p i _ rm^^. Library of Congress w. ^i h/^UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.r\^i i^^ 9—167 ^'^ May 17. 1714 Att a Town Meeting Legally Warned. Voted, In that upon deliberation the Inhabitants de- clined sending a Representative upon the Acc't of their building a Meeting House and the great charges thereof for such a Poor Little Town, We, the Inhabitants, do desire and pray this Hon'd. House would excuse us this year Town Records, Page loi. Books by mr. Bolton. For sale by C. A. W. Spencer, Brookline, Mass., and by their publishers. On the Wooing of Martha Pitkin, being a versified narrative of the time of the regicides in colonial New England. Third Edition. Small 8°, eighteenth century binding, 75 c. Published by Copeland and Day, 69 Cornhill, Boston. An historical romance of early days in Connecticut. The Love -Story of Ursula Wolcott, a tale in verse of the time of the " great revival " in New England, First THOUSAND. Small 4", hand made paper, deckled edges, with illustrations and cover design by Miss Ethel Reed. $1.00. Published by Lam- son, Wolffe & Co., 6 Beacon Street, Boston. Ursula Wolcott was the granddaughter of Martha Pitkin. Saskia the wife oi Rembrandt. Fifteen illustrations from Rembrandt's portraits, and from scenes in Amsterdam. 8°, bound in cloth. I1.50. Published by T.Y. Crowell & Co., 100 Purchase Street, Boston. A picture of the home life of Rembrandt in the quaint Dutch city of Amsterdam during the years when it led the world in discovery, commerce, and art. The librarian's duty as a citizen. Pamphlet. By mail, IOC. What the small town may do for Itself. Pamphlet. By mail, 25 c. Brookline : The history of a favored town. 750 copies printed. Illustrated. ^2.00. Published by C. A. W. Spencer, Harvard Square, Brookline. BROOKLINE ^ THE HISTORY OF A FAVORED TOWN BY CHARLES KNOWLES ^OLTON Librarian of the Public Library ILLUSTRATED .iSl^ 5S^» ®ui non proficit BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS PUBLISHED BY C. A. W. SPENCER 1897 u^ 0638 PREFACE. As an important residence district in one of the oldest, wealthiest, and largest centers of population of the United States, Brookline must always have a certain claim to distinction, much like that of Belgravia in London. As a small town, nearly surrounded by a great municipality, yet maintaining through the loyalty of its citi- zens a corporate existence, Brookline has a further claim to consideration. Never were the affairs of a town, spending nearly a million dollars a year, more quietly nor more ably administered. There has been heretofore no chronological, illustrated history of Brookline in the hands of the people. The present little book has grown from materials collected during the preparation of a paper, which was read before the Hannah Goddard chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the First Parish club, the All Saints Parish club, and the Isaac Gardner chapter of the Daughters of the Revolution, 4 PREFACE. during the winter of 1896-97. It has been thought best not to refer constantly to authori- ties ; but to the works of Rev. John Pierce, Alfred D. Chandler, Esq., Bradford Kingman, Esq., Mr. B. F. Baker, and particularly Miss Harriet F. Woods every student of town history must turn. To these, to the writers of the invaluable essays printed by the Brookline Historical Publication Society, and to Dr. Augustine Shurtleff, Mr. Daniel S. Sanford, Mr. C. A. W. Spencer, Miss Emma G. Cummings, Mr. Regi- nald Heber Howe, Jr., Mr. Hector Hughes, Miss Ellen Chase, Mr. George F. Joyce, and to many others, I make cordial acknowledgment. A dedication has hardly become customary in town histories, and yet I cannot forego the opportunity to associate with these pages the name of Rev. Howard N. Brown, now minister of King's chapel, Boston, but for many years minister of the First Parish, Brookline, and a trustee of the Public Library. C. K. B. CONTENTS. Preface Page 3 List of illustrations 7 "The hamlet of Muddy River" 9 Colonial Brookline 19 Early families 25 The revolution 33 The nineteenth century 50 The civil war 59 Attempts at annexation . . 76 The last quarter of the nineteenth century 83 Brookline in literature and the arts 91 The schools .... III Libraries .... 123 Outlines of church history . 130 Unitarian 130 Baptist .... 133 Congregational 137 Episcopal . ... 141 O CONTENTS. Outlines of church history — conthmed. Catholic 146 Swedenborgian 149 Methodist .... 150 Universalist .... 154 Presbyterian .... 155 Congregational-Unitarian . 156 Police department .... . 158 Fire department .... 160 Geology. By Daniel S. Sanford . 163 Botany. By Miss Emma G. Cummings 169 Birds. By Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. 173 Grantees, 1635 185 Brookline citizens in 1679 189 Founders of the church, 1717 191 Soldiers and sailors in the civil war 193 List of postmasters since 1829 198 List of Public Library trustees 199 Index 201 ILLUSTRATIONS. To face page 1. Home of Peter Aspinwall . . 9 2. Griggs-Downer house . . . 13 3. House of Edward Devotion . . 21 4. John Devotion house ... 25 5. House of Erozomon Drew . . 29 6. House of Lieut. Caleb Craft . . 37 7. John Goddard house . . . 41 8. Gridley-Hulton house ... 45 9. Babcock-Goddard house . . 53 10. Locomotive ^'Brookhne" . . 57 11. Beacon street, before widening . 61 12. Washington-street bridge . . 69 13. Corey-Sears homestead . . 73 14. Portrait of Benjamin F. Baker . J'j 15. Brookhne PubHc Bath ... 85 16. John L. Gardner estate . . 89 17. Portrait of Miss Hannah Adams . 93 18. Portrait of Miss Harriet Y. Woods . lOi « ILLUSTRATIONS. 19. Home of Eliakim Littell 105 20. Home of Dr. S. A. Shurtleff . 109 21. Brookline High School 117 22. Edward Devotion School 121 23>. Public Library 125 24. Portrait of Rev. John Pierce, D. D. 133 25. Map ..... . at end 26. Home of Eben D. Jordan n? 2;. Boylston-Hyslop place . 153 28. Home of Mrs. Edward S. Philbrick 169 29. The Town Hall , 185 BROOKLINE: THE HISTORY OF A FAVORED TOWN. "THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER." November 13, 1705, the date which marks the incorporation of Brookline as a town, stands midway between that time when the Puritans, seekers for religious freedom, first settled the land, and the days which opened the struggle for political independence. From the western shore of the peninsula called '' Boston," that is, from the Common, water stretched for two miles to the westward. Beyond this expanse of water which was hemmed in on the south by the Roxbury shore there arose four wooded hills — at the right, what are now Corey Hill and Babcock Hill, at the left, Aspinwall Hill and Fisher Hill. Between these there were 10 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. valleys sloping down to the marshes which bordered Muddy River. This beautiful wooded country was to the Boston emigrant what Oklahoma has recently been to the western pioneer. It was a land to be had for the asking. In 1635 the Boston authorities granted to Rev. John Cotton, ''our teacher," an allotment sufficient for a farm. It lay about the present Cypress street ; or more definitely, it contained land west of the parkway bounded southerly by the Boston & Albany circuit, and northerly by Brook street and Harvard avenue. The western boundary was at least as distant as Gardner road. Another of the early proprietors was Robert Hull, whose son John, the famous mint-master of Boston, inherited his estate. From John the property passed to his more famous son-in-law, Chief Justice Sewall. This land centered about Beacon street east of Harvard street. In looking over the old records, it seems as if every resident of Boston, who was not possessed ''THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER." II of abnormal modesty, asked for an allotment in what was then called "the hamlet of Muddy River." Nearly one hundred persons quickly received their portion of land, varying in extent according to the numbers which constituted their families. The grants were made more rapidly than the surveyors could lay them out. Notices like this on the records are not infre- quent : — " Our brother Peter Oliver hath granted unto him sixty acres of land at Muddy River, if it be there to be had, of the which there is granted some marsh, if there be any there, always pro- vided that those grants before granted are first served." But as was natural, many had to wait for their property to be surveyed. Thomas Scottow was granted land for three heads in February, 163^, and in December, 1639, we find him petitioning for land for five heads, his family hav- ing increased meantime to that number. Other 12 BROOKLIXE : A FAVORED TOWN. records show that the town officials of Boston often granted more than they meant to, but found it inconvenient to reduce the amount. Among the early names in these records, probably the only ones still to be found repre- sented in this neighborhood are Davis, Griggs, Winchester, and White. A cart bridge was ordered March 4, 1634/5, to be paid for by Boston, Roxbury, Dorchester, Watertown and Cambridge. Brookline was thus a pivotal point. All the traffic going toward the west passed out through Newbury street and Orange street (together a part of the present Washington street, Boston), over Boston Neck (Washington street near Dover street), through Roxbury street, which was then called " the Cambridge road," past the First Church where the apostle Eliot preached, to the present Rox- bury Crossing, thence along the highway now called Tremont street and Huntington avenue, up through what is now the village, and out t ';ir:- I '■^^1 ■/. J * ? / 4 ntt I -^^ i&Ik 1 "THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER. 1 3 Walnut street and Heath street (then together forming the old Sherburne road). The old Sherburne road lay along the southern slope of Fisher Hill. The depression between the northeastern slope and Aspinwall Hill formed the bed of the Village Brook, beside which now run the tracks of the Boston & Albany circuit. Between Aspinwall Hill and Corey Hill the early settlers laid out the road to Brighton and Water- town, the present Washington street ; and be- tween Corey Hill and Babcock Hill they made a road to Cambridge. An early statement in the records that the road to Cambridge, which per- haps represented the modern Harvard street, was to be blazoned through the trees, gives in one word a vivid picture of the woodland that cov- ered the town. These roads had a common starting point which became " the village." Here was built the Punch Bowl Tavern, from which Brookline came to be known as the "Punch Bowl Village." The tavern stood on 14 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. the eastern corner of Pearl and Washington streets. To the original building additions were made from time to time, as traffic through the town increased. During the revolutionary pe- riod and earlier a well managed tavern gave the town in which it stood a more than local reputa- tion, and the traveler's diary usually recorded the name of the inn at which he tarried. The Punch Bowl was famous in western and northern New England until the nineteenth century. Be- neath its overhanging second story a seat invited loiterers. Elm trees and a pump were before the door. But most conspicuous was the tavern sign, upon which were depicted a punch bowl and ladle, shaded by the cooling leaves of a fruitful lemon tree. What proportion of the refreshing draughts came from the juice of the lemon only the departed travelers could tell. The old building was taken down about 1830. In these early days an Indian fort stood on what is now the eastern corner of Beacon and "THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER. 1 5 Powell Streets ; it covered one-eighth of an acre, was surrounded by a ditch about three feet deep, and by a parapet nearly three feet high. Mrs. Lee, in her " Naomi," writes thus of Brookline in 1660: "The town of Roxbury pos- sessed beautiful farms, but beyond that. Brook- line, then called Muddy River, deserved not the appellation of the pleasure-garden of Norfolk, although its wild beauties far surpassed those which the hand of man has given it as a dowry. It was principally used for grazing cattle, for which its meadows and sheltered nooks of rich pasturage were particularly adapted. At this time there were a few houses at what was after- wards known as the Punch-Bowl Village, and a road from thence to Cambridge." Many of the citizens of Boston to whom were made grants of land, did not come to Brookline to live. John Josselyn writes in 1675: "Two miles from the town, in a place called Muddy River, the inhabitants have farms, to which 1 6 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. belong rich, arable grounds and meadows, where they keep their cattle in summer, and bring them to Boston in the winter." From this custom, perhaps, came the name '' Boston Commons," occasionally applied to Muddy River. In 1686 the inhabitants of Muddy River peti- tioned to be allowed to manage their own affairs, and to be exempt from rates to the town of Boston. This was granted, with the provision that they erect a school-house within one year, and provide an able reading and writing master. The people were either unable to pay the rates, the wealthier Boston land owners never having had a residence in the town, or they were beginning to show that independence which has characterized the town ever since, for we soon find them petitioning for greater liberties. These attempts annoyed the Boston authorities, who voted in 1700 that the people of Muddy River should pay their rates for the future. In 1705, however, circumstances ''THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER." ly seem to have favored another appeal. Whether this was due or not to the fact that the town clerk, Samuel Sewall, was not only the son of Chief Justice Sewall, a member of the council at that time, but also the son-in-law of the governor, Joseph Dudley, it cannot with certainty be said ; but the adoption of the name "Brookline" for the territory formerly known as Muddy River, at least implies a compliment to the chief justice. On Monday, June 20, 1687, Judge Sewall writes in his famous diary: "Went to Muddy River with Mr. Gore and Eliot to take a Plot of Brooklin." And on Wednesday, June 22, "Went to Muddy River. Mr. Gore finishes compassing the land with his plain table ; I do it chiefly that I may know my own, it lies in so many nooks and corners." Judge Sewall's farm, called "Brookline," was on the eastern side of what is now Naples road, and had for its boundary Smelt Brook. Part of l8 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. this farm was inherited by a descendant, the wife of E. K. Wolcott, and the Hales map of 1820 has the words ^'Woolcott Farm" close by the line of the brook. Smelt Brook starts at the foot of Corey Hill, near the present Win- chester street, crosses Harvard street, follows in a general way the direction of Naples road, crosses Commonwealth avenue and enters the Charles. As Chief Justice Sewall was a man of influence at the time, and as his farm was called "Brookline," it very likely seemed to the inhab- itants of Muddy River, that the suggestion of "Brookline" for a name for the town was a compliment both to the chief justice and to the governor, which would further their desire for civic independence. COLONIAL BROOKLINE. In the year 1700 there were about fifty families in the town; the number did not increase materially until near the beginning of the next century when the country-house population be- gan to be a feature of Brookline. The original meeting-house, which first stood on the present parsonage grounds of the Unitarian church on Walnut street (opposite Perrin place, now called Maple terrace), was not only the geographical center, but the social center of the town. Near- by the town hall and the school-house were built. The poverty of the town at this time was as conspicuous as its wealth has come to be in these days. It is said that today the yearly revenues and expenditures of Brookline are about double the revenues and expenditures of the State of New Hampshire. In contrast with this, the first 20 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. struggle to build a meeting-house may be of interest. In 1705, when the town was incor- porated, the people were enjoined to build a meeting-house and to obtain an orthodox min- ister in three years. In 1709 Brookline sent a petition to the governor, Joseph Dudley, saying that they wished three years more to settle a minister. On account of the extraordinary province taxes and their contribution toward the support of the ministry in the south end of Roxbury where the people worshipped — ''our most remote ffamily resorting to the new meeting- house " — a petition in November, 1710, for further time was favorably considered. On June 10, 17 1 3, another grant of time was made. Finally, the meeting-house was raised, November 10, 17 14. It contained in all fourteen seats built around the wall ; a flight of stairs on either side led to the gallery for men and the gallery for women. Thirty-nine members constituted the first organization. 2; .= 3 oj COLONIAL BROOKLINE. 21 The Rev. James Allen was ordained the first minister of this, the town's church, Novem- ber 5, 171 8, and preached until his death in February, 1747. His successors to 1850 have been : — 2. Rev. Cotton Brown, ordained October 26, 1748; died April 13, 1751. 3. Rev. Nathaniel Potter, ordained Novem- ber 19, 1755 ; dismissed June 17, 1759. 4. Rev. Joseph Jackson, ordained April 9, 1760 ; died July 22, 1796. 5. Rev. John Pierce, ordained March 15, 1797 ; died August 24, 1849. On Monday, December 6, 1847, the town voted to give to the First Parish a quit-claim deed, releasing in fee simple all the town's right in and to the land on which the meeting-house now stands. The affairs of the First Parish since this date belong more properly to church history. In this deed are the words : '' The town is to covenant that the triangular lot 22 brookline: a favored town. of land lying east of the estate of John E. Thayer shall forever remain open and unencum- bered." So that this, the first village green, and the site of the first town school, and later of the "brick school," still remains open. Returning for a moment to the days of the Rev. James Allen, it was voted in 17 17, the year before his ordination, that the " ministers sallary of ;^8o pounds be raised by an equall and Propor- tionable Rate Levyed on the Inhabitants." And all money contributed by strangers was to go into the town treasury. These were the days when charity began at home. In his sermons Mr. Allen was a careful, me- thodical divine ; he pressed home the truths for which such events as the earthquake of October 29, 1727, and the death of Mr. Samuel Aspinwall in 1732, prepared his listeners. In July, 1743, Mr. Allen wrote a semi-public letter expressing his joy that there were " scores of persons under awakenings " in his parish, as a COLONIAL BROOKLINE. 2$ result of the Whitefield revivals. Some time afterward he grew out of sympathy with the "delusion," as he called it, and said that they were "upon the devil's ground." He spoke harshly of them, and " lived at variance with one of his neighbors almost four years, and declined to make it up with him." Ebenezer Kendrick, Nathaniel Shepard, John Seaver, Jr., Elhanan Winchester, Jr., Richard Seaver, and Dudley Boylston, Jr., withdrew from the church and joined the " New Lights." They held worship in the Shepard house, later known as the Dana house, which stood near the western Public Library gate. Mr. Allen tried to do his duty during these times of unrest, although the worry undermined his health. The above Elhanan Winchester's son, of the same name, was born in 175 1. He began his re- markable career as a preacher in the New Light faith, but changed to the Baptist communion, and finally to Universalism. His reputation 24 brookline: a favored town. grew year by year, as he went from city to city in this country and in Europe. He wrote many hymns, and was a friend of the leading clergy- men of the last half of the i8th century, and also of such men as John Jay, Timothy Pickering and Dr. Benjamin Rush. He died April i8, 1797, loved by many Brookline friends who could not follow his teachings. The Rev. Joseph Jackson, minister of the First Parish during this period, a diffident, re- served man, suffered from the movement in which Mr. Winchester was a leader. Dr. Pierce, his successor, was the first minister of the church to represent the Unitarian spirit, although he never allowed himself to discuss creeds or differences in faith. ^ o 5 5 EARLY FAMILIES. In the early days, among prominent families were the Boylstons, the Goddards, the Aspin- walls, the Devotions, the Winchesters, the Gard- ners, the Sharps, the Davises, and the Whites. Dr. Thomas Boylston and his son, Dr. Zabdiel, of inoculation fame, are associated with the early history of the Henry Lee place on Boylston street, north of the reservoir. Peter Boylston was a grandfather of President John Adams. Memorial Hall at Harvard contains a number of fine portraits of members of the family. The Goddards came from a well-known family in London ; William Goddard settled in Water- town, and was a teacher of Latin there. His great-grandson John, who lived near the pres- ent Goddard avenue, did conspicuous service during the Revolution. A branch of the family in England is now prominent in the church. 26 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. The Aspinwalls, who came from near Liver- pool, and settled about the present Aspinwall avenue, across the brook from the Cotton estate, are like the Goddards, still represented here, and like the Boylstons, have furnished distinguished physicians to the town. The Sharps, who lived on the western side of the present Hansard street, near Auburn, did service in the early Indian wars. Lieutenant John Sharp, of Captain Wadsworth's company, marching in 1676 from Marlboro to Sudbury to attack King Philip, was drawn into an ambush ; after four hours of fighting the company was driven back in confusion by fire started among the dry leaves by the Indians, and both Wads- worth and Sharp were killed. The Brookline branch of the Gardners came from Cambridge at an early date. They were represented in the Revolution by Isaac Gardner, whose death on the 19th of April, fighting against the king's troops, caused so much com- EARLY FAMILIES. 