Class frV / 4 5 Book , 1 10 COPYRIGHT DKPOSJT. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/synopsisofchessoOOcook SYNOPSIS CHESS OPENINGS, A TABULAR ANALYSIS, BY y/ WILLIAM COOK, A Member of the Birmingham Chess Club. AMERICAN INVENTIONS IN THE CHESS OPENINGS FRESH ANALYSIS SINCE 1S82. J. W.' MILLER, Of the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. CINCINNATI: ROBERT CLARKE & CO. 1S84 OCT 9 1004* Gfl//45i Copyright, 1884, By ROBERT CLARKE & CO. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. The Author of the Synopsis has again the. satisfaction to learn that the demand for the last Edition has heen ex- haustive. The Second Edition was issued in 1876, and even during the short space of five years many important discoveries and improved methods of conducting the attack and the defense have been published, and upon reviewing the examples so many imperfections were apparent, and cor- rections necessary, that the Author saw the necessity of producing an entirely new book. The means at his disposal were adequate to the task, but the preparation of the Tables was a laborious undertak- ing, which would considerably delay the publication of a book for which there is still a demand. The author consulted a few leading members of the Birmingham Club, and they recommended that several proficients should be corresponded with to invite their assistance, but this project met with but little encourage- ment. A few amateurs, however, undertook the task, for which the writer wishes publicly to express his obligations. To Messrs. A. and M. Michael, Wildman, and Bridg- water, of the Birmingham Club; Mr. Thomas Bourn, of Clevedon ; Rev. Hewan Archdall, of Newcastle-on-Tyne; Mr. Freeborough, of Hull ; and Rev. C. E. Ranken, of Mal- vern, for material assistance in the compilation of the Tables, original variations in the openings, and help in the examination of proof. Inasmuch as the book does not lay claim to originality, the acknowledgment of the sources from which the varia- tions have been collected is perhaps unnecessary; but it should be mentioned that the last Edition of the "Iland- buch des Schachspiels," Mr. Gossip's " Theory of the Open- (3) 4 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. ings," and Mr. Wayte's able reviews of these works, together with the excellent Chess column of the Field and other papers, the New Chess Monthly, and the well-known Chess Player's Chronicle, have been indispensable to the production of the book. •The Author has endeavored to present variations that have occurred in actual play to meet the objection of some who assume that bat few of the positions given in theory occur in practice. This has been especially adopted in the Irregular Openings, which are illustrated entirely from published games. It has been necessary to considerably enlarge the present Edition, but a comparison with the Second Edition, which contained but eighty-two pages, will explain the slight in- crease in the price of the book. The Authoj? has again to express his regret at the delay in the publication of this Edition, which demanded an inser- tion of a brief Appendix, to introduce a few new variations, and would especially call the attention of the student to the Paulsen attack in the Scotch, which has attained such popularity within the last two years. Birmingham, January, 1882. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION "'Tho' few are born with talents to excel, Yet all may learn the art of doing well." In presenting to the Public an addition to the already large literature of Chess, the writer hopes that his little volume will supply a need so often felt and expressed by young players: — An Analysis of tin 1 class Openings, re- corded in a simple form. It is now generally admitted that some knowledge of the authorized Openings is absolutely indispensable to those who would attain to any degree of proficiency in the •' Art of Che-s Playing." Members of a Chess club, or tho-re who are in the habit of meeting strong opponents, require no proof, beyond their own experience to convince them of the truth of this assertion. Unfortunately, in many of the excellent treatises where this branch of Chess playing has received special and separate attention, it has not been treated with sufficient clearness of expression and illustration to render much assistance to the young student; the endless games and variations have only tended to perplex and discourage him when seeking the knowledge he so ardently desire-. The popular idea of the abstruseness of Chess has not been dispelled by the many "explanatory'' book-;, and the great difficulty hitherto has been to find out, in theoretical treatises, the moves that occur to the student in actual play. To overcome this objection, instead of being presented in the usual dialogue form, the moves are here given on Tables, the White being placed above the line, and the Black below; thus the principal variations of any particular Opening can be seen at a glance, with the advantage or disadvan- tage of the line of play pursued indicated at foot. The tabulated form em- ployed has never previously been used by any English compiler (for com- pilation, rather than authorship, is demanded from those who now publish on Che-s), but its advantages, when displayed in the famous '■ Ilandbuch des dchachspiels" and "Alexandre's Encyclopaedia," are so obvious, that there is no reason why the system should not be transferred to the pages of an English publication. Few players understand thoroughly even the synoptical moves of the Openings. Preliminary chapters are devoted expressly to teaching the moves that distinguish the various debuts, and from which they take their classifica- tion and nomenclature. The writer expresses his obligations to the " Hai. ich des Schachspiels," 1874; " Westminster Papers," " Quarterly Chronicle," Mr. Wormald's " Chess Openings," and other excellent treatises. He has taken it for granted that the reader is acquainted with the pre- liminary details of the moves of the pieces and rules or the game; the space at his command beiiiEC limited, his object has rather been to assist those who, having some knowledge of the game, seek to extend it iy their leisure hours. It is in such hours that this book has been compiled, and in striving for the simplicity which has been his aim, the writer trusts that nothing material has been sacrificed, while difficulties have been removed. The writer lays no claim to originality; his object has been to represent, in a simple form, the result of modern analysis in its leading features. The advanced student of theory must not expect to find this work exhaustive; its scope would not permit of such an attempt. The compiler trusts, however, that the learner will find most of the information of which hestands in need, and that the advanced proficient may find it useful to have for ready refer- ence a tabular statement of the various Openings, at a price within the reach of the Chess-playing public. In conclusion, his thanks are due to Thomas Bourn, Esq., and J. I. Minchin, Esq.. both of Clifton, for their invaluable assistance, so cheerfully rendered, in correcting errors and suggesting improvements for the first tabulated Ches« book printed in the English language Clifton, October, 1874. (-5) INDEX. BOOK I.— KING'S KNIGHT'S OPENING. INTRODUCTION P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-K4 P-Q4 P-KB4 P-Q3 Kt-QB3 B-QKt5 P-Q4 P-QB3 B-B4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 K t-QB3 B-B4or&c. Kt-KB3 P-QB3 or &c. P-QKt4 B x KtP B-Kt3 or &c. PAGE . . . . ' .... 10 QP Counter Gam- bit .... .... 12 Greco Counter Gambit .... 12 Petroff's Defense 15 Philidor's Defense 20 Ruy Lopez 24 Scotch Gambit . . 30 Queen's Bishop's Pawn Game ... 38 Two Knights' De- fense 42 Giuoco Piano . . Evans Gambit . . Evans Declined Three Knights' Game 73 Four Knights' Game 69 BOOK II.— KINGS BISHOP'S OPENING. INTRODUCTION P-K4 9 B-QD4 B-B4 P-KB4 King's Knight's Defense Two Bishop's Opening The Calabrois Counter Gambit QBP Defense BOOK 111.— KING'S GAMBITS. INTRODUCTION I'-Kl V x P P-K4 P-KRl P-K4 B-QB4 „ Kt-KB3 . B-QB4 3 „ T ,,,,. t , 4 PAGK 81 King's Bishop's Gambit ... 82 P-KIU4 3 B-Kt 4 B-K2 " P-Q4or&c. King's Knight's Gambit .... 88 P-KKto P-Kt"» Kt-K.5 O-Oor&c. Salvio Gambit ... 93 MuziQ Gambit . . 96 Kieseritzky Gambit 100 Allgaier Gambit [06 Cunningham Gam- bit 109 Gambit declined BOOK IV.— MISCELLANEOUS OPENINGS. 115 Center Gambit . ... lit; Danish Gambit . ... 117 Vienna Opening 118 INTRODUCTION P-K4 P-Q4 1 P-K4 l Px P Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3or«&c. p-qr:; BOOK V.— SEMI-IRREGULAR OPENINGS. NTRODUCTION P-Kl P-K3 P-Q4 P-QB4 P-(jKt3 P-KKt3 120 121 French Opening Center Counter Gambit .... 123 Sicilian ( (pening 124 FianchettodiDonnal26 Fianchetto di Ri 126 BOOK VI.— IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 127 EXPLANATION OF NOTATION AND TABLE OF A] BREVIATIONS. "xovia QR8 bsj;>it> QKt8 bsgt) QB8 bsft Q8 bs3 K8 KB8 bsi>ui KKt8 bsaj[ KR8 EHt> QR7 2136 QKt7 cat) QB7 Sb . Q7 S3 K7 £33 KB7 S133 KKt7 633 KR7 SHt) QR6 S13t> ' QKtG sat) QB6 8b Q6 82 K6 sa3 KB6 8133 KKt6 833 KR6 fat) QS.5 f!3t> QKt5 QB5 ft) Q5 f3 K5 fas KB5 mix KKt5 f33 KR5 eat> Q.R4 S13t> QKt-1 sab QB4 St) Q4 S3 K4 eas KB4 S133 KKt4 eax KR4 9Ht> QR3 913t> QKt3 9at> QB3 9t) Q3 93 K3 933 EB3 91X51 KKt3 9a 3 KR3 £3t> QR2 ii3t> QKt2 zat> QB2 it) Q2 i3 K2 za3 KB2 £133 KKt2 £33 KR2 8Ht> QRsq 813t) QKtsq sat) QBsq St) Qsq S3* Ksq 833 KBsq 8133 KKtsq 833 KRsq white, PLAN OF THE WORK. The tables are so arranged that each column contains the moves of a sin- gle variation. The moves are expressed as fractions; the move of the first player, whom we invariably call White, being above the line, and the move of the second player, Black, below. The notation is the most concise English method in use at present, and will be easily understood by the reader. ABBREVIATIONS. K stands for King and King's ch stands for check Q " " Queen or Queen's R " " Eook or Hook's B " " Bishop or Bishop's Kt " " Knight or Knight's P " " Pawn or Pawn's O-O " " Castles on King's side O-O-O" « « « Queen's side " " superior position or game (if above the. line for White, if be- low the line for Black). dis ch ' " discovering check sq ' " square x ' " takes en pas ' " en passant i " even game' i < " best move ? i " weak move ■f winning game for White. + won game for Black. The figures at the top of the tables are the numbers of the columns, in- serted for reference. The numbers in the margin indicate the order in which the moves are to be played. 10 BOOK I. KING'S KNIGHT'S OPENING. The King's Knight's Opening is produced when, after each player has moved 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, the first player brings out his Kt-KB3 on the second move. This method of framing an attack is to he recommended, as it prolongs the temporary advantage of the first move more than any other opening. On this account some theorists have advised Black to adopt one of the close de- fenses 1 P-K3 or 1 P-QB4, thereby evading the Knight's game, but it is doubtful whether these lines of play are satisfactory; moreover, daily prac- tice proves that the strength of the K Knight's attack has been somewhat overrated, for should Black conduct the defense with accuracy, it must re- sult in an equality of position. The correct defense has always been a vexed question; in the earliest writings we have on Chess, the old Latin manuscripts at Gottingen (1490), and Lucena's treatise (1497), we meet with the three defenses 2 P-Q3, 2 Kt-KB3, 2 Kt-QB3, but neither expresses an opinion as to their comparative merits. Damiano (1512) notices only the latter, which Lopez (1561) de- clared to be unsatisfactory, on the ground that White might play 3 B-Kt5 with advantage, and recommended instead the P-Q3 defense. This view was also taken by Greco (1619), who ineffectually endeavored to substitute his favorite counter gambit 2 P-KB4. Gianutio (1597), followed by the Italian School, pronounced in favor of 2 Kt-QB3, and a reaction set in, which resulted in the adoption of the Queen's Knight's Defense for nearly two centuries. In the middle of the eighteenth century Philidor published his "Analyse des Echecs," and once more asserted the claims of 2 P-Q3, but upon a different principle than that of his predecessors. His opinion was founded on the belief that Black, by playing a certain counter gambit on the third move, could establish his Pawns in the center of the board ; and he even declared "that White, by playing out the King's Knight on the second move, not only loses the attack, but gives it to the adversary." In his sub- sequent editions, he considerably modified this statement, and admitted that White could break up the center Pawns with advantage. The Italian de- fense has been the favorite move until the present day, with the exception of an attempt made by the Russian school to popularize the counter attack 2 Kt-KB3 previously noticed by the anonymous writer of the Gottingen manuscripts. We think the game may be defended in either of the three ways mentioned, but every modern writer must give the preference to 2 Kt-QB3, which is KING'S KNIGHT'S OPENING. 11 productive of the most interesting positions. It is also favorable to the reg- ular development of Black's pieces, yet it yields "White the advantage of a selection of powerful attacks, and for that reason lequires much knowledge of the game. The defense 2 P-Q3 appears more simple, but it shuts in Black's King's Bishop, and the game can only be opened slowly. The coun- ter move 2 Kt-K B3 leads to an even game, but it does not answer ail the re- quirements, inasmuch as White's attack is not neutralized. We shall pass over, as unworthy of notice, the defenses 2 P-KB3, 2 Q-B3, and 2 B-Q3. The first, 2 P-KB3, only apparently protects Black's Pawn, as White may capture it with his Knight, and should Black play 3 P x Kt, White gains a decisive advantage by 4 Q-R5ch. 2 B-Q3 can not be favor- able for Black, as it seriously prevents the development of the pieces; for the same reason 2 Q-B3 is weak play, and it is not prudent to play the Queen so early in the game. The first section will be devoted to the counter gam- bits 2 P-KB4, and 2 P-Q4; section 2 to the counter attack 2 Kt-KB3; sec- tion 3 to the defense of 2 P-Q3; and sections 4 to 8 to the various openings arising from the defense 2 Kt-QB3. W T HITE. BLACK. 1 P-K4 1 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 Black has five replies— three counter attacks, and two defenses. First Counter Attack 2 P-Q4=Queen's Pawn. Second Counter Attack 2 P-KB4=Greeo's. Third Counter Attack 2 Kt-KB3=Petroffs. First Defense 2 P-Q3=Philidor's. Second Defense 2 Kt-QB3. From Black's Second Defense, several openings arise. White can play — 3 B-Kt5. — Buy Lopez. 3 P-Q4.— Scotch Gambit. 3 P-B3. — Queen's Bishop's Pawn Game. 3 B-B4.— If Black reply 3 Kt-B3.— Two Knight's Defense. And if 3 B-B4.— Giuoco Piano. 3 Kt-B3.— If Black reply 3 Kt B3.— Four Knights' Game. If B-B4 or P-KKt3 or etc.— Three Knights' Game. 12 SECTION I. THE COUNTER GAMBITS IN THE KING'S KNIGHT'S GAME. (1) The Greco Counter Gambit. P-K4 9 Kt-KB3 FK4 j P-KB4 This defense is considered unsound, as by 8 Kt x P White obtains a superior position. Although as a defense the "Greco" is perhaps unsuited for match play, yet as some of its variations give rise to interesting and intricate maneuver- ing, it must continue to be a favorite opening with those who wish to avoid dull games; and an instructive one to the young student. i (2) The Queen's Pawn Counter Gambit. P-K4 „ Kt-KB3 P-K4 - 1 P-Q4 This also is a weak defense; "White- by playing 3 P x P obtains at once a slight advantage. Table I.— GRECO'S COUNTER GAMBIT. 13 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 P-K4 P-K4 - Kt-KB3 KtxP! 1 Q-B3 P-Q4 P-Q3 Kt-B4 PxP Kt-B3 P-B3 Kt x KP Q-K3 Q-K2 KtrXB3? B-B4 PxP Kt-B7 Q-K2 Kt x Pv P-Q4 B-K2 ! P-KK13 P-Q3 + P-Q4 QKt-QGch2 K^Q2"3~" Kt-B7 f KtQB3 Q-R5ch 4 P-KKt3 _ Kt x KtP Kt^B3 Q-R3 R-KKtsq Kt x B QTK2 - Kt x RP Kt x P Q-K3 P-Q4 P-Q3 P-B5 Qx BP KtQ5 K-Qsq Ex P B xR Q-R4 R-KKtsq P-K5 KtxP Kt x Kt Q-K2 K-Q*q ! Q xKt P-Q4 Q-K3 B-QB 4 Q x Kt B^Kl R-Ksq Kt xB E-Kt5 Q-R6 R x KPch K-Qsq Kt-KKt5 Q-R5ch Kx Kt Q x BPc h K-Kt2 PQKt3 P-Q4 B-Kt2ch Q-K2? Q-R5ch P-KKt3 Kt x KtP Q x Pch B-K2 Kt-KB3 Q-R3 PxKt QxR QxKtP R-Bsq + B-Kt5ch — Q-B2 5 P-Q5 6 1 If 3 PxP Black s?ets a prood ?ame bv 3 P-Q3, 4 P-Q4 4 P-K5, 5 Kt-Kt5! 5 B x P, 6 Q-K2 6 P-Q4," 7 Q-tvtoch 7 Kt-B3, 8 Q x KtP 8 KtxP 9 B-Kt5eh 9 Kt x B. V 3 B-B4 :> P-Q3, and the game is resolved into the Lopez Counter Gambit. See page 23. 2 Or 9 KKt-Q6eh 9 K-Qsq, 10 Kt-KKt5 10 Qx Qch. 11 B x Q 11 B xKt, 12 Kt-B7ch 12 K-K2, 13 Ktx R 13 B-K3, 14 B-Q:: 14 Kt-B3, 15 B-KKto 15 QKt-Q2, 16 Kt-Kt6ch 16 P x Kt, 17 B x P, and White has the best of the game. 3 If 9 K-Qsq White wins by 10 Kt x Pch 10 K-B2, 11 Q x Q 11 B x Q 12 KKt-B.5, saving both the Knights, with two Pawns ahead. 4 Mr. Gossip recommends 4 Kt x Kt, then 4 QP x Kt 5 P-K5. If 4 P-Q4 4 Kt-B3! 5 Kt x Kt 5 QP x Kt, G P-K5, 6 Kt-K5, 7 B-QB4 7 P-B4, 8 P-Q5 8 P-B3, 9 0-0 + . 5 Continued 14 B-Kt5 14 Q-IUch, 15 P-B3, 15 QxB, 16 Rx Bch 16 K-Qsq, 17 QxQ 17 R x Q =. 6 11 Q-B3 14 Q-R5, 15 P-Kt3 15 QKt-K4!, 16 Q-IU2 16 Q-R3, 17 P-KB4 17 B-B4+. 14 Table II.- QUEEN'S PAWN COUNTER GAMBIT. 1 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 PxP! Kt-xP? P-K5 Q x P B-Q3 2 P x P 3 Q-K2 Kt-B3 P-Q4! P-Q4 B-B4? Q-K2 Q-K3 Q-K4 P-K5 B-K3 Q-Kt4 KtQ4 B-Kt5chlBB4 Kt-K5 B-QB4 Kt x P Kt-KB3 B-Q2 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 BxB Q x JUP Kt-QB3 O-O 0-0 B-QB4 Kt x B K-Bsq Q-K4 ~~ P-QR3 B-KKto 0-0 _ P-KB4 B-KKt5 Kt-B3 B x Bch P-KR3 0-0 + 00 — P-KB3 Q-K2 KtxB B-R4 Kt-KB3 — BxP Kt-.KKt5+ P-Q4 P-E3 + R-B2 0-0-0 Q-Kt8ch E-Ksq + R-Bsq Q-Kt5 -f 1 The following variation occurred in a match game between Mr. Wisker and Mr. Bird :— 5 P-QKt3? 5 Kt-QB3, 6 B-B4 6 Q-Kt3, 7 Q-K2 7 B-Q3, 8 P-Q4 8 B-KKt5. See "City of London Magazine," Vol. I, p. 13. 2 Mr. Wormald considers this move preferable to 3 P-K5 or 3 Q x P. 3 If 3 B-Q3, 4 P-Q4 4 P x P, 5 B-QB4 5 B x Kt, G Q-R5 6 Q-K2!, 7 P x B, etc. 15 SECTION II. M. PETROFFS COUNTER ATTACK. P-K4 9 Kt-KB8 1 P-K4 L Kt-KB3 This counter attack, styled by Major Jaeniscb, in his " Analyse Nouvelle," the two Kings' Knights' game, is first found in the Gottingen MSS.; nearly all subsequent writers have analyzed it, but in a style wholly unworthy of its merits. It was revived by M. Petroff, the lion of Kussian Chess. In "La Palamede" for 184*2, Jaeniscb presented a searching analysis, and supposed it to be the best counter move to the King's Knight's attack. Soon after' this move was considered unsound, in consequence of the unfavorable ter- mination of a correspondence game played between the clubs of Pesth and Paris at this opening. Modern theorists consider the Petroff's counter at- tack fails to neutralize the advantage of first move. White has four lines of attack : — Columns. First 3 Kt x P 3 P-Q3 best 4 Kt-KB3 ! 1- 9 4KtxP? 13-14 3 Kt x P? 10-12 Second 3 B-B4 19-24 Third 3 Kt-B3 See Three Knights' Game. Fourth 3P-Q4 17-18 16 Table III.— Petroflf's Counter Attack, or Russian Defense. 10 11 12. t 13 14 l P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-KB3 KtxP! P=Q3 Kt-KB3 KtxP P-Q4 P-Q4 B-Q3 Kt-QB3! 0-0 B-K2 P-B4 K-Ksq O B-KKt5 1 • B-K3 " Kt-B3 5 Kt-Q3 Kt-B3 2 PxP P-KR3 P-B3 9 Kt x Kt ■ BxP " B-K3 0-0 PxKt B-K3 Q-Kt3 B-KB4 Kt-B3 5 P-KK3 B-K3 Q-Kt3 PxP BxBP6 BxB QxB — 0-0 PxP O-O " PxP B-K3 7 K-Ktsq + BxBP B-K4! Kt-B3 B x BP6 QKt-Q2 0-0 " Cpp P-B4 3 BxB B - B3 B-QKt5 Q-K2 Kt x B QxB — Kt-K5 Q^Ql 04) QxKt 0-0 — Kt-K2 P-B4 QxP B-B2 QKt-B3— Q-KB4 BxKt K-Ksq P " B3 — B x Kt — BxB BKt3 PxB — Kt-Qsq Q-Q3 15 P-QR4 + P-Q5 — Kt-Pv4— 4 1 Major Jaenisch recommended this as the best move in this position. 2 Mr. Gossip, in "Theory of the Chess Openings," gives 9 B-K2 as best. 3 Or 11 Kt x Kt, 12 P x Kt 12 P-B4, 13 B-KB-t 13 B-Q3, etc. 4 These moves are from a game between Herr Lowenthal and Mr. Morphy. 5 Von Heydebrand der Lasa prefers this move to 8 B-KKt5, or 8 B-K3. 6 11 Qx KtP is verv inferior, e. g. 11 Q x KtP 11 B-Q4, 12 B x BP 12 Kt-QB.4, 13 B-QKt5ch 13 P-B3+. 7 In a correspondence game between Cambridge and Dublin, the following moves occured:— 10 B-B3, 11 QKt-Q2 11 Kt-K2 12 B-K5 12 Kt-Kt3, 13 Q-B2+. Table IV.— Petroflf's Counter Attack, or Russian Defense. 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 F-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP? Q-K2 Kt x P Q-K2 P-Q4 Q x Kt P-Q4 P-Q3 B-Q3 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-QB4? Kt-Q3 5 P-KB3 O-O P.B4 B-KB4 P-KB4 O-O P-B4 4 B-K3 Kt-Q2! P-B4 0-0 P-B3 Kt-QB3 B-K3 PxBP B-K2 QP x Kt BP x Kt q Q-B2! 1 BxP Q-Kt3 Kt-Q5 BP x P P-KB4?2 Kt-QB3 10 Q-Kt3 P-Q5 PxP Kt-K4 11 Q x KtP Kt-B3 P-B3 Kt x B P-QKt3 Q-Q3 PxP O-O QPxP Kt-Q5 O-O PxP Kt-K B3 QKt-Q2 PxP B-Kt5ch Kt-Q2 Q-QB3 P-B3 K-Qsq 6 KR-Ksq — B-QKto Kt x Ktch KtxFt! P-QB4 — Q-KKt3 PxKt PxK. QxQ BxPch PxP -j i) BxKt _ Q-R4ch PxB B-Q2 -jo Kt-Kt5 Q x Kt + B-KB4 " PxQ ~ K-Qsq P7~P~~ -^ Kt-QB3+3 KtxPch -f B-Q2+ _ B-Q2+ 1 9 Q-Kt3, Major Jaenisch's move, not so good as the move in the text. 2 9 Kt-KB3!— equalizes the g£me, for if 10 Q-Kt3 10 Kt-QB3. 3 These moves are from a game by correspondence between Pesth and Paris. 4 If 7Kt-QB3or7PxQP, 8 0-0, etc. 5 If G Kt-KB3, 7 0-0 7 B-K2, 8 P-B4 8 0-0=. 6 If 11 B-Q2, 12 Kt x Ktch 12 PxKt, 13 Q x KtP 13 R-Qsq, 14 0-0 11 P x P, 15 B-KKt5+. 2 18 Table V.— Petroff's Counter Attack, or Russian Defense. r 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 P-K4 14 15 16 P-K4 Kt-KP>3 Kt-KB3 KtxP P-Q3 Kt x P? 1 K x Kt B-B4ch 2 P-Q4! B-Kt3 3 B-K3 4 Kt-B3 PxP B x Ben KxB KtxP KtxKt Q-Kt4ch K-B2 QxKt Q-K2 + B-K3 B xBch KxB P-Q4 K-B2 Kt-B3 B-K2 B-K3 Pv-Ksq + Q-K2? P-Q4 P-Q3 Kt-KB3 QxPch B-K2 B-KB4 P-B4 B-K2 0-0 O-O Kt-B3+ Kt-KB3 QxPch B-K2 B-QB4 0-0 OA) P-Q4 B-Kt3 P-B4 P-B3 Kt-B3 Q-K2 B-KKt5+ 17 P-Q4 5 KtxP! B-Q3 P-Q4 PxP Kt-QB3 0-0 B-QB4 P-B4 - B-K3 - 18 PxP? P-K5 Kt-K5 Q-K2 B-Kt5ch K-Qgq P-Q4 P x Pen pas P-KB4 PxP QxP KtxP+ 1 Mr. Cochrane's attack, considered unsound. 2 Mr. Thorold has introduced a pleasing variation in the attack by 5 P-Q4. 3 6 P x P would give White three Pawns for his piece. 4 6 B-KKto, 7 P-KB3 7 B-E3 is considered by Mr. Wormald more forcible than the move in the text. 5 Petroff's variation considered weak play. Table VI.— Petroff s Counter Attack, or Russian Defense. 19 1 19 20 21 22 23 24 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-K 133 o B-B4 1 KtxP! 2 Kt-QB3 Q- K2 KtxP K77KT^Kt-QB3 P-Q4 P-Q4 _ P-Q4 ! QPxKt BxPch BxP KtxP Q-K2 B-Kt3 U P-K1JS3 Kxli Kt-KBS B-QB4 B-B4! Q-Kt4! ft 0-0 Kt x Kt B-Kt3 P-Q3 P-Q3 0-0 b QhK2 P-Ql B^Q3~ "PTUl B x Pch Q x Kt r Kt-E4 4 KKt-Kt5ch? P-Q3 Q x Kt _ K-Q«q R-Ksq 5 ' P-Q3 ? a K-Ksq O-U _ O-O ~ B-Kt3 B-QB4 £ Q-R5ch Q-R5ch P-KR3 QxP B-Kt3 Q-K2 8 K-Qsq P-Kt3 P-KR3 Q7K2 q^2. B-KKt5 Q P-B4 Q-B3 B-K3 P-KB4 BxP QxB B-K3 B-KB4-+- Kt-B3 Kt-QB3 Q x Kt B x Pch irvBxB Q-Q'2 -Q-K4 QxKt— K-Bsq QxB Kt-QR4 — R-Ksq ! Q x Q — B x K 11 PxP K-Qsq Q -B8ch 1 L QPxP Q-R5 KJK2 - -j Q B-K3+ Kt-Q2 Q x R 13 Q-R4ch Kt-Kt6eh + QKt-B3 — B-KKt5 — 1 This variation also arises in the King's Bishop's Opening by 1 P-K4 1 P-K4 2 B-Bl 2 KtK-B3 3 Kt-KB3, where it is more fully analyzed. 2 3 Kt-B3 would resolve the game into the "Two Knights' Defense." 3 If 5 P-Q3, G KtxP+ or 6 Kt-Kt5+ 4 For 7 R-Ksq see KB opening, page 7G, Col. 2-5. 5 If 7 P-Q3 7 B-Q3, S P-KKt3 8 Kt-Kt4, etc. A 7 P-KKt3 is the best move. See the King's Bishop's opening, page 76. 20 SECTION III. PHILIDOE'S DEFENSE. P-K4 IMT4 Kt-KB3 P^Q3 The Philidoriaii defense to the KKt game, as observed before, was first noticed in the Gottingen MSS. Philidor, the celebrated French player, popularized and remodeled it. Several interesting games, played by his contemporaries, Messrs. Attwood and Wilson, illustrative of this opening, as played then, may be found in Walker's Chess Studies, a work containing the immense number of one thousand games, played previous to the year 1844. It is generally considered a safe defense, but productive of a cramped position for the second player. White can play 3 P-Q4 best, or 3 B-B4. First,- — 3 P-Q4. Black has five defenses. 3PxP best Col. 1- 8 3 Kt-KB3 " 9-10 3 B-Kt5 " 11 8Kt-Q2 " 12 3 P-KB4 " 13-16 Second.— 3 B-B4. Black has three defenses. 3B-K2! Col. 17 3 P-QB3 Note. 16 3P-KB4 Col. 18 Table VII— PHILIDOR'S DEFENSE. 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 P-Q4 PxP Q xP KtxP B-Q2 Kt-QB3 FQ4 Kt-Kli3 B-QB4 B-KKt5 B-K B4 2 B- QKt5 P x P 4 Kt QB3 Kt-QB3 Kt-QB3 1 Kt-QB3 IRj2 " Q~x~P B-K2! Q-K3 B x Q Q-Q2 B x Kt Q-K2ch B-Q3 I5-K2 KtxQ Kt-B3 BxB B-K2 O-O Q-QKt3+ KtxKt B-Q3 B-Kt5 Kt-Kt5 O-O KxB B-K2 Kt-B3 3 Kt-QR3 P-B4 B-B4 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 QKt-B3 KKt-K2 Kt-K3 O-U B-K2 Q-Qsq Q-Kt3 Kt-QB3 O-Q-0 + 0-0-0 B B4 _ K-Rsq ! B-K2 O-O ~ Kt-B3 Kt-B3 Kt-Q-5 KR-Ksq — R-Qsq P-KB4 + R-Ksq Kt-Q2 — B-Q2 0-0 — Q-K5 P-B3 — 0-0 Kt x BP Kt x Kt 5 1 If 5 P-KB3, G B-R4 6Kt-B3, 7 Q-Q'2 7 KKt-K2, 8 Kt-B3 8 Kt-Kt3, 9 B-B4+. 2 5 B-K3 results in a similar position. 3 7 P-B3 is inferior; 8 B-R4 8 Kt-R3, 9 Kt-B3 9 Q-Q2, 10 0-0-0 10 B-K2, 11 KR-Ksq, with a good opening. 4 This move, the invention of Herr Paulsen, the "Handbuch" considers far superior to 5 P-K5. 5 Continued 13 Q x Kt 13 Q a Q, UBxQ 11 KR-Ksq, 15 B-K2 15 B-QKt5=. 6 Morphy and Riviere recommend 7 P-KB4 7 B-KKt-3, 8 Kt-KB3 8 P-QB3, 9 P-KR3+. 22 Tablc VIII. — PHILIBOR'S : DEFENSE. 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 PxP KtKB38 B-Kt5 ? Kt-Q2 4 B-QB4 Kt-K133 Kt-B3! PxP PxP 9 PxP B-QB4 11 B-K2 KtxP BxKt Kt-Kt3 5 Kt-Kt5 B-K3 B-QB3 P-Q6 QxP B-K2 B-QB4 P-QB3 QxB B-K13 PxP PxP 6 BxB PxB Q-Kt3 B-K3 O-O 0-0 P-Q4 B-QB4 QxP B-K3 Q-Q2! 10 B-K3 7 KtxP BxB 0-0-0 B-Q3 Q-QK13 Kt-B3 Q-K2 PxB Kt-B3 Kt-B4 P-QB3 Kt-K2 8 KtxQP QxPch QxKtP Q-Q2 P-QR8 B-K3 - P-QB4 B-K3 Kt-Q2 B-Kt5 — B-Q3 Kt-B3 9 Q-K2 - Q x Qch- - Q-Kt5 - KKt-B3 B-Q3 + 0-0 + Q-Q3 — KtK4 — 10 Kt-KKt5 R-QKtsq 11 Q-K4 O-O 12 Kt x KP 7 Continued from a game Morphy-Barnes: 13 Kt x Kt 13 P x Kt, 14 Q-B4ch 14 K-Rsq, . 15 0-0+. ' 8 In the "Chess World," 1869, p. 69, Jaenisch advocated this as Black's best move; the " Handbuch " declares it to be inferior to 3 P x P. 9 Or, 4 B-KKt5! 4PxP!5QxP5 B-K2, 6 Kt-B3 6 00, 7 0-0-0 V Kt-B3=. 10 If 6 Q-B3, 7 Q-QKt3, followed by 8 Kt-QB3+, or if 6 Kt-KB3, 7 Q-QKt3 wins a Pawn. 11 Herr Steinitz recommends 4 P-QB3. Table IX.— PHILIDOR'S DEFENSE. 23 13 14 15 16 17 18 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-K B3 P-Q3 P-Q4 B-B4 Mbi B-K2! 16 P-KB4 Kt B8!12 PxKP P-Q4 P-Ql PxQP Kt-KB3 PxKPl3BPxP PxP Kt-QB3 Q x P P x KP QKtxP Kt-Kt5 KtxP Kt-Kt5!17 PxP ~ KtxP P-Q4 P-Q4 Kt-KB3 Kt-KPv3 a B-KKt5 KtxKt KtxP P-K6 Kt-QB3 P-Q5 " Kt-K B 3 PxKt PxKt B-QB4 14 O-O Kt-K2 „ Kt x P Kt-Kt5 Q-K5ch Kt x KP— 15 O-O Kt-QB3 B-K2 P-Q4 P-KKt3 B-K2— KtxP P-B3 B-QB4 P-K6 KtxP KtxKt P-B4 Kt-B3 B-B4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 PxQP Q-K3 Kt x KP + Q-Koeh-f BxP P x QP Kt-QR4 QxB P-Ko -, r, B-Kt5eh Kt-QB3 B-Ktoch K-B2 Q-Qsq P-Q2 -. -j B x Kt 4- B-B4 — Kt-Kfi+ Kt-R3 — 12 Ilerr Zukertort's attack, now generally preferred to the old attack 4Px KP. 13 Or 1 Kt QR3, 5 B-QKt5 5 P x KP, 6 QKt x P 6 P-Q4, 7 Kt x P 7 P x Kt, 8 Kt x Kt 8 PxKt, 9 Bx Pch+. 14 If 6 Kt-KR3. 7 Kt-QB3 7 P-B3, 8 KKtxKP 8 PxKt, 9 Q-R5ch 9 P-KKt3, 10 Q-Ko 10 R-Kt.sq, 11 B-KKt5, This move decides the game in White's favor. If Biac. now plav 11 B-Q3 of 11 Q-Q3, White wins bv 12 R-Qsq. If 11 Q-KtS, 12 O-O-O 12 Kt-Kt:., 13 Q-B4, and wins; and if 11 li-Kf_>, 12 P-K7 12 Q-Kt3 13 O-O-O, sacrificing the Queen and winning. 15 If 7 Kt-B7? 7 Q-B3, 8 B-K3 8 P-Q>. See a game,. Barnes-Morphy. Morphy's Games, p. 280. 16 Or 3 P-QB3, 4 P-Q4 4 P-Q I, 5 Px QP 5 P-K5, 6 Kt-K5 6P«P, etc., leading to an even game. 17 Or 5 QP x P 5 QP x P, G Q x Qch 6 Kt x Q, 7 Kt x P 7 P x P=. 24 SECTION IV. THE KNIGHT'S GAME OF RUY LOPEZ. 1 P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5 P-K4 " Kt-QB3 The invention of this powerful attack has been erroneously ascribed to Euy Lopez, a Spanish priest, who wrote a treatise on Chess, in Spanish (1561), which was afterward translated into Italian and French. The continuation 3 B-Kt5 is noticed in the Gottingen MSS. (1490), and Lucena (1497), consequently we can not give to Lopez the credit of its in- vention. It has attained universal popularity in all important matches and tourna- ments, and was so frequently adopted in the Paris Tourney, 1878, and in the late match between Zukertort and Rosenthal, that it has been remarked it seems as if our Chess masters hold the opinion that the advantage of the first move can not be maintained in any other opening if we except the close game. The positions in the Four Knight's Game are similar and often identical with the Lopez; it should therefore be studied in connection with this open- ing as the most important variation in the Lopez, 4 Kt-QB3 transfers the game into the Four Knight's Opening. Herren Zukertort, Rosenthal, and other first-rates, have rejected Morphj's favorite defense 3 P-QR3, probably on account of the dullness of the posi- tions which arise therefrom, but Steinitz says, in the Field, that he does not think any palpable inferiority can be demonstrated for the second player if he adopts 3 P-QR3, which is another way of saying that it is useful in cer- tain variations to have played 3 P-QR3, and that in others it does not in any way compromise or materially alter the position. Black has six defenses — First 3P-QR3! Second 3Kt-B3! Third 3 Kt-Q5 Fourth 3 KKt-K2 Fifth 3B-B4? Sixth 3 P-KKt3 ...... Col. 1- -12 ' 13- -20 ' 21- -24 25- -27 ' 28- -29 < 30 Table X.-RUY LOPEZ KNIGHTS' GAME. 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 l P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 B-Kt5 P-QR3 1 B-B4 Kt-B3 P-Q3 2 r Kt-QB39A ^| P=Q3~ B^Bl I ~J P-B3 3 B x Ktch 8 P-B3 P-KKt3 B-K2 PxB ~ P-QKt4 P-KB3 QKt-Q2 P-KR3 P-KR3 B-Kt3 B-Kt2 B-Kt2 O-O P-Kt3 P-Q3! " P-Q4? B-K3 Kt-Bsq Q-K2 B-K3 — P-KU3 P x P Q^K2 O-O ~~ Kt-Ktq B^KKt2-9 P-KH3 KtxP Q-Kt-Q2 Kt-Kt3 5 P-KK14 0-0 — 0-0 P-li3 P-QKt4 P-QKt4 O-O — O-O Q-K2 B-B2 B-B2 Kt x P-f B^K3 P-Q4 B-QKt2 p.Q4 0-0 QKt-Q2 P x P P-K3 Q-Q2 7 PxP— B-Q2 — B-Q2 —4 B-K3 —6 i This defense was, until lately, adopted in nil important contests, but it is now considered unnecessary to play it immediately, as in certain variations it is a loss of time. 2 The favorite attack of the Germanschool has, at last, superseded the more showy continuations 5 P-Ql and 0-0. 3 Introduced by Steinitz in his match with Blackburne, its object is to preserve the King's Bishop, and to rest the game upon the confinement of the Black King's Bishop. 4 From a game in the Rosenthal-Zukertort match, these moves are pronounced by the Editor of the Field as sound, and iu accordance with the principles of this form of attack. 5 Herr Steinitz counsels the maneuvering the Kt to K3. 6 From another game in the Rosenthal-Zukertort match. 7 The first player retains the attack, and continues Kt-Bsq and Kt-K3. This varia- tion is from a game in the Steinitz-Blackburne match. 8 The old continuation, played by Anderson, which leaves Black with an isolated QRP and a doubled Pawn on the QB file. 9 This variation illustrates the opening of first rate match games. White usually continues 9 Kt-QB3, and proceeds to bring it to KKbJ by way of K2. 9a This attack, introduced by Blackburne, was exceedingly popular at the Paris Tourney, 1878. It is a variation of the Four Knights' Game, and is analyzed under that opening. 26 Table XI.— RUY LOPEZ KNIGHTS' GAME. 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 3 B-Kt5 P-QR3 4 B-R4 Kt-B3 5 0-0 KtxP lO P-Q4 PxP 11 Q-K2 13 PQ-1U4! 6 P-Q4 P-QKt4 R-Ksq Kt B4 P-K5 Kt-K5 B-Kt3 B-Kt2 14 B-B4 15 7* B-Kt3 P-Q4 BxKt QPxB O-O P-Q3 B-B4 P-QR4 B-K2 R-QKtsq 8 PxP P-Q4 Kt-K3 R-Ksq P-B3 O-O PxP B-K3 Kt.K2 Kt-B4 PxP 9 B-K3 B-K2 B-K3 KtxP B-K2 BxKt 0-0 — P-Q3 — Kt-B3 B Kt2 QPxB P-Kt5 10 Q-K2 Kt-R4 QKt-Q2 Kt xKt B-K3 - O-O — KtxP — 0-0 12 — Kt-Q5 O-O 11 KKt-Q2- Kt-B4 — QxKt — 0-0 — P-Q3 — 10 Or 5 B-K2, P-Q4 I' x P, 7 1>-K 5 same as Col. 10. 11 5 Kt x KP or 5 Kt x QP are inferior. First 5 KtxKP, 6 0-0 6 B-K2, 7 PxP 7 0-0, 8 P-B3+. Second 5 Kt x QP, G Kt x Kt 6 P x Kt, 7 P-K5 7 Kt-K5. S Q x P + . 12 The " Handbuch " dismisses the game as even. The usual continuation is 11 Kt-QB3. Black should replv 11 P-B3 to avoid the following variation:— 11 Kt-QB3 11 Kt-K3, VI Kt-B5 12 B-Kt4, 13 Q-Kt4 13 B x B, 14 QRxB 14 Q-Kt4, 15 Qx Q 15 Ktx Q, 16 Kt-K7ch 16 K-Rsq, 17 P-B4, etc. 13 The Editors of the "Chess Monthly' censure this early development of the Queen. 14 Played by Herr Zukertort at the Hamburg Tourney. 15 Or 6 B-K2, 7 P-QR4 7 P-Kt5, 8 P-B3 8 0-0=. Table XII.— RUY LOPEZ KNIGHTS' GAME. 27 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 P-K4 1 P-KI Kt-KB3 -' Kt-QB3 o B-Kt5 6 Kt-13316 1 o-o 4 KtxP P-Q4 PxP r P-Q4 ° B^K2 K-Kfq Kt-QH O-O B-K2 fi Pv-Ksq " Kt-Q3 Q-K2 Kt-Q3 P-Q5 Kt-Q3 Kt x P 19- Kt x Kt P-K5 Kt-K5 m BxKt BxKt KtPxB B-K2 P-K5 E x Ktch B-K2 KtxP O-O 21 R-Ksq ' O.Px B Kt-B4 24 o PxP - Kt-B4-17 PxP Kt-Kt2 Px Kt B-R4 20 O-O Kt-B5 22 P-Q4 Kt x P 25 PxKt Kt xKt 9 B-K3-18 P x Pch B-Kt3 Kt x Bch Qx Kt O-O — BxP B-B3 Kt x Kt O-O 10 BxP — Pv-Ksq P-KI33 P-QU3 B-K3 — O-O — Kt-B4 P-Q4 — 11 P-QI53 P-Q4 PxKt — Q-Kt3ch— 23 12 P-Q4 — P-KK43 — 16 The Berlin Defense now becoming the must popular on account of the trans- formation of this opening into the Four Knights' Game. 17 Played twice in the Rosenthal-Zukert6rt match. White continued by ex- changing Queens, but the usual move is 9 Q-K2. 18 The attack 6 Q-KJ was twice adopted by Winawer in the celebrated tie match at the Paris Tourney, but Winawer here played 9 Kt-Ql. 19 Or G B x Kt 6 QP x B, 7 Kt x P 7 B-K2, 8 P-Q: 1 , 8 0-0=, etc. 20 If 8 P-Q4 the correct answer is 8 KtxB!, 9 RxKt 9 P-Q4, and not 8 P-KB3, on ac- count of 9 R-Ksq. 21 If 7 QKtxP, 8 R-Ksq. 22 In another game, in the Rosenthal-Zukertort match, S R-Ksq was played, but it is interior to S Kt-B5 recommended by Steimtz. 23 This column is from the Rosenthal-Zukertort match. 24 7 Kt-Ktl is worthy of analysis. 25 If 8 B x Kt, the variation is similar to Col. 10. 28 Table XIII— BUY LOPEZ KNIGHTS' GAME. 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 3 B-Kt5 Kt-B3 Kt-Q5 27 4 P-Q4 26 Kt x QP? Kt xKt PxKt B-Bl 29 Kt x Ktch B-R4 30 KtxKP Kt x Ktch 5 Kt x Kt PxKt P-Q5 P-Q3 P-QB3 0-0 P-QB3 QxKt QxKt Kt-Q3 Q-B3 B-B4 6 QxP P-B3 BxKt B-QB4 B-K4 Kt-K2 Q-QKt3 B-B4 Q-KKt3 KtPxB Kt-B3 Q-B3 i B-QB4 P-Q4 PxP P-K5 0-0 P-Q4 P-Q3 0-0 Kt-B3 P-Q3 P-Q3 P-B3 8 PxP KtxP Kt-Q4 PxP PxP P-K5 Kt-B3 P-B3 P-Q3. KtxP Kt-Kt3 Kt-K2 9 KI-B3+ KtxP — Kt-Q2 P.KB4+ P-Q3 Kt-K2 B-K3 31 q-q-z - B-K3 B-Kt3 10 Kt-K4 — B-K3+ 0-0 B-K2-28 P-KR3 11 P-KB4+ 32 26 The variations arising; from the attacks 4 P-Q3 and 4 Q-K2 are similar to the columns 1 and 11, but in a consultation game — Bird and Mason v. Blaekburne and II offer— the following variation occured:— 4 Q-K2 4 B-B4, 5 B xKt 5 QPxB, 6 Ktx 1* 6 Q-Q5, etc., ending in a draw. 27 Mr. Bird's defense. 28 From a game in the Vienna Tourney — Anderson- Blaekburne. 29 The Editors of the Vienna Tourney Games recommended this move. 30 Recommended in " La Strategie." 31 If 9 B-KKto, the answer would be 9 B x Pch. 32 From a consultation game between Del mar and Mackenzie and Brenzinger and Mason. — See " Chess Flayer's Chronicle," 1S78, p. 60. Table XIV.— RUY LOPEZ KNIGHTS' GAME. 25 26 27 28 29 30 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB.3 B-IU5 1 2 3 4 5 P-QB3 P-.QR3T34Kt-QB37 B-Kt3 P7P lvKt-K2 7 B ~ R4 _ B - R4 Bxlvt Kt-R3 B x P P-QB3 P4J4 P-QKt4 KlPxB Kt-Qsq B-Kt3 CMj~ KKt-K2? B-B4 P-KKt3 37 P-Q4 ! 33 P-B3 P- Q4 PxP Q-K2 35 KKt-K2 RTF - KtxP O-O 0-0 KtxP Kt x Kt P-B3 O-O B-Kt2 QxKt P-Q4 P-Q4 B-K3 Kt-B3 B-Kt3 0-0+ Kt-B4 P-Qy 0-0+ B~K3 Kt-B3 B-K3+ Q-Q5 — Q-B3 P-B3 O-O P-Q4 P-Q4 B-Kt3 PxP Kt-R3 BxP Kt-Qsq B-K13 Kt-B4 P-Q5 Kt-B2 Kt-Ktsq Kt-K3 P-Q6 P-B3 PxP Kt-B5+ 36 B-KB4+ 33 The strongest continuation, as played by Blackburne against Steinitz, in tlie Vienna Tournev; it prevents the second player from developing his game by P-KKt3 and B-Kt2. The other continuations for White 1 O-O and P-B.'i are obsolete. 34 This vacation is taken from the " Chess Player's Chronicle," June, 1878. 35 Mr. Boden's defense, 36 From a game between Morphy and Lowenthal. 37 The other defenses at Black's command are 3 P-B4, 3 Q-B3, and :'> P-Q:i; they are never adopted in any important contest, and result, with best play, unfavorably for Black. 30 SECTION V. THE SCOTCH GAMBIT. 1 P " K4 9 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 1 P-K4 * Kt-QB3 This variation of the King's Knight's attack is replete with interest and Variety; it is often adopted with success in important match games, by the "greatest Ch^ss masters of the day, though the result of modern analysis is in favor of the second player. * The first notice of this opening occurs in the early Italian writers, Ercole Del Kio and Lolli; and was first treated in its minor details by the "Anony- mous Modencsc" (1750), but received little attention till the celebrated match between London and Edinburgh; to the complete success of the Scotch, in both the attack and defense of the opening, its designation is owing. Every theorist admits that Black can not, without decided loss, refuse to capture the proffered Pawn. He has two methods — First 3PxP Second 3KtxP In the reply 3 P x P White can continue thus — 4 Kt x ? ..... 4T3-QB4 4 P-B3 ...... Col. 1-37. " 38-42. Col. 1-21. u 22-30. If 37. Table XV.-SCOTCH GAMBIT. 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 l P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 FxP Kt x P 1 Q-R5 2 Kt-Kt5 Q-Q3 B-Ktoch8 "**" B-B4? Kt-B3 P-B3 4 B-Q2 Kt-Q2? Q-B3 Kt-Q2 8 QxKPch Q x KPch Q x KPch Kt-Q5 B-B4 B K3 B- K2 B-K2 Kt x Pch P- QB3 B-K4 " K-Qsq QxKtP K-Qsq P-Q4 Kt-Q2 O-O B-B3 Q-B4 PxP Q-K2 BxB Q-K6 Kt x Pch Kt x Kt Kt-B4 KtxB QxB Kt x Pch K-Qsq PxKt P-Q3 " Q-KB5 P-QK3 K-Qsq QxQ QxQP Q-K4+ P-B4 QKt-B3 Kt x U B x Q QxQ Kt-B3 5 Q-K4 " Kt-B3 _ " Kt x K B x Q Kt-KB3 Kt-R3 P-B3 KtxB+ B-B4 Kt-KKto P-QKt4 K-Ksqcu U-O — P-KKt3 B-B3 B-K2 QTB3 KKt-K2 Q-Kt7 io Kt-B3 QR-Qsq Pv-Bsq R-Ksq 6 li-QKtsq -j- Kt-Q4 7 1 This line of play, recovering- the Gambit Pawn at once, is at least as strong, if not stronger, than 4 B-QB4, and the attack is more enduring. 2 Mr. Pulling's counter attack; given by tlie "Handbuch" as Black's best reply. 3 This and Black's following move cannot with safety be reversed; for if 5 QxKPch, then (i BKo G B-Ktdch, 7 Kt-Q2, etc., with the better game. 4 This variation has not yet been properly analyzed, but if the best moves are given lor Black in this column, it will go far toward abolishing the defense 4 Q-R5. 5 10 Kt-R3 is stronger, as pointed out by Messrs. Steinitz and Potter. 6 The above moves occurred in a correspondence game between Vienna and Lon- don, won by the latter. 7 Continued in a game between Herren Rosenthal and Steinitz, as follows: — 14 Kt-B4 14 15 x Pch, 15 PxB 15 Kt x P, lfi Kt-K:'. 16 R x Kt, 17 B x R 17 Kt x Q, 15 R x Kt 18 Q x RP, and Black should win. 8 To avoid 6 B-Kt5, etc. 32 Table XVI.— SCOTCH GAMBIT. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 7 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 PxP KtxP Q-K5 Q-Q3 Kt-B3 Kt xKt QPxKt Kt-B3 Ji-QKt5 B-Q2 BxKt Bx B Q x KPch QxQ KtxQ BxP+ KR-Ktsq 10 11 12 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 9 B-Kt5 Q-Q3 B x Ktch PxB Kt-B8+ Q x KPch B-K2 B-Xtoch P-QB3 B-B4 0-0 Kt-B3 P-QKt4 B-Kt3 B-q-6 Q-Kt5 P-KR3 Q-B4 R-Ksqch K-Qsq P-QKt5+ Q-K2 B-Kt5 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 Q-Qsq BxKt QxB Kt-Q5 Q-Qsq Kt-Q4 P-QK3 Q-Q3 — B-K2 — Q-KKtS P-Q3 0-0 QK2 B QKt5 B-K3 Kt-Q4 Q-Q2 R-K^q KKt-K2 Q-K2 O-O-O B-Kt5 K-Ktsq BxKKt B-B4 O-O KKt-K2 Kt-B3 Q-Kt8 R-Ksq P-Q3 Kt-Qo K-Qs 4 B-Q3 Q-K4 Kt-B4 Q-Kt5 P-KR3 + Kt x KtlO B x B 11 Q-Q2 This move is the invention of Mr. G. B. Fraser, and leads to many interesting and difficult positions. A good analysis of its principal variations, by Mr. Fraser, is to be found in the January and February numbers of ''The Cliess Player's Chronicle," 1877. 10 To be followed up by 14 Q x KtP 14 Kt x BPch, 15 K-Q2 15 R-KBsq, 16 K x Kt 16 P-Q3, 17 QR-Ksq with the better game. 11 Continued thus, 11 B x Kt 14 P x B, 15 Q-QR6 15 B-Q4, 16 Kt-QB3 16 B-KB3, 17 Kt x B 17 B x Kt, 18 Kt-QKt4 18 B-QKt3, 19 R-K7 19 Q-Bsq, 20 Kt x Pch 20 K-Rsq, 21 Q-Q3 21 QR-Ksq, 22 Q-K4, etc., with a grand game. Table XVII.-SCOTCH GAMBIT. 38 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 P-K4 P- Kt 2 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 3 P-Q4 PxP 4 Kt x P B-B4 5 B-K3 11 Q-B3 6 P-QB3 ■ KKt-K2 7 B-K2 B-QB4 B-QKt5 P-KB4 P-Q3 P Q4! 0-0 A P-QK3B P-Q4 Q-KK_t3 8 0-0 B-B3 0-0 BxKt P-K5 Q-B3 P-KK412 P xP Kt-K4 KtxB Q-R3 Kt x Kt 9 P-KB4 Q-Kt3 B xP B-K2! P-Q3 0-0 O-O Q-Q2 BxKt PxKt B xKt B-Kt5ch 10 Q Q3 13 P xB — KtQ2 P-KB4 Px-B Kt-B3 P-lvj 0-U — B-Q2 P-Q3 Kt-B4 P-Q4 11 B-B3 P.KB4 — QKt-Kt3 — Q-Q2 B-Q2 B-Kt5 O-O P-K5 P-B4 B-Kt5 12 P-K5 PxP Q-KB2 Kt B3 Q-B2 15 q K-Esq Kt-K4 Kt-KB3 B-KR5 28 BxKt Kt-K4 Kt-K4 P-B6 KtxB QxB Kt-K4 Q-QKt3 QKtxP+ KtxKt Q-R5 Q-R4 + B-B3 + " Q-B3 27 P-KKt3 32 26 7 B : Bsq 7 P-B3 or 7 K-Bsq results favorably for White. 27 Continued thus: 14 P-B4 14 B-B4ch, 15 K-Rsq 15 P-KKt3, 16 B-B2=. 28 The above moves are given by Mr. Gossip in " The Chess Player's Manual." 29 This move, the invention of Mr. Cochrane, is considered unsound. 30 7 P-Q3 or 7 P-Q4 gives White an advantage. 31 8 Kt-Kt5 or 8 Q-1U3 is unfavorable to White. 32 Continued thus: 14 Q-R6 14 K-Ktsq, 15 Kt-Q2 15 B x P, 1G Kt-Kt5 16 P-KB3+. Table XXI.-SCOTCH GAMBIT. 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 P-K4 p7kX~ Kt-KB3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 P x P Kt x P P-B3 Kt x P Kt x Kt P x P Kt-K3 P x Kt B-QB4 P-KB4 B-QB4 QxP Kt-B3 B-B4 P-QB3 Kt-K'2 Kt-Kt533 Kt-KB3 BxKt KtxKBP35 B-QB4 Kt-K4 P-Q3 B-Kt3 P-B5 P-Q4 Kt-Bsq KPxP Kt-B3 Q-B3 Q-Pv4ch K x Kt Kt-B3 P-K5 Kt-B3 BxKtch Q-Q5 Q-Kt3 Q x KKt K x B Q-B3 Kt-B3 B-Kt3 0-0 O-O 36 B-QKt5 Q-K'2 B-Kt5 B-B4 P-Q4 B-Kt5 O-O B-Q3 B-Q3 0-0 — ll-Ksq _ P-QB3 — O-O " KT7U3 Q x KtP " Kt-B3 — K-B2 ~ B-R4 — QKtxP B-KKt5 R-KKtsq B-K3 P-KK3 " F-B3 Q^KU B-QKt5 KKt-K4 Q-K2 + R-Kt3 P-QB3 KtTKt " Q-K4 B-K4 .Kt x Kt P-B5 B-Q4 Q-Ku Kt-B4 Kt-B3 Q-Q4 R x P 4 P-K5 B-Q3 34 Kt-K5 + 33 6 0-0 is much stronger. 34 These moves were played in a game between Hen Metger and Dr. Zukertort. 35 This attack was suggested by Mr. Cochrane, and, though hazardous, requires to be carefully answered by Black. 36 These moves occurred in the memorable game between the Edinburgh and London Clubs, but the former here played 8 Kt-QB3; Mr. Staunton considered 8 O-O better, as this allows Black no favorable opportunity of bringing the King's Bishop into the field. 38 SECTION VI. THE QUEEN'S BISHOP'S PAWN'S GAME. P-K4 9 Kt-KB3 P-QB3 1 P-K4 " Kt-QB3 6 The opening we are about to consider has been popular in England, but seldom adopted by our Continental players. Staunton, in the " Handbook," first called particular attention to it, but the establishment of the best lines of defense to this attack is due primarily, to Mr. Fraser, of Dundee, Janssens, the Belgian, and Ernest Morphy, of New Orleans; and the results of their almost exhaustive analyses prove beyond a doubt that this opening is not to be recommended to the first player. Black has three defenses : — First 3 P-B4 Ponziani's Counter Gambit ...... Col. 1- 6 Second 3 P-Q4 Queen's Pawn's Defense ...... "' 7-12. Third 3 Kt-B3 Jaenisch's Counter Game ...... " 13-18. Table XXII.— QUEEN'S BISHOP'S PAWN'S GAME. 39 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 P-K4 P-K4 KKt-B3 QKt-B3 P-B3 P-B4 11 PxP P-Q3 P-KKt4 P-KR4 Kt-Ktsq PxP QxP KKt-K2 B-Q3 P-KKt3+ P-Q4 P x KP? Kt xP Kt-KB3 B KKt5 B-~KT~ B-Kto u-I> Q-Kt3ch P-Q4 Kt x Kt PxKt BxP B-K3 BxPv QxB Kt-R3 + P-Q3 ! „ PxKP? P-Q5 ! 6 BPxP PxP Kt-Kt5 Kt-Kt5 P-Q4 ! 1 Kt-Ktsq P-K6 2 Kt x KP Ki-K4 ! Kt-KB3 Q-Q4 B-Q3 Q-Q3 " Kt x P 7 Kt-QR3 3 Kt-Kt5 PTb1T4~~ Kt-KB3 B-K B4 KtxP Kt-Q'Jch Kt x Kt B x Kt Q-lioch Q7B K-Q2 Kt-B7 B x Kt Kt-K3 P-KKt3 Kt x K Q-Kt4ch Kt-B4 5 K-B3 8 QKt-K2 9 B-Kt5eh B-Q2 Q-Kt3 PxP Kt-Kto BxB Qx Bch Q-Q2 Q x KtP R-B^-q Kt x KP + B-QKt5 PxKP KtxP PxKt J3 x Ktoli PxB Q-P5ch Q-B5ch K-K2 Q-Kl5ch K-Ql Q-Boch K-K2 10 Drawn by perpetual check. 1 If 6 Kt x P, 7 Kt x KP 7 P-Q4, 8 Q-R5ch S Kt-KtS, 9 Kt-Kt5 9 Kt-KB3, 10 Q-K2eh 10 B-K2, 11 Kt-KG, 11 B x Kt, 12 Q x B 12 Q-Q2+. 2 Gossip gives 7 B-QKto as an equal game. 3 If 9 B-KBI 9 Kt-QC.ch, 10 B x Kt 10 Q x B+. 4 The "Handbuch," 6th edition, gives 9 Kt-QB3, 10 Q-R4 10 Kt-R3, 11 Kt-Kt.")+. 5 Continued 11 Q-EU 14 B-B4, 15 0-0 15 B x KP, lb B-K2 lb K-K2+. 6 This move is the invention of Dr. E. Schmidt; a full analysis is given In the 6th edition of the " Handbuch." 7 If 8 P-B3, 9 P-QB1 9 P x P, 10 P x P 10 Q-R4ch, 11 QKt-B3 11 Kt x P, 12 B-Kt5eh+. 8 Continued 14 Q-B3ch 14 P-Q4, 1 J B x P 15 P-K5, 16 Q-B7 lb B-Q3, 17 P-QB4+. 9 If 5 Kt-Ktsq, 6 B-Q3 6 P x P, 7 B x P 7 Kt-KB3, 8 BKKt5 8 B-K2, 9 B x Kt 9 B x B, 10 Q-B2+. 10 If instead Black plays 11 K-Q3, 12 P x Pch 12 K-K: 14 Qx Bch+. 11 If 3 P-Q3, 4 B-QKt5 4 B-Q2, 5 P-Q4 5 Kt-KB3. 13 B-Kt5ch 13K-Ksq, 40 Table XXIII.— QUEEN'S BISHOP'S PAWN'S GAME. P-K4 KKt-B3 P-QB3 1 P-K4 A QKt-B3 6 P-Q4! 7 8 9 10 11 12 B-Kt5 ! Q-Pv4 PxP KKt-K214 FTP P-B3 15 Kt x P Q-Pv4 Kt x P B-Kt5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Q-Q4 P-B3 Q-Q4 KKt-K2 Q-E4 P-Q3 KtxKt PxP P-Q3 KKt-K2 B-Q2 PxKt QxP B-Q2 KtxKt P-KB4! O-O B-B4 O-O PxP KtxKt Px Fen pas P-QK3 Q-Q2 B-Q2 KtxP 0-0 Kt x P B x Kt 0-0 B-B4 Q-K4 B-Q2I12 P-QKB BxB Kt-B3 Q-B4 -f Kt-Kt3 R-Ksq B-K2 ! 