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zura and Rawka rivers before War- saw. No help could be sent to the Serbians with- out \iolatlng neutral territory, and they had little l)ut stout hearts to depend on. They were promptly invaded by 200,000 Aus- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 9 trians, but rallying along- the Jadar River, on August 16-23d they amazed Europe by defeating this powerful army and driving it back across the Danube and the Save. The Austrians renewed the attempt in Novem- ber with the same initial success as before. On December 2d, they captured Belgrade, but once more the Serbians rallied, and be- tween December 6th and 14th they again won a complete victory, recovering Bel- grade and restoring the line of the Danube and the Save, which they maintained for a year. The one punctilious nation was Japan. She had a treaty of alliance with Great Britain for mutual defense in the East. While it did not bind her to enter the Eu- ropean war, the opportunity to even scores and remove a menace was not to be neg- lected. Promptly on August 16th she sent an ultimatum to Germany, demanding the evacuation of the Shantung peninsula, and, after allowing the prescribed week to pass, on August 23d declared war. Within four days a blockade of Tsing-tao was establish- ed. By September 2d an army had been landed, and on November 7th, after some hard fighting, Tsing-tao surrendered. Except for naval work in the Pacific and the Mediterranean and by sending supplies to Russia, Japan took no further part in the war until called on to land troops in Siberia in 1918. The Germans made one more attempt to break the French front in late September when a force, advancing from Metz, reach- ed and took Saint Mihiel. They got no far- ther, but the Saint Mihiel salient remained as a dagger in the side of France for four years. Meanwhile, after the Germans had taken their stand on the Aisne, the French arm- ies under Foch began a movement north- ward around the German flank. Battles were fought before Saint Quentin and Pe- ronne, the French being driven back across the Somme. There were other actions at Arras and Lens. It was a case on each side of racing and fighting for the exposed flank of the other army. The Germans, recognizing the menace of the Belgian army at Antwerp, brought up siege guns and, after the Belgian sortie of September 10-14, began to press the city closely. The British sent up 6,000 naval reserves from Ostend — a puny force — and on October 7th landed the Seventh division of infantry and some cavalry at Zeebrugge with the purpose of further reinforcing the city. They were too late. On October 9th, the Belgians were forced to evacuate, with- drawing toward the coast. Meanwhile, the main British army was transferred from the Aisne front to extend General Foch's line in Flanders. The First corps arrived in time to take part in the battle for Lille, but too late to save the city, which the Germans occupied on the 18th. The broken Belgian army had abandoned Ghent, Bruges, Ostend and all western Belgium down to the Yser River, where it checked the Germans by flooding the coun- try. The British Seventh division from Zeebrugge aided the retreat of the Belgian army and then took position on its flank before Ypres. The remaining six divisions of British filled the gap down to the French sector, and the continuous front from the Channel to Switzerland was formed. The first battle of Ypres lasted from the middle of October till well into November and included heavy attacks by the Germans against the Belgians, particularly at Dix- mude. The British at first attempted to advance and thereby gave to the Ypres po- sition its bulging form. They were forced to recognize the superior numbers and equipment of the Germans, however, and were themselves fortunate in maintaining a successful defensive. There were, in fact, eventually as many as 750,000 Germans facing these first seven divisions of the exhausted British regular army. A reinforcement from an unlooked- for source, however, was obtained in Octo- ber when a corps of the British-Indian ar- 10 G R A X V I L L E COUNTS' IX THE W^ R L D W A R my was landed in France. The first of the Indian troops went into action near Fes- tubert on October 21st. They remained in P'rance during the winter and perform- ed good service, but the following spring were sent back to Egypt. On Xovember 11th the Germans made their supreme effort to break through to the Channel ports, using the redoubtable Prus- sian Guard. Though they gained some ground, they were repulsed. liapi)ily the French i)r()Ught uji a heavy iciuforcement in time to discourage the Germans from making another attack, and the lines settled down into muddy and fro- zen trenches for the winter. The Allied cause at the end of the 1914 campaigns looked more hopeful than it again appeared until the final turn of the tide in 1918. The Germans had been beat- en in open battle on the Marne and had been blocked at Ypres and Saint Mihiel. The Russians had completely broken the Austrian army and, despite some serious disasters, had fought the German armies to a standstill. The Serbians had driven back two Austrian invasions and held their country intact. The general plan of cam- paign, devised by the Allies for 1915, was to occupy as large a force of Germans as possible in the west, while the Russians with their great numbers and wider field for maneuvering should attempt either to carry the war into Hungary and Germany or, at least, to draw increasing numbers to the eastern front until the German line in the west had been sufiiciently weakened to admit of a successful assault. But the Allies were counting too much on the Rus- sians. The Grand Duke Nicholas continued his offensive throughout the winter in the Car- pathians and by spring had fairly passed the Beskid range and M^as looking down in- to the plains of Hungary. The Turks were defeated on the border of Transcaucasia. A second invasion of East Prussia was un- dertaken and was pushed well into the re- gion of the Mazurian lakes. There on Feb- ruary 12th a Russian army was again trap- l)ed and routed even more disastrously than at Tannenburg in the preceding August. The pursuit, which lasted till the 22d, drove the Russians into Grodno and across the Niemen. The Germans claimed 100,000 prisoners and more than .300 cannon. The blow was offset and Russian hopes raised to the highest point that they ever reached during the war when on ]\Iarch 22d the fortress of Przemysl, in Cialicia, which had been under siege since the preceding Xovember, was surrendered with an Aus- trian army of 130,000 men. But the Germans, who had brought the Austrian armies under the German gener- al staff and were now intermingling Aus- trian and German troops throughout the eastern front, were preparing a terrible re- venge. On May 2d the blow fell along the Dunajec River, being concentrated partic- ularly at Gorlice. The heaviest artillery fire which had yet been felt in the war shat- tered completely the Russian front. The Russians attempted to stand along the San two weeks later, but were again over- whelmed. The armies in the Carpathians had to retreat precipitately and narrowly escaped capture. Przemysl and Lemberg were recaptured during June, and by July the Russians were driven back into Poland. All the results of the victories in the pre- ceding September were lost, and the Rus- sians had been dealt a blow from which they never fully recovered. The Allies watched these events without attempting a serious diversion in the west, but they undertook a series of minor opera- tions, which General Joffre described as "nibbling." The taking of Steinbach and Thann early in January gave the French a hold on Alsace, which they maintained throughout the war. An attempt to ad- vance from Soissons in January was repuls- ed disastrously, but the French fared bet- ter in the Champagne, where they made considerable gains in the region of Perthes. There was another success at Les Eparges, on the heights of the Meuse, in April. Still GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 11 more important were a series of operations near Carency in May and June which re- sulted in the capture of an elaborate sys- tem of trenches, known as the Labyrinth. This was the first development of a method of taking trenches and was due to General Foch. An operation in support of the French "nibblings," but somewhat more ambitious, was begun by the British north of La Bassee , on March 10th. In an attack lasting three days the village of Neuve Chappelle and adjoining territory were captured, but the hope of breaking through the German lines failed and the British losses were out of proportion to the results achieved. It was the first British offensive against trench lines. It was followed in April by a suc- cessful attack on Hill 60. The Germans countered by introducing a new horror — the most dastardly weapon ever employed in civilized warfare. On April 22d, French and Canadian troops holding the line from Bixschoote to Lange- marck, north of Ypres, saw a strange yel- low cloud rise from the German trenches and roll slowly toward them. It was the first sight of poison gas. The effect on those who inhaled it was frightful — a slow death by torture in most cases. The Mo- roccan contingent with the French fled in panic. The Canadians tied their handker- chiefs and coatsleeves over their faces, closed the gap and somehow held on. Out of three brigades they lost 197 officers and 5,403 men. British and Indian units were hurried up, and the Germans gained only about two miles. The moral effect of the Russian defeats was largely oflFset among the Allies by Italy's declaration of war on Austria-Hun- gary on May 23d. Italy had declared neu- trality on August 4, 1914, thereby contri- buting to the success at the Marne by re- leasing the French from the necessity of guarding the Italian border. The Ger- mans made desperate efforts to secure Italy's alliance or, at least, her continued neutrality, but the Italians were fired by the Garibaldian spirit for the redemption of Italian lands still held by Austria. More- over, they distrusted the German word. They took the field at once and pushed their lines across the boundary, but gained no important success during 1915. In addition to taking Tsing-tao, the Ja- panese quickly occupied the Caroline, Mar- shall and Marianne islands. Australian and New Zealand forces seized German Samoa, the Bismarck archipelago, the Solomon is- lands and New Guinea in August and Sep- tember, 1914. Togoland on the gulf of Guinea was taken by forces from the ad- joining British and French colonies also in August, 1914. The conquest of German Southwest Af- rica was undertaken by the Union of South Africa under the