2/ ment in England, and by Colonel Thomas Gardner, of the Cambridge branch, who died from wounds received at Bunker Hill. Isaac Gardner lived on Brighton street, now Chestnut Hill avenue. The Davises of the present day trace descent from Ebenezer Davis of Roxbury, whose son. Deacon Ebenezer, in the latter part of the 17th century, purchased from the Cotton family land on both sides of the present Washington street in the village. Their house stood on the eastern side of Kent street. Robert S. Davis, the Boston bookseller, published Miss Woods' Historical Sketches of Brookline in 1874. Other members of the family were General R Stearns Davis and Hon. Thomas A. Davis, Mayor of Boston. The land about Naples road, now called the Babcock farm, was once owned by John Devotion, a prominent man in the town. His son Edward, who is said to have lived on the farm in summer and in the village in winter, left 28 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. property to the schools. In 1762 it amounted to £739-4^- The Edward Devotion School, which stands on the farm, is a worthy memorial of his public spirit. Descendants of other names are still living. The Griggs family comes from Joseph Griggs of Roxbury, who married, in 1653, Mary, daugh- ter of Griffin Craft, whose family also became associated with the town. A son, Ichabod, a man of wealth and influence, was the father of Samuel Griggs, who acquired Captain John Winchester's place on Harvard street, beyond Beacon street. William Hyslop, a poor Scotch peddler, came to America some years before the Revolution, and having amassed a fortune purchased the Boylston place on Fisher Hill. His daughter married Governor Increase Sumner. A son, David, who inherited the place, was very peculiar. He disliked music and called anthems "tan- trums ; " come was pronounced "tum," and study "._ .--Ha"- -'si ^ rt t ^ EARLY FAMILIES. 29 was always *'tucldy." In 1821 he gave a grand dinner party for President John Adams, who, although aged and feeble, had expressed a desire to see once more the house in which his mother was born. Robert Harris, an early settler near the Roxbury line, in '' Putterham," the southwestern corner of the town, was the great great grand- father of Rev. William Harris, D.D., president of Columbia College, N. Y., 1811-1829. James and Elinor Clark lived in a house near the eastern corner of the present Harvard street and Harvard avenue, and owned the surround- ing land. Their grandson. Deacon Samuel, built the first meeting-house on the old Sherburne road, and also the Clark house at the corner of Walnut and Chestnut streets. He owned the garrison house in the rear. Miss Sarah and Miss Susan Clark of the present generation gave many interesting old manuscripts to the Public Library. 30 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Captain Timothy Corey of Weston married Elizabeth Griggs of Brookline and came here to live just before the Revolution, in which he took part. His sons, Elijah and Timothy, were interested in the revivals of the time, and became deacons in the Baptist church. The family is still represented here. The Winchesters, famous in Brookline religious annals and even in the greater world without, were of Welsh origin, like the Davises. John Winchester, first representative from Brookline to the general court, lived on land stretching from the Cambridge road, now Harvard street, to the top of Corey Hill. His son. Captain John, and grandson Isaac, held the property until it passed into the Griggs family. Elhanan Winchester has been referred to elsewhere in these pages. The Whites came from John White of Water- town and Brookline, an early and prosperous settler whose will is still preserved in the Public EARLY FAMILIES. 3 1 Library with many other documents relating to the family. He lived in the village. His^son, ^a^x/7^ Major Edward White, or Whyte, lived first in a house between Boylston and Washington streets, near their junction, and later on Washington street. He was a wealthy man. Joseph White, brother of Major Edward, lived on the north- eastern corner of Chestnut Hill avenue and Boylston street, before the Ackers family came into possession. Joseph's granddaughter Ann married Henry Sewall, father of Samuel the Tory, and her sister Susanna married Ebenezer Craft, who built the Craft house now standing on the northerly side of Huntington avenue, across the line, with 1709 on the chimney. The Ackers family, once the leaders in Brook- line's rural society, have gone elsewhere. Their farm, about the present Ackers avenue, was once an Indian burying ground. Among other families were the Buckmin- sters (mentioned elsewhere), the Druces, the 32 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Davenports, the Heaths, prominent in and since the Revolution, the Kendricks, the Perkinses, and the Cabots ; somewhat later, sturdy Deacon Robinson, the Seavers, from whom came Mayor Seaver of Boston, the Sewalls, the Thayers and the Withingtons. Before touching upon Brookline's part in the events of the Revolution, the following paragraph from the will of Robert Sharp, dated in 1763, may be of interest as a suggestion of the rural life which prevailed on the eve of the great struggle. It reads : — " I also give her [my wife] one half of my 'Poultrey, and honey Bees. ... I also give her two Cows. ... I also Give her Twelve Bushell of Indian Corn and Six Bushell of Rie a year Annually so long as She Remains my Widow, And also ten Score of well Fed Pork, and Twelve Score of Good Beef a year Annually And her Firewood at the Door, and so much of the fruit of my Orchard as she wants for her own Use, and six Barrels of Cyder a year Annu- ally. ... I Further Give her four Bushell of malt a Year Annually. ..." THE REVOLUTION. To sketch in a rapid way the history of Brook- line from the first signs of discontent to the adoption of the constitution, is not an easy task. In December, 1772, the town chose a com- mittee to take under consideration the violations and infringements of the rights of the colonists. On the 28th they voted : — "That the Rights of the Colonists, and this Province in particular, as men, as Chrystians & as Subjects, as Set forth in the Votes & Pro- ceedings of the Town of Boston, are in the Opinion of this Town well Stated." The next month the people went a step further in saying that " this town think themselves happy in being always ready to add their mite to wards withstanding any arbitrary despotick measures that are or may be carried on to overthrow 34 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. the Constitution and deprive us of all our invaluable rights and priviledges, which are & ought to be as dear or dearer then life itselfe." In November, 1773, the town voted that they were ready to afford all the assistance in their power to the town of Boston, and would heartily unite with them and the other towns " to oppose and frustrate this most detestable and dangerous tea scheem." The temper of the people became rapidly hostile to every act of authority exercised by the British crown. In September, 1774, they were bold enough to appoint a committee to examine into the state of the town as to its military preparations for war " in case of a suden attack from our enemies." Upon this com- mittee were John Goddard and Captain Benjamin White, who, with Colonel Thomas Aspinwall and Isaac Gardner, Esq., led the movement which was rapidly drifting toward open rebellion. In the month following the town voted unani- THE REVOLUTION. 35 mously to approve the measures adopted by the continental congress. As early as January, 1775, a resort to arms seemed inevitable. John Goddard was busy bringing together military stores under the direction of the committee for supplies. March 8, 1775, according to his note-book, he was carting beef from Boston to Concord. On the 1 8th he carted two hogsheads of flints and other articles from Boston to Brookline. On the 22d he conveyed sheet lead and three barrels of linen to Concord. On the 24th he carted two casks of leaden balls. On April loth he carted two ox-cart and two horse-cart loads of canteens to Concord. For some time powder had been concealed at his house near the present Goddard avenue. This was conveyed to Concord, and with the other stores was the cause of the mid- night march of Lieutenant-Colonel Smith which brought on the battle of Lexington. Smith had landed at Cambridge, reached Concord, and 36 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. was retreating when Lord Percy marched to his relief. Word came to Brookline that Lord Percy was coming, and the frightened people gathered together what valuables they could and fled to the upper part of the town. When Lord Percy's one thousand men marched through the village and out Harvard street past Coolidge Corner, he found few of the inhabitants to meet him. The story will always live in Brookline, whether it be true or not, of the small boy who was asked by Lord Percy to point the way to Lexington. His reply was, " You inquire the way there, but I will be damned if you ever need to know the way back." The first awe which seems to have followed the march of the king's soldiers through the town soon gave place to a desire to fight. By noon almost all of the able-bodied men of the town were gathered on the village green before the meeting-house. From this point, at the corner of Warren and Walnut streets, three r-, -^ >^ Oj ? E -1- ;^ p: _• /< > ^ 2 '— >, "t: s r-' j:; J -^ '-M 3 ^x 0) "-• cii tr' -T/: xf :^ /. t: •— _; ■r o; . :r; iH^ THE REVOLUTION. 37 companies, headed by Captain Thomas White, Colonel Thomas Aspinwall, and Isaac Gardner, Esq., set forth across the fields "as the crow- flies " toward Lexington. At half-past two Colonel Smith's exhausted men had been received within a hollow square formed by Lord Percy's reinforcements. At six o'clock the combined forces of the regulars reached Jacob Watson's house near Spruce street, North Cambridge. Here the Brookline volunteers met the British. Isaac Gardner and four or five others posted themselves behind some dry casks near the road. As they waited for Lord Percy to come by on his retreat tow^ard Boston, the enemy's flank guard came behind them and killed every one of them on the spot. Mr. Gardner's body was pierced by balls and bayonets in twelve places. He was the only patriot killed that day who had received a degree from Harvard College. Dr. Aspinw^all, Colonel Aspinwall's brother, calling the Brookline men to follow him, joined 38 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. in the pursuit of the enemy until at dusk they reached the neighborhood of Charlestown. The doctor was blind in one eye, but was an excel- lent shot. His friends were not as skillful, for during the running fight that afternoon he was accustomed to place himself on the side of the tree nearest the enemy, preferring to trust to their poor aim rather than to remain too near his excited townsmen. Dr. Downer, another Brookline volunteer, who did good service in later years as an army surgeon, was active on the 19th of April. While passing a house that afternoon, two British sol- diers ran toward him ; at that moment one man was shot in the back, while the other exchanged shots with Dr. Downer ; although very close to each other they both missed, and the doctor, exasperated, rushed upon the redcoat with his gun and killed him. Isaac Gardner's body was brought back and buried very quietly the next night. His death THE REVOLUTION. 39 caused a bitter but rather amusing controversy in the English press between those who would not believe that His Majesty's Justice of the Peace could have been killed fighting against the crown, and those who, believing the true reports, foresaw the seriousness of the conflict which Great Britain was forcing upon the colonies. The following communication to the Gazetteer and Nciv Daily Advertiser of July 4, 1775, copied by Miss Ellen Chase from files in the British Museum, has a spice of the times : — " Isaac Gardner, one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace, was not killed as he ^^2^$. peaceably riding along, but was killed in the very act of attacking the King's troops. " The rebels in their own accounts, confess this, and confute Mr. Potatoe Head's falsehoods. Their account, dated the 24th of April, says that Isaac Gardner took 9 prisoners, that 12 soldiers deserted to him, and that his ambush proved fatal to Lord Percy and another general officer, who were killed the first fire. This is a clear refutation of Mr. Potatoe Head's lying paragraph, '• Mr. Potatoe Head must therefore be, to use one of his own polite epithets, ' a most audacious scoundrel ' to impose the fictio7is of his own Sodden Head on the public for authentic intelligence from America. "July I. POLITICUS." 40 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. During the siege of Boston, Brookline could not well help taking an active interest in the conflict. John Goddard, as early as the 22d of May, began to be constantly in the service of the province; first, carting stores to the differ- ent fortifications which surrounded Boston, and later as far as the Hudson River. At Sewall's Point, which was on the north-eastern corner of the present Commonwealth avenue extension and Essex street, a fortification was built, mount- ing six guns, to command the Charles. Washing- ton once visited it. On the land in this vicinity, now the Lawrence estate, Colonel Prescott, for a time, had his headquarters, and Colonel Gerrish's regiment and a detachment of the Connecticut troops were stationed. Their barracks were afterward used as hospitals for the sol-diers, much to the annoyance of the people. Mr. Goddard, Colonel Aspinwall, Captain Corey, Dr. Downer and others of the town's people did loyal service in New England, while Colonel James THE REVOLUTION. 4I Wesson, the highest officer from Brookline during the war, was doing gallant service in New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. At the battle of Monmouth Court-house in 1778, Colonel Wesson, then in command of the 9th Massachusetts regiment, was in the thickest of the fight. Lying close upon his horse's neck to look under the cannon smoke, he was struck by a ball which tore away his clothing and the muscles of his back. He recovered sufficiently to serve three years longer. In 1784 he moved to Marlboro' and became a prosperous farmer. But there was always in Brookline a small minority opposed to the patriot cause. A man named Jackson lived near the present Public Library building on Washington street. His house was used as barracks by the American troops, and as a loyal subject of the king, he preferred to sell his property and move away. Another loyalist was Henry Hulton, manda- mus counsellor for the British government. He 42 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. moved to Boston and the rents of his estate, a portion of which is now the Moses Williams place, were collected by the town until the property was confiscated and sold. The report of a committee, "to the whole court," dated July 2, 1776, ''respecting the real & personal estates of those parsons who have fled from us," states: "Wee have taken into our care the farm lately belonging to Henry Hulton, Esq., & have let out for one year to the Rev'd Mr. Jackson & John Coborn of said town, they paying therefore twenty four pounds lawfull money rent," In the list made of his personal estate are: "one suit of curtains, one settee, one matrass bed, two hats, one feather, one sword, two pictures, one chest with about one dazon of glas bottles, one house bell, 11 chana plates, two maps, som sheat led, i small bag of brass scruse." The original house was built about 1740 by Nathaniel Gardner, and was owned later by Deacon Ben- jamin White, and then by Jeremy Gridley, Esq., THE REVOLUTION. 43 the distinguished lawyer. Gridley took an ac- tive interest in Brookline affairs until the time of his death in 1767. This house, sometimes called the Sumner or Chapin house from more recent owners, was taken down by Mr. Williams in 1885. Samuel Sewall, although not a resident of Brookline, owned property in the town. He was proscribed as a refugee and sailed for England. Governor Barnard's estate and his pew in the meeting house were, in 1779, ordered sold. But royalists were not the only ones who suffered inconvenience during the war. Major Thompson in a petition to the general court states that on December 14, 1775, Captain King came with an insolent written order to quarter his company in the major's house on the Watertown road. The major protested and stood his ground until the doors were battered in. Most of the people, however, while the enemy were at their doors were warlike enough, 44 brookline: a favored town. although their inclmations were naturally agri- cultural rather than military. In the town records, a vote relating to boun- ties given by the town to soldiers, stands side by side with the petition of the singing society that they may be allowed to form certain seats in the front gallery of the meeting house into a pew for their better condition. The following account of farming a place in Roxbury by Robert Sharp and his brother, shows how evenly the farm life continued during 1778:- April 22d 1778 my Brother and I agreed to take mothers Place in Roxbury into our hand, — 23d my Brother went over to Roxbury to work with three hands and two teams, I worked with one hand and team. 24th my Brother worked with one hand and Team. 27th my brother Sent one hand and Team. I went with one hand and Sowed five Bushels of Barley and about two quarts of hayseed, my Brother found the Barley and hayseed. may i6th my Brother sent a hand and Team, I went my Self, we Poled the wall and mended fence. THE REVOLUTION. 45 25th my Brother and I went over in the morning, mended fence. June ist Each of us turned two Cows into the Pasture. 9th I went over in the after noon with my Brothers hand and Team. Sowed half a Bushel of Flax Seed which I gave two Dollars for the Flax Seed. July 20th we went to mowing Robert three hands in the fore noon two in the afternoon I one hand all day. Robert found a leg of bacon and Sauce. I found two gallons of Cyder, one Gallon of rum, cheese &c. 2 it Robert had five hands a mowing all day, two hand rakeing in the afternoon I had one hand mowing, Robert found two quarts of rum a quarter mutton Sauce &c. I found pork &c. 22d I Stayed with four of Roberts hands and one of my own and raked till towards night, 24th. I went with Thomas and aaron in the after noon and raked meadowhay. 25th Robert went with a team and four hands. I with a team and two hands we Carted hay into the barn. I found a small quarter of lamb Cheese etc. 29th Robert went with a team and two hands I with a team and one hand we mowed and Carted home the Barley. I found a gallon rum Cheese &c. August 25 I went with my team thomas & Aaron pul'd the Flax brouht it to Jamaca pond. With the return to agriculture which followed the transfer of the seat of war to New York 46 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. came an aversion to joining the continentals. In 1779 a committee was appointed to hire the number of men which the town was called upon to raise to reinforce the continental army. After several discouraging attempts to get volunteers, the town voted, July 13, 1780: — "That Capt. White be desired to Issue his Warrant to warn the Training Band and alarm list to meet to Morrow afternoon at five a Clock in this place in order to raise the Remainder of the Town's Quota of Men by draft if they cannot be Raised any other way be fore that time; and that Notice be given that such persons as shall not attend the meeting, be the first Drafted." At the next meeting it was voted that Doctor Aspinwall and Deacon Gardner "go around among the people in the present meeting to see who will advance money for the purpose of hiring men," and "to go around among the people present to see if any incline to ingage to serve as soldiers for the town." THE REVOLUTION. 47 The regular committee refused to serve, and a new committee was appointed with instruc- tions not to give more than ;^i5oo per man for the militia, which were called for three months. There can be no doubt that the people present were slow to ^'ingage to serve as soldiers for the town." As there are in the Public Library many receipts for fine-money received from prominent citizens who refused to join the army when drafted, the form of these may still be of interest : — Brookline, Deer, ye 9th 1776. Reed of Mr. Caleb Craft the Sum of Ten Pounds Lawfull money in full for his fine he Refuseing to go a Solder when Draughted by the Town. Reced by me Thos. Aspinwall. Miss Mary Boylston in 1780 hoped to awaken some enthusiasm by her offer of three silver dollars, given "for the encouragement of such men as shall ingage to serve as soldiers." It would perhaps be unkind to mention that she failed to pay her taxes that very year. 48 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. In January, 1 781, it was voted "that every inhabitant be authorized to hire any soldiers to serve for three years, or during the war for this town's quota for the continental army — and that every inhabitant that shall procure a man shall be allowed four dollars for his trouble." Still later, in July, the town was divided into eight classes in order to procure eight men to go to Rhode Island and West Point. Each class was obliged to procure one man and pay him. Any class that failed to fulfill this obliga- tion was to pay the highest price given for any of the men. The following receipt relates to this period : — Brookline August 2ist 1782. Reed of Robert Sharp by the hand of Col. Wesson, Eight Pounds 2/ in full for his part for hiring a Soldier for three years, for the fourth Class in the Town of Brookline. 8:5: 9f Daniel White. The calls for troops ceased toward the end of the war, and the patriotism which may have been dampened by the frequent demands for THE REVOLUTION. 49 reinforcements, grew brighter. In September, 1782, came the last call for men. The war was soon ended, and the farmers were no longer interrupted in their agricultural pursuits. Soon after this, the wealthier people of Boston began to look toward Brookline, with its beautiful woodlands, as a desirable place for country homes. This movement in the last one hundred years has changed the town from a community too poor to send a representative, to one so wealthy that it is in danger of becoming a prey to its avaricious neighbors. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The population of Brookline in 1700 was prob- ably not far from 300. In 1800 it had risen to 605. Forty years later, there were 1265 people in the town. Fifty-five years from that time the town had 15,000 people, with an estimated annual increase of over 1000 people. The chief event at the opening of the nineteenth century was the dedication of a new meeting house, June II, 1806. Then, and for many years after, this was the town's property, and Dr. Pierce was the spiritual leader of all the people. The next day began the demolition of the little church where the fathers had worshipped since 171 7. On the site of this second church now stands the Unita- rian church erected in 1893. On the other side of Walnut street, at the bend, the house once owned by Henry Hulton remained until 1885. Before Mr. Hulton came to Brookline to live, THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 5 1 the house was occupied by Jeremy Gridley, Esq., attorney general for the king, and some- times called '' the Webster of his time." In the famous trial before Chief Justice Hutchinson, when James Otis attempted to show that the writs of assistance were unconstitutional, Mr. Gridley upheld the Crown. During a speech of four hours in length, called by Adams the '' birth of liberty," Otis treated Gridley with marked respect and courtesy. Another famous character in Brookline history, at a little later time, was Miss Hannah Adams, the first woman in America who made literature a profession. She was the author of a History of the Jews, a History of New England, Letters on the Gospels, a View of Religious Opinions, etc. Dr. Pierce says of her : '' She was as notorious for ignorance of common household concerns, and indeed of common things in general, as she was celebrated for book-learning, and eminent for piety." 52 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. During the same period, the Hon, George Cabot, United States senator, and secretary of the navy under Adams, came to Brookhne, and also Hon. Jonathan Mason, United States senator. Brookline, like all New England, took little interest in the war of 1812, except in self-defence. Mr. A. W. Goddard remembers seeing from Goddard Heights the Chesapeake sail down Boston harbor, June i, 181 3, to fight the Shannon. In the autumn of 18 14, fearing the arrival of a British fleet, the militia poured into Boston to man the forts in the harbor. At this time a number of citizens organized a company of about fifty men to serve in case of invasion. The officers were General Isaac S. Gardner, captain ; Major John Robinson, lieutenant ; and Joseph Goddard, ensign. Many of the people volunteered in November to work in the forti- fications then being thrown up on the heights of South Boston, and on Noddle's Island. Later a company was organized for service at Fort Inde- THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 53 pendence, with Timothy Corey, captain, Robert S. Davis, lieutenant, and Thomas Griggs, ensign. The citizens raised a contribution to be divided among them. During the splendid defence of Fort Erie, near Buffalo, August 15, 18 14, where General Drummond after a brave assault was driven back, the right was held by General Scott's brigade commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel Thomas Aspinwall of Brookline. In an attack on the British lines, September 17, Aspin- wall lost his left arm while directing his men within twenty paces of the enemy's defences. An event in the social history of the town may be chronicled here. The Marquis de Lafayette while visiting the United States dined with Colonel T. H. Perkins June 20, 1825. Upon taking leave of his host the marquis rode along Heath street, which was lined by spectators. He stopped before the home of Ebenezer Heath, and shook hands with every young lady present. Miss Elizabeth P. Peabody, then a girl of twenty-one. 54 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. mounted the steps of the carriage and kissed his hand. For many years Miss Peabody always appeared at tea time on the anniversary of this day to celebrate the event in the company of the Misses Anne and Susan Heath. In 1806-7 the present Boylston street, from the village over Bradley's Hill to the Reservoir, and from Heath street westward, was built. As a turnpike road to Worcester, it went over hill and through dale, regardless of the comfort of teamsters. It seems to have had no more effect upon the development of Brookline than did the old route through Walnut street and Heath street, for the large estates on Heath, Warren, Clyde and Boylston streets have never been invaded by the allotment promoter. At first the mill-dam from " Charles street in Boston across the bay and over Brookline marshes to Sewall's point," built in 1821, had little influence on the town, for the toll of 6% cents hindered travel. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 55 The laying out of Beacon street and the con- struction of a branch railroad into the town — perhaps the two greatest events in Brookline history during the first half of this century — were bitterly opposed. The Boston and Worcester railroad had been opened as far as Newton in 1834. In 1846 a committee was instructed to assist counsel "at every stage of the business in and out of the legislature to show the ruinous consequence" of allowing a railroad to pass through the village. On the 8th of April, 1848, the Brookline branch railroad was opened to the public. " S. A. W." in the Boston Daily Journal, Wednes- day, April 1 2th, writes : — " Never shone the sun more effulgent, never did the countenances of the inhabitants of Brookline bespeak more joy, than on the day appointed for the opening of the grand project of Railroad communication with the city. On Saturday last, by the liberality of the Directors of the Boston and Worcester Railroad, more than 2000 persons, mostly inhabitants of Brookline and vicinity, passed over this delightful avenue, and notwithstanding 56 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN, there were fourteen trains that passed to and from the city during the day, not the slightest accident occurred. " At the appointed time, the long train of cars drawn by the ' Iron Horse,' decked with the American ensign, was signalized from the bend at the entrance to the town, and was welcomed at the depot, amid the thunder- ing of cannon and the ringing of bells, while the long continued and deafening cheers of the multitude bespoke the grateful prompting of their hearts." Regular trains began to run April loth. The first time-table in the Boston papers reads : — BOSTON AND WORCESTER RAILROAD. BROOKLINE SPECIAL TRAINS. Leave Brookline at 8, 9 and 11 a.m., 2, 3^, 6 and 7^ p.m. Leave Boston at 8i and 10 A. m., 12^, 2^, 4^, 7 and 9^ p. M. All baggage at the risk of its owner. Fares are less when paid at the ticket offices than when paid in the cars. Boston, April 5, 1848. Wm. Parker, Sup't, In 1849 "after a protracted discussion" a vote was passed '*by a very large majority " to appoint a committee to oppose the construction of a public road ''from the northern end of the Mill- Dam road westerly through this town to Brighton line" by "every lawful and proper means, and employ counsel if they deem it necessary." — o ■:: rt < rr ^ 5 ct ^ I^ ^Ix ^ • .^^ z^ i; o; u c 5i-s x; > O bc"^D 2 ^ l-^j; — .cr hS^- 1^ u - ^ != ,• Q |l§| :^ 5 li|^ — >■ Sc.°- i^ rt cT^^- i: £ = a; f^ S 'Z T=-= C~ o ^^ z 3 0) ^lif o X 1^°-^ H _o ^^cn S W c Oj^r^j H > .> ^js'sl H O o 'fci 3 aJ o ^ - r- ^ tA u ■qh 3 S 0^ c o H a 2 C/] 3 >-c-^- 3:i c-^ =^ CU E Ml m THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 57 The section of this road west of Washington street was laid out in 1850, and the connection with the mill-dam in 185 1, the two parts form- ing Beacon street. In iSS6-y this road was made into a parkway, 160 to 180 feet in width. Of the entire cost, $615,000, the town paid 1^465,000. In six years the land and buildings for five hundred feet on either side in Brookline increased in assessed values $4,330,400, or more than 500 per cent. The Telford macadam construction is used in the road-bed, and costs, including watering and the cutting of the grass, about $6,000 a year to maintain. The special provision for street cars on the Beacon street boulevard offered an opportunity to introduce rapid transit by electric cars. Electricity had been tried in the South in an almost primitive way, and success in Brookline after repeated and costly experiments, developed the first successful electric street railway in the world. 58 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. The leading spirit in this movement was Mr. Henry M. Whitney, at about that time president of the West End Land Company, and of the West End Street Railway. Mr. Whitney is a son of the late General Whitney of the town, and a brother of the Hon. William C. Whitney of New York, ex-secretary of the navy. An active friend of the measure was the Hon. William Aspinwall, a leader in the town meet- ings of Brookline for half a century, town clerk, selectman, assessor, state representative and senator, and trustee of the Public Library until his death in 1892. Mr. Aspinwall was a whig and later a democrat. He always had a substantial following in spite of his very forcible way of putting things. A horse car line, running from each end of School street through the village by the ancient route of travel to Roxbury Crossing, was opened about 1858. Later, tracks were laid through Longwood avenue to Coolidge Corner. THE CIVIL WAR. The civil war awakened a very different spirit in Brookline from that aroused by the war of 1812. The bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 12, 1 86 1, and the attack upon a Massa- chusetts regiment in the streets of Baltimore April 19th, made the war seem unavoidable. While the preservation of the Union was the first rallying cry, long years of slave hunting in Boston and of slave harboring in Brookline, especially at the Philbrick house on Walnut street, then a station on the " underground rail- way," had developed an uncompromising attitude toward this distinguishing institution of the South. At a meeting held in Brookline April 20, 1861, the presiding officer, John Howe, offered to transfer a land-warrant received for services in the war of 18 12 to the family who first lost a husband or father in the struggle. Subscription 60 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. lists were opened and George B. Blake offered ^1000. At the same meeting Wilder Dwight suggested the organization of one or more com- panies. On the 22d, the following citizens were chosen to serve the town as a military com- mittee for one year : Moses B. Williams, chair- man, James A. Dupee, Marshall Stearns, William K. Melcher, Nathaniel Lyford, Thomas B. Hall, Thomas Parsons, William Aspinwall, James Murray Howe and Edward A. Wild. During the two years in which this committee served. Dr. Hall resigned, and James Bartlett took Mr. Wild's place. Thereafter the select- men carried on the work. The first soldier to enlist, April 23d, was William D. Goddard, a grandson of William Dawes, the revolutionary patriot. On the 28th of April, Simon Cameron, secretary of war, authorized Wilder Dwight of Brookline and George L. Andrews to raise a regiment in Massachusetts for service during the war. Mr. W 'X - :5 x THE CIVIL WAR. 6 1 Dwight became major of the 2d regiment of infantry in May. His enthusiasm, untiring energy and ability, promised a distinguished career. In the regiment's first action he was captured, and after being exchanged returned to his post. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Antietam and lay all night under the fire of both armies. His death occurred a few days later in a house near the battlefield. A fine portrait of Major Dwight by Eastman Johnson hangs in the Public Library. The town hired a hall in the Guild block at the corner of Boylston and Washington streets, and recruiting and drilling began. In May Edward A. Wild received a commission as cap- tain of a new company, with William L. Candler and Charles L. Chandler as lieutenants, and on May 25, 1861, Colonel Harrington of Brookline mustered them into the United States service as Company A of the ist Massachusetts volunteer infantry. 62 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Captain (later Brigadier General) Wild was born in Brookline, November 25, 1825, the son of Dr. Charles Wild. After graduating at Har- vard and the Jefferson Medical College of Phila- delphia he began to practice. While traveling in Europe some time after this he took too much interest in Garibaldi's campaign and was arrested. In 1855 he was married, and at once set out for Turkey, where his services as surgeon were accepted for the Crimean war. General Wild served through the civil war, was mustered out January 15, 1866, and died at Medellin, Colombia, August 28, 1 891. Lieutenant Candler was the son of Captain John Candler of the navy, and a brother of the Hon. John W. Candler of Brookline, at one time a member of congress. He rose rapidly during the war, and at its close engaged in mining until his death in 1893. Lieutenant Chandler was the son of Theo- philus P. Chandler of Brookline, and a brother THE CIVIL WAR. 63 of Alfred D. Chandler, Esq. ; their sister married Lieutenant Candler in 1862. March 6, 1864, Chandler was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 57th regiment, which he commanded at the battle of the Wilderness, and until his death, May 24, 1864, from wounds received at North Anna River. On the 15th of June the ist regiment, of which Company A formed a part, started for the front, the first three years' regiment to reach Washington. The town had provided gener- ously for the company, and the women had made clothing for each man's comfort. Among the volunteers was Herbert Barlow of Brookline, ■a kinsman of General Francis Barlow. His letters, with one by General Wild, throw a glow of life into the events of the first year's service of the company. They are the letters of one hardly more than a boy, and their unaffected language gives a picture not to be found in any official records. The first letter dated at Wash- 64 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. ington, June i8, 1861, tells how he "walked over to Cambridge and got there just in time to catch the horse-cars, getting to the camp about seven o'clock." In the course of the forenoon they had their haversacks, canteens, etc., given to them, together with four days' rations of hard bread and ham. In the afternoon they marched to Boston, took the train to Groton and went by boat to Jersey City. They marched through Baltimore "with fixed bayonets and loaded muskets," and in course of time arrived at their quarters in Pennsylvania avenue in Washing- ton, "gloriously tired and hungry." In the second letter he relates : " I was walking up and down my beat, thinking of home, when I saw two horsemen coming out of the camp. Down came my gun to the charge, and stopped them with ' Who goes there ? ' They answered ' Grand round,' and after giving the countersign, which was 'Maine,' passed on. A few minutes after another man came up who proved to be the THE CIVIL WAR. 6$ colonel, and said : ' I am glad you stopped those fellows. I wouldn't have had them get by you without being challenged for a good deal' " A short note written in pencil and dated " In the woods near Centreville, Va., July 19, 1 86 1," begins " Dear Mother : We had a pretty hard fight yesterday, near Manassas Junction, our company being in the thickest of the fire. Had to retreat, as the enemy was too strong for us. We are however marching forward again today, and shall probably have hot work before night." With what anxiety must a mother have awaited news after such a letter ! The next letter is dated " Camp Banks, July 23d, 1861." After describing the march to Bull Run where they met the enemy, he con- tinues : — " We formed in a deep gully and marched steadily up the hill, on the top of which the enemy were posted in large numbers ; after one or two fires we were compelled to retreat, but formed again in the gully, and deployed as skirmishers. Then each man had to look out for himself 66 BROOKL[NE : A FAVORED TOWN. and I went dodging along behind the trees, close beside Captain Adams. While I stood near him a rifle ball struck a tree between us. knocking off a piece of bark which hit him in the eye, blacking it all round. Our forces had posted two pieces of artillery on the edge of the woods to support us, but the rebels kept up such a fire that they retreated, leaving one gun behind them. Our captain called up a lot of us boys and ordered us to fire into the woods over the cannon, which we did till the gunners came back and hitching on their horses retreated in safety. The fire of the rebels in the meanwhile was so galling that we again retreated to the gully. Lieuten- ant-Colonel Wells then asked for volunteers to go up and bring down the wounded, when our whole company said they would go, but the moment we showed our heads over the hill, the enemy poured in volley after volley upon us till the officers said it was madness to go further, so we retreated from the woods covered by the 2d Michigans. Then we went over the hill behind our artillery, which kept up a fire until nearly dark, when the whole brigade retreated about a mile, when we laid on our guns all night. The next morning I sent a bit of a note to you by a gentleman who was going to Boston, which I sup- pose you got. We stayed in the woods until Sunday, when we had another battle, our regiment having the post of honor, which was covering the artillery. We had no fighting, however and were the last to leave the field. The division on the right of us had a terrible fight and was cut all to pieces. The N. Y. Fire Zouaves have only four hundred left, and the Massachusetts Fifth lost so THE CIVIL WAR. dj many that they could not march over their dead. We had an hours sleep and then commenced our retreat, marching nearly forty miles from twelve o'clock Sunday night to yesterday afternoon, about 14 hours. When we got to Camp Banks we were almost dead with fatigue and wet through with rain. Some hundred or two men fell down with fatigue on the road, and have not yet got into camp. Will Conway is well. The exact number of killed and wounded I don't know, but you will probably see it in the papers. It is reported that we march to Arlington Heights this afternoon, but I don't know how true it is. On our retreat we had nothing to eat, our last rations having been dealt out Sunday morning; so when we got into camp last night the coffee and bread the sick ones had ready for us, disappeared like magic. " Love to Anna. Herbert." The next letter is dated at Arlington, Va., July 25, 1861. '•'■Dear Mother : — Yesterday that box of yours arrived in safety, after laying in the express office in Georgetown nearly a week. You know it got there just after I left 'for the war.' " In my last letter I was too tired to write much of an account about our fights, though I did write something about the first one, which took place last Thursday. On Sunday we had another one, but our regiment was posted in the woods to support the artillery, and so could not see much. It appears, however, that the division on our 68 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. right was badly whipped, for we retreated all night, marching over thirty-five miles in fourteen hours, and when you recollect that we have big heavy shoes on our feet, a gun on our shoulder, two blankets (rubber and woolen) on our back, together with a haversack and canteen, you will see that is anything but play. All along the road we saw wagons tipped over and aban- doned, which was a perfect godsend to us poor fellows, for we had had no rations delivered to us since Saturday morning, and in the wagons were plenty of good crackers, which you may be sure we pitched into with a will. " Captain Wild is now as popular among us as he was unpopular before, he having behaved like a brick all through the fight, handhng a musket and fighting like a tiger. " It is all very well for anyone in Massachusetts to run down our colonel while we are away, but after the ' gallant first ' gets home, whoever speaks against him will be in danger of being knocked down. Anyone who doubts his bravery should have seen him when the cannons were playing upon us, and they would change their minds. " You ask me ' if I don't wish I was at home again.' That I do ! I've had enough of soldiering, and would give ' all my boots and shoes ' for an honorable discharge. Not that I care for the fighting, but the marches I can't stand. " This afternoon we march to Fort Albany, about two miles from here, nearer Washington, where we shall probably stay awhile. THE CIVIL WAR. 69 " I wish you would make two or three strips of tape H. S. Barlow, Co, F, First Regiment Mass. Volunteers, and send them in your next letter. All the letters which had come to Camp Banks while we were away, were sent to us to Bull's Run, and were brought up to us while we were in the woods during the progress of the fight on Sunday. You would have been amused to have seen us fellows standing and laying around with our guns at our sides, reading a word or two, and then looking across the field to see if the enemy were making any movement; the cannons thundering away and the air full of smoke. " We didn't any of us know but what it might be the last time we should ever hear from home, and, therefore, devoured every word. " Cliff thanks Tom for his present. Herbert, " Direct as usual. H. W. B." In a letter from Camp Union, October lO, 1 86 1, he describes the rebel flag taken some days before: "The stars are five pointed, nine in number, arranged in a circle of eight with one in the center." A few words at the end of a letter from Budd's Ferry, dated Nov. 15, 1861, show the solicitude that many mothers must have felt at the 70 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. announcements from time to time in the daily papers, of soldiers shot for falling asleep while on picket duty. General Wild in a letter dated at Camp Hooker, Budd's Ferry, Nov. 26, 1861, sent to the war committee a grateful acknowledgment of shirts, stockings, mittens, etc., made by the ladies of the First Parish. He then told how on November 14, 1861, a schooner attempted to pass up the Potomac, but was becalmed within range of the rebel batteries. The crew, who had been under constant fire for most of the fore- noon, abandoned her, and the rebels soon rowed a boat out and went on board. Lieutenant Candler, who was watching the enemy, sent a messenger on horseback three miles down the shore to the camp. Captain Wild, officer of the day, at once ordered Company A under Lieuten- ant Chandler to the landing place. Thirty-three men all told put off in the largest boat with Wild and Chandler, and after a pull of three miles THE CIVIL WAR. 7 1 came alongside the schooner which was already in flames. She was loaded with firewood, and although the men expected an explosion at any moment they, by the greatest exertion, threw the deckload overboard and extinguished the fire. During this time the enemy sent