13 Q-B2 B-Ksq — P-Q4 O-O-O Kt-Kt3 Kt-Kt3 B-K2 — P-QR3 PvxP 0-0 — B-K3 — B-K2 P-QKo + B-Q2 — B-0.3 — P-B4 Q-B2 P-K5 Kt-Kt5 Q-B3 ! Kt-KPv3 P-Pt3 P-QR4 O-O-O P-R5 Kt-Q4 Kt-B4 KtxKt BxKt P-KKt4 B-Q2 16 12 This continuation as played in a game between Potter and Steinitz, is superior to B-Q3, etc. 13 This move is stronger than B-B4, as given in the second edition. 14 This brings about a position in the Ruy Lopez Knight's Game. 15 Introduced by Steinitz in '68 in a game played against Mr. AVisker. 16 The above moves are taken from the second match game between Rosenthal and Zukertort. Black (Mr. Z.) now played B-Q3, and the game was drawn; he should have played, as he himself hasshown, in "The Chess Monthly," 18P-B5, 19 P-Q5 19 Kt-K2, 20 P-B4 20 Q-Kt3, 21 Kt-B3 21 B-B4, 22 Q-Kt3 22 B-Kt2+. Table XXIV.— QUEEN'S BISHOP'S PAWN'S GAME. 41 P-K4 1 P-K4 KKt-B3 P-QB3 6 Kt-KB3 ~ QKt-1 S3 13 14 15 16 17 18 P-Q4 * P-Q4 17 P-Q4 Kt x KP B-Kt5 KlxP r B-QKt5 ° KtxKP P-Q5 B-B4 18 Kt-Ktsq PxP O B-B4! Kt-Q3 - Kt x P ° B-Q2 PxKt B x Peh 19 B-Q3 Kt-KB8 Q-Q5 BxPch BxKt QPxB - KtxB ' Qxlvt K-K2 QKtPxP2G i P-Q4 KtxP B-B4 K-K2 P-KB4 KtxP B-K2 0-0 ° Kt-Q3 Q-K4 P-KB4 PxP 0-0 O-O QKt-Q2 Kt x Kt P-Q4 — B x P O-O — BxKt 9 QxB QKt-Q2 O-O Q-B4oh P-QB3 P-QKt4 P-Q3 B xKt B-Ki3 -I ... R-Ksqch 1U B-K2 Kt x Kt P x Kt QKt-Q2 P-KB4 Kt-B4 B-Kt3 R-Ksq Q-K2 t1 Q-K2 X± 0-U QxKP P-Q4 Kt x Kt BP x Kt P-QE4 B-Kt5 K-Q*q Kt-Qsq 1 B-B4 - 1 — ' KK-Ksq - -QxKP - R-Ksq KxB O-O Q-B2 B-Kt5 Q-B2 P-QB3 13 Q x Rch B-K3 P x Kt PxP — PxP — B-QB4 Kt-Ko - r Q x Qch 14 KxB + P-KKt3 + 17 This defense, which first occurred in a game between Captain Kennedy and Mr. Lowe, was at one time greatly in vogue, but it is not so popular as 4 Kt x KP. If instead of either of these moves Black plays -1 P-Q'3 White rejoins with 5 P-Q5, with a fine opening. 18 This move, the invention of Mr. Frazer, is hazardous play; at the same time the defense requires a deal of care. 19 Kt x P is also unfavorable. 20 Many players prefer 7 P-Q4, as shown in next column. 42 SECTION VII. THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-K4 " KtQB3 " Kt-JB3 This variation of the Piano Game was first noticed by Gianutio, 1597. It owes its designation and elaboration to the celebrated German analyst, Von Bilguer, who published at Berlin, 1839, his "Das Zweispringerspiel un Naehzuge," an octavo volume of 80 pages, with folding sheets or tables, exclusively devoted to this opening. It is still to be doubted whether the counter game is a satisfactory defense. White has three lines of attack. First 4 Kt-Kt5 ...... Col. 1-15. Second 4 P-Q4 ...... " 10-22. Third 4 0-0 ...... " 23-24. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Table XXV.— TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. 43 P-K4 Kt-KB: 1 , „ B-B4 , Kt-Kt5 P-K4 " Kt-tJB:; ° Kt-B8 P-Q4 12 3 4 5 P Kt-QR4 B-Kt5ch P-B3 PxP PxP B-K2! P-KK3 Kt-KB3 P-K5 Kt-K5 Q-B2 ! 1 Q-Q5 P-KB4 2 Kt-Kt4 P-KB4! B-Q3 B x Kt ! B-QB4 P-Q4 B x B R-Bsq 0-0 3 P-K6 Q-Q3 B-Q3 P-B3! 0-0 B-B3 P-B3 P-B3 P-B4 P-B4 PxBPch Kt-Ktli Q-Kt3 Kt-R3 P-B3 ' K-Bsq P-QKt4 Q-K4 p.R3 Pv-Ktsq R-Qsq O-O-O B-Ki3 B-Q2 Kt-B2+4 P-QKt3 B-K3 Q-K2 Kt-Pc3 Kt x B Kt-B3 PxP B-B4! 0^(3 KxKt9 KtxKt PxP P-B3 QKt-B4 QxKt5 Kt-Q4 6 Q-Q6 7 Q-B2 8 1 The whole of the variations and notes that follow in Columns 1-3 are taken ver- batim from two articles which appeared in the "Chess Player's Chronicle," by the Rev. W. Wayte. They are so excellent and exhaustive that they are given complete, and constitute the only refutation of this variation published in English. 2 Mr. Wayte points out that White can not transpose the order of the moves P-KBt and P-Q4, for if 11 P-Q4 Black can attain an advantage bv the following line of play:— 11 B-Q:i, 12 P-KB4 12 Px P en pas., 13 Ktx P on B3, 13 B-KKt5. 3 If 12 Px P aipas., 1 1 Ktx P! Mr. Wayte says when White has advanced the Pawns in proper order, 11 P-KB4 and 12 P-Q4, Black should not take either en passant. 4 This is the variation upon which the " Handbuch " relies to preserve White's ad- vantage in material. 5 The choice between the advantage of Pawn or position is left by the "IIan<:- buch " an open question. 6 Continued 17 Q-Bsq 17 Q-Kt3, 18 Kt-QB3 IS Ktx B, 111 Q x Kt 19 B x Kt, 20 P x BP 20 QxP, and Black has recovered the Pawn, but the position is in favor of White. Mr. Wayte suggests 15 Kt-Q4 to strengthen Black's counter attack. 7 The invention of Herr Steinitz, but the attack is hazardous. Refer to " Wor- mald's Chess Openings," p. 13.3. 8 And it is doubtful if Black has an equivalent in position for the Pawn lost. These moves occurred in a Match game, Anderssen-Riviere. 9 And again the issue is doubtful. 44 Table XXVI —TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. 7 8 9 10 11 12 P-K4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 B-B4 Kt-B3 Kt-Kt5 P=Q4 PxP Kt-QPv4 B-Kt5ch P-Q3 P7B3 " P-KK3! " B-QB4 PxP Kt-KB3 0-0 PxP P-K5 0-0 B-K2! Q-B3? B-K4 Q-K2 P-QB3 15 P-KK3 Q-B2 P-KK3 Kt x B P-KR3 Kt-KB3 B-E4 KtxKB3 P x Kt P-QKt4 B-Q3 JB-Q8 11 P-K5 " B-QB4 13 P x Kt P-Q3 P-Q4? P-Q3 Q-K2 12 P-KR3 PxB 0-0 P-K5 O-O B-K3 0-0 Kt x P P-B3 Kt-K5 0-0 Kt-Kt5 Kt-K2 BxP P-QB4 Q-B2 P-KK3 Q-Q5 P-QKt4 14 P-KB3 0-0 P-KB4 Kt-K4 B x Pch Kt-QB3 B x Ktch B-Kt2 O-O Kt x Ki+ Kt x B PxP Q x B Q-R4 0-0 Kt x Kt Q x BP B-K3 Pv-QBsq P-B4 10 Q-B4 + ^-Q3 -f B-B4 10 Continued 14 P-B3 14 R-Qsq.— See Col. 3 11 Or 9 B-KKt5, 10 Q-KKt3 10 P-KR3, 11 Kt-KB3 11 B-Q3+. 12 Or 10 Kt-K5 10 Q-Q5, 11 B x Pch 11 Kt x B, 12 Kt x Kt 12 Q-B4+. 13 Mr. Gossip gives 9 B-K2!, 10 Kt-Q4 10 P-B3=. 14 Or 11 Kt-R2, 12 B-K3 12 B-Q3, 13 0-0 +. From the "Manual." 15 "Manual" says, 8 Kt-QB3 gives White the better position. Table XXVII.— TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. 45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 P-K4 14 15 16 17 18 P-K4 Kt-KB3_ Kt-QB3 B-B4 Kt-B3 Kt-Kt5 P-~Q4~ PxP KtxPie Kt x BP KxKt Q-B3ch K-K3 Kt-B3 QKt-K2 P-Q4 P-iib! B-KKtS P-KK3 BxQKt Bx B o-o-o R-Bsq 17 Kt xP B x Pch K-K-J P-Q3 Kt-B3 B-K13 P-Q4 P-KB4 B-Ktr Q-Q2 K-Q2 KKt-Bi Q-Ksq Ktx R P x Pdisch K-Bsq Kt-B3 B-QB4 18 P-Q4! P-KK3 Kt x Kt K x B P-Q5 Kt-K2 Q-R5eh P-KKt3 Q xKP B-Kt2 Q-B4ch K-Ktsq QKt-B3 + P-Q4 PxP 0-0 Kt x P ! R-Ksq P-Q4 BxP Q'x B Kt-I',3 0^b3 Kt x Kt B-K3 P-QKt3 ^W B-Kt5 B-K2! B x B B-Kt5 B-QKt5 P-B3 PxP PxP K x B 19 B-R4 -f- Q-Qsq RxKtch B-K2 KtxP P-KB4 R-B4 0-0 Kt x Kt Q x Qcii KtxQ — PxKt — 16 This move has hitherto been considered inferior. Wormald says, great care is necessary for the successful conduct of the attack after sacrificing the Knight, as in the following variation. The hot position of the Black King in this Variation has given the entire opening its Italian name of fegatello, or "fried liver," ever since Gianutio (1597). 17 Continued 13 Q-IC4 13 B-Kt4ch, 14 K-Ktsq 14 R-B5, and after several moves Black gets out of the attack with a winninggame. To prevent this line ofpla\ , Mr. Wavte, in his Review of the Handbuch, savs, 11 B-R4 is proposed, and if 11 P-KKt4, 12 B-Kto. 18 We insert this variation from an article by Dr. Zukertort, published in the "City of London Magazine." Vol. II , p. 75. Zukertort says, " White has now five different continuations, but none will enable him to retain his numerical superiority with a satisfactory position." 19 Mr. Wayte says, "Thus far Black has retained his Pawn; but if White now play 13 Q-Bsq, as suggested by Steinitz, threatening Q-R3ch, to be followed by P-QB4 or QR-Qsq, according to circumstances, the retention of the Pawn be- comes very difficult for Black, and as his situation is also uncomfortable, the defense 8 Q-Bo must perhaps be abandoned. 46 Table XXVIII.— TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB8 Kt-QBS 3 B-B4 Kt-B3 4 P-Q4 PxP ...... ...... 0-0 KtxP ^ 0-0 P-K5 P-Q4 P-Q4 P-Q4 22 o Kt x P 20 QKt x P 6 K-Ksq P-Q4 B-QKt5 Kt-K5 Q-K2 B-KKt5 KtxKP Kt-K3 7 BxP QxB 0-0 B-QB4 KtxP B-Q2 ! PxP QKt x P Kt x BP K x Kt 8 Kt-B3 Q-KPv4 KtxP B-Q2 BxKt PxB KtxKt PxKt Kt-QB3 P-KB4 B x Kteh K-Ksq 9 KtxKt J3-K2 21 BxKt PxB 0-0 B-K2 B-Q3 B-QB4 BxP + Q-B5ch P-Kt3 10 B-Kt5 B-KKt5-f B-K3 Q^K2 B-QB4 BxKt Q-K5 O-O ' Q-KK5 Kt-KB3 11 P-QB3 — Kt-QB3 Kt x Kt Q-K2 — PxB — B-Kt3dch B-K2 12 P x Kt — P-QB4 — B-K6 P-Q3 13 Q-K2 + 20 5 B-QB1 resolves the game into Max Lange's attack in the Giuoco Piano. 21 Or 9 B-K3, 10 B-IU5 10 B-QKt5, 11 P-QB3 11 P x P, 12 P x P 12 B-R4=. 22 5 P x P is the best move.— See Col. 16-20. 47 SECTION VIIL GIUOCO PIANO. P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 xj ^ 4 — -rr. /\n,i' O P-K4 " Kt-QB3 B-B4 The earlier writers of the Italian School bestowed great attention to this method of developing the pieces. The character of the opening is well de- fined by its designation, giuoco play, piano smooth, i. e. careful or even play; the pieces being placed in commanding positions without risking any sacri- fice. In the past it has received a fair share of popularity — recent dis- coveries are in favor of the second player, consequently our modern Chess masters seldom adopt the slow game analyzed in this section, but prefer the brilliant variation called the Evans Gambit, hereafter to be considered and commented upon, in Section IX. White has four continuations: — First 4 P-B3 Col. 1- 8. Second 4 0-0 « 9-12. Third 4 Kt-B3 ...... Note 16. Fourth 4 PQ3 « 16. Our analysis of this opening has been greatly enriched by a series of ar- ticles by Herr Zukertort, published in the first volume of the " City of Lon- don Chess Magazine." 48 Table XXIX— GIUOCO PIANO. 12 3 4 5 -. P-K4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 P K4 Kt-KB3 Kl-QBS B-B4 - B34 P-B3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 PxP PxP P-K5 B-KKt5 7 B-Kt5ch P Q4 P-KR8! "" Kt x P B-Q2 B-QKt5 ! B x Kt 0-0 B a Bch Kt x KP Kt-K5 Qxli ~ B-Kt3 QKt x B B x B PxP P-K5 R-Ksq P-Q4 Kt x KP Kt x B " B-KtS Q-Kt3 8 O-O P x P KtxKt B x Pch 0-0 0-0 Kt x P KKt x P P=Q4 K7B O-O _ PxP " KtxKt Q-Kt3 B x P 2 Q-Kt3ch Kt-B3 Kt x P Pv x Kt QKt-K2 QxB P-Q4 P-B3 O-O " B x Pch 0-0 0-0 QxKt P-KR3 5 Kt-Q5 — K-Hsq O-O " B-Kt5 3 li-Ksq PxP ~ B-Kt8 — Kt-KB3--9 QR-Ksq Kt B3 O-O B x Kt P-QB3 BxKt+ P-QK4 Px B Kt-K5 — Q-Kt3 KtxP Q-Kt31— K-K3 4 B-K3 1 The " Handbuch " pronounces this an even frame. 2 In an excellent article published in the " City of London Magazine," Vol. I., we have an analysis of this branch of the Giuoco Piano. Herr Zukertort gives two other moves here, 10 B-Q3 and 10 B-Kt5. 3 The "Handbuch," sixth edition, continues 11 0-0, but Mr. Wayte, in his review in " Chess Player's Chronicle," August, 18.80, says the variation 11 0-0, 12 Kt-B:! 12 Q moves, 13 P-Q5, etc., is bad "for Black, and therefore recommends the move in the text. 4 Herr Zukertort continues 14 Kt-B3, and considers this variation will require much care on the part of Black to bring all his pieces into action, yet it leads to an even game. 5 If 11 P x P, Black re-takes with the Rook, with the better game. 6 The " Handbuch " continues 14 Kt x Kt 14 PxKt. (If 14 B x R, 15 Kt-KKt5 recovers the exchange, 15 Q-Kt3ch 15 Q-Q4, 16 li-Qsq, even game). 7 -An article translated by Mr. Fra^er from the "Nordisk Skaktidende" will be found in the "Chess Player's Chronicle," March, 1878. 8 Mr. Wayte says, there are strong reasons for preferring S Q-B4. 9 Prom a game Steinkuhler and Steinitz. Table XXX.— GIUOCO PIANO. 49 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 P-B3 Kt-B3 P-Q3 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-Q3 P-Q3 B-K3 P-Q3 B-K3 B-Kt3 QKt-Q2 Kt-K2 Kt-Bsq PTBs Kt-Kt3 P-KR8 Q-K2 P-Kt4 0-0-0 Kt-Kt3 P-Q4 - Q,K2— 10 Bxli Px 15 Kt-R3 0-0 0-0 P-Q4 K-Ksq P-Q5 P-Kt4 Q-Ksq K-Rsq Q-Kt3 Kt-qH3 " B-B4 9 10 11 B x Pch 12 Kt-R4 QKt-Q2 KtxB Kt x Kt P-QKt4 QKt-Q2 E-KKtsq+ P-KR3 Kt-B3 P-KR3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 Kt-K2 B-K3 B-QKt5 O-O P-B3 P-R3 B-Pv4 Kt-K2 P-KKt4 Kt-R2 Kt-Kt3 Kt-Kt3 Kt-B5 BxKt KtPxB Kt-R5 R-KKtsq Kt x Ktch QxKt K-Rsq 11 Kt-B3 B-K3 B-Kt3 0-0 KxB Kt x Pch Kt x Kt Q-R5ch K-K3 ! 13 Q-B5eh O-O Kt-K2 B-K3 B-Kt3 Kt^K2~ Kt-Kt3 K-Q3 P-Q4 BxP Kt-R3 P-B3 14 — P-QB3 Kt-Kt3— Q-B3 PxB QxQ PxQ Kt-B2 B-B4ch K-K2 + 12 K-Bsq Kt x Kt QP x Kt 0-0 Kt-B3 Q-B3 Q-Q5 P-Q3 B-KKt5 Q-K13 B-Q3 B-B4 P-KKt4 ! BxB PxB P-KR3 B-K3 QxKtP R-KKt^q Q-R6ch KTK2 Kt-B3 R-Kt3 + 10 The above moves are taken from the late match between Messrs. Blackburne and Zukertort. 11 Continued 17 Q-Kt3 17 R-KKtsq, IS P-Ktl IS B-Kt3, 19 B-Kt3 19 Q-K2, 20 P-KR1 20 P-QB3, 21 K-Kt2 21 P-Kt4, 22 P x P 22 Kt x P, 23 Q-Ktl 23 Kt-R2, 21 Q-R3 21 It x R, 25 Q x 11 23 Q-D3, 2G K-K2 + . • 12 This move constitutes the Jerome Gambit, which, although unsound, affords some highly instructive analysis 13 If G Kt-Kt3, 7 Q-Q5ch 7 K-Ksq, S Q x B S P-Q3, 9 Q-B3, 9 Kt-B3, 10 P-Q3, and White has some attack to compensate for his lost piece. 14 If 9 Q-B3, 10 Kt-Kt5ch 10 K-Bl. 11 KtxB 11 Qx Q, 12 Ktx Q 12 P-KKt3, 13 B-K3ch 13 K-B3, 14 Kt-Qldi 11 K-Q3, 15 0-0-0 15 K-K2, lfi Kt-Ktf>+; or, if 9 Kt-K2, 10Q-R3 lOQ-Bsq, 11 Kt-Ktoeh 11 KB4, 12 KtxB 12 K x Kt, 13 B-Kt54-. Table XXXI.— G1UOCO PIANO. P-K4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 •16 13 o-o ^ P-Q3 p, P-B3 ° Kt-B3 c p -Q' 4 PxP PxP B-Kt3 Kt-B3 BKt5 B-QKto q B-B3 B-B2! B-Q2Y Kt-K4 B-B2 25c QPv-Bsq Kt-Ksq! QR-Bsq K-Bsq 25/; Kt-Kt3 Pv-lvtsq R-Ktsq P-QK8 ~ Kt x B ~ P-QR3 ~~ KKt-Ktsq Kt-Kt3 Kt-Kt3 Q x KKt Kt-B5 P-Bt> Q-Bsq QP x Kt P-QKt4 Q-Qsq QKt-B5 KK-Q-q+ KI-B4 Kt-B5 P-QR3 Kt-B5 Kt-B3 R-B3 B-Rsq B-Kt3 B-Kt4 Kt-K4 P-B5 B x B R-Kt3 Q-KKt3 KKt-K4 QxB Pv-B2 25« R-B2 Kt x Kt Q-Ksq B x B Kt-K6 BP x Kt Q-K6 P x B P-B5 B x B P-B5 Q-Qsq + QR-Ksq Q x B + KKt K4+ Q-Q2 P-Kt4 P-Kt4 Pv-Bsq Q-Ksq P-Kt4 P-B4 Kt-B2 Kt-B5 Kt-B4 Kt x QP P-B5 • P-Kt5 B x Kt B^QTq P-Kt5 + B-Ktsq Kt-K3 Px B _ Kt-B5 P-Kt5 B^Q2 Kt-K4 B x Kt B-Q4 P-B4 Kt x Kt P x B 25a If 23 P-B5, 24 R x Kt 24 P-B6, 25 R x Pch 25 K-Rsq, 2G Q-K2+. 25b If 16 Kt x Kt 16 BP x Kt, 17 K-Rsq 17 Q-R5, IS P-B4 18 R-B3. 25c Black can also plav with advantage 15 B-Q2, 16 Kt-Kt3 16 R-Ksq, 17 Kt-B5 17 B x Kt, 18 P x B 18 Kt-K4, 19 Kt x Kt 19 BP x Kt+. (This is Bird's variation.) Table XXXVII.-EVANS GAMBIT. 57 P-K4 Kt-KB? B-B4 P-QKt4 1 P-K4 ^ Kt-QB3 d B-B4 4 B x P „ P-B3 _ P-Q4 -PxP _ 0-0 9 10 11 12 13 ' JB-B4 P x P ' B-Kt3 u P-Q3 31 32 33 34 35 36 P-Q5 Kt-lU QKt-K2? B-Kt2 P-K5? P-K5128 Kt-KB3 Kt-K2 27Kt-R3 Kt-Ktii 29 B-Kt5 B-Q3 ! 26 P-K6 Ki-B3 P-KG 30 Q-R4ch O-O _ CW) U-O _ PxP B-Q2 33 Kt-B3 P x Pch Kt-K4 P x P Q-Kt3 P-J33 ? ~lT7P PxP KKt-K2 Kt-Kt3 P-KR3 Kt-K2 Kt-Kt5 B x Kt Kt-Kt5 31 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 B-IU5 Kt x B P x B O-O Kt x P34-Kt-B4 35 -,1 Q-Q2 QB2 KtxP Kt-QB3! 32 Kt x Kt B-R3 14 K-Bsq ~~ Kt-K4 ! Kt-B4 Kt-K4 P x Kt _ Kt-Q5 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Q Kt5 Q x RPch Kt-Kt4 B-KtH P-Q6 Kt x Kt B xKt — K-Bsq K-Rsq P-B3 PxP B x Kt P x B Q-R8ch R-Ktsq Kt-R4 B x Pch PxP PxP Kt-Ktsq Q-R5 P-Q4 K-Bsq Q-B3 K-Pvsq Kt-R7ch R X B Kt x B B x Kt QR-Ksqch Kt-B5 ~ K-K2 RP x R Q x Kt R x J} K-Qsq R-KKtsq Kt-B3 Q-Rsqch B-R3 B-R3 P x Pch -f Kt-Ksq B-0,5 + P-133 _ QKt-Kt3 B-B3 Q x KtPch KKt x BP B-B2 -f QR-Qsq-f- Kt x <4 Kt-Kt2 R x Ktcli P-Kt3 K-Rsq Q-ivG R-Kt8dch -f R-Ksq + 26 If 11 P-K5 11 P x P, 12 B-R3 12 Kt x B, 13Q-R4ch 13 Q-Q2, 14 Q x Kt 14 Q x P, 15 Q x Q, 15 Kt x Q+. 27 If 10 Kt x B, 11 Q-Rlch 11 B-Q2, 12 Q x Kt 12 P x P, 13 Kt x P+. 28 If 10 B-Kt2 10 Kt-KB3, 11 B x Kt 11 1* x B, 12 Kt-Ql 12 P-KB4+. 29 If 10 PxP, 11 KtxP llKt-KB3, 12 B-Kt5oh 12 P-B3, 13 P x P 13 O-O, 14 B-R3 14 B x Pch, 15 K-Rsq 15 Q-IU3, 1G B x Kt+. 30 If 11 Kt-Kt5 11 KKt-K2. And if 11 B.-Kt2 11 P x P, 12 B x p 12 Kt-B3, 13 I! x Kt 13 Q x B, 14 R-Ksqch 14 K-Bsq. 31 If 13Kt-B3 13P-KR3. 32 If 14 Q-R5 14 P-KR3, 15 Kt-B7 15Q-Ksq!, 16 B-Kt2 16 P-Q4, 17 B x P 17 B x KP, 15 B x R 18 Q x B, 19 Kt x Pch 19 K-Kt2+. 33 If 11 Q-Q2, ]2B-QKt5 12 P-QB3, 13 P-KG 13 P x KP, 14 Q . x B 14 P x B, 15 P x P 15 Q-B2, 16 Q x P If, Kt-Kt3, 17 B-Kt2 + . 34 If 13 P x P, 11 P-QG 14 Q-B3-, 15 Kt-Kl 15 Q-Kl. 16 Kt-KU LG Q-B3, 17 LU-R5+. 35 If 13 Kt-Kt3, H B-R& 58 Table XXXVIII.— EVANS GAMBIT. P-K4 P-K4 P-B3 B-B4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 37 P-Q5 Q-B3? P x Kt QxPv B x Pch K-Bsq B xKt llxB Kt-Kt5 qTp Kt-QB3 Q-B5 Kt-Q5 K-Ksq Q-B5ch 38 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 PxP 39 B-K12 B^B4 Kt-K4? Kt x Kt P xKt Kt-Q2 Kt-K2 B-K3 + P-Kt3 Q x PvP + P-B3? P-K5 QPxP B xKt! Kxl Q-Kt3 Pv-Bsq P x P PxP Kt xP Kt xKt B xKt- B-B4 P xP B-Kt3 41 B-Kt5 P-Q5 39 Kt-B3 38 P-Q5 37 Kt-QKtsq38 Kt-Ki P-K5 _ B-Kt5ch ~ K-I3sq QKt-Q2 - PxP B-K3 B-Kt5 B-Ksq QKt-Q2 Kt x P + P-QKt4 BxP 0-0 P-Q3 42 KKt K2 Kt-Kt5 P^QT - PxP lvt-P4 P-Q6 KtxB PxKt Q-Q4 Kt-QB3 Kt x B 40 Kt x Q . Kt x Q KB x Kt P-QB3 Kt x B — HP x Kt — 36 If 9 Kt-"R4, 10 P-Q5 10 Kt-K2, we arrive at a similar position as when White plays 9 P-Q5 9 Kt-R4, 10 B-Kt2 10 Kt-K2. 37 If 10 P-K5 10 P x P, 11 B-R3 11 B-K3, 12 B x B 12 P x B, 13 Q-Kt3 13 Q-Q4+. 33 If 10 Kt-K2, 11 Kt-B3 11 0-0, 12 Kt-K2. 39 If 10B-Kt5 lOK-Bsq, and if 10 Q'-Kt3 10 Kt-R4, 11 B x Pch 11 K-Bsq 12 Kt-KBS, 13 Q-KKt5 13 B x Kt, 14 P-Ko 14 K x B, 15 P x B 15 R-Ksq, 16 Q x P+ 12 Q-Q5 16 P x Kt 40 If 14 Q XKt, 15Q-R4ch 15 P-B3/ 16 Q x Kt 16 B-R6, 17 P-Kt3 17 B x R, 18 K x B 18 Kx P, 19B-R3ch+. Table XXXIX.— EVANS GAMBIT. 59 P-K4 Kt-KB3_ B-B4 P-QKt4 1 P-K4 " Kt-QB3 d B-B4 4 B x P „ P-B3 . P-Q4 _ PxP _ 0-0 5 TT-cn 6 T5-7T5— 7 21 B-B4 PxP * B-Kt3 u P-Q3 43 44 45 46 47 48 Kt-B3 Kt-R4 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 B x Pch40« Kt-KKt5 41 P-K5 B-QKt5t K x B Kt x B PxP K-Bsq ! 43 B-Q2 45 P-K5 Q-R4ch B-K3 B x Kt P-K5 P-KK3 Q^Q2~~ ~~ B-Kt5 Kt-QR4 42 Px~B PxP P-Q5 Q x Kt Q-Kt3 P-Ksq P-K5 R-Ksq 46 B-KB4 P-KK3 ~" B-KK4 Kt x B B x Kt KKl-K2 P-K6ch Kt-B3 PxP Q-R4ch P x B P-Q-5 K-K2 Q-B3 ~~Kt-KKt5 P-B3 P~x~P Kt-Q5 Kt-KR4 Q-Q3 QRQsq Q x Kt B-R3ch B x Bch 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 9 q QR-Bsq I? x B Kt-K6 QKt-B4 B-R2 B-Kt5 Q-Bsq B-K3 Kt-K2 Q x B K-Rsq P-Q5 P-K6 R x P P x P Kt x P Kt-KB3 Q-Q2 ~~P-B3 Q-Q2 Q x Q 44 Q-B4 P-B4 Kt-Q4 Q-Kt5 R x Bch KR x Q Kt-Q3 Q-Ksq Kt-K2 ~ B-Kt3 P x R K-Ksq + R-Qsq P-B5 B-Q5 + Kt-K5 + B-R3 Kt-B5 R-Q2 Q-K2 R-K5 Kt-K4 Q-Kt3~ B-R3 Kt-B5 QKt-Kt5 B x Kt QR-Bsq B x B Kt-K6 " QKt-B4 R-B3 • Q-R4 f Q^R4 40a If 10 B-KKt5 10 P-KB3! 11 B-R4 11 Kt x B, 12 Q-R4ch 12 Q-Q2, 13 Q x Kt 13 Q-B2 14 Q-Q3 14 Kt-K2+. 41 If 10 B-Q3 10 Kt-K2, 11 P-Q5, we arrive at the same position as in column 15. 42 If 11 B x P, 12 Q-Kt3 12 B-K3, ]:!B»B 13 P x B, 14QxPch 14 Kt-K2, 15 Kt x B 15 P x Kt, 10 KR-Ksq 1G Kt-Ktsq, 17 Kt-Q5 17 Q-Q2, IS Kt x Kt+. 43 If 10 B x Kt, 11 P x B 11 K-Bsq, 12 Kt-K2. 44 If 15 B-Q5? 16 Q-B2 16 B x KP, 17 QR-Qsq 17 B-Q3, 18 Kt-K4+. 45 If 10P-QR3, 11 B-R4 11 Q-B3, 12 Kt -Q5 12 Q-Qsq, 13 Kt x B 13 P x Kt, 11 P-Q5 14 P-QKU, 15 P x Kt 15 P x B, 16 P x P ; . 46 If 12 P-Q5 12 Kt-Ktsq, 13 Kt x P 13 Kt-K2, 11 Q-Kt4 (12 Kt-IM, 13 B x Bch 13 Qx B, 14 Kt x P+-.) 60 Table XL-EVANS GAMBIT. 1 T> P-K4 P-K4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 49 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 Q-R4 47 B x Kt P-Q5 . B-Kt5 48 P x Kt P x P Q x Pch B^Q2 Q-Q5 B-K3 B-Kt5ch K-Bsq Q-Q3 Kt-K2 B-Kt5 P-KB3 B-K3 P-B4 P-KB4 B x B KP xB B-B4 — Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-Ql PxP 50 B-Q2! Q-Kt3 Kt-B4 B x Peh jTb^ Q-Q5? Kt-KB3 Q-KKt5 K x B P-K5 K-Ksq PxKt QxP Q-R5ch K-Ktsq Kt-KKt5 B-KB4 B-K3 P-B3 + B-B4 B-B4 P xP B-Kt3 P-QKt4 ITxP 0-0 P^Q3 P-B3 51 Q-B4 Kt-B3 Kt-Kt5ch K-Ktsq PxKt Q x P Q-B4 P-KE3 Kt-Q5 Q-B4 + 52 53 B-B4 54 P-KR3 P-Q5 Q-B2! 49 K x B P-K5 K-Bsq 50 P-Q5 Pv-Ksq! Q-Ksq Kt-QB3 P-K6 B-Kt5 Q-Kt3 Q-Ksq Kt-K4 P-K6 B-Kt4 Q-Kt3 E-Ksq Q xQ Kt-K2 P x Q Q-Q?q _ P x B Q-K4 Kt-BS QKt-Kt5 P-Q5 P-KR3 Kt-K4 Kt-B7 _ Kt x Kt K-KKtsq+ PxKt-f Q-B2 + Kt-lvB3 P-K6ch B~x~P P x Bch K7P B-Ksqcb 51 K-B2 Kt-KK4 Q-Q2 Q-Kt6oh K-Bsq Kt-B5 — 47 Mr. Fraser's attack. 48 If 11 Q-B3, 12 P x Kt 12,0-0-0, 13 Kt-Q5 13 Q-Kt3, 14 P x Pch+ 49 Mr. MortimeT's attack. 50 If 14 P-Kt3? 15 P-K3oh 15 P> x P, 16 Kt-Kt5ch 10 K-B3, 18 QKt-K4ch 18 K-K2, 19 Q-B3 19 Q-KBsq, 20 Q x R + . 51 If 18 Q-KtG 18 Q-KBsq, 19 B-Kt5 19 P-B3, 20 KR-Kaqch 20 K-Q2 + 17 P-Q5 17 B-KB4, Table XLI.-EVANS GAMBIT.-Part II. 61 P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-QKt4 r P-B3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 P-K4 " Kt-QB3 ,J B-B4 * B x P u 13-114 1 2 3 4 5 6 0-0 O T P Q3 P-Q4 P x P B-Q2 5 P x P Q-Kt3 P x P Kt-B3> 1 Q-B3 Q-K2 PxP P-K5 P-K5 P-K5 Q-Q5 P x P PxP PxP B-K3 Q-B3? Q-K2! Q-Kt3 R-Ksq 2 R-Ksq Q x Qch B-KKt5 B-R3 QxK KtxKt Q x B B x Pcli B-Kt4 Kt x P Q-K2 B-Q2 3 B-Q2 1 U x Q • Q-K3 Q-B3 P x P 4- B-KKto B-R3 4 B x B Q-Kt5 B-Kt5 Q-B4 Q-B3 P x B Q-Q3 B-Kt3 QxP Kt-KP B-Kt2 Q-Kt3 B x Kt R-Bsq O-U-O KVB3 Q-K43 B x B B-Q5 Kt x P QKtQ2— R Q>g QxKPcli R-Ktsq PxP ' CMJ — B-lJ-q 6 R x Pch Kt x QR KtxP K-Bsq B-Kt3 Q-K2 P-KB3 Q x Rch Q-B2 Kt x R + Kt-B?> Kt x Q Kt-R3 Kt-R3 Kt x Q Kt x P 4- P-R3 PxP O-O-O B-Kt3 4- QKtQJ— 1 B-Kt3 resolves the panic into the normal position. If 8 Q.-K2, !> P-Q5 Kt-K4, 10 Kt x Kt 10 Q x Kt, 11 Q-K-lch 11 B-Q2, 12 Q x KB 12 Q x R, 13 Kt-B3 and wins. 2 If10B-KKt5 10Q-B4 (if 10 Q-Kt3, 11 R-Ksq), 11 Kt x KP 11 Q x Kt! 12 B x lvh 12 K-Hsq. If 11 KtxKt, 12 R-Ksq 12 B-Kto, 13PB4 13 P x Pdisoh, 14 K-Bsq 14 B-Q5, 15 Kt x P 15 K-Bsq, 10 QR-Qsq 10 KtxB, 17 Q x Kt 17 B-K3, 18 Q x KB 15 P-KB3, 19 Kt-K4-f. 3 IflOKtRil, HB-KKt5 11 Q-B4, 12Q-R3+; and if 10 B-Kt3, 11 B-KKto 11 Q-B4, 12 Kd x KP 12 Kt x Kt, 13 P-B4 13 P x Pdisch, 14 K-Rsq 14 B-Q5, 15 Kt x P + . 4 White may play here 11 B-Q5 11 B-Kt3, 12 B x Kt 12PxB, 13 B-R3 13 Q-B3, 14 P x P+. 5 This variation is taken from the Cliess Player's Chronicle, which, I believe, is in- debted to the Rev. Sanders for this ingenious defense. 6 If 13 Kt-Qsq, 14 B x Kt, and if 13 B-KKt5, 14 B x Pch 14 Q x KB, 15 QxP. 7 If 15 R-Qsq 15 P-KB3, 16 Kt-B3 10 B-K7, 17 R-Ksq 17 B x Kt. 18 V x P. 18 O-O-O. 62 Table XLIL— EVANS GAMBIT.— Part II. 17 19 P-K4 1 P-K4 Kt-KB3 " Kt-QB3 B-B4 3 B-B4 P-QKt4 4 B x P 5 B-K4 0-0 D Kt - B3 7 8 9 10 11 12 r. Kf-Kt5 P-Q4 i o-o 8 P-B4 P-Q4! 9 P x QP Kt x P 10 B-Pv3 KtxKBP 1 1 K x Kt 8 (■J.X Kt 12 ll-Bsq B-Kt3eh 1 O K-Bsq Kt -K4 14 B x n Kt x B ir; BR 3 Kt x KP ? P-Q3 K-Ksq QR4 Kt x QBP 10 P-Q4 P x P Kt x Kt Pv x Kt P-K5 B x Kt P x K 14 Kt-KKt5 Q-Kt3 Kt-Kto RP x P B x KB 11 B-K3 15 B-Q2 Kt x BP B x Pch P-Q5 ? Q-W3 K x Kt K-Bsq B-Kt3 18 B-Kt3 B x Kch 9 B-Kt5 B-Kt3! B-KKt5 P- Q4 Ki-K4 B X Pv Kt x B B- B5 B x B P x B JS-K3 Q- Bsq Q xQ K x Q K x B Kt x P P-K6 P-B3 P-Kt3 Q-K3 12 P x B P x QP Q-Kt4 Kt-M! ~ P x Pch PxP K-Rsq Q-Pv3ch K-Bsq R-Ksqch B-K3 Kt-K2 Q x Qch Kt-K2 Q-B3 Kt x P B x Q B-B4 U-K3 + H ^ ii Q-Qsq P-Q3 ~ U-O-0 B-B2 -in P x B Q-R5ch Q-KB3 B-K2 + Kt-B3 K-Ktsq B x Pch " K-Bsq P x Kt K x B Pv x Kt Q-B3 + 14. B4 Q x Pv -j_g K x Q B-K6 Kt-Q5 + Qlt-Qsq+ B x Kt B x B Q-Q5eh 13 8 If 11P-R1 11 P-KR3, 12 Kt x F 12 R x Kt, 13 B x Rch 13 K xB, 14 P-Kt3 14B-Kt3ch, 15 P-Q4 15 Kt x P, 1G KiP x Kt 10 Kt-B7disch+. 9 If 12 Q-K13 12 Q-Ksq. 13 B x Rch 13 Q, x B, 14 Q x Qch 14 K x Q, 15 P-Kt3 15B-Kt3<:h, 1G P-Q4 10 B-RG, 17 R-B2 17 Kt x P, IS BP x Kt lSBxl", 19 P x Kt 19 B x QR, 20 P x Pch 20 K-K3 + . 10 If 8 Kt-Q3. 9B-KKt5 9 P-B3, 10 P x P 10 P x B, 11 P x Ktch 11 K-Bsq, 12 Q-Q5 12 Q-B3, 13 Kt x P, unci win*. 11 If 10 B x QR H B x Pch 11 K-Bsq, 12 B-Kto 12 Kt-K2, 13 Kt x P 13 P-Q4, 14 Q-K.B3 14 B-B4 15 B-K6, mid should win. 12 If 13 Q-R3ch 13 B-Kt5, followed by 14 P-B4+. 13 Continued 23 K-Kt3 20 K-Ksq, 21 R-Qsq 21 Q x R, 22 Q x Q 22 Kt x Bch, 23 K-Kt4 23P-KKt3, 24Q-Q5 + . 14 Black should here play 9 P x B, and although he gets a somewhat cramped game, we believe he is safe. 15 If Iff 0-0 11 Q-R5 11 P-KR3, 12 Kt x P 12 R x Kt, 13 B x Rch 13 K-Bsq, 14 B-R3ch 14 Kt-K2, 15 B-Kt3 and wins. 16 If 11 Q-Q2, 12 Q-Q2 12 O-O-O, 13 P x B, and White has a splendid game. Table XLIII.— EVANS GAMBIT.— Part II. 63 P-K4 n Kt-KB3 „ 15-154 P-QKt4 8 9 10 11 12 13 l'-K4 " Kt-QB3 15-154 ^ BxP r P-B3 „ O-O „ P-Q4 o " B-R4 Kt-B3 ' O-O 13 14 15 16 17 18 PxP Q B2 KtxP(c) KKt x P P-Q3? Q-K2? KlxKP Q-B2.(«) B-Q5 B-R3 PxP PxP B-Q5! P-Q4 KtxQBP P-Q3 QKt x P QKt x P JitxKtl7 R-Qsq Kt x Kt Q-B2 Kt x Kt Kt xKt B x Kt B7K3 B x Kt ~ Kt-B4 P x Kt Q x Kt Kt-Kt318 B-K3 Kt-Kt5 15 x Kt BR3 B-Q3 Q-R5 1M54 Kt xP ~ P x B Pv-Ksq Kt-Kt5 B-Kt3 19 B x P Q-R5 QKt-Q2 R-Qsq P-K13 B-Kt5 P-Q3 ? B-B3 P x P P-Q3 QKt x P Q-B2 Kt x Kt Kt-B4 P x Kt B x Kt B R3 P x B Pv-Ksq QKt-Q2 R-Qsq R-Ktsq Kt-Q2 QR-Qsq Q-Kt3 Q-K2 Q-B3 KR-Ksq K-Q3 P-QKt4 Q-KKt3 B-Q3 Q-R4 P-KB3 -f B-Kt3 Pv-B3 + B x B P-KK3 K-Ktsq Kt-Q2 B-Kt3 Q-Ksq P-154 P-B4 QPv-Qsq Q-Kt3 Kt-Pv3 Kt-Q2 Kt-Kt5 B x R Q-K2 Q-B3 P-Q4 Q-K3 Q-Kt2 P x Kt KR-Ksq K-Q3 B-KB4 P-KB 1VB5 Q-K2 ~ P-QKt4 Q^KKt3 QTrI P-KB B-Bsq Kt x P B-Q3 Q-R4 P-R4 B-Q3 Kt x BP Q-B4ch P-KR3 + B-Kt3 P-KR3 P-Q4 j r> K x Kt K-Rsq R-B3 -f K-Kt2 QR-Ksg B-KL3ch Q x KB " P-Kt4 Q^Q3 i n K-Ksq Kt x Pch+(6) P-B3 _ R-B3 -f- B x Kt P x B io R x Q P x Kt QR x R + Q x KtP 19 20 R x P Q-KUch K-B3 P-KR4 + 17 If 9 Kt or B x QBP White replies 10 Kt x BP. 18 If 10 Kt-B3, 11 P-Q5 11 Kt-K2, 12 P-QG 12 P x P, 13 B-R3+. 19 If 11 P-QB3, 12 BR?, 12 R-Ksq, 13 B-B2 13' P-Q4, 14 P-KB4 + . (a) If 9 Q-Q5 9 Kt x QBP, 10 Q-Q3 10 P-Q4, 11 B-Kt3 ll;Kt x Kt, 12 R x Kt, 12 Kt-K2+; or if 'J Q-Q3 9 Kt-B4, 10 Q-Qo 10 lCt-K3+. (6) The above variation is taken from the sixth edition of the German Handbuch. (c) Richardson's attack. 64 Table XLIV.— EVANS GAMBIT. P-K4 „ Kt-KB3 „ B-B4 , P-QKt4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 P-K4 " Ki-yiib B-B4 a x p 5 ., ,., 6 ^, ,,o 7 B-K4 u Kt-B3 ' O-U 19 20 21 22 23 24 KtxP! Kt x Kt ? Kt x KP Kt x KP P x Kt B-R3 Kt x BP Kt x P P-Q3 B x Kt Q-Q5 Kt x Kt B x Kch B x P P x Kt K x B Kt x B Q-R4 P-Q5 Kt x Kt B x P Kt-K'2 21 Kt-K4 Q-B3! Kt x B Q-R4 22 Q-Q4 P-Q4 Kt-R5? Kt x Kt BxF Q-R5 PxPraps+ Q-KKt3 Q x BP Kt x B E-Ksq K-l&q lt-Ktsq Kt x Kt Kt-Kt5 B-KKto B x Pch Q-QB4 Q x Kt QTKsq E~x~B KKt x P QKt x P Q7 PvPch KR-K=q Q x Kt — B-Kt5 B-Q2 _ K-Bsq Kt-Kto 20— P-B3 ~ P-QKt4 Kt-B3 B-Q3 KR-Ksq Q-Kt3 Q -B3 Q-K3 K-Kt8 ! Q-H5! 23 P-Q3 Q-B4 B x Kt B x Kt B-B4 + P-KR3 Kt x B Q-QB5 B-BG Q-KR4 QxQ K-Ktsq K-B2 P x Q + Q Kt3 E-K3 P-Kt3 P-KR3 2Q BxP+ QR-Ksq + 20 Usually given as a level game, but I think most players would prefer Black's position. 21 If 11 Kt-Ktsq, 12 P-Q 6 12 PxP, 13 R-Ksq 13 B x P. 14 R x Kt! 14 B x R, 15 Q-R5ch 15 K-Bsq, 1G B-Kt5 1C B-B3, 17 B x B 17 P x B, 18 Q-R6ch+. 22 If 12 Q-R5ch 12 K-Ktsq, 13 P-Q6 13 P x P+. 23 If 1G Kt-K7ch, 17 K-Rsq 17 P-B3, 18 Q-B3ch, and wins the Knight. Table XLV.-EVANS GAMBIT. 65 P-K4 1 P-K4 Kt-KB3 o B-B4 6 B-B4 - «? '-< l K t 1 J Kt -QB3 ; x l" P-B3 B-K4 a P-Q4 6 PxP 25 26 27 28 29 30 0-0 ' P x P 24 P-QG B x P p Q-Kt3 / Q-K2 Q-Kt3 Q-K2 35 Kt x r Q-B3 P x Kt P-K5 25 y Q-Kt3 26 Kt x P P-K5 QKt3 Q-Kt5 33 Kt x P Q-B3 36 ir . Kt x P 1U KKt-K2 27 B x Pch K-Qsq QKt-Q2 Kt x Ktch P-K5 Kt x P 11 Kt-K2 - L - L P-Kt4 28 R-Ksq P-Kt4 B-R3 R-QKtsq32 B-Kt5ch Kt x Kt KKt-K2 34 K-Qsq Kt x Kt Q x Kt 1 B-Q3 29 1 J Q-K3 Kt x P Kt-QKt5 P-QR3 Kt-Q5 Q x Q R-Ksq Q-Bsq B x Poh R-QKtsq K-Bsq iJ Kt-Kt3 Kt-R4 Q-R4 31 QKt-Q4 P-Kt4 PxQ Kt-K5 P-Q4 B-R3eh + B-K13 4 Kt-B4 - 1 * Kt x Kt R-K4 Kt x Kt KR-Bsq B x P at Q5 P-Kt4 Kt x Kt P-KR3 B-K3 1 > B X Kt itj P-KR3 30 B-K2 B-Q5 P-Kt5 R x Kt P x B B x B P x B Q-R3 1ft QK-Bsq 1D P-R3 Q-QR3 P-Pv3 B-Kt2 Kt-K2 Kt x B BP x Kt Q x KtP -f 1 - K Pv-Qsq - 1 ' B-Kt2 Kt-Q4 B-B4 II x KtP -f B-Kt5 B-Kt2 -. q Q-Ktsq 10 K-Qsq + Q-Q3 Kt x Kt QR-Qsq B-Kt3 + 19 20 R x Kt Q-Kt2 Kt-B3 P-R3 + For Notes see next page. 66 Table XLV. continued.— EVANS GAMBIT. Notes to page 65. 24 The Compromised defense. 25 In the match between Zukertort and Steinitz the latter plaved 9 BKKt5 and the same was continued— 9 Q-Kt3, 10 Kt x P 10 B x Kt. HQxB 11 Kt-B3, 12 B-Q3 12 O-O, etc. The correct continuation from move 11 is P-B3, 12 B-B4 12 P-Q3+. 26 If9KtxP, lOR-Ksq 10 P-Q3, 11 Q-R4ch 11 K-Bsq, 12 Kt x Kt 12 P-B7, 13 Kt-Kt6eh+. 27 If 10 B x Kt, 11 Q x'B 11 KKt-K2, 12 Kt-Kt5 12 O-O, 13 B-Q3 13 Q-R4, 14 B x Pch 14 K-Rsq, 15 P-B4 15 P-Q3, 16 B-K4 16 B-B4, 17 B-B3 17 B-Kt5, 18 Q-Q3 18 Kt-Kt3, 19 P-K6+. 28 This counter gambit is the key move of the defense; if he plav instead 11 O-O, White gets the advantage bv 12 B-Q3 12 Q-K3, 13 B x Pch 13 K-Rsq, 14 Q-R4 14 P-Q3, 15 Kt-B4 15 Q-Q2, 16 P-K6 16 P x P, 17 Kt-Kt5 17 P-K4, 18 QIU-K6 18 R-B3, 19 Q-KR4 19 R-R3, 20 Kt-B7ch+. 29 Taking the Pawn with either Bishop or Queen is inferior. 30 If 15 P-QR3, 16 QR-Bsq 16 B-Kt2, 17 KR-Qsq 17 B-Kt3, IS B-K4 18 Kt-R4, 19 Kt-Kt5 19 Q-K2, 20 B x B 20 Kt x B, 21 Q-K2+. 31 If 13 Q-Kt5, 14 Q-R4 14 K-Qsq, 15 Kt-KB3 15 B x R, 16 Kt x B 16 P-QR3 + . 32 If 11 P-Kt4? 12 Kt x P 12 R-QKtsq, 13 B x Kt 13 K x B, 14 Q-R3ch 14 B-Kt-5, 15 Q-K3 15 K Qsq, 16 Kt-Kt5 16 K-Bsq, 17 QR-Qsq+. And if 11 O-O, 12 QR-Qsq 12 P-IU4, 13 Kt x P 13 R-Ktsq, 14 Q-K3 14 P-QR3, 15 QIU-Q4+. 33 If 9 B x Kt, lOQxB 10 Kt-B3, 11 B-R3 11 P-Q3, 12 P-K5 12Kt-K5, 13 Q-Kt2 13 QKt x P, 14 Kt x Kt 14 Q x Kt, 15 KR-Ksq + . 34 If 11 Kt-B3, 12 Kt-Q.5 12 Q x Q, 13 P x Q 13 P-KR3, 14 B-R4 14 R-Bsq, 15 B-Kt6 15 P-Q3 16 P-K5 16 P x P, 17 KR-Qsq 17 B-Q2, 18 Kt x Kt 18 P x Kt, 19 B-B5 + . 35 If8Q-B3, 9R-Ksq 9P-Q3, 10 P-K5 10 P x P, 11 B-KIU5 11 Q-Q3, 12 B x Pch 12 K-Bsq, 13 QKt-Q2 13 B-Kt3, 14 Kt-B4 14 B-K3, 15 B x Li 15 Q x B, 16 KKt x P+. 36 If 9 Q-K2, 10 B-R3 10 Q-B3, 11 P-K5 11 Q-IU3, 12 Kt-Kt5+. Table XLVI.-EVANS GAMBIT DECLINED. 67 9 Kt-QB3 B-B4 B-B4 P-QKt4 B-Kt3 ! I P-QBJ ! P-Kt5 KFR4~~ 0-0 P-Q4 5 Kt x P FQ3 B x F Q-Kt4 ! Q-K2 P-R5 Kt x B B x Peli Kt x BP O-O P-Q3 B-B2 Kt x Kt K-K21 Q x KtP P-Q3 P-Q3 P-Kt5 0-0 B x Kt ll-Bsq P-Q3 B-K3 P x P F-Q3 Q x Kt Q x KPuii P-R5 Kt-B3 B x KtP P-B4 B-Q5 Q-K2 B-R2 Kt-K2 KKL-K2 B-K;i P-B3 ! -4- Q x Qeh -I rv B-KK15 O-O P-Q4^ I? x B K x Q Q-K2 ~~ P-B3 —3 P7P~~ Kt x B Kt x B 11 O-O — KtxP— P-B5 Kt x 11 Kt-Qsq2 B-Q2 4— Kt-Ki4 P-Q4 -j O Kt-B3 — P-Q3 " P-K3 6— Kt-Q3 7 1 This is the best way to decline the Gambit. 2 From a game in the Paris Tourney, Bird v. Rosenthal 3 From a consultation game, Blaekburne and Potter against Steinitz and Zuker- tort. 4 From a game, Anderssen v. Paulsen. Mr. Waytc says Anderssen's attack, of which this is a model, is too impetuous, as it feaves'White with Pawns need lessly weakened for the end game. 5 Mr. Steinitz says:— This attack was tried by Anderssen against Paulsen in the match at Leipsig alter the QR.P had already been pushed to R5, and the Black Bishop was driven back to K2. 6 From a game in the Paris Tourney, Zukertort v. Ehglisch. 7 The Handbuch continues, 13 R-Ktsq 13 K-Bsq, 14 B-Kt2 llk't-Bi, 15 Kt-B3 15KKt-K2 + . 68 Table XLVII -EVANS GAMBIT DECLINED. 11 12 PxKt P-B3 P x P " K-Bsq P-Q5 P x Kt 13 H x Q B x Pv B x Li B-Q3 K-K2 B-Kt7 — B-K3 Q-Q3 0-0 B-Kt5 P-Q4 B xKt Q x B P x P B-Kt5ch -f Kt x P Kt x QP B-Kt5eh P-QB3 Kt x QBP B x Kt B x Kt Q-Kt3 Q-R4di Q x B Q-K2o.h B-K3 B-K3ch+ Kt-B3 -f Kt x Kt B xKt -| o Q x Quh B-Q3 0-0 Kt x Q. K-K2 Q-Kt3 B x R B-Kt7 — . P-Kt3 -4- P-Q4 9 + B-K3 8 In a game, Minchin v. Wayte, Mr. Minehin introduced 6 B-K2, with the object of gaining an advantage of position by confining the Black Kt. 9 From a game, Berber v. Goring, see Chess Player's Chronicle, August, 1878, p. 175. 10 Or 9 R-KKtsq, 10 B x Pch 10 K x B, 11 B x P 11 B-Kt5. See game, Zukertort v. Wayte, Chess Player's Chronicle, January, 1877, p. 9, and a game, same number, p. 11, Minchin v. Wayte. 11 Black mav also play 4 P-QKt4? 5 B x Pch 5 K x B, 6 P x B 6 P-Kt3, 7 P-Q4 7 P x P, 8 Kt x P 8 Q-B3, 9 B-Kt2+. 12 This variation of the Evans declined may be found most elaborately worked out in Gossip's Theory, p. 108. White may also play 5 B x P, or 5 B-Kt5* First— 5 B x P 5 Kt x P, 6 B-Kt3 6 IU-KB3, 7 Q-K2 7 O-O, 8 0-0 S B-Kto, 9 B-Kt2 9 Q-K2=. Or, Second -5 B-Kt5 5 PxP! 6 P x B C P x Kt, 7 B x Ktch 7PxB, SPxP 8 Kt-K2+.- 69 SECTION X. THE FOUE KNIGHTS' GAME, and THE THREE KNIGHTS' GAME. P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 1 P-K4 2 Kt-QB3 3 " This continuation has attained considerable popularity within the last three years, and was frequently adopted in the Paris Tourney, 1878. The most frequent form it assumes is known as the Double lluy Lopez, which occurred in the late match between Rosenthal and Zukertort. It should be pointed out to the student, that the Opening known as The Four Knights' Game may occur by several transpositions of which we give four examples: — 2 Kt-KB3 2 Kt-QB3, 3 Kt-QB3 3 Kt-KB3 2Kt-KB3 2Kt-KB3, 3 Kt-QB3 3 Kt-QB3 2 Kt-QB3 2 IU-QB3, 3 Kt-KB3 3 Kt-KB3 2 Kt-QB3 2Kt-KB3, 3 Kt-KB3 3 Kt-QB3 In addition to the continuation, as in the first example for Black, 3 Kt-KB3, which constitutes the Four Knights' Opening, Black may play 3 P-KKt3 3 B-B4, 3 B-Kto, or 3 P-Q3, which will be found analyzed in the last Table of this Section. The debut is one of the safest, but at the same time in its soundest variations one of the dullest openings on the board. P-K4 Kt-KB3 J- ~d \r i — First 1 P-K4 1 T-K4, Second 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, Third 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, Fourth 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, P-K4 * Kt-QB3 Columns 3 Kt-B3 B-Kto 4 B-Kto Kt-B3 1-9 4 B-B4 10-12 4 P-QR3 13-18 4 Kt-Q5 19-22 4 P-Q4 23 Kt x P 24 3 Kt-B3 P-KKto 25-20 3 B-B4 27-2." 3 B-Kto 29 3 V fV3 30 P-O.3 70 Table XL VIII.— THE POUR KNIGHTS' GAME. l 2 3 4 5 6 ] P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 4 B-Kt5 B-Kt5I 5 0-0 0-0 6 Kt-Q5 13- B4 Kt x Kt B-K-2 7 P-Q41 Kt x Kt Kt x QP P xKt P-Q3 P xP B xP Kt-Q5 9 P-Q3 8> P x B B-Kt5 Kt x QKt Kt x B Kt xP Kt-K3 10 Kt-B3 K- ■Kbq B xKt QKt x Kt Kt x B Kt-Q5 9 B x Kt 2 B-Ksq! 4 B-Kt5 B-Kt5 P-QB4 B-B4 QP x B Kt-K4 5 P-B3 Kt x B Kt-Q.o P-B3 lO- Q x Q KxQ KKt x Kt KtxKtch P x Kt P-KR4 P-Q3 P-QD3 P-B3 It x Kt P-Q3 Kt x Ktch ll B-Kt5 K-Ksq P-KB4 B-KK6 + PxP PxP Kt-B3 Kt x Ktch Q x Kt Pv x B B-K3 12 B x Kt Kt x Ktch K x Kt Q x Kt B-K13 P x JJ3 Q x Kt P-B3 7 B-QB4 Q-Q2 13 p x E E-K.t6 li-P x B 8 P-Q4 B x P Q-K2 Q x P P-Q4 14 * P-K5 P-QB3 6 B x Q + P x B — P xP — ■ P x Pll 1 Mr. Blackburne's attack. 2 Stcinitz commends 9 Q-Q3 9 Q-K2, 10 B-K8 10 P-Q3, 11 Kt-Q2. 3 First game in the match, Zukertort v. Rosenthal — drawn game. 4 Proposed by Rosenthal and Zukertort. 5 9 P-Q3? on account of 10 Q-Q2. 6 (If 14 P-Q4, 15 P x P en pas, followed bv P-Q7 threatening R-K8ch) 15 B-Q3 15 P-Q4, 16 P x P en pas 16 B-KKt5=. 7 If 12 P x R, 13 B x P followed by Q-R5, winning easily. If 13 P-: continued 8 If 13 Q-R4, 14 Kt-B6ch, followed by Q-R5 not retake on account of Kt x Rch. 14 B x P, and the R can 9 Or 7 Kt-K2, 8 Kt x P 8 Kt x P, 9 P-QB3, with a slightly better game, 10 OrSBxKt 8PxB, 9 IU-K3 9 P-B4, 10 P-QKt3 10 Kt-Ksq, 11 B-Kt2 11 P-B4, 12 P x P 12 B x P, 13 Kt-Q2+. 11 From the third game in the match, Zukertort v. Rosenthal. The notes to this Table, and the variations in Cols. 2, 3, 4 and 5, are from the Chess column of the Field, edited by Herr Steinitz, 9 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Table XLIX.— THE FOUR KNIGHTS' GAME. 71 7 8 9 10 11 12 P-K4 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kt-Qb3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 B-Kto B-Kt5 B7B4 Kt-Q-5 Kt x P 16 KtxKt? B-B4 KtxKtp7 P x Kt P-B3 13 P-Q4 Kt-Q5 " Kt x P TUp B-Kt5 Kt x Kt P-Q4 P-B4I18 P x Kt P x Kt P x P QKt-Kt5 Kt x P Q-Kt4! PxP P-K5 Q-Q4 Q-Kt4 Q-K2ohl2 QKt x P B-Ktoch ? B-K2 " Kt x Kt Kt x Kt K-Qsq Kt x Kt K-Bsq PxKt— P x Kt QxB Q-B3 P-QB3 B-K.2! KtxBP— B-K2 " KtxJi" ^ < v R Ksqch 0-0 B-KB4 P-KG — Q x Kt K-Q=q " P x Kt ! Kt-Q3 B^B3 — IMJ 1 1 R ' K4 Kt-B5 B-Q3 B-B4 " 04) " (M) iO P-Q3 Q x P P-KR4 -f P-KR3 K-Ksq 14 IQ B-KB4 J- B-Q3 ^ Q-B3 15 12 If 8 Q-B3, 9 0-0 0-0, 10 B x P + . 13 Introduced by Dr. Fleissig at the Leipsig Tourney, 1877, in a game against Heir Englisch. 14 If 12 Q-Kt3, 13 Q x Kt 13 QxB, 14 B-R6 + . 15 Continued 14 B xKt 14 R-K4, 15Q-B1 15 P-Q4, 16 B x I>, 16 Q x Kt, 17 Q x B 17 K x B=. 16 Herr Zukertort recommends 5 0-0. 17 If 5 B x Pch? 6 K x B 6 Kt x Kt, 7 P-Q4, and White has the better game 18 If 7 P x Kt? 7 B x P, S Kt-K'2 S Q-K2, and Black wins a Pawn. 72 Table L.— THE FOUR KNIGHTS' GAME. 13 14 15 16 17 18 P-K4 9 10 11 P-.K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 P-QR3 B-E4 B x Kt 23 B-Kt5 B-B4 0-0 0-0! O-O P-QKt4 Kt-Q5 B-Kt3 B-B4 P-Q3 P-Q4 20 P-QR4 Kt x QP K-QKtsq Kt x QKt P x P KtxKt+ P xP 21 Q-K2 P-Kt5 Kt-Q5 — QP x B Kt xP Kt x P Kt x Kt Q-Q5 0-0 Q x KKt R-Ksq B-K3 P-Q4 Q-Q4 Q-KB4 B-Kt5 B-Kt5 O-O 22- K-Q2! pTR3 B^Q3~ lO Q-Q2 Q-Q3 P-KKt4 Pv-Ksq " B-Q3 K-Q2 " Q-Q4 iq P-QK13 24 P-QKt3 B-B4 Q-Q2 K-Bsq " QR-Ksq K-Ksq TmT -ia P-QB4 P-QB4 P-QB4 P-QB4 Q-Q2 25 Q-KB426 K-Bsq 27 QxBP28 20 This move is unsound. P-B3 might be better, but Columns 1 to 9 should be thoroughly studied in connection with this variation— the only difference in the position being that Black has driven the White Bishop to QR4. 21 From a game in the Paris Tourney, Blackburne v. Zukertort. 22 Played in the tie match for the first prize in the Paris Tourney, between Zu- kertort and Winawer. 23 The Ranken variations, from an article in the diets Player's Chronicle, Decem- ber, 1879. 24 13 Kt-B3 is weak, as Black can replv 13 B-QKt5, as pointed out in the Brighton. Herald, 17th April, 1SS0. 25 Continued, 15 QR-Qsq 15 B-KB4, 16 P-B3 16 B x Kt, 17 P x B 17 B-Q3, 18 B-B4+ Or 15 B-K2, 16 B x B 16 R x B, 17 K-B5+. 26 White obtains the better game by 15 QR-Qsq. .27 Again, 15 QR-Qsq gives White the better game. '.28 Continued, 15 Kt-B6ch 15 K-Rsq, 16 QR-Bsq 16 Q-Kr4, 17 P-QR4 17QxRP 18Q-Q3 18P-KKt3, 19 Q-KR3 19 P-KR4, 20 Kt x P 20 B x KtP, 21 B-B6ch, and wins. Table LI.-THE FOUR KNIGHTS' GAME. 73 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 19 20 21 22 23 24 P-E i l'-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 B- Kt5 P-Q4__ KtxF?32 K7-Q5 li-Kto! 31 Kt x Kt Kt x P 29 v - ( ^ P "Q^ Kt x KP! Kt-K2 Kt-lvto Kt x Kt B-B4 Kt x P P-K5 Q-K2! Q-Kt4 ^-Q 3 Kt-Ktsq 0-0 B x Pch Kt x BP Kt-Kt4 Kt-B8 B-QB4 Q x Kt K-K2 QxKtP P-Q4 Kt x KP P-QB3 R-Ksq — Kt-Q5ch R-Bsq Kt-K3 Q-Q* Q-B3 B-K2 — K-Qsq P-Q4 KtxKBP B x Ktcli P-Q4 Kt-KKt4 B x P K x Kt P x B — F x Pen p. Q-B4+30 B-KK15 Q-Boeh Kt-KB3— Kt-B3 B x Kt K-Ksq Q-K2ch Kt-Bbch P x B + K-Q2 + B x Kt B x B 29 5 Kt x Kt would obviously be bad, but 5 B-B4 is possibly the strongest continu- ation. 30 Played in a same between Messrs Wavte and Ranken, published in the Field. March, 1880. 31 Or 4 P x P. 5 Kt x P 5 B-Kt5„ 6 Kt x Kt 6 KtP x Kt, 7 Q-Q4 7 Q-K2, 8 B-Q3 8 P-Q4, 9 0-0 9 B x Kt, 10 P x B 10 P x P„ 11 R-Ksq + . 32 Mr. Gossip says this is a favorite Attack with the Leipsig players. 74 Table LII— THE THREE KNIGHTS' GAME. 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 3 Kt-B3 P-KKt3 B-B4 B-Kt5 P-Q3 4 P-Q4 P xP Kt x P Kt x Kt ! Kt-Q5 B-Kt5 B x Pch Kt-Ii3 P-QK3 5 Kt x P P-Q4 K x B Kt x B B-E4 B-Kt2 B-Q3 Kt x Kt Kt x Kt B-Q2 6 B-K3 KKt,-K2 P x Kt P-Q4 Kt-Kt3 4 P-B3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 B x P P x P 7 Q-Q2 B-QB4 B-Q2 B-QB4 B-Kt5 — Kt xP 0-0 P-Q3 Kt-B3 P-Q3 — Kt-B3 8 0-0-0 P-Q3 0-0 B-Q3 — E-Bsq B-K3 0-0 0-0 1 P-Q3 3 — B-K2 9 B-K2 B-K3 P-B4 B x B p_KR3 — Kt-R4 P x B O-O 6 — 10 P-B4 + B-Q3 — Q-Kt45-f P-Q4 2 — 1 Mr. Gossip gives 8 Kt-K4, 9 B-K2 9 P-KB4, 10 B-KKto, with an excellent opening. 2 From a game in the Vienna Tourney, Rosenthal v. Steinitz, 3 From a game in the Boston Tourney, Ranken v. Thorold. 4 If 6 Q-B3ch, 7 K-Ksq or 7 K-Ktsq 7 Kt-Kt5, 8 Q-Q2 8 Kt-K2, 9 P-K5+. 5 Gossip's Theory continues:— If 10 Q-R5ch, 11 Q x Q 11 Kt x Q. 12 K-Kt3 12 Kt-Kt3, 13 Kt-Kt5 13 K-Q2, 14 R-B7, with a marked superiority. 6 From a game, Minchin v. Ballard. 75 BOOK II. KINGS BISHOPS OPENING. P-K4 9 B-B4 1 P-K4 This instructive method of commencing the game was the classical debut of Philidor's era. It is now seldom adopted, recent authorities preferring the King's Knight's Opening, which gives the first player a more enduring attack, and greater scope for combination. Black has four lines of play at his command: — First 2 Kt-KB3 King's Knight's Defense Col. 1- Second 2 B-B4 Two Bishop's Opening " 13-24 Third 2 P-KB4 Calabrois Counter Gambit " 25-30 Fourth 2 P-QB3 " 10-12 76 'able LIII.— KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 l P-K4 P-K4 B-B4 Kt-KB3 Kt-KB31 Kt x P! 2 Kt-B3 Kt x Kt QP x Kt P-KB3 0-0 P-Q3 Kt-R4 P-KKt3! P-B4 Q-K2 P-B5 P-KKt4 Q-R5ch K-Qsq Kt-B3 3 Q-Ksq -f- Q-K2 ! 4 R-Ksq P-Q3 Kt-B4 "KtTB3 P-B4 J3-Q2 Q-B5ch K-Qsq Kt-Kt6 Q-Ksq B-Q3 B-K2 + P-B3 Pv x P5 P X Pv B-KKt5 Q-Q3 Q-K2 . B-K2 R-Qsq 6 Q-B2 B x B P-Q4 Kt xP B-K3 Kt-Kt6 PxKt ' Q x B P-Kt4 Pv-Qsq P x B RxQ B x Pv Ktx P B x Kt Q x Bch K-B2 Q-B5ch 8 Q-B4 Q-K2 Q x B7 P-Qi Kt x P PxB •" Q-Boch P-Kt3 Kt x KtP Q x B R-Ksqch K-Q2 Q x Q P x Kl 9 P-Q3 ? 10 Ktx P Q-K2 B x Pch K-Qsq 0-0 Q x Kt B-Ksq Q-B3 11 R-K8ch K-Q2 Q-Kt4ch K^B3 B-Q5eh ! K x B Q-K4ch K^Bl B-K3eh K-Kt4 P-R4cli + 8 9 10 11 See also " Petroff's (Counter Attack." For 3 Kt-B3, see "Two Knights' Defense." If 11 Kt-Kt6 11 Q-Ksq, ]2 Q-R3 12 Q x Kt, 13 P x Q 13 B x Q, 14 P x B 14 P x P+. If 6 P-KKt3, 7 R-Ksq 7 P-Q3, 8 Kt-Kt5 8 P x Kt, 9 B.x Peh+. The variations arising from 8 R.x P are taken from an analysis contributed by Mr. W. T. Pierce to the Iluddersfield College Magazine, Vols." 6 and 7. If 11 B x B 11 Q x B, 12 Kt x P 12 P-KKt3, 13 R-Ksq 13 P-Q4. 14 Kt x KtP 14 Q x Q, 15 R x Q 15 K-B2, 16 Kt x Rch 16 K-Bsq, 17 B-Q3 17 B-Q2, IS B x P 18 K-Kt2, 19 R-K7ch 19 K x Kt, 20 P-KB4 20 P-QB4, 21 P-B5. If 16 Q-BSch 16 K-B2, 17 Q x R 17 P x B, 18 Q-QB8 IS P-R4, 19 P-KKt4 19 P-QKt4, 20 R-Q4 20 P-Kt4, 21 R-Q8 21 P-Kt5, 22 R-R8=. And White can at least draw. Ifl6R-Qsqch 16 K-K3! 17 Q x Pch 17 K-K2! 18 R-Ksqch IS K-Q2, 19 Q-B7ch 19 K-Q3, 20 Q-B6ch + . Black may also play 5 B-K2, 6 Kt x P 6 0-0, 7 0-0, etc. If 9 B-Kt5, 10 R x Q 10 B x Q, 11 B-Kt5ch 11 K moves. 12 R x B + . Table LIV.— KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING. 77 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 P-K4 P-K4 w> B-B4 Kt-KB8 — P-QB3? 3 P-Q4 PxP! P-B4 2 P-Q4 P-Q3 P-Q4 Q-K2 P-Q4 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 4 P-K5 P-Q4 P x QP 3 P x P P xP Kt x P P-B4 Px P Kt-QB3 B-B4 4 P-Q4 5 B-K13 Kt-K5 P-Q4 B-KKt5 Kt-KB3 B-KKt5 P-K5 Kt-Q4 P x P B x Kt P xKP Kt x P 6 Kt-K2 B-QB4 1 KtKB3— KtxP — 0-0 — P-QB3 — P-Q4 B-K2 R x B B-Q3 — P-Q4 P-KB4- 7 P-KB3 Kt-Kt4 B x Kt P x P e. p. 0-0 B-R5ch 8 Kt x P — Kt-K3 — P-Kt3 P-Ko K-Ksq PxP 9 B xPch K x B P-Q4 + 10 Q-B3ch 4- 1 6 P-QB4 is usually recommended; but White gets a good game bv breaking up the Pawns by 7 P-QB3! 2 Leading to variations similar to the King's Knight's Defense to the Bishop's Gambit. 3 Or4BPxP 4 KtxP, 5 Q-B3 5 Q-R5ch. 6 P-KKt3 6 Kt x KtP. 7 P x Kt 7 Q x P. 8 Kt-B3 8 B-K3, 9 P-Q3 9 Q-B3, 10 B-Kt5 10 P-Q.">, and Black has the advantage . 4 If 4 P-Q3, 5PxP 5PxP, 6Kt-KB3 6 B-Q3 (6 B-KKt5 would be better), 7 P-Q4 7 P x P, 8 P-K.3 8 0-0, 9 0-0 9 R-Ksq, 10 Kt-Kt5 10 R x P, 11 Kt x BP HRxQ, 12 Kt xQdisch+. 78 Table LV.-KPNG-'S BISHOP'S OPENING. 13 14 15 16 17 18 P-K4 P-K4 B-B4 B-B4 P-QB3 1 S Kt-KB3 """ Q-Kt4 " P-Q4 6 P-Q4 Q-B3 5 B x P7 FTP • Q-Kt3! Kt-KB3 Kt x B ! r P-K5 Kt-K2 Q-B3 ! 8 P x Kt ° P-Q4 2 Q-K2? " P-Q3 " 0^5~~ " P-B4 n B-QKt5eh P x Kt P x P P -Q4 P-Q4 Kt-K2 " B^Q2 P x B " B-Kt5ch B-Kt3 " PTP iM) 7 9 B x Bch Q-R5 K-Bgq! P xP B-Kt5 P-Q4 KKt x B O-O " Kt-K5 PxP " FTP P-K5 P x P Q x B Q-Kt4 Kt-Kt3 B x Kt Q-Kt3 B-Kt5ch li-Ksqcli i'-KB4 4 Kt-KB3 P-B7 " B-Q3 Kt-QB3 Kt-K2 3 Q-K5ch P-KP V 3— Kt-B3 B-B4 U-O P-QB P-Kt3 Q x QB B x B 10 Kt ' K2 B-K3 Q-B6 QxQ Kt x B P-QB4 " P x Kt " PB3 P x Q 11 12 P x P Kt-Q2 P-B3 Kt-B3 Kt x BP Kt-K3 B-Q4 P-B3 . 0-0 Qx Pnt B4 B-K2 -f B-Kt3 B x Kt, Q~xT P-B4 -j o Kt x B Q x KP — P-K5 — P-Q5 B-K3 — 14 Kt-K2 Kt-B3 1 This is the classical move, favored by Philidor. 2 It 5 Kt-K5, 6 Q-K2 6 Kt-Kt4, 7 P-B4 7 Kt-K?., 8 P-B5 8 Kt-Bsq, 9 Kt-B3 9 P x P, 10 Kt-Kt5+. 3 Should White plav 9 K-Bsq, Black gets the advantage bv 9 P x P, 10 Kt x P 10 Q-Q6ch, 11 KKt-K2 11 K x Kt, 12 Q-Q5 12 R-B7disch, 13 Q x Q 1?, P x Q. 4 Or 8 P-QB3, 9 Q x Kt 9 P-Q4, 10 B x P 10 P x B, 11 Q x QP+. 5 II 4 K-Bsq 4 Q-K2, 5 P-Q4 5 B-Kt3 6 Kt-B3 6 P-Q3, etc. 6 Black may also plav 3 Q-K2, 4 Kt-KB3 4 P-Q.3, 5 0-0 5 B-K3, 6 Q-Kt3 6 B-Kt3, 7BxB 7QxB, SQx Qch S P x Q, 9 P-Q4 9 P x P, 10 P x P 10 Kt-KB3=. 7 If4PxP4Bx Pch, 5 K x B 5 Q'-B,5ch+. 8 If 5 P-Q4 5 P x P, P x P 6 B-Kt5ch, 7 Kt-B3 7 Kt x B, 8 P x Kt S Q x P, 9 Kt-B3 9 B-Kt5, 10 B-K3 10 B x KKt, 11 Qx B 11 Q x Q, 12 P x Q=. Table LVI.-KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING. 79 P-K4 B-B4 B-B4 Q-K2 KI-KB3 P-B4 P-QKt4 8 Q-R5 Kt-QB31 Q-K2 4 P Q3 5 B x Kt! 6 BxKtP Q-K2 P-QB3 2 ?-B4 P-Q4 Q-Ro 7 P-B4 Kt-KB3 PxP! Q-K2 P-Q4I9 P-Qo P-B3 R x B P x QP Kt-Kt5 19 20 21 22 23 24 - P-K4 2 3 4 5 V-KJ x-oo 0-0 Q-K2 0-0 10 B x Qch ' P-Q4 " B-KKt5 Kt-B3 4- Kt-Qo ' O^U " K-K2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 PxP Kt-QB3 P-K5 " Kt-KB3 Kt x P P-Q3 Kt-K2 Q x Pchl l Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 " Kt-KB3 Q x Q Q-K2 0-0 10 B x Q Kt-Q-5 (MJ " K-K2 Q-Q>q QKt-B3 P-B4 P-0,4 P-b;j P-KKo P-B3 PxP Kt-KB3 Kt-Kt5 Kt x P Kt x P P-KKt3 K-Rsq 0-0 P x B " B-Kt5 4- PxKt KP xQP P-KR3 Kt-B3 Q-R4ch U-U-O — P-B3 Q x P at B4 B x P + 1 If3P-Q.1, 4 P-B4 4 Kt-KB3, 5 P-Q3 5 Kt-Kta, G Kt-KB3 6 B-B7ch, 7 K-Qsq 7 B-QB4, 8 E-Bsq 8 Kt-t|B:j, etc. 2 If 4 B x Pch 4 K x B, .5 Q-BJch 5 P-Q4, C Q x B G P x P, 7 Q-B4ch 7 B-K:l, 8 Q x P 8 Kt-B3. 3 This move constitutes the " Lopez Gambit." not so good as 5 Kt-B3. 4 If 3 IU-KB3, 4 P-B4 4 P-Q4. 5 V. x P 5 Kt x B, 6 P x Kt 6 0-0, 7 P x P 7 Q x P, 8 Kt-QB3 8 Q-Qsq, 9 Kt-KBO 9 B-KKto. 5 If 3 Kt-QB3, White may adopt the "Evans Gambit." See also the " Giuoco Piano.' 6 If 3 P x P? 4 P-Ql 4 Q-R5ch, 5 K-Bsq 5 B-Kt3, 6 Kt-KB3+. 7 If 4 R x B 4 Q-Roch, 5 P-Kt3 5 Q x RP, 6 K-Bsq G P-Q4. etc. 8 McDonnell's favorite Double Gambit, considered unsound. 9 The Rev. T. C. Sanders has shown that Black raav plav 4 P x P with advantage. e. ff.,4PxP, 5 Kt-KB3 5 P-Q4, G P x P (if G B x P 6 Kt-KB3, 7 P-B3 7KtxB! followed by 8 B Q3 or 8 Kt x KtP, with advantage, according as White plays), 6 Kt-KB3, 7 P-B3 7 B-Q3, etc. 10 A game between Messrs. Mongredien and Morphv proceeded— 7 P-B3 7 B-QBI. 8 P-Q4 8 P x P en pas, 9 Q x P 9 0-0, 10 B-R3 10 B x B, 11 Kt xP, 11 B-Kt5, etc. 11 If C B x Pch? 6 K-Qsq, 7 Q-R4 7 R-Bsq, 8 B-B4 8 Kt-Kto, 9 0-0 9 R x P + . 