Boer premier, General Louis Botha. He led a brilliant campaign across the deserts, where the Germans had poisoned every well as they retired, and on July 9, 1915, he received the complete sur- render of this entire colony. Late in 1915, the British prepared to take revenge for their defeat at Tanga by organizing a strong expedition against Ger- man East Africa. It was made up of Brit- ish and Boer troops under command of the Boer General, Jan Christian Smuts. The attack was made from British East Africa and had the support of a Belgian force mov- ing from the Congo. During the spring of 1916 the Germans were driven from the settled parts of the colony, but they contin- ued to keep up guerilla warfare in the re- mote jungles until the end of the war. The Germans in the Cameroons also of- fered strong resistance. Colonial troops from the adjoining British and French pos- sessions carried on a difficult jungle cam- paign during most of 1915, and on Febru- ary 18, 1916, gained the complete conquest of the colony. The Germans were not content with their success in merely driving the Russians out of East Prussia and Galicia. Their pur- suit into Southern Poland was temporarily checked by the Russians near Krasnik on 12 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR July 2-4th, but on July 14th the Germans began a new invasion from the north, at the same time renewing their attack in the south. Przasnysz, fifty miles north of War- saw, was quickly taken. Lublin and Cholm, southeast of Warsaw, fell. A third Ger- man-Austrian army, driving up through .southwest Poland, crossed the Vistula be- tween Warsaw and its protecting fortress of Ivangorod. The Russian soldiers were resisting with splendid courage, but their government liad failed them. They were so short of rifles that men were sent unarmed into the trenches to take up the weapons of fallen comrades. In some sectors the troops were allowed to fire only eight or nine cartridges per day. With both flanks turned, the troops which had stopped the Germans on the Bzura-Rawka line the preceding fall, and held it ever since, had no choice but to re- treat. Warsaw was taken on August 4th. The Russians foolishly left a large garrison in the fortress of Novogeorgievsk, a little northwest of Warsaw, and after a short siege it fell to the German 42-centimeter guns on the 19th, with 90,000 men and 1.200 cannon. Brest-Litov.sk, with an enor- mous accumulation of stores which had never reached the front, was blown up and burned by the Russians, and the Germans occupied the place on the 26th. Turning to the fortresses along the Nie- men, the Germans captured Kovno on the 18th with 800 guns, Ossowietz, Bialystok and Olita in rapid succession and Grodno on September 2d. Lutsk and Dubno, two of the triangle of fortresses protecting Vol- hynia. fell early in September. On Sep- tember 18th the Germans entered Vilna. The retiring Russians were actually sur- rounded east of Vilna, but fought their way out. The retreat never halted until it brought up against the Dvina River from Riga to Dvin.sk in the north, running thence south in a .steady straight line through the Prip- et marshes, a little east of Pinsk, and on through Volhynia into Galicia. In the southern sector, however, the Russians made an encouraging rally in September and October, and after defeating the Aus- trians along the Sereth, advanced to the Stripa River, where they established a sta- tionary front. The Grand Duke Nicholas was, somewhat unjustly, removed from command and was succeeded nominally by the Czar in person, with the capable General Alexieff actually directing the armies as chief of staff. Urgent as v/as the need for a diversion in the west, the Allies were not able to at- tempt any large-scale movement till late in September after the Russian debacle was virtually complete. On September 25th, following a prolonged bombardment along the entire front, simultaneous attacks were delivered by the British a little north of Lens and by the French on a 25-mile front in the Champagne. The British gained the town of* Loos and other immediate objec- tives, but were unable to hold their more advanced ground. The French carried a stretch of territory some miles deep. At one point the Moroccans actually broke en- tirely through the German line, but the great object of starting a German retreat failed. The battle of Loos was noteworthy. ; iiowever, as the first big test of the new British volunteers. Kitchener's First Hun- dred Thousand. Having disposed of Russia for the time being and feeling secure in the west, the Germans now turned their attention to the puni.shment of Serbia. They were relying, however, not so much on their own forces as on a new ally, whom their diplomacy had won to their side. The Entente nations had taken it for granted that Bulgaria, owing to her historic debt of gratitude to Russia, would sympathize with them. They mis- judged the character of Czar Ferdinand and the bitterness of the Bulgarians toward the Serbians on account of the war of 1913. When it was realized that Bulgaria was drifting into German hands, frantic ef- forts were made to avert the peril. They GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 13 were too late. As soon as a German-Aus- trian force under Mackensen appeared on the Danube in late September, Bulgaria be- gan to mobilize. The Serbians fought gal- lantly against the invaders from the north for two weeks, but when, on October 14th, Bulgaria declared war on them and began an invasion from the east, they were out- flanked and helpless. Greece had a treaty of alliance with Ser- bia against Bulgaria, and the Allies exerted great pressure to induce her to go to the rescue. The British offered the immediate cession of the island of Cyprus as a con- sideration. Premier Venizelos was pro- Ally and readily gave the British and French permission to occupy Salonica, where troops which had been intended for Gallipoli were landed and hurried into Sou- I thern Serbia. King Constantine, however, was married to the Kaiser's sister and strongly under German influence. He dis- missed Venizelos, who eventually organiz- ed a revolutionary government at Salonica I and declared war on Bulgaria, but Greece as a whole did not enter the war until the , abdication of Constantine was forced in j June, 1917. I The occupation of Salonica enabled the British and French to advance up the Var- dar valley as far as Gradsko, but they were too weak and too late. The Italians also at- tempted a diversion in Serbia's favor by at- tacking strongly along the line of the Ison- zo, but diversions were the only aid that could be given and they were not enough. The Serbians, fighting desperately and with no thought of surrender, could do no more than to beat off flanking movements which attempted to encircle them. A part of their army retreated into Greece, but their main body made a frightful march across the mountains through Albania. Thou- sands died of starvation and exposure. The famishing remnant, after reaching the coast, was transported by the Italians to the island of Corfu, where the troops were reorganized and eventually taken back to the Macedonian front to write a new and glorious chapter in Serbian history. The country itself remained in the grip of the Austrians and Bulgarians for nearly three years, enduring frightful oppression. The British and French troops, when at- tacked by the Bulgarians in December, re- tired to the Greek border. Montenegro and Albania were in turn quickly overrun by Austrian forces. If 1914 had raised the hopes of the Al- lies to a high pitch, the campaigns of 1915 had left them at the lowest stage of depres- sion. While Germany was as far as ever from overwhelming France, she had shat- tered the power of Russia, conquered Ser- bia and defeated British attacks on Tur- key. Any compromise peace which she might secure would now give her the domi- nation of the entire East, and it was nat- ural that German diplomatic efforts hence- forth should be directed toward compro- mise. The opening of 1916, however, brought an Allied success in a remote field which revived the hope of Russian recuperation. The Grand Duke Nicholas, after his remov- al from the chief command, was assigned to the Caucasus front. He organized a brilliant campaign in which he defeated the Turks near the foot of Mount Ararat, captured Erzeroum in February, Trebi- zond in April and by July had advanced as far as Erzingam, occupying all of Eastern Armenia. The Armenians during 1915 had been the victims of an almost unbelievable cam- paign of extermination by the Turks with the Germans looking on. Out of a popula- tion of about 4,000,000 more than 1,000,000 perished. The Russians were too late to save them, but at least a safe dwelling place was provided temporarily for those who had escaped. The Russian diversion was also insufli- cient to save the British force which had been under siege at Kut-el-Amara, on the Tigris, since December 6, 1915. The Brit- ish had occupied the head of the Persian Gulf early in 1914 and continued to ad- 14 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE \\'ORLD WAR vance with light forces up the Tigris, em- boldened by repeated victories, until by No- vember, 1915, they were within 25 miles of Bagdad. Near the ruins of ancient Ctesi- l)hon. on November 22-24th, they met a large Turkish army and were obliged to re- treat 100 miles to Kut-el-Amara, where they had established an advanced base. A narrow pass between the river and the swamps, a few miles farther down the stream, was fortified by the Turks, and re- peated efforts of the British relief expedi- tion during the winter failed to break through this obstacle. His troops being re- duced to starvation, therefore. General Townshend, on April 28, 1916, was obliged to surrender with 10,000 men. What had been the British relief army remained before Sanna-y-Yat until the lat- ter part of February, 1917, when at last the drying of the flooded areas enabled it to outflank and defeat the Turks. Bagdad was taken two weeks later, and the Turks were driven back 100 miles farther, all of the lower Tigris and Euphrates valleys falling into possession of the British. Relieved from any immediate danger from Russia and with Serbia conquered and Turkey secure, the Germans planned to open the campaign of 1916 in the west with a blow which, if it did not repeat the success against the Russians, would, at least, force the French and British to com- promise. The point selected for attack was Verdun, and the chief command was given to the Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, that the expected victory might reflect more glory on the Hohenzollern house. The of- fensive began on February 20th and in the opening days made alarming progress. Fort Douaumont