eighty- three shots through the rigging and into the water. At last the anchor was hoisted, the jib and flying jib set, and she was worked up the river out of range. '* Company A," wrote their captain, '' behaved admirably ; perfectly steady." Of the (i^j men of proper age in Brookline, only 378 were declared suitable for service at the front. Companies of volunteers were formed for daily drill on the Town Hall grounds. Two field pieces were procured, and the men who perfected themselves in the use of these almost all became members in September, 1861, of the loth Massachusetts battery. Meanwhile, the boys between the ages of twelve and fifteen organized the Brookline Rifles, 72 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN, and became so proficient that they were asked to give exhibitions in other towns. The girls carried linen to school, and during recess picked lint to be sent to the hospitals. On the 31st of January, 1862, Herbert Barlow was accidentally shot, and was brought home and buried with military honors. News came late one Saturday night in August of the second battle of Bull Run, and the loss of the hospital stores. Mr. George B. Blake at once notified all the ministers, and Sunday morning the con- gregations were dismissed to prepare bandages and supplies to be sent south. Hon. Ginery Twitchell, president of the Boston & Worcester railroad, lived on Kent street at this time. He immediately telegraphed for cars and engines to carry goods and surgeons to Washington. Two loaded freight cars were sent in from Brookline before sundown, and these with eight from Boston reached Washington early Tuesday morning. Mr. Twitchell, Dr. Tappan E. Francis THE CIVIL WAR. 73 and others went with the train. When Mr. Twitchell returned, a meeting was held in the Baptist church, at which he read a letter from President Lincoln to the people of Brookline. Years afterward, Mr. Twitchell entertained in Brookline the great military leader of the war. General U. S. Grant. The general walked into the fields east of Kent street to see some wild animals kept by Mr. Twitchell's son. Through 1863, 1864 and 1865, patriotic meet- ings were held and the work of recruiting went on systematically. At the meetings patriotic speeches were made by prominent officers from different parts of the country, and by soldiers home on furlough, or by Moses B. Williams, William Aspinwall, AmoS A. Lawrence, J. Murray Howe, William A. Wellman, Mr. Blake, W. Y. Gross, Ginery Twitchell, Thomas Parsons and other citizens. Between the speeches the band played popular music. Mr. Williams, Mr. Howe, 74 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Edward Atkinson and many others pledged large sums of money. The names of those who came forward and enlisted would fill many pages, and it seems unjust to single out any for mention in so short a sketch. Their names are recorded at the end of this book, where will be found also the names of many of the present citizens (1897), who served in the army or navy before they came to Brookline. In New York, Colonel Frank Howe, a Brook- line man doing business there, opened his store to the sick and wounded Massachusetts soldiers, who were being helped on their way toward the North. He not only raised funds for this object, but also helped to keep up the spirits of the supporters of the government. When at last the news came that the war was over, the church bells were rung throughout the town, and the houses were trimmed with bunt- ing. Brookline had furnished 720 men, over one THE CIVIL WAR. 75 hundred more than had been demanded. Of these about one-third were citizens of the town. Of the whole number enlisted, seventy-two were killed. The town spent during the war the sum of ^134,244.99, and the women are said to have spent an additional ^20,000 in their work. ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. In looking at Brookline on the map, two facts are worthy of notice ; first, that the town, which has been a part of Norfolk county since 1793, is entirely separated from the rest of the county, as is the case in certain parts of England ; and secondly, that Boston almost surrounds the town. As Brookline has wealth, two results were inev- itable, a desire on the part of Boston to annex the smaller neighbor, and a determination on the part of Norfolk county not to lose so valuable a territory. How pov.^erful these forces are may be estimated from the figures so ably presented by Alfred D. Chandler, Esq., in a pamphlet entitled, " Brookline, a Study in Town Govern- ment." The metropolitan district of Boston within a radius of about ten miles of the Brookline Town Hall, contains a million people. From 1882 to 1892 this district gained in assessed c^; ^ oC\2 ^y From a photograph taken in 1892. his fortieth year of service as town clerk. To face p. "7. ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. 7/ valuation over $353,000,000. During this time Chicago, perhaps the most wonderful example of the growth of a modern city, gained but ^118,373,601, in assessed valuation, or less than one-half, while the greater population was at this time in Chicago. In 1870 an unsuccessful attempt was made to annex " towns and parts of towns lying within six miles of the City Hall of the city of Boston on the southerly side of Charles River." Two years later some Brookline citizens petitioned for annexation and the matter came up again. The arguments advanced by Hamilton A. Hill, and approved by a majority of the commission appointed by the mayor of Boston in 1872, have in great measure lost what force they once had. Brookline now has the broad streets leading to Boston, which he thought annexation would bring. The problems of water supply and sew- age are being solved by metropolitan commis- sions. His best argument was, however, that ^S BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Brighton, since the slaughter-houses were better managed, should be improved in connection with the adjacent territory " on a broad and compre- hensive plan " that " its many picturesque situa- tions" might " attract a large number of people." This yoke Brookline was to bear. On May i6, 1873, an act was passed to annex Brookline to Boston, to take effect if a majority of the voters, on the first Tuesday of October, 1873, signified their approval. Thirteen days later a bill in equity was filed by T. P. Chandler, Augustus Lowell, Ignatius Sargent, John L. Gardner, Amos A. Lawrence, Robert Amory, T. E. Francis, James S. Amory, John C. Abbott and Isaac Taylor, all of Brookline, to restrain Boston and Brookline from proceeding under this act. June 24th, A. D. Chandler, Esq., presented an argument for the bill, on the ground that *'the citizens of the town of Brook- line had and have the right to a popular form of municipal government, guaranteed to them by ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. /Q the constitution of Massachusetts, and that as the annexation of Brookhne to the city of Boston would subject them to a representative form of government, this guaranteed right would be lost and the constitution be violated." The court did not take this view of the case, and the popular vote on October 7th saved the town. This vote of 707 to 299 was the result of hard work as well as good judgment. The advocates of annexation persisted in the ftght, saying there was a ring at the Town Hall, and that town government was a failure. The following extract from the annual report of the selectmen, March, 1874, was probably written by the chairman, Mr. Charles D. Head : — ^' The town is once more called on to defend itself from being absorbed — a worse fate than befell the prophet Jonah, for he was swallowed singly, while if we go down we shall find previous competitors for internal advantages, and if dissatisfied with the want of accommoda- 80 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. tion, or if we disagree with our hospitable host, we shall not be likely to recover our liberty, or identity, as he did." In 1875, 1876 and 1879 unsuccessful attempts were made. In October, 1879, the last serious struggle began. The petition in favor of annex- ation, dated October 20, 1879, bore 333 names. Mr. Chandler, in his argument for Brookline before the committee on towns of the legisla- ture, states that these represented about seven per cent of the valuation of the town. Eight names on the list appeared twice, 210 only repre- sented legal voters and 74 did not appear on the voting or property lists of the town. A test vote was taken in the spring, which resulted in 541 votes against annexation and 272 votes in its favor. The committee on towns heard all sides, including the protest of Norfolk county, and their report against annexation was accepted by the legislature. Mr. Chandler, in reply to those who claimed that men who do business in Boston ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. 8 1 should vote there, said: "It is apparent that the great fortunes of the heavy tax-payers of Brookhne have been made largely outside of Boston, and not within it, otherwise Boston would not only be the hub but the whole of the universe. The world at large, all parts of which have paid tribute to Boston merchants, would ridicule the monstrous conceit which attributed to Boston itself the fortunes its merchants have made." West Roxbury and Brighton were annexed to Boston in 1873. In 1880 the valuation of the former alone exceeded that of Brookline. In 1893, although the area of the two towns was more than double that of Brookline, the valuation of Brookline exceeded that of West Roxbury and Brighton combined. In November, 1894, the metropolitan park commission had a hearing in the Town Hall to ascertain public opinion in regard to placing the parks, sewers, schools, police, etc., of Boston and 82 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. the neighboring towns under one government, or to annex the towns. Brookline favored some form of metropolitan system with limited powers. But the interest was slight and the matter was dropped. THE LAST QUARTER OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Of three streams which influence the topog- raphy of Brookline, one — Smelt brook — running close to Judge Sewall's three farms, Brooklin, Swamplin and Hogs-coat, gave the town its name ; another — the Village brook — now disap- pearing in a culvert, guided the course of the village railroad ; and Muddy river, which gave Brookline its earliest designation, is the origin of a parkway. In the earliest days sailing vessels came up Muddy river as far as the present Longwood avenue bridge to the oyster beds, and later to the brick and lumber yards. When the mill- dam was built in 1821 this traffic was cut off. March 30, 1880, the subject of the '' Improve- ment of Muddy river" was referred to a com- mittee, consisting of the selectmen and three 84 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. park commissioners elected at the same meeting. These commissioners, F. W. Lawrence, Theo- dore Lyman and Charles S. Sargent, presented a plan, prepared by Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted of Brookline, for a " continuous promenade " extending from the Common through Common- wealth avenue, and through grounds laid out on either side of Muddy river to Jamaica pond. The plan was printed in colors in the town report for 1881. Part of the land to be acquired lay in Boston and part in Brookline. Delays were occasioned by the fact that Boston had reached her debt limit, and by the high prices asked by some of the land owners. The work went steadily on, however, and as early as 1883 the new improvement was called Riverdale park. In 1895 ^^^ commissioners reported that the work of construction was substantially finished. The total cost of the park, including mainte- nance, less the amount received for betterments, was $457,069.97. Thus the marshes of ancient O '■-' LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY. 85 Muddy river have been transformed into a beautiful parkway of drives and walks, grassy mounds, shrubs and trees. Brookline was a part of Suffolk county until June 20, 1793, when the act of March 26th, to set off Norfolk county (second of the name) took effect. Brookline became a part of the new county, and still holds this relation, although through the encroachments of Boston on the surrounding territory the town has been entirely separated from Dedham, the county seat. The new court-house at Dedham was dedicated June 20, 1895, and a handsome memorial of the occasion has been published. The county commissioners were charged with extravagance, and as Brookline pays about thirty-five per cent of the total Norfolk county tax, the town took a leading part in the investigations. In 1880 there was an unsuccessful attempt to erect and maintain a public bath-house under the acts of 1874. On April 18, 1883, an S6 brookline: a favored town. appropriation of ;^3,ooo was made for " one or more public bath-houses." In 1890 Robert Bishop, chairman of a committee on free warm baths, recommended a bath-house and swimming- tank, to be erected on Tappan street, but the plan was given up. In April, 1895, the subject of improved bathing facilities came up in town meeting, and was referred to a committee con- sisting of Dr. H. Lincoln Chase, Mr. James B. Hand, and Miss Martha W. Edgerly. On October 24th, after some discussion, the town voted to have a new public bath at a cost of $25,000. The building committee was to include the former committee and the board of selectmen. January 30, 1896, the cost of con- struction was allowed to be $40,000, exclusive of the land on the southern side of Tappan street and of furnishing. The bath-house was finished in December, 1896. Under the general direction of Dr. Chase, whose knowledge of the subject and unceasing activity were invaluable LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY. 8/ to the town, aided by an efficient committee, a building has been constructed with rain baths, tubs, a tank eighty feet by twenty-six feet, lined with English white-glazed brick, a tank twenty- two feet by ten feet, about fifty dressing-rooms with front and rear entrances, a gallery or running track, toilet rooms, and a small laundry for towels and trunks. The architect, Mr. F. Joseph Untersee of Brookline, has planned one of the few public buildings architecturally creditable to the town. The construction was intrusted to King & Hodge, Kenrick Brothers, Mr. John F. Fleming, and other Brookline contractors. The inscription cut in stone over the entrance reads : — THE HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE THE BEGLXNLNG OF HAPPINESS. The interior is brightened by lettering on the walls: the vote in town meeting, quotations from the poets, and the names of famous swim- mers, Ulysses, Leander, Thermuthis, Horatius, 88 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Caesar, Charlemagne, Olaf Trygvesson, Nicolo of Cola, Wynman, Franklin, Von Pfuel, Webb. The dedicatory exercises took place January i, 1897. At the close of the nineteenth century increase in population about the old centers of growth has become less marked ; while new centers, like Mr. Knapp's beautiful Beaconsfield terraces at the northerly end of Tappan street, Mr. McKay's Babcock farm allotment, and the allot- ments near Chestnut Hill station are attracting the seekers for homes. If Brookline is favored in the character of those who come, it is largely due to efficient administration of town affairs. At the town meetings, where every citizen has a voice, town officers are elected, appropriations are made, and projects are discussed. With a population large enough to entitle Brookline to a city charter, the necessarily large volume of business is transacted quickly and safely at town meetings because the '' Committee of twenty " M Si LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY. 89 (appointed by the moderator at the annual town meeting) examines and comments in a printed report upon each subject to be brought before the people. This report and the annual town report insure publicity. The magnitude of the interests involved may be inferred from a synopsis of the report of the town treasurer, Mr. George H. Worthley, for the year ending February 15, 1897: — Treasury receipts from all sources . . . $1,640,077 81 Total payments 1,596,410 37 Cash on hand $43,667 44 Entire debt (including $727,172 for water) $2,079,212 00 Sinking fund securities (at par) and cash $491,982 03 Assessed value of real estate $45,802,600 00 Assessed value of personal estate . . . 15,194,200 00 Total valuation $60,996,800 00 Tax rate $12.40 per $1000 Population, estimated 17.000 Polls assessed 4.562 If there is some local pride in Brookline, has it sprung from unworthy sources ? Is it not the 90 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. pride that comes from an inheritance well administered, a beautiful home-spot made more beautiful by industry and temperance ? As Brookline has emulated the good in other com- munities, may not other towns profit by that loyalty and that public spirit which characterize every good citizen within its borders ? It should be said that this narrative of particu- lar events in Brookline history does not mention adequately some who have been most closely associated with the progress of the town : Horace James, chairman of the board of select- men; Benjamin F. Baker, town clerk; William H. Lincoln, chairman, and William T. R. Marvin, secretary, of the school committee. BROOKLINE IN LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. In these days the name of Brookline is asso- ciated with the possession of wealth. Yet throughout the town's history Hterature has been represented in a degree somewhat unusual outside of a college town. The beginnings of Brookline are linked with two names eminent in early history. Governor John Winthrop was the first writer to mention the town. In his Journal he records that in 1632 "notice being given of ten Sagamores and many Indians being assembled at Muddy River, the Governor sent Captain Underbill with twenty musketeers to make discoveries, but at Roxbury they heard that they were broken up." But neither Winthrop nor Rev. John Cotton, the first owner of land in Brookline, came here to live. Another great land owner, who made visits to 92 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. the town, was Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, author of the famous Diary. His son lived on the southeastern corner of Beacon and Harvard streets ; but his diary is little known, although the chief justice's frank confessions of love- making might be matched by his son Samuel's entry: "January 22, 1714-15, went to Boston, intending to live at my father's untill I could find better treatment in my own." Joshua Scottow of Boston, one of the early grantees, was the author of "Old Men's Tears for their own Declensions" (1691), and of "A Narrative of the Planting of the Massachusetts Colony " (1694). The Rev. James Allen, first minister of the town, published in 1722 a sermon with the title : What shall I Render ! a Thanksgiving SERMON Preached at Brooklin, i^oij, 8th, 1722. From Psalm CXVI, 12. Writings by the following Brookline ministers were collected by Dr. Pierce and have been To face p. 93- LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 93 deposited by the First Parish church at the Public Library : Rev. James Allen, seven ; Rev. Nathaniel Potter, one ; Rev. John Pierce, twenty- one, and a manuscript volume of sermons. In 1 73 1 the famous lawyer Jeremy Gridley, later of Brookline, started and edited a weekly paper called the Rehearsal. His style was rather affected. Miss Hannah Adams, one of the most dis- tinguished women of her day in America, has already been mentioned. She was born at Medfield in 1756, the daughter of a store-keeper of considerable education, who could claim kinship with President John Adams. Poverty came upon her unexpectedly, and her efforts to find a support by making pillow lace, braiding straw, or teaching school were not very success- ful. She had studied Greek and Latin, and was fond of history and theology. The intoler- ance of religious authors of the day led her to think of writing a " View of Religious Opinions," 94 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. a work treating of various denominations. It appeared in 1784, and with other books brought her a partial support, eked out in her decHning years by an allowance from Rev. J. S. Buckmin- ster, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Stephen Higginson, and others who admired her ability and were attracted by her refined, sensitive nature. Miss Woods records two incidents which Dr. Pierce was fond of relating. Miss Adams had spent the night with a friend. In the morning she prepared for breakfast and went to the door. The knob "refused to pull out or push in, or lift up or go down. It never occurred to her to ticrn it, so she labored at the refractory thing till, finding it all in vain, she sat down and waited till a maid-servant finally came and let her out." At another time, while boarding with Mr. Perkins in Leverett street, Boston, she paid a visit, and then called a carriage to take her home. She told the driver to take her to Mr. Leverett' s on Perkins street. He searched until LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 95 eleven o'clock that evening for Perkins street, and at last drove back to his employer, who looked in at the window and exclaimed, *' Oh, that's Miss Hannah Adams ! carry her to Mr. Perkins's on Leverett street." She was so fond of reading at the Athenaeum that the librarian once or twice locked her in while he went to dinner, and upon his return found her still at work, all unconscious of his absence. Miss Adams, when she grew feeble, came to board at Mrs. Walley's, on the northwestern corner of School and Washington streets, west of the site of the present Bethany building, where she died November 15, 1832. A portrait by Chester Harding was painted at the request of friends for the Boston Athenaeum. Her autobiography was edited and published after her death by the sister of Rev. J. S. Buckminster, Mrs. Eliza B. Lee, of Brookline. The Buckminsters came from Thomas Buck- minster, author of an ^Imanac printed in London 96 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. in 1599. His grandson Thomas of Muddy River had a grandson Joseph of Framingham, who married Martha, daughter of Lieutenant Sharp of the Sudbury fight. Their son, Colonel Joseph, was a prominent military and civil officer, and Joseph's son. Colonel William Buckminster, was wounded at Bunker Hill. William's cousin. Rev. Joseph Buckminster, was the father of the pastor of the