80 Table LVII— KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING. 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 P-K4 P-K.4 2 B-B4 P-.KB4 1 3 P-Q3 ! 2 Kt-KB3 B xKt KxB PxP Kt-KB3 4 P-B4! P-Q4 Q-R5ch 5 P-Q4 PxP Kt-QB3! P-Q3 P x BP P-Kt3 P-Q4 6 5 Px QP P x P3 Kt-KB3 P x KP 4 B x P! P x P Q xKP K-Kt2 QxP Kt x P P-Q4 Kt x Kt 6 Q-K2ch B-K2 QP xP B-Kt5 P x P Q-K2 Q-K8 Q-Kt4 B-Q3 Kt-B3 Q-R5ch K-K2 7 Kt-QB3 Px P P-K5 Q-K3 Q-K3ch P-Q4 QKt-Q2 B x Kt P-Q3 P x P K-B2 Q-Q3 8 B xP Q x B Q-K2 Kt-QB3 Q-B4 Kt-K2 B-Kt5ch B-Ktoch Kt-Kto P x P P x P Kt-B3 9 0-0-0 + Q-QKt3 Q-Bsq B xP Q-K3 K-B2 P-B3 ll-Ksq Kt-B3 + P-B3 10 B-KKt5+ Kt-KB3-f- Kt-K3 P-Q4 Q-Kt3 B-Q3 + 11 Kt x QP Kt-B3 12 P-Q3 1 The Calabrois Counter Gambit. 2 If 3 P-Q4 3 P x QP, 4 B x Kt or (4 Q x P 4 Kt-QB3, 5 Q-K3 5 P x P, Q x Pch 6Q-K2=) 4RxB, 5QxP 5 Kt-B3! 6 Q-Q5 6 Kt-K2, 7 Q-Q3 7 P x P, sQuKP 8P-KKt3=. 3 If 5 P-K5, C P x P 6 Kt x KP, 7 Q-B3 + . 4 Black may also play 5 P x BP, 6 0-0 6 P x P, 7 P x P4-. 5 White obtains an even game by 4 Kt-QB3 4Q-Kt4! 5 Q-B3 5 P-QS, 6 P-Q4 6 Q-Kt3=. 6 See Note 5. 81 BOOK III. KING'S GAMBITS. P-K4 P-KB4 1 FK4 A This method of opening is considered hazardous, but as Major Jaenisch has remarked, "it gives birth to the most ingenious and complicated posi- tions arising at Chess." The Knight's Gambit was superficially noticed by Lopez (1561), but the true theory of this debut was developed by the Roman Chess writer, Polerio (1004), and the Neapolitan, Salvia (1634). "White offers to sacrifice his King's Bishop's Pawn. If Black refuse the proffered Pawn, we have the King's Gambit Declined. Table 80. The accepted Gambit is divided into two classes: 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 P-KB4 2 P x P, 3 B-B4.— King's Bishops Gambit. Tables 58-61. 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 P-KB4 2 P x P, 3 Kt-KB3.— King's Knight's Gam- bit. Tables 62-79. There are several important openings in the King's Knight's Gambit, only one of which should properly be designated by that name. P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 1 P-K4 * P x P Black's best move is 3 P-KKt4, supporting the Gambit Pawn. (If 3 B-K2=Cunningham Gambit. Tables 78, 79. t B-B4 4 (For 4 P-KR4=Allgaier Gambit. See Tables 71-77. If Black now play 4 B-Kt2=King's Knight's Gambit, proper. Tables 62-05. (If 4 P-Kt5, attacking "White's King's Knight, "White can save the Knight by 5 Kt-Kt5=Salvio Gambit. Tables 66, 67, or sacrifice the Knight by 5 0-0 5 P-Q4 or Kt-B3=Muzio Gambit. Tables 68-70. 6 82 SECTION I. KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. P-K4 P-K4 2 P-KB4 P x P B-B4 The oldest examples of this opening are to be found in the works of Lopez and Greco, also in the manuscripts of Polerio, who was very distinguished for his time. In a later age the celebrated McDonnell brought to bear new- lights, by inventing novel forms of attack and defense, but we owe to Major Jaenisch the elaboration of this most complex opening, which he eloquently styled " An imperishable monument of human wisdom." Black has eight defenses : — First 3 P-Q4 (which, followed by 4 Q-R5ch, is now con- sidered best) Col. 1- 6 Second 3 Kt-QB3 Third 3 P-KKt4 Fourth 3P-QB3 Fifth 3 P-QKt4 Bryan's Counter Gambit Sixth 3 Kt-KB3 Lictenhein's Counter Attack Seventh 3 P-KB4 The Old Classical Defense Eighth 3 Q-ll5ch The Modern Classical Defense 8- 9 10 11-12 13-15 16-18 19-24 Table I. VIII.- KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 83 P-K4 . P-KB4 B-B4 o P-K4 u I'd' ° P-Q4! 12 3 4 5 6 P x P? B x P Kt-KBol Q-R5ch Kt-K B:J Kt-QB3 K-Bsq Kt-QB3 7 B-Q3 ' P-KKt4 B-QKt5 P-Q4 Kt-KB3? KtQB3! KKt-K'2 Q-B4 ~ P-B3 Kt-Kt5 -f B-Q4 QTKuT Q-Q2 - Q x Ktch K-(>M, Kt-K6ch -j- Kt-B7 -f Q x Pch- 1 Gossip gives 4 Q-R5eh, 5 K-Bsq 5 B-Q3, i', P-Q4 6 Kt-K2 f , with a good opening. 2 If9B-Q5eh, 10 K-Bsq 10 Kt-KR3, 11 P-Q3 11 Kt-B3, 12 P-B.3+, or if 9 KI-KR3, 10 P-Q4+. 3 If 13 B x Ktch 13 P x B, 14 Kt-QB3 14 Kt-B3, 15 P-Q3 15 Kt-R4, 16 Kt-K2 1(5 15-K4, 17 R-Bsq 17 P-B3, 18 Kt-B3 IS 0-0-0+. 4 If 10 O-O, 11 B-K4! 11 P-B4, 12 Kt-K J! [12 QKt-B3, 13 K-Ktsq 13 Kt x QP, 14 P x P 14 Kt x KKtch, 15 B x Kt 15 Q x P, 10 QB x P=. 5 if 11 P x 11, 12 Kt-K4 12 P-Kt5, 13 Kt-Ksq+. 6 If 11 Kt-Ksq 11 P-B6, 12 B-K3 12 QKt-B3, 13 B x Ktch 13 P x B! 14 Kt-Q3 14 P x P, 15 K x P 15 Kt-Kt3=. 7 If 5 Q-K2 5 Kt x B, 6 P x Ktdisch 6 B-K2, 7 Q-B3 7 B-R5ch, 8 P-Kt3 8 P x P, 9 P x P 9 B-Kt4, 10 Kt-B3 + , or if 5 Q-B3, 5 B-Q3=. 84 Table LIX.— KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 P-KKt4 8 P-KR4 B-Kt2 P x P QxP Kt-K2 QxP E-Ktsq QxP QKt-B3 Q-K2 QB x P B x P Kt-Q5 Q-K5 Kt x Pch K-Q*q B-Q5 Q-K2 Kt x R B x R B xKt KtP x B Q-Q2 B-Kt3 0-0-0 + P-K4 P-K4 P-KKt4 P-KR4 P-KK3 P-Q4 B-Kt2 P x P P x P R x R B x R Q-R5 Q-B3 P-K5 P-KB4 Q-Kt2 • Kt-KR3 -f o J Px. P 3 P-QB3 P-Q4 P-Kt5 P-Q4 P-Q4 P x P LS-K3 9 P x P Kt-QB3 B-Kt5ch P-Q3 Kt-QB3 Q-Q3 B x P Kt-KB3 Q-Kt3 KKt-K2 Q-K2ch Kt-R4 B-K3 P-KKt3 P-B3 P-Bti 0-0-0 B x B Kt-B3 — P xKt Kt-B3 — K x P + B-B4 P-QKt4 10 B x Pch K x B Q-R5ch P-ivt3 Q-Q5ch K-KV2 Q x R Kt-QB3 Kt-QB3 11 Q-R5ch K-Qsq B-R3 P-R4 P-Kt5 Kt-Q5 B-Q3 P-Q4 KKt-K2 + B x KtP ! Q-E5ch K-Bsq B-Kt2 KtQB3 12 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 Kt-B3 P-Q5 Kt-K4 Kt-B3 , Kt x Kt Q xKt Kt-R4 P-KKt4 P x P e. p. K-Kt2 B-Q3 P-K5 B x KP B x Pch K x 13 Q-B5eh K-Q3 Kt-K4ch K x P R-Q-qch + 8 4 Q-R5ch is much stronger, followed bv 5 K-Bsq 5 P-KKt4, 6 Kt-QB3 6 KKt-K2, 7 P-KKt3 7 P x P, 8 K.-Kt2 8 P-Q4! 9 RP x P 9 Q-Kt5, 10 P x P 10 Q x Q, 11 Kt x Q 11 QKt x P, 12 B x P 12 B-B4+. 9 If 5 B-K2, 6 QB x P 6 B x Pch, 7 P-Kt3 7 B-K2, 8 P-B3 8 P-KR4, 9 Q-Kt3 9 R-R2, 10 R x P 10 R-Kt2, 11 R-R8+. 10 An ingenious defense, devised by an American Amateur, Mr. Bryan, but sub- sequently analyzed and recommended by the Russian player Kieseritzsky. 11 If 8 Kt-KB3 8 B-B4, 9 P-Q4 9 Kt-B3, 10 P x B 10 Q-K2, 11 0-0 11 Q x Pch, 12 K-Rsq 12 B-R3+. 12 6 Kt-KB3 6Q-R4, 7 B-B4 7 Kt-KB3, 8 Kt-B3 8 B-Kt5, 9 P-Q3 9 B x Kt, 10 P x B 10 P-Kt4, 11 R-QKtsq 11 B-B3, 12 P-KR4 12 P-KR3, 13 K-Ktsq=. Table LX.^ KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 85 P-K4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 P-K4 14 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB31 B-Kt5 13 P-K5 P^Q4~ B-Kt5cl) ¥-m 14 — P x Kt P x B Q-K'ich B-K3 Q x Poh Kt-B3 Kt-B3 15 QxPie Q x KtP li-QBsq Kt x P Q^B4 Kt- B7ch li x Kt QxR Q-K5ch K-Qsq O-O P-Q3 Q-Kt3 QxPatB4! P-B3 Q-K4 Q x P R-KKtsq + P-B3 17 QB3 P-Q4 P x P B-Q3 PQ3 B-KKt5 Q-B2 O-O B x P B-Kt5 B-KKt5 P P B x Kt P x B Q-Kt3 B-Q3 Q-B2 P x B P x B-f „P-KB4 " P x P 15 16 P-KB4 P-K5? P-Q4 Q;K2 Q-B5ch B-Kt3 K-Qsq Kt-K5 P xP! Kt-KB3 QxPchl9 B-KKt5 B-K2 ! 0-0 18 P-Q4 20 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 B-Pv4 Q x BP P-KKt4 Q x Q B x Ktch B xQ P x B P-Q4 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-QB4 B-Kt5oh P-B3 Kt-K2 B-B4 B-K2 + Kt-B:; P-B3 — O-O-O — 17 18 Kt-QB3 21 P-K5? Q-B5ch K-Bsq P x P Kt x P P-B3 22 Kt-KB3 Q-K2 B x Kt K x B K-B2 PTKRlT" li-Ksq K-Qsq P-B4 Q-B2 P-Q4 P-Q4 Kt-K5 Q-B4 P x P P x P Kt-Q B3 P-KKt4~ Kt xP BQ3 Q-Kt3 li-Ksq B-Q2 + P-Q4 P x P e. p. B x P Kt KB3 Q-B3 OO Kt-B3 P-Q4 IMvKtT R-Ksqch KKt-Ki' Kt-B3 B-Q2 Kt-Q") Q-Kt2 -f For Notes see next page. 86 Table LX. continued.- KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. Notes to page 85. 13 Wormald gives as best 4 Kt-B3, 5 Kt-B3 5 B-Kt5, 6 0-0 6 P-Q3, 7 Kt-Q5 7 0-0=. 14 If 6 KKt-Q2, 7 Kt x P 7 P-QB3, S Kt x B 8 P x B, 9 P-Q4 + . 15 Gossip gives as best 10 P x P 10 R-KKtsq, 11 Kt-B3, and Black's game is broken on both wings. 16 Gossip suggests for Black 10 0-0, 11 P x P 11 R-Ksq, 12 0-0 12 P-QR3. 17 If 4 P-Q4, 5 Kt x P 5 B-Q3, 6 Kt x Ktch 6 Q x Kt. 7 P-Q4 7 Q-R5ch, 8 K-Bscj+. 18 Max Lang recommended 7 P-Q3 7 B x Kt, 8 Q x B 8 Q-R5cli, 9 P-Kt3 9 P x P, 10K-K2 10Kt-B7 + . 19 If G Kt-QB3 6 B-K2, 7 B x Kt 7 R x B, 8 Kt-Q5 8 K-Qsq, 9 Q x P 9 R-Ksq, 10Kt-KB3 10 Q-R4, 11 Kt x KBP=. 20 White might also play 7 Kt-QB3, or 7 Kt-KB3, but in each ease he will be left with an inferior position; he may, however, equalize the game by 7 B x Kt 7 R x B, 8 Kt-KB3 8 Q-B3, 9 Kt-B3 9 P-B3, 10 P-Q4 10 P-Q4=. 21 If 4 P-Q3, Steinitz continues 4 Q-R5ch, 5 K-Bsq 5 P x P, 6 P x P 6 B-B4, 7 Q-B3 7 B x Kt, S R x B, 8 Kt-KR3 9 Kt-B3 9 Kt-Kt5+. 22 Black would do better to play 6 Kt-KB3, 7 IU-KB3 7 Q-R3, 8 Q-K2 8B-K2, 9P-Q4 9 P-Q4, 10 Kt x Ktch 10 Q x Kt, 11 B x QP 11 P-B3, 12 B-Kt3 12 B-KKt5+. Table LXI.-KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 87 P-K4 P-KB4 B-B4 K-Bsq 1 L) W I ^ V> „ Y> O ,\ NC..1, 4 P-K.4 * P x P " Q-K5ch 19 20 21 22 23 24 P-B3 Q-B3 p x p " P-QR4 ._ B-B3 PxKt + Q X R Kt-Q8 B-B4 BxQ " B-B3 1« P - B3 — Ex B P-K5 + Kt-Q2 — P-KB3 17 B-Q3 Qx B 18 KtxQ + 23 If 10 Q x P, 11 Kt-B3+. 24 If 9 Q-Kt3, 10 Q-K2+ 25 McDonnell's attack, though brilliant and aggressive, was always considered hazardous until the publication of Mr. Fraser's analyses in the Chess World. He was the first to establish the soundness of the sacrifice. 26 This is Mr. Fraser's amendment to the attack. 27 If 9 0-0, 10 P-Q3 10 Kt-B3, 11 Q-Kt3 11 Q x Qch, 12 P x Q+. 28 IM0P-QB3, HKt-B3. If Black now plays 11 B x P, or P-Q3, or P-Q4, White equally rejoins with 12 Q-Kt3, remaining in each case with the superior game, If 11 Q-Ktoch, 12 Q x Q 12 Kt x Q, 13 P-KR3 13 Kt-KR3, 14 B x Pch 14 P-B3. 15 B-R4 + . 29 Black has several other moves. If he plav 7 Q-B5, 8 Kt-Q5+; if he play 7 P x P, 8 Q x Pch 8 K-Qsq, 9 P-Q 1 !+ : and if 7 P-Q4, 8 P x KtP 8 Q-Kt5, 9 Kt x P 9 Q x Qch, 10 Kt x Q 10 P-Kt5, 11 Kt-Kto 11 P-KR3, 12 Kt x KBP + . 88 SECTION II. KING'S KNIGHT'S GAMBIT— (PROPER). . P-K4 _ P-KB4 „ Kt-KB3 A B-B4 1 TTtta & Ti . ^> O -r, T nr^, — 4 F-K4 " P * P " P-KKt4 * B-Kt2 This, the most ancient branch of the King's Gambit, is justly considered unsound. We first find it ably analyzed by Dr. Salvio, the Neapolitan. Numerous writers have bestowed infinite pains upon this variation, which leads to the most interesting attacks in Chess. In our own day we may mention an admirable article, written by the Kev. W. Wayte, and published in the Chess Player's Chronicle, which contains the cream of all the modern analyses. "White can now continue: — First 5 P-Q4 Second 5 P-B3 Third 5 0-0 Fourth 5 P-KR4 ...... Col. l it 2- - 3 a 4- -18 a 19- -24 Table LXII.-KING'S GAMBIT. 89 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 l'-Kl P-KB4 ., Kt-KB3 li-III !'.KI L Px T 3 P-KKt4 4 B-Kt'2 12 3 4 5 6 P-Q4 P-B3 0-0 l-t»:; P-Kt5 ! P-Q3 P-B3 P-Q4 2 0-0 P- KKt3? P-Q4 6 P-Kto! P xKt P x Kt L'-KtX" P-KR3~3 f. QBxPl O-O Q x P Kt-K4 Kt-B3 P-KK ' P x Kt ~ P-Qi Kt-KR3 P-BO Kt-K2 4 P-Kt5 O-O BxQP P-Q4 P-Q4 P-KKt35 Kt-Pv4 B-K3 P-QB:J O-O Kt-QB3 P-Kt5 P-Btj 15 x B B-KBPch QB x P P-B3 QB x P P-B3 P x B K x B P-Q3 Q-K2 P x Kt B-B'i 6 Q-K13 QxP B x Kt P-Kt4 QxP Kt x P Kt-Q2 Kt-B3 B x B Kt-Qsq B x Pch P x Kt Q x Pch P-K5 B x Pcli P-Q5 K-Bsq Q x P Q-K2 + Pv-Bsq K-Rsq + B-B3 B-K3 -f Q-K2 B x P Kt x P B-B4 K-Ktsq P x Kt Kt-B3 B-Kto Q x P Kt-Q2 .-, P-Q3 " P-KR3 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 Kt-Q2 B-K3 P-QB3 Kt-QB3 Kt-Kb3 17 P-KKt8 B x B P-KKt3 Q-IU3 P-K5 Kt-Kt3 P-Kt5 " P x B P-Kt5 " Q-K2 FxT B-Kt3 QB x P Q-Kt3 QB x P Kt-R3 Q-Kt3! B-K6 13 PTKt Q-Bsq P x Kt Kt-B3 0^0~ R-B2 Q x P P-KR4 Q x P B-Q3 Kt x KP P x P Kt-Kt3 P-Kt5 Q-B3 Kt-KR4 B-K3 B x Pch B x Pch Kt-R2 Q-R5 B-Q2 B x B K-Q2 K x B P-Kt6 Q-Kt3 O-O P x B P x P B-Kodisch Kt-B3 Q x Q B-B2 Q x KtP Q-K2 Kt-B3 P-K4 P x Q P-R3 QKt-Q2 K-R2 B x Kt P x P B x QP Q-B4 Q-B6 B-K3 BxB PxP Kt-B3 K-Ksq Q-Ksq i i B x B — P-K5 Kt-E3 Kt-Q2+15 QR-Ksq Kt x Kt 15 Q x B -PxP Kt-K2 Q-Q-q Q x Kt PxP Kt-B4 P-KKt3 Q x Q 16 P-KP4 Q-KtB3 P-Kt5 Kt x Q P x B QKt x P Kt-R4 Kt-R3 Kt-B5 Kt x Kt P-Bti P-K4 Yl Q-B4 Kt x Kt 18 B-K3 ' B x Kt Kt-i33 p.Kt3 — B x P Kt x P 19 Kt-Q3 — B-y3 P xKtl6 Q-Kt5ch Q-Q2 14 13 Gossip gives 9 P-Kt5, 10 Kt-R4 10 Kt-K2 + . 14 Continued: 20 Q.RSch 20 K-Qsq, 21 QR-Qsq, 21 Q-Ksq, 22Q-B3 22 K-Bsq, 23 B x B 23 P x B, 24 Q x P, and White has a fair game, having three Pawns for the piece. 15 "The Handhuch " observes, although White has only two Pawns for his Knight, lie has by no means a bad game, as these Pawns occupy the center. 16 Continued: 19 Pv x P 19 Kt-K2. 20 P-K5 20 Kt-Kt3, 21 P x Kt 21 B x P, 22 B x P+. 17 If 7 Q-B3, 8 P-K5+; or if 7 B-Kt5, 8 Q-Kt3+. 92 Table LXV.— KING'S GAMBIT. 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 5 P-KB4 Px P P-KE4 D Kt-KB3 3 P-KKt4 r P-Q4 b P-Q3 4 B-B4 B-Kt2 P-KK318 19 20 21 22 23 24 7 Kt-B3 P-QB3! Q-Q3 Kt-QB3 P X P P-B3 Kt-QB3 ? Px P P-Kt5 ! Kt-QB3? 8 P xP P x P Kt-K2 Q-K2 P x P Px P E x E Kt-Ktsq Q-K2 Q-Kt?, B xE q-K-z 9 E x R B x R Q-Q3 B-Q2 E x E B x E Q-Q3 Kt-KK3!23 Q-K2 Kt-KB3 0-0 P-Kt5 10 Kt-K5 P x Kt B-Q2 P-K5 B-Kt2 22 P-KK13 Q-K2 P-K5 P xP QB x P O-O-O P x Kt 11 Q-E5 Q-B3 B-B3 Kt-B3 Kt-K3 Kt-B3 P-Qb3 P x P Kt-E4-f E x P R-Ksq B x Pch 12 P x P Q-Kt2 P-Q5 P x P P xP P x P P-Kt5 24 P x 15 Kt-K4 Kt x P 13 P-K6 1U-B3 19 Kt x K1 P xKt Kt-Q5 Kt-KKt5 Ki-Q2 Q E4ch + K-Bsq 14 P x Pch. K-K2 20 0-0-0 Kt-B3 Kt x KtP Q x Kt P-Ko Kt-H3 15 QK2 B-Kto P-R3 Kt-Kt5 B x P Q-K5ch B-K3 P-Q4 16 Q-Q3 QKt-<42 B-Kt4 P-Kt3 Q-B8ch B-KtS Kt-B4 Q-B3 17 Q-Q4 Kt-R4 + B-B5 K-Q2 Q-Kt7ch -4- 0-0-0 Kt-Ktsq + P-Kt3 18 B-EOch K-Ktsq 21 18 If 5P-Kt5, G Kt-Kt5 6 Kt-KR3, 7 P-Q4 7 P-KB3, 8 B x P 8 P x Kt, 9 B x KtP 9 B-B3, 10 B x Kt 10 B x Pch, 11 K-Q2 11 B-Ktlch, 12 K-Q3=. 19 If 13 B x P, 14 B x B 14 Kt-B3, 15 B x Pch 15 K-K2, 16 Q-Kt6 1G Q x B + . 20 If 14 K-Bsq? 15 B x P 15 K-K2, 16 B-Q6ch 16 K x B, 17 P-K5oh 17 K x P, 18 P Queens 18 QxQ, 19 Q x Pch 19 K-Q5, 20 Kt-K2ch 20 K x B, 21,P-Kt3ch 21 K-Kt5, 22 P-Pv3mate; or if 14 K-Qsq? 15Q x P 15 QKt-Q2, 16 B x P+. 21 Continued 19 P-Q6 19 P-B3, 20 Q-QKt3 20 B-K3, 21 Q-Kt4 21 Q-Qsq, 22 P-Q7 + . 22 If 10 K-Bsq, 11 Q-R7 11 B-Kt2, 12 Q-R5 1.2 Kt-R3, 13 Kt x P 13 B-Kt5+. 23 Black can also play 9 Kt-QB3 or 9 K-Bsq, but neither move is so strong. 24 Gossip gives 12 P x P, 13 Kt-KKt5 13 Kt-Q2, 14 P-K5 14 Kt-B3+. 93 SECTION III. THE SALVIO GAMBIT. P-K4 „ P-KB4 „ Kt-KB3 . B-B4 1 V>_TTA - T> v T> ° l>J,'T?ti ' P X P " P-KKt4 * P-Kt5 Kt-K5 . K-Bsq " Q-K5ch This opening is first noticed in the work of Dr. Salvio, who did not originate the variation, but copied it from a Portuguese treatise. For a con- siderable period the opening was seldom played, the first player preferring to sacrifice the attacked Knight rather than compromise his game by the dis- placement of his King. It was revived by Herr Steinitz, who played it in his celebrated matches with Herr Anderssen and Herr Zukertort. Black has three lines of play at his command: — First G Kt-KB3? Second 6Kt-KR3! Third 6 P-BG! (" Mr. Cochrane's Gambit") Col. 1 2- 3 7-12 « 4-6 94 Table LXVI.-SALVIO GAMBIT. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 P-K4 P-K4 1 K-Bsq Kt-KB8? Kt-QB3 1 Kt-B3 P-Q4 Kt x Kt P x Kt Kt-R4 Q-Q5 Kt-Kt'6eh K-Ktsq Kt x R Q x BPeh K-Qsq B xP B-B4ch K x Kt R-Bsq B-KKt3 Q-R3 Q-Q5 + P-KB4 - P x P 2 Kt-KE3 ! P-Q4 P-Q3? Kt-Q3 P-B6 P-KKt3 Q-K2! Kt-B3 2 P-QB3 3 P-KR3 P xP4 B x Kt B x B QxP B-Kt2 Kt-K2 Kt-Q2 Kt-B2 — . Kt-B3 — Kt-KB3 P-KKt4 3 4 B-B4 P-Kt5 Q-K6ch K-B2 5 Q-Kt7ch K-K3 B^T~ Kt-B4 B-Kt4 B-Bsq Q X li B-Kt5ch P-B3 Q x Q + P-B6! 6 P-Q4 P x Peh K xP Q-K6ch K-Ktsq Kt-KK3 Q-Q3 QxQ PxQ P-Q3 B x Kt B x B Kt x BP B-K6eh K-Kt2 It- Bsq R-Bsq B x P + Kt-K5 Q-K5ch 6 B x Peh KtxPatBT K-K2 P x P7 P-Q3 B x Kt P x Kt B-B4 P xP 0. x P Kt-KB3 Kt x R Kt x B _ Q-Ksq P x Peh K x P Q-R6ch K-Ktsq B-R6ch+ B-B4eh + 1 The following variation we take from the Handbuch, 6th edition, and if Black's replies are the best, it shows 6 Kt-KB3 to be very inferior to 6 Kt-KR3. 2 llerr Steinitz usually plays 10 Kt-B2. 3 10 B-K3, as played by Herr Anderssen in his match with Herr Steinitz, according to the Handbuch is disadvantageous for Black. 4 11 P-KB4 results favorably for White. 5 10 K-Ksq 10 Q-R4, 11 Kt B4 is perhaps' better play. 6 Mr. Cochrane's Gambit. 7 If 8 B x Kt 8 R x B, 9 P x P 9 P-Q3, 10 Kt x P 10 R x Kt, 11 P x R 11 B x P, 12 Q-Ksq 12 Q-R6ch, 13 K-Ktsq 13 B-Kt2+ ; or if 8 P-KKto, 8 Q-KOch, 9 K-B2 9 Kt-KB3, 10 B-Kt3 10 P-Q3+. If 8 Q-Ksq 8 P x Peh, 9 K x P 9 Q-RGch+. Table LXVII. SALVIO GAMBIT. 95 P- K l 1 P-kl >> p-E i;i P X P Kt-KB3 3 P-KKt4 B-B^ [ P-Kt5 Kt-K5 Q-K5ch K-Bsq J Kt-KR3! r. P-Q4 1 P-B6! 7 8 9 10 11 12 8 B-B4 Kt-B3 P-KKt3 Q-R6ch Q-Ksq Q x Qch P x P P-Q3 B x Kt P x Pch 8 P-Q3 B x B 9 K xP P-Q3 Kt-Q3 PxPch 10 K-B2 (^-KlTch K x Q P X P Kt-Q3 12 P x P P x P P-QT" 10 B x Kt 9 B x B K x P B-Kt2 K-K3 P-KB4! R-Ktsq P-Q3 Kt-B2 B x P B- Kbch P xP 11 Kt-Q3 Q-R6eh Kt-B4 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 11 P-B3 Kt-Q3 Kt-Ktsq Kt x B Q x Ktc-h Q x P 13 B-R6ch 12 K-B2 B-Koeh B-K3 O-O B-Q3 P-Q3 R x P P-K U4 + K-B2 K-K2 Q-Kt7oh P-KB3 13 K-Ksq P-Kt6 + Q-Q2 Kt-B4 P x P K-K3 B x P K-Rsq -f Ki-Ktoch PxKt 14 QKt x P Kt-B4ch K-B4 ' B-R3eh R-Kt*q R-Bsq 1o K-B4 B-R3eh K-B5 Q-KKt3 Kt-Ktich Q-R4ch 16 Kt-Kt5 O-O -f B x Kt Q-Ktomate K-Ksq B-B5 17 Q-B2 P x P 18 R-Rsq Q-QKt4 19 B x R QxP + 8 Herr Zukertort prefers 8 P-Q3, ' 9 Kt-Q3 9 P x Pch, 10 K x P 10 B-Kt2, 11 P-B3 11 Kt-B:!, 12 B-KKt3 12 Q-K2, 13 Kt-Q2 13 O-O, 14 Q-K2 14 K-Ksq+. 9 Gossip gives 10 Kt-Q3 10 B-Kt2, 11 Kt-B2=. 10 The correct move at this juncture, to prevent White playing: 10 P-KKt3. In the match between Steinitz and Zukertort the latter played !> B-Kt2. 11 If 11 P x P, 11 P-Q3, 12 Kt-Q3 12 Kt x Peh, 13 K-K4 13 P-B7disch, 14 K-B4 14 B-R3cd, 15 K x f 15 Kt-K6ch, 16 K-R5 16 Q-RGmate. 12 If B x Kt 9 P x Kt, lflBxB 10 KtP xP+: or if 9 Kt x KtP, 9 Kt x Kt, 10 P x Kt 10 B x P, 11 Q-Q3 11 B-R6ch, 12 K-K2 12 R-Ktsq + . 13 If 11 B x Pch 11 K-K2, 12 Q x P 12 B-Rfich, 1:1 K-K2 13 Kt-Q2, 14 R-Ktsq 14 Kt x Kt, 1.") P x Kt 15 R-Bsq+. 11 Kt x P is also bad. 06 SECTION IV. , THE MUZIO GAMBIT. P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 P-K4 J PxP 6 P-KKt4 4 P-Kt5 This brilliant Gambit was first noticed in the treatise of Dr. Salvio, who states that "the game was sent to him by Signor Muzio, who commonly won it of his adversary Don Geronimo Cascio." The attack obtained by the bold sacrifice of the Knight was until recently considered irresistible. Modern analyses are all in favor of the second player. Amongst these we may especially mention the excellent variation of Herr Zukertort, which completely nullifies any remnant of attack remaining. After the orthodox moves, White may play : — First 5 Kt-B3 McDonnell's continuation Col. 1- 2 Second 5 P-Q4 As analyzed by Koch " 3-0 Third 5 B x Pch » o Fourth 5 0-0 " 7-18 / Table LXVIII.— MUZIO GAMBIT. 97 1 P-K4 P-K4 P-KIH P x P Kt-K B3 P-KKi4 n-m P-Ktc 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 l Kt-B3 1 PxKt QxP P-Q4! Bj P P-Qu8 BxKBPch K x B Q-R5ch P-Q4 B xP B-B-2 B-K5ch Kt-B3 Q-Kt5ch B-Kto + B-Kt3 B-K3 B x B P x B Q-R5ch K-q-2 P-Q4 Q-B3 0-0 Q-lvt3 Q-R6 "- Kt-QK3 B^xJP B-Kt5 Q-K4 3 F-Q4 2 P x Kt QxP P-Q4! B x QP Kt-KB3! 0-0 P-B3 BxKBPch lv x B B xP Q x Pch B-K3 Q-K4 B-B4 B-B4ch K-Bsq P-K5 I-KKt5 F x Kt Kt-K2 -f Q.-K3- -j- P-Q3? 0-0 Q-B3 3 K t-K3 Q x Peh K-Ksq QBxP Q-B3 4 Q -K3 Q-lvto P-K5 B x B B x B BHv.3 P x P 4 B-K3 P-Q5 HAl-2 B x P CFK2 P-K5 P xP B x P Q x B Q x Pch K-Qsq Q x KBch Q-Ivsq P-Q6 PxP Q xP Kt-K2 B-B7 Q-Bsq Kt-B3 -f 6 I! < Pch? K x B K'- KSch K-Ksq QxP Kt-KB3 Q x BP B-Q3! 0-0 K-Bsq P-Q4 Kt-B3 Kt' Kt B x Q Kt x Q B x B B x B Kt xP B-Kpq P-Q4 Kt-B3 K x Kt Kt x P B-B4 + 1 McDonnell's attack. 2 Koch and Ghulam Kassim's attack; not so strong as u 0-0. 3 If 7 B-R3, see column 10, page 98. 4 If 10 Q-Kt2, 11 Kt-Kto 11 Kt-R3, 12 QB x P 12 P x B, 13 Kt x Pch+. 98 Table LXIX.— MUZIO GAMBIT. P-K4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 P-K4 QxP P-KB4 Kt-KB3 " P-KKt4 B-B4 4 P-Kt5 . 0-0 P x P P x Kt 8 9 10 11 12 P-Q3 ? 5 Q-K2 B-E3 ? Q x P P-Q4 Q x P P-Q4 Q-K-2 Kt-QB3 Q-B4eh P-Q3 Q-K2 Q-B3 B x Pch Kt-B3 P-Q4 Kt-B3 QB x P P-K5 K-Qsq Kt x P Q x Pch Q-B3 B x B Q-L.4 Kt-B3 Q-Q3 B-K3 K-Rpq QxB Kt-B3 Q-K4 Kt-K3 QxKB B-K3 Kt-QB3 Kt-K2 P-Q4 Kt-Q5 Q-K5ch P-K5 B x Pch Kt-K4 Q x Q 6 Q-B4ch Kt-K2 P x P K-Qsq QKt-B3 B x Q K-Rsq QxE PxP P-K5 P-B3 B-U3 l J -Kt4 QxKP QxP P-Q3 P-Kt3 P-K5 B-Kt3 B-K6 B x B Kt-B3 P-KKt4 B x B ii-KK'6 Kt-Kt3 QxB B-Q2 Q-Kt3 R x B + B-Q2 Q-Kt8 + Q x KtP QR-Ksq QB x P Q-Bsq Q-QB3 K-Bsq 8 B x B Q-QB3 Q-B8ch P-K6 Q x B B-KKt.: K-K2 B-Ksq O-O Kt x Pch B x P + P-Q5 E-B3 K-Qsq . Kt-K4 K-Ksq Q-E5 E x Kt Kt-B6 Kt x Kt P x K Kt-Ktsq B-Kt4 Q x P B-Q3 P-Q31 7 Kt-B3 9 Q-Kt2 10 5 If G P-Q4, 7 B x P 7 P-QB3, 8 B x KBPch+. 6 If 10 Q x Pch, 11 B-K3 11 Q-K4, 12 Q x Q 12 P x Q, 13 QR-Qsqch+. 7 Continued 18 QR-Qsq 18 B-K4, 19 R x QP 19 B x R, 20 R-Qsq 20 K-TCsq, 21 B x B 21 Kt-K2, 22 Q x Kt 22 B-Kt5, 23 R-Q5 23 R-Bsq, 24 Q-Kt7 24 B-K3, 25 Q x Pch 25 B-Q2, 26 Q-Kt7 26 B-B3, 27 B-R4 + . 8 If 13 Q-Bsq, 14 Q-Kt5ch 14 KKt-K2, 15 P x P 15 P x P, 16 Q-B6 16 K-B2, 17 Q x Pch + . 9 Continued 18 B x J3 IS R x B, 19 R x Kt+. 10 Continued 18 R-R3 IS P-KR3, 19 Kt-R5 19 Q-Kt4, 20 Q x Q 20 P x Q, 21 Kt-B6disch + . Table LXX.-MUZIO GAMBIT. 99 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 l'-Kl 1 P-K4 ., P-KB4 - 1" x L' Kt-KB3 3 P-KKil B-B4 4 P-Kt5 _ 0-0 6 Q-B3! 5 P x Kt 13 14 15 16 17 18 „ P-K5 7 7T — ^~ P-B3 P-Q3 QxP Kt-B3 P-Q4 P-Q3 11 P-Q4 B v QP B-R3 Kt x P + P-B3 Kt-B3!12 B-Kt3 Kt-K2 B-K3 B-Q2 B x P Q-KtB3! P-Qu3 Kt-Q2 QR-Ksq QR-Ksq Kt-B3 Q-KB4I Q-B4ch? Q-B4ch O-OO Kt -Q5 R-K4 K -Pysq K-Rsq K-Qsq 0-U15 IMp O-O? ' P-Q4! B-B3 QB x P Kt-Q5 Kt-K4 Q-R5 R-Ksq 13 B-Kt2 Kt-K4 Q-B4 Q-Q3 Kt-BG Q-K2 R x Kt P-KKt4 B x QP R-Bsq P-Q4 P x K Q-Kt3 P x B P-KKt4 B x BP B-Kt4 -f P-Kto Kt x P Q^Kt3 Q-Kt4 — " B^Kt^ - " QKt-B3 P-KR4 P-KR4 Kt-BGch B-B3 P-Q4 q-Kvi K-lisq Q-Kt3 B x P Kt x P R x Kt Q x Q B x P 14 Kt x Kt 16 P -Q4 17 -BP x Q 18 11 Morphv plaved at this point, asninst Lowenthal; S B x Pch 8 K x B, 9 P-Q4 9 Q x i'ch, 10 B-K3 10 Q-B3, 11 Q-R5ch. 12 If 9 B-Q2 — the move generally given — the Handbuch shows Black can safely play 9 Q x P, 10 B-B3 10 Q-Ktoch," 11 X-Rsq 11 Kt-KB3, etc. + , 13 If 13 R-KKtsq, 14 It x Kt 1 1 Kt x R, 15 B-Bf, 15 R-Ksq, 16 P-KKtl 16 Q-Kt-1, 17 Q-K2 17 B-Bsq, 18 P-KtO IS P-Q3, 19 Kt x KBP 19 Q-B4, 20 P-KR3 20 P-KR3=. 14 Continued IS Q x B 18 Q x Qcll, 19 Kt x Q 19 R-KKtsq, 20 B-B3 20 P-B4, 21 B-BG 21 K-Q2, 22 P-iJl 22 P x Kt-f-. 15 This is the best defense; it was first given by Zukertort, in the Schachzeitung, 1868. 16 Continued 18 B x Kt IS B-B4, 19 QR-KBt 19 B-K3, 20 B x B 20 P x B, 21 R-K4 21 R * Rch, 22 K x It, 22 R-Bsqch, 23 K-Ktsq 23 Kt-Q5 r . 17 Continued IS B-Kt3 IS Q x Ktr, 19 R-KKtsq 19 Q-B4, 20 Q-Kt2 20 B x Kt, 21 R x BP 21 R-Ksq, 22 1UB+. 18 Continued 18 B x R 18 K-B2, 19 Kt x P, 19 B x Kt, 20 R x Bch 20 B-B4, 21 BBS 21 KC-Q4 -=. 100 SECTION V. THE KIESERITZKY GAMBIT. P-K4 P-K4 P-KB4 P xP Kt-KB3 P-KKt4 P-KE4 Kt-K5 * P-Kt5 This beautiful variation of the King's Gambit is one of the most fashion- able openings of the present day, and although theoretically unsound in practical play, it frequently results in favor of the attacking player. Black has eight defenses: — Columns. First 5 P-Q3 advocated by Kolisch 1- 4 Second 5P-Q4 1 Third 5 Q-to K2 ' 5- 6 Fourth 5 Kt-QB3 7- 9 Fifth 5 B-K2 ' Polerio 10-12 Sixth 5 B-Kt2 13-18 Seventh 5 Kt-KB3 ' Philidor 19-27 Eighth 5 P-KPv4 Classical Defense 28-30 Table LXXI.— KIESERITZKY GAMBIT. 101 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 Kt-Ko P-K4 - P x P " P-KKt4 12 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 P-Q3 1 Q-K2 Kt x KtP P-Q4 6 P-KB4 • 13-K2 P-Q3 P-KB4 Kt-B2 2 P-Q4' Kt x KtP B-B4 ! Q-K2 3 B x Pch P-KB4 Kt-KB3 Q-R5ch Kt-B2 Kt-B2 Kt-QB3 K-Qsq Q-Kt4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 P-Q4 Q-B3 B xP B-B7ch Kt-KB3 B-Kt6 " Kt-QB3!4 Kt x P K-Qsq Q-B3 Kt-B3 P-B3 5 P-Q5 Q-K5ch B x P Kt-KB3 B-Kt6 Kt-K4 " K-Qsq QKt-Q2 B-Q2 — Kt-QR3 Q x P B-K2 B-QKt3 B^2 — Kt-li3 " B x Ktch Kt-KB3 K-Ksq Kt-Kt5 K x B Q-B3 — Kt-B7 B-Kt5 Q-Kt3 ~ Kt-B3 — K-KKtsq Q x KB! Q-Kt-5 Kt-KKt-5 P x Q ~ Q x P E-Kt2 14 B x Q Q-Kt7 Kt-KG + P x Ktch Kt-Kt5ch K x P K-Kt3 Kt x KPch Q-K8ch K-K3 K-R3 Kt x B " Kt-K4ch Kt x BPch K-R2 K-Q2 Q-R5ch -« o Kt x K K-Ktsq 1^K3 Q-Q5ch + iq F - m W P-Q4 + 1 If 5 P-Q4, G P-Q4 6 P-Bfi, 7 KtP x P 7 B-K2, 8 B-K3 8 B x Pch, 9 K-Q2 9 B-B3+. 2 7 P x P gives the advantage to Black. 3 7 Kt-KB3, 8 P-Ql 8 P x P, 9 B x P 9 B-K3, 10 P-B4 10 P-Q4=. 4' This move is given as best by Rosenthal. We take the following variations from "German Handbuch," Cth Edition. 5 If 10 Q x P 10 B x Ktch, 11 K x B 11 Q x Qch, 12 B x Q 12 Kt x P+, or if 10 B x P, 10 Kt x P + . 6 6 Kt x KtP, as played by Mr. Blackburne against Herr Rosenthal at the Vienna Tourney, is favorable for Black; the correct reply is 6 P-KB1, etc. 102 Table LXXII.— KEESERITZKY GAMBIT. P-KB4 Kt-KBH P-KR4 Kt-K5 P-K4 PxP P-KKU * P-Kt5 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kt-QB3 7 B-K2 9 Kt x KtP 8 KtxKt KtxKtP? Q x P? B-B4 P-Q4 QP x Kt P-Q4 ~ P^Q3 B x Pch P x P P-Q4 P x P Q-Kt7 K-Bsq Q-K2eh Kt-B3 B x Pch B x Pch P-Q4 B-K2 E x P Kt-B2 K-Qsq B x P Kt-Q5 Kt x P B x Ktch P x Kt Kt-KE8 Kt-B2 B-Q8 K x B QxE P-Q4 9 10 Kt x KBPch Kt x Kt O-O ~ Kt-b3 B x Beh B x P ^ ey K-Bsq P-Q3 P-B3 B x P P x B K-Kt2 Kt-Q5 _ Kt-K6 ITB4 B-Kt5 + Q-Kt7 P-B3 P-Q3 B x Kt Q-B2 Q x KPch B x B Kt-KB3 Kt-Q3 Q x P B-Kt5ch B-Kt4 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 B-K2 P-KKt3 P-E6 ~ B-Kt5 B-Kt2 Kt-QB3 Q-Kt4 Q-B3 11 P x P Kt x B Kt-K2 P-B3 B-B3 10 P x P 13 B-B4 Q x B B x B K-Bsq Q x B -i. B-Kt5 Q-Q2 _ Q x B Q-QB5ch P-Bsq iq: 04MJ _ Q-Kt6ch R-Ksq + Kt-K2 -4- Q-Kt4 -j p- Q-Q2 K-Bsq B x Pch P^Kiq Pv-KKtsq Kt x B -j ^ JB-Ksq -f _ K-KKtsq Kt x Kt B-E3 + Q-K4 17 Kt x K Q-Rtich |^g K-Ktsq Q-Kt6ch 7 Called "Herr Neumann's Defense," considered unsatisfactory. 8 IffiP-Q4? C KtxKt, 7PxKt 7 P-Q3, SBxP 8 B-Kt2, 9 B-B4 9 Q-K2, 10 Kt-B3 10 P x P + . 9 A move noticed by Polerio and Salvio, but it is not to be recommended. 10 11 Kt-B3 or 11 R x B results unfavorably for White. 11 If 10 P x P, 11 R x Kt 11 B x R, 12 B x Pch 12 K-K2, 13 B x B+. Table LXXIII.— KIESERITZKY GAMBIT. 103 P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 Kt-Ko 1 P-K4 L FTP ° P-KKt4 4 P-Kt". ° 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 B-KfJ 12 P-Q4 13 Kt-KB3 B-B4 14 P-Q4 ! P x P O-O BxP? Kt-QB3? O-O! Kt x P P-B4 P-B4 B x Kt PxPc.p.17 P-B3 18 Q x B " Kt x l J P x P 0-0 Kt x Kt P x P Kt-B3 15 P x Kt Kt x P P-B3 16 QP, x T B x Kt? Kt-QB3! Kt x Kt R-Ksq ch QxB Kt x Kt Kt-Kt3 P x Kt K-B2 Kt-QB319 P x Kt B-Kt3 QTku Kt-K5ch Q-Qsq B x Kt20 P-Btt Q x RP Q-Q2 Kt x Kt Kt x KtP P x B B-Kt5 B x P BTP B x Pch B x Pch Q x Q21 B-B3 " B-R3 B x B K-Kt3 Kt-B2 R x Q Kt-K4 B x BP Q7B R x Kt + Kt-B3 B-K3 B x B ~ B x B Kt-B3 Q-B5 R-Q4 Kt x B B x B B-K3 + Kt-K4 KuB3 P-KK3 "QxU BxP RxP QKtxPatBT Kt x R B-Kt5 + Kt x P Q x BP " Q-Bsq B x B Kt-KtG Kt-Qfid.c. P x B Q-B3 R-K4 Kt x -B R-B4 K x KKt B-B4 P x P -f Kt-Kt3 B-Kt3 + 22 .2 Herr Paulsen's defense. ,.3 If 6 Kt x KtP 6 P-Q4, 7 Q-B3 7 Q-K2, 8 B-K2 8 P x P + . 4 If 7 Kt-QB3 7 P-Q3+. t 5 Zukertort played against Steinitz 11 P-QB1, 12 P-B3 12 P x P, 13 Kt x KtP 13 Q-K3, 14 Kt-B2 14 Q QKt3, 15 P-B4 15 B-K3, 16 Kt-Q2 16 Kt-Q2+. 16 If 12 Kt x Kt, 12 P x Kt, 13 B-K3 13 P-QB4 + . 17 If 10 B x P 10 Kt-R4, 11 P-KK13 11 P x P, 12 Q x QP 12 Kt-QB3, 13 Kt x Kt 13 P x Kt, 14 Q-Q2 14 R-Ksqeh+. 18 If 10 P x P en pas 10 Kt x P, 11 Kt x Kt 11 P x Kt, 12 QB x P 12 Kt-R4+. 19 If 13 15 x P, 13 Kt-B3, or R-Qsq + . 20 If 13 Q x RP, 14 R x P 14 B-R3, 15 R x BP 15 B x B, 16 R-B4disch 16 K-Kt2, 17 Q x B 17 Q-K2, 18 R x R 18 K x R, 19 Q-R6ch 1!) K-Ksq. 20 R-KBsq+. 21 If 14 Q x P, I.") R x P 15 Kt-B3, 16 B-R3 16 R-Qsq, 17 B x Pch 17 K-Rsq, 18 B-QG 18 Q-KM, 19 P-K6 19 Q x R, 20 B x Q 20 R x Qch, 21 R x R + . 22 White regains his Pawn with a slight advantage in position. 104 Table LXXIV— KIESERITSKY GAMBIT. P-K4 F-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 Kt-Ko 1 PT£4 ■" P x P ' 6 P-KKt4 4 P-Kt5 5 10 11 12 13 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 Kt-KB3 B-B4 Q-K2 P-Q4 P-Q4 P x P P-Q3 B-Q3 24 B x Pch P-Q4 K-Qsq Kt-li4 B-Kt3 O-O! B-KtSch Kt-QB3 K-B2 Q-Q3 Pxit Q x P 25 P-B3! Q-K2 26 Kt-Kt6 P-KB3 P x Pdisch Q-Ksq P x P B-Kt5ch R-Ksq B-Kt5ch B-Q2 QxQ P x P P-B3 QxP K-Bsq P x Kt KxQ - Kt x QBP P x P Kt-KB3dc Kt-B4 Q x Pch 0-0 — Kt x Kt P x P Kt-K5ch Kt-Kt6 -f K-Bsq ! ■ B x Ktch Kt-Q5 K-Ktsq B-Q3 K^B^ Q-K3 ~ Q-B7ch Kt-B3 B x K Kt-B7ch K-Rsq Q-B4 Kt-Kt6 B x Kt P-KB4 -t a Q-Q5 23 15 K-B2 B-B4 Q-Q5 QxKBP Ktx'llch Q-K2 K-Qsq Kt-K4 Q x Kt B x Pch QxQ Q-K2 P-Ktbeh Q x B Kt x Qch Kt x B K-Ksq Kt x Q K-Ktsq P x Kt Q-K2eh+ K x Kt+27 P x Kt B x P K x Kt li-Bsq P xP IS Q-Q' 2 + KxF XO ' . K-Ktsqch + 23 If 14P-B7, 14R-Bsq. 24 7 B-Kt2, lending to a position similar to that in Herr Paulsen's defense, is con- sidered the best move here. See Cols. 13 to 18. 25 Instead of this capture, Black may play 9 P-B6, a defense adopted by Steinitz in the Vienna Tournament. The game was continued 10 B-Ktoch 10 P-QB3, 11 Q-Ksq 11 0-0 + . 26 If 9 00, 10 Kt-K2 10 Q-K2 + . 27 Mr. Gossip considers White to have the best game, and thinks Black would do better at move 12 to plav 12 Q-Qsq, continuing 13 Kt x QBP 13 Kt x Kt, 14 B x Ktch 11 B-Q2! lo B x'li 15 Q x B, 16 Q-K2ch 10 K-Bsq+. Table LXXV.-KIESERITZKY GAMBIT. 105 P-K4 P Klil Kt-KB3 P-KR4 Kt-K-J 1 KK4~~ '~ P x P P-KKU 4 P-Kto ° 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 25 26 27 28 29 30 Kt-KB3 P-KK4 29 KtxKtP? B-B4 Kt x P! Kt-KK3 K-E2 P-Q3 P-Q4 P-Q4 Kt-Kto P-Q3 P-Q3 B x P Kt-Q8 Kt x BP Kt-Q3 KtxK! QK2eh? P-B6 K x Kt P-B6 Q-K2cli B-Kt5 B-K2 P x P 30 B x Kch P x P Q-K2 B-K2 28 Q-Kt5ch B-K2 K x B B-K2 Kt-B6ch - Q-K2 Q-Q2 B-K3 ! 31 B x P B-K3 K-Q^q P-KR4! Q x Qch B x Pch B-113 B x Pch B x Pch Kt-B6ch Kt x Q K-Q2 0-0 K-Q2 K x B K-Bsq KtxK P x P 32 K-Kt2 34 P x P Kt-Q5ch Q-K5 Kt-B6ch Q x P P-KKt3 Q x P K-Qsq Kt-B3! K-Qsq B-Kt5 li x H B-Kt5 Kt x Q KtxQPch Kt-Q5 Q-B4I33 ExB Q-B4 B-Kt5 Q K2eh ? B-K2 B-K2 28 Q-Kt5ch Q-K2 P-KR4! Q-Q2 Q x Qch Kt-B6ch K-Bsq Kt x Q Kt x K Q-K5 Kt-B6ch Kt-B3! K-Qsq KtxQPch K-Ktsq -4- Kt-Q5 B-K2 O-O-O Kt-U7 E-Bsq B x P B x Pch K-Ksq B-QG Kt-K3 P-Q4 + B x Kt K-Ktsq + B-K2 Kt-B3 B-K3 -f Kt-Q2 Q-Kt,4 O-O-O Kt-B3 Kt-B3 P-Q3 Kt-B7 Kt x P Kt-Kt3 Q-KB4 Pv-Bsq B x Kt B-Kt3 ll-Ktsq B x P " JJ-Kt4 K-Kt2 Q x BP B x Pch B x Ii P-K5 K-Bsq K-Ksq B x Qch B-Kt4 - Q x P B-QG Kt x B Kt-Ktti Kt-K3 " Q-Kt4 B-K2 P-Q4 + QKt-Q5 B-B4 + 28 If 9 P-KB3, 10 Ktx Pch, followed by 11 Q-K2, with a good game. 29 The Classical defense ; at one time it was greatly in vogue, but of late years has been tacitly abandoned as allowing the first player too much time for de- velopment of his game. 30 If 9P-KKt3 9P-Q4, lOPxP 10 Kt-B4, 11 K-B'2 11 Kt x QP, 12 B-KKt5+. If, in- stead of 11 Kt x QP, Black play 11 B-K'2 White's best rejoinder 13 12 Kt-K.~>. 31 If 10B-KKto 10 B x B, 11 P x B 11 Q x P, 12 Q-Q2 12 Q x Qch, 13 Kt x Q 13 Kt-Ktsq, 11 R-R4=. Or if 10 B-Bl 10 B x Pch, 11 K-Q2 11 P x P, 12 Q x P 12 B-Kto, 13 Q-K3+. 32 If 11 Kt-B3, 12 Kt-B3 12 P x P, 13 Q x P 13 B-Kt5, 1 } Q-B4 14 Kt x P, 15 B x Kt 15 B-IU4, 16BxR 16 B x Qch, 17 Kt x B 17 Q-Kt4, 18 Kt-Q5 + . 33 If 13 Q-Bsq? 13 B-Ktl, 14 Kt-B4 14 Kt-B3, 15 Kt-B3 15 Kt-R4 + . 34 If UBxB? 12RxBch 12 K-Kt2. 13 Kt-B3 33 B-K3, 14 Q-Q2 14 Kt-KB3, 15 QR-KBsq 15 QKt-Q2, 16 R x Kt 10 Kt, x R, 37 Q-Kt5ch+. 106 SECTION VI. THE ALLGAIER GAMBIT. P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 F-KR4 Kt-Kt5 1 P-K4T" * P x P P-KKt4 4 P^Kt5 5 This Opening was considered by Allgaier invincible, but modern authors present satisfatory defenses to the various lines of attack. A new form of the attack has been introduced by Mr. Thorold, which has revived this, nearly obsolete, opening. / Black's only safe defense is 5 P-KR3. After 6 Kt x P 6 K x Kt, White has threo continuations: — First 7 P-Q4. Second 7 B-B4ch. Third 7 Q x P. Table LXXVI.-ALLGAIER GAMBIT. 107 1 ,,",-, I'-K t P-KB4 * Px P Kt-KB3 P-KR4 4 P-Kt:, P-K4 3 P-KKt4 K Kt-Kt") P-KK3 KtxP D K x Kt 1 2 3 4 5 ( P-Q4 1 Q-Q3 + 1 Mr. Thorolds's attack. 2 If 8 B-Kt2, 9 Kt-B3 9 P x P, 10 B-B4ch, 10 K-Kt3, 11 Kt-Q5. 3 If 10 Kt-B3 10 Kt-KB3, 11 Q-Q2 11 B-Q3+. 4 Mr. Freeborough's variation. 5 Mr. Potter's defense. 6 If 13 B-K3 13 Kt-QR1 + . 7 If 9 Kt x P, 10 0-0, the position is that of column 7 after White's 12th move. 8 This variation is from the Handbucli. If 9 B-K3, 9B» Pch, 10 K-Q2 10 P-Q3+. 108 Table LXXVII.— ALLGAIER GAMBIT. I-K4 P-K4 P-EB4 P^T - 8 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 P-KKt4 ' P-Kt5 9 10 11 Kt-Kt5 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 P-KR3 Kt x P K x Kt P-Q4 P-B6 B-KB4 1 P-B7ch K x P P-Q4 B-K2 Kt-KB 3 B-Bsq Kt x Pch K-Ktsq ' 8 K-Ksq B x KtP B x B Q x B Q-Q2 Q-Kt6ch + B-B4ch 2 P-Q4 B x Pch K-Kt2 P-Q4 Q-B3 Q-Q3 3 Kt-K2 Kt-B3 QKt-B3 P-K5 Q-Kt3 B-K4 B-B4 B x P B xB Q x B Q x Q Kt x Q , P-Q5 Kt-Kt5 + B x P P-B6 4 B x B QxB P xP B-Q3 ll-Ktsq P-Kt6 P-Q4 Q-K6 Q-K2 Kt-QB3 B-K3 KKt-K2 Kt-B3 Kt-Kto P-K5 + QxP Kt-KB 3 Q x BP B-Q3 5 B-B4eh K-Kt2 Q-B5 B-Kt6ch K-Bsq K-Bsq + P-KK4 B-B4 Kt-KK3 F-Q4 P-KB3 B x P P xKt P x P Kt-B2 P-Kt6 Kt-Q3 B x Kt P x B B-B7ch K-K2 0-0 P-Q4 P x P Q-E4 B-Q5 K-Ksq Q-Bsq K-Qsq Q-Kt5ch B-K2 PKt7 + Qx P Kt-QB3 Q-K4cli Q-K2 P-KB3 Q x Qch P xQ B-B4 Kt-KK3 P-Q4 P x P Kt-Kt5 Kt-R3 B x P B-Kt5ch P-B3 P x P P x P B-K4 0-0-0 + 1 Mr. Freeborough's variation. If 8 B-K2, 9 B-Kt 3. If 8 P-Q4, 9 Q-Q2 9 B-K3 10 B-K5 10 Kt-KB3, 11 Q-Bl, &c. 2 Prince Ouroussoff' s attack. 3 If 10 0-0, 10 P-B6, 11 P x P 11 P-Kt6, played by Herr Zukertort against Herr Steinitz. Introduced by Herr Zukertort. Introduced by Herr Horny. 109 SECTION VII. THE CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT. P-K4 o F-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-K4 - P x P J3-K2 ^ B-lt5ch This lively counter attack is found in Cozio; it was subsequently analyzed by Stamina, Philidor and Allgaier, but the credit of bringing it into vogue is due to Mr. Cunningham, the historian, a player of considerable eminence, toward the end of last century. It is highly ingenious, and productive of many brilliant maneuvers; at the same time, it is not considered a trust- worthy defense. White has now the choice of two moves: — Columns. First 5K-Bsq! 1- G Second 5 P-KKt3? 7-12 110 Table LXXVIII— CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT. P-K4 9 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-K4 J PxP 6 B-K2 4 B-R5ch 12 3 4 5 6 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 K-Bsq Kt-KKS P-Q3 P-Q4 B-B3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 B xP P-K5 Kt-Kt5 B-Kt5 ~ Q-B3 Kt-KB8 B-K2 Q.K2 QB x P P-K5 Kt-B3 P-Q4 Kt-B7 Q-B3 P x P O-O P^Q4 Kt x B B-K3 P x P P-Q4 B-K2 Kt x K Kt-K2 Q-K2 pTU5 " Kt x B P-KKt4 3 Kt-KB3 QKt-Q2 QB x P B-Kt3 P x Kt P-KPv4 Ki-Kttich P-KK3 B-Kt5 ' B-Kt5 ~ B-Kt4 " P-Kt5 P x Kt P-KR3 Kt-B3 QB x P P-KR4 Kt-R2 PxP BxKt P-QB3 Kt-K4 " B-K3 ' P-B6 B-B4+ Kt x B Kt-K4 + Q-Q2 1 Q-Q3 P x P Kt-Q2 " B x Kt P-KB4 P-Kt6 K-Kts'q p x B Q-B4 Kt-Kt4 B-KtG K-Ksq ~ K-Ksq " B x P -jg Q-Q2 + R-KKtsq + Kt-K2 -f Kt-B3 P-QB3 K-Kt2 P-K R4 Kt-K3 B-Kt4 4 1 From a match game between Messrs. Wisker and Bird. Mr. Bird is very partial to the Cunningham Gambit, and plays it usually with uncommon ability. 2 If 5 B-Kt4, 6 P-Q4 6 P-Q3, 7 Kt x B 7 Q x Kt, S Q-B3+. 3 Wormald recommends 8 P-QB4, 9 P-B3 9 Q-Kt3 =. 4 Continued 16 P-B4 16 B x P, 17 B x P 17 Kt-KR3, 18 Q-B3+. Table LXXIX.— CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT. Ill P-K4 i'-Ki P-K B4 P x P B-B4 B-li5ch P-KKt 5 The best move, in the opinion of the Handbuch. 6 IE 8 P x P, 8 B-B3! 9 Kt-Ko 9 B x Kt, 10 R-Ksq 10 Kt-K2, 11 R x B 11 0-0+. 7 If 11 P-Q3 11 K-Ktsq, 12 B-Kt5 12 P-KR3+ ; and if 11 P-K5, 11 Q-Qlch, 12 Kt-KB3 12 Kt-U4, 13 P-Bl 13 Q-B3+. 8 If 9 Kt x B, 9 Kt x B. 10 P x Kt 10 Q x Kt, 11 Q-K2ch 11 K-Qsq, 12 Q * P 12 Q x Qch, 13 KxQ 13 P-KB3+. 9 lfOKtxBdch, 9 IU-KB3, 10 P-Q4 10 R-Bsq, 11 B-Kt5 11 K-Ktsq, 12 IU-QB8 12 P-KR3+. 10 If 0K-K2, 10Q-R5 10 P x Kt, 11 Q x Peh 11 K-Q2, 12 Q-Q5ch 12 K-K2, 13 Q-B7ch 13 K-Q3=. 11 And White draws by perpetual check. 12 If 8 O-O, 9 B x Kt+. 112 SECTION VIII. GAMBIT DECLINED. P-K4 P-KB4 1 P-K4 2 ~ It is generally advisable for the second player to accept the gambit. Such games are more entertaining, the combinations being more critical, and they are usually more instructive than the refused gambits. When the second player wishes to decline the Pawn, he can do so with perfect safety, viz : — Columns First 2 P-Q4 1- Second 2 P-Q3 7 Third 2 B-B4 ...... 8-11 Fourth 2 Kt-KB3 12 Table LXXX.— GAMBIT DECLINED. 113 11 12 13 P-K4 P-KB4 1 . P-K4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B-K3 io Q ^- Q-K3 Kt-B3 P-K5 3 Kt-K5 Kt^KK3~ B-B4 Q-K2 B-Kt3 F-KJJ3 Kt-B4 Px P Q x Pch B-K2 B4p Kt-B3 ^K2 P-Q4 B-K3 0-0 + P x P Kt-KB34 Q x P 5 P-Q4 P-KKt4 Kt-B3 B-QKt5 K-B2 B x Kt P x B 1U-K2 - B-Q3 — B-Kt5ch B-Q2 Q-K2ch ^K2 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 B x Bch QKt x B P-Q4 O-O-O Q x Q B xQ B x P — Kt-Kt3 — P-K5 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 Q-K2 B-^3 P-Q3 B-KKt56 Q-K3 (M3 P x P B-Kt5 B-K2 tt-Ksq P-K5 QxP B x B Kt x B 'Q-Q2 Q-B3 Kt-B3 — Kt-Q2 — B-Kt5ch P433 P x P Kt x P B x Ktch P x B P-Q4 B-K3 Kt-QB3 B-Kt5 KKt-K2 Kt-B3 0-0 0-0 P-QPv3 Kt B P-B4 + 1 Most of tlic English authors preferthis move, but the " Efandbuch " gives 2 B 111 as the bust way of refusing the gambit. 2 Kt-KB3 is sometimes played here. 3 If", PxPeh, G K-T52 <*, P. Q2, 7 P-Q4, V B-Q::, 8 B-Q3 S Kt-K'2, 9 Kt-K4 9P-KB3, 10 R-Ksq 10 Q-B2, 11 Kt x Beh 11 i J x Kt, 12 QB x P+. 4 This brings about a position when the gambit is accepted. 5 If 4 B-Q3, 5 P-Q4 5 P-KKtl, P-B4 G P-Kt3, 7 B-Q3=. 6 If r, 0-0, 7 P x P 7 Kt x P, 8 Kt x Kt 8 R-Ksq, 9 Q-B3, 9 P- KB4, ami though White has a Pawn ahead we prefer Black's game. 114 Table LXXXI— GAMBIT DECLINED. 7 8 9 10 11 12 P-K4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 P-K4 P-KB4 P-Q3 ■'. B-B4! Kt-KB3 Kt-KB3 7 B-Kt5 P-Q3 B-B4 B-B4! P-B3 Kt-QB8 Kt-QB3 8 Kt-KB3 B-KKto P-B3 P-B3 P-Q3 P-Q4 B x Kt Kt-B3 B KKt5 P x QP Q x B P-Q4 9 P-B3 P x P Kt-B3 P x Qf Kt-B3 B x Kt P-Q3 P x P Q K2 KtP x B Kt-QR4 B-lvt3 Q-K2 Q-K5ch B-Kl5ch 0-0 B-K3 ' K-K2 P-B3 O-O B x B B-KtS B-Pv4 Kt-B3 Q x B B-K3 P-QKt4 B-Kt5 P x P Kt-KB3 B-B2 B-K3 Q x BP Kt-B3 — B-K2 " K-Ksq ~ B x Kt Kt-h>3 — P-Q4 + Q-Q3 Q x B — Kt-Kt5 — 0-02 KKt x P Kt x Kt K x Kt + Kt-KB3 P x P Kt xP Kt-KB3 P-Q4 B-B4 10 P-Q3 IU-QB3 Kt-B4 P-Kt4 P-Q4 B-Kt3 Kt-K5 P-QK4 P-B4 P.QK3 J r P-QB3 Q-Kt3 + 7 If 3 Kt-QB3. See Vienna Opening. 8 If 4 B-KKt5, 5PxP5PxP, 6Bx Pch+. 9 If 6 P-Q3, 6 0-0=. 10 If 5 B-K2, 5 Kt-QB3+, and Mr. Steinitz points out that Black speedily gets the better game. 115 BOOK IV. MISCELLANEOUS OPENINGS. THREE OPENINGS ONLY COME UNDER THIS CLASSIFI- CATION. First— 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 P-Q4 2 P x P.— Table 82.— The Center Gambit. The positions arising from this line of play are similar, and often identical with the Scotch Gambit, which should be studied in connection with this game. The only nominal variation is — 3 P-QB3. — Table 83. — The Danish Gambit. It has received a searching analysis by Von der Lasa, the Prussian Am- bassador at Copenhagen; hence it is called the Danish Game. Second— 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 Kt-QB3.— Tables 84 and 85.— The Vienna Opening, or Queen's Knight's game. This excellent Opening was brought prominently into notice by Austrian players. Herr Hampe, of Vienna, has greatly favored its adoption and analysis. It is sometimes called Hampe's Opening, and was frequently played in the Vienna Tournament, J873. The Three and Pour Knights' game should be studied in connection with this Opening. Third— 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 P-QB3.— The Queen's Bishop's Pawn's Open- ing. Seldom, if ever, played in our day. We do not present any analysis. 116 Table LXXXII.- CENTER GAMBIT. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 l P-K4 P-K4 P-Q4 P x P B-QB4 Kt-KB3 ! Q xPl Kt-B3 Q-K3 B-Kt5ch P-B3 B-Ri Kt-B3 B-Kt3 Q-B4 O-O O-O P-Q3 3-K3 Kt-KR4 Q-Kt5 — B-Kt5ch P-B3 P xP PxP 2 Q-B3! Q-Kt3 ! 3 B-B4 Kt-B3 P-Q3 0-0 Kt-B3 Kt-K3 — B-Kt3 — B-B4 B x Pch X x B Q-K5ch P-Kt3 Q x B P-Q4 Q x PonQ4 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5 K-Ksq B x Kt 4 Q x B Q x Qch K xQ Kt-Q2 P P5 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5ch 6 B-Q2 Q-K2 B-Q3 Kt-QB3 0-0 B x B QKt x B P-Q3 B-Kt5 B-Q2 B x Kt BxB Kt xP Kt-K3 Q-R5 — O-O — Kt-KB3 P-K5 Kt-K5 Q-K2 B-Kt5ch K-Qsq P-Q4 P x Pen p. P-KB4 Px P Qx P Kt x P + QxP Kt-QB3 Q-K3 B-Kt5ch P-QB3 B-K4 Q-Kt3 Q^B3 B-KKt5 Q-Kt3 B-Q3 P-K113 B-KB4 y x Q B x Q - P-Q3 If 4 P-K5, see KB opening, Table 54, Column 7. 1\ x Pch is unsound. White may obtain a strong attack by 6 P x B 6 Q x R, 7 Q-Kt3 7 Q-BS, 8 Kt-QB3 8 Kt-K'2, 9 KKt-K2, though his advantage in position does not compensate for the loss of the exchange. In a game, Coker v. Macdonnell, 9 P-K5, to which the reply was 9 Kt-B3, with the better game. Mr. Wayte says, 12 O-O-O ! the attack oil the isolated P by Kt-K2 and Kt3 and R-Ksq, should yield a drawn game. 3 P-Q3 resolves the game into Philidor's defense, and 3 Kt-QB3 into a Scotch gambit. Table LXXXIII.— THE DANISH GAMBIT. 117 1 2 3 4 5 6 P-K4 1 r-ki .> P-Q4 J I'TF" P-QB3 d PxP P-Q4 5 . B-QB4 * Kt-KB3! KPx P' P x P? QxP r P-K5? Kt x P! B x KtP P xP P-Q4 B-Kt5 Kt-KB3 P-QB4 ,, Kt x P b pTir KKt-K2 2 O-O Kt-QB3! B-Kt5 P-K5? B-Kt5ch Kt-QB3 QxQP tj Q x Qc-h ' K X Q P-K5 KKt-K2 K-Bsq Kt-QB3 Q x Q P-Q4 3 + Kt x P P-Q4 Q-K2 P x Q Q P x Kt 0-0 Kt x Kt P x Kt 4 P x B KKt-K2 Kt-K5 Kt-Kt5 — Kt-QK3 — O B-B4 B-KB4 Kt x Kt B x Kt Q lUch Kt-B3 0-0 Kt x Kt ..« 0-0-Och B^Q6l j B x B Q-Kt4 PxP Kt x Kt B x Kt E-KKtsq 11 Pt-Ksqch + Kt()i;:; B x Kt + B x B O-O + 1 From a game Lindehn v. Mackenzie. 2 If 6 B x Pch, GK x B, 7 Q-Kt3ch V P-Q4, 8 Q x B 8 Kt x I> | . 3 If 7 IO-K5? 8 0-0 ,8 Kt x Kt, 9 P k Kt 9 B-B4, 10 Kt-Kt3 LO k't-B::, 11 Q-R5 11 P-Q3, 12 B-KKt5+. Mr. Gossip says, if LO P-Q3, orlOQ-R5, " we fail to see any ad- vantage for White." 4 S Q-R4ch and B-Kt5ch, also result unfavorably for White. We have no space for the variation : see "Synopsis," second edition, page 49. 5 Danish Gambit Declined. This simple method of avoiding complication equal- izes the fianie. 118 Table LXXXIV.— VIENNA OPENING. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 P-K4 *- P-K4 Kt-QR3 * Kt-QB3 Q P-KKt31 ^ B-B4 2 . B-Kt2 4 P-QR3 P-B4 P-KKt4 P-Q4 Q-R5ch Kt-B3 P x P Kt-B3 (See Tables 48-51.) B-K2 - P-Q3 ^ P-Q3 B-B4 B-B4 3 B-Kt2 K-K2 4 P-QKt3 B-R5ch P-Q4 ft Kt-B3 " Kt-B3 K-Bsq P-Q3 0-0 P-Kt5 Kt-Kt5 B-R3 PxP7 B-Kt5ch 0-0 ' P-R3 P-Q4 B-Kt5 P-Q3 P x Kt P-R4 B Kt-B3 O-O-O *Ktch5 B x Ktch8 q B - K3 ° B x B QB x P Q xP Kt-KB3 Q-K2 P Q- x B R4ch Px B Kt-B3 B x Kt QKt-K2 PxB v Kt-KR2 P-KKt3 Kt-KR4 PxB K-B2 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 QxKtPch P-Q6 Kt-B3 -f- Kt-B4 i n Kt ' Q5 1U Kt-K2 B-K3 B-K2 + Kt-Q6ch K-Ktsq K-B2 Q-KR4 Px P B-Q3 ., Kt-Q2 — 11 B-K3 — B x B Kt-Kt5ch4«+ B xP Kt-B3 Kt-Kt5 K-Q2 12 P-K5 Kt-Q4 6 P-B3 KKt-K29 1 A favorite continuation with L. Paulsen. 2 In a consulation game between Paulsen and Bier, Schwarz and, Schottlander, 3 Kt-B3, 4 B-KV2 4 B-B4, 5 P-Q3 5 P-QR3, 6 P-B4 6 P-Q3, 7 P-B5, &c. See Chess Monthly, September, 1879, page 20. 3 Mr. Ranken says White can here adopt the Thorold-Allgaier attack with more advantage than if the Knights were not out, or perhaps after 5 P-KR4 5 P-Kto, 6 Kt-KKtsq. 4 The Steinitz gambit. 4a From an elaborate article by Mr. Fraser upon this defense— 5 P-QKt3, see Chess, Player's Chronicle, May, 1879, page 98. 5 From a game, Steinitz v. Minckwitz, played at the Baden Tourney, 1870. 6 White is a Pawn minus, but has the superior position. 7 Mr. Gossip gives 6 Kt x P ! 6 B-Kt5ch, 7 Kt-B3 7 O-O-O, SBxP'8 Kt-B3, 9 B-Kt3 9 Q-R3, 10 Kt x Kt 10 Qx Kt, 11 P-B3+. 8 Or 7 O-O-O, 8 P x Kt 8 B-QB4, 9 P x Pch 9 K-Ktsq, 10 Kt-QKt5 10 Kt-B3, 11 K-Q3 11 Q-R4, as in a game between Zukertort and Steinitz. 9 From a correspondence game— Skipworth v. Pugh— in the Chess Player's Chron- icle Correspondence Tourney. Table LXXXV.- VIENNA OPENING. 119, 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 B-B4 3 P-B4 10 P-Q4 P-B4 15 P-Q3 4 P-Q3 Kt-B3 PxKP Kt x P Kt-B3 P xKP B-QKt5 Kt-KB3 5 Px KP QKt x P BP xP Kt-Kt5 P x KP P-^5 12 Kt-B3 B-KKt5 B-B4 13 Kt-B3 P-B3 6 P-Q4 Kt-Kt3 P-Q4 11 P-K6 P x Kt P xKt P-Q3 Kt x Kt P-Q3 P-QK3 14 P xP P xP 7 P-K5 Kt-K5 B-B4 Kt x KP P-QKt3 Q x BP P x Kt Kt-B3 P-B5 P-K3 Q-K2 QKt-Q2 8 Kt-B3 B-QKt5 B-K2 Kt-Kt3 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 P-Q4 — P-B3 — P-KR3 Q-K2 P-Q3 P-QKt4 9 B-Q2 — B-Kt5 — B x P — B-Q3 — B-K2 — Kt-B3 - P-R3 — P-^Kt4— B-Kt3 P-QEU15 10 If 3 Kt-B3, see Tables 48-51. 11 Mr. Gossip gives 6 Kt x P ! G Kt x KP, 7 P-Q4 7 Kt-Kt3, 8 Kt-KB3 S Q-K2, 'J B-Q:! 9 P-KB4, etc. 12 Or. as played by Blackburne in his match with Steinitz, 5 Kt x P, 6 P x Kt (i Q-R5ch, 7 K-K2 7 B x Kt, 8 P x B 8 B-Ktdch, ( J Kt-B3 'J P x P, 10 Q-Q4, with a salt' game. 13 If 5 P x P, 5 P x P, 6 Kt x P 6 Q-Q5, 7 Kt-Q3 7 B-Kt3, etc. 14 Or GB-KKtf>, 7 Kt-QR4 7 B-Kt3, 8 Kt x B 8 RP x Kt, 9B-Kt5, with a good opening 15 Or 3 Kt-R4 3 B x Pch, 4 K x B 4 Q-R5ch, 5 K-K3 5 Q-B5ch, 6 K-Q3 G P-Q4, 7 K-B3 7 Q x KP, 8 K-Kt3 8 B-K3 + . These moves occurred in a game, Hampe v. Meitner, which ended in a draw : also between Steinitz and two Manchester allies, won by the Former. The ex- posed position of the King is hazardous, hut lie may be moved into sale quarters. 120 SEMI-IRREGULAR OPENINGS. BOOK Y. SEMI-IRREGULAR OPENINGS. This section will be devoted to the irregular defenses which Black may adopt in answer to 1 P-K4. There are four important variations. First.— 1 P-K4 1 P-K3.— Tables 86, 87.— French Game. Sometimes called the " King's Pawn One Game." It is quite safe for the second player ; the positions arising from its adoption are usually dull and uninteresting. Second.— 1 P-K4 1 P-Q4.— Table 88.— Center Counter Gambit. A weak counter attack, invariably giving the advantage to the first player. Third.— 1 P-K4 1 P-QB4.— Tables 89, 90.— Sicilian Game. If accurately conducted, results in an even game. Fourth.