 6- 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS, 31 
 
 The Draw-Stroke, 
 
 Turn the diagram so the letter B may come beneath 
 it and the draw-shot is illustrated. 
 
 The delivery as shown is one-half below centre, with 
 the central line k through cue meeting the point of con- 
 tact, h, on ball, and imparting to it three distinct forces, 
 that of impulsion, rotation, and retrograde, the latter 
 causing the cue-ball to rotate in direction of the arrow b ; 
 the strength of this force is such as to counteract the 
 natural tendency of the impulsion, prevent the forward 
 rotation, and cause the ball thereby to slide over the 
 cloth without the rolling motion. This stroke holds the 
 ball (thus preventing for the instant its natural rotation) 
 in a position corresponding with the line e to i, the mo- 
 ment the impelling force is communicated to the object- 
 ball, which is at the instant of contact, the retrograde 
 power acts with all its remaining strength, and it returns 
 in the direction of the player. The distance between the 
 balls must regulate the strength of the stroke, but greater 
 distance between cue- and object-ball requires greater 
 force, that the cue-ball may retain its retrograde tendency 
 which prevents its being displaced by friction in sliding 
 over the cloth, which inertia in the cue-ball acts in the 
 direction of dotted line i to j. A delivery ^ below, with 
 the object-ball the length of the table away, will act as a 
 " slowed " ball only. The quick, sudden delivery move- 
 ment of the cue made with the aid of the wrist is what 
 imparts the retrograde or "draw" tendency to the ball ; 
 there should be no spasmodic motion, but a free and 
 horizontal blow direct at the calculated spot on the sur« 
 
32 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 face of the cue-ball, permitting the cue to pass naturally 
 beyond where the cue-ball has rested, as the grip of the 
 hand upon the cue will stop the latter when the limit of 
 its swing is reached, except where cue- and object-balls 
 are near together; in the latter case, that a foul may be 
 avoided, a "twist" or "English" is imparted to the cue- 
 ball, which carries the cue naturally off the side of the 
 cue-ball. 
 
 Do not withdraw the cue; it is an awkward habit many 
 persons have acquired. The limit of the swing of the cue is 
 governed by the strength of the stroke. Full instructions 
 in regard to the cue and its delivery have already been 
 given. 
 
 The "English" or " Twist "Stroke. 
 
 Bringing C beneath the diagram, we have the " English" 
 stroke, with the cue delivered at J right of centre, which 
 imparts to the cue-ball a perpendicular axis. A variation 
 to the slightest degree in twist makes a difference in the 
 direction of the cue-ball, which can only be appreciated 
 by those who have studied it carefully. 
 
 A player, when instructed to deliver a i cue-ball, for 
 instance, will disregard the direction and deliver a J or 
 even a h ball, apparently unconscious or careless of the 
 value of the change. When it is understood that a cue- 
 ball may be made to carom upon a ball placed anywhere 
 upon the bed of the table by the application of the proper 
 degree of twist, then the player will recognize the neces- 
 sity or advisability of so fixing the various degrees in his 
 mind as to have them always ready for use. A twist se- 
 cures, of course, a false angle, and is used generally when 
 
MODERN .BILLIARDS. 33 
 
 the natural angle will not accomplish the result desired, 
 and again, often is employed to control the object-ball. 
 
 The velocity of the cue-ball in the twist-stroke is 
 governed by the divergence from the centre at which 
 delivery of cue is made. There is a method in employ- 
 ing twist which is effective, that of combining it with the 
 division of the object- and cue-balls, giving an exact line 
 of aim to be had in no other way. When the twist is 
 applied to that side of the cue-ball coming in contact 
 with the object-ball, the aim will be more positive, as the 
 cue covers the exact line of aim through the two balls. 
 
 The effect of the twist may be marked by placing the 
 cue-ball upon its spot, and playing the cue-ball, hit in its 
 centre, at the left side cushion, at an angle of 45°. The 
 ball in its rebound taking a natural angle, traverses a line 
 corresponding to its original line of departure from the 
 cue. Impart right-hand English and the angle grows ob- 
 tuse ; increase the twist and the angle widens accord- 
 ingly, and it grows until the extreme angle is reached 
 through application of excessive twist. 
 
 Players frequently are at a loss to know upon which 
 side to apply twist to accomplish certain desired results, 
 and but few give sufficient thought to the matter to un- 
 derstand the theory of the " English." A cue-ball struck 
 upon its right side and contacting with the left cushion 
 at an angle of 45°, the cue-ball touching cushion at point 
 I on ball (see p. 44), will describe an obtuse or wide angle, 
 which is nearer parallel to the cushion than the natural 
 angle, for the reason that the circular spinning motion, 
 imparted by the cue to the ball, is moving on that side 
 of the ball contacting with cushion in an opposite direc- 
 
34 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 tion to the impelling force (as shown in arrows b and I) ; 
 hence, when it contacts with the cushion, it spins against 
 it in a direction which acts as a blow from the ball on the 
 cushion, and this carries it farther forward. When the re- 
 verse or left English is imparted the revolution of the ball 
 is exactly opposite to that already shown, and its tendency 
 is to leave the cushion toward an acute angle, the direction 
 of the spin on the side contacting being that in which the 
 ball is moving ; so, when it meets the cushion, in place of 
 gliding along it strikes it in such a manner as to receive 
 a check to further onward progress and describes a line 
 inclined toward a right angle from the point of contact. 
 When delivered directly upon a cushion the cue-ball 
 should be struck upon that side toward which it is ex- 
 pected to roll. In compound angles the twist is so con- 
 sumed after leaving the second cushion that the response 
 from a third cushion approximates a natural angle. Many 
 players are deluded with the idea that it is necessary to 
 turn, jerk, or twist the arm when making an "English" 
 stroke, and some suppose the ball should be rubbed by 
 the cue in delivery ; in reality no such thing is required. 
 After the aim is secured, and the point for striking is de- 
 termined upon, let the player make the stroke naturally 
 and easily, and leave everything else to take care of itself. 
 After the blow has been given, no amount of intelligence 
 and no wonderful contortions can alter its effects. In all 
 deliveries imparting twist up to and including "ordinary " 
 strength of stroke, the wrist only is to be used. Every 
 blow delivered with the cue converges to the centre of 
 motion at e in the cue-ball (as shown in arrow c, c,), and 
 every grain of weight in the ball is imparted through the 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 35 
 
 cue to the hand ; therefore with the expert the weight 
 and density of the ball is calculated to a nicety at each 
 delivery, whether it be at centre or at f right or left, 
 else all strengths could not be so cleverly estimated in 
 gathering and holding the balls for a long run. 
 
 The Masse. 
 
 Bringing the letter D beneath the illustration the 
 masse stroke is shown. 
 
 This is the most difficult of all strokes to describe and 
 instruct with the pen. The cue is delivered in the dia- 
 gram at the \ ball surface-point h ; the cue is held slant- 
 ing at an angle of 78f degrees, shown by dotted line 
 d. The butt of the cue is held as near the eye as 
 is possible, not interfering with the sight, that the eye 
 may run down the cue covering the spot on the ball 
 to be hit ; the cue is held between the thumb and three 
 fingers, the thumb being on that side toward the face, 
 and when the point of the cue rests on the ball the 
 thumb of this cue-hand should be about three inches 
 above the horizontal line of the elbow of that arm ; this 
 will show the spot on the cue-ball which is to be struck. 
 Permit the cue to play freely and without diverging from 
 a straight line in its movement up and down, to and from 
 the ball, until the aim is secured. 
 
 The bridge is formed by resting the ends of the fingers 
 of the bridge-hand on the table with a slight pressure, 
 the back of the hand being turned outward nearly paral- 
 lel with the side of the body, with the fingers slightly 
 spread to resist vibration from the play of the cue, with 
 
3C) MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 the thumb separated from the hand, with its end resting 
 about an inch and a half from the forefinger. The spot 
 upon the ball for delivery of the cue must be found by 
 looking between the thumb and forefinger, immediately 
 over the outer edge of the cue-tip. Practise this posi- 
 tion as instructed, and when it is acquired more than 
 half the difficulties of the stroke will be overcome. It is 
 
 this correct attitude that goes far toward insuring a 
 proper delivery of the cue-tip on the cue-ball. For de- 
 liveries in excess of "medium" the cue may be held at 
 the butt, the same as heretofore instructed for the 
 regular masse, with the exception that the left fore- 
 arm must rest upon the hip, the forefinger hooked 
 about the cue a foot more or less from the tip. In this 
 way unlimited strength may be used. In the close masse 
 the weight of the cue, guided by the wrist only, is suf- 
 ficient to accomplish the stroke. The forearm is used in 
 addition to the wrist when the balls lie farther apart, 
 judgment, of course, being exercised in imparting the 
 force in accordance with the distance between cue- and 
 object-ball. When 'the delivery is perfect, the bite or 
 grasp of the cue-tip on the ball will be felt in the hand 
 by the player through a sensitive, keen vibration of the 
 cue. The retrograde movement imparted to the cue- 
 ball is that denoted by arrow b, and the slant given the 
 
Taking Aim.— The Ordinary Masse. 
 
38 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 cue, indicated by dotted line d, imparts the impelling 
 force and the ball moves in accordance with the calcula- 
 tion. The cue-ball slides upon the cloth at point a, the 
 same as explained in the draw-stroke. 
 
 Slowed Ball. 
 
 Slowing the cue-ball and speeding the object-ball is 
 one of the most important strokes in the game. If the 
 cue-ball be delivered at the pivot centre of the object- 
 ball, the points of impact will be at the greatest diameter 
 of both balls and the exact centres of each ball will meet, 
 and the cue-ball, if hit ^ below, will stop instantly and 
 rest. If the cue-ball be delivered a hair's-breadth from 
 the centre of the object-ball, the former will describe a 
 perfect right angle from the object-ball, as illustrated in 
 Plate IV., balls 1 and 6. The fractional divergences 
 from centre in delivery of cue on cue-ball gives that ball 
 a separate and distinct action. 
 
 Elevation of the Cue. 
 
 90 78}* 
 
 Diagram giving the degrees of elevation at which the cue should be held. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 39 
 
 The angle line 10° represents the position of cue in 
 making the " draw-jump " shot, the stroke " very hard " 
 f below centre., 
 
 The angle 22-J- is for the "jump stroke," struck ^ 
 above the centre. 
 
 67|-° is the " half-masse," -J- aft the perpendicular or 
 top centre, as hereafter explained under "Masses." 
 
 78f ° is the full masse, the cue-ball being struck i aft 
 the perpendicular centre, i.e., looking down from a line 
 above the ball at 90°, at the top centre of the ball, which 
 latter centre is directly over the centre of motion, and 
 the centre of gravity as well. 
 
 The common angle — 45° — is denoted by a heavy line 
 whereby the player may better gauge the other lines. 
 
 The "Jump" : its Causes and Preventions. 
 
 A ball is made to "jump " by being struck hard \ above 
 its centre with the cue held at an elevation of 22^°. The 
 stroke of the cue at this elevation is resisted by the bed 
 of the table, and the ball rebounds, leaves the table and 
 flies through the air, the distance being regulated by the 
 strength of stroke, which is usually "hard." When the 
 cue-ball reaches the object-ball or cushion, its centre is 
 above that of the object-ball or the top surface of the 
 cushion, causing the ball to ride over whatever it may con- 
 tact with. If the force used is great the object-ball will 
 also be made to "jump," often causing both balls to fall 
 to the floor. When a ball lies close under the cushion it 
 makes necessary an elevation of the cue to about the angle 
 for a "jump ; " when this occurs the player must be very 
 careful in making the stroke, and must sacrifice a certain 
 
40 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 quantity of strength in order to secure the carom, for 
 should considerable force be used the ball will leave the 
 bed of the table. When the ball lies in the open table 
 and it is desirable to use more than " ordinary " strength, 
 it is always better to deliver the cue £ below centre, so as 
 to do away with any possibility of a " jump." The motion 
 of the ball in being struck below centre is denoted by the 
 arrow 6, the bed of the table beings', and when contacting 
 with the cushion at a the ball is rolling upward, and the 
 cushion acting against it holds it down to the table. 
 
 In delivering cue on ball, it is always necessary to ob- 
 serve the exact fractional divergence from centre, as the 
 slightest change may make the stroke a miss. For the 
 fractional parts of balls, the reader is referred to the next 
 succeeding pages . 
 
 Object-Ball 
 
 In the object-ball all distance is measured from its 
 central width (indicated in cut by dotted line a) to 
 its outer edge surface, and the fractional strokes are cal- 
 culated from this centre point, each divergence denoting 
 the body resistance received by the cue-ball from the ob- 
 ject-ball ; thus with f as a full ball, | signifies £ to left 
 or right of centre as may be instructed. 
 
 The position which the object-ball may assume after 
 being struck is unimportant, so far as that particular 
 stroke is concerned ; but in the management of the balls 
 and the ability to leave them in a position favorable to 
 the next play — or unfavorable to his opponent, if the 
 player thinks it impossible to count himself — lies the 
 strength and science of the game. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 41 
 
 General Division of the Object-Balls. 
 
 The spots on the horizontal line through the centre 
 diameter of the ball, are the different fractional parts at 
 which the cue-ball may be delivered, to effect certain re- 
 
 ^4 erExrrcmeliheCut 
 
 suits. The spots are made by exact measurement, and 
 extend from the pivot A toward either side surface. The 
 centre A indicates a "dead full" delivery. The spots 
 right and left of this centre show the points of impact 
 for the cue-ball, as may be directed. 
 
42 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 < 
 
 -v* 
 
 ObjertBalL 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 43 
 
 Division of the Cue and Object Balls. 
 
 The division of the cue and object balls are important 
 elements in the game of billiards for the player to under- 
 stand and master. Both should be divided at the in- 
 stant of aim, and the line of aim should be through the 
 points on the two balls at which they will come in con- 
 tact. If a delivery on the object-ball of a ^ ball right 
 be required, then the left half of the cue- ball will impinge 
 upon the right half of the object-ball ; consequently aim 
 should be taken from and to these parts. 
 
 It is impossible to deliver a full cue-ball on a ^ or 
 other fractional part of an object-ball ; for when a full 
 cue-ball delivery is made upon a full object-ball, the cen- 
 tres of both balls meet. 
 
 The dotted lines show the course the object-ball takes 
 after being struck by the cue-ball. These directions may 
 be considered in effecting either a carom, or in pocketing 
 the ball in the pool games. 
 
 The line from a upon the cue-ball to a upon the object- 
 ball indicates the direction taken by the former when 
 delivered full upon the latter. 
 
 The corresponding letters upon the two balls denote 
 the points of contact. Thus, the letter b on the cue- 
 ball shows the point of fractional division of a f ball, and 
 b upon the object-ball indicates exactly where such a de- 
 livery will bring the cue-ball into contact with it ; the 
 other fractions are at c, d, e, and/. 
 
 The dotted lines beyond the object-ball are the paths 
 
u 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 over which it will travel after being struck by the cue* 
 ball at the fractional deliveries indicated. 
 
 These balls can, of course, be still further divided into 
 other fractions. 
 
 Fractional Divisions of the Cue-Ball. 
 
 When the reader finds, in the explanation of the fol- 
 lowing diagrams, directions to strike the cue-ball at a 
 stated distance above or below the centre, a reference to 
 this plate will show the exact point indicated by the frac- 
 tions. 
 
 The letters b, c, d, e, denote points at which the ball 
 may be struck, giving to it four distinct movements, im- 
 pulsion, rotation, English or twist, and draw or recoil. 
 
DIAGRAM OF STROKES. 
 
46 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF STRENGTH OF STROKE. 
 
 Stroke 1. — A one-cushion stroke, denominated slow. 
 " 2. — A two-cushion " " medium. 
 
 " 3. — A three-cushion " " ordinary, 
 
 " 4. — A four- cushion " " hard. 
 
 " 5. — A five-cushion " " very hard. 
 
 The fractional parts of the table are indicated by the figures J, 
 J, or f , and when employed are to be understood as directing- that 
 such force shall be imparted to the cue-ball as to carry it the dis- 
 tance denoted, either in excess or below the space traversed by the 
 ball when struck with either of the five degrees of strength ; thus 
 •£• in excess of slow instructs the player to use such force as shall 
 return the ball one- half the length of the table after contacting 
 with the cushion. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 49 
 
 PLATE II 
 
 CAROMS ILLUSTRATED, 
 
 Illustrating different lineal directions of the cue-ball, with strength of 
 stroke, "Ordinary" to "Hard" {see Plate I. for strength of 
 stroke). 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ above, object-ball f right ; strength, " or- 
 dinary" to "hard." The cue-ball, partaking of the "fol- 
 low" quality, and having its direction changed by contact 
 with the object-ball, rebounds slightly with the concussion, 
 and in its efforts to regain its natural course — that of the 
 "follow" — describes a convex curve, and effects carom in 
 corner. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Illustrating the concave curve. Cue-ball \ below, 
 object ball f right ; strength of stroke, " ordinary " to " hard." 
 The retrograde tendency given the cue-ball by the "draw" 
 overcomes the impelling power after its contact with the 
 object-ball, and causes it to make the curve shown. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Straight line carom. Cue-ball centre, object-ball f 
 right; strength of stroke, "ordinary." The cue-ball being 
 struck in the centre has neither rotary motion forward nor 
 back, but slides over the bed of the table a certain distance, 
 when the natural condition of a moving sphere overcomes the 
 propelling power, and it takes a rolling movement. Plate 
 IV. fully explains this centre delivery. 
 
50 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 PLAIN CAROMS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF STRENGTH. 
 
 Illustrating the control of cue-ball by application of different forces t 
 and being struck £ below at each stroke ', the object-ball -J right 
 
 To carom on ball 1. — Strength of stroke, medium. 
 
 " " 2.— " " ORDINARY. 
 
 3.— " " HARD. 
 " " 4. — u " VERY HARD. 
 
 Constant practice is necessary to properly gauge the strength 
 required The force of the delivery controls the several caroms. 
 Familiarize the eye with the angle of departure from the object- 
 to the carom-ball, noting the width of space between them. 
 When like positions are brought about in the progress o£ a game, 
 the player will recognize the similarity to those shown here, and 
 will understand how to play. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 53 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 DIAGRAM OF CAROMS SHOWING PLAYER'S CONTROL OF CUE- 
 BALL. 
 
 This plate shows a most useful series of diagrams for general 
 instruction in striking the cue-ball. It is made to carom upon 
 each of the ten numbered balls, playing full each time upon the 
 object-ball a y simply by changing the position of the cue at, be- 
 low, and above the centre of the cue-ball. 
 
 To carom on ball 1. — Cue-ball i below, object-ball f left ; strength 
 of stroke, "medium." This gives the slow movement to the 
 cue-ball and speed to the object-ball, and is used in the game 
 to drive the object-ball for a gathering stroke. 
 To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball " centre," object-ball f left ; strength 
 of stroke " medium." The stroke can also be played with any 
 strength desired. 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball i above, object-ball $ left ; strength 
 
 of stroke, ' ' medium. ' ' 
 To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball i above, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
 
 • 'medium." 
 To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball -J right ; stroke, 
 
 J 1 medium." 
 To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball % below, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
 u medium." By playing the cue-ball i below, and full on the 
 Object-ball, the cue-ball stops and rests at the point where it 
 comes in contact with the object-ball. 
 To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball i below, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
 
 "medium." 
 To carom on ball 8. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball \ right ; stroke, 
 
 "medium." 
 To carom on ball 9. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball -J left ; stroke, 
 
 "medium." 
 To carom on ball 10. — Cue-ball \ below, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
 "medium." The dotted lines 1 and 4 show course of object- 
 ball from a f delivery, and lines 2 and 3 the course from a f 
 delivery, and show also how the object-ball may be thrown in 
 position, as explained hereafter in Part II. 
 The player should thoroughly understand what motion each 
 stroke imparts to the cue-ball, and what positive direction the lat- 
 ter gives to the object-balls. 
 
 In all draw-shots allowance should be made for the curve of the 
 cue-ball when it leaves the object-ball, and direction thereafter 
 should be calculated with the curve considered, its extent being 
 governed by the strength and proximity to the centre of the ob- 
 ject-ball — nearer the centre the less marked is the divergence from 
 a straight line. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 55 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Illustrating tlie various angles resulting from the application of dif- 
 ferent degrees of strength when played at the same point on the 
 cushion. 
 
 Having explained the methods of the direct caronis, the cushion 
 play is illustrated : 
 
 To perform the angle a to b strike the centre of the cue-ball, 
 the line of aim being at the point a. The natural angle from the 
 cushion through a medium stroke is that of line from a to b> b> 
 bearing in mind that with the medium strength the angle of re- 
 flection is always equal to the angle of incidence — that is to say, 
 the line of angle from a to b is the exact counterpart of the ori- 
 ginal direction of the cue-ball to point a. 
 
 An " ordinary " stroke will effect angle from a to c, and the 
 "hard" stroke will produce the angle a to d. 
 
 As the strength of stroke is increased the ball necessarily im- 
 beds itself more firmly in the cushion, and the sudden rebound, 
 together with the resistance from the rubber through indentation, 
 throws it off with greater velocity and produces a more acute 
 angle. 
 
56 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 DIVISION OF ANGLES. 
 
 Diagram 1. — The angle from c, a, to ball 2 represents the angles 
 of incidence and reflection, and it is drawn mentally before 
 considering the ball 1. If a ball is banked from c at the centre 
 diamond at b on the end cushion, it will take its angle of reflec- 
 tion directly on ball 2. Therefore, with ball 1 placed as per 
 diagram, with its edge surface at the line running from c to a, 
 and the centre stroke on cue-ball on ^ right of ball 1, with 
 strength of stroke "slow," the cue-ball will follow same angle 
 found in the bank and will carom on ball 2. 
 
 Regarding diagrams 2, 3, 4, and 5, follow the same directions as 
 in diagram 1, excepting, of course, in the necessary change of im- 
 pingement, owing to the difference in position toward the diamond 
 sight b, increasing the strength of stroke to cover the lines of the 
 diagram. 
 
 Play to be made from ball 3 to 4, 5 to 6, etc., etc. 
 
58 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 platp: VII. 
 
 PHILOSOPHY OF THE ENGLISH OK TWIST STROKE. 
 
 When " English " or "twist" is applied to the cue-ball in itfl 
 course, it is forced from a straight line and diverges to an extent 
 that it will pass around a ball placed in a direct line before it. 
 The line of aim in the diagram is a i ball right on the object- 
 ball, cue-ball f left and £ below; stroke, "medium." This 
 stroke is the application of the extreme English and extreme 
 draw, and is of such force as permits the combined motions — im- 
 pelling, rotating, retrograde, and diagonal — applied to the cue- 
 ball to act upon it. The distance from the starting-point of the* 
 greatest point of divergence of a cue-ball is, of course, governed 
 by the strength of stroke applied. 
 
 The point e is the natural destination of the cue-ball struck at 
 centre, upon i object-ball, and the difference in space between 
 points e and/ may be made by striking the ball, as shown in the 
 diagram, for the reason that the cue-ball, diverging as it does 
 from a straight line, takes from the point c a new direction, effect- 
 ing a i stroke upon the object-ball and rolling, as we have said, 
 to point /. 
 
 The dotted line d shows the direction in which the ball is forced 
 by being struck on the side, but the ball rotating in the opposite 
 direction to that which it is impelled, in consequence of the twist 
 and draw imparted, aided by the resistance through friction of 
 the nap of the cloth, serves to bring it back to the original point 
 of aim, as shown by the curved loop-line, A, which denotes twisx. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 61 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 ILLUSTRATING CUSHION TWISTS. 
 
 This diagram illustrates the three principal strokes of the cue- 
 ball on the cushion, showing the effect of twist after contact of 
 ball with the cushion : 
 
 If the cue-ball be struck in the centre from point shown in the 
 diagram, upon the cushion at «, its natural course will be the 
 line from a to b — stroke, " medium." If f right and f below at a, 
 it will take the extreme angle indicated by the line a to (2— stroke, 
 "medium." If | left and f below at a, stroke, " ordinary," it 
 will effect the angle from a to c. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 63 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 CUSHION CAROMS BY CENTRE STROKE, ENGLISH OR TWIST, FROM 
 
 ONE POSITION. 
 
 This plate gives simple examples of the cushion angles shown 
 in previous diagrams. 
 
 To carom on balls 7 or 8. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball i right ; 
 stroke, " medium." This is the natural or reflected angle. 
 
 To carom on balls 2 or 4. — Cue-ball f right, -§■ above, object-ball 
 i right ; stroke, " medium." 
 
 To carom on balls 3 or 5. — Cue-ball f right, i above, object-ball 
 i right ; stroke, "medium." 
 
 To carom on balls 6 or 9. — Cue-ball f left — a reverse English — ob- 
 ject-ball i right ; stroke, M medium." 
 
64 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE X. 
 COMPOUND ANGLES. 
 
 Illustrating the manner of effecting a 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cushion carom. 
 
 Ball a, a is introduced as an imaginary one from which the 
 player may make the mental calculation of the angles necessary 
 to secure the carom, as shown before in Plate VII. 
 
 After finding the angles place the ball 1 as in diagram, strike 
 cue-ball (2) 1 right, J- below, object-ball J right; stroke, "ordi- 
 nary." Cue-ball cushions at a, 5, c, r7, and e, caroming on ball 3. 
 
 Should a ball be located at either of the points indicated as 
 those where the cue-ball contacts with the cushion, of course f 
 carom would be effected there as well. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 67 
 
 PLATE XI 
 THE CUSHION KISS. 
 
 Illustrating the four kiss strokes possible by making stroke on dif- 
 ferent points of the cue-ball and the object-ball f right. 
 
 To kiss to cushion at c. — Where a ball may rest : cue-ball J above, 
 object-ball -J right; stroke, "ordinary." The cue-ball will 
 describe the curve line from ball 1 to c. Should player de- 
 sire to reach any point between c and e the ball 1 should 
 be hit from 1 to f right. Judgment must be exercised as to 
 the precise fractional part and also the strength of stroke. 
 
 To kiss to b. — Cue-ball \ below centre, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." 
 
 To kiss to d, the natural angle of reflection, cue-ball -J- below, ob- 
 ject-ball J right ; stroke, " ordinary." 
 
 To a, the acute angle, cue-ball f below, object-ball -J right ; 
 stroke, "hard." The "draw" imparted to the cue-ball, to- 
 gether with the kiss and the extreme velocity obtained from 
 the cushion resulting from the hard stroke, tends to rebound 
 the cue-ball in a direct line across the table. 
 
68 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION OF THE MASSK STROKE. 
 
 Illustrating the most difficult stroke that may be made without tht 
 personal aid of a teacher. 
 
 Did (/ram 1. — Cue-ball -§ aft of perpendicular centre, the line of aim 
 being direct at ball 1, the elevation of cue being at an angle of 
 78f° ; stroke, " medium." This is a simple initial masse, the 
 cue-ball resting at b. It must be practised constantly to 
 secure proper hold on the cue-ball. The backward whirl given 
 it by the stroke acts instantly upon its contact with the object- 
 ball, because the impelling force is taken from the cue-ball 
 and imparted to the object-ball. Strength of stroke must be 
 slight, the weight of cue is almost sufficient. The fingers of 
 the bridge-hand, in the instance shown, must rest on the 
 rail, with the palm turned toward the cue-ball diagonally. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball, f aft of perpendicular centre, i forward 
 toward the object-ball ; stroke, | less than "slow ;" the line 
 of aim, along dotted line a, from edge of cue ball just off 
 edge of ball 1. The weight of cue, through the gentle motion 
 of the wrist, is sufficient to effect the stroke. 
 
 Diagram 3. — The balls here are at a distance from each other. 
 Cue-ball f left, i forward perpendicular centre ; object-ball, 
 " fine ;" stroke, " slow ;" line of aim on dotted line a. 
 
 Diagram 4. — The distance here is further increased. Cue-ball, f 
 right, i forward perpendicular centre,; stroke, "medium ;" 
 the line of aim along dotted line «, from edge to edge, on ac- 
 count of greater strength. 
 
 Diagram 5. — Cue-ball i left, \ forward perpendicular centre ; 
 stroke, "medium;" line of aim along line a\ object-ball, 
 4 fine," taking direction of line ft, and cue-ball cushions at 
 point c, effecting carom on ball 2 
 
PART II 
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 THE TABLE LAID OUT FOR THE SEVERAL GAMES. 
 
 The letters A, B, C, D, and E, on the diagram opposite, show 
 the position of the spots on the billiard-table. In placing them a 
 line is drawn down the centre of the bed, from and to the middle 
 nails or sights in the head and lower cushions ; another line is then 
 drawn from the centre sights in the side cushions, across the table, 
 and where the lines intersect the spots are placed. 
 
 The spot at A, being next the head of the table, is, in the Amer- 
 ican or four-ball game, the light red spot, and an imaginary line 
 (Gr) across the table at this point is the string ; the spot at B is the 
 dark red spot ; that at D is the white ball spot. The spot at C is 
 the English spot, which is twelve and a half inches from the end or 
 lower cushion, and is used in playing the English game, but in 
 this country it is generally put about nine inches from the lower 
 cushion . 
 
 The spot at D is used in tw T o-ball pool, also, and is placed about 
 five inches from the lower cushion. 
 
 E shows the pin-pool spots, that in the centre being numbered 
 five ; each of the others should be placed three inches from it, in 
 position shown, and measuring from the centre of each spot. 
 
 F shows the position of the balls in playing fifteen-ball pool. 
 The balls are placed in a triangular frame so as to insure exact- 
 ness — the base of the triangle being parallel with the end or lower 
 cushion of the table. The highest number, fifteen, should be 
 placed on the deep red spot at B. 
 
 Figures 1 and 2 show the positions of the semicircles or playing 
 points for the English and three-ball games. 
 
 In playing the English game, the semicircle is drawn from the 
 white ball spot with a radius of ten and one-half to eleven and one- 
 half inches. In England the spot is placed two feet four and one- 
 half inches from the cushion on the English 6 x 12 table. 
 
 The semicircle for the three-ball game is drawn with a radius of 
 six inches on the American table. 
 
 In playing the three-ball game, the spot A is occupied by 
 the white ball, and the spot B by the red. The semicircle 1 is 
 drawn six inches from A, and from within this limit the cue-ball 
 must be delivered in opening the game. 
 
72 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 THE OPENING STROKE. 
 
 The object of a good player is to keep the balls before him in 
 
 such manner that every stroke when completed shall leave another 
 
 to follow. 
 
 Directions. — The cue-ball is placed about three inches from 
 either side of the white spotted ball. In this diagram the 
 left side is employed. When the stroke is 'perfectly made 
 the course of the balls and position left, will approximate the 
 dotted lines, an! at the spots g y /*, and d. With the ordinary 
 player, perhaps, the success of the carom will alone be suffi- 
 cient, regardless of which side the carom-ball is struck by the 
 cue-ball. In this diagram at the finish of the stroke the ob- 
 ject-balls are in front of the cue-ball for the succeeding stroke, 
 whereas the result generally produced from this opening carom 
 is to place the cue-ball between the others. When one per- 
 fects himself at the opening stroke, which can only be done 
 with practice, the direction of the cue and object balls will be 
 easily mastered. The strength of stroke must also be care- 
 fully considered and studied. 
 
 Cue-ball i above, | right, object-ball f left ; stroke, J in excess of 
 " medium.' ' Cue-ball cushions at «, b, effecting carom at 
 point c, about | or £ on the carom-ball from direction of point 
 b. The cue-ball after carom takes the direction of c, d, and 
 rests at or near d ; the carom-ball travels to h, there resting, 
 and object-ball cushions at e, /, stopping finally at g. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 75 
 
 PLATE XV. 
 SIMPLE CAROMS. 
 
 Illustrating tJ<£ natural line of departure of the cue-ball from the 
 object-ball to the carom-ball with different degrees of strength. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball l right; stroke, "me- 
 dium." 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball \ right; stroke, "me- 
 dium." 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball f right; stroke, "ordi- 
 nary." Caroming on ball 2. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-bail centre, object-ball f right ; stroke, "hard." 
 Caroming on ball 3. 
 
 Particular attention must be given to the different degrees of 
 strength of stroke. 
 
 It is necessary to learn these caroms thoroughly, as upon the 
 principles involved in them depend, to a great extent, all the strokes 
 likely to occur in a game of billiards. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 77 
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 DRAW AND FOLLOW STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating the results attained by striking cue-ball above or below 
 
 its centre. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ below, object-ball \\ left ; stroke, "me- 
 dium," effecting carom on ball 2. Ball 1 will return to cor- 
 ner, gathering with ball 2. A wrist stroke. An easy, direct 
 draw. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball J right ; stroke, " me- 
 dium," caroming on ball 2, gathering ball 1 in corner with 
 ball 2. An easy quarter-spread draw. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball jf left ; stroke, "ordi- 
 nary," effecting carom on ball 2. Long draw stroke, some- 
 what difficult. 
 
 Diagram 4. — Cue-ball I above, i left, object-ball -J right ; stroke, 
 "medium." Ball 1 returns from end cushion, and gathers 
 with ball 2. Follow gathering stroke. 
 
 Diagram 5. — Cue-ball i above, i left, object-ball -J right ; stroke, 
 "ordinary," effecting carom on ball 2, ball 1 gathering with 
 ball 2 in corner. A follow stroke, driving ball around the 
 table. 
 
78 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 GATHERING STROKES FROM PLAIN CAROMS. 
 
 Illustrating the first step in gathering balls for a succeeding stroke. ■ 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ above, £ left, object-ball | right j stroke, 
 £ less than "slow," effecting carom on ball 2 at point a. 
 This stroke is played as a half follow, in order to gain the 
 position, although the carom can be easily effected by playing 
 on ball 1, £ right, but this would spread them beyond posi- 
 tion for the succeeding stroke. The course and final resting- 
 place of the different object-balls are indicated in all the dia- 
 grams by the dotted lines and spots, the heavy lines showing 
 the course of the cue-ball. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball £ above, £ left, object-ball }f right ; stroke, 
 "medium," caroming on ball 2. A follow stroke. To insure 
 the cue-ball being held on its proper course, it is struck by the 
 cue just enough left of the centre to prevent the opposite 
 twist taking effect through carelessness ; for if the cue-ball 
 be struck at all to the right of centre, it will not follow the 
 line laid out for it. Forearm and wrist notion only required 
 in this stroke. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball \ below, exact, object-ball | left; stroke, 
 "slow." Spread draw for position. Note in this diagram 
 the curved line of the cue-ball as it leaves the object-ball, and 
 allow for this curve in calculation. 
 
 Note. — That the balls may be placed exact upon the table according to the 
 diagrams, the author suggests that the student follow the plan here given : First 
 refer to the diagram desired for practice. If it be the one herewith (No. XVII.). 
 in order to place ball 2 of diagram 1, draw the direct right lines a, b from the 
 centre of ball 2 to the nearest cushion surface at c, d, jt from the points c, d to 
 centre of ball 2. On the point where the lines a, b intersect, place ball 2. In this 
 manner the student may place any ball exact in position that may be found in 
 either of the plates in this work. To calculate correctly the spot for the placing 
 of a ball, note carefully the distance from the nearest diamond sights, at either 
 nearest cushion, to the point where each line joins the cushion surface, which 
 will be immediately opposite the exact centre of the ball which is to be placed. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 81 
 
 PLATE XVIII. 
 EASY COMPOUND ANGLES. 
 
 Illustrating the angular gathering stroke — Effecting carom from the 
 various position* of object-balls 1, 2, 3, and 4, on ball 5, and 
 gathering all in corner near carom-ball. 
 
 From ball 1.— Cue-ball J above, -& left, object-ball § left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." The course of the cue-ball is marked by the 
 heavy line, that of the object-ball by the dotted line. 
 
 From ball 2. — Cue-ball i above, | left, object-ball i left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." 
 
 From ball 3. — Cue-ball i above, i left, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." 
 
 From ball 4. — Cue-ball i above, ± left, object-ball i left ; stroke, ^ 
 greater than " medium." 
 
 The natural line of departure from the object-ball, if the cue- 
 ball be struck centre at a f ball as stated, would be on the first 
 cushion, to the right of the heavy line indicated, or at spot c ; 
 this, of course, would govern the point of contact with the second 
 cushion, and result in missing the carom. The use of the twist, 
 however, gives it the direction calculated more or less acute than 
 natural. 
 
 The twist given the cue-ball is imparted, to some extent, to the 
 object-ball in impact, causing it to take the proper angles to gather 
 as desired. By some writers and theorists this statement is dis- 
 puted, but repeated experiments have shown it to be a fact beyond 
 question. 
 
 The caroms illustrated could be effected by striking the cue-ball 
 centre, and contacting the object-ball nearer full ; but in order to 
 bring this object-ball into position for next stroke, the twist is ap- 
 plied, and the natural angle is sacrificed for & false one, in order to 
 control the object-ball. 
 
82 MODERN BILLIARDS, 
 
 PLATE XIX. 
 PLAIN AXD ONE-CUSHION STROKES. 
 
 Further illustrating the cushion carom and txckt stroke^ gathering 
 the balls in a corner. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Play on ball 1, cushion at a, carom on ball 2. Cue- 
 ball | right, i above, object-ball i right ; stroke, i in excess 
 of "medium." Object-ball cushions at b, c, gathering at d. 
 
 Diagram 2.— Cue-ball f right, \ below, object-ball J right ; stroke, 
 4- in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at h, effecting 
 carom on ball 3. Object-ball cushions at e, f, gathering at g. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball i above, J right, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
 "medium." A direct carom, gathering all the balls in the 
 corner. 
 
8-4 MODERN BILLIARDS, 
 
 PLATE XX. 
 TWO-CUSHION ROUND-THE-TABLE STROKE. 
 
 In effecting* this carom and gathering the balls, cue-ball £ left, 
 i above, object-ball £ left; stroke, ''ordinary." Cue-ball 
 cushions at rt, b y effecting a carom on ball 2. Object-ball 
 cushions at c, d, e, resting at/, near ball 2. 
 
 There are many strokes resembling this one, where the balls are 
 in a somewhat similar position, and where the same cushions are 
 used, from either side the table. The cue-ball may be in a more 
 direct line in its bearing to the object-ball, or it may lie more 
 away to the left. If the former is the case less twist is required, 
 not exceeding -J- ; but if the latter, then it is increased, so as to 
 perform the angle required. 
 
 In this stroke the value of thoroughly understanding the differ- 
 ent shades of "twist" is appreciated, and if comprehended fully 
 there will be no difficulty in executing these strokes from a mere 
 glance at the position of the balls. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. g? 
 
 PLATE XXI. 
 VARIOUS CAROMS FROM ONE POSITION, 
 
 Illustrating one and two cushion caroms, effected with the cue-ball in 
 one position, by delivering the cue at different parts of the cue- 
 ball. 
 
 To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball J- left, \ above, object-ball \ right ; 
 
 stroke, ' ' medium. ' ' 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball J left, -J- above, object-ball f right ; 
 
 stroke, £ in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball f left, \ above, object-ball \ right ; 
 
 stroke, " ordinary ; " effecting carom by reverse " English," the 
 
 cue-ball taking but one cushion and straight line back to ball 4. 
 To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball £ right, \ above, object-ball \ right ; 
 
 stroke, "medium." 
 To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball J right, \ above, object-ball f right • 
 
 stroke, \ in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball f right, 1 above, object-ball -J- right ; 
 
 stroke, -J- in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on bcdl 8. — Cue-ball J right, i below, object-ball f right ; 
 
 stroke, ' ' ordinary. ' ' 
 To carom on ball 9. — Cue-ball f right, -J below, object-ball £ right ; 
 
 stroke , ' ' ordinary, ' ' 
 
88 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XXII. 
 THE FOLLOW CUSHION — " ENGLISH n OR 
 
 Illustrating c iroms th it are a *compLished through the application of 
 excessive "English" <uid "follow" stroke; the execution being 
 effective, and from comparative mfe position. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball § left, J above, object-ball j right ; stroke, 
 " medium," caroming on ball 2. The object-ball passes be- 
 hind ball 2, taking the direction of dotted line b to c. The 
 cue-ball accomplishes the angle from a to ball 2, through the 
 excessive twist applied. The natural angle for the cue-ball, 
 after meeting cushion at <u is in the direction of ch which it 
 would take were the twist not imparted. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f right. I above, object-ball f| left ; stroke, 
 -J- in excess of "medium." Cue-bail cushions at a, effecting 
 a carorn on ball "2. The object-ball takes direction of arrow. 
 The player is cautioned to take the cushion at or below a, 
 otherwise the carom will not be effected. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 91 
 
 PLATE XXIII. 
 CAROM BY CUSHION tl ENGLISH " OR " TWIST.' ' 
 
 Illustrating one-cushion caroms with tlw application of strong and 
 excessive twist to the cue-ball. 
 
 Diagram 1.— Cue-ball $ right, J- below, object-ball | left ; stroke, 
 " slow." Cue-ball cushions at a, twist carrying" it to ball 2. 
 The object-ball taking direction of dotted line resting at spot 
 b. The natural angle from ball 1 to a is represented by dot- 
 ted line a to c, but the i " English " imparted to cue-ball ac- 
 complishes the angle to ball 2 in excess of the natural. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, -J- below, object-ball i right , stroke, 
 " medium," effecting carom on ball 2. The object-ball fol- 
 lows d, e, at which latter it stops. The dotted line a to b is 
 the natural angle, and the line to c is the real excessive angle 
 produced by f twist given cue-ball. 
 
92 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XXIV. 
 CAROMS BY ONE-CUSHION ENGLISH. 
 
 Illustrating the natural a fid false angle carom, 
 
 Cue-ball f left, J below, object-ball \ right; stroke u medium. 1 ' 
 The object-ball traverses c to e, where it rests. The cu^- 
 ball, twist excessive, cushions at a and thence along" b to ball 
 2, where it effects carom. The natural angle is a to d. 
 
 The stroke is very effective and gathers the balls well. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 95 
 
 PLATE XXV. 
 ONE-CUSHION REVERSE ENGXISH. 
 
 Cue-ball i above, -J- right, object-ball ^ left ; stroke, i in excess 
 of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, and by reverse twist 
 effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at &, c, resting 
 near or at d. 
 
 This stroke is a very effective one and may be played from va- 
 rious positions. It requires much attention to master it, and the 
 value of the twist and strength must be familiar to the player. 
 The skill is in the judgment displayed in estimating quantity of 
 twist necessary to effect carom, as the cue-ball can be made to 
 come away from the cushion at a on an acute angle nearly parallel 
 with the side cushion. 
 
96 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XXVI. 
 SERIAL ONE-CUSHION STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating serial one-cushion caroms, with the application of either 
 
 " twists." 
 
 To carom on ball 1. — Cue-ball f left, f below, object-ball | left ; 
 
 stroke, u ordinary.' 7 Object-ball cushions at e y f f g } resting 
 
 at h. Cue-ball cushions at a, caroms on ball 1. 
 To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball | left, -J- below, object-ball -£• left ; 
 
 stroke , ' ' ordinary. ' ' 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball -J left, i below, object-ball i left ; 
 
 stroke, % in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball -J- left, i above, object-ball £ left ; 
 
 stroke, i in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball J- right, object-ball J left ; stroke, 
 
 i in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball J right, object-ball -J left ; stroke, i 
 
 in excess of "medium." 
 To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball f right, f below, object-ball \ left ; 
 
 stroke, -J in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on ball 8. — Cue-ball J right, object-ball | left ; stroke, | 
 
 in excess of " medium." 
 To carom on ball 9. — Cue-ball f right, i above, object-ball " full;" 
 
 stroke, "ordinary." 
 
 The practice of these single-cushion carom strokes is of vast 
 importance, as the positions constantly present themselves during 
 play. When the pupil becomes familiar with the "breaks," the 
 carom is of easy accomplishment. 
 
MODEKN BILLIARDS. 99 
 
 PLATE XXVII. 
 SERIAL ONE-CUSHION STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating how a carom may be effected from various more or less 
 
 diffic ult position ■ s. 
 
 From ball 1. — Cue-ball f right, object-ball | left ; stroke, ■£ in ex- 
 cess of "medium." 
 
 From ball 2. — Cue-ball -J right, object-ball \ left; stroke, "me- 
 dium." 
 
 From ball 3. — Cue ball % right, object-ball i right ; stroke, "me- 
 dium." 
 
 From ball 4. — Cue-ball £ left, % above, object-ball i left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at c,/, d, e, effecting carom 
 on ball 5. The object-ball 4 doubles the length of the table, 
 resting at h. Ball 5 is placed the width of a ball from either 
 cushion, l^all 4 is placed in this diagram just off the cush- 
 ion that the pupil may avoid a kiss on account of It touching 
 the cushion. The carom may be made with ball 4 touching 
 the cushion. 
 
100 MODERN BILLIARDS, 
 
 PLATE XXVIII. 
 SLOWING CUE-BALL, DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL. 
 
 Illustrating a very important stroke for position play. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i right, -£■ above, object-ball full centre; 
 stroke, "ordinary." Object-ball cushions at a, 6, er, resting 
 at d. Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. The 
 delivery -§• above gives a slow-f ollow motive power to cue-ball, 
 while the J English, delivered on right of cue-ball, causes the 
 latter to perform the obtuse angle from the cushion at a to 
 the carom-ball. The object ball is placed in line, so that it 
 will clear the carom-ball and perform the angles shown by 
 dotted lines. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball £ right, object-ball | right ; stroke, i in ex- 
 cess of " medium," effecting carom on ball 2. Cue-ball cush- 
 ions at a, 5, c. Object-ball takes direction of the arrow e, the 
 carom-ball being hit near full, takes direction of the arrow d. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS,, 103 
 
 PLATE XXIX. 
 SLOWING CUE-BALL, DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL, 
 
 Illustrating another fundamental stroke, that of doubling the object 
 ball with a "slowed" cue-ball. 
 
 Diagram 1. — To double the object-ball twice across the table by 
 playing as full upon it as is possible. Cue-ball | below, £ 
 right, object-ball |f left, effecting carom on ball 2. Object- 
 ball cushions at a, b, c, d y and joins ball 2 in corner. Cue- 
 ball is slowed so it barely effects carom. Stroke, " very 
 hard." 
 
 Diagram 2. — Gathering stroke, to double object-ball and effect 
 carom. Cue-ball i below, - X L S left, object-ball |f right ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Object-ball cushions at a, b, gathering at c. 
 The cue-ball travels very slowly to the carom-ball, speed 
 merely sufficient to effect carom. 
 
 These strokes appear in all parts of the table, and the player 
 should search for those he has practised, selecting always that 
 which will give the best result in position. He who displays the 
 best judgment in thus calculating will make the most successful 
 player. 
 
104 MODERN BILLIAKDSc 
 
 PLATE XXX. 
 SLOWING CUE-BALL DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL. 
 
 Illustrating a stroke that is of difficult accomplishment but very 
 
 effective. 
 
 Cue-ball J below, object-ball || left; stroke, "hard." Object- 
 ball cushions at a, b, c, d, and rests beyond d. The object- 
 ball is struck nearly "dead" full to cross the table, as the 
 lines indicate ; the cue-ball is " slowed " through the J below 
 delivery, effecting carom on ball 2. This stroke requires 
 much practice, as the compound doubling of the cue-ball is of 
 difficult execution when combined with the "slowed" cue- 
 balL 
 
 Care should be used in the placing of the cue-ball for the execu 
 tion of the stroke. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 107 
 
 PLATE XXXI. 
 COMPOUND ANGLES. 
 
 A series of caroms icith the object and cue-ball in same position, illus- 
 trating the player's control over the cue-ball. 
 
 To carom on ball 1. — Cue-ball I above, i right, object-ball f left ; 
 stroke, " medium." The cue-ball is struck J- above, in order 
 to keep it from describing too great a curved line that it would 
 do if hit i above, which latter delivery requires greater pre- 
 cision. If hit below i above, the ball will come away more 
 toward the open table. The cue-ball is also hit i right, that 
 it may be kept away from the cushion in its course toward the 
 carom-ball ; if struck on left side it would take cushion upon 
 nearly every occasion. Put the twist on the side opposite the 
 direction the cue-ball will take when it lies at this angle. 
 
 To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball i below, i right, object-ball -J- left 
 stroke, "ordinary." 
 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball £ below, -J- left, object-ball r 6 - right 
 stroke, " ordinary." 
 
 lb carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball J right, \ below, object-ball \ right 
 stroke, " ordinary." 
 
 To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball -J below, -J left, object-ball \ left 
 stroke, " ordinary." 
 
 To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball \ above, \ left, object-ball f right 
 stroke, " medium." 
 
 To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball f right, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." 
 
 Again on ball 3. — Cue-ball $ left, object-ball f left , stroke. 
 
 "hard." 
 
108 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XXXII. 
 COMPOUND ANGLES. 
 
 In the stroke illustrated, a f full delivery of the cue-ball on ob- 
 ject-ball 1 is absolutely necessary, with the cue-ball struck exactly 
 -f left centre. 
 Cue-ball | left, object-ball f left ; stroke, " ordinary." 
 
 If the cue is delivered below the centre of the cue-ball, with the 
 object-ball 1 touching the cushion, the cue-ball will rebound at an 
 acute angle that generally fails to effect the carom. The objective 
 point is the cushion at 5, which insures the stroke, and if the an- 
 gle be always calculated from a point on the second cushion with 
 the cue-ball so delivered as to reach that spot, the remainder of the 
 stroke is assured and will take care of itself. That is to say, draw 
 the angle required from the object-ball to the first cushion, then 
 from that point to the second cushion. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. Ill 
 
 PLATE XXXIII. 
 COMPOUND ANGLES. 
 
 Illustrating a peculiar two-cushion stroke with the application of twist 
 
 and draw. 
 
 Cue-ball J left, f below, object-ball | right ; stroke, " medium." 
 
 The purpose in striking 1 cue-ball f below is to reach cushion at 
 a by making no more than -J- on object-ball, driving it to c. The i 
 left is given the cue-ball that it may perform the angle a to b, 
 which accomplishes the carom. Greater twist would perform a 
 more obtuse angle to side cushion, striking at e. 
 
112 MODERN BILLIARDS, 
 
 PLATE XXXIV. 
 COMPOUND ANGLES. 
 
 Illustrating a difficult two-cushion carom icith application of extreme 
 
 draw and twist 
 
 Cue-ball | below, f right, object-ball { right ; stroke, " ordinary/ ' 
 
 The twist is the principal force exerted in this stroke, though 
 aided by the very full play upon the object-ball. A full ball on 
 the object-ball is required for two reasons, to throw it into position 
 at g, and also to reach the point a with cue-ball, without the ex- 
 cessive draw being applied, the twist performing the larger por- 
 tion of the work. 
 
 The cue-ball cushions at cu Q, effecting carom on ball 2, the lat- 
 ter resting at or near h. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e,f, resting 
 vkg. 
 
 The wrist and forearm are required for this stroke. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 115 
 
 PLATE XXXV. 
 SLOWED AND TWISTED CUE-BALLS. 
 
 Illustrating compound angles of cue and object balls. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball |f left; stroke, "ordi- 
 nary.' 7 Cue-ball^ being slowed, effects carom on ball 2 ; the 
 object-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, resting at e. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f right, object-ball \ left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
 cess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom 
 on ball 2, Object-ball cushions at c, resting at d. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. H7 
 
 PLATE XXXVI. 
 THE " TWICE- AROUND-THE-TABLE " STROKE. 
 
 Illustrating a fine cushion stroke with the balls in a straight line, re* 
 suiting in tlie so-called " timce-around-the-table^ carom. 
 
 This stroke is played on account of the balls occupying a posi- 
 tion directly before each other, insuring a "kiss" should the 
 11 follow " be attempted. 
 
 Cue-ball \ below, \ left, object-ball -pg right; stroke, "hard." 
 The \ below prevents cue-ball jumping at instant of delivery. 
 Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, r£, e, effecting carom on ball 2. Ob- 
 ject-ball crosses the table twice, cushions at /, a, resting at g. 
 
 Bear in mind the twist on the cue-ball aids the player in im- 
 parting force after contact with the first cushion ; so whilst great 
 speed of cue-hand is necessary, it need not be conveyed by excess 
 of muscle or violent action of the body. The object-ball must be 
 struck very fine, about -fo t so the resistance may be slight and not 
 interfere with the free run of the cue-ball. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. H9 
 
 PLATE XXXVII. 
 FURTHER ILLUSTRATION OF THE " TWICE-AROUND " STROKE. 
 
 Balls in a line, that if a "follow " stroke were played a " kiss " 
 between object and carom ball wo aid result ; therefore the play as 
 directed : 
 Cue-ball f right, -J- below, object-ball -J left; stroke, "hard." 
 
 Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, d y e, effecting carom on ball 2. 
 
 Object-ball doubles the table, resting at g. 
 
 The object-ball must be struck but -| in order to carry the cue- 
 ball to cushion at a and to give proper direction to the former 
 ball. 
 
 The quick movement of the cue insures speed to the cue-ball. 
 
 In order to reach the point a with the cue-ball, which also 
 gives direction to ball 1, it is absolutely necessary to strike very 
 fine on the latter. 
 
120 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XXXVIII. 
 
 Illustrating tioo extreme strokes, draw and twist. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f left, \ below, object-ball, "very fine," - 3 L 2 - 
 lef t ; stroke, \ in excess of "medium" Cue-ball cushions 
 sharp at a, 6, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball moving 
 slowly, having been cut exceedingly fine, up table to c. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, f below, object-ball -,^ right ; stroke, 
 " ordinary." The point of aim on object-ball, -, L j right, is to 
 prevent cue-ball striking cushion after leaving object-ball. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 123 
 
 PLATE XXXIX. 
 " KISS " AND THREE-CUSHION CAROM. 
 
 Illustrating a simple " kiss " and a carom through angles difficult to 
 
 accomplish. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i above, £ right, object-ball -j-f left ; stroke, 
 " slow." The balls here are in a direct line. After delivery 
 object-ball u kisses " carom-ball, throwing it to point a, where 
 the cue-ball has been carried by J right, and carom is ef- 
 fected. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, i below, object-ball, "fine cut," -fa 
 right. Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, and receiving the exces- 
 sive twist describes angles shown, effecting carom on ball 2. 
 Object-ball rolls up table to d. 
 
 The carom is difficult ; the cue-ball requires excessive English ; 
 ball 1 must be cut exceedingly fine. 
 
124 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XL. 
 SLOWED CUE-BALL. 
 
 Illustrating a driving stroke with tJie cue-ball " slowed-" 
 
 Cue-ball -J- below, object-ball |£ left; stroke, "ordinary." Cue 
 ball effects carom and rolls to/, carom ball rests at e, and 
 object-ball cushions at a, &, c, stopping- at d. The ^ below 
 delivery "slows" the cue-ball, imparting strength merely 
 sufficient to drive carom-ball to e for position. 
 
 This is one of the most important strokes known in the game, 
 and should be mastered perfectly by the pupil. 
 

MODERN BILLIARDS. 127 
 
 PLATE XLI. 
 SLOWED CUE-BALL. 
 
 Illustrating similar caroms from different positions. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i below, object-ball if left ; stroke, •§■ in 
 excess of " medium." Cue-ball caroms slowly on ball 2. Ob' 
 ject-ball cushions at a, resting at c. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball i below, object-ball If left '» stroke, -J in 
 excess of " medium." Cue-ball caroms slowly on ball 2. 
 Object-ball cushions at &, resting at c. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball yf left; stroke, "ordi- 
 nary." Cue-ball caroms by slowed ball. Object-ball cushions 
 at d y e, f y hy resting at g. 
 
128 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XLII. 
 ACUTE DRAW STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating quartering " draw " strokes for position, driving object- 
 ball around table. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, J right, object-ball -J right ; stroke, 
 "ordinary. 1 ' Cue-ball caroms on ball 2. Object-ball cush- 
 ions at a, b, c, and rests in corner near ball 2. Allowance 
 must be made for curve of the cue-ball when it leaves the ob- 
 ject-ball, and it must be considered in calculating the imag- 
 inary line of progress over the cloth of the cue-ball. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, J left, object-ball -J left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Cue-ball describes acute curve on leaving ob- 
 ject-ball, and caroms on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, 5, c, 
 gathering in corner near ball 2. Draw for the carom-ball as 
 though there was no cushion near by, for it is better to learn 
 to do entirely without this cushion assistance. 
 
130 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XLIII. 
 EFFECTIVE ONE-CUSHION "DRAWS." 
 
 In illustration of very important one-cushion draw and twist strokes, 
 for position, also masse by playing well on outside of object for 
 direct draw. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball -J- below, i right, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
 
 -J in excess of " medium. " 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball J- below, I right, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
 
 ^ in excess of " medium." 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball -J below, | right, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
 
 -J in excess of " medium." 
 Diagram 4. — Cue-ball f below, fright, object-ball £ right ; stroke, 
 
 £ in excess of " medium." 
 
 Cue-ball cushions in each instance at points a. Object-ball in 
 diagram 1 cushions at 6, /, in diagram 2 at e, /, in diagram 3 at tf , 
 #, in diagram 4 at e, 7i y all stopping at i t and cue-ball effects carom 
 on ball 2. 
 
 Diagram 5. — A masse. Cue-ball \ left, \ aft, perpendicular ; ob- 
 ject-ball £ right; stroke, "medium." The cue-ball curves, 
 letting ball 1 through for position, and caroms on ball 2. This 
 is a direct curve masse, the cue-ball in centre of other balls, 
 the three being in a line about one inch from rail. Spot on 
 cue-ball indicates where it is to be struck by cue, looking down 
 upon it. 
 
 The line of aim is the dotted line from a to b. 
 
■ i v • \ / 
 
 / iv{ V 
 
 / / v x 
 
 1 ' 
 
 1 I 
 
 1 I 
 I l 
 
 ! 
 
 " / 
 
 \ "a 
 
 !/\> 
 
 J Bia 2 I 
 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 133 
 
 PLATE XLIV. 
 DRAW WITH REVERSE AND NATURAL ENGLISH. 
 
 Illustrating the cushion-draw with " English " or " twist " driving 
 object-ball. Peculiar strokes, one of icliich requires considerable 
 practice, the reverse. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, -| right, object-bail -J right ; stroke, 
 i greater than "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e,f, resting 
 ntg. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, | below, object-ball -j-f right ; stroke, 
 ■J in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, through 
 the strong draw delivery of the cue and having also the ex- 
 cessive reverse twist in it, performs the obtuse angle from a 
 to carom-ball. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d, the 
 balls here gathering. The delivery of the cue on the cue-ball 
 f below and left is one that requires much practice to per- 
 fect, 
 
134 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XLV. 
 DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL. 
 
 In illustration of important principles for position play, where 
 otJier easier methods present themselves for effecting caroms. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball ■} left, -$■ below, taking cushion first at a, 
 then the object-ball, £ right, considered from point a on 
 cushion ; stroke, -J- in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions 
 again at b y effecting carom on ball 2 which rolls to d. Object- 
 ball crosses table, cushions at e y stopping at c. This stroke 
 is played with the forearm and wrist. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, i left, object-ball J left ; stroke, -J 
 in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at «, effecting 
 carom on ball 2 which stops at c. Object-ball cushions at b, 
 e, and rests at d. The quick wrist movement only is en? 
 ployed in this stroke. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 137 
 
 PLATE XLVI. 
 SERIAL CAROMS, ALSO TWIST AXD " KISS " CUSHION FOLLOW. 
 
 Illustration of a series of caroms effected with cue and object ball in 
 one given position, cdso a 'peculiar "kiss" carom with balls in a 
 
 line.. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f left, J above, object-ball }§ right ; driv- 
 ing it to cushion at a, 6, a little beyond which it contacts 
 with carom-ball forcing it to point d y where the cue-ball 
 meets it and effects carom. Stroke, i in excess of " slow. 1 ' 
 Cue-ball cushions at c with an excessive spinning twist. 
 
 Diagram 2. — To carom on balls 1 and 2 : cue-ball f right, | be- 
 low, object-ball J left; stroke, J of "slow." Cue-ball cush- 
 ions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at 
 b, c, resting at d. 
 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball | right, % below, object ball $ left ; 
 stroke, ^ less than "slow." Cue-ball cushions at a> and ob- 
 ject-ball cushions at 6, c, stopping at d. 
 
 To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball \ left, J below, object-ball \ left ; 
 stroke, \ in excess of " ordinary." 
 
 To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball J left, £ below, object-ball \ left . 
 stroke, " slow." 
 
 To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball \ below, f left, object-ball \ left ; 
 stroke, " ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, e, b, g. 
 
 Again on ball 6. — Cue-ball £ above, -J right, object-ball £ right ; 
 stroke, "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at £, effecting carom 
 by one cushion on ball 6. 
 
138 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE XL VII. 
 THREE-CUSHION AND CUSHION "KISS" STROKE. 
 
 Illustrating a three-cushion driving stroke, together -with a long 
 " fcws" carom, both effectively gathering the balls. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball -J- below, f left, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
 £ in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, ef- 
 fecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, e, resting 
 finally at /, near ball 2. This is a stroke that occurs often 
 in the course of a game, the position being changed to the 
 other side of the table, possibly. Most players are content 
 with making the carom simply, and, with that only in view, 
 merely "cut fine" the object-ball, whilst, if they would play 
 full upon it with twist the stroke would be as surely effected, 
 and a fine set-up is left. The secret of the stroke is to throw 
 the object-ball at the point d on side cushion at corner, or a-s 
 near that as possible ; excessive twist being given the cue- 
 ball, the carom is assured. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball \ above, \ left, object-ball i left ; stroke, 
 "medium." Cue-ball "kisses" directly on carom-ball, and 
 object-ball, springing from the cushion, rolls to a. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 141 
 
 PLATE XL VIII. 
 KISS CAROMS. 
 
 Illustrating peculiar " kiss " caroms with balls comparatively safe. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball | right, object-ball full centre ; stroke, 
 "slow." The excessive twist upon cue-ball causes the latter 
 to curve to the left whilst hitting the object-ball at the line 
 of a full ball. The twist of the cue-ball gives a slight oppo- 
 site twist to the object-ball, which in its turn communicates 
 the motion in a less degree to the carom-ball, causing the lat- 
 ter to deflect from its natural course on leaving the cushion 
 at a, meeting cue-ball at &, the object-ball being carried to 
 one side by the excessive twist of cue-ball and the "kiss" 
 from carom-ball. A carom may be effected on left of balls 
 by changing the twist force to left side of cue-ball. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball -J- below, f right, object-ball -f right ; stroke, 
 "medium." The carom can be made on either side of the 
 balls by changing slightly the direction. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball \ above, object-ball J \ left ; stroke, -J in ex- 
 cess of " slow." Object-ball strikes the carom-ball a hair oil 
 its centre, taking direction a ; the cue-ball follows, effecting 
 carom. 
 
 Diagram 4. — Cue-ball \ above, object-ball \\ right ; stroke \ in 
 excess of " slow." Carom by double kiss at a. 
 
MODERN BILLIKRDS. J43 
 
 PLATE XLIX. 
 PECULIAR DRIVING STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating difficult methods in effecting caroms, resulting in position, 
 Jrom doubling object-ball. 
 
 Diagram -1. — Cue-ball $ above, £ left, object-ball }f right ; stroke, 
 u ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at g, d, e, effecting- carom on 
 ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, resting at f. This is a 
 follow-cushion stroke, the cue-ball hugging cushion. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball | right, -J- above, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Cue-ball describes curved line, effecting carom 
 on ball 2. Object-ball doubles the table, cushions at a, b, c, 
 resting at d. 
 
 Point the cue and object balls to cover the angles of dotted 
 lines. Deliver a quick wrist stroke, using care against foul. 
 
144 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE L. 
 KlbS CAKOMS. 
 