Brattle street church, and of Eliza who married Thomas Lee. In the Lee house near the Roxbury line and Perkins street, Mrs. Lee wrote some of her best books. Her " Sketches of New England " appeared in 1837, her *' Naomi," with its beauti- ful descriptions of colonial Brookline, in 1848, and her Memoirs of her father and brother in 1849. Thomas Carlyle said that this last work gave him "a much better account of the higher sort of character of New England than anything he had seen since Franklin's writings." She died in Brookline June 22, 1864. LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 97 Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson, author of *'Army Life in a Black Regiment," "Out- Door Papers," " Life of Margaret Fuller," " Common-sense about Women," and " Mal- bone," spent the greater part of the years 1842 and 1843 in Brookline, as a private tutor to the three young sons of his cousin, Stephen H. Perkins, nephew of Colonel Thomas H. Perkins, the leading merchant of Boston. Here ''cousins and friends came, time-honored acquaintances of the old gentleman, eminent public men, Mr. Prescott the historian, or Daniel Webster him- self, received like a king." Meanwhile he read Mrs. Lee's "Jean Paul Richter," and Richter's " Siebenkas," which gave attractive pictures of a life devoted to literature. In the Atlantic for January, 1897, he writes: — " With all this social and intellectual occupa- tion, much of my Brookline life was lonely and meditative; my German romance made me a dreamer, and I spent much time in the woods, 98 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. nominally botanizing, but in reality trying to adjust myself, being still only nineteen or twenty, to the problems of life." He wandered about the shores of Hammond's pond, where the Andromeda polifolia and the pink Cypripedhim or lady's slipper grew ; and climbed the hills while ''the sweet bell of the Newton Theological Seminary on its isolated hill would peal out what seemed like the Angelus." In September, 1843, Mr. Higginson returned to Cambridge to study. In 1871-72 Miss Harriet F. Woods, a teacher in the schools, published in the Brookline Transcript a series of articles on local history. These sketches were gathered into a volume in 1874 under the title "Historical Sketches of Brookline, Mass." Through the efforts of Miss Abby L. Pierce (Dr. Pierce's daughter), and Mr. Robert S. Davis the financial difficulties were overcome. Miss Woods's work was the result of laborious research and a fondness for her LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 99 task which opened every door to her. There are few town histories as readable as this anecdotal visitation which Miss Woods made twenty-five years ago, and her memory should always be held in honor for her unselfish efforts to pre- serve the romance of early Brookline. She was born January 23, 1828, and began her career as a teacher at the age of fifteen. She taught in the public schools of Brookline for twenty- three years. Her death occurred in Newton, where she had gone for her health, October 8, 1879. Eliakim Littell, founder of LittelVs Living A^e, was born in Burlington, N. J., in 1797, and died in Brookline May 17, 1870. His first paper was the National Recorde7% which he carried on under this and other names for over twenty years. In 1844 he came to Boston and started the Living Age, in which he continued the traditions of the earlier publication. It was later edited by Miss Susan Littell, his daughter. He 100 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. was the author of the ** Compromise Tariff " passed during President Jackson's administra- tion, and took an active interest in Brookline affairs, particularly in those relating to parks and schools. Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, speaker of the national house of representatives, was a volu- minous writer. His orations at Brookline, at Plymouth, at Bunker Hill, at Washington, and at Yorktown, will always be prized. His life of John Winthrop and his own autobiographical sketches are the scholarly work of his leisure hours. He died in Boston November i6, 1894. George Makepeace Towle lived for a number of years in Brookline, and was a trustee of the Public Library from 1873 to 1887. Many pages of the records are in his handwriting. Mr. Towle was United States consul at Nantes, and later at Bradford. He returned to Boston in 1870 and led an active life as editor and author. He was president of the Papyrus Club in 1880, MISS HARRIET F. WOODS. Author of ■■ Historicr.l Sketches of B/ookiine."" From a photograph lent by \V. V. (iross, Esq. To face p. loi. LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. lOI a delegate to the Republican national convention at Chicago in 1888, and a state senator in 1890 and 1891. Among his books are ''American Society," 1870, "The Eastern Question," 1877, "Principalities of the Danube," 1877, and "Young Folks' Heroes of History," a series of biographies. Mr. Towle died in Brookline August 8, 1893. Hon. Charles Carleton Coffin, author of " The Boys of '^6,'' " Old Times in the Colonies," "The Story of Liberty," and other stirring books for boys, had but just moved to Shailer street, and had shown, by his fine address before the High School, an interest in the town, when he died, March 2, 1896. Among the residents of the town who have died or moved away were Frederic Henry Hedge, one of the profound scholars of the middle of the century ; Rev. J. Lewis Dinan, an historical writer of unusual power; Hon. David Hall Rice, author of an able work on " Protective 102 BROOKLINE ! A FAVORED TOWN. Philosophy ;" William Ware, author of "Zenobia" and " Probus ; " Samuel A. Goddard, writer of local history ; George B. Emerson, the educator ; Commander Winfield S. Schley ; Rev. John Seely Stone ; Rev. Francis Wharton, a distin- guished legal writer; Rev. William Wilberforce Newton ; Bishop William Lawrence ; Colonel William L. Chase ; and Miss Susan E. Blow, writer for the kindergarten. Of the present writers, who have published books or pamphlets, mention should be made of Edward Atkinson, the economist ; Colonel Theodore A.' Dodge, the military writer ; Percival Lowell, traveler and astronomer ; Edward Stanwood, author of a work on " Presidential elections;" J. Elliot Cabot, author of a life of Emerson ; Charles Sprague Sargent, author of " The Silva of North America ; " Desmond Fitz- Gerald, writer on engineering and water supply ; Captain R. G. F. Candage, Bradford Kingman, William I. Bowditch, S. N. D. North, James LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. IO3 Jeffrey Roche, Rev. Reuen Thomas, Samuel T. Button, Alfred D. Chandler, Robert Amory, Walter Channing, H. Lincoln Chase, Prentiss Cummings, Hon. M. P. Kennard, J. Geddes, Jr., Reginald H. Howe, Jr., E. P. Vining, S. Arthur Bent, Harrison Ellery, George H. Monroe, Horace W. Fuller, Prescott F. Hall, Dana Estes, Richard Soule, Charles C. Soule, Rev. George C. Lorimer, William D. Orcutt, Prof. John D. Runkle, Rev. Julius H. Ward, Ernest F. Henderson, Henry V. Poor, F. L. Olmsted, Osborne Howes, Andrew J. George, C. A. W. Spencer, Colonel Thomas H. Talbot, Miss Agnes Blake Poor (''Dorothy Prescott " ), Miss Eliza Orne White, Mrs. Alicia Aspinwall, Mrs. Blakeslee (" Mary Blake"), Mrs. Mabel Fuller Blodgett, Miss Susan Littell, and some others. In 1855 and 1856 a boys' newspaper was issued by F. O. Wellman and W. G. Wilson, which was carried on by the latter in 1857 and 1858. The Sagamore, a high school monthly, was started 104 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. in 1895. Number one of the Brookline Tran- script, a weekly, appeared October 15, 1870, and was edited by Bradford Kingman until it suspended in May, 1873. The Brookline Chron- icle, another weekly newspaper, first appeared April 9, 1874, edited and published by W. H. Hutchinson at " the second door east of the railroad" on Washington street. It later passed through the hands of Wing & Arthur, C. M. Vincent, Arthur & Spencer, and finally to Mr. C. A. W. Spencer (in 1881), who continues the paper, with Mr. Sidney W. Dean as associate editor. The Brookline News, an illustrated weekly, appeared August 7, 1886, edited by Louis Gassier, and continued its career until March 24, 1888. Art has been represented in Brookline by Samuel Colman, the landscape painter, who was the founder and first president of the American Society of Painters in Water Color. Mr. Colman attended the high school in its early days, and 0) .- c 5 LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 10$ lived on Walnut street. A miniature and genre painter of note, Richard M. Staigg, lived for some years on Monmouth place. Mr. Dwight Blaney of Walnut street exhibits at the Boston Art club and elsewhere. Mrs. Theo Ruggles Kitson, the sculptor, is the daughter of the late Cyrus W. Ruggles, for many years the village postmaster. Among the famous artists whose works are owned in the town are : Allston (Theodore Lyman and Charles S. Sargent) ; Boudin and Monet (Desmond FitzGerald) ; Cazin (Edward Steese) ; Copley (Charles S. Sargent) ; Corot (Mrs. J. L. Gardner, Mrs. C. O. Foster, Wm. E. Cox) ; Courbet (Isaac R. Thomas) ; Couture (E. D. Jordan) ; Rubens (H. S. Howe) ; Schreyer (W. E. Cox) ; Stuart (W. I. Bowditch, Mrs. H. L. Eustis, H. M. Cutts, C. P. Gardiner) ; Sully (Andrew Robeson) ; Daubigny (Barthold Schlesinger, C. H. W. Foster) ; Dewing (Edward Stanwood); Diaz (Mrs. J. R. Coolidge, Mrs. A. W. Blake, Joseph H. White) ; George I06 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Fuller and Inness (Joseph H. White); Lawrence (E. D. Jordan) ; Mauve (B. Schlesinger, W. C. Cotton) ; Millet (Mrs. A. W. Blake) ; Reynolds (E. D. Jordan, H. S. Howe) ; Vinton (High School); Bonheur and Etty (Mrs. D. D. Addison). In the arts Brookline stands preeminent. Frederick Law Olmsted, of the firm of F. L. and J. C. Olmsted, has long been the most distinguished landscape architect in the United States. From the firm, which at one time included the late Charles Eliot, son of President Eliot of Harvard, many young men have received their early professional training. The death of two of these, Henry Sargent Codman and his brother Philip Codman, sons of Mr. James M. Codman, deprived the younger school of land- scape architects of two of its promising members. As early as 1850, Mr. Olmsted became interested in landscape gardening and spent a summer in England. Before the breaking out of the civil war he traveled in the South, studying the social LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 10/ and agricultural conditions of the people. His observations in each case were published, and at the outbreak of the war "The Cotton King- dom," a condensation of his writings, was issued in London and was frequently quoted. During the war he was actively engaged in the improvement of the sanitary condition of the Union forces. Since then he has been the leading expert in laying out the larger parks and park-systems, as Morningside and Riverside parks. New York; Prospect and Washington parks, Brooklyn ; Washington and Jackson parks, Chicago, with their parkways, and the parkways of Boston. He was the landscape architect of Central park, New York, and the first commis- sioner of the National park of the Yosemite. In architecture as in landscape gardening Brookline has for many years been the home of a leader. Henry Hobson Richardson's work has left its impress on a large share of the public buildings erected in America in recent years. I08 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. His best work began with the Brattle street church, Boston, in 1871. Soon after he was chosen architect of Trinity church, Boston, and gave much of his time and thought to the beau- tiful building which was finished in 1877. The Albany city hall, the public libraries at Woburn, Maiden, Quincy and Burlington, Sever hall and Austin hall (the law school) at Harvard, the railroad stations of the Boston & Albany, the board of trade at Cincinnati, and the court-house in Pittsburg — these and many others show his power through the use of mass and form rather than detail. And many libraries throughout New England, not of his hand, show the influ- ence of his free treatment of the Romanesque. He was a great-grandson of Dr. Joseph Priestley, the discoverer of oxygen, and showed a brilliancy and magnetism worthy of his inheritance. Mr. Richardson died in Brookline, April 28, 1886. His wife is descended from Ebenezer Craft, who built the Craft house on Huntington avenue in 1709. o .S % I W " ^ LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. lOQ Another architect of national reputation is Henry Ives Cobb of Chicago, who was born in BrookUne, August 19, 1859. He designed the fisheries building for the World's Fair at Chicago, in 1893, one of the best in that group of harmoni- ous buildings which gave the "White City" its fame. He is the architect of the University of Chicago and of the post office building in Chicago, now (1897) being constructed. Among the present residents of the town are a number of the leading architects of the United States. On every telephone instrument of the Bell Telephone Company are the words, " Blake transmitter." Francis Blake, nephew of the late Commodore George S. Blake of Brookline, was born in Needham, but went from the Brook- line high school to the United States coast survey, where he received scientific training. While engaged in this work he took up experi- mental physics as a pastime. In 1878 the Blake transmitter was devised, and was adopted at ly-^i' 1 10 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. once by the Bell Telephone Company as far superior to any transmitter then in use. Mr. Blake lives at Weston, but keeps his interest in the town, and attended recently a meeting of the High School Alumni Association. In 1868 E. S. Ritchie & Sons, manufacturers of philosophical instruments, moved from Boston to Brookline, and established themselves at the corner of Harvard and Washington streets. For many years the firm has made marine compasses for the United States navy. Those in use on the monitors during the rebellion were liquid com- passes designed and made ift-B rooklin e. In their present quarters on Cypress street, southeast of the Boston & Albany circuit, the firm make fine apparatus for high schools and colleges. Near by is the factory of Mr. John Shields, where fishing tackle is made in large quantities. On Station street the Holtzer-Cabot Electric Company is engaged in the manufacture of electrical appliances. THE SCHOOLS. Education in Brookline has been a continuous factor in the town's development since March 8, 1685, when the inhabitants of Muddy River petitioned ''for a writinge school for theire children." The next year Boston freed the hamlet from town rates with the understanding that Muddy River would provide an able reading and writing master. The first school- house seems to have stood a little south of the southwest corner of Harvard and School streets, facing School lane. A brook, which now runs below ground, flowed through the low land a little west of the lane and behind the school-house; crossing the Cambridge road it watered a large tree on the northeastern corner, and in its course touched the meadows sloping eastward from the old Aspinwall house. 112 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN, The second school was built on the eastern side of the lane. There was a large wood-pile outside, and the half-seasoned and weather- soaked logs were cut into firewood by some of the boys, while others brought from Squire Sharp's house up the road a few live coals in an iron skillet. In time a second story was added, and here Miss Catherine Stearns, with the occasional aid of older pupils or of another teacher, carried on the school for many years. In 1855 the building was sold and moved to Washington street, where it remained until it was pulled down in May, 1896. The first school-house built by Brookline as a town is said to have stood in the triangle at the junction of Walnut and Warren streets. Per- mission to build was given in 17 13. In 1728, and for fifty years after, there were contentions regarding the number of schools to be kept. At the November meeting in the latter year two were ordered, " one to stand in the new lane THE SCHOOLS. II3 [Cypress street] between Mr. Allin's and Water- town Road [Washington street], beyond the bridge [over Village brook] as near the bridge as there can be a spot of land for it." If this vote was carried out, a school-house must once have stood on or near the present High School playground. In 1793 a brick school-house was built at the corner of Walnut and Warren streets where school was kept from April till November. Here also Dr. Pierce held his Wednesday after- noon catechisms for many years. Of Isaac Adams who taught here for twenty years, many strange tales survive. His methods of punishment are contrasted with his devotion to his young wife and his half-frantic grief long after her death. He spanked the unruly boy with a leather strap, or made him stand before the class with his nose wedged into the split end of a sapling. In times of great disorder he would pile the boys in a pyramid on the floor 114 brookline: a favored town. and spank the unlucky one at the top. For the girls he had a unipod or one-legged stool, on which a wrong-doer must balance herself for an hour or more. The brick school was used also for town meetings. The services and the address by Dr. Pierce in honor of Washington at his death were held at the church on the present parsonage grounds, but the procession formed at the school-house and marched thither. The present Pierce hall, next to the First Parish church, was dedicated as a school January i, 1825. The town hall, on the second floor, was used also for singing-classes and lectures. The lyceum movement gained such force in Brookline from 1832, through the enthusiasm of Mr. Isaac Thayer, Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, and others, that the " Lyceum of the Town of Brookline" was incorporated in 1841. Lyceum hall, which still stands west of the site of THE SCHOOLS. II5 the Punch Bowl tavern, opposite the end of Walnut street, was soon erected. The lectures and courses of study did much for education in the town. Music, phrenology, science and literature in turn became the talk of the day. The young girls delighted in Mr. Christopher Duncan, "feasting one's eyes on his beauty," and in Mr. Charles Emerson, "a delightful specimen of his creator's workmanship." R. W. Emerson, Hillard, Rufus Choate, and Dr. Webster, subsequently the murderer of Parkman, went through the ordeal of feminine criticism. The town on March 6, 1843, voted to establish a high school ; Dr. Pierce, Rev. William H. Shailer, and Samuel Philbrick, Esq., the school committee for that year, were untiring advo- cates of public education. The present Pierce hall was chosen for this purpose, and Mr. B. H. Rhoades became the first principal. He and his successor, Mr. Hezekiah Shailer, brother of Mr. Shailer, the Baptist minister, were graduates ii6 brookline: a favored town. of Boston University. Mr. Shailer served from May 4, 1846, to April 26, 1852. The principals since that time have been : — George Moore, May, 1852, to July, 1852. William P. Atkinson, a graduate of Harvard, September, 1852, to February 28, 1853. Rev. John N. Bellows, February 28, 1853, to May, 1853. Isaac Coffin, a graduate of Dartmouth, April 26, 1853, to April, 1854. J. Emory Hoar, (Harvard,) April 10, 1854, to July, 1888. Frederic T. Farnsworth, (Tufts,) September, 1888, to June 26, 1891. Daniel S. Sanford, a graduate of Yale, September 7, 1891 — . In Mr. Rhoades's day there were two weeks of vacation preceding the first Monday in May, three weeks preceding the first Monday in September, and Thanksgiving week ; also Fourth of July and Christmas. Among the students THE SCHOOLS. II7 during the first year were Samuel Colman, founder and first president of the American society of painters in water-colors ; and Edward S. Philbrick, treasurer of the Massachusetts anti-slavery society and a distinguished civil engineer. Two of the students later married well-known citizens, Dr. Tappan E. Francis and Captam R. G. F. Candage. During the rule of Mr. Bellows some boy each Saturday chose for his declamation, *' The Village Blacksmith." When he reached the words ''They love to see the flaming forge and hear the bellows roar," a titter went round the room. After a time the principal lost his patience. In 1857 the high school at the southeastern corner of School and Prospect streets was completed, and served until the present building was finished in 1895. The first appropriation for the new high school building which stands at the corner of Il8 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Tappan street and Gorham avenue, facing the Common, was made January 25, 1895. The dedication took place November 19, 1895. The severe external appearance is due to a desire to keep the cost of the building within the $200,000 appropriated, but the interior, with its heating and ventilating apparatus, its assembly hall, its special accommodations for science teaching, art study, and physical training, fulfills its purpose admirably. The grounds were laid out by Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot. The cost of furnishing was about $25,000, making a total cost of $225,000. There are 19,750 square feet in the ground area. April 22, 1872, Mr. William T. Reid was appointed superintendent of schools, the first person to hold this office, and resigned in 1875. Mr. Reid was perhaps too fond of frequent examinations to please all people. He is now said to be very successful as master of a private school in California. THE SCHOOLS. I IQ In 1879 Mr. D. H. Daniels was made superin- tendent of grammar and primary schools. The master of the high school was responsible to the school committee alone. At the time of Mr. Daniels's resignation in 1890, after a term of service longer than that of any teacher who had served the town, Mr. Samuel T. Dutton of New Haven was appointed superintendent of schools. The feeling that the harmonious working of all the schools in the town would be best subserved by having one responsible head, has been amply justified by the unity of purpose and spirit of cooperation manifested since Mr. Dutton's appointment. A wider application of this principle was made in estab- lishing the Brookline Education Society on March 13, 1895. Here parents and teachers meet to discuss the problems of public education and the home care of children. Mr. Hoar, the master of the high school, had resigned in 1888, after serving the town 120 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. for thirty-four years. A large number of the older citizens of Brookline received their education under him ; in remembrance of this early training and association, Mr. Hoar's pupils asked him to sit to F. P. Vinton for an oil portrait which they gave in 1896 to the new high school, where it now hangs. His successor, Mr. F. T. Farnsworth, resigned his position in 1891, and Mr. Daniel S. San- ford of Stamford, Connecticut, was appointed. Largely through the efforts of Mr. Dutton and Mr. Sanford, the various educational influences of the town have been brought into sympathy. The following statistics are for 1896-97 : — Number of children in town between five and fifteen years of age Value of school property .... Assessed valuation in Brookline Total expenditures for schools . Percentage for schools Cost of instruction for each pupil Whole number of pupils .... Total number of teachers in day schools School buildings 2,529 $910,455 GO $60,996,800 00 119,521 79 0019 39 20 3,168 109 16 O A > O g M 0) ffi W U o «< h-1 o Ck U Ph ^ o TS ID c I>l is rl r ) o ra ^ u K ^ H c CHURCH HISTORY. I 53 Mr. Twombly, early pastors of the church. The church has placed a tablet in the vestibule in memory of James Rothwell, first chairman of the building committee. Mr. Haven gave the pulpit in memory of his father, and Mrs. Haven gave the baptismal font. The tablet in memory of Mr. Rothwell reads : ERECTED BY SAINT mark's church IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF JAMES ROTHWELL, WHOSE GENEROSITY MADE POSSIBLE THIS HOUSE OF WORSHIP. St. Mark's was dedicated October 14, 15 and 18, 1896. Bishop Charles H. Fowler preached the dedication sermon. Portraits of Bishop Gilbert Haven, Rev. W. I. Haven, and views of the church may be found in Zioris Herald for October 21st. The pastors of the church have been : E. D. Winslow, 1873 ; Mark Trafton, 1874-75 ; W. S. 154 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Robinson (supplied), 1876 ; Elijah R. Watson (supplied), \%^^-^^\ WilUam McDonald, 1879- 1881 ; Joshua Gill, 1882; William G. Leonard, 1883-84; Joshua Gill, 1885-86; John H. Twombly, 1 887-1 890; William Nast Brodbeck, 1891-93 ; William Ingraham Haven, 1894 to date (1897). Universalist. On Sunday, November 29, 1891, Rev. Charles Conklin held a Universalist mission service in Union hall at the corner of High and Walnut streets. January 8, 1892, a temporary organi- zation was effected, and Mr. Conklin, state missionary, became president of the new parish ; in March, the Methodist chapel at the corner of Cypress and Washington streets was hired for Sunday services. August 15, 1892, Rev. T. E. Potterton was called to the pastorate. He began his work September i, 1892, and resigned October i, 1893. A permanent parish organiza- tion was made January 5, 1893, with John E. CHURCH HISTORY. 