— 1 P-K4 1 P-QKt3, or, etc.— Table 91.— Fianchetto Defense. This method of opening has been very popular; it is safe play, but pro- ductive of a somewhat cramped position. Table LXXXVI.-PRENCH DEFENSE. 121 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 l P-K4 P-K3 P-Q4 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 Kt-IvB3 P x P B-KKt5 5 FTP JB-K2 Kt-B3 P-K5 B^3 KKt-Q2 B-Q3 B x B O-O B-KKt5 Q x B 0-0 B-K3 Q-Q2 P-B3 B-K3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 P-QR3! Kt-K2 R-Ksq B-KKt5 Q-Q2 Kt-Qsq 6 QKt-K2 B-KKt5 Kt-B3 Kt-K2? O-O P-QB4 P-QB4 Kt-Kt3 Kt-QKt5 BxKt! P-KR3 P-QB3 P-QB3 Q-B2 " P-QR3 P x B B-K3 Kt-QB3 Kt-QB3 P-KR3 KtxB Kt-KR4 P-R3 P-KB4 P-KB4 QB x Kt Q x Kt K-K12 P-QR3 P-QKt4 P-QKt4 Q X B!1— Kt-K5 Q-R5 0-0 — Kt-B3 Kt-B3 Kt-K2 R-Bsq Kt-K24— P-B4 R-QKtsq B-KKt5 P-B4 3+ Kt-K3 Kt-Kt3 Kt-Kt3 Kt-Kt3 P-B4 Q-Q2 — B-Q3 — R-Bsq QR-Ksq2— R-QKtsq— O-O 8 7 y 1 From a consulatiOD game between Zukertort and allies v. Sehwarz and allies, played at the Brunswick Congress, 1880. The Editors of the Chess Monthly cen- sure Black's 10th move, 10 QB x Kt, and recommend 10 B-K3. In the match between Zukertort and Potter the following variation occurred, 10 15 x I', HPxB 11 BxKt, 12 P x B 12QxPch, 13 K-Rsq 13 Q x Pen, 14 Kt-K2 14 Kt-K5, and, although the game ended in a draw, the Editors of the Chess Monthly con- sider the sacrifice unsound. 2 Played in the final round of the Paris Tourney, LS7S, Blaekburne v. Winawer. 3 From a game in the Paris Tourney, Mackenzie v. Mason. 4 From a match game, Mason v. Potter. 5 An amendment on Herr Steinitz's attack, introduced at the Viennn Congress, 1870, for which see Column 7. The Knight is pinned to prevent Black playing Q-Kti! in certain variations. 6 Introduced by Winawer at the Paris Tourney, intending to play Kt-K3, which Mr. Potter says, in the Westminster Papers, is a splendid square for the Knight. 7 From a game in the Paris Tourney, Winawer v. Blaekburne. 8 From a game in the Paris Tourney, Anderssen v. Blaekburne. 122 Table LXXXVII.— FRENCH DEFENSE. 7 8 10 11 12 1 P-K4 P-K3 -> -J P-Q4 P-Q4 3 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5 ? PxP P-K5? P-QB4 P xP 4 B-KKt5 B-K2 P-K5 ? 11 KKt-Q2 P x P! Kt-KB3 Kt-KB3 P-QB3 18 Kt-QBS B-Kt5ch P x P Kt-Qli3 5 B x Kt 9 13 x B QKt-K2 12 P-QB4 Kt-B3 Kt-KB3 B-Q3 B-Q3 P-K B4 Q Kt3 B x Ktch P x B 6 Kt-B3 0-0 P-QB3 B-Q3 0-0 Kt-B3 P-QB3 Kt-QB3 O-O O-O Ji-Q2 Q-Kt3 t B-Q3 P-QKt3 P-KB4 Q-Kt3 0-0 P-B4 16 P xP B-K2 Kt-B3 B-Q3 14 Kt-B3 B-K3 + 8 0-0 B-Kt2 Kt- B3 B-K2 B-KKt5 P-B3 B x P 0-0 P xP B-KKt5 9 P xP P xP Kt-Kt3 13 P x P Q-Q2 B-K3 B-K3 P-B3 P xP Kt x QP 10 Kt-K2 P-B4 PxP B-Kt5ch QR-Ksq QKt-Q2 QKt-Q2 QKt-Q2 Kt x Kt Kt-B4 -f- 11 P-B3 — Kt-B310 — . K-B2 . P-B3 ~j- KI-K2 Q-B2 15 Q-Kt3 Q-Kt3 12 Q-B2 Q-B2 13 QE-Bsq — QB-Bsq 17 9 The Chess Player's Chronicle remark s that this move was favored by Anderssen. 10 The Handbuch, 6th edition, says— Even game. 11 The attack introduced by Steinitz v. Meitner at the Vienna Tourney, upon which the variation in Columns 5-6 are based, but in those variations B-KKtf> is played as a preliminary. 12 This retreat is necessary to be enabled to defend QP with QBP. 13 Mr. Potter suggests 9 P-QR3 or P-EKt3. 14 Herr Steinitz remarks in The Field :—" In consequence of the unfavorable third move, Black is now virtually two moves behind. 7 B x Kt would have enabled White to obtain the usual strategical advantage arising after P x B by R-QKtsq and P-QB4. 15 From a game played in the Philadelphia Tourney — Mason v. Martinez. 16 7 Kt-QB3, same as Column 1. 17 The best moves on each side, according to Jaenisch's theory. 18 Herr Rosenthal, in a game with Mr. Hunter, at Glasgow, played 4 Kt-KB3 at this point, following with 5 P-B3, 6 B-Q3, and 7 B-B2 in succession. Table 88.— French Defense.— Center Counter Gambit. 123 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 l'-KI P-K3 P-KB4 P-Q4 QxP Kt-KB3? P x P P-K5? Kt-QB3 P-Q4 PTT P-QB4 Q^Jsq Q-QR4 3 Jit x P Kt-KB3 P-B3 P-Q4 P-Q4 Kt-B3fi P-Q.B4 V-Hll-l ' Kt-QB3 ' Kt-KB3 P-K4! P-K4 Kt-KBo P-Q4 Kt-B3 B-Q3 P x P B-Kt5ch Kt-QB3 1U-QB3 P-B3 " Kt-B3 " Q x Pch B-Q2 6 B-B4 P-B3 Kt-R3 B-K3 B-K2 Q-K2 Kt-B3 KUB3 Kt-K3 " P-K3 2 B-QKi5! P-KB3 7 P-K3 B-K3 Kt-B2 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 O-O 8 B-K3 Q-Kt3 " B-Q2 . B-Q3 " B x Kteh B-Q3 B-QKt5 P-QKt3 P-Q4 0-0 P x B P-Q4 -f Q-Kt3 B-Q2 " Q-K13 " O-O " Q x Pch B x Ktch B-Q3 P-QKt3 Q-K2+ B-Q2. PxB K-Bsq + lt-Bsq " Q-B4 B-K5 B-Q3 B-QKtsq Kt-Q2 Kt-B2 Kt-QB3 B-B3 B-K3 O-O B-Q3 PxQP Kt-B3 4 QKt-Q2 P x QP Q-B2 8 + B-Ki5ch -f 1 If 2 P-K5, 2 P-K3, we have a variation of the French defense favorable to the second player. 2 Mr. Gossip gives an ingenious variation to prove that Black can not plav 6 P-K4, 7 Kt-B3 7 B-KKt5, 8 P x P 8 Kt x P, 9 B-Ktdeh 9 KKt-Q2, 10 Kt x Kt, winning a piece. 3 The Editors of the Chess Monthly censure this move, which exposes the Queen to attack. 4 From a game between Morphy and Anderssen. 5 The following variation and notes are given in the Chess Monthly, to prove that •1 Kt-B3 prevents Black developing with P-K4. 6 Or 5 P-B3, 6 B-B4 C B-KB-1, 7 0-0 7 Kt-Q2, 8 R-Ksq 8 P-B:l, 9 Kt KK4 + . 7 If 6 BxB, 7QxPch+. If 6 B-Q3, 7 Kt x P+. 8 If 7 P-Ql 7 B-QKt5, 8 B-Q2 S B x B+. 9 From a game between Morphy and Anderssen, reprinted, with excellent notes, in the Chess Monthly. 12 Q-B2 is necessary, otherwise Black could play 12 Kt-i;i. 124 Table LXXXIX.- SICILIAN DEFENSE. 1 2 3 4 5 6 -, P-K4 1 P-QB4 Kt-QBB • J P-K3 q P-KKt31 d Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 .Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 1 B-Kt2 ** Kt-B3 P-Q4 3« P x P P-Q4 PxP r KKt-K2 ° P-QPv3 KtxP P-Q113 Kt-B3 Kt x P B-QKto « P-Q4 b PxP B-K2! Kt-B3 KKt-Kt5 B-lvt5 B-Q3 B-IU5 KKt-K2? Kt-B3 7 KtxP ' Q-B2 Kt x-Kt KtP x Kt Q-Q3 4 KKt-K2 B-K3 P^KKt3 Kt-Q6ch K-K2 6 KKt-Q2 P-Q4 Q 8 B-K2 P-K5 Kt-Q4 0-0 — 0-0 — Q-Q2 B-Kt2 B-KB4 P-K4 PxP PxP q B-K3 - Kt-K4 -» P-KB4 3— 0-0-0 Kt-B5eh K-Bsq O-O — O-O 2 — O-O O-O 9 — 10 1 P-KK4+ 5 B-Q2 7 — P-Q4I8— q ft-tel il L 1 This attack was the favorite in the late Paris Tourney 1878. 2 From a Paris game, Blackburne v. Anderssen. 3 Prom a game, Zukertort V. Anderssen. It is doubtful whether 10 B-R5ch, or Kt-Q6ch, is the better continuation for White. 3a Mr. Bird introduced at Paris 4 B-Kto. Mr. Potter says, 4 KKt-K2 is the best reply. 4 In a game, Minchiti v. Wavte, 7 0-0 7 Q-B3, 8 Kt x Kt 8 KtP x Kt, 9 Kt-R4 9 Kt-K2, 10 P-QB3 10 B-R4, 11 Q-Q6+. 5 Prom Gossip, columns 3 and 4 communicated by Mr. Ranken. 6 An American invention ; frequently played by Louis Paulsen. 7 Herr Zukertort's suggestion. If 10B-KKt5, 10 Q-R4! 11 B-Q2 11 P-Q4, as given by Steinitz in the Field. 8 Mr. Wavte's move, which equalizes the game. If 10 B x Kt, 11 B x B 11 Kt x P, 12 Q-Kt4+. 9 From a match game, Fisher v. Burn. Steinitz declares the game even. Table XC- SICILIAN DEFENSE. 125 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 I'-K t P-QB4 O P-Q4 P xP P-KB4? P-K3 P-KKt3 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 B-B4? P-KKt3 P-K3 3 Kt-KB3 P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-Kt2 P-K4! P-Q4 PxP Kt-QB3 Kt-QB3 P-0.4 Kt-K2 4 Kt x P Kt-KB3! Kt x P P-K3 PxP PxP Kt-K2 P-Q3 Ktx P B-Kt2 Q-K2 <^Kt-B3 5 B-Q3 Ki-B3 Kt-Kt5 B-Kt5ch 11 B-Q2 0-0 Kt-B3 B-K3 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P- QK3 P-QE3 6 B-K3 P-Q4 Kt-Q6ch B xKt B x Bch Kt x B P-QB3 Q-B2 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Q3 Kt-Kt3 7 P x P P x P Q xB 0-0 B-Q3 12 — P-Q4 - B-Q'213— B-K2 ■ P-Q3 O-O Q- K2 B-K2 8 0-0 B-Q3 Q- Kt3 — 0-0 - P-QR314 - B-K3 — p- B4 — O-O 15 — 9 P-KK3 — P-KR310— 10 From a game in the match Kolisch-Anderssen. 11 If 5 P-Q4, Black gets the Letter game by 5 Kt-QB3. 12 From the Paris Tourney 1S67. Winawer-Kolisch, 13 From a game Steinitz-Anderssen. 14 From a game Wisker-Potter. 15 From a game Kieseritzky-Anderssen. It should he noticed that the earlier moves of this Opening are capable of numerous transpositions. 126 Table XCX.-FIANCHETTO DEFENSE. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Burn Owen Burn Owen Blaekburne Hamel Zukertort Hamel Cochrane Moheschun- der Mason Potter 1 P-K4 P-QKt3 P-KKt3 P-QB4 2 P-Q4 P-K3 P-Q4 P-Q3 4 Kt-KB3 P-KKt3 3 B-Q3 B-Kt2 P-KB3 P-Q5 B-Kt2 B-Q3 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 B-Kt2 P x P 4 Kt-K2 Kt-KBy B-Q3 P-QB4 B-B4 P-QB4 B-Ki2 Kt x P P-QB4 B-Ki2 5 Kt-Kt3 P-B4 P-B3 P xP Kt-QB3 Kt-K2 Kt-QB3 B-K3 Kt-QB3 O-U Kt-QB3 7 6 P x PI Kt-K2 P x P Px P B-Kt5ch B-K2 P-B4 5 P-K4 P-QB3 KB x P2 Kt-Kt3 Kt-B3 7 Kt-B3 Kt.-B3 P x P B-Kt5ch Kt-B3 Kt-K2 Kt-B3 O-O BP x P Px P Kt-Q2 0-0 8 B-KB4 Ki-QKt5? 3 QKt-B3 KKt-K2 Kt-K2 O-O P-QPv3 P-QK4 P.Q5 6 — B-K2 P-B3 P-Q4 8 9 0-0 — 0-0 — 0-0 — O-O — — P-LS4 — 1 Steinitz, in The Field, says:— "A good way of meeting this opening, though novel. Black's QP will either be kept back, or isolated at Q4. 2 If C P x P, 7 P-QB4, with an excellent game. 3 S P-Q4 was necessary here, and Black would have a safe game. 4 This constitutes the Fianchetto of the Indian players. Mr. Potter says it is probably as good as any other close defense. 5 Mr. Potter, in the City of London Chess Magazine, says: — "It is not good, in games of this kind, to throw up the four center Pawns; by proper play on the other side they should be broken up. 6 It would be bad to take the P, as Black could answer Kt-Kt5, regaining it, with abetter game. 7 The Editor of the Chess Player's Chronicle recommends P-QR3, P-K3, and Kt-K2, or P-Kt3, and B-Kt2, etc. 8 P-QR3, followed by Q-B2, should have been played first, says the Editor of the Chess Player's Chronicle. 127 BOOK VI. IRREGULAR OPENINGS. "The Openings on the Queen's side of the board, strictly speaking, hold the first rank among all the Openings at Chess, since they are those which, may be played with the greatest exactness." — Jaenisch. The theory of the Irregular Openings can not be mapped out in variations with any satisfactory result; consequently in works extant which have been written upon the Openings, they have been somewhat neglected. The gen- eral principles which should guide the player who selects the close game may be acquired by a careful study of the published games of the best players. The compiler has selected a collection of examples, giving the first twelve moves on each side, and inserting at the head of the columns the source from which the examples have been derived, and the names of the players engaged, and in the foot-notes the comments of the Editors in abbreviation. The abandonment of theory and the adoption of practice in the examples presented will, we believe, introduce the student to a correct method of ob- taining the knowledge necessary for the conduct of the "close game." The Queen's Gambit, 1 P-Q4 1 P-Q4, 2 P-QB4, is the foundation of many of the close openings. It is mentioned in the oldest writings on the prac- tical game, but was especially noticed by Stamma (1745). Black can safely accept the Gambit by 2 P x P, but it somewhat prolongs the development of his pieces. On this account "Walker and Jaenisch have recommended that the Gambit be declined by 2 P-K3. In declining the Gam- bit these writers have followed Salvio, who tried to avoid the perils of its acceptance by playing a Counter Gambit, 2 P-QB4. In the Gambit accepted White can continue the Game by 3 P-K3, or 3 P-K4, to which Black's answer is 3 P-K4, or White can play 3 Kt-KB3, an attack introduced by Blackburne at the Vienna Congress, 1870, to pre- vent Black from playing P-K4. We append a synopsis of the contents of this chapter. Columns. 1 P-Q4 1 P-Q4, 2 P-QB4 Queen's Gambit 1 P-QK3 ... 1 P-QB4 ... 1 P-KB4 ... 1 P-K3 1 P-Q3 1 P-Q4 1 P-KB4 .. 1 P-QKt3 ... 1 P-KKt3 ... Anderssen's Opening 1-4 The English Opening 5-16 The KBPawn Opening .. 17-25 Vant Kruy's Opening 28-29 ... 30 Riviere's Opening 31-36 Fianchetto de Donna 38-39 Fianchetto de Ri 40 128 Table XCII -QUEEN'S GAMBIT. 1 2 3 4 5 6 C. P. Com- panion, pS68 Wiener Tournev, p206 Westmin- ster Papers, Aug. 1878, p79 Staunton's Handbook, p 363 Staunton's Handbook, p362 Potter De Vere St. Amant Staunton Heral Kosenthal Mason Winawer Bristol Amateurs Staunton De laBour- donnais McDonnell 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 ,2 P-QB4 P x P 3 P-K3! P-K4 4 B x P P xP y 5 P x P Kt-KB3 B Ivt-KB3 B-Q3 B-Kt5ch B-K2 6 7 0-0 u-o Kt-B3 O-O Kt-B3 O-O 8 P-KR3 Kt-B3 B-KKt5 2 0-0 P~KR3 1U-B3 Kt-B3 P-KR3 B-Kt5 QKt-Q2 9 Kt-B3 B-KKt5 1 B-K2 K-Rsq JB-KKt5 B-R4 3 Kt- Bo B-K3 Kt-B3 B-K3 T-KR3 Kt-Kt3 10 B-K3 Kt-B3 B-K3 P-KR3 B-K2 4 B-Kt3 Kt-K2 B-KB4 P-QR3 B-B5 Kt-Q4 P-B3 11 Kt-Ksq P-B3 P-R3 Kt-K5 P-KR3 Kt-B3 P-KKt4 Q-B2 5 0-0 B-R4 B-KR4 ! KKt-Q4 12 P-KK14! B-K3 R-KKtsq P-Q1U4 Kt-K2 P-QR3 B-K4 Q-K2 Qkt-Q4 B-B3 B-Q3 P-KB4 13 Q-B3 — B-K.3 — KR-Ksq Kt-Q3 B-Kt3 — B-KKt3 Kt-K5 Kt-K5 — Kt-K5 + Kt-Pv4 — 8 P-KR3 should have been played by Black: it is almost indispensable for both plavers to take this precaution early in this opening, as Black has now to re- treat 'J B-K2. 2 Premature before developing Kt-B3. 3 Mr. Potter recommends 9 B-K3. 4 The best move to preserve the QP. 5 Threatening Kt-KKtu, which might cost Black a piece. 6 B-Q3 is the proper square in this opening. Table XCIII.— QUEEN'S GAMBIT. 129 7 8 9 10 11 12 Wiener C. P. Chro- Field Staunton's Westmin- Westmin- Congress, nicle, 1873 Handbook, ster Papers, ster Papers, p 218 p 365 Sept. 187£ 1-117 Heral Owen Owen Harwitz Blackburne Blaekburne Rosenthal Boden Burn and others Rosenthal Clerc Kieseritzky and others 1 " 2 3 4 5 B-Kt5ch LU-KB3 Kt-KB3 B-K2 P-K3 q B-Q'2 K t-QB3 Kt-K'2 . Kt-B3 Kt-B3 B x JJch B-Q3 FxP B-K5 _ O-O ~ P-QK3 Kt-KB3 11 P-K4! P-KB4 9 P-K3 Kt-KB3 P-Q5 P x P 10 P-K3 P-K3 Kt-KB3 P-KB4! 7 B x P Kt-KB3 B-Kt5 13 B-Kt5? BxP BxP BxP BxP 7 Kt x B Kt-B3 Kt x P? 8 0-0 O O 0-0 04J> " PxP Kt x Kt Kt-B3 QKt-Q2 B^K2 q B x P Kt-KKt5 Q-R5ch Q-Kt3 B-Q3 12 Q-K2 P-B3 B-KB4 P-Kt3 B-Q4 Kt-Kt3 0-0 q Q-Kt3_ Q-R4ch Q x KPch B x B B-Q3 li-Qsq P-QKt4 QKt-Q2 C£K2 Q x B " P-B4 ~ Kt-B3 10 E " Q 3 Kt-KG Q x R Q x P Kt-K2 _ P-QKt3 PxP Q-K2 Q-Kt5ch Kt x P P x P " Kt-Q4 11 Kt - K2 °-° K-Bsq Q-R6 QKt x P B-Kt2 PxP " P-QR3 Q x Bch P-K4 " B-Q3 ~ B-B3 ■^2 Kt- x P B-KKto Kt-K2 QKt-B3 Kt-QKt5 Kt-K4 B-Q2 ~ K-QBsq B-KKt5 qTB3 ~ B-K2 ~ B-K2 7 The best line of defense, according to Steinitz. 8 Unsound, and unnecessary. White should simply bring out KKt-K2, and the KP would fall in a few moves. 9 This leads to the objectionable defense of Schwarz. 10 B x P is also good play. 11 Mr. Blackburne introduced this move at the Vienna Tourney. To all appear- ance it is preferable to P-K3 or P-K4. 12 Perhaps P-K4 would have been stronger. 13 The best defense undoubtedly. 130 Table XCIV.-QUEEN'S GAMBIT. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1851 Tour- nament, p42 Anderssen Szen P-Q4 P-Q4 P-QB4 P-K3 ! P-K3 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-B4 Kt-B3 IU-B3 P-QB3 P-QK3 P-QKt3 P-QKL3 B-Kt2 B-Kt2 P x QP KP x P B-Q3 P xP P x P B-Q3 0-0 0-0 14 15 C. P. Com- C. P. Com- panion, p341 St. Amant Staunton P-QKt3? BP x P KPxP B-Kt5 B-Kt2 14 Kt-K5 K-Bsq Q-Pv4 Q-B2 Q x P B-K2 B x Ktch BxB panion, p 350 St. Amant Staunton B-K2 B-Q3 O-O 0-0 P-QKt8 P-QKt3 B-Kt2 BPxPl5 KP x P B-Kt2 P x P P x P 16 Westmin- ster Papers, Steinitz Anderssen B-Q3 Kt-QB3 16 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5 17 BTK2 P-K3 O-O Kt-B3 P-QKt8 B-Q3 B-Kt2 0-0 QKt-Q2 P xP P x P E-Bsq P-B4 P x P P x P Q-R4 Kt-K5 ? 17 Wiener Tourney, p222" Heral Paulsen 18 B-Q3 QKt-Q2 KKt-K2 P-QKt3 0-0 B-Kt2 Kt-Kt3 -P-KK3 B x Kt KtxU Kt-K5 16 PTB4 Kt x Kt BxKt Illustrated News Berlin Vienna Q-Kt3 QKt-Q2 Px P Kt-B3 Kt-Kt3 " B-Q3 B^Kl Q-B2 P-KPv3 B-Pv4 KKt-Q2 B-Kt3 K-Bsq 14 B-Q2 would have avoided the loss of a Pawn. 15 This exchange of Pawns is almost indispensable to prevent the B having com- mand of the diagonal. 16 There is a difference of opinion amongst proficients, some remarking that the first player should not allow the Kt to be pinned; and others that P-QR3, to prevent B-Kt5, is superfluous. 17 This is now the most favored continuation; adopted by Steinitz and others in the Vienna Tourney. 18 11 R-Bsq is better. Table XCV.— QUEEN'S GAMBIT. 131 19 20 21 22 Morphy's Games, p lii Two other methods of declining the Gamoit. from the Synopsis, 2nd edition. Harrwitz Morphy Harrwitz Lowenthal 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 P-QB4 P-QB3? 3 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 PxQP QxP P-K3 Kt-B3 4 Kt-B3 P-B4 P-K3 P x P Kt-QB3 P-K3 5 B-B4 P-QK3! 19 Kt-QB3! Q Qsq Kt-B3 B-Q3 6 P-K3 Kt-B3 PxP P-K3 B-Q3 0-O 7 P-QR3 P * QP Kt-B3 O-O + B-K2 Kt-Kli3 8 KP xP Px.P QP xP B x P B-K3 + 9 B x P P-QKt4 P-QKt4 B-Q3 10 B-Q3 B-Kt2 B x B QxB 11 0-0 B-K2 P-B5 Q-K2 12 B-K5 B-K2 O-O O-O 19 Necessary, to prevent Kt-QKt" 132 Table XCVI.— IRREGULAR OPENINGS. I 2 3 4 E u 6 Westmin- ster Papers, Aug. 1878, p89 Westmin- ster Papers, Aug. 1878, p91 Chess Monthly, Dec. 1879, pll2 Wiener Congress, 1873, p 247 Field Field Anderssen Mackenzie Anderssen Mason Anderssen Morphy Steinitz Blackburne London Vienna Zukertort Rosenthal -, P-QR3 1 P-Q4 P-KKt3 P-QB4 7 P-K4 P-KB4 P-K4 3 2 P " K3 P-K3 Kt-KBS P-QB4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 B-Kt2 Kt-QB3 P-K3 P-QB4 B-Kt5 Kt-KB3 o B-Kt5ch P-KB4 P-K3 Kt-QB3 P-K4 P-QB4 Kt-Q5 8 B-K2 Kt-QB3 11 B-Q2 2 P-Q4 B-Kt5 a B x Bch. Kt x B Kt-KB3 P xP P xP P-Q4 9 KKt-K212 P-QKt3 Kt xP Q-B2 P*P O-O c P-KB4 B-K2 P-K3 B-K3 B-Q3 Q x BP B-B4 P-QR3 P-K3 B-Kt2 P-QB3 B x Kt ^ Kt-KB3 0-0 B-K2 Kt-B3 Kt-K2 Kt-QB3 Kt x B 10 Kt x Kt Kt x B " B-Q3 B-Q3 P-Q4 7 0-0 KKt-B3 P-Q3 B-K2 B-K3 QxP P x P 0-0 O-O Q-K4eh O-O Kt x P £ Kt-B3 Kt-K5 P-Q4 QKt-B3 P-K4 B-K2 K-QBsq i J -Q3 Kt x Kt 4 P-Q3 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 C) Kt-K2 B-B3 P-B3 P x Kt P-K5 0-0 0-0-0 B-K3 0-0 ' Kt-Bsq B-Q2 B-K3 10 P-B4 Kt-B4 Kt-Q2 P-KB4 P-QKt4 Q-Qsq Kt-B3 Kt-Q2 P-Q4 P-QE3 PQ4 KKt-K213 llPxP Kt-Ko QKt-Q2 P-KB4 5 Pv-Ktsq P-Kt3? Kt-Kt5 P-KR3 B-B3 14 P X P P-KKt4 6 P x P -| 2 P-QKt3 Kt-Kt3 P-Q4 B-B4? Kt-Q5 Kt-B3 KP x P B-B4 P x P B-B5 For Notes, see next page. Table XCVI. continued.— IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 133 Notes to page 132. 1 Andcrssen's attack. The Chess Monthly says, " By this peculiar way of opening, the first player abandons the initiative for the advantage to play the defense, with a not unimportant move in his favor." 2 Mr. Potter, in the Westminster Papers, recommends 3 Kt-B3 as preferable; if White take off the Kt, so much the better. Black would in that case have a strong center, and his Qli, which he now banishes, would be in fine play. 3 Morphy adopted this defense in three games against Anderssen; it allows the first player to play the Sicilian defense with a move a-head. P-Ql is the best defense. 4 This capture followed by 9 P-K5 compromises Black's game. 5 11 O-O, followed by P-B3 or KB4 would have been better. 6 A wild advance, which can have but one result, to weaken Black's King's flank, whilst the opponent has already the command of the Queen's flank. 7 The English opening, calculated to bring about positions in which each side is soon thrown upon its own resources. 8 Compulsory, as White could neither afford to allow their Pawns to be doubled at this early stage, nor could they w ithout disadvantage protect the Kt with t lie < l . 9 4 P-K3 4 Kt-KB3, 5 Kt x B 5 Q x Kt, 6 Kt-K2 r 6 P-QTU3, 7 Kt-B3 7 B Kt2, 8 P-B3. 8 Kt-R4, 9 P-KKt3 110 Chess Monthly, Aug. 1880, p 368 Zukertort Potter Staunton St. Amant Staunton st. Amant Steinitz Paulsen Bird Pitschel .Mason Schallopp 1 P-QB4 P-KKt3 P-KB4 8 P-QB4 P-Q4 P-Q3 6 P-KB4 P-K3 -) P-Q4 L5-Kt2 Kt QB3 Kt QB3 Kt-QB3 5 P-K3 P-Q4 P-K3 Kt-K B3 P-KKt3 " P-K3 P-QKt3 9 3 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 P-K3 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 B-K2 P-K3 l'-():; Kt-KB3 i;-Kt2 Kt-Kl>3 B-Kt2 4 P-K3 P-Q4 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 P-QKt3 B-K2 P-KJB4 1 P xP3 l'-B4 P-KB4 B-K2 B-Iv2 B-K2 P x P P-K3 P-KKt3 B-Kt2 0-0 5 P-li8 P-K3 Kt-B3 Kt-KK3 0-0 Kt KR3 10 6 0-0 Q-B2 Kt-B3 P-QR3 P-KR4 Kt-KB3 P-B4 11 P-Q4 P-QR3 Kt-B2 P-Q3 O-O r- Kt-B3 P-QR3 Kt-B3 QP x P P-R5 P-QR4 Kt-B3 t P-K4 2 B xP P-K3 Kt-K5 P-KB4 8 P-K4 Kt-K2 P-B5 P-QIU4 P-K4 P-Q3 P-QKt3 B-K2 B-K2 Kt-Q2 B-B3 B-KB3 9 QP x P QP x P P-QKt4 4 B-Kt2 B-K12 P-B3 B-Kt2 Kt-Ko ()-() P-QK8 Kt-B4 P-Q3 10 P-B5 Kt-K2 P-J4R3 B-K2 P x P B-K3 P-QIU4 P-Q4 P-KR3 Kt-B3 KKt-Q2? Kt-Q2 11 B-QB4 Kt-Q2 Kt-Kt3 P-B4 B x P P-QKt4 P x KtP Q Kt3 Q-Q2 RP x P Q-Ksq Q-K2 12 Q-Q6 n-lM B-Q3 B-Q3 R x Rch Kt-(»1 QR-Ksq B-B:i B-Kt2 Kl x R 7 R-B2 1 Black is early playing the Pawn same on his tender flank, the King's side; al- ways a dangerous policy, for the Pawns become stationary, and the opponent can abide his tunc for assaulting them, either with Pawns en- pieces, when there is a chance of uncovering the K, who is relying upon their support. 2 Kt-B3, with a view to Castling, no doubt better. 3 Imprudent, as it opens the diagonal for ihe adverse Bishop. 4 B-Q3, preventing the Knight being planted at K5, would have been better. 5 Staunton believed P x P would have been sounder play. 6 A very unusual, ami not a commendable, mode of meeting 1 P-QB1. 7 If 12 B x i:, 13 Kt-Ui. White has the better situation. 8 Messrs. Bird and Maedonnell are partial to this opening. Mr. Potter's opinion is. that it yields attack only against, a bad defense: all the Pawns on the King's side are weak. See Steinitz, note 3, on the last page, to column 11. 9 Not commendable— the early development of the QB is, in the Irregular open- ings, unnecessary. 10 Zukertort and Iloffer prefer 5 Kt-KB3. 11 The weak point in the opening. 1 P-KB1 is the difficulty always experienced in developing the Q\side, which becomes either weak or blocked. 136 Table XCIX— IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 19 20 21 22 23 24 C. P. Chronicle, Sept. 1880, p205 Bird Schallop Field Potter and others Blackburne and others Field Thorold Burn Field Bird Wisker Land and Water Sorensen From Illustrated News Wisker Zukertort 1 P-KB4 1 P-K3 P-Q4 P-K4 5 Kt-KB3 ^ Kt-KB3 P-K3 P x P 6 P-QB4 P-Q3 o P-K3 ** B-K2 Kt-KB3 P x P P-K8 B x P . P-QKt3 ^ 0-0 B-K2 P-QKt3 P-QKt3 P-B3 Ivt-KB3 Kt-KK3 Kt-KB3 P-KKt3 - B-Kt2 ® P-QKt3 0-0 B-Kt2 B-Kt2 B-K2 B-Kt2 P-Q4 Kt-Kt5 P-Q3 Kt-B3 2 Kt-Kt5 ^ P-QR4 6 B-Rt2 P-QKt3 O-O B-Kt5 B-Q2 0-0 B-Kt5 P-KB3 P-B3 P-Q3 Kt-QBS 9 m B-Q3 1 ' Kt-B3 B-Kt2 0-0 B-K2 P-Q4 B-R4 Q-R4 P-Q3 P-Kt3 P-KK14 0-0 ft 0-0 P-KR3 B x Kt K-Rsq P-KR3 7 B-Kt5 Kt-Xsq B x B Kt-K2 4 Kt-K6 QKsq q Kt-R3 Kt-QKt5 Q-Ksq P-QB4 P-Q3 Kt-R3 O-O Q-Q3 Kt-R3 O-O B-B5 P-QR3 10 B " K2 B-K5 P-KKt4 Kt-B3 Kt-K5 Q-Ksq R-Ktsq P-KKt4 Kt-B4 ? R-Bsq 3 IU-B3 8 B-QB4 11 p -Q 3 B-Kt3 Q-Kt3 P-Q4 Kt-Q2 B-Q2 Kt-B4 P-B3 Ivt-lv2 P-Q4 Kt-Ksq B-K2 ! 9 Q-Q2 P-Q3 R-B3 B-B2 P-KR 3 P-B4 Kt-Q3 P-0,5 QKt-Q4 Kt-B3 1 B-K2 is better, as the B can not be maintained at this post now without blocking his other B by P-B3, to keep out the Kt. 2 Steinitz says: — "It would be no waste of time to play P-QR3, to prevent B-Kt5, for White's KB seems otherwise useless. 3 What had to be done later might have been done now, perhaps with greater advantage— B-Ksq, with aview to preserve both Bishops, followed by Kt-Q2. 4 8 Kt-KB3 would have been much better; White can now bring every piece into play at his leisure. 5 From's gambit, see articles in Chess Monthly, October and December, 1879, and January, 1880. 6 White can convert the game into the King's Gambit by 2 P-K4. 7 Decidely the best; if 8 B-B2, 8 Kt x B, 9 K x Kt 9 P-Kt5, etc. 8 Black could have won the exchange bv 10 P x B, 11 Q-K4ch 11 Q-K2, 12 Q x"B 12 Kt x Pen, 13 K-Qsq 13 Kt x R, 14 Kt-R3, and as Black's Kt has no escape, the move in the text is better. 9 If 6 Kt or B x P, 7 Q-R4ch, and 8 Q.-K4ch. Table C.-IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 137 25 26 27 28 29 30 Westmin- ster Papers, Aug. 1878 ,,71 Field Chess Monthly Field City of London Magazine, p247 Bird Wiuawer Zukertort Rosenthal Brewer Nash Zukertort Potter Zukertort Anderssen Owe]] Burn 1 P-KB4 P-QB4 P-K3 3 P-Q4! P-KB4 P-Q3 P-K4? p-io: P-QK13 2 P-K3 P-K3 P-Q4 B-B4 4 P-QB4 Kt-KB3 Kt-K B3 P-QKt3 P-HB4 P-KKt3 P-K3 B-Kt2 3 P-Q1U3 P-Q4 Kt KB3 P-K3 £t-QB3 P-Q4 B-Kt2 P-()( Kt-K 153 P-K4 P-Q4 P-K3 4 B-Kt5ch B-Q2 B-K2 P-Q4 7 KP x P B-K2 Kt-KB3 P-B4 B-Kt2 B-Q3 P-B4 B-K2 5 P-QR4 1 Kt-QB3 0-0 KP x P 0-0 B-K2 P-Q5 Q-B2 Kt-K2 Kt-Q2 B-QKt5 P-KK4 6 Kt-KB3 P-B3 2 P-B4 Kt-B3 Kt-K5 P-B4 O-O Kt-KB3 P-KR4 P-QB3 B-K2 P-KKt4 7 0-0 B-Q3 Kt-B3 KKt-B3 Q-Kt3 Kt-B3 B-K2 P xP Q-K2 P-Q4 O-O KB xP 8 P-Q4 P-QR3 Kt-Q2 5 Kt-K5 6 B-K3 O-O P-QKt3 Kt-K5 0-0 P-QKt3 B x B Qx B 9 B x Kt QKt x Kt B-K2 8 Kt x Kt Kt-B3 Kt-Q2 B xli P x Kt Kt-QB3 P x Kt P-QK3 Kt-QB3 10 B-R3 Pv-Ksq P-B5 Kt-Q2 P-QKt3 Kt-K 134 P x P O-O R-Ksq B-Q3 B-Kt2 Kt-B3 11 Kt xP B x B P-QR3 B-Kt3 0-0 P-B4 P-KB4 B-Kt2 Kt-B3 B x Kt P-QKt4 Q-Kt4 12 QKt x E B-Q2 P-QKU P-KB4 P x B B-Q2 B-Kt2 P x KP 0-0 K-B3 QP x P O-O-O 1 An eccentric move, which M: r. Bird will piny in these close Opcnin CT S. 2 To provide as: ainst the looming Queen 's Fianchetto, but Kt-B3, followed by B-K'_', seems to provide against that danger, while being preferable in other respects. 3 Vant Kruy's opening. An opening well to be recommended against an oppo- nent who persistently refuses to play an open game as second player. It is al- ways better in that case to anticipate the close right in a way similar to the above. 4 Black develops the QB on the K side, ami thus leaves some weakness on the other wing. Steinitz recommends the general practice of shutting in the B by P-K3, reserving its use for the Q side. 5 Liberties of this sort may be taken in the development of the close game, yet Kt-Ktsq looks better. 6 An original and ingenious method of dealing with the close game. It sets the ordinary notions of Pawn placement at defiance, and the progress of this game shows that he does not run much risk in this deviation from the accepted principles. 7 1 P x P 4 Kt x P, f> Kt-B3 would give White a slight superiority. 8 If 9 P x P, Black replies 9 R-Ksq, threatening 10 Kt x P. 138 Table CI.— IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 9 10 11 12 31 Potter Steinitz P-Q4 32 c. P. Chronicle, Mav 18S0, p'101 Goring 33 Lanrl and Water Steinitz 34 Barnes Minckwitz Zukertort Perrin 35 c. P. Companion, P 318 Staunton 36 Westmin- ster Papers, Dee. 1875, p 146 Potter St. Amant Zukertort P-KB4 P-QB4 P-Q4 P-K4 P-KKt3 P-QB4 PQ5 P-KKt3 P x P Kt-KB3 P-K3 P-B4 5 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 B-Kt2 P-QK3 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 B-Kt2 Kt-KB3 P-K3 Kt-KB3 P-K3 B-KKt5 Kt-KB3 B-K2 Kt-QB3 P-QKt3 Kt-B3 KL-KB3 P-QB3 P-B3! P-K3 P-QKt3 6 B x Kt B x Kt P-B4 B-Kt5oh P-K3 B-Kt5 P-K4 P-B3 KPxB Q x B B-Kt2 B-Kt2 Kt x P Kt xP Q-Kt3 KKt-Q2 Kt-K5? Kt-B3 P-K4 Kt-KR3 Q-Kt3! 1 B-K2 P-QR3 P-B4 B-Q3 B-Q3 QxP B x Kt P x B B-K2 P x P Kt-B2 P-Q4 0-0 B x P Kt-B3 Kt-QB3 Q-K5ch 0-0 B x Kt P-QKt4 4 K1-KR4 Kt-K5 B-B.-q B-Kt5 Q x KtP P-K13 B-K2 7 KKt-K2 Q-K5 Q x It Kt x B B-Kt2 B-Q3 P-K3 B-Q3 P-Q4 B-KB3 P-KKta 0-0 0-0 Q x R P-B3 KP x P3 Kt x Kt P x Kt 0-0 B-K2 B x Kt 0-0 Q x KKtch B x B K-Ktsq K-Q2 Q x R 2 R xP Kt-B3 Kt-Q2 P-B4 P-B5 P-KB4 8 Q-K6 B-E5 P x P R-Kt3 Kt-B6ch P-K3 P-Kt3 B x BP BP x P Q-R4 Q-K2 B-KKt4 P x P R-Bsq 1 This move, introduced by Steinitz for the first time in this game, transfers the advantage to Black. 2 11 Q x BP might have enabled Black to escape, but after this move the game can not be saved. 3 If 10 P-KG, 11 Kt-Ktsq, and Black must lose a Pawn. 4 P-Q5 is a move deserving of consideration hero. If the Pawn can be maintained on that square White will have the better game; but it is an open question whether Black can not win the Pawn. 5 St. Amant deprived this bizarre defense from Benoni. 6 To establish B at Kt2, which prevents any advance of the adverse center; it opens also to the Bishop the important square K3. 7 P x P, leaving the adverse KP weak was perhaps preferable, although it opened the QB3 to the Kt. 8 Necessary to prevent P-K4. 9 10 11 12 Table CTI.— IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 139 37 38 39 40 Field Field Land and Field \\ ater Potter Skipworth Owen Burn Zukertort Burii Wisker Owen P-Q4 P-QKt3 P-KKt3 P-Q4 P-K4 P-K3 P-K4 P-K3 B-Kt2 B-Kt2 B-Kt2 Kt-KB3 P-KB3 3 P-KB4 lM^i B-Q3 1 P-K3 P-K3 P-Q3 P-K3 P-Q4 KL-KB3 Kt-KB3 5 Kt-KB3 Kt-K2 _ P-QB4 P-KB4 JMM Kt-KR3 B7K2 ~ FTP 0-0 Kt-KU! P-QR3 QB x P Kt-B3 B-K3 P-Q3 B-Q3 P-QB3 P-QB4 P-Q4 B-Kt5 B-Q3 P-B3 O-O P-B3 Kt-B3 B-K2 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-QKi3 U-Q3 P-QKt3 OKt-Q2 P-QIU3 0-0 P-Kt3 Kt-B3 O-O O-O B-Kt2 O-O B-Kt2 P-Q3 B-Kt2 P- K4 B-Kt2 Jvt-Q2 ~ lvt-K5 Q-K2 Kt-B3 0-0 R-Bsq P-Pv3 4 Kt-Q2 KR-Q?q B-B3 Kt-Ksq F x P 2 Kt-Kt3 Qlvt-B3 Kt-lvto PxP P-K4? P-B3 O-O R-Ksq P-Q5 Kl-Ktl K>-Qb4 1 Inferior to.3 P-QB-1. If done to take the opponent out of the books, it gives up the advantage of the first move, for the second player actually takes the initi- ative on his fourth move. 2 Not a moment too soon. It would have been most disadvantageous to allow White to exchange Pawns, and thus open room for the tiction of his R and QB. 3 The most efficient move to counteract the action of the adverse Bishop. 4 To prevent White from exchanging the QP, followed by Kt-Kt5. and afterwards B-QB3 if Black retreated B-Ktsq. 5 Steinitz counsels 3 P-KB4; if White then answer 4 P-KB4, the second player might bring out 4 Kt-QB3, and White's KP would have to remain stationary for'some time. 6 The attack here instituted does not appear as promising as the material advan- tage of a Pawn, which Black neglects to obtain. APPENDIX. Upon reviewing the examples, on the completion of the printing- of the Tables, the compiler has discovered that the logical conclusions to be drawn from the analysis is, in some cases, of a misleading character. This is not of frequent occurrence, and does not happen in the variations which are most practiced. Page 114, Column 8, is an illustration, copied from the Handbuch, and given in favor of Black, but White might play as in the foot-note 9. The Chess Monthly says, the best continuation in this variation is 4 Kt-QB3; and if Black play 4 Kt-KB3, 5 B-B4; and if 4 Kt-QB3, 5 B-Kt5. It is a source of regret that a better move is frequently pointed out in a foot-note. The compiler offers his apologies for these irregularities, and can only crave in- dulgence, on account of the labor involved in selecting, recording, and revising the Tables. He trusts the Reviewers will point out the improvements, for the consider- ation of the Student. BUY LOPEZ.— Table X. Column 5.— Chess Monthly says, 6 P-B3 is inferior to 6 O-O, which gives White the; better game, whether Black continues P-QKt4 or P-Q3 or Q-K2. Table XIII. Column 19. — We have passed over the variation 4 P-Q3 with the re- mark that the positions that occur are similar to the positions before examined in the P-QR3 defense, but should point out a note from Chess Monthly, which says that Black may safely reply to 4 P-Q3 with 4 B-B4, and then if 5 P-B3, 5 0-0. SCOTCH GAMBIT.— Table XVII. Column 15.— Zukertort prefers the follow- ing line of defense for Black:— 7 Kt-K4, 8 B-K2 S Q-KKt3, 9 0-0 9 P-Q4, leading to a better game. Table XVII. Column 16.— This important attack, introduced by L. Paulsen, is very strong. We can not find many examples, but present a few, without expressing an opinion as to their comparative merits. Goring Zukertort B-QKt5 Kt x Kt P x Kt B-Kt5ch Kt-B3 10 11 12 13 Q-KKto Q-B3 P-QB3 B-R4 1 P-Q4 P-K5 Tu5 0-0 B-Kt5 0-0 i; x Kt P x B Q x KP B-Ksq q-m Max Judd Mackenzie O-O 0-0 P-Q3 • Kt x Kt P x Kt B x B UP x B B-Q-l Q-Kto P-KB4 U-Kto Q-Ksq P-KB4 Kt x Kt QP B x x Kt B P x B x B Kt Blackburne Gunsberg Kt-Qsq 0-0 Kt-Q2 P-Q4 B-Q3 Q x B B-Q3 P x P Q-Ro QKt-B3 P-QB4 P-QB4 P-Q3 Q-B.5 Q-Kt3 Q-li4- KKt-B3 B-K2! B xKt P x B P-B4 1 B-B4 is considered better by the Chess Monthly. Table LXXXIX. Column C— Sicilian Defense. EEEATA- This Col. should read 3 Kt-KB3, 4 P-Q4 4 P x P, 5 Kt x P 5B-QKt5, etc. After 3 Kt-QB3, 4 P-Q4 4 P x P, 5 Kt x P, the move 5 B-Kt5 occurred in two games between Zukertort and Blackburne, with the following continuations: (1) 6 Kt-Kt5 6 Kt-B3, 7 P-QR3 7 B x Ktch, S Kt x B 8 0-0, 9 B-K2 9 P-Q4, 10 P x P 10 P x P, etc. (2) 6 Kt x Kt! 6 KtP x Kt, 7 Q-Q4 7 B-Bsq! 8 B-KB4 8 P-B3, 9 B-Kt3 9 Q-Kt3, etc. (140) THE AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE "SYNOPSIS," CONTAINING American Inventions In the Chess Openings TOGETHER WITH Fresh Analysis in the Openings Since 1882 ALSO A LIST OF CHESS CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. Jy EDfTE!) I:V J. W. MILLER, Editorial Staff of the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. CINCINNATI: ROBERT CLARKE & CO., 1884. PREFACE. The editor does not assume to be an analyst of chess apart from the army of chess players who have given thought and study to the openings, and played them for many years. The body of analysis in the German Handbuch is the product of ten thousand minds; and the best analysts have not been infallible, as witness the declaration of Howard Staunton that the Sicilian was the best opening for the second player. The chess openings come into and go out of fashion without much regard for individual preferences; and they stand on shifting ground, sometimes strengthened temporarily by a new line of play, and again laid on the shelf as the novelty is fully dissected and its weak points made known. It is certainly desirable to put on record all noteworthy ideas in the openings; and this is the aim of the editor, especially for those originating on this side of the Atlantic. Space will also be given to the freshest foreign analysis. Nearly three years have elapsed since the third edition of Cook's "Synopsis" was pub- lished. Since its appearance there have been memorable International Chess Congresses in London, Vienna, and Nuremberg, and several chess matches between the great masters. The proof reading of this volume has been carefully supervised, the editor regarding this as one of the vital things in the publication of chess works. His warm thanks are due to many American lovers of chess for valuable sugges- tions and assistance in collecting material. 143 RECENT PRACTICE IN THE OPENINGS OF THE BEST PLAYERS. It may be taken for granted that the chess master never reveals his opinion of the various openings so unmistakably as when he meets other chess kings over the board in the International Chess Congresses. He will skirmish and experiment in off-hand play, and give much at- tention to the hazardous moves of current analysis in the periodical press, but when confronting another player of the highest ability he becomes conservative, and his chess, in the openings at least, takes a narrower range. In the International Tournaments at Vienna, 1873, and Paris, 1878, the gambits were neglected, not one game in ten being a gambit. In the International Tournament, Paris, 1878, four gambits were declined and accepted in one hundred and two games. As the late Mr. John Wisker said in 1880: 'The present generation of chess-players seem to have convinced themselves that serious games are not to be won by tripping up the adversary in the opening, but by sound calculation and judgment in the middle of the game, and accu- rate play at the end. We do not regret the change. It puts an end to gambit-mongering — to getting an opening by rote, and playing it off against an unwary adversary — and brings the functions of the chess- player to their legitimate bearings. Chess under the congress system is likely to become more a matter of science, and less a thing of quips and cranks, than it has been heretofore. As to 'lively chess' we hold the opinion that the openings without sacrifices present abundant scope for brilliant combinations. It must be remembered, moreover, that five-sixths of the lively games recorded in print have arisen from weak moves by players innocent of great intricacies." In August, 1882, Mr. G. Reichhelm, of Philadelphia, one of the vet- eran analysts of the United States, wrote, in answer to a correspond- ent's question : "Are gambits sound?" that "the theoretical verdict is constantly changing. In the Muzio, Allgaier, Ivieseritzky, and Evans gambits the defense is at present considered to have the best of it, the strong point against the Evans being the so-called compromised defense. The Ruy Lopez opening is the strongest debut in which no sacrifice is made, but all the gambits are practically sound, for the at- tack generally wins two-thirds of the games." The Vienna International Tournament, in the summer of 188.2, lasted for over a month. We find but two gambits (Evans and Allgaier) in the collection of forty-two games of that congress published by Mr. A. Or. Sellman, of Baltimore. The London Congress of 1883, was the greatest of chess gatherings in its proportions and duration. Mr. 144 Thomas Long, the distinguished analyst, after summarizing the open- ings at the congress, reaches the following conclusions : 1. That the Regular Openings, as against the Irregular, are the favorites by upward of 3 to 1. 2. That amongst the Regular Openings the open games predominate by about 100 to 80 over the close ones. 3. That the open Regular, the Ruy Lopez, is first favorite, by a small majority, over the first close Regular, the French, viz., as 53 to 49. 4. That in the Ruy Lopez, the favorite defense is 3 P to QR3, by 27 to 19, 4 and 3, respectively. 5. That different players adopt various moves at the same stage in the same opening. 6. That the same players also adopt different moves at the same stage in the same opening. 7. That chess practice shows that at almost every step in each varia- tion of all the openings there are several roads equally safe, and that, according to the temperament of the player at the time, or in accord- ance with his ordinary style of play, will such and such a move be selected. 8. That the best players at times adopt moves — even in important tourneys — which they condemn, as is evidenced in several of the late congress games. 9. That there is scarcely in any chess opening one particular move or form of play universally accepted as the best, even amongst the magnates of the game, although there are some generally preferred, and, there- fore, so far, approaching finality in the favorite "openings" of chess. Mr. J. IL. Blackbnrne, in summing up the London Congress of 1883, in which he participated, said: "No striking novelties have been introduced by any of the players. The Ruy Lopez, as in all previous tournaments, has been the most frequent debut. Zukertort, in his openings, generally won on the Queen's side by adopting the English and the Queen's gambit. Blackburne, Mason, Sellman, and Noa, have persistently adopted the French defense. The Guioco Piano has also more frequently been resorted to in this than in former tournaments. No fewer than eighty-one games — or exactly one half of the won games — were draws." During Mr. Zukertort' s recent visit to New Orleans, he expressed his lack of faith in the King's Knight's gambit, and the King's Bishop's gambit in particular. As a first move he condemns P to KB4, for either first or second playei\ He declared 3 P to KB4 a lost game for the defense in the Ruy Lopez, agreeing there with the " Synopsis," page 29. He approved of the Queen's pawn opening and the Evans attack. The foregoing remarks show two things : First, that the masters in supreme contests do not risk their reputation on gambits ; second, that analysis of the chess openings is still in a transitfpn stage. Such being 145 the case, new ideas are welcome : and the eventual disposition of them is not always to be guessed. They will serve, in any event, to give variety to the game; while the surprises and neat little schemes of the gambits will never be disrelished. It often happens to beginners in chess that an antagonist makes a move or adopts a line of play at an early stage that seems invincible. In such a case the "Synopsis" will hardly fail to aid the student-quickly, and often suggest a counter line to turn the tables; for some of the bits of strategy most troublesome to learners are wholly unsound. A good manual in the openings is indispensable to the player who would improve and keep step with the progress of chess. Such a text-book embodies the chess wisdom of centuries, and productions of the mental ingenuity of all nations, civilized and half civilized. Yet analysis of the chess openings is not finished. There are, doubtless, errors to remove and important dis- coveries to be made. The game of chess is better known throughout the world now than any other aesthetic human invention. It is the first thing, and the only thing thus far to gain admittance into the poet's "parliament of man, the federation of the world." It is the first language to spread around the globe, none the less expressive for dispensing with words, and none the less intelligible for its unerring appeal to reason and mental concentration, rather than to the diplomacy of the tongue. The communion of two minds at chess is not subject to the limits of language or nationality. Some knowledge of so universal a pastime should be regarded as a necessary accomplishment for all. 146 THE EVANS GAMBIT. This beautiful gambit is still in great favor. In tournament, as in off- hand play, the attack wins a majority of games. Analysis has not yet found an entirely satisfactory defense against the Evans. Mr. Zukertort is of the opinion that the Compromised is the best of the defenses. For rapid, sparkling, intricate play this gambit is second to no other; and an- alysts are constantly called on to examine new lines of attack that may be adopted after a dozen moves have been played on each side. The varia- tions in the following pages present some forcible ideas. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Table CIII.— EVANS GAMBIT. 147 P-K4 Kt-K B3 B-B4 P-QKt4 F-B3 •^ 17* <•"■» HO « W I.M * 1» .. T> O _ P-K4 w Kt-yB3 " B-B4 T BxP B-B4 B-K4 0-0 P-Q4 P-Q3 P x P P-Q4 O-O P xP P x P4 P x P Q-Kt3 B-Kt3 Q-B3 Kt-QB3 P-K5 Kt-K4 Q-Kt3 B-KKt5 1 Kt x P P KB3 2 KKt-K2 B-B4 B-K3 5 R-Qsq 10 Kt x B QR-Ktsq 6 O-O P-QKt4 Q-Pv4ch Kt-Q5 ! 7 __ B-R3 Kt x P Q-Q2 Kt x Kt ! P-Kt4 P-QR3 K-QKtl Q x Kt B x Kt Kt x Kt B-Q3 B-Q3 QB2 ~ P-QKt4 8 Kt x Kt Q^K3 QrK3 ' Q-Kt5 13 Kt-Q5! 3 P-K6 + B x Kt Kt-Q5 Q-Kt2 P-KK14 ~~ K x B R-Kl "~ P-QR3 B-Kt3 Q-R3ch Kt-Kt5 QKt-Q4 12 B-K3 K-Kl ! Q x P Q-R4ch Q x B B x Pch B-Q2 P x B K-Bl KR-Kl Q-QG -.^ Q-R3 Q x BP KtxKtf 11 R-Bsq Q-Kt3 18 19 20 P-Kt5 Q x Q Kt x B P x Q RP x Kt B-R3 Kt-Q2 + KR-Kch For Notes see next page. 148 Table GUI. continued— EVANS GAMBIT. 1 This move is disapproved on page 59 of the " Synopsis," but the British Chess Magazine for May, 1884. says: "There is now reason to believe that it is the most potent form of the attack." In the London Congress, 18S3, Tschigorin made this move against Steinitz, and won on the 39th move. 2 Best. If 10 Kt-K2 10 Q-K2 is very cramping. 3 Instead of 14 Q-Q3, as given in the " Synopsis," leading to a winning game for Black. The move in the text is the invention of Rosenthal. Black can not re- ply Kt- K2 or B-Q2 without losing a P, and his development becomes very diffi- cult. The succeeding moves are from the Tsehigorin-Steinitz game referred to, which will be found in the Book of the London Congress. 4 The Compromised Defense. 5 Now generally preferred to 11 Kt-K2. M. Zukertort says it gives the most lasting form of attack in the "Compromised." The other plausible moves are 11 R-Ksq and 11 R-Qsq, lately suggested by Mr. W. N. Potter. 6 Herr Anderssen was experimenting with this move at the time of his death. Mr. Mortimer played it against both Steinitz and Zukertort at the London Con- gress, 1884. 7 Recognized as a better continuation than the " Handbuch's " 12 Kt-QKt5. S Mortimer played this move against Tschigorin in the London Congress; and 13 Kt-Ql against Zukertort in the same meeting. He should have lost both games. Black's 11 QR-Ktsq is unsatisfactory. 9 With a fine attack. 10 Mr. W. N. Potter's recent suggestion. The variations are from his analysis in "Land and Water." 11 Mr. Potter says: "Mate next move, save for a useless check. If 15Q-Kt5or Q-R3, then 16 Kt-B6eh, and wins: or (in the latter case) 16 B x Pch as before. After 14 Kt-Q5, there is 14 Kt x Kt; 15 B x Pch, followed bv 15 B x R; or 14 B-IU5; 15 B x B, Kt x B; 16 Q x Kt, Kt x Kt; 17 B x Pch, followed by Q x R, with a com- fortable superiority in each case. We would, however, desire to point out that after 11 R-Qsq, O-O, White can at once play 12 B-Q3, Q-K3; 13 B x Pch, K-Rsq: 14 Q-R4, P-KKt3; 15 Q-R3, or 15 B-Kt5, or 15 Kt-KKt5, with a warm attack in each case. There is also 14 B-Kt5, 15B-Ktsq, or 15 B-Q3, or 15 B-QR3, with more or less satisfactory results. Altogether we do not think that 11 0-0 will be generally adopted." 12 If Black takes the Queen he loses the Gambit Pawn; and if ho play Q-Q4, then 15 Kt-Kt3, and White seems to have at least as good a game as in the normal grooves of this opening. As to 11 R-QKtsq, White answers 12 P-QR4, and smiles. There remains now brt 11 B-Kt3, 12 Q-R3 (among other replies) 12 0-0, 13 Kt-K2, or 13 B KB4, or 13 B-Q3, with a sense of comfort. Altogether we think that we have made good our case, which is, that 11 R-Qsq ought to be reckoned as a candidate for adoption. We purpose dealing with PQ-Kt4, and our ideas will crop out in the form of additional variations. To proceed: 11 R-Qsq, P-Q1U4; 12 KtxP, R-QKtsq; 13 B-Q3, Q-K3; 14 Q-R4, P-QR3; 15 Q x B, R x Kt; or P x Kt (if KtxQ, then KtxPch, with an undoubted advantage): 16 Q x BP, and White has rather the better game. Instead of 14 P-QR3 Black may play 14 B-R3. White has three replies, viz.: 15QxB, 15 KtxPch, and 15 QKt-Q4. The two last named continuations, branch out into a luxurious display of variations and sub-variations, some of them highly interesting. As net result, White, adopting any one of these three replies, can at least stand his ground. 