 Illustrating km caroms where there is an easy angle <>f division, and 
 another of a, ^kiss" to cushion, with reverse English, effecting 
 neat carom. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball -£■ left; stroke, " ordi- 
 nary." Cue-ball kisses direct onto ball 2. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball J below, § left, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
 i in excess of " medium." Cue-ball takes cushion at a, and 
 thence to b, where carom-ball meets it, having been forced 
 directly down the cushion by kiss from object-ball. The 
 balls are in such position here that a fine stroke is impossible, 
 and where a masse is exceedingly difficult. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 147 
 
 PLATE LI. 
 
 " HUG " CUSHION STROKES. 
 
 In illustration of several neat caroms through the "kiss" and follow 
 "hug" cushion strokes, from comparatively safe positions. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f left, ^ above, object-ball full; stroke, 
 "slow." Carom-ball, kissed by object-ball, cushions at b, re- 
 turns to a, where cue-ball meets it and effects carom. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball -J above, ^ left, object-ball J left ; stroke, 
 . " ordinary." Cue-ball cushions <?, d, e, effecting carom on ball 
 2. Object-ball doubles table, takes cushion at a, resting at b. 
 This is termed a " following cushion hug stroke." 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f left, i above, object-ball |f right ; stroke, 
 J in excess of " slow." The cue-ball taking a curved line on 
 object-ball, forcing it out from the cushion that it may strike 
 the carom-ball on right of centre, thus making room for cue- 
 ball, the object-ball going to right. Carom-ball cushions at b, 
 meeting cue-ball on rebound at a, where carom is effected, 
 
 Diagram 4. — Cue-ball | above, i right, object-ball J left. Kissing 
 carom-ball to cushion at b y the cue-ball following and meeting 
 carom-ball at a, where carom is effected. 
 
 Diagram 5. — Cue-ball £ above object-baU^ left; stroke, J in excess 
 of " medium." Object-ball kisses carom-ball to cushion at a, 
 upon its rebound it meets cue-ball at b. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 149 
 
 PLATE LII. 
 KISS AND MASSE CAROMS. 
 
 Illustrating some very difficult li kiss " caroms, with balls in com- 
 parative safe position. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball | right, i below, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
 -J in excess of " ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at 0, b, and c, 
 effecting a carom on ball 2. Object-ball is kissed out, resting 
 at d. The object-ball, in this stroke, is touching the cushion ; 
 the cue-ball is about J-ball below, a right line from the for- 
 mer. The carom is effected by a "kiss " from object-ball to 
 opposite cushion at a, b, and, with an excessive twist, the 
 cue-ball performs angles shown. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, \ above, object-ball §£ right ; stroke, 
 " medium." Cue-ball curves, forcing object-ball from the 
 cushion, permitting the ball to pass through and meet carom- 
 ball at a after the latter has rebounded from cushion at b. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Masse. Cue-ball struck at spot f left, £ forward. 
 Carom-ball is kissed by object-ball into corner at b, where 
 cue-ball meets it. Strength, " slow." 
 
 Diagram. 4. — Cue-ball f left, f above, object-ball "full " ; stroke, 
 \ in excess of "medium." Cue-ball meets carom-ball at a 
 through kiss. 
 
150 MODERN BILLIARDS, 
 
 PLATE LIII. 
 DOUBLING CUE AXD OBJECT BALLS. 
 
 Illustrating compound angles for gathering the balls well. 
 
 Ciie-ball i below, i left, object-ball f left ; stroke, | in excess of 
 11 ordinary." Cue-ball doubles the width of the table, cush- 
 ions at a, b. effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions 
 at c, d, e, resting at/. 
 
 If the cue-ball is struck above centre it will describe a curved 
 line from a to 6, thereby missing the carom, by taking the end 
 cushion and passing ball 2. The accuracy of this stroke is in de- 
 livering the cue below the centre of the ball which causes the cue 
 ball to take a direct line from each cushion. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 153 
 
 PLATE LIV. 
 QUARTER AND DIRECT DRAWS. 
 
 Illustrating very important methods for gathering of balls ; also a 
 vei^y neat follow u kiss." 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ below, object-ball -J left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
 cess of " medium. " Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Ob- 
 ject-ball cushions at a, &, resting at e. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball -J left ; stroke, i in ex- 
 cess of " medium." Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Object- 
 ball cushions at d, b, resting at c. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball || left; stroke, \ in 
 excess of " medium." Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Ob- 
 ject-ball cushions at e, f, and rests at c. 
 
 The above are all wrist-strokes, and should be played with a 
 careful delivery. 
 
 Diagram 4. — Cue-ball -J above, object-ball |^ left, the latter strik- 
 ing carom-ball §£ right ; stroke, -J in excess of " slow." 
 
 The object-ball kisses off carom-ball, taking direction of dotted 
 line, resting at or near a ; the cue-ball effects the carom. Here 
 the carom-ball lies in corner touching two cushions. The three 
 balls are in a direct line. 
 
154 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LV. 
 i( FINE-CUT" AND HUG-CUSHION STROKES, 
 
 Illustrating difficult caroms from difficult positions, hugging the 
 cushions by cutting ball fine. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball I left, J above, object-ball i left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at d y a, b, e, effecting carom 
 on ball 2. Object-ball takes direction of dotted line. 
 
 Diagram 2.— Cue-ball i above, -J right, object-ball J left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at d, a, b, c, or possibly the 
 player may not be able to hug the cushion beyond one or two 
 of points indicated by the letters. Object-ball takes direction 
 of dotted lines. The angles in this diagram are more obtuse 
 than those in Diagram 1, and the object-ball lies away from 
 the end-cushion. 
 
156 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LVI. 
 A DIFFICULT GATHERING STROKE. 
 
 In illustration of a very effective two-cushion across- table stroke, 
 leaving good position. 
 
 Cue-ball f below, J left, object-ball -£ left; stroke, "ordinary." 
 Cue-ball cushions at a, 5, effecting carom on ball 2. Object- 
 ball cushions at e, c, resting at d. 
 
 A carom may also be effected from object-ball 1 by direct kiss 
 to ball 2. In this stroke : cue-ball •§ left, -J above, object-ball | 
 left ; stroke, i in excess of " medium." 
 
158 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LVIL 
 EFFECTIVE ONE AND TWO CUSHION STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating excellent position play , and gathering bwlls by peculiar 
 
 method. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ left, -J below, object-ball £ left; stroke, 
 "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on 
 ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, crosses table, and rests at e. 
 The carom-ball rests at d. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball -J below, f left, object-ball •§■ left ; stroke, \ 
 in excess of u medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at 5, resting at c. 
 
 This stroke is very effective in gathering the balls, and may be 
 readily played, with care. Similar strokes are played with the 
 first object-ball lying well out toward the centre of the table, with 
 the cue- ball occupying a similar position in its bearings toward 
 the object-ball. The cue-ball leaves the cushion at a sharp and in 
 direct line to the carom-balL 
 
160 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LVIII. 
 ACUTE DRAWS ALONG CUSHION. 
 
 In illustration of very effective gathering strokes, drawing with 
 twist along a cushion. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, i right, object-ball §£ right ; 
 stroke, £ in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, ef- 
 fecting carom on ball 2, the latter resting at/; cue-ball rests 
 at e. Object-ball cushions at /, 5, c, resting at d. The se- 
 cret in this stroke is in getting off the object- ball sharp and 
 clear to cushion at a. The cue-ball should travel slowly to 
 carom-ball from being struck so nearly full on object-ball. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball \ below, \ right, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
 i in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions slowly at «, ef- 
 fecting carom on ball 2, which rests at/, and the cue-ball at 
 g. Object-ball cushions at &, c, d> resting at e. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 163 
 
 PLATE LIX. 
 
 "kiss" carom, also one and three cushion draws. 
 
 Illustrating excellent strokes for position play, through the kiss and 
 
 acute draw. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball J below, | left, object-ball i left ; stroke, 4 
 in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, effect- 
 ing carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d y e] resting 
 at/. 
 
 Diagram 2. — A kiss carom. — Cue-ball i above, object-ball §7 right ; 
 stroke, i less than " slow." Carom-ball cushions at b y where 
 it meets cue-ball, and carom is effected. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball I below, £ left, object-ball J left ; stroke, 
 " ordinary," Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 
 2, which rests at b. Object-ball cushions at d, e t /, g, stop- 
 ping at c. 
 
164 MODERN BILLIARDS, 
 
 PLATE LX. 
 BANK STROKES. 
 
 In illustration of "bank" or cushion first effecting caroms which 
 neatly gather the balls. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i right, -J- below, object-ball $ right, calcu- 
 lated from point a ; stroke, \ in excess of " medium." Cue- 
 ball cushions at a, taking object-ball | full, effecting carom 
 on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at 6, c, resting at d. This is 
 a bank stroke, cue-ball played on cushion first before striking 
 any ball. Object-ball is at such a location in corner that the 
 stroke shown is the only practicable one. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f right, -J- below, object-ball J left, calcu- 
 lated from point a ; stroke, \ in excess of "medium." Cue- 
 ball cushions at a, strikes object-ball ■£ full, cushions again at 
 b y and effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, 
 resting at d. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 167 
 
 PLATE LXI. 
 
 " BANK " WITH " TWIST," CUSHION-" MASSE " AND " DRAW " 
 
 CUSHION STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating caroms from difficult si breaks" which produce excel- 
 lent positions. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, I above, cushion first at a ; object- 
 ball | left from a. Cue-ball cushions again at 5, effecting 
 carom on ball 2 ; stroke, " medium." This stroke combines 
 a very heavy twist with follow tendency, and, in order that 
 the two forces may be effective, the object-ball must be struck 
 exactly \ left, as calculated from point a. 
 
 Diagram 2. — A masse. Cue-ball \ left of perpendicular centre, \ 
 forward in direction of object-ball, object-ball -fe right. Line 
 of sight being along dotted line b to a. Cue-ball cushions at 
 a, effecting carom on ball 2 by a treble curved line. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, \ right, object-ball full ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 
 2. Object-ball cushions at 6, c, d } resting at e. 
 
168 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXII. 
 INTRICATE CAROM. 
 
 Illustrating a stroke which appears at first sight to be a a bank, 1 * 
 but, from position of balls, a cushion hit before a ball will fan 
 to effect carom. 
 
 Cue-ball f right, f below, object-ball i left ; stroke, " medium. " 
 As the object-ball lies from the cushion — a space i of a ball, 
 less than the width of a 2| ball — it is impossible for the cue- 
 ball to pass behind it, as it would have to do in order to con- 
 tact with the cushion first ; as it is, the contact with cushion 
 and object-ball is at the same instant. The cue-ball really 
 takes two cushions, but it is so instantaneous as to be imper- 
 ceptible. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 171 
 
 PLATE LXIII. 
 ACUTE AND u SPREAD "-DRAW, 
 
 Illustrating effective gathering strokes from a "widespread" and 
 
 direct draw. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball | left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
 cess of "medium." Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Ob- 
 ject-ball cushions at a, b, resting at c. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball |J right ; stroke, "or- 
 dinary." Cue-ball, by an acute draw, effects carom on ball 
 2. Object-ball cushions at d, g, e, resting at/. 
 
 Positions similar to Diagram 1 frequently occur during play, 
 consequently the pupil should know the gathering angle to cush- 
 ions a, b, for any object-ball which may rest at any part of the 
 table within space between the spot at h and side cushion at ball 1 ; 
 the cue-ball at all times played from behind the object-ball as 
 shown. 
 
172 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXIIIA. 
 SLOW 
 
 Illustrating the " slowed follow ," while " driving " £fo object-ball 
 around table; also an acute draw two-cushion stroke. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, f right, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
 J in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, 5, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at e, tf, £, resting at /. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball -J- left, \ above, object-ball "full ;" stroke, 
 i in excess of "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at tf, effects 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at «, 6, c, rf, resting at £. 
 
 The cue-ball performs a slow twisting "follow," the object-ball 
 running with speed. The "slowed" follow ball is executed 
 through the delivery £ above, which imparts slight rotating power 
 in the ball. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 175 
 
 PLATE LXIV. 
 A FOLLOW WITH EXCESSIVE ENGLISH. 
 
 Illustrating a one-cusJiion "follow twist" doubling the object-ball 
 
 Cue-ball f left, J above, object-ball "full centre ;" stroke, "or- 
 dinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, with excessive f twist, ef- 
 fecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b 9 c, 
 resting at d. 
 
 The player may find trouble in striking the object-ball dead full, 
 where he delivers the cue f left. A little practice will overcome 
 all difficulty. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 177 
 
 PLATE LXV. 
 EFFECTIVE GATHERING STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating caroms accomplished with excessive " draw, reverse, 
 twists, and cushion" driving the object-ball to position. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f left, f below, object-ball full ; stroke, | 
 in excess of " medium. " Cue-ball cushions ate through draw 
 and twist delivery, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball 
 cushions at a, b, finally resting at c. An effective gathering 
 stroke. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball i below, i left, object-ball -J left ; stroke, 
 "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, effects carom on ball 2 
 and rolls to i. Object-ball cushions at 5, c, d y /, resting at g. 
 Carom-ball cushions at 0, crosses table, and stops at h. 
 
 The space between balls 1 and 2 is nearly the distance which 
 separates the diamond sights. 
 
178 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXVL 
 
 Illustrating two methods of effecting the same carom, like principles 
 governing both strokes. 
 
 First. — Cue-ball i below, | left ; cushions at a, d, strikes object- 
 ball at /, i right, calculating from point d; cue-ball then 
 cushions again at g, 7i, », effecting carom on ball 2. Object- 
 ball takes direction of arrow. Stroke, " hard." 
 
 Second. — Cue-ball £ below, -J- left ; cushions at 5, c, hits object- 
 ball at e, $ left, sighting from cushion at c ; cushions then at 
 j, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball is driven around ta- 
 ble, cushions at n, o y p, resting at I. Stroke, " hard." 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 181 
 
 PLATE LXVII. 
 FOUR-CUSHION AND 
 
 Illustrating caroms which gather the balls from difficult positions. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball J- below, i right, object-ball i right, sight- 
 ing from cushion at a. Cue-ball cushions at a, 5, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, resting at e. 
 Stroke, "ordinary." The object-ball (1) lies near and cush- 
 ions so that cue-ball has not room to go around table and 
 gather balls after carom, therefore the bank stroke is em- 
 ployed. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball £ right, i below, object-ball i left ; stroke, 
 £ in excess of "medium." Object-ball is width of a ball 
 from the cushion. Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, d } effecting 
 carom on ball 2. 
 
 Object-ball cushions at e,f, resting at g. Ball 1 must be so 
 placed that the cushion at a can be reached by cue-ball. 
 
1S2 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXVIII. 
 
 REVERSE ENGLISH. 
 
 Illustrating application of reverse twist ichen the object-ball lies in 
 difficult position for gathering. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, i above, object-ball | left ; stroke, 
 i in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at 5, c, resting at d. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, \ below, object-ball J left ; stroke, i 
 in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, 5, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, resting at/. 
 
 Caroms could be effected by cutting object-ball fine on right, 
 but gathering position for next stroke would then be sacrificed. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 185 
 
 PLATE LXIX. 
 
 "kiss" and "fine" cushion caroms. 
 Illustrating caroms from comparatively safe positions. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, \ below, object-ball \ right ; stroke, 
 \ in excess of "slow." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, resting at or 
 near d. 
 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue ball i right, i below, object-ball i 
 right; stroke, "medium." 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball £ left, $ below, object-ball ■$ left ; stroke, i 
 in excess of "medium." Cue-ball kisses from object-ball, 
 takes cushion at a, then, by f twist, runs to ball 2, effecting 
 carom. The object-ball lies in corner touching both cushions. 
 When the point a is reached the stroke is assured, if the f- 
 " twist " has been applied to cue-ball. 
 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball f left, -J below, object-ball 
 " full " ; stroke, -J in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions 
 at b. Similar in principle to preceding stroke. 
 
186 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXX. 
 
 STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating a seeming impossible "fine-cut" stroke, effecting carom 
 at extreme points, itith application of either "twist" ; also ex- 
 cellent one-cushion position strokes. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i below, i left, object-ball £ left ; stroke, $ 
 in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, resting at e. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball i below, \ left, object-ball \ left ; stroke, \ 
 in excess of u medium." Cue-ball cushions at b, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, resting at/. 
 
 Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, f right, object-ball extremely fine, 
 -}-.i left ; stroke, "hard." Cue-ball cushions at a, describes a 
 curve, and effects carom on ball 2 in corner. The strong 
 right twist given cue-ball counteracts opposite twist given by 
 contact with cushion, whilst the draw or retrograde force im- 
 parts a tendency to return in direction from the impelling 
 force, this producing the curved line of progress. 
 
 To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball I left, i below, object-ball -fc 
 left; stroke, " ordinary." 
 
 I To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball i left, i below, object-ball I 
 
 left ; stroke, " ordinary." 
 
188 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXXL 
 REVERSE ENGLISH CAROMS. 
 
 In illustration of caroms through the application of tJw "reverse 
 twist" pe? forming curious angles tliereby and gathering the balls. 
 
 Diagram 1.— Cue-ball f below, f right, object-ball -J. right ; stroke, 
 " ordinary. 1 ' Cue-ball cushions at &, from which it performs 
 curved line in effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions 
 at c, d, a, resting at e. The carom-ball crosses table, cush- 
 ions at g, resting at/. An acute wrist delivery is necessary 
 in order to impart extreme " draw-and-twist " to the cue-ball. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, 1 above, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
 ' l ordinary." Cue-ball takes cushion at «-, 5, effecting carom 
 by reverse twist, on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, r7, rest- 
 ing at e. 
 
 This stroke is played to gather the object-ball at ball 2. If the 
 cue-ball is played around the table, imparting opposite twist, tak- 
 ing cushions a, 6, d, the object-ball will be " lost." 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 191 
 
 PLATE LXXIL 
 ONE-CUSHION AND KISS STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating a carom by " kiss" gathering tlie balls, also carom from 
 same position from one cushion. 
 
 Cue-ball f below, i left, object-ball £ left ; stroke, £ in excess of 
 "medium." Cue-ball "kisses" directly to ball 2. Object- 
 ball is struck £ left, driving it to cushion a, b, resting at c. 
 Carom-ball takes direction d, after carom has been effected, 
 The object-ball must be hit with exactness to get it away 
 from the cushion to the points «, 5, c. 
 
 Again, cue-ball J left, i above, object-ball -J left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
 cess of medium. Cue-ball cushions at e, effecting carom on 
 ball 2. Object-ball takes direction approximating dotted 
 line. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 193 
 
 PLATE LXXIII. 
 CLOSE DRAW. 
 
 Illustrating a fair stroke where the lalls are near a u freeze" effect- 
 ing a " draw " and " English" the cue-batt performing a concave 
 curve on its course to cushion. 
 
 Cue-ball | below, f right, object-ball } left ; stroke, " hard." Cue- 
 ball describes curve, cushions at a, 5, c, effecting carom on 
 ball 2, which rests at h, with cue-ball at i. Object-ball doubles 
 the width of table, cushions at rZ, 6, /, resting at g. 
 
 The carom could be made with a masse, but position would be 
 sacrificed. The close draw is played in order to gather the balls. 
 
 The stroke is an acute wrist and arm delivery, and should be 
 given with confidence. 
 
194 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXXIV. 
 TWIST AND DRAW STROKES. 
 
 Illustrating excessive twist and draw wlien the cue-balls rest on the 
 
 cushion. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, f right, object-ball \% left ; stroke, 
 i in excess of " medium." Object-ball cushions at a, return- 
 ing to b. Cue-ball, by excessive draw and twist, caroms on 
 ball 2. 
 
 The object in imparting excessive twist to cue-ball is to avoid 
 cushion in recoil. The object-ball is struck slightly to the left, 
 and the twist overcoming the outward tendency this would natur- 
 ally give to the cue-ball, brings it back to a straight line. 
 
 * 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f right, | above, object-ball i left ; stroke, 
 "medium." Object-ball cushions at c, resting at d. Cue- 
 ball cushions at e, effects carom on ball 2. 
 
 In practising this stroke, the object-ball must be set about the 
 distance of £ ball from the cushion. 
 
 If the ball be so set that it be hit too full it will throw the cue- 
 ball toward the corner at a ; again, if it be struck too fine the cue- 
 ball will be thrown to the left of ball 2. 
 
196 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PLATE LXXV. 
 THE KISS AXD TWIST STROKE. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball J above, i left, object-ball -J right ; stroke, 
 -J in excess of " medium." Cue-ball by kiss effects carom on 
 ball 2. To reach the carom-ball in this stroke it is absolutely- 
 necessary that the object-ball be struck -J right, more or less 
 will bring the cue-ball short of or beyond the corner at ball 2. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Cue-ball -j- below, f left, object-ball £ right ; stroke, 
 " ordinary." Cue-ball by kiss cushions at a, b, effecting carom 
 on ball 2. 
 
 This latter diagram shows a comparatively difficult position 
 from which to effect a carom. The excessive twist completes the 
 stroke. The proper direction of aim must be first determined — in 
 this diagram it is to point a on end cushion. The player is asked 
 to observe the angle of cue from the cue-ball to the cushion. 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 199 
 
 PLATE LXXVI. 
 CLOSE DRAW AND FOLLOW MASSE. 
 
 Illustrating two of the most difficult of tliese two strokes — draw and 
 
 masse. 
 
 Diagram 1. — Cue-ball -J- below, f right, object-ball |- left ; stroke, 
 i in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
 carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, resting at c. 
 
 This stroke is one-half draw with excessive twist, the latter 
 actually effecting the carom. 
 
 Diagram 2. — Masse follow. — Cue-ball \ forward, \ left, object- 
 ball \% right ; stroke, \ in excess of " medium." Elevation 
 of cue 78f °. 
 
 Cue-ball describes curve, and effects carom on ball 2. As the 
 balls lie in this diagram an ordinary plain masse is impossible, as 
 the player will not be able to reach the cue-ball from either side 
 the table, therefore the follow masse is resorted to. Through 
 force of the masse, the cue-ball curves out as shown, but returns 
 to proper line, governed by the excessive twist and masse. 
 
CONDUCTING TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 Finding the Number of Games. — The first thing to 
 know is the number of games imposed by differing numbers 
 of entries. There are several ways of working this out. The 
 quickest and simplest is a mental one. If the number of 
 entries is even, say 10, multiply the second highest term (9) 
 by one-half the highest — 9x5=45. If odd, as 7, multiply 
 that figure by one-half the next highest — 7x3=21 games. 
 But, if a pencil is handy, a quick enough way is to multiply 
 the highest term, whether odd or even, by the next highest, 
 and then divide the product by 2, which will show 253 games 
 if there are 23 entries — 23x22 506, halved. These are 
 regular games. Xo amount of figuring can forecast ties. 
 
 Tie Games. — When competition is for a championship, 
 any tie for it must be played off. Ties for other prizes may 
 or may not be, as circumstances dictate. 
 
 Tie Games Separate. — Save when they involve a cham- 
 pionship, tie games are no part of the tournament proper, 
 which ordinarily ends when all the contestants have either 
 played or forfeited an equal number of games. Yet, while 
 tie games for else than the championship will not serve to 
 determine other than special wagers, they are, nevertheless, 
 records in themselves, although without being a part of the 
 tournament. 
 
 Forfeitures. — In a tournament, every game begins with 
 
 200 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 201 
 
 the first one, in the sense of binding every player who has not 
 previously been declared out. It has always been an un- 
 written law of billiards that a withdrawer, instead of cancel- 
 ing his games already played, forfeits those he has yet to 
 play. The former procedure penalizes the faultless for 
 another's fault. . It is also open to the objection that, in 
 order to deprive one winner of his record for high average or 
 high run, the loser of the game in which either was made may 
 be induced to withdraw. Injustice is possible even without 
 collusion. Within two years, cancellation has deprived one 
 continuing player of his highest average, and another of the 
 highest average of all. 
 
 For amateur tournaments, a few Western roomkeepers 
 have a rule of their own, which cancels if the withdrawer has 
 not played more than half his games, and forfeits if he has. 
 
 Guarding Against Forfeiture or Other Failure. — 
 Until a scheduled game is started, the players of the next one 
 in order should be on hand. 
 
 The Sanctity of Schedule. — A schedule once made out 
 by due authority should be adhered to, instead of being 
 changed to suit some individual caprice. 
 
 Opening Game.— Never let it be between the supposed 
 best two players. For some special reason, one such may be 
 utilized, but not two without inviting the almost certain 
 penalty of a loss of public interest as the games draw near 
 their close. 
 
 Rush the Losers.— As far as practicable, play losers first 
 in preference to winners. If they are good losers, they will 
 not object. In no other way can the anti-climax be pre- 
 vented of having one or more games to play after the main 
 prize has been won, or of requiring the leader to play when 
 there is nothing for him to win. 
 
202 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Handicapping. — This, so often necessary, calls for a nice 
 knowledge of the contestants. Fixed rules are impossible. 
 That one man has a chance to sit long and think while the 
 other plays, and perhaps not always plays with as much 
 ability as effect, makes billiards pre-eminently the tempera- 
 mental game. There must, therefore, be much guessing in 
 the name of handicapping. Not a few conductors of tourna- 
 ments shirk their office by happily inveigling their players 
 into handicapping themselves. 
 
 One thing is to be cautioned against. As a rule, if the 
 light-weighted, with their imposts, about fairly balance the 
 middleweights, they are apt to prove too heavy for the 
 heavyweights. To illustrate, A can give B 30 in 100, B give 
 C 30, C give D 20, and D give E 20. A in practice can pos- 
 sibly give C the 60 required by theory, but he can little better 
 give D 80 than he can, as theory requires, give E 100 in 100! 
 Again, if there are many entries, those with a light impost 
 possess a decided advantage in having so much more to learn 
 than the others. The oftener they play, the relatively 
 better. 
 
 If A can give B 12 in 100, B give C 15, and C give D 23, then 
 A should give C 25 and D 44, and B give D 35. It is all 
 merely a question of multiplication, division, addition and 
 subtraction, without being simple enough to look easy in 
 print. 
 
 The process multiplies together the odds A gives B and B 
 gives C, as 12x15= 180, which is to be divided by the number 
 of points (100) constituting game. The quotient, which is 
 nearer 2 points than 1, is to be reckoned as 2, and deducted 
 from the 15 B gives C, leaving 13, which, added to the 12 
 given B by A, makes 25 to be given by A to C. By a similar 
 process — multiplying together the 15 given by B to C and 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 203 
 
 the 23 given by C to D (15x23=345), dividing by 100 and 
 subtracting the 3 from the 38 (15 added to 23) — 35 are what 
 B should give D. What A s to give D is ascertained by 
 multiplying together the 15 (less 2) and the 23 (13x23=389), 
 which, divided by 100, shows that 4 are to be deducted 
 from the added 13 and 23, leaving 32, which, added to the 
 12 A gives B, makes 44 to be given by A to D. 
 
 Scoring Tournaments. — Owing to a faulty system of 
 keeping track of games played, not a few conductors of tourna- 
 ments are temporarily at a loss to determine with whom 
 some contestants have yet to play. This formulary covers 
 everything: 
 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Gray. 
 
 Jones, 250 
 
 D. 
 
 205 
 
 6.25-30 
 
 42 
 
 250 
 
 11.19-21 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 Smith, 220 . 
 
 220 
 
 7.10-30 
 
 37 
 
 D. 
 
 220 
 
 9.13-23 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 Brown, 190 
 
 175 
 
 8.15-20 
 
 29 
 
 170 
 
 7.9-23 
 
 31 
 
 D. 
 
 190 
 5.5-37 
 
 
 41 
 
 Gray, 180 
 
 
 
 170 
 
 4.22-37 
 
 23 
 
 D. 
 
 
 
 Games Won 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Games Lost 
 
 X 
 
 
 XX 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Total Points 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total Innings 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Average 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average op Tournament, 
 
204 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Figures next to names stand for handicap, if any. 
 
 Figures standing alone in squares are for total first, average next, and 
 highest run last. 
 
 Winning and losing averages are both given, and in common fractions, 
 with the double purpose of showing which player led (in case of later dis- 
 pute), and of facilitating the making-up of general and tournament aver- 
 ages when play is done. 
 
 When a game is over, add an I to Games Won and an X to Games Lost. 
 
 When tournament is finished add up totals, as well as innings (last 
 figures of those in middle line of squares), and compute single, general and 
 tournament averages decimally. 
 
 To find out who has yet to play, look for blank spaces exclusive of those 
 running obliquely and marked D. (for Jones of horizontal column doubling 
 with Jones of vertical). In the table are four blanks, meaning two games 
 to play — Gray with Jones and Smith. 
 
 To find out how many games have been played, add I's and X's together, 
 and divide by 2. 
 
 When I's and X's differ in their totals, there has been an error in tallying 
 games either won or lost. 
 
 Scoring for the Press. — Care should be taken to begin 
 with the score of him who plays first. His winning then will 
 mean that the innings were unequal, while putting the win- 
 ner's score second will indicate equal innings. Disregard of 
 this rule, prevalent of late years, forces whoever would verify 
 the average to count up the innings in each score. 
 
 HOW TO FIGURE AVERAGES. 
 
 Decimals are Best. — Divide total points by total in- 
 nings. Thus, 300 points in 28 innings show 10.20-28 in crude 
 fractions, 10 and 5-7ths in the lowest evenly reduced ones, 
 and 10.71 (71-100th$) decimally. The first system seldom 
 gives an accurate idea at sight. In the second, the fractions 
 cannot always be reduced evenly, as above. Ordinarily, the 
 third is closest, briefest and clearest. 
 
 Avoid a Jumble. — Some computers mix themselves and 
 others up by using all three methods. Others, as a con- 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 205 
 
 venience, express the single average as 10.20-28, and the 
 general average not as 8.170-175, to be consistent, but as 
 8.97. This is akin to the barbarism of speaking in two lan- 
 guages at once. There are others who, simply because it is so 
 divisible, convert the 8.170-175 into 8.34-35, so that anybody 
 seeking to prove the average by finding the points and 
 innings will have rare figuring as a preliminary. 
 
 Decimalizing. — This is simply adding a cipher to the right- 
 hand end of every remainder after the dividend has no unused 
 figure left. Adding a cipher to the 20 in 10.20-28 yields 7 and 
 4 over when divided by 28, and now adding a cipher to the 4 
 will result altogether in 10.71, with 12 over. 
 
 Pay no attention to this remainder unless, if a general 
 average, 10.71 seems to be a tie with some other general 
 average. Such a tie will rarely happen. Should it, add a 
 cipher to the 12, and dividing the 120 by 28 will result in 
 10.714 (lOOOths now, instead of lOOths), with 8 over. If there' 
 is still a tie, proceed as before, first making 80 of the 8. 
 
 Give and Take. — Had the 10.71 's remainder been 14 or 
 more, instead of 12, which is less than one-half the innings, 
 the average would change to 10.72. The arbitrary rule is to 
 ignore the final remainder when it is less than half the innings, 
 but enlarge it and give it to the player when it is half or more. 
 
 Reconversion. — If for any reason it be necessary to find 
 the number of innings, add ciphers (two will usually be 
 enough in billiards) to the points, and divide by the decimal- 
 ized average. Thus 1071)30000(28 innings, with 12 over. 
 To find the points on which a general average is based, 
 innings (50) and average (16) being known, multiply the one 
 by the other— 16x50=800. 
 
 General Average. — A match of continuous points has 
 but one average, whether it be played in one session or half a 
 
206 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 dozen; but it is different both in a tournament and in a match 
 of several separate games, a majority to win. 
 
 In computing the general average, avoid the easy error of 
 adding all a player's game-averages together, and dividing 
 the product by the number of games. There is only one 
 condition in which this will show the true average, and that 
 is when all the games have innings separately equal in 
 number, howsoever much the points themselves may vary. 
 
 Illustration of false and true : . 
 
 Inn. 
 
 Points. 
 
 Game Average, 
 
 15 
 
 600 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 600 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 600 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 600 
 
 85.71 
 
 82 82)2400(29.29 4)165.71(41.43 
 
 The average found by dividing by the number of games is 
 grossly extravagant. 
 
 Losing Averages. — Properly, the loser's average can 
 never be higher than the winner's. To concede that it can is 
 to premiumize its maker's inefficiency. Setting out to win 
 the opening shot, he had failed, which is the only way, with 
 fewer points, to make the seemingly higher average. It is 
 equally unfair, in a continuous game of several sessions, to 
 concede an average for a fraction of the game. By getting 
 far behind, one player is without limit on any night, while the 
 other is stopped every night by reaching the number of points 
 assigned to every leader. 
 
 Except as personal compliments, losing averages are value- 
 less. Their apparent makers do not wholly make them. 
 Much depends upon the other man. The loser reaches a high 
 figure largely because, having aimed to cover a given number 
 
MODERN BILLIARDS. 207 
 
 of points, he failed to do so. It has often happened that a 
 player with 50 to go has needed as many innings to make them 
 as he had taken to make his other 250. As a rule, losers " let 
 down" near the finish more than winners, and hence their 
 average is dependent less upon themselves than upon those 
 who close the game. 
 
BILLIARD RECORD: 
 
 A Compendium of the Moke Important Public 
 
 Contests, Match and Tournament, at 
 
 Both Caroms and Pool. 
 
 Compiled from the Most Authentic Sources by 
 
 the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. 
 
 FOUR-BALL GAME 
 
 [Up to 1863, all play not otherwise described was at unrestricted caroms, 
 with 2| balls, on a 6x12 ft. six-pocket table; from 1863 to 1869, on a 
 6x12 four-pocket, with the various restrictions mentioned; from 1869 to 
 1873, chiefly on a 5+xll four-pocket, under a new system of counting; and 
 from 1873 to 1876, almost altogether on a 5x10 carom table.] 
 
 Abbreviations.— P., 2000—12.20—129; S., 1904—157, indicates win- 
 ner's total, average, and best run, always in that order, together with loser's 
 total and high run, without his average, which has never been a record; W., 
 games won in tournament; R., highest run; Av., best winning average; G. 
 A., general (or grand) average; p. b., push-shot barred; c. b., crotching 
 barred (carom table); j. b., jaw barred (pocket table). 
 
 1*51. 
 
 First Contest in a Public Hall. May 13th, Malcolm Hall, Syracuse, 
 N. Y. — Caroms with unrestricted hazards (pocketings), stake un- 
 known. Joseph N. White, 500; Geo. Smith, 484. 
 
 This was not technically a public contest, admission having been by 
 invitation only. Mixed caroms and hazards w r ere last played profes- 
 sionally on a six-pocket table by two lads in a hotel billiard-room 
 on Third Avenue, N. Y. City, in 1865, for a stake of $50 a side. The 
 winner is living, but has long been out of billiards. Maurice Daly, 
 then sixteen, was loser. 
 
 1858. 
 
 First Match with an " Average " without Guessing. N. Y. City, 
 April 24th, $250 a side. — Totals, winning average and best runs: 
 John Seereiter, 1000—6.94—53; Bernard Crystal, 830—68. This 
 
 208 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 
 
 209 
 
 was a billiard-room or private match, and it is given here only 
 because it was the first in which score was kept in figures from begin- 
 ning to end. 
 
 1859. 
 
 First Technically Public Contest. Fireman's Hall, Detroit, Mich., 
 April 10th. — $250 a side. Dudley Kavanagh, New York, 1000 — 
 8.47—177; Michael Foley, Detroit, 989—87. This match was the 
 first to which an admission fee was charged. 
 
 Michael Phelan (New York) vs. John Seereiter (Detroit). Same 
 hall, April 11th, $5,000 a side, on table taken from Seereiter's room 
 (used night before by K. and F.), but having a new cloth. P., 2000 — 
 12.20—129; S., 1904^157. 
 
 Admission was five dollars, but this charge was rather to keep the 
 wrong persons out than to profit from letting the right ones in. 
 Phelan was outnursed, but he outbetted the Detroiters, and both 
 outgeneraled and generally outbatted their representative. 
 
 1§60. 
 
 First Professional Tournament. Phelan & Collender's Union 
 Square Billiard Rooms (upper floor), N. Y. City, October 26-3 1st. — 
 Invitation or private tournament on a 6x12 carom table for two 
 souvenir cues, one given by Claudius Berger, of France. In the table 
 below, a " Lost M column is specially inserted because of a shortage 
 of games, that between Lynch and Geary (the latter substituting for 
 Christian Bird, of Philadelphia) being neither played nor forfeited. 
 All games were 500 up but the final and deciding one (Kavanagh, 
 1000—29.41—144; Tieman, 746—156). 
 
 Dudley Kavanagh, N. Y. 
 Philip Tieman, Cincinnati 
 
 James Lynch, N. Y 
 
 Joseph N. White, N. Y. . . 
 Michael Geary, Chicago . . 
 
 1861. 
 
 First Public Match Between Western Players. Wood's Theatre, 
 Cincinnati, November 21st. — Philip Tieman vs. John Deery, both of 
 Cincinnati; $500 a side. T., 1000—12.25—106; D., 683—54. 
 
 w. 
 
 L. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G. Av. 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 29 
 
 41 
 
 20 
 
 .49 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 185 
 
 21 
 
 74 
 
 18 
 
 41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 162 
 
 18 
 
 52 
 
 18 
 
 37 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 94 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 04 
 
 
 
 
210 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1862. 
 
 First Public Home-and-home Match. Cleveland, O., March 6th c 
 — First of two games, each $500 a side. Dudley Kavanagh, N. Y., 
 1500—13.39—118; Michael Foley, then of Cleveland, 1065—102. 
 Return: Irving Hall, N. Y. City, April 3d, F., 1500—9.43—99; K., 
 1466—108. 
 
 Push and Masse Barred. Half-way game, Kremlin Hall, Buffalo, 
 N. Y., November 6th. — Also for $500 a side, but barring both push- 
 shot and masse. K., 1500—10—86; F., 1296—90. 
 
 This was the first public match from which the push-shot was 
 excluded. No other has ever barred the masse. 
 
 M. Foley vs. Deery. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, April 4th. — $250 a 
 side. F., 1000— 11.24— 66; D., 502— 45. Same night, a private match 
 was begun for same amount, but in 100-point games, Deery winning 
 the odd (11 to 10). The two matches lasted from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. 
 
 Wm. Goldthwait vs. Deery. Alston Hall, Boston, June 25th. — 
 $250 a side. G., 1500—9.87—99; D., 127Q— 79. 
 
 First Barring of Crotch in Public. Tucker's Academy, San Fran- 
 cisco, August 2d. — Championship of California and $100, carom table, 
 c. b. — i.e., crotching limited to three successive shots within an imag- 
 inary line. Daniel Lynch, 1000—971—104; Joseph W. Little, 852 
 — run not known. 
 
 1§63. 
 
 Kavanagh vs. Goldthwait. — Irving Hall, N. Y. City., April 23d. — 
 $500 a side. K., 1500—14.42—125; G., 1282—130. 
 
 First Public Tournament, First Formal Professional Champion- 
 ship Anywhere, and First Four-pocket Table. Irving Hall, N. Y. 
 City, June l-9th. — First prize, emblematic cue and a $750 Phelan & 
 Collender billiard-table; second, $250. Instead of the usual 6x12 
 six-pocket, a 6x12 four-pocket was used for first time in public. The 
 highest run was made by "jawing," also for first time in public. 
 Tieing in both high run and high winning average, done by Kavanagh 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 211 
 
 and Tieman, has yet to be paralleled in a public tournament. Aver- 
 age of this one (seven games apiece), 12.19. Points and money- 
 stake in all succeeding matches, 1500 and $500 a side. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 D. Kavanagh, N. Y 6 203 33.33 15.18 
 
 Louis Fox, Rochester 5 141 23.81 14.45 
 
 John Deery, N. Y 4 313 16.13 11.41 
 
 Phil. Tieman, Cincinnati 3 203 33.33 14.48 
 
 John Seereiter, Detroit 3 114 13.16 10.22 
 
 M. Foley, Detroit 3 102 16.67 12.48 
 
 Wm. Goldthwait, N. Y 3 185 17.24 11.46 
 
 Victor Estephe, Philadelphia 1 , 86 8.31 9.19 
 
 KAVANAGH VS. SEEREITER. First match, same hall, 
 October 15th.— K., 1500—16.85—151; S., 715—57. 
 
 KAVANAGH VS. TIEMAN. Same hall, April 7, 1864.— K., 
 1500—12.29—152; T., 1265—93. 
 
 KAVANAGH VS. GOLDTHWAIT. Hippotheatron, N. Y. 
 City, June 9, 1864.— K., 1500—17.44—154; G., 1425— 117. 
 
 KAVANAGH VS. TIEMAN. Same hall, September 15, 1864.— 
 K., 1500—14.56—147; T., 927—139. 
 
 KAVANAGH VS. GOLDTHWAIT. Academy of Music, N. Y. 
 City, January 20, 1865.— K., 1500—15.63—158; G., 1406—113. 
 
 KAVANAGH VS. FOX. May 16, 1865.— K., ill, forfeited. 
 
 FOX VS. DEERY. Washington Hall, Rochester, N. Y., Sep- 
 tember 7, 1865.— D., 1500—16.67—166; F., 1465—276. 
 
 DEERY VS. PIERRE CARME. January 7, 1866.— C. paid 
 forfeit. 
 
 DEERY VS. JOHN McDEVITT. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, 
 March 13, 1866.— D., 1500—10.79—119; McD., 1145—95 
 
 DEERY VS. JOSEPH DION, of Montreal. Same hall, May 23, 
 1866.— Dion, 1500—10.42—92; Deery, 1366—144. 
 
 DION VS. McDEVITT. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, October 5, 
 1866.— D., 1500—25.86—258; McD., 1276—308. 
 
 DION VS. McDEVITT. Same hall, June 10, 1867.— D., 1500— 
 19.73—616; McD., 816—220. Run of 616 was the first case of 
 u jawing" in a match contest for any championship. It led at once 
 to the abolition of "jawing" in this series. 
 
 DION VS. EDMUND H. NELMS, Philadelphia. Same hall, 
 September 15, 1867, "jawing" then and thenceforth barred. N. paid 
 forfeit. 
 
 DION VS. McDEVITT. Same hall, December 11, 1867.— McD., 
 1500—13.16—181; D., 1488—291. 
 
 McDEVITT (residence changed from New York to Chicago) vs. 
 MELVIN FOSTER, N. Y. Library Hall, Chicago, April 8, 1868.— 
 McD., 1268—21.49—293; F., 1262—263. In fifty-ninth inning, F. 
 
212 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 protested against a decision. Confusion followed, and the referee 
 adjudged McD. winner while it was still his turn to play. Declining 
 to submit to arbitration, McDevitt guaranteed the stakeholder 
 against a possible suit-at-law, and was paid the stakes. 
 
 McDEVITT VS. J. DION. Same hall, September 16, 1868.— 
 McD., 1500—166.67—1458; D., 407—261. 
 
 McDEVITT VS. GOLDTHWAIT. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, 
 December 22, 1868. — Fourteenth contest and seventeenth and last 
 match. McD., 1500—25—238; G., 1483—226. 
 
 On Christmas Day, 1868, there being no challenge pending, McDevitt 
 resigned the cue to its donors, Phelan & Collender, as a step toward 
 a new championship, push barred. The old style of game came thus 
 to an end. 
 
 Best Record Average on a Six-pocket Table. Union Hall, In- 
 dianapolis, December 17, 1863.— $250 a side. McDevitt, 1500— 
 17.24—148; Frank Parker, 661—68. 
 
 Excepting one at the three-ball game, this was the last public con- 
 test at caroms on a six-pocket table. 
 
 1864. 
 
 First Public Contest Prohibiting Both Pushing and Jawing. 
 Irving Hall, N. Y. City, April 8th. — Informal match in aid of Work- 
 ingwomen's Protective Union, 6x12 four-pocket. Michael Phelan, 
 1000—8.40—56; Dudley Kavanagh, 965—40. 
 
 First State Championship Tournament — An Unbeaten Amateur. 
 
 Allyn Hall, Hartford, beginning August 16th. — Tournament for 
 championship of Connecticut. Games, 300 points up, save in the final 
 one, which, between Gershom B. Hubbell, of Hartford, and Geo. B. 
 Hunt, of Bridgeport, was 500 points. The winner-in-chief was beaten 
 by none but another amateur — Lieut. J. B. Burbank, then stationed 
 at New London Harbor, and now a field-officer in the Fifth U. S. 
 Artillery. Messrs. Burbank, Hunt and Hewins tied for second and 
 third prizes, purses of $50 and $25, which the first two resigned to 
 the professional, who is still such in Hartford. First prize, the cham- 
 pion cue, to which, when the champion's term was up, was added the 
 billiard-table. Average of tournament (five games apiece, 6x12 four- 
 pocket), 5.90. The matches following the tournament were all 
 played in Allyn Hall. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 213 
 
 W. R. Av. GA. 
 
 G. B. Hubbell 4 53 7.32 6.36 
 
 J. B. Burbank 3 50 6.98 6.34 
 
 M. H. Hewins 3 48 7.50 5.91 
 
 G.B.Hunt 3 46 7.14 6.05 
 
 W.C.Porter 1 55 6. 5.11 
 
 H. S. Keating 1 44 5.76 4.55 
 
 HUBBELL VS. MICHAEL WOLLAHAN. November 15th.— 
 First match. H., 1000—6.62—78; W., 921—47. 
 
 HUBBELL VS. HUNT. February 21, 1865. Hubbell, 1000— 
 7.58—70; Hunt, 649—57. 
 
 HUBBELL VS. RALPH BENJAMIN. August 16, 1865.— H., 
 1000—6.13—58; B., 956—33. 
 
 HUBBELL VS. BENJAMIN. March 27, 1866.— Fourth and last 
 match. Hubbell, who then acquired the emblem on time-limit, ran 
 154 to Benjamin's 42, averaged 10.87, and won by nearly 400 in 1000. 
 
 First Championship of Pennsylvania. — October 4-10, 1864, San- 
 som Street Hall, Philadelphia. — 500 points on a 6x12 carom, p. and c. 
 barred. Prizes, champion cue for first; silver plate, worth $100, for 
 second. Nelms beaten by Estephe and Montgomery only. Average 
 of tournament (seven games apiece), 8.23. Money stake in matches, 
 $100. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Estephe 7 121 13.51 11.29 
 
 Nelms 5 108 13.12 9.55 
 
 Bird 4 64 11.60 8.94 
 
 Montgomery. 4 74 9.26 7.64 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Ryall 3 54 9.80 7.98 
 
 Plunkett 2 92 9.60 7.96 
 
 Palmer . 2 57 10.20 7.70 
 
 Hewes 1 49 7.22* 5.83 
 
 * Losing average. 
 
 ESTEPHE VS. RYALL. First match, same hall, December 13th. 
 — E., 1200—10.63—60; R., 966—76. 
 
 ESTEPHE VS. MONTGOMERY. Same hall, February 20, 1865. 
 — E., 1200—16—109; M., 525—44. 
 
 ESTEPHE VS. NELMS. Third and last match, Academy of 
 Music, Philadelphia, April 13, 1865.— E., 1200—15.38—78; N., 1161 
 —155. 
 
 First Annual Championship of Upper Canada. November 21-26, 
 1864, Music Hall, Toronto. — Games, 500 points, 6x12 four-pocket. 
 Wm. Jakes beaten by none but Samuel May, who won play-off with 
 D. Miller. Two prizes for place, and one for high run. Tournament 
 unique in the approximate uniformity of its high runs and averages 
 at the style of game. Its own average (six games apiece) was 5.99. 
 
214 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 Jakes 
 
 ... 5 
 
 60 
 
 8.20 
 
 7.56 
 
 Brown 3 
 
 49 
 
 8.62 
 
 6.32 
 
 May 
 
 ... 4 
 
 64 
 
 7.58 
 
 6.01 
 
 Cheseborough 2 
 
 40 
 
 5.62 
 
 5.43 
 
 Miller.... 
 
 ... 4 
 
 48 
 
 7.81 
 
 6.70 
 
 Phillips 
 
 43 
 
 
 4.90 
 
 Cronn . . . 
 
 ... 3 
 
 40 
 
 7.25 
 
 5.42 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 First Public Contest on a 5 1-2x11 Table (Four-pocket). Grover's 
 Theatre, Washington, D. C, January 23d. — $250 a side. Melvin 
 Foster, 1500—19.23—170; John Deery, 1445— 205. Return game, 
 Irving Hall, N. Y. City, February 11th.— F., 1500—16.13—137; D., 
 1124—122. 
 
 Thomas Foley vs. Ohas. A. Frink. Metropolitan Hall, Chicago, 
 January 29, $250 a side, 6x12 four-pocket. Foley, 1000; Frink, 
 872. Same terms and hall, February 11th.— Foley, 1000—14.71 
 —93; Frink, 537—47. 
 
 Amateurs' Sixteen-hour Contest for $2,000. "Arena," 185 Sixth 
 Avenue, N. Y. City, February 20-21st — Admission by invitation. 
 Wm. N. Wickes gave Wm. McKeever odds of " double discount," 
 best in 37 100-point games " around the table " — i.e., mixed caroms 
 and pocketings, latter limited to three consecutive times from the one 
 spot (6x12 four-pocket). Games won: W., 20; McK., 14; W.'s 
 extra one due to a dispute as to which had won the 13th. Total 
 points: W., 4981; McK., 2129. Winner's general average, 14.43. 
 No intermission. Referee throughout, Peter D. Braisted, Jr., color- 
 sergeant Seventh Regiment. 
 
 Mace, Bridge and Jaw Barred. Music Hall, Milwaukee, Wis., 
 March 11th. — $250 a side, 6x12 four-pocket, John W. Coon giving 
 S. A. Tustin odds of 200. C, 1000—14.08—112; T., 864—106. 
 
 First Championship of Massachusetts. — Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
 March 13-18th. — Games, 300 points. Contestants all Boston pro- 
 fessionals but Lee W. Langdon, amateur, of Florence, Mass. Four 
 prizes, all for place, went to the first four as tabled. They also made 
 the best four winning averages, but in this order — W., 17.65; D., 
 12.50; T., 12; L., 7.89. Average of tournament (seven games 
 apiece), 6.72. Ensuing matches were all played in Bumstead Hall. 
 
 W. R. G.A. 
 
 L.S.Brooks 2 108 5.53 
 
 F.E.Smith 2 53 5.62 
 
 F.A.Harding 2 47 4.88 
 
 John Peck 1 64 5.68 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 W. A. Tobin 
 
 .. 7 
 
 127 
 
 11.17 
 
 R. E. Wilmarth . . 
 
 .. 6 
 
 111 
 
 8.18 
 
 Ed. Daniels 
 
 . . 4 
 
 68 
 
 7.90 
 
 L. W. Langdon. . . 
 
 . . 4 
 
 45 
 
 6.84 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 
 
 215 
 
 First match, June 21st. — W., 1500 
 October 18th.— D., 1500—9.74— 
 
 TOBIN VS. WILMARTH. 
 —11.36—110; T., 1439—134. 
 
 WILMARTH VS. DANIELS. 
 80; W., 1020—58. 
 
 DANIELS VS. LANGDON. February 21, 1866.— D., 1500—8.61 
 — 129; L., 1252—50. 
 
 DANIELS VS. WILMARTH. June 21, 1866.— D., 1500—11.64— 
 151; W., 911— 115. 
 
 DANIELS VS. TOBIN. October 17, 1866.— T., 1500—10.14; 
 D 1292 
 
 TOBIN VS. JOHN H. FLACK. June 28, 1867.— T., 1500—9.15— 
 122; F., 1470—119. 
 
 TOBIN VS. DANIELS. October 31, 1867.— D., 1500—28.30— 
 255; T., 628—101. 
 
 Series ended with seventh match. After that run of 255 and that 
 average of 28.30 on a 6x12 four-pocket, no one challenged the title of 
 the restored champion; and for that reason, also, there was no new 
 championship until, in 1869, there was a remodeled game. 
 
 First Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, May 
 22-30, 1865. Games, 300 points. Two prizes, gold-mounted cue 
 and silver goblet. Tiers for latter tied again, and presented it to 
 Tony Honing, who had marked the games. The winning averages 
 of the five leaders, in this order, were: 10.71, 12.50, 8.67, 15.79, and 
 8.57; but actually fourth and fifth were Broga's 10 and Turner's 
 9.68. Average of tournament (seven games apiece), 7.25. All 
 matches were for $250 a side. 
 
 W. 
 H. Choate 5 
 
 F. Ackerman 4 
 
 W. Rivers 4 
 
 G. Griffey 4 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 Ill 
 
 7.78 
 
 76 
 
 8.60 
 
 76 
 
 7.30 
 
 92 
 
 7.43 
 
 w. 
 
 J. Frawley 4 
 
 J. Broga 3 
 
 B. Beatty 2 
 
 S.Turner 2 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 50 
 
 7.13 
 
 99 
 
 7.04 
 
 62 
 
 5.74 
 
 77 
 
 5.93 
 
 CHOATE VS. FRAWLEY. Same hall, September 28.— F., 
 1000—9.01—90; C, 874—74. 
 
 FRAWLEY VS. CHAS. DAVIS. Academy of Music, Cleveland, 
 January 24, 1866. F., 1000—11.36—291; Davis, 998—135. 
 
 FRAWLEY VS. CHOATE. May 31st.— C. forfeited. 
 
 FRAWLEY VS. ACKERMAN. Brainard's Hall, Cleveland, 
 September 25, 1867. — Fourth and last match, j. b. and game arbi- 
 trarily lengthened. F., 1500—16.32—410; A., 1239—110. 
 
 McDevitt vs. Goldthwait. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, May 31, 1865. 
 —$1,000 a side.— McD., 1500— 22.73— 267; G., 10.86—16.71—96. 
 
216 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 First Championship of Illinois. Smith & Nixon's Hall, Chicago, 
 June 14-21st. — First prize, gold-mounted cue; second, silver tea- 
 service. Lowell Mason, ill, withdrew without playing; Charles A. 
 Frink, taking his place, withdrew after playing and losing a game; 
 and a Chicago amateur, billed as " Davis," filled out the Mason- 
 Frink gap. Those who reached double figures in their best winning 
 averages were: F., 13.64; R., 11.54; and Le B. and "Davis," 10.34 
 each. The one victory credited to M. W. Donahue was a forfeit 
 from Chas. Masters. Average of tournament, 6.55. Seven 300- 
 point games apiece. 
 
 W. 
 
 T. Foley 7 
 
 J. Ferguson 6 
 
 A. Le Brim 5 
 
 H. Rhines 3 
 
 Money-stake in all matches, $250 a side. 
 
 FOLEY VS. RHINES. Brvan Hall, Chicago, October 12th.— F., 
 1500—12.50—84; R., 1061 — 47. 
 
 FOLEY VS. LE BRUN. Latter declared forfeit. 
 
 FOLEY VS. JOSEPH VERMEULEN. Chicago, June 27, 1866.— 
 F., 1500—15.46—178; V., 1002—126. 
 
 FOLEY VS. RHINES. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, October 
 15, 1866.— Fourth and last match of series. F., 1500—12.10—159; 
 R., 1225—157. 
 
 Challenges ceasing, emblem eventually became the unbeaten 
 Foley's own. 
 
 R. 
 
 GA. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 101 
 
 8.57 
 
 Cy. Coan 
 
 3 
 
 42 
 
 6.23 
 
 50 
 
 6.98 
 
 "Davis" 
 
 2 
 
 76 
 
 5.84 
 
 76 
 
 7.35 
 
 C. Masters 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 5.66 
 
 85 
 
 6.62 
 
 M. Donahue . . . . 
 
 1 
 
 51 
 
 4.90 
 
 First Championship of All Canada. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, 
 July 12-19, 1865. — Tournament for gold-mounted cue for first, and 
 a $75 silver cup for second. Five 500-point games apiece. Average 
 of tournament, 7.07. 
 
 W. 
 
 C. Dion 5 
 
 W. Jakes 4 
 
 S. May 3 
 
 The only high winning averages passing 8.47 (Jakes's) were Dion's 
 20 and May's 12.50. This championship was simply nominal, as 
 Joseph Dion was clearly the Canadian premier, with his brother 
 Cyrille easily second. It was never played for again. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 138 
 
 12.33 
 
 A. Guillett 
 
 2 
 
 62 
 
 6.51 
 
 70 
 
 7.32 
 
 J. Rooney 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 5.15 
 
 130 
 
 8.37 
 
 H. McVittie . . . 
 
 .... 
 
 70 
 
 4.90 
 
 Jos. Dion vs. Melvin Foster. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, July 
 19th. — $1,000 a side in gold (U. S. currency still at heavy discount) 
 D., 1500—21.74—151; F., 1108—147. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 217 
 
 Champion of Canada vs. Champion of Massachusetts. Me- 
 chanics' Hall, Montreal, July 20th. — First contest of a home-and- 
 home match, $500 in gold each game. C. Dion, 1500 — 12.71 — 109; 
 Robt. E. Wilmarth, 1375 — 90. In return game, set for Bumstead 
 Hall, Boston, October 19, W. forfeited. 
 
 Championship of Maine. First tournament, Meonian Hall, 
 Augusta, September 4-9th. Games, 300 points. R. T. Williams, 
 E. Godfrey, and C. E. Smith were the prize-winners. 
 
 Championship of Upper Canada. Second annual tournament, 
 Dallas Block, Toronto. Games, 300 points, p. b. Messrs. May, 
 Miller and Brown tied, and the play-off gave Brown the championship 
 and May the second prize. Their best winning average and their 
 general average in the regular games were: Brown, 7.14 and 5.94; 
 May, 9.38 and 6.92; Miller, 6.82 and 5.65. May won prize for high 
 run, 79. The other contestants were Messrs. Cheseborough and 
 Phillips, the latter winning no game, and the former beating only 
 Phillips. 
 
 Thomas Foley vs. John W. Coon. Bryan Hall, Chicago, Septem- 
 ber 28.— $500 a side, Foley giving odds of 400. F., 1500—12.50—91 
 C, 1463—151. 
 
 C. Dion vs. Ed. Daniels. — Bumstead Hall, Boston, October 19. — 
 $250 a side. Dion, 1500—16.30—157; Daniels, 728—59. 
 
 Dudley Kavanagh vs. Pierre Carme. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
 November 4. — Second game of match of three, every one for $1,000 a 
 side, half forfeit. (See Three-ball Caroms, October 5, 1865, for 
 first.) Push-shot barred, 5^x11 four-pocket table, 2-,^- balls. 
 K., 1500—25—132; C, 1339— 178. Third game, pushing and 
 jawing allowed on 6x12 four-pocket, set for December 4th, was 
 forfeited by Carme. 
 
 First Championship of Maryland. Baltimore, December 11-1 3th. 
 6x12 carom, c. b. Five players. Winner, Glessner, whose best 
 average was about 8. No matches. 
 
218 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 First Championship of Virginia. Norfolk, December 19-23d. 
 Six participants. W. Baldwin, beaten by S. D. Brough only, was 
 winner, his 40 being the highest run of all, and his 4.61 the best 
 general average. 
 
 W. BALDWIN VS. EDWARD BRYAN. Norfolk, Va., May 10, 
 1866.— Only match. Bryan, 800—9.52—46; Baldwin, 429—49. 
 By agreement, a 5^x11 four-pocket instead of a 6x12, as in tourna- 
 ment. 
 
 1866. 
 
 Pennsylvania Restores Push-Shot. Concert Hall, Philadelphia, 
 January 31 to February 4, 1866. — Second championship of State, 
 6x12 carom, c. b., push allowed. Contestants: E. J. Plunkett, R. T. 
 Ryall, Jas. Palmer, J. B. Bruce, and H. W. Hewes. All games 
 500 up but deciding one, which, between Ryall and Plunkett, was 
 1000 up; and in that the winner, Plunkett, ran 251, highest of tourna- 
 ment. Ryall, in playing Hewes, had made the next highest, 172. 
 Palmer won third prize. 
 
 PLUNKETT VS. RYALL. Same hall, March 29th.— First 
 match. R., 1500—18.07—123; P., 629—50. 
 
 RYALL VS. ESTEPHE. Same hall, May 14th.— R., 1500— 
 17.44— 160; E., 1349—75. 
 
 RYALL VS. PLUNKETT. Same hall, June 29th.— P., 1500— 
 io co 115 # R 823 117 
 
 PLUNKETT VS. ESTEPHE. Sansom Street Hall, Philadelphia, 
 August 28th.— P., 1500—30—223; E., 1360—282. 
 
 With this match the series was discontinued. Restoring the push 
 had caused a division of sentiment. 
 
 First Championship of Georgia. Atlanta, February 12-21st.— 
 300 points, eight contestants. A. W. Crawford beat all; John P. 
 Chapman, second prize, $50 and gold watch; John Lloyd, third, 
 $25 and a set of jewelry. Their best runs and averages were: 
 Crawford, 54 and 13.64; Chapman, 68 and 14.29; Lloyd, 96 and 
 12.50. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn., Tournament. February 14-24th. — 500 points, 
 six players. Melvin Foster, N. Y., won first ($500) after a tie with 
 F. A. Myers, of Memphis ($300), while Wm. Brown was third ($200). 
 The best winning average and highest run, Foster's 50 and 282, 
 resulted from his " jawing " the balls against Harry Choate. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 
 
 219 
 
 First. Public Contest in United States Between Foreign Plajfers. 
 
 Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, May 24th. — Purse game for a testi- 
 monial benefit, 2 ,-£ balls on a 5^x11 carom, p. b. J. Dion, of Mon- 
 
 treal, 750 
 491—105. 
 
 -39.47 — 297 (by crotching) ; P. Carme, from France, 
 
 First Championship of Indiana. Hamilton Hall, Fort Wayne, 
 June 6-1 lth. Games, 300 up. Morris beat McCarthy, but lost in 
 playing off. Best four winning averages: Morris, 12; McCarthy, 
 10.34; Capron, 9.33. Average of tournament, 6.19. All players 
 tied but one, the only case of the kind among so many as seven at 
 the four-ball game. No matches, McCarthy passing unchallenged. 
 Six games apiece, tournament averaging 6.19. This was the first 
 case of a championship tie. 
 
 W. R. G.A. 
 
 Tim McCarthy 5 73 8.19 
 
 Geo. Morris 5 67 6.84 
 
 J. O'Connell 3 43 5.28 
 
 Louis Capron 2 65 6. 
 
 W. R. G.A. 
 
 W. T. McFarland 2 65 5.70 
 
 A. McCracken 2 154 6.35 
 
 C. Anderson 2 40 5.50 
 
 Goldthwait vs. Deery. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, June 15. — 
 $500 a side. G., 1500—15.79—218; Deery, 1245—202. 
 
 First Championship of Missouri. Verandah Hall, St. Louis, 
 June 14—20th. — Six 300-point games apiece. Winner beaten by 
 Terrell only, and beat Pearce in play-off. Best three winning averages 
 — H., 60; B., 13.64; Wade, 8.57. Average of tournament, 6.87. 
 
 W. 
 
 A. H. Harrison 5 
 
 P. J. Pearce 5 
 
 H. Wade 4 
 
 Wm. Terrell 4 
 
 HARRISON VS. PEARCE. Same hall, October 4th.— Only 
 match. P., 1500—10.71—136; H., 1462—98. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 127 
 
 10.09 
 
 John Bluim 
 
 2 
 
 88 
 
 8.80 
 
 58 
 
 6.86 
 
 M. M. Miller 
 
 1 
 
 71 
 
 5.65 
 
 83 
 
 6.12 
 
 H. Wider 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 5.17 
 
 43 
 
 6.57 
 
 
 
 
 
 T. Foley vs. Jos. Vermeulen. Chicago, June 27th. — First of 
 two games, each $250 a side. F., 1500—15.47—178; V., 1002—126. 
 
 Academy of Music, Chicago, July 26th, return game, p. b. 
 7.63—52; V., 898—63. 
 
 F., 1000— 
 
 Third Annual Championship of Upper Canada. Rossin House, 
 Toronto, p. b. D. C. Cheseborough beat Samuel May by 300 to 202, 
 and J. Manard by 300 to 183. No others. 
 