was taken on the 26th. The at- tack then shifted to the district west of the Meuse and during much of March raged around Dead Man's Hill and Hill 304, shift- ing again to the east in the latter part of the month, when Fort Vaux was taken. The French, however, resisted so stubborn- ly that the Germans had only a few square miles of shell-wrecked ground to show for their enormous losses, and this territory was mostly recovered in two or three swift blows during the fall and the following spring. Probably with the purpose of prevent- ing the British from aiding the French at Verdun, the Germans on June 2d opened; an off'ensive southeast of Ypres. The sec- tor attacked was held mainly by the Cana-. dians, who suffered very heavy losses. They' gave some ground at first, but at the end: of two weeks had entirely recovered it. The- Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infan- try was virtually annihilated in this action. The British, however, under Sir Douglas Haig, had been preparing a blow which should not only end the pressure on Verdun, but should turn the tide of war in the west. On July 1st, after a bombardment of near- ly two weeks they, with the co-operation of a French army on their right, assaulted the German lines on both sides of the Somme Canal. Both the British and French broke through along the canal and then, facing to the north, began a gruelling drive against, the exposed end of the German line. The I campaign lasted till well into the fall. Ev- ery village, wood and farm had been con- verted by the Germans into a fortress. These had to be taken inch by inch. September 15th marked the introduction of a new invention — the "tank," a heavily armored traction engine which climbed over ditches and lumbered across any ordinary obstacle, spraying death from its machine guns as it advanced. In the first tank at- tack the British took the villages of Flers, Martinpuich and Courcelette. This engine became the most important new invention for use on land that was developed during the war, and the Germans never were able to match it. The battle was drowned out by the mud of late November with the British in pos- session of Combles and Thiepval and the French commanding ruined Peronne. If it had not forced a general retreat, it had reversed the high hopes with which the Germans had begun the year in the west. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 15 The confidence that the Russians could recover from the disasters of 1915 was sup- ported early in June by the opening of an offensive from the Pripet marshes to the Roumanian border. The fortresses of Lutsk and Dubno were recovered, Czerno- witz was taken, all of Bukowina was occu- pied, the Austrian line in Eastern Galicia was shattered and driven back, and by ear- ly September the Russians were before Halicz, triumphant, with nearly half of Galicia again in their possession and Lem- berg in imminent danger. Here, however, the campaign stopped, probably because the supplies which had been accumulated for it were running low. The German offensive plans for the spring included a drive by the Austrians against the Italians in the Trentino, It opened on May 15th and by the 27th had taken Asiago. Here it was stopped. In August, the Italians countered on the Isonzo, taking Gorizia and the Carso pla- teau, a formidable obstacle, the assault on which was like scaling the walls of a five- story house. Encouraged by these successes and by the promise that a large Russian army would support her, Roumania, on August 28th, declared war on Austria-Hungary. Roumania's case was much like Italy's. She sought the redemption of the Roumanian population which made up most of the in- habitants of the Hungarian province of Transylvania. Concentrating on their west- ern front, the Roumanians swept across the mountains and captured Kronstadt and Hermanstadt. Meanwhile, however, their southern front was left weakly guarded. Hindenburg had become chief of the Ger- man staff. He sent Falkenhayn, his pre- decessor, to command the Austro-Hunga- rians on the Roumanian western front and Mackensen to direct a blow from the Bul- garian side. The promised Russian army, which was to have swept into Bulgaria, amounted to only a few weak divisions, and they arrived late. This was the first evi- dence of Russian treason. The Rouma- nians were beaten in the Dobrudja and by late October had lost their seaport, Con- stansa. Falkenhayn drove them back across the mountains, defeated them first at the Vulcan pass, then at Tirgu-Juil and, fmally, in December, along the line of the Argechu River. Bucharest was taken on December 6th. The campaign closed with the Roumanian army, shattered but still plucky, holding a short front along the southern border of Moldavia. To aid the Roumanians an attack on the western part of the Macedonian front was delivered, mainly by the Serbian troops. Monastir was taken on November 19th, but the Teutonic forces could not be driven far enough back to put the city out of range of their guns, which continued to shell it for the next year and a half. The death of Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary on November 21st and the succession of Lloyd-George as premier of Britain in place of Mr. Asquith were two important governmental changes that closed the year. The battle cry of the French poilus at Verdun, "They shall not pass," was descrip- tive of the entire war in 1916. Not only at Verdun, but at Ypres, in the North Sea and in the Italian Trentino, they did not pass. And the successful counter-blows on the Somme, in Galicia, and the Caucasus and on the Isonzo gave offensive emphasis to the power of the Allies. Nowhere ex- cept in the detached campaign against Roumania had the Germans been able to repeat their successes of 1915. If the Rus- sians could have continued to develop the recuperative strength which they had shown in 1916, the campaigns of 1917 might well have brought a decisive Allied victory. But intrigue and treachery had been at work in Russia. It was probably a knowledge of the suc- cesses of their agents in Russia and an ex- pectation that the betrayal of Roumania was to be followed by a separate peace with the Czar's government which gave the Germans confidence to break their word to 16 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR the United States for the third time. On January 31st, they gave notice that after February 1st they would resume submarine ruthlessness. This was a contemptuous violation of both the Sussex and Arabic pledges as well as of a special pledge, given in the Fi-ye case, not to sink American ships. The Germans may have believed that the influence of friends in American politics and the strong pacifist sentiment in the southern and western parts of the country, which in the winter of 1916 had nearly put through Congress the McLemore resolution forbidding Americans to travel on foreign ships and had made a powerful appeal for an em.bargo on the export of mu- nitions, V70uld prevent the United States from entering the war under any provoca- tion. They undoubtedly thought that, in any event, the United States, having made no preparation, would be unable to send troops to Europe in time to give effective help to the Allies, and that might well have happened, if a separate peace with Russia in the spring of 1917 had permitted Ger- many to make the concentration on the wes- tern front which she effected a year later. This time the Germans did not attempt to hold off the United States with diplomat- ic notes and new promises, although given ample opportunity to do so. President Wilson, when he severed diplomatic rela- tions on February 3d, still declared his un- willingness to believe that the Germans would actually do as they threatened. The sinking of several ships, including two American merchantmen and the liner La- conia, by which three American lives were lost, removed all doubt on that point. 'Feeling was further intensified by the dis- covery of a secret message from the Ger- man foreigh minister, Zimmermann, to the German minister to Mexico, directing him to propose to Mexico an alliance with Germany against the United States, and that Mexico should conquer Texas, Arizo- na and New Mexico and should attempt to draw Japan into the plan. The President then, on February 26th, proposed a resort to "armed neutrality," asking authority to arm American ships for defense but again expressed the hope that it would "not be necessary to put armed forces anywhere into action," The opposition of twelve senators prevented the granting of this au- thority before the expiration of Congress on March 4th, but the President proceeded to arm merchant ships under his general powers and called a special session of Con- gress to meet on April 2d. More ships had been sunk in the meantime, and there was no further hesitation. When the President asked Congress to declare war, however, he based his action, not alone on the special grievances of the United States, but on the general course of the German government, which he called a "challenge to all man- kind." He denounced the German autoc- racy as "the natural foe of liberty" and asked for action because "the world must be made safe for democracy." } OFF AT DAWN FOR A TRIP OVER THE LINES GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 17 President Wilson's War Message to Congress Gentlemen of the Congress: I have called the Congress into extra- ordinary session because there are serious, very serious, choices of policy to be made, and made immediately, which it was nei- ther right nor constitutionally permissible that I should assume the responsibility of making. On the 3d of February last I officially laid before you the extraordinary an- nouncement of the Imperial German Gov- ernment that on and after the first day of February it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports con- trolled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean. That had seemed to be the object of the German submarine warfare earlier in the war, but since April of last year the Imperial Government had somewhat restrained the commanders of its undersea craft, in conformity with its promise, then given to us, that passenger boats should not be sunk and that due warn- ing would be given to all other vessels which its submarines might seek to destroy, when no resistance was offered or escape attempted, and care taken that their crews were given at least a fair chance to save their lives in their open boats. The pre- cautions taken were meagre and haphaz- ard enough, as was proved in distressing in- stance after instance in the progress of the cruel and unmanly business, but a certain degree of restraint was observed. The new policy has swept every restric- tion aside. Vessels of every kind, whatever