13 This may seem formidable, but, as a matter of fact, there are two replies— one being 14 P-KR3, Q-QKt5; 15 Q x Q, B x Q; 16 Kt x Pch K-Qsq (K-Bsq; 17 B-KB4); 17 Kt-QKt5, P-QR3; 18 Kt-Q6, B-B6; 19 R-Ktsq, or Kt x Pch, and White for choice. Instead of 15 B x Q, Black may play 15 Kt x Q, whereforel 6KtxRP, Kt x B; 17 Rx Kt, and, while claimingno superiority for White, wemustexpress, doubt whether his bold bid for a numerical superiority can be proved to be a disastrous stroke for him. However, there is the other answer, viz.: 14 B-K2 (instead of P-KR3). If Black reply with P-QR3, then 15 Kt-Kt5, Q-B4, best; 16 P-Kt4, with a promising attack. If Black answer 14 B-K2, with Q-QKt5, then 15QxQ, KtxQ (BxQ, 16 KtxPch); 16 B-Q2, withagood game. Alto- gether there seems to be plenty of scope for the analyst in 11 R-Qsq, answered, byP-QKt4. Our method (continues Mr. Potter) of improving the attack is im- pugned by "W. W.," than whom there is no more eminent authority amongst English analysts. He writes as follows : If vour move of 11 KR-Qsq is met bv 11 O-O, and White then plays 12B-R3, Black's reply should be 12 P-QKt4, not P-QR3, which loses too much time; and if 12 B-Q3, not 32 Q-K3 (which is all right before castling), but 12 Q-R4, and I can not see that the attack is at all strengthened. We mentioned two continuations for White, namely, 12 B-R3, and 13 B-Q3. These are the continuations which " W. W." takes up; he replying to the for- mer with P-QKtl, and to the latter with Q-R4. After premising that these moves are of such importance that they ought to be considered, though we Table CIII. continued— EVANS GAMBIT. 149 found it necessary to limit ourselves previously to more patent defenses, wo will proceed to express our ideas analytically: il R-Qsq, O-O; 12 B-R3, P-QKt4; L3B-Q3, Q-R4; 11 Kt-Kl. P-Kt5; 15 Kt-Kt3, Q-Kt5; 16 B-Kt2, with a game such as any expert would be well satisfied with. White might also have proceeded with L6P-KR3, Q-K3; 17 B-B4, Q-Kt3; 18 B-QBsq, with a satisfactory game, nor will ii have been lost sight of that he could, ii so choosing, have forced a draw in this variation. As 11 P-Kt5 evidently conforms to White's desires, we must see if Black can do any thins bettor. 14 B-Kt2 would be sufficiently met bv 1"> If x Kt, Kt x B; 16 Q x KtP, with a good game. 14 B-Kt3 admits of 15 B x KtP, R-Ktsq; 16Q-Q3, R-Ksq: 17 QB x Kt, Kt x B, best; lSBxP, R-Qsq; 19 B-KKt4, RxQ, best; 20 B x Q, and White has regained both the Gambit Pawns. Theprettiness of this variation, arising as it does from l(i R-Ksq, which is Blaek's most plau- sible move, is sufficient justification for giving it, but the very defensive move of 16 R-Qsq was better. However, as against that line, White would be content with having regained one of the Gambit Pawns without having suffered in position. If brilliancy be White's object, he mav answer 16 R-Qsq, with 17 Kt-B6ch, PxKt; 18 P x P, B x Pch, if Kt-K3, then (B x Kt) 19 K x B, QxB; 20QxQ, RxQ: 21 P x Kt, R-Ksq: 22QR-Bsq; but we do not mean to say that we recommend this course. Still the fact that White lias so many resources open to his selection would of itself cause 14 B-Kt3 to be shirked, even were that move in itself good. There is, however, 14 R-Ktsq, but that is so .slow a method of proceeding that we would simply answer it with 15 P-KR3. How- ever, lest we mav have gone beyond the reader's range, let us retrace our steps: 11 R-Qsq, 0-0; 12 B-R3, P-QKt4: 13BQ3, Q-R4; 14 Kt-K4.* R-Ktsq; 15 P-KR3, and we should look upon the game as undoubtedly in White's favor, for now he threatens Kt from K4-Kt5, with direful effects. Should the Knight get there, Black can not play P-KR3, as hitherto, on account of P-KKt4, nor can he play P-KR3 beforehand to prevent its getting there, for then comes another destruct- ive move, viz.: Kt-Kt3. It is clear, therefore, 15P-KH3 must be attended to. Some may suggest, as a reply, 15 P-Kto: 16 B-Kt2, Kt-Kt3: but then 17 Kt-K«, Q-R3; 18 B-QBsq, Kt-B5; 19 Kt-B5, winning a piece, which is good enough, though we imagine that White could also have profitably played 17 Kt from Ktl Kto. [fere we must leave the variations arising from 12 B-R3, P-QKt4; while as to 12 B -Q3, Q-R4, we will content ourselves for yie present with pro- posing 13 B-R3, P-QKt4, 14 Kt-K4, which is the same line of play arising by transposition. *An article in the BritUh Chess Magazine for May, calls this move a real novelty, ami adds: " Clearly, in Mr. Potter's own words, 11 R-Ql, for White, in the Compromised Defense, is a candidate for adoption." 150 Table CXV.-EVANS GAMBIT. P-K4 11 P-K4 P-Q4 P x P B-Q3 O-O 2 7 12 IU-KB3 Kt-QB3 O-O P-Q3 QKt-B3 B-B4 Kt-KKt3 13 B-B4 P x P B-Kta QKt-K2 P-QB4 A P-QKt4 4 BxP P-Q5 Q d Kt-R4 Q-Q2 P-B3 10 B-B4 B-QKt2 Kt-K2 QR-QB1 P-KB3 16 QKt-KKt3 B-QB2 17 QKt-B5 PQ-Kt4 18 K-Rl P-QB5 19 15 K-QKtl B-K2 P-QKt5 1 10 11 12 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 B xQBP 2 Kt xB RxKt B-QR3 R x B Q x R 3 R-QBsq Q-Q2! KKt-Q4 Kt-K2 "" Kt-K4 QKtxKKtP! KK1-K6 KR-QB1 KKt-K6 Q-KKt5 4 Kt-QB5 R-KB2 QKt-B5 R x Kt P-KR3 6 Kt-K4 R x Rch KKt xKtPQ x R Kt x Kt Kt x Kt x KP 5 B x R Kt-B5 Q-QK5 Kt-QB5 Q-Kt4 QKt x KtP Q-Q4 B x Kt Kt-K6 QKt x KtP Kt x B QP x B Q x Kt Q-B8ch R-B7 QKt x KtP Kt x K6ch Q x Q R-KB2 Kt-KB5 B x RP Q-Kt5ch + Q-QR5 R x R K x Kt Kt x R K x R Q x QRPch R-Kt2 KtxQPch-} K x Kt R-B7ch K-B 1! Q-KB4 + B x Q Kt-B5 K-Kt3 Q-K3 K-B2 ! KtxQPch + Q-Q8ch K-R2 Q-KR4 Q x QRP + For Notes see next page. Table CIV.-EVAN3 GAMBIT. 151 Notes to page 150. 1 This page is devoted to a game between Louisville (White) and Chicago. An analysis of it, by the late Hon. Bland Ballard, of Kentucky, was published in the Louisville Monthly Magazine, from which these notes are condensed. 2 The books proceed 20 B-Ql 20 P-BC, 21 Q-Ql 21 B-Kt3, 22 P-QR3, and call the game even. 3 If B x R White mates in four moves. 4 If K x Kt 26 R-QB7 2(5 Q x R, 27 Kt-KOch +. If Q-Kt5, 27 R x Ktch +. 5 Immediately fatal: but Black's game is lost. If K-Rl, 28 P-B3 2s Q-K'c,', 29 Kt x QP KR-KEtl, 30P-KIU1+. If Q-R4, 28 P-KU Q-R6, 20 Q-B4 QR-QS1, 30 Kt-Rtich +. 6 White can not play 26 R-B7, because Blade would reply Q-QKt4, threatening mate. Judge Ballard is, therefore, of the opinion that White, on his 18th move, should play P-KR3, instead of the book move, K-Rsq. 152 Table CV.— EVANS GAMBIT. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 P-K4 1 M4~ Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 B-B4 B^Bl F-QKt4 B x P P-QB3 B-K2 1 B-Bl 7 Q-Kt3 P-Q4 P-Q4 Kt-Pv3 Kt-QR4 4 QJK2 P-Q4 Kt x KP 5 Q-Q3 0-0 Kt-K4 Kt x B Kt x B P-Q3 Q-B4 Kt x Kt Q x Kt Q-Kt3 Kt x B P-Q4 _ Kt-KB3 FKKt3 Q x Kt P x P Kt x P P x P Kt-Kt5 2 Q x P O-O P x P P-KK3 3 Kt-K3 — P-Q.", R-Qsq Kt-B3 Q-Qsq — Kt x KP B-R3 P x P — Q x Kt QKt-Q2 P-Q4 — B-KB3 Q-B3 0-0 B-R3 + Kll-Kl 6 1 This move is pronounced bad on page 52 (Cols. 1 and 2) of the " Synopsis." The variations here presented are from the Schachzeituhg, 1879. 2 This move is not given in the " Synopsis." 3 White could probably do better by waiting and developing. 4 P x P is the move in Cook. 5 If 7 B-Q3 7 KP x P, or 7 B-QIU3 7 Kt-KBS. 6 Game played bv correspondence. Continued: 13 P-KBt 13 P-Q3, 14 R-B3 14 P x Kt, 15 P-B5 15 P-KKt3. 16 P x P 1(5 BP x P, 17 QB-R3 17 QB-KR-1, 18 R x B 18 P x R, 19 Q x BP 19 B-IvKt?, 20 Q-K4 20 Q-KB3, 21 Kt-Q2 21 Q-KB. r >, 22R-Qsq 22 B-KB1, 23 B-Bl 23 B-B4ch. 21 K-Rl 24 R-KB1, 25 Q x Q 25 R x Q, 26Kt-B3 2G R-B4, 27 P-KR3 27 P-K5, 28 Kt-Kt5 28 QR-KB1 +. 7 Played by Mr. Steinitz against Tschigorin, in the Vienna Congress, 1882. Mr. Tschigorin (White) won on the 40th move. 153 THE KNIGHT'S GAME OF RUY LOrEZ. This powerful attack is adopted oftener than any other in the open games m match and tournament play. It is also a favorite in correspondence games, Paris playing it, the present year against Vienna, and Edinburgh against Glasgow. It is one of the most common openings witnessed in clubs and off-hand play. In a recent article, in the " British Chess Maga- zine," Mr. Freeboreugh says: " The difference of opinion that exists with regard to the defense to the Lopez, shows that the true theory has yet to be discovered. It is still undetermined whether it is better to play 3 P-QR3, or let the first player's Bishop stand on QKt5. The latter has been held of late to be the only 'absolutely correct defense.' The 'Synopsis' alludes to 8 P-QR3 as a loss of time in certain variations. Mr. Steinitz has repeatedly pointed out its disadvantages. In the earlier part of the London Tourna- ment (1883) Zukertort played 3 Kt-KB3, but later he played 3 P-QR3, his opponents being Steinitz, Winawer, Rosenthal, and Mackenzie. As an an- notator he i.s silent on the subject." The Ruy Lopez was adopted 53 times in the London Congress, which was more than one-fourth the number of games played. The second players adopted for their third move P-QR3 twenty-seven times, Kt-KB3 nineteen times, P-KKt3 four times, and Kt-Q5 three times. Nine of the players — out of fourteen — adopted 3 P-QI13, and five chose 3 Kt-KB3; but, while all the players, who at times played the latter move, at times also chose the former, four out of the nine never played 3 Kt-KB3. Messrs. Englisch and Mackenzie always moved 3 P-QR3; Dr. Zukertort having about equally favored both moves, and M. Rosenthal — though also using both — giving the preference to 3 Kt-KB3, while Mr. Steinitz never played the last-mentioned move. After 3 P-QI13 chosen twenty-seven times by Black, White replied in twenty-five cases with 4 B-QR4, to which Black answered in twenty-two cases with 4 Kt-KB3, twice with 4 KHt-K2 (Steinitz), and once with 4 P-KKt3 (Steinitz). These facts make it evident that the best third move for Black in this opening, is still undetermined, though 3 P-QR3 and 3 Kt-KB3 are most frequently adopted. 154 Table CVI.— BUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME. 1 2 3 4 5 1 P-K4 1 P-K4 9 Kt-KB3 - 1 Kt-QB3 B-QKt5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 JL J -KKt3 1 B x Kt 0-0 P-Q4 _ ______ P-QB3 5 QP x B ~ KtP x B B-Kt2 Kt x P P x P ~ B-Kt2 Kt x P Kt x P P-QB3 2 Kt x Kt B x Kt P-Q4 Q-Q5 ' Q-K2 ". QKt-K2 P x Kt QP x B P x P Kt-B3 P-Q4 P-Q4 _ ________ Q xP P xP 6 Pcii P-Q3 P x P Q-B3 Q x Q QKt-K2 Q-K2 KtxP at B3 P x P B K3 Kt x Q B-KKt5 Q x Qch Q x Pch P-QB3 B-Kt2 Jj^Ql P-QB3 KxQ Q-K2 B-B4 _ P-QB3 0-0 B-E4 B-KKt5 Q x QHh Kt-B3 QxQ B-Kt2 Kt-B3 P-KK3 K x Q P-K5 _ PxQ P-QB3 P-K5 7 B x Kteh B-QKt2 Kt-Q4 P-QK3 (MM) Kt-K5 K x B P-Q5 Kt-B3 B-Pv4 3 B-Kt5 B-KK4 O-O-O + B x Kt + Kt-Kt3 P-QB4 PTbT Q-K4ch or B-Kt2 + or K-Q2 + B-Kt3 — P-K5 _ B-K3 _ QKt-Q2 P-Q4 - P-QKt4 P-QB4 Kt-B4 B-KKt3 Kt x Kt Kt x Kt Kt xQP+ Kt x P P xP Kt x Kt B x Kt P x Kt QP x B QxP QxP Q-B3 Q x Q B-K3 Kt x Q B-Kt2 B-Q2 P-QB3 0-0 Q x Q B-Kt2 PxQ P-QB3 P-QB3 O-O-O B-K4 3 B-Kt5 P-QB4 P-B3 P-K5 B-K3 P-QKt4 P-QB4 B-B2 Kt-Kt3 B-QKt2 P-QKt3 0-0 QKt-Q2 Kt-K2 + Kt-K3 B x Kt Bx B KPv-Kl KPv-Kl P-KB3 P-Q-E4 Kt-KBl P-K5 4 For Notes see next page. RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME. -continued. 151 Note* to page 154. 1 This defense is allotted but one column in the "Synopsis.' - Seepage29, Col. 30. The result is given as unfavorable for Black. But we notiee that the defense has been adopted by Glasgow in one of its pending correspondenee games with Edinburgh, The analysis of thetleiense on this page (except Col. 6) is by Mr. A. P. Barnes, of New York, and was originally published four years ago in the "Canadian (.Montreal) Spectator." The defense merits more attention than it has received. Mr. Barnes says that it can be relied on for rather the better game: but this is probably claiming too much. 2 If 5 Kt-QB3 5 Kt-Q5. G Kt «Kt HPx Kt, 7 Kt-K'2 7 P-QB3, 8 BR I 8 Kt-K2 +. If 5 P-Q4 5 Kt x P, 6 Kt x Kt P x Kt, 7 P-K5 7 P-QB3, 8 B-R4 8 P-Q3 + . 3 10B-B4 10Kt-B3. 4 Edinburgh-Glasgow correspondence game which was concluded .Tune 10. 1884, by a victorv for Black The remaining moves are 18 Kt from Kt3-Q2 18 B-K3, 19R-K2 19*R-Q6, 20 Kt-QKtl 20 R-Q8, 21 K-B2 21KR-Q1, 22 P-QKt3 22 R-QB8, 23 R-Kl 23 R-Q8, 24 R x R 21 R x R, 25 P-KKt3 25 B-RG, and White resigned. 5 If 4 Kt-QB3 4 Kt-Q5 T 5 Kt x Kt 5 P x Kt, 6 Kt-K2 6 P-QR3, 7 B-R4 7 B-Kt2 h 6 6 B x Kt 6 QPxB, 7 PxP 7 B-Kt5, 8 P-K5 8BxKt+. If Black 6 P x P, 7 B x QPch 7 Q x B, S Q x Qch 8 B x Q, 9 Kt x P 9 B x Ktch, 10 P x B O-O-O +. 7 If 9 B x Kt B x B, 10 P-K5 10 B-Kt2. 11 O-O 11 O-O, 12 Kt-Ksq 12 Kt-BI, 13 Kt-B2 13P-Q3, 1IP-KB4 14 P x P, 15 BPxP 15 Q-QKt:i, 16 B-Kt3 16 Kt x P, 17 Kt x Kt 17 Bx P+. 158 Table CVII.--HUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME. P-K4 1 P^KT Kt-KB 2 Kt-QB :S B QKt5 3 " Kt-KB3 7 8 9 10 11 12 Vienna Congress, 1882 London Congress, 1883 Match Paris, 1883 Match Baltimore, 1884 London Congress, 1883 London Congress, 1883 Zukertort Englisch Tschigorin Zukertort De Riviere Tschigorin Sellman Zukertort Englisch Zukertort Steinitz Rosenthal 4 0-0 Kt x P P-Q3 P-Q3 B-B4 P-Q4 B-K2 Kt-B3 P-KKt3 P-B3 5 P-QR3 Q-K2 6 Q-K2 Kt-Q3 P-Q5 Kt-Q3 B x Kt 5 QP x B P-KE3 0-0 B-Kt2 O-O ir B x Kt B x Kt Q-K2 K-Kl B-K3 B-Q2 P-Q4 i KtP x B QP x B PrKB4 QB-B4 B-Kt3 8 P xP Kt-Kt2 P x P 4 P-B3 P x P Kt-B3? Q-Q2 P-KE3 B x Kt B-QB4 Kt x Kt KtP x B 9 Kt-B3 1 P x P QKt-Q2 II x Pch 0-0 Kt x P Kt-B4 B xP Kt xKt B-K3 Kt-KKtl P-Q3 7 10 Kt-Q4 0-0 B-K3 O-O B x Kt O-O P x Kt B-Q3 P-Q4 P xP Kt x P QxP 11 K-Ql 2 Q-Ki QKt-Q2 Kt-B2 QR-Q1 Q-K2 E-Kl O-O 6 Kt x P Kt-Kt4 KKt-K2 P-B4 12 Kt-B5 P-B3 Q-K2 B-KB4 B-K3 B-Kt5 Q-Bl QE-Q1 Kt-K4 Kt-B2 P-KB4 B-R3 13 B-B6 Kt-K3 3 Kt-Kt.3 P-B5 P-QB4 Q-Q2 P-B3 B-K2 P-KKt4 E-Kl P-KK3 Q-K5 14 Q-Kt4 E-B2 B-B5 P-KE4 QR-Q1 BB4 Q-Q2 P-B4 P x P P-B3 P-K5 P-Q4 15 B-K3 K-Rl KKt-Q4 P-B6 E-QB1 K-Q2 B x B P x B B x P KKt-Kt3 R-K5 P x P 16 Kt x B Q-Kt5 P-KKt3 KE-Ql P-QK3 B-Kt5 B-K3 Kt-R5 P x P Q x Kt Q-Bl Kt-Q2 17 P x P Qx P KB Ql B-B3 P-QKt3 P-QKt4 Q-B4 B x Kt R-B2 R-KKtl P-KKt3 Q-R6 18 Q-QR4 Q-Kt3 Q-R4 Kt-Kt4 P-KB5 P x P Q x B K-El P-QB3 E-Kl KE-K1 QE-K1 19 R-Q2 Kt x P P xP Q-Q3 Kt-Kt3 B-K3 P-B4 P x Kt Q-KB2 K-.K3 B-KB1 E-K3 20 Q-Kt3 P-Q3 + E-Q7 Kt-Q2 B-QKt5 + P-B3 QR-K1 + B x KRP Kt-B3 P x P + Kt xP + Kt-B38+ For notes see next page. RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.— continued. 157 Notes to page 1 56. 1 B-K:i or Kt-Ql is the usual play. 2 Threatening Kt x P. 3 Capturing the B would lose. 4 Mr. Ranken prefers Kt * P as giving a perfectly even game. The text move gives Black an immediate advantage of position. 5 Pronounced best by M. Rosenthal. 6 Mr. Sellman says the weakness of White's eighth move now becomes apparent. Black has effectually parried the attack, and comes out of the melee with the advantage of two Bishops against Knight and Bishop. 7 Mr Zukertort thinks this sacrifice of a P would prove unsound against the best defense. 3 This page gives the preference to games won by the defense; the main difficulty with the Buy Lopez being to meet the many resources of the vigorous atttack. 158 Table CVIII.— EUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME. P-K4 13 P-K4 14 KKt-B3 QKt-B3 15 B-QKt5 P-QR3 1 16 17 18 Nash Cor. Match New New Vienna Match Tourney, Phila., Orleans, Orleans, Congress, Phila , No. 3 1S82 1883 1883 1882 18S2 Blake Martinez McConnell MeConnell Blackburne Martinez Vincent Steinitz Steinitz Steinitz Steinitz Steinitz B-R4 Kt-B3 0-0 Kt x P RK1 2 Kt-B4 B xKt QP x B P-Q4 Kt-K3 Kt x P B-K2 B K3 10 0-0 11 Kt-QB3 P-B3 12 Kt-B3 R-Kl 3 13 Kt-K2 Kt-Bl U Q-Q3 B-KK15 15 Kt-Q2 QQ2 J6 Kt-KKt3 Kt-Kt3 17 P-KR3 B-K3 IS P-KB4 Kt- K5 Kt at Q2 19 -K4 K-Kl 20 K-K2 B x KKP+ KKt-K2 P-Q4 PxP Kt x P Kt x Kt QxKt Kt-B3 B x Kt QP x B Q x Qch K x Q B-K3 B-K3 P-KB4 4 P-KB3 K-B2 B-Q3 Kt-Q2 K-Q2 Kt-B3 QR-Kl P-K5 P x P P X P B-K2 QR-Qlc-h K-Bl P-QKt3 KK-B1 4- Q-K3 B-K2 0-0 0-0 Kt-QB3 Q-Kl - Ki-Q5 B-Ql B-Kt3 P^QS - P-KB4 K-Rl P-KB5 Kt,-K4 P-KB6' R-KKtl Kt-K7 B x Kt P x B Q x P B-Q2 B-K3 B-B3 B x B KP x B^ P-QKt4 B-Kt3 P-Q3 Q-K3 B-K3 0-0 P-QB3 P-QB4 Q-Ql P-QB3 P-KB4 Q-Q2 P-KB3 RP x B Q^R2 Kt-B3 Q xQ B x Q P-KB3 R-R5 K-Q2 KR-QR1 Kt-QBl R x RP rTr R x R B-K2 Kt-R2 P-QB4 Drawn. B-Kt2 0-0 Q-Q2 R-K 1 P-B5 B-B2 Kt-Kt3 Kt-Q2 B-K2 Kt-Bl O-O Q-R5 QR-Kl Kt-Kt3 BQ1 Kt-B5 P-B3 P-QR4 P-B3 5 PT^~ Kt x P Kt-Kt3 0-0 B-K2 Kt-Q5 0-0 Kt x Bch Q x Kt B-B2 P-Q3 B-Kt5 Kt x Ktch Q x Kt Kt-K4 Q-Kt3 B-K3 P-B4 Kt-Q: Q-R4 P-Q4 B-Ktl P x KtP + QR-Kl — ~ QR-Kl — For Notes see next page. RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.— continued. 159 Notes to page 158. 1 In notes to this move Mr. J. Russell says authorities are divided as to the re- spective merits of 3 P-QR3'and 3 Kt-KB3. An examination of many games favors the conclusion that 3 P-QR3 gives more freedom to the defending player. It is difficult to perceive how this move can properly be described as ' lost time," unless White choose to capture the Kt at once, as recommended by Anderssen; and by a rapid exchange of pieces endeavor to bring about an ad- vantageous end game. But Black has two Bishops and an open Queen's file, which Hhould more than compensate for his doubled Pawns. It may be safely affirmed that 3 P-QR3 is in no case objectionable; and in many variations is to Black's advantage. 2 P-Q4 is a more lasting attack. 3 The moves so far are identical with those in a game between Mrs. Gilbert and Mr. Gossip, won by the former. Mr. Gossip (Black) played 12 P-KB4. 4 This weakens the KP. The proper move was P-KB3 5 A venturesome sacrifice. It led in this case to a finely contested game of 81 moves, and a draw. 160 Table CIX.— EUY LOPEZ KNIGHT 'S GAME. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 19 Vienna Congress, 1882 Fleissig Mackenzie P-QR3 B-B4 Kt-B3 Q-0 Kt x P P-Q4 P-QKt4 B-Kt3. P-Q4 Px P B-K3 P-B3 1 B-QB4 QKt-Q2 0-0 B-B2 P-B4 Kt-Kt3 B-Kt3 QKt-Q4 Kt x Kt Kt x Kt Q-K2 B-Kt3 B x Kt P x B P-B5 P-B3 Kt-Kt6! P x Kt B-K1 Q-B6 B-K3 P-K4 1 P-K4 20 Vienna Congress, 1882 Weiss Mackenzie Kt-B3 B-B4 Kt x P Kt x Kt P-Q4 15-Q3 P-B4 Kt-B3 2 P-K5 B-Kt5 P x Kt Q x P B-K3 CM) 0-0 B x Kt P x l'» Kt-K2 P-B4 P-Q4 P x P Kt x P Q-Q2 lMi4 B-B2 Q-KKt3 B-KKt3 Kt-B3 QK-K1 Kt-K5 Q-K3 Kt-KB3 B-QKt5 Kt-QB3 21 London Congress, 1883 Hteinitz Zukertort P-Q3 PQ3 P-B3 22 Corre- spondence Match, 1884 Pari s Vienna 23 New York, 1S83 Teed Steinitz P-KKt3 P-Q4 P-QKt4 B-B2 B-QKt2 P- Q5 Kt-K2 P-QR4 P xP 4 B x Pch Kt-Q2 P-R4 P-K3 P-R5 P-Kt4 P-KKt4 Kt-Bl B-K3 B^K2 _ QKt-Q2 O-O B-B2 P-QB3 5 P-B4 KtatBl-Kt3 Kt-KKtl Q-B2 P-Kt3 Q-R7ch + P-Kt4+3 KR-B1 B x Kt QP x B Kt-QB3 P-KB3 Kt-K2 B-K2 P-QB4 QKt-Q2 Kt-KKt3 O-O P-KKt3 QKt-KBl P-Q3 Kt-Q2 Kt-K2 B-K3 B-K3 P-KB4 Kt-B3 P x P P-QH3 RxP B-K3 B-Kt3ch Q-QB2 K-Kl Q-Q2 P-KR4 P-QKt8 Q-Kl P-K R4 Kt-KKt5 P-KR3 Kt-QB4 P-QKt4 B-Q5 0-0 li-KBl P-KKt4 QB x Kt K-R2 Game P-KR5 still in Kt-K2 B-Q3 K Kt-KKtl Kt-K2 P-KB3 K-B2 K-Rl KR-Q1 P-Q4 + 24 Match New Orleans, Wurm Blackmar P-KB4 6 P-Q3 7 P x P 8 " P xP Q-K B3 0-0 B^Q3 QKt-B3 KKt-K2 Kt-Q5 Kt x Kt Q x Kt Kt-K2 Q-Kt3 P-KR3 B-K2 P-QKt3 Kt-Q2 B-Kt2 P-KB3 Kt-Kt3 Kt-B4 B-QB4ch K-Bl Kt-B5 B x Kt Q x B QR-Q1 P-KR4 Kt-E5 QB-B1 Q-Q5 QK-Ktl Kt-B6 + For Notes see next page. RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.— continued. 161 Notes to page 160. 1 B-K3 is the usual move. 2 Mr. Sellman says the move usually recommended is Kt-Kt3, but the move in the text seems preferable as it embarrasses White's development after 10 Q x P. 3 Clearing the position at Kl for his Rooks. 4 Leaving the beaten track. 5 Black took the attack at this point, and won after a hard contest of ninety moves. 6 Mr. C. A . Maurian says this counter gambit yields the second player a very in- ferior game in the opinion of most authorities, but against an opponent not well versed in the books, it is apt to produce a strong counter attack. 7 4 P-Q4 or Q-K2 are also good. 8 4 Kt-Q5 is preferable. 162 THE FRENCH DEFENSE. This conservative, but not necessarily slow, method of replying to the at- tack's 1 P-K4, is very much in vogue in formal and off-hand play. It was played forty-nine tim< j s at the London Congress of 1883. Blackburne, Mason, Noa, Sellman, and Winawer defended with the French 43 times in the total of 49 games. Tschigorin chose it twice, Skipworth three times, and Mackenzie once. The remaining six of the fourteen contestants, Bird, Englisch, Mortimer, Rosenthal, Steinitz, and Znkertort, did not play it at all. In the 49 games the attack proceeded 2 P-Q4 46 times; 2 P-K5 twice (Steinitz); and 2 P-KB4 once (Englisch). The old line of play, laid down in Staunton's " Handbook," viz.: 1 P-K4 I P-K3, 2 P-Q4 2 P-Q4, 3 P x P 3 P x P, was adopted at the Congress but II times. A'more recent form, not spoken of in the "Handbook," viz.: 1 P-K4 1 P-K3, 2 P-Q4 2 P-Q4, 3 Kt-QB3, was adopted by the attack 33 times. The defense replied 3 Kt-KB3 31 times, and B QKt5 twice. This more modern attack, 3 Kt-QB3, was invariably chosen by Bird, Blackburne Mackenzie, Mortimer, Noa. Tschisrorin, and Winawer. Mr. Sellman always adhered to the older 3 P x P, the remaining contestants varying the move. After 3 ^"^•p 3 . While adopted 4 B-KKt5 18 times, and 4 P x P 9 lv -KB3 l ' times; a majority of 2 to 1 in favor of the former. Blackburne and Mort-. imer adopted both forms. Invariably Steinitz, Mackenzie, Winawer, Mason, Bird, and Englisch attacked with 4 B-KK45. and Noa, Tschigorin, and Rosenthal with 4 P x P. Mr. Thomas Long remarks of the frequent employment of the French De- fense in the London Congress that: "We might, at first sight, naturally conclude from these figures that one considerable section of these fine players hold the theory that, in the battle for position in the ' openings' of Chess, Black can not hope to equalize the game in as short a period (if at all) by adopting the open game of 1 P-K4 as when he moves 1 P-K3, but we must consider that it by no means follows that, because the second player adopts the 'French,' the 'Sicilian,' or 'Irregular game, that he is of opinion that the attack in theory must obtain the better position in the open game. He may be desirous of avoiding some particular opening with some especial antagonist. "Likewise with the first player: it does not necessarily follow that, because he sometimes opens with some irregular or bizarre move as 1 Kt-KB3 or 1 Kt-QB3, as in the Congress games, that he holds that the defense must ob- tain the better position in the open regular of 1 P-K4. He too, doubtless, has his object at the time he thus commences his game — for we find the same players moving P-K4 or otherwise on the first move. "The fact is, theory holds — however practice may vary — that the second player can equalize the game in every opening commencing with 1 P-K4 on 163 both sides — in some openings a little earlier than in others — awl also that the first player need have no fear (where, as in the Gambits, he does not make sacrifice of material) of even the best defenses in aty of the open games." In the autumn of 1883 "Land and Water" published the following appre- ciative estimate of this opening: "It is now nearly forty years since Staunton commended the French Defense inasmuch as it ' by nullifying the advantage of the first move, gives a higher tone and character to the game than it possesses while chance is an admitted element of the struggle.! The accuracy' of this opinion has been, to a large extent, verified by the open- ing's subsequent career; for though the adoption of 1 P-K3 by Black does not entirely deprive White of the profit derived from playing first, yet at any rate it goes nearer than any other defense to placing the players on an equal- ity at starting. Nevertheless, though this has at no time been doubted, the French Defense was, until a comparatively recent period, treated with much scorn. It was considered a mean and cowardly method of opening. Now all is changed, and its adoption by experts of the first rank is frequent in important games. Mr. Blackburne, as is well known, scarcely ever plays otherwise. It was a favorite with the late Mr. De Vere, and also with Mr. W. N. Potter in his day of active play, and it is likewise much used by Mr. Mason, so that altogether it might much more appropriately be called the Anglo-Saxon Defense than the name which its adoption by Labourdonnais against McDonnell caused it to receive- It scarcely needs mentioning that Labourdonnais was not the first by a good many r to move I P-K3 as second pla} er. How old the opening is no one knows ; but as Lucena alludes there- to it is very clear that Chess pla3*ers four centuries ago opened their games in this fashion. The special features of the French Defense (in its normal grooves) are very easily stated. The Bishops on both sides become imme- diately liberated and capable of a free action. No clogging, no blocking up. The King's Knight comes quietly out, and Castling may T quickly take place. As neither side can hinder that operation, so, and for that very rea- son, a speedy resource to Castling by each player becomes advisable, lest the adversary's King's Rook, which so early 7 takes part in the fray, should prove mischievous. The Queen's Knights are also fit for fighting, and the Queen's Rooks are in nowise prevented from responding to any call for their services. The rapid development of pieces on both sides is therefore a special feature of the French Defense. As a consequence thereof i* must be admitted that there is in the opening a want of that richness which at- tends a slow, complex development, and also a deficiency of sparkling posi- tions. Another notable feature is the marked augmentation of the power of the Bishops with its corollary in a sensible diaiiaution of scope on the part of the Knights, so that the latter are sometimes only useful as corks for the stopping up of diagonals. A third very remarkable peculiarity of this opening is the active part played by the Rooks therein, while as a winding- up characteristic it is worth noticing that the Queen often has to play the undignified part of staying behind Bishops and backing them up. All these points represent one and the same meaning. There is a free board, and this is the ear-mark of the French Defense." 164 Table CX.— FRENCH DEFENSE. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vienna Congress, 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Match Havana, 1883 Match Phila., 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Steinitz Schwarz Steinitz Mason Steinitz Fleiesig Steinitz Golmayo Steinitz Martinez Steinitz Winawer 1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-K5 1 P-QB4 2 P-Q4 P-QK3 5 P-KB3 ! 7 3 PKB4 QKt-B3 3 P x Pe.p. P-KB4 P-Q4 P-Q4 B x P PxP P-QB4 4 KKt-B3 P-Q4 P-Q4 P x Pe.p. P xQBP Kt-R3 Kt-K2 4 Kt-KB3 B xP B xP r P-KKt3 B-K2 P-QKt3 B-Q3 Kt-Kt3 P-KB4 P-Q4 P-QB4 Kt-QB3 O P-Q4 Q-B2! 6 B-Kt2 O-O B-Kt2 KKt-B3 Kt-B3 B-Q3 QKt-B3 P x P B-KB4? Kt-B4 Q-R4ch Q-Kt3 7 P-Q3 P-B3 Kt-B3 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 Q-Q2 P-B3 R-QKtl Kt-Kt5 B-Q3 Q x BP B x Pch 8 PxP B xP Q-K2 B-Kt2 B-QB4 P-QB3 P-QB3 Q-B2 B-Q3 KKt-B3 Q x B Q xP 9 0-0 Kt-B2 P-Q3 B-K2 Kt-K4 B-B2 P-KKt3 B-Q2 Q-K2 K-Q2 B-Q2 Qx R 10 P-B3 Kt-Q2 0-0 Kt-Q2 KKt-B3 Kt-Kt5 R-Ktl P-Q4 0-0 P-KR3 Kt-B3 Kt-R3 11 Kt-K3 P-QKt3 P x Pe.p. Kt x QP R-Kl Kt-K5 B xKt(?) B-K3 Q-QR4 Kt-Q6ch Kt-Q4 K-Bl 12 Kt-B2 B-Kt2 o-o • O-O Kt-B5 Kt-R5 BP x P KKt-Ktl 0-0 B-B4 B xKt P x B 13 Kt-K3 P-Q4 Pv-Ql Q-Bl Kt-K5 0-0 P-QR3 B x Bch Q-QB5 Kt-B4 KKt-K2 Kt-K2. 14 Kt-Kt4 P-K4 Kt-Bl E-Ql P-QB3 B x Kt Q-R5 P-KKt3 Q x B Kt-K2 Kt-KKt5 Q x R 15 Kt x Bch PxKt B-K3 B-K3 R x B Kt-B3 Q-E4 Q-Q2 Q-B4ch PxP E-KK2 PxP 16 Kt-R4 Kt-K2 Q-QB2 Kt-Kl E-Kl Kt-KB3 0-0-U K-Rl Q-KU B-R6ch 8 P-KE3 K-Ktl 17 Px P PxP B-KB2 R-QKt2 Q-B3 Kt-Q4 Kt-Kt5 Q x Q Q-Q4 E-Kt2 (a) Kt x Q " QxKP 18 Q-Kt4ch Kt-K3 B-Kt3 QxP KR-K1 B-B4 K-Rl QR-Q2 P-QKt3 QR-KKtl Kt-KKt5 " Q-R4 19 Q-R5 Q-Kl Kt-Kl Kt-KB3 Kt-Q3 E x P Kt-K4 K-K2 Q x BP B-E3 Kt-KB4 " Kt-Q4 20 P-Q4 + Q-K2 — Kt-K5 + B x Kt + P-KR3 -f i 5 Q-Q8ch B-QKt2 — K-Kt2 9 For Notes see next page. Table CX. continued— FRENCH DEFENSE. 165 Notes to page 164. 1 One of several innovations tried by Mr. Steinitz at this Congress. 2 Mr. Sellman would prefer 2 P-Q4 or 2 P-KB3. 3 Mr. Max Judd suggests for Black 3 P-KKt4, with the view of isolating White's KP. 4 Not good. The Kt should have gone to B3. (a) Black should have Castled at his 11th move. 5 Novelty for novelty. 6 The game ran up to nearly GO moves, Mr. Steinitz winning at last by a slight ad- vantage in position. 7 Mr. Gunsberg and the London Chess Player's Chronicle, approve of this reply. Should White take the P, Black retakes with the Kt, thereby having won a move. If White support his exposed KP, Black further developes his attack on the advanced position. 8 It is said, that this move cost Steinitz £70 and a division of the first honors at the Vienna Congress. The game is one of those fought after the last round to de- cide the tie, the result being another and final tie. 9 Continued, 21 Q-QR5 21 Kt x B, 22 Q-B3eh 22 P-K4, 23 Kt x Kt 23 Q-Kt4, 21 P-Kt3 24 K-Bl, 25 Kt-K4 25 Q-K2, 26 Kt-Q5 20 Q-K3, 27 Kt-B7 27 Q-R3ch, and White re- signed. 166 Table CXI.— FRENCH DEFENSE. 7 8 9 10 11 12 Vienna Congress, 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Toronto, 1884 Nuremberg Congress, 1SS3 New Orleans, 1883 Weiss Schwarz Rosenthal Noa Wittek Mason Zukertort Aid. Judd Fritz Mason Zukertort McComiell 1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 B-QKt5 9 4 P x P P x P B-KK5 B-K2 P x P B x Ktch 5 Kt-B3 J3-Q3 B x Kt B x B P x B P x P 6 B-Q3 O-O Kt-B3 O-O 8 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 7 0-0 P-B3 P-QPv3 B-KKt5 0-0 0-0 B-Q3 P-QKt3 B-K2 B-KKt5 Kt-KB3 8 P-KE3 B-E4 Kt-K2 Q-B2 B-K3 O-O B-KKt5 B-K2 P-KE4 ! 0-0 10 B-Kt2 • Kt-K5 9 P-KKt4 Kt-Kt3 P-Pv3 E-Kl P-K5 Q-Q3 B-Kt3 B-KKt5 B-K3 P-KK3 B-K2 O-O 10 P-Kt5 1 Kt-R4 P-KK3 B-K3 0-0 Q-Q2 B-K3 6 Kt-QKt5 B x Pch P-B4 KxB P-QB3 11 Kt xP Kt-Kt5 E-Kl B-KB1 Kt-Kt5ch P x P P-QB3 E-Kl KE-K1 B-KB4 K-Kt3! PxP 12 Kt-B3 2 P-KB4 B-KK15 E-Bl Kt-K2 P-QB4 Kt-Q2 P-KB3 K-El Kt-K5 B x Kt Kt-Q«3 13 Kt-K2? 3 Kt x B Q-Q2 Kt x Kt P x B E-QKtl? E-Kl R x Kt Kt-KE4 P x Kt P-KB4 B-KB4 14 K-Kt2 Kt-Bl Kt-B5 B-Bl 5 P-B3 P-QE3 B-Kl5 7 KtPxPe.p. E-El P xP QKt-Q2 Kt-KKt6 15 Kt-Kt3 Kt-B5ch Kt x B Q x Kt B-K3 P-B4 P xKt P x Kt Kt-B4ch Q-Ql K-B2 Kt x Bch 16 B xKt KB x B P-B3 Kt-K2 Kt-B3 Px P B-KE4 Q-Kt4 E x Ech Q x Kt Kt-K5 B x E 17 P-KB4 P-B5 B-B4 P-B3 K-Q2 Px Kt Q-Q2 E-K2 Kt-K5 B-Q3 P xP P x P 18 P-B3 Q-Kt5 B-KB4 Q-B3 Q-Bl B-Kt2 Q-Kt6ch K-K2 B-E3 Q-K2 Q-E5 E-Kl 19 E-El Q-Kt4 B x B P-E3 Q-Kl7eh Q-B4 BxKt QR-K1 Px U Q-B3 K-Kl B-K5 20 P x B QR-Q1 Kt-E2 P-QKt5 Q-Kt8ch + Kt-K5 B-K6 + P-K3 4 Q-E5 P-113 + E x Kt + Black won L. For Notes see next page. Table CXI. continued.— FRENCH DEFENSE. 187 Notes to page 166. 1 Mr. Steinitz said this is new, and it is strange that the simple combination of the last two moves, which wins a P, should not have been adopted before. Though Black obtains some counter attack, this does not outweigh the mate- rial loss. 2 Best, to prevent Kt-B5. 3 An error. It was here important to gain a move, which could have been cf fected by Kt-K4, compelling an exchange of pieces or the retreat of the B. 4 White won in an end game, having two Bishops against two Knights. 5 Loss of time. Mr. Sell man says Kt-K5 would have relieved him at once from the threatened pressure. 6 Dr. I. Ryall says, B-R4 is better. The text move confines White's pieces, and apparently gives the attack to Black. 7 P x Kt would be better, winning a P, with a good position. 8 Premature. 9 This move, with the capture of the Kt that follows, is condemned by the au- thorities ; but Mr. McConnell prefers it to 3 Kt-KB3 for the defense. 10 B-R3 would hamper Black's game. 168 Table CXII.— FRENCH DEFENSE. 13 14 15 16 17 18 Vienna Congress, 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Toronto, 1S83 Vienna Congress. 1882 Paulsen M ason Tschigorin Noa Tschigorin Fleissig Zukertort Kittson Mackenzie Noa 1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 P-K5 P-QB4 P X P P X P 4 P-QB3 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 Kt-KB3 5 Kt-KB3 B-Q2 B-Q3 B-Q3 6 B-Q3 Q-Kt3 0-0 O-O B-KKt5 Q-K2ch 7 P xP B xP Kt-B3 P-B3 t P-QKt3 B-KKt5 4 B-K2 P-KB3 8 0-0 Q-B2 Kt-K2 Q-B2 B-KKt5 B-KKt5 P-QB4 P-QB3 B-R4 B-KKt5 9 B-KB4 KKt-K2 Kt-Kt3 B-K3 P-KR3 B-R4 QKt-Q2 QKt-Q2 QKt-Q2 QKt-Q2 10 P-QKt4 B-Kt3 P-Kt3 1 P-KKt42 B-Kt3 Q-B2 Pv-Kl P x B3 O-0-O 11 P-QB4 P-QR3 Kt-K5 Q-B2 B-Kt2 QR-QB1 0-0 QKt-Q2 P-KKt4 12 R-Kl Kt-Kt3 P-B4 B xB P-B4 Q-Kt3 P-B5 B-Ktl B-Kt3 B x B 13 B-Kt3 QKt-K2 Q xB QKt-Q2 Kt x Kt Kt xKt P-Kt4 B x Kt RP x B Kt-K5 14 P-KR4 P-KK3 QPv-Kl QR-K1 P-B5? Q x Pch Kt x B Kt-Bl Kt x Kt P x Kt 15 QKt3 K-QB1 Q-B5 K-Kt2 P-B3 P-Q1U Kt-K5 Kt-Q2 R-K3 P-KR4 ! 1(3 R-K2 B-K2 Kt x Kt Q x Kt P x B P-Kt5 Q-B2 B xB P x B PxB 17 P-KE5 Kt-Bl B xKt P x B Kt-K2 Q-Kt3 KR-K1 Kt-Kt4 QxP P-K6 18 R-B2 P-QKt4 Kt-K2 Q-K2 3 B-B5 Q-K6 Kt-K5 P-KB3 KR-K1 P-KB4 5 19 PxP B x P R-B2 R-Kl R-B3 Q-K4 P-B4 P x Kt 20 B x B P x B-j- P-KR4 K-K5 -j- P x Pch K-Kl + QPx P Kt-K5-f For Notes see next ipaqe* Table CXII. continued. -FRENCH DEFENSE. 169 Notes to pcuje 168. 1 A new idea played successfully by Mr. Zukertort at the London Congress. Mr. Freeborough says this move of White is to be recommended, as it enables him to conduct on both wings operations that may supplement each other. 2 A line of attack first prominently brought into notice at this tournament by the Vienna players. 3 Black takes the attack from this point. 4 This move was adopted in reply to 7 Kt-BD in a series of games between Messrs. Judd and Kittson of the Hamilton, Ontario, Chess Club, and they are of the opinion that 7 B-KKto is Black's best move. 5 Mr. Sellman says this is to the point. Should White now play 19 Qx BP Black responds with 19 KR-B1, and the following would be the best moves in continu- ation : 20 RxP 20 Q x It, 21 Q x Kteh 21 R x Q, 22 P x Q, and Black comes out with the exchange against two clear Pawns ; the chances appearing to be about equal. White eventually won, Black letting victory slip through his fingers. 170 THE SCOTCH GAMBIT. No very prominent novelty in this Gambit has been presented within the last three years. The opening, as generally played now, is not a Gambit; the Pawn being recaptured on White's fourth move. Nearly all variations of the Scotch lead to highly interesting and often brilliant positions, and it is a game prolific of counter attacks for Black. The neglect of such open- ings in tournaments and matches is typical of the state of affairs which in-, duced Mr. John Ruskin to write recently to an English periodical, " Chess, I urge pupils to learn, and enjoy it myself to the point of its becoming a temptation to waste of time often very difficult to resist; and I have really serious thoughts of publishing a selection of favorite old games by chess- players of real genius and imagination, as opposed to the stupidity called chess-playing in modern days. Pleasant 'play,' truly! in which the oppo- nents sit calculating and analyzing for twelve hours, tire each other nearly into apoplexy or idiocy, and end in a draw or a victory by an odd Pawn." "While Mr. Ruskin does not quite do justice to the modern time limit system in set encounters, he will find a multitude to agree with him that the favor- ite old games are more interesting than those of the present day. Tabic CXIII.-SCOTCH GAMBIT. 171 P-K4 P-K4 Kt-K B3 Im-i>|;:: P-Q4 P x P Match London, 1882 Com'l Gaz. Cor. Tournev, 1883 ' Hamilton Ontario Tourney, 1832 Nuremberg Congress, 1883 Challenge Cup Manchester 1884 st. George's v. Bristol , ainl Clifton, 1884 Blackburne Mackenzie Ferris Braithwaite Braithwaite Henderson Blackburne Gunsberg Von Zabern Jones Wayte Fedden 4 KtxP 13-B4 B-K3 5 Q-B6 6 P-QB3 KKt-K2 7 Kt-B2 1 B-QB4 Q-Q2 P-KB4 B-Kt3 2 Kt-K4 Kt x Kt P-Q4 8 QKt-B3 3 Q-Kt3 B-Kt3 O-O P xKt B-Kt3 P-K5 Q-KR3 Q-K5ch 9 P-B3 Kt-Ql 0-0 P-Q3 Kt-B3 Q-Q2 P-KKt3 P-KR3 Kt x Kt 8 Q-Kt5 10 Q-Q2 Kt-K3 P-KR3 B-Q2 B-QB4 P-Q3 P xKt B-K2 10 B-QKt3 Q-lio 11 Kt-B4 P-Q3 Kt-Q2 0-0 Kt-B3 B-Q3 B-K B4 B-B3 KKt-Kt3 B-Kt3 12 KtxB P-KB4 Kt-Q5 Kt-QB3 Kt-R3 RP x Kt Kt-QBa Q-Kt3 R-Ql P-KR4 13 B-QB4 O-O P-KB5 KKt-K2 KR-K1 0-0 Q-Q2 KKt-K4 O-O O-O Kt x Kt 14 P-KKt4 Kt-B3 Kt-(Q2)-KB: Kt-K4 3 Q-R5 QR-B1 P-QKt4 P x Kt P-KKt3 K-ttl Q-Kt3 Q-Q2 15 0-0-0 4 Kt-K4 K-Rl P-KR3 P x P Kt-B4 B-K2 0-0-0 11 QxP ' Q-R2 P-QK4 Q-B3oh 16 B-K2 lit- 134 Kt x Kt P x Kt 6 Q-R4 K-Kt2 P-QKt4 P-B4 P-QR3 Kt-QB3 K-Ktl B-B4oh 17 B x Kt Kt-K6 li x Bl B-Ql P-KB4 P-K5 P-Kt4 ? Kt-QR4 B-R2 9 K-Rl KtP x B Q-Kt3 18 P-K B4 Kt-B3 Kt x Pv B-QB3 B-KR5 P x P P-QKt5 R-QB1 Q-B3 P x Kt Kt-K2 P-Q 3 19 P-B5 Q-B3 Kt-Q7 Q-K14 B-KKt5 + B x P QxP KR-K1 P x P B-K5 K-Q2 20 P-Kt5 Q-K4 5 Kt x P + 13 x P B-Q2 7 B-KB3 + Kt-Ktl — B-Kt5 — For Notes see next page. 172 Table CXIII. continued.- SCOTCH GAMBIT. Notes to page 171. 1 The usual continuation for White here is B-QB4, B-QKt5, or Q-Q2. 2 P-Q3 may also be played. Mr. Steinitz commended the Captain's move, as he obtained an open Rook's file later on when the Bishops were exchanged. 3 Mr. Steinitz would have preferred Kt-Q2. Black is able to defeat White's inten- tion to exchange the B. and play Kt-Kt5. 4 White should Tather have continued the advance on the K side with P-KR4. 5 Continued, 21 B-B3 21 R x P, and Black won. Mr. Steinitz attributes the loss of the game to White's failure to push on his KRP. 6 If 16 Q x Kt, 17 Kt-KB3, and White wins a piece. 7 Continued, 21 R-K7! 21 Q-Kt3, 22 R x B 22 KR-Q1, 23 B-K5ch 23 Kt x B, 24 P x Kt 24 R x K, 25 Q x R, and White won. In this game White made the best devel- opment in opening. His 21st move brought about a winning end game. 8 The approved move is B x Kt. 9 Losing a P. But if the B had not been moved, White's Kt would have taken it, greatly weakening Black's center. 10 Rev. W. Wayte says, Q-Q2, followed by B-Kt2 seems equally good. 11 Br-tter have Castled with KR, says the same authority, and if 15P-R5, 16 P-KKt4- Black's development then would have been extremely difficult, and White would have had time for a decisive advance of the Pawns. The text play gave Black an opportunity to clear his game. Table CXIV. -SCOTCH GAMBIT. 173 P-K I I'-K I Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 10 11 12 New Orleans, 1882 Nuremberg Congress, L883 Vienna Congress, 1882 Vienna Congress, 1882 Match Havana, 1883 London Congri 1883 Mackenzie Maurian Paulsen Lefrman Fleissig Zukertort Paulsen Winawer Golmayo Steinitz Rosenthal Bird 3 P-Q4 P xP Kt x P P-Q4 1 B-QB4 4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 Q-R5 7 B-B4 B-QKt5 Q-Q3 Kt-QB3 B-O.Kt5 B-K3 5 Q-B3 Kt-Kt5 O-O b B-Kt5ch 8 Q x Pch P-Q3 P x P Kt x Kt P-QB3 P-B3 B-K2 P-QB3 b* QxP B x Kteh KKt-K2 B-B4 B-Kt5ch B-KKt5 7 Kt x Kt2 Q-K5eh P x B Kt-B2 P-Q3 Q-K2 B-Kt3 B-Q2 K-Ql Q-Kt3 QP x Kt B x Kt 8 Q-K2 Q x Qch B-Q3 B-Kt5 Kt-Q2 Kt-K4 B-K3 9 O-O B x Pch Q-Ql B x a K-Bl K xQ P-KB3 B x B B x B Q x B P x B 13 y P-QR3 B-K3 P x B RP x B P-QR3 Kt-KB3 B-QR4 O-O Kt-KS P-KKt3 KKt-B3 B-Q5 10 B-Q2 C2-Q2 B-K3 P-Q3 Q-R5 Q-Bl B-KB4 B-K3 Q-R4ch B-Kt2 QKt-R3 B-K6 li P-QIU4 P-KR4 P-B3 KKt-K2 P-QKt4 Q-Kl . Kt-K5 P-QR4 B-K2 Kt-Q2 B-KB3 B-B5 12 Px B P-K5 O-O O-O Q-R3 B-Kt3 13 Kt x B K x Kt Q-Ktl P-QKt3 0-0 Kt(K2)_Kt:; Kt-B3 QR-Q110 B-B4 ; B-Kto QxQ Q-R4 1-1 R-Qlch K-B3 P-R5 K-K2 P-KKt3 KR-Q1 P-KR3 RxQ Kt-Q2 B x Kt KKt-K2 R-Kl 15 Kt-B3 R-Klch R-Ql P-QB4 Q-B2 B-RK? B x B Kt-Q5 Q-Ql P-B4 QR-Ktl <>-B^ K-Bl P-KB4 P-KB4 P x P KR-K1 K-Rl 16 P-RU Q-B3 B x R R x P P-Q3 Kt-K2 P x P P-K5 4 P x Kt B-K4 QR-K2 B-R3 17 B x KP Kt-Kt5 Kt x P R-B3 B-K3 P xP 18 Kt-Q5 Kt-B3 B-QB1 P-R6 R x B O-O Kt-KB4 PxP Q-K3 Q-Q2 Kt-Q5 11 Kt x P 19 Kt x BP R-K5 B-KB1 Kt x P Kt-(Q2)-B4 P-QKt4 B-Kt2 R-K4 P x Kt QK-KB1 Kt x Bch Qx B 20 B-K13 Q-Kt5 Kt x Kt+6 QR-Q1 + P x Kt B-Q7 P-QR4 3 Kt-B6ch! + Kt-B4 12 R-Ql (iame was drawn. For Notei pa-jt . Table CXIV, eontinued.-SCOTCH GAMBIT. Notes to page 173. 1 An experimental move by Mr. Maurian. 2 White seems certain to win a piece, but Black saves it ingeniously. 3 Continued, 21 R-Q3 21 B-QB4, 22 R-QB3 22 K-Kt?, 23 P-QR3 23 Kt-Q2, 24 R-QKtlch 24K-B3, 25 Kt-R6 25 KR-K1, 26 P-B3 2(5 R-Q5, 27 B-KBl 27 R-Q4, 28 P-QR4 28 KR-K4, 29 P-KKt4 29 P-KKt4, 30 R-QK15 30 P-KR4, 31 R x QRP 31 P x KtP, 32 P x P 32 P-KB4, and this move permitted White to exchange off all the pieces, after which one of his passed Pawns won. 4 The Schachzeitung says this is hasty, and that P-KB5 would have been stronger. 5 This continuation is now preferred to 5 Kt x Kt, which soon results in an even end game. 6 Black could not extricate himself from the results of his 15th move. He re- signed on the 36th move. 7 A move not much played recently. 8 Unusual. 9 Taking advantage of the novelty. 10 Not as good as Q x Q. 11 Sacrificing a P for a strong attack. 12 The remaining moves in this interesting game were 21 Kt x B 21 P x Kt, 22 R x P 22 P-QIU5, 23 Kt-QB4 23 Kt-Q5. 24 QR-K3 24 Kt x QBP, 25 Kt.-QR5 25 R-QKt4, 26Kt-B0ch 26K-Q2, 27 Kt-QR7 (the Kt can not get out) 27 R-KKt4ch. White resigns. 13 Better, says Land and Water, than B x Kt, but this is not saying much. 175 GIUOCO PIANO. Although, as indicated by the " Synopsis," the drift of analysis in this opening is in favor of the defense, the debut has been frequently played during the last three years in important contests. At this time 4 P-Q3 is considered the best continuation of the attack, Mr. Steinitz and M. Rosen- thal, among other masters, preferring this line. The "Jerome Gambit," 4 B x Pch, involves an unsound sacrifice ; but it is not an attack to be trifled -with. The defense requires study, and is some- what difficult. We give the fullest analysis of this American invention that has yet been in print. The author is Mr. S. A. Charles, Cincinnati, 0. 176 Table CXV.— G1UOCO PIANO. P-K4 B-B-: 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Vienna Congress, 1SS2 Mason Winawer P-Q3 P-K4 New Orleans, 1884 Mauri an Zukertort Kt-K B 3 Kt-QBH 6 B-B4 3 4 5 New Orleans, 1S84 Maurian Zukertort London Congress, 1883 Blaekburne Tschigorin P-Q3 Kt-B3 B-K3 B-K3 B-Kt3 1 B-Kt3 QKt-Q2 P-B3 P-KK3 P-Q3 Kt-Bl Kt-Q2 Kt-B3 Kt-K2 P-KR3 Kt-Bl Kt-K2 P-B3 Kt-Kl3 Q-Kt8 P-B3 O-O B-Kt3 Q-B2 B x B 2 P-KK3 P x B Kt-Kt3 Q-Kt3 Kt-Kt3 Q-Q2 0-0 P-QR4 P-Q4 P-B3 B-Kt3? 4 P-K5 B x B B-Ql P x B B K3 P x P 0-0 P x P Q-B2 Q-lvt3 Kt-R4 QR-K1 P-QKt4 Kt-Kt5 B-B2 Q-Bl P-B4 Kt-B5 Kt-(Kt3)-B5 B-B2 B x Kt B-K3 Ktx B P-Kt3 Kt x Kt QB-Q1 R x Kt Kt x P PB3 Kt-K B3 P-Q3 P-Q3 QKt-Q2 B-K3 P-Q3 B-QKt3 Kt-Bl QKt-Q2 Kt-K2 B-K3 Kt-Kt3 Q-K2 P-KR3 Q-Q2 Q-Q2 B-QK15 P-B3 P-QR3 P-B3 B-R4 B-Kt4 B x B P-Q4 P x B Q-B2 O-O R-Ql P-Q4 Kt-Kt5 P-QKt4 P-KR3 B-B2 Kt x B B-Kt5 Q x Kt 6 0-0 Kt-Kt3 QR-K1 Kt-R5 P-QR4 Kt-B5 Kt-K2 Kt x Kt RP x P KtP x Kt RP x P Q-Q2 R-R5 KR-Ktl 7 P-B3 K-Bl KR-QR1 R-Kt3 Kt-Kt3 Kt-R4 R-R7 R-B3 8 Q-Bl Q-K2 P-Q5+ 10 Third French National Tournev, 1883 ' Goudjon De Riviere P-Q3 11 P-Q3 Kt-K 133 B.K3 B-QKt3 QKt-Q2 B-K3 Q--K2 12 Q-K2 0-0 P-KR3 KR-K1 P-KKt4 KB x B Q x B 13 Kt-K Bl Kt-K2 Kt-KKt3 Kt-KKt3 Kt-KB5 o-o-o B x B ! 14 Vienna Congress, 1882 Bird Fleissig P-Q3 P-QKt4 B-Kt3 Q-Kt3 Q-K2 P-QR4 P-QK4 P-K15 Kt-Ql P-Q3 KKt-B3 QKt-Q2 KtK3 Kt-Bl Kt-B4 _ Q-B2 B-K3 Kt-K3 OAJ B x B P x B Kt-B4 Kt-KB515 Q-QB2 RP x B P-KKt3 Kt-KKl3 P-Q4 Kt-q-i ? P Q5 q K B3 Kt-Q2 + Kt-q-2 3 Kt x KtP 5 B-q2 qKt-Q2 Kt x B Kt x Kt Q-Kt3 QKt-Q2 B-K3 P-qKt3 O-O K-Rl qn-Ki Kt-R4 + For Notes see next page. Table CXV. continued.— GIUOCO PIANO. 177 Notes to page 17G. 1 The latest (sixth) edition of the "German Handbuch" gives P. x P., and an an- alysis, to show that, by this move, Black obtains the better game. 2 Castling would be better. 3 Not as good as O-O. White made a center attack, and won on the 51st move. 4 lie should have exchanged Bishops. 5 Continued, 21 K x Kt 21 Kt x Kt, 22 R-Ql 22 Kt-Kto, 2?. R-Q4, P-QB4, 24RxR. This last move of White's is much inferior to R-Ql, when if 24 P-R5, 25 R-Q4 25 1' x P, 20 P x P, and, as Black can not capture the P, White remains with a fair game, The game was won by Black on the 84th move. 6 If 11 P x Kt Black rejoins 14 P x P, and White can not retake without losing a piece by 15 P-Q4. 7 Mr. Maurian remarks that 17 B-Q2, preparatory to Castling, would give Black a slight superiority. 8 If 19 R-Kt2, or to Ktl, White would probably gain an advantage by 20 P x P, fol- lowed by Q-QG 9 Continued, 21 Q-R"> 21 O-O-O, 22 P x P (capturing BP would result in losing QP 22 P x P. 2:; Kt-B3 23 B-K3, 24 R x Rch, 24 Qx R, 25 Kc x 1' 25 P-3S? and Black lost. He could have drawn by 2.3 B x B. 10 Mr. Blackburne won on the 44th move. His success was mainly due to his at- tack on Black's center, which began on White's 9th move. 11 Mr. Rosenthal prefers Kt-KB3, and P-Q4 for White's next move. 12 Inferior to B-QKtr;. 13 This move allows the White Kt to take up a strong position at KB5. Black could have obtained a favorable position by HPxli, followed by O-O-O. 14 The Pawns on the Q side can now advance. 15 Worse lhan useless, as it drives the Q to a better position. 178 Table CXVI,— GIUOCO PIANO. P-K4 F-K4 1UKB3 Ki-QB3 10 11 Amster- dam Tourney, 1882 " Match London, 18S2 Corre- spondence ' Game, 1S74 Canada Team Match, 1SS4 Bristol and Clifton vs. St George's Club. Veraart Loman Blackburne Mackenzie Marine, 111. Cincinnati Ryall Narraway Fedden Wayte 3 4 B-B4 B-B4 P-B3 Kt-B3 * 0-0 Kt-B3 5 P-Q3 P-Q3 P-Q4 P x P B-Q5 13 P-Q3 0-0 P-Q3 (3 B-K3 Ji-Kto P-K5? P-Q4 P x P B-Kt5ch B x Kt QP x B B-KKt5 14 " P-KR3 QKt Q2 1 Kt-E2 B-K3 B-QKto Kt-K5 B-Q2 B x Bch Kt x KP B-K4 i Kt x P " P-KKt4 8 P-KK3 Q-B2 6 KB x B B x Ktch P x B QKt> KKt : B x P P-Q4 B-Q3 B-KKt3 P-KK4 15 Kt-Kt3 9 P-Q4 P X P P x B Kt-KKt5 PxP B-Kto Kt x : Kt 0-0 Kt x KtP P-Q4 P-KK3 " P-Pv5 in PxP P-Q4 Ii x B Kt-QB3 KKt-Kt5 9P-KB4 P-KBo Kt x P 1U Kt x KP P-KB4 "0-0 P x B 16 11 B-Q3 2 P x P B x Pch 0-0 0-0 Q-K5 10 Kt-Kt6 R-B2 Kt x Q 17 B-B4 11 " B-KKt5 K x B 12 Kt x P O-O Q-KtSch K-K2 B-KB4 B-QKi2 Kt x "RP B x QKt P-KB5 P-QB4 Q-Q2 18 " Kt-Q5 13 Q-B2 3 Kt x Kt K-B2 Kt-QB4 P-KKt4 Ktx ■Pxli R Q-KKt4 i + 12-Kt-Kt4 Kt-B3 19 Kt-Kt5ch 14 B x Kt l'-K 1,4 K-K2 Q-Q2 Kt x B KP x Kt P-KR4 Kt-Pv2 15 Q-B4ch K-PvL QB-KB1 KR-KB1 B-Bl! B-QR3 7 Kt-Q2 P x P 16 B-B2 P7B5 P-KR3 R-Kl P-KKt5 QxP lit- Bo P-Kt3 17 B x Kt P x B(K6) P-Kt4 P-Q1U3 Kt-Q2 Kt x KBP K-Kl B-Kt2 18 P xP 4 P x B Kt-B4 P-Kt3 K x Kt ! Q-R5eh Kt-Kt3 P-B4 19 0-0 Q-Kl 5 Kt-K3 QR-K1 K-Ktl Q-KKt4 Q-B2 P-KB5! 