220 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Championship of the Champions. Hippotheatron, N, Y. City, 
 beginning September 15th. Tournament of State and provincial 
 champions — Canada, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Massachusetts, Illinois, 
 Connecticut, Missouri, and Ohio. First prize, gold-mounted cue. 
 Plunkett beat McCarthy in playing off for second and third — a 
 billiard-table and an emblematic silver service. Frawley's 141 won 
 gold watch and chain for highest run, Foley being near with 134. 
 Average of tournament (seven games apiece), 9.83. It would have 
 been higher, did not the subjoined table show 27 games instead of 
 28. The missing one was between Harrison and Frawley, and was 
 annulled next morning (the only such instance on record as to a 
 public tournament) by a vote of 7 to 1 of the eight contestants. 
 
 W. L. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 C. Dion 6 1 127 25. 12. 
 
 E. J. Plunkett 5 2 117 16.13 11.09 
 
 T. McCarthy 5 2 99 14.29 10.03 
 
 E. Daniels 3 4 80 15.15 9.37 
 
 T. Foley 3 4 134 16.67 10. 
 
 G. B. Hubbell 3 4 98 9.80 8.51 
 
 A. H. Harrison 1 5 132 11.11 9.79 
 
 J. Frawley 1 5 141 8.20 8.31 
 
 Goldthwait vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, October 26th. — 
 $250 a side, winner conceding 500 points. G., 1500 — 20 — 218; D., 
 1499—195. 
 
 No match of so close a finish had ever before been played, the 
 nearest approach having been the Frawley-Davis contest of 1000 
 to 998. 
 
 McDevitt vs. Goldthwait. October 30 in Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
 and November 30 in Irving Hall, N. Y. City. — Home-and-home 
 match for $500 a side each game. Goldthwait lost in his own city 
 by 926 to 1500, and won in McDevitt's by 1500 to 1137. McDevitt 
 surpassed match record for a 6x12 four-pocket (his own 308) by 
 running 409 in Boston. 
 
 1867. 
 
 Third Championship of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, February 
 14-22d. — 6x12 carom, c. b., push retained. All games 500 points 
 but the last, in which, 1000 up, Nelms vs. Estephe, the highest run 
 and best winning average (38.46) were made. Other players with 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 
 
 221 
 
 winning averages above 15: Estephe, 33.33; Jas. Palmer, 17.86; 
 Wm. Rockhill, 16.73; Ryall, 16.13. Nelms-Estephe game was 
 played in National Hall. Average of tournament, 10.63. Seven 
 games apiece. 
 
 W. 
 
 Nelms 7 
 
 Estephe 6 
 
 Ryall 5 
 
 Rockhill 4 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 470 
 
 19.32 
 
 Palmer 
 
 3 
 
 98 
 
 10.15 
 
 148 
 
 20.60 
 
 Hewes 
 
 2 
 
 71 
 
 9.13 
 
 120 
 
 12.34 
 
 Bruce 
 
 1 
 
 80 
 
 6.27 
 
 96 
 
 9.52 
 
 Hoyt 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 6.02 
 
 NELMS VS. RYALL. National Hall, Philadelphia, May 27.— 
 Only match. N., 1500—33.33—543; R., 1140—277. 
 
 Second Championship of Illinois. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, 
 June 17-26th. — 500 points, j. b. Prizes: Gold-mounted cue for 
 first (won by Vermeulen in playing-off with Rhines), gold watch for 
 second and amethyst ring for third. Best four winning averages 
 were the four leaders': R., 20.83; V., 14.29; Honohan, 12.20; Davis, 
 13.16. Average of tournament, 8.93. Seven games apiece. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 
 .W. 
 
 R. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 Vermeulen 
 
 ....6 
 
 196 
 
 10.59 
 
 Le Brun 
 
 4 
 
 85 
 
 8.48 
 
 Rhines 
 
 6 
 
 278 
 
 13.08 
 
 Furlong 
 
 2 
 
 92 
 
 7.19 
 
 Davis 
 
 5 
 
 139 
 
 10.24 
 
 Forhan 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 5.63 
 
 Honohan 
 
 4 
 
 92 
 
 9.64 
 
 Cusick 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 5.16 
 
 All matches were in Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, and the money- 
 stake, except in last, was $200 a side. 
 
 VERMEULEN VS. RHINES. September 9.— R., 1500—18.29— 
 300; V., 1162—236. 
 
 RHINES VS. HONOHAN. December 4th.— R., 1500—14.66— 
 162; H., 1275—211. 
 
 RHINES VS. VERMEULEN. March 4, 1868.— V., 1500—13.65— 
 201 ;R., ,1415—161. 
 
 VERMEULEN VS. HONOHAN. May 25, 1868.— V., 1500— 
 12.61—187; H., 1376—75. 
 
 VERMEULEN VS. RHINES. September 2, 1868.— R., 1500— 
 11.16— 211; V., 1377—128. 
 
 RHINES VS. VERMEULEN. December 21, 1868.— V., 1500— 
 10.42; R., 1472. 
 
 VERMEULEN VS. HONOHAN. March 25, 1869.— J. and p. b., 
 and points reduced. V., 1200—13.33—111; H., 910—68. 
 
 VERMEULEN VS. FRANK PARKER. July 5, 1869.— Another 
 change, counting three for every carom instead of in twos or threes. 
 P., 1200—19.67—117; V., 523—57. 
 
222 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PARKER VS. SNYDER. November 20, 1869.— P., 1200— 
 15.38—129; S., 827—63. 
 
 PARKER VS. SNYDER. March 23, 1870.— Tenth and last 
 
 match, stake increased to $250 a side. P., 1200—16.90 — 105; 
 S., 978—93. 
 
 Championship of Pacific Coast. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, 
 August 17, 1867. — $500 a side, 5^x11 carom, c. b. Albert W. 
 Jamison, 1500—50—212; Edward Morris, 740—236. 
 
 First J. M. Brunswick & Co.'s Table in Tournament. Cincin- 
 nati, O., October, 21-31st. — 5^x11 four-pocket, play unrestricted. 
 All games 300 points but that determining tie between Foster and 
 Coon, which was 1000. Davis won third prize. The first was the 
 table on which games were played. Average of tournament, nine 
 games apiece, 12.93. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 M. Foster. . . 
 
 8 
 
 194 
 
 100. 
 
 25.37 
 
 F. Ackerman. 
 
 . 4 
 
 141 
 
 27.27 
 
 13.47 
 
 J. W. Coon. . 
 
 8 
 
 162 
 
 37.50 
 
 16.25 
 
 H. Choate . . . 
 
 . 4 
 
 81 
 
 11.11 
 
 9. 
 
 C. Davis 
 
 7 
 
 124 
 
 23.08 
 
 14. 
 
 F. Parker . . . 
 
 . 4 
 
 138 
 
 42.86 
 
 14.05 
 
 P. Snyder. . . 
 
 4 
 
 288 
 
 50. 
 
 13.29 
 
 W. C. Rivers . 
 
 . 2 
 
 116 
 
 15.79 
 
 11.11 
 
 J.Vermeulen 
 
 .4 
 
 98 
 
 23.08 
 
 11.61 
 
 F.E.Smith. . 
 
 . 
 
 76 
 
 
 ..7.31 
 
 One-half of the contestants became champions, State, national, 
 or both; but the best mere billiard-player of the ten (Foster) never 
 could attain to that eminence. 
 
 C. Dion vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Mass., December 
 18th.— $250 a side, p. and j. barred, 6x12. Dion, 1000—11.71—101 ; 
 Daniels, 770—94. 
 
 Fourth Annual Championship of Upper Canada. Toronto, 
 December. — 500 up, p. b., but jawing allowed. Wm. Jakes, with 
 G. A. of 8.43, won all his games; Samuel May, G. A. 7.42, won all 
 but one; Turner, G. A. 6.33, was third; Egener, G. A. 4.67, fourth; 
 and Davis, G. A. 3.27, fifth and last. Average of tournament, 5.94. 
 
 1§6S. 
 
 McDevitt vs. Goldthwait. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, Jan- 
 uary 8.— $250 a side, no restrictions. McD., 1500—166.67—1483; 
 G., 113—48. The 1483 were made nominally in the "jaw," but in 
 effect it was a carom-table "crotch." 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 223 
 
 Championship of Nevada. Opera House, Virginia City, January 
 20th. — $250 a side in gold, unrestricted; 5^x11 carom. W. Wright, 
 1500—71.43—768; Valentine J. Orndorff, 279—59. The 768 were 
 crotched. 
 
 Hewins vs. L. W. Simonds. Music Hall, New Haven, Conn., 
 March 4th. — $500 a side, j. b. on 5£xll, the Danbury expert giving 
 the Hartfordite 500. H., 1500—8.13 (1000)— 64; S., 1015—68. 
 
 Carme vs. Vermeulen. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, July 22d. — 
 $250 a side, 5^x11 carom, c. and p. barred, and V. receiving 500. 
 C, 1500—34.88—382; V., 1135 (with odds)— 73. 
 
 Third Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, October 
 21-26th. — 5^x11 four-pocket, c. and p. b., 300-point games. Fred. 
 Ackerman won play-off and second prize, $150, and Tony Honing 
 third, $100. Harry Choate, winning all his games, received first 
 prize — gold-mounted cue and $100. Ackerman's 33.33 was best 
 average, his 14.88 the best general average, and Asa Brainard's 143 
 the best run. The other six were Samuel Turner, J. W. Cronn, 
 J. Quill, Joseph Casper, Jos. Cherry, and J. Grunkemeyer. Average 
 of tournament, 10.37. 
 
 CHOATE VS. ACKERMAN. City Hall, Springfield, O., Jan- 
 uary 12, 1869.— First match. A., 1000—20.41—99; C, 563—65. 
 
 ACKERMAN VS. HONING. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, Sep- 
 tember 11, 1869.— Second and last match. A., 1000—16.67—130; 
 H., 894—187. 
 
 First Match in America Between French Experts. In November, 
 A. P. Rudolphe and Pierre Carme were matched to play two games 
 in Chicago, four-ball, p. and c. barred, and three-ball, each for 
 $1,000 a side. Carme was adjudged to have forfeited in both. Soon 
 afterward, they played two similar games, Rudolphe winning both, 
 without equaling the record in either. 
 
 T. Foley vs. Frawley. Garrett's Hall, Cleveland, December 2, 
 1868. — First of three games, every one for $500 a side, 5^x11, j. b, 
 and push allowed in first, but both barred in second. Foley, 1500 — 
 16.30—120; Frawley, 975—189. 
 
 Second game, Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, December 30th. — 
 Foley, 1000—10.63—78; Frawley, 645—81. 
 
221 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Third game, three-ball caroms, Frawley forfeited; and a new 
 match, same as game of December 2, but for SI, 000 a side, was played 
 in same hall as second, February 24, 1869. Foley, 1500 — 22.39 — 
 248; Frawley, 1J202— 188. 
 
 1869. 
 
 [In this and all later years until close of the four-ball series, table was a 
 5^x11 four-pocket, when not differently indicated, the game p. and j. b., 
 and the count in ones (for misses), threes and sixes.] 
 
 Frawley vs. Rhines. Garrett's Hall, Cleveland, January 22d. — 
 $250 a side. F., 1000—14.02—153; R., 1496—298. 
 
 J. Dion vs. Foster. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, January 28th. — 
 First of home-and-home-and-odd (see Three-ball Caroms, 1869), 
 $1,000 a side every game. D., 1200—36.36—208; F., 1116—355. 
 
 First Chalking of Lines. On every corner cushion rail, about 
 eight inches apart, the terminals of an imaginary line were drawn. 
 This line had no reference to jawing or crotching, already barred 
 by the articles of agreement, and yet its purpose was to prevent 
 what, without describing it, a Montreal paper had spoken of as 
 " Dion's patent shot." No one could be found who knew its nature. 
 Suspecting it to be a "kiss-back" from one ball dead against the 
 end-rail, one of the staff of the " N. Y. Times " suggested the line, 
 and the referee, Gershom B. Hubbell, marked it with the concurrence 
 of the players. 
 
 First Public Game Played Under Protest. Dion could not have 
 fully understood the purpose of the line. Because of it, he played 
 the latter half of the game under protest, Michael Phelan to decide. 
 As he won, the protest was needless. Had he lost, it would have 
 been useless. There has been only one other case of playing on after 
 protesting, instead of having the point decided then and there; and 
 in that other case the protester won because of a wrong decision 
 due to delay, and that, if given on the spot, would not have been 
 wrong, singular to say. 
 
 Dion vs. Foster. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, April 6th. — Third 
 und last match of series, same terms as one above. D., 1200 — 
 •28.57—124; F., 1118—102. 
 
 First Championship of Wisconsin, Opera House Hall, Fond 
 du Lac, February 9-12th. Counting in twos, threes, and fives. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 225 
 
 Adam Kleser, then of Milwaukee, first; L. Olcott second; Harris 
 Liverman, third. The others were S. A. Tustin, W. W. Seavor, and 
 C. Bly. Stake in matches, $200. 
 
 KLESER VS. SEAVOR. Madison, Wis., May 19th. Counting 
 now in threes and sixes. K., 1200—9.92—102; S., 728—48. 
 
 KLESER VS. LIVERMAN. Music Hall, Milwaukee, December 6, 
 1870. L., 1200— av., 11.54; K., 776. 
 
 LIVERMAN VS. KLESER. Eau Claire, June 29, 1871. L., 1200 
 — av., 15; K., 1164. 
 
 First Formal Amateur Championship. That of Long Island, at 
 Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, April 19-28th. Games, 300 points, old 
 counting, unrestricted. Contestants, Messrs. Dodge, Rogers, 
 Wharton (prize-winners in that order), Hardy, Karff, Sproul, and 
 Vanderwerker. 
 
 Second or Diamond Cue Championship of America. Irving Hall, 
 N. Y. City, April 26 to May 10, 1869. This was a tournament of 
 innovations. It was the first with an entrance-fee from contestants. 
 Instead of in twos, threes, and fives, caroms were counted in threes 
 and sixes. Instead of two short games per session, there was one 
 long one (1200 points). For the first time in national championship 
 contests, a 5^x11 (four-pocket) table was used, and the push-shot 
 prohibited. Foster alone beat the winner-in-chief. Average of 
 tournament, six games apiece, 17.35. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 John Deery, $1,000 5 358 24. 18.66 
 
 A. P. Rudolphe, $625 4 170 25. 18.48 
 
 Melvin Foster, $475 4 189 23.53 18.41 
 
 Peter Snyder, $275 4 207 25. 18.29 
 
 Henry Rhines, $125 2 171 16. 16.52 
 
 W. Goldthwait 1 129 21.53 16.76 
 
 Ed. Daniels , 1 219 25, 14.57 
 
 The closeness of the single and general averages is still without 
 parallel in a tournament of leading experts. Playing off, Rudolphe 
 beat both Foster and Snyder, and Foster, in defeating Snyder by 
 1200 to 872, ran 492 and averaged 38.67 — records in themselves 
 without being records of the tournament. Could Foster's extra 
 two games have been added to his tournament six, he would have 
 credited himself with the tournament's best run, its best single 
 average, and its best general average (20.13). 
 
 All matches were for the Diamond Cue and a money-stake of $500 
 a side. 
 
226 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 DEERY VS. FOSTER. Hippotheatron, N. Y. City, September 
 14, 1869. D., 1500—20—174; Foster, 1229—154. 
 
 DEERY VS. C. DION. Mechanics' Pavilion, San Francisco, 
 January 8, 1870. Deerv, 1500—15.31—177; Dion, 1489—156. 
 
 DEERY VS. RUDOLPHE. Same hall, March 5, 1870. R., 
 1500—18.52—279; Deerv, 1327—235. 
 
 RUDOLPHE VS. C. DION. Hippotheatron, N. Y. City, May 31st. 
 R., 1500—27.27—153; D., 1485—177. Instead of one referee and 
 two umpires, this contest had three joint referees, and an erroneous 
 decision as to count, thoughtlessly given by one without consulting 
 another, the third being absent temporarily, gave Rudolphe the 
 match, $1,000 in stakes, and about $1,750 in clear door-money, the 
 largest ever realized from one night's play. 
 
 RUDOLPHE VS. J. DION. Apollo Hall, N. Y. City, October 7, 
 
 1870. R., 1500—28.30—192; D., 1192—180. 
 
 RUDOLPHE VS. PARKER. Kremlin Hall, Buffalo, N. Y., 
 January, 11, 1871. P., 1500—18.29—144; R., 1235—162. 
 
 PARKER VS. C. DION. Crosby's Opera House, Chicago, 
 April 26, 1871. D., 1500—19.48—183; P., 1164—168. 
 
 C. DION VS. DANIELS. Latter declared forfeit. 
 
 C. DION VS. FOSTER. Hippotheatron, N. Y. City, June 19, 
 
 1871. D., 1500— 24.59— 1S6; F., 616—96. 
 
 C. DION VS. DEERY. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, November 29, 
 
 1872. Dion, 1500—16.67—321; Deery, 1201—81. 
 
 C. DION VS. DALY. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, January 2, 1873. 
 Daly missed victory through his failure to see, until too late for 
 rectification under the rules, that 15 points of his had not been 
 marked up. When the score-strings showed 1490 for Daly and 
 1486 for Dion, the contest was annulled by an agreement to begin 
 again, in Tammany Hall, January 9th. Dion then, 1500 — 25.42 — ■ 
 156; Daly, 1147—159. 
 
 C. DION VS. DALY. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, May 16, 1873. 
 Daly, 1500—26.79—195; Dion, 1261—147. 
 
 DALY VS. GARNIER. Same hall, October 2, 1873. G., 1500— 
 31.25—171; D., 1224—249. 
 
 October 6, Gamier resigned Diamond Cue to its surviving donor, 
 H. W. Collender, instead of to C. Dion, who on September 30 had 
 challenged winner of then pending Daly-Garnier match. Dion 
 thereupon again became champion. 
 
 C. DION VS. RUDOLPHE. Same hall, April 7, 1876. Four- 
 teenth match and thirteenth and last completed contest. Dion, 
 1500—40.54—228; Rudolphe, 392—108. 
 
 Time-limit, two years and a half, made the emblem Dion s 
 Daly holds it as a souvenir of his having held it as champion. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 
 
 227 
 
 Second Championship of Massachusetts. Olympic Theatre, 
 Boston, May 10-18, 1869.— 500-point games. R. E. Wilmarth, 
 champion cue and $250; A. B. Williams, second (billiard-table); 
 John H. Flack, third (gold watch and chain). Other contestants 
 were W. A. Tobin, John F. Murphy, L. S. Brooks, Samuel Colby, 
 and R. Davis. Stake in matches, $200. 
 
 WILMARTH VS. BROOKS. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Decem- 
 ber 10th. W., 1200—10—87; B., 955—99. 
 
 WILMARTH VS. MURPHY. Same hall, January 24, 1870. 
 W., 1200—16.67—93; M., 846—69. 
 
 WILMARTH VS. B. FRANK DENNISON. Same hall, March 31, 
 1870. D., 1200—16—208; W. s 787—60. 
 
 DENNISON VS. TOBIN. Opera House, Springfield, Mass., 
 June 30, 1870. D., 1200—13.33—132; T., 1014— 105. 
 
 Chicago's First Amateur Championship. T. Foley's Room, 
 June 7-26, 1869. — 500-point games. Clem Ellison won second in 
 play-off, and fourth went to Humphreys. Average of tournament, 
 nine games apiece, 8.02. G. A. of five leaders were: S., 12.06; E., 
 9.59; W., 9.34; H., 9.66; John W. Blaisdell, the actor, 8.26. 
 
 Spear 
 
 9 
 
 R. 
 
 87 
 
 Ellison 7 108 
 
 Watkins 7 
 
 85 
 
 Humphreys 6 111 
 
 Blaisdell 5 87 
 
 Av. 
 
 10.23 
 
 13.89 
 
 12.82 
 
 11.11 
 
 11.36 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 Kinzie 5 
 
 Stevens 3 
 
 O'Brien 2 
 
 Wilson 1 
 
 Pickley 
 
 72 10.09 
 
 63 7.41 
 
 51 7.14 
 
 66 7.35 
 
 51 .... 
 
 Second Championship of Maine. Portland, August 2-7th. — 
 500 points, 5^x11 four-pocket, unrestricted, and counted in old way. 
 Henry F. Shiel, unbeaten, won champion cue and $200; C. E. Smith, 
 of Augusta, billiard-table; and Smith, of Portland, gold watch. 
 Others, J. M. Bonney and George Swazey. 
 
 SHIEL VS. T. HERBERT WHITE. Portland, August 7, 1871. 
 Former won by 1000 to 867. 
 
 SHIEL VS. C. E. SMITH. Lancaster Hall, Portland, June 28, 
 1871. Shiel, 1200—17.91—150; Smith, 818—115. 
 
 Average of 1000. Breed's Hall, Norwich, Conn., August 4th. — 
 First of home-and-home, each for $200 a side, $50 forfeit, Melvin 
 Foster to discount Geo. T. Stone on 5^x11 carom, c. and p. both 
 allowed, and counting in the old way. Foster " crotched * out his 
 whole 1000 in his first inning. Stone, who made but 19, forfeited in 
 return one, set for Aborn Hall, New London, August 11th. 
 
228 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Third Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, Novem- 
 ber 29th to December 1st. — 500-point games, 5^x11 carom. Wil- 
 liamson won play-off. Average of tournament, three games apiece, 
 11.77. Match stake, $100 a side, in games of 1000 points. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Williamson 2 108 13.51 12.02 
 
 Grunkemeyer 2 63 13.89 11.44. 
 
 Casper 1 81 18.52 13.29 
 
 Cherry 1 57 13.51 10.47 
 
 Champions by turn were Williamson, Casper, Choate, Honing, 
 and Choate again. Honing made the best run of the match series, 
 192 against Choate, May 17, 1871, in Cincinnati, and Choate the 
 best winning average, 32.26 against Honing, same date. 
 
 Choate vs. Jacob Garratt. Respectively as champions of Ohio 
 and Indiana, thev plaved a match of $200 a side in Indianapolis 
 July 3, 1871 (C, 1200—22.22—126; G., 989—78); and in Hopkins's 
 Hall, Cincinnati, July 18th following, they contended for the joint 
 championship of the two States, regardless of disability by reason 
 of non-residence (G., 1200— 21.05— 123; C, 1162— 105). Both games, 
 counted in threes, were on a 5x10, probably with push, but minus 
 crotch; and on August 2, 1871, at the Opera House, Springfield, 
 O., Choate's home, they plaved a purse game on a 5^x11 carom, c. 
 and p. barred (C, 1200—7.69—187; G., 1170—141). 
 
 Parker vs. Snyder. December 4, 1869, Crosbv's Music Hall, 
 Chicago, $250 a side. P., 1200—15.58—207; S., 1088—84. 
 
 Second Championship of Indiana. If there was a tournament, 
 record of it is altogether lacking. December 4, 1869, in Indianapolis, 
 Alex. McCracken, then champion, contended with John W. Gregg 
 for the championship and $200 on 5^x11 carom. G., 1200 — 19.05 — 
 126; McC, 1111—126. 
 
 GARRATT VS. McCRACKEN. Record is lacking as to how 
 Gregg relinquished and Garratt acquired the championship. Wash- 
 ington Hall, Indianapolis, April 4, 1870, Champion Jacob Garratt, 
 1200—22.22—93; McC, 1129—144. 
 
 GARRATT VS. GREGG. Same hall, January 9, 1871.— Garratt, 
 1200—15—90; Gregg, 976—63. 
 
 GARRATT VS. CHOATE. For joint championship of Indiana 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 229 
 
 and Ohio, July 18, 1871, see year 1869 under "Third Championship 
 of Ohio." 
 
 GARRATT VS. PARKER A. BYERS. Indianapolis, October 26, 
 1871.— For Indiana championship. G., 1200—24—105; B., 1187— 
 135. 
 
 Byers was afterward proclaimed champion, and for some time 
 Indiana had rival Billiard Associations and two championships. 
 
 GARST VS. GARRATT. Indianapolis, September 15, 1872.— 
 New Billiard Association, with Peter Garst as standard-bearer. 
 Table, 5 2 xll carom. Garst won by 1500 to 1252. 
 
 BYERS VS. GARRATT. Lafayette, home of Byers, May 22, 
 1873. — &100 a side, 5x10 carom, "under the rules of the Indiana 
 Billiard Association." G., 1500—41.67—114; B., 1194—120. 
 
 This closed the often puzzling four-ball record of professionals in 
 Indiana. 
 
 First Case of Two Styles of Game in One Night. Bumstead Hall, 
 Boston, December 13, 1869. — First of two games, each $100 a side 
 (see Three-ball Caroms, December 13, 1869, for second), 5^x11 
 carom, c. and p. b. Melvin Foster, 750 — 44.12 — 426; E. Daniels, 
 645—147. 
 
 1§70. 
 
 Deery vs. C. Dion. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, February 3d. — 
 $1,000 a side. Deery, 1500—18.42—231; Dion, 1044—120. 
 
 Parker vs. Adam Kleser. Music Hall, Milwaukee, February 9th.- 
 $100 a side. P., 1200—42.86—277; K., 321— run, 42. 
 (See "Best Record Performances.") 
 
 Rudolphe vs. Deery. Mercantile Library Hall, San Francisco, 
 March 17th.— $1,500 a side. R., 1500—32.61—312; D., 970—174. 
 
 This contest was unique in having three judges in addition to a 
 referee. 
 
 Parker vs. Coon. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, April 11th. — 
 $250 a side. P., 1500—19.48—189; C, 1205—133. 
 
 Second Championship of Maine. First match was in Congress 
 Hall, Portland, May 13th. — $100 a side, on a 5Jxll four-pocket, 
 
230 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 surely counting in threes, and supposedly j. and p. b. Champion, 
 HenrV Shiel, 1200—12.37—78; C. E. Smith, 1152—90. 
 
 Second Amateur Championship of Long Island. Assembly 
 Rooms, Brooklyn, May 23d to June 2d. — Five games apiece. Rogers, 
 won 5 ; Kirkby, 4 ; Craft and Upham, each 2 ; Roberts and Campbell, 
 each 1. Of the matches, Kirkby beat Rogers, December 16, 1870, 
 by 500 to 393; Earle, January 11, 1871, by 500 to 338; Aaron Vande- 
 werker, January 26, 1871, by 500 to 375 (table changed from 5^x11 
 four-pocket to a carom of same size) ; and Vandewerker again, 
 May 22, 1871, by 500 to 296. On October 17, 1871, it was Rogers, 
 500—20—99; Kirkby, 307—63, and on January 17, 1872, it was 
 Rogers, 500—17.86—99; Rapalye, 375—108. Rogers's 20 was high 
 average, and the best carom-table run, next to the 108 and the two 
 99 's, was Kirkby 's 87 against Vandewerker. 
 
 Experts' Game, Also Known as " Red, White and Blue." Hippo- 
 theatron, N. Y. City, June 1st. — 500 points, $250 purse. J. Dion, 
 300—5.36—25; M. Foster, 260—28. 
 
 This was the first game designed to suppress nursing. Instead 
 of two reds, one red and a blue were used with two whites. 
 The game had special rules, but its chief feature consisted in 
 prohibiting the striker from playing on the nearer ball first when 
 both were within a certain distance of each other. While 
 500 points had not been found too long in practising for the 
 match, they proved too many in public competition, and when 
 100 points had been scored it was decided to shorten the game by 
 two-fifths. 
 
 Rudolphe vs. C. Dion. Hippotheatron, N. Y. City, June 17, 1870. 
 — S500 a side. D., 1500—27.27—193; R., 1090—246. 
 
 New Championship of California. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, 
 June 18th. — Match for silver cue and $400, 5^x11 carom, c. and p. b., 
 and counted in threes. Joseph W. Little, averaging 16, won by 1200 
 to John F. B. McCleery's 669. Congress Hall, same city, Novem- 
 ber 18th: McCleery, 1200—19.67—93; L., 836—93/ See 1872 
 for another new series. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 231 
 
 G. F. Slosson' s First Public Match. Opera House, Springfield, 
 Mass., October 13th. — B. Frank Dennison giving odds of 300 in 
 points and $200 to $100 in money. D., 1000—76.92—355; S., 
 684 — 138. This was counted in the old way, and was probably on 
 a 5x10 carom-table. 
 
 C. Dion vs. Dennison. M. H. Hewins's Room, Hartford, Conn., 
 November 3d. — Purse game, carom-table, c. and p. b., counting in 
 threes, and Dion giving odds of 250. Dion, 1000—52.63—171; 
 Dennison, 577 (with odds) — 57. A similar contest, $200 a side, 
 was begun at once, odds now being 250. Dion, 1000 — 125 — 330; 
 Dennison, 478 (with odds) — run not known. 
 
 J. Dion vs. Deery. San Francisco, November 26th. — $1,000 a 
 side. Dion, 1500—22.38—315; Deery, 896—115. 
 
 C. Dion vs. Rudolphe. Academy of Music, N. Y. City, Decem- 
 ber 28th. — $1,000 a side, Rudolphe giving odds of 5 per cent. D., 
 2000—20 (in 1900)— 141; R., 989—315. 
 
 1871. 
 
 First Public Handicap Tournament. Allyn Hall, Hartford, 
 February 23d to March 1st. — Five games apiece, Clark E. Wilson 
 winning 4, and prize cue and $250. Melvin Foster, M. H. Hewins 
 and Geo. T. Stone 3 apiece, B. F. Dennison 2, and Wm. Bowen 0. 
 In playing off the ties, Hewins beat Stone and won third ($50), and 
 Foster beat both. In round numbers, the general averages were: 
 F., 18; S., 13; W., 12; Dennison, 11; Hewins, 10. Bowen forfeited 
 two games. 
 
 First Known Use of 5x10 in Four-ball Game. Academy of 
 Music, Lafayette, Ind., March 2d. — $400. Parker A. Byers, 1200 — 
 24—96; Wm. F. Kenny, 817—108. The 5x10 is to be suspected of 
 having been utilized in this way once or twice before, but this is the 
 first sure case. 
 
 Slosson and Daly's First Tournament. Rochester, N.Y., March 
 28th to April 1st. — 1000-point games, counted in threes, p. and c. 
 barred, but on a 5^x11 carom. Daly won play-off, and Slosson the 
 $25 extra for highest run. Six games apiece. 
 
232 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 W. R. 
 
 G. F. Slosson, $200 6 342 
 
 M. Daly, $70 4 240 
 
 Eugene Kimball, $30 . . 4 186 
 Win. Jakes 3 207 
 
 Av. 
 
 52.63 
 71.43 
 37.04 
 26.32 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 Jeff. Ferguson 2 234 41.67 
 
 Frank Fitch 1 240 
 
 Frank Twitchell 1 ... 28.57 
 
 Rudolphe vs. J. Dion. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, April 1st. — 
 Second of three games, every one for $1,000 a side. R., 1500 — 
 20.27—228; D., 1288—207. For third, see Three-ball Caroms. 
 The first, English winning-and-losing, caroms and pocketings, with 
 2£ balls on an English 6x12 six-pocket table, was played in same 
 hall, March 15th. Dion, 1000—4.24—29; R., 956—40. 
 
 Plunkettvs. Nelms. Assembly Buildings, Philadelphia, May 23d. 
 — $250 a side, counted in the old way on a 5Jxll carom. P., 1500 — • 
 28.85—132; N., 1183—138. 
 
 Championship of Canada. Also on 5^x11 carom, Montreal, 
 July 18-27th. — Frank Dion first (gold-mounted cue and $100), 
 John Hickey second ($60), and Thos. Russell third ($40). Jas. G. 
 Bennett, Alphonse Derome, Chas. Egener, Thos. Knox, and Jas. 
 Phelan were the others. Match record is incomplete. January 19, 
 1872: J. G. Bennett, 1500—18.07—75; A. Derome, 1259—105; and 
 March 20, 1872, Wm. Jakes defeated Bennett by 1500 to 1183. 
 Each match was for $100 a side, and both were played in Montreal. 
 
 G. F. Slosson vs. Eugene Carter. Toledo, O., July 26th. — $500 a 
 side. S., 1500— av. about 27; C, 1032. 
 
 A Wrong Decision Makes a Second Game. Apollo Hall, Newark, 
 N. J., August 14th. — C. A. Frink vs. Ebenezer Francis, $250 a 
 side, carom table. As Francis made apparently the winning shot, 
 spectators closed in, causing his cue to touch a ball. Frink claimed 
 foul, the referee so ruled, and Frink, with a run of 82, changed score 
 to 1500 to 1497 in his favor, with an average of 28.25. Francis 
 protested against payment of stakes, and another game was played 
 in same hall August 21st. Francis, 1500 — 24.19 — 154; Frink, 
 1378—141. 
 
 Maurice Daly's First Public Match. Athenaeum, Brooklyn, 
 September 15th. — $50 a side, usual way of going, but on a carom 
 table (5£xll). D., 1500—93.75—357; A. W. Jamison, 414—105. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 233 
 
 Gamier vs. Daly. Metropolitan Hall, Chicago, October 2d. — 
 First of home-and-home, SI, 000 each game, usual terms. G., 
 1500—26.79—201; D., 1365—159. 
 
 Return, Irving Hall, N. Y. City, October 27th.— D., 1500—25— 
 327 ;G., 1230—132. 
 
 This tie was virtually disposed of in Titusville, Pa., December 6th. 
 First of two games (see Three-ball Caroms for second), severally for 
 $250 and $200 a side. D., 1500—34.69—291; G. scored 698. 
 
 Byron Gillett vs. G. F. Slosson. Stancliff Hall, November 1st, — 
 $250 a side, carom table G., 1500—50—267; S., 1263—240. 
 
 1§72. 
 
 Amateur Championship of Long Island. Assembly Rooms, 
 Brooklyn, March ll-12th.— Carom table of usual size, cue to become 
 personal property of tournament winner. Two games each. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 S. Rapelye 2 64 16.31 14.08 
 
 F. Rogers 1 99 17.24 15.08 
 
 A. Vanderwerker , . . .... 9.10 
 
 Championship of Pacific Coast. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, 
 March 21st. — Silver cue and $200 a side, 5x10 carom. J. F. B. 
 McCleery, 1500—28.85—207; W. W. Wright, 900—117. Same hall, 
 May 7th, A. Kraker, 1500—38.46—147; McC, 754—150. Same 
 hall, October 25th, Kraker, 1500—83.33—348; McC, 930—234. 
 
 Championship of Massachusetts. Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
 December 9-1 2th. — Entrance fee $50, 600-point games, carom 
 table, 5x10. First prize, cue and $300; second, billiard-table; third, 
 $150. Nothing to indicate general averages or disposition of ties. 
 Five games apiece. 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 Ed. Kendall 4 219 66.67 
 
 John Peck 3 213 35.29 
 
 R. E. Wilmarth. . . 3 201 40. 
 
 B. F. Dennison . . . 3 276 46.15 
 
 C. E. Wilson 2 195 42.86 
 
 T. R. Bullock 123 
 
 KENDALL VS. JOHN HICKEY. Same hall, February 11, 
 1873, stake $100 a side and championship. K., 1500 — 31.58 — 186; 
 H., 1225—168. 
 
234 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 KENDALL VS. WILSON. Same hall, March 11, 1873. W., 
 1500—33.44—273, K., 1410—150. 
 
 ^YILSON VS. DENNISON. Same hall, April 2, 1873. D., 
 1500—46.88—330; W., 741—159. 
 
 DENNISON VS. BULLOCK. Same hall, April 28, 1873. D., 
 1500—40.54—120; B., 784—207. 
 
 DENNISON VS. KENDALL. Same hall, October 24, 1873. 
 K., 1500—52.41—273; D., 1485—285. 
 
 1§73. 
 
 [This year and thenceforward, except when otherwise stated, 5x10 carom, 
 C. and p. barred, counting in threes.] 
 
 Dennison vs. J. G. Bennett. Bumstead Hall, Boston, April 14th. 
 —$200 a side. D., 1500—83.33—300; B., 579—240. 
 
 Slosson vs. John Bessunger. Kingsbury Hall, Chicago, Sep- 
 tember 9th.— $250 a side. S., 2000—142.86—534; B., 216— run, 
 108. On the prior April 19th they had played a similar match in 
 Chicago. S., 2000—44.44—279; B., 1969—213. 
 
 Dennison vs. Goldthwait. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Septem- 
 ber 18th.— $100 a side. D., 1500—65.22—417; G., 819—216. 
 
 1874. 
 
 Louisiana Double Championship. Crescent Hall, New Orleans, 
 April 6-30th. — Tournament at both four-ball and three-ball games. 
 (For second, see Three-ball Caroms.) First prize, championship 
 locket and $100 ; second, $50. Six games apiece. Average of tourna- 
 ment, about 13i. Individual G. A.: H., 14.40; H. M., 20.61; C, 
 10.11 ; J. M., 14.31 ; J. F. M., 15,25; A., 10.31 ; Q., 10.65. 
 
 W. 
 
 Albert Hoa 5 
 
 H.Miller 4 
 
 A. Coste 3 
 
 J.Miller 3 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 77 
 
 21.36 
 
 92 
 
 30. 
 
 91 
 
 14.29 
 
 86 
 
 10.71 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 J. F. Maggioli 3 93 23.08 
 
 L. Abrams 2 96 21.43 
 
 Chas. Quaid . . 1 128 18.75 
 
 HOA VS. H. MILLER. Same hall, June 1st.— Match, stake $50. 
 M., 500—20.83—155; H., 180—36. 
 
 H. MILLER VS. MAGGIOLI. Varieties Theatre, New Orleans, 
 March 4, 1876. Miller, 500—33.33—91; Maggioli, 360—77. 
 
FOUR-BALL GAME. 235 
 
 1876. 
 
 Slosson vs. Sexton. Foley's Room, Chicago, September 17th. — ■ 
 Purse game, 5^x11 four-pocket table, counting in the old way. 
 Slosson, 2000—33.33—356; Sexton, 1730—257. [The night before 
 they had played the three-ball game on the same table. Slosson, 
 600—8.22—137; Sexton's total, 278.] 
 
 Those games were not matches, and are not records. Not being 
 matches, they furnished no line at all as to Old Billiards vs. New. 
 This is the final four-ball chronicle as to professed experts of standing. 
 The revival of contests on pocketless tables, tested as early as 1860, 
 and abandoned outside of Philadelphia as too repressive of " safety," 
 or generalship, had brought the game into disesteem for spectacular 
 uses. So small a table as a 5x10 for that way of going was almost 
 a burlesque of competitive billiards in the hands even of approximate 
 masters; and yet it remained for four-ball caroms to be played, 
 although by an inferior class of experts in the remoter West, on a 
 4^x9 carom! 
 
 Best Kecord Performances at Four-Ball 
 
 Caroms 
 in matches for a general championship. 
 
 BEST AVERAGES ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 
 
 166.67 in 1500, jawing barred, pushing allowed — J. McDevitt, 1868 (see 
 series under 1863). 
 
 25.86 in 1500, push and jaw allowed— J. Dion, 1866 (see series under 
 1863). 
 
 BEST RUNS ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET TABLE, 
 
 1458, jaw barred, push allowed — J. McDevitt, 1868. 
 
 616, due to jawing — J. Dion, 1867. (See series under 1863 for both.) 
 
 BEST AVERAGES ON 5£xll FOUR-POCKET TABLE, 
 
 40.54 in 1500, push and jaw barred — C. Dion, 1876. 
 31.25 in 1500, push and jaw barred — A. Gamier, 1873. 
 (See series under 1869 for both,) 
 
 RUNS ON 5^X11 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 
 
 321 by C. Dion, 1872; 279 by A. P. Rudolphe, 1870; and 249 by Maurice 
 Daly, 1873 — all push and jaw barred. (See series under 1869.) 
 
236 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 PUBLIC CONTESTS NOT FOR GENERAL CHAMPIONSHIP. 
 
 BEST AVERAGES ON 6x12 SIX-POCKET TABLE. 
 
 12.20 in 2000— Michael Phelan, 1859. 
 17.24 in 1500— John McDevitt, 1683. 
 10.00 in 1500, push and masse barred — Dudley Kavanagh, 1862. 
 
 BEST RUNS ON 6x12 SIX-POCKET TABLE, 
 
 177 by Dudley Kavanagh, 157 by John Seereiter, and 129 by Michael 
 Phelan, all in 1859. 
 
 90, push and masse barred — Michael Foley, 1862. 
 
 BEST AVERAGES ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 
 
 8.40 in 1000, push and jaw barred — Michael Phelan, 1864. 
 166.67 (by jawing and pushing) — John McDevitt, 1868, 
 
 BEST RUNS ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET. 
 
 56, push and jaw barred — Michael Phelan, 1864. 
 1483, by jawing and pushing — John McDevitt, 1868. 
 
 BEST AVERAGES ON A 5^x11 FOUR-POCKET. 
 
 42.86 in 1200, push and jaw barred — Frank Parker, 1870. 
 
 BEST RUNS ON A 5^x11 FOUR-POCKET. 
 
 492, push and jaw barred — Melvin Foster, 1869. 
 327, push and jaw barred — Maurice Daly, 1871. 
 315, push and jaw barred — J. Dion and A. P. Rudolphe, 1870. 
 
 BEST AVERAGES ON A CAROM TABLE. 
 
 15.38 in 1200, push and crotch barred, size 6x12 — Victor Estephe, 1865. 
 
 25.00 in 1500, push barred, crotching allowed, but none done, size 5^x11, 
 2 T 5 B balls— Dudley Kavanagh, 1865. 
 
 39.47 in 750, push barred, out average due to crotching, 5^x11, 2 T 5 5 balls 
 —J. Dion, 1866. 
 
 33.33 in 1500, crotch barred, push allowed, 6x12— E. H. Nelms, 1867. 
 
 1000 in 1000, push and crotch allowed, 5^x11 — Melvin Foster, 1869. 
 
 32.26 in 1000, push allowed, crotch barred, 5^x11 table, $500 a side— W. 
 W. Wright, Virginia City, N. T., December 11, 1868. Loser, C. A. W. Jami- 
 son, who was given odds of discount, averaged 51.23 in his total of 1537. 
 
 93.75 in 1500, 5^x11, crotch barred— M. Daly, 1871. 
 
 BEST RUNS ON CAROM TABLE 
 
 543, crotching barred, push allowed, 6x12 — E. H. Nelms, 1867. 
 
 297, by crotching on a 5^x11 — J. Dion, 1866. 
 
 1000 (whole game), by pushing and crotching, 5^x11 — Melvin Foster, 1869. 
 
 BEST AVERAGE IN TOURNAMENT. 
 
 100 in 300, 5^x11 four-pocket, no restrictions — M. Foster, 1867. 
 
 Note. — No account has been taken here of either tournament games or 
 matches on any table smaller than a 5^x11, which was the first-class pro- 
 fessionals' limit. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL CAROMS. 
 
 [Unless otherwise stated, all play was with 2f balls, and, with but few 
 exceptions, on a Phelan & Collender, a Collender or a Brunswick-Balke- 
 Collender Co. 5x10 carom table, crotching not barred until 1870.] 
 
 Abbreviations. — This succession — Player, 250 — 10. — 54; Player, 212 — 
 69 — stands for winner's total, average, and high run, and loser's total and 
 high run, 
 
 r 1862. 
 
 First Public Match. Louis Fox, of Rochester vs. John Deery, of 
 N. Y. City, $250 a side, 250 points up, 6x12 four-pocket table, 
 was the first match made at this game with any idea of playing it in 
 public. It was set for Buffalo, N. Y., but the Deery side forfeited 
 on November 7th. 
 
 1864. 
 
 First Technically Public Contest. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, after- 
 noon of April 8th. — $250 a side, 6x12 four-pocket table, in aid of 
 the Workingwomen's Protective Union. Peter D. Braisted, Jr., 100; 
 Wm. H. Freeman, 79. Players were not of the first class, and hence 
 runs and averages were not tallied for publication. 
 
 There had, of course, been many earlier match-contests, both 
 amateur and professional; but those and scores of others before 
 them were of the nature of billiard-room contests, with the exception 
 that Michael Phelan and Ralph Benjamin's in Philadelphia, in 1857, 
 was a formal match, although not public, each principal being limited 
 to a certain number of friends as spectators. 
 
 1865. 
 
 First Formal Public Contest. Gallaher's Hall, N. Y. City, 
 October 5th. — First of the three-game match (see* Four-ball for 
 others), $1,000 a side, 5^x11 carom, 2-, 5l 6 - balls. Pierre Carme, 
 from France: Total, 250 — winning average, 2.48 — high run, 19; 
 Dudley Kavanagh, 224 — 15. [Note. — This is the order of all matches, 
 the loser's ayerage being omitted as not a technical record.] 
 
 The table was a compromise in height between the French and 
 the American. 
 
 1S6§. 
 
 First Match on a 5x10 Carom. For this reason, a billiard-room 
 match merits mention. This size is not known to have been used 
 again in any expert match in this country until 1870. 
 
 237 
 
238 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Peter D. Braisted's Room, X. Y. City, January 21st. — $50 a side 
 Wm, X. Wickes, amateur, 150— 2.S6— 15; Braisted, 47—5. 
 
 Melvin Foster vs. John Deery. Irving Hall, X'. Y. City, Sep- 
 tember 30th.— S250 a side, 5^x11 earom. Foster, 300—2.80 — 40; 
 D., 1S4— 24. 
 
 Foster vs. Joseph Dion. Academy of Music, X". Y. City, Decem- 
 ber 28th. — Second game of match of three (see Four-ball for others), 
 Sl,000aside, 5^x11 carom. F., 300—1.73—21; D., 296—11. Catch- 
 ing the draughts and blasts from the untenanted stage, the balls were 
 ice, the cues icicles, and the players paralytics in sheer numbness. 
 
 1§69. 
 
 Foster vs. Benjamin. Braisted's Room, X". Y. City, January 6th. 
 — F. giving 150 in 300 and laying $100 to S80, 5£xll carorn. F., 
 300—1.94—16; B., 131 (without odds)— 14. 
 
 Xot a record except as a match in which, for many successive 
 innings, both men played alternately for " safety " without leaving 
 their seats. Foster, who began it, had to quit, as he was behind, and 
 the misses, if continued, would have put his opponent' out. This 
 contest suggested the rule of 1879, illegalizing more than two con- 
 secutive misses. 
 
 Foster vs. Deery. Irving Hall, X. Y. City, April 23d. — $250 
 a side, 5^x11 four-pocket. F., 300— 2.80— 18;' D., 183—14. 
 
 McDevitt vs. C. Dion. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, May 10, S500, 
 5^x11 four-pocket. D., 300—2.03—19; McD., 299—29. 
 
 Ralph Benjamin vs. M. H. Hewins. Town Hall, Meriden, Conn., 
 Xovember 23d.— S100 a side, 5^x11 four-pocket. B., 150; H., 132. 
 On the same terms, Hewins had won in Meriden, Conn., August 21st, 
 by 150 to 130, and Benjamin had won return game in Portchester, 
 X'. Y., October 22d, by protesting against referee's decision as to a 
 shot claimed as foul (actual score, 150 to 149 in favor of Hewins). 
 Best runs in the three games: B., 7, 8, and 11 ; H., 7, 10, 8. Winning 
 averages, barring protested game, 1.50 each. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Geo. T. Stone vs. Hewins. Music Hall, New Haven, Conn., Janu- 
 arv 4th. — $300 a side, Stone giving odds of 60, probably a 5^x11 
 carom. S., 300— 1.63 — 41 ; H., 267— 11. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 239 
 
 First Public Match Contest at the West. Crosby's Music Hall, 
 Chicago, January 19th. — $200 a side, 5^x11 carom, Frank Parker 
 defeating Henry Rhines by 300 to 260. There had been an announced 
 three-ball match at the West a year or so before, but it was really an 
 exhibition. 
 
 Carme vs. Henry Miller. National Theatre, New Orleans, March 
 24-25th. — Two games, each $250 a side, Carme giving odds of 150. 
 First game: M., 500—3.98 (in 350)— 56; C, 374—29. Second game: 
 C, 500—6.49—85; M., 388—31. Table was surely no larger than 
 5x10. 
 
 J. W. Coon vs. Frank Parker. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, 
 April 25th.— $250 a side, 5^x11 carom. C, 500—2.90—24; P., 
 499—17. 
 
 First Three-ball State Championship. Assembly Rooms, Phila- 
 delphia, April 25-30th. — First tournament for championship of 
 Pennsylvania, 5^x11 carom. E. J. Plunkett, 6 — 0; E. H. Nelms, 
 5 — 1; Wm. Rockhill, 4 — 2; James Palmer, 3 — 3; Robt. Hunter, 
 2 — 4; McAlier, 1 — 5; Doyle, — 6. Prizes — 1st., cue and billiard- 
 table; 2d, $150; third, $70. 
 
 Plunkett vs. Nelms. — Same hall, January 18, 1872. — First match 
 for champion cue. N., 200— av., 2— run, 22; P., 168—18. 
 
 Michael Honohan vs. Abraham Bassford. Crosby's Music Hall, 
 Chicago.— $100 a side, 5x10 carom. H., 300—2.63—17; B., 191—17. 
 
 First Known Case of Crotching Barred. Crosby's Music Hall, 
 Chicago, October 19th. — $250 a side, 5^x11 carom, c. b. Frank 
 Parker and Henry Rhines, 400—3.07 and 2.54—19 and 17; Peter 
 Snyder and John W. Coon, 264—2.26 and 1.51—13 and 12. 
 
 As far back as 1860-1, a run of 40 had been crotched (or jawed, in 
 fact), in a non-public match at the three-ball game; and that crotch- 
 ing was not specifically barred before 1870 was because, until small 
 tables came into vogue, it was theoretically twice as hard to get the 
 crotch at three-ball caroms as at four-ball, and practically much 
 harder. 
 
 1871. 
 
 [In this and all later years, table a 5x10 carom, with crotch barred, unless 
 mentioned differently.] 
 
 First Match on a 5x10 Between First-Class Players. Piatt's Hall, 
 San Francisco, January 12th.— $500 a side. J. Dion, 500 — 3.60 — 46; 
 Peery, 474—37. 
 
240 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 January 26th, same hall and stake, Dion giving odds of 100. 
 Deery, 600—3.73 (in 500)— 57; Dion, 479—42. 
 
 February 9th, same place and stake, Dion now giving 50. Deery, 
 600— 5.98 (in 550)— 83; Dion, 491— 25. 
 
 These were the first public three-ball contests at odds between 
 first-class players, and the odds was always marked up at the start 
 of the game, instead of, as usual now, one man's going to 500 against 
 the other's 600. Practically, or temperamentally, there is often a 
 difference between ways that theoretically seem the same. 
 
 Rudolphe vs. Gamier. Apollo Hall, N. Y. City, January 21st. — 
 $500 a side, 5^x11 carom, crotch not barred, but no crotching, 
 Gamier receiving odds of 15 per cent. Rudolphe, 600 — 5.46 — 72; 
 G., 510—28. 
 
 C. Dion vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, January 24th. — 
 $250 a side, 5^x11 carom, no bar. Dion won by 300 to 131, with 
 38 against 12 for best run. 
 
 First Professional Tournament at Three-ball Game, and Also 
 First Championship of the Northwest. Chicago, February 2-28th. — 
 Games 300 points, balls 2-^. Playing off, Foley beat Pearce, 
 and Coon both Pearce and Foley. Six games apiece. 
 
 W. 
 
 H. Rhines 5 
 
 J. W. Coon 4 
 
 T.Foley 4 
 
 P. J. Pearce 4 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 34 
 
 4.84 
 
 36 
 
 4.41 
 
 32 
 
 4.55 
 
 23 
 
 3. 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 J. Vermeulen 3 30 3.75 
 
 A. Le Brun 1 18 2.88 
 
 H. Liverman 29 
 
 The 2- 1 5 6 ball had not been used in tournament before, and haa 
 been availed of in but one since. It makes " position draws ,J harder, 
 and failures easier by an eighth of an inch. Yet it made less differ- 
 ence then than it would make now. There was but one match. 
 
 RHINES VS. COON.— Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, May 27th.— 
 $250 a side, same balls. R., 400—4.82—54; C, 295—18. 
 
 Coon vs. Gamier. Same hall as above, March 8th. — $200, 5^x11 
 carom. C, 600 (odds of 100)— 4.76 in 500—58; G., 522—35. 
 
 Coon vs. Parker. Same hall and table, March 11th. — $500. C, 
 400—3.48—22; P., 320— 29. 
 
 Parker vs. Rhines. Same hall and table, March 22d. — $500. 
 P., 400—2.44—26; R., 369—29. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 241 
 
 C. Dion vs. Deery. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, April 7th. — 
 $500 a side. Dion, 500—6.41—58; Deery, 476—73. 
 
 J. Dion vs. Rudolphe. Congress Hall, San Francisco, April 17th. — 
 Third and last of three games (see Four-ball Game for both that 
 style and English billiards for $1,000 apiece). D., 500 — 4.72 — (run 
 not recorded) ; R., 472— 69. 
 
 Daly vs. Rhine s. Brooklyn Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y., November 
 6th.— $500 a side. Daly, 500—4.27—44; R., 397—58. 
 
 First Triple-figure Runs. National Theatre, New Orleans, 
 November 20th, 22d, 25th. — Separate games, $500 apiece, crotch 
 probably not barred. Joseph Dion won by 500 to 479, 365, and 
 268, including odds of 150 received invariably by Henry Miller. 
 Winner's averages: 4.95, 6.85, and 8.94. Best runs per game: D., 
 48, 105, 107; M., 29, 23, 11. [In this city, January 16, 1872, C. Dion 
 ran 109, mainly in the crotch of a 5x10; but as a billiard-room match 
 it was not a record.] 
 
 First Double-figure Average. Corinthian Hall, Titusville, Pa., 
 December 7th.— $250 a side. Gamier, 500—10.42—80; Daly, 
 233—27. 
 
 1872. 
 
 Gamier and Rhines vs. Deery and Parker. Orpheus Hall, 
 Chicago, May 25th.— $250 a side. G. and R., 336 and 164 (500) — 7 
 and 3.49—82 and 27; D. and P., 181 and 191 (372)— 3.85 and 4.07— 
 32 and 46. 
 
 Parker vs. Rhines. Orpheus Hall, Chicago, July 1st. — $500 a 
 side, 5x10 carom. P., 500—4.94—44; R., 359—27. 
 
 Daly vs. Deery. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, September 3d and 
 13th. — Match of 500 and 600 points, each for $1,000 a side, c. b. 
 Resulted from match for $250 a side, played July 25th in the private 
 room at Chris. O'Connor's, Daly then winning by 500 to 455, aver- 
 aging 4, and running 56 against 31. September 3d: Daly, 500 — 
 6.94—59; Deery, 292—41. September 13th: Daly, 600—6.25—54; 
 Deery, 406—63. 
 
242 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1§73. 
 
 Francois Ubassy vs. Henry Miller and John Bessunger. In 
 Harmony Hall, New Orleans, and in Nixon's Amphitheatre and the 
 Globe Theatre, Chicago, Ubassy gave odds varying from " discount " 
 to 200 in 600 and 300 in 800, in April, May,~ and June. The half 
 dozen contests were of importance chiefly by reason of Ubassy's 
 runs and averages. The highest of the former were 117 and 116; 
 of the latter, 15.79 in 300 in New Orleans and 17.78 in 800 in Chicago. 
 
 Amateur Championship of Louisiana. New Orleans, May 12th to 
 28th. — Tournament of 200-point games on a 4^x9 carom table. This 
 series was so called not so much because quite all the contestants 
 were clearly non-professionals as for the reason that any professional 
 championship at that precise time would have fallen to either Henry 
 Miller or his brother John, then first and second best players in the 
 State. All matches of the new series were 300 up, on a 4^x9 table, 
 for a stake of $100 a side, and played in New Orleans. Record of 
 tournament, four games apiece: 
 
 W. 
 
 F. Maggioli 4 
 
 L. Abrams 3 
 
 A. Coste 2 
 
 R. Av. 
 
 22 4.17 
 
 43 5.88 
 
 34 *4.57 
 
 *A losing average. 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 J. Cochran 1 20 2.78 
 
 C. Blanchard 38 .... 
 
 From June 10th of this year until July 14, 1874, there were a 
 dozen or two matches, Maggioli, Abrams and Choate taking turns 
 as champions. Ultimately, the emblem became Maggioli's per- 
 menently. The highest run of the series was 60, and the highest 
 average 12, both by Maggioli. 
 
 First Championship of the World. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
 June 23-30th. — First first-class professional tournament anywhere 
 at three-ball caroms. Games, five apiece, 300 points. This tourna- 
 ment made the 5x10 carom table, bar crotch (4^ in. in all directions 
 from the cushion-junction), the standard. Gamier and C. Dion 
 first and second after playing off. 
 
 H.R. Av. G.A. 
 
 113 12. 9.32 
 
 77 10.75 7.57 
 
 62 9.68 7.01 
 
 W. H.R. Av. 
 
 Ubassy 2 98 17.65 
 
 J. Dion 1 64 10. 
 
 Deery 79 
 
 G.A. 
 8.53 
 5.60 
 6.08 
 
 W. 
 
 Gamier 4 
 
 C. Dion 4 
 
 Daly 4 
 
 Average of tournament, 7.89. 
 
 All matches were for the Challenge Cup and $1,000 a side, and all 
 but the last were played in Tammany Hall, N. Y. City. 
 
 GARNIER VS. C. DION. December 2d.— G., 600—10—68; 
 D., 480—61. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 243 
 
 GARNIER VS. UBASSY. January 30, 1874.— G., 600—8.70— 
 108; XL, 460—50. 
 
 GARNIER VS. DALY. April 3, 1874.— G., 600—12.77—75; 
 D., 380—62. 
 
 GARNIER VS. RUDOLPHE. December 10, 1874.— R., 600— 
 14.63—161; G., 387— 101. 
 
 RUDOLPHE VS. MAURICE VIGNAUX. "February 22, 1875.— 
 V., 600—10.17—60; R., 556—58. 
 
 VIGNAUX VS. SEXTON. Grand Hotel, Paris, France, March 3, 
 1876.— V., 600—19.35; S., 459— run, 129. 
 
 Jacob Schaefer's Public Debut. Washington Hall, Indianapolis, 
 July 25th.— Purse game. Schaefer, 300—4.84 — 38 ; Parker A. Byers, 
 183 — 20. He had also pursed two weeks before, Jacob Garratt 
 beating him by 1000 to 932; but it was at the four-ball game, and in 
 Garratt's Indianapolis billiard-room. 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 W. W. Wright 2 32 2.73* 
 
 J. W. Little 1 26 2.90 
 
 L. W. Perkins 1 23 2.53* 
 
 First Championship of Pacific Coast. Mercantile Library Hall, 
 San Francisco, August 25-30, 1873. — Tournament for championship, 
 a silver cup and $650. Games, 200 points, six apiece. Mott won 
 play-off. 
 
 W. R. Av. 
 
 J.McCleery 6 31 3.39 
 
 Tony Kraker 5 30 4.65 
 
 J.H.Mott.Jr 3 32 3.92 
 
 Wm. Terrell 3 18 2.79 
 
 ♦Losing averages. 
 
 Slosson and Schaefer's First Meeting. October 5, 1873, 
 Indianapolis, $100 a side, was the first meeting between a pair that 
 have met oftener in public than any other two. Slosson, 500 — 5.32 — 
 35; Schaefer, 321—45. 
 
 Slosson vs. Daly. Kingsbury Hall, Chicago, November 8th. — 
 $500 a side, Daly giving odds of 100. S., 600—5.68 (in 500); D., 
 593—44. 
 
 Chicago's First First-Class Tournament. Kingsbury Hall, 
 November 10-21st. — Aggregate, $3,100 in cash prizes, seven 400- 
 point games apiece. Gamier and Daly won in playing off. Average 
 of tournament, 6.46. 
 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 Gamier . . . 
 
 . . . . 6 82 
 
 17.35 
 
 9.88 
 
 J. Dion 
 
 .. 4 
 
 124 
 
 7.18* 
 
 5.60 
 
 Ubassy . . . 
 
 ... 6 69 
 
 12.90 
 
 7.98 
 
 Slosson 
 
 .. 2 
 
 68 
 
 9.09 
 
 6.53 
 
 d Dion 
 
 ... 5 86 
 
 8.52 
 
 6.56 
 
 Bessunger . . . 
 
 .. 1 
 
 71 
 
 7.28* 
 
 5.66 
 
 Daly 
 
 ... 4 153 
 
 12.12 
 
 7.44 
 
 Snyder 
 
 .. 
 
 48 
 
 „ . . . 
 
 3.72 
 
 *The 7.18 and 7.28 were not winning averages 
 
244 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 In tabulating this tournament originally, the mistake was made 
 of including the tie or extra games. Omitting them makes a slight 
 difference in the general averages of Gamier, Ubassy and Daly, but 
 none at all in J. Dion's. 
 
 First Three-ball Championship of Massachusetts. Boston, clos- 
 ing December 5, 1873. Three prizes for place, and one for high run. 
 Five games apiece. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 J. Hickey 
 
 . . 4 
 
 34 
 
 6.67 3.74 
 
 J. Peck 
 
 . 2 
 
 22 
 
 2.06* 2.27 
 
 F. Dennison. . . 
 
 . . 3 
 
 45 
 
 3.08 2.80 
 
 Lon Morris. . . . 
 
 . 2 
 
 37 
 
 3.77 2.80 
 
 C. E. Wilson . . 
 
 .. 3 
 
 51 
 
 4. 2.76 
 
 D. T. Pulsifer . 
 
 . 1 
 
 24 
 
 2.60 2.30 
 
 *The 2.06 was a losing average. 
 
 Match-stake was $200, but there was only one contest — Bumstead 
 Hall, Boston, January 7, 1874. Hickey, 400—3.40—22; Dennison, 
 323 — 26. On March 3 following, when there was no challenge out- 
 standing, H. resigned emblem to Massachusetts Billiard Congress. 
 
 Tournament at Two Different Games. (See Four-ball Game, 
 1874, for one.) New Orleans, April 6-30th. — 200 points up, for 
 three prizes. Called an amateur tournament. Hoa won play-off. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 H. Miller .... 
 
 ...5 
 
 58 
 
 9.52 5.37 
 
 A. Coste . . . . 
 
 . .. 3 
 
 33 
 
 4. 3.03 
 
 A. Hoa 
 
 .. . 4 
 
 48 
 
 5.55 3.93 
 
 L. Abrams . . 
 
 ... 1 
 
 27 
 
 4.65 3.60 
 
 J.Miller 
 
 ...4 
 
 29 
 
 3.88 3.20 
 
 C. Quaid 
 
 . .. 1 
 
 32 
 
 3.98* 2.68 
 
 F. Maggioli . . 
 
 ...3 
 
 47 
 
 4.08 3.34 
 
 
 
 
 
 * Quaid' s 3.98 was a losing average — beaten by one point. 
 
 MILLER VS. HOA. New Orleans, July 1st.— M., 300—3.33—20; 
 H., 285 — 29. In this match, as in the other, the stake was the cham- 
 pionship and $25 a side. 
 
 MILLER VS. MAGGIOLI. Same city, September 1st.— Mag- 
 gioli, 300—3.85—33; Miller, 277—21. 
 
 1§74. 
 
 First Game of Multiple Nights in America. Fall River, Mass., 
 January 19-27th. — Wm. Briggs vs. Jerry Sullivan, for championship 
 of Fall River and a silver cup, played in nightly blocks. Nothing 
 reported but totals and best runs. B., 1500—26; S., 1449—19. 
 
 Multiple nights' play, since carried to an extreme in England, 
 originated in France in 1867. 
 
 First First-Class Tournament in Boston. Bumstead Hall, March 
 9-1 3th. — There was a prize for every player, and there was also poor 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 245 
 
 playing for every prize, Garnier's 78, 7.84 and 5.90 being best run, 
 banning average and general average. This was the order of the 
 prize-winners: Garnier, C. Dion, J. Dion, Ubassy, and Daly. 
 
 Daly vs. C. Dion. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, March 3d. — 
 $1,000 a side. Daly, 600—8.95—212; Dion, 547—81. Daly here 
 beat the record run, which was his own 153. 
 
 C. Dion vs. Daly. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, May 15th.- 
 $2,000. Dion, 600—8.22—83; Daly, 578—94. 
 