155 Cousens as president. Rev. Stephen H. Roblin took charge of the church at Mr. Potterton's resignation. September, 1894, Rev. Herbert E. Cushman became pastor, as successor to Mr. Roblin, and continued until January i, 1896. In June, 1895, the chapel at the corner of Washing- ton and Cypress streets was purchased from the Methodist society. Rev. Charles W. Biddle, D. D., became pastor September i, 1896, and was installed October 25th. The parish is fully organized for work on helpful lines, and is active in several departments of Christian effort. Presbyterian. The Presbyterian church held services in Brookline as early as January, 1894. Rev. C. S. Dewing became pastor in charge, and continued the services first in Harvard hall and later in Goddard hall. In September, 1894, Rev. William Elder Archibald, Ph.D., became pastor, and because of his successful ministry, and through 156 brookline: a favored town. his efforts, land was purchased in 1896 for a church on Prospect street. The work of construction was begun during the autumn of that year, and the corner stone was laid on Christmas day. The building was finished in the spring of 1897. Congregational-Unitarian. Chrisfs Church. Christ's church, Colchester street, Longwood, was erected by Hon. David Sears in i860, and dedicated June 30, 1862. It is a copy of a church in Colchester, England, which Mr. Sears then considered the ancestral home of the Sears family. Mr. Sears' object was to provide a church where all might worship '' in the unity of the Spirit and in the bond of peace." He prepared a liturgy to be used by the preacher. Among the clergymen who have been connected with the church are : Rev. James M. Hubbard, in 1862 ; Rev. C. C. Tiffany, in 1863; Rev. S. B. Cruft, in 1864 and a part of 1865; and Rev. CHURCH HISTORY. I 57 Henry A. Miles, Mr. Cruft's successor, whose sermon in memory of Mr. Sears, January 22, 1 871, has been printed. Rev. Caleb Davis Bradlee, a well known clergyman, took charge in April, 1893, after the church had been without a regular minister for about fifteen years. There is now a large congregation. The pastor resigned in April, 1897, after a most successful ministry. His farewell sermon was delivered April 25th, and on the last day of the same week (May I, 1897,) he died. POLICE DEPARTMENT. In the autumn of 1857, a special police and night watch was appointed, to be under the direction of Mr. Augustus Allen. The hook and ladder house was used for temporary lodgers. In the years immediately following, a watch was on duty Saturday nights and Sundays. In 1870 about eight men were employed and the arrests numbered nearly 200 a year. At the annual meeting a regular day and night force was ordered. As early as i860, Mr. John P. Sanborn had been elected truant officer, and in 1864 a constable. Until the force was enlarged, he remained the only regular officer, but with power to call upon the other constables. In 1870 he was made chief and in 1874 submitted his first written report. Alonzo Bowman was appointed chief of police to succeed Mr. Sanborn in 1876, and so has POLICE DEPARTMENT. I 59 already served over twenty years. The other officers of the force now (1897) are : First lieutenant, George F. Dearborn ; second lieuten- ant, B. Frank Bartlett ; inspector, Albert S. Paige ; first sergeant, Alonzo W. Corey ; second sergeant, Joseph J. O'Connell ; third sergeant, Edward J. Mealey, Jr. ; court officer, Albert S. Paige. June 23, 1870, a vote was passed to appropri- ate ;^3,ooo,"to finish and furnish a police station in the new hose-house." In March, 1872, the selectmen were authorized to purchase a lot of land on which to erect a station. After an ineffectual attempt to have a new building, a committee reported April 14, 1873, in favor of altering the old Town Hall, which had been superseded by the new Town Hall in February of the same year, for a police station, a court room for the trial justice, and an evening school. The report was accepted and the department still occupies the building. FIRE DEPARTMENT. In 1788, Colonel Aspinwall and Lieutenant Crofts were chosen fire wards, the first men- tioned in the records. The town relied upon Roxbury for help in emergencies, and in 1795 it was " Voted, to pay one-half of the expences of the repairs of the fire engine in futer." In 1829 a committee was appointed ''to see what amount the town of Roxbury have allowed for the purchase of hose and buckets for the new engine Norfolk, and that this town meet them in any expense for the same, not exceeding fifty dollars." Brookline citizens subscribed ^325 and Roxbury $150. The engine cost $400, leaving a balance to be used in building an engine house. In 1839 a new engine, the " Brookline," built by Hunneman, was purchased for $900, and in March, 1842, the Norfolk was reported sold, FIRE DEPARTMENT. l6l after considerable trouble arising from the joint ownership of the engine with Roxbury. The "Brookline" was burned in 1843. These engines were manned by citizens who formed themselves into a company. The present engine house on Washington street was built in 1871, on the site of the former building. In the same year the election of fire wards was discontinued, and a board of engineers was appointed by the selectmen. Under the new arrangement Alfred Kenrick, Jr., became chief engineer, and J. Thomas Waterman was chosen clerk. The engine which took the place of the " Brookline " was still in use, after more than thirty years of service. There were at the time three organized com- panies. The first steam fire engine was ordered in 1873, at a cost of $6,950, sufificient water supply having at last been provided. l62 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Mr. Kenrick resigned in 1874; ^is successors have been J. Thomas Waterman, William B. Sears, Horace A. Allyn, Moses Jones, and George H. Johnson, who has served as chief since 1878. Francis F. Muldowney and E. Frank Proctor are now (1897) associated with Mr. Johnson on the board of engineers. GEOLOGY. By Daniel S. Sanford. Brookline is situated at the center of the Boston basin, a circular area, which from its isolation and the uniformity of conditions which have prevailed within it, may be regarded as a geological unit. The history of the Boston basin, as interpreted by Prof. W. O. Crosby, has been the record of the slow accumulation of sediment under alternating deep and shallow water condi- tions, interrupted many times by periods of volcanic activity of varying intensity, and termin- ated by a mountain-making epoch during which the thick sedimentary beds were compressed into great east and west ridges and lifted permanently above sea level. Such a condensed statement necessarily fails to give any adequate notion of the long ages of slow subsidence, of the frequent intervals of minor disturbance when 164 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. rock masses were fractured and displaced, and lava poured forth " a liquid flood " over the sea bottom, and, least of all, of the aeons of time during which the uplifted rocks were subjected to the destructive action of mechanical and chemical erosion, until a further elevation of the continent ushered in the glacial period. In all of these experiences Brookline shared, and the record of many of them is still easily decipherable. One does not need to cross the town's boundaries to find evidences of nearly every force known to geology. Heat and cold, fire and water and ice have done their work ; volcanoes, earthquakes, glaciers, freshet and ocean have combined to make Boston's most beautiful suburb. The conglomerate ledges of the town form the crest of the largest and most central of the parallel ridges mentioned above ; the melaphyre beds in the northwest corner of the town are believed to be a surface flow of lava below and GEOLOGY. 165 antedating the conglomerate ; and the slate, which appears in a narrow synclinal trough near the Chestnut Hill reservoir, is perhaps the last remnant of an extensive deposit of slate which once overspread all the conglomerate, but was unable to withstand the erosive power of ice and water. In the section of the town east of Newton street and north of Clyde street there are several dikes, the largest, in Clyde park, being fully 90 feet wide. The northern end of the town, or, to speak more exactly, Brookline village and the section east of Boylston street and Chestnut Hill avenue, is drift buried, no outcrop of rock appearing. The glacial waste, consisting in the valleys and on the plains of assorted sand and gravel, and of hills of unmodified boulder-clay, covers everything. No well-defined terminal moraine appears, but the numerous boulders, the kettle holes in Muddy river valley and the Longwood district, and the drumlins show the l66 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. abundance of material which the retreating: glacier dropped in this vicinity. If the drift could be removed we should doubtless find a continuation of the rock series observed in the upper part of the town, the trough of slate broadening and flattening as it passed under Longwood, the Back Bay and Boston, and the conglomerate dipping from either side beneath it. An examination of the map accompanying this volume will reveal several glacial features. Corey, Aspinwall, Fisher, Singletree and several smaller hills, are of the same shape and have a common northwest southeast trend, their longer axes being parallel to one another and to the striae on the rocks. The oldest highways suggest a like parallelism, since they follow the valleys between the hills. The precise way in which these drumlins were formed is one of the unsolved problems of geology. Babcock Hill, one of the few extensive gravel deposits in the GEOLOGY. 167 town, was wholly unlike them in character and origin. Hall's pond, commonly considered bottomless, is a true kettle hole, made by the late melting of a mass of ice around which the retiring glacier piled drift material. Ward's pond and Jamaica pond are of similar origin. The extent to which the early history of the town was determined and our life today is influenced by purely physical causes becomes apparent when we reflect that the swamps, the drainage, the streams, the position of the hills so much prized as places of residence, and the location of the first roads, were all determined by the way in which the glacier at its melting disposed of the great load of waste material with which it was freighted. In the clay beds of the Longwood district the first settlers found the material for brick making, one of their earliest industries. On the plain, which stretches from Corey and Aspinwall hills l68 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. to the Charles and Muddy rivers, and which is in fact a delta made of glacial waste, they found the richest pasture lands, and here, at a point where the first roads converged, sprang up the Punch Bowl village. The drift hills, though less fertile, when once subdued to cultivation, made farmland of enduring ex- cellence. Since the supply of gravel from Babcock Hill was exhausted, the town has used for the repair of its roads the conglomerate quarried from the Washington and Newton street ledges. Later recourse may be had to the Hammond street melaphyre beds, which will furnish a still better road metal. The changes wrought by the growth of Boston have augmented rather than diminished the influence of the glacier upon our modern life, for the drumlins more than any one other physical feature of the town, have fixed its residential character. vg^ <: kJ ^ :; G OJ W c r^ 0< o ^' § rt ^ w U s U o ij K S w BOTANY. By Miss Emma G. Cummings. Up to 1850 the larger part of Brookline was covered with a growth of native trees. Of these many fine specimens here and there remain ; and there may still be found within its limits a majority of the trees native to Massachusetts, — a great variety, since in Massachusetts alone there are more species of trees than in any country of northern Europe. Longwood derived its name from the strip of woodland formerly extending from Aspinwall avenue to the old milldam,' now Commonwealth avenue. The largest tract of woodland, an area of about 500 acres, is bounded by Heath, Hammond, Newton and Clyde streets, where are to be seen white cedars and some fine large hemlocks and white pines. A smaller tract of about 50 acres extending from Boylston street I/O brookline: a favored town. to the line of the circuit raih'oad and Reservoir lane, has now growing upon it thirty different species of native trees, and many of them noble specimens of their kind : linden ; two maples, the red, and a giant sugar maple on the corner of Reservoir lane ; cherry, tupelo, ash, sassafras, elm, buttonwood ; four hickories, the shagbark or shelbark, mockernut, pignut and bitternut ; four birches, the black, yellow, white and canoe ; hornbeam, and hop hornbeam, not only plentiful in this region, but elsewhere in Brookline ; five different oaks, the white, swamp white, red, black and scarlet ; chestnuts, so large and old that they are falling to decay ; beech, white pine, pitch pine, hemlock, and red cedar. Some of these are represented by only a few trees. There are, besides, many of the smaller trees and shrubs, including shad, witch-hazel, cornel, alder, barberry, black alder (ilex), sumac, elder, viburnum, Benjamin bush, and willow. This is a region truly worthy to be preserved for the BOTANY. 171 education of the public. On the Longwood playground are four tupelo trees, nearly all that are left of a species once numerous in the low- lands of Brookline. Foreign trees have been planted along our streets and avenues, such as Norway maple, sycamore maple, European linden, English elm, horsechestnut, and Norway spruce. But in recent years, many native trees have been planted, notably scarlet oak and elm on the Beacon street boulevard ; red, white, and pin oak, sugar maple and white ash in the parkway, besides in the latter place hundreds of shrubs of the barberry, now thoroughly naturalized, cornel or dogwood, and viburnum, showy at all seasons, but especially the viburnum opulus, or high bush cranberry, with its clusters of scarlet berries in the autumn. Have the wild flowers disappeared with the encroachment of civilization ? perhaps some one will ask. Not altogether. Besides the commonest 172 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. wayside and wild flowers the seeker will still find growing hepatica, rue-anemone, marsh marigold, goldthread, columbine, corydalis, fringed polygala, cardinal flower, beech-drops, lady's slipper, Solomon's seal, dog's-tooth violet, trillium, and a great variety of goldenrods and asters. THE BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. By Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. As one looks back at the Brookline of years ago when Muddy river meandered sluggishly between its less attractive banks, and Babcock's woods and many other places that have now been "improved" were wild and natural, when the cedar swamp lay, hardly known and unfre- quented, under the shadow of Denny's hill, from the ornithological standpoint we regret deeply that that day has ceased to be. With the advance of civilization many birds have been deprived of their former homes. One can remember the day when "peep," marsh wren and rail were common along the creek, when red-winged blackbirds bred by hundreds in Babcock's swamp, and only a year ago a noted and extensive night heronry was to be found within the town limits. 174 brookline: a favored town. We cannot complain at the irresistible strides of town improvement, nevertheless those who love the wild and natural portions of this favored place cannot help mourning the loss of some spot, the only home of a certain bird within our borders, when improvement meant not only the routing of that bird from that particular spot, but from the town altogether. The following list, incomplete as it must be, shows, however, what a wealth of bird life we still have and un- doubtedly will have for many years to come. Thanks are due Mr. Frederick H. Kennard of Brookline, Mr. Arthur L. Reagh of West Rox- bury, Mr. Henry V. Greenough of Longwood, Mr. George C. Shattuck of Boston, and Mr. Francis H. Allen of West Roxbury, for kind assistance in the compiling of this list. Note.— For explanation of reference marks see end of list. 1. Podilymbus podiceps — Pied-billed Grebe. Mr. William A. Eldredge shot a single bird on Muddy creek, in Longwood, about 1883. 6 2. Anas obscura — Black Duck. Rare fall and spring migrant, Longwood-avenue marsh. 133 BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. I75 3. Anas discors — Blue-winged Teal. Mr. Allen noted a bird of this species on Weld pond, October 26, 1884. 140 4. Branta canadensis — Canada Goose. Migrant. || 172 5. Botaurus lentiginosiis — American Bittern. Migrant, t 190 6. Ardetta exilis — Least Bittern. Formerly a summer resident.! 191 7. Ardea herodias — Great Blue Heron. Un- common migrant. II 194 8. Ardea virescens — Green Heron. Summer resident. Known to breed just outside town limits.! 201 9. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius — Night Heron. Abundant summer resident and migrant, rare winter resident.! 202 10. Rallus virginianus — Virginia Rail. Formerly summer resident.! 212 11. Porzana Carolina — Sora. Formerly common summer resident. || 214 12. Fulica americana — American Coot. Mr. Geo. R. Wales shot a single bird on Muddy creek, in Longwood, about 1883. 221 13. Philohela minor — American Woodcock. Mi- grant. [Rare summer resident.!] 228 14. Gallinago delicata — Wilson's Snipe. Uncom- mon fall migrant. || 230 15. Tringa maculata — Pectoral Sandpiper. Un- common fall migrant.t 239 1 6. Tringa minutilla -Least Sandpiper. Three birds taken at Weld pond, May 8, i89o.§il1: 242 17. Totanus flavipes — Yellow-legs. One bird, August, 1888, Weld pond. § 255 1 8. Totanus solitarius — Solitary Sandpiper. Common migrant. || 256 176 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 19. Actitis macularia — Spotted Sandpiper. Mi- grant. [§ Breeding near Weld pond, i888.]§1:t 263 20. Colinus virginianus — Bob White. Perman- ent resident. || 289 21. Bonasa umbellus — Ruffed Grouse. Common permanentresident.il 300 Ectopistes migratorius — Passenger Pigeon. Formerly reported rare migrant.! 315 22. Circus hudsonius — Marsh Hawk. Summer resident.tll 331 23. Accipiter velox — Sharp-shinned Hawk. [t Fairly common summer resident.] Com- mon migrant. II 332 24. Accipiter cooperii — Cooper's Hawk. Summer resident and migrant.f 333 25. Buteo lineatus — Red-shouldered Hawk. Com- mon summer resident and migrant. || 339 26. Buteo latissimus — Broad-winged Hawk. Mi- grant! 343 Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis — Ameri- can Rough-legged Hawk. A single bird was seen only a few hundred yards over the border line in West Roxbury — the bird undoubtedly entered Brookline.§ 347<^ 27. Halioeetus leucocephalus — Bald Eagle. Acci- dental visitant.f 352 28. Falco columbarius-Pigeon Hawk. Migrant. || 29. Falco sparverius — Sparrow Hawk.|| Rare summer resident. [§ Rare migrant.] 360 30. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis — Osprey. Un- common migrant. 364 3 1 . Asio wilsonianus — American Long-eared Owl. Rare, permanent resident.!* 366 32. Syrnium nebulosum — Barred Owl. Rare, permanent resident. || 368 BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. 177 33. Nyctala acadica — Saw-whet Owl. Rare, win- ter visitant. ,72 34. Megascops asio — Screech Owl. Common, permanent resident. |( 373 Nyctea nyctea — Snowy Owl. Accidental vis- itant. Have been reported in upper Brook- Ime.t 376 35. Coccyzus americanus — YelloM^-billed Cuckoo. Commonsummerresident.il 387 36. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus— Black-billed Cuc- koo. Commonsummerresident.il 388 Z7. Cerylealcyon— Belted Kingfisher. Common migrant. II [One record of breeding.