20 Kt-K5 KxKch+ P.-B2 Kt-KB3 P x Kt 8 B-B4 + Kt QR4 + For Notes see next page. Table CXVI. continued— GIUOCO PIANO. 179 Notes to page 178. 1 Thismove is not considered as strong as formerly. 2 The Berlin Sonntagsblatt prefers 11 P x P, followed by 12 Q-Kt3. 3 0-0 would be better. 4 White is compelled to sacrifice a piece as a consequence of his 13th move; otherwise he would lose the chance of Castling and have to bear a strong at- tack. 5 Xot so strong as B-KB4. 6 In Mr. Steinitz's opinion, the Q would be bettor posted at K2. 7 Intending to sacrifice the Kt. 8 White's 20th move is bad, R-KB1, or K2. giving the onlv chance for a draw The game continued. 21 P x P 21 K-RI, 22 K-Rl 22 R-KKtl, 23 Q-Q2 23 R-KKt3, 24 R-KKtl, and Black announced mate in eight moves. 9 In a communication in the London Chens Monthly, for March 18S3, M>. A A. Bowley says, this ingenious move results to Black's advantage if he replies to it 10 0-0, as in the text. If Black replies 10 R-B4 he does not fare so well, the play continuing 11 Kt x BP 11 K x Kt, 12 Kt-KtS. 10 If Kt x RP, Black obtains a superior game by R-Kl. 11 The only move. If P-KR3 12 Kt x BP+. 12 Black remains with two minor pieces, for the R as the White Kt can not escape 13 Dr. I. Ryall, Hamilton, Ont., says he has a liking for this move aftertesting it in many games, though not always successfully. "It leads to very interesting po- sitions. 14 Premature. 15 First played by Steinitz against Dubois. Congress of 1862, p. 102. Dubois did not venture '.» Ktx KtP, but defended himself by 9 P-KR4. 16 Steinitz contemplated <^-K2 at this point, hut Lowenthal afterward showed, C. P. C. 1868-69, I. 102, that Black can give his opponent the choice of Q or R. 17 If 11 Kt x R 11 Q-K2 12 B-B7ch [or A] 12 K-Q, 13 Kt-Q2 13 B x Pch, 14 K-R. 14Kt-KKto, 15Kt-KB3 15 Q-KB3, winning.— jA] 12 Kt-B7 12 IT x P.-h, 13 R x B 13 P x Rch, 1-1 K xP l-l Kt-KKt5ch, 15 K-Kt3 15 Q-B3, 10 Q-B3 10Q-Kt2and wins. 18 Q-K comes to the same thing. If Kt-B7, Black may play R x P. 19 Black announced mate in seven moves. 180 Table CXVII.— GXTJOCQ PIANO. JEROME GAMBIT. P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 B x Pch 1 u tsa ^ "it* m;*-j ' ^ TTTTi *± 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 P-K4 * Kt-Qb3 " B-B4 ^ K x B r Kt x Pch . ° Kt v Kt! K-Bsq? Q-R5ch P-Q4 Q-B6ch P-KB4 0-0 Q x B K-QB3 B x P B-QKt8 B-K8 Kt-B3 Q-R4ch K-Rsq K-Ktsq P-Q3 3 Kt-KBd Kt-Kt5 Kt-QB5 P-KB3 Q x B P-Q4 Q-Q3 Q-KR4 QxP+ Kt x HP P-QKt4 Q-Kt8 K x Kt P-KB4 B-K3 Q-E5ch Kt x KtP Kt-K2 K-Ktsq K x Kt QK-KB QxKl' P-Kt5! Kt-B4 P-Q3_ Kt x KP Q-Kto P x Kt B-K3 Q-K4 P-Q4 Q-Q3 P-KBj B-KB4-+ Q-K3 B-B2 P.QB3 + Kt x Kt K-K3! 1 BxP Q p * Kl 8 O-O ' K^Q3 FQ3 " P-Q3I 5 P-Q3! " Q-KB3 Kt-KB3 ft P-KB4 2 Q-Tt3ch 4 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 7 Q-Qsq Q" B8 9 8 Q-KB3 K7K2 KKt-B3 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 Q-Q5 Q PxKtch P-B5 Q-Qsq B-Kt5 0-0 p -Q p ' ^ QTP ' B x BP Kt-Q6 6 P-R3! " P-KKtS B-KKto in Q-B3 PxB PxKt B x Kt P-KB4 Q-^t3 1U KKt-B3 Q-Q2 K-B2 QxB ~ Kt-QB3 «-Q3 P-Q3 P-Q4 Kt-K2 0-0-0 P-QB3^ For Notes see next page. Table CXVII. contumed.-GIUOCO PIANO. 181 Notes to page 180. Q-Qoeh QxB Q-QB3 P-Q3 1 6 7 8 9 10 Kt-Kt3? K-Ksq P-Q3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 Kt-QR3 2 8 9 B x P K-QB3 + 3 12 also looks good. P-Q4 P-B5ch P-Q3 Q-Qsq 4 8 9 10 K-Q2 KKt-B3 KtxKP + Q-R3eh Q-QB3 5 7 8 9 P-KKt3 K moves P '2Kt4 Q-R3ch P x Bch P-Q4+ 8 9 10 11 Q-B3 Q-K« K-Q3 K-B3 P-Q4 P-B3 P x Kt 6 9 10 11 12 K-B2 B-KKt5 Kt x BPch B-R6 + Q-Q2 P x Kt 11 12 B-Kt3 PxP! Kt-QB3+ 0-0 P-KB4 7 8 9 IU-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 8 6 7 Ktl' x Kt P-Q4 Q-Ksq 9 8 9 B-KKt5 K-B2 182 TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. This opening leads to intricate and daring counter attacks, and analysis has not yet determined whether the advantage in the middle game inclines to White or Black. Such being the case, it is an opening to be encouraged, and yet it is one occupying very few pages in the books of Chess Con- gresses, and in the records of serious match play. We have the pleasure of laying before the student some novelties in the opening that have been tested, and have excited much interest in the chess circles of several large Ameri- can cities. Table CXVIII.— TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. 183 P-K4 Y-Kl Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 ll-r.4 Kt-BU 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Vienna Congress, 1882 Bird Tschigorin Kt-Kt5 P-Q4 Px P Kt-Q K4 B-Kt5cli P-B3 P x P P x P B-K2 P-KR3 KKt-B3 P-K5 Kt-K5 OjB2~ Kt-Kt4 1 B x Kt B x B B Q3 P-KR3 O-O Kt-B3 Kt-B5 P-QKt3 Kt-K4 B-Kt2 2 KK-K1 0-0 Kt(K4) x B P x Kt Q.Q2 Q-K2 KtxP P-Kt3 Q-B4 + London, Congress, 1883 Bird Tschigorin New New New Orleans, Orleans, Orleans, 1884 1884 1884 P-Q3 3 P-KR3 Kt-KB3 P-K5 Q-K2 Kt x B P x Kt B-QB4 P-KR3 Kt-R2 P-QKt4 4 KI-QB3 P x P Q x BP B-KKt5 7 Kt x KBP! B x Q! 8 Kt x Q QKt-QPv4 Kt x KtP ! Kt x B K x B Kt-KKt5 K-K2 QR-Ktl P-Q3orKl3-i Q-Q3 O-O 5 B-K3 ' Kt-Kt5 Q Kt3 P-QR4 KtxP+6 R-Bl 0-0 Kt x P? McConnell McConnell McConnell Zukertort Zukertort Zukertort Kt-QB3 9 B Kt5 10 P-QPv3 B x Kt QP x B Kt x P 11 B x Pch K x B Q- Qoch K-Kl Q x KKt Fol Q-QR4 Q-Q3 O-O R-Bl R-Kl ! K^B^ Kt x Pch ! Kt x Kt B-B4 12 Kt-Btich P x Kt Q-Kt3ch K-Rl U.-R4 R-K3 K-Ktl R-KKtl B-Rb' 13 Q-Q4 Q-B2 B-R6 ! R xKtl5 Px R Q-K2 P-KB4 B-R6 R-^Kl B-Q2! 0-0 Q-B3 Q-KB4! Kt x Kt Q-Q4 K-Q2 Q-Kt3 Kt-B3 Q xQP B-B4 B-Kt5 Q-Kt3 16 QR-Q1 B-K3 Q- QKt5 P-QR3 Q x KtP Q-B2 R-Q2 Q-B4ch B-K3 P-KR3 B-K3 Q x Bch K-Rl R-Ql P-QKt4 Q-Kt3 Q x Q P-KKt3 14 K-Bl 17 P x Q + For Notes see next page. 184 Table CXVIII. cont'd.— TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. Notes to page 183. 1 The previous moves are according to the most modern ideas in this opening:, but 11 P-KB4 is preferred for White. 2 Lost time. B-K2 should have been played. 3 Mr. Bird think this move has merit, and deserves investigation. 4 This move of Suhle's is generally thought to turn the game in favor of the second player. 5 Bird's move, which Rev. W. Wayte pronounces much better than the ''Hand- buch's" Kt-R4. 6 Mr. Bird sa,vs he should have continued this game, 17 Q x Kt 17 P-QB3, 18 Q x KP 18 P x Kt, 19 P-R5 19 Q-B2, 20 B-B4, with a P more and at least as good a posi- tion. But Mr. Wayte does not think that Suhle's counter attack is thus proved a failure. The fault, he says, lies in Tschigorin's 15 Q-Kt3. The natural in- stinct of a strong playei to keep White pinned as long as possible is here mis- leading. Black might have recovered the P, with a*, least an equal position, by two distinct modes of play: (a) 15 B x Kt, 16 Q x B 16 Qx P, threatening to win the Q, and White's best reply is apparently 17 Q-K2, since 17 P-QB4 would leave his Q awkwardly placed; (b) 15 Q x P, 1(5 Q x Q 16 Kt x Q, 17 R-Ql; (c) 17 P-QB3! 18 R x Kt 18 P x R, 19 Kt-B7 19 B-Kt2, 20 Kt x R 20 R x Kt (c). In this last va- riation 17 P-QB4 is inferior : 17P-QB4 17 P-QB:?, ISP.xKt IS B x Kt, 19 R-Ql 19 QR-Q1, and. White must lose another P. 7 This move was suggested bv the Berlin Frhachzeitung. The analysis here is by S. Euphrat and S. A. Charles, Cincinnati. 8 If 6 Q-K2?, 7 P-Q6 7 P x P, 8 P-KB3 8 B-R4, OKtxR 9 P-K5, 10 0-0 10 P-Q4, 11 B-K2 11 Q-B4ch, 12 K-Rl 12 Kt-K5, 13 P-QB3 + . 9 This resolves the game into a variety of the Guioco Piano, leading in this and the following two specimens to some very interesting play. 10 The ordinary continuation here would be 4 B-B4, 5 P-Q3 5 P-Q3, 6 Kt-K2 or O-O. with an even game. 11 A venturesome move. 12 14 Q-KB4ch is apparently better, e. g., 14 K-K3 (if K-'Kt, 15 Q x Kt, remaining with a better game and a P ahead), 15 Q-KKt4eh, and if Black play 15 R-B4, 16 P-KB4. 13 Intending QR-K1, but White's attack proves too vigorous. 14 Continued, 21 Q-R4! 21 B-K3, 22 B x R 22 R x B, 23 R(Ktl)-Kl 23 R-Kl, 24 K-Ktl! 24 B-Q2, 25 R x Rch 25 B x R, 26 R-K7, and Black resigned. 15 Mr. Zukertort varies his play in this second trial, but his 11th move is probably overbold, and does not take into consideration White's effective 13th and 14tli moves. 18 QB2 at once appears better. 17 Continued, 21 B-B5 (necessary to prevent Black from playing R-Q3 and thence to Kt3— White does well to sacrifice the Bj 25 P-Q1U3, 22 P-Kt5 22 Kt-R4, 23 B-Kt4 23 Kt-B5, 24 QR.-K2 24 P-QR4, 25 P x P e. p. 24 P-B4, 26 B x P 26 P x B, 27 R-Ktl! 27 R-Q2, 28 R x P! 28 R-Q3, 29 P-R7 2J Q x P, 30 R x B, and again White won. Table CXIX — TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. 185 15 16 17 18 19 20 P-K4 Cincinnati Zukertort Lukenbach Kt-Kto P-Q4 F x P Kt-QK4 B-Kt5ch P-B3 P x P P x P B-K2 P-K K3 Kt-KB3 B Q3 io ES li P-B4 1 Kt-B3 O-O O-O P-R3 B-K3 12 13 B-Kt2 2 14 Kt-Q2 Q-B2 P-KB3 P-K5 P-B4 P x P B x P KR-K1 R-Kl 3 B x BP! B x B Q x B Kt-KBl -K4 X i • w York, 1ST. i Grumly S tar buck P-K5 Kt-K5 Q-Q5 P-KB4 B-QB4 R-Bl O-U 5 P-QB3 Q-Ql P-QKt4 Kt-Ql P x B Q~-K.jcIi K-K B2 Q x BP P-Q4 P-Kt> R-KB3 Q-Kt8ch MB1_ P-K 133 P-QB4 Kt.-KB3 Kt-QB3 9 B-B, Kt-B3 Q B2 7 Q checks P-Kt3 Q x BF Q xKP R-R6 P x B BxR K x B QxP Q-B3 + 10 11 Q-Q5ch 4 P x Kt 6 12 Px B? Q checks ' K-Ql? P-IU3 K-Ql Q x BF P-Q4 8 Q-R4 P x P e. p. Q x Pch B x P 9 K-Ql 10 Kt-KOch B-Ql B x Kt K-B2 11 B x B Q-Kt7 P x Kt Q x Kt Q-Ql 12 P-B3 Kt-Q4 P-QKt4 13 Q-R5cli P-Kt3 Q x RP P x B Q x Poll R-B2 Kt x KBP Q-R4 Kt-RG Kt-Kt4 Kt x R Kt x Kt B x P+ Kt-K6ch+ Q-B2 + For Xotc* sec next p-'iye. 186 Table CXXX. cont'd.-TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE. Notes to page 185. 1 This move is a departure from the " Synopsis " (See page 44. Col. 7). The con- tinuation there is 10 O-O, 11 P-B3 11 P : QBJ, 12 O-O 12 B-Kt2, 13 Q-R4 13 R-QB1, and the variation is left without comment. 2 Black has obtained the advantage in position with all his forces well in hand to commence attacking operations. 3 The P could not be saved. 4 Continued, 21 K-Rl 21 Kt-Kt5, and White resigns. 5 This move, the invention of Mr. Henry Loewe, Cincinnati, O., has proved to be one difficult to meet in actual play. As far as White's 12th move, the game is identical with Col. 5, page 43, of the "Synopsis," which proceeds, 12 Q-Q3 or B-Q3 for Black, and says it is doubtful if' Black has an equivalent in position for the P lost. 6 Continued, 21 P x Kt 21 P x BP, 22 B x P 22 P x P., 23 R x Rch 23 K x R, 24 Q-KB3ch 24 K-Ktl, 25 Kt-QB3 25 B-Kto!, 26 Q-KB4 2U R-1CB1, and Black wins. 7 This move, or P-KKt3 is White's best resource. P x Kt QxKP 8 If 17 — or 17 Kt checks, mate. Kt chs. and wins Q. Kt x P R-B3 9 If 18 19 ■ Kt-QB5 B-Kt3+ R-B2 may be played. 10 QxKt 11 If 19 — Kt-KG, mate. 12 The late Mr. D. F. M. Starbuck, of Cincinnati, often played this novel variation with success. The usual move at this point is Q-Q3 followed by Kt-Kt2. The text move, however, leads to some fine situations. 13 P-KKt3 is the only move. 187 PHILIDOR'S DEFENSE. The difficult} 7 the second player experiences in this opening in developing his game is so well known that the defense has been almost shelved. Hardly half a dozen noteworthy specimens of the ''Philidor" have been going the rounds of the Chess columns during the last three years. The best estimate of the present standing of Philidor' s Defense is contained in the following article from a recent number of London "Land and Water" : "The 'Philidor' is a shrine of disappointment. Many analysts have worshiped thereat, and, rising from their knees with shining faces, have gone forth to announce that the secret had been confided to them. Their day of triumph has, however, been like the show of the Siberian sun in midwinter, sometimes glittering, but always very brief. The reason why such a deceptive oracle is so persistently 7 consulted lies in the yearnings of Chess players for some means whereby the detestable tyranny of the Ruy Lopez nii.y be overthrown. The French Defense stands its ground, very much to the annoyance of first play r ers, thus balked of their Ruy; and, if the 'Phil- idor' could have but its legs made strong, second players would greatly re- joice, for no one likes the monotony of having but one defense. Apart from the lack of variety, there is a strain upon an exhaustion of the resources of a player when thus bound down to a single opening, as has often been mani- fested in the play of Blackburne, that faithful servant of the French Defense. "The weakness of the ' Philidor' consists in the fact of KP x QP, being (apparently) incumbent on Black, whereby all his means of development become paralyzed. Let us look at the board after 1 P-K4 P-K4, 2 Kt-KB3 P-Q3, 3 P-Q4 P x P, 4 Q x P, and what do we see: White's Bishops have a free and unrestrained action, so have the Knights, and one of them is al- ready in play. He can quickly bring out what pieces he pleases, and can castle on either side as he likes. Being in possession of the Queen's file, he will naturally castle on the Queen's side. Having done so, and all his pieces being able to operate freely, either in combination or separately, he will have at his disposal an amount of power such as might seem sufficient to settle the issue right off. "Very different is it with Black's unfortunate army. He can, it is true, play h'i3 QKt-B3, but that is an altogether illusory threat. His KB is hope- lessly confined, and his QB has no good place to go t<\ His KKt has 188 nothing particular in view when coming to B3, and, indeed, is itself often exposed to being attacked there; while, as to the unhappy QP, it has ob- viously a most distressing future before it. Black's evil condition proceeds directly from 3 P x P. Could that capture be rendered unnecessary, his development, though slow, would be assured, and the future of the game would be such as skill, hand in hand with patience, might hopefully face. "An end so desirable has attracted the attention of various analysts; and particularly Mr. J. Lord introduced 3 Kt-Q2. The defense, however, has not proved satisfactory, and, indeed, if met at once, 4 P-B3, as advised by Stein- it z, we can see that it ought not to answer, considering that now White threatens B-QB4, followed bj _ Q-Kt3. Our own opinion is, that unless Black can play 3 Kt-KB3, as recommended by Major Jaenisch, the 'Philidor' is doomed. We are, however, by no means clear but that the move in question should stand. Let us set the moves. 1 P-K4 P-K4, 2 Kt KB3 P-Q3, 3.P-Q4 Kt-KB3, White has three replies, namely: 4 P x P, which is satisfactorily met by Kt x P, 4 B-KKt5, which Jaenisch answers with P x P, and 4 Kt-Bo, to which the Russian .analyst again replies with P x P. As regards 4 B-KKt5, we will only say, respecting the capture of the P, thai we doubt its necessity, but it may pass for the present, as the inferiority which results is not very pronounced; in respect, however, of 4 Kt-B3, which is the more dreaded line for White, we can not but feel, first, that to capture the P must yield a bad game; and secondly, that there is no necessity for such a con- tinuation. As alternative, we suggest for Black, 4 QKt-Q2, continuing with P-KB3 if, and when necessary." Table CXX, -PHILI DOR'S DE FENSE. 189 ± 2 3 4 5 6 New Orleans, 18S4 Vicuna Consrre s, Com'l Gaz. Uorre spondence Tonrney, 1S82 " Com'l Gaz. Corre- spondence Tournev, ]NVJ Living L883 Wakefield England McConnell Zukertort Winawer Blackburne Shaw Robertson Narraway Robertson Sehulder Boden J. W. Young K. B. Hussey 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 Kt-QB3 5 Kt-KB3 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 3 B-B4 1 Kt-B3 P-Q3 P-Q4 P x P P-B3 P-KB4 PQ4 Kt-QBo 2 P-KB4 4: P-QR3 3 P-KB4 P-Q4 P x P Kt x P P-Q4 Q xP Kt-QB3 B-B4 KKt-B3 P x KP BP xP 5 P-Q3 Kt-KB3 QxP B-K2 Px P Q x P B-QKto B-Q2 P Q4 P xKP Kt-KKt5 P-Q4 6 B-KKt5 B-KKt5 P-KR3 4 O-O Q-K2ch B-K2 B x Kt P x KP P-K6 B x B P x Kt B QB4 11 7 B x Kt Q x B 0-0-0 Kt-BS Q-Kt5ch7 Q xQ B-Kt5 P x Kt QKt-B3 12 / Kt-KB3 Q x P P-QB3 8 Kt-QB3 Kt-K2 Q-Q2 B-K3 Kt x Q Kt-Q 113 P-K5 9 P x P Kt-KB7 P x P Kt-B3 Q-K B3 9 Kt-QKt5! K-Ql P-QR3 P-QK3 B-KB4 P-QB3 Q x Pcli P-B4 Q-Q2 Q-K2 B-Q2 QB x P 10 Q-Q2 P-QB3 P-R3 Kt-Q6ch B x Kt B x Kt B-K3 Kt x R P-QKt4 P x B O-O-O Kt-Q2 11 Kt-B3 P-KKU B x Kt B x B P-QKt3 Q x Qch B x Q Kt-Q2 R-Kl Kt QR4 P-K6 12 P-Q4 P x QP Kt-Q5 B x Kt Kt-B3 B-Kt2 QKt Q2 K-KKtl Q-B3 B-B4 P x P Q-R5ch 13 Kt x QP B-Kt2 P x B Kt-K2 0-0-0 O-O-O 0-0 0-0-0 Q-KB2 O-'J-O P-Q4 Q x Kt 11 0-0-0 P x P ? P-KKt3 Kt-Kt3 P-KKt3 Kt-QB2 ,P-KKt3 B x P B-Q3 P-KB4 Q x Pen O-O-O 15 Kt-KGch! B x Kt P-K114 11- Kl B-R3ch K-Kil QR-Ql B-KB3 PxQ B-Rtimat B x RP e KKt-B3 16 Q x QPch K-Kl P-R5 Kt-K4 KB-K1 P-QK13 B QBG P-QKt3 B-Bl Q-KKto 17 B x B Kt-Q4 Kt-Q4 P-Kt5 ! B x Ktch K x B P KR4 KR-K1 Kt-B7 B x Kt 18 Q-Q7ch K-Bl ' QxP Pv-Ktl Pv x R K x Pv P-QR4 R-K7 B-KB5 B-QKt5ch 19 B xKt R-Ql Q-R4 Kt-b6! B x B K x B Kt-QKtl R x R B-Q2 B x Bch 20 QxlvtP + K>-Kt3 Q-K2 6 RK8 K-Q2 8 R x R QB x KKtlO K x B Kt-Kochl 3 For Notes see next page. 190 Table CXX. continued.-PHILIDOR'S DEFENSE. Notes to page 189. 1 A continuation favored by Mr. Boden, but generally held to be inferior to 3 P-Q4. Of late, however, several strong players, including Mr. Blackburne, have given the text move some attention. 2 Harrwitz's move B-K2 is more usual, and apparently stronger. 3 To provide a retreat for the B should the adverse Kt attack from R4, but P-Q4 is preferable. 4 Again B-K2 would be better. 5 The game becomes substantially a Philidor in a few moves. 6 Continued, 21 B-Q3 21 R-Kt3, 22 P-B3 22 KR-Ktl, 23 B-B2 23 Q-K7, 24 KR-B1 24 B-Kt4ch. 25 K-Ktl 25 Kt-Q7ch, 26 R x Kt 26 B x R, 27 R-Ql 27 R x Kt!, 28 B x R 28 B x P, 29 B-B2 (if P x B then Q x Rch) 29 R x Pch, 30 K-Bl 30 R-Ktl, 31 Q-K4 31 R-Kt8ch', 32 K x R 32 Q-Kt4ch, 33 Q-Kt4 33 B x Q, and Black wins. 7 The "Synopsis" (page 21, col. 5) proceeds here 7 Kt-Kt5 7 Kt-QR3, 8 QKt-B3 8 Q-Ql etc., leading to an even game. 8 As these contestants are experienced, and skillful correspondence plavers we give the remaining moves : 21 R-R8 21 K-K3. 22 1U-K2 22 P-QB4, 23' P-QB4 23P-Kt3, 24RxP24 Kt-B3, 25 Kt-B4ch 25 K-Q3, 26 R x P 26 Kt-Q2, 27 P-QR4 27 P-KKt4, 28 Kt-Q5 28 K-B3, 29 K-Q2 29 P-K K4, 30 P-R3 30 R-R3, 31 R-B5 31P-KKt5, 32 P-R4 32 K-Q3, 33 Kt-B4 33 Kt-B3, 34 K-K3 34 K-B3, 35 R-Kl5 35 R-Rl, 36 R-Kt6 36 R-Klch, 37 K-Q3 37 R-Qlch, 38 Kt-Q5, and White wins. 9 Not in the books. The approved continuation is 8 Kt-B3 8 B-K2, 9 0-0-0 9 0-0, 10 KR-K1 10 Kt-Q2, even game. 10 Continued, 21 P-KKt4 21 R x QBP, and White resigns. 11 Kt-KR3 is the usual move. 12 It would be better to play 7 Kt x KP 7 P x Kt, 8 Q-R5ch : but games played at exhibitions of "Living Chess " are not a fair subject for critical notes. 13 Continued: 21 B x Kt 21 P x B, 22 KR-KB1 22 P-KKt3. 23 K-QB3 23 Kt-K4, 24 P-KR3 24 Q-K3, 25 Q-KR4 25 Q-Q4, 2.; K-Q1U2 26 Q-QB4, 27 QR-Q1 27 Q-QR4, 28 Q x KP 28 Kt-QB5ch, 29 P x Kt, and Black drew bv perpetual check. 191 FOUR KNIGHTS' GAME AND THREE KNIGHTS' GAME. The Four Knights' Game has scarcely a history outside of the tournaments and matches of the last six years. It is a conservative opening, leading to a free exchange of minor pieces at an early stage, and to a slow, cautious middle game. It avoids a speedy, direct attack with a small force, and brings the Kts and Bishops forward, as if to get rid of some of them with- out advantage on either side would facilitate matters. The admirers' of the opening for off-hand play are very few. The Three Knights' Game is less of a " trading-off" debut, and often quickly runs into fine combinations, resembling, however, those of better known openings. Its individuality is slight; and its recorded analysis, in English, at least, is brief. 192 Table CXXI.— 4 KNIGHTS' AND 3 KNIGHTS' GAME. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vienna Congress, 1882 London Congress, 1883 New Orleans, 1883 Third French National Tourney, 1883 London Congress, 1883 London Congress, 1883 1 Schwarz Mackenzie P-K4 Englisch Rosenthal Steinitz vs. Buck, Dunn, and Seguin Clerc De Riviere Blackburne Steinitz P-K4 Steinitz Bird P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 Kt-QB3 3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 P-KKt3 B-B4 15 4 B-Kt5 B-B4 P-Q4 P x P Kt x P B-Kt5 6 P-QR3 12 Kt x Kt 5 0-0 0-0 B x Kt Kt x P P-Q4 P-Q3 1 0-0 QP x B B-Kt2 B-Q3 6 P-Q4 P-Q3 Kt-Q5 Kt x P B-K3 P x Kt P X P P-Q3 Ktx Kt Kt x P Kt-B3 B x P 7 Kt xP B-Kt5 P x Kt Kt x Kt B-K2 B-Q3 B-Q2 B x Kt Kt-K2 Q-Q5 O-O Kt-K2 . 8 Kt x Kt P xKt P x B P-KR3 7 P-QB3 10 B-H4 0-0 0-0 Kt-K2 0-0 Q x KKt P-QB3 9 B-Q3 O-O B-KR4 B-Kt5 8 P-Q6 P x P R-Kl B-K3 B-B3 P-Q3 Q-R5 P-Q3! 10 Kt-R4 B-Kt3 P-KR3 B-Q2 9 P-Q4 P-K5 PQ4 Q Q4 Q-Q2 Kt-Q2 P-B4 B-Q5eh 11 Kt x B RP x Kt R-Ktl P-QKt3 ? Kt-Kt5 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 B-R6 Kt-K4 K-Rl Q-Q2 P-KKt3 12 P-KB4 Q-K2 P-Q4 R-Kl B-R4 B-KKt5 P-KR3 B x B K x B Q-K2 P-Q3 K-Q2? 13 R-Kl 2 P-Q4 R-Kl P-Kt4 ? Q-R5 B-B4 Q-KR5 B-K2 P-KB3 B-B4 P-KKt3 P-KB4 14 P x P Q-B4ch Kt x P! P x Kt B-Kt3 B-KKt3 Q-KR4 P-B4 Kt-B2 R-Ql B-KKt2 B x Kt 16 15 B-K3 Qx QP B x P P xP? Q-K2 P-KR3 B-K3 P-KKt4 QR-Q1 P-B3 P x B P xP 16 P-B4 P x P Kt-R3 Q-KKr,3 B-B4 B-R3 Q-Q3 R-K4 ? P-KB4 O-O-O B-Q2 P-Q4 17 P-KR3 3 P-B4 P x R QKt x P Kt-B4 B-B2 QR-Q1 P-KB4 B x Kt Q x P R x B P-QKt4 18 Q-B2 P-KB4 P-KR4 P-KB4 P-I35 B x KtP KR-K1 Kt-Kt3 Q-Q2 B-KB3 Kt-Bl P x B 19 QR-Q1 4 B x B P-R5 B-KB2 P-K5! B x Kt Q-B3 QxB K-R2 Q-QB3 BP x P K-B3 17 20 P-QKt3 QR-Q1 5 B x Kt + Q-K3 B-Ql 11 Q-K3 Kt-K6ch KR-K113 B x Kt 14 Q-K5 Q-Q2 18 For Notes see next joage. 4 KNIGHTS' AND 3 KNIGHTS' GAME.— continued. 193 Notes to page 192. 1 Mr. Sell man recalls the fact that, in the First American chess Congress (1S57'i, Morphy played at this point O-O, and won: and remarks that the termination was of such remarkable depth and brilliancy as to rank it. among-the immortal games. 2 White has made a skillful opening. 3 Tame. Mr. Ranken suggests as better 17 E-QB5 17 P x P, 18 Q-B2, followed next move by QR-Q1. 4 Threatening B x RPcb, 5 Continued: 21 B-B2 21 R x Rch, 22 B x II 22 R-Kl, 23 B-B3 23 P-Kt3, 24 B-Kt2 24 B-Bl, 25Q-B3 25 K-Kt2 (inferior to R-K3;, 26 B-KB1 26 Q-K3, 27 P-KKM 27 B-Kt'2, 28 P-Kt5 2s K-Bl, 29 P x Kt 29 Q-K5, 30 Q-Kt3 30 QrB7, :;i R-Kl ! (If Black captures the l: he loses his QJ ::i R-K5, 32 RxR 32 QxR, 33 B-K5 33 P-KR4, 34 K B2 34 Q-B7ch, 35 B K2, and Black resigns. 6 This game was the last played in the Congress, and resulted in Etiglisch tieing witli Mackenzie and Mason for fifth, sixth, ami seventh prizes. 7 Mr. Steinitz says this is weal;. He prefers 8 Kt-K2. a move that can not be made after the KRP is moved. 8 Lost time. He should play B-Q2 at once, 9 The same authority prefers here 10 B x Kt, and 11 P-Kt-1 10 The usual continuation is 8 Kt x 1' 8 Kt x P, 9 P-QB3, and White is thought to have slightly the better game. 11 21Q-R3 21P-R4, 22 P-R4 22 QRB1, 23 B-Ql 23 R-B2, 24 R-R3 24 R-B3, 25 B-K2 25 R-Kt3, 2ii B-Kt5 26 Q-Bl, 27 P-QKt3 27 Kt-Ktl, 28 P-QB4 (Mr. Steinitz pro- nounced this advance premature, and held that 28 B-Q2 would have given him a decided advantage^ 28 B-Kt4. Black won on the 80th move after a seven hours' contest, in three sittings. 12 M. Rosenthal says the best move here is B-QKto. 13 Continued: 21 Q-KR3 21 B-KK12 (M. Rosenthal believes Black could have won by 21 Qx BR), 22Q-KR5 22 R-lvKtl, 23 Q-KKtO 23 B-Q2 - (M. Rosentlial savs that this move gives Unite the better games 21 Q x Q 21 1' x Q, 25 B-KKt3 25 B-KB1, 26 P-Q5? This weak move permitted the Blade KB to enter the game. Black won on the 46th move. 14 Continued, 21 P x B 21 R-K2, 22 Q-Kt5 22 Q-Kl, 23 R-Q3 2iRxl':', 24 R-R3 21 <2-K2, anil White mated in three moves. 15 M. Zukertort says this is an inferior defense. He would bring out the other Kt, running into the Four Kls' Game. 16 If B-Kt3 White wins with P-K5. 17 If Q x B White would continue 20 R x Rch 20 K-Kl, 21 R-K5 +. 18 Continued: 21 Q x R 21 Q x B, 22 R-Kl 22 Q-Q3, 23 R-K8 23 Q-Q2, 21 QR-K1 21 Q-QB2, 25 Q-B6ch 25 K-Bl, 26 QR-KO 26 B x R, 27 R x 15, and Black resigns. 194 THE QUEEN'S BISHOP'S PAWN'S GAME. This opening is also known as "Staunton's Opening," and the " English Knight's Opening." 3 he "Synopsis" says without qualification that full analysis has shown that it is not to be recommended (or the first player. Chess periodicals may be examined for months without finding a specimen of it. Mr. Staunton said of it, in 1848, that "it deserves, and if we mistake not will yet attain, a higher place in the category of legitimate openings than has hitherto been assigned to i 1 ." Twenty-five years later he wrote that the opening had been grudingly admitted into favor, and that another quarter of a century would possibly be required to enable it "to take the rank it de- serves among our best debut." This opinion has not been verified, and there are but slight indications that it will be. Mr. W. N. Potter has recently written two brief articles on the openings, in which he takes, if not a favorable, at least a neutral position regarding its merits: " As to some defenses," he says, " we fancy the last words have yet to be said. Take, for instance, Steinitz's defense: WHITE. BLACK. 1 P-K4 1 P-K4. 2 Kt-KBS 2 Kt-QB3 3 P-B3' 3 P-Q4! 4 Q-QR4 4 P-KB3 "This last move was adopted by Steinitz against Wisker, in 1868, and ever since its introduction on that occasion has been highly esteemed. Zu- kertort thought so well of 4 P-B3 that he adopted it against Rosenthal in their match. Wisker and Rosenthal both continued with 5 B-Kt-5; and Steinitz and Zukertort both replied with KKt-K2. Wisker then continued with 6 P x P, getting thereby a bad game. Rosenthal's continuation was 6 P-Q3, and Zukertort answered with B Q2, whereupon followed seven 7 P x P, Kt x P; and Black has undoubtedly the better game. Now accord- ing to our opinion, Rosenthal's sixth move was all right, but his seventh was a material aid to Black in developing. Let the moves be replayed: 1 P-K4 1 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 2 Kt-QB3 3 P-B3 3 P-Q4 4 Q-R4 4 P-KB3 5 B-Kto 5 KKt-K2 6 P-Q3 6 B-Q2 " We now play for White 7 Q-B2, and are unable to perceive that Black has the slightest superiority. This, by way of a first step, and because we do not want to infiict too' violent a shock upon those who assume that 4 Q-R4 met by P-B3, subjects- White to a crushing disadvantage. 195 " It is a pity that the spirit of originality does not more obtain amongst analysts and players, instead <>f so much following of the bell. Well, there is 7 Q B2, by which move White means to keep the position as it is, quietly developed, and leave Black to unlock himself. The following is a probable variation, and it is one which we believe will be accepted with but slight modifications, as containing the best line of play on both sides: 7 Q-B2 P-QR3, 8 B-R4 P-QKt4, 9 B-Kt3 B-K3, 10 O-O (B-E.3 has its claims, but it impedes the development of the QKt) Q-Q2, or Q-Q3, and the gam< seems to us about equal. Black's position is stronger in some respects, but he is subjected to counter-balancing disadvantages. Should he intend to castle on the King's side, there will be loss of time, and also a weakening ot his strong points. Should he castle on the Queen's side, he must prepare for a very formidable attack, and, indeed, such an operation seems out of the question, if theoretical doctrines and practical lessons stand for any thing. There are divers modifications, after arriving at White's tenth move, that are worth pointing out: 10 O-O Q Q2, 11 B-K3 Kt-Kt3, 12 R-Qsq, and White's game, is good, as he now threatens P-Q4 with effect, and, moreover, he now proposes to release QKt, seeing that, as the position stands, it can go to Q2, and thence to KBsq. The idea that the QKt could not go to Q2, on account of P-Q5, will be dispelled, if the student only took two moves be- fore him. Black, to prevent the QKt thus coming out, may bring his Q.11 on to the scene. As to this we go back to White's tenth move — 10 O-O Q-Q2, 11 B-K3 Kt-Kt3, 12 R-Qsq R-Qsq. Here White may play 13 P Q4, which promises more than it can perform, but, which, nevertheless, performs quite enough for equality; or he may simplify by 13 P x P B x P, 14 QKt-Q2, where we leave him fully developed, and subject to no inferior- ity of position." Mr. J. Reichhelm, of Philadelphia, does not agree with Mr. Potter as to White's ability to make an effective answer to Black's 4 P-KB3, which Mr. R. terms "a crushing rejoinder." He says: " Remember, it is part of Steinitz's system of play that, when the adverse King's Bishop is either off of the board or not in a situation to effectively play to QB4, then the King's Pawn is best defended by Pawn at BZ. This hinders all attacks of Kt or B-KKt5, and, in a great measure, bot- tles up the attack. Mr. Potter, in London " Land and Water," proposes that the first player shall continue thus, his innovation resting upon White's seventh move: 5 B-Kt5 5 Kt-K2 6 P-Q3 G B-Q2 7 Q-B2 " ' And White,' says Mr. Potter, ' is under no disadvantage.' Even assum- ing this to bo absolutely correct, if the first player is compelled to battle to barely hold his own in the position so early as the seventh move, this opening may be quietly laid away on the shelf." Resuming the subject in the second article Mr. Potter remarks that he does not allege that '•Staunton's Opening " is a particularly good method of com- mencing, but his position is that the maledictions heaped upon it by analysts 198 are, in his opinion, undeserved. " We lately gave our reasons," he says, "for supposing that (the line of play given above) yields no such game as White should fear, and we rather fancy the same may be said of the forms of 3 P-Ql. At any rate they, with 3 P-KB4, may wait until there is more demand for an examination of their claims than at present exists. The most formidable enemy of the "Staunton Attack" is 3 Kt-KB3. The recognized reply is 4 P-Q4, with Kt x KP or P-Q4 en Black's rejoinder. Here Mr. Ed- ward Marks steps in and proposes P x P as another fourth move that Black can adopt. He sends us an analysis, wherefrom we extract the following lines (beginning each time at White's third move) : 3 P-B3 Kt-B3, 4 P-Q4 P x P, 5 P x P B-Kt5ch, with the better game. 3 P-B3 Kt-B3, 4 P-Q4 P x P, 5 Kt x P Kt x P, and again Black for choice. 3 P-B3 Kt-B3, 4 P Q4 P x P, 5 B-KKt5 P x P, and such attack as White may have will scarcely compensate him for being a Pawn behind. 3 P-B3 Kt-B3, 4 P-Q4 P x P, 5 P-K5. Black has three replies, namely, 5 Kt-Q4 5 Kt-K5, and 5 Q-K2. Mr. Marks sends us variations upon each, but they open up issues that can not be satisfactorily dealt with in the limits at our disposal. We may, however, mention as one of the main points that Black threatens to break up White's center by P-Q3, on which account Mr. Steinitz, to whom Mr. Marks submitted his variations, condemned White's game as a whole. "Our own examination of 4 P-Q4 P x P, has not had the effect of making us perfectly assured of the goodness of Mr. Marks' defense; but that ques- tion becomes of minor importance in our eyes on account of the general feeling we have against P-Q4 itself. We prefer either 4 Q-K4, or 4 B-Kt5. The former, if we mistake not, is now suggested for the first time ; while as to the latter, though not new, it has been hitherto wrongly continued. We will take them in succession: 4 Q-R4 B-K2, 5 B-Kt5, with the better game. 4 Q-R4 P-Q4, 5 Kt x P, and White for choice. 4 Q-R4 P-QR3, 5 B-B4 (if 5 B-Kt5, then Kt x P, and Black appears to us to obtain the superiority, though on this point we would be gladly convicted of error, whereas P x B we do not fear) P-Q4, 6 P x P Kt x P, 7 Kt x P Q-K2, 8 B x Kt Q x Ktch, 9 Q-K4, and White is a Pawn ahead with no disadvantage in position. Had Black played 7 P-QKt4, then 8 Kt x Kt, to say nothing of 8 B x KtP, which could, however, have been profitably played. As far as we can see 4 Q-R4 can stand. It is obvious that P-QR3, 5 B-B4 Kt x P, 6 B x Pch K x B, 7 Q x Kt, produces no inferiority for White; to say no more, and therefore after 4 Q-R4 P-QR3, 5 B-B4, Black appears to have nothing bet- ter than B-K2 or B-B4. Either of those moves is doubtless good enough for equality, but Black ought to aim at something more than an even game, if the unfavorable opinions of various analysts are to be maintained. It is true that, after 4 Q-R4, Black can play at once B-B4; but then 5 B Kt5, and White has rather the better game. " As to the other line mentioned, namely, 4 B-Kt5, the usual continuation is Kt x P, 5 O-O, but we would play 5 Q-K2 Kt-Q3, 6 Kt x P, and if White suffer from any inequality we should like it to be made known to us." We conclude this debate on a neglected opening with a game, at this debut, played in July, 1883, at the Nuremberg Congress, with notes from the Lon- don " Field " : 197 WHITE. BLACK. WINAWEK RI K.MANN 1 P-K4 1 P-K4 2 Kt-KB3 2 Kt-QB3 3 P-B3 3 P-Q4 4 Q-B4 4 P x P 1 5 Kt x P 5 QQ4 6 Kt x Kt 6 P x Kt 7 P-Q4 7 P x Pe. p. 8 B x P 8 Q x B 2 9 Q x Pch 9 K-Ql 10 Q x R 10 B Q3 11 B-K3 3 11 Kt-B3 12 Kt-Q2 4 12 Kt-Q4 13 P-KR4 13 K-K2 5 14 Q x P 14 B-Kt5 15 Kt-B3 15 Kt x P 16 P x Kt 16 Q x Pch 17 K-K2 17 Q-B5ch 18 K-Ql 18 B x Ktch 19 P x B 19 Q-Q4ch 20 B-Q2 20 Q x Pch 21 K-B2 21 Q-K5ch 22 K-Kt3 22 Q-Q4ch 23 K-B2 23 Q-K5ch Drawn game. 1 Inferior. 4 P-B3 is the proper continuation, 2 This capture is unsound, and ought to involve the loss of the game if properly followed up by Black. 3 If White had played now 11 Q B3, Black's game would have been irretrievably lost. Winawer remarked that he knew the move well enough, and played this variation on the strength of it; but, somehow, at the last moment, changed his mind. 4 Now it is too late to retire Q-B3, because of 12 B-KKt5, etc. 5 13 R-Kl would have been more forcible, and probably have won the game. If, in answer, White castles, Black wins with 14 Kt x P, etc. 198 THE QUEEN'S PAWN COUNTER GAMBIT— THE HUN- GARIAN DEFENSE. These openings are not brought near together because they have any re- semblance; indeed, they are antithetical. In the Queen's Pawn Counter Gambit Black at once tries to seize the attack. In the Hungarian Defense the second player takes a very quiet line of play, looking to a safe and sub- stantial development of his game, before either sustaining or attempting a serious attack. The Queen's Pawn Counter Game does not stand high in the esteem of analysts. The Hungarian Defense has not received much atten- tion from them, the debut being so conservative that, like a fortunate people> it has but little history. It enables Black to avoid the Evans and kindred attacks, and it is believed to be sound in all respects. The fact that it is not mentioned by Staunton, Bird, Wormald, Gossip, or Cook is due to its not having attracted much notice from players and analysts. The reputation it has is fair. Table CXXII— QUEEN'S PAWN COUNTER GAMBIT. 199 1 2 3 4 5 P-K4 1 P-K4 o Kt KB3 would be Still better), 22 B-KB1 22 B«H, 23 R x B 23Q-QB4, 24 B-IU 24 QR-K1, 25 Q-Q2 25 IU-K3, 26 B-R6 26 R x Rch, 27 R x R 27 Q-B5, 28 Q-Kl 28 Kt-Bl, and White announced mate in five moves. 102 THE VIENNA GAME— STEINITZ GAMBIT— FYFE GAMBIT— HAMPE THOROLD ALLGAIER GAMBIT. The Vienna Game, with its ramifications, is the subject of much interest in the Chess world, and some important discoveries have been made in it within a year or two. The Steinitz Gambit, formerly considered a remarkable combination of ingenuity and bold movement of the King, has doubtless met its fate in a simple discovery by the Rev. G. A. MacDonnell that Black in the opening moves has the option of forcing a draw. Mr. Steinitz has hardly yet con- ceded the downfall of the gambit; but his attempted vindication of it in the London Congress had a disastrous effect on his score. The Fyfe Gambit, which is not referred to in the "Synopsis," was intro- duced early, in 1883, by Mr. Fyfe, of the Glasgow Chess Club. Mr. Black- burn e gave it a brief examination, during a visit to Glasgow, and is said to have expressed the opinion that the gambit leads to an even game. A revival of interest has occurred in the Hampe-Allgaier Gambit; espec ; - ally in what may be called the Hampe-Allgaier-Thorold. The text books have given the beauties and difficulties of this opening but little attention. We present the substance of an analysis of it by ~W. Timbrell Pierce, pub- lished in the " British Chess Magazine," 1881. Table CXXIV -VIENNA OPENING. 203 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vienna Congress. L882 St. T.nnis, 1SS1 Match l'iiris, 1881 Pa ris, 1S82 Second French National Ton me v, 1881 " Cincinnati, 1381 Schwarz Winawer Zukertort Max Judd i) lore e Riviere Clerc and De Riviere ys. Steinitz Clerc Chamier Zukertort Ettlinger P-K4 P-K4 QKt-B3 B-B4 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P-KBt B-QKto 3 _ Kt-KB3 P-Q3 P-Q3 ~ Kt-lii 4 P-QK3 Kt-KB3 Kt-QR4 KKt-B3 Kt-KB3 B-Pv4 B-QKt5 B-Kt3 KKt-B3 Kt^QolT P-KKt3 B-QKto \K(r] Kt x B B-B4 B-QR4 6 Kt-B3 0-0 18 p.Q4 KP x Kt 0-0 Kt x Ktc-n B-Kt2 O-O B-Q2 B-B4 1 P-Q3 Q x Kt P-Q3 p -Q 3 0-0 B-Kt-3 P-B3 P-QB3 7 Kt-Q-3 1 S -Q3 P-KK3 - P-KR3 P x P P-Q3 Kt-K2 _ P-KB3 19 b x Kt ' B-K4 PxP P-QR4 8 Kt x KKtch Xt-K2 B x B Q P-Q3 Kt-K2 P-QR3 P x Kt B-KKt5 p x p -K3 Q-K2 " P-QKtl Q-K5 P-0.B3 Kt x P Q P-KKt4 Kt-Kt3 B-Kt3 P-B3 12 B-B4 P x P 9 B-Kt3 P-QKt4 pTtp Q-K6 ~~ K-Rl ! Q x P -.,. KRKtl B Kt3 0-0 P-KB4 Kt-KR120Q-K2 11 P-Q153 Kt-R3 P-Kii3 Q-Kt7 KKt-KKt 1 P-KB4 Q-K2 Q-K2 Q-KKt3 Kt-Kt3 Q-KR5 21 Kt-Q2 Kt-Q2 K-lil P-KK14 P-KK4 P-KKt3 O-O-O 12 P-R3 _ Kt-R4 2 B-K3 P-R4 Q-K2 Q Kt x Kt Flti B-KKto QK2 P-QKt4 P-KB3 P x Kt 13 B -R2 _ Q-Bl P-KB3 9 B-Kt3 _ B-Q2 Kt x P Kt-Kt3 Kt x KP J^KKV2T P-Q3 P-KKt4 Q-Kt3 11 B-K3 Kt.(Ri).r,5 Q-KB2 Q-K2! 13_ Kt-KB3 Kt-Kt3 P-QU4 IJ-CJl " B-QK3 P x i' 14~ Kt-KKt3 P-R4 ] 5 P-B3 _ B-R6 P-KR410 B x P KI-KR2 P-K33 Q-K2 B-B7eh Kt-Q2 BTKio B x Kt B-B4eh 1 6 P-KU4 Q x B Q-Kt3 Q-Bl P x B K-Rl Un^ Kt x Q B-KB3 Q-B6 15 Q-K2 P-R5 1 7 P-Kt5 B x Pch P-KRo B-Kt5 P-QR4 _ Kt-K4 P7K4 K-Ktl Kt-QB4 P-KB3 Q-KKt2 " KR-K1 18 Kt-Q2 K x Kt B-QR2 B-Ql 16 Q-KR5 B-B4 B-Kt3 li-Kl P-QKt5 P x B B-Q2 P-R6 19 Kt-Bl B-R6 P x P B x Q B x Kt 22 QR-K1 (fM B x Kt PTP lixii K x b R-Q5 20 P-KB4 Kt x B B x Kt 11 P x P 17 Kt-KKt4 B-Kt3 P x P+ Kt-B4 + P x Kt Kt-K2! Q K2 23 QB x Kt24 Game drawn. For Notes see next page. 204 Table CXXIV. continued.— VIENNA OPENING. Notes to page 203. 1 P-Q4 is the usual move. 2 B-Q2 was the proper move. 3 M. Rosenthal, from whose notes to this game we quote, does not approve of this move. He regards it as losing time. White should play 3 B-QB4 or Kt-KB3. 4 Black should have played here B-QB4, followed by P-Q3, a-position identical with one in the Ruy Lopez. 5 The proper play B-QKto, 5 Kt-Q5 5 Kt x Kt or B-K2. 6 B-QB4 is better. 7 B-QB4, followed by O-O, is preferable. 8 This attack on the Q side is premature, the Pawns on this side being weakened for the end game. 9 Weak. P-Q4 should have been played. 10 A premature attack. 11 M. Rosenthal would have preferred 20 Kt-K2 20 O-O!, 21 B x Kt 21 P x B, 22 Q-B2, followed by Kt-K Kt3+. The game was equal at the 38th move; but, through Black's weak play at that point. White won on the 58th move. 12 Lost time. He should have played at once 9 P-KB4 9 P x P, 10 Kt x P, because now B x KtP is not to be feared. 13 B-Q5 would have been fatal. 14 In seeking to avoid the exchange of Queens, Mr. Steinitz did not observe that his Q had no good square to go to. M. Rosenthal says he should have played 14 Kt-B3, 15 Q-Bl, and then retreat. 15 This mistake should have lost the game. He should have accepted the ex- change of Queens, then played Kt-K2, remaining with a good game. 16 Too hasty with the attack. B-K3 would have won easily. 17 If R moves Black makes the paralyzing reply P-Kt5. 18 The usual attack is Kt-Q5. 19 M. Rosenthal, in a general way, dislikes this move. It opens the way for a com- bination in which an adversary can sacrifice his QB. 20 Lost time. Kt-K2 was the move. 21 Again lost time. 22 Weak. White should have kept his B to take part in a counter attack. 23 Continued, 21 Kt-KR6 21 R-KKt2, 22 KR-QKtl 22 R-QKtl. 23 P-QR5 23 Q-KB1, 24 P-KKt3 24 Kt-K2, 25 P-KR4 25 P x P. a weak move. Black could have won a P and the game at this point by P-KKt5. After a protracted struggle, Black won. 24 21 P x R 21 R x P and White resigns. One of twelve simultaneous games played by Dr. Zukertort. Table CXXV.-HAMPE-ALLGAIEE-THOEOLD. 205 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 Kt-QB3 Kt-C2B3 3 P-B4 1'xP 4 Kt-B3 P-KKt4 5 P-KR4 P-Kt5 6 Kt-KKt5 P-KR3 1 Kt x P K x Kt 7 Kt-K4 PQ4 P-KB3 P-Q3 B-B4 Kt-K4 8 P-Q4 JP-Q3 2 B x P 13 Kt-Kt3 B-Kt3 P-Q4 P-KR3 9 B x P 3 B-Ivt2 P x P QKt-K2 Kt x P K. x Kt P-Q4 P x Kt 10 11 B-B4ch K-Kt3 4 B-K3 5 K-K2 6 Q-Q3 7 KKt-K2 8 0-0 Q x P B-QC4 K-KV2 B x P B-B4eh P-Q4 Kt x P — Pxlvl 14 12 KKt-B:J B-K5 Kt-Kt3 13 0-() Ivt-Kto 9 Q-Q3 Kt -K-j P-Pt5 Kt x B 14 Q-Q2 P-Q4 P-K5ch KiKt3 P x Kt Kt- K2 In P x P Kt-Qo P-Kt6 B- Q-Q3 (2-Kt4 B-B4 -f- K3 16 R-B7I+ 10 Q x Ktch Kt-K4 Q x KP K xQ 17 B-Q3ch K-H4 11 0-0 B-Q3 18 Kt-B4ch K-Kt4 Kt x B Q x Kt 19 Kt K- x Bch K4 Qll-Kl K-Bl ! 20 Kt mates. Pv x R Kt x K12 For Note* see next page. 208 Table CXXV. cont'd.— HAMPE-ALLGAIER, ETC. Notes to page 205. 1 If Black plavs 6 P-KB3, the following is likely: 7 QxP 7 P-KR4 (if 7 Kt-K4, 8 Q-R5ch 8 Kt-Kt3, 9 Kt-R3, etc.), 8 Q-B5 8 QKt-K2, 9 Q x P at B5 9 P x Kt, 10 Q-K5 10 R-R3, 11 B-B4, with a strong attack. 2 If 8 P-B6 White proceeds 9 B-B4ch, or 9 B-KB4 as in the usual Allgaier, but with a better chance. 3 White may check with B either on this or the next move. If White, 9 B-B4ch Black's should reply K-Kt3, in order to play B-Kt2. 4 Better than K-Kl, as the continuation then would be 11 B-K3 11 Q-K2, 12 Q-Q2, followed by 13 O-O-O. with a strong game. 5 This moves seems essential to protect the QP. White may, however, try 11 P-K5, and Black can hardly venture to take the P because of the continuation 12 P-Rdch 12 K-B3!, 13 B or P x Pch, etc. Black's best replv is probably 11 B-l',4, 12 P-R5ch 12 K-R2, 13 B-K6 13 KKt-K2, 14 B x Bch 14 Kt x B, 15 Q x P or Q-Q3, If Black reply 11 KKt-K2, White proceeds 12 P-R5ch 12 K-R2, 13 P-K6!, and Black has a difficult game. White might also play with equal force 11 P-R5ch and 12 P-K5. 6 Game Zukertort-Hirschfeld, the object being to prevent White from castling. In another game between the same plavers occurred this variation: 11 KKt-K2, 12 0-0 12 R-Bl, 13 Q-Q2 13 K-U2, 14 Rx R 14 Q x R, 15 R-Bl 15 Q-Kl!, 16 B-B7 16Q-R1!, 17 Kt-Q5! + . 7 Mr. Pierce's latest opinion is that White's best move is to castle. (See next column.) 8 If Kt-Kt5, White wins with 13 P-K5ch. 9 Best. If 13 R-Bl, White continues 14 Kt-Q5, and wins. 10 Threatening Kt-B6ch. 11 If B-B4, 18 R x B, with the better game, threatening R-R5disch. If K x R, White mates in three. 12 This correspondence sfame between Mr. W.T. Pierce (White) and Mr. P. Budden is continued: 21 Q-QB3ch 21 K-B2, 22 R-Blch 22 K-Kl(the move actually played was K-Ktl, but the text move is stronger), 23 Q-Kt7 23 Q-K2, 24 Q-KtS, and White should now recover his piece and win by B-Q3 and B-Kt6. 13 P x Kt is bad, for then ensues 8 P x Kt, 9 Q x P 9 P-Q3, 10 Q-Ql (of course White can not take KtP with Q) 10 P x P at K5, with much the better game. 14 And Black appears to have the advantage slightly. Black can not very well capture KP because of 11 B x Pch 11 K-K2, 12 Q x Qch, 12 K x Q, 13 B x Kt 13 R x B, 14 P x P 14 R x P?, 15 R-RS 15 K-Kl, 16 Kt-Q5+. Table CXXVI.-HAMPE-ALLGAIER-THOROLD. 207 P K4 P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 K.t-QB3 I' P-KR4 P-Kt5 6 K t-K 1 •"» KKKJT Kt-P,3 P-KKt4 Kt x P K x Kt 10 11 12 London, 1881 N'nv Orleans, 1884 Chicago, ISM St. Louis, 1884 ( 'orre- spondenee Game London Wnvte Zuliertort Zukertort Ernst Zukertort Adair Zukertort Ilaller Monck Jarvis Mepliisto Tschigoi in 8 P-Q4 P-Q3 P-Q4 P-KB6 9 B-B4eb K-Kt3 1 P x P B-B4ch Klin" K-Kl QK1-K2 K-Kt2 10 B x P 2 B-Kt2 J3 x P B-QB4 K-Kt2 P xP B-K2 P x P B-Kt2 B-K2 11 B-K3 B-K3 0-0 B x P B-K3 B-K3 K-R2 Q-K2 P-KBU Kt-Kt3 B x RPch B x Pen 12 Q-Q3 3 KKt-K2 0-0 Q x RP P x P B-K5ch Kt-B3 K-Q2 P-Q3 K-Q2 P-KKt6 P-Q4 ? 13 0-0-0 K-Bl R-B7 P-Kt6 B-KB4 0-0 8 Kt xB Q-K2 12 B-B3 P x P Kt-KB4 Kt-R4? 14 QK-B1 R x B B-K5ch P x Kt Q-R2 B-Q3 Kt-Kt5 Q-R7ch Kt-KB3 B-B4ch Q-K2 B-K2 15 QQ2 P-Q4 K-Bl Q-R8ch Kt-K4 B-K2 K-R2 Kt-K5 Kt-Q5 P x P Q-Kt2 Kt-KB;3 16 K xK B x R B-Ktl Q-Q2 K-KB1 P-KKt3 Kt x Kt P-B3 P-K R4 B x Pch Kt-B3 ! R x B 17 P x P B-B4 E-B7 5 Kt-Kt5 ! Q-KB4 K-R2 P x Kt R-Bl QR-KKtl K-^l P-Kt5 + 18 R-Bl Q-Q2 Kt-Q5 Kt-R7ch B-Q3 Q-Q2 B-Q2 9 P x P QB x P KtxP|Q5j 19 P-R3 Kt x DP K-K2 B-Ktoeh Q-KKt4 Kt-(Q4)-K6 P-K6 R x R B-K2 K-Q2 ^0 B-Ktl 4 K-Q3 Q-KR5 R x R Q-B4 P-KR4! 13 x Q B x RP B-Kl R-Bl 21 R x B Q xR KtxBPch K-Ql KR-K1 Kt Q4 Q-B4 Q-K2 R x P R x R 13 22 B-Q3 B-Ro R x B R-K2 Kt-QKt5 QxPchlO K-Rl B x Bch Q x P K-Ql 23 K x Kt B-Kt3 B-QB4 B-Q3 B x R + B x Q + Kt-lio 6 Kt x QP 7 Q-Kt2 11 For Notes see next page. 208 Table CXXVI. cont'd— HAMPE-ALLGAIEE, ETC. Notes to page 207. 1 Mr. Potter, in notes to this game, expresses dissatisfaction with this move. He dislikes it equally in the Thorold-Allgaier, although upheld by Zukertort. Steinitz, and Wayte. 2 The object here, as in Mr. Thorold's variation of the Allgaier, is to clear the KB file for the R. Nevertheless, Mr. Potter says, having regard to the position of the Black K, he prefers for White 10 Kt-Q5, as putting a useful piece in action, and anticipating Black's B-K2. 