 Ubassy vs. Gamier. Same hall, May 24th. — Purse game. U., 
 600—8.33—68; G., 446—61. 
 
 Wm. M. Dodds vs. E. H. Nelms. Assembly Buildings, Phila- 
 delphia, May 27th. — $250 a side, probably a 5^x11. D., 400— 
 3.25—27; N., 334—28. 
 
 Same hall, same terms, June 30th.— N., 400 — 3.20 — 48; D., 
 391—31. 
 
 Rudolphe vs. C. Dion. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, September 
 18th.— $500 a side. R., 600—12—79; D., 338—55. 
 
 This led to a $200 " freeze-out, " $50 a game, played September 
 21-22 in Tim Flynn's room, and lasting from 8.45 P.M. until 9.30 
 A.M. Games (100 up) and total points: R., 13—1349; D., 9—1266. 
 
 Rudolphe vs. Wm. Cook, Champion of England. Tammany Hall, 
 N. Y. City, October 9th.— $1,000 a side, with 2 1-16 balls on an 
 English six-pocket table, 6x12 inside measurement. R., 400 — 
 1.96—26; C, 274—16. 
 
 Amateur Championship of Long Island. Assembly Rooms, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., beginning October 26th. — Tournament for gold- 
 mounted cue and $50 for first, and $75 apportioned as other prizes. 
 Games, 200 points, with eleven entries. Samuel F. Knight and 
 Joseph Pihet tied. After Knight had won the play-off, the loser 
 protested on the ground that Knight, the year before, had received 
 pay for marking in a professional tournament, and the cue and the 
 $50 were awarded to Pihet. Later, there were half a dozen or more 
 matches for the emblem, with varying results. 
 
246 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 First Three-ball Championship of America. Tammany Hall, 
 N. Y. City, November 4-13th. — Special prizes were a gold watch 
 from Capt. Fred Grote for best run, a watch from Peter Totans for 
 best general average, and an emblematic gold medal from Matthew 
 Delancy. There were also a number of special playing-rules, no 
 one of which outlasted the championship itself. Among them was 
 one to bar crotching by requiring a 5^-in. oblique line on the bed of 
 the table. This had been suggested for another end in the Dion- 
 Foster match in Montreal in 1869 (see " First Protest" under Four- 
 ball Game). Accomplishing nothing except actually to increase 
 the crotching area by an inch, this, too, was speedily abandoned, an 
 imaginary line (on the principle of the spot-radius in the three-ball 
 game and the "string" in the four-ball) having been sufficient ever 
 since 1862. 
 
 The tournament itself was an emphatic success, but the strange 
 rules confused the public and irritated the players; and for the first 
 time in a professional tournament a game was not completed, and 
 for the first time, also, a referee was impelled, in self-respect, to 
 vacate his office in rebuke of a player who refused to defer to the 
 official ruling. It is necessary to mention the unfinished game 
 (Gamier ahead of Ubassy by 274 to 246) for the reason that, as his 
 general average indicates in the table below, Gamier has a total of 
 but 2238, whereas, beaten only by Vignaux (11) and Daly (125), 
 he should have 2264. The average of the tournament, eight games 
 apiece, was 8.93. 
 
 W. R. Ar. G. A. 
 
 Vignaux ($1,351) 7 159 16.66 10.53 
 
 Gamier ($928.58) 6 93 18.75 11.36 
 
 Daly ($928.58) 6 108 21.43 9.73 
 
 J. Dion ($585.72) 5 150 25. 11. 
 
 Rudolphe ($440.48) 4 97 15.79 9.35 
 
 Ubassy ($127.62) 3 104 12. 7.912 
 
 Slosson ($127.62) 3 88 11.11 7.910 
 
 C.Dion 2 79 14.29 8.43 
 
 Daniels 45 5.13 
 
 All matches for $500 a side, and in Tammany Hall. 
 
 VIGNAUX VS. J. DION. December 30, 1874.— V., 600—12.50— 
 192; D., 538—64. 
 
 VIGNAUX VS. RUDOLPHE. February 23, 1875.— V., 600— 
 15.38—69; R., 326 — 41. 
 
 VIGNAUX VS. C. DION. March 25, 1875.— V., 600—12—80; 
 Dion, 543—119. 
 
 April 26, 1875, his backers having failed to cover challenger's final 
 money on time, Vignaux forfeited emblem and $250 to Gamier. 
 Money was returned, but emblem was retained until, on June 12th, 
 Gamier resigned it to Daly, who had challenged May 26th. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 247 
 
 DALY VS. C. DIOX. November 23, 1875.— Dion, 600—12.50— 
 52; Daly, 557—104. 
 
 Challenged by Gamier November 30th, Dion resigned the emblem 
 December 14th. 
 
 GARNIER VS. J. DION. November 16, 1876.— D., 600—8.22 
 —180; G., 495—77. 
 
 J. DION VS. SEXTON. May 31, 1877.— S., 600—12.23—247; 
 D., 442—84. This was the first match-run to beat Daly's 212 of 
 1874. Sexton seemed hopelesslv behind when he made it. 
 
 SEXTOX VS. C. DIOX. Xovember 13, 1877.— S., 600—11.32 
 —97; D., 428—105. 
 
 SEXTOX VS. SLOSSOX. June 27, 1878.— Sexton, 600—28.57— 
 158; S., 338—100. 
 
 SEXTOX VS. SLOSSOX. December 27, 1878.— Tenth match 
 and ninth and final contest. Sexton, 600 — 20.69 — 158; Slosson, 
 468—140. 
 
 Vignaux vs. C. Dion. Tammanv Hall, N. Y. Citv, December 8, 
 1874.— $500 a side. V., 800—11.94—100; D., 772—127. 
 
 Ubassy vs. C. Dion. Chris. O'Connor's private room, X. Y. City, 
 December 15-16th. — S500 a side, played in two nights. U., 1000 — 
 8.16—137; D., 930—91. 
 
 This was the first contest of more than one night between leading 
 experts in America. 
 
 1875 
 
 Championship of Ohio. Cleveland, O., closing January 25th. — 
 Tournament for championship of Ohio and SI 000 in money. Eugene 
 Carter first, T. J. Gallagher second, and Anthony Honing, John 
 Bluim, John A. Thatcher, Harry Choate, Joseph Casper, W. A. 
 Burchard, Martin Mullen and H. Coleman following. Stake in 
 match series was $200 a side, and table a 5x10. Carter beat Gal- 
 lagher by 400 to 346, March 25th, and Honing by 400 to 353, both 
 in White's Hall, Toledo. In the Globe Theatre, Cleveland, October 
 17, 1876, occurred the fastest game of the series, which was for $250 
 a side. Gallagher, 400—17.39—76; Carter, 221—31. 
 
 Four-handed Public Game. Tammany Hall, X. Y. City, Feb- 
 ruary 17th. — In aid of the Homocepathic "Hospital Fund. J. and C. 
 Dion, 500—15.15—36 and 56; Daly and Gamier, 354—28 and 34 
 
248 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 First Avowedly Professional Use of 4^x9 Table*. (It had already 
 been used in declaratively amateur games in New Orleans.) Cham- 
 pionship of Indiana, Indianapolis, February 23 to March 1, 1875. — 
 Eight contestants. Henry Bussey was undefeated, while Parker A. 
 Byers, failing to beat Bussey only, made best run, winning average* 
 and general average, viz., 67 — 14.29 — 6.66. 
 
 But one match-contest is chronicled, and in that, played in 
 Turners' Hall, Indianapolis, June 24th, Byers beat Jacob Garratt 
 who had been third in tournament. B., 400—10.26—63; G., 201 
 — 3S. 
 
 First Undeniably Professional Match on 4$x9. Washington 
 Hall, Indianapolis, March 9th. — S200 a side, Lewis Shaw, 400 — 
 13.79— 51; Wm. Burleigh, 188—25. 
 
 Slosson vs. Rhines. Warerooms of J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co., 
 Chicago, March 24th. — Rhines receiving odds of 100. S., 600 — 
 5.13—45; R., 579 — 11. 
 
 Brooklyn's Only Professional Carom Tournament. Assembly 
 (Billiard) Rooms, April l-15th. — 300-point games, for $600 (Gar- 
 nier), S400 (Vignaux), $250 (J. Dion), $150 (Ubassy), and $100 
 (C. Dion). Neither runs nor averages were striking. Games won 
 and lost: G., 5—1; V., 4—2; J. D., U., and C. D., 3—3; Daly, 2 — 4; 
 Rudolphe, 1 — 5. J. Dion and Ubassy w T on in playing off triple tie. 
 
 Wm. Sexton's First Public Three-ball Match. Bleecker Hall, 
 Albany, N. Y., April 5th. — $100 a side, c. b. S., 500 to 462; winning 
 average, 4.32. 
 
 Championship of Northwestern and Southwestern States. Ware- 
 rooms of J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co., Chicago, April 12-24th.— 
 200-point games. Prizes show outcomes of play-offs, every one of 
 the twelve but Miller, Maggioli and Honing having tied. Average of 
 tournament, 5.36. General averages of Gallagher and Burleigh 
 parallel Ubassy and Slosson's in 1874 for closeness. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 H. Miller (S500) 9 50 6.90 5.20 
 
 W. Burleigh ($400) 8 117 11.04* 6.961 
 
 H. Rhines (S300) 8 100 11.11 5.25 
 
 Lannie McAfee ($250) 7 76 10.53 6.98 
 
 E. Carter ($175) 7 84 22.22 7.22 
 
 T. J. Gallagher ($125) 7 94 11.11 6.962 
 
 L. Shaw 6 86 10.53 5.62 
 
 F. Parker 6 94 8.18 5.57 
 
 F. Maggioli 4 83 9.09 4.53 
 
 A. Honing 2 44 8. 4.96 
 
 H. Liverman 1 34 6.06 3.78 
 
 A. Hoa 1 34 5.94 3.45 
 
 ♦Hoa's 5.94 was a loser, and so were Burleigh's 11.04 and Parker's 8.18. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 249 
 
 MILLER VS. RHINES. Academy of Music, New Orleans, 
 July 8th. — First match for championship and $500, M., 500 — 
 5.49— 32; R., 304—60. 
 
 MILLER VS. MAGGIOLI. Same hall, September 9th.— Mag- 
 gioli, 500— 5.68— 73; Miller, 354—36. 
 
 MAGGIOLI VS. BURLEIGH. Oddfellows' Hall, New Orleans, 
 December 9th.— B., 500—9.43—69; M., 365—33. 
 
 BURLEIGH VS. SHAW. Chicago, February 19, 1876. S., 
 500—8.62—67; B., 485—87. 
 
 As a changeful championship, this has always stood unmatched. 
 No one man won two successive contests. 
 
 Gamier vs. Vignaux. Tammany Hall, April 28, 1875. — $500 a 
 side, c. b. G., 600—13.04—90; V., 258—33. 
 
 Garratt vs. Choate. Academy of Music, Cincinnati, July 29th.— - 
 $250 a side, c. b. G., 400—6.90—75; C, 304—27. 
 
 Anthony Kraker vs. Deery. Palace Amphitheatre, San Fran- 
 cisco, August 14th. — $1,000, c. b. K., 600 — 5.77 — 38; D., 598—48. 
 
 "The Gamier Tournament." Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
 November 15-22d. — For a purse of $3,000, presented by the late 
 George L. Lorillard through Albert Gamier; 300-point games. Ties 
 for third, fourth, and fifth prizes were not played off, the aggregate 
 $1,000 being divided equally. The tournament stands alone not 
 only because its winner's general average is surpassed by those of 
 four out of his six competitors, but also because his best single 
 average is lower than that of any other player who won one or more 
 games. Average of tournament (six games apiece), 9.81. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 J. Dion ($1,500 5 122 14.29 9.43 
 
 C. Dion ($1,000) 6 89 30. 10.78 
 
 A. Gamier ($333) 3 119 30. 11.13 
 
 G. F. Slosson ($333) 3 104 16.67 8.60 
 
 Wm. Sexton ($333) 3 136 15. 10.96 
 
 M.Daly 2 124 23.08 12.32 
 
 A. P.Rudolphe 67 6.75 
 
 Schaefer vs. A. Kraker. About this year, Schaefer played and 
 won a $500 match in Virginia City, N. T. (we think, having no record 
 but memory), averaging 12 or 12.50 in 500 or 600, which was high for 
 that region, high for himself, and high for his surroundings, un- 
 secreted pistols stimulating him to unusual efforts. 
 
250 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1§76. 
 
 Shaw vs. Carter. Adelphi Theatre, Toledo, January 7th. — $500, 
 4*x9, c. b. S., 500—15.13—108; C., 311—89. 
 
 Rudolphe vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, January 20th. — ■ 
 $500, 5x10, R. giving odds of 150. R., 600—13.04—68; D., 426— 
 44. This match came of a billiard-room encounter between the 
 pair in N. Y. City, Daniels receiving odds then, also, and losing. 
 
 Sexton vs. Slosson. Tammany Hall, X. Y. City, January 27th. — 
 $1,000. Sexton, 600—15.38—73; Slosson, 482—110. It was this 
 match, with its high winning average, that determined the choice of 
 Sexton over Slosson to go to Paris as challenger of Vignaux to the 
 last game for the first world's championship, which see under 1873. 
 
 Schaefer's First Public Match in the East. Ford's Opera-house, 
 Washington, D. C, April 26th. — Announced as for $2,500 a side. 
 Lewis Shaw, 600—10.72—69; Jacob Schaefer, 547—76. It was 
 because of Shaw's victory that he, instead of Schaefer, was admitted 
 to the Centennial Tournament of May following. 
 
 Centennial Tournament. Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, May 
 15-27th. — 300-point games. This tournament took its rise in a 
 purse of SI, 000 proffered by Frank Queen, editor of the New York 
 Clipper, to whichever billiard manufacturer should add most. 
 H. W. Collender added $4,000. J. Dion, Daly, and Rudolphe 
 played off their ties in Irving Hall, this city, June 5, 6, 7, with the 
 results shown here in apportioning the prizes. Nine games apiece. 
 Average of tournament, 10.07. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Wra. Sexton ($2,000) 8 287* 60.* 14.73* 
 
 A. Gamier (SI, 200) 7 176 37.50 13.78 
 
 G. F. Slosson ($800) 6 103 21.43 13.48 
 
 J. Dion ($600) 5 106 50. 14.26 
 
 If. Daly (S400) 5 153 23.08 13.04 
 
 A. P. Rudolphe 5 175 23.08 12.66 
 
 J. Bessunger 4 91 12.50 7.83 
 
 C.Dion 3 86 15.79 8.72 
 
 L. Shaw , 1 62 6.98 7.26 
 
 M.Foster. x 79 6.38 7.29 
 
 ♦Beating record — Daly's 212, Gamier and C. Dion's 30 and Daly's 12.32. 
 
 The runs of 251 and 287 by Sexton were the first public exhibitions of 
 straightforward railing (term shortened to "straight rail"). Before that, 
 players hugged the rail, or cushion, by close nursing, not going far forward, 
 and especially aiming to keep near a corner. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 251 
 
 First of Long Games in Tournaments. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
 June 8-16th. — $1,500 in prize-money, 600-point games, one a night, 
 instead of two short ones. In playing off ties, Rudolphe averaged 
 25 and ran 127 against Sexton, while Slosson against Gamier ran 
 311, thus beating record, which was Sexton's 287. Average of 
 tournament was the high one of 15.88. Garnier's 17.84 eclipsed the 
 general-average record, which was Sexton's 14.73. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Rudolphe 2 102 21.43 16.71 
 
 Sexton 2 125 20. 14.56 
 
 Gamier 1 121 22.22 17.84 
 
 Slosson 1 152 20.81* 14.66 
 
 ♦Either losing average or error. 
 
 Daly vs. 0. Dion. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, June 12-1 5th. — 
 Five nights for $200 a side, c. b. Dion, 2000—12.99—121; Daly, 
 1141—128. 
 
 The Only First-class Tournament in California. Piatt's Hall, 
 San Francisco, July 31st to August 4th. — 600-point games for an- 
 nounced $3,000 in prize-money. Average of tournament, 17.44. 
 Ties not played off. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Gamier 2 139 21.43 15.47 
 
 Sexton 2 120 19.35 16.16 
 
 Slosson 2 230 20. 18.80 
 
 Daly 184 14.29 
 
 Slosson's general average of 18.80 surpasses Garnier's New York 
 record of 17.84. The two tournaments themselves were record- 
 beaters for coincidences. They were the first with long games at 
 three-ball caroms, 600 points in each, and neither came anywhere 
 near paying expenses. The single averages of the winners-in-chief 
 in the two cities were precisely the same (21 .43) in exactly the same 
 number of games. Finally, the player who had made the highest 
 single average in New York made the highest in San Francisco also, 
 
 Daly vs. Slosson. August 12, same hall and c. b. game as fore- 
 going.— $500 a side. D., 600—13.95—153; S., 364—47. 
 
 Louisiana Championship. No record of tournament, if there 
 was one. A change seemingly made to 5x10 table. 
 
252 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 New Orleans, June 6th, first match, stake S50 a side. Louis 
 Abrams, already champion, 300 to Chas. Quaid's 143, winner's 
 average and best run being 8.33 and 50. 
 
 August 4th, Abrams, 300—5.88—55; John Miller's total, 249. 
 
 October 4th, Henry Miller, 300—6—63; Abrams, 244—23. 
 
 December 4th, Maggioli, 300—10.71—58; H. Miller, 253—61. 
 
 This was the sixth match, and seems to have been the last. 
 
 Schaefer's First Tournament. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
 November 20-28th. — Four money-prizes, aggregating $1,500, 300- 
 point games on the usual 5x10, but with 2 5-16 balls. Slosson having 
 gone South, but one tie game was played, and that, increased to 600 
 points, was won by J. Dion, who also received the special prize (a 
 billiard-table) for best general average. Six games apiece, averaging 
 9.30, a drop due less to lesser runs on balls together than to missing 
 on smaller balls far apart. 
 
 W. R. 
 
 J. Dion 4 195 
 
 Rudolphe 4 134 
 
 Slosson 4 122 
 
 Gamier 3 181 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 17.65 10.94 
 21.43 10.04 
 16.70* 9.73 
 16.67 8.71 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Daly 2 123 
 
 C.Dion 2 136 
 
 Schaefer 2 155 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 11.54 9.34 
 13.67* 8.79 
 12.50 7.60 
 
 * Losing averages. 
 
 First Public Handicap Tourney at Game. Begun in Academy of 
 Music, Cleveland, O., December 27th. — A Honing (275), $250; f. J. 
 Gallagher (350), $200; J. Randolph Heiser (275\ $150; Eugene 
 Carter (300), $100. J. A. Thatcher (275) was the other competitor. 
 
 1877. 
 
 Sexton vs. Slosson. Globe Theatre, New Orleans, January 5th, 
 6th, 7th.— 5x10, c. b., $200 a side. Sexton, 1800—24.32—417; 
 Slosson, 976 — 172. Winner's run and average surpassed previous 
 records. 
 
 Schaefer's Second Tournament. Mechanics' Hall, Utica, N. Y., 
 beginning March 20th. — 300-point games, c. b. John Bessunger, 
 $400, in addition to a gold-mounted cue for best general average; 
 T. J. Gallagher (beaten by Bessunger in play-off), $250; Win. Bur- 
 leigh, $150; Jacob Schaefer, $125; and Eugene Carter (beat Chas. 
 Knight in play-off), $75. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 253 
 
 1§7§. 
 
 Four First-place Ties Out of Seven Players. Championship of 
 Chicago, January 7th to February 4th. — 300-point games. Henry 
 Rhines ($150), Frank Parker ($100), Albert Hoa ($50), and M. 
 Honahan ($25) had to play off, result being as given above. Peter 
 Snyder, Ben Saylor, and Chas. P. Miller were the remaining con- 
 testants. 
 
 RHINES VS. PARKER. Same city, April 11th.— Championship 
 and $200. Parker, 500—4.95—65 ; R., 449—36. 
 
 First First-class Tourney in New Orleans. January 10-19th, 
 c. b., for $1,000 in prizes. Ties resulted in the precedence here 
 given. Sexton topped Slosson's San Francisco general average. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Sexton 4 297 30. 22.37 
 
 Slosson 2 173 23.08 16.80 
 
 Rudolphe 2 134 24. 15.07 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 M. Daly 1 136 20. 15.07 
 
 C. Dion 1 145 19.35 13.91 
 
 Average of tournament, 17.25. 
 
 Sexton vs. C. Dion. St. Charles Theatre, New Orleans, Feb- 
 ruary 5th. — $2,000 a side, c. b., Sexton giving odds of 200. S., 
 1000—27.78—228; Dion, 765 (with odds)— 94. 
 
 Indiana Championship. Washington Hall, March 18-23d. — 
 Probably a 4^x9 table, c. b. P. A. Byers, gold badge and a Bruns- 
 wick-Balke billiard-table; J. Randolph Heiser, $100; Henry Bussey, 
 $60; and Jacob Garratt, $40. The best run (116) was made by 
 Bussey, and the best single average (30) by Heiser. The other com- 
 petitors were Geo. Morris, J. R. Seaman, A. Hawkins, and C. E. 
 Carney. 
 
 Challenged by Bussey and receiving forfeit on May 23d, Byers 
 resigned the championship emblem to the State Association. 
 
 St. Louis Handicap. Chas. E. Mussey's Room, March 21-28th. — 
 600 points up, c. b., for money-prizes aggregating $400. G. F. 
 Slosson, C. Dion and J. Schaefer were at "scratch/' T. J. Gallagher 
 received 10 per cent., and Wayman C. McCreery 20 per cent . Schaefer 
 beat Dion, Slosson beat Schaefer, McCreery beat Slosson, and Gal- 
 lagher beat McCreery. In beating Dion in the play-off, Schaefer 
 ran 429, eclipsing Sexton's match-run of 417. (This led to the match 
 
254 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 next below.) Average of tournament proper, 14.79 (four games 
 apiece). 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Schaefer(.$200)... 3 327 66.67 27.97 
 
 C.Dion ($125)... . 3 194 13.04 12.27 
 
 Slosson($75) 2 288 37.50 14.25 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Gallagher ... 1 182 19.35 12.73 
 McCreery ... 1 88 17.78 12.38 
 
 Schaefer Forfeits to Sexton. Match of three games, 1000 points 
 each in New York, Chicago and St. Louis, for $2,000 a side, highest 
 aggregate score to decide. Schaefer side incurred forfeit through 
 failure to make the final deposit, July 3d. 
 
 First 1000 Points in a Night. Three-ball. Turner's Hall, 
 Chicago, November 20th.— $500 a side. Slosson, 1000—25.64— 
 293; Schaefer, 739—217. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Second Championship of the World. Cooper Institute, N. Y. 
 City, January 23d to February 10th. — Tournament for the J. M. 
 Brunswick & Balke Co.'s emblem and $2,100 in cash, 600-point 
 games. Slosson had the highest run by 19 per cent., and the best 
 general average by 25 per cent.; but it was against him that Daly 
 made the best run of his life, and his defeat of Slosson placed the 
 latter in a position from which he could extricate himself only by 
 vanquishing Schaefer twice. Instead, Schaefer beat him at once 
 (600 to 571 in seven innings), after it had seemed almost certain that 
 Slosson would win in five or six innings, and by about 600 to 200. 
 There was only one play-off, Sexton beating Daly. The seven games 
 apiece averaged 16.10, which, while lower than the figures of earlier 
 tournaments, was yet higher than the general averages of all the 
 contestants in this one but Slosson, Schaefer, and Daly. Only half 
 the single averages in the appended table, viz., those of Schaefer, 
 Daly, Gallagher, and Rudolphe, are winning ones. This proved to 
 be the last tournament at the regular three-ball game to command 
 the presence of first-class experts in America. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Schaefer ($1,000) 7 376 85.71 28.19 
 
 Slosson ($600) 5 464 81.57 37.60 
 
 Sexton ($300) 4 214 45. 14.86 
 
 Daly ($200) 4 370 30. 18.76 
 
 Gamier '. . 3 220 36.75 14.67 
 
 Gallagher 3 187 20. 13.89 
 
 Rudolphe 1 159 15. 10.52 
 
 Heiser 1 158 12.26 8.44 
 
 There was but one match for this championship, together with a 
 money-stake of $1,000 a side. It occurred in McCormack's Hall. 
 Chicago, May 15th. Schaefer, 1000—333.33—690; Slosson, 44—21. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 
 
 255 
 
 Last First-class Professional Tournament. It was also the first 
 tournament in France. Cercle Internationale, Paris, May 5-1 Oth. — 
 Games 600 up, on a J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.'s 5x10 carom, for 
 a championship emblem and other prizes. Triple tie not played off. 
 
 
 V, 
 
 P. 
 
 D. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gen. 
 average 
 
 M. Vignaux 
 
 
 600 
 
 23.08 
 
 183 
 
 600 
 46.15 
 308 
 
 600 
 
 25 
 
 184 
 
 24.05 
 
 
 
 X,. Piot 
 
 308 
 
 
 600 
 
 18.18 
 
 93 
 
 288 
 
 13.90 
 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 
 M. Daly 
 
 270 
 
 555 
 
 
 600 
 
 27.27 
 
 155 
 
 19.78 
 
 
 73 
 
 182 
 
 
 A. Gamier .... 
 
 413 
 
 600 
 
 22.22 
 
 184 
 
 392 
 
 
 22.46 
 
 
 115 
 
 71 
 
 
 Last First-class Professional Match in America. Madison Square 
 Garden, N. Y. City, October 23-25th.— 1000 points nightly, $2,000 a 
 side. Schaefer, 3000—41.62—427; Slosson, 2604—365. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Last First-class Match Anywhere. Salle Cremorne, Paris, 
 April 10-14th.— $500 a side. Vignaux, 4000—80—1531; Slosson, 
 3118—1103. 
 
 Championship of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, beginning Decem- 
 ber 4th. — Games, 300 up. Ed. McLaughlin, E. H. Nelms, V. Estephe 
 and Wm. M. Dodds prize-winners. 
 
 B.-B.-C. Co.'s First Tournament on Pacific Coast. San Francisco. 
 Cal., about 1880-81. — To write from memory, it was won by W. J. 
 Lowry, one of whose strongest competitors was an Eastern amateur, 
 who was persuaded into participating while on a visit to that city/ 
 
 Spotting at Fifty. C. E. Mussey's Room, St. Louis, March 
 20-27th, five days' play, Wayman C. McCreery giving the odds, 
 
256 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 for $100 a side, of spotting at 50 to W. H. Cat ton's 60. McC, 3000; 
 C, 2771. 
 
 This method of repressing straight-rail nursing had been tested 
 in a six-handed handicap tournament at Mussey's in the prior 
 February, the winner being Louis Reed, who spotted at 50, Catton 
 (35) taking second prize, and Leon Magnus (50) the third. 
 
 1883. 
 
 St. Louis Handicap. Mussey's, February 3d to March 10th. — ■ 
 Seven entries, of whom Gallagher (650) and Catton (500) tied on 
 5 — 1 each, without playing off. Highest run and best winning average 
 were Gallagher's 332 and 46.44. 
 
 Championship of Pacific Coast and $500. Mechanics' Pavilion, 
 San Francisco, September 25-30th. — Ben Saylor, 2500—10.91 — 191; 
 J. F. B. McCreery, 1783—112. 
 
 Ed. McLaughlin vs. Randolph Heiser. Assembly Buildings, 
 Philadelphia, December 12th. — First of match of three games (see 
 Balkline and Champion's Game for the others) for $250 a side each. 
 McL., 1000—71.43—805 (finish); H., 134— run, 119. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Maggioli vs. Edward Dawson. Theatre, Mobile, Ala., July 8th. — 
 $500 a side, 4£x9. M., 1000—13.51—170; D., 789—148. 
 
 Maggioli vs. Harry Cole. Casino Hall, San Antonio, Tex., Octo- 
 ber 24-26th.— $500 a side, 4£x9. M., 3000—71.43—833; C, 2383— 
 854. They played in Galveston on January 4th, 1885, and Cole 
 won the $500 by 1000 to 254, averaging 66.67, and running 507. 
 
 First of 1500 Points a Night. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
 December 19-20th— $1,000 a side. W. H. Catton, 3000—31.58— 
 933; Edward McLaughlin, 2307 — 942. These are the largest runs 
 in this country in a stake game on a 5x10 table. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Ben Saylor vs. Lon Morris. San Francisco, April 22d. — $125 a 
 side, Morris discounting. S., 1000—27.77 — 101; Morris had 470 
 left-=rbest runs, 554 and 289. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 257 
 
 Eugene Carter vs. Harvey McKenna. Frasheim Hall, Cleveland, 
 O.. May 12-13th.— $1,000 a side, 5x10. C., 3000—26.79—289; 
 McK., 2288—417. 
 
 Championship of Dakota and $200. Mitchell, December 27th. 
 L. E. Stern defeated Max Shauer. 
 
 1§§6. 
 
 W. D. Emery vs. Lansing W. Perkins. Hershey's Music Hall, 
 Chicago, February 18th.— $500 a side. E., 800—7.16—87; P., 
 775—75. 
 
 Amateur Handicap Annuals. Maurice Daly's Assembly Rooms, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., March 20th. — Commencement of annual tourna- 
 ments for jeweled prizes. Eight contestants. Orville Oddie, Jr., 
 won the one-carat diamond stud, having incidentally made highest 
 run (75) and single winning average (12). In tournament of Novem- 
 ber 8th to 24th, he was awarded another diamond stud, winning 
 6 — 1, and again making highest run (130) and single average (18.18). 
 
 1§S7. 
 
 Amateur Match for $3,000. N. Y. Racquet Club, April 15-20th. — 
 300 points a night. Dr. G. L. Knapp, 1500 — 4.15 — 76; Alexander 
 Morten, 1383—52. 
 
 500 or No Count. Grand Rapids, Mich., May 21st — Game of 
 1000 points, $50 a side. McKenna, 1000; Wm. Burleigh, 143. 
 Numerically, this is the largest odds ever known to have been given 
 to one of Burleigh's speed. 
 
 First Amateur Championship of America. May 23-28th. — 
 N. Y. Racquet Club tournament for a silver tankard valued at $500. 
 Five games apiece, 300 points up. Messrs. Soule and Flannagan 
 represented Philadelphia. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Orville Oddie, Jr. 5 183 15.79 11.03 
 
 Alex. Morten . . 4 58 6.25 4.59 
 
 Dr.H. D.Jennings 3 98 5.66 4.26 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 J. E. Soule 3 57 6.38 4.43 
 
 C. T. Jones 1 58 5.08 3.78 
 
 L. A. Flannagan. 39 .... 
 
 One general average having been withheld, it is not possible to 
 figure out the average of tournament. 
 
258 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 McKenna vs. Fred Eames. Bumstead Hall, Boston, December 
 20-2 1st. — Game for a purse, McKenna to make 5000 before Eames 
 could score 500 altogether on either night. McK., 5000 — 416.67 — 
 2572 and 2121; E., 45—18. 
 
 18§§. 
 
 Second Amateur Championship of America. N. Y. Racquet Club, 
 May 14-19th. — First competition for the Townsend Cup, valued 
 at SI, 000, and to be won, consecutively or otherwise, in three annual 
 tournaments. Three games apiece, 300 points. Average of tourna- 
 ment, 4.90. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. I 
 
 Orville Oddie, Jr. 3 109 8.33 7.69 H.D.Jennings 
 C. Bainbridge ... 2 82 5.45 4.70 | Alex. Morten . 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 . 1 81 
 
 3.47 4.67 
 
 . 47 
 
 3.32 
 
 1§§9. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., Amateur Annual. Daly's Assembly Rooms, 
 February 4-14th. — Handicap tournament for diamonds, 5x10. 
 Arthur R. Townsend (scratch, 375), winning 3 — 1, won first prize 
 and also made highest single average (15), highest general average 
 (7.40), and highest run (116). Townsend was tied by Wm. Barnard 
 (375), but defeated him, in playing off for first and second, by 375 
 to 185. 
 
 Third Tourney for Amateur Championship of America. Second 
 and last for Townsend Cup. N. Y. Racquet Club, May 13-1 8th. 
 Average of tournament (four games apiece), 6.01. 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Av. G.A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Orville Oddie, Jr. 4 195 
 
 17.32 8.56 
 
 H. D. Jennings . 
 
 . 1 
 
 101 11.53 5.31 
 
 A. R. Townsend . 3 138 
 
 11.11 7.57 
 
 Andrew Miller . 
 
 . 
 
 42 4.07 
 
 R. J. Maginniss . . 2 94 
 
 11.53 5.68 
 
 
 
 
 May 12, 1900, a third annual competition having been found im- 
 practicable, the club committee awarded the Townsend Cup to Oddie. 
 
 Joseph Capron vs. John Donahue. Montreal, Can., September 
 18th. — $250 a side. Capron won by 500 to about 340, but loser 
 made best run (66). 
 
 Schaefer vs. McKenna. November. — Match for $2,500 a side, 
 even up. Death of Schaefer's wife caused his side to pay $500 for 
 postponement to January, and death of McKenna meanwhile ended 
 match. 
 
REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 259 
 
 1§90. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., Annual Amateur Handicap. Daly's Assembly 
 
 Rooms, March 10-22d. — Average of tournament (five games apiece), 
 
 5.10. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 A. R. Townsend (500) 4 257 17.24 9.83 
 
 Dr. H. D. Jennings (300) 3 91 8.57 4.73 
 
 Frank A. Keeney (300) 3 135 5.77 5.49 
 
 Herbert S. Haskell (500) 2 171 9.43 6.65 
 
 Wm. H. Barnard (350) 1 56 3.50 3. 
 
 George Moulton (275) 1 39 3.44 2.90 
 
 J. Schaefer vs. J. F. B. McCleery. San Francisco, May 29th, 30th, 
 31st. — $200 a side, 3000 points, Schaefer giving odds of discount, 
 4£x9, c. b. S., 3000 (winning score) — average, 751 in actual score 
 (3004)— run , 3000; McC., 15— run, 13. 
 
 P. C. Ives vs. McCleery. Same city, same table, a day or two 
 later, Ives conceding 1000 for a stake of $250 a side. Ives, 3000 — 
 176.46—982; McC., 1748—717. 
 
 Nothing could more fitly close the chronicle of regular three-ball 
 caroms than those McCleery matches. For other than amateurs 
 or rising professionals, the game had lacked approval ever since the 
 spring of 1879. Several of the contests after that were designed 
 chiefly to surpass the "run" and "average" records of one or two 
 professionals earlier in the wonder-working field ; and so lamentably 
 did the unrestricted game decline that first-class players, avoiding 
 one another to the neglect of championships, welcomed matches 
 with fourth or fifth-rate ones on 4^x9 tables. 
 
 Kerkau vs. McLaughlin. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, purse games. 
 August 16-21st. — McLaughlin, 6000— run, 1290; K., 4749, total. 
 Sept. 6-1 lth.— Kerkau, 6000— run, 1355; McL., 4520— run, 1349. 
 Averages in both were light for the high runs. 
 
 1905. 
 
 J. Ferd. Poggenburg vs. Wm. H. Duhy. Rooms of the Cherokee 
 Club, N. Y. City, February 26th. — Contest for the Victor Dowling 
 Championship Cup at "straight-rail," 4^x9 table. P., 150 — 9.44 
 — run not stated; D., 146 — run, 60 (highest of game). At the Lex- 
 ington Avenue Opera House, N. Y. City, April 30th, for same em- 
 blem: Ed. McLaughlin, 300—21.43—158; Wm. Duhy, 153—50. 
 Table, 4£x9. 
 
BEST PERFORMANCES, 
 
 Omitting Tables Larger or Smaller than the Standard 
 5x10 for this Game, as Offcially Decreed in 1873. 
 
 1 averages in championship matches. 
 333.33 in 1000— J. Schaefer, 1879. 
 28.57 in 600— Wm. Sexton, 1878. 
 
 RUNS in championship matches. 
 690 in 1000— J. Schaefer, 1879. 
 247 in 600— Wm. Sexton, 1877. 
 
 AVERAGES IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 85.71 in 600 points— J. Schaefer, 1879. 
 
 25.00 in 300 — J. Dion, 1874 (championship of America). 
 
 37.60 (gen. av. in 3947 points)— G. F. Slosson, 1879. 
 
 RUNS IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 464 in 600— G. F. Slosson, 1879. 
 
 159 in 300 — M. Vignaux, 1874 (championship of America). 
 
 AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 
 
 416.67 in 5000 — H. McKenna, 1887 (nominally a match, but actually a 
 purse game. Schaefer averaged 751 in 1890, running 3000, but the table 
 was a 4^x9^ 
 
 80.00 in 4000— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1880. 
 
 48.39 in 3000— W. H. Catton, 1884. 
 
 24.32 in 1800— W. Sexton, 1877. 
 
 71.57 in 1000— Ed. McLaughlin, 1883. 
 
 RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 
 
 1355 in 6000 — H. Kerkau, purse game, 1887. 
 
 2572 in 5000— H. McKenna, 1887 (see paragraph above). 
 
 1531 in 4000— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1880. 
 
 942 in 3000— Ed. McLaughlin, 1884. 
 
 417 in 1800— Wm. Sexton, 1877. 
 
 805 in 1000— Ed. McLaughlin, 1883. 
 
 212 in 600— M. Daly, 1874. 
 
 AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 66.67 in 600— J. Schaefer, 1878. 
 60.00 in 300— Wm. Sexton, 1876. 
 
 RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 287 in 300— Wm. Sexton, 1876. 
 
 327 in 600 — J. Schaefer, 1878. (S. ran 429 in tie-game, but it was outsidd 
 of tournament.) 
 
 260 
 
CHAMPION'S GAME. 
 
 All play was on a 5x10 carom, with 21 balls, and also with a 14x28-in. 
 line, except in last two public matches. 
 
 Abbreviations. — Player, 600 — 18.75 — 165; Player, 585 — 151 — signifies 
 winner's total, average, and high run, followed by loser's total and high run. 
 
 1879. 
 
 First Tournament at Restricted Three-ball Caroms. In the 
 
 Champion's Game, as originally played in public on the dates given 
 below, an oblique line was drawn near every corner. Its purpose 
 was to* make it harder to swing the balls ("turn the corner ") in the 
 progressive nursing process known as "straight rail." On the short 
 rail, this line ended 14 inches from the nearest corner, and on the 
 long rail 28 inches. Within any one of the four balks so formed, 
 only two successive shots could be wholly made; but, for it to 
 count, the second shot had to send at least one ball out. 
 
 Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, November 11 -24th. — Challenge em- 
 blem and $2,000. Games 300 points, except in playing off ties. 
 Sexton by 500 to 478, and Daly by 500 to 496, were winners of ties. 
 Average of tournament (seven games apiece), 10.58. 
 
 Sexton ($1,000) 
 Slosson ($500) . 
 Schaefer ($250) 
 Daly ($150) . . . 
 
 W. R. 
 6 112 
 6 107 
 5 122 
 3 123 
 
 Av. 
 27.27 
 25.00 
 23.08 
 18.75 
 
 G.A. 
 
 13.77 
 14.02 
 13.65 
 11.36 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 Gamier ($100) . . 3 147 16.67 10.19 
 
 Carter 2 103 11.11 9.54 
 
 Rudolphe 1 81 15.79 8.70 
 
 Heiser 113 .... 7.31 
 
 Money-stake in championship matches, $500 a side. All were 
 played in Tammany Hall. After his second victory over Schaefer^ 
 Slosson was never again challenged. v 
 
 SEXTON VS. SCHAEFER. January 10, 1880. 
 18.75—165; Sexton, 585—151. 
 
 April 22, 1880. 
 
 SCHAEFER VS. SEXTON. 
 14.63—141 ; Sexton, 523—75. 
 
 SCHAEFER VS. SLOSSON 
 30—236; Schaefer, 470—114. 
 
 SLOSSON VS. SCHAEFER. 
 33.33—138: Schaefer, 438—312. 
 
 Schaefer, 600— 
 Schaefer, 600— 
 June 19, 1880. Slosson, 600 — 
 
 October 4, 1880. Slosson, 600— 
 
 261 
 
262 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Carter vs. Gallagher. Union Square Rooms, N. Y. City, March 
 22d.— $500 a side. C., 600—10.17—140; G., 423—54. 
 
 Heiser vs. Carter. Same hall, March 26th. — $500 a side. H., 
 600—10.53—93; C., 566—149. 
 
 Vignaux vs. Slosson. Grand Hotel, Paris, December 20-24th.— ■? 
 $1,000 a side. V., 3000—29.70—214; S., 2961—273. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Slosson. Academy of Music, N. Y. City, April IV 
 15th.— $2,000. Schaefer, 4000—32.52—342; Slosson, 2780—252. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Longest Run Abroad. Grand Hotel, Paris, January 30th to 
 February 3d.— $1,000 a side. Slosson, 3000—37.97—398; Vignaux, 
 2553—394. 
 
 As the first victory of an American abroad in a public match, 
 this was commemorated by a dinner to Slosson at Delmonico's, 
 N. Y. City, on February 23d, by a professional testimonial to him 
 afterwards at the Columbian Room, not fhen his, and later by a purse 
 of $700, contributed in part by Charles A. Dana, Frank Queen, and 
 other journalistic patrons of billiards. [The winner maintains that 
 this game was played on 18x38 lines. — Ed.] 
 
 New Orleans Tournament. Miller's Room, March 27th to April 
 13th. — Games started at 400, but found too long, and reduced to 
 300 after first night. Maggioli, 5 — 0; Abrams and Coste, each 3 — 2, 
 Coste winning play-off; Oberlander and Zaehringer, each 2—3, 
 former winning play-off; and Bartley, — 5. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Longest Run in America. Madison Square Hall, N. Y. City, 
 February 14th. — $250 a side, last game of match (see Three-ball 
 Caroms and Balkline for others). Edward McLaughlin, 600 — 15.79 
 —206; J. R. Heiser, 552—351. 
 
CHAMPION'S GAME. 263 
 
 Handicap Tournament of Chicago Amateurs. Collender Billiard 
 Hall, beginning March 17th. — Messrs. Ed. Rein, Sawyer and Davis 
 played Champion's Game against Frank Rice and four others. Rein 
 won 6 — 1, and Rice and Davis 5 — 2 each, Rice also winning play-off. 
 Sawyer won fourth prize. 
 
 Line Increased from 14x28 to 18x38. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
 May 31st. — Second game of match of two (see Balkline Game for the 
 other), $500 a side each. Slosson, 800—28.54—236; Schaefer, 
 657 — 98. The 18x38 line was then first played in public in America, 
 but had been practiced in 1882-83, and on January 20, 1883, Slosson 
 challenged Schaefer to play it for $500 a side. 
 
 1§85. 
 
 Line Increased from 18x38 to 20x40. Same hall and stake as 
 foregoing about Feb. 2, Chicago. Schaefer, 800 — 16.67 — 78; Slosson, 
 589—97. 
 
 Making runs of 100 unlikely or impossible in public defeated the 
 purpose of the game, which was to restrict nursing without prohibit- 
 ing it, and at this stage this line system was abandoned. 
 
 BEST PERFORMANCES IN PUBLIC MATCHES. 
 
 AVERAGES AT 14x28. 
 
 33.33 in 600 (championship)— G. F. Slosson, 1880. 
 37.97 in 3000, Paris, France— G. F. Slosson, 1882. 
 32.52 in 4000— J. Schaefer, 1881. 
 
 RUNS AT 14x28. 
 
 312 (championship) — J. Schaefer, 1880. 
 
 351 (best in America) — J. R. Heiser, 1884. 
 
 398 (best anywhere) — G. F. Slosson, Paris, France, 1883. 
 
 AVERAGES AT 18x38. 
 
 28.54 in 800— G. F. Slosson, 1884. 
 
 run at 18x38. 
 236— G. F. Slosson, 1884. 
 
 AVERAGE AT 20x40. 
 
 16.67— J. Schaefer, 1885. 
 
 RUN AT 20x40. 
 
 97— G. F. Slosson, 1885. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 
 
 All play, unless otherwise stated, was with 2% balls on a 5x10 carom 
 table, and until 1885 on an 8-inch line. 
 
 Abbreviation's. — Such figures as 600 — 50. — 375 stand in that order for 
 total, average, and high run, the loser's average being omitted as not a 
 record. Those of 8.2, 14.2, 18.1, and 18.2 signify eight, fourteen, or eighteen- 
 inch line with either one or two shots or plays in balk, regardless of count. 
 
 1883. 
 
 First Public Contests. What is known simply as " Balkline n took 
 its name originally from the table's having a continuous line running 
 around it six inches from the cushion. This form, with three shots 
 in balk, was practiced by Rudolphe and the Dions in 1875, pronounced 
 too difficult, and never played in public. The intersecting short 
 lines near every corner were added early in 1883, and the main line 
 was then put eight inches from the cushion; and in this form, with 
 its eight balks and the two shots or one valid count therein, as de- 
 scribed for the Champion's Game, the " Balkline " was first played 
 publicly for the w T orld's championship in Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
 March 26th to April 6th. Of the seven contestants, Alonzo Morris 
 and Thomas Wallace w T ere graduated from a preliminary tournament 
 held at the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.'s warerooms, that city, 
 March 6— 13th. In addition to the challenge emblem, there were 
 money-prizes aggregating $3,000, and the tournament was akin to a 
 marvel in embodying so many as seven players without a single tie. 
 Average of the twenty-one games, 12.86. J. Dion's 17.71 and 
 Sexton's 16.58 were their best averages — not winning ones. During 
 Sexton's run of 170 the first glimpses in public were seen of w T hat, 
 in 1890, w*as dubbed u The Anchor." It had been played in private 
 at the regular three-ball game, but lacked favoring opportunities 
 at the Champion's Game, wmile at Balkline it was impossible until 
 the eight short lines were added near the corners. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Schaefer ($1,000) 6 220 40.00 23.23 
 Vignaux($800). 5 246 31.58 22.07 
 
 Daly ($500) 4 90 17.14 13.50 
 
 Sexton ($300) ... 3 170 16.58 10.88 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Morris (S200) ... 2 101 15. 10.84 
 
 J. Dion 1 101 15.71 10.36 
 
 Wallace 134 7.79 
 
 Matches were to have been 800 points for $500 a side, but none 
 was ever made, and in due time the emblem became Schaefer's to 
 keep. This was the second case of first-class championship tourna- 
 ment without ever a match. Nor was there a balkline championship 
 
 264 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 265 
 
 match until Slosson and Schaefer's in 1890, which was the first case 
 of first-class carom championship, either national or universal, 
 vithout a tournament. 
 
 Vignaux vs. Schaefer. At close of foregoing tournament these 
 experts played two games in public. The one in Hartford, Conn., 
 was at cushion caroms, and Schaefer won it. The other, played at 
 Academy of Music, N. Y. City, June 12th, was in all respects on 
 balkline championship terms, except that, as there was no challenge, 
 therefore there could not be a championship match. V., 800 (total) 
 —22.22 (winning average)— 106 (highest run); S., 644 (total)— 90 
 (highest run) . 
 
 First Balkline Match Abroad. Grand Caf6, Brussels, Belgium, 
 November 21-25th.— $500 a side, 4^x9 table. Gamier, 3000; Daly, 
 2839. Averages and runs not cabled. 
 
 Second game, Lyons, France, December 10-14th. — Same size of 
 table. Gamier, 3000—27.23—238; Daly, 2970—309. 
 
 Vignaux vs. Schaefer. Grand Hotel, Paris, November 26-30th. — 
 $1,000 a side. V., 3000—28.85—165; S., 2859—164. 
 
 Same place and terms, January 14-18, 1884. V., 3000—44.75— 
 329; S., 2869—201. 
 
 Vignaux vs. Rudolphe. Paris, December 10-14th. — Same terms 
 as last two games above. V., 3000; R., 1415. Runs and averages 
 not cabled. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Vignaux vs. Schaefer. See 1883, November 26-30th. 
 
 Championship of Connecticut and Western Massachusetts. 
 M. H. Hewins's Room, Hartford (except last game, which was played 
 in Allyn Hall), January 29th to February 15th. — Tournament at 
 " Space Game," a combination of Balkline and the oblique line of 
 the Champion's Game. L. A. Guillet, 5 — 0; Hewins, 4 — 1; H. 
 Behrens, J. A. Hendrick and C. T. Shean, 2 — 3 apiece; and J. Pletcher, 
 — 5. Play-off gave Behrens third money, and Shean fourth. A 
 gold watch was championship emblem. 
 
 Three matches followed, all played in Springfield, Mass., the home 
 of Guillet, who defeated Hewins by 500 to 286, received forfeit from 
 
266 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Behrens, and finally, December 30, 1885, defeated Behrens by 
 500 to 366. 
 
 Except as here set forth, the " Space Game n has never been played 
 in public. 
 
 McLaughlin vs. Heiser. Assembly Buildings, Phila., Jan. 17, 
 second of three different stvles of game, $250 a side apiece. McL., 
 600—10—64; H., 470—43*. (See Regular Three-ball and Cham- 
 pion's Game for the two other contests.) 
 
 Maggioli vs. John T. Moulds. New Orleans, February 28-29th, 
 March 1st. — Former gave odds of 25 per cent., for $500 a side, and 
 won by 1200 to 1153. Nothing of moment in runs or averages. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Slosson. Central Music Hall, Chicago, May 12th. — 
 S500 a side. Schaefer, 800—38.10—211; Slosson, 384—200. First 
 game of a match at two different styles (see Champion's Game, 1884, 
 for the other). 
 
 Later there were a few 8.2 matches between lesser experts; but 
 this was the last, of either match or tournament, between first-class 
 ones. 
 
 1§§5. 
 
 First Handicap Tournament. Starting early this year, there were 
 many handicap tournaments during that and the next half dozen 
 or more; but in only a half dozen of such tournaments was aught 
 accomplished worth recording. The one in Piatt's Hall, San Fran- 
 cisco, January 4-6th, this year, is cited first among the exceptional 
 six because of its having been the first at the game, the first tourna- 
 mental playing of it on a 4^x9 table, and the only instance of a 
 player's single averages being the same as his general average. 
 
 Entrance fee, $250, with $250 added by the B. B. C. Co. Three 
 games. 
 
 Hand. Run. Av. G. A. 
 
 Lon Morris ($750) 500 97 18.52 18.52 
 
 J. F. B. McCleery ($250) 300 77 7.89 9.11 
 
 Ben Saylor. 350 87 10.03 
 
 Morris's averaging 18.52 against both opponents necessarily made 
 his general average 18.52 also. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 267 
 
 Line Increased from 8.2 to 12.2. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
 January 26th. — $500 a side. Schaefer, 800 — 14.55 — 109; Slosson, 
 719—98. 
 
 Increased to 14.2. Philadelphia roomkeepers' championship 
 handicap tournament, begun March 2d. Ed McLaughlin, Wm. 
 Rockhill, and Pincus Levy won, 6 — 1 apiece, and Rockhill won 
 emblem and $100 in playing off, Levy taking second prize ($75), and 
 McLaughlin third ($50). 
 
 There were about a dozen match-contests for the trophy. Win- 
 ning it from Rockhill on May 28th, at odds of 300 to 200, McLaughlin 
 would have made it his own had not James Palmer, on May 25, 1886, 
 defeated him by 175 to 254 in a possible 300. Ed. Burris beat 
 Palmer on September 23, 1886, and others later at intervals, among 
 them McLaughlin twice (handicap 225 to 300), and finally became 
 owner of the emblem by defeating Pincus Levy, June 2, 1887, by 
 200 to 126 in a possible 150. What is worth recording here is not 
 in the play itself, but in the logic of the situation. That it was a 
 handicap championship necessarily made McLaughlin the champion 
 all along as the giver of the longest odds. 
 
 In December, 1890, at the Continental Hotel, the Philadelphia 
 roomkeepers engaged in another 14.2 handicap (John Cline, Ed. 
 Burris and Ed. McLaughlin first, second, and third on imposts of 
 225, 300, and 400 points), but avoided the championship con- 
 tradiction. 
 
 First Public Match at 14.2. Central Music Hall, Chicago, March 
 25th.— $250 a side. Capt. A. C. Anson, 500—5.43—39; Frank 
 Parker, 364—22. 
 
 Catton vs. Gallagher. Mercantile Library Hall, St. Louis, $500 a 
 side, 8.2. C, 800—10.67—74; G., 687—78. 
 
 First Strictly Public Tournament at 14.2. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
 April 20-29th\ — $2,250 added by the B. B. C. Co. to entrance fees of 
 $250 apiece and to net door-money equally divided among the five. 
 The approximate average of tournament, which instituted no 
 championship, was 11. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Slosson ($1,464.78) 4 148 22.73 18.18 
 
 Schaefer ($1,064.78) 3 97 18.52 15.08 
 
 Sexton ($864.78) 2 53 10. 7.97 
 
 Daly ($714.78) 1 51 8.95 7.99 
 
 J. Dion ($464.78) 52 7.24 
 
268 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 A 14.2 Tournament of Four Rounds. VIGNAUX, SCHAEFER 
 
 VXD SLOSSOX.— Central Music Hall, Chicago, twelve nights be- 
 tween November 16th and December 26th, both inclusive, for $2,950, 
 given by Chicago roomkeepers, and $1,000 by the B. B. C. Co., with 
 the net receipts added. No championship was involved. Inde- 
 pendent games of 600 points, every player playing every other twice, 
 constituted the first two rounds, or tournament proper, and 800-point 
 games, every man playing every other twice, constituted the re- 
 maining rounds, which were to determine the triple tie of November 
 16-21st, duplicated December 21-23d. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Slosson 2 89 19.36 18.85 
 
 Vignaux 2 195 75. 25.64 
 
 Schaefer 2 152 23.08 19.47 
 
 After this tie, the three proposed to divide all, and did divide all 
 but the $1,000 of the B. B. C. Co., which required them to play to a 
 finish. The next round was also a tie, but in the final one Schaefer 
 beat both, and Vignaux beat Slosson. Nothing of moment sig- 
 nalized the six extra games, save that Schaefer lengthened his high 
 run to 187, that Slosson reached 159, and that Vignaux fell from a 
 winning average of 75 to 22.22, and then to 13.11. 
 
 1§86. 
 
 [All play now 14.2 on a 5x10, unless otherwise stated.] 
 Schaefer vs. Vignaux. Cosmopolitan Hall, N. Y. Citv, January 
 
 26-30th.— $2,500 a side. S., 3000—20.97—180; V., 2838—143. 
 Same hall, March 9-13th.— $1,000 a side. S., 3000—25.86—230; 
 
 V., 1855—149. 
 
 Gallagher vs. Carter. B. B. C. Co.'s Warerooms, Chicago, March 
 9th.— $250 a side. G., 500—9.61—41; C, 381—37. 
 
 McLaughlin vs. Heiser. Cosmopolitan Hall, N. Y. City, March 
 8th. — $500 a side, home-and-home. McL., 500 — 7.35 — 51; H. t 
 435 — 65. Return game, Assembly Buildings, Philadelphia, March 
 19th. H., 500—9.61—55; McL., 429 — 48. 
 
 Purse Game at 10.2. Allyn Hall, Hartford, Conn., December 
 20th. Sexton, 500—9.61—69; McKenna, 369—52. 
 
 An unexampled feature of the year was that three winners out of 
 four — Gallagher, Heiser, and Sexton — did 500 points in 52 innings 
 (or 9.61) in matches. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 269 
 
 1SS7. 
 
 Twelve Players Tied Out of Thirteen. St. Louis, January 3d to 
 February 17th. — Handicap for six prizes (aggregating $725) and a 
 challenge medal. Wayman C. McCreery did the handicapping, 
 E. Carter and T. J. Gallagher bemg high at 300 each. There were 
 two ties of four each, and two of two each, W. H. Catton, sixth from 
 both top and bottom with his 6 — 6, being the only one who escaped. 
 Among amateurs, Chicago has since surpassed this in the striking 
 particular that all five contestants tied alike, every one winning and 
 losing two games of a tournament held in the late Henry Rhines's 
 room. 
 
 In playing ofT for from first to fourth in St. Louis, Frank Day and 
 John Thatcher tied again for first and second, and Gallagher and 
 Maggioli for third and fourth. Thatcher beat Day, and Maggioli 
 lost to Gallagher. Carter, who, with 5 — 7, was among the other 
 tieing four, made the highest single average (18.75) by 50 per cent., 
 and was the only one who ran triple figures (101), Maggioli coming 
 next with 78, Gallagher with 69, and Catton with 68. The regular 
 games numbered 78. 
 
 McLaughlin vs. Heiser. Natatorium Hall, Philadelphia, Feb- 
 ruary 24-26th.— $250 a side. McL., 1500—5.60 — 46; H., 1064 
 — 45. 
 
 Daly's Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, March 15-1 7th. — Return 
 game, $250 a side. H., 1500—7.81 — 55; McL., 1258—60. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Slosson. Central Music Hall, Chicago, April 12th.- 
 $500 a side. Schaefer, 800—17.78—126; Slosson, 639—135. 
 
 1S§§. 
 
 Connecticut Championship at 8.2 on a 4^x9. M. H. Hewins' 
 Rooms, Hartford, January 17th to February 6th. — Tournament of 
 250-point games. Fred Hawks, 5 — 0, first prize; J. A. Hendrick, 
 4 — 1, second prize, and also prize for high run (36); W. G. White, 
 2 — 3, third prize, having beaten R. W. Kellogg in play-off. 
 
 Same room, game, and table, April 9th. — Match for championship. 
 Hawks, 300—4.55—27; John H. Kingsbury, 217—7. 
 
 The championship emblem was a billiard-table, to be defended 
 fifteen months. 
 
270 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 First 14.2 Tournament in France. Played on a B. B. C. Co.'s 
 5x10 table at Vignaux's Academy, Paris, March 19-28th. — Con- 
 testants at various handicaps, Messrs. Vignaux (3 — 1), Piot, Fournil, 
 and Leuiller (2 — 2 apiece), and Gay (1 — 3). 
 
 Slosson Defeats Schaefer. St. Paul, Minn., October — , 14. 2, 
 purse game, $250, given by the B. B. C. Co. No data as to totals, 
 runs or averages. 
 
 First Championship of Shortstops. Madison Street Theatre, 
 Chicago, November 26th to December 8th. — 200-point games. 
 Carter, who won 7 — in games and $254.80 in money, made 
 highest run, single average and general average (87 — 13.33 — 9.33). 
 Catton and Gallagher tied for second and third, and divided $302.80, 
 and Maggioli and John T. Moulds, tieing for fourth, divided $64.60. 
 The other contestants were Frank C. Ives (2^5), Wm. F. Hatley 
 (2 — 5), and Henry Rhines (1 — 6). In December, 1889, Ives chal- 
 lenged Carter, who, intending to go to Paris, declined to defend 
 the emblem. There was never a match-contest for the emblem, 
 Ives holding it the required time without challenge. After Car- 
 ter's return from Europe, there was a second tournament for the 
 shortstop championship (see 1891). 
 
 18§9. 
 
 New England Championship at 10.2 on 4^x9. J. J. Murphy's Hub 
 Palace, Boston, ending December 18th. — Eight in. Fred Eames 
 first, Moses Yatter second, Chas. F. Campbell third. (See February 
 16-26, 1891, for their being 1 — 2 — 3 also for another 10.2 champion- 
 ship.) 
 
 1890. 
 
 Maggioli vs. Hatley. Madison Street Theatre, Chicago, Jan- 
 uary 23d. — Match for $250 a side and the championship of Western 
 players below first grade. M., 500—9.26—71 ; H., 327—28. 
 
 Old Line Against New. Chickering Hall, N. Y. City, February 
 20th to March 1st. — First appearance of Ives and Catton in the 
 East. To six entrances of $250 apiece, the B. B. C. Co. added $2,500. 
 Games 500 up, Slosson and Schaefer playing 14.2 against the 8.2 of 
 the others, three of whom divided third, fourth, and fifth prizes. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 
 
 271 
 
 As professionals of mark have never publicly repeated this ex- 
 periment of line against line, averaging this tournament in its entirety 
 would be worthless for comparison. Average of the four 8.2 players, 
 13.17; of the two 14.2, 17.63. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 Slosson ($1,600). 
 
 5 
 
 136 
 
 26.32 
 
 17.36 
 
 Catton ($400) 2 
 
 95 
 
 15.13 11.31 
 
 Schaefer ($1,200). 
 
 4 
 
 168 
 
 26.32 
 
 17.93 
 
 Ives ($400) . . 2 
 
 105 
 
 25. 17.80 
 
 Daly ($400) 
 
 2 
 
 118 
 
 20.83 
 
 13.52 
 
 Heiser 
 
 141 
 
 10.90 
 
 Going to Chicago, the same players contended in Central Music 
 Hall, April 5-1 2th for a like amount of money, but handicapped 
 in points, all at 14.2. In place of $400 thrice, now read Slosson, 
 $800; Catton, $400. Average of tournament, 12.48. 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Schaefer (500) ... 5 200 
 
 Ives (275) 4 97 
 
 Slosson (500) 3 178 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 38.46 25.00 
 25.00 13.12 
 25. 20.18 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Catton (250) . 2 74 9.26 8.33 
 
 Heiser (250) . 1 52 6.25 5.67 
 
 Daly (300) . . 62 6.96 
 
 Maggioli vs. Ives. Madison Street Theatre, Chicago, April 16th. — 
 $250 a side. M., 500—15.15—121 ; I., 440—73. 
 
 match, Lenox Lyceum, 
 800—23.53—155; Slosson, 
 
 First World's Championship at 14.2. Instituted without the 
 formality of a tournament in a match-contest at Chickering Hall, 
 N. Y. City, December 1st. — Stake, $500 a side in money and a silver 
 Challenge Cup presented by the B. B. C. Co. Schaefer, 800 — 19.51 — 
 128; Slosson, 609—60. 
 
 SCHAEFER VS. CARTER. Second match, same terms, Central 
 Music Hall, Chicago, May 6, 1891.— S., 800—21.05—104; C, 481 
 —111. 
 
 SCHAEFER VS. SLOSSON. Thirl 
 N. Y. City, January 22, 1892.— Schaefer, 
 592 119 
 
 SCHAEFER BEATEN BY IVES. Fourth match, Central 
 Music Hall, Chicago, March 19, 1892.— I., 800—16.33—95; S., 
 499—45. 
 
 IVES VS. SLOSSON. Fifth match and last contest, same place as 
 above, May 21, 1892.— I., 800—26.67—124; S., 488—120. 
 
 First Reversion of an Emblem to Donors. For their failure to 
 play the sixth match in Paris, where it was made in 1892 by Ives 
 and Schaefer, the official stakeholders declared match off. Challenge 
 Cup reverting to donors under the rules. 
 
272 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1*91. 
 
 Second New England Championship at 10.2. J. J. Murphy's 
 Hub Palace. Boston, Feb. 16-26, tournament for challenge emblem 
 valued at $100 and S320 in money, 250 points on 4£x9. Eames, 
 Yatter, and Campbell were again 1 — 2 — 3, but this time against T. 
 R. Bullock (fourth money) and Wm. Gilman. Eames lost not a 
 game and made best single average, run, and general average — 10.87 
 —55—7.58. 
 
 Second Shortstop Championship. B. B. C. Co.'s Warerooms, 
 Chicago, February 10-27th. — Games, 400 points. Average of 
 tournament, 9.86. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Maggioli 3 76 9.09 8.18 
 
 Hatley 3 60 12.12 9.30 
 
 Jos. Capron . . . . 2 54 10.33 7.26 
 
 L. Shaw . . 54 6.15 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Carter 7 116 30.77 15.55 
 
 Ives 6 116 44.44 19.38 
 
 Catton 4 83 21.05 10.55 
 
 McLaughlin ... 3 109 14.29 9.34 
 
 Either Capron's is a losing average or the figures are an error for 
 13.33, a winning one. 
 
 CARTER VS. IVES. Central Music Mall, Chicago, April 29th.— 
 Only match contest. I., 500—9.43—70; C, 478—72. 
 