^] 390 38. Dryobates villosus — Hairy Woodpecker. Mi- grant. || 393 39. Dryobates pubescens medianus — Downy Woodpecker. Common, permanent resi- dent. II 3c,4 40. Sphyrapicus varius— Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Common migrant. [fOne winter record.] || 41. Melanerpes erythrocephalus — Red-headed Woodpecker. Formerly summer resident in Longwood, at least for one season. || .? 406 42. Colaptes auratus — Flicker. Abundant, per- manent resident. II 412 43. Antrostomus vociferus — Whip-poor-will. Mi- grant. t*l [$ Rare summer resident.] 417 44- Chordeilesvirginianus— Night Hawk. Sum- mer resident and common migrant. || 420 45- Chaetura pelagica — Chimney Swift. Common summer resident. || 423 46. Trochilus colubris — Ruby-throated Humming- bird. Summer resident. || 428 47. Tyrannus tyrannus — Kingbird. Common sum- mer resident. || 444 178 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 48. Myiarchus crinitus — Crested Flycatcher. Sum- mer resident and common migrant. || 452 49. Sayornis phoebe — Phoebe. Summer resident and common migrant. || 456 50. Contopus virens — Wood Pewee. Common summer resident. || 461 5 1 . Empidonax minimus — Least Flycatcher. Common summer resident. || 467 52. Cyanocitta cristata — Blue Jay. Abundant, permanentresident.il 477 S2. Corvus americanus — American Crow. Abun- dant, permanent resident, || 488 54. Dolichonyx oryzivorus — Bobolink. Common summer resident, jj 494 55. Molothrus ater — Cow bird. Common sum- mer resident. || 495 56. Agelaius phoeniceus — Red-winged Blackbird. Common summer resident. || 498 57. Sturnella magna — Meadow Lark. Summer resident. Breeding just outside town limits. 501 58. Icterus galbula — Baltimore Oriole. Abundant summer resident. || 507 59. Scolecophagus carolinus — Rusty Blackbird. Abundant spring and uncommon fall migrant. II 509 60. Quiscalus quiscula a^neus — Bronzed Grackle. Common summer resident. || 51 iZ* 61. Pinicola enucleator — Pine Grosbeak. Com- mon irregular winter visitant. || 515 62. Carpodacus purpureus — Purple Finch. Resi- dent, common migrant, winter visitant. || 517 6^. Loxia curvirostra minor — American Crossbill. Common migrant.! 521 64. Loxia leucoptera — White-winged Crossbill. Rare winter visitant.! 522 BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. I79 65. Acanthis linaria — Redpoll. Common irregu- lar winter visitant. || 528 66. Spinus tristis — American Goldfinch. Abun- dant permanent resident. || 529 6y. Spinus pinus — Pine Siskin. Common winter visitant. II 533 68. Plectrophenax nivalis — Snowflake. Rare winter visitant, Denny's Hill.* 534 69. Poocsetes gramineus — Vesper Sparrow. Sum- mer resident and common migrant. || 540 70. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna — Sa- vanna Sparrow. Common migrant. || 542^ 71. Zonotrichia albicollis — White-throated Spar- row. Common migrant, a few winter. || 558 72. Spizella monticola — Tree Sparrow. Common winter resident. || 559 73. Spizella socialis — Chipping Sparrow. Abun- dant summer resident. || 560 74. Spizella pusilla — Field Sparrow. Summer resi- dent,breeding just outside town limits. I| 563 75. Junco hyemalis — Junco. Abundant migrant and common winter resident. || 567 y6. Melospizafasciata — Song Sparrow. Abundant summer and uncommon winter resident. || 581 77. Melospiza georgiana — Swamp Sparrow. Common migrant and a summer resident. || 584 78. Passerella iliaca — Fox Sparrow. Common ^ migrant. || 585 79. Pipilo erythrophthalmus — Towhee. Summer resident. One winter record, Longw^ood, 1896.11^ 587 80. Zamelodia ludoviciana — Rose-breasted Gros- beak. Commonsummerresident.il 595 l80 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 81. Guiraca caerulea — Blue Grosbeak. One record " of a male taken in Brookline May 29, 1880, by Mr. Gordon Plummer." 597 82. Passerina cyanea — Indigo Bunting. Common summerresident.il 598 83. Passerina ciris — Painted Bunting. One record of a bird taken June 5, 1896. There is a chance, however, of this being an escaped cage bird. til 601 84. Passer domesticus — English Sparrow. An abundant resident. Carduelis carduelis — English Goldfinch. I noted a single bird of this species in com- pany with a few American Goldfinches in May, 1892, in Longwood. There is a chance of this bird being an escaped caged bird, but it is probable that it was one of the Goldfinches or their offspring that were imported to this country not long ago. 85. Piranga erythromelas — Scarlet Tanager. Common summer resident. || 608 86. Progne subis — Purple Martin. Occasional. § 611 ^y. Petrochehdon lunifrons — Cliff Swallow. [§ Occasional.] [|| Formerly a summer resident.] 612 88. Chelidon erythrogastra — Barn Swallow. For- merly common summer resident, now rare summer resident. || 613 89. Tachycineta bicolor — Tree Swallow. Com- mon migrant and summer resident.! 614 90. Clivicola riparia — Bank Swallow. Occa- sional. § 616 91. Ampelis cedrorum — Cedar Wax-wing. Com- mon permanent resident, less common in midwinter. || 619 BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. i8l 92. Laniusborealis — Northern Shrike. Common winterresident.il 521 93- Vireo oHvaceus — Red-eyed Vireo. Abun- dant summer resident. || 624 94. Vireo gilvus — Warbling Vireo. Comnion summerresident.il 627 95. Vireo flavifrons — Yellow-throated Vireo. Common summer resident. || 628 96. Vireo solitarius — Solitary Vireo. Common migrant and uncommon summer resident. 629 97. Vireo noveboracensis — White-eyed Vireo. Uncommon summer resident. 631 98. Mniotiltavaria— Black and White Warbler Common migrant, [f § Summer resident.] || 99. Helminthophila chrysoptera — Golden-winged Warbler. Common migrant. [Summer resident. §] 5 100. Helminthophila rubricapilla— Nashville Warb- ler. Common migrant. [Summer resi- ^ de^t-§]ll . 645 loi. Compsothlypis americana usne^e — Parula Warbler. Abundant migrant. || 648 102. Dendroica ^estiva — Yellow Warbler. Abun- dant summer resident. || 652 103. Dendroica c^erulescens — Black-throated Blue Warbler. Common migrant. || 654 104. Dendroica coronata — Myrtle Warbler. Abun- dant migrant. [Rare winter resident. §] || 105. Dendroica maculosa — MagnoHa Warmer Common migrant. || 657 106. Dendroica pensylvanica — Chestnut -sided VVarbler. Common summer resident and abundant migrant. || ^rg 1 82 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 107. Dendroica striata — Black-poll Warbler. Com- mon spring and abundant fall migrant. || 661 108. Dendroica blackburniae — Blackburnian War- bler. Uncommon migrant. 662 109. Dendroica virens — Black-throated Green War- bler. Common summer resident and abun- dant migrant. II 667 no. Dendroica vigorsii — Pine Warbler. Common migrant. [Summer resident. §]|| 671 111. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea — Yellow Palm Warbler. Common migrant.! 672^ 112. Dendroica discolor — Prairie Warbler. Un- common migrant. [Summer resident. §] 673 113. Seiurus aurocapillus — Oven Bird. Abundant summer resident. || 674 1 1 4. Seiurus noveboracensis — Water Thrush. Com- mon migrant. || 675 115. Geothlypis agilis — Connecticut Warbler. Rare fall migrant. || 678 116. Geothlypis trichas — Maryland Yellow-throat. Common summer resident. || 681 117. Icteria virens — Yellow-breasted Chat. One bird. 1890. § 683 118. Sylvania pusilla — Wilson's Warbler. Mi- grant. § 685 119. Sylvania canadensis — Canadian Warbler. Common migrant and local summer resi- dent. II ^ _ 686 120. Setophaga ruticilla — Redstart. Abundant summer resident. || 687 121. Anthus pensilvanicus — American Pipit. Com- mon fall and spring migrant. |§ 697 122. Galeoscoptes carolinensis — Cat-bird. Abun- dant summer resident. || 704 123. Harporhynchus rufus — Brown Thrasher. Com- mon migrant. Breeding just outside of town limits. || 705 BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. I83 124. Troglodytes aedon — House Wren. Local summer resident.! 721 125. Troglodytes hiemalis — Winter Wren. Rare migrant. One winter record. || 722 126. Cistothorus palustris — Long-billed Marsh Wren. I [Formerly common summer resi- dent. Old Brookline marsh, now Leverett pond.t] 725 127. Certhia familiaris americana — Brown Creep- er. Common winter resident. || 726 128. Sitta carolinensis — White-breasted Nuthatch. Common winter resident and rare summer resident. || 727 129. Sitta canadensis — Red-breasted Nuthatch. Common migrant. || 728 130. Parus atricapillus — Chickadee. Abundant permanent resident. Ii 735 131. Regulus satrapa — Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common winter resident. !| 748 132. Regulus calendula — Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common migrant. || 749 133. Polioptila caerulea — Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. One bird taken September 8, i887.§ 751 134. Turdus mustelinus — Wood Thrush. Common summer resident. 755 135. Turdus fuscescens — Wilson's Thrush. Com- mon summer resident. 756 136. Turdus ustulatus swainsonii — Olive-backed Thrush. Common migi'ant.li 758^ 137. Turdus aonalaschkae pallasii — Hermit Thrush. Common migrant. || 759^ 138. Merula migratoria — Robin. Abundant sum- mer resident and uncommon winter resi- ^ dentil 761 139. Sialia sialis — Blue-bird. Common summer resident until severe winter of 1895. Now regaining numbers. || 667 184 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. SUMMARY. Species that have been noted within the town limits of Brookline by six observers since 1880, 139 ; species that breed within the town Umits, 70 ; species that formerly bred within the town limits, 9 ; species noted in the Hall's pond region by three observers since about 1880, 100; species that breed within the Hall's pond region, 21 ; species that bred formerly within the Hall's pond region, 5. Species that I have not noted, but which have been observed by Mr. Kennard, are indicated by a t ; by Mr. Shattuck, by a * ; by Mr. Greenough, by a $ ; by Mr. Reagh, by a §, and species that have no observer's mark following them I have noted, as have others in many instances. Species indicated by a II have been noted in the Hall's pond (formerly Swallow pond) region (in Longwood), a wonderful rus in iirbe for birds. Figures at the end of each paragraph indicate the American Ornithologists' Union check-list number. LIST OF GRANTEES, 1635-48. Note.— Where no date is given the grant was made in tlie great allotment of January, 1636-7. Alcock, Thomas, "his great allotment." 1636. Aronsby, Edmund, great lot 3 heads. 1638. Arratt, John, "great allotment." 1636. Arratt, John, 10 acres. Atkinson, Theodore, great lot 2 heads. 1640. Bayter, George, 15 acres. Beamsly, William, 16 acres. Becke, Alexander, 8 acres. Belchar, Edward, "great allotment." 1636. Bendall, Edward, 35 acres. Biggs, John, 8 acres. Blackstone, William, 15 acres. Blanton, William, carpenter, great lot 3 heads. 1639. Bourne, Jarratt, 8 acres. Bowen, Gryffen, great lot. 1639. Browne, Edward, 8 acres. Bulgar, Richard, 20 acres. Burchall, Henry, 15 acres. Bushnall, Francis, 24 acres. Buttles, Leonard, bricklayer, great lot 4 heads. 1639. Colborne, Mr. William, " his proportion of ground for a farm .... near unto and about his house." 1635. Coulborne, Mr. William, 150 acres. Coulborne, Mr. William, 10 acres marsh. Coulbron, Mr. William, fresh meadow. 1639. Cotton, Mr. John, "a sufficient allotment for a farm." 1635- Cotton, Mr. John, " all that ground lying between the two brooks." 1636. 1 86 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Cotton, Mr. John, 250 acres. Courser, William, 10 acres. Cramme, John, 16 acres. Cranwell, John, 10 acres. Curtys, George, great lot 2 heads. 1639. Davisse, James, 10 acres. Day, Mr. Wentworth, 100 acres. 1641. Deming, William, 10 acres. Dominqe, William, "great allotment." 1636. Dyneley, William, 24 acres. EHot, Jacob, "swamp that joineth to his allotment." 1648. Elkyn, Henry, 8 acres. Fairbancke, Richard, 24 acres. Fitch, James and Richard, 16 acres. Fletcher, Edward, great lot 3 heads. 1640. Flint, Mr. Thomas, 24 acres marsh. 1636. Griggs, George, 28 acres. Grosse, Edward, lot 2 heads. 1640. Grosse, Isaac, "great allotment." 1636. Grosse, Isaack, 50 acres. Harker, Anthony, 8 acres. Heaton, Nathaniel, 20 acres. Hibbins, William, 300 acres. 1640. Hibbins, William, 10 acres. 1640. Hollidge, Richard, great lot 3 heads. 1639. Houlton, Robert, 16 acres. Hudson, William, the younger, great lot 3 heads. 1638. Hull, Robert, "great allotment." 1636. Ines, Mathew, 8 acres. Inge, Mawdit, great lot 3 heads. 1638. LIST OF GRANTEES. 1 87 Jackson, Edmund, 8 acres. Johnson, James, 8 acres. Kenricke, John, great lot 4 heads. 1639. Leveritt, John, great lot 10 heads. 1639. Leveritt, Thomas, [his] proportion. 1635. Leveritt, Mr. Thomas, 100 acres. Leveritt, Mr. Thomas, 15 acres marsh. Love, John, " house plot and great lot." 1637. Mason, Ralph, great lot 6 heads. 1637. Mears, Robert, 20 acres. Messenger, Henry, great lot 2 heads. 1639. Mylam, John, 14 acres. Offley, David, great lot 15 heads. 1639. Oliver, James, 40 acres. 1640. Oliver, Peter, 60 acres. 1640. Oliver, Thomas, loo acres. Oliver, Mr. Thomas, 1 5 acres marsh. Ollyver, Mr. Thomas, [his] proportion. 1635. Olyvar, Mr. Thomas, fresh meadow. 1639. Ormesby, Anne, 8 acres. Painter, Thomas, joiner, great lot 4 heads. 1639. Pell, William, 25 acres. Pemmerton, John, 8 acres. Perry, Isaac, house plot and great lot 2 heads. 1637. Pormont, Philemon, 30 acres. Purton, Elizabeth, 8 acres. Reade, Esdras, a tailor, great lot 4 heads. 1638. Reade, Robert, 8 acres. Reynolds, Robert, 25 acres. Route, Raphe, 12 acres. Salter, William, 8 acres. Saunders, Silvester, great lot 2 heads. 1637. 1 88 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Savage, Thomas, 7 acres marsh. 1636. Scottoe, Joshua, great lot 3 heads. 1639. Scottoe, Thomas, "great lot 3 heads." 1637. Scottoe, Thomas, great lot 5 heads. 1639. Scottua, Thomas, small quantity. 1641. Scottua, Thomasyn, 16 acres. Sherman, Richard, great lot 7 heads. 1639. Smyth, John, tailor, great lot 3 heads. 1639. Snow, Thomas, 10 acres. Snowe, Thomas, "great allotment." 1636. Talmadge, William, "great allotment." 1636. Talmadge, William, 15 acres. Tappin, Richard, 24 acres. Tinge, Mr. William, 500 acres. 1638. Ting, Mr. William, 100 acres more. 1639. Townsend, William, 8 acres. Turner, Robert, 10 acres. Turner, our brother, land. 1641. Tytus, Robert, 20 acres. Underbill, Captain, "great allotment of 80 acres." 1636. Underbill, Captain John, 4 score acres. Walker, Robert, 14 acres. Walker, Robert, 5 acres marsh. Ward, Benjamin, 12 acres. Wardall, Thomas, 20 acres. Wheeler, Thomas, "great allotment." 1636. Wheeler, Thomas, great lot 3 heads. 1630. Wilson, Jacob, great lot 3 heads. 1638. Wilson, William, 12 acres. Winchester, Alexander, 20 acres. Wing, Robert, great lot 4 heads. 1639. Woodward, Nathaniel, the elder, 28 acres. Woodward, Nathaniel, great lot 3 heads. 1639. BROOKLINE CITIZENS IN 1679. The Names of the Male Persons, Living at Muddy River (within the Township of Bos- ton) WHO have taken the Oath of Allegiance. [21ST April, 1679.] Eclwd Devotion John Devotion Rob* Grandy John Parker Sen^" John Parker Jun'«" John Winchesf Jun^ Tho : Woodward Sen^ Thorn : Woodward Jun^ Peter Aspinwall Samll Aspinwall James Pemberton Joseph Pemberton Michael Raseford Tho : Gardin"^ Sen^ Andrew Gardin^ Tho : Gardinr Junr Joshua Gardini" Caleb Gardinr Ri : Woolf ar Christo Pigott John Jennison John Ackors Edw : Chamberlyn Jacob Chamberlyn Dorman Morean Isaac Heath Jun^ Isaac Heath Senior Jno Winchestr Senr Ebenezr Hudson Rosamond Drue Clement Corbin labesh Buckmaster Jno Kelton Jno Hubbard Edwd Kubey Joshua Kubey Sam : Clarke John Clarke George Bersto Jno White Sen^ Benjn white Jno White Jun^ Joseph White Jno Clarke Uriah Clarke Tho : Kelton Tho: Boyleston Mathew Preist Tho : Kelton Tho : Boyleston Henr}' Segar William Willis 190 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. Sam : Duncam John Griggs Joseph Davis Edw^ Cooke Rob<^ Harris Tho Steadman Timo Harris Jno Sanall Danil Harris Jno Stebbins . John Harris Simon Gates — \_Fro?7i the manuscript ^'Record of the Suffolk County Court, 1671-80,'''' notu in the Boston AthencEuin. FOUNDERS OF THE CHURCH, 1717, As given by Dr. Pierce. i. James Allen, Pastor elect, ii. Thomas Gardner, Deacon, iii. John Winchester, iv. Joseph White, V. Josiah Winchester, vi. Samuel Sewall, vii. William Story, viii. Joseph Goddard, ix. Thomas Stedman, X. Joshua Stedman, xi. John Winchester, son of iii., xii. Caleb Gardner, son of ii., xiii. Benjamin White, Deacon, son of .iv., xiv. Samuel White, son of iv., XV. Amos Gates, xvi. Ebenezer Kenrick, xvii. Addington Gardner. SISTERS. xviii. Mary Gardner, wife of ii., xix. Joanna Winchester, wife of iii., XX. Hannah White, wife of iv., xxi. Mary Winchester, wife of v., xxii. Mary Boylston, xxiii. Sarah Stedman, xxiv. Desire Ackers, XXV. Hannah Stedman, xxvi. Rebecca Sewall, wife of vi., xxvii. Abigail Stor>% xxviii. Mary Stedman, 192 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. xxix. Sarah Winchester, XXX. Abiel Gardner, xxxi. Ann White, wife of xiv., xxxii. Hannah Kenrick, xxxiii. Tryphena Woodward, xxxiv. Eunice Clark, XXXV. Mary Gardner, xxxvi. Susanna Gardner, xxxvii. EUsabeth Boylston, xxxviii. EUsabeth Taylor, xxxix. Frances Winchester. PEWS DISPOSED OF APRIL 29, lyii 1. Samuel Sewall, ii. John Winchester, sen., iii. Capt. Samuel Aspinwall, iv. Lieut. Thomas Gardner, V. John Seaver, vi. John Druce, vii. Joseph Gardner, viii. Josiah Winchester, sen., ix. Thomas Stedman, X. William Sharp, xi. Ensign Benjamin White, xii. Benjamin White, jun., xiii. Peter Boylston, xiv. Ministerial pew. SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR. A List of Brookline Men who were in the Army and Navy During the War of the Rebellion. This list is intended to include the name of every man engaged on the Northern side who lived in the town from 1861 to 1865, or who could fairly be called "a Brookline boy" by birth or education. It is perhaps too much to hope that the list is entirely free from errors or omissions, since the original records give in each case the town enlisted from, rather than the residence. ARMY. Daniel D. Adams, Alonzo Bowman, George Adams, George C. Burrill, Edward F. Allen, Edward C. Cabot, George E. Archer, Louis Cabot, D. W. Atkinson, William L. Candler, George A. Bailey, Charles D. Gates, Pascal Barrel, Jr., Michael Campbell, Herbert S. Barlow, Michael Canty, Benjamin F. Baxter, Edward A. Chamberlin, J. Nelson Bogman, George B. Chamberlin, Robert Bowes, J. H. Chamberlin, Wilham Bowes, Charles L. Chandler, 194 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Burnham C. Clark, John W. Clark, Charles G. Colbath, William B. Cowan, Casper Crowninshield, Bartholomew Cusick, John B. Cusick, Thomas J. Cusick, James A. Dale, P. Stearns Davis, Samuel Dean, G. F. Dearborn, Fred Dexter, Thomas Dillon, Thomas Divine, Charles Dwight, Howard Dwight, Wilder Dwight, William Dwight, Jr., Charles A. Dwyer, Horace N. Fisher. John Herbert Fisher, Frank Fitz, Joseph W. Funk, George W^ Funk, Patrick Gallagher, J. Frank Getchell, Louis G. Getchell, Luther H. Gilman, Warren H. Gilson, William Goddard, Charles E. Griswold, William Gregory, Willard Y. Gross, Charles O. Hallett, Llewellyn Ham, William F. Hall, John C. Hard}', Nathaniel P. Harris, Frank E. Howe, Elisha A. Jacobs, William H. Jameson, Arthur Kemp, John D. Kelly, Malcolm G. Kittredge, Alonzo B. Langley, John Lawton, R. C. Lincoln, William E. Long, Theodore Lj^man, John Lynch, Michael Lynch, Thomas Maloney, Charles E. Maynard, Charles B. McCausland, John McEttrick, Michael McGrath, Charles Mcintosh, Frank H. Mcintosh, Frederick H. Mellen, Jacob Miller, Michael P. Mulrey, Mark B. Mulvy, Robert Murray, William Nichols, William W. O'Connell, Henry Orcutt, Mears Orcutt, Charles L. Perry, Edward S. Perry, Julius A. Phelps, Albert A. Pope, George Pope, Thomas Quinlan, SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR. 195 Hiram P. Ring, Edward B. Richardson, George P. Richardson, James M. Richardson, Spencer W. Richardson, WiUiam C. Richardson, William E. Richardson, James F. Robinson, George R. Rogers, Charles E. Rollins, George M. Rollins, Edmund Russell, Charles S. Sargent, Aug. N. Sampson, Daniel Sawyer, Frank H. Scudder, Henry B. Scudder, WiUiam B. Sears, Edward N. Selfridge, Mark Wentworth Sheaf e, Wilham (?) Sherriff, Carleton A. Shurtleff, Daniel W. Simpson, James W. Sinclair, George A. Slack, Charles C. Soule, George T. Stearns, James P. Stearns, Lyman P. Stephens, George Stoddard, George H. Stone, H. V. D. Stone, J. Kent Stone, John Sweeney, Clarence H. Thayer, John Gorham Thayer, Theodore Thayer, Enoch Thomas, Matthew Towle, Charles Townsend, Thaddeus J. Townsend, Wm. Henry Trowbridge, Joseph Turner, Fergus B. Turner, Osavius Verney, E. Clifford Walker, W. H. Warren, Augustus Waterman, J. H. Wellman, W. L. Wellman, Thomas Whalen, William H. White, Horace C. Whitfield, B, F. Whitehouse, C. H. Whitney, J. H. Whitney, Edward A. Wild, Burt Green Wilder, Alfred Winsor, Jr., Gershom C. Winsor, James C. Withington, John C. Withington, Horace P. Williams, John S. Woods. John S. G. Aspinwall, Charles L. Bixby, XAVY. Danforth, Terrance Gallagher, 196 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Joseph F. Green, Winslow L. Hallett, Frederic Hutchers, Samuel G. Lamson, D. F. Lincoln, Patrick Linney, Stephen Longfellow, Patrick Mitchell, John O'Dea, Charles B. Pine, Thomas O. Selfridge, Thomas O. Selfridge, George G. Stoddard, George Treadwell, Henry W. Wells. Jr. COMMISSIONERS OF PLANTATIONS. Edward S. Philbrick, Richard Soule, Jr. Names of Men now in Brookline who Served FROM Other Places in the Civil War. ARMY. John H. Allen, George L. Andrews, Francis H. Bacon, Erastus Blakeslee, Watts H. Bowker, John Carleton, James W. Cartwright, James Cass, Amasa Clark, Thomas W. Clements, John Coffey, William C. Cotter, Ira B. Gushing, Willard E. Daggett, Henry C. Dimond, Charles H. Drew, Samuel W. Duncan, Dana Estes, William Finney, Arthur Finnegan, Charles G. Fowler, Henry T. Hall, Joseph W. Hall, Charles D. Hammer, Charles E. Hapgood, David I. Harmon, George E. Henry, C. E. Hicks, Eben W. Hilton, Charles A. Hopkins, Charles W. Kellogg, Henry K. Langdon, Augustus S. Lovett, Henry S. Macomber, Bernard Malone, John Knox Marshall, SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR. 197 Albert Mason, Alfred McKenna, George W. Moore, James S. Newell, Castelly O. Norcross, Phillip A. Nordell, Henry K. Paine, Isaac Paine, Prince A. Phinney, Charles A. Pons, William Pree, Andrew Robeson, George R. Rogers, L. Frederick Rice, Alfred G. Sanborn, William B. Sears, Charles J. Seymour, William P. Shreve, William M. Snow, Archibald Starkweather, Edward Steese, Charles Storrow, William Stowe, Thomas H. Talbot, John A. Vining, William B. Webber. NAVY. George E. Belknap, John Cook, Samuel D. Edwards, Jeremiah Hayes, Edward Holloran, Cornelius Shannon, Francis H. Swan, WilUam W. Swan. POST OFFICE. A post office in Brookline was established in 1829. POSTMASTERS. First. Oliver Whyte, appointed in 1829. Second. Stephen S. C. Jones, appointed in 1845. Third. James M. Seamans, appointed Jan. i, 1851. Fourth. Clark S. Bixby, appointed in 1852. Fifth. Alexander H. Clapp, appointed June 30,1855. Sixth. John McCormack, appointed Dec. 12, 1858. Seventh. Cyrus W. Ruggles, appointed Sept. 30, 1865. The office became a branch of the Boston office in 1883. Isley M. Fogerty was appointed superintendent November i, 1887. The account books kept by Mr. Whyte are now in the Brookline Public Library, PUBLIC LIBRARY TRUSTEES. With the Years of Appointment. Abbott, John C, 1867-70. Amory, Robert, 1871-76. Aspinwall, William, 1858-74, 1878-92. Atkinson, Edward, 1857. Baker, Benjamin F., 1857-73, 1879- Bartlett, James, 1857, Bowditch, William I., 1857-61, 1867-71. Brown, Howard N., 1876-95. Cabot, Edward C, 1870-73. Candage, R. G. F., 1871- Candler, John W., 1864-72. Chandler, Alfred D., 1874-76. Chandler, Theophilus P., 1857-65. Codman, James M., 1874-87, 1892- Cotting, Charles U., 1863-70. Cummings, Prentiss, 1895- Dana, Edward A., 1857-58, 1865-68. Davis, Robert S., 1872-74. Diman, J. Lewis, 1863-64. Drew, Charles H., 1875- Dupee, James A., 1858, 1862. Emerson, Elijah C, 1859-69. Farley, James P., Jr., 1877-79. Fay, Clement K., 1875-77. FitzGerald, Desmond, 1887- Francis, Tappan E., 18S0- Gardner, John L., 1871 (declined). Haseltine, William B., 1880-94. Head, Charles D., 1866-89. Hedge, Frederic H., 1857-63 (1S64 declined). Hoar, J. Emory, 1895- 200 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. Homer, George F., 1858-74. Hovey, Edward C, 1888-92. Howe, James M., 1857-62. Lamson, William, 1864-75. Lawrence, Amos A., 1857-62. Parsons, Thomas, 1857-86. Philbrick, William D., 1863-65. Poor, Henry V., 1876-78. Shedd, J. Herbert, 1864. Shurtleff, Augustine, 1869- Soule, Charles C, 1888- Stanwood, Edward, 1892- Stearns, Marshal, 1857. Storrs, Leonard K., 1889- Talbot, Thomas H., 1879. Towle, George M., 1873-87. Turner, John N., 1857-63, Wellman, William A., 1859-63. Wells, John, 1875. Whitney, Henry M., 1877-78. INDEX. See also Grantees, pp. 185-188; Soldiers in the Civil War, pp. i93-i97: List of PubUc Library Trustees, pp. i99, 200. Abbott, JohnC. • .'