their flag, their character, their cargo, their destination, their errand, have been ruth- lessly sent to the bottom without warning and without thought of help or mercy for those on board, the vessels of friendly neu- trals along with those of belligerents. Even hospital ships and ships carrying relief to the sorely bereaved and stricken people of Belgium, though the latter were provided with safe conduct through the prescribed areas by the German Government itself and Vv^ere distinguished by unmistakable marks of identity, have been sunk with the same reckless lack of compassion or of princi- ple. I was for a little while unable to believe that such things would in fact be done by any government that had hitherto sub- scribed to humane practices of civilized nations. International law had its origin in the attempt to set up some law which would be respected and observed upon the seas, where no nation has right of domin- ion and where lay the free highways of the world. By painful stage after stage has that law been built up, with meagre enough results, indeed, after all was accomplish- ed that could be accomplished, but always with a clear view, at least, of what the heart and conscience of mankind demanded. This minimum of right the German Gov- ernment has swept aside, under the plea of retaliation and necessity and because it had no weapons which it could use at sea except these, which it is impossible to em- ploy, as it is employing them, without throwing to the wind all scruples of human- ity or of respect for the understandings that were supposed to underlie the inter- course of the world. I am not now thinking of the loss of property involved, immense and serious as that is, but only of the wanton and whole- sale destruction of the lives of non-com- batants, men, women and children, engaged in pursuits which have always, even in the darkest periods of modern history, been deemed innocent and legitimate. Proper- ty can be paid for; the lives of peaceful and innocent people can not be. The present German submarine warfare against com- merce is a warfare against mankind. 18 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR It is a war against all nations. Ameri- can ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and peo- ple of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and overwhelmed in the waters in the same way. There has been no discrimination. The challenge is to all mankind. Each nation must decide for itself how it will meet it. The choice we make for ourselves must be made with a moderation of coun- sel and a temperateness of judgment be- fitting our character and our motives as a nation. We must put excited feeling away. Our motive will not be revenge or the vic- torious assertion of the physical might of the nation, but only the vindication of right, of humane right, of which we are only a single champion. When I addressed the Congress on the 26th of February last I thought that it would suffice to assert our neutral rights with arms, our right to use the seas against unlawful interference, our right to keep our people safe against unlawful violence. But armed neutrality, it now appears, is im- practicable. Because submarines are in ef- fect outlaws, when used as the German submarines have been used against mer- chant shipping, it is impossible to defend ships against their attacks as the law of nations has assumed that merchantmen would defend themselves against priva- teers or cruisers, visible craft giving chase upon the open sea. It is common prudence in such circumstances, grim necessity in- deed, to endeavor to destroy them before they have shown their own intention. They must be dealt with upon sight, if dealt with at all. The German Government denies the right of neutrals to use arms at all within the areas of the sea which it has prescribed, even in the defense of rights which no mod- ern publicist has ever before questioned their right to defend. The intimation is con- veyed that the armed guards which we have placed on our merchant ships will be treat- ed as beyond the pale of law and subject to be dealt with as pirates would be. Armed neutrality is ineffectual enough at best; in such circumstances and in the face of such pretensions it is worse than ineffectual; it is likely only to produce what it was meant to prevent ; it is practically certain to draw , us into the war without either the rights I or the effectiveness of belligerents. There is one choice we can not make, we are inca- pable of making; we will not choose the path of submission and suffer the most sa- cred rights of our nation and our people to be ignored or violated. The wrongs against which we now array ourselves are no com- mon wrong; they cut to the very roots of human life. With a profound sense of the solemn and and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obe- dience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Gov- ernment to be in fact nothing less than war against the Government and people of the United States ; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it; and that it take immediate steps not only to put the country in a more thorough state of defense, but also to exert all its power and employ all its resources to bring the Government of the German Empire to terms and end the war. What this will involve is clear. It will involve the utmost practicable co-operation in counsel and action with the Govern- ments now at war with Germany, and, as incident to that, the extension to those Gov- ernments of the most liberal financial cred- its, in order that our resources may so far as possible be added to theirs. It will involve the organization and mob- ilization of all the material resources of the country to supply the materials of war and serve the incidental needs of the na- tion in the most abundant and yet the most economical and efficient way possible. It will involve the immediate full equip- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 19 merit of the navy in all respects, but partic- ularly in supplying it with the best means of dealing with the enemy's submarines. It will involve the immediate addition to the armed forces of the United States, already provided for by law in case of war, of at least 500,000 men, who should, in my opinion, be chosen upon the principle of universal liability to service, and also the authorization of subsequent additional in- crements of equal force so soon as they may be needed and can be handled in train- ing. It will involve also, of course, the grant- ing of adequate credits to the Government, sustained, I hope so far as they can equit- ably be sustained by the present generation, by well conceived taxation. I say sustained so far as may be equit- able by taxation, because it seems to me that it would be most unwise to base the credits, which will now be necessary, en- tirely on money borrowed. It is our duty, I most respectfully urge, to protect our people, so far as we may, against the very serious hardships and evils which would be likely to arise out of the inflation which would be produced by vast loans. In carrying out the measures by which these things are to be accomplished we should keep constantly in mind the wisdom of interfering as little as possible in our own preparation and in the equipment of our military forces with the duty — for it will be a very practical duty — of supplying the nations already at war with Germany with the materials which they can obtain only from us or by our assistance. They are in the field and we should help them in every way to be effective there. I shall take the liberty of suggesting, through the several executive departments of the Government, for the consideration of your committees, measures for the accom- plishment of the several objects I have mentioned. I hope that it will be your pleasure to deal with them as having been framed after very careful thought by the branch of the Government upon whom the responsibility of conducting the war and safe-guarding the nation will most direct- ly fall. While we do these things, these deeply momentous things, let us be very clear, and make very clear to all the world, what our motives and our objects are. My own thought has not been driven from its habit- ual and normal course by the unhappy events of the last two months, and I do not believe that the thought of the nation has been altered or clouded by them. I have exactly the same things in mind now that I had in mind when I addressed the Sen- ate on the 22nd of January last; the same that I had in mind when I addressed the Congress on the 3rd of February and on the 26th of February. Our object now, as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power, and to set up among the really free and self- governed peoples of the world such a con- cert of purpose and of action as will hence- forth insure the observance of those prin- ciples. Neutrality is no longer feasible or de- sirable where the peace of the world is in- volved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments, backed by organized force which is con- trolled wholly by their will, not by the will of their people. We have seen the last of neutrality in such circumstances. We are at the beginning of an age in which it will be insisted that the same standards of con- duct and of responsibility for wrong done shall be observed among nations and their governments that are observed among the individual citizens of the civilized States. We have no quarrel with the German people. We have no feeling toward them but one of sympathy and friendship. It was not upon their impulse that their Gov- ernment acted in entering this war. It was not with their previous knowledge or approval. It was a war determined upon as wars used to be determined upon in the 20 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR old, unhappy days, when peoples were no- where consulted by their rulers and wars were provoked and waged in the interest of dynasties or of little groups of ambiti- ous men, who were accustomed to use their fellow men as pawns and tools. Self-governed nations do not fill their neighbor States with spies or set the course of intrigue to bring about some critical pos- ture of affairs which will give them an op- portunity to strike and make conquest. Such designs can be successfully worked out only under cover and where no one has the right to ask questions. Cunningly con- trived plans of deception or aggression, carried, it may be, from generation to gen- eration, can be worked out and kept from the light only within the privacy of courts or behind the carefully guarded confidence of a narrow and privileged class. They are happily impossible where public opin- ion commands and insists upon full infor- mation concerning all the nation's