 Again 10.2 on a 4^x9. L~nion Hall, Providence, R. L, March 
 10-14th.— C. F. Campbell, 2—1; Eames, 2—1; Bullock, 1—2; and 
 Moses Yatter, 1 — 2. Campbell won in play-off. Eames made best 
 single average and run — 9.68 and 66. 
 
 First Balkline Amateur Tournament in the East. Daly's Assem- 
 bly Rooms, Brooklyn, March 9-20th. — 8.2 on 4^x9, handicap. Won 
 by Samuel Ehrlich (165). Best averages, single and general (6.43 
 and 5.70), by Wm. Barnard, who carried the top weight (225), and 
 best run (76) by Dr. H. D. Jennings, who was next in weight (200). 
 
 Eastern amateurs last played 8.2 in formal contest on February 
 2 and March 4, 1893, in Brooklyn, Frank A. Keeney scoring 300 
 to Dr. Jennings 189 first, and 300 to his 212 next. 
 
 Championship of Pennsylvania. Pittsburg, March 16-21st. — 
 Challenge emblem and money-prizes aggregating $800. Average of 
 tournament, 4.22. 
 
 
 w. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G. A. 
 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G. A. 
 
 McLaughlin . 
 
 . . 5 
 
 64 
 
 9.09 
 
 6.23 
 
 Boschert . . 
 
 ... 2 25 
 
 5.17 
 
 3.83 
 
 Dodds 
 
 . . 4 
 
 31 
 
 4.84 
 
 4.25 
 
 Walker 
 
 ... 1 29 
 
 4.23 
 
 3.94 
 
 Burris 
 
 . . 3 
 
 45 
 
 6.84 
 
 4.95 
 
 J. Cline . . . . 
 
 ... 31 
 
 
 3.71 
 
 Stake in matches, S300. Challenged by Dodds, McLaughlin won 
 in Philadelphia, May 4th, by 400 to 181. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 273 
 
 Twelve and a Half Line on 4£x9. B'nai B'rith Hall, San Fran- 
 oisco, April 23d. — J. F. B. McCleery and B. Savior began a tourna- 
 ment at 12^.2 for championship of the Pacific Coast. Result of 
 first game is all that ever reached the Atlantic. S., 400 — 12.12 — 
 73; McC, 221 — 41. W. A. Spinks was the other entry. 
 
 Slosson vs. Schaefer. N. Y. City, October 26th. — $500 a side. 
 Slosson, 800—22.22—173; Schaefer, 392—48. 
 
 Ives vs. Carter. Milwaukee, Wis., October 28th. — Consideration 
 not known. As it was played out of the bailiwick of both, it was 
 probably a purse game. I., 600—30—133; C, 183 (total). 
 
 1*92 
 
 lpionship ma 
 tion of later inaction 
 
 [See 1890 for championship matches in this year, together with explana- 
 
 Vignaux vs. Schaefer. Paris, France, December 21-22d. — $500 
 a side. V., 1200; S., 982. Runs and averages not cabled. 
 
 1§93. 
 
 First Known 14.2 Tournament of Amateurs. G. F. Slosson's 
 Room, N. Y. City, 1893. Byron Stark first, Dr. A. B. Miller second, 
 and Dr. A. L. Ranney third. 
 
 But at Daly's, Brooklyn, December 23, 1886, two amateurs had 
 played a match at 12.2. Orville Oddie, Jr., who won, gave odds of 
 100. Winner, 400—4.40—18; loser, 338—21. 
 
 Sutton's Caromic Beginnings in Public. Toronto, Can., cham- 
 pionship of Canada and $500. George Sutton, 500; Joseph W. 
 Capron, 459. ''January 27th, $500, the former ball-pool player beat 
 Capron at regular three-ball game by 700 to 266.) 
 
 Gait, Ont., March 28th. — Championship and same stake. C, 
 500; S., 306. 
 
 Gait, Ont., April 20th. — Championship and same stake. S., 
 500; C, 408. 
 
 In January, 1894, S. forfeited championship to C. 
 
 Half in Toronto and half in Gait, March 29-30, 1894.— Fourth 
 time for championship and $500. C, 1000; S., 830. 
 
274 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 April, 1894, Montreal, C. played M. Thomas for championship and 
 $500. C, 500; T., 415. 
 
 December, 1894, Montreal, C. again encountered Sutton, but now 
 in a tournament in which he had to play off with Spark B. Watson 
 to get first prize, Sutton being third, Thomas fourth, and W. Jakes 
 fifth. 
 
 Championship of Canada at 14.2. See Sutton, above. 
 
 Capron vs. Ed. M. Helm. Chicago, July 7, 1893. — $200. C, 
 400; H., 246. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Ives. Chicago, November 21-25, 1893. — $2,000 "a 
 side. Schaefer, 4000—27.21—343; I., 3955—456. When last 
 night's play began, winner had 1305 to go to Ives's 800. Run of 
 456 chiefly by anchor, due to the Ives-Roberts London match in 
 prior spring. 
 
 Second Tournament of Doubled Games. Madison Square Garden 
 Concert Hall, N. Y. City, December 11-1 6th. — $600 entrance fee 
 apiece, winner to take 50 per cent, of it and of the net receipts, 
 second and third taking 30 and 20. Schaefer first — average, 100 
 — run, 566 (against Ives in final game); Ives, second, 50 — 141; 
 Slosson, third, 41.67 — 164. Schaefer's 566 was nearly all anchor 
 across short line ending at left-lower cushion. 
 
 Going to Chicago, the three played January 8-13, 1894, in Central 
 Music Hall, ending in a tie (not played off) between Schaefer and 
 Ives, who had anchored up to 487 and equaled the Schaefer average 
 in New York. Slosson won no game. After the others had each 
 beaten him once, anchor was barred, and neither first nor second 
 class players have ever revived it, eyes like Ives's and Schaefer's 
 being scarce. 
 
 Next to Cincinnati, February l-3d, and there, playing but once 
 around for $1,500, Ives was first — general average, 28.60 — run, 163; 
 Schaefer, second — general average, 21.52 — run, 74; and Slosson 
 third — general average, 17.36 — run, 97. 
 
 Next to Boston, February 8-1 0th. — Same terms as in Cincinnati, 
 and this ended tour. Slosson first — general average, 23.50 — run, 
 163; Schaefer second — general average, 16 — run, 271; Ives third — 
 general average, 19 — run, 146. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 
 
 275 
 
 1*91. 
 
 Philadelphia Three-handed Handicap. March 19-24th. — Purse 
 of $300 added to entrance fees, Burris and Dodds, second and third, 
 playing 300 to the 400 of McLaughlin, first. 
 
 Boston Match at 4^x9 10.2. April ll-13th. — Eames, 1200; 
 Geo. R. Carter, 883. 
 
 Sexton vs. Heiser. N. Y. City, August 13-18th. — Opening of 
 Maurice Daly's Annex. Purse game. S., 1500; H., 1152. 
 
 Ives vs. Schaefer. Home-and-home match. November 12-1 7th 
 in New York, and in December 3-8th in Chicago. — $2,500 a side each 
 game. First: I., 3600—48.62—331; S., 3074—244= Second: I., 
 3600—41.38—359; S., 2831—217. This was the last stake-match 
 at 14.2 between stars of the first magnitude. 
 
 Gallagher vs. Fournil. Daly's, N. Y. City, beginning December 
 17th. — Purse game. Edouard Fournil, of Paris, France, gave odds of 
 50 per cent, and won by 3000 to 1421, actual score, the best run 
 being the winner's 176. A little later, Gallagher won with odds of 
 1800; G., 3000—14.65; F., 2289—27.91. 
 
 1895. 
 
 Sutton's First in Carom Tournament. Recital Hall, Chicago, 
 January 18-27th. — Shortstops at 14.2, anchor barred, $1,000 in 
 prizes. Order here is games won and lost, best average, general 
 average, and high run: Gallagher, 5 to — 28.58 — 19.80 — 104; Hatley, 
 3 to 2— 12.15— 11.— 93; Maggioli, 3 to 2—14.29—10.54—91; 
 McLaughlin, 2 to 3— 21.— 13.50— 114; Sutton, 1 to 4—13.80— 
 9.75—80; Capron, 1 to 4— 13.— 8.40 — 54. Hatley and Maggioli 
 divided second and third. Sutton beat McLaughlin only. 
 
 Amateur Championship of Illinois at 14.2. B. B. C. Co.'s Ware- 
 rooms, Chicago, 111., February, 300 points. With the exception of 
 the winner-in-chief's, which we have corrected, the averages — some 
 winning and others losing — are only roundly expressed, as they 
 appeared originally in a Chicago daily newspaper in 1895. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Ellison . 7 74 10. 7.81 
 
 Rice 6 59 9. 5.80 
 
 Kellogg 4 34 6.50 4.75 
 
 Nolan . 3 39 5. 3.60 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Goodwin 3 46 6. 4. 
 
 Adams 3 36 6.50 4.40 
 
 Rein 1 23 4. 3.20 
 
 Brown 44 4. 3. 
 
276 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 The emblem ultimately became the property of Clem E. Ellison 
 There was but one match-contest for it, and in that, against Mr. 
 Milburn at the rooms of the Chicago A. C, E. won on an average of 6. 
 
 W. A. Spinks vs. George Carter at 14.2. Boston, October 
 13-14th .— $100, 4^x9. S,, 900; C, 477. 
 
 Roomkeepers* 14.2 Tournament. Philadelphia, ending October 
 26th. — Order of finish: Burris, H. Cline, McCabe, J. Cline, and 
 Rhoads. 
 
 1896. 
 
 Shortstops in Chicago. Recital Hall, Jan. 18-27; game, 400 points, 
 14.2; prizes, $1,000. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 T. J. Gallagher. . 5 104 28.57 19.80 
 J. F. Maggioli. . . 3 91 14.29 10.60 
 Ed. McLaughlin . 2 114 21.05 13.53 
 
 Y 
 
 R. Av. G. A. 
 
 3 
 
 93 12.50 11. 
 
 1 
 
 86 13.79 9.75 
 
 1 
 
 54 13. 8 51 
 
 W. F. Hatley 
 Geo. Sutton . 
 Jos. Capron. . 
 
 Intercity and Interclub Amateur Tournament. The first was. 
 held at Maurice Daly's Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, in 1895, and 
 the second, held at his rooms in this city, January 13-27, 1896, is 
 given a place here because of its having embraced nearly all of those 
 who have since been busiest en amateur in and around Manhattan. 
 
 W. 
 
 A. R. Townsend (325) 4 
 
 J. Byron Stark (270) 9 
 
 Ed. W. Gardner (250) 6 
 
 F. A. Keenev (240) 6 
 
 Dr. A. B. Miller (240) 4 
 
 Dr. A. L. Rannev (240) 1 
 
 F. Poggenburg (210) 6 
 
 There were three other competitors — Messrs. Wm. Barnard, Dr. H. 
 
 D. Jennings, and Fred Oakes. The game was 14.2. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A 
 
 57 
 
 8.80 
 
 5.87 
 
 53 
 
 10.38 
 
 5.56 
 
 34 
 
 5.70 
 
 4.34 
 
 39 
 
 5.72 
 
 4.68 
 
 44 
 
 6.13 
 
 4.32 
 
 42 
 
 4.25 
 
 3.59 
 
 36 
 
 5.13 
 
 4. 
 
 First Tournament at 18.2. Madison Square Garden Concert Hall, 
 March 31st to April 5th, under the auspices of Ives and Daly. Two 
 shots in balk and five in anchor-box, instead of ten, as had latterly 
 been the practice at 14.2. Games, 600 points, all three contestants 
 playing twice around. Schaefer and Ives 3 — 1 each, but never 
 played off; Albert Gamier, — 4. Best winning averages, general 
 averages, and high runs: I., 50—36.48—200; S., 30—24.11—176; 
 Gamier, ..—9.99—36. 
 
 Repairing to Chicago, they next played the 
 
 First Tournament at 18.1. 
 Central Music Hall, May 18-23d. — Only one shot either in anchor 
 or in balk. Playing twice around, Schaefer and Ives 500 to Garnier's 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 
 
 277 
 
 300 G. first, I second. Best single, best general, and highest run: 
 G., 12—9.60—53; I., 19.58 (losing)— 16.58— 103; S., 17.56 (losing)— 
 12.70—111. 
 
 In Boston their tour ended. See Cushion Caroms. 
 
 Temporary Revival of 14.2 by Stars, Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
 April 18th. — Four-handed. Daly and Schaefer, averaging 23.81, 
 defeated Gamier and Ives by 500 to 347. 
 
 1897. 
 
 All Tie in Pittsburg, Pa., Tournament of Shortstops. Davis's 
 Room, February 27th to March 6th. — 14.2 without anchor, $1,000 
 in 40, 30, 20, and 10 per cent, divisions, 400-point games. Average 
 of tournament, approximately 12.70. In play-off, Sutton beat both, 
 and Spinks, running 187 and averaging 40, put third prize upon 
 
 Gallagher. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G. A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. G. A. 
 
 Sutton 
 
 .. 3 
 
 88 
 
 22.22 
 
 12. 
 
 McLaughlin . 
 
 . . 2 
 
 78 
 
 15.39 
 
 11.78 
 
 Spinks 
 
 .. 3 
 
 138 
 
 36.36 
 
 11.90 
 
 Maggioli .... 
 
 .. 2 
 
 99 
 
 13.33 
 
 10.14 
 
 Gallagher . . . 
 
 .. 3 
 
 100 
 
 27. 
 
 17.16 
 
 Catton 
 
 .. 2 
 
 97 
 
 22.22 
 
 13.41 
 
 Same Players, Plus John Matthews, in Chicago. Under the 
 auspices of and at Clarence E. Green's Imperial Room, April 6th. — 
 Same game and the like prize-money. In playing off, Catton won by 
 600 to 478, but Spinks topped the shortshop record with a run of 
 197. Maggioli's 28 is either a losing average or an error. Average 
 of tournament, 14.65. 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Spinks 5 167 
 
 Catton 5 158 
 
 Sutton 4 169 
 
 McLaughlin . 3 99 
 
 Av. 
 
 G. A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G. A. 
 
 18.18 
 
 15.50 
 
 Gallagher. . 
 
 . . 2 
 
 95 
 
 21. 
 
 15.50 
 
 23.50 
 
 16.75 
 
 Maggioli . . 
 
 .. 1 
 
 107 
 
 28. 
 
 13. 
 
 30.77 
 
 21.10 
 
 Matthews . 
 
 .. 1 
 
 118 
 
 15. 
 
 9.80 
 
 17.39 
 
 13.33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hugo Kerkau's American Debut. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 
 July 5-10th.— Purse game, 300 points of 14.2 nightly. K., 1800; 
 Morningstar, 1523. 
 
 Same place and terms, July 19-24th. — McLaughlin, 1800; K., 1702. 
 
 First World's Championship at 18.1. Madison Square Garden 
 Concert Hall, N. Y. City, November 20th, December 4th. — Emblem 
 and $1,200 in cash, both presented by the B. B. C. Co., added to 
 
278 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 $500 in entrance fees and to the net receipts. Average of tourna- 
 ment, four 500-point games apiece, 8.89. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 G. F. Slosson ($1466.50) 4 97 12.20 9.39 
 
 J. Schaefer ($879.90) 3 85 15.45 9.25 
 
 F. C. Ives ($586.60) 2 140 31.25 14.95 
 
 M. Daly 1 73 8.20 7.18 
 
 Geo. Sutton 53 6.09 
 
 SCHAEFER DEFEATS SLOSSON. Same hall, February 5, 
 1898. — First match for championship and $500 a side. Schaefer, 
 600—7.46—76; Slosson, 596—34. 
 
 IVES DEFEATS SCHAEFER. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
 April 4, 1898.— Second and last match, I., 600—15—91; S., 426 
 —90. 
 
 As there was no challenge outstanding, and as Ives declined the 
 emblem without waiting to qualify as champion, it reverted, under 
 the rules, to its donors, and there was no 18,1 championship again 
 until December, 1901. 
 
 1898. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Slosson. Opera-house, Hartford, Conn., February 
 16th. — 18,1 purse game. Schaefer, 400—7.84 — 39; Slosson, 317 
 —59. 
 
 First Handicap at 18.1. Central Music Hall, Chicago, January 
 17-22d. — Ives and Schaefer playing 400 to the 260 of Sutton, 
 Catton, and Spinks. Schaefer's defeat of Ives by 22, coupled with 
 his own defeat at the hands of Spinks by 262, caused a tie between 
 the "scratchmen," who divided first and second moneys, as Spinks 
 and Catton did the fourth prize. The B. B. C. Co. had added 
 $1,750 to the entrance fees. Average of tournament, 14.57. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Schaefer ($787.50)3 138 40. 18.85 
 Ives ($787.50) . . 3 136 28.71 24.28 
 Sutton ($450)... 2 73 17.65 13.85 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Catton ($112.50).. 1 56 9.38 6.75 
 Spinks ($112.50).. 1 48 10.82 8.23 
 
 Roomkeepers' New Handicap Championship. Philadelphia, 
 April 4th. — Match won by Edward Burris (225 — 5. — 28) from 
 Sol Allinger, who played for 175. 
 
 Knickerbocker A. C. Championship. N. Y. City, April. — 14.2. 
 Making best single and general, 9.67 and 7.50, Byron Stark won, 
 "Dr. A. B. Miller, Dr. L. L. Mial and F. Poggenburg finishing as 
 named. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 279 
 
 Amateur Athletic Union Handicap. Knickerbocker A. C, 
 N. Y. City, May.— 14.2. Order at close: Mial (250), Stark (300), 
 Miller (250), J. A. Hendrick (270), Clement Bainbridge (260), and 
 L. A. Servatius (250). Best single, general, and run: 9.09 — 6.37 — 64, 
 by Stark. 
 
 Amateur 14.2 Handicap. Ives's Room, N. Y. City, November 
 2-9th. — Won by Florian Tobias (215) from Messrs. Stark, Mial, 
 and Poggenburg (all three at 300), Wm. Gershel (240), and Wm. 
 Arnold, Dr. W. G. Douglas, and L. A. Servatius (all at 200). Arnold 
 was second, and Stark third. 
 
 A. A. U.'s First Class B Tournament. Knickerbocker A. C, 
 beginning December 5th. — 30D-point games, 14.2. All the singles 
 except Stark's and possibly Miller's are either losing averages or 
 slightly inaccurate in their fractions. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Stark 6 47 10.34 7.74 
 
 Taylor 4 71 7.56 5.42 
 
 Smith 4 64 6.97 5.50 
 
 Poggenburg 3 48 7.60 5.42 
 
 Al Taylor, of Chicago, won play-off from J. De Mun Smith, of 
 St. Louis. Approximate average of tournament, 5.25. Figures arc 
 not at hand to test whether or not the general averages of Taylor 
 and Poggenburg were exactly alike. If they were, it was the first 
 known case (see Metropolitan Championship, 1900, and "Another 
 Tie in General Averages," 1903). 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Miller 2 33 5. 4.13 
 
 G. E. Hevner 1 29 5.79 4.67 
 
 J. A. Hendrick .... 1 32 4.63 3.92 
 
 1*99. 
 
 A. A. U.'s First Class A Tournament. Knickerbocker Club, 
 N. Y. City,, February 13-1 8th. —Doubled 400-point games of 14.2, 
 anchor barred, for an unchallengeable championship trophy presented 
 by the B. B. C. Co. Martin Mullen, of Cleveland, lost none but 
 opening game, and that to Wayman C. McCreery, of St. Louis, who 
 won no other. Wilson P. Foss, of Haverstraw, N. Y., second. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Mullen 3 73 10.26 8.30 
 
 Foss 2 133 12.25 8.27 
 
 Average of tournament, 8.56. 
 
 McCreery 1 139 13.33 9.16 
 
 Liederkranz Amateur Trophy. Liederkranz Society's Room, 
 N. Y. City, May.— 300 points of 14:2 nightly, best in five, J. F. 
 Poggenburg, averaging 12 in one session, won three, and J. Byron 
 Stark two. 
 
280 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Straight Rail vs. 8,2 Balkline Revived. Amateur handicap, 
 Foley's Room, Chicago, March. — Al Taylor and Griffith played the 
 line for 250 against the unlimited three-ball game of Gray (250), 
 Cochrane, Harris, and the younger Foley (all at 180), McKay and 
 Atwater (both 140), Rawson % (130), and Wilder (120). Taylor, 
 winning by 9 — 0, had highest general average (5.86), second-best 
 run (74), and second-best single average (7.81), the highest run and 
 single by a " railer" being the 126 and 13.85 of Foley, who got second 
 place on 7 — 2. Atwater (6 — 3) third, and the veteran McKay 
 (5—4) fourth. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Slosson at 18.1. Lenox Lyceum, N. Y. City, May 
 13th. — First of match of two games, each for $500 a side (see Cushion 
 Caroms, May 22, for second). Schaefer, 600—13.64—139; Slosson, 
 418—62. 
 
 First Tournament National Association Amateur Billiard Players. 
 These were two sets of handicap 14.2 games, both one as to the 
 main prize (the Daly-Slosson Cup), but independent as to the two 
 sets of other prizes. Poggenburg won at G. F. Slosson's Room, 
 beginning November 13th, and Keeney at Maurice Daly's, ending 
 December 15th. The records of the two tournaments are given 
 side by side. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Poggenburg, 300 5 2 70 40 9.68 5.66 7.21 5.20 
 
 Stark, 300 3 3 77 63 10.34 10.79 7.77 6.78 
 
 Keeney, 280 3 5 72 44 9.03 6.83 6.15 6.10 
 
 Townsend, 280 2 3 61 48 8. 7.37 5.70 5.29 
 
 Muldaur, 220 2 2 36 31 5.64 4.78 4.52 3.73 
 
 Arnold, 220 23 19 3.09 3.17 
 
 Approximate average of whole play at Slosson's, 5.75; at Daly's, 
 4.32; of both combined, 5.30. 
 
 Play-off for the Daly-Slosson Cup, December 19-20th: P., 600— 
 6.82— 44; K., 439—33. 
 
 A. A. TJVs Second Class B Tournament. Knickerbocker A. C, 
 N. Y. City, December — 300 points, 14.2. This and all later ones 
 given under authority of the A. A. U. were not strictly invitation 
 tournaments, the box-office being open to the public. A. G. Cut- 
 ler's run of 74 does not properly belong to this series of games, hav- 
 ing been accomplished by reason of his preliminarily playing in 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 281 
 
 more games than some others. Threshie, Smith and Kellogg's 
 singles are winning ones. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Threshie 5 74 10.34 7.65 
 
 Smith 4 72 11.11 6.19 
 
 Kellogg 3 49 7.50 5.58 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. G.A. 
 
 Hendrick .... 
 
 . 2 
 
 52 
 
 6.81 4.98 
 
 Cutler 
 
 1 
 
 74 
 
 6.31 5.42 
 
 Hevner 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 3.67 
 
 Tournament's approximate average, 5.55. 
 
 Chicago Amateur Handicap. Foley's Room, December. — 14.2. 
 Harris (145), 9—0; Al Taylor (300), 7—2; Levine (145), 6—3; and 
 Lang, Atwater, and the younger Foley (severally 200, 135, and 170), 
 all 5 — 4. Best single and general averages and highest runs were 
 7.14—6.20—66 by Taylor, and 6.10—4—56 by Nolan (250), who 
 won but two games. 
 
 1900. 
 
 A. A. U.'s Second Class A Tournament. Knickerbocker A. C, 
 February 5-1 6th. — 400-point games, 14.2, anchor barred, for cham- 
 pionship Silver Cup given by the B. B. C. Co., to become the property 
 of anyone winning it thrice. . 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Foss 5 115 14.29 10.64 
 
 McCreery 4 68 14.81 9.59 
 
 Smith 3 54 8.51 7.50 
 
 Average of tournament, 7.95. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Threshie... 2 79 12.90 7.99 
 
 Mial 1 80 7.41 6.32 
 
 Conklin 44 5.68 
 
 Metropolitan Amateur Championship of 14.2. First tournament 
 held by Hanover Club, and second participated in by the N. A. A. 
 B. P., Brooklyn, N. Y., March 12-17th. Average of tournament, 
 6.57. 
 
 W.R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Poggenburg 3 49 8.33 7.20 
 
 Keeney 2 45 8.57 6.58 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Townsend 1 33 5.77 5.52 
 
 Stark 64 6.58 
 
 The remarkable features were presented of three players, Stark, 
 Keeney, and Poggenburg, having the same total innings (125), of 
 Stark and Keeney with 821 points each, and of their also tieing 
 on general average for the first time known to us in a demonstrated 
 way. 
 
 Roomkeepers' Championship of Philadelphia. This time without 
 a handicap, it began May 3d in a tournament at 14.2. Merrick Levy 
 won it, but had to average 4.88 against John Cline to do so. John 
 Thornton was second. 
 
282 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 A. G. Cutler vs. Chas. Threshie. Hub Billiard Palace, Boston, 
 May 9th, 10th, 11th.— Match at 14.2. C, 1000—6.17 — 48; T., 
 998 — 51. The pair had the rating then of amateurs. 
 
 Cook County Amateur Championship. What with tournament 
 bouts and challenge matches as a sequel, W. P. Mussey's memorable 
 Chicago 14.2 series lasted this year from February 26th to August 
 loth. That four out of the nine in the tournament met on even terms 
 tended largely to overcome the logical objection to handicapping 
 as a championship factor. The table below exhibits a winning 
 average of 9.68 for one ''scratch," as well as a general average of 
 7.10. The challenge matches were always interesting, and often 
 impressive, as when, with a run of 76 and an average of 10.34, 
 Conklin took the emblem from Kellogg. McGinniss, like Kellogg, 
 Brown, and Dr. Parker, lost half his tournament games; but he 
 made amends by winning his whole six matches, thus acquiring 
 ownership of the "Mussey Medal," in the final match for which, 
 August loth, he averaged 7.50 against Adams. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. ! W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Harlev Parker. 225 . 4 52 6.82 3.86 J. D. Adams. 225 ... 7 44 5.92 4.31 
 
 R. J. McGinniss. 300. 4 52 9.6S 7.10 T. J. Xolan. 250 2 35 4.90 4.15 
 
 C. F. Conklin, 300 . . 7 47 7.68 6. B. S. Bingham. 200. . 3 36 5.74 3.69 
 
 A. J. Brown, 225 ... 4 41 5.11 3.80 C. S. Schmitt, 300 . . 1 51 5.88 4.80 
 
 W. W. KeUogg, 300 . 4 44 6.38 5.54 i 
 
 In beating Conklin by 225 to 232 on the tie, Adams averaged 
 5.77, and Kellogg reached 5.88 in depriving Adams of the cham- 
 pionship in the very first match. Expressed in a round way, the 
 average of the tournament was 4 .80. 
 
 Doubled Tournament Games at Daly's. X. Y. City, October 
 15-20th.— Handicap at 14.2. Gallagher (400), 4—0; Morningstar 
 (250), 3 — 1; Howison (200), 3 — 1. Highest runs, winning averages 
 and general averages: M., 73— 9.62— 7.7S; H., 39—10—6.07; G., 
 84 — general, 12.55. Playing off tie, Howison won by 2 points on 
 an average of 8.78. 
 
 Clubmen Made Desperate by Ties. October. — The 14.2 tourna- 
 ment of the Olympic Club, San Francisco, ended in a first-place 
 tie of four out of seven — Dr. O. B. Burns, F. L. Taylor, J. J. Rog- 
 gan, and W. Franklin. The first three tied again, shutting out 
 Franklin; and after tieing again and again, they played once three- 
 handed, which summarily cut the Gordian knot thus — Taylor, 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 
 
 283 
 
 Burns, and Roggan. In the tournament proper, Burns had made 
 high average (5.77), and Franklin the high run (42). 
 
 Revival of 8.2 in New Orleans. Capt. John Miller's Room, 
 October 22d to November 16th. — Louis Abrams and George H. 
 Miller, the two "scratchmen," were first and second among six. 
 Best runs and averages: Abrams's 8.33 and 46, and Miller's 7.14 
 and 57. 
 
 Following week, same game, match for $50, best in three nights. 
 Abrams made the .more points, but Miller won the three nights, 
 averaging 5.88 as his best, and running 48 to Abrams's 29 for high. 
 
 Knickerbocker A. C.'s Championship of 14.2. N. Y. City, be- 
 ginning December 26th and recordable chiefly because of the winner's 
 having the unexampled privilege of "keeping warm" in the depth 
 of winter by playing all his games one after another without inter- 
 regnum, which necessarily had to deprive the remaining games 
 of interest. Contestants: Chas. S. Norris, J. A. Hendrick, Dr. A. B. 
 Miller, Dr. L. L. Mial, and Albro Akin. Best general average, 5.77 
 by the winner-in-chief, Norris. 
 
 1901. 
 
 Championship of the N. A. A. B. P. First tournament, under the 
 patronage of the Hanover Club, Brooklyn, N. Y., for the Brooklyn 
 Eagle's Gold Cup, but the third annual one of the Association, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., January 14-26th. Arthur R. Townsend won 
 play-off. Average of tournament, 5.96. Three tied on high run, 
 and the other three were not far from virtually tieing on general 
 average. Such closeness, practicable for any grade of performers 
 at any form of cushion caroms, is phenomenal at 14.2 balkline for 
 players of the speed of these. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 Townsend .... 
 
 . 4 
 
 69 
 
 8.11 
 
 6.26 
 
 Stark 
 
 . 3 
 
 50 
 
 7.89 
 
 5.83 
 
 Keeney 
 
 . 4 
 
 46 
 
 7.32 
 
 6.04 
 
 Poggenburg . . . 
 
 . 1 
 
 50 
 
 9.68 
 
 5.85 
 
 E. W. Gardner 
 
 . 3 
 
 52 
 
 8.33 
 
 6.80 
 
 F. C. Gardner . 
 
 . 
 
 50 
 
 .... 
 
 4.71 
 
 A. A. U.'s Third Annual Class A Championship Tournament. 
 
 Knickerbocker Club, N. Y. City, February 5-15th. — At 14.2. Aver- 
 age of tournament, four 400-point games apiece, 6.39. 
 
 Conklin 
 
 W. 
 ... 4 
 ... 3 
 ... 1 
 
 R. 
 52 
 
 47 
 40 
 
 Av. 
 8.70 
 7.41 
 5.33 
 
 G.A. 
 7.55 
 7.37 
 5.03 
 
 Mial 
 
 W. R. 
 1 63 
 
 Av. 
 6.56 
 7.30 
 
 G.A. 
 
 6.39 
 
 Threshie 
 
 Hendrick . . . . 
 
 McKee 
 
 1 60 
 
 5.85 
 
284 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 In the play-off, Mial made the best run and single average (89 and 
 8.16), both in defeating McKee. 
 
 As winner-in-chief, Conklin on February 16th played Foss, holder 
 of the A. A. XL's championship. F., 400—10.87—69; C, 262—43, 
 
 Morningstar vs. Howison. Maurice Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 
 beginning February 18th. — Six nights' purse game at 14.2, even up. 
 M., 1800—8.78—92; H., 1761—76. 
 
 Progressive Billiards. City Athletic Club, Toronto, Can., Feb- 
 ruary 23d. — Game so called, ten members on each side, using five 
 tables with four players apiece. Messrs. White and McDonald made 
 highest and lowest individual scores — 177 and 37. 
 
 Three-handed Doubled Games. Daly's, N. Y. City, March 18- 
 23d. — Handicap purse tournament at 14.2. Morningstar (300) — 
 1122—23.08—183; Gallagher (400)— 1158— 19.05— 75; McLaughlin 
 (400)— 1414— 20.— 92. G. A.— M., 14.20; McL., 13.09; G., 12.12. 
 
 Competition by Telegraph. March 26th. — 14,2, St. Louis and 
 Cleveland, Wayman C. McCreery playing in John Lacari's room and 
 Martin Mullen in Ed. M. Helm's. Runs, etc., wired to and fro. 
 Averages not announced. Totals and highest runs: M., 500 — 80; 
 McC, 471 — 53. McCreery, who suggested this experimental contest, 
 proposed to spot at every inning. As the St. Louisan later wrote 
 The Weekly Billiardist: " Mullen thought that too easy, and amended 
 by commencing in the ordinary way, viz., playing on the far ball, 
 then playing with still ball for five innings, then respotting," and 
 so on. 
 
 11 The Mussey Handicap." Mussey's Room, Chicago, ending 
 May 7th. — Amateur 14.2 tournament for gold watch and chain. 
 Messrs. Adams, Kurtz, Gerhardt, and Miehle, severally in at 240, 
 200, 215, and 200, were trailers in that order. The other five, 
 with their handicaps, best single averages and highest runs, were 
 Ed. Rein (230)— 6.76— 52; Dr. Harley Parker (230)— 5.90— 65; 
 W. W. Kellogg (275)— 8.60— 45; C. F. Conklin (300)— 8.57— 49; 
 and H. A. Coleman, of Milwaukee (300)— 6.25— 36. The two post- 
 men, Conklin and Coleman, won 5 — 3 each, while Rein and Parker, 
 third heaviest weight-carriers, but first and second winners, won 7 
 to 1 and 6 to 2. 
 
 Morningstar vs. Jose Ortiz, of Spain. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 
 May, five nights' purse game of 14.2. M., 1500—10.49—83; O., 
 1032—68. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 285 
 
 C. F. Conklin's Lofty Average. A M. Clarke's 14.2 handicap, 
 Chicago, closing May 29th. — Leaders were Conklin (250 and un- 
 beaten), 15.60— run, 67; Brown (175), 5.67—33; Morin (175), 
 6.50 — 38. The latter two tied in games with 5 up and 2 down, and 
 Brown won play-off by 18. 
 
 John Miller's Plexus, or Bunch of Ties. New Orleans, 14.2 
 handicap, ending October 2d. — Of seven entries, Abrams (160), 
 G, H. Miller (160), and Zaehringer (140), tied in high run (31), as 
 also did Van Gelder and Peterson (120 each) on 21, while there were 
 two ties for first prize, Abrams winning play-off, and three for fourth. 
 
 Gallagher vs. Ortiz. Daly's, N. Y., October 7-llth. — 14.2 purse 
 game. G., 1500—11.54—82; O., 913 (with 250 odds)— 58. 
 
 Daly Handicap at 18.2. N. Y. City, October 21-26th, and Willie 
 Hoppe's first in tournament, which was for purse. Handicap, best 
 winning and general averages, and highest run, individually: Hoppe 
 (200), 10.— 8.81— 54; Morningstar (300), 12.— 12.75— 59; McLaugh- 
 lin (300), 15.79—13.79—89; Gallagher (300), 11.11—9.50—75; 
 Ortiz (225), 5.22 (gen. av.) — 49. Hoppe and Ortiz reversed in 
 games, 4 — to — 4, and the other three, tieing at 2 — 1, tied again, 
 and then divided. 
 
 Chicago Handicap at 14.2. Foley's Room, October 18 to Decem- 
 ber 9th. — Amateur contestants — Harris and Kent, 200; Cochrane 
 and Sorenson, 175; Miller, 160; Dethke, 145; Ballard, 135; Gunther 
 and Shute, 130. Outcome — Harris, Ballard, Sorenson and Cochrane. 
 High runs, with averages of both kinds: 49 — 5.26 — 4.00, by Harris. 
 Miller's 44 was second in runs. 
 
 Second World's Championship at 18.1. Madison Square Garden 
 Concert Hall, N. Y. City, December 2-1 0th. — Tournament for 
 jeweled badge and $2,000 in cash added by the B. B. C. Co. to $1,500 
 in entrance fees and net receipts. This was the public debut of 
 Leon Barutel, Orlando Morningstar, and Leonard Howison in first- 
 class company. Tournament's average, five 400-point games apiece, 
 6.61. 
 
 W.R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Schaefer 5 68 12.50 7.78 
 
 Slosson 3 45 10.26 7.58 
 
 Barutel 3 42 8.70 6.19 
 
 W.R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Sutton 2 64 13.79 9.26 
 
 Morningstar 1 62 9.52 5.21 
 
 Howison 1 35 5.32 4.84 
 
286 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Instead of any contest, there were three challenges for this em- 
 blem. Sutton, who challenged twice, claimed it the latter time, 
 and it was awarded to him on October 30, 1903, in default of Schae- 
 fer's covering forfeit. (See March 4, 1904, and January and March, 
 1906). 
 
 Championship of the Northwest at 14.2. Played for on a 4^x9 
 table in Duluth, Fargo, Minneapolis, and St. Paul, November. 
 Emblematic cup presented by B. B. C. Co. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 W. F. Hatley 5 85 14.40 10.33 
 
 G. E. Spears 4 86 15. 8.33 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 C. Peterson 2 60 7.90 6.12 
 
 Chas. Clow 1 33 5.80 4.67 
 
 Schaefer vs. Barutel at 18.2. Frank A. Keeney's Knickerbocker 
 Academy, Brooklyn, N. Y., December 19-21st, three nights' purse 
 game. S., 1800—16.90—85; B., 946—58. 
 
 1902. 
 
 Last Class B. Tournament of A. A. U. Knickerbocker Club, N. 
 Y. City, winter of 1901-2. — Game, 14.2. Instead of by games, this 
 tournament was to be decided by best general averages in case of 
 tie for first place. A. G. Cutler, W. W. Kellogg, and J. A. Hendrick 
 tied, and Cutler was winner on average. Other contestants were 
 Frank Billiter, of Minneapolis, C. S. Schmitt, of Chicago, and W. A. 
 Paige, of Boston, all new to this series of games. 
 
 Second Tournament for " Brooklyn Eagle " Gold Cup. Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., January 13-18th, under patronage of Hanover Club and 
 under auspices of the N. A. A. B. P. Four games apiece, 300 points, 
 14.2. Average of tournament, 5.32. Lniformity of runs and general 
 averages is remarkable for players of their speed. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. I W. R. Av. G.A- 
 
 E.W.Gardner 4 52 6.12 5.48 Poggenburg 1 40 6.52 5.88 
 
 Townsend 2 39 6.25 5.20 F.Gardner 1 38 5.26 5.13 
 
 Stark 2 37 8.82 5.15 
 
 Championship of France at 18.2. Grand Hotel, Paris, February, 
 500-point games. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Cure 2 156 17.86 16.65 
 
 Fournil 2 131 31.25 27.73 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Vignaux 2 175 50. 20.46 
 
 Gibelin 70 . . 13.33 
 
 Average of tournament, 18.22. The three ties were determined 
 in the same hall in March, and placed Cure first, Fournil second, and 
 Vignaux third. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 
 
 287 
 
 Chas. Threshie . 
 J. A. Hendrick . 
 Dr. A. B. Miller 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 2 52 9.55 5.78 
 1 34 7.84 4.60 
 1 42 4.88 4.71 
 
 Third and Last Annua! for the A. A. U. Championship. Knicker- 
 bocker Club, N. Y. City, February. — Average of tournament, six 
 games apiece, 5.75. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Chas. Norris 5 62 8.89 6.55 
 
 W. H. Sigourney 5 64 7.02 5.50 
 
 L. L. Mial 4 90 9.09 7.28 
 
 C. F.Conklin ... 3 45 8.51 6.03 
 
 Chas. S. Schmitt played in the opening game, was beaten by 
 Sigourney (400 to 251, average 8.70), and then withdrew, Sigourney 
 losing the credit both of his victory and of his highest average, 
 instead of Schmitt's forfeiting his other games. (See "Revival of 
 Cushion Caroms," 1903.) 
 
 Mial alone beat Sigourney, and Sigourney was the only one who 
 beat Norris (55 in 400) . In playing off, Norris won by 25. 
 
 February 19, as chief winner, Norris played Wilson P. Foss, who 
 was 100 when Norris was 71, 153 when he was 211, 237 when he was 
 307, and winner when he was 464. F., 500—6.85—52; N., 464—70. 
 The B. B. C. Co.'s Challenge Cup then became the property of Foss, 
 he having won it in tournament in 1900, defended it in 1901 match 
 with Conklin, and now in match against another Chicagoan. 
 
 Adorjan vs. Morningstar. Daly's, N. Y. City, May 26-30th. — 
 300 a night, 18.2. A., 1500—17.08—105; M., 929—80. 
 
 On the final night, the winner made double figures in ten innings 
 out of his twelve — something whose like probably cannot be matched 
 at any style of game, whether free three-ball or full four-ball. These 
 were successive in the last eight — 27, 17, 21, 35, 23, 76, 46, 26. 
 
 Championship of St. Paul and Minneapolis, 
 games of 14.2, 4^x9, closing May 28th. 
 
 Doubled 300-point 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 C. Ferris 3 77 10.34 9.15 
 
 J. W. Carney.. 2 87 10.34 8.20 
 
 W. R. 
 
 G. E. Spears 1 55 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 8.4^ 
 
 ♦The one winning average by Spears is lacking. 
 
 Championship of Minnesota at 14.2. 
 St. Paul, June 16th. — 300 points, 4£x9. 
 
 W.R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Ferris 3 77 12.50 9.28 
 
 Carney 1 65 10.71 7.94 
 
 Opened at Ryan Hotel, 
 
 W. 
 
 C. Clow 1 
 
 Spears 1 
 
 R. Av. G.A. 
 35 6.96 7.90 
 61 11.11 9.35 
 
288 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 New England Championship at 18.2. Boston, Mass., March 
 25— 27th. — Match announced as above (although no tournament 
 had been held), Maxime Thomas, then of Worcester, Mass., vs. 
 A. G. Cutler, Boston. C, 1000— av., 11.90; T., 862. Chief runs 
 not high. 
 
 Julius Adorjan, of Hungary, vs. McLaughlin. Daly's Room, 
 N. Y. City, May 12-16th.— 300 points at 18.2. A., 1500— 18.29— 
 118; McL., 1294—120. Average of the whole play, 17.15 in 2794 
 points. 
 
 Pittsburg, Penn., Handicap at 14 2. Great Northern Billiard 
 Parlors, ending May 15th. — Won by James English, who was 
 "scratch" with Messrs. Marshall (second prize), Phillippi and 
 Roberts. The two last mentioned tied with Beymer for third, 
 without playing off. English made the best single average (4), as 
 well as the best run (33), which, however, was equaled by one other. 
 Messrs. Powers, Jack and Billings were the remaining contestants. 
 
 Chicago 14.2 Handicap. Foley's, May 12th to July 12th. — 
 Miller (150) first with 7 up and 2 down, and Rein, Kent, Brown, 
 and Hale, respectively at 250, 210, 210, and 140, were tied with 
 6 — 3 for from second to fifth. Rein was highest in averages and 
 run, 7.58—5.33—45, and Kent next with 5.53—4.34—41. 
 
 Amateur Class B Championship of Pacific. Waldorf Cafe, San 
 Francisco, July 12th to August 12th. — Games, 150 up, 14.2. Won 
 by J. J. Roggan, who had beaten Frank Pecchart, the favorite, by 
 1 point in tournament proper, and beat him by 44 in playing off. 
 With no higher run than 16 in the game by which he won third prize, 
 Frank Whitney made best average, 5.17. Pecchart's 36 was best 
 run of all. The other players were Dr. O. B. Burns, Henry White, 
 Frank Dubois, and Dr. W. E. Davis. 
 
 Championship of the Northwest. St. Louis Hotel, Minn., Octo- 
 ber 1st.— Wm. F. Hatley vs. G. E. Spears, 14.2 on 4^x9. H., 
 300— 13.04— 44; S., 165—31. 
 
 Waldorf Cafe' Handicap at 14.2. San Francisco, November. — 
 Class B amateur tournament. Dr. O. B. Burns won his whole six 
 
BALKLIXE GAME. 
 
 289 
 
 games, while H. A. Wright, the one " scratchman," carrying a weight 
 of from 16.67 to 36.67 per cent, more than his opponents, failed 
 twice in his six trials, and tied with Messrs. Coffin and Carcass for 
 second, third, and fourth prizes. The other contestants were Messrs. 
 Howe, De Sola, and H. W. White. Wright made highest single 
 and general averages and best run, 10.34 — 5.67 — 58. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Fast Play by Chicago Amateurs. December 29, 1902, to March 
 18th. — Thos. Foley's annual winter handicap. Six ran past 40. 
 
 W. R. 
 
 Conklin, 300 6 58 
 
 Rein, 250 10 74 
 
 Harris, 215 4 44 
 
 Brown, 215 4 46 
 
 Lang, 215 2 24 
 
 Kent, 215 6 50 
 
 Av. 
 
 7.30 
 12.50 
 7.17 
 7.97 
 3.47 
 6.94 
 
 W. 
 
 Cochrane, 190 4 
 
 Miller, 165 4 
 
 Adair, 150 3 
 
 Ballard, 150 6 
 
 Hale, 150 6 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 32 
 
 4.22 
 
 56 
 
 4.23 
 
 23 
 
 4.29 
 
 20 
 
 3.75 
 
 37 
 
 4.84 
 
 G. E. Spears vs. Wm. Ryle. Kansas City, January 12-14th, 
 Minneapolis, January 19-21st.— At 14.2. S., 3000— 7.— 75; R., 
 2447—45. April, 1904: S., 1800—73; R., 1493. 
 
 Third Tournament for " Brooklyn Eagle " Gold Cup. Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., February 2-13th. — Under patronage of Hanover Club, 300 
 points nightly, 14.2. Game that directly caused a tie: W. P. 
 Foss, 300—10—67; E. W. Gardner, 280—31. Play-off, February 
 14th— F., 300—15—73; G., 149—38. Tie of four not played off. 
 Average of tournament, 7.87. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Stark ... . 2 47 7.69 6.77 
 
 Townsend 2 59 8.57 7.41 
 
 Mial 2 79 8.11 7.31 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Foss 5 82 18.75 12.13 
 
 Gardner 5 58 12. 8.72 
 
 Conklin 3 59 10.34 6.80 
 
 Poggenburg . . 2 71 9.38 7.51 
 
 Gardner lost only to Foss, and Foss to none but Conklin, who then 
 made his best average. 
 
 Of the three — Townsend, Gardner, and Foss — having an equal 
 lien upon this championship, the last declined to compete in the 
 tournament of 1904, which see. 
 
 Townsend vs. Conklin. Knickerbocker Academy, Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., February 16-1 9th. — 14,2 for a jewel trophy offered by Frank 
 
290 * MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 A. Keener. T., 1000—7.11; C., 918. Neither surpassed his high 
 run in tourney that led to the match. 
 
 First World's Championship of 18.2. Grand Hotel, Paris, France, 
 February 15-20th. — Tournament for emblem and $1,000 in cash, 
 both given by the B. B. C. Co., and added to entrance fees and net 
 receipts. Average of tournament, 17.47. Games, 500 points up. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. | W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Cure 2 113 20.83 19.76 Vignaux 2 136 23.81 22.29 
 
 Sutton 2 200 31.25 20.81 » Slosson 71 8.49 
 
 Weeks before play began, the four entered into a parole agree- 
 ment to play off ties, as well as to divide the net receipts equally. 
 Months before that, the first three had signed a document requiring 
 all ties to be determined by the general averages, and specifying as 
 prizes only the emblem, the given money, and the entrance fees. 
 At the conclusion of the final game (Vignaux vs. Cure), it was 
 announced that ties would be played off in the same hall, beginning 
 February 25th. Vignaux declined to play off, claiming to have 
 won on general average, and carrying the case into court. Litigation 
 lasted nine months, the claimant being awarded the championship 
 in his first suit, but denied the equal share in the receipts forming 
 the basis of his second. 
 
 All matches are for the jeweled emblem and S500 a side, 500 points 
 up. The first was also the last of this series. 
 
 Vignaux vs. Sutton. Grand Hotel, Paris, January 29, 1904. V., 
 500—19.23—148; S., 496—128. 
 
 Another Tie in General Averages. Yearly championship of the 
 N. Y. A. C. at 14.2, closing February 26th. — Dr. Walter G. Douglas 
 had for years been the club's champion at both caroms and pool 
 (beaten at the latter this year), and the tournament of 1903 is given 
 only because of the rarity of an exact tie in general averages, which 
 might not have occurred, however, had not Percy Gardner forfeited 
 to J. V. B. Rapp. 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Douglas 3 32 4.80 4.41 
 
 Rapp 2 38 5.21 4.41 
 
 W. R. Av. G. A. 
 
 Kinsman 1 22 3.33 2.86 
 
 Gardner 15 2.42 1.94 
 
 Philadelphia Amateur Championship at 14.2. Hall of Phila- 
 delphia A C, closing March 27th. — Won by T. Mortimer Rolls, 
 Belmont Cricket Club, who had also won in 1902, when this cham- 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 291 
 
 pionship was instituted by the Schuylkill Navy. R. won by 7 — 0, 
 and in one game averaged 4.79. With 5 — 2, J. E. Cape Morton 
 (av., 4.38) and C. A. Shedaker tied for second and third, Morton 
 losing play-off by 250 to 162. Over 4,000 persons saw the tourney in 
 whole or part. 
 
 Armless Sutton vs. Gallagher. Given 300 in 1500 at Clarence 
 Green's, March 16-20th, and 600 in 3000 at Maurice Daly's, March 
 23-27th, and losing by 653 in N. Y. City, but by only 89 in "Brooklyn, 
 George H. Sutton made first formal appearance in the East. 
 
 Amateur Championship of Twin Cities, Minneapolis and St. Paul. 
 West Hotel, March. — 14:2 on 4^x9. Parker won by 6 — 0, with 
 highest single average, 5.72. Thayer was second. Huyck made 
 highest run, 51. 
 
 Amateur Championship of France and Belgium. National 
 Academy of Amateurs (El Dorado), Paris, France, March and April, 
 games 400 points, 18:2. Eight entries, MM. Rerolle, Rasquinet, 
 R. Maure, Lejeune, Fouquet, Naves, Nelys, and Comte de Dree. 
 First and second winners were Rerolle of Toulouse, and Rasquinet, 
 then an army officer in Brussels. One scored 2800, not losing a 
 game, and the other, beaten only by Rerolle (400 to 391), 2791. 
 Against Rasquinet, opponents scored 2319; against Rerolle, but 
 1485. The highest runs, allowing only one for each player per game, 
 were 109, 103, 87, 73, 73, 61, and 55 for Rerolle, and 91, 67, 63, 42, 
 41, 30, and 27 for Rasquinet. In single winning averages, Rasquinet 
 reached double figures but twice, viz., 10, and 10.50, while Rerolle 
 reached them in every game, viz., 11.70, 14.60, 14.80, 14.80, 15.30, 
 17.30, and 33.33 (Lejeune in this game scored but 64 altogether). 
 The general averages, as forwarded from Paris, were 17.40 and 10.10 
 for Rerolle and Rasquinet ; but their single averages, as forwarded, 
 together with their total points per game, show their general aver- 
 ages to have been 15.91 and 9.83. 
 
 Pittsburg, Penn., Handicap. Great Northern Room, April and 
 May. — At 4.2, and probably on a 4^x9. Bennie (185) tied Poland 
 (170), 5 — 1 in games each, for first prize ($100), and won play-off. 
 Phillippi (185) beat English (200) for third and fourth after tieing 
 at 4 — 2. English, who won the series in 1892, this year made best 
 winning average (5.56), first against Poland and next against Jack. 
 Powers and Miller were the other two players. 
 
292 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Pacific Coast Class B Amateurs. Jas. F. Morley's Rooms, San 
 Francisco, June and July. — 14:2 championship. Won by Frank 
 Pecchart, Frank Coffin second. The pair having tied, P. won play- 
 off by 200 to 127, averaging 5.26. 
 
 Chas. Ferris vs. Al Taylor. West Hotel, Minneapolis, October. — 
 Three nights of 14:2 on a 4£x9, purse game. F., 1200—19.67—112; 
 T., 1008—105. 
 
 High Amateur Averages. Maurice Daly's, N. Y. City, ending 
 October 26th. — Ferdinand Poggenburg and Dr. L. L. Mial going 
 300 to Wm. Gershel's 250, doubled games of 14:2. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 Poggenburg . . 4 119 17.65 11.11 
 Gershel 2 33 8.93 5.97 
 
 Mial 
 
 W. 
 
 
 
 R. 
 51 
 
 Av 
 
 G.A. 
 
 7.86' 
 
 Championship of the Northwest. Fargo, N. D., Duluth and 
 Minneapolis, Minn., ending November 13th. — For cash prizes and a 
 challenge emblem presented by the B. B. C. Co. Doubled games 
 of 14:2, 300 points, on a 4^x9 table. Average of tournament, 10.03. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 W. F. Hatley... 6 88 21.43 13.81 C.Peterson 3 70 14.29 10.04 
 
 F. Billiter •. . 5 94 13.64 10.67 C.Ferris 1 91 17.65 9.06 
 
 G. Spears 5 67 15. 9.89 
 
 J. W. Carney vs. George Kenniston. Hoffman Billiard Parlors, 
 Los Angeles, Cal., November 18-20th. — Purse game, 14:2. C, 
 1000—7.60—50; K., 953—45. 
 
 McLaughlin vs. Gillette. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, December 
 l-3d.— Purse game, 18:2. McL., 1000—13.16—100; G., 485—38. 
 
 Brooklyn Amateur Tournament at 14:2. Keeney's Knicker- 
 bocker Academy, ending December 14th. — 200-point games. Won 
 by C. B. Barker, who made high run and average — 41 and 8.70. In 
 playing off ties for second and third prizes, C. E. White beat Dr. H. 
 D. Jennings. Other contestants were Frank Boyd and L. A. 
 Servatius. 
 
 Amateur Tournament at 14:2. Metropolitan Academy, N. Y. 
 City, games of 200 points, ending December 15th. — Won by L. A. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 293 
 
 Servatius in playing off ties with Messrs. Bennett and Farley. Ser- 
 vatius averaged 4.65 in defeating Farley. J. H. Millette made high 
 run— 39. 
 
 Eames vs. Cutler. Hub Billiard Parlors, Boston, November 
 3-5th — 400 points nightly, 18:2, $250 a side. E., 1200—15.19— 
 124; C, 1021 — 84. The remote cause of this contest was that 
 Cutler, having withdrawn from the amateur ranks, had the year 
 before, in Boston, while Eames was in Denver, Col., played and won 
 from Thomas, formerly of Montreal, a balkline match of multiple 
 nights announced as for the championship of New England. 
 
 1904. 
 
 First American Amateur Tournament at 18:2. Daly's, N. Y. 
 City, beginning January 4th. Handicap. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 J. F. Poggenburg (300) 3 58 10. 8.41 
 
 Dr. L. L. Mial (300) . 2 60 8.57 8.51 
 
 Wm. Gershel (250) 1 27 4.15 5.13 
 
 F.M.Canda (225) 26 3.71 
 
 First Match for 18:2 Championship of the World. See Vignaux 
 vs. Sutton, January 29, 1904, under February, 1903. 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa., Handicap at 14:2. Great Northern Billiard Hall, 
 January ll-26th.— 4^x9 table. First to fourth, Messrs. Bennie, 
 Jack, Powers, and Brown. Bennie, the only " scratchman," made 
 highest run and best average — 36 and 6.90. 
 
 Chicago Handicap at 14:2. A. M. Clarke's Room, ending January 
 28th. — J. M. Miller (175), first in field of ten, winning every game. 
 C. F. Conklin (300), beaten only by Miller (175 to 213), made highest 
 run (112) and best average (12). John Daly, who also was at 300, 
 won only a game or two. 
 
 Fourth Annual Gold Cup Championship. Under patronage of 
 the German Liederkranz Society and the N. A. A. B. P. Held in 
 the minor hall of the German liederkranz Society, N. Y. City, 
 February l-13th. — Game, 300 points, 14:2, Arthur Marcotte, of 
 Quebec, representing Canada; C. F. Conklin, Chicago; J. De Munn 
 
294 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Smith, St. Louis; E. W. Gardner, New Jersey; and Dr. L. L. Mial, 
 Arthur Townsend, and J. Ferdinand Poggenburg, N. Y. City. Prizes: 
 First, the " Brooklyn Eagle " Gold Cup (contingent upon three win- 
 nings, consecutive or non-consecutive) and a royal Dresden vase 
 (absolute); second, silver punchbowl and ladle; third, marble statue 
 of " Night "; fourth, a camera; for high run, an ornate clock, with 
 candelabra; for best single average, a cut-glass wine set, with silver 
 tray. Average of tournament, six games apiece, 6.66. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Townsend \ . 2 60 9.09 5.98 
 
 Smith 1 50 6.82 5.62 
 
 Marcotte 1 35 3.90 4.67 
 
 Tie game, February 13th: Poggenburg, 300 — 9.68 — 41; Mial, 
 185 — 31. By agreement, high run in this game also determined 
 the tie as to high run of tournament. 
 
 Four players now have equal claims upon the Gold Cup, viz.,- 
 Messrs. Townsend, Gardner, Foss, and Poggenburg, severally as 
 winners of the tournaments of 1901, 1902, 1903, and 1904. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 Poggenburg . . 
 
 . . 5 
 
 73 
 
 13.64 
 
 8.56 
 
 Mial 
 
 .. 5 
 
 73 
 
 10. 
 
 7.39 
 
 Gardner 
 
 . . 4 
 
 64 
 
 9.68 
 
 6.75 
 
 Conklin 
 
 .. 3 
 
 68 
 
 13.04 
 
 8.41 
 
 Championship of " The Young Masters." Salle Scribe, Grand 
 Hotel, Paris, France, beginning January 31st. Tournament at 
 18:2 (in reality, 45 centimetres, or 17f in.), 400-point games. There 
 were ten in at the outset, but Jose Ortiz, of Spain, and Mons. Payan, 
 of France, appear not to have played, while Juan Alvarez, of Spain, 
 and Al Taylor and Joseph Capron, of Chicago, seem to have with- 
 drawn after playing two unsuccessful games apiece. This table, for- 
 warded from Paris, limits itself to the four games played by every 
 one of the five named therein after the others had withdrawn. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Willie Hoppe 4 94 17.39 12.80 
 
 Manuel Sanchez 3 54 18.18 13.71 
 
 Robert Glorieux 2 100 11.76 10.86 
 
 Ora Morningstar 1 107 18.18 13.89 
 
 Mons. Ducasse 52 8.78 
 
 We make the average of the final four games apiece, or ten in all, 
 to be 11.82. 
 
 As matter of exact record, Hoppe's best winning average is 20, 
 made in defeating Taylor by 400 to 164; Morningstar 's 21.05, in 
 defeating Capron by 400 to 85; and Glorieux's 12.90, in defeating 
 Taylor by 400 to 310. The general averages of those known here 
 to have played six games apiece are: Morningstar, 14.14; Hoppe, 
 13.66; and Sanchez, 12.36. Omission of the first two games played 
 by every one of those three affects the single and general averages 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 295 
 
 somewhat, but not the high runs at all, all five of the tabulated con- 
 testants happening to have made their highest in their latest four 
 games. 
 
 Boston Class A Amateur Tournament at 14:2. "The Hub" 
 Academy, closing about February 26th. — Won by W. A. Paige, who 
 defeated Charles Eaton in final game by 300 to 260. Table probably 
 4£x9. 
 
 Championship of the World at 18:1. Paris, France, March 4th. — 
 First match contest for championship instituted in 1901 and $500 
 a side. Maurice Vignaux, 500 — 12.82 — 89; Geo. Sutton (as cham- 
 pion), 387-79. (For later matches, see Jan., March, and Oct., 1906.) 
 
 Brooklyn Amateur Handicap at 14:2. Keeney's Knickerbocker 
 Academy, February and March. — H. Hoxie, H. White, and F. To wen- 
 thai, tied, won play-offs in that order March 7th, 8th, 9th. 
 
 Fifth Avenue Hotel Amateur Handicap at 14:2. N. Y. City, 
 ending March 12th.— C. E. White (300), 5—0; E. O. Presby (250), 
 second. In playing off for third prize, Dr. W. G. Douglas (300) 
 defeated L. A. Servatius (250) and J. M. Millette (225). F. M. 
 Canda (300), who beat Douglas only, made highest run of tourna- 
 ment (46), and White the highest single (6.67) and general average 
 (5.51). 
 
 Interclub Tournament at 14:2. Arts Club, Philadelphia, Febru- 
 ary and March. — Won by T. Mortimer Rolls, of Belmont Cricket 
 Club, who made highest runs and single averages (94 and 10.87, 
 both against T. R. Reaney, and 51 and 6.95, both against Dr. C. A. 
 Borda). Other competitors were Harrison Townsend, Julius J. 
 Hovey, J. E. Cape Morton, and Dr. H olden. 
 
 Foley's Chicago Amateur Handicap at 14:2. Ended March 23d. — 
 J. M. Miller (155) first, Ed. C. Rein (250) second, and Messrs. Hale 
 and Cochrane (both 180) tied for third and fourth. Rein made 
 highest run (76) and best single average (11.36, against Hale, in 
 final game) . 
 
 Amateur International Souvenir Match at 18:2. Theatre of the 
 Automobile Club of France, Paris, March 29th, 30th, 31st, for an 
 
296 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 emblem presented by the B. B. C. Co. Admission by invitation. 
 Lucien Rerolle, of Toulouse, 1200—12.24—129, 94, 71; W. P. Foss, 
 of Haverstraw, N. Y., 1153—74, 73, 63. 
 
 Championship of Billiard Club at 14:2. N. Y. City, ending March 
 29th in tie among Dr. A. B. Miller, Florian Tobias, and Dr. W. G. 
 Douglas. Of the eight contestants, Wm. Gershel made the highest run 
 (65), Douglas the next highest (51), and Tobias the third highest (50). 
 The highest average (8.06) was made by both Douglas and Miller. 
 
 Miller, in winning both plays-off, ran 52 and averaged 11.36 
 against Douglas, this final contest of theirs occurring April 18th. 
 All games were of 250 points. The 11.36 is Miller's best perform- 
 ance in a set competition to date. 
 
 Championship of Minneapolis. Hotel Vendome, March and 
 April, game 14:2 on a 4£x9 table, with seven contestants. — Win- 
 ner was Hogue, who lost no game. Logan, who was second, was 
 beaten only by Hogue, and made best run, single average, and 
 general average, viz., 43, 7.14, and 5.28. 
 
 Interborough Amateur Tournament at 14:2. Maurice Daly's 
 Room, N. Y., March 28th to April 14th, including ties. All games 
 were 300 up. Average of tournament, 5.50. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. I W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Dr.W. G.Douglas 3 43 6.26 5.60 ! C. B. Barker 1 36 5.45 4.87 
 
 F. M. Canda 3 42 7.14 6.68 j C. E. White 38 .... 4.04 
 
 A. Lewenberg . . . 3 40 7.50 6.02 | 
 
 The playing-off resulted in another tie, Douglas being beaten by 
 Lewenberg, Canda by Douglas, and Lewenberg by Canda. In beat- 
 ing Canda for the second time, Douglas averaged 9.68, thus sur- 
 passing his best previous one — 8. 06 (vide "Championship of Billiard 
 Club at 14:2," above). In the second play-off, Douglas beat both 
 Lewenberg and Canda, and the latter lost to Lewenberg. 
 
 Mussey's Handicap at 14:2. Chicago, 111., March and April, 
 with C. F. Conklin and R. J. Maginniss at "scratch" (300). Of the 
 other eight, H. A. Coleman represented Milwaukee, and C. S. 
 Schmitt, once of Chicago, had latterly moved from Boston, Mass., 
 to Racine, Wis. Messrs. Reinman, Huntley, Adams, Harley Parker, 
 and George Kent were of the eight representatives of Chicago. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 
 
 297 
 
 Maginniss, who made best run (89) and best single average (13.64), 
 was winner-in-chief, with Schmitt second. Conklin, who made the 
 best general average, was third, and Coleman and Adams divided 
 fourth and fifth prizes. Maginniss and Conklin played the final 
 game, April 29, the latter losing. Maginniss was beaten by Kent 
 only. 
 