• Ackers family . . ■ • Ackers, Desire . . • • Ackors, John .... Adams, Hannah . . . sketch of . • • • Isaac President John . • dinner party for Addicks,F. P Addison, Rev. D. D. Administration . . • Ager, Rev. J.C. . • • Allen, Augustus . . • F. H Page , . 78 . • 31 . .191 . . 189 . . 51 . . 93 . .113 . . 25 . . 29 ■ .144 ■ • 144 . . 88 . .149 . .158 . .174 Rev. James .... 21, 92, 191 salary 22 and Whitefield 23 All Saints I44 Allyn, H. A. 162 Amory, James S. • • • • 78, I43 Robert 78,103 Andrews, George L. ... 60, 196 Annexation attempts . • • 76-82 Archibald, Rev. W. E. ... i55 Architects 107-109 Arlington, Va 67 Army, men in i93) 196 Art 91 Arthur, A. S 104 Artists 104 works of 105 Aspinwall family 26 Page Aspinwall, AUcia 103 Augustus 141 Peter 189 Samuell 189, 192 Thomas 47 Lieut. Col. Thomas ... 53 Dr. William . . . .37,46,143 Hon. William 73 sketch of 58 war committee 60 Aspinwall avenue .... 26, 142 Aspinwall Hill 9, i3 Atkinson, Edward 102 pledges money for civil war 74 WilUam P 116 Atwood, Isaac R 125 Auburn street 26 Authors 91 Babcockfarm 27 Babcock Hill 9, i3 Bacon, Francis H 196 Baker, B. F 126, 136 describes early library . 124 Baltimore, 1861 64 Baptism ^34 Baptists 133 Baptist church i33 deacons 3° Barbour, Rev. T. S 136 Barlow, Herbert, his letters 63-70 his death 72 2o: INDEX. Barnard, Governor, a refugee 43 Bath-house 85 inscriptions 87 Bartlett, B. Frank 159 James 6o Beaconsfield terraces .... 88 Beacon street 10, 14 laid out 55-57 cost of boulevard • • • 57 Bean, Mary A 127 Belknap, George E 197 Bell 133 Bellows, Rev. John N. . . 116, 117 Bent, S. Arthur 103 Bersto, George 1S9 Bethany building .... 137, 150 Biddle, Rev. C. W 155 Binney, C.S.F 129 Birds, list of 173 Bishop, Robert 86 Bixby, C. S 198 Blake, Mrs. A. W 105, 106 Francis 109 George B 'jt^ offer 60 at news of Bull Run . . 72 George S log Blake transmitter 109 Blakeslee, Erastus 196 Mrs. Erastus 103 Blaney, Dwight 105 Blodgett, Mabel F 103 Blow, Susan E 102 Bolton, Charles K 127 Boston & Albany circuit ... 13 Boston and Brookline petitions 16 Boston & Worcester railroad, Brookline branch opened . 55 Boston basin, geology of . . . 163 Boston commons 16 Boston neck 12 Botany 169 Bowditch, W. I. . . .102,105,128 Bowker, Watts H 196 Bowman, Alonzo .... 15S, 193 Boylston family 25,26 Boylston, Dudley, Jr., secedes 23 Ehsabeth 192 Mary 191 her gift 47 Peter 25, 192 Dr. Thomas 25 Dr. Zabdiel 25 Boylston place 28 Boylston street, laid out • • • 54 Bradlee, Rev. CD 157 Bradley's Hill 54 Brackett, Annie L 129 Rev. J.B 136 Braislin, Rev. Edward . ... 136 Brewer, A. G 152 Brick yards 83 Bridge in 1634-5 12 Brighton ■ Si Brighton road 13 Brighton street 27 Brodbeck, Rev. W. N. . . 151, 154 Brooklin, Sewall's farm ... 17 Brookline, a pivotal point . . 12 attempts to be free from Boston 16 as seen from Boston ... 9 Education society . . . .119 first mentioned 91 how favored 88, 90 in 1660 15 in 1675 15 in 1700 19 in 1S50 169 fire engine 160 origin of the name ... 17, 83 petition, 1686 16 Brookline village, geology . . 165 Brooks, George 137 Brown, Rev. Cotton 21 Brown, Rev. Howard N. . . .132 INDEX. 203 Buckmaster, labesh 189 Buckminster family . . . . 31, 95 Buckminster, Rev. J. S. . . . 94 Budd's Ferry 69 Bull Run, battle of .... 65-67 news of 72 Burgess, James M 152 Burne-Jones, window .... 145 Cabot 32 Edward C 193 Hon. George 52 J. Elliot 102 Louis 193 Cambridge 64 Cambridge road 12, 13 Camp Banks 65 Candage, R. G. F. . .102,117,137 Candler, Hon. John W. ... 62 William L 61, 143, 193 sketch of 62 marriage 63 on the Potomac .... 70 Carpenter, Rev. C. C 139 Cassier, Louis 104 Catholics 146 Center, geographical and social 19 Chadbourne, William .... 143 Challenge 64 Chamberlyn,Edw 189 Jacob 189 Chandler, Alfred D. . . . 63, 103 and annexation . . . 76-82 Charles L 61 sketch of 62 helps capture schooner . 70 Theophilus P. . . .62,78,129 Channing, Walter 103 Chapin house 43 Chase, Ellen 39 H. Lincoln .... 86, 103, 136 Henry S 142, 143 Sarah L 143 Chase, Col. W. L 102 Chase's express 123 Chauncy Hall school .... 121 Chesapeake and Shannon . . 52 Chestnut Hill, geology . . . .165 Chestnut Hill avenue . . .27,31 Chestnut street 29 Choate, Rufus 115 Christ's church 156 Chronicle 104 Church, founders 191 Church history 130 Church of Our Saviour ... 144 Church of the New Jerusalem 149 Church. See also Meeting- house. Citizens in 1679 190 Civil war 59 men furnished 74 money spent 75 men in 193 Clapp, A. H 198 Clark family 29 Clark, Bishop 141 Amasa 196 James and Elinor, their home 29 Eunice 192 Deacon Samuel, built meet- ing-house 29 Misses Sarah and Susan . 29 Clark house 29 Clarke, John 189 Samuel i8g Uriah 189 Classical school 121 Clay beds 167 Clements, T. W 196 Clough, George A 152 Cobb, Henry Ives 109 Coborn, John 42 Codman, Henry S 106 James M 106 204 INDEX. Codman, Philip io6 Coffin, Charles Carleton . . . loi Isaac ii6 Colman, Samuel 104, 117 Colonial BrookHne 19 Columbia College 2Q Committee of twenty .... 88 Company A. mustered in . . 61 captures a schooner . . 70 Compasses no Conglomerate ledges .... 164 Conklin, Rev. Charles . . . .154 Conway, Will 67 Cooke, Edward 190 Coolidge, David 134 Mrs. J. R 105 Corbin, Clement 1S9 Corey family 30, 136 Corey, A. W 159 Elijah 30, 121, 134 Elijah, Jr 134 Timothy . . . ,30,53,121,134 Corey Hill 9, 13, 18 Cotton, Rev. John 91 his land 10 W.C 106 Cotton estate 26, 27 Country-house population . . 19 County, Suffolk, Norfolk . . S5 Cousens, John E 155 Oliver 126 Cox, Wm. E 105 Craft, Caleb 47 Ebenezer 31, loS Griffin 28 Craft house, 1709 31 Crofts, Lieutenant 160 Crosby, W.0 163 Cruft, Rev. S. B 156 Cummings, Emma G 169 Prentiss 103 Cushman, Rev. H. E 155 Cutts, H. M 105 Cypress street 10 Daggett, Willard E 196 Dana house 23 Daniels, D.H 119 Davenport 32 Davis family 12,27,136 origin 30 B. B 129 Ebenezer 27 his land 27 Joseph 190 General P. Stearns .... 27 Robert S 27, 53, 98, 12S Sarah 137 Hon. Thomas A 27 Dean, S. W 104 Dearborn, General 121 G. F 159 Debt, in 1S97 89 Dedham court-house .... 85 Denny's Hill 173 Devotion, Edward 189 his home 27 bequest to the schools . 28 Devotion school 28 Devotion, John 189 his land 27 Dewing, Rev. C. S 155 Diman, Rev. J. L 101,138 Dimond, Henry C 196 Dodge, Col. T. A 102 Dover street 12 Drew, Charles H 196 Erozomon 189 Driscoll, James 148 Michael 148 Driver, Rev. Joseph 134 Druce 31 John 192 Drumlins 165 Dudley, Joseph 17, 20 Duncan, Christopher . . . .115 INDEX. 205 Duncan, Samuel 190 Dupee, James A 128 war committee 60 Dutton, Samuel T, . 103, 119, 120 Dwight, Wilder 60 service and death ... 61 Edgerly, Miss Martha W. . • 86 Edward Devotion school • • 28 Eldredge, W. A i74 Electric cars 57 Eliot 17 the apostle 12 Charles 106 Ellery, Harrison 103 Emerson, Charles 115 George B 102, 121 R. W 115 Enlisting 46, 60 Episcopalians 141 Estates 54 Estes, Dana 103, 196 Eustis, Mrs. H. L 105 Farming in 1778 44 Farnsworth, Frederic T. . 116, 120 Farrington, Isaac, Jr 126 Favored 9° Fay, Harrison 143 Fighting and marching ... 68 Fine-money 47 Finotti, Rev. J. M 146 Fire department 160 First Parish 130 quit-claim deed to . . . 21 Fisher, Horace N 194 Fisher Hill 9, 28 Fishing tackle no FitzGerald, Desmond . . 102, 105 Flag, rebel 69 Flanders, R. A 152 Fleming, John F 87 Flowers 98 Flowers, wild 171 Floyd, Edward E., Jr. ... . 143 LilaG 143 Fogerty, Isley M 19S Fort, Indian 14 Fort Erie 53 Foster, C. H. W 105 Mrs. CO 105 Founders of the church . . .191 Fowler, Charles H 153 Francis, Ebenezer 121 Dr. Tappan E. . . 78, 117, 129 in the civil war 72 Fuller, Horace W 103 Gardiner, Andrew 1S9 C.P 105 Caleb 189 Joshua 189 Thomas 189 Gardner family 26 Gardner, Deacon 46 Abiel 192 Addington 191 Caleb 191 Isaac 26 his home 27 Isaac S 52 John L 78 Mrs. John L 105 John L., Sr 128 Joseph 192 Mary 192 Nathaniel, his house ... 42 Susanna 192 Colonel Thomas 27 Thomas 191, 192 See also Gardiner. Gardner hall 128 Gardner road 10 Garrison house 29 Gates, Amos 191 Simon 190 206 INDEX. Geddes, James, Jr 103 Geology 163 George, Andrew J 103 Glacial action, results of . 167, 16S Gibbs, Emery B 137 Gifford, Rev. O. P 136 Gifts to Public Library . . . 12S Gill, Joshua 154 Goddard, Abijah W. ... 52, 12S John 25 Joseph 5^, 191 Samuel A 102 Rev. Warren, Jr 149 \Mlliam 25 William D 60 Goddard avenue 25 Goddard family 25, 26 Goddard hall 155 Gore, Mr 17 Government 88 Grandy, Robert 189 Grant, General U. S -jt^ Grantees 185 Grants, number of n Grants of land to : Rev. John Cotton .... 10 Robert Hull 10 Peter Oliver n Thomas Scottow n Gravel 168 Green, Joseph F 196 Green, first village 22 Greenough, H. V 174 Gridley, Jeremy 93 his home 42 attorney general .... 51 Griggs family . . . 12, 28, 30, 136 Griggs, Elizabeth 30 Helen M 137 Ichabod 28 John 190 Samuel, his home 28 Thomas 53, 134 Gross, W. Y 73, 194 Guild block 61 Hale, Rev. Harris G 141 Hales map iS Hall, Edward 126 Elisha, Jr 125, 126 Joseph W 196 Martin L 128, 140 Prescott F 103 Thomas B 60 Hall's pond 167, 1S4 Hand, James B 86 Hapgood, C. E 196 Harding, Chester 95 Harris, Daniel 190 John 190 Robert 190 his home 29 Timothy 190 Rev. William 29 Harrison place 146 Harvard church 137 Harvard street ... 10, 26, 2S-30 Haskell, Eben 126 Haven, Rev. Gilbert . 150, 151, 153 Rev. Joseph, Jr 138 Rev. W. 1 151-154 Hayward, Rev. T. B 149 Head, Charles D 129 on annexation 79 Heath 32 Heath, Anne and Susan • • . 54 Ebenezer 53 Isaac 189 Heath street 13 Hedge, Frederic H. . . . loi, 132 Henderson, Ernest F 103 Higginson, Stephen 94 Col. T. W., in Brookline . 97 High school, established . . .115 masters 116 second building . . . . 117 INDEX. 207 High school.third building 117,118 High street 149 Hill, Jeremiah 12S Hillard, George S 115 Hills 166 Hinkley, Rev. Willard H. . .149 Hoar, J. Emory . . .116, 119, 127 Hobbs, Marland C 143 Hogs-coat S3 Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co, . no Hopkins, C. A 196 Horton, Rev. William .... 141 Hose-house 159 Howe, Col. Frank 74 H. S 105, 106 James Murray . . .60, -jt,^ 128 John 129 his land-warrant .... 59 Rev. Reginald H 145 Reginald H., Jr. ... 103, 173 Howes, Osborne 103 Hubbard, Rev, James M. . .156 John 189 Hudson, Ebenezer 189 Hull, John 10 Robert, his land 10 Hulton, Henry, account of 41, 42 his house 50 Humphrey, W. F 143 Huntington avenue 12 cars on 58 Hutchinson, Chief Justice . . 51 W. H 104 Hyslop family 28 Hyslop, David 28 his dinner party for President Adams . . 29 William 28 Indian fort 14 Indians 91 Ingersoll, Mrs 129 Jackson, a loyalist 41 Rev, Joseph 21,42 his character 24 Jameson, Wm, H 12S Jennison, John 189 Johnson, Eastman, portrait of Dwight 61 G. H 162 Jones, Moses 16^ S.S.C 198 Jordan, E. D 105, 106 Josselj-n, John, quoted .... 15 Kellogg, C. W 196 Kelton, John 1S9 Thomas 189 Kendrick 32 Kendrick, Ebenezer, secedes . 23 Kennard, Frederick H. . , .174 Hon, M. P 103 Kenrick, Alfred, Jr. . . . 161, 162 Ebenezer 191 Hannah 192 Kenrick Brothers • 87 Kent street 72, 146 Grant visits on . . . . y^ Kibbey. See Kubey. King, Captain 43 King Phihp's war 26 King & Hodge 87 Kingman, Bradford . . . 102, 104 Kitson, Theo Ruggles ... 105 Knapp, E. R 88 Rev. F. N 130, 131 Kubey, Edward 189 Joshua i8g Lafayette in Brookhne . • ■ . S3 Lamb, Rev. P. F 147 Lamson, Rev. William . • . . 135 Landscape architects .... 106 Lawrence, Amos 145 Amos A 73,78,145 208 INDEX. Lawrence, F. W 84 William 102 William R 145 Lectures in Brookline • . . .115 Lee, Mrs. Eliza B. • . . 15, 95-97 Henry, his house 25 Thomas 96 Leeds, John 123 Leonard, W. G 154 Letters 63-70 Leverett pond 183 Leyden church 141 Libraries 123 Library, Public. See Public Library. Life in 1763 32 Lincoln, Abraham, letter from ']■}) R. C 194 William 129 Literature 91 Littell, Eliakim 99 Susan 99, 103 Long, J. D 125 LongTvood, name 169 Longwood avenue S3 Longwood clay beds 167 Lorimer, Rev. G. C 103 Lowell, Augustus 78 Percival 102 Loyalists 41 Lyceum hall 114, 146 Lyceum movement 114 L>^ord, Nathaniel 60 Lyman, Theodore . . 84, 105, 128 Lyon, L. T 152 Rev. W. H 133 Mabie, Rev. H. C 136 McCormack, John 198 McDonald, Rev. Wm. 151, 152, 154 McKay, David H 88 McKenna, Rev. C. H 147 Macomber, Henry S 196 Manassas Junction 65 Mann, Horace, and Ubrary law 126 Manufactures no Manuscripts 31 Maple terrace 19 IMarean. See Morean. Marlboro' 41 Mason, Albert 150, 197 Hon. Jonathan 52 Massachusetts fifth regiment 66 first regiment 61 tenth battery 71 Maynard, Waldo 128 Mealey, E. J., Jr 159 Meeting-house 44 dedicated 1806 50 first 19, 20, 29 first, demolished 50 Melaphyre beds 164, 168 jNIelcher, William K. . . . 60, 129 Methodists 150 Michigan, second regiment . 66 Miles, Rev. H. A 157 Mill-dam 54 Ministers, early 21 Missionaries 137 Monroe, George H 103 Moore, George 116 Mrs. Rachel 152 Morean, Dorman 1S9 Morris, Rev. L. J 147 Morse, Elizabeth 137 Muddy River 9 improvement of .... 83 Muldowney, F. F 162 Names of early settlers still extant 12 Naomi 96 Naples road 17, 27 Navy, men in 195, 197 Needham 109 Newbury street 12 INDEX. 209 New Hampshire 19 New lights 23 News 104 Newspapers 103, 104 Newton 133 Newton, Rev, W. W. . . 102, 142 Nichols, William, Jr 129 Nineteenth century 50 Norcross, CO 197 Norfolk, engine 160 Norfolk County and Brookline 85 North, S. N. D 102 Norton, Rev. F. L 145 O'Beirne, Rev. M 146 O^Connell, J.J 159 Olmsted, F. L 103, 106 and the parkway .... 84 J.C 106 Oliver, Peter, his land .... 11 Orange street 12 Orcutt, Mears 194 Wm. D 103 Ornithology 173 Otis, James, his great speech . 51 Oyster beds 83 Paige, Albert S 159 Paine, Henry K 197 Parker, John 1S9 William 56 Parkway 84 Parsons, Thomas . 60, 'jZi 128, 143 Peabody, Elizabeth P., and Lafayette 53 Peabody and Stearns . ... 148 Pearl street 14 Pemberton, James 1S9 Perkins 32 Perkins, Colonel T. H. ... 97 entertains Lafayette . . 53 Rev. N. M 135 Stephen H 97 Perrin place 19 Perry's lane 142 Philbrick, Edward S. . . 117, 196 Samuel 115 Mrs. Samuel 128 Philbrick house 59 Picket duty 70 Pierce, Abby L 98 Elizabeth 129 Rev. John . . 94, 113-115, 121 123, 130-132 his term of service ... 21 his belief 24 town's minister .... 50 views on Hannah Adams 51 his writings 93 Pierce hall 114, 115 Pigott, Christo 189 Plummer, Gordon 179 Police department 158 Poor, Agnes B 103 Henry V 103 Pope, Albert A 194 George 194 Population and polls in 1897 . 89 Population in 1700, in 1800, in 1845, in 1895 50 Postmasters 188 Post office 198 Potter, E. T 140 Rev. Nathaniel 21, 93 W.W 152 Potterton, Rev. T. E 154 Poverty 19 Powell street 15 Presbj-terians 155 Prescott, F. W 129 Pride, local 89 Priestley, Dr. Joseph .... 108 Proctor, E. F 162 PubUc Library 23, 126 first donors 129 statistics 129 210 INDEX. Public Library — continued. list of trustees 199 manuscripts given to . . 29 Punch Bowl village 13 Punishments 113 Putnam, J. H 129 Putterham 29 Quincy, Josiah 94 Railroad opened 55 Railroad time-table 56 Raseford, Michael i8g Reagh, A. L 174 Receipts in 1897 89 Reid, William T 118 Religious troubles in 1743 -22,23 Representative, first 30 Rhoades, B. H 115,116 Rice, David Hall loi Richardson, H. H 107 Mrs. H. H loS Spencer W 195 " Rifles " 71 Ritchie, E. S no Riverdale park 84 Road from Boston 12 Road to Brighton and Water- town 13 Road to Cambridge 13 Roads, earliest 13 Robeson, Andrew . . . .105,197 Robinson, Deacon 32 John 52, 123 W. S 154 Roblin, Rev. S. H 155 Roche, James Jeffrey .... 103 Rogers, Daniel H 128 George R 195 Rothwell, James 152, 153 J.E 152 Roxbury, farm in 44 Roxbury Crossing 12 Roxbury street 12 Ruggles, Cyrus W. • . . 105, 198 Runkle, John D 103 Russell, Mrs. D. W 12S Frank A 128 Sagamore 103 Saint Laurence chapel .... 149 Saint Mark's 150 Saint Mary's 146 Saint Paul's 141 Sanall, John 190 Sanborn, John P 158 Sanderson, Martha A 137 Sanford, Daniel S. . . 116, 120, 163 Sargent, Charles S. . 84, 102, 195 Ignatius 'jZ Schlesinger, Barthold . . 105, 106 Schley, Winfield S 102 School, brick, site of 22 site of first supported by the town alone 22 School-house 19 ordered, 1686 16 School street 58 Schools, history in first built by Brookline . .112 brick 22, 113, 114 punishments 113 vacations 116 statistics in 1896-7 120 Schooner captured 70 Schweinfurth, J. A 143 Scottow, Joshua 92 Scudder, Frank H 195 Henry B. . 195 Seamans, James M 198 Searle, Lucy 128 Sears, Rev, Barnas 137 David 156 W. B 162,195,197 Sears chapel 156 Seaver, Mayor 32 INDEX. 211 Seaver, John 192 John, Jr., secedes 23 Richard, secedes 23 Segar, Henry 189 Self ridge, Thomas 196 Sewall, Henry 31 Chief Justice Samuel ... 10 his farm BrookHn ... 17 his farms 83 Samuel, Jr 92, 191, 192 town clerk 17 Samuel, the tory . . . . 31, 43 Shailer, Hezekiah 115 Rev.W. H 115,131,135 Shailer hall named 135 Sharp family 26 Sharp, Lieutenant John ... 96 killed 26 Robert 48 farming 44 his will 32 William 192 Shattuck, G. C 174 Shepard, Nathaniel, secedes - 23 Sherburne road 13 Shewell, T. R 150 Shields, John no Shreve, W. P 144, 196 Shurtleff, Augustine 122 Carleton A 195 Dr. S. A 114, 122 Silver, Rev. Abiel 149 Simmons, Thomas 137 Singing society 44 Sinking fund in 1897 89 Slave harboring 59 Small, Abraham C 126 Smelt brook 17, 18, 83 Smith, Rev. Matson M. . . . 138 Smyth, Rev. Julian K 150 Snow, Miss M. H 129 Soldiers, difficulty in procur- ing 46-4S Soldiers suitable for service . 71 Soule, Charles C. . . 103, 129, 195 Richard 103, 196 Spencer, C. A. W 103, 104 Staigg, Richard M 105 Stan wood, Edward . . . 102, 105 Starkweather, Archibald . . 197 Steadman, Thomas 190 Stearns 136 Stearns, Catherine 112 James P 195 Marshal 60 Stebbins, John 190 Stedman, Hannah 191 Joshua 191 Mary 191 I Sarah 191 I Thomas 191, 192 Steese, Edward 105, 197 Stoddard, George G 129 Stone, Rev. John S. . 102, 142, 143 Storrow, Charles 197 Storrs, Rev. L. K 142 Rev. R. S., Jr 137 Story, Abigail 191 William 191 Street cars 57, 58 Sudbury fight, 1676 26 Sullivan, Richard 121 Sumner house 43 Sumner, Governor Increase . 28 Supplies prepared 72 Swallow pond 184 Swan, Francis H 197 William W 197 Swedenborgians 149 Talbot, Col. T. H 103, 197 Tappan, Lewis 121 Tavern : The Punch Bowl . 13 Tax rate in 1897 89 Taylor, Elisabeth 192 Isaac 78 212 INDEX. Taylor, J, B 129 Thayer 32 Thayer, Gideon 121 Isaac 114 John E 22 Thomas, Isaac R 105 Rev. Reuen .... 103, 139, 140 Thompson, Major William, his house entered 43 Thornton, J. W 129 Tiffany, Rev. C. C 156 Tiffany favrile glass 145 Tomkins, Rev. Elliott D. . . 145 Topography 83, 166 Towle, George M 100 Town hall 19 early 114 Towne, William B 129 WilHam H. ........ 129 Trafton, Rev. Mark. . 150, 152, 153 Transcript 104 Trees 169 Tremont street 12 Turner, Fergus B 195 Twitchell, Hon. Ginery, aids the army 72 entertains Grant .... 73 Twombly, Rev. J. H. 151, 153, 154 Underground railway .... 59 Underhill, Captain 91 Unitarian church . . 19, 50, 130 Universalists 154 Untersee, F. J 87 Upjohn, Richard 142 Vacations 116 Valuation in 1897 89 Village, The 13 Village brook 13 Village lane 123 Vincent, CM 104 Vining, E. P 103 Vinton, F. P 120 Wadsworth, Captain .... 26 Wales, George R. 175 Walnut street 13, 19, 29 War of 1812 52 Ward, Rev. Julius H 103 Ward's pond 167 Ware, William 102, 121 Warne, Rev. Joseph A. . . .134 Warren, J. S 128 Rev. S. M 149 Washington 64 Washington street . . . .14,41 location 13 Washington street, Boston . 12 Waterman, J. T 162 Watertown 30 Watertown road i3> 43 Watson, E. R 154 Wealth 19 Webster, Dr 115 Daniel 97 Wellman, F. 103,129 J. H 129 William A 72, 129 Wesson, James 48 at Monmouth court- house 41 Weston 30, no West Roxbury 81 Wharton, Rev. Francis . 102, 142 White family 12,30 White, Captain 46 Benjamin 1 89, 191, 192 his house 42 Daniel 48 Major Edward 31 Eliza 103 John 30, 189 Joseph 31, 189, 191 Joseph H 105, 106 INDEX. 213 White, Samuel 191 See also Whjte. Whitefield revivals 23 Whitney, Henry M 58 Whj-te, Oliver .... 121, 123, 198 See also White. Wild, Dr. Charles 62 Edward A., war committee 60 captain 61 sketch of his life .... 62 his letters 63 bravery 68 captures schooner ... 70 Wilder, Burt Green 195 Edward 129 Williams, F. J 129 Moses, his home 42 Moses B 60, 73 Willis, William 1S9 Wilson, Henry 129 W. G 103 Winchester family . . . . 12, 30 Winchester, Elhanan, the preacher 23 Frances 192 John 189,191, 192 Winchester, John, his home 28, 30 Isaac 30 Josiah 191,192 Sarah 192 Winchester street 18 Wines, Rev. CM 139 Winsor, Alfred 129, 195 Winslow, Rev. E. D. . . 150,153 Winthrop, John 91 Robert C 100 Withington 32 Withington, Otis 123 Wolcott, E. K 18 Wood, Rev. Nathan E. . . . 136 Woodland in 1S97 169 Woods, Amelia A 127 Miss Harriet F., her book . 27 sketch of 9S Woodward, Thomas 189 Tryphena 192 Woolfar, Richard 189 Worthley, George H 89 Wright, John S 128 Zenobia 122 BP»r V .-..?.* '^; ■X ^. ■*■ •"■■ * :