3 Q-Q2 would be better. 4 If 20 R x B 20 Kt x B, 21 x Kt 21 Kt x R, 22 B-Q3 22 B-Q3!, 23 Q-B2 23 R-KB1+. 5 Mr. Zukertort afterward pronounced this weak, and said 17 Kt-Q5 might have maintained the attack. The variations, however, are very complicated. 17 R x P would be bad for White on account of 17 R-KB1, 18 Q-Q3 18 QKt-Kt5+. 6 Continued, 24 B-K3 24 Kt-K4ch, 25 P x Kt 25 Kt x Pch, 26 K-B3 26 Kt x R, 27 Kt x R 27 Q x P, 28 B x QRP 28 K-K2, £9 Kt-Ktfi 29 Q-K6ch, 30 R interp. 30 Q-B4ch, 31 K-Q2 31 Q-R4ch, and White resigns. 7 Continued, 24 R-Q2 24 Kt x Pch, 25 Q x Kt 25 R x Q, 26 R x Q, 26 B x R, and White resigns. 8 Mr. Ranken says this is an error, and that White should have played instead P-R5. 9 But now Black in his turn is faulty. He ought to plant the B at KB4, and on White's playing R-B4, in order to double his Rooks, the Q might go to Ksq, and afterward to Kt3. 10 Mr. Ranken thinks Q-K5ch would have given White an advantage. 11 Continued, 24 Q-K4 24 B-Q3, 25 R-B3 25 B-R4, 26 R-K3 26 B-QB4, 27 R-K2 27 B xR, and White resigns. 12 P x P would.be dangerous on account of B-Kt4. 13 B x R, giving up the Q, would be better. Tabl3 CXXVII.— STEINITZ GAMBIT— FYFE G'T. 209 1 2 3 1 2 3 London London German- Glasgow, Glasgow, Glasgow, Congress, Congress, town Pa., 1883 1883 1883 Ins:; ins;; 1883 Stelnitz Steinltz Steinitz Spens and Spens aii'l Spens and Englisch Tschlgorin Shipley Fyfe Crum and Thomson Fyfe Crum and Thomson Fyfe Crum and Prevot 1 P-K4 P-K4 P-K4 P-K4 o Kt-QB3 Kt-QB3 _J Kt-QB3 Kt QB3 3 P-B4 P-Qt 10 P xP Kt x P 4 P-Q4 P-KB4 Q-K5ch B-QKt5 ,j K-K2 P-Q4 (a) Kt-KB3 Kt-QBJ B x Ktch 6 P x P Q-K2ch P-KR5 11 Kt-KB3 Px B B-Kt5cn Kt x Kt 7 K-B2 Kt-B3 B-KKt5 Q x Kt Q-R5ch 1 O-O-O P-Q3 P x P 8 P-KKt3 2 P x Kt P-QU3 B x P 15 P x Pen B-QBi B-QR4 12 Kt-K2 9 K-Kt2 P x Pch PQKt4 Q-KKt3 B-Q3 3 K-ivtl B-QKt3 Kt-Kt316 10 P x Kt 4 Q-Klch Kt-Kto Kt-Q5 B x P P x KP QKt-K2 Kt-B3 Kt-Q5 Q-R5 11 Q-B3 P x P K-Q3 Kt x Kt(Q5) Kt x B Q xQ P x Kt(Q)ch QxQP B-B4ch B xKt Kt x Ktch Kt x Q 12 K x Q R-R4 7 K-B3 P-QB3 Q x Kt B-Q6! Q x Pch Q-B3 Kt-K5ch B-KB7cii! RP x Kt K-Ql 13 B-K3 Kt-K4 K-Kt3 K-K2 B-QB4 B-QB1 Q-B3 Q-Kto Q-B3 Kt x Kt! n-q-2 R-Kl 14 Q-K2 5 B-Q3 Q-Kl B x Q 0-0 O-O Kt-K2 B-B4 KH-K1 Kt x Pch P-QB3 P-KB3 15 B-Kt2 Kt x Bch8 B-Q3 K x B KR-Q1 B-KB7 P x P P xKt lixQP Kt x Qch P-QKt4 RxP 16 Kt-K4 B-Kt5ch KKt x B R x Kt. B-Kt3 QR Kl Q-Kt3 K-Bl! Kt-B4ch k x i; Q-Kt3ch Kt-KB4' 17 P-B4 P-B4 K-B4 B QB4 K-Rl B-KB4 B-KKt5 Kt-KB3 R x Q P-KB3 PQB4 R-K3 IS Q-KB2 Kt-B3 R xR P-KKt4 ' B x Kt P-KKt4 O-O B-Kto Kt x B K-K2 PxB Kt-K5 19 QR-K1 Kt-Q4 P x Kt P-KR4 Q-K3 BxR Kt-B4 Kt-B4 P-QR3 P-KR3 R-R3 PxB 9,0 Kt x B Kt x B 6 Kt x Kt Q x Kt 9 P-QR4 PxKtch + KR-KKtl B-Q2 13 PxP Q x P J4 B-R6? P x B 17 For Notes see next page. 210 Table CXXVII.— STEINITZ GAMBIT— EYFE GAMBIT. Notes to page 209. (a) Mr. C. E. Ranken says (1884;: "This move undoubtedly, in our opinion, initi- ates the true defense to the Steinitz Gambit, l'or, if now P x P, it enables Black to draw, if he pleases, by Q-K2ch, etc.; or to institute, as the game (Col. 3; ex- emplifies, a, severe, if not fatal attack, at the temporary cost of a piece. If, on the other hand, the Kt x P. Black obtains a decisive advantage by 6 B-Kt5ch, 7 Kt-B3, O-O-O, S P-B3 or B x'P, P-B4, etc." 1 This repetition of checks by the Qusen, alternately at KR5 and K2, has ap- parently demolished the Steinitz Gambit as an attack. White must either con- cede a draw at this early stage, or take very hazardous risks. 2 This assuming of the risks referred to in a great international contest was plucky at all events. 3 9 Kt x P, 10 P x P 10 Q-Kt5, is recommended by Mr. Zukertort, among others, as a more simple and safer line of play. Mr. Steinitz says White should plav 9 Q-Klch, followed by P x P. 4 A losing move. Q-K2ch is best. 5 If 14 Q-K4ch Black's best reply is Q-K2 6 Continued: 21 R x Kt 21 Q x Kt, 22 Q-R4 22 P-KR4, 23 R-KKt3 23 KR-K1, 24RxB 24Q-Q8ch, 25 K-R2 25 Q x QR, 26 Q x Q 26 P x Q, 27 K-Kt3 27 QR-Q1, 28BxP 2SR-K7, 29 P-Kt4 29 R x P, 30 R-Kl 30 R-Q6ch, 31 K-R4 31 P-IU3, 32 R-K7 32 P-Kt6, 33 R-Kl 33 R-Q5ch, 34 K x P 34 R x P, and White resigns. 7 Not so good, Mr. Steinitz says, as KKt-B3. 8 Mr. Steinitz condemns this as very weak, and regards KKt-B3 as the proper move, and leading to a strong attack; but these suggestions have not been fully tested. 9 Continued : 21 B-B4 21 P-Kt4 !, 22 B x Pch 22 K-Kt2, 23 R x B 23 Kt x R, 24 Q-B3ch 24 P-B3, 25R-KB1 25 Q-K5ch, 26 K-Ktl 26 Q-K7, 27 R-B3 27 KR-K1!, 28 B x R 28 R x B, 29 B-B5 29 Q-R7ch, 30 K-Bl 30 R-K7, and White resigns. Mr. Minchin says, in the Book of the Congress, that the result of these two games, at his own opening, severely handicapped Mr. Steinitz. Whether the gambit be or be not, he continues, theoretically sound, the danger in endeavoring to avoid the perpetual check on the eighth move was so great practically, that even Mr. Steinitz, who is so thoroughly acquainted with all its intricacies, did not again venture to adopt it, and it will probably never again be played in important contests, or only by an inferior player, content to accept the draw which the second player can force. 10 The Fyfe Gambit, which has not yet been carefully analyzed. The Glasgow Herald pronounces it worthy of attention. 11 A hampering move to Black. 12 Perhaps the capture of the Kt would have been better. 13 Continued: 21 P-KKt5 21 RP x P. 22 P x P 22 R-R2, 23 P x P 23 P x P, 24 B-KKtS! 24 R-R5, 25 R-KKt7ch 25 K-Ql, 26 QR-KKtl 26 R x P, 27 B-K6, and Black resigns. 14 Continued, 21 Q x Q 21 P x Q, 22 B x Pch 22 K-K2, 23 B-Q5 23 B-B3, 24 P-B4?, and to this weak move White attributed the ultimate loss of the game. 15 Though White's Pawns are in a ragged state Black's game is almost wholly un- developed. 16 If White wins the P Black can force an. exchange of Queens. 17 Continued: 21 R x BP 21 K-K2, 22 QR-BT (not good, but Black failed to see the winning reply Kt-B4) 22-B-Q2, 23 R x RP, and Black's over sight led to the loss of the game. 211 THE ENGLISH OPENING. The " Synopsis " gives a few illustrative extracts from games at this open- ing, remarking of it only that it is calculated to bring about positions in which each side is soon thrown upon its own resources. No doubt this is a correct opinion, and the fact is the main reason why the English Opening has been so frequently played of late in tournaments and matches. We find quite a number of examples of it in the Vienna Congress of 1882, and the London Congress of 1883. It was played in the telegraphic match between Liverpool and Calcutta, 1881, and was the open- ing chosen by Vienna in one of the pending games with Paris. There is evidently a growing faith in its merits as a solid and cautious opening, a faith that has had a quiet development, but that is striking after a review oi recent important contests. The "London Chess Player's Chronicle" says the opening is safe, sound. and satisfactory, and is frequently resorted to where a stern and determined struggle is expected. Mr. Bird said, in 1883, that it is equal to any opening on the board. M. Rosenthal has proposed to meet White's 1 P-QH4 with 1 P-K4 in order to bring about an open game; but Mr. Steinitz's judgment is adverse to the experiment. 212 Table CXX VIII.— ENGLISH OPENING. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Match by Telegraph, 1881 Vienna Congress. 1882 London Congress, 1883 London Congress, 1883 Match by Telegraph, 1884 Vienna Club Tournev, 1882 Liverpool Calcutta Steinitz Mackenzie Mason Zukertort Zukertort Blackburne Vienna Paris Hruby Schwarz 1 P-QB4 P-K3 I P-K4 13 2 P-K3 P-QB4 P-Q4 P-Q4 P-K3 KKt-B3 Kt-KB3 3 P-QKt3 P-Q4 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 KKt-B3 P-QKt3 Kt-QB3 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-Q4 P-Q4 4 Kt-KB3 P-Q5 3 P x BP B x P P-Q4 B-K2 B-K2 KtB3 B-K2 PxP B-Kt2 Kt xP 5 B-Kt2 Kt-QB3 P x P Kt-B3 0-0 P-K3 0-0 Kt-B3 PxP O-O • P-Q4 P-KB314 f> P-QKt4 4 QPxP 5 KKt-B3 QKt-B3 B-Q3 P-QKt3 P-Q4 B-Q3 B-K2 B-B4 P-QKt3 Kt x Ktl5 7 BP xP Kt x P B-Q3 Kt-B3 PxP PxP Kt-B3 0-0 KtP x Kt O-O B-Kt2 B-Q3 8 P-Q4 0-0 Kt-K5 B-Kt2 P-QKt3 QKt',Q2 P-QKt3 QKt-Q2 P-Q4 KKt-B3 P x P 9 P-QR3 Kt-R3 6 QK1-Q2 B-Kt3 0-0 P-B4 B-Kt2 B-Kt2 P-B4 BPxP Q-K2 Q-K2 10 B-Q3 P-QKt3 P-QR3 Kt-K2 B-Q2 Kt-B3 Kt-QKt5 Kt-Ko B-Q3 Q-Kt3 Kt -K5 Kt-B3 11 0-0 PxP P-QKt4 B-KB4 Kt x Kt B x Kt Ktx B P x Kt BP x P B-Q2 Kt x Kt Kt-Ql n P x P Kt-Kt3 Kt-K5 R-Bl P-B5 Kt-Q2 QKt-B3 B x Kt B x P . 0-0 B-Kt2 Kt-B2 13 Kt-B3 Kt-B2 B-Kt2 B-Ktl P-B3 Kt x Kt P-K4 P-K4! Kt-Kt3 P-QKt4 B-Kt2 P-B3 14 B-B2 KKt-Q4 8 Kt-K2 Q x Kt R-Kl ' P-K5 Kt-q-i B-Q2 P-Kt5 PxP PxP P x P 16 ir> B-R4 P-B3 B-Bl Kt Kt3 B x P P-Q4 B x P B-B4 PxP B-Bl P-QR4 KB-B4 16 Kt-K5+7 E x R B x R R-Kl B-Q3 B-Kt2 P-K6 P-R5 KR-QB1 Q-K2 Kt-Qo 17 Q-B2 Kt-B5 QR-K1 QB-KL5 Q-K2 P-K6 R-QB2 Game in Q-QB2 18 R-Bl P-K4 P-K4 progress. QR-Q1 P-B4 9 RP x P QR-QB1 P-KR3 19 Kt-QB5 B x Kt R-B2 P-K5 Kt-Kl B-R4 B-R5 10 P-KKt4 20 P x B + P-K5 P-B4 B-Kt3 Kt-Kl 11 P-Kt3 12 Q-K2 17 For Notes see next pace. Table CXXVIII. continued.— ENGLISH OPENING. 213 Notes to page 212. 1 The London Chess Player's Chronicle says this is conceded to be the best reply, though many excellent players adopt P-KB4. 2 Though the Chronicle urges nothing specific against this it prefers one of the fol- lowing moves: Kt-KB3, Kt-QB3, B-K2. 3 A dangerous advance. One »f the Kts should have been played. 4 Well played. Liverpool gets more than an equivalent in position. '5 111 judged. The opening of the B file must greatly increase White's facilities for attack. Kt x P was abetter move. 6 The Chronicle says this Kt should have gone to B3, and eventually to K-Kt3, if possible, but it seems that the Calcutta players failed to consider castling as a means of escape from their embarrassment, and that they supposed the extra P would compensate them for any inferiority in other respects. 7 Calcutta did well to resign. If the Kt be taken immediately White checks with Q and captures KP. Black might have delayed the result by 16 P-QKM, but White had a winning position several moves back. 8 The beginning of a vigorous attack. 9 This move weakens the QP. 10 Forced, to save a piece. 11 The game ran up to 73 moves, and was won by Black, though White missed a draw and possibly a win. 12 The remaining moves of this game, which is undoubtedly the most brilliant plaved at the Congress, were- 21 R-K3! 21 P-B4, 22 P x P e. p. 22 Kt x P, 23 1' B5! 23 Kt-K5, 24 B x Kt 24 P x B, 25 P x KtP 25 R-B7, 26 P x Pch 26 K-Kl, 27 P-Qocb. 27 P-K4, 28 Q-Kt4! 28 QR-B4, 29 R-B8eh 29 K x P, 30 Q x Pch 30 K-Kt2, 31 B x Pch 31 K x R, 32 B-Kt7ch 32 K-Ktl, 33 Q x Q, and Black resigns. 13 This idea of M. Rosenthal's looking to an open game has received as yet no en- couragement from other analysts. 14 This move makes Black's game inferior. Mr. Steinitz says Kt x Kt, iollowed by B-Q3, was the only plausible continuation. Black could not advance the KP after Kt x Kt on account of the ultimate rejoinder Q-QR4ch. 15 A move that aids White to form his center. Kt-Kt3 attacking the B was better. 16 If B-B2 White replies 15 B-Kt4 with fatal effect. 17 Continued, 21 Q-Q3! 21 P-Kt4, 22 Q-Kt6ch 22 K-Ql, 23 R x Ktch! 23 B x R, 24R-Q1, and Black resigns. 214 Table CXXIX.— ENGLISH OPENING. 7 8 9 10 11 12 London Congress, 1883 London Congress, 1883 Vienna Congress,. 1882 London Congress, 1883 Vienna Congress, 1882 London Congress, 1883 Skipworth Steinitz Skipworth Wiuawer Hruby Mason Mackenzie Mortimer Mason Tschigorin Mason 1 Sellman 1 P-QBi P-K4 1 P-KB4 P-QB4 -) P-K3 P-K3 P-K3 «J P-KKt3 Kt-Qli3 KKt-B3 P-K3 P-K3 3 Kt-QB3 P-QR3 QKt-B3 Kt-KB3 QKt-B3 Kt-KB3 B-Kt2 P-KKt3 P-K3 Kt-QB3 KKt-B3 P-Q4 4 B-K2 2 Kt-K2 Kt-QB3 B-Kt2 P-Q4 5 B-K2 P-Q4 P-K3 P-Q4 P-QK13 P-Q4 Kt-KB3 ^ P-Q3 PQ3 BQ3 P-QR3 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 o 0-0 P-Q3 P-QKt3 Kt-K2 B-Kt2 Kt-B3 6 Kt-B3 P-Q4 B-K2 P-B4 Kt-R3 B-Kt2 Kt-QB3 P-KKt3 B-Kt5 P xQP P-QB3 KKt x P12 7 0-0 QKt-B3 B-Q2 QKt-K2 0-0 O-O B Q3 Kt-Kt3 B-Kt2 B-Kt5 O-O Kt xKt 8 P-K4 P x BP Q-B2 P-B3 Kt-B3 Q-K2 8 P-Q4 0-0 P xKt P-B3 B x QKt B-Q2 9 P xP Kt-Q5 Kt-B3 Kt-B3 P-R3 P-B5 Px B P-Q4 0-0 K-Rl B-K2 B-K2 10 B-K3 P-KR3 P-K4 0-0 P-QKt4 Q-Kl P-QKt4 Q-B2 Kt-K5 10 QKt-Q2 i B-Q2 O-O 11 Q-Q2 P-KR4 R-R2 P-Kt3 P-KB4 Q-K2 K-R2 P-KR3 P-QR4 P-K4! P-B4 Q-B2 13 QR-Q1 Kt-(K2)-B3 0-0-0 Q-B2 P-Kt5 Kt-Ql P x P Px QP Kt xP B-Q3 Kt x P 1 J -QR3 13 13 Kt-Q5 Kt-.Ko K-Ktl B-K3 P-K4 6 P x P Kt x Kt Q x Kt Q-Kt3 KR-B1 Kt x Kt KR-B1 14 B-Q3 Kt-(B3)-Q5 QPv-KBl P-Q4 P x P P-K4 B-Kt2 Q B2 BP x Kt Kt-Kl P-QB5 P-QKt4 15 Kt x Kt 3 Q-Bl P-Q5 Q-B2 Q-B2 11 P-KB4 P x Kt QP x KP B-B4ch P-KKt3 Q-Q2 P-KKt3 IB B-B4 P-QB3 P xP K-Rl P-Q3 Kt-K2 R-Bl B-Q2 KR-Q1 Kt-B3 P xP P-B5 17 Kt-Kt4 Kt x B Kt-E2 P-KR4 Kt-R4 B-Bl Kt-Q4 P-K4 Kt-Kt5 B-K4 Kt-K5 P-KB4? 18 Q x Kt Q-Kt3 Kt-Ql Kt-B4 Kt x B B xKt P-B3 Q-Ql PxP B-B2 Kt-Kt4 B-R6 19 P-QR3 P-QB4 B-Kt5 Kt-Q5 P x B KtP x Kt K-B2 B-Kt5 Kt-Q4 KR-Ktl ; B-Q2 Kt-Ql 20 Kt-B2 QxP + Q-B2? 4 Kt x Q + QR-KB2 Kt-Q2 7 P-KR4? Kt-K5ch! B x R + 9 Kt-K5 B-Kl 14 For Notes see next page. Table CXXIX. continued.— ENGLISH OPENING. 215 Notes to page 214. 1 In notes to this game Mr. Steinitz says this reply is not ranch favored by hook authorities or first-class practitioners. He adopted it here in order to continue it with an experiment on the next move. 2 Mr. Steinitz prefers IU-KB3. 3 This loses a P; but, in any event, Mr. Steinitz considers that Black has a slight superiority of position. 4 A blunder due to ill health. * 5 A position identical with one in the Hollandish Opening. 6 Mr. Sellman says White's conduct of the opening is much to be admired. 7 21 Q-R5! 21 Kt-Kt2? (P-Kt3 was the only hopc'of prolonging the game), and White won. 8 The Q has no effect on this square. O-O, followed by P-QKt4 and B-Kt2, are better. 9 Mr. Mortimer had the game in his hands at the 38th move, but through errors lost the game on the 02nd move. 10 White has opened with skill. 11 If Q x P Black's reply is R-Bl. 12 Mr. Mason says it is the usase of late for Black to take the P with Kt in order to avoid the isolation of his QP. 13 Preparatory to advancing the KtP. Black's position on the Q side is stronger than that of his opponent. 14 21 P-Kl. Mr. Mason says, in a note to this move, that whether Black capture the P or not, it is clear that White's game has improved, owing to Black's 17th move. Black resigned the game on the 10th move. 216 Table CXXX .— CENTER GAMBIT. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Corre- spondence Match, 1884 Vienna Conaress, 1882 Consultation Game i Nash Cor. Tourney, 1884 Vienna Congress, 1882 Paris, 1383 1 Glasgow Edinburgh P-K4 Tschigorin Mackenzie Berlin Congress, 1881 Budden Blake Winawer Tschigorin Boistertre Be Riviere P-K4 2 P-Q4 P x P 3 Q x P Kt-QB3 P-QB3 Q-B3 20 P x P 22 4 Q-K3 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5ch Q-K3 Kt-B3 B-QB4 P-KKt3 P-B7 23 5 P-K5 Kt-Q4 B-Q2 B-Kt2 Kt-QB3 11 B-Kt2 P-QB3 Q.Kt-B3 QxP B-R4 Kt Q5 Kt QB3 24 6 Q-K4 KKt-K2 QKt-B3 P-Q3 Kt-Q5 12 P-Q3 Q-K13 B-Q3 Q-Kt8 25 0^-B3 B-B4 Q-KB3 . 7 Kt-QB3 Kt-Kt3 P-B4 KKt-K2 Kt-K2 Kt-K2 P-KB4 Q-Kt3 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 Kt-K2 B-QB4 8 P-KB4 B-QKt5 0-0-0 B-K3 B-Q2 0-0 13 B-Q3 B-KB4 Kt-QB3 B-Kt3 Kt-K3 KKt-K2 9 B-Q2 O-O Kt-B3 0-0-0 Kt x Kt Kt-B3 KKt-K2 B-K3 B x B 0-0 Q-Q2 O-O 10 0-0-0 P-KB4 1 Kt-Q5 0-0-0 Px Kt Kt-K2 QKt-Q2 Q x B B-KKt5 B-Q2 Kt-B5 Q-KKt3 11 Q-QB4eh K-Rl B-B3 B x B B-B3 Kt-B4 Kt-B4 B-Bl B-Q3 Q-Kt3 0-0 P-QB 12 P-KR4 2 Q x B Q-Q3 14 P-B5 P-KKt3 B x Kt B x Kt Kt-QKtl 9 Q-R5 Q x Q Kt-(B5)-Kt3 Kt x B 13 Q x B 3 KKt-K2 Q-R3 P-KKt3 Q-QB-3 p x Q 0-0-0 Kt-R4 17P-QR3 Kt-Q5 26 B x Kt Kt x Kt 14 B-QB4 P-QR3 P x B Q-B4 K-Ktl P-B4 Kt-Kt518 P-B4 Q x Kt P-KB3 P-Kt4 P-QB3 15 Kt-KR3 Q-Kl 4 P-KKt3 P-R4 Kt x RP ! P-KR4 Q-QKt3 Kt x P P-Bo K-B2 19 P-Kt5 B-KRo IB B-K13 5 Kt-KKtl Kt-Q4 ! Q-Q2 B-R3 Kt x Kt QKt-K2 Kt-Kl Q-Q2 B x Kt Q-K3 P-QKt4 17 P-KKt4 6 Kt-Kt5 P x P P-QB3 Kt-B4 P-F*:Kt4! P-R5 K-Rl P-QKt4 P-KKt4 Kt-Rl B-K3 IS Kt-Kt5 Kt x RPch P-KKt4 15 B x P + P-R6 Q-QB2 Kt-R3 K-B2 P-Kt5 16 Kt-B4 P-KB4 19 P-R5 E-KB4 7 R x Kt! Px R B x KtP Q-B5 PK5 B x Kt Kt x RP B-Q4 20 K R-Kl B-Kt5 Q x KP 8 Q-K3 10 Q x B Q x KtP P-KB4 Q x B + P-R4 21 QR-Q1 + For Notes see next page. TABLE CXXX. continued.— CENTER GAMBIT. 217 Notes to page 216. 1 This opens up Black's position to attack, but it is doubtful if he has a better move. 2 The P obviously can not be taken. 3 It was necessary to take the B with the Q, because 13 B x B 13 P-QKt-1, followed by Kt x KBP, gives Black as good a game as White, if not better. 4 At this stage QKtP or QRP might have been advanced. 5 It is necessary to keep the B on this diagonal. 6 The winning move. It is dangerous to take or leave the P. 7 White threatens Q-Q3. 8 Not a good move. Black evidently did not notice the smothered mate variation if Rwa-s retired toBl. The remaining movesof this game, which is brilliantly plaved bv White, were: 21 R-Rl 21 Q-Kt3, 22 R x Kt 22 P x R, 23 P-KHcli 2:: R-B3, 24 Kt-B7ch, and Black resigned. If K-Kt2, 25 P-B5 and wins. If K-Ktl, 25 P-K7 and wins. 9 As White threatens Kt-BG. 10 Continued: 21 Q-B3ch 21 KKt3, 22 R-Kl 22 K x Kt, 23 R x Q+. 11 White was played by L. Paulsen, Riemann, and Schallop, and Black by Black- burne, Miuckwit/., and Schwarz. 12 The Kt can not be dislodged here. 13 B x P would be bad, for then follows 9 P-QB3, 9 B x R, 10 Kt-B6ch, etc. 14 B3 would probably be a better post for the Q. 15 A losing move. P-QKt3 should have been played. 16 This loses a P, but leads to a tine attack. 17 P-B3 is the move. 18 Threatening Kt x Kt, followed by B-Bl. 19 A mistaken attempt to win a piece. The proper move was O-O-O. 20 An unusual move, proposed by Mr. Paulsen. 21 Continued: 21 Q-Ql 21 R-Ktl (White wins speedilv if Black captures RP bv 22 Itt-QB3, etc.), 22 Kt-QB3 22 R-Kt5, 23 Q-B5 23 B-Kt2. 24 Kt-B3 24 R-Ktl, 25 P-R3 25 R x KtP, 26 K x R 26 P. x K I'eh 27 B-Kto 27 B x Kt. 28 Q x P 28 R-K PI, 2.» KR-K1 29Q-Kt5, 30 R x P 30 Q x KtP, 31 R-Q8 31 P-Kt3 .' 32 R x Roll 32 K x R, 33 R-K8ch, and Black resigns. 22 M. Rosenthal says he prefers this to Q-K2 or P-Q4, which only equalizes the game. 23 The same authority recommends this move, as it preserves Black's advantage of a P. 24 The correct move is B-QKt5ch 25 Kt-KB3 is better. 26 Weak. He should have played Kt-QKt5, followed by P K5, to break Black's center Pawns. 218 Table CXXXI.— CENTER, COUNTER GAMBIT. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vienna Congress. 188 New Orleans, 1884 New Orleans 1884 Mason Schwarz Zukertort Zukertort MeConnell Maurian 1 P-K4 P-Q4 2 P x P QxP 3 QKt-B3 Q-K4eh 1 Q-Ql Q-QR4 Q-Q3 10 4 B-K2 P-QB3 2 Kt-B3 B-Kto P-Q4 7 P-KKt3 P-Q4 P-QB3 Kt-Kt5 P-K3 Q-K4ch 5 Kt-B3 B-B4 4 P-Q4 B-K3 Kt-B3 B-K2 QB2 P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-Kt2 B-B4 9 Kt-QR3 6 P-Q4 P-Q4 B-Q3 Q-Q2 8 Kt-KB3 B-B4? B-Q3 B-K2 Q B3 7 P-Q5 B-Q2 0-0 0-0 0-0 P-Q4 P-KB3 P-KK3 8 0-0 P-K3 Q-K2 Kt-K2 P-QKt3 Kt-KB3 9 P x KP B xP Kt-Ql B-KB4 P-QB3 B-Kt2 10 Kt-Q4 Kt-B3 Kt-K3 B-K5 Q-B2 P-KKt3 6 11 Kt x B Px Kt Kt-Q2 B-P6 ' QKt-Q2 li-Kl 12 B-QB4 P-K4 Kt x B Kt x Kt Kt Kt3 QKt-Q2 1.3 P-B4 B-Q3 B-Q3 QR-Q1 Kt-Kt5 KKt-B3 14 R-Kl QKt-Q2 P-QB4 B-K3 P-QB4? B-Q3 15 P xP B x P Kt-B5 B-Bl Kt-K4 B-K2 16 P-KKt3 0-0-0 P-Q5 P-KKt3 P-KR3 Kt x B 17 Q-B3 QR-Kl P x P P x Kt P x Kt ! Kt-B3 18 B-K3 KR-Bl P x Ktch Kt x Kt K x P KB x Kt 19 QR-Q1 P-KB4 B x Pch K-B3 P-K4 Q-K2 20 B-B4 B x B 3 Q-B3ch P-K5 B-Kt4 K-B2 5 Drawn game. i< or Notes see next page. Table CXXXI. cont'd.- CENTER COUNTER GAMBIT. 219 Notes to page 21 QKt-B3 QKt-tsy KKt-B3 P-K3 P-K3 QKt-B8 3 Kt-B3 Kr-B3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 13 P-K3 QKt-B3 QKt-B3 PxP 4 P-Q4 B-K2 4 P-Q4 P-Q4 Kt xP P x P Kt-K2 5 P x P P xP KKt-B3 5 Kt x P P-QK3 P-Q4 P X P Kt x P P-QR3 9 Kt x P P-QR3 Kt x Kt Kt-KB3 KtP x Kt 6 B K2 Kt-B3 Kt x P B-K2 Kt-B3 KKt-QKt5 B-<41vt5 B-K2 B-Q3 Kt-Kt3 6 Kt-B3 P-Kt3 7 0-0 B-Kt5 0-0 B-K2 0-0 B-K2 10 Kt-Q6ch O-O P-QKt3 K-K2 (a) P-Q4 B-KKt2 8 Kt x Kt KtP x Kt B-K3 0-0 Kt x Kt KtP x Kt B-KB4 P-K4 P X P B-Kt2 Kt x P O-O 9 P-K5 B x Kt P-B4 B-B4? 7 P-K5 Kt-B5ch K-Bl Kt x Kt P x Kt, 0-0 Kt-Q4 P-Q4 10 P x B Kt-Q4 . K-Kl B x Kt Kt-K4 P-KB4 B-Q2 B-B3 P x P P-Q3 B-K2 P X P 11 Q-Q4 o-o B x B Kt-QGcb 11 B x Kt Kt-KKt3 B-K3 R-Kl Kt-Q2 P-B4 0-0 B-ivt2 13 B-R3 R-Kl B-B5 R-B2 P x B B-Q3 P-KK4! B x P! Kt-B3 O-O Q X i> Q-B2 13 QR-Ktl 1 P-KB4 P-K5 P-Kl3 P-QB4 Kt-B3 0-0 Kt x Kt B-K5 . Kt-KKt5 Q x Kt Q-R4 14 R-Kt3 ! P-QFv4 B-K3 B-Kt2 P-QKt3 B-Kt2 P-KR3 Q-KK5 R x B Q-Kl B-K3 Q x Q 15 P-QB4 Kt-Kt5 P-B5 PxKt (b) B B4 KB x Q Kt-Kt5 K-Ktl P-QR4 P x P KR-Q1 P-K3 IB B-R5 P-Kt3 Kt-Q6 K-KB1 R-Kl R-Kl Kt-Q5 + Q-K2 Kt-Q4 B-R3 B-Q4 12 P-Q RS 17 R-Kt3 Kt x B B-B3 R-B7 P-QKt,4 K-B2 K x Kt Q-Ktl Q-B3 Kt-Q2 18 Q-B4 B-B3 B-Kt2 Q-K5 B xB R-Rl 2 Q-K2 Q-Kt5 Q-QIU3 K x B 19 P-QB3 P-KKt3 8 E-QB2 R-QB1 Q-KK5 P-B4 P-KB4 Q-Bl B-B3 P-QR4 20 Q-Kt5 P x B 3 Q-Q2 + Q-Q2 + Q-KB5 + P-Kt5 P-R5 14 For Notes see next page. Table CXXXII. continued.-SICILIAN DEFENSE. 223 Notes to page 222. 1 Mr. Sellman commends White's opening highly. 2 He dare not take the B on account of Q-R6. 3 Continued: 21 P x Kt 21 K-Kl, 22 P-Kt5 22 Q-B2, 23 Q-R6 (threatening to win the Q) 2:5 K-Ql, 24 R-Kt7 24 Q-Kl, 2"> P x P 2> K-B2 (if P x P White mates in two), 26 Q-Q2 20 K-Ql, 27 P-B7cn 27 K x P, 23 Q-QGch, and Black resigns. 4 Mr. Wayte says Mr. Zukertort discovered that this is the right square for the B; but the move is generally deferred until after 4 P-Q4 4 P x P, 5 Kt x P. 5 Kt-Q5 may be played here. 6 Mr. Wayte much prefers 6 P-KKt3, and 7 B-Kt2. Black would then have a good prospect of throwing forward P-Q4, and clearing his game. 7 A lost move. P-Q3 hould have been played. 8 Confining the movements of the hostile Q. White keeps steadily in view the- weak point at Q2. 9 Formerly considered necessary to prevent White from playing Kt-QKt5. It is, however, Mr. Bird says, too slow for modern tactics, and experience has shown it to be no longer essential. 13 P-Q4 should have been played here. 11 Mr. Bird says as a rule the effect of this check and establishment of either P or Kt at White could at? once proceed with 11 Q-Kt5ch 11 K moves, 12 K-Ktl, with what seems to be at least an even game. There is also 10 Q-Q3 10 P-Kt5, 11 Kt-Kl 11 Kt-Kt3, 12 Kt-K2, and White for choice. 7 With a fairly good game. However, 12 B-Kto would have been a better move for Black. White would then have had the choice of three replies, viz.: 13 K-Ktl 13 K-B2, and 13 B-Q2, either of these moves preserving equality; but, as diffi- cult play arises, we would, after 10 Q-Q3 10 0-0 recommend 11 B-Kt.'l as not only a simple but safe course, provided that it be followed up by Kt-K2, in almost every line of play, other than obvious exceptions. 8 Or B-Q2, or K-Ktl, or KB2, with a tenable game in either case, without preju- dice to another twelfth move, vis.: QB x P, which has undoubted claims to be considered. 9 There is a choice now of divers continuations at White's disposal, as for in- stance 12 P-R5, which is stronger here than in normal variations; 12 P x 1>, which has claims: 12 B x Ktch, which is in accordance with latter day practice in analogous positions, though we must say that the moderns are prone to ex- change for very slight reasons, and thereby they often rebel against the augment- ation of force principle; 12 B-B4, which some" would prefer, and it would ap parently be a good sound move; 12 B-Kt3, which has points, though B-Kt} might be a rather formidable reply; and 12 Q-Kt3, which seems to give White a kind of general control over the board, though this would be to a great extent neutralized by Black immediately Castling, after which there would be plenty of play on both sides. We shall be much surprised if it be not now admitted that 10 Q-Q3 has claims that are worthy of consideration. 228 Table CXXXXV.-KXUG'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 7 8 9 10 11 12 London Congress, 1833 London Congress, 1883 Toronto, 1884 Match Paris, 1883 London, 1384 Mortimer Bird Mortimer ' Bird Zukertort Ryall Tschigoriu De Riviere Sutton Blackburue 1 P-K4 P-K 2 P-KB4 P x P 3 B-QB4 Q-Pv5ch P-Q4 13 Q- K5ch 4 K-Bl B x P K-Bl P-Q3 1 Q-R5ch P-KB4 15 5 Q-B3 2 Kt-KB3 K-Bl Kt-QB316 Kt-QB3 Q-R4 P-KKt4 Kt-KB3 6 P-KIU3 P-KR4 4 P-Q4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 Q-KB3 Kt-KB35 P-KKt4 Q-R4 P-KKt4 7 QxP Kt-Q5 Kt-B3 B-KKt5 QKt-B3 B-K3 P-KR4 P-KR314 Kt-KB3 Kt-K2? , Q-R4 8 B-Kt3 B-K3 P-Q4 Kt-B3 B-K2 P-KR4 P-KB3 B x Pch Qx B P-KR4 P-Kt5 P-KB3 9 Kt-QB3 P-KK4 B-Kt5 O-O-O Kt-Kl P-K5 B-Kt2 Kt-K5 Q-B3 K-Ktl B-R3 P-Kt5 10 P-Q3 P-KR5 B x Kt Kt-Q3 P-B6 P-Q5 BP x P Q-R5eh KQ1 Kt-K5 P x B R-R2 11 QxQ Kt x Q B x P P x P Kt-QK15 K-Q2? 12 Kt-B7ch Kt-K2 P-Q4 6 Q-R6ch K-K2 Px P 12 K-K12 B x B Q-Q3 K-Ktl 9 P x P Kt x R B x P B x Kt! 7 Q x Kt Q-B4 18 BP x B Kt-B7! Px B P x P B x P P x P Q-K4 Q-KB1 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 14 R-Ktl Px P Q-Bl P x P B-QEtS Kt-K8ch li x P ! R-KKtlch Q xQ QKt-Q2 Iff K-Bl P x P! 3 •Q xR B-Kt2 B xB R x Q B xP Kt-Kt3 Q-B6ch B-B4ch! 1fi P xP li x-R-f- Q-B2 8 Q x Rch R x B Kt-B3 K-R2 Kt-QB3 B-K3 Kt x Kt 17 K-K2 Q-B2 10 P-Q3 Kt-Q2 Kt x Q tj xR + Kt x QP P-Kt6ch 18 Kt-KB4 Q-R3 R-R4 R-KB1 B x P 17 QKt-Kt5ch 19 R-KB1 Kt-K2 Kt-K4 K-R3 B-B5 Kt-K6 20 R-Kl Kt*BP+ll Kt-Q4 + Q-B4 B x Kichl8 For Notes see next -page. Table CXXXIV. cont'd. -KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 229 Notes to page 228. 1 Mr. Bird says: ''I adopted this move with much success in America in 1877. Although "it is not recommended in the works of any of the leading author- ities on the openings, it has stood the test of practice well, and I believe is bet- ter than P-KKt4, the move usually played in the magnificent games of Anders- sen, Harrwitz, Lowenthal, Kieseritzky, and other great masters who were most partial to the unrivaled ' Bishop's Gambit Opening.' " 2 Mr. Bird continues: " Kt-QB3 is justly considered the best move at this point, as it threatens at once to go to Q5, a formidable square. Kt-KB3, or P-Q4, are nl«o frequently played, the order of them being varied. The move in the text (Q-KB:^ has the sanction of Staunton, and lias been regarded as free from ob- jection by other leading authorities. With due respect, however, I do not re- gard it as perfectly satisfactory. The 'Bishop's Gambit ' is rarely ventured in tournaments or great games, being an opening of a dangerous and decisive character. Out of the 283 games in the Vienna Tournament of 1882 there was only one example of it." 3 Threatening l'-KtT. 4 Mr. Bird's ivies: " 1 do not recollect to have observed this move at this point before in nn important contest: it appears, moreover, worthy of attention, and, T think, strong; it compels Black to play I'-KKti at once, if he intends to at- tempt to keep the gambit P, and this deprives him of a numerous choice of moves which he might otherwise select." 5 Black preferred not to attempt to maintain the Gambit P. 6 Mr. Bird doubts the prudence of this move which appears to lose important time. 7 The Kt could not be allowed to go to Ko. 8 Black calculated on White playing to Ktl, losing the B and not the R: Black would then have obtained an equivalent in position for the sacrifice of a R for B and P. 9 Dr. Ryall says KB2 is probably better. 10 P-Q5 would be bad. 11 Dr. Ryall won on the 42nd move. 12 Dr. Ryall knows of two instances where this absurd move was made. 13 A favorite defense of Morpliy, who continued, however, 4 Kt-KB3. 14 A grave error. B-Kt2 is the only correct move. 15 A risky counter gambit, not to be commended. 16 P-K5 would be better. By the move in the text White goes on the defensive. 17 If Kt x P Black mates in four. 18 Continued: 21 K-R2 21 QKt-Kt.Jch, 22 K-R3 2? Kt-B7dhlecli, 23 K-K2 23 KKt-Kt5ch, 24 K-Ktl 24 Kt x Pch, 25 K-Bl 25 Kt x Q, 20 B x Kt 26 O-O-U, and White resigns. 230 DEFEAT OF GRIMM'S ATTACK IN THE KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. The following analysis, from Mr. A. G. Sellman, of Baltimore, first ap- peared in " Brentano's Chess Monthly," August, 1881: WHITE. BLACK. 1 P~K4 1 P-K4 2 P-KB4 2 P x P 3 B-B4 3 Q-R5ch 4 K-Bsq 4 P-KKt4 5 KKt-B3 5 Q-E4 6 P-Q4 6 B-Kt2 7 QKt-B3 7 P-Q3 8 P-K5 8 P x P 9 P-KR4 9 P-KR3 10 Kt-Q5 10 K-Qsq 11 K-Ktsq 11 Q-Kt3 12 Kt x KP 12 Q-B4 13 Q-R5 13 B x Kt 14 P x B 14 P-QB3 15 B-Q2 15 P x Kt 16 KB x P 16 QKt-B3 17 KRP x P 17 B-K3 18 B x B 18 P x B 19 R-KBsq 19 Q x QBP 20 B x P 20 Q-B4ch 21 K-R2 21 Kt x KP 22 P-Kt6, and the "books" dismiss the game, asserting that White must win. Suppose, however, Black continues with 22 KKt-B3, then I think we can prove, by the following variations, that the reverse will happen. First, by 22 KKt-B3 23 B-Kt5 23 Rt-Kt5ch 24 K-K13, or a and b 24 Q-K4ch 25 K-B3 25 P x B 26 Qx Rch 26 K-B2 27 Q-Kt7ch 27 K-Kt3 And Black wins easily. White must sacrifice his Queen to delay the im- pending mate over four moves. a If 24 Q x Kt 24 P x Bdisch, wins. 231 b And if 24 K-R3 24 Q x B, wins. Secondly: 22 KKt-B3 23 P-K17 23 KR-Ktsq 24 B-KKt5, or a and b. 24 P x B 25 It x Kt 25 Kt-Kt5ch 20 Q x Kt ' 26 Q-K4ch 27 K-K3 27 Q x R 28 E-Qsqch 28 K-K2 29 Q Kt4ch 29 K-B2, and wins. a If 24 Q-R4 24 Kl-Ktoch 25 K-R3 25 It x P 2G B x KRP 26 R-Kt3 Black ought to win. b And, if 24 R or Q-Qsqch, Black can reply with 24 K-K2, in either case getting a safe game, and still retaining the advantage of a piece. Thirdly : White might play for his 23rd move Q x Kt or B x Kt, but, in either case, Black speedily wins. In the first place: 22 KKt-B3 23 Q x Kt 23 Kt-Kt5ch, etc. And, in the second place: 22 KKt-B3 23 B x Kt 23 Kt x Q 24 B x R 24 Q-Q3ch 25 K-Ktsq 25 Kt-Kt6 26 R-B7, or a. 26 Q-Q8ch 27 K-R2, or B2 Black wins easily. a If 26 P-Kt7 26 K-B2 wins. Fourthly: 22 KIvt-B3 23 Q or R-Qsqeh 23 K-K2 And Black still holds his advantage in force, with a perfectly safe game. 232 Table CXXXV.-ALLGAIEE-THOSOLD. P-K4 P-K4 P-KB4 P x P Kt-Kt5 P-KR3 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 P-Kt5 9 10 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Chicago, 1884 Adair Zukertort P-Q4 P-Q4 B x KBP P x P 1 B-B4cli K-Kt3 2 0-0 3 BTk72 P-QB3 Kt-K2 4 Kt-Q2 OJ3-B4 B-K3 5 R-Bl Kt x P ! K-R2 6 Kt-Kt3 K-Rl 7 Q-Q2 Q-Q3 B-B4 Q-QKty 8 QR-K1 QKt-B3 9 B x KRP B-Kt3 B x Bch k^Tb - Q-KIU5 It x Reh R xR-f Team Match London, 1884 Thorold Ballard Glasgow, 1SS4 Wright Speiis K-K.t'2 a. Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 B-K2 B-K5 R-K2 Q-Q2 Kt-B3 P-R5 Kt x B P x Kt Kt QB3 QR-Q1 Kt x P Kt x P B-B4c!i 10 Kt-B6ch K-Rl Kt x P 11 B-B7ch K-Kt3 Q x Q 12 R x s! R x P BTIU3 B- B7ch K-Kt2 R x B K x B R x QR bTk Kt x P K-K3 R-Kl P-Kt6 13 P x Kt Q x Q B x Q Kt x Kt, P x Kt B^Ql54cli K-KI2 B-QB3ch K-Kt3 R-B6cli K-R4 QR-B1! K x P B-Q2 P-Kt6 R-Rlch-f St. Paul Minn. 1884 Hamilton Rohrer B-Koch Kt-KB3 0-0 B-K2 Kt-QB3 Kt-QB3 R-KB4 Kt x B PxKt Q x Qch R x Q B-B4ch K-R2 Kt-R4 R-B7ch K-Kt3 R x QBP P-Kt6eh K-Rl B-Kt3 R-QGch K-B4 R-B7ch K-Kto R-Ktr> K x IIP Kt x KP B^KKt54 London, 1SS1 Gunsbers Ballard " P-Q3 14 Learning ton. ■■ issi Cocker Aspa B- B4ch B xP K-Kt3 B-K2 B x P ' B-B4eh Kt-KB3 K-Kt2 Q-Q3 15 O-O Q-Kl Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 Kt-QB3 R-Kl 17 P-Roch P-K5 Kt x P P x P R x Kt B x P Kt-Kt5 Kt-B3 Q-K2 Q-Kl K x R Kt x B P-R3 Q x Kt Kt-B3 Q-Q3 0-0-0 Q-K3 K-Kt3 P-B3 18 Kt-Q5 ! Kt-K4 ! R-R2 16 Kt x Kt P-K5 R-B7cli R-B2 K-Rl B checks. Q x Kt K-Kt2 Q-K7ch Kt-B6 -f K-Bl Qlt8chl9 K-K2 B-KB1 R x QB B-Q3 R-K5 R x R 20 For Note* see next ponje. Table CXXXV. continued. -ALLGAIEE-THOROLD. 233 Notes to page 232. 1 Mr. ('. E. Banlcen says, in the following notes to this arame, that this move, it is true, breaks White's center, but then it lets in iiis KB, ami isolates the Pawn. We therefore prefer either P-B6 for Black's 7th move, or to bring the KKt here to B3, for if then the P aitacked the Kt, it would go to R4, and, if 9 B-K5, Black could answer with Kt-QBS. 2 Mr. Zukertort, we believe, holds that this followed by B-Kt'2 is best. 3 There would be no advantage now or at the next move in P-R5ch, as the K would simply retire to R2. 4 Kt-KB3 is certainly stronger, defending both the weak Pawns, as will be seen anon. 5 Preparing an observation ingenious attack, the point of which seems to have escaped Black's , or he would have replied with Q-Q2, or K-R2. 6 Mr. Ran ken agrees with the Field, in its notes on this game, that Black had am- ple time now to play QKt-B3, though at the sacrifice of the KKtP, e, 7 , 14 QKt-B. n >, 1.3 Kt-Kt3 "K-R2, 16 Kt x B Kt x Kt, 17 B-Q3 Kt-K2, IS Q x P Q-Q2, l'.i R-B3 K-Rsq, etc. 7 This does not turn out well at all: QKt-B3 would still be better. 8 The Q should have gone to KKt::. and, if the P attack her, to R2, for now she is speedily shut out from the game. 9 If Kt-Ktsq. then 19 Kt x B R x Kt, 20 R-K8 R-Bsq, 21 R x R B x R, 22 B-K5ch B-Kt2, 23 R x B8, and wins. 10 The Glasgow Herald thinks that this move, followed by the capture of the RP, gives Black a winning game. 11 This move anticipates the threatened check at B7. 12 Necessary, on account of the check at R5. 13 Continued: 24 P-B4 21 B-Q/>, 25 Kt-Q2 25 R-KB1, 26 Kt-B3 26 B-B7, 27 R-Ql 27 It x Kt, followed by 28 Kt-B5, and Black wins. 14 Mr. Potter calls this a very ineffective move. The proper move is P-Q4 or P-B6. 15 Mr. Potter says Kt-B3 is decidedly better. 16 lie would prefer B-Kt2 here, as Black can not escape some loss now. 17 Kt-R4 would have been better, compelling the QB to retreat. 18 Weak. B-Bl was best. 19 B-KB4 was the only resource. 20 Continued: 24 P x R 24 Q x R (hoping for the draw if White capture the B), 25 B-Q3! 25 K-Ktl, 26 Q-R7ch 26 K-Bl. 27 Q x RPch 27 K-K2, 23 Q x Bch 28 K-B2, 29 B-Kt6ch 29 K-Kt2, aud White mates iu three. (a) Mr. Potter savs 10 Q-Q2 has some claims here, but he does not regard it as trust- worthy. But there is another continuation, to wit, 10 Q-K2. Upon this eccen- tric aiid apparently aimless move he bases his hope "that the brilliant career of the Allgaier-Thorold shall not for a long time come to a close." Black has three noticeable replies, namely, 10 x QP, 10 LU-QB3, and 10 Kt-KB::. In an- swer to the first, White proceeds 11 P-B:;! 11 Q-B4, 12 B-K::. followed by B-Q4ch. and afterward R-KB1, or Kt-Q3, or Castling, as the ease may require. 11 P-B3 11Q-Q1, 12 B-Koch 12 Kt interposes, 13 R-KB1 13 B-K2, 14 KI-Q2 14 Kt-BS, 15 B x Ktch 15 B x B, 16 Castles, with a strong attack. If Black 11 Q-Kt3, 12 B-K5 12 Kt interposes, 13 R-Bl, with a tolerable game. White ma> also play 11 B-K3, with a strong game. It is to be noted that 10 Q-K2 10 Q x P, fre- quently allows White to play O-O. Mr. Potter promises to deal with Black's oilier defenses at his tenth move at some future time. 234 Table CXXXIV.— SALVIO.-ALLGAIER-K'ZKY. P-K4 P-K4 P-KB4 P x P Kt-,KB3 P-KKt4 Vienna Congress, 1882 Wiesbaden Com'l Gaz. Congress, Corre- 1880 spondence Tournev, 1883 ■ Berlin Congress, 1881 Vienna Conaress, 1882 New York, 1S34 4 Steinitz Consul- Tschigorin tation game B-B4 Kittson Tatnall Tsehigorii Winawer i Steinitz Zukertort P-KR4 Thornton Steinitz P-Kt5 P-Kto 5 Kt-K5 Q-R5ch Kt-K5 KKt-B3 12 I B-Kt2 6 K-Bl KKt-R3 B-B4 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 P-KB6 1] Kt-KB3 7 P-Q4 P-B(j P-Q4 Kt-KB3 P x P B-QB4 B-Kt2 P-Q4 8 QKt-B3 B-B4 4 P-Kt3 Kt-QB3 QKt-B3 P x P Kt-B3 1 P-Q3 Q-KOch P x Pch 0-0 O-O 9 B-B4 P-Q.3 Kt-Q3 P x Pch K-B2 K x P Q-KRtich P-Q4 Kt-R4 QB xP Q-Kt7ch Kt x QP 10 Kt x Kt P x Pch K x P Kt-B3 K-K3 K-Ktl P-Q4 12 Kt-K2 P-QB4 14 B-KKt3 P-KB4 Kt-K6 11 K xP B-KKt3 QKt-B3 B xQP P-B3 QK2! P X Kt Q-K2 5 P-QB3 Kt x B PxP QxQP 12 R-KB1 B-Q2 Kt-B2 B-Kt2 Kt-Q3 8 P x KP Kt x Kt B-Q3 PxP P-B3 Kt-Q2 15 Q-Kt3 13 Q-Q2 B-Kt2 P-B3 Kt-KB4 Kt-KB4ch Q-Kl Kt-Q2 Kt x Kt ie B xKt B-Kt3 B-Q2 B-K3 14 QR-K1 0-0 Kt-Q2 O-O-O K xP P-Q4ch Kt x Kt B x Kt Q-Q3 R-Bl Kt-Q2 Kt-B3 15 E-K3 K-Kl P-Kt4 6 P-B4 B xP P-K5 O-O-O Kt x P R-Klch Kt x Kt P x Bch Bx B IB Kt-K2 P-Kt5 QKt x P PxB! K-Ql Kt-K7ch ! P-Q4 2 Kt-R4 Kt-Q3ch QR-K1 P-Kt4 K-Rl 17 PxP R-Kl 7 KQ3 Q-QR5 + Kt x Kt P x B Kt-B4 Kt x B Q-B7 9 P x B KR-K1 18 R-Q3 Kt x Kt B-K3 Q-QR3 Kt-QB4 Q-R4 B x KtP B-B4ch B x P Kt x Kt 19 K-Ktl Kt-Pv5 P x P K-B3 Kt-Kt4ch B-Q2 Q-Kt3 P x Kt Q-B2 B-B3 20 Kt-Kt3 Q-Kt3 Kt-K3 Kt x P K-Kt3 B x BPch B-B3 0-0-0 R-K6 R x Kt 21 Q-R5 Kt-B6ch Kt x Kt Q x Kt Q x B Q x Bch E-Kl B x B Q xKtP B-Kt2 22 K-Rl P-R4 3 Q. x P ' QxQ + Kt x Q Kt x PcblO R x R KR-B1 Q x R 17 Q-Kt6 18 For Notes see next page. Table CXXXVI. cont'd.-SALVIO— ALLGAIER, ETC. 235 Notes to page 234. 1 P-Q3, followed on Kt retreating to Q3 by P x KtPch, is considered best. 2 An unwarranted sacrifice, though leading to some lively play. 3 Continued: 23 P-Q6 23 P-KB4, 21 Q x QBP 24 QR-Q1, 25 R-K3 25 P-R5, 26 Kt-K2 26 Kt x QP. 27 R-K7 27 Kt x Kt, 23 P> x Kt 28 P-Ktfi, 29 B-B3 29 R-KKtl, 30 P x P 30 P x P, 31 K-Kt2! 31 B-R3, 32 B-K5ch, and Black resigns. 4 This game was contested between Bird, Blackburne, and Winawer (White), and L. Paulsen, W. Paulsen, and Zukertort (Black). 5 Avoiding the lock-up of the Q following Q-R6ch. 6 Mr. Steinitz pronounces this move both premature and hazardous. 7 Mr. Reichhelm says this move loses the game, as it allows the exchange of the B for Kt. Black "won on the 47th move. 8 The object of this deviation from the usual book move B-Q3, is to imprison the Black Q, but the result condemns the strategy. 9 A lost move, as White does not check and capture R. 10 Continued: 23 K-B3 23 Kt x Q, 24 K x Kt 24 P-KR4, 25 Kt-(K3)-Q5 25 Kt R3? (the losing move; B-Q3 was the proper move), 26 QR-Klch 26 K-B2, 27 R-K5 +. 11 The Cochrane variation, which Steinitz played successfully against Anderssen and Zukertort. 12 P-Q3 is better play. 13 Mr. Steinitz says this can be played in lieu of Paulsen's B-Kt2, the moves being merely transposed. 14 This attempt to break through with the P, Mr. Steinitz says, is not new, but in this game Mr. Zukertort has hit upon the exact point to apply it. 15 An excellent move, giving Black the advantage in all variations. 16 If Kt x KtP the reply Kt-Kt3 wins a piece. 17 Continued: 23 P x B 23 Q-KtSrh, 24 K-Q2 24 Q x Pch, 2-5 K-K3 25 R-Klch, 26 K-Q4 26 Q-K5ch. 27 K-B5. 27 Q-K2ch, 28 P-Q6 28 Q-K4ch, 29 Kx P 29 Q-K5ch, 30 K-K13 30 R-Ktlch. 31 Q-Kt4 31 R x Qch, 32 V x It 32 Q-Q6ch, 33 K-Kt2 33 Q-Q5ch, and White resigned. 18 Continued: 23 R-B2 23 R-KB1, 24 R-Q3 24 R-K3?, 25 R x P! 25 R x R, 26 Q x R 26 R-BSch, 27 B-Kl 27 Q-Kt3, 28 Q x Q 23 RP x Q, 29 K-Q2 29 K-Ktl, 30 R-Q8ch 30B-B1, 31 R-Q7? (giving Black a chance to draw: White's correct move was 31 K-K2) 31 B-Q3!, 32 K-K2 32 R-KtS', 33 K-B2 33 R-R3, 34 K-K2 34 R-Kt8, and the game was drawn. Table CXXXVII.— K. GAM3IT-K. G. DECLINED. 1 2 3 1 2 3 London Congress, 1883 London Congress, 1883 London Minor Tonrnev, 1883 * Philadel- phia, 1882 1 Tschigorin Sell man P-K4 Mortimer Rosenthal Elisor V. Bard- eleben P-K4 Steinitz Barbour F-K4 P- -K4 2 P-KB4 P x P P- ■KB 4 B- ■B4 10 Kt-KB3 3 Kt-KB3 P-KKt4 P-Q4 5 Q-K5cti KKt-Ba P-Q3 Px P Kt x B 4 B-B4 B-Kt2 P-KR4 P-Ki5 K-K2 P-Q4 B l!4 KKt-B3 KKt-B3 Kt-Kt4 14 5 P-Q4 P-Kt5? K1-K5 P-Q3 3 P xP B-Q3 6 P B3 P-B3 Q- ■K2! 11 P-Q4 k Kt-Ktl 1 Q-K5oh Kt x KtP B-K2 P-B4 P-QKt3 Q- ■K2I P x Pe.p. p- ■B3! Kt-B3? B xP 7 K-Bl P-Q4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 P-QPv412 P-Q4 Kt-Qu3 B x Poh B-KKt5 P- ■QKt4 P-QK4 Q-K2ch . 8 P-B3 Kt-B2 Q-Kt4 K-Q2 B-Kt3 KKt-Q2 P-B5 KKt-Kto K-B2 B-K3 B x Kt Kt-K5ch 9 QKt-E3 P-B3 ? Kt-B3 Q x B P-B5 — E-Kl2 — P-Q4 13 P X P K-Ktl KKt-B3 Kt-Q2 O-O 10 P-KKt3 P xP Q-B3 Kt-Kt5 P-QR3 P-QK4 P xP B-Q3 B x P P-KB4 11 K-Kt2 B x B Kt-Ql Kt-B3 Kt-K2 Kt x B Ivt x Kt P-B4 Kt x Kt P-QB4! 13 QxB P x P Kt x Kt Kt-B3 K-B2 Q x Kt Kt-B7eh P-Q5 O-O QKt-Q'J 13 K x P P-B3 B-Q3 K-Ql Q-K2 Q-K2 B-Kt6 Kt-Kt3 Kt x li Kt-K4 15 14 Q-B4 B-K2 .B-Q2 B-Q2 QxP ll-KBl Kt x Kt P-Q3 Q-B3 B x Kt 15 R-KB1 Kt-Qt B-Q2 0-0-0 Kt-K4 ! Q x P B-B6 P-KKt3 B-Q2 B checks Ifi R-B5 0-0-0 B-B3 Q x Rch K-Kt2 P-K14 ? P-Bl Q-K6 Qx(c2 B-Kl 17 B-Kt3 P x P Q xQ 7 B x Q + R-Kl Kt-K3 Q x P PxQ B-Q2 18 Q-K8 P-B3 B-Pvo QR-K1 8 B-Bo Kt-Q2 Q-B2 Q-B3 19 KI-B2 Kt-Kt4 P-Kt3 P-KK13 B-E3 Kt x Kt QK-B1 P xKt 20 B-Q5 K-Ktl 2 QR-Pvl B-Q4 QR.-K1 9 B x P Kt-K-J 4 B-B4 16 i or 'notes see next paje. able CXXXVII. coni'd.— K. GAMBIT -K.G. DECLINED. 237 Notes to page 236. 1 Mr. Zukertort says Wliite may enter here into the Muzio with fi 0-0 or 6 B x P, or proceed with Kt-K5. The text move is new, but perfectly safe. 2 Continued: 21 Kt-Kt4 21 Kt-B3?, 22 Q x KV. 22 Kt x B (if P x Q, White's reply is K x Keh r ) 2:Ui x Kt-p. 3 Mr. Minehin says it is singular that such a master of the openings as M. Rosen- . tli a I should ha\ e selected this old fashioned form of defense, when that spring- ing from Kt-KB:5and I! -Kt2 tjives so decided an advantage that the attaek is now rarely ventured on. 4 Through errors White lost this game at move 53. 5 An old move— the Polcrio Gambit. 6 As at the similar stage of the Steinitz Gambit. Black may here play 5 Q-K2eh, giving White the choice between a very inferior game and a draw by perpetual check. As Black is playing to win in this game. Mr. W. M. Gattie would prefer the following continuation for Black: 5 B-KKt5oh, 6 Kt-BS G Kt-Q2, 7 P-IS4 7 O-O-O, 8 K-Q2 8 Kt-B3, with a good game. 7 Q-R5 would have been a difficult move for Black to meet. 8 An error. White should have played Kt x I'., afterward regaining ; ic P l>v QR-Kland B-Q4. 9 Further errors enabled Black to win on the 46th move. 10 Mr. Max Judd says this is Black's best reply. In his opinion, the capture of the 1', whatever it maybe theoretically, more often leads to defeat than success in practice and even in match play. Taking the P gives the fust player many ways of instituting a strong attack, odds givers are very partial to "the Gam- bit accepted. By declining the Gambit with 2 B-Bl the garni- remains eve'n. 11 Mr. Judd says this is the best move at this stage, and leads jn many cases to de- cided advantage for Black. It prevents the establishment of White's center Pawns. In this line of play Black must not exchange his QB for the White KKt. The books advise it, but .Mr. Judd says it is not the best play. 12 Preventing Black from exchanging QTCt for B, and having other obvious inten- tions. 13 White might also play R-Bl. li An invention by Mr. Barbour. 15 Showing the purpose of his 11th move. 16 Continued: 21 Q-R3 21 It x B, ami Mr. Steinitz resigned, seeing that if he took the R he would lose his R-QBl P-QKt4 P-QR3? B-K2 O-U 20 P-QR3 Kt x Kt 10 Kt x Kt! P x Kt QKt-Q2 5 B-KrJ B-Q2 10 B-Ktl 11 P-QR4 Kt-Kt515 O-O Kt-B4 P x Kl ' P-K4 11 Kt x P P-B3 1 R-Bl K-Hl ~ Pv-Kl 12 P-KPv4 P-KR3 P-K4 O-O-O P-KK4 Kt x B Q-K2 12 Kt x Kt P xKt B-Q3 B-K6 6 P x P BP x P B-K12 16 B-K5 IIP x Kt P-Q5 BB5 O-O-O 13 Q-B2 P-KB4 R-Kl 7 Kt-QK48 P-K4 P-Kt5 P X P KH-K1 P x P B x Kt PxP KR-K1 14 P-B5 2 Q-K2 B-Kto Kt x P B x B B-B4ch K- in Q-B2 Kt x Kt Q-lvi4 P-Kt3 15 P-QIU4 lt-Ktl P-QR3 B-Q3 9 P> x Kt P-KtC! B-Ql Kt-Kt3 B-KKt-J B-R3 Kt-B3 B-Kt2 16 B-QB3 B-B3 P-B5! B x B 15 x P B x Pch P x Kt P x P B-Qo Kt-K 1 ! P-Kt3 P-B4 17 QE-Q1 P-O/J Q x B B-B5 K-Bl R-QKtl B xP P-B4! B x P R-QKtl P-K4 P xKP 18 ? x B R-B2 Kt-Brf Q-B3 B-Q3 P-B4! QxB B-Q5 P-B4 ! R x P *vx B Q-Bl 19 K-Qfi! R x P 3 P-QKt4 B-Ktl B-Kt6 Q xQ QKt-Q2 21 P-B5 . R-K2 B-K2 13 PxQ P x P 20 Q-Q2 + P-Kt5 + QR-Q1 P-K4 B-B3 17 Q-R4 R x R O-o 14 KtxKten — Q x It 23 For Notes see next page. 240 Table CXXXVIIX. cont'd— IRREGUT.AB, OPENINGS. Notes to page 239. 1 Mr. Zukertort says M. Rosenthal plays this game below his usual standard. He has already a bad game, and the text move loses time on the K side, and gives White an opportunity to break up the Q side. 2 Blocking the action of both hostile Bishops and opening a good square for his B at QB4. 3 A blunder, but Black's game is lost, his position being blocked and his Pawns weak. 4 Mr. Zukertort says "White may also proceed with 4 P-QKt.3, 5 B-Kt2, and C B-Q3. 5 After the exchange of Pawns on the previous move White makes the text move to protect the QBP, and keep the QB file clear for the Rooks. 6 Black errs here in attacking White's QBP, which is not open to assault. 7 Threatening to win a P with 14 P x P 14 B x B, 15 P x Kt 15 B-Kt4, 1G Kt-K5 16 Q-Kl. 8 P x P would be better. 9 Overlooking White's next move. He should have captured the Kt. 10 White could not play the KP on account of Black's reply B-Kt5. 11 Preparing to attack on the K side. 12 Making an outlet for the K, and preparing to attack in the center. 13 If 19 Kt-Kt5 White wins a piece by R x Pch, etc, 14 White won after a hard battle of 53 moves. 15 A premature attack. 16 Mr. Zukertort says he. should have played B-Q2. 17 This game was a prolonged struggle of 79 moves. Black overlooked a draw at move 45, and again at move 59. White finally won. 18 Mr. Steinitz says this is a novelty which seems to break the force of this attack, once so much dreaded that Morphy avoided it against Harrwitz by 1 P-KB4, after losing twice with the defense 1 P-Q4. 19 Securing a center, and an excellent game. 20 Kt-KB4 would have been premature, on account of the reply Kt-KR4. 21 White probably saw too late that he could not capture the QP, 19QKtxP 19 P x P, 20 B x KP 20 KB x QKt, and White can not retake without losing his Q. 22 Mr. Bird says White has unquestionably the better opening, 23 This was a fine game of 45 moves, and was won by White. 241 THE BLACKMAR GAMBITS. Mr. A. E. Blackmar, of New Orleans, sends to the editor the following analysis of winning positions in two interesting gambits invented by him, and which he has been playing for four years. The second gambit is not played much, because few make use of the Hollandish Defense, Black 1 P-KB4. In the first gambit the general opinion is that Black should not capture the second P, but play 8 P-K3 or 3 P-K4, as suggested by Mr. Chas. A. Maurian. Mr. Blackmar has a manuscript book of over 300 games played at the gambits, and his conclusion is that both lead to most interesting positions, giving White an immense variety of brilliant attacks to repay for the P sacrificed. The second gambit resembles From's Gambit at White's fourth move, ex- cept that White is a move ahead. 