 French Amateur Championship of the World at 14:2. Billiard 
 Palace, Boulevard des Capucines, Paris, March 7-21st, under the au- 
 spices of the Federation des Societes Francaises d'Amateurs de 
 Billard. Unlike that at 18:2, won by Rerolle a year before, this 
 championship is typified in a Challenge Cup, the gift of the B. B. 
 C. Co. There were twenty-one entries, but a weeding-out process 
 left but six for the final rounds, whose fifteen games resulted in 
 these winnings : 
 
 Rerolle 5 
 
 Darantiere 4 
 
 Blanc 3 
 
 De Dree 2 
 
 Maure 1 
 
 Cayla 
 
 Maure forfeited a half -finished game to De Dree. The best runs 
 of the whole tournament were 111 by Rerolle (in the last game of 
 all, which was with Darantiere, second winner) and 108 by Maure. 
 The third-best run seems to have been Darantiere's 89. The best 
 winning average was Rerolle's 20 against Blanc. As to general 
 averages, there are no complete figures at hand as to any one of the 
 players ; but Rerolle's was probably not far below 15. The games 
 were 400 up. A special round of 250-point ones for a consolation 
 prize terminated as follows: Nelys, 3-0; Castel, 2-1; Faroux, 1-2; 
 Lamare, 0-3. In the deciding game of this round, Nelys vs. Faroux, 
 the former averaged 8.62, with 31 for high run to 27 for the loser 
 (Faroux) . 
 
 San Francisco Handicap at 14.2. At J. F. Morley's Room, May 
 2-19th. — H. A. Wright, winner-in-chief, averaged 16.67 in one game 
 and 14.85 in all (1500 points), and ran 101, 95, 84, 76, and 67 for 
 high in his five games. Wilson H. Sigourney, beaten by Wright and 
 Frank Dubois, had 18.75 for high average, 12.62 in 1426 points for 
 general, and 111, 95, 83, 79, and 79 for high runs per game. The 
 two general averages are high for amateurs in this country. Dubois, 
 Frank Coffin, Dr. O. B. Burns, and J. F. Morley played 150 to the 300 
 of Wright and Sigourney. 
 
298 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Jacob Schaefer vs. Louis Cure. Match at 18.2 for $2000 a side, 
 500 points nightly, Xouveau Cirque, Paris, France, June 6-1 lth. — 
 S., 3000— 22.90— i66; C, 2988—255. 
 
 Al Taylor vs. John Matthews. Chicago, September 14th. — Match 
 at IS. 2 for £50 a side. T\, 400—11.11—61; M., 259—39. 
 
 Ten Games Straight. Summer handicap at 14.2, Foley's Room, 
 Chicago, July 7th to October 3d. — Roney (115) won all his games. 
 Myers (150, scratch) tied Bevmgton (140) for second and third, and 
 Bevington forfeited. Eleven contestants. 
 
 Amateur Handicap at 14.2. Maurice Daly's, New York City, Oc- 
 tober 3-10th. — Winners of the first eight games made an aggregate 
 average of 8.25, which is high for the start of an amateur tournament 
 having as many as six competitors. After defeating J. Ferd. Pog- 
 genburg (scratch, 300) by 240 to 292, and Win. Gershel by 240 to 
 188, averaging 8 in the first game and 8.28 in the second, Albert 
 Brock had to withdraw, and those games and his unplayed three 
 were canceled. This was Paul Van Dieman's first tournament, H. 
 A. Coleman's first in the East, and Albert Lewenberg's first tourna- 
 mental victory at balkline. 
 
 W. H. R. W.A. G. A. 
 
 Poggenburg, 300 3 70 15.79 7.80 
 
 Lewenberg. 240 4 44 8 6 . 96 
 
 Coleman. 240 2 36 6.32 5.07 
 
 Gershel. 240 1 39 6.32 5.43 
 
 Brock, 240 2 37 8.25 8.12* 
 
 Van Dieman 32 4.38 
 
 * Two games only. 
 
 Boston Class B Amateur Championship at 14.2. '-Hub" Billiard 
 Parlors, October. — Ami don won all five of his games, and also made 
 high winning average (4.26) and second highest run (26). Smalley's 
 39 was highest. 
 
 Chas. Threshie vs. Wm. A. Paige. Class A challenge match at 
 14.2, Boston, Mass., about November 15th. — T., 400—11.11 — 48; 
 P., 203—36. 
 
 Championship of Northwest and Southwest at 18.2. A tourna- 
 ment so announced was held in St. Louis toward the close of Novem- 
 ber, and was won by Al Taylor, of Chicago. The other contestants 
 were Chas. Peterson, Frank Maggioli, and Lewis Shaw. They played 
 afternoon and night, 300 points up, and every game (600 points in 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 299 
 
 all) had two sessions. Peterson was second. It was professedly 
 a challenge championship for shortstops, but there has never been a 
 match for it. 
 
 Handicap 14.2 at Louis Bensinger's, Chicago. October 31st to 
 December 8th. — Chas. F. Conklin (scratch, 300) won every game of 
 his but the last, which was with Ed. Rein (265), who finished sec- 
 ond. Tieing Bliss for third and fourth, A. J. Brown won play-off. 
 Bliss had been the leader until Conklin, making high average (14.29), 
 defeated him by 300 to 46. 
 
 Maurice Daly's Class B 14.2 Tourney. N. Y. City, December 5 
 -14th. — Won by Albert Lewenberg, with H. A. Coleman second 
 and F. M. Canda third. The chief winning averages were 9.26 by 
 Lewenberg, 8.03 by J. B. Whitehead, and 7.58 by Canda. This was 
 the first tournament of Whitehead and James Vantine, and Canda's 
 last up to the present time. A sixth competitor was Louis A. Ser- 
 vatius. 
 
 Championship of Illinois at 18.2. Louis Bensinger's Room, Chi- 
 cago, December 12-1 7th. — Three-handed tournament among Clem 
 E. Ellison, John Matthews, and George Wheeler. Ellison, the win- 
 ner, made the best run (124 in the first half of his game with Mat- 
 thews), and the latter the best full-game average (13.33) in his con- 
 test with Wheeler. They played in double sessions of 300 points 
 each, and in his first session with Wheeler Matthews showed the 
 remarkable speed of 33.33 per inning for the 300 points. 
 
 Foley's Chicago Handicap at 14.2. October 17th to December 
 24th. — Ballard (175) lost only one game to the two each of Jenkins 
 (140) and Ed. Rein (scratch, 300). In the play-off for second prize, 
 Jenkins beat Rein. Of the other seven, J. M. Miller (200) failed tc 
 win a game. Rein made the best run and average (84 and 9.38), 
 Ballard the second-best run (37), and De Witt Cochrane the second- 
 best average (8.70). 
 
 Amateur Match, Ed. W. Gardner vs. Dr. L. L. Mial. German 
 Liederkranz Society's Rooms, December 29th. — Game 14.2. G., 300 
 —14.29—137; M., 100—46. 
 
 Northwestern Amateur Championship. West Hotel, Minneapolis, 
 Minn., November and December, Messrs. Logan, Huyck, and Camp- 
 bell tieing, playing off, and winning the first three prizes in that 
 order. Thayer made the best run (50), and Thayer, Logan, and Fre- 
 
300 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 mont tied on the best winning average (7.14). Liverman, Stephen- 
 son, and Risden were the other competitors. The game was 14.2, 200 
 up, on a 4^x9 table. 
 
 1905. 
 
 Maurice Daly's Class B Amateur Championship. Begun Janu- 
 ary 23d, N. Y. City, and won by H. A. Coleman. — In playing off tie 
 for second and third, February 3d, Wm. Gershel averaged 11.11, 
 defeating Albert Lewenberg by 300 to 119. Other contestants were 
 Chas. E. White, Louis A. Servatius, and James Vantine. Games 
 were 14.2, 300 up. 
 
 Fifth Annual Gold Cup Championship Tourney. Held in Chicago 
 January 30th to February 11th, under the auspices and at the club- 
 house of the Chicago Athletic Association. Known as the " Diamond 
 Tournament." Games, 300 points, 14.2. The day before play be- 
 gan, H. A. Wright, of San Francisco, was summoned home, his 
 father having been mortally stricken by paralysis; after playing one 
 game, defeating Edward Rein, of Chicago, J. Ferdinand Poggenburg 
 was called to New York by the death of his mother; and Rein, hav- 
 ing won from Ed. W. Gardner and lost to Chas. S. Schmitt and Wil- 
 son H. Sigourney, was forced by illness to forfeit to Chas. F. Conklin, 
 Chas. S. Norris, Byron Stark, and Charles Threshie. The C. A. A. 
 threw out the games of Poggenburg and Rein, but the subjoined 
 table retains them, inclusive of the 51 to 1 score by Conklin and Rein 
 as a factor in their general averages, as well as Poggenburg's run of 
 79, which was actually the highest of the tournament, although Conk- 
 lin's 78 was awarded the special prize in consequence of the canceling 
 of games. 
 
 W. H. R. W. A. G. A. W. H.R. W. A. G. A. 
 
 Conklin.... 7 78 11.11 7.76 Schmitt.... 3 49 8.11 5.31 
 
 Sigourney.. 7 61 10.34 7.49 Stark 2 52 5.51 
 
 Gardner.... 5 76 11.11 8.17 Rein 1 41 6.82 4.73 
 
 Norris 5 66 8.82 6.28 Poggenburg 1 79 6.97 
 
 Threshie. . . 5 45 7.89 6.02 
 
 Stark has no winning average because the two games credited to 
 him were won by forfeiture only, and Poggenburg lacks a general 
 average because of having played but one game. 
 
 Averaging 8.33, Norris won the play-off for fourth and fifth prizes 
 by 300 to 256. The championship tie was won by 300 to 231, Conk- 
 lin averaging 6.52; and Conklin averaged 9.09 in winning from 
 Gardner, by 300 to 263, the special prize for high single average. 
 
 Mussey's 14.2 Handicap, Chicago. Held in February, and won 
 by Dr. Harley C. Parker, who was at " scratch " with C. F. Conklin, 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 301 
 
 whom he defeated by 300 to 228, losing to George Kent alone. 
 Kent, Walker, Edwards, and A. J. Brown tied for second, third, 
 fourth, and fifth prizes, and agreed to divide. 
 
 A Shortstop Championship. McLaughlin's Room, N. Y. City, 
 February 27th to March 10th. — Tournament for the 14.2 shortstop 
 championship of Greater New York and vicinity. Frank Hoppe won 
 his whole four games, Louis M. Crane and Walter Aborn tied for second 
 and third prizes (Crane won play-off by 250 to 227), and Wm, Cox 
 and Fred. Harer tied for last two places, Cox winning by 250 to 160. 
 Crane made highest run and best single average, 45 and 6.94, and 
 Hoppe the best general average, 4.85. This was meant to be a chal- 
 lenge championship for an emblem given by the Brunswick-Balke- 
 Collender Co., but there have been no matches. 
 
 Philadelphia Clubmen's 14.2 Handicap. Tournament under aus- 
 pices of the Schuylkill Navy's Athletic Club, February 20th to March 
 20th. — Every man played in nine games. Dr. Uffenheimer, of the 
 Pennsylvania University Club, won his every game but one, and 
 that the opening one, in which Hovey defeated him by 20. 
 
 H. G.W. H. R. H.A. G.A. 
 
 T. Mortimer S. Rolls 325 6 47 9.56 5.51 
 
 J. E. Cope Morton 275 6 47 5.85 4.31 
 
 Dr. Wm. E. Uffenheimer 240 8 36 5.59 4.30 
 
 Julius J. Hovey 240 5 35 6.86 3.74 
 
 Dr. F. W. Holden 240 5 25 4.71 3.46 
 
 C. A. Borda 240 3 30 3.93 3.05 
 
 James S. Alcorn 225 6 53 5.62 3.08 
 
 Walter R. McShea 225 3 24 4.26 2.70 
 
 H. P. Moon 225 1 25 3.14 2.44 
 
 W. A. Hawley 225 2 27 3 2.73 
 
 Alcorn, who made the highest run in the tourney proper, was de- 
 feated in the play-offs by both Rolls and Morton. In defeating Al- 
 corn, Morton surpassed his tournamental average by making 5.98, 
 and Rolls made 7.22, surpassed only by his 9.56 in beating Moon by 
 325 to 82. Also defeating Rolls in the play-off (275 to 292, with 
 5.73 for winning average), Morton secured second prize. 
 
 French Championship of the World at 14.2. Classes A and B 
 were both determined in March. The Class B tourney, held first, 
 was won by Roudil, of Montpellier, who lost but one of his six games, 
 and tied Nelys, of Fontainebleau, as to highest run (51), but was sec- 
 ond in winning average (6.81) to Rose, of Paris (7.89), who lost four 
 games. RoudiPs general average was 4.79, which was second to 
 
302 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Nelys' 4.99. The winner of second prize was Pleindoux, of Beziers, 
 who won four games, and yet was the only one of the seven whose 
 general average (3.72) failed to pass 4. 
 
 Lueien Rerolle won Class A, although he lost one game to Letellier 
 by 400 to 259, the winning average being 16. 
 
 W.H.R. W. A. G. A. W. H.R. W. A. G. A. 
 
 Rerolle.... 3 118 20 15.55 DeDree.... 2 54 9.09 8.36 
 
 Darantiere.. 2 47 14.29 10.78 Artus 1 108 9.30 7.80 
 
 Letellier.... 2 85 16 9.58 
 
 In the play-offs, Darantiere scored 400 to 213 and averaged 14.29 
 against Letellier, and 400 to 218, with an average of 16.67, against 
 De Dree; and Letellier, in defeating De Dree, averaged 11.11, making 
 the ninth winning average above 10 in thirteen games. The play- 
 off high runs were: Darantiere, 82; Letellier, 72; De Dr6e, 60. 
 
 The average of the tournament may be roundly expressed as 10.35, 
 exclusive of the three tie-games. 
 
 Bensinger 14.2 Handicap, Chicago. Ed. Rein won by defeating 
 C. F. Conklin in the final game, about March 15th, leaving Conklin 
 tied for minor prizes with Thos. J. Nolan and Dr. Harley Parker. 
 Conklin and Nolan defeated Parker in the play-offs. 
 
 Amateur 14.2 Handicap in Brooklyn, N. Y. Frank A. Keeney's 
 Room, February, March, and April. — Won by J. M. Millette (225), 
 who lost but one game out of seven. Chas. E. White (scratch, 260) 
 and Wm. A. Leonard (200) tied on 5 — 2, and no one else did better 
 than 3 — 4, which was the tally of Louis A. Servatius (230), Frank A. 
 Boyd (225), and John A. Keane (220). The other two were Geo. 
 C. Seeley (200) and Henry Hoxie (190). The best winning aver- 
 ages were White's 7.03 and Leonard's 4.76, the best general averages 
 White's 5.72 and Millette's 3.89, and the best runs Leonard's 43 and 
 Servatius and White's 41 each. 
 
 Jacob Schaefer vs. W. F. Hoppe. Three nights of 18.2, John Mil- 
 ler's Room, New Orleans, April 18th, 19th, 20th.— S., 1500—16.85 
 —117; H.. 1467—118. 
 
 French " Championship of the World " at 18.2. Paris held a tour- 
 nament in April and May. — The winner was Van Duppen, of Ant- 
 werp. Totals were made public, but not averages and runs. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 303 
 
 Maurice Daly's Class B. N. Y. City, May 22-26th.— " Even up" 
 at 14 :2. Neither having won a game, Wm. Gershel and Albert Lew- 
 enberg did not play the scheduled sixth and last. 
 
 W. H. R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 Mark Muldaur 3 41 7.14 6.05 
 
 H.A.Coleman 2 44 8.33 6.17 
 
 A. Lewenberg 26 5.03 
 
 Wm. Gershel 46 .... 3.70 
 
 Foley's Summer Class B Handicap, 14.2. Chicago, 111., May 15th 
 to October 13th. — Twelve entries, J. M. Miller (scratch, 200) tieing 
 Roney (145) and C. L. Jackson (200) for first, second, and third. 
 Harris (200) made the highest run, 41, and Jackson, new to tourna- 
 ments, the best winning average, 6.90. Playing off the ties put 
 Jackson, ^liller, and Roney from first to third. 
 
 Summer 14.^ Tourney at Daly's. N. Y. City, June 12-21 st, — 
 Won by Eddie Foy, beaten only by W. Wef ers, who made the high- 
 est run (31), which was duplicated by M. Conly, whose winning aver- 
 age (4.65) was second only to R. Dittman's 6.45, and whose general 
 average, 3.42, was highest of all. Games were 200 up, L. Wormser 
 winning none, and S. B. De Young, Dittman, and Wefers tied on 3 
 — 2 for second, third, and fourth prizes, play-offs resulting as those 
 players are named. 
 
 Al Taylor's Stunt at 18.2. Wagered that he could not average 15 
 in six sessions at Foley's Room, Chicago, week ending June 24th, 
 Taylor to choose his opponent and selecting George Wheeler, he 
 failed by 20 per cent: T., 2500—12.14—104; W., 1683—74. 
 
 Three-handed 18.2. Louis Bensinger's Room, Chicago, week end- 
 ing September 2d. — Games played in double sessions. Clem E. Elli- 
 son won, defeating both George Wheeler and Frank Maggioli, who 
 came out even. Wheeler made highest run (120) and average (21.40), 
 but it was against Maggioli. Against the safer Ellison, who won by 
 600 to 523, he could not reach 9.50. Maggioli lost to Ellison by 449 
 to 600. 
 
 Amateur Championship at 14.2. Challenge match, 4£x9 table, 
 West Hotel, Minneapolis, about September 7th. — Ed. Huyck (cham- 
 pion), 200—5.26—30; W. F. Thayer, 142—26. 
 
 Maurice Daly's Class A Handicap at 18.2. N. Y. City, October 
 2-7th.— H. A. Coleman (240) was first; J. Ferd. Poggenburg (300), 
 
304 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 second; Wm. Gershel (240), third; and Dr. Walter G. Douglas (240), 
 fourth. Poggenburg, whom Coleman defeated by 240 to 232 in the 
 opening game, made the highest three runs of the tourney, 60, 73, 
 and 54, and also the highest average, 12, first against Douglas, and 
 again in defeating Gershel. Coleman's 44 was the fourth highest 
 run, and his 8.57 the highest average next to Poggenburg's 12. 
 Gershel's winning average was 5.33. The general averages were: 
 Poggenburg, 8.95; Coleman, 6.05; Gershel, 5.72; Douglas, 4.88. 
 
 Class B 14.2 in San Francisco. "The Savoy," September and 
 October. — Won by George Kennedy. High average, 10, was made 
 by Wm. Maguire. Within a few days, these two played 1,000 up at 
 Jas. F. Morley's Rooms, Kennedy winning by 31 and averaging 6.90. 
 
 Handicap 14.2 in Portland, Ore. J. G. Reddick's Room, Septem- 
 ber and October. — W. F. Lowry, A. Clark, W. R. Cody, and J. 
 Mayer played 250 to C. B. Hansen's 160. When last heard from here, 
 Lowry or Clark should have been winner-in-chief. 
 
 D6but of Calvin Demarest in Tournament. W. P. Mussey's 
 Room, Chicago, October 2d to November 9th. — Handicap at 14.2, 
 Demarest and C. F. Conklin being the " scratchmen " at 300. Four 
 of the competitors — Conklin, Collins, Huntley, and A. J. Brown — 
 were at the same time playing in the tournament at Bensinger's, 
 recorded below. Walker was another competitor. Demarest won 
 Mussey's, winning every game and making the highest run, single 
 average, and general average, viz., 79, 13.04, and 9.95. 
 
 Handicap 14:2 at Bensinger's, Chicago. October 2d to December 
 13th.— C. F. Conklin and Ed. Rein at "scratch" (300), and other 
 contestants being Messrs. Huntley, May, Barrett, Collins, Dr. Harley 
 Parker, T. J. Nolan, and A. J. Brown. Opening with Collins, Rein 
 made his best average, 11.11; in early defeating May, Conklin ran 
 92, the best of the tourney; and in the final game, in which he de- 
 feated Rein by 300 to 109, he made the best average, 17.67. This 
 tied Conklin, Parker, and Huntley (and the play-off placed them in 
 that succession), put Rein fourth, and tied Brown and Nolan for 
 fifth and sixth, and May and Barrett for eighth and ninth. 
 
 Final Contest for the Gold Cup. By agreement of those chiefly 
 concerned, it was decided to end this series of annual amateur com- 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 305 
 
 petitions, begun in 1901, by holding a tournament of the Cup's five 
 winners. Two, Arthur R. Townsend and Wilson P. Foss, did not 
 play. This proffered the other three an opportunity for two 300- 
 point games apiece, November 27th to December 2d, at the rooms 
 of the German Liederkranz Society, N. Y. City, and with these re- 
 sults : 
 
 G.W. T.P. H.R. H.W.A. G. A. 
 
 J. F. Poggenburg 4 1200 91 15 12. 
 
 Ed. W. Gardner 1 903 59 8.82 7.99 
 
 Chas. F. Conklin 1 999 58 8.82 8.83 
 
 The Gold Cup thereupon became the personal property of Poggen- 
 burg, who lost no game, while Gardner and Conklin lost one to each 
 other. 
 
 Phenomenally Close and Uniform Play Maurice Daly's, N. Y. 
 City, December ll-22d. — Six games apiece, 300 up, 14.2. 
 
 W. H.R. W.A. GA. 
 
 Wm. Gershel 5 82 7.14 5.77 
 
 VanVleck 4 46 6.67 4.99 
 
 Dr. W. G. Douglas 3 51 9.68 5.94 
 
 A. Lewenberg 3 57 7 . 14 5 . 25 
 
 H.A.Coleman 2 52 5.66 5.35 
 
 Mark Muldaur 2 46 6 . 38 5 . 34 
 
 C E. White 2 53 5.77 5.28 
 
 Every general average was in the 5 block but Van Vleck's 4.99. 
 Six of the high winning averages were only 20 per cent apart in their 
 extremes, 5.66 and 7.14. GersheFs 82 apart, the extremes of the 
 high runs, too, were at only 20 per cent variance. Nearly one-fifth 
 of the twenty-one games (ties were not played off) were won by 
 fewer than 10 points, and about one-half by fewer than 30. 
 
 Professional Tournaments at 18.2. Beginning at Frank A. Keen- 
 ey's Room, Brooklyn, December 11— 16th, going thence to Maurice 
 Daly's, Manhattan, January 1-6, 1906, and from there to Splaine & 
 Cutler's, Boston, January 15-20th, Thomas J. Gallagher, Edward 
 McLaughlin, and Albert G. Cutler took part in doubled games, or 
 400 points separately, twice around. McLaughlin won in Brooklyn, 
 and Cutler in Manhattan and Boston. The striking features of the 
 whole play were Cutler's run of 193 and average of 40 in Boston, 
 where Charles F. Campbell was added; and it was in his second game 
 with Campbell that Cutler made both run and average. 
 
306 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1906. 
 
 Foley's 14.2 Handicap, Chicago. Begun October 19th, and fin- 
 ished January 5, 1906.— Jackson (200) and Van Haften (170) tied 
 for first and second, and Jenkins and Roney, 140 each, for third and 
 fourth. Jackson and Jenkins won. High run (33) was made by 
 Cochrane (200), and he and Jackson tied on high single average, 
 which was 7.15. J. M. Miller, another "scratchman," lost his whole 
 eight games. 
 
 McLaughlin, Gallagher, and Cutler. See "Professional Tourna- 
 ments at 18.2," last paragraph of 1905 but one. 
 
 Crescent A. C. Championship, Brooklyn, N. Y. Doubled games 
 of 14.2. The tourney narrowed down to Dr. H. D. Jennings vs. 
 Geo. A. Fish. The latter had won their first game, but on January 
 16th lost the second by 250 to 155. Next night they played off, 
 and the Doctor, running 44 and averaging 5.56, acquired the year's 
 championship by 250 to 151. 
 
 Class C 14.2 at Daly's. N. Y. City, January 22-31st. — Conway won 
 without a losing, and Eddie Foy tied Wormser for second and third 
 prizes. Dittman's 37 won the high prize, and that for high average, 
 5.58, was played off by him and Conway on February 6th, the latter 
 winning. 
 
 Philadelphia Clubmen's Handicap at 14.2. Begun February 19th 
 in the hall of the Philadelphia Athletic Club, the "scratchmen" 
 (300) being T. Mortimer S. Rolls, of the Arts and the Belmont Cricket 
 Club, and J. E. Cope Morton, of the Germantown Cricket Club. Dr. 
 Wm. E. Uffenheimer (275) represented the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and James S. Alcorn (260) and Joseph Mayer (260) the Law- 
 yers' and the Mutual Club. The other participants were J. Julius 
 Hovey (260), and Charles A. Shedaker, Charles Stiltz, and Warren 
 A. Hawley, all three at 240. The Phila. A. C. gave three prizes: 
 hall clock for first, silver candelabra for second, and a modern double 
 reading lamp for third. Afternoon and night, about 5000 persons 
 witnessed the games by invitation. 
 
 W. H. R. W. A. G. A. W. H.R. W. A. G. A. 
 
 Rolls 8 46 8.57 5.65 Alcorn 4 32 4.41 3.65 
 
 Morton 7 43 6.12 4.85 Stiltz 3 29 4.71 3.31 
 
 Uffenheimer. 3 41 5.73 4.37 Shedaker.... 2 32 4.36 2.97 
 
 Hovey 4 33 4.91 3.80 Hawley 1 34 3.58 2.85 
 
 Mayer 4 40 5.65 3.89 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 307 
 
 Championship of the World at 18.1. Grand Hotel, Paris, Janu- 
 ary 15th, match for the championship and $500 a side between 
 Maurice Vignaux, of France (champion), and Wm. F. Hoppe, of 
 America, challenger. H., 500—20.83—93; V., 323—61. Winner's 
 run average is the highest to date for any 18.1 championship 
 match. (For other matches of the two 18.1 series see pp. 277-78, 
 285-86, 295 and 308.) 
 
 Professional 18.2 in Four Cities. Beginning on February 5th 
 at "The Casino," Philadelphia, Harry Cline, Al Taylor, Ed. 
 McLaughlin, T. J. Gallagher, and Albert G. Cutler played a round a 
 week in that city, Trenton, N. J., Maurice Daly's in Manhattan, and 
 Frank A. Keeney's in Brooklyn, the chief prize being a loving cup 
 presented by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. Taken ill, Mc- 
 Laughlin had to withdraw in Philadelphia. He played one game 
 in Trenton, the second stand, but had then to withdraw for good. 
 This series of games involved no championship. Cline won the cup, 
 and also made the highest averages, as a rule, but Gallagher made 
 the highest run (138). The best average was Cline's 22.22, all 
 games being 400 up. At Daly's, Cline, Cutler, and Gallagher tied, 
 but did not play off. At Keeney's, Gallagher and Cline tied, and 
 did play off, Cline winning. 
 
 New National Amateur Championship at 14.2. This, succeeding 
 that of the " Brooklyn Eagle " Gold Cup of 1901-5, was established 
 by the Chicago Athletic Association, the medium being a tourna- 
 ment held at their gymnasium, Michigan Avenue, March 12th to 
 21st. Inclusive of an ornate silver cup, serving the winner-in- 
 chief as a perpetual memento of the initial tourney, all the prizes 
 but one were given by the C. A. A., the exception being another 
 silver cup, proffered by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., sym- 
 bolizing the American amateur championship, and needing to be 
 won by someone in two annual tournaments to confer permanent 
 possession. Games consisted of 300 points, and were fifteen in 
 number, exclusive of the three ties, which determined second, third, 
 and fourth prizes in favor of Demarest, Poggenburg, and Wright, 
 the game between the latter two at the same time deciding their 
 tie for high-average prize in favor of Poggenburg. 
 
 W. H.R. W. A. G.A. 
 
 Ed. W. Gardner 5 88 13.64 8.15 
 
 Calvin Demarest 3 83 14. 29 12 . 07 
 
 J. F. Poggenburg 3 112 16.67 8.69 
 
 H.A.Wright 3 127 16.67 9.66 
 
 C. F. Conklin 1 90 7.14 7.43 
 
 Chas. S. Norris 51 6.37 
 
308 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 That Conklin, who until then was titular champion, averaged 
 higher as loser than as winner was due to his winning but one game. 
 
 In his play-off with Wright, Demarest averaged 17.65. 
 
 Alike in direct execution and in generalship when preferable at 
 times, the playing was of a high order, as suggested by the average 
 of the fifteen regular games, which was 8.70; and there was scarcely 
 a particular in which the tournament was not a gratifying success. 
 
 French Amateur Championship of the World at 14:2. Paris, 
 France, February and March. — Class B: 
 
 W. H. R. W. A. G. A. W. H. R. W. A. G. A. 
 
 Labouret.... 5 68 6.97 4.89 DeVauce.... 2 35 6.12 4.44 
 
 Roudil 4 55 7.14 5.05 Larcher 1 42 7.14 4.87 
 
 Duluard 3 43 7.14 5.17 Deconde 31 2.98 
 
 In the preliminary, Labouret had 9.37 for high winning average 
 and 6.87 for general, while Duluard had 6.97 and 6.25. 
 
 In Class A, the 133 and 100 were run in the opening game, wherein 
 Sutra, though twice running 100, lost by 400 to 397 to Rerolle, who 
 averaged 16.67. On the other hand, when Rerolle made his best 
 average, which was against Hecking, his best run was only 72. 
 The average of the tournament was 10.60. 
 
 W. H. R. W. A. G. A. W H.R. W.A. G. A. 
 
 ReroUe 3 133 19.04 13.44 Darantiere... 1 67 10.26 10.39 
 
 Sutra 2 100 13.33 11.62 Hecking 53 7.22 
 
 Championship of the World at 18.1. Grand Central Palace, 
 Xew York City, March 27th. — Third match contest of the second 
 series for the world's championship at 18.1 and S500 a side. Wm. 
 F. Hoppe, champion, 500 — 10.64 — 56; Geo. F. Slosson, 391—61. 
 In its financial aspect, the attendance surpassed that of any other 
 one-night billiard match ever played. 
 
 Fourth match contest. Madison Square Garden Concert Hall, 
 Xew York City, October 17th : W. F. Hoppe (champion), 500 — 10.64 
 — 96; Jacob Schaefer, 472 — 42. 
 
 Handicap 14.2 at Frank A. Keeney's, Brooklyn. Interrupted 
 by illnesses and also postponed nine days by a professional tourna- 
 ment, this lasted from January 29th to March 16th, when there were 
 ties yet to play. C. E. White, scratchman at 275, of course made 
 the highest average (6.40), but near the finish lost three games 
 straight to Keane, Smith, and Boyd. Leaders in high runs were 
 Leonard, White, Boyd, and Robinson, with 35, 33, 30, and 30. 
 Servatius was another contestant. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 309 
 
 Championship of the World at 18.2, Second Series. Maurice 
 Vignaux's term as champion expiring in 1905, the jeweled emblem 
 became his, and the first series of games for the championship of 18.2 
 came to an end. The second were instituted in Madison Square 
 Garden Concert Hall, New York City, by a tournament of 500-point 
 games held April 9-2 1st, with a tie-game between Sutton and Schaefer 
 on the 23d. The prizes were a silver cup (championship emblem), 
 and $3000 in cash, both given by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender 
 Co., the entrance fees of $250 apiece, and the door receipts above 
 expenses. This net amounted to $4200, which, added to the $3000 
 purse and the aggregate entrance fees ($1750), made the realization 
 $8950 for the five most successful players. The tournament was 
 the costliest ever held, as well as the heaviest in receipts. 
 
 W. H.R. W. A. G. A. 
 
 George F. Slosson, New York ($3580) ... 5 153 33.33 18.47 
 
 George Sutton, from Paris ($2237.50)... . 4 234 100.00 24.14 
 
 Jacob Schaefer, Chicago ($1342.50) 4 171 31.25 22.94 
 
 Wm. F. Hoppe, New York ($1074) 3 177 27.78 20.44 
 
 Louis Cure, from Paris ($716) 2 100 20 . 83 15.14 
 
 Albert G. Cutler, Boston 2 146 17.24 14.46 
 
 Orlando E. Morningstar, New York 1 82 9 . 26 10 . 89 
 
 Average of tournament, 18.24. 
 
 The play-offs were won by Cure from Cutler, and Sutton from 
 Schaefer. 
 
 Madison Square Garden Concert Hall, New York City, October 
 18th. — First match ($500 a side): George Sutton (challenger), 500 
 — 31.25 — 202; George F. Slosson (champion), 375 — 75. 
 
 Grand Central Palace, New York City, December 18th. — Second 
 match ($500 a side): George Sutton (champion), 500 — 107 — 26.32; 
 Wm. F. Hoppe (challenger), 258 — 78. 
 
 Continued under years 1906, 1907, 1908. 
 
 Professional Tournament in Chicago. Thomas Orchestra Hall, 
 May 7-12th. — Games 18.2, 500 points up, for a purse of $2000 guar- 
 anteed by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., and divided pro rata. 
 Ties were not plaved off. 
 
 W. H.R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 Wm. F. Hoppe 4 307 62.50 27.78 
 
 Geo. Sutton 3 236 83 . 33 29 . 25 
 
 Jacob Schaefer 1 107 17.24 19.98 
 
 Louis Cure 1 126 23 . 81 18 . 69 
 
 Geo. F. Slosson 1 142 26 . 32 16 . 72 
 
 Average of tournament, 21.97. This is high, but it was by five 
 chosen players out of seven, which five had aggregately averaged 
 20.11 in the championship tournament in New York City. 
 
310 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 In Chicago, the aggregates of triple-figure runs were: Slosson's, 
 260; Schaefer's, 393; Cure's, 452; Hoppe 's, 537; Sutton's, 1008. In 
 New York: Cure's, 200; Hoppe's, 427; Slosson's, 478; Schaefer's, 
 611; Sutton's, 858. 
 
 Class B 18.2 at Maurice Daly's. New York City, closing as 
 follows on May 23d: 
 
 W. 
 
 M. Muldaur, 300 5 
 
 H. A. Coleman, 300 5 
 
 A. Brock, 300 4 
 
 A. Lewenberg, 300 3 
 
 Tomsone, 270 2 
 
 Wiener, 240 2 
 
 Strauss, 240 
 
 Muldaur won play-off for first prize. 
 
 .R. 
 
 W.A. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 77 
 
 8.33 
 
 5.67 
 
 47 
 
 6.98 
 
 5.90 
 
 53 
 
 8.82 
 
 5.85 
 
 88 
 
 6.00 
 
 5.54 
 
 31 
 
 4.66 
 
 4.42 
 
 37 
 
 5.71 
 
 4.08 
 
 46 
 
 
 3.32 
 
 Calvin Demarest vs. A. J. Brown. W. P. Mussey's Room, Chicago, 
 week ending October 13th. — Undertaking to play 2000 points of 
 14.2 to Brown's* 1000, Demarest failed to reach 400 on any of the 
 five nights, and scored but 1550 in all. Brown on the final night 
 made his 200 at a 9.52 gait. 
 
 Minor Championship of America at 18.2. Concert Hall of Xew 
 York Theatre, November 19th to December 1st. — Tournament for 
 gold-lined silver challenge emblem, presented by the Brunswick- 
 Balke-Collender Co., and 50, 25, 15, 5, and 5 per cent, of $950, of 
 which S775 were subscribed by that company ($500) and the follow- 
 ing named roomkeepers: Timothy Flynn and Maurice Daly ($100 
 each), Frank A. Keeney ($50), and Keyser & Garraty ($25). " In the 
 tournament, Boston was represented by Albert G. Cutler,Philadelphia 
 by Henry P. Cline, Chicago by Al Taylor, St. Louis by Charles Peter- 
 son, and Xew York City by T. J. Gallagher, Edward McLaughlin, 
 and Frank Hoppe. Games, 400 points. 
 
 W. H.R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 Cutler 5 162 26.67 14.31 
 
 Cline 5 109 25.00 14.52 
 
 Gallagher 4 118 18.18 10.02 
 
 McLaughlin 3 80 12.90 9.15 
 
 Tavlor 3 94 20.00 13.33 
 
 Peterson 1 56 14 . 29 9 . 26 
 
 Hoppe 37 6.02 
 
 Cutler was defeated by Gallagher only (400 to 200), and Cline by 
 none but Cutler (400 to 288). Their tie was played off at Maurice 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 311 
 
 Daly's Room on December 3d, and Cutler won by 400 to 230, with 
 13.33 for average and 47 for high run, Cline's being 44. The tie 
 between Taylor and McLaughlin was not decided. There was never 
 a challenge for the emblem, which became Cutler's personal property 
 on December 3, 1907, the championship itself then expiring. 
 
 Chicago 14.2 Handicap. W. P. Mussey's Room, November. — 
 With 13.64 as best average and 10.50 as general average, Calvin 
 Demarest won his whole seven games, and A. J. Brown, with five 
 victories, won second prize. 
 
 Amateur 18.2 Tournament. Maurice Daly's Room, New York 
 City, December 10-1 5th. — Games, 250 points. 
 
 W. H. R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 C. A. Van Vleck 4 33 6.76 4.69 
 
 F. M. Canda 3 33 7.58 5.62 
 
 Wm. Gershel 1 48 5.43 5.11 
 
 W. H. Tomsone 1 53 6.10 4.55 
 
 Mark Muldaur 1 37 6.76 4.63 
 
 Mixed Amateur and Professional Handicap. L. Bensinger's 
 Room, Chicago, December. — Defeating A. J. Brown by 230 to 58 on 
 an average of 17.69 and a high run of 85, C. F. Conklin closed his 
 series without having lost a game. George Wheeler, professional, 
 was second, and Edward Rein, amateur, with two games won and 
 three lost, tied Frank Maggioli, professional, for third and fourth 
 prizes. The play was 18:2. 
 
 1907. 
 
 Maxine Thomas's Formal New York Debut. Maurice Daly's 
 Room, December 31, 1906, and January 1-2, 1907. Style, 18.2. 
 Averaging 16.46, and having 102 for high run, T. J. Gallagher won 
 by 1200 to 889. 
 
 Calvin Demarest vs. Ora Mornings tar. W. P. Mussey's Room, 
 Chicago, January 14th to 19th. — Exhibition six nights' game at 
 18.2, Morningstar to make 500 points nightly to Demarest's 300, but 
 failing on the whole by 792. Demarest averaged 16.36 in his 1800, 
 with 152 for high run to Morningstar 's 143. 
 
312 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 World's Championship and $500 a Side at 18.2. (See p. 309 for 
 earlier contests of second series.) Orchestra Hall, Chicago, January 
 21st, third match. — George Sutton (champion), 500 — 71 — 17.86; 
 Orlando C. Morningstar (challenger), 472 — 72. 
 
 Same hall, November 5th. — Fourth match. George Sutton 
 (champion), 500—232—33.33; Jacob Schaefer (challenger), 241—93. 
 
 Lenox Lyceum, New York City, January 27, 1908. — Fifth match. 
 George Sutton (champion), 500 — 93 — 7.46; Orlando C. Morningstar 
 (challenger), 309—26 — 4.68. 
 
 Madison Square Garden Concert Hall, New York City, March 27, 
 1908.— Sixth match. George Sutton (champion), 272—83; Wm. F. 
 Hoppe (challenger), 500—99—20.83. The week following, Hoppe 
 returned the emblem to its donors. There being no challenge pend- 
 ing, this closed the second 18.2 series. 
 
 Interclub Handicap Championship. Philadelphia, February, 
 1907.— Game 14.2. T. Mortimer S. Rolls (scratch, 300) was first, 
 with 11.54 for best winning average; J. E. C. Morton second, with 
 7.24; and Joseph Mayer third, with 5.48. The other contestants were 
 James S. Alcorn, J. Julius Hovey, Dr. W. E. Uffenheimer, and Warren 
 A. Hawley. High runs were lighter than usual in this series, but the 
 general play was better. 
 
 18.2 vs. 14.2. L. Bensinger's Room, Chicago, six nights, closing 
 February 23d.— C. F. Conklin, 1800 at 14.2, with 11.76 for average; 
 George Wheeler, 1419 at 18.2. 
 
 National Amateur Championship at 14.2. — See year 1908. 
 
 Minneapolis Amateur 14.2 Championship. February. — Defeating 
 J. C. Fremont in the final game, Edward Huyck retained the Bruns- 
 wick-Balke-Collender medal. Dr. Parker tied Wilmot for second and 
 third prizes. 
 
 World's Championship at 18.1. (Series continued from 1905-6.) — 
 On January 2, 1907, electing to go abroad, Wm. F. Hoppe forfeited 
 the championship and $250 to George Sutton, who was soon chal- 
 lenged by Jacob Schaefer. 
 
 Orchestra Hall, Chicago, March 11th. — Contest for 18.1 champion- 
 ship and regulation stake, $500 a side. George Sutton (champion), 
 448—51 ; Jacob Schaefer, 500 — 100 — 13.88. 
 
 Same hall and terms, December 2d. — Jacob Schaefer (champion), 
 500—88—11.63; George Sutton (challenger), 486—37. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 313 
 
 Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, January 23, 1908. — Same terms 
 as before. Jacob Schaefer (champion), 500 — 59 — 7.69; Albert G. 
 Cutler (challenger), 476 — 56. 
 
 Orchestra Hall, Chicago, March 11th. — Same terms as before. 
 Jacob Schaefer (champion), 500 — 95 — 14.29; Wm. F. Hoppe (chal- 
 lenger), 423 — 59. Owing to illness, Schaefer forfeited in May, 1908, 
 to Sutton, who had challenged in the prior February. 
 
 French "Amateur Championnat du Monde." Third and last 
 annual tournament of the series, and held at the Billiard Palace, 
 Paris, closing March 15, 1907. — The victor was Lucien Rerolle, 
 Darantiere and Francois tying for second and third prizes. Next 
 to Rerolle's 17.39, 20, 21.05, and 26.67, Darantiere's 16.67 was the 
 highest winning average. The only triple-figure runs were Daran- 
 tiere's 130 and Rerolle's 103. The other contestants were Pasco, 
 Blanc, and Mortier. The last withdrew after losing his first two 
 games, one to Rerolle, and the latter was the only unbeaten player. 
 This was Rerolle's fourth successive annual triumph, and brought 
 this particular championship to a close, it having been projected for 
 14.2. The first annual he won was projected for 18.2, and its cham- 
 pionship ended with the tournament that instituted it. The other 
 had to be won three times, we think. 
 
 N. Y. A. C. Championship at 14.2. May, and again won by Dr. 
 Walter G. Douglas, who in this tournament had but two competitors. 
 
 Calvin Demarest vs. Clarence Jackson. Exhibition at 14.2, 
 October l-4th, first and third nights at W. P. Mussey's Room, and 
 second and fourth at Thomas Foley's. — Demarest was to go to 1200 
 against Jackson's 800, but failed by 42 points, although making five 
 runs — 127, 122, 77, 73, and 64 — superior to his opponent's best, 
 which was 58. The winning average, as near as can be ascertained 
 in penalty of resuming play in an irregular way on three of the four 
 nights, was 9.88. In reason, it should have been higher. 
 
 C. F. Conklin vs. Clarence Jackson. Chicago, week ending October 
 26th, four nights of exhibition 14.2 alternately at Thomas Foley's 
 and A. M. Clark's Room, Conklin playing 1200 to 1000, and winning 
 by 23, with an average approximately 10.50. High runs — Jackson, 
 80; Conklin, 79. 
 
314 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Amateur Championship of Oregon. Portland, Ore., October, 
 last of the three 14.2 contests for the gold medal. — W. C. Duniway, 
 who had won the other two, was also victor now, with an average 
 of 5.13, although MacBisaillon, his opponent on this occasion, made 
 the highest run (41) when he had but 50 to go to Duniway's 9. The 
 final score was 200 to 198. 
 
 T. J. Gallagher vs. Ora Morningstar at 18.2. Maurice Daly's 
 Room, New York City, October 28th to November 2d, the latter to 
 play 2500 to 1800.— Gallagher, 1800 — 150—16.09; Morningstar, 
 1467—79. 
 
 Gallagher vs. Ed. McLaughlin. Maurice Daly's, New York City, 
 November 4-9 th, six nights of 18.2.— Gallagher, 1800—80 — 14.06; 
 McLaughlin, 1571 — 105. 
 
 11 Imperial " Class B Tournament at 14.2. L. A. Curtis's Room, 
 Boston, closing November 6th. — Prior, who won his whole five games 
 and made the highest run (36), was winner of the gold watch. Parker, 
 beaten only by Prior, was second, besides being high in both averages, 
 4 for single and 3.42 for general. 
 
 Trenton, N. J., Tournament. Held in November, and tied for by 
 three whose playing off placed them in this order: Wm. Allen, of the 
 Mercer County Wheelmen, first prize; Whitehead, second; and 
 Fischer, third. 
 
 Foley's Class A 14.2 Handicap. Thomas Foley's Room, Chicago, 
 ending week of December ll-16th. — Ten competitors, with Clarence 
 Jackson as scratchman (300). With 84 and 17.65 as the highest run 
 and winning average of the tournament, and with a general average 
 of 10.96, Jackson won every game but that with A. J. Brown, w T ho 
 tied W. K. Cochrane for third and fourth, Percy Collins being second. 
 Collins and Brown were at 260, and Cochrane at 200. Brown had 
 second highest run, 56, and Collins second highest winning average, 
 10.40. 
 
 George F. Slosson vs. Albert G. Cutler. Slosson's Room, New 
 York City, December 9-21st, two exhibition games at 18.2. — Slosson 
 won the first by 1800 to 1430, and the second by 1800 to 1518. 
 Neither game went beyond 10 in winning average, and the highest 
 runs were 77 by Cutler and 72 by Slosson. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 315 
 
 1908. 
 
 World's Championship at 18.1 and 18.2. For contests in 1908, 
 see pp. 312-13. 
 
 Crescent A. C. Annual 14.2 Championship. At Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 ending January 3d. — Tournament won by Dr. H. D. Jennings from 
 E. A. Clough (second prize) in final game, increased from 200 to 300 
 points. Jennings, 300—41—5.77; Clough, 145—29. The highest 
 average of the tournament, 8.33, was by Jennings in defeating Banker 
 by 200 to 49. 
 
 Knickerbocker Annual 14.2 Handicap. F. A. Keeney's Room, 
 Brooklyn, tournament closing January 1st. — J. Ferdinand Poggen- 
 burg (400), Chas. E. White (250), Frank Boyd (225), and Walter A. 
 Leonard (220) tied for first four places. Playing off the ties made 
 the winning order White, Leonard, Boyd, and Poggenburg. Naturally, 
 the scratchman (Poggenburg) made the highest run and average, 
 which were 136 and 11.11 in his last regular game, won from Boyd by 
 69. The second highest run was 69, made by J. M. Millette (230) 
 when averaging 5.90 in defeating Poggenburg by 111. The other 
 contestants were Christian Scheidig (250), Dr. H. D. Jennings (230), 
 and John A. Keane (185). 
 
 E. W. Gardner vs. Ferdinand Poggenburg. Tim Flynn's Room, 
 New York City, January 31st. — Match at 18.2 for one hundred 
 cigars. Gardner, 400 — 89 — 11.76; Poggenburg, 345 — 60. 
 
 T. J. Gallagher vs. Ora Morningstar. February 3-7th, match 
 of single games of 400 points at 18.2 for a purse subscribed by patrons 
 of Maurice Daly's Room. — Gallagher won the three middle games, 
 and Morningstar the two at the extremes. The highest run, 136, 
 and the highest winning average, 28.57, were made by Morningstar 
 in the final game, which was of no use to either. Gallagher's best run 
 and highest winning average were 85 and 26.67. 
 
 California 18.2 Handicap. W. H. Berry's Room, Los Angeles, 
 January 27th to February 1st. 
 
 W. H.R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 H. A. Wright (400) 1 111 14.81 15.17 
 
 George Kennedy (300) 3 57 11 . 54 9 .48 
 
 Wm. Maguire (300) 1 65 11.11 9.82 
 
 Frank A. Du Bois (200) 1 52 9.09 5.80 
 
316 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Kennedy and Maguire rate as professionals. The one victory of 
 Du Bois, with its average of 9.09, was over Wright, all of whose 
 games were so near victories that his general average surpasses his 
 highest winning one. 
 
 Championship of Wisconsin at 14.2. Coleman & Perrigo's Room, 
 Milwaukee, Wis., tournament ending February 25th in the sixth 
 regular game, which, between James Brown and Alexander Emslie, 
 determined first and second places, Brown winning by 300 to 147, 
 and making at once the highest run (36) and the highest average 
 (7.32) of the tournament. With Thomas Bigelow, winner of third 
 prize. Brown and Emslie represented Milwaukee, Charles H. 
 Schweizer coming from La Crosse. 
 
 W. W. A. G. A. 
 
 Brown 3 7.32 6.00 
 
 Emslie 2 5.45 4.64 
 
 Bigelow 1 4.76 4.29 
 
 Schweizer .... 3 . 14 
 
 Roomkeepers' 18.2 Championship of Wisconsin. Tournament 
 closed April 22d, Milwaukee, with decisive game: H. A. Coleman, 
 300 — 47—6.98; John Hahman, 221—32. 
 
 National Amateur Championship at 14.2. Instituted March 12 
 to 21, 1906 (see that year), this was continued in March, 1907, at 
 the rooms of the German Liederkranz Society, X. Y. City, with the 
 results in the table first appended, and concluded at the rooms of 
 the Chicago, 111., Athletic Association, March 14r-23, 1908, as set 
 forth in the second table. 
 
 W. H. R. W. A. G. A. 
 
 Calvin Demarest 5 115 27.27 14.85 
 
 C. F. Conklin 3 68 12.00 9.18 
 
 E.W.Gardner 3 101 10.71 9.32 
 
 J. Ferd. Poggenburg 2 101 21 .43 11 .55 
 
 Dr. L. L. Mial 2 94 14.29 9.51 
 
 T. M. S. Rolls 96 8.10 
 
 Conklin and Poggenburg defeated Gardner and Mial in the extra 
 or play-off games, Poggenburg running 115 and averaging 42.86. 
 Neither the average nor the run counts against the figures in the 
 table. Nevertheless, the 42.86 was the highest of record for a player 
 of Poggenburg's class. 
 
 The regular games, 300 points up, were fifteen. In Chicago they 
 numbered the same, but were 400 points up. 
 
 Demarest's victory in Chicago closed the series by making him 
 owner of the emblem, with 202 (in his tie game with H. A. Wright) 
 and 57.14 (in his regular-schedule game with E. W. Gardner) as 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 317 
 
 the highest record run and single average of his class at 14.2. The 
 same is true of his general average of 21.22, which, could his two tie 
 games be computed with it, would be transformed into 23.19. 
 
 W. H.R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 Calvin Demarest* 4 170 57.14 21.22 
 
 H.A.Wright 4 133 30.08 16.14 
 
 C. F. Conklin 4 141 15.39 12.11 
 
 E.W.Gardner 2 75 13.80 11.01 
 
 J. F. Poggenburg 1 116 21.05 11.29 
 
 Clarence Jackson 56 .... 10 .85 
 
 *Lost to Wright by 133 (average and high run 16.67 and 83 for winner, 
 and 11.13 and 66 for loser), which caused a tie among himself, Wright, and 
 Conklin. 
 
 American Debut of Firmin Cassignol of France. — March 2, Geo. 
 F. Slosson's Rooms, N. Y. City, beginning a series of 18.2 exhibition 
 games with the proprietor. 
 
 New French Championship at 18.2. Tournament held in Paris, 
 
 France, April 3-10, 1908. The general average of Rerolle is closely 
 
 approximate only, all known on this side as to the final game, which 
 
 was between him and Robert Mortier, is Rerolle 's recollection that 
 
 Mortier averaged 25, and that he himself did not make half the game. 
 
 Points were 400, and balls presumably 61 millimeters. Games, 400 up. 
 
 W. H.R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 Mortier 5 118 25.00 16.26 
 
 Rerolle 4 175 20.00 14.02 
 
 Blanc 3 98 22.22 11.79 
 
 Darantiere 2 121 21.06 13.59 
 
 DeDree 1 79 7.55 7.94 
 
 Labouret 58 6.37 
 
 International Tournament for Amateur World's Championship 
 at 18.2. Held in the large hall of the German Liederkranz Society, 
 N. Y. City, five competing and finishing in the order given in the 
 subjoined summary, viz., Lucien Rerolle, Toulouse, France; Calvin 
 Demarest and Chas. F. Conklin, Chicago, 111. ; and E. W. Gardner 
 and J. Ferd. Poggenburg, N. Y. City. Apart from the championship 
 emblem, which, the gift of the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., and 
 formally presented by the National Association of Amateur Billiard 
 Players, is subject to annual competition until some one player shall 
 have won it twice, the prizes were at the choice of the players in the 
 order of their standing as winners of games, which were 400 points 
 up, April 28 to May 7. 
 
 W. H.R. W.A. G.A. 
 
 Demarest 4 151 28.57 20.00 
 
 Rerolle 2 103 15.38 13.44 
 
 Conklin 2 59 13.79 9.93 
 
 Gardner 1 62 10 . 53 8 . 50 
 
 Poggenburg 1 55 11.76 9.47 
 
318 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 In playing off the ties, the winners, Rerolle and Gardner, both sur- 
 passed their prior best winning average by respectively making 16 
 flat and 10.81, Gardner also making his highest run of all (83, which 
 is a record for him), and Rerolle his second best (91). Demarest's 
 general average is record high, but his single average of 28.57 and his 
 run of 151 are second best. 
 
 Conditions of the tournament barred "anchor" and imposed balls 
 of a diameter of 61 millimeters, or 2f in. plus. Games, 400 points. 
 
 BEST RECORD PERFORMANCES 
 
 ON DIFFERENT LINES, BUT ALWAYS ON A 5x10 TABLE. 
 
 AVERAGES IN CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 
 
 26.67 in 800, 14:2— F. C. Ives, 1892. 
 
 15.00 in 600, 18:1— F. C. Ives, 1898. 
 
 33.33 in 500, 18:2— George Sutton, 1907. 
 
 20.83 in 500, 18:1 — W. F. Hoppe, Paris, France, 1906. 
 
 RUNS IN CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 
 
 155 in 800-point game, 14:2 — J. Schaefer, 1892. 
 91 in 600-point game, 18 :1— F. C. Ives, 1898. 
 100 in 500-point game, 18:1— J. Schaefer, 1907. 
 232 in 500, 18:2— George Sutton, 1907. 
 
 AVERAGES IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 40 in 600, 8:2— J. Schaefer, 1883. 
 
 31.25 in 500, 18:1— F. C. Ives, 1897. 
 
 50 in 500, 18:2 — M. Vignaux, Paris (championship of France), 1902. 
 
 100 in 500, 18:2— G. Sutton (championship of the world), 1906. 
 
 RUNS IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 246 in 600-point game, 8 :2 — M. Vignaux, 1883. 
 140 in 500-point game, 18:1 — F. C. Ives, 1897. 
 
 175 in 600-point game, 18 :2 — M. Vignaux, Paris (championship of France), 
 1902. 
 
 234 in 500-point game, 18 :2 — G. Sutton (championship of the world), 1906. 
 
 BEST GENERAL AVERAGES (CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS ONLY). 
 
 23.23, game 8:2, Chicago— J. Schaefer, winner, 1883. 
 9:39, game 18:1, N. Y. Citv — G. F. Slosson, winner, 1897. 
 
 14.95, game 18:1. N. Y. City— F. C. Ives, loser, 1897. 
 
 27 ; 73, game 18:2, Paris, France — Edouard Fournil, tied with L. Cure and 
 M. Vignaux, and second in play-off, with Cure first (championship of 
 France), 1902. 
 
 22.29, game 18:2, Paris, France— M. Vignaux, tied with L. Cure and G. 
 Sutton (championship of world), 1903. 
 
 24.14, game 18:2, N. Y. City (championship of the world) — G.Sutton, 
 1906. 
 
BALKLINE GAME. 319 
 
 AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 
 
 44.75 in 3000, 8:2— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1884. 
 38.10 in 800, 8:2— J. Schaefer, 1884. 
 14.55 in 800, 12:2— J. Schaefer, 1885. 
 25.86 in 3000, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1886. 
 22.22 in 800, 14:2— G. F. Slosson, 1891. 
 27.41 in 4000, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1893. 
 48.62 in 3600, 14:2— F. C. Ives, 1894. 
 18.29 in 1500, 18:2— J. Adorjan, 1902. 
 22.90 in 3000, 18:2— J. Schaefer, Paris, 1904. 
 
 RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 
 
 329 in 3000-point game, 8 :2 — M. Vignaux, Paris, 1884. 
 
 211 in 800-point game, 8:2— J. Schaefer, 1884. 
 
 109 in 800-point game, 12:2— J. Schaefer, 1885. 
 
 230 in 3000-point game, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1886. 
 
 173 in 800-point game, 14:2— G. F. Slosson, 1891. 
 
 456 (anchor) in 4000-point game, 14:2 — F. C. Ives, 1893. 
 
 359 in 3600-point game, 14 :2 — F. C. Ives, 1894. 
 
 139 in 600-point game, 18:1 — J. Schaefer, 1899. 
 
 255 in 3000-point game, 18 :2 — L. Cure, Paris, 1904. 
 
 AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 75 in 600, 14:2— M. Vignaux, 1885. 
 38.46 in 600, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1890. 
 
 100 in 600, 14:2 — J. Schaefer in New York and F. C. Ives in Chicago, both 
 due to anchor, 1893. 
 
 50 in 600, 18:2— F. C. Ives, 1896. 
 40 in 400, 18 :1 — J. Schaefer, 1898. 
 83.33 in 500 — G. Sutton, Chicago, 1906. 
 
 RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 566 (anchor) in 600-point game, 14:2 — J. Schaefer, 1893. 
 
 200 in 600-point game, 18 
 111 in 500-point game, 18 
 138 in 400-point game, 18 
 195 in 600-point game, 14 
 307 in 500-point game, 18 
 
 2 — F. C. Ives, New York, 1896. 
 
 1— J. Schaefer, 1896. 
 
 1— J. Schaefer, 1898. 
 
 2— M. Vignaux, 1885. 
 
 2— W. F. Hoppe, Chicago, 1906. 
 
CUSHION CAROMS. 
 
 I [When not otherwise specified, all play was at ordinary C. C, witb 
 'fhree 2f balls on 5x10 table, cushion being taken at some time before 
 hitting second object-ball.] 
 
 1867. 
 
 First Public Exhibition. Opening of Tobin & Bosworth's Room, 
 Boston, October, 1867. — Played with four balls on a 5^x11 four- 
 pocket table, Joseph Dion, of Montreal, defeating John McDevitt, 
 of N. Y. City. 
 
 187§. 
 
 First Public Match Contest. Bumstead Hall, Boston, February 
 21st. — S250 a side, Jacob Schaefer discounting John H. Flack. 
 Schaefer's actual score at close, 300; average of all points he made, 
 2.50; best run, 35. Flack's total, 299; best run, 8. Time, 5h. 50m. 
 
 First Tournament. Begun in a St. Louis billiard room, March 
 14th. — The games, as reported, were 400 points up, and the best 
 averages of the four prize-winners (Frank Day, S. G. Baldwin, 
 Eugene Wolff, and Edward Warner) 3.60, 2.98, 2.14, and 3.15, 
 with 23, 18, 14, and 38 as their high runs respectively. Figures 
 sometimes need vouchers. It was not until three years later that 
 the finest professionals in the land were able to equal some of the 
 foregoing, and not until 1883 that such professionals ventured upon 
 longer games in tournament than 200 points, and then on a 4£x9 table. 
 
 1**1. 
 
 The Sexton-Schaefer Matches. All independent of one another. 
 First: 
 
 Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, February 16th. — $500 a side, 
 Schaefer, 400—3.92—26; Sexton, 396—21. 
 
 320 
 
CUSHION CAROMS. 
 
 321 
 
 Tammany Hall, same city, $1,000 a side, February 26th. — 
 Sexton, 400—3.33—27; Schaefer, 363—20. 
 
 Same hall, December 29th. — $2,500 a side. Sexton, 600 — 3.87 — 
 77; Schaefer, 576—23. That 77 is still record-high for a public 
 match. 
 
 Academy of Music, same city and like stake, April 27, 1882.- — 
 Sexton, 600 — 4.05 — 32; Schaefer, 538 — 28. (Owing to the 77 run 
 in the other, this match drew by far the most money cushion-caroms 
 have ever known.) 
 
 First Tournament in the East. Philadelphia Roomkeepers' 
 Championship, played in various rooms, April 4-20, 1881. — Victor 
 Estephe winning 6—0, McLaughlin 5 — 1, Chris. Bird, Ed. Nelms, 
 and Robt. Hunter 3 — 3, Pincus Levy 1 — 5, and Jas. Palmer — 6. 
 All games 150 up. 
 
 In ensuing matches, same points, Estephe beat McLaughlin and 
 Hunter, and then McLaughlin won six straight — from Estephe, 
 Bird, and Palmer once apiece, and from Hunter thrice. 
 
 Only Four-handed Game in Public. Winter Circus, Paris, France, 
 June 26, 1881. — 4^x9 table, purse game. Vignaux and Gamier, 
 600 — 6.12 — 25 and 12 each, for best run; Slosson and Lucien Piot„ 
 577 — 22 and 14 for runs. 
 
 Only World's Championship. Tammany Hall, November 14-19th 
 and Cooper Institute, November 21 -26th, both N. Y. City. — For an 
 emblem and $2,500 in prize money. Games, 200 points up, nine 
 for every player. Slosson and Lon Morris were first and second in 
 playing off triple tie. 
 
 J. Dion, $1,000 
 
 Schaefer, $700 6 35 
 
 Slosson, $500 5 32 
 
 Morris, $300 5 37 
 
 Wallace 5 26 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 7 45 4.26 3.40 
 6.25 3.20 
 5.13 3.56 
 4.35 3. 
 3.45 2.98 
 
 
 W.R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 Daly 
 
 Gallagher 
 
 .... 4 44 
 
 3.85 
 
 3.04 
 
 4 29 
 
 3.72 
 
 2.91 
 
 Carter 
 
 4 27 
 
 4.44 
 
 2.85 
 
 Sexton 
 
 3 32 
 
 3.57 
 
 2.93 
 
 Heiser 
 
 2 18 
 
 3.68 
 
 2.49 
 
 There having been but one other first-class professional tourna- 
 ment, and that on different terms, it would subserve no purpose 
 to figure out the exact average of the entire play. Approximately, 
 3.04. 
 
 There was never a match for this championship. Sexton chal- 
 lenged, and on September 23d Dion resigned on the ground that 
 the conditions announced when he competed for the emblem had 
 not been observed. Sexton held it thenceforward without -challenge 
 
322 
 
 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1**2. 
 
 First Tournament " Down East." Boston, Mass., closing Jan- 
 uary 5th. — For amateur championship. Prize-winners were Moses 
 Yatter, E. H. Marshall, G. A. Roberts, Thos. R. Tarrant, and Chas. 
 F. Campbell. The last subsequently acquired the emblematic silver 
 cup and lost it to Marshall, April 12th, by 250 to 241. Campbell 
 and Yatter played for the State championship on January 25, 1883, 
 and out of that match (C, 250—1.85—12; Y., 249—11) aame the 
 State championship of 1884. 
 
 Piot vs. Schaefer. Grand Cafe, Paris, February 10th. — $50 a 
 side. P., 200; S., 198. 
 
 Eugene Kimball vs. Sexton. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, April 
 29th.— $500 a side. K. (with odds of 150), 500—3.37 in 350—26; 
 S., 403—42. 
 
 Slosson vs. Sexton. Assembly Buildings, Philadelphia, public 
 contest in aid of National Billiard Association. Slosson, 300; 
 Sexton, 198. 
 
 Daly vs. Kimball. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, June 1st. — $500 
 a side, even up. D., 500—4.35—28; K., 347 — 30. [See Sexton vs. 
 Daly below, and also Carter vs. Gallagher under 1884, for 4.35 as 
 a tie on high record average thrice.] 
 
 Sexton vs. Daly. Independent matches, each for $500 a side 
 and in Tammany Hall, N. Y. Citv.— December 1, 1882: S., 500— 
 3.57—27; D., 456—24. January 6, 1883: D., 500—4.35—44; S. 
 467—30. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Only Championship of America. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
 May 14-25th. — $3,000 in money and an emblem presented by H. W. 
 Collender; 500 points on 4^x9; shot to count whether cue-ball cush- 
 ioned before hitting second object-ball or after hitting both and 
 before hitting either again. This was a revival. It was little fol- 
 lowed after 1883, and was expunged from the rules in 1897. 
 