affairs. A steadfast concert for peace can never be maintained except by a partnership of democratic nations. No autocratic govern- ment could be trusted to keep faith within it or observe its covenants. It must be a league of honor, a partnership of opinion. Intrigue would eat its vitals away ; the plot- tings of inner circles who could plan what they would and render account to no one would be a corruption seated at its very heart. Only free peoples can hold their purpose and their honor steady to a com- mon end and prefer the interest of man- kind to any narrow interest of their own. Does not every American feel that as- surance has been added to our hope for the future peace of the world by the wonder- ful and heartening things that have been happening within the last few weeks in Russia? Russia was known by those who knew her best to have been always in fact democratic at heart in all the vital habits of her thought, in all the intimate relations of her people that spoke their natural instinct, their habitual attitude toward life. The autocracy that crowned the summit of her political structure, long as it had stood and terrible as was the reality of its power, was not in fact Russian in origin, character, or purpose; and nqw it has been shaken off and the great, generous Russian people have been added, in all their naive majesty and might, to the forces that are fighting for freedom in the world, for justice and for peace. Here is a fit partner for a League of Honor. One of the things that has served to con- vince us that the Prussian autocracy was not and could never be our friend is that from the very outset of the present war it has filled our unsuspecting communities, and even our offices of government, with spies and set criminal intrigues everywhere afoot against our national unity of counsel, our peace within and without, our indus- tries and our commerce. Indeed, it is now evident that spies were here even before the war began; and it is unhappily not a matter of conjecture, but a fact proven in our courts of justice, that the intrigues which have more than once come perilous- ly near to disturbing the peace and dislocat- ing the industries of the country, have been carried on at the instigation, with the sup- port, and even under the personal direction of official agents of the Imperial Govern- ment accredited to the Government of the United States. Even in checking these things and trying to extirpate them we have sought to put the most generous interpretation possible upon them because we knew that their source lay, not in any hostile feeling or purpose of the German people toward us (who were, no doubt, as ignorant of them as we ourselves were), but only in the sel- fish designs of a Government that did what it pleased and told its people nothing. But they have played their part in serving to convince us at last that that Government entertains no real friendship for us, and means to act against our peace and securi- ty at its convenience. That it means to stir up enemies against us at our very doors, the intercepted note to the German Min- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 21 ister at Mexico City is eloquent evidence. We are accepting this challenge of hos- tile purpose because we know that in such a Government, following such methods, we can never have a friend; and that in the presence of its organized power, always lying in wait to accomplish we know not what purpose, can be no assured security for the democratic governments of the world. We are now about to accept the gauge of battle with this natural foe to lib- erty and shall, if necessary, spend the whole force of the nation to check and nul- lify its pretensions and its power. We are glad, now that we see the facts with no veil of false pretense about them, to fight thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the Ger- man peoples included ; for the rights of na- tions, great and small, and the privileges of men everywhere to choose their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democ- racy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no in- demnities for ourselves, no material com- pensation for the sacrifices we shall freely give. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satis- fied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom of na- tions can make them. Just because we fight without rancor and without selfish object, seeking nothing for ourselves but what we shall wish to share with all free peoples, we shall, I feel confi- dent, conduct our operations as belligerents without passion and ourselves observe with proud punctilio the principles of right and fair play we profess to be fighting for. I have said nothing of the Government allied with the Imperial Government of Germany because they have not made war upon us or challenged us to defend our right and our honor. The Austro-Hunga- rian Government has, indeed, avowed its unqualified indorsement and acceptance of the reckless and lawless submarine war- fare, adopted now without disguise by the Imperial German Government, and it has therefore not been possible for this Govern- ment to receive Count Tarnowski, the Am- bassador recently accredited to this Gov- ernment by the Imperial and Royal Gov- ernment of Austria-Hungary ; but that Government has not actually engaged in warfare against citizens of the United States on the seas, and I take liberty, for the present at least, of postponing a discus- sion of our relations with the authorities at Vienna. We enter this war only where we are clearly forced into it because there are no other means of defending our rights. It will be all the easier for us to conduct ourselves as belligerents in a high spirit of right and fairness because we act without animus, not with enmity toward a people or with the desire to bring any injury or disadvantage upon them, but only in armed opposition to an irresponsible Gov- ernment which has thrown aside all con- siderations of humanity and of right and is running amuck. We are, let me say again, the sincere friends of the German people, and shall de- sire nothing so much as the early re-estab- lishment of intimate relations of mutual advantage between us, however hard it may be for them for the time being to believe that this is spoken from our hearts. We have borne with their present Govern- ment through all these bitter months be- cause of that friendship, exercising a pa- tience and forbearance which would other- wise have been impossible. We shall happily still have an opportuni- ty to prove that friendship in our daily at- titude and actions toward the millions of men and women of German birth and na- tive sympathy who live among us and share our life, and we shall be proud to prove it toward all who are in fact loyal to their neighbors and to the Government in the hour of test. They are most of them as true and loyal Americans as if they had never known any other fealty or allegi- 22 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR ance. They will be prompt to stand with us in rebuking and restraining the few who may be of a different mind and purpose. If there should be disloyalty, it will be dealt with with a firm hand of stern repression ; but, if it lifts its head at all, it will lift it on- ly here and there and without countenance except from a lawless and malignant few. It is a distressing and oppressive duty, gentlemen of the Congress, which I have performed in thus addressing you. There are, it may be, many months of fiery trial and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful thing to lead this great, peaceful people in- to war, into the most terrible and disas- trous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance. But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts — for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a con- cert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free. To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured. God helping her, she can do no other. WooDRow Wilson. Read at joint session of the Congress, at Washington, April 2, 1917. The declaration of war was adopted on April 6th with six opposition votes in the senate and 50 in the house. In addition to providing for a large in- crease in the Regular army and National Guard by voluntary enlistment, a general conscription of all men between the ages of 21 and 31 was ordered. Money was raised by popular bond issue, and war ac- tivities began on an enormous scale. A naval contingent reached Great Britain on May 4th and at once began patrol work against submarines. General John G. Pershing was appointed to command the army. He landed in France with his staff on June 13th. The first contingent of reg- ular troops arrived on the 26th. More than a year passed, however, before the United States began to take an active part at the front. Cuba followed the course of the United States at once. Brazil immediately severed diplomatic relations, but did not declare war till October. Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador and Santo Domingo either severed diplomatic relations or otherwise indicated their sympathy with the United States. Siam declared war in July, and China in August. Panama, Hayti, Guatemala, Cos- ta Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua all de- clared war. Even the little negro republic of Liberia came in. The world was at war. Meanwhile, startling events had been happening in Russia. The extent to which the ministers who controlled the Czar had committed themselves to a separate peace with Germany is uncertain, but there is no question that the government had fallen into the hands of a reactionary group of bureaucrats and that German intrigue had made great headway with them. It is equally certain that the leaders of the army and the douma were strongly patriotic. The army was being supported mostly by the organization of zemstvoes. The gov- ernment, from incompetence or treachery or both, had completely broken down. The people were starving and were becoming riotous. The Czar was summoned from his staff headquarters at Moghileff . When the meet- ing of the council at which he presided ad- journed, he had given his royal word that before he slept that night he would sign edicts granting to Russia a responsible ministry and a constitution. That night he was privately visited by Protopopoff^ GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 23 minister of the interior and credited with being the head of the German influence since the murder of the mystic monk Ras- putin a few weeks before. He had as an ally the Czarina, a German woman and rel- ative of the Kaiser, who was probably chiefly responsible for what followed. In- stead of the promised edicts, there was pub- lished a decree dissolving the