242 Table CXXXIX — BIjACKMAR GAMBIT. P-Q4 P-K4 P-KB3 Kt x P 1 P-Q4 2 P x P~ d PxP 4 4 B-B4 P-B3 5 P-K3 6 KB-B4 B-K2 B-K2 P-K4 7 O-O Kt x P Kt-KB3 • B x Kt 8 QKt-Q2 P-B3 E x B Q-E5eh 9 Kt-K5 1 B-Kt3 Kt-Kt5 0-0 P-KKt3 0-0 Q-K5 10 QKt-B3 QKt-Q2 Kt x B EP x Kt P-KKt4 B-Kt3 QKt-B3 P-KE3 o-o QxE 11 Q-K2 B x P P-KE4 Kt x BP Q-Kt3 + B-K4 P-QR3 P x B P-KE3 E x Kt 12 Q-Kl Kt x B Q-B2 Kt x B Kt-K5 B x Kt EP x Kt K-B2 P x Kt B-K5 13 KtxKBP Kt-Kt5 + Kt-B3 B x Pch B x P Kesigns 2 Q-B2 K-E2 B-Q4 14 Kt-K5ch P-Kt5 + Kt x E K-Kti Q-KB1 15 Q x P Kt x EPch K-El B-Ql 16 B-B4 Kt-B7ch K-Ktl Q-K2 17 B-Kt5 Kt-Kt5ch Q-Kl K-Kl 18 E x Kt+ E xKt + 1 Threatens PaB. 2 Correspondence game between A. E. Blaelcmar and L. 8, Atkinson. Table CXL.-BLACKMAE GAMBIT. 243 l'-Qi P-Q4 I'-Kf 1' x P P-KB3 P xP Kt x P 10 11 4 B-Kt5 P-K3 5 P-B3 B-Q3 Kt-KB3 P-K4 KKt-B:; 6 B-Q3 B-QB4 Q-R4ch 5 P-B3 P-K3 P-K5 B-Q2 P-QKtS 7 O-O B-Q3 B x BPch K-K2 Q-Kt3 P-K5 B-K3 B-Kt2 8 Q-Kl O-O QKt-Q2 O-O B x Kt Kt-Kt5 Q-B8 QKt-Q2 P-KR3 4 Kt-Q4 9 Q-R4 B x Kt Q-Kl QKt-B3 Q-K2 B x Kt KB-B4 Q-K2 KKt-Pv3 Kt-Q2 10 RxB QKt-Q2 1 Q-R4 P x B K-Bl + 6 O-O-O P-KK3 R x B B-K2 11 QB-Kt5 Kt-K4 Q x Pch Kt-K4 P-KKt3 Kt xKt K-B2 P-KR3 12 r x Kt Q x B P-KB4 Q xKtP Kt-Q2 B-Q2 ! B-K2 KKt-B3 13 K x KtPch Q-R3 Q-Q5ch + Kt xKt BP x It Q-B3 B x Kt 14 13 x B + 2 B-K3 Kt-K5 .QU-K1 Kt xKt ir> B x Kt P x Kt P x B B-Kt4 16 Kt-K5 3 K-Ktl B x B 7 1 If 111 P-KR3, 11 B xRP+. 2 Game, Blackmar and D. Daponte. 3 Thus far this is a same between A. E. Blackmar and J. A. Galbreath. White played 10 Kt-Kt">, and Black played Q x Rch and lost. He should have played C|-Kt3. 4 If 8 Y x Kt, 9 Q-Kt3 +. 5 Showing the purpose of White's fifth move. 6 Game, Blackmar and L. L. Labatt. 7 An unfinished correspondence game. Note. — The French Defense now often runs into trie Blackmar Gambit, viz.: 1 I'-Kl 1 P-K3, 2 I'-QI 2 P-Q4, 3 P-QB3 3 P x P, ! Kt-Q2 I Kt-KB3, 5 P-B3 5 P x P, 6 KKt • 1'. II 1 P-B : I B-Q3, 5 P a P or Kt-Q2, 5 Q-R5cli +■ 244 Table GXLI.-BLACKMAE GAMBIT. P-Q4 P-K4 P-KB3 Kt xP B-Q3 J- T> r\A " *> T> .. TO ' " T5 .. T> . 4 t> tto D 11 P x P " P x P • P-K3 " Kt-KB3 P-B3 0-0 . QKt-Q2 b B-Q3 ' Kt-B8 O-O 12 13 14 15 Kt-Kt5 P-KR3 Ex Kt P x K QxR P x Kt Kt-E7 QKt-K4 Q-R5 + R-Kl P-KB1 Q-E5 Q-R5 B-Bl 1 K x Kt Kt-K4 + 2 Kt-K4 PxKt B x RP Px B Pv-KBl Q-K2 3 K-B3+ 4 Q-K2 19 Q- R5 Q-R5 Q.B5 " B-Q2 5 -J q Kt-R7 14 15 16 K x Kt 6 Kt-B6ch K-Rl B x P P-KKt3 7 1 If 12 Kt-K2, or B-K2, or B-B5, or B-K4, 13 IO-K4+. 2 If 13 K x Kt, 14 Kt-Kt5ch, or*14 Kt x BPch. If 13 B-Kt2, 14 KKt x BP +. 3 If 15 Q-Q2, 16 B-Kt5 and then to B6 +. 4 If 16 P-Q7, 17 B-B4ch +. If 16 P-K4, 17 R-IU3. If 16 P-B3, 17 B x Reh +. 5 If 12 P x Kt, mate in two. If 12 P-KKt3, mate in four. If 12 P-KB3, 13 Q-Kt6+. 6 If 13 P-KKt3 or KR-Q1, 14 QKt-B6ch +. 7 White mates in eight moves. Table CXLII.- BLACKMAE GAMBIT. 245 P-Q4 P-K4 P-KB3 Kt x P _ l'-B3 1 P-Q4 l PxP 6 P x V 4 B-K15 5 16 17 18 19 20 5 Kt-KB3 (5 B-Q3 P-K3 7 0-0 P-QB3 8 QIU-Q2 B-Q3 9 Q-Kl B-R4 10 Kt-K4 B-Kt3 - 11 ' KKt-Kt5 B-K2 12 Kt x Ktch P xKt B x Kt 13 Kt x KP Kt x KP P x Kt P x Kt 11 B-QB4 0-0 Q x Pch B-K2 B-B2 K-Bl 15 B-R6 B x P QB-Kt5 B-KB4 11-Kl B x B Q-Q2 B-B2 18 Q x Pch Q x B B x Bch B-Q6ch K-El Q-Q2 Px B K-Ktl 17 Q-Kt4 B-Bl 1 Q-K2 K-Bl Q x KtPeh K-Ql B-QB4 P-KB4 Q-Q2 18 ExP Q-R5ch Q x KtP R x B Q-Q2 Pv-B2 R-Kl P x R 19 QR-KB B-Q3 R-B5 3 Q-K3 R-B7 + QxPj 20 Q-Kt5 + 2 B-Q2 4 1 Correspondence game between A. E. Blackmar and L. S. Atkinson, discontinued after 17th move. 2 If Black plays 20 B-K2 White mates in 7 moves. If 20 B x R, mate in 2; if 20 Q-K2, 21 R-BSch wins; if 20 Q-Qsq, 21 R-B7 21 R-Ktsq (21 Kt-Q2, 22 B-Kt7ch, mating in 2), 22 B-Kt7ch wins. 3 If 19 B-Kt5 19 Q-Ql. 4 Tf 20 Kt-Q2, 21 P-Q5 21 V x P, 22 R Ksq 246 Table CXLIII .— BLACKMAR'S SECOND GAMBIT. P-Q4 r-KBd P-K4 B x P P-KB3 Kt x P KKt-B3 B-Q-3 1 P-K3 Kt-Kt5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 P-KKt3 Kt x EP K x Kt B x Pch K-B2 B-Kt5 B-K2 00 K-Bl B x E K x B B x Kt B x B Q-R5ch K-Bl 2 Q-B8ch ^ P-KKt3 Kt-KKt5 P-Q4 Kt x EP li x Kt B x Pch K-Q2 B x E Kt x B 0-0 Q-Kl Q-B3 KKt-B3 Kt-B3 P7B3 B-B4 Q-Kt3 QR-K1 4 P-Q3 P-KK3 QKt-B3 Kt-Kt5 P-K4 Kt x EP P-K5 B x P Kt x B 5 Q-B5ch K-K2 0-0 Q-Kl B-Kt5ch Kt x £ Q x Ktch K-Q2 Kt x Bch B x Kt Q x Pch+ B-K3 P-Q5 B-Ktsq B-Kt5ch Kt x B Q x Ktch K-Q2 Kt x Bch K-Bsq Q-Kt4ch K-Ktsq Kt-Q7ch K-Bl E-B8 + P-KKt3 Kt x EP Kt x Kt B x Pch K-Q2 Q-E5 6 B-Kt2 7 P-Q5 Kt-Q5 8 Q-Kt4ch P-K3 B-B7 + Kt-Bl Q-Kt4ch P-K3 P x Ktch P x P 0-0 + 1 The position is like that of the From Gambit, except that White has given KBP instead of QP, and is a move ahead. 2 If 13 K-K2, 14 R x B +. 3 Game between A. E. Blackmar and A Labry. 4 If 1-1 Q x BP, 15 B x Kt 15 R x B, 16 Q-R3ch 16 K-Qsq, 17 Q-R8 +. 5 If 9 Q-K2, 10 Kt x Ktch +. 6 Appears better than B-B5ch, P-Q5, or Q-Ktlch. 7 If P-K3, 11 P-Q5, Kt-K4, 12 P x Pch, K moves, 13 B x Kt +. 8 If Kt goes to any other square White mates in two. 247 THE "MEADOW HAY" AND "STONEWALL" OPENING. The "Meadow Hay" is an invention of Mr. Preston Ware, of Boston. Its first move to P-QIt-4 for either attack or defense. Mr. Steinitz gave it some passing attention in 1878, and pronounced its irregularity more mani- fest than its value, and said that it is not likely to supersede the debuts of the middle Pawns, which free the actions of the Queens and Bishops. When it is rememhered, he remarked, that there are actually oyop 1 00 dif- ferent ways of starting the game on both sides, on the first move only, with- out proceeding further, it would occasion no surprise that originality is sometimes applied to the very first move, and strange openings are thus introduced. Mr. Ware has played the " Meadow Hay" at Chess Congresses in Europe and America, and proved it to possess considerable strength among the irregular openings. The "Stonewall Opening" was also invented by Mr. Ware, but thus far has attracted little attention. 248 Table CXLIV.— MEADOW HAY O.— STOHE WALL O. P-QE4 P-( P-K4 P-Q4 Kt-KB3 2 P-QB3 P-QE5 P-QB3 P-KB4 5 P-KB4 P-Q4 P-Q4 P-KB4 P-K3 P-KKt3 3 P-Q4 P-K5 • P-K3 P-KB4 P-Q4 KKt-B3 KKt-B3 Kt-KB3 P-K5 B-Kt2 4 B-B4 P-QBG P xP 2 B-B4 Kt-KB3 P-K3 B-Q3 P-K3 B-Q3 P-Q3 fi B x B Kt-KB3 P-K5 P-K3 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-B4 B-K2 Qx B O-O 6 P-K3 B-JB4 Kt-K5 Kt-KB3 KKt-B3 B-Q3 P-B3 0-0 KL-B3 QKI-Q2 7 Q-B2 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-QB4 0-0 P-QB3 P-B4 Kt-KB3 P-QB3 P-B3 8 Kt-Q2 B-K2 O-O P-B5 B-Q2 O-O Kt-B3 O-O Q-B2 9 P-KK3 0-0 Kt x B P-QE3 P-K4 P-QR4 P-QB4 P-QKt3 P-QKt3 P-K4 10 P-KB4 P-QKt3 B-K3 P-QKt4 P-QR4 P-Pv3 B-Kt2 BP xP P x P en p. P xP 11 Qx B B-Kt2 QKt-Q2 P-QKt5 O-O B-Ksq Kt-K5 P-Q5 Q-Kt6ch Kt-B4 12 K-Qsq P x KtP E x P+ 3 P x BP QKt-Q2 Kt x Kt B-Q3 Kt x P Q-Kt3 7 13 Kt-K2 Px£(Q)ch B-Kt5 Kt-Kt5 Q x Kt K-Esq Kt-B4 Kt-Kt5 14 Kt x Q 0-0 Pv-Qsq B-K2 Q-Kt3 Q-QB2 Kt-B5 Kt-Q2 15 Q-B4 P-B6 Q-K2 Kt-K4 6 Q-Ksq Q-Q6ch P-KKt4 Q-Qsq 1(5 K-Ksq Kt-KE5 B-E4 + P-KE3 Kt-E3 Kt-Kt-5 KKT.-B3 17 E-KKtsq P-Kt3 B-K3 Kt-K5 Q-B2+4 P-KE3 18 Q-E6 P-Kt3 E-Qsq E-Ksq 19 Kt-B4 Q-QB5 1 P-E3 8 P x P + For Notes see next page. Tabic CXLIV. continued.— MEADOW HAY O., ETC. 249 Notes to page 248. 1 And White mates in four moves. This game is one of a match played by Mr. Ware with Mr. Keyes in Boston in 1878. Mr. Ware played his "Meadow ilay " Opening in all the ten games of the match, winning nine of them. 2 Mr. Steinitz would have preferred P-QKt3. 3 Black's RP was bound to fall, and the open II file gives White the better position. The game is one won by Mr. Ware from Capt. Mackenzie. 4 From a game won from Mr. Ware by Capt. Mackenzie. 5 The " Stonewall Opening.' 6 A loss of time. Mr. Sellman recommends P-QKtl. From a game won by Mr. Ware from Mr. Weiss at the Vienna International Chess Congress, 18S2. 7 Beginning a counter attack. 8' A weak move. This game was won from .Mr. Ware by Mr. Paulsen at the Vienna Congress, 1382. 250 CHESS CODE OF THE CHESS A.SSOCIA_TIOIsr OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Adopted in New York, January 28ih, 1880, during the session of the Fifth American Chess Congress. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED. Whenever the word "Umpire" is used herein, it stands for any Com- mittee having charge of Matches or Tournaments, with power to de- termine questions of chess-law and rules; or for any duly appointed Referee, or Umpire ; for the bystanders, when properly appealed to ; or for any person, present or absent, to whom may be referred any disputed questions ; or for any other authority whomsoever having power to deter- mine such questions. When the word "move" is used it is understood to mean a legal move or a move to be legally made according to these laws. When the word "man" or "men" is used, it is understood that item- braces both Pieces and Pawns. THE CHESS-BOARD AND MEN. The Chess-board must be placed with a white square at the right-hand corner. If the Chess-board be wrongly placed, it can not be changed during the game in progress after a move shall have been made by each player, pro- vided the men were correctly placed upon the board at the beginning, i. e. the Queens upon their own colors. A deficiency in number, or a misplacement of the men, at the beginning of the game, when discovered, annuls the game. The field of the Standard Chess-board shall be twenty-two inches square. The Standard Chess-men shall be of the improved Staunton Club size and pattern. FIRST MOVE AND COLOR. The right of first move must be determined by lot. The player having the first move must always play with the white men. The right of first move shall alternate, whether the game be won, lost or drawn. 251 The game is legally begun when each player shall have made his first move. Whenever a game shall be annulled, the party having the move in that game shall have it in the next game. An annulled game must be, considered, in every respect, the same as if it had never been begun. CONCESSIONS. The concession of an indulgence by one player does not give him the right of a similar, or other, indulgence from his opponent. If, during the course of the game, it be discovered that any error, or illegality has been committed, the moves must be retraced, and the necessary correction made, without penalty. If the moves can not be correctly re- traced, the game must be annulled. If a man be dropped from the board and moves made during its absence, such moves must be retraced and the man restored. If this can not be done to the satisfaction of the Umpire, the game must be annulled. The King can be Castled only, When neither the King nor the Castling Rook has been moved, and Where the King is not in check, and Where all the squares between the King and Rook are unoccupied, and Where no hostile man attacks the square on which the King is to be placed, or the square he crosses. In Castling, the King must be first moved. The penalty of moving the King prohibits Castling. EN PASSANT. Taking the Pawn " en passant," when the only possible move, is com- pulsory. QUEENING THE PAWN. A pawn reaching the eighth square must be at once exchanged for any piece (except the King) that the player of the Pawn may elect. A player falsely announcing "check," must retract the move upon which the announcement was based and make some other move, or the move made must stand at the option of the opponent. No penalty can be enforced for any offense committed against these rules in consequence of a false announcement of " check," nor in consequence of the omissiou of such announcement, when legal "check" be given. 252 "J'adoube," "I adjust," or words to that effect, can not protect a player from any of the penalties imposed by these laws, unless the man or men ' touched, obviously need adjustment, and unless such notification be distinctly uttered before the man, or men, be touched, and only the player whose turn it is to move is allowed so to adjust. The hand having once quitted the man, but for an instant, the move must stand. Men overturned or displaced accidentally may be replaced by either player, without notice. A willful displacement, or overturning of any of the men^ forfeits the game. PENALTIES. Penalties can be enforced only at the time an offense is committed, and before any move is made thereafter. A player touching one of his men, when it is his turn to play, must move it. If it can not be moved he must move his King. If the King can not move, no penalty can be enforced. For playing two moves in succession the adversary may elect which move shall stand. For touching an adversary's man, when it can not be captured, the of- fender must move his King. If the King can not move, no other penalty can be enforced. But if the man touched can be legally taken, it must be captured. For playing a man to a square to which it can not be legally moved, the adversary, at his option, may require him to move the man legally, or to move the King. For illegally capturing an adversary's man, the offender must move his King, or legally capture the man, as his opponent may elect. For attempting to Castle illegally, the player doing so must move either the King or Rook, as his adversary may dictate. For touching more than one of the player's own men, he must move either man that his opponent may name. For touching more than one of the adversary's men, the offender must capture the one named by his opponent, or if either can not be captured, he may be required to move the King or capture the man which can be taken, at the adversary's option; or, if neither can be captured, then the King must be moved. A plaj'er moving into check may be required, by the opposing player, either to move the King elsewhere, or replace the King and make some other move : — but such other move shall not be selected by the player imposing the penalty. For discovering check on his own King, the player must either legally move the man touched, or move the King at his adversary's option. In case neither move can be made, there shall be no penalty. While in check, for touching or moving a man which does not cover the check, the player may be required to cover with another piece, or move the King, as the opposing player may elect. 2G3 TOUCHING THE SQUARES. While the hand remains upon a man, it may be moved to any square that it commands, except such squares as may have been touched by it during the deliberation on the move; but if all the squares which it commands have been so touched, then the man must be played to such of the squares as the adversary may elect. COUNTING FIFTY MOVES. If, at any period during a game, either player persist in repeating a par- ticular check, or series of checks, or persist in repeating any particular line of play which does not advance the game; or if "a game-ending" be of doubtful character as to its being a win or a draw; or if a win be possible, but the skill to force the game questionable ; then either player may demand judgment of the Umpire as to its being a proper game to be determined as drawn at the end of fifty additional moves, on each side ; or, the question : " Is, or is not the game a draw?" may be, by mutual consent of the players, submitted to the Umpire at any time. The decision of the Umpire, in either case, to be final. And whenever fifty moves are demanded and accorded, the party demand- ing it may, when the fifty moves have been made, claim the right to go on with the game, and thereupon the other party may claim the fifty move rule, and the end of which, unless mate be effected, the game shall be decided a draw. STALE- MATE. A stale-mate is a drawn game. TIME LIMIT. The penalty for exceeding the time limit is the forfeiture of the game. It shall be the duty of each player, as soon as his move be made, to stop bis own register of time and start that of his opponent, whether the time be taken by clocks, sand-glasses, or otherwise. No complaint respecting an adversary's time can be considered, unless tbis rule be strictly complied with. But nothing herein is intended to affect the penalty for exceeding the time limit as registei'ed. ABANDONING THE GAME. If either player abandon the game by quitting the table in anger, or in an otherwise offensive manner; or by momentarily resigning the game; or re- fuses to abide by the decision of the Umpire, the game must be scored against him. If a player absent himself from the table, or manifestly ceases to consider his game, when it is his turn to move, the time so consumed shall, in every case, be registered against him. DISTURBANCE. Any player willfully disturbing his adversary shall be admonished; and if such disturbance be repeated, the game shall be declared lost by the player so offending, provided the player disturbed then appeals to the Umpire. 254 THE UMPIRE. It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judg- ment when they do not apply. No deviation from these laws can be permitted by an Umpire, even by mutual or general conseut of the players, after a match or tournament shall have been commenced. The decision of the Umpire is final, and binds D*oth and all the players. RULES FOR PLAYING THE GAME AT ODDS. I. In games where one player gives the odds of a piece, or " the exchange," or allows his opponent to count drawn games as won, or agrees to check- mate with a particular man, or on a particular square, he has the right to choose the men, and to move first, unless an arrangement to the contrary is agreed to between the combatants. II. When the odds of Pawn and one move, or Pawn and more than one move are given, the Pawn given must be the King's Bishop's Pawn when not otherwise previously agreed on. III. When a player gives the odds of his Kind's or Queen's Rook, he must not Castle (or more properly speaking leap his King) on the side from which the Rook is removed, unless before commencing the game or match lie stip- ulates to have the privilege of so doing. IV. When a player undertakes to give check-mate with one of his Pawns, or with a particular Pawn, the said Pawn must not be converted into a Piece. V. When a player accepts the odds of two or mere moves, he must not play any man beyond the fourth square, i. e., he must not cross the middle line of the board, before his adversary makes his first move. Such several moves are to be collectively considered as the first move of the player ac- cepting the odds. VI. In the odds of check-mating on a particular square it must be the square occupied by the King mated, not by the man giving mate. VII. The player who undertakes to win in a particular manner, and either draws the game, or wins in some other manner, must be adjudged to be the loser. In all other respects, the play in games at odds must be governed by .the regulations before laid down. RULES FOR PLAYING CORRESPONDENCE AND CONSULTATION GAMES. I. In playing a game by correspondence or in consultation, the two parties shall always agree beforehand in writing or otherwise as to the persons who are to take part in the contest, as to the time and mode of transmitting the moves, as to the penalties to be inflicted for any breach of the contract, and as to the umpire or referee. II. In games of this description each party is bound by the move dispatched; and in this connection the word move refers to what is intel- ligibly wrilten, or d olive red viva voce. 255 In any game the announcement of a move which does not include the actual transfer of a man from one square to another, shall bo considered as a move not intelligibly described within the meaning of this section. III. Each party must be bound by the move communicated in writing, or by word of mouth, to the adversary whether or not it be made on the ad- versar3''s board. If the move so communicated should prove to be different from that actually made on the party's own board, the latter must be altered to accord with the former. IV. If either party be detected in moving the men when it is not their turn to play, or in moving more than one man (except in castling) when it is their turn to play, they shall forfeit the game, unless they can show that the man was moved for the purpose of adjusting or replacing it. V. If either party has, accidentally or otherwise, removed a man from the board, which has not been captured in the course of the game, and made certain moves under the impression that such man was no longer in play, the moves must stand, but the man may be replaced whenever the error is discovered. VI. If either party permit a bystander to take part in the contest, that party shall forfeit the game. 256 HINTS ON CORRESPONDENCE PLAY. [Croydon (Eng.) Guardian.] As most stringent- rules govern correspondence chess, it behooves the players to proceed with methodical care, both in their preliminary arrange- ments for the contest and in the game itself. The preliminary arrange- ments, to be very precise, consist in game recorders, chess board diagrams, and a copy of a good book on the " Openings." The first named are merely printed forms, upon which the moves are recorded. The date of transmis- sion or receipt should be noted by the side of each move. The diagrams are used to show the actual state of the game after the last move. The ordinary written symbols for the men, should be marked in pencil, and the position altered after each pair of moves, to prevent the necessity of playing over the game from the score. Of course, a precise knowledge of the English system of notation is absolutely necessary. There are one or two peculiar- ities in correspondence play, as distinguished from over-the-board games that demand close attention. In the first place, deeper and more complete examination of position induces greater soundness of combination, and hence it is found that the brilliant gambit, which over the board frequently carries all before it, admits of a perfectly satisfactory defense, and can not be safely adopted when playing by correspondence. In a similar manner those errors that occur in ordinary play and afford opportunities for dashing attacks, or at least for the acquirement of decisive advantages, rarely creep into a correspondence partie. It is, therefore, necessary to acquire the power of discerning the slightest weakness in the hostile position, and of using the smallest advantage in such a manner as to produce the greatest possible benefit Another marked feature of correspondence play is the much stronger analytical power which is necessary to command success. A comprehensive analysis is generally required after every three or four moves. The best way to proceed with this is to examine the most probable line of play resulting from a particular move, until a clear advantage rests either with yourself or your opponent. Then commence again and try to improve the play of the losing side. If eventually the result be reversed, take the last variation and again attempt to strengthen the play of that which has now become the weaker color. After exhausting, to the best of your ability, the variations on each side, test one or two other initiatory moves in the same manner, then select the one which best suits the emer- 257 gencies of the case. All likely sacrifices, both on your own part and on that of your opponent, should be scrutinized with some precision, and if they appear to lead to important variations they must be closely examined. Th's analysis should always be written and kept at least until the finish of the game. When sending your own play always repeat your opponent's last move. It also his following move is compulsory or very evident, it is well to hasten the game by stating what your answer would be if he were to adopt the proposed "alternative." Great care must be used in recording the move on the card. To prevent mistakes in the number of the square always play from your own side of the board, and not systematically from that of the first player. On the score of conciseness and non-liability to error, it is preferable to write the moves one under the other, White being placed above and Black below, with a line between. Having posted your card giving the chosen move, the only thing that remains to be done is to wait as calmly and composedly as you conveniently can until the reply ar- rives. Make it a standing rule not to analyze in the interim. It frequently creates hesitation and weakens your play, because the fresher ideas you can bring for the consideration of your opponent's move, when it does come, the better it is for you. Then, however, even if the move has been expected, give it a little further examination before sending a reply. 258 A GREAT CHESS CLUB. THE NEW ORLEANS CHESS, CHECKERS, AND WHIST CLUB— A SKETCH OF ITS HISTORY. [From the New Orleans Times-Democrat, July 22, 1S84.] During the latter part of June, 1880, a number of gentlemen, who had formerly belonged to chess clubs in New Orleans, and who had witnessed, with no little regret, tlie untimely dissolution of each and all of them, at several informal meetings discussed the project, of re-establishing such a Club in New Orleans, to be kept up for recreation in the idle days of sum- mer and abandoned as the busier period of the fall should approach. Nat- urally these discussions were confined to a very limited circle, but they eventually resulted in a search (and a prolonged one it was) for rooms suit- able for the intended organization and within the very slender means antic- ipated for it. This difficult task was undertaken by a self-appointed com- mittee, consisting of Messrs. Charles F. Buck, Charles A. Maurian, and James D. Seguin, and notwithstanding energetic effort, it was nearly the middle of the succeeding month before anything definite was accomplished. However, on Thursdaj^, July 21, 1880, or just four years ago yesterday, the intended Club held its first informal meeting over Eugene Krost's saloon, 128 Gravier street. The meeting was called to order by Mr. A. E. Blackmar. Mr. Charles A. Maurian was elected President and Mr. James D. Seguin, Secretary, each pro tern., and a committee was appointed to draft a consti- tution. The gentlemen present or represented on that occasion, and form- ing the nucleus of the organization that has since grown to such immense proportions, were William Armstrong, D. J. Baldwin, A. E. Blackmar, Charles F. Buck, Isidore Danziger, William H. Dwyer, Charles N. Edwards, Lewis L. Ellis, Edgar H. Farrar, Fred. G. Freret, Louis Gallot, James A. Gresham, R. A. Harrison, W. S. Keplinger, Leon L. Labatt, Alexander Labry, Lucien A. Ledoux, Charles A. Maurian, John Rochi, Andre W. Se- guin, James D. Seguin, Bernard C. Shields, Jules Targos, Jr., T. Toca, Ed- ward F. Vix, Edward Vorster, and James Wibray, twenty-seven altogether, of whom allfcut half a dozen or so are still members of the Club. It had already been suggested that, to insure greater attraction and a more enlarged interest, the games of checkers and whist should be added to that of chess, and the Committee on Constitution were instructed to report accordingly. The second meeting of the Club occurred July 24, 1880, with thirty-five members present out of a membership that had already reached fifty-two. The constitution reported by the committee was adopted, and the officers 259 thereunder elected. President, Charles A. Maurian; First Vice-President, Charles F. Buck ; "Second Vice-President, E. F. Vix ; Secretary, James D. Seguin. Governing Committee — E. II. Farrar, A. E. Blackmar, James D. Seguin, A. R. Harrison, W. S. Keplinger, Isidore Danziger. The project of the originators meeting with an encouraging and speedy success, it soon became necessary to seek more commodious quarters, and a comfortable suite of rooms were found over the saloon of Frank Berkes, 168 Common street. On October 21, 1880, the Club moved into its new loca- tion. It now numbered 110 members, with a prosperous future before it. On December 31 the Club made its second move, going into rooms over .Mrs. Droste's saloon, 166 Common street. At the meeting of January 6, 1881, 140 members were present, and a small assessment, the first and only one in the history of the Club, was levied for the purpose of providing a fund with which to furnish the rooms. In accordance with an amendment to the constitution, adopted at this meeting, on January 24, 1881, the Club having reached a membership of 150, an initiation fee of $2 was inaugu- rated. The first Whist Tournament was played in the latter part of October and early part of November, 1880, and lasted about three weeks. On February 10, 1881, the Club moved for the third time, having engaged the spacious rooms at 184 Common street, corner of Varieties alley. At this time there were 175 names on the roll, and the rooms over Hawkins' saloon were large, commodious, and elegantly furnished. On August 21, 1880, the first Chess Tournament was inaugurated, and continued somewhat desultorily until February 20, 1881, James D. Seguin obtaining the first prize and James Wibray the second. During February, 1881, the Club entertained as a guest Captain George H. Mackenzie, the celebrated chess player, and champion of America, and subsequently, during the months of December, 1881, and January, 1882, Captain Mackenzie was again its guost. In January, 188.'?, Hcrr Willhelm Steinitz, the famous Austrian master, was similarly entertained by the Club, and during the past April, Dr. Zukertort, the great Prussian player and winner of the London International Tournament of 1883, was likewise its guest. The details of these two highly interesting visiis are still doubtless fresh in the minds of the public. The Club, with careful management, prospered wonderfully in its Common street quarters. During its stay in this location, up to November, 1883, a number of very interesting and successful tournaments of chess, draughts, billiards, and whist were carried out, a large and copiously supplied read- ing-room was established, and many other improvements introduced. The membership rose with astonishing rapidity, reaching at one time over 600, though it subsequently fell somewhat when the dues were raised from sev- enty-five cents per month (the original rate) to $1, the present charge. About the middle of 1883, the Club, having now a net strength of about 500 members, and being in fine financial standing, it was decided to be both necessary and wise to secure more elegant and commodious quarters. The Governing Committee were, therefore, authorized to secure the Perry 260 House, at the corner of Canal and Baronne streets, and fit. it up for perma- nent club-rooms. On the 1st day of December, 1883, the Club took possession of their pres- ent magnificent quarters. On the first floor to the right is the chess-room, containing thirteen heavy black walnut chess tables, with eiegant inlaid boards; the walls are hung with fine pictures, and the mantels hold the photographs of the world's great chess players. Besides, the room is fitted up with all the other appliances and comforts necessary to a first-class chess-room. Eighteen sets of club- size Staunton men have been ordered from England, and are expected shortly. The library and reading-room is off the chess-room and fronts on the Baronne street side. On the opposite side; fronting Canal street, is the par- lor, luxuriously furnished. The annex parlor, in which there is a splendid piano, is used as the music room. Adjoining the annex is the bar-room, el- egantly fitted up, and where the best of drinkables are kept. To the left on the wing is the reception-room; back of this are the dom- ino, checkers, and writing-rooms. On the rear galleries are the wash-rooms, store-room, and closets. On the second floor, on Baronne, is the billiard-room, containing two new tables, brought from New York. At the corner of Canal and Baronne is the whist-room. Across the hall is the general card-room, where, however, playing is only allowed for amusement, as no money-play is permitted in the Club building. Next is the euchre, backgammon, and cribbage-room. Opposite the billiard-room is the pool-room, with one new table for the amusement of the lovers of that game. The renovation of the upper floor is not yet completed, but is rapidly being put into good order. The hall has already been cut through to con- form with those below, and Baronne street side has been thrown into one large room, to be used exclusively as a library, as it is the intention of the Club to establish a circulating library for the benefit of the members. The increase of membership has been prodigious since the occupancy of the new location. The young men of the city have flocked in, finding there easy recreations, a place to feel at home during the evenings, to enjoy them- selves at the many innocent games that are played, and to sit in the cool breeze that almost always blows along the wide veranda surrounding the entire building. The officers of the Club are: Hon. Charles F. Buck, President; Judge Charles G. Ogden, First Vice-President; Dr. S. M. Bemiss, Second Vice-President; A. T. Mather, Treasurer. Governing Committee: I. K. Small, C. B. Penrose, H. F. Warner, Lucien Lyons, Charles Janvier. Library Committee: Jas. D. Seguin, Fred. G. Freret, and Jas. L. McLean. The growth of the Club has been phenomenal, and it now numbers about 1,050 members. Nothing reasonable within the resources of the Club has been left unsupplied, and all the rooms bear evidences of comfort and re- fined attractiveness. 261 AMEKIGAN CHESS CLUBS AND RESORTS. The following list, is by far the most comprehensive that, has yet been made. The assurance is genera! that lovers of chess away from home will be welcome visitors at these chess rooms: Albany, N. Y.— Rail Road Reading-rooms, Union Depot. Baltimore, Mo. — The Baltimore Chess Association meets at its rooms, S. E. corner of Charles and Saratoga Sts. 110 members. Brooklyn, N. Y. — The "Philidor Chess Club" meets at 61-73 Meserole St., E. D. Fifty- four members. Hours of play, Tuesda} 7 and Friday evenings. Dr. E. W. Owen, President. Robert Hentscher, Secretary. The " Danites Chess Club " is a social organization. The members meet at each others' residences. The "Paul Morphy Chess Association" meets at 427 Gates Ave., on Tuescay, Thursday, and Saturday evenings. Dr. Jas. T. Bundick, President. W. Edmonstone, Secretary. The " Columbia Chess Club " is a social organization in South Brooklyn. Buffalo, N. Y. — The "Buffalo Chess Circle" meets at members' residences. About thirty members. Batavia, N. Y — The "Batavia Club" has chess-boards and men. Cobourg, Canada — Has a strong chess circle. Chicago, III. — "Chicago Chess Club" meets day and evening at ' s -~> Dearborn St. l>r N. F. Cooke, President. John D. Adair, Secretary. A number of chess players meet daily in the Sherman House basement. Also, at Welch's Restaurant, Dearborn St. Cincinnati, O. — " Cincinnati Chess Club," the oldest club in the city, meets every day except Sunday, at the Young Men's Mercantile Library, Walnut St., above Fourth. Chas. Miller, President. F. C. Miller, Secretary. Usual hours of play, from 1 to 6 p. m. The Cuvier Club, Longworth St., East of Race, has several tables. Open to introduced strangers. 262 Camden, N. J. — Chess Club. Cleveland, O. — The " Cleveland Chess Club " meets at 246 Superior St. W. G. Amor, President. Dr. Robt. Dayton, Secretary. Canadian Chess Association — The list of officers for 1884 is as follows : Patron, His Excellency, the Governor-General. President, G. E. Casey, M.P. Vice Presidents, J. B. Hurlburt, L.L.D., F. H. Lambert, and Professor Cherriman, Ottawa; H. A. Howe, L.L.D., Montreal. Managing Committee, C. P. Champion, Quebec; I. Ryall, M.D., Hamilton; T. C. Larose, Ottawa; W. H. Hicks, J. Barry, and J. G. Ascher, Montreal. Secretary-Treasurer, W. H. Morgan, Ottawa. Detroit, Mich. — " Detroit Chess Association." Room No. 8, Merrill Block. Thomas D. Hawley, President. Geo. L. Swan, Secretary. Rooms open day and evening. There are several chess tables at the Phoenix Restaurant, 77 Bates St. Dayton, 0. — "Dayton Chess Club." Room in Clegg's Block, East of Jefferson St., 2nd story. Open every day, except Sunday, from 3 to 6 in the afternoon, and on Tuesday and Saturday evenings. C. L. Hawes, President. Capt. A. C. Fenner Corresponding Secretary. Denver, Ccl. — Chess players meet at the Markham House. Tables also at the rooms of the Y. M. C. A. Elizabeth, N. J. — The rooms of the Elizabeth Chess Club at Van Deventer's, 128 Broad St., are open to the public day and evening. R. W. Pope, President. W. H. Luster, Secretary. At Pollard's chess and reading-room, No. 258 Morris Ave., players are always welcome. Chess players will find a pleasant resort day or evening at Max Puegner's cigar store, No. 73 Broad St. Elmira, N. Y. — The " Century Club," Masonic Temple, over the post-office, corner of Lake and Market Sts., has several chess tables. Chess players visiting the city and desiring to be introduced, can call upon Mr. E. E. Burlingame, at the Elmira Telegram Office. Easton, Md. — Chess Club. Guelvh, Canada — Has a strong chess circle. 263 Galveston, Texas — "Galveston Chess Club." 48 members. Col. S. S. Nichols, President. F. O. Becker, Secretary. (Brownwood, Victoria, and Indianola are among the places in Texas that have chess players of considerable strength.) Germaxtowx, Pa. — Chess Club meets at the Y. M. C. A. Building, Main St. Hamilton, Canada — Chess Club meets socially. Aid. W. H. Judd, President. Dr. I. Ryaii, 71 Main St., East, Corresponding Secretary. Hamilton, 0. — Chess players meet at the Grand Army Reading-room, Second National Bank Building, High St. HoRNELLSVILLE, N. Y. — ■ Chess Tables at the Delevan Hotel. Indianapolis, Ind. — Chess players meet at Baldwin's Block, corner of Market and Delaware Sts., second floor. Jerseyville, III. — Chess Club. 20 members. Lyons, N. Y.— Chess is played at the rooms of the Y. M. L. & L. Society, Opera House Block, at Crane's Hotel, and Real's Club Room. London, Canada — lias a strong chess circle. Linden, Perry Co., Tenn. — Chess Club. Among the prominent players are A. W. Hunt and W. A. Edwards. Lexington, Ky. — Has a strony; circle of chess players, including Messrs. Charles, Loewen- hart, McArdle, Allen, Kaufman, and Barkley. Leadville, Col. — Chess plaj'ers meet at Dr. Hoelke's drug store. Lynchburg, Va. — Chess players meet at the rooms of the Y. M. C. A. Louisville, Ky. — The "Louisville Chess Club" meets at its rooms in the Polytechnic Building, Fourth Ave., between Green and Walnut Sts., second floor. Prof. 0. B. Theiss, President. Will H. Lyons, Secretary. 264 Montreal — "Montreal Chess Club" (the oldest chess club in Canada), 141 Mans- field St., in connection with the Montreal Gymnasium. Meets Tuesday and Saturday evenings and Saturday afternoons. H. A. Howe, President. J. G. Ascher, Secretary. Rooms open for play every day except Sunday. " Montreal Chess Divan," formerly the " City Chess Club." 112 Saint Frajicois Xavier St. Proprieter, C. H. Crossen. Free to all. Open every day during the summer, until 7 p. m., and in winter until 12 P. M. J. G. Ascher, President. J. Bemrose, Secretary. Morgan, Basque Co., Texas — Head-quarters of the " Texas Central Chess Association." Milwaukee, Wis. — " Phihdor Chess Club," 292 West Water St. Joseph Fisher, President. G. Herrscher, Secretary. " Milwaukee Chess Club," corner East Water and Mason Sts. (No present organization.) New York City — "Manhattan Chess Club," 104 East 14th St., opposite Steinway Hall. Rooms open daily, including Sundays and holidays, from 1 p. m. to mid- night, Geo. T. Green, President. J. S. Curry, Vice-President. W. M. de Visser, Corresponding Secretary. Dr. G. Simonson, Recording Secretary. F. M. Teed, Treasurer. Membership now about 220. "New York Chess Club," li Second Ave. (near Houston St.) Jacob Greenberger, President. Patrick J. Doyle, Secretary. Rooms- open daily. Membership about 60. The game is publicly played in several places in New York City, of which the "Turn Halle," G6 and 6S East 4th St., and the "Cafe Logeling," 49 Bowery, are the most prominent. The "Logeling" was for some j'ears the home of the Manhattan Chess Club. The " Telegraphers Chess Club " has rooms in the Western Union Build- ing. There are several chess tables in the library room of the N. Y. Stock Exchange. Newark, N. J. — The Young Men's Hebrew Association, of Newark, have elegant chess rooms and invite all players to call. J. Stein, President. C. Hymes, Secretary. Nashville, Ten t x. — South Nashville Chess Room, Engine House No. 3. Merchants' Exchange Chess Room, No. 23 North College. New Orleans Chess, Checkers, and Whist Club — Meets at its rooms, corner Baronne and Canal Sts., upstairs. Has over a thousand members. Chas. F. Buck, President. 265 Ottawa, Canada — The President of the "Ottawa Chess Club" is Prof. J. 1>. Cherriman. W. IF. Morgan, Secretary. Oneanto N. Y. — Y. M. A. Reading-room. Pittsburgh, Pa. — The " Pittsburgh Chess Club" meets at the Mercantile Library, Penn Ave. near 6th St. Regular evenings for play, Mondays and Thursdays, though members may be found there at any time. Visitors are always welcome. President, J. W. Collins, No. 91 Diamond St. Secretary, Howard Sutton, care Mercantile Library, Pittsburgh. Port Jervis, N. Y. — Chess is played at St. John's drug store, C. L. H. Bayne's barber shop, and Col. Green's store. Philadelphia, Pa. — The "Philadelphia Chess Club" meets at 116 South Twelfth St., second story. Open at all hours. The usual hours for play are from 4 to (i:o0 p. M., and from 8 to 12 p. M. Six tables. D. M. Martinez, President. Robert. Frank, Secretarj 7 . The Mercantile Library chess room, Tenth St., below Chestnut, second floor, has 24 tables. Open every day except Sunday, from 9 A. M. to 10 p. M. Strangers are welcome. The Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia Library, corner of Broad and Christian Sts., has two tables, also the very extensive chess library of the late Prof. Allen. The Athenaeum, 219 South Sixth St., has four tables. Open from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M. The usual hours for play are from 12 M. to G P. M. The Quaker City Chess, Checker, and Whist Club, Arch St., near Ninth, has five tables. The Merchants' Exchange, Exchange Building, corner of Third and Walnut Sts., has four tables. Hours of play, 12 M. t« 6 p. m. Quebec, Canada — " The Quebec Chess Club" has been in existence about f»0 years. Rooms are at 50 St. John St. Ail visiting chrss players are invited to call. The Club nights are Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, but the rooms are open every afternoon and night, T. Le Droit, Honorary President, F. H. An- drews, President. D. R. McLeod, Secretary. Richmond, Ind. — Chess players meet at the fire engine-house. Richmond, Ya. — The "Richmond Chess Club" meets at room 13 Rueger's building, Bank St. Thirty members. Hon. John W. Johnston, President. Chas. L. Page, Corresponding Secretary. Rochester, N. Y. — The "Rochester Chess and Checker Club" meets at 79 Arcade. 25 members. Frederick Driseoll, President. Albert E. Newman, Secretary. 266 RlCHBURG, N. Y. — Aiken House. St. John, N. B.— The "St. John Chess Club" meets Monday, Wednesday, and Friday evenings at the rooms of the Y. M. C. A. Seneca Falls, N. Y. — Chess club with 28 members. J. N. Hammond, President. J. P. Met- calf, Secretary. Meets in P. 0. building. Salt Lake City, Utah— Chess players meet at each others' residences. Among prominent players are Orson Pratt, Jr., J. Barnett, Harmel Pratt, and Arthur Pratt. St. Louis, Mo. — "St. Louis Chess, Checker, and Whist Club" meets corner Ninth and Olive Sts. 60 members. Jas. Milburn, President. A. H..Robbins, Secretary. "Social Chess Club" meets at 1542 South Broadway. 20 members. Theodore Rabusky, President. Hugo Rinkel, Secretary. The Young Men's Temperance Union, corner of Tenth and Locust Sts., has several chess tables. Open daily, except Sunday, from 10 a. si. to 10 p. m. St. Paul, Minn. — The "St. Paul Chess Club" meets at room 21, corner of Wabasha and Fourth Sts. Open at all times. Regular meetings Wednesday and Thursday evenings. D. DeLong, President. C. S. Rohrer, Corresponding Secretary. San Francisco, Cal. — ■ Chess players meet at the rooms of the Mercantile Library. Spartanburg, S. C. — Chess Club numbers about 30 members. Hon. J. S. R. Thomson, Pres- ident. Capt. F. N. Walker, Secretary. TUNKHANNOCK, Pa. — T. Greenville's drug store, S. H. Sickler's drug store, and Billings & Reynold's Hotel. Troy, N. Y. — Railroad Reading-rooms, Troy Depot. Thurlow, Pa. — Chess Club. D. B. Fox, President. C. E. Dennis, Secretarj\ Toledo, O. — "Toledo Chess Club" meets over the Commercial National Bank, cor- ner of Summit and Monroe Sts. Maurice Judd, President. Col. C. C. Doo- little, Secretary. Toronto, Canada — The "Toronto Chess Club" meets in the "Athenaeum Club" rooms in 267 the Free Library Building. (10 members. Hours of play, from 12 M. to 11 v. m. John L. Blaikie, President. Chns. W. Phillips, Secretary. Western New York and Northern Pennsylvania Chess Association — Meets annually. The territory embraces New York State west of the Hudson River, and Pennsylvania north of a line drawn from the mouth of the Juniata River to the nearest point on the Lehi 3 Speeches Daniel H. Voorhees 7 Stage (The). Murdoch 5 Tally Book for Lumber Dealers. Webb 7 Vicksburg Campaign. Reed • 5 Vineyard Culture Improved. 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