 W.R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Daly, $1,200 5 56 8.06 6.550 
 
 Wallace, $800 4 41 5.62 5.25 
 
 Schaefer, $500 ... 4 49 10. 6.559 
 
 Vignaux, $300 ... 3 43 7.94 6.09 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 J. Dion 3 47 6.17 5.21 
 
 Sexton 2 65 6.89 5.37 
 
 Carter. 36 4.82 
 
CUSHION CAROMS. 323 
 
 This tournament is exceptional among professional ones in that 
 before his one defeat (by Schaefer) Daly had won the championship, 
 Wallace and Vignaux won play-offs. In thus defeating Schaefer. 
 Wallace ran 76 and averaged 7.25. Sexton's 6.89 is a losing average. 
 The general averages of Daly and Schaefer were a close call, of which 
 the old form of expression (6.248-451 and 6.238-426) gives scant 
 idea. Average of tournament, 5.66. 
 
 There was but one match. Sexton and Vignaux both challenged, 
 Daly resigned to Sexton as having priority, and Slosson challenged 
 on September 22d. Sexton thereupon named Chicago and unex- 
 pectedly a 5x10 table for the contest. This was the first time that 
 a champion ever chose a place not his own residence, and such a 
 naming did not happen again until April, 1902, when, Schaefer and 
 Vignaux both being in Paris, the former named N. Y. City, and in 
 consequence there was no contest. Slosson was not to be balked, 
 and finally found himself up against a faster Collender cushion than 
 he had been given to practise with, which will explain the drop in 
 average. 
 
 SEXTON LOSES TO SLOSSON. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
 October 24th. — Championship and $500 a side. Slosson, 500 — 3.55 — 
 38; Sexton, 483—30, 
 
 Next day, Slosson resigned the emblem to its donor. Passing 
 again to Sexton without further competition, it eventually became 
 his in perpetuity. 
 
 Johnson vs. Reevss for $1,000 a Side. Madison Square Hall, 
 N. Y. City, November 9th. — 4^x9 table. David Johnson, 250 — 
 2.14—13; John T. Reeves, 233—12. (See Bookmakers' Tourna- 
 ments.) 
 
 1884. 
 
 Carter vs. Gallagher. St. Louis, February 20th. — $500 a side. 
 C, 400—4.35—33; G., 327—31. [Carried a term higher, Carter's 
 average becomes a shade better than the best prior match record, 
 being 4.348 to Daly's 4.347.] 
 
 Championship of Massachusetts. W. P. Marshall's Room, 
 Boston, tournament on 4^x9, ending March 1st. — Moses Yatter 
 8—1, E. H. Marshall 7—2, C. F. Campbell 6—3, and T. W. Allen 3—4, 
 prize-winners. Allen made the best run, 26, and Campbell the 
 highest winning average, 3.33. 
 
 There were nine match-contests for the emblem, John Morse 
 
324 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 winning the first three, Campbell the fourth and fifth, and Yatter 
 the remaining four. 
 
 Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, April 21-26th. — 
 4£x9 table. Seven contestants, these four being prize-winners: 
 John A. Thatcher, 6—0, $200 and medal; Tony Honing, 4—3, $125; 
 Harry Bussey, 4 — 2 (beaten by Honing in play-off), $75; and West 
 (beat W. De Long in play-off), $50. Championship competition 
 ended with tournament. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Second Massachusetts Championship This was the pioneer 
 prohibition one, Yatter and Campbell being barred. Boston, Jan- 
 uary 12th to February 13th. — 4^x9 table. Jas. O'Neil 9 — 0, Fred 
 Eames 7 — 2, E. H. Marshall 6 — 3, and Chas. Barnard 5 — 4, were 
 prize-winners. Best average, 3.45, was by Eames, whose 22 tied 
 W. G. Gilman's for high-run prize, won by G. in playing off. Emblem 
 was held successively by O'Neil (forfeited through illness), Marshall, 
 O'Neil again, and Eames finally. 
 
 Sexton vs. Slosson. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, May 6th. — $2,550 
 ($1,500 staked on Slosson against $1,050 on Sexton). Sexton, 
 500 — 4.42—30; Slosson, 486—35. (See 1866 and 1887 for this 
 match average surpassed.) 
 
 1886. 
 
 Bookmakers' Handicaps. The Reeves-Johnson match of 1883, 
 which was a heavily speculative event, led to a series of bookmakers' 
 tournaments in this city, February 8-18, 1886; January 31st to 
 February 14, 1887; January 23-27, 1888; and January 14-22, 1889, 
 the winners of which severally were Chas. Davis, Joseph Cotton, 
 Davis again, and David Johnson. The last-named was at " scratch" 
 in two out of four, and Davis always at " scratch n except in the third, 
 when Reeves, playing 170 to his 150, tied him, but was beaten in 
 the play-off. AJ1 but the 1887 tournament were on a 4^x9. 
 
 Only Real Sweepstakes Known to Billiards. Two of the fore- 
 going bookmakers' handicaps — those of 1888 and 1889, Davis 
 winning one and Cotton the other — were genuine sweepstakes. 
 Entrance fees may combine to form stakes, but not sweepstakes 
 when portioned out. 
 
CUSHION CAROMS. 
 
 325 
 
 Slosson vs. Schaefer. Masonic Hall, St. Louis, November 27, 
 1886. — First game of home-and-home match, each for $2,000 a side. 
 Slosson, 500—4.07—26; Schaefer, 469—26. 
 
 Return game, Central Music Hall, Chicago, December 17th. — 
 Schaefer, 500—4.50—48; Slosson, 430—22. 
 
 1§87. 
 
 Slosson vs. Schaefer. Central Music Hall, Chicago, April 4th. — 
 First game of match of two (see " Balkline," 14:2, 1887, for the 
 other), each for $500 a side. Slosson, 500—4.81—25; Schaefer, 
 488 — 49. The average is still match-high. Winner overcame the 
 longest lead known to a public match at this game. When 
 Schaefer needed but 130 to go, Slosson was 120 behind. 
 
 First Contest of Multiple Nights. Light Infantry Armory, Wash- 
 ington^ D. C, May 23-28th. — Game for a purse, 300 points nightly. 
 Daly, 1800—4.66—38; Sexton, 1182 — 46. Multiplying nights at 
 cushion caroms has been given a trial but once since, and then by 
 Slosson and Schaefer (see 1899). 
 
 First Public Handicap. Madison Street Theatre, Chicago, Novem- 
 ber 5-22d. — This was Frank C. Ives's tournamental debut. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Carter (170) 9 29 6.80 4.53 
 
 Schaefer (200) 8 54 10. 5.53 
 
 Moulds (110) 7 24 3.79 2.66 
 
 Ives (110) 6 16 2.70 2.36 
 
 Thatcher (110) 6 25 2.60 2.24 
 
 J. Matthews (110) . 6 25 4.40 2.60 
 
 Average of tournament, 3.005. There has been no technically 
 public handicap at cushion caroms since. 
 
 Gallagher (160) ... 5 
 
 Slosson (200) 3 
 
 J. F.Donovan (110) 2 
 
 Hatley(115) 2 
 
 Catton(160) 1 
 
 R. 
 
 Av. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 30 
 
 3.90 
 
 3.30 
 
 40 
 
 5.89 
 
 4. 
 
 21 
 
 2.44 
 
 1.77 
 
 20 
 
 2.57 
 
 1.90 
 
 18 
 
 4. 
 
 2.50 
 
 Donovan vs. Chas. Schaefer. St. Louis, December 19th. — Match 
 for $500 a side. S., 200—1.98—13; D., 152—10. 
 
 1888. 
 
 Championship of Pennsylvania. Continenta* Hotel, Philadel- 
 phia, January 9-26th. — 200-point games, eight contestants and 
 seven prize-winners, viz., McLaughlin, 7 — 0; Burris, 6 — 1; Bullock, 
 5—2; Pollard, 4—3; P. Levy, 3—4; J. Cline, 2—5; Palmer, 1—6. 
 Eighth man was Edward Woods, — 7. Matches were not meant 
 to follow. The championship emblem, won by McLaughlin along 
 with $210, was presented by H. J. Bergman. 
 
826 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Saratoga, N. Y., Three-handed Tournament. Town Hall, August 
 6-8th. — Slosson, $500; Daly, $350; Sexton, $150. Play was incon- 
 spicuous in runs and averages. 
 
 1889. 
 
 '.) Five-handed Tournament in Boston. John J. Murphy's Hub 
 Palace, finishing January 4th. — 4^x9 table. Eames, 4 — 0; Yatter, 
 3 — 1; and John Dankleman; C. F. Campbell, and W. M. Gilman, 
 1 — 3 apiece, divided third money. 
 
 On January 16th, for $150 a side, 4£x9, Eames defeated Yatter 
 by 200 to 209, and in same room, March 7th, and at C. T. Shean's 
 Room, Springfield, March 20th, he defeated L. A. Guillet in a home- 
 •and-home, $100 a side. 
 
 1892. 
 
 Garnier vs. Carter. Paris, February 2d. — $500 a side. G., 300; 
 C, 293. February 26th: G., 300; C., 233. 
 
 Carter vs. Vignaux. Paris, February 10th. — $500 a side. C., 
 50; V., 49. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Vignaux. Paris, December 27th. — $500 a side. S., 
 400— 3.96; V., 345. 
 
 1894. 
 
 Fournil vs. Gallagher. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, December 
 3-7th. — Formal American debut of Edouard Fournil, of Paris, 
 France. Purse game, 200 points nightly. With 45 for high run 
 against 37, F. won by 1,000 to 848. 
 
 1896. 
 
 Last Professional Tournament. Bumstead Hall, Boston, April 
 13-17th. — Under auspices of Daly and Ives, 300-point games. 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Ives 3 85 5.88 5.29 
 
 Schaefer 2 39 5.36 4.91 
 
 W. R. Av. G.A. 
 
 Daly 1 29 4.62 4.35 
 
 Garnier 43 3.82 
 
 Approximate average of tournament, 4.67. Ives's 85 was run 
 against Daly. While it is absolutely the highest in public, yet it 
 cannot properly be compared with Sexton's 77 in virtually a $6,250 
 stake match (not counting side bets) that be won from Schaefer 
 by no more than 4 per cent, in 600. 
 
CUSHION CAROMS. 327 
 
 1*99. 
 
 Schaefer's Highest Run of Record. Lenox Lyceum, N. Y. City, 
 May 22d. — Second game of match of two, each for $500 a side 
 (see Balkline, May 13, 1899, for first). Slosson, 500—4.60—34; 
 Schaefer, 359—55. 
 
 Second Match of Multiple Nights. Madison Square Garden 
 Concert Hall, N. Y. City, October 30 to November 1st. — $500 a side. 
 Slosson, 900—4.57—37; Schaefer, 757—41. 
 
 McLaughlin vs. Gallagher. Maurice Daly's, N. Y. City, Novem- 
 ber 6-10. — Purse game, best in five. McLaughlin, who won the 
 odd, also made the more points — 944 to 924. 
 
 1902-3. 
 
 Amateur Revival Tournaments. After having been out of fashion 
 for years, the game was revived in winter of 1902-3 at Maurice Daly's, 
 N. Y. City, by Messrs. Mark Muldaur, Albert Brock, Wm. Gershel 
 and F. Poggenburg, who finished in that order without unusual 
 play, and at Foley's, Chicago, August 31st to October 31st, C. F. 
 Conklin (scratch at 125) winning by 7 — 1 in games, and making best 
 run (21), and highest winning average (2.75). S. W. Miller made 
 3.33 in the opening game, but it was canceled with the game itself 
 when Ballard, whom Miller had beaten, withdrew from tournament. 
 Miller, Beard and Hale tied, and play-off gave Miller second prize, 
 Beard third, and Hale fourth. Conklin was beaten by none but 
 Hale (100). Miller and Beard were at 70. 
 
 BEST RECORD PERFORMANCES 
 
 ON 5x10 AND 4^x9 TABLES, BOTH HAVING BEEN 
 CHAMPIONSHIP STANDARDS 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH AVERAGE. 
 
 3.55 in 500— G. F. Slosson, 1883. 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH RUN. 
 
 38 in 500 (still his best record in match, with 40 his best in tournament) 
 — G. F. Slosson, 1883. 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENT AVERAGE. 
 
 6.25 in 200— J. Schaefer (with 3.56 by G. F. Slosson for high general 
 average, but the two were second and third winners only), 1881. 
 
 10.00 in 500-point game, 4£x9 table— J. Schaefer, with 6.559 for best 
 general average, that of winner-in-chief (M. Daly) being 6.550, 1883. 
 
328 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENT RUN. 
 
 45 in 200-point game — J. Dion, winner, 1881. 
 
 65 in 500-point game, 4£x9 table— W. Sexton, 1883 (T. Wallace ran 76 in 
 play-off for second prize, but championship tournament was then over). 
 
 NON-CHAMPIONSHIP AVERAGES. 
 
 3.92 in 400— J. Schaefer, 1881. 
 
 4.81 in 500— G. F. Slosson, 1887. 
 
 4.05 in 600— W. Sexton, 1882 (see under 1881). 
 
 4.66 in 1800— M. Daly, 1887. 
 
 4.57 in 900— G. F. Slosson, 1902. 
 
 NON-CHAMPIONSHIP RUN& 
 
 27 in 400— W. Sexton, 1881. 
 77 in 600— W. Sexton, 1881. 
 
 46 in 1800— W. Sexton, 1887. 
 55 in 500— J. Schaefer, 1899. 
 41 in 900— J. Schaefer, 1902. 
 
 NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 In Chicago, in 1887, Schaefer made his best average (10 in 200) on a 5x10 
 table, and Slosson his highest run of all (40) : and in Boston, in 1896, Ives 
 ran 85 (highest of all runs) and made the best general average on 5x10 
 table (5.29). 
 
THKEE-CUSHION CAROMS. 
 
 1§7§. 
 
 First Tournament. C. E. Mussey's Room, St. Louis, January 
 14-3 1st. — 50-point games. Leon Magnus, 4 — 1 ; Carter, Gallagher, 
 and Heiser, 3 — 2 ; W. C. McCreery, 2 — 3 ; Thomas Potts, — 5. Carter 
 won play-off, with Gallagher second. The best run (6) and the 
 best average (.75, or £ of a point) were Gallagher's. 
 
 1§82. 
 
 McCreery vs. Magnus. St. Louis, February 2d. — $200 a side. 
 McC, 50 — .94 — runs not reported. Magnus scored 31. It is not 
 known of this unknown game that the winner's average, nearly one 
 point, has ever been equaled in so long a match as 50 points. (See 
 May 30-31, 1900.) 
 
 1§§6. 
 
 First Tournament in the East. Schaefer & Emerich's Room, 
 N. Y. City, 25-point games. Gus Newland, 7 — 2, won first prize, 
 $75 and a gold medal, and Al. Sauer, Herbert Haskell, W. Clark and 
 C. Wilson tied at 6 — 3. The other contestants, not all of whom 
 finished, were Arthur R. Townsend, Charles Heineman, Joseph Stiner, 
 Ed. Williamson, and Mr. Pollock. • 
 
 1§9§. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Ives. Auditorium Recital Hall, Chicago, April 4th. — 
 $100 a side. Schaefer, 120 — average unreported — 8; Ives, 106. 
 
 Capt. A. C. Anson vs. L. Jevne. Chicago, September. — Each 
 game for $50 a side, Jevne giving odds of 10. First: A., 50; J., 38. 
 Second: A., 50; J., 39. 
 
 1899. 
 
 Schaefer vs. Carter. Chicago, 111., February 4th. — $200 a side. 
 S., 100; C, 89. 
 
 329. 
 
330 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Frank C. Ives's Last Match. "Ives Room," N. Y. City, May 
 24-25th. — Four-handed for announced $250 purse and $2,500 stake. 
 First game : Ives and W. H. Harrison, 60 ; Schaefer and J. A. Thatcher, 
 45. Second game: S. and T., 65; I. and H., 55. 
 
 While rather an exhibition than a match, nevertheless these games 
 are of interest as the last formal ones in which Ives took part. All 
 but Schaefer were soon dead. 
 
 First Tournament in N. Y. City. "Ives Room," ending July 
 29th.— Thatcher, 13—1, first; Maloney, 12—3, second; W. H. Myers, 
 10—5, third. 
 
 John Daly vs. Luis Vasquez. Chicago, 111., December 13th. — 
 $50. D., 50— av., .34; V., 39. 
 
 1900. 
 
 Averaging in Short Games. The Daly- Vasquez contest has been 
 given a, place because it typifies generalship on the part of a winner 
 lacking his opponent's executive ability, and the following are added 
 as representing free play or catch-as-catch-can billiards. Chicago, 
 May 30th: Capron, 30 — av., 1.25; Sutton, 17. May 31st: Carter, 
 30— av., .97; Sutton, 15. 
 
 Carter Loses Championship to Jevne. Clarence E. Green's 
 Academv, Chicago, June 15th (postponed from June 8th because 
 of C.'s unfitness). J., 100— .45— 6; C, 66—5. 
 
 Winner was challenged by C, who had to declare forfeit by reason 
 of further unfitness. W. H. Catton challenged, but nothing came 
 of it. 
 
 This championship was instituted through an emblem presented 
 it by the B. B. C. Co. for a tournament in Chicago. Catton won it 
 and at once resigned it. Clarence Green sought to revive the cham- 
 pionship a few months later, Carter won it in tournament, and no 
 match but that he lost for it has ever been played. Its time expired 
 years ago. 
 
 Championship of Louisiana. John Miller's Room, New Orleans, 
 ending in September. Seven entries. Wm. Zachringer (5 — 1) 
 made best run, 7; M. Tarleton (4 — 2) ran 6, as also G. H. Miller, 
 who, with 3 — 3, tied L. Abrams for third and fourth. 
 
 11 Red, White, and Blue." Foley's Room, Chicago, October and 
 November. — This was an experimental tournament to ascertain 
 
THREE-CUSHION CAROMS. 331 
 
 how one cue-ball for both players would work. Instead of making 
 a red of the other white, it was colored blue. This handicap of 
 amateurs ended in a tie between Messrs. Anderson and Bunker, and 
 on November 20 the former won the play-off by 27 to 12. 
 
 1901. 
 
 Amateur Championship of Pacific Coast. "The Waldorf," San 
 Francisco, October. — Probably 4^x9. J. C. Howard, unbeaten, 
 Dr. W. F. Davis, W. I. Barry, J. Berry, and J. J. Roggen (won no 
 game) closed in that order. General averages and best runs : Howard, 
 .48 — 4; Barry, .42—6; Davis, .38—4; Berry, .36—5. 
 
 1902. 
 
 Fred Eames vs. Jevne. Denver, Col., January 28th.— $500, 
 former getting odds of 10. E., 85; J., 61. Table possibly a 4^x9. 
 
 St. Louis Tournament. January. — Clarence Hutchings lost 
 but one game, and that to Wright after having already won the 
 tournament. Wright tied Clayton and Brock for third place, G. E. 
 Hevner being second, and also having the best general average (.44), 
 besides standing off Hutchings, Brock, and Wheeler on high run (5). 
 Best single averages were Hutchings's .65 and Wright's .63. 
 
 Metropolitan Academy Tournament. N. Y. City. — Ending April 
 4th in ties between Wm. Gershel and "Williams" for first and 
 second, and W. S. Johnson and A. D. Ferguson for third and fourth. 
 Gershel won by 4 in 35, averaging .52 (averaged .55 against J. V. B. 
 Rapp), and Ferguson by 35 to 25, averaging .40. " Williams " ran 
 5 in the play-off, but in the tournament proper the highest was 4, 
 by Gershel and others. In the tourney of November, 1903, Fer- 
 guson was winner-in-chief, and Gershel last. 
 
 1903. 
 
 " Mussey Challenge Trophy." Closing March 20th at Mussey's 
 Room, Chicago, "Harris" (scratch, 50) averaging .57, won final 
 game from " Wadsworth," who took second prize, as well as that for 
 high run (7) in an amateur field of eight. 
 
 In April, May, and June, a larger and higher class, numbering 
 eleven, comprised a new tournament for the " Mussey Challenge 
 
332 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Trophy." "Harris" made high run (12), but Avery won first prize, 
 and "Harris," " Wadsworth," Riley and Wheeler tied for next four 
 places. In the first challenge match that followed, June 19th, 
 Avery was defeated by "Wadsworth." This challenge series is 
 still (February, 1904) playing, Morin, "Wadsworth," and Riley 
 having severally won the most matches. Had Morin won the match 
 he lost to Riley in January, 1904, the emblem would have been his 
 to keep. 
 
 Gallagher vs. Luis Vasquez. Daly's, N. Y. City, May 27-29th. — 
 Purse game. V. made the highest run (11), but lost by 200 to about 
 170. This was the Spaniard's debut in the East. 
 
 Jevne vs. Barutel. Same room, August 3-5th. — Purse game, 
 J., 150 — .55 — 4; Barutel, 147 — 4. This was Jevne's first formal 
 bow in the East, although years before he had three-cushioned 
 privately here with De Oro. 
 
 1904. 
 
 San Francisco (Cafe* Waldorf) Tournament. December, 1903, to 
 February, 1904. Won by Mitchell (George), with Pellage second, 
 in a field of eleven. 
 
 Billiard Club Championship. N. Y. City, tournament of eleven 
 contestants, ending April 19th. — Winner, F. R. White, who lost 
 not a game. E. O. Presby, second, was beaten by White only. 
 
 An Amateur Average of 1.03 in 50 Points. Tournament at W. 
 P. Mussey's Room, Chicago, April and May. — Won by James Shea, 
 who in one game scored his 50 in 49 innings, although his best run 
 was but 7. Tieing Riley for second and third prizes, Henry W. 
 Avery lost the play-off. Charles Morin won fourth prize. 
 
THREE-CUSHION CAROMS. 333 
 
 Professional Tourney in Los Angeles, Cal. Begun at W. H. 
 Berry's Room, May 2d, contestants being Arthur Seymour, George 
 Kenniston, Walter Johnston, Robert Upton, and Joseph W. Carney, 
 who finished in that order. On the 13th, Seymour scored his 40 
 points in 40 innings, an average of 1 flat. His general average we 
 figure as .628, or not far short of two-thirds of a point to an inning, 
 and the average of the whole tournament was almost half a point. 
 As in Shea's case, table was a 5x10. 
 
 Other Notable Averages. In an amateur handicap tournament 
 at A. M. Clarke's Room, Chicago, Charles F. Conklin, defeating 
 Kasey by 30 to 12 in the final regular game, September 2d, averaged 
 1.07. This made a tie for first prize among himself and Hyatt (30 
 each), John Daly (scratch at 35), Scovil (25), and Kasey (20), the 
 five having severally won seven times and lost thrice; and Daly, in 
 defeating Hyatt in the play-off, was reported in Chicago newspapers 
 as having run 17, 7 and 5, and averaged 1.25. The run especially 
 needs verification. 
 
 In November, in a tournament at Hauser's room, St. Louis, the 
 press of that city credited G. Gundaker with running two 6's and 
 two 4's and averaging 1.20 in defeating Coon by 30 to 13. There a 
 4^x9 table was liable to have been. used. 
 
 About the same time, it reached here through Duluth, Minn., pa- 
 pers that Wm. F. Hatley, in playing an amateur in that city, aver- 
 aged 1.03 in 150. Here, too, a 4^x9 table was peculiarly liable. 
 Moreover, the length of the game suggests that it was an exhibition 
 of two or more sessions. Considering the number of points, the 
 average is phenomenal. It is not known to us that Hatley has ever 
 claimed it. 
 
 In October, 1905, in Davenport, Iowa, Lloyd Jevne, in playing 
 Louis Magnus, was reported as having scored a game of 50 points in 
 41 innings, which is an average of 1.22. There was no higher run 
 than 7, which each player made. 
 
 Team Tournament. W. P. Mussey's, Chicago, November 28th to 
 January 10, 1905, playing in pairs. — Messrs. Sayles and Jones, who 
 had led almost from the start, won by defeating Messrs. Wesseling 
 and Short in the final game by 50 to 39. 
 
334 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Down-town Amateur Handicap. Keyser & Garraty's Room, N. Y. 
 City, beginning February 6th and ending March 31st in the suc- 
 cess of W. " Goodday " (20) after tieing T. French (40, scratch) and 
 F. " Shawt M (34) in a tally of 7—2. The highest run (6) was made 
 by both " Shawt " and Roux, and up to the last regular contest the 
 best winning average (.67) was by "Larry Dooley" (34). In his 
 first and last games, however, French averaged .63^ against Stone 
 (30) and 1.03 against "Goodday," who had won his first seven 
 games straight, lost his eighth to "Dooley," and now lost his ninth. 
 The 1.03 is the best average to date in a tournament in the East. 
 The general averages of the three leaders were : French, .48; " Shawt," 
 .42; "Goodday," .25. In playing off the ties, April 4th, French lost 
 to "Goodday" by 7 and to "Shawt" by 1, and "Shawt" to "Good- 
 day" by 8. Wallace (21) won fourth prize. The other contestants 
 were Freeman (32) and "Professor Turnero" (21). 
 
 Team Tourney at Mussey's, Chicago. Ended week of June 3d, 
 Shea and Howe (45) tieing Morin and Burdick (50), and outscoring 
 them in the play-off by 45 to 44. 
 
 Single-handed at Bensinger's, Chicago. Week ending June 3d, 
 Lawrence won by defeating Huey by 45 to 24. Ball won second 
 prize, and Huey third. 
 
 1906. 
 
 Handicap Heat Tournament at G. F. Slosson's. N. Y. City, Jan- 
 uary 15— 26th. — Eight were forced out by their one defeat in the 
 first week, and of the remaining eight the ones longest to last were 
 Rinehart (scratch, 40) and J. A. Pallasco (36)% The latter averaged 
 .38, and the former scored 33, Pallasco thus winning first prize, a 
 costly fur overcoat. 
 
 Bensinger's Professional Handicap, Chicago. January 15-20th. 
 — Charles Weston (50), third; George Wheeler (45), first; Clem E. 
 Ellison (42), fourth; Frank Maggioli (40), second. 
 
THREE-CUSHION CAROMS. 335 
 
 1907. 
 
 Amateur Handicap. W. P. Mussey's Room, Chicago, closing in 
 April. — Ties played off made Stanley first. Austin second, and Lord 
 third. Stanley and Lord, with Fuller, were scratchmen. 
 
 James Ryan vs. Benjamin Laurie. Imperial Billiard Room, 
 Boston, nights of April 1st, 3d, and 5th. — Ryan, 150; Laurie, 139. 
 They played again May 21st, 22d, 24th, Ryan winning by 150 to 144. 
 
 Amateurs in Los Angeles, Cal. Jas. F. Morley's Room, June. — 
 Thirteen entries, and 25-point games. J. B. Bayne promised most, 
 but was eventually overhauled by Clark, who beat him for first 
 place. Milsap and Lacey were next best. J. G. Kendrick won prize 
 for high run, which was 9 in a game wherein Chapell beat him by 
 25 to 22. 
 
 Championship of Los Angeles, Cal., Club. July 17th to August 
 27th. — Nineteen entries, with handicaps from 25 to 12. Only one of 
 the three scratchmen, T. E. Gordon, finished among the first three. 
 Dr. R. B. Griffith (18) was first, Gordon second, and Carter (15) third. 
 
 Championship of New England. "The Hub," Boston, November. 
 — Won by .Albert G. Cutler, who " out-saf etied " his strongest oppo- 
 nent, James Rvan. 
 
 Lambert Three-Cushion Championship of America. St. Louis, 
 
 November and December, tournament for the Lambert Emblem. — 
 Contestants were Henry P. Cline and John Daly, tied for first and 
 second; John Horgan, third; Lloyd Jevne, fourth; Alfredo De Oro, 
 Thomas Hueston, and Frank P. Day, tied for fifth, sixth, and seventh; 
 and Horace B. Lean and Joseph Capron eighth and last. Thus the 
 two best known as caromers, Cline and Capron, were first and last, 
 for Cline defeated Daly by 50 to 41 in playing off. Runs never 
 reached double figures, but Day, in defeating De Oro with no run 
 above 5, was credited with the remarkable average of 1.32 for his 
 50 points. 
 
 St. Louis, February 6th, 7th r 8th. — First match, three nights, 50 
 points per night. Henry P. Cline (champion), of Philadelphia, 133; 
 John Daly (challenger), 150. The winner averaged .66, and on 
 neither side was there a run above 6. 
 
336 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 St. Louis, May 7th, 8th, 9th. — Second match, same terms. John 
 Daly (champion) vs. John Horgan (challenger). Daly, 150 — 8 — 
 .59; Morgan, 142 — 6. The money-stake in this series is $250 a side. 
 
 A Game of 568 Innings. City of Mexico, November, six nights' 
 play, 50 points a night, continuous. — Luis Vasquez, 300 — 7 — .51; S. 
 Johnson, 2S2 — 5. 
 
 190§. 
 
 Amateur Handicap at G. F. Slosson's Room. February 3-1 lth. — 
 Contestants, Messrs. Gremmels (50), French, Blair, Strauss, and 
 Pallasco, the last four at 40. Won by French, who in his final game, 
 defeating Gremmels by 20, averaged .52. One higher average (.67) 
 had been made bv Blair when he ran 6 and defeated Pallasco by 40 
 to 34. 
 
 Three-Handed Professional Exhibition. Maurice Daly's Room, 
 week ending February 22d, 50-point games, playing twice around. — - 
 Won by Edward McLaughlin, who lost only his second game with 
 T. J. Gallagher. Morningstar won only his first game with Gallagher. 
 The latter made the highest run and best winning average of the 
 tournament, respectively 6 and .67. McLaughlin's .55 was high 
 general average, .65 being his best winning one. 
 
 BEST PERFORMANCES. 
 
 There are few unquestionable records. Most of the professional games, 
 whether short or long, have of late years been played in "academies" by 
 "academy" employees. To admit one such to record, on the plea that there 
 was a public admission-fee, as well as more or less of a staking, would be to 
 admit all. Then, again, this is a game that has never had a standard as to 
 length. It is unlikely that since 1878 there has been a better average for 
 50 points in a match than Wayman C. McCreery's .94; but there may have 
 been before that year, and without attracting any attention whatever. In 
 a tournament game of 50 points at Mussey's, Chicago, Avery surpassed it by 
 making .98 during season of 1901-2. The best verified run is 14. Two 
 amateurs made it — Peterson in St. Louis, and Avery years afterward in 
 Chicago, both in Mussey's rooms. Also in Mussey's, in 1905, James Shea, 
 another amateur, reached 1.03 in a game of 50, while Charles P. Day, in the 
 St. Louis tournament of November and December, 1907, attained to 1.32 
 in 50 points. 
 
AMATEUR RECORDS. 337 
 
 BEST PERFORMANCES BY AMATEURS 
 
 The New York Racquet Club was the first to institute a national 
 championship of amateurs (1887-88-89-90), which it did not at- 
 tempt to renew. There was no second essay until the Amateur 
 Athletic Union entered the field in 1898-99. Anything in the nature 
 of amateur record, therefore, may be said to begin in 1887 and end in 
 1890, to resume in another direction in 1898 and continue until now. 
 
 AVERAGES AT REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 
 
 17.33 in 300 (championship) — Orville Oddie, Jr., 1889. 
 
 11.03 in 1500, gen. av. (championship), Orville Oddie, Jr., 1887. 
 
 RUNS AT REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 
 
 257 in 300 (non-championship), Arthur R. Townsend, 1890. 
 195 in 300 (championship) — Orville Oddie, Jr., 1889. 
 
 BEST RECORD AVERAGES AT 14:2 BALKLINE. 
 
 57.14 in 400 (championship) — C. Demarest, Chicago, 1908. 
 42.86 in 300 (tie game of championship tournament) — J. F. Poggenburg, 
 New York, 1907. 
 
 BEST RECORD RUN AT 14:2. 
 
 202 in 400 (championship) — C. Demarest, Chicago, 1908. 
 
 BEST RECORD RUNS AT 18:2. 
 
 175 in 400 (championship) — L. Rerolle, Paris, France, 1908. 
 151 in 400 (championship) — C. Demarest, N. Y. City, 1908. 
 
 BEST RECORD AVERAGES AT 18:2. 
 
 33.33 in 400 (championship) — Lucien Rerolle, Paris, France, 1903. 
 28.57 in 400 (championship) — C. Demarest, N. Y. City, 1908. 
 
 BEST GENERAL AVERAGES AT 18:2. 
 
 20 in four games (1600 points, championship) — C. Demarest, N. Y. City, 
 1908. 
 
 16.26 in five games (2000 points, championship) — R. Mortier, Paris, 1908. 
 
 15.91 in seven games (2800 points, championship) — L. Rerolle, Paris, 
 1903. 
 
 BEST PUBLIC MATCH RECORDS. 
 
 109 run in 1200 (non-championship) — L. Rerolle, Paris, France, 1904. 
 12.24 average in 1200 (non-championship) — L. Rerolle, Paris, 1904. 
 
338 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 IRREGULAR CONTESTS 
 
 Ives vs. John Roberts. Henley's Circus. London, Eng., May 29th 
 to June 2, 1S93.— $5,000 a side, 1,000 points nightly. L, 6000^-run, 
 2540; R.. 3821 — run, 249. Roberts's total has been variously given. 
 The figures here are from Major Broadfoot's " Billiards." 
 
 This was styled a "compromise match" at the English winning- 
 and-losing game on an English 6x12 six-pocket table. 
 
 CENTRAL MUSIC HALL. Chicago, September 18-23.— S5,000 
 a side. Ives, 6000; Roberts. 5303. 
 
 LENOX LYCEUM. N. Y. City, October 2-7th.— $5,000 a side, 
 R., 10,000; I., 8738. 
 
 De Oro vs. Roberts. On October 16-21st following, at Madison 
 Square Garden, N. Y. City, these experts played alternately on an 
 English and an American ball-pool table for an announced stake of 
 $1,000 a side and the championship of the world, De Oro winning by 
 1000 balls to 927. No two players can ever be justified in creating a 
 championship. 
 
 Hugo Kerkau vs. Johann Trebar. In 1900 these experts, German 
 and Hungarian, engaged in more than one series of "straight rail" 
 games in the chief cities of their respective countries. The two 
 were known to be far apart in skill. In one series, Kerkau scored 
 40.000 to Trebar's 4998, and made runs of 1656, 1743, 2194, and 3843. 
 It invalidates these runs as comparisons with the lesser deeds of 
 earlier men that, although scarcely through fault of Kerkau, they 
 were not achieved under similar conditions. Years before he ran 
 his 3843, Kerkau ran 3092 against Woerz in Berlin. This was under 
 the old rule as to "frozen" balls, but it was probably also on a 4^x9 
 or smaller table. The 3092 were made in January, 1896. When. 
 not far from that time, Kerkau was here, he showed capacity for but 
 about half that height on a 5x10. 
 
FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 
 
 A 5x10 table, unless otherwise stated. After the close of 1887, the game 
 is always "Continuous Pool." 
 
 1§7§. 
 
 Record properly begins with the 
 
 First National Championship Tournament. Union Square Rooms, 
 N. Y. City, April 8-20th. — Best in 21 games of 61 up, for an em- 
 blematic gold medal and $550 in four parts. Among the contestants 
 were all the recognized first-class American caromers of that period, 
 with the exception of Albert Gamier, Maurice Daly and Jacob 
 Schaefer. In addition were the pool-players Samuel F. Knight, 
 Clarke E. Wilson, George Frey, J. Mc Warble, and Gottlieb Wahl- 
 strom, " The Swede" No. 1. Winners in this order were C. Dion, 
 Knight, Wahlstrom, and J. Dion. McWarble and G. F. Slosson 
 tied for fifth and sixth places, Wilson got seventh, Wm. Sexton 
 eighth, and A. P. Rudolphe tied with Frey for ninth. 
 
 Wahlstrom and Wilson had played a match (December 13, 1877, 
 Terrace Garden, N. Y. City, which " The Swede " won by 26 games 
 to 13 out of 50) announced as for the championship of America and 
 $500 a side ; but they were not warranted in thus appropriating that 
 title to the exclusion of other experts. The medal of 1878 was held 
 
 339 
 
340 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 successively up to 1881 by C. Dion, Knight, Alonzo Morris, Wahlstrom 
 and Knight again. 
 
 1§79. 
 
 First Championship of Indiana. Crescent Hall, Indianapolis, 
 January 2-1 lth. — Won by D. Hough from Albert Hawkins, George 
 Morris, and R. E. Whitney (tied), C. Eden, Weller, Gould, and Mack. 
 After losing his first game to Eden, Mack forfeited his remaining six 
 by withdrawing. 
 
 1681. 
 
 Debut of Albert Frey. Union Square Rooms, N. Y. City, Decem- 
 ber 29, 1880, to January 5th. — Frey, Chas. Schaefer, Otis Field, and 
 Joseph King were graduated from a preliminary tournament of nine 
 into the one next following. 
 
 Second National Championship Tournament. Union Square 
 Rooms, N. Y. City, January 6th. — Under amended rules. Winners 
 of the five prizes were Wahlstrom, Frey, A. Morris, King, and Knight. 
 Among the other four participants was Jacob Schaefer, beaten by 
 Wahlstrom, Frey, and Knight. 
 
 Only Match for the New Emblem. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
 June 2d. — Money-stake, $250 a side, best in 41 games. W., 21; 
 Frey, 18. 
 
 Frey vs. King. Tammany Hall, September 29th. — $250 a side. 
 F., 21 ;K., 16. 
 
FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 341 
 
 1882. 
 
 Prey vs. Knight. Tammany Hall, March 8th. — $500 a side. F„ 
 21; K., 18. 
 
 First Tournament at Pyramid (Eight-ball). Republican Hall, 
 N. Y. City, May 3-17th — Best in 21. Frey beat John Dankleman 
 in playing off for first money and the pyramid championship emblem. 
 George Sutton (d6but in public) won third, and Jacob Schaefer (tied 
 by Thomas Wallace) fourth. The others were Eugene Carter, 
 John Bessunger, Knight, C. Schaefer. and Albert Lambert. 
 
 1883. 
 
 First Amateur Challenge Championship. C. E. Mussey's Room, 
 St. Louis, October 15th to November 7th. — Matches were to be 
 150 balls up, for $25 a side, none but St. Louis amateurs eligible. 
 E. Thompson, tied with E. Block for first prize, won play-off. There 
 were eight other contestants. 
 
 In the match that followed, December 4th, Ed. Dale won cham- 
 pionship by 150 to 98. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Third National Championship. Madison Square Hall, N. Y. City, 
 beginning January 10th.— Call ball, but not pocket. J. L. Ma- 
 lone won emblem and first money, $250, Frey and King tied for 
 second and third, George Sutton took fourth, Lambert and Charles 
 H. Manning tied for fifth and sixth, and Knight, Dankleman, and J. 
 S. Leonard were the tailers. 
 
 First Call-ball-and-pocket Tournament. Morrissy's Room, Syra- 
 cuse, N. Y., January 28th to February 15th. — Eleven were in, the 
 prize-winners being Frey, Malone, Sutton, Leonard, and King. 
 
 During this year, as well as in 1883 and 1885, the leading players 
 named above, along with Knight and others, all supported by local 
 talent, figured in tournaments in various cities, all partaking of the 
 nature of exhibitions, but Frey almost invariably winning. 
 
 Championship of Ohio. Won by Gus Heman in tournament 
 ending April 6th, Cincinnati. 
 
342 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Peter Rodgers Defeats Malone. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Mass., 
 December 11th. — $100 a side. R., 21; M., 11. This contest was 
 regulation neither in table, which was a 4£x9, nor in size of pocket- 
 openings, which were large. 
 
 1886. 
 
 First Match of Multiple Nights. Maurice Daly's Assembly 
 Rooms, Brooklyn, March 15-19th. — 80 to win in best 31 games 
 nightly, $250 a side. Frey, 80; Malone, 72. 
 
 Frey vs. Malone. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, May 11-1 5th. — Same 
 terms as above, except that stake was $500 a side. F., 80; M., 63. 
 
 Henry Claess vs. C. Schaefer. St. Louis, Mo., October 15th. — 
 $50 a side. C, 16; S., 14. Same city, January 29, 1887. — $500 a 
 side. C, 21 ; S., 10. January 29th, S. beat C, and in a later game 
 C. beat S., each for $50 a side. 
 
 1887. 
 
 Fourth National Championship. Fifth Avenue Music Hall, N. Y. 
 City, February 14-20th. — Tournament under amended rules again 
 Alfredo De Oro, of Havana, Cuba, making his first public appear- 
 ance, tied Frey and Malone, but was third after play-off, Frey being 
 first, with King, Manning, and James Hamilton fourth, fifth, and 
 last. 
 
 The first match for this championship, represented by the Grote 
 Challenge Emblem, was played at Daly's Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, 
 March 28th to April 1st. Frey, 80; Malone, 40. 
 
 On May 15th, Frey forfeited to Malone by failing to cover his 
 challenger's money within the time set by the rules, and on May 30th 
 Malone forfeited to De Oro, declining to play when challenged; but 
 they came together for the Grote Emblem on February 10th, 1888, 
 at Slosson's Columbian Room, N. Y. City, in a single night's contest, 
 125 balls up, best in 31. De O., 16; M., 15. 
 
 De Oro vs. Manning. Turn Hall, Springfield, Mass., April 7th. — 
 Pyramids, $300 a side. De O., 16; M , 12. 
 
FIFTEEN-BALL POOL 343 
 
 De Oro vs, Olaess. Schaefer's Room, St. Louis, May 21st. — $500 
 aside. De O., 21; C, 9. 
 
 NOTE. — This year established 4£ in. at the points of the corner- 
 pocket jaws, and 4f in. for the side pockets, as the standard width 
 in conjunction with 2- 1 - 5 g- balls. 
 
 First Continuous Pool Tournament. Daly's, Brooklyn, January 
 30th to February 9th. — $50 entrance, games, 150 balls. Frey and 
 Malone tied for first, and Malone lost play-off. Albert G. Powers 
 was third, Daniel Lawlor fourth, De Oro fifth, Manning sixth, and 
 Knight seventh and last. 
 
 Wm. Clearwater's First Tournament. Grand Billiard Hall, Syra- 
 cuse, N. Y., February 20th to March 3d, continuous pool. De Oro 
 and Clearwater tied for first and second, Malone and Powers for third 
 and fourth, Manning won fifth, Myron Eggleston, George Kuntzsch, 
 Dankleman and Wharton tied for sixth, and Louis Shaw was last. 
 Clearwater defeated De Oro, but Malone and Powers did not play off. 
 
 Powers vs. De Oro. Hub Billiard Palace, Boston, Mass., May 
 l-3d. — Best in 101 games of pyramid on a 4^x9. — $300. P., 51; 
 De Oro, 35. 
 
 18§9. 
 
 Fifth Championship Series. Hardman Hall, N. Y. Citv, Feb- 
 ruary 25th to March 2d. — Continuous pool, 100 balls up, for the 
 B. B. C. Co.'s Challenge Emblem and money prizes. Frey, De Oro, 
 and Malone tied as the first three, Clearwater and Manning tied for 
 fourth and fifth, and King came next and last after forfeiting to 
 Manning. The first three ties were played off in Daly's Assembly 
 Rooms, Brooklyn, March 11 -16th, 300 balls, 150 per night, and 
 resulted in Frey first and De Oro second. 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES FROM 1889 TO 1904. By rule, 
 200 balls nightly for $150 a side and the emblem. Albert Frey 
 having died suddenly of pneumonia, the first match was between 
 De Oro and Manning, and was played at Daly's, Brooklyn, June 
 20-22, 1889, De Oro winning by 600 to 564. 
 
 Same hall, April 10-12, 1890.— De Oro, 600; Manning, 565. 
 
 Hardman Hall, N. Y, City, May 8-1 0th. —Powers, 600; De Oro, 
 569. 
 
344 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 Daly's Room, Brooklyn, June 19-21st. — Manning, 600; Powers, 
 489. 
 
 Same hall, July 31st to August 20th. — Champion Manning's 
 opponent was Geo. Kuntzsch, who did not appear on third night, 
 and Manning was awarded match. 
 
 Same hall, October 29-31st.— Manning, 600; Powers, 526. 
 
 January 6, 1891. — Manning forfeited to Powers. 
 
 Recitaf Hall, Chicago, March 16-1 8th.— Powers, 600; P. H. 
 Walsh, 392. 
 
 Same hall, May 13-loth.— De Oro, 600; Powers, 517. 
 
 The emblem became De Oro's exclusively in May, 1892, and in 
 Syracuse, N. Y., in March, 1893, there was a tournament for another 
 
 B. B. C. Co.'s emblem, which, like the one of 1889-92, was meant 
 to represent the championship of America, but came to be accepted, 
 in courtesy, as for the championship of the world. De Oro, Sherman, 
 and Stewart tied for first, and won play-offs in that order, Clear- 
 water being fourth. 
 
 First Match. N. Y. City, June 15-1 7th.— De Oro, 600; Walsh, 
 398. 
 
 In November, 1895, this emblem having run its time, the B. B. 
 
 C. Co. gave another. Clearwater won the tournament, with De Oro, 
 Keogh, and Walsh second to fourth. 
 
 First Match. Pittsburg, Pa., March 19-21, 1896.— Clearwater, 
 600; Keogh, 535. 
 
 Pittsburg, April 22-25th. — Clearwater vs. De Oro, a draw, and 
 played over May 7-9th: De Oro, 600; Clearwater, 544. 
 
 Hardman Hall, N. Y. City, June ll-13th.— De Oro, 600; Eby, 404. 
 
 Illness forced De Oro to forfeit to Stewart. 
 
 N. Y. City, May 6-8, 1897.— Stewart lost to Grant Eby, his first 
 challenger: 583 to 600. 
 
 Palm Garden, N. Y. City, June 7-9th.— Keogh, 600; Eby, 505. 
 
 Academy of Music, Scranton, Pa., August. — Keogh, 600; Clear- 
 water, 350. 
 
 Bumstead Hall, Boston, Mass., March 7-9, 1898. — Clearwater, 
 600; Keogh, 567. 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa., April 27-29th.— Keogh, 600; Clearwater, 447. 
 
 Chicago, 111., April 11-13, 1899.— De Oro, 600; K., 515. 
 
 Daly's Room, N. Y. City, November 30th to December 2d. — 
 De Oro, 600; Fred Payton, of Omaha, 479. 
 
 Same hall, April 19-21, 1900.— De Oro, 600; Keogh, 481. This 
 was the final contest of the series, the emblem becoming De Oro's. 
 
 [For Boston tournament, won by Frank Sherman, see 1901.] 
 
 Sherman vs. De Oro. Odd Fellows' Hall, Washington, D. C- 
 
FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 345 
 
 April 16-18, 1901.— De O., 600; S., 498. This was the only match 
 for the emblematic medal, which became De Oro's personal property 
 in the following April. 
 
 [For Brooklyn tournament and the "Green Trophy," won by 
 Clearwater, see 1902.] 
 
 Green's "Montauk," Brooklyn, N. Y., May 8-10, 1902.— Clear- 
 water, 488; Eby, 600. First match for Green Trophy. 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa., December 4-6, 1902. — Second and last match for 
 the Green Trophy. Eby, 600; Walsh, 375. 
 
 This emblem became Eby's by time-limit in May, 1903, and up 
 to October, 1904 (see p. 340), no other championship has been 
 instituted. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Tournament for Kuntzsch Medal. Geo. N. Kuntzsch's Room, 
 Syracuse, N. Y., March 17th to April 8th. — Medal and $125, De Oro; 
 $100, Powers; $75, Clearwater; fourth, Manning; fifth and last, 
 Joseph Dinning. 
 
 First Handicap Tournament. Lawrence's Room, N. Y. City, 
 ending April 26th. — Playing off for first prize, C. Erickson (95) 
 defeated P. H. Walsh (95). Powers (100) was third. Later came 
 Edward Dougherty, Edward Barton, James Luddington, Stewart, 
 and Dinning. 
 
 Binghamton, N. Y. Tournament. Keogh first in field of seven. 
 
 1§91. 
 
 Clearwater vs. Kuntzsch. Grand Central Rink, Pittsburg, Pa., 
 January 29-31st.— $300 a side. C, 600; K., 428. 
 
 Second Medal Tournament in Syracuse, N. Y. Grand Billiard 
 Hall, and thence to Standard Theatre, February 23d to March 16th. 
 — Powers first, De Oro and Clearwater tied (De Oro lost play-off), 
 Frank Sherman fourth, Jerome R. Keogh, Win. Wenrick, and 
 Kuntzsch tied for fifth (divided), and Chas. Strewe, Nathaniel Ward, 
 and Luddington, together with Eulalio Saborido, of Cuba, bringing 
 up the rear. 
 
346 MODERN BILLIADS. 
 
 Binghamton, N. Y., Tournament. March 23d to April 4th. — 
 Clearwater, De Oro, Sherman, and Eggleston tied for first, and 
 Stewart and Powers for fifth, Stewart winning play-off, and the 
 quartet finishing finally as named above. Keogh, Kuntzsch, and 
 Wenrick were the others. 
 
 De Oro vs. John Werner. Recital Hall, Chicago, April 9-1 lth. — 
 $500 a side, Werner starting with 75 balls. De O., 600; W., 493. 
 
 Chicago Tournament. "White Elephant," April 27th to May 
 2d.— $100 entrance, with $300 added by the B. B. C. Co., 125 balls 
 up. Powers won first, with Clearwater, De Oro, and Eggleston tied 
 for second, and finishing play-off as named. Werner was fifth. 
 
 1892. 
 
 Powers vs. Clearwater. Philadelphia, March 2-4th. — P., 600; 
 C, 420. 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y., Tournament. March 7-18th. — $500 in prizes, 
 games of 100 points. Winners — De Oro, Powers, Werner, and 
 Clearwater. 
 
 1893. 
 
 " White Elephant " Tournament. N. Y. City, January 16th to 
 February 1st. — Professional games for money prizes. Winners — 
 P. H. Walsh, P. Rodgers, H. E. Stewart and Wm. Wenrick. 
 
 Championship of America. Syracuse, N. Y., tournament ending 
 March 24th. First, second, and third winners — De Oro, F. Sherman, 
 and Stewart. [For match, see under 1889.] 
 
 De Oro vs. John Roberts, of London. Madison Square Garden, 
 N. Y., Oct. 16-21.— Match of 1000 balls for $2,000 on standard 
 English and American tables, playing every sixty balls by turns 
 on the two tables. De O., 1000; R., 924. 
 
FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 347 
 
 Clearwater vs. De Oro. Pittsburg, Pa., November 2-4th. — C., 
 600; DeO, 447. 
 
 Binghamton, N. Y., Tournament. Won by Keogh. 
 
 1§94. 
 
 Pennsylvania Championship. Philadelphia, closing February 
 22d. — Winners — Keogh, Sherman, Dougherty, Wilson, and Tate. 
 
 Clearwater vs. De Oro. Cleveland, O., April. — As reported at 
 the time, there were two series, C. winning the first by 1000 to 863, 
 and the second by 1200 to 1188. 
 
 T. E. White vs. H. King. May 7-12. — Half in Philadelphia and 
 half in Washington, $1,000. W., 500; K., 372. 
 
 100 to 0. Pittsburg, Pa., May 17th. — Clearwater thus won a game 
 with Frank Munsey. Probably a 4^x9 table. 
 
 1 §95-96-97, 
 
 Championship Tournament. Syracuse, N. Y., November and 
 December, 1895, closing 14th. — Clearwater first, De Oro second, and 
 Keogh third. For matches, see under 1889. 
 
 1§97. 
 
 Seventy-five Balls Consecutively. Dallas, Tex., January 9th. — 
 The late Samuel Barnes, giving his opponent odds of 60, holed 75 
 balls from the start without a miss. Almost certainly on a 4^x9 
 table, and probably, also, with pocket-openings above regulation 
 size. 
 
 Ninety-seven Balls in Succession. Toledo, O., September 10th. — 
 By Clearwater. See remarks above. There is the further objection 
 to going outside of a frame to count pocketings as " runs " that the 
 best players are not usually their makers. Such "runs" tend 
 
348 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 rather to come to losers. A player anxious to win cannot afford 
 to run a risk that, sometimes justifiable when far behind, is folly 
 when commandingly ahead. Resides, the rules themselves have 
 been in conflict, one championship code (expired) having required 
 the winner of one frame to open the next, while a later championship 
 code (also expired) made it optional with him. The Toledo game 
 was probably a mere exhibition. Clearwater has since holed 118 
 bails on a 4^x9. 
 
 1§9§. 
 
 Roomkeepers' Championship of Philadelphia. November. — 
 Horning and Levy. 5 — 1 each; J. Thornton, 4 — 2; Ed. Burris, 3 — 3; 
 Sol Allinger and Rhoades, 2 — 4 each; McCabe, — 6. Horning won 
 play-off. 
 
 Championship of America (Nominal). Syracuse, N. Y., Decem- 
 ber 10-13th. — Tieing Eby and Horgan on 7 — 2, De Oro won play-off. 
 Challenge matches were not contemplated. 
 
 1899. 
 
 Professional Tournaments. N. Y. City, January 23-28th.— 
 AYon by Keogh. That in Chicago, 111., ended in favor of De Oro by 
 his defeating John Daly by 125 to 97. 
 
 Special Championship of Philadelphia. February 15-17th. — 
 Match. Dougherty, 600; Kelly, 504. 
 
 Keogh vs. De Oro. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 150 balls nightly, 
 for a purse. K., 900; De O., 813. 
 
 1901. 
 
 Championship Tournament in Boston. Hub Billiard Palace, 
 February and March. — Announced as for the championship of the 
 world. Frank Sherman won by 6 — 0, Stofft and De Oro 4 — 2 each, 
 Eby 3 — 3, Clearwater 2 — 4, and Wm. Stubbs and Irving Long 1 — 5 
 each. De Oro beat Stofft in play-off, and then De Oro and Sherman 
 entered into the only match ever played for the emblem. See under 
 1889, " Championship Matches." 
 
 De Oro vs. Eby. Boston, Mass., March. — $250 a side. De O., 
 600; E., 463. 
 
FIFTEEX-BALL POOL. 349 
 
 1902. 
 
 World's Championship, 1902-03. Clarence E. Green's " Montauk," 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., March 10-25th. — Continuous pool, 125 balls, for 
 championship emblem and money prizes. Clearwater and Charles 
 Weston tied for first and second, and former won play-off by 20. 
 Wenrick won 6, Keogh 5, Walsh and Long 3 each, Eby and H. P. 
 Stofft 2 each, and W. McCune 1. (For the two matches that fol- 
 lowed, see under 1889.) 
 
 Championship of Louisiana. Miller's Room, New Orleans, May 
 26th to June 20th. — Eugene Price and Emile Carreche tied on 5 — 1, 
 and Carreche lost play-off. 
 
 In first match, Carreche took emblem from Price, and Tarleton 
 made it his own by winning the next three from Carreche by 250 to 
 214 and to 160, and by 250 to 225 from Price in between. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Professional Tournament for Money Prizes. Clarence E. Green's 
 "Montauk," Brooklyn, ending February 6th. — Stofft and Weston, 
 8 — 1 each ; Kirkland, Sneden, and Rodgers, 5 — 4 apiece ; Burns, 4 — 5 ; 
 Smith, Ward, and Wenrick, 3 — 6 apiece; Hamber, 1 — 8. Stofft beat 
 Weston for first money, Sneden defeated Kirkland and Rodgers for 
 third, and Kirkland won fourth from Rodgers. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., Tournament. Schwabl's Room, March. — Byron 
 Gillette unbeaten in field of nine, and Charles Porter, beaten only by 
 Gillette (150 to 108), second. 
 
 Championship of Louisiana. Miller's Room, New Orleans, April 
 17th to May 12th. — New annual series. Mark Tarleton won 6 — 0, 
 and E. Carreche and James Vorhoff tied on 4 — 2 for the other prizes, 
 Carreche winning the play-off. Price w r as fifth only, Geo. Vorhoff 
 being fourth. The others were Harry Alana and David Moore, 
 who tied on 5 — 1 . 
 
 Championship of N. Y. Athletic Club. This annual series of 
 tourneys merits mention now because Dr. W. G. Douglas, who for 
 several years had been the club's champion at both caroms and pool, 
 this April lost the pool tournament to S. W. Becker, who had long 
 been of promise. 
 
350 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 1904. 
 
 World's Championship Tournament. St. Louis, Mo., October 
 12th to November 2d. — For a trophy emblematic of the champion- 
 ship of the world, and given by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., 
 with money prizes in addition. Contestants were Alfredo De Oro, 
 Jerome Keogh, Wm. H. Clearwater, Frank Sherman, Grant Eby 
 (all ex-champions then), Thomas Hueston, Charles Weston, and 
 Benjamin H. Brumby, of Marietta, Ga. This was Brumby's first in 
 tournament, and he withdrew after playing four-sevenths of his 
 games. On a game-tally of 5 — 2 (beaten 11 balls in 125 by Brum- 
 by, and 18 by Eby), De Oro tied Keogh and Hueston for the first 
 three prizes, and defeated both in playing off. The decisive game 
 was De Oro vs. Keogh, and the score 125 to 120. Having already 
 defeated Hueston, Keogh took second prize. Clearwater tied for 
 fourth and fifth on 4 — 3, Weston was sixth on 3 — 4, and Sherman 
 won no game apart from receiving forfeit from the Georgian. Hues- 
 ton was the first challenger in this series, wherein the stake must be 
 at least $150 a side, though by mutual agreement it may be more. 
 
 St, Louis, November 24-26th. — De Oro, 600; Hueston^ 470. Eby 
 challenged next. 
 
 St. Louis, January 15, 16, 17, 1905. — De Oro, 600; Eby, 480. 
 Keogh challenged on January 20th. 
 
 Late in March, the official stakeholders, on appeal by Keogh, 
 awarded the championship and the full stake of §150 a §ide to the 
 challenger because of De Oro's failure to comply with the rules as 
 to place and time of playing. De Oro was the next challenger, and 
 each side wagered SI 00 in addition to the usual SI 50. 
 
 Concert Hall, Buffalo, N. Y., May 18th, 19th, 20th.— De Oro, 600; 
 K., 563. W. H. Clearwater challenged. 
 
 St. Louis, October 19th, 20th, 21st. — De Oro, 600; Clearwater, 
 409. Winner was challenged by Thomas Hueston. 
 
 De Oro declined to play, on the ground that he had already held 
 the emblem for the required one year, whereas he had forfeited it to 
 and reacquired it from Keogh no farther back than the prior spring. 
 Hueston demanded play or pay, and the official stakeholders on 
 December 20, 1905, awarded the emblem to Hueston. 
 
 San Francisco, April 9-1 2th. — Hueston, 800; J. W. Carney, 512. 
 
 1906. 
 
 St, Louis, February 8-1 0th. — Hueston, 600; Chas. Weston, 589. 
 St. Louis, May 17-19th. — John Horgan, 600; Hueston, 542. 
 St. Louis, October 4-6th. — J. Horgan, 600; H. B. Lean, 454. 
 Horgan resigned emblem to Jerome Keogh. 
 
FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 351 
 
 Rochester, N. Y., November 21st, 22d, 23d. — Jerome Keogh 
 (champion), 600; Fred. Tallman (challenger), 346. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., December 27th, 28th, 29th. — Jerome Keogh, 507 
 Thos. Hueston (challenger), 600. 
 
 New York City, February 7th, 8th, 9th, 1907. — T. Hueston, 600 
 Edward Dawson (challenger), 368. 
 
 New York City, March 21st, 22d, 23d. — Thomas Hueston, 600 
 Jerome Keogh (challenger), 497. 
 
 Keaggy's Rink, Greensburg, Pa., April 23d, 24th, 25th. — Thomas 
 Hueston, 600; Wm. H. Clearwater (challenger), 537. 
 
 St. Louis, January 27, 28, 29, 1908. — Thomas Hueston, 600; 
 Jerome Keogh (challenger), 584. 
 
 This, conferring upon Hueston permanent possession of the em- 
 blem, brought this championship series to a close. 
 
 Amateur Championship of " Greater New York." Tournament 
 ended at Clarence E. Green's, Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 24th, 1905, when 
 Albert F. Young, Jr., won the final game, defeating Clinton Robin- 
 son by 100 balls to 11. This defeat tied Robinson with Geo. Kow- 
 enhoven for second and third. Messrs. Lewis, Fancher, Lake, and 
 Alexander finished from fourth to last in that order. Defeating 
 Kowenhoven and Robinson in a challenge match with each, Young 
 soon made the emblem his own. Later, or ending April 20th, he 
 and Arthur Hyman were matched to play four nights — half at 
 Green's and half at Samuel Gruhn's Room, Manhattan — for a sep- 
 arate championship emblem. Young won by 500 to 356. 
 
 Championship of Cook County, 111. Thomas Foley's Room, Chi- 
 cago, March 29th to April 25th. — Eight contestants, of whom Mc- 
 Namarra and John Daly forfeited five games each. George Banks 
 and Martin Fey, each of whom had won six times and lost once, 
 played off, Banks winning by 100 to 88. Tripp, tied with Pelletier 
 for third and fourth, beat him by 100 to 89. This was a challenge 
 series, there were a dozen or more matches, and the emblem changed 
 hands several times, its winner oftenest and finally (from Pelletier) 
 being Fey in the winter of 1905-6. 
 
 Strollers' Club Handicap. Begun May 31st, N. Y. City. — Played 
 in heats instead of rounds. There were 128 entries, but many of 
 
352 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 them forfeited without ever hitting a ball. The one to last was W. 
 S. 1 rale v, who represented the Rochester, N. Y., Club. Next in en- 
 durance was Evan A. Gamble, of the N. Y. A. C, whom Fraley de- 
 feated in the final game by 150 balls to 98. George C. Smith, of the 
 Union League, Edward F. Gray, of the Strollers, Dr. Walter G. 
 Douglas, of the Billiard Club, and Albert F. Young, Jr., of no club 
 at all, also lasted until near the finish. Tt was Gray who put out 
 Smith by 10 balls, and Young who finished Douglas by 125 to 97. 
 Aside from the final game, 125 balls constituted "scratch." 
 
 Championship of Illinois. Tournament at A. M. Clarke's Room, 
 Chicago, July 17th to September 2d. — George Banks won, with Du- 
 pree and Martin Fey tied for second and third. Pelletier was fourth, 
 and John Daly fifth. 
 
 1906. 
 
 Fifth Avenue Hotel's Second Annual. New York City, February 
 15-1 6th. — Contestants, who played from "scratch" and in heats, 
 one defeat distancing, were Geo. A. Roff, Edward Rice, Joseph 
 
 E. O'Donahue, Gillman Collamore, S. J. Dewey, Franklin Bien, Jr., 
 
 F. B. Colton, and Mr. Schutt. The undistanced were Roff and 
 Bien, and the winner of their game, by 100 balls to 46, was Roff, 
 who was awarded a sterling silver cup. All the earlier games were 
 50 up. 
 
 1907. 
 
 Third Fifth Avenue Hotel Annual. New York City, February, 
 1907. — Eight competitors, George A. Roff winning the silver loving 
 cup by defeating Franklin Bien, 100 to 95, in the final game. 
 
 Crescent A. C. Championship Annual. Brooklyn, N. Y., February. 
 — Having defeated leaders like J. M. Heatherton and Augustus S. 
 Hart, lost to nobody, and needing to play only H. M. Barrett, who 
 had won but one game out of six, E. H. Griffith, was beaten by 
 Barrett. This tied Griffith with Hart, and their play-off increased 
 
FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 353 
 
 to 200 balls, terminated in favor of Hart by 77, the latter thus 
 winning a championship that Griffith had to wait for until December 
 26th. In the tournament of that month he lost only to Williams 
 (third to Kryne's fourth), and twice defeated J. M. Heatherton 
 (second). __ 
 
 Amateur Championship of Houston, Tex. "The Brunswick/ ' 
 ending February 22d. — Twelve were in, and Messrs. Thompson and 
 Smith, each having lost but once, played the final game, which 
 Thompson won by 75 to 56. Lubbock won third prize. 
 