douma and ordering General Ivanoff, a staunch impe- rialist, to Petrograd "to take over all power of administration as dictator." There was no further attempt at compro- mise. The douma refused to disperse. A provisional government was organized. The populace raged in the streets, but the sol- diers, in the main, refused to oppose the people, as did their commander. General Korniloff". It was not by resolutions of the douma politicians or by demonstrations of mobs, however, that revolution was really effected, but by the decision of the army chiefs. Brusiloff at once telegraphed his adherence to the revolutionary government, Korniloff placed the Czarina under arrest, and it was Ruzsky, commander of the nor- thern front, who stopped the Czar's train at Pskoff, where, on March 15th, the auto- crat of all the Russians was compelled to sign his abdication. To these three bril- liant leaders of the 1914-16 campaigns, the Allied world owes a debt of gratitude which it has ill appreciated. Their adher- ence and that of Alexieff, the chief of staff, gave to the revolution the physical power which made resistance useless. They may have had little interest in internal reforms, but they knew that the army was being be- trayed to the enemy. Whatever motives may have inspired others, theirs were the acts of men devoted to the Allied cause. It is a melancholy reflection that, like many other Russian army officers, they soon af- terward became martyrs. The Russian revolution delayed for near- ly a year the separate peace on which the Germans undoubtedly had counted, but the new regime afforded fertile ground for the Germans to work in a different way. The minister of justice was an impractical So- cialist orator named Kerensky. One of his first decrees, which was distributed direct- ly to the soldiers without the knowledge of the officers, broke down discipline at a stroke. Fraternization opened wide the doors to German agents, and from the tene- ments of New York and Chicago and the exile colonies of Switzerland came a horde of still more dangerous enemies, mysteri- ously risen from poverty to comparative affluence, who were soon to take the name, Bolsheviki. Nevertheless, Brusiloff opened an offen- sive in Galicia in July, and at the start made encouraging progress. Only a few of the troops, however, were reliable. Most of them began to hold meetings of soldiers' committees to debate whether they should obey commands. The counter-blow gave the Germans, for the first time in the war, the satisfaction of seeing an army flee be- fore them in disorganized rout, abandon- ing cannon and supplies. All Galicia was lost. Brusiloff resigned, broken-hearted. Korniloff, who was appointed to succeed him, within a month attempted to over- throw Kerensky, who had now become dic- tator. His soldiers would not support him and he was arrested. Two months later it was Kerensky's turn to fall before the forces which his folly had developed, and the Bolsheviki under Lenine and Trotzky were in power. The situation was now in the hands of the Germans, but they chose to play with it for a time. Even after an armistice was signed and the Bolsheviki had proclaimed the end of the war, the Germans attacked them and drove them from the Baltic pro- vinces. The Germans might have entered Petrograd had they chosen. They imposed new peace terms which provided for the break-up of Russia into a number of states, the surrender of the western part of the country and the payment of a large indem- nity. The Ukrainians, who had been subjected to an independence propaganda, directed 24 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR from Germany since the beginning of the war, anticipated the Bolsheviki by a few days in making their separate peace and were rewarded by having their entire coun- try immediately occupied and plundered by German and Austrian troops under pre- tense of protecting them from the Bolshe- viki. Deserted Roumania had no choice but to sign such terms of peace as she could get. Finland accepted the Germans. Siberia was saved by some thousands of Czecho-Slovaks, who had gone over from the Austrian to the Russian side early in the war and who now successfully resisted the attempt of the Bolsheviki to deliver them to Austria. To aid them, the Japa- nese, with small American and British con- tingents, landed at Vladivostok and during August and September, 1918, occupied Eas- tern Siberia. A small British and Ameri- can force was also landed at Archangel in August, 1918, to prevent supplies, accumu- lated there, from falling into the hands of the Germans. Although no insult, aggres- sion or appeal of self-interest had been able to induce the Lenine-Trotzky government to offer any resistance to the Germans, they met these moves by promptly declaring that a state of war existed with the En- tente governments and the United States, and in the north they organized under Ger- man officers a strong resistance, which was continued even after Germany had given up. These later events in Russia, however, had little effect on the war as a whole. From the day of the accession of the Bol- sheviki Russia ceased to be a factor in the war for human liberty, except as she be- came a hostile factor. The battle of the Somme had been brought to a halt by rain and mud in the fall of 1916, but it had pierced the German front so far as to make the line between Arras and the river Oise no longer ten- able. During the winter Hindenburg caus- ed a new line of trenches and entangle- ments to be built, mostly by the forced la- bor of Belgian and French civilians and of prisoners. It curved southeast from Ar- ras, running a little west of Cambrai, Saint Quentin and La Fere till it joined the old line on the Ailette. Before retiring, the Germans systematically devastated the en- tire country between their old and new fronts — a strip six to eight miles wide. Every village and farm was burned or blown up, wells were poisoned, even the fruit and shade trees were cut down. The able-bodied inhabitants of both sexes were carried off into slavery and only a few starving old men, women and children, pil- laged even of the scanty supplies which the Allied relief commission had given them, were left behind. It was a German corre- spondent who gloatingly described this re- gion as "the empire of death." The Allies detected the German with- drav/al late in February, but the devasta- tion was such that more than a month was required to occupy the abandoned country and all of the following summer to recon- struct it sufficiently to permit military op- erations against the Hindenburg line. The British preparation for a spring offensive however, had not been on the Somme sec- tor, but farther north, between Arras and Lens. Here they opened a brilliant attack on April 9th, carrying Vimy Ridge in a single magnificent rush and towns farther east in the succeeding days, including the city of Lievin, the western suburb of Lens. At about the same time the French be- gan the second battle of the Aisne. The chief command of the French armlies had passed in the preceding December from General JoflEre to General Robert Nivelle, who had won great fame at Verdun. It was he who directed this battle. The en- tire German first line was taken in the open- ing rush, and in the succeeding three weeks the French captured such strong points as Vailly, Fort de Conde, Craonne and, final- ly, the greater part of the Chemin des Dames, driving the Germans back to the Ailette River. Although his success had been brilliant and he appeared on the eve GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 25 of still greater triumphs, Nivelle was re- moved from command, nominally because his losses had been so heavy as to alarm the government lest his rashness should exhaust French man-power. He was suc- ceeded by the very competent General Re- tain, who, after resting and reforming his armies during the summer, resumed the at- tack in October, taking Fort de Malmaison and completing the conquest of the Chemin des Dames. With these exceptions, no im- portant operations were attempted by the French during 1917. Marshal Haig continued the tactics which had proved so successful at Vimy by attack- ing Messines ridge, north of Armentieres, on June 9th. The German positions had been mined and the explosion was so tre- mendous that it was heard as far away as London. The ridge was easily carried. The British then shifted their concentra- tion still farther to the north and on July 31st began the fourth battle of Ypres. The plan here followed was to strike for limit- ed objectives, organize the positions gained, advance the artillery and after a sufficient interval repeat the operation. No less than twelve of these separate attacks were made along the great curving front of the Ypres salient between July and November. The British invariably gained ground and by November 6th they had taken Passchenda- ele, the last high ground remaining to the Germans in Belgian Flanders, but the sea- son was now too late to admit of further progress. An epochal incident occurred on October 20th, when five German Zeppelins, return- ing from a bombing raid on London, were brought down by British and French air- planes. This marked the inglorious end of an instrument of warfare on which the Germans had counted greatly at the begin- ning of the war, since it appealed particu- larly to their hope that they could gain the submission of their enemies by ruthless de- struction of non-combatant life and prop- erty. The Zeppelins did frightful work among civilians, but they were merely mur- der machines of little military use, and the chances of terrible death for the crews soon became greater than the prospects of gaining any advantage by using them. The exact number destroyed is uncertain, but the Allies had records of at least sixteen prior to this sensational event of October 20th. If the Russian revolution delayed Ger- man plans for an offensive concentration in the west, the triumph of the Bolsheviki came early enough to enable the Germans to spare forces for an attempt to crush Italy. The Italians had begun an ofi'ensive on the Isonzo in May, which gained some ground, and heavy fighting occurred all along the Italian front during most of the summer. In August they made their great- est eflfort of the war up to that time. They crossed the Isonzo above Gorizia and in six days of terrific fighting expelled the Aus- trians from the supposedly impregnable Bainsizza plateau, taking the dominating peak of Monte Santo. Monte San Gabriele was taken three weeks later, and it ap- peared that the Italians not only had Trieste in their grasp, but would break completely through to Laibach. The Germans, however, were preparing a terrible counter-stroke. It fell on Octo- ber 21st at