 N. Y. A. C. Championship Changes Hands. Annual tournament 
 closed April 16th in game doubled to 200 balls, E. A. Gamble de- 
 posing W. A. Tilt by 200 to 108. This tied Tilt with Dr. W. G. 
 Douglas, and his skill as a coin-tosser made Douglas winner of second 
 prize. J. M. Heatherton was among the contestants. 
 
 Championship of Ohio. So announced, as well as for $400 a side, 
 in September, when a four nights' contest at E. A. Pearce's Room, 
 Columbus, Ohio, between that player and McCoy, of Cincinnati, 
 holder of the title, ended in favor of the latter by 800 balls to 513. 
 
 Championship of Louisville, Ky. December, three nights and 600 
 balls for a purse of $50 besides. — Emmett Doran, 600; Ed. F. Schu, 
 352. 
 
 190§. 
 
 Final Match of Professional Championship Series. For Hueston- 
 Keogh contest, see under 1907. 
 
 Last Fifth Avenue Hotel Annual. Held in closing week of Feb- 
 ruary. — Contestants, Geo. A. Roff, Franklin Bien, F. B. Colton, 
 Gillman Collamore, Putnam, and Andrews. The last and decisive 
 game was won by Roff from Bien, 100 to 99. The famous hotel is 
 slated for other uses. Roff has its loving cups for the last three years. 
 This February's tournament was the fourth. 
 
354 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 N. Y. A. C. Championship for 1908. Tournament held in Febru- 
 ary and March. The chief winners were W. A. Tilt, J. M. Heatherton, 
 and E. F. Crowe, in the order here given. Heatherton and Crowe 
 tied for second and third, and the former won the play-off. 
 
 New World's Championship Series. Tournament held in Recital 
 Hall, Chicago, April 6th to 17th, for a championship emblem given 
 by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., and money prizes. Won by 
 Frank Sherman, of Washington, D. C, whose tally of games won 
 and lost was 6 — 1 ; Charles Weston, 5 — 2 ; Alfredo De Oro, Thomas 
 Hueston, and Edmund Pelletier tied for third money on 4 — 3; 
 Benj. Allen, 3 — 4; H. B. Lean, 2 — 5; and Martin Fey, 0—7. De Oro, 
 Allen, and Hueston promptly challenged, the first being first to do so ; 
 and he and Sherman played the first match of the new series in Al- 
 linger's Academy, Philadelphia, May 18, 19, 20. Frank Sherman, 
 597; Alfredo De Oro, 600. 
 
 The money-stake in this series is $250 a side. 
 
 RULES GOVERN IXG VARIOUS GAMES 
 
 These can be had. free of charge, on application to the Brunswick-Balke- 
 Collender Co.'s publishers. 
 
RULES GOVERNING PROFES- 
 SIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
 
 At present there are but two, whether at caroms or at fifteen-ball 
 pool, whose terms have not expired. The elder of these is the 18 :1 
 (Eighteen-inch Line, One Shot in Balk), and the other the 18:2 
 (same line, with Two Shots in Balk). The rules appended relate to 
 the making and the conduct of matches, and not to the general 
 playing. 
 
 World's Championship at 18:1 Balkline. 1. Contests for the 
 Emblem shall, in addition to the Emblem, involve a money stake 
 amounting to $500 a side. This amount is necessary in order that 
 the holder of the Emblem may not be challenged by unskillful players, 
 whose only object in challenging would be to gain notoriety. 
 
 2. The sum of $250 must accompany all challenges to give them 
 validity. 
 
 3. The holder of the Emblem must cover his challenger's money 
 within ten days after being notified that he has been challenged. 
 Failure, to do so, without sufficient cause therefor, will entitle the 
 challenger to the Emblem. The holder of the Emblem shall not, 
 however, be required to cover the money of more than one chal- 
 lenger at a time. 
 
 4. When $250 has been put up on each side, the $500, as well as 
 the Emblem, becomes subject to forfeiture. The remaining $250 
 must be put up at least ten days prior to the date of contest, and 
 after such final deposit the match shall be "play or pay," i.e., death 
 alone relieving the players from their contract. 
 
 5. The holder of the Emblem may be required to play at the 
 expiration of sixty days from the time of being challenged, but not 
 before. Should either party refuse to play within the specified time, 
 he shall forfeit his claim to Emblem and stakes. Should both parties 
 conspire to defeat this or any other rule relative to the Balk-line 
 Emblem, the match shall be declared off, and the stake money re- 
 turned. The Emblem will revert to the original donors. 
 
 6. To define the above rule, a challenge issued while a match 
 for the Emblem is pending, and being next in order, shall go into 
 effect on the next day after that match has been disposed of either 
 through play or forfeiture. A challenge issued while there is no 
 match pending shall take effect on the day of its date, provided it is 
 not in any way subject to the rule next below. 
 
 355 
 
356 MODERN BILLIARDS. 
 
 7. The challenge of a player who lias been defeated while con- 
 tending for the Emblem shall not go into effect until fifteen days 
 after the contest in which he was defeated. 
 
 8. There shall be no umpires, and no one will be allowed on the 
 platform after the game is called, except the contending players, 
 the referee and the marker. Should there be no platform erected 
 in the hall to set the billiard table on, and for the players to walk 
 on, then no person except the above mentioned shall be allowed 
 within ten feet of the table. 
 
 9. The referee and marker to be mutually agreed upon by the 
 players. In case of failure on their part to agree before half past 
 seven o'clock of the evening of the match, then the donors of the 
 Emblem shall name the referee and marker. 
 
 10. All games to be 500 points up. 
 
 11. The holder of the Emblem will be required to defend it for 
 two years against all comers. During this probation he must 
 deposit with its donors, The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., the 
 sum of five hundred dollars ($500) to insure its preservation in good 
 order, and its delivery to the donors before 12 o'clock noon of the 
 date named for any contest in which it may devolve upon him to 
 defend it. Failure to do so (without good and sufficient cause) will 
 entitle the challenger to the Emblem and the stake money, and the 
 donor of the Emblem to the amount deposited as a guarantee for its 
 safe-keeping and delivery, as hereinbefore provided for. 
 
 12. The Emblem becomes the property of any player who wins 
 it from the champion and successfully defends it against all con- 
 testants for a period of two years. 
 
 13. In all matches for the Emblem, the stakeholders shall be 
 the donors of the Emblem, The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., 
 and all challenges to the champion must be addressed through them, 
 in order that each challenge may be officially recorded, and the 
 champion officially notified. 
 
 14. All matches for the Emblem shall be played with 2f-inch 
 balls, upon a 5x10 table, manufactured by the Brunswick-Balke- 
 Collender Co., and furnished with their "Monarch" cushions. 
 
 15. The city in which contests shall take place must be located 
 in the country of which either party is a resident. In case of a dis- 
 agreement between the parties as to the selection of a hall or room 
 in which the contest shall take place, the donors of the Emblem shall 
 have the final decision. 
 
 World's Championship at 18.2. The foregoing code governs, 
 with the following amendments and additions as adopted by the 
 undersigned players finally on April 4, 1906: 
 
CHAMPIONSHIP RULES. 357 
 
 Sec. 4 is made partially inoperative as to a challenge issued at any 
 time within sixty days of the expiration of the two years' term. The 
 champion must cover the forfeit, and himself either play or forfeit, 
 even if challenged as late as the day before his term would otherwise 
 expire. 
 
 Sec. 8 is amended so as to require a railing around the table, and 
 "not less than seven feet from the outer edge of the table." 
 
 Sees. 8 and 9 together are modified thus: "There shall be no 
 marker." 
 
 The championship term in Sec. 12 is contingently prolonged as 
 provided in Sec. 4 above. 
 
 15. The holder of the Emblem has the right to choose the city 
 wherein the contest shall take place. However, he is bound to select 
 a city located in the country in which he or his opponent has his 
 legal residence. In case of a disagreement between the parties as 
 to the selection of a hall or room in which the contest shall take 
 place, the donors of the Emblem shall have the final decision. 
 
 16. All litigious points that might be raised by either of the 
 competitors in connection with the challenge herein mentioned, 
 either before, or during, or after the contest for the World's Champion- 
 ship Emblem of the 18-inch balkline (2 shots in) game of billiards, 
 shall be settled, without appeal, by the donors of the said Emblem, 
 and the competitors shall have to sign a copy of the present rules, 
 accepting The Brunswick- Balke-Collender Co. as supreme referee in 
 all difficulties that may arise between them on account of the contest. 
 
 THE ADDITIONS ARE: 
 
 1. There shall be no intermission, neither shall it be allowable 
 to brush the table or wipe the balls during the progress of the game. 
 
 2. Winner shall take all receipts and pay all expenses. 
 
 3. The balls shall have a medium-polish finish — that is, between 
 a dead finish and a high polish. 
 
 4. There shall not be any string of markers over the table. 
 
 Geo. F. Slosson, Louis Cure, 
 
 Jacob Schaefer, Wm. F. Hoppe, 
 
 Ora C. Morningstar, Albert G. Cutler. 
 Geo. Sutton, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Acute draws, 128, 160, 170 
 
 Aim and delivery, 26, 27, 56, 57, 
 
 77 
 "Albany Pony," 8 
 Angle, false, 92, 93 
 Angles, 54 to 57, 64, 81, 86, 87, 
 
 90 to 92, 106 to 112 
 Around-the-table, 84, 85, 116 to 
 
 119 
 Attitude, 21 to 23; for females, 
 
 22, 23 
 Averages: how to figure, 204; 
 
 decimals best, 204, 205; general 
 
 or grand averages, 205, 206; 
 
 true and false, 206 
 
 Balkline Games described, 261, 
 264 
 
 Balkline Games recorded, 261 to 
 319 
 
 Balklining an American idea, 7 
 
 Ball: ivory and its care, 14 to 
 18; composition ball, 18; stand- 
 ard size, 18; fractional divi- 
 sions, 27, 29, 41 to 44; slowed 
 in play, 38, 100, 103, 104, 115, 
 124, 127; sometimes slides, in- 
 stead of rolls, 31, 38; illus- 
 trated cue-ball as struck for 
 draw, follow, twist and masse, 
 28 
 
 Bank shots (cushion first), 167, 
 168, 178 to 181 
 
 Billiard-room: its proper dimen- 
 sions for various tables, 9; 
 how best to light it, 9, 10 
 
 Billiard-table arranged for dif- 
 ferent games, 72 
 
 Billiards: pre-eminently a mental 
 pastime, 1; participation its 
 chief charm, 1; as a spectacle, 
 1; historically considered, 4 to 
 8; progress of, 1 to 8; in its 
 new forms, essentially Amer- 
 ican, 7; appliances, their choice 
 and care, 9 to 18 
 
 Bridge hand, 35, 36, 68, 69 
 Buist, Andrew, 8 
 
 Care of ivory, 14 to 18 
 
 Care of table, 11 
 
 Caroms illustrated and directed, 
 
 46 to 199 
 Carr and his magic chalk, 7 
 Chalk, 7, 13 
 
 Change of impingement, 56, 57 
 Changing habits of play, 19, 20 
 Close draw, 193, 199 
 Cloth, 12, 13 
 Cue, 12, 13, 24; how to hold, 25, 
 
 26; elevation, 38, 39 
 Cue-ball, 28; divisions of, 27, 29, 
 
 43, 44; control by means of, 53, 
 
 106, 107 
 Cue-leathers: alleged origin, 6 to 
 
 7; choice and care, 13, 24, 25 
 Curve, convex and concave, 48, 
 
 49; allowance for, 53 
 Curve masse, 130 
 Cushion-carom Game, 8, 320 to 
 
 328; change of rule, 322 
 Cushion first (see bank shots) 
 Cushion follow, 88, 89, 136, 137 
 Cushion kiss, 67, 137, 138, 144, 
 
 147, 149 
 Cushion shots illustrated, 55, 56, 
 
 58, 61, 63, 64, 72, 73, 82, 84, 86, 
 
 88, 92, 96, 99, 100, 107, 117, 119, 
 
 122, 130, 147, 154, 158, 160, 163, 
 
 167, 182, 186, 188, 191, 193 
 Cushion twist, 60 to 63 
 Cushions: their requisites and 
 
 care, 13, 14 
 
 Degrees of cue-elevation, 38, 39 
 Degrees of strength of stroke, 
 
 47, 75 
 Delicacy of touch, 24 
 Delivery, 26, 27, 31, 50 
 Diagonal, retrograde, rotation 
 
 and impulsion, all in one 
 
 stroke, 58 
 
 359 
 
360 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Diagrams of strokes, 46 to 199 
 Dions in England, 8 
 Direct caroms, 74, 78, 82 
 Direct draws, 152, 153 
 Division of cue and object balls, 
 
 41 to 44 
 Doubling object-ball, 100 to 105, 
 
 134, 172 
 Draw, alleged origin of, 6 
 Draw, acute, 128, 160, 170 
 Draw and twist combined, 112 
 Draws and spreads illustrated, j 
 
 32, 77, 120, 128, 130, 133, 153, 
 
 160, 163, 167, 172, 192 to 194, 199 
 Driving shots illustrated, 100, 
 
 103, 104, 124 to 129, 142, 143, 150, 
 
 177, 186 
 
 Early billiards in America, 5, 6 
 Elevation of cue, 38, 39 
 '•English" (see twist) 
 Equal angles, 56, 57 
 Estimating odds, 202, 203 
 Excessive twist, 88, 91, 92 
 Eye at instant of stroke, 26 
 
 False and natural angles, 90 to 
 
 92 
 Fifteen-ball Pool, records of, 314 
 
 to 324 
 "Fine-cut" caroms, 117, 154, 184 
 
 to 187 
 Follow cushion (or cushion fol- 
 low), 88, 136 
 Follow shots, 29 to 31, 52, 53, 
 
 77, 88, 136, 172, 174, 175 
 Force of delivery, 50 
 Forearm movement, 22; with 
 
 wrist stroke, 112 
 Forfeitures, 200 to 201 
 Four-ball Game, records of, 208 
 
 to 236 
 French (or Three-ball) Game, 
 
 records of, 237 to 260 
 
 Games: Four-ball, 208 to 236; 
 Three-ball, 237 to 260; Cham- 
 pion's, 261 to 263; Balkline, 
 264 to 319; Cushion Caroms, 
 Straight and Triple, 320 to 336; 
 Fifteen-ball Pool, 339 to 354 
 Gaslight, height of, 9, 10 
 Gathering shots illustrated, 78 
 to 84, 150, 156 to 165 
 
 Habits, discarding wrong ones, 
 
 19, 20 
 Half masse, 39 
 
 Handicapping, 202, 203 
 Heavy cue, 24 
 Height of gas, 9, 10 
 Higham, Linley, 8 
 Historical, 4 to 8 
 Hollanders, 5 
 How to build a room, 
 How to hold a cue, 25, 
 Huguenots, 5 
 
 9 
 26 
 
 Illustrated caroms, 47 to 199 
 Incidence, angle of reflection 
 
 and, 55 to 57 
 Introductory, 1 to 3 
 Ivory balls, care of, 14 to 18 
 
 Jump, its cause and prevention, 
 14, 39, 40 
 
 Kiss draw, 196, 197 
 Kiss follow, 196, 197 
 Kiss shots illustrated, 67, 123, 
 
 137, 138, 141, 144, 147, 163, 185, 
 
 193, 196, 197 
 Knights-templar, 5 
 
 Ladies' attitude at play, 22, 23 
 Learning from a book, 20 
 Leathering cues, 13 
 
 Machinery of billiards and its 
 
 care, 9 to 18 
 Manual: Part I., 19 to 70; Part 
 
 II., 71 to 199 
 Masse, 35, 37, 39, 68, 69, 148, 149, 
 
 166, 167, 198, 199 
 Mental drawing of angles, 56, 64 
 Methods of twist, 33 
 Mingaud, Capt., 6 
 Monasteries as a billiard cradle, 5 
 More, Cathire, 4 
 Movements of arm and wrist, 22 
 
 Natural angles vs. false, 92, 93 
 
 Nationalities, various, as play- 
 ers, 4 to 7 
 
 N. Y. City's early English bil- 
 liards, 5, 6 
 
 Nursing or holding the balls, 35 
 
 Object-ball, 40; divisions of, 41 
 to 44; driving, 100, 103, 104, 
 124 to 129, 134, 143, 177, 186 
 
 Objective point in calculating 
 angles, 108 
 
 Object of play in all strokes, 72 
 
 Oiling balls, 17 
 
 Opening stroke, 72 
 
INDEX. 
 
 361 
 
 Part I., 19 to 70 
 Part II., 71 to 199 
 
 Perception, quick, 1, 26 
 
 Philosophy of twist, 58 
 
 Pool, Fifteen-ball, 31, 320 to 336 
 
 Position shots illustrated, 78, 81, 
 82, 100 to 105, 114, 115, 124 to 
 129, 134, 143, 150, 156 to 165, 
 177, 186, 193 
 
 Principles involved in caroms, 75 
 
 Projecting cue-tips, 12 
 
 Quarter draws, 152, 153 
 Quick delivery of cue, 31 
 
 Requirements of table and room, 
 
 9 to 18 
 Reverse twist illustrated, 94 to 
 
 97, 132, 133, 176, 177, 182, 183, 
 
 188, 189 
 Rotation, cue-ball without, 49 
 Rules governing professional 
 
 championships, 325, 326. 
 Rules of the various games, 354. 
 
 Scheduling tournaments, 201 
 Scoring games, 203, 204 
 Scoring for the press, 204 
 Sliding cue-ball, 31, 38 
 Slowed cue-ball, 38, 100, 103, 
 
 104, 115, 124, 127 
 Spaniards and De Soto, 5 
 Speeding the object-ball, 38, 53 
 Spots on table for different 
 
 games, 70, 71 
 
 Spread draws, 171 
 
 Strengths of stroke, various, 46 
 
 to 53 
 Stroke: central, 29, 61; opening, 
 
 72; simple, 75, 82; difficult, 
 
 156, 192, 193, 198 
 
 Table and accompaniments, 9 to 
 18 
 
 Table arranged for different 
 games, 70, 71 
 
 Taking aim, 21, 22 
 
 Teaching, 19, 20 
 
 Third and fourth balls intro- 
 duced, 6 
 
 Three-ball Game, records of, 
 237 to 260 
 
 Three-cushion Caroms, 320 to 336 
 
 Tie games in tournaments, 200 
 
 Tournaments, how to conduct, 
 200 to 207 
 
 Twist, alleged origin of, 6 
 
 Twist, natural and reverse, il- 
 lustrated, 32 to 35, 58, 61, 63, 
 88 91 to 93, 115, 120, 133, 137, 
 172, 175, 182, 188, 193, 194, 196, 
 199 
 
 Various caroms from one posi- 
 tion, 87 
 Vigne, Henri de, 4 
 Virginia, English Cavaliers in, 5 
 
 Weight and density of ball, 34, 
 
 35 
 Wrist movement, 22, 34, 112 
 
362 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 INDEX TO BILLIARD RECORD 
 
 FOUR-BALL GAMES (pp. 208 to 236). 
 
 NOTE. THE ONE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 
 
 BY THE ONE PLAYER. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) INDICATE 
 PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES." 
 
 Abrams, 234 
 Ackerman, 215, 222, 223 
 Anderson, 219 
 
 Baldwin, W., 218 
 Beatty, 215 
 Benjamin, 213 
 Bennett, J. G., 232, 234 
 Bessunger, 234 
 Bird, 209, 213 
 Blaisdell, 227 
 Bluim, 219 
 Bly, 225 
 Bowen, 231 
 Brainard, 223 
 Broga, 215 
 Brooks, 214, 227 
 Brough, 218 
 Brown, 214, 217 
 Brown, W., 218 
 Bruce, 218, 221 
 Bryan, 218 
 Bullock, 233, 234 
 Burbank, 212, 213 
 Byers, 229, 231 
 
 Campbell, 230 
 
 Capron, L., 219 
 
 Carme, 211, 217, 219, 223 
 
 Carter, E., 232 
 
 Casper, J., 223, 228, 247 
 
 Chapman, 218 
 
 Cheseborough, 214, 217, 219 
 
 Cherry, 223, 228 
 
 Choate, 215, 218, 222, 223, 228, 229 
 
 Coan, 216 
 
 Colby, 227 
 
 Coon, 214, 217, 222, 229 
 
 Craft, 230 
 
 Crawford, 218 
 
 Cronn, 214, 223 
 
 Crystal, 208 
 
 Cusick, 221 
 
 Daly, M., 208, 226, 231, 232, 233, 
 
 235 (236) 
 Daniels, 214, 215, 217, 220, 222, 
 
 225, 226, 229 
 Davis, 222 
 "Davis," 216 
 Davis, C, 215, 222 
 Davis, E., 221 
 Davis, R., 227 
 
 Deery, 209, 210, 211, 214, 219, 225, 
 
 226, 229, 231 
 Dennison, 227, 231, 233, 234 
 Derome, 232 
 
 Dion, C, 216, 217, 220, 222, 226, 
 
 229, 230, 231 (235) 
 Dion, F., 232 
 Dion, J., 211, 212, 216, 219, 224, 
 
 226, 230, 232 (235, 236) 
 Dodge, 225 
 
 Donahue, 216 
 
 Egener, 222, 232 
 Ellison, 227 
 
 Estephe, 211, 213, 218, 220, 221 
 (236) 
 
 Ferguson, J., 216, 231, 232 
 
 Fitch, 231, 232 
 
 Flack, 227 
 
 Foley, M., 208, 210, 211 (236) 
 
 Foley, T., 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 
 
 223, 224 
 Forhan, 221 
 Foster, 211, 214, 216, 218, 222, 224, 
 
 227, 229, 231 (236) 
 Fox, 211 
 Francis, 232 
 
 Frawley, 215, 220, 223, 224 
 Frink, 214, 216, 232 
 Furlong, 221 
 
 Gamier, 226, 233 (235) 
 Garratt, 228, 229 
 
INDEX. 
 
 363 
 
 Garst, 229 
 
 Geary, 209 
 
 Gillett, 233 
 
 Glessner, 217 
 
 Godfrey, 217 
 
 Goldthwait, 210, 212, 215, 216, 219, 
 
 220, 222, 225, 234 
 Gregg, 228 
 Griffey, 215 
 Grunkemeyer, 223, 228 
 Guillett, 216 
 
 Harding, 214 
 
 Hardy, 225 
 
 Harrison, A. H., 219, 220 
 
 Hewes, 213, 221 
 
 Hewins, 213, 223, 231 
 
 Hickey, 232, 233 
 
 Hoa, 234 
 
 Honing, 215, 223, 228 
 
 Honohan, 221 
 
 rfoyt, 221 
 
 Hubbell, 212, 213, 220 
 
 Humphreys, 227 
 
 Hunt, 212, 213 
 
 Jakes, 213, 214, 216, 222, 231, 232 
 Jamison, 222, 232 (236) 
 
 Karff, 225 
 
 Kavanagh, 209, 212, 217 (236) 
 
 Keating, 212 ~ 
 
 Kendall, 233, 234 
 
 Kenny, 231 
 
 Kimball, 231, 232 
 
 Kinzie, 227 
 
 Kleser, 224, 225, 229 
 
 Knox, 232 
 
 Kraker, 233 
 
 Langdon, 214, 215 
 Le Brun, 216, 221 
 Little, 210, 230 
 Liverman, 225 
 Lloyd, 218 
 Lynch, D., 210 
 Lynch, J., 209 
 
 Maggioli, 234 
 
 Manard, 219 
 
 Masters, 216 
 
 May, 213, 216, 217, 219, 222 
 
 McCarthy, 219, 220 
 
 McCleery, 230, 233 
 
 McCracken, 219, 228, 229 
 
 McDevitt, 211, 212, 215, 216, 220, 
 
 222 (235, 236) 
 McFarland, 219 
 
 McKeever, 214 
 McVittie, 216 
 Miller, D., 213, 214, 217 
 Miller, H., 234 
 Miller, J., 234 
 Miller, M. M., 219 
 Montgomery, 213 
 Morris, E., 222 
 Morris, G., 219 
 Murphy, J. F., 227 
 Murphy, James, 227 
 Myers, F. A., 218 
 
 Nelms, 211, 213, 220, 221, 232 (236) 
 
 O'Brien, 227 
 O'Connell, 219 
 Olcott, 224 
 Orndorff, 223 
 
 Palmer, J., 213, 221 
 
 Parker, F., 212, 222, 226, 228, 229 
 
 (236) 
 Pearce, 219 
 Peck, 214, 233 
 Phelan, J., 232 
 Phelan, M., 209, 212 (236) 
 Phillips, 217 
 Pickley, 227 
 Plunkett, 213, 218, 232 
 Porter, 213 
 
 Quaid, 234 
 Quill, 223 
 
 Rapelye, 230, 233 
 
 Rhines, 216, 221,. 224, 225 
 
 Rivers, 222 
 
 Roberts, 230 
 
 Rockhill, 221 
 
 Rogers, 225, 230, 233 
 
 Rooney, 216 
 
 Rudolphe, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 
 
 231, 232 (236) 
 Russell, 232 
 Ryall, 213, 218, 221 
 
 Seavor, 225 
 
 Seereiter, 208, 209, 211 (236) 
 
 Sexton, 235 
 
 Shiel, 227, 230 
 
 Simonds, 223 
 
 Slosson, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235 
 
 Smith, C. E., 217, 227, 230 
 
 Smith, F. E., 214, 222 
 
 Smith, G., 208 
 
 Snyder, 222, 225, 228 
 
 Spear, 227 
 
364 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Sproul, 225 
 Stevens, 227 
 Stone, 227, 231 
 
 Terrell, 219 
 Tieman, 209, 211 
 Tobin, 214, 215, 227 
 Turner, 215, 222, 223 
 Tustin, 214, 225 
 Twitchell, 231, 232 
 
 Upham, 230 
 
 Vanderwerker, 225, 230, 233 
 Vermeulen, 216, 219, 221, 223 
 
 Wade, 219 
 
 Watkins, 227 
 
 Wharton, 225 
 
 White, J. N., 208, 209 
 
 White, T. H., 227 
 
 Wickes, 214 
 
 Wider, 219 
 
 Williams, A. B., 227 
 
 Williams, R. T., 217 
 
 Williamson, 228 
 
 Wilmarth, 214, 215, 217, 227, 233 
 
 Wilson, 227 
 
 Wilson, C. E., 231, 233, 234 
 
 Wollahan, 213 
 
 Wright, 223, 233 (236) 
 
 REGULAR THREE-BALL CAROMS (pp. 237 to 260). 
 
 NOTE. — THE ONE NAME IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 
 ON THE ONE PAGE. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) INDICATE 
 PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES." 
 
 Abrams, 242, 244, 251, 252 
 
 Bainbridge, 258 
 
 Barnard, 258, 259 
 
 Bassford, 239 
 
 Benjamin, 238 
 
 Bessunger, 242, 243, 250, 252 
 
 Blanchard, 242 
 
 Bluim, 247 
 
 Braisted, Jr., 237, 238 
 
 Briggs, 244 
 
 Burchard, 247 
 
 Burleigh, 248, 249, 252, 257 
 
 Bussey, 248, 253 
 
 Capron, J., 258 
 
 Carme, 237, 239 
 
 Carney, 253 
 
 Carter, 247, 248, 250, 252, 257 
 
 Casper, 247 
 
 Catton, 255, 256, 260 
 
 Choate, 247, 248 
 
 Cochrane, 242 
 
 Cole, 256 
 
 Coleman, H., 247 
 
 Cook, 245 
 
 Coon, 239, 240 
 
 Coste, 242, 244 
 
 Daly, M., 241 to 255 (260) 
 
 Daniels, 240, 246, 250 
 
 Dawson, 256 
 
 Deery, 237, 242, 249 
 
 Dennison, 244 
 
 Dion, C, 238, 240 to 243, 245 to 
 
 254 
 Dion, J., 238 to 250, 252 (260) 
 Dodds, 245, 255 
 Donahue, 258 
 Doyle, 239 
 Duhy, 259 
 
 Eames, 258 
 Effler, 248 
 Emery, 257 
 Estephe, 255 
 
 Flannagan, 257 
 Foley, T., 240 
 Foley, T. P., 280 
 Foster, 238, 246 
 Fox, 237 
 Freeman, 237 
 
 Gallagher, 247, 248, 252, 253, 254, 
 256 
 
INDEX. 
 
 365 
 
 Gamier, 240, 241, 243 to 252, 254, 255 
 Garratt, 248, 249, 253 
 
 Haskell, 259 
 Hawkins, 253 
 Heiser, 252, 253, 254, 256 
 Hewins, 238, 239 
 Hickey, 244 
 Hoa, 244, 248, 253 
 Honing, 247, 248, 252 
 Honohan, 239, 253 
 
 Ives, 259 
 
 Jennings, 257, 259 
 Jones, 257 
 
 Kavanagh, 237 
 Keeney, 259 
 Kerkau, 259 (260, 314) 
 Knapp, G. L., 257 
 Knight, C., 252 
 Knight, S. F., 245 
 Kraker, 243, 249 
 
 Le Brun, 240 
 Little, 243 
 Liverman, 240, 248 
 Lowry, 255 
 
 McAfee, 248 
 
 McAlier, 239 
 
 McCleery, 243, 256, 259 
 
 McCreery, 253 to 256 
 
 McDevitt, 238 
 
 McKenna, 257, 258, 260 
 
 McLaughlin, 255, 256, 259, 260 
 
 Maginniss, 258 
 
 Maggioli, 242, 243, 244, 248, 249, 
 
 252, 256 
 Magnus, 255, 256 
 Miller, A., 258 
 Miller, C. P., 253 
 Miller, H., 239, 241, 242, 244, 248, 
 
 249, 252 
 Miller, J., 244, 252 
 Morris, G., 253 
 Morris, Lon, 244, 256 
 Morten, 257, 258 
 Moulton, 259 
 Mott, Jr., 253 
 Mullen, 247 
 
 Nelms, 239, 245, 255 
 
 Oddie, Jr., 257, 258 (328) 
 
 Palmer, 239 
 
 Parker, 239, 241, 248, 253 
 
 Pearce, 240 
 
 Peck, 244 
 
 Perkins, 243, 257 
 
 Pihet, 245 
 
 Piot, 255 
 
 Plunkett, 239 
 
 Poggenburg, 259 
 
 Pulsifer, 244 
 
 Quaid, 244, 251, 252 
 
 Reed, 255, 256 
 Rhines, 239, 241, 248, 253 
 Rice, 263 (Champion's Game) 
 Rockhill, 239 
 
 Rudolphe, 240, 241, 243, 245, 246, 
 248, 249, 250, 252, 254 
 
 Say lor, B., 253, 256 
 
 Schaefer, J., 243, 249, 250, 252 to 
 
 255, 258 to (260) 
 Shauer, 257 
 Shaw, 248, 250 
 Seaman, 253 
 
 Sexton, 243, 247 to 254 (260) 
 Slosson, 243, 246 to 255 (260) 
 Snyder, 243, 253 
 Soule, 257 
 Stone, 238 
 Sullivan, 244 
 
 Terrell, 243 
 Thatcher, 247, 252 
 Townsend, A. R., 258, 259 (328) 
 Trebar, 314 
 
 Ubassy, 242 to 248 
 
 Vermeulen, 240 
 
 Vignaux, 243, 246. 248, 249, 255 (260) 
 
 Wickes, 238 
 Wilson, 244 
 Wright, 243 
 
366 
 
 iNDi:\. 
 
 BALKLINE GAMES (pp. 264 to 319), INCLUDING 
 CHAMPION'S (pp. 261 to 263) 
 
 NOTE — THE ONE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 
 BY THE ONE PLAYER. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) INDICATE 
 
 PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES. 
 
 Abrams 262, 283, 285 
 
 Adair, 289 
 
 Adams, 275, 282, 284, 297 
 
 Adorjan, 287, 288, 289 
 
 Akin, 283 
 
 Alcorn, 301, 306, 312 
 
 Allen, 314 
 
 Allinger, 278 
 
 Alvarez, 294 
 
 Amidon, 298 
 
 Anson, 267 
 
 Arnold, 279, 280 
 
 Atwater, 280, 281 
 
 Bainbridge, 279 
 
 Ballard, 285, 289, 299 
 
 Banker, 315 
 
 Barker, 292, 296 
 
 Barnard, 292, 296 
 
 Barutel, 285, 286 
 
 Barrett, 304 
 
 Behrens, 265, 266 
 
 Bennett, L. W., 293 
 
 Bennie, 291, 293 
 
 Bevington, 288 
 
 Bigelow, 316 
 
 Billings, 288 
 
 Billiter, 286, 292 
 
 Bingham, 282 
 
 Blanc, 297, 313, 317 
 
 Bliss, 299 
 
 Borda, 295, 301 
 
 Boschert, 272 
 
 Boyd, 292, 302, 308, 315 
 
 Brock, 298, 310 
 
 Brown, A. J., 275, 282, 288, 289, 
 
 299, 301, 304, 310, 311, 314 
 Brown, 293 
 Brown, Jas., 316 
 Bullock, 272 
 
 Burns, 282, 288, 289, 297 
 Burris, 267, 272, 275, 276, 278 
 
 Campbell, 270, 272, 299 
 Canda, 293, 295, 296, 299, 311 
 Capron, J., 272, 274, 276, 204 
 Carcass, 289 
 
 Carney, 287, 292 
 
 Carter, E., 261, 262, 268 to 273 
 
 Carter, G., 275, 276 
 
 Cassignol, 317 
 
 Castel, 297 
 
 Catton, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 277, 
 
 278 
 Cayla, 298 
 Clark, 304 
 Cline, H., 276, 307 
 Cline, J., 267, 272, 310-11 
 Clough, 315 
 Clow, 286, 287 
 Cochrane, 280, 285, 289, 296, 299, 
 
 310, 314 
 Cody, 304 
 Coffin, 289, 292, 297 
 Coleman, 284, 297, 298, 299, 300, 
 
 303, 310, 317 
 Collins, 304, 314 
 Conly, 303 
 Conklin, 281 to 285, 287, 289, 293, 
 
 294, 297, 299, 304, 307, 308, 311- 
 
 313, 316, 317 
 Conway, 306 
 Coste, 262 
 Cox, 301 
 Crane, 301 
 
 Cure, 286, 290 (298), 302, 309 (319) 
 Cutler, 281, 286, 288, 305, 306, 307, 
 
 309, 310-11, 313, 314 
 
 Daly, J., 293 
 
 Daly, M., 261, 264, 265, 267, 271, 
 
 277 278 
 Darantiere, 297, 302, 308, 313, 317 
 Davis, 263 
 Davis, W. E., 288 
 Day, 269 
 Deconde, 308 
 
 De Dree, 291, 297, 302, 317 
 Demarest, 304, 307-8, 310, 311, 
 
 313, 316, 317-18 (337) 
 De Sola, 288 
 Dethke, 285 
 De Young, 303 
 Dion, J., 264, 267 
 Dittman, 303 
 
INDEX. 
 
 367 
 
 Dodds, 272, 275 
 
 Douglas, 279, 290, 295, 296, 304, 
 ' 305, 313 
 
 Dubois, 288, 297, 315 
 Ducassez, 294, 295 
 Duniway, 314 
 
 Eames, 270, 272, 275, 293 
 Eaton, C, 295 
 Edwards, 301 
 Ehrlich, 272 
 Ellison, 275, 276 
 Emslie, 316 
 English, 288, 291 
 
 Farley, 293 
 
 Faroux, 297 
 
 Ferris, 287, 292 
 
 Fischer, 314 
 
 Foley, T. P., 280, 281 
 
 Foss, 279, 281, 284, 287, 289, 294, 
 
 296 (326) 
 Fouquet, 291 
 
 Fournil, 270, 275, 286, 298 (318) 
 Foy, 303, 306 
 Francois, 313 
 Franklin, 282 
 Fremont, 299, 312 
 
 Gallagher, 262, 267 to 270, 275, 
 276, 277, 282, 284, 28"5, 291, 305, 
 306, 307, 310, 311, 314, 315 
 
 Gardner, E. W., 276, 283, 286, 289, 
 293, 294, 299, 300, 305, 307, 315, 
 316, 317-18 
 
 Gardner, F. C., 283, 286 
 
 Gardner, P., 290 
 
 Gay, 270 
 
 Gerhardt, 284 
 
 Gershel, 279, 292, 293, 296, 298, 
 300, 303, 304, 305, 311 
 
 Gibelin, 286 
 
 Gillette, 292 
 
 Gilman, 272 
 
 Glorieux, 294, 295 
 
 Goodwin, 275 
 
 Gray, 280 
 
 Guillet, 265, 266 
 
 Hahman, 317 
 
 Hale, 288, 289, 296 
 
 Hanson, 304 
 
 Harer, F., 301 
 
 Harris, 280, 281, 285, 289, 303 
 
 Hatley, 270, 271, 275, 276, 286, 288, 
 
 292, 324 
 Hawks, 269 
 Hawley, 301, 306, 312 
 
 Hecking, 308 
 
 Heiser, 261, 262 (263), 268, 269, 271, 
 
 275 
 Helm, 274 
 Hendrick, 265, 269, 279, 281, 283, 
 
 286, 287 
 Hevner, 279, 281 
 Hogue, 296 
 Holden, 295, 301 
 Hoppe, F., 301, 312 
 Hoppe, W. F., 285, 294, 295, 302, 
 
 307, 308, 309, 310 (318-19) 
 Hovey, J., 295, 301, 306, 312 
 Howe, 289 
 
 Howison, 282, 284, 285 
 Hoxie, 295 
 Huntley, 296, 304 
 Huyck, 291, 299, 303, 312 
 Hyatt, 324 
 
 Ives, 270 to 278 (318, 319) 
 
 Jack, 274 
 
 Jackson, 303, 306, 313, 314, 317 
 
 Jakes, 288, 291, 293 
 
 Jennings, 272, 276, 292, 3'06, 315 
 
 Jenkins, 299, 306 
 
 Kasey, 324 
 
 Keane, 302, 308, 315 
 
 Keeney, 272, 276, 280, 281, 283 
 
 Kellogg, R. W., 269 
 
 Kellogg, W. W., 275, 281, 282, 
 
 284, 286 
 Kennedy, 304, 315 
 Kenniston, 292 
 Kent, 301 
 
 Kerkau, 277, 327-28 
 Kinsman, 290 
 Kurtz, 284 
 
 Labouret, 308, 31/ 
 
 Lamare, 297 
 
 Lang, 281, 289 
 
 Larcher, 308 
 
 Lejeune, 291 
 
 Lettelier, 302 
 
 Leonard, 302, 308, 317 
 
 Leuiller, 270 
 
 Levine, 281 
 
 Levy, M., 281 
 
 Levy, P., 267 
 
 Lewenberg, 296, 298, 299, 300, 303, 
 
 305, 310 (326-27) 
 Liverman, 300 
 Logan, 299 
 Lowenthal, 295 
 Lowry, 304 
 
368 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 MacBisaillon, 314 
 McCabe, 276 
 McCleery, 266, 272 
 McCreery, 270. 281, 284 
 
 .McDonald. 284 
 McKay, 280 
 McKee. 283. 284 
 McKenna, 268 
 
 McLaughlin, 262, 266, 267, 26S, 
 269. 272, 275, 276, 277, 284, 285, 
 
 288, 202, 305, 306, 307, 310-11, 314 
 McShea, 301 
 
 Maggioli. 262. 266, 269, 270, 271, 
 
 272, 275, 276. 277, 298, 303, 311 
 Maginnis, 282, 296, 297 
 Maguire, 304, 315 
 Marcotte, 293, 294 
 Maure, 291, 297 
 Mayer, J., 304 
 Mayer, Jos., 306, 312 
 Mial, 278, 279, 281, 283, 284, 287, 
 
 289, 292, 293, 294, 299, 316 
 Milburn, 276 
 
 Miehle, 284 
 
 Miller (Pittsburg), 291 
 
 Miller, A. B., 273, 276, 278, 279, 
 
 282, 283, 287, 296 
 Miller, J. M., 285, 288, 289, 293, 
 
 296, 299, 303, 306 
 Millette, 292, 293, 295, 302, 315 
 Moon, 301 
 Morley, 297 
 Morningstar, 277, 282, 284, 285, 
 
 287, 294, 295, 309, 311, 312, 314, 
 
 315 
 Morris, Lon, 264, 266 
 Mortier, 313, 317 (337) 
 Morton, 291, 295, 301, 306, 312 
 Moulds, 266, 270 
 
 Muldaur, 280, 303, 305, 310, 311 
 Mullen, 279, 284 
 Myers, 298 
 
 Naves, 291 
 
 Nelys, 291, 297, 301 
 
 Nolan, 275, 281, 282, 302, 304 
 
 Norris, 283, 287, 300, 307 
 
 Oakes, 276 
 Oberlander, 262 
 Oddie, Jr., 273 
 Ortiz, 284, 285, 294 
 
 Paige, 286, 295, 298 
 Palmer, 267 
 Parker, F., 267 
 
 Parker, H., 282, 2S4, 296, 300, 302, 
 304 
 
 Parker (Minn.), 291 
 
 Parker, Dr., 312 
 
 Parker (Boston), 314 
 
 Pasco, 313 
 
 Payan, 294 
 
 Pecchart, 288, 292 
 
 Peterson, C, 286, 292, 298, 310 
 
 Phillippi, 288, 291 
 
 Piot, 270 
 
 Pleindoux, 302 
 
 Poggenburg, 276, 278 to 281, 283, 
 286, 289, 292 to 294, 298, 300, 303, 
 305, 307, 315, 316, 317 (337) 
 
 Poland, 291 
 
 Powers, 288, 291, 293 
 
 Presbv. 295 
 
 Prior, 314 
 
 Ranney, 273, 276 
 
 Rapp, 290 
 
 Rasquinet, 291 
 
 Rawson, 280 
 
 Reaney, 295 
 
 Rein, 263, 275, 284, 288, 289, 296, 
 
 299, 300, 302, 304, 311 
 Reinman, 296 
 Rerolle, 291, 296, 297, 302, 308, 
 
 313, 317-18 (337) 
 Rhines, 270 
 Rhodes. 276 
 Rice, 275 
 Risdon, 300 
 
 Roberts (Pittsburg), 288 
 Robinson, 308 
 Rockhill, 267 
 Roggan, 282, 288 
 Rolls, 290, 291, 295, 301, 306, 312, 
 
 316 
 Roney, 298, 306 
 Rose, 301 
 Roudil, 301, 308 
 Rudolphe, 261, 265 
 Ryle, 289 
 
 Sanchez, 294, 295 
 
 Sawyer, 262 
 
 Saylor, B., 266, 273 
 
 Schaefer, J., 261, 262, 263 to 271, 
 
 273 to 277, 278, 280, 285, 286, 308, 
 
 312, 313 (318-19) 
 Scheidig, 315 
 Schmitt, 282, 287, 298, 300 
 Schweizer, 316 
 Servatius, 279, 292, 293, 295, 300, 
 
 302 
 Sexton, 261, 264, 267, 268, 275 
 
INDEX. 
 
 369 
 
 Shaw, 272, 298 
 
 Shean, 265 
 
 Shedaker, 291, 306 
 
 Sigourney, 287, 297, 300 
 
 Slosson, 261 to 263, 266 to 271, 
 
 273, 274, 278, 280, 285, 286, 290, 
 
 308, 309, 310, 314 (318-19) 
 Smalley, 298 
 Smith, 308 
 
 Smith, J. D., 279, 281, 293, 294 
 Sorenson, 285 
 Spears, 286 to 289, 292 
 Spinks, 276 to 278 
 Stark, 273, 276, 278 to 281, 283, 
 
 286, 289 
 Stephenson, 300 
 Strauss, 310 
 Sutra, 308 
 Sutton, G., 273 to 278, 285, 286, 
 
 290, 293, 295, 298, 309, 310, 312 
 
 (318-19) 
 
 Taylor, Al, 279, 281, 292, 294, 298, 
 
 303, 307, 310-11 
 Taylor, F. L., 282 
 Thatcher, 270 
 Thayer, 291, 299, 303 
 Thomas, 274, 288, 311 
 Thornton, 281 
 
 Threshie, 281 to 283, 287, 298, 300 
 Tobias, Florian, 279, 296 
 Tomsone, 311 
 
 Townsend, A. R., 276, 280, 281, 
 
 283, 286, 289, 293, 294 
 Townsend, H., 295 
 
 Uffenheimer, 301, 306, 312 
 
 Van Dieman, 298 
 Van Duppen, 302 
 Van Haften, 306 
 Vantine, 299, 300 
 Van Vleck, 305, 311 
 Vignaux, 264, 265, 268, 270, 273, 
 286, 290, 293, 295, 307 (310, 311) 
 
 Wallace, 264 
 
 Walker (Pittsburg), 272 
 
 Walker (Chicago), 299, 303 
 
 Watson, 274 
 
 Wefers, 303 
 
 White (Canada), 284 
 
 White, C. E., 292, 295, 296, 300, 
 
 302, 305, 308, 315 
 White, H., 295 
 White, H. W., 288, 289 
 White, W. G., 269 
 Whitehead, J. B., 299 
 Whitehead (Trenton), 314 
 Wheeler, 311, 312 
 Wilmot, 312 
 Wiener, 310 
 Wormser, 303, 306 
 Wright, 315, 316-17 (317) 
 
 CUSHION CAROMS— STRAIGHT AND TRIPLE. 
 
 NOTE. THE ONE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 
 
 BY THE ONE PLAYER. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) DENOTE 
 PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES." 
 
 STRAIGHT. 
 
 Allen, T. W., 323 
 
 Baldwin, S. G., 320 
 Barnard, C, 324 
 Beard, 327 
 Bird, 320-21 
 Bullock, 325 
 Burris, 325 
 Bussey, 325 
 Brock, 327 
 
 Campbell, 322 to 324, 326 
 Carter, E., 321 to 323, 325, 326 
 
 Catton, 325 
 Cline, J., 325 
 Conklin, 327 
 Cotton, 324 
 
 Daly, M., 321 to 323, 325, 326 
 
 Dankleman, 325 
 
 Davis, C, 225 
 
 Day, 320 
 
 De Long, 323 
 
 Dion, J., 320, 321, 322 (328) 
 
 Donovan, 225 
 
 Eames, 324, 325, 326 
 Estephe, 320, 321 
 
370 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Flack, 320 
 Fournil, 326 
 
 Gallagher, 321, 323, 325, 326, 327 
 Gamier, 321, 325 
 Gilman, 324, 326 
 Guillet, 326 
 
 Hale, 327 
 Hatley, 325 
 Heiser, 321 
 Honing, 323 
 Hunter, 321 
 
 Ives, 325, 326 (328) 
 Johnson, D., 323 
 Kimball, 322 
 
 Levy, P., 320, 321, 325 
 
 McDevitt, 320 
 
 McLaughlin, 320, 321, 325, 327 
 
 Marshall, 321, 323, 324 
 
 Matthews, 325 
 
 Miller, S. W., 326 
 
 Morris, A., 321 
 
 Morse, 322 
 
 Moulds, 325 
 
 Muldaur, 327 
 
 Nelms, E., 320, 321 
 
 O'Neill, 324 
 
 Palmer, 320, 321, 325 
 Piot, 321 
 Poggenburg, 327 
 Pollard, 327 
 
 Reeves, 323 
 Roberts, G. A., 321 
 
 Schaefer, C, 325 
 Schaefer, J., 320 to (327-8) 
 Sexton, 320 to (327-8) 
 Slosson, 321 to (327-8) 
 
 Tarrant, 321 
 Thatcher, 323, 325 
 
 Vignaux, 321 to 323, 326 
 
 Wallace, T., 321, 322, 326 
 Warner, 320 
 West, 322 
 
 Wolff, 320 
 Woods, 325 
 
 Yatter, 321, 323 to 326 
 
 TRIPLE. 
 
 Abrams, 330 
 Anderson, 331 
 Anson, 329 
 Austin, 335 
 Avery, 332, 335 (336) 
 
 Ball, 333 
 Barry, 331 
 Barutel, 331 
 Bayne, 335 
 Berry, 331 
 Brock, 331 
 Bunker, 331 
 Burdick, 334 
 
 Capron, J., 329, 335 
 Carney, 333 
 Carter, E., 329, 330 
 Catton, 330 
 Chappell, 335 
 Clark, 335 
 Clark, W., 329 
 Clayton, 331 
 Cline, H., 335 
 Conklin, 333 
 Coon, 333 
 Cutler, 335 
 
 Daly, J., 330, 333, 335-6 
 Davis, W. F., 331 
 Day, 335 (336) 
 De Oro, 332, 335 
 "Dooley," 334 
 
 Eames, 331 
 Ellison, 334 
 
 Ferguson, A. D., 331 
 Freeman, 334 
 French, 334, 336 
 Fuller, 335 
 
 Gallagher, 329, 332, 336 
 Gershel, 331 
 "Goodday," 334 
 Gremmels, 336 
 Gundaker, 333 
 
 "Harris," 331 
 Harrison, W. H., 330 
 
INDEX. 
 
 371 
 
 Haskell, 329 
 Hatley, 333 
 Heineman, C, 329 
 Hevner, 331 
 Horgan, 335-6 
 Howard, 331 
 Howe, 334 
 Hueston, 335 
 Huey, 332 
 Hutchings, 331 
 Hyatt, 333 
 
 Ives, 329, 330 
 
 Jevne, 329 to 333 
 Johnson, S., 336 
 Johnson, W. S., 331 
 Johnston, W., 333 
 Jones, 333 
 
 Kasey, 335 
 Kenniston, 333 
 Kendrick, 335 
 
 Lacey, 335 
 Laurie, 335 
 Lawrence, 333 
 Lean, 335 
 Lord, 335 
 
 McCreery, 329 (336) 
 McLaughlin, 336 
 Maggioli, 334 
 Magnus, 329, 333 
 Maloney, 330 
 Miller, G. H., 330 
 Milsap, 335 
 Mitchell, G., 332 
 Morin, 332 to 334 
 Morningstar, 336 
 Myers, W. H., 330 
 
 Newland, 329 
 
 Pallasco, 334, 336 
 Pellage, 332 
 
 Peterson, F. (336) 
 Potts, 329 
 Presby, 332 
 
 Rapp, 331 
 Riley, 332 
 Rinehart, 334 
 Roux, 334 
 Ryan, 335 
 
 Sauer, 329 
 Sayles, 333 
 Scovil, 333 
 Schaefer, J., 329 
 Seymour, 333 
 "Shawt," 334 
 Shea, 332, 334 (336) 
 Short, 333 
 Stanley, 335 
 Stiner, 329 
 Stone, 334 
 Strauss, 336 
 Sutton G., 330 
 
 Tarleton, 330 
 Thatcher, 330 
 Townsend, 330 
 "Turners," 334 
 
 Upton, 333 
 
 Vasquez, 330, 332, 336 
 
 "Wadsworth," 331, 332 
 
 Wallace, 334 
 
 Wesseling, 333 
 
 Weston, 334 
 
 Wheeler, 334 
 
 Wheeler (Chicago Am.), 332 
 
 Wheeler (St. Louis), 331 
 
 White, F. R., 332 
 
 "Williams," 331 
 
 Wilson, 329 
 
 Wright (St. Louis) 331 
 
 Zaehringer, 330. 
 
 FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 
 
 NOTE. THE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES BY 
 
 THE ONE PLAYER. 
 
 Alana, 349 
 Alexander, 351 
 Allinger, 348 
 Andrews, 353 
 
 Banks, 351, 352 
 Barnes, 347 
 Barrett, 352 
 Barton, 345 
 
372 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Becker, 349 
 Bessunger, 341 
 Bien, 352. 353 
 Block. 341 
 Brumby. 350 
 Burns, 349 
 Burris, 348 
 
 Carnev. 350 
 Carreche. 349 
 Carter, E.. 341 
 Claess. 342, 343 
 Clearwater. 343 to 351 
 Collaruore. 352. 353 
 Colton, 352, 353 
 Crowe, 354 
 
 Dale, 341 
 
 Dalv. J., 34S, 351. 352 
 
 Dankleman, 341. 343 
 
 Dawson, 351 
 
 De Oro, 338, 342 to 350, 354 
 
 Dewey, 352 
 
 Dinning, 345 
 
 Dion. C, 339, 340 
 
 Dion, J., 339, 340 
 
 Doran, 353 
 
 Dougherty, 345. 347, 34S 
 
 Douglas, 352, 353 
 
 Dupree, 352 
 
 Eby, 344. 345. 34S to 350 
 Eden, 340 
 
 Eggleston, 343, 346 
 Erickson, 345 
 
 Fancher, 351 
 Fey, 351, 352, 354 
 Field, 340 
 Fraley, 351 
 Frev, A., 340 to 342 
 Frey, G., 339 
 
 Gamble. 352 
 Gillett, 349 
 Gould, 340 
 Gray, 352 
 Griffith, 352-3 
 
 Hamber, 349 
 Hamilton, 342 
 Hart. 352-3 
 Heatherton, 352-4 
 Heman, 341 
 Horgan. 348, 350 
 Hough, 340 
 Horning, 348 
 Hueston, 350, 351, 354 
 Hyman, 351 
 
 Kelly, 348 
 
 Keogh, 343 to 351 
 
 King. H., 347 
 
 King. J., 34(» to 343 
 
 Kirkland. 349 
 
 Knight. S. P., 339 to 343 
 
 Kowenhoven, 351 
 
 Krvne, 353 
 
 Kuntzsch, 344, 345, 346 
 
 Lake, 351 
 Lambert, 341 
 Lawlor, 343 
 Lean, 350, 354 
 Leonard, 341 
 Levy, P., 34S 
 Lewis, 351 
 Long, 348, 349 
 Lubbock. 353 
 Luddington, 345 
 
 McCabe. 349 
 McCoy, 353 
 McCune, 349 
 McXarnarra, 351 
 McWarble, 339 
 Mack, 340 
 Malone, 341 to 343 
 Manning. 342 to 345 
 Moore. 339 
 Morris, A., 339, 340 
 Morris, G.. 340 
 Munsey, 347 
 
 O'Donahue, 352 
 
 Payton, 344 
 Pearce, 353 
 Pelletier, 351, 352, 354 
 Porter. 349 
 Powers, 343 to 346 
 Price, 349 
 
 Rhoades, 348 
 
 Rice, 352 
 
 Roberts. J. (Eng.), 33S, 346 
 
 Robinson. 351 
 
 Rodgers. 342, 346, 349 
 
 Roff. 352 
 
 Rudolphe, 339, 340 
 
 Saborido, 345 
 Schaefer. C, 339 to 342 
 Schaefer, J., 339, 340 
 Schu. 353 
 Schutt, 352 
 Sexton. 339, 340 
 Shaw, 343 
 
INDEX. 
 
 373 
 
 Sherman, 344 to 350, 354 
 
 Smith, Prof., 349 
 
 Smith, 352 
 
 Smith (Houston), 353 
 
 Sneden, 349 
 
 Stewart, 344 to 346 
 
 Stofft, 348, 349 
 
 Strewe, 345 
 
 Stubbs, 348 
 
 Sutton, G., 341 
 
 Tallman, 351 
 Tarleton, M., 349 
 Thompson, E., 341 
 Thompson, 353 
 Thornton, 348 
 Tilt, W. A., 353, 354 
 Tripp, 351 
 
 Vorhoff, G., 349 
 Vorhoff, J., 349 
 
 Wahlstrom, 339, 340 
 
 Wallace, 341 
 
 Ward, 345 
 
 Walsh, 344 to 346, 349 
 
 Weller, 340 
 
 Wenrick, 345, 346, 349 
 
 Werner, 346 
 
 Weston, 349, 350, 354 
 
 Wharton, 343 
 
 White, T. E., 347 
 
 Williams, 353 
 
 Wilson, 347 
 
 Wilson, C. E., 339, 340 
 
 Young, Jr., 351, 352 
 
 FIRST EVENTS OF NOTE. 
 
 Amateur championship, 225; sec- 
 ond, 227 
 
 Amateur championship of Amer- 
 ica, 257 
 
 Amateur to become champion, 
 212, 213 
 
 "Average" -keeping, 208 
 
 "Average" of double figures at 
 Three-ball Game, 241 
 
 "Averages" (single and general) 
 exactly alike, 266 
 
 Balkline introduced and de- 
 scribed, 261 (Champion's Game); 
 264 (8.2, followed by 10, 12, 
 12|, 14, and 18 in.); 265, 266 
 (Space Game) 
 
 Balkline (14.2), 267; in France, 
 270 
 
 Balkline (18.2) introduced, 276; 
 revived, 290 
 
 Balklining by amateurs (8.2, 14.2, 
 and 18.2), 272, 273, 291, 292 
 
 Balkline (18.1) introduced, 276, 
 277; championship series, 277, 
 278, 285 
 
 Bridge barred, 214 
 
 Brunswick table in public, 222 
 
 California's only first-class tour- 
 ney, 251 
 Canadian tournament, 213 
 Champion's Game, 261; in 
 France, 262 
 
 Championship tournament, 210, 
 
 211; of world, 242 
 Chicago's first-class tournament, 
 
 243 
 Contest between foreigners, 219 
 Contest between French experts, 
 
 223 
 Contest of multiple nights, 244; 
 
 of same at Cushion Caroms, 
 
 305 
 Crotch barred, 210, 239 
 Cushion-Carom Game, changes 
 
 in cushioning rule, 302 
 
 Entrance-fees in tournament, 
 225; revived, 266, 267 
 
 Five players (the whole num- 
 ber) tied alike, 269 
 Four-pocket table introduced, 210 
 Fournil visits America, 306 
 
 Game played over, 232; second 
 (Diamond Cue championship), 
 226 
 
 Game prohibitive of nursing, 230 
 
 Handicap in public tournament, 
 
 231, 252, 266 
 Home-and-home match, 210 
 
 Jawing barred, 211 
 
374 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Kerkau visits America, 277 
 
 Lines on table, 224 
 
 Long games in tournament, 225, 
 
 251 
 Lowering of height of tables, 237 
 
 Mace barred, 214 
 Masse barred, 210 
 
 Playing under protest, 224 
 Push-shot barred, 214, 225 
 Push-shot restored, 218 
 Professional tournament, 209, 210 
 Public or record contest, 208 
 Public match at West, 209 
 
 Running-out of game from start, 
 227 
 
 Run of triple figures at Three- 
 ball Game, 241 
 
 State championship, 212 
 Sweepstakes tournament, 
 
 324 
 
 Thousand-point Three-ball Game 
 in a night, 254 
 
 Three-ball Game officially adopt- 
 ed, 239, 240, 242 
 
 Three-cushion tournament, 329 
 
 Tournament in France, 255; also 
 the last professional one any- 
 where at the same game 
 (Three-ball Caroms) 
 
 CHIEF CAROM CHAMPIONSHIP 
 TOURNEYS. 
 
 Of America, 210, 211, 225, 226, 246, 
 310 322 330 
 
 Of Canada, 213, 216, 217, 219, 222, 
 232 
 
 Of the Champions, State and 
 Canadian, 220 
 
 Of Chicago, 253 
 
 Of France, 255, 286 
 
 Of Long Island, 225, 230, 233, 245 
 
 Of Philadelphia room-keepers, 
 267, 276, 278, 281, 313 
 
 Of "Shortstops," 270, 272, 276, 
 277, 294 ("Young Masters" in 
 Paris), 301, 310 
 
 Of States— California, 231; Con- 
 necticut, 212, 213, 265, 269; Con- 
 necticut and Western Massa- 
 chusetts, 265, 266; Dakota, 257; 
 Georgia, 218; Illinois, 216, 221, 
 299; Indiana, 219, 228, 253; 
 Louisiana, 234, 242, 251, 252, 310; 
 Maine, 217, 229, 230; Maryland, 
 217; Massachusetts, 214, 227, 
 233, 244; Missouri, 224, 225; Ne- 
 vada, 223; New England, 270, 
 272, 288, 335; Northwest, 240, 
 292, 299; Northwest and South- 
 west, 248, 298; Ohio, 215, 223, 
 228, 247, 316; Pacific Coast, 222, 
 233, 243, 256; Pennsylvania, 213, 
 218, 220, 239, 317; Virginia, 217; 
 Wisconsin, 224, 225, 316 
 
 Of the world, 242, 254, 277, 285, 
 286, 290, 308, 309, 312 
 
 Amateur — First national cham- 
 pionship, 257, 258; A. A. XL's, 
 279, 280, 281. 283, 286, 287; N. A. 
 A. B. P.'s, 281, 283, 286, 289, 294, 
 300, 304, 305, 307, 308, 316, 317; 
 French championship of world, 
 297, 301, 302 and 308 at 14.2, 
 and 302 and 317 at 18.2; cham- 
 pionship of France and Bel- 
 gium (18.2), 291; Knickerbock- 
 er A. C.'s, N. Y. City, 278, 
 283 (also see A. A. U.'s); Han- 
 over Club of Brooklyn and 
 German Liederkranz Society of 
 Manhattan (see N. A. A. B. 
 P.'s tournaments); Interclub, 
 Philadelphia, 290, 291, 295, 301, 
 306, 312; New Orleans, 242; Il- 
 linois, 275, 299; Chicago, 227, 
 299, 300; Cook County, 111., 282; 
 St. Paul and Minneapolis, 287, 
 291, 296, 299, 300; Long Island, 
 233, 245; Billiard Club, N. Y. 
 City, 295, 332; N. Y. A. C, 290, 
 313; Boston, 298, 313; Crescent 
 A. C, Brooklyn, 306, 315; Mas- 
 sachusetts, 314, 315, 316; Mus- 
 sey's Challenge Trophy, Chi- 
 cago, 323; Pacific Coast, 323; 
 three-cushions, 330, 335-6 
 
INDEX. 
 
 375 
 
 NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 
 
 Bookmakers' handicaps, N. Y. 
 
 City, 324 
 Boston, 274, 295, 305, 307, 314, 326 
 Brooklyn, 248, 257, 258, 259, 272, 
 
 292, 295, 302, 305, 306, 308, 315 
 Canada — Toronto, 284 
 Chicago, 263, 271, 275, 276, 277, 
 
 280, 281, 285, 288, 289, 293, 296, 
 
 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 306, 
 
 309, 310, 311, 314 
 Cincinnati, 274 
 Los Angeles, Cal., 315, 333 
 New Orleans, 253, 262, 283, 285 
 California handicap, 315 
 
 New York City, 209, 249, 251, 252, 
 267, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 279, 
 282, 284, 285, 293, 295, 296, 297, 
 298, 299, 300, 303, 304, 305, 306, 
 307, 308, 310, 311, 319, 322, 323 
 
 Philadelphia, 250, 275, 301, 306. 
 307 
 
 Pittsburg, 291, 293 
 
 Portland, Ore., 304 
 
 San Francisco, 251, 266, 288, 289, 
 292, 297, 304, 332 
 
 Saratoga, 318 
 
 St. Louis, 253, 256, 312, 329, 331 
 
 Trenton, N. J., 307, 314 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS CONTESTS. 
 
 Amateur sixteen-hour, 214 
 Amateurs desperately end ties, 
 
 282 
 Amateur international, 257, 296 
 Balkline played by telegraph, 284 
 Best performances — Four-ball, 
 235, 236; Three-ball, 260; Cham- 
 pion's Game, 263; Balkline, 310; 
 311; Cushion Caroms, 327-8; 
 Amateurs', 337 
 Cushion Caroms, last profes- 
 sional tournament at, 326 
 
 Experts' Game, 231 
 Handicapping by games (14.2 vs. 
 
 8.2), 270 
 Irregular Billiards, 338 
 Ives vs. Roberts, 338 
 Kerkau vs. Trebar, 338 
 One cue-ball, 330 
 Revival of 8.2 Balkline, 283 
 Roberts vs. De Oro, 338 
 Space Game, 265, 266 
 Two styles of game in one 
 
 night, 229, 338 
 
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