Caporetta, near Tolmino. Not onlj^ had the Italian leaders failed to de- tect the concentration of German troops on this sector, in place of the less formidable Austrians who had hitherto opposed them, but they had also been unable to prevent the undermining of their own morale by the same kind of Socialist propaganda which the Germans had employed with such success in Russia. It was said that the fraternizing soldiers had reached a com- pact that neither side would obey orders to fight the other. Only the Italians kept the agreement, and some 250,000 of them paid the penalty by death or imprisonment. The disaster appeared overwhelming. Not only were the Italians forced to aban- don the Bainsizza and Carso plateaus and Gorizia, but they were driven back across 26 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR the Venetian plain, first to the Tagliamen- to River, and then to the Piave. It appear- ed that Italy must suffer Russia's fate. Yet, without assistance, in a battle on the Piave only three weeks after their rout, the Ital- ians brought the invaders to a stand. This was one of the most marvelous rallies in military history. It was Italy's battle of the Marne, but in some respects an even greater achievement, since the Italians had suffered a much more serious defeat than the French and British had endured prior to the Marne. Following this event, the United States, on December 7th, came to the support of Italy by declaring war on Austria-Hun- gary. The most brilliant campaign of the year was fought in Palestine. After the con- quest of Serbia and the withdrawal of the British from Gallipoli, the Germans enter- tained high hopes of carrying the war into Egypt. Adopting the maxim that the best defense is a strong offensive, the British moved out into the desert of Sinai and af- ter several sharp actions crossed it. They were obliged to construct a railroad and water-supply system as they advanced, but by the end of October they had accumu- lated a sufficient force under General Alien- by to attack Gaza and Beersheba. Both places were carried. Jaffa fell soon after- ward, and on December 10th Jerusalem was occupied. The task which had baffled the Lion-hearted Richard seven centuries be- fore was accomplished. To offset the Italian disaster, the Brit- ish on November 1st made their first at- tack on the Hindenburg line before Cam- brai. The line was fairly pierced, but by counter-attacks during the next two weeks the Germans rebuilt their front, leaving the British in a sharp salient. The accession of Georges Clemenceau to the premiership of France in November brought new vigor to the conduct of the French government. The Italian disaster had been the only reverse to Allied arms in 1917, but the peace with the Russians now enabled the Germans to mass their forces on the wes- tern front, as they had expected to do the year before. There appeared still to be ample time, as the United States had sent less than 300,000 men to France and had not even produced enough rifles and ma- chine guns to arm its levies, while it had hardly begun to turn out cannon, airplanes and other important material. The actual direction of the German armies now passed to the Quartermaster General, von Luden- dorff, although Hindenburg remained chief of staff. The great offensive, of which the Allies had received only the vaguest warning, started on March 21st against the Fifth British army under General Gough near La Fere, Gough's army broke under the blow. Its retreat forced it toward the north and opened a steadily widening gap be- tween the British and French. But the British General rallied a nondescript force of army workmen, cooks, attendants and others, including an American battalion of railroad track-layers, who became the first American troops actually to get into bat- tle. With the co-operation of the French General Fayolle, the gap was thus closed, but the Germans in seven days had swept over the entire territory abandoned the year before and had passed the old front of 1914-16, taking both Albert and Mont- didier. The salient into which they had entered, however, was too narrow. For the pur- pose of widening it they faced toward the north and on the 28th struck heavily south of Arras. If the British had given way there, the entire front must have collapsed, and the Germans could have driven on to Amiens, if not to the sea, separating the French and British armies. But the Brit- ish held. A successful attack by the French be- tween Lassigny and Noyon further nar- rowed the salient, and while the Germans made more attacks on both its sides and its apex, they could not enlarge it. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 27 The disaster had the effect of bringing the Alhes at last to adopt the plan, long under discussion, of putting all their ar- mies under a unified command, and the French General Ferdinand Foch was chos- en for this leadership. Henceforth the ar- mies of all the Allied nations were handled strategically as a single force. After a short advance against the French south of Chauny, intended probably to de- ceive the Allies as to where the next blow was to fall, the Germans on April 9th struck again on the front before Armen- tieres. The Portuguese division, which was the first to receive the blow, broke. Ar- mentieres and the Messines ridge were ta- ken, and on the 12th, Marshal Haig told his troops that they were fighting with their backs to the wall and must hold at all costs. Nevertheless, the Germans took Mont Kemmel and Bailleul, driving a sal- ient fifteen miles deep up the valley of the Lys River, before they were, finally, brought to a halt on the 29th. The arrival at a critical moment of a French reinforce- ment demonstrated the value of the unified command. To shorten their front and protect their flank, the British were obliged to retire from all the ground before Ypres which they had won in the preceding fall, but they still held the ruined city. But the worst blow fell on May 27th along the Chemin des Dames, when the Germans in a single rush, not only carried the whole of that position, but swept on across the Aisne and the Ourcq. In five days they were again on the Marne. Cha- teau Thierry was taken on June 2d and the Marne was crossed in force. The road to Paris had apparently been opened. Never before or afterward during the entire war were French troops so completely broken. But the events of the spring had at last aroused the United States to a realization of what it had to do, and there had been rushed into France forces on which the Germans had little reckoned. France was furnishing cannon and airplanes; Britain was supplying ships. As many as 300,000 American troops per month had been land- ed in France, and the reserves and replace- ments necessary to enable the units which had been longest trained to take the field were at last available. The Americans had repulsed several German trench raids, not- ably at Seicheprey on April 20th, and on May 29th the First American divieion had delivered a successful local offensive at Cantigny, near Montdidier. The time had come to put them to the supreme test. On June 2d the Fifth and Sixth regiments of marines arrived before Chateau Thierry and on the 6th and 7th they sustained and repulsed an attack by the Prussian Guard. Taking the offensive on the 10th and 11th, the Second Division drove forward into Belleau Wood, and by the 13th the Germans realized that for the moment, at least, their road was blocked. The open gateway to Paris had been closed. Following his plan of scattering his blows, Ludendorff now turned to a new sec- tor, and on June 9th attacked on a 20-mile front between Noyon and Montdidier. This stroke, however, was comparatively weak, and although the Germans gained some ground, they were brought to a halt within three days without succeeding in their pur- pose of widening the Marne salient. Ludendorff now called on his ally to at- tempt a diversion. On June 15th the Aus- trians attacked along the entire line of the Piave and in the adjoining mountain sec- tor. They crossed the river at several points and for some days made progress, particu- larly on the Montello ridge, but the Itali- ans showed the same spirit that had stop- ped the enemy the fall before, and by the 25th the Austrians had been driven back across the river. The Italians followed up their success by clearing entirely the Piave delta, thereby relieving Venice from bom- bardment. This was the least successful of any of the Teutonic drives of the year except the one which was immediately to follow. The Germans were still confident. Only 28 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR advanced forces had been stopped about Chateau Thierry in June, and a position had been gained from which one more hmge as successful as any of the four which had been made since the season opened would certainly put Paris in German hands. The city had been intermittently shelled since March 23d by a marvelous new gun located in the Saint Gobian forest, seventy-six miles away, but like most other German surprises, the weapon proved to be more an instrument of murder than of war. From the Marne salient Paris could be more effectively reached by long-range can- non and all the area between the front and the capital could be shelled. During the month that he allowed his troops to rest, Ludendorff accumulated an enormous quan- tity of material in the salient and massed reserves as thickly as the ground would permit. On July 15th the supreme effort began, not only on the Marne, but also on the Champagne sector between Reims and the Argonne. General Gouraud in the Cham- pagne adopted the plan of withdrawing his front line at the first attack to prepared positions from which a withering fire was opened on the Germans as they advanced to occupy the abandoned ground. The at- tack here, which many critics believed to be the main one, failed completely. About Chateau Thierry the German ad- vance gained some ground at first. Here the Third American division was in line. This was, however, a battle of all nations, for, besides the main body of French, there were British and Italian divisions between Chateau Thierry and Reims and more American contingents with Gouraud. Three days of desperate attack left the Germans virtually in their old positions. This time the Ludendorff tactics had failed. And now Foch was ready for a counter- blow. Massing his reserves along the west side of the salient between Chateau Thier- ry and Soissons, he delivered an attack on the 18th which turned the tide of the war. Four American divisions — the First, Sec- ond, Third and 26th — took part in this bat- tle, making it the first in which American troops had fought in the proportions of an army. They were, however, all brigaded with the French. The success of Foch's attack on the west side of the salient compelled the Germans to retreat from the Marne to the Ourcq. Chateau Thierry was reoccupied on the 21st. On the 29th and 30th the French and Americans fought another severe battle in the region of Sergy, the 42d, 28th and 32d divisions taking part. By August 3d the Germans had recrossed the Vesle, leaving behind or blowing up a great part of the enormous store of munitions which they had piled up in the salient. The loss of this material affected them seriously. The 4th, 5th, 28th, 32d and 77th divisions par- ticipated in subsequent fighting on the Vesle river. Allowing the Germans no time for re- covery, the British under General Rawlin- son and the French under Debeney attack- ed the front before Amiens on August 8th. Montdidier was recovered and the advance swept forward for several days until it was halted temporarily before Chaulnes and Roye. On the 12th, Humbert's French army at- tacked the great massif south of Lassigny, which had been lost a month before. By the 21st, Lassigny had been retaken, and the Germans were occupying their old front between Lassigny and Noyon. Mean- while, on the 17th, the attack had been ex- tended east of the Oise by Mangin's army, which was soon in position to face east and hammer against the flank of the German position on the Aisne and the Chemin des Dames. On the 21st Byng's British army struck between Albert and Arras, regain- ing in one day much of the ground for which the British had fought six months the year before. By the 29th the British were again across the Somme and the Ger- mans were in full retreat for the Hinden- burg line. On September 2d the first great outwork GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 2d of the Hindenburg line fell when the Brit- ish smashed through the Drocourt-Queant switch .line, against which they had ham- mered in vain the fall before. This was one of the great feats of the war. These successes along the Somme and the Oise and the Marne left the Germans unable to support the troops in the Lys sa- lient. Mont Kemmel and Bailleul were re- covered and the remainder of the salient was gradually eliminated with little effort. American troops of the 27th and 30th di- visions took part in these operations. Staggering under this succession of re- verses, the Germans on the 12th received another bloAv in an unexpected quarter when General Pershing with an army, all American, except a single corps of French, attacked both sides of the Saint Mihiel sa- lient. Saint Mihiel was retaken, the sa- lient straightened out, and the Americans found themselves before Metz, having tak- en 16,000 prisoners and 443 guns with only 7,000 casualties in their own ranks. The American divisions used were the 4th, 26th, 1st, 42d, 89th, 2d, 5th, 90th and 82d. And now the Bulgarians were to learn that they had picked the wrong side. On September 14th, General Franchet d'Es- perey, who had succeeded General Serrail in command of the Macedonian front, loosed the reorganized Serbian army in a flank attack across supposedly impractica- ble mountains east of Monastir. The Ser- bians penetrated the Cerna valley and swept on to the Vardar. Part of the Bul- garian troops, with their supporting Aus- trian contingent, were driven northwest toward Albania, where the Italians and French fell upon them. The main Bulga- rian positions in the Vardar valley about I^ake Dorian were attacked, and the Brit- ish, French and Greek troops swept over them. Only sixteen days after the drive began, the Bulgarians sent commissioners to General d'Esperey and surrendered at his dictation. The first of the four Cen- tral Powers was done for. But the Macedonian front had become on- ly a sector of this great Allied line from the North Sea to the Tigris River. On September 20th General Allenby attacked the Turks north of Jerusalem. Breaking through with his cavalry along the coast he cut the Turkish communications at Na- zareth on the 22d. Those of the Turks who did not surrender were driven across the Jordan into the desert, where they fell in- to the hands of the Arabs. Virtually all of their material in Palestine was captured. Damascus and Aleppo were occupied with- out opposition, and on October 31st, after seeing the surrender of what was left of her army in Mesopotamia, Turkey followed the example of Bulgaria by throwing her- .'^elf on the mercy of the Allies. On September 27th the British began the preliminary bombardment of the Hin- denburg line. Brigaded with them were two American divisions — the 30th, from North Carolina, South Carolina and Ten- nessee, and the 27th, made up of the New York National Guard and including the 108th regiment, formerly the 74th of Buf- falo. It fell to the 30th, with the 27th sup- porting on the left, to be the first to pierce the Hindenburg line. Australians and British pressed the attack, and by October 8th the entire German front between Cam- brai and Saint Quentin had been smashed. On September 29th the Belgian army was unleashed. With British, French and American contingents co-operating, the Belgians quickly recovered the ground be- fore Ypres which had been abandoned by the British in the spring, and by October 18th Ostend, Zeebrugge and Bruges had been recaptured and the advancing line was before Ghent. The 37th and 91st were the American divisions used in this operation. These successes forced the Germans to evacuate the entire Lille-Lens district and to fall back on Courtrai and Valenciennes. The echoes of Saint Mihiel had hardly died out before General Pershing again at- tacked on a new sector. There were now more than 2,000,000 American troops in France of 3,665,000 that had been raised 30 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR and the battle of the Meuse was fought entirely by American forces, with no Allied contingents, though the French co-operated by attacking vigorously west of the Ar- gonne. The attack began on the front between the Argonne forest and the Meuse River on September 26th. In the course of the battle the following divisions were used: The 77th, 28th, 35th, 91st, 37th, 79th, 80th, 33d, 29th, 1st, 3d, 5th, 15th, 32d, 82d, 78th, 42d, 90th, 89th, 4th and 2d. The German first line was carried in the opening rush. On October 4th a second general attack was made and, by the 10th, the Argonne forest had been entirely cleared. The Kreimhilde line, on which the Germans had depended for their final stand on this sec- tor, was penetrated on the 14th. On No- vember 6th, the Americans had reached a point on the Meuse opposite Sedan, but the honor of reentering that historic city was fittingly left to the French. The 77th division, made up of National Army troops mostly from New York and Buffalo, had the left of the line, actually in the Argonne forest, from September 26th until after the capture of Grand Pre on Oc- tober 15th, when the 78th division, also New York troops, took position on its left. The 77th remained in line until the armis- tice on November 11th. Forty German divisions had been used up against 21 American divisions, many of them composed of troops which were en- tering battle for the first time. The Americans then turned eastward, forced the passage of the Meuse and began an advance toward the Briey coal fields, but meanwhile the British had taken Val- enciennes, Tournai and Maubeuge and the French had made big advances on the Aisne-Champagne front. The Germans had had enough. The war was not to end, however, with- out one last success by the Italians. On October 27th they crossed the Piave and shattered the Austrian front. The Aus- train government frantically sent an ap- peal to President Wilson, asking an armis- tice and peace. Failing to receive an en- couraging response, it sent commissioners direct to General Diaz. The Italians occu- pied Trent, Rovereto and Trieste before ] they accepted the Austrian surrender on November 3d. As early as October 6th Germany had asked President Wilson to ascertain what peace terms might be obtained, but is was not believed that she seriously meant to surrender. Continued Allied victories forced her to repeat the overture. The breaking of the Kreimhilde line and ap- proach to Sedan threatened to cut off en- tirely the retreat of her armies in France and Belgium. On the 27th came a note saying that Germany awaited the Allies' terms. The Allied war council on Novem- ber 4th, agreed on the conditions which it would impose ; the Germans signed, and on November 11th at 11 A. M. the armistice went into effect. The Kaiser had abdicated two days earlier and fled to Holland. The great war was ended. German imperial- ism had been crushed forever. The Germans evacuated Belgium, Alsace- Lorraine and Luxemburg, agreed to Allied occupation of the three principal Rhine crossings at Mayence, Coblenz and Cologne with the bridgeheads east of the Rhine op- posite these cities, surrendered the best of their cannon, machine guns, airplanes and a great quantity of railroad and other transportation material and turned over the bulk of their fleet, including al] their submarines. The American losses reported up to May 14, 1919, were 45,815 killed in action, 23,015 by disease and 5,336 from other causes, 202,481 wounded, 4,534 prisoners and 3,718 missing. Marine corps losses, 5,950. As against this casualty total, the American forces captured about 44,000 prisoners and 1,400 guns, howitzers and trench mortars. The total British casualties were 3,049,- 991, of whom 706,700 were killed. I GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 31 The French had 1,327,800 killed and more than 3,000,000 wounded. The Italians lost 460,000 killed and 947,000 wounded. The Russian casualties were roughly computed at 9,150,000 men of whom 1,700,- 000 were killed. The German casualties were above 6,873,410, with 2,050,460 killed, and 4,207,- 028 wounded. The total Austrian casual- ties were above 4,000,000. The losses of the smaller states were also enormous. The total direct cost of the war was es- timated at above $200,000,000,000. When the World War ended on Novem- ber 11, 1918, the armed forces of 25 na- tions of the globe had been hurling their armies against each other for more than four years in the most colossal struggle of history. After a conflict without parallel, it ended in its 52d month with a casualty total nearing the ten million mark. Set off by the murder of an ordinary Aus- trian archduke on June 28, 1914, by a Ser- bian political fanatic, the conflagration which had threatened the peace of Europe for decades was thus destined to embroil the leading powers of the world in the most costly and bloody strife knoMm to man. After a month's diplomatic argument over the affair, Austria formally openeci 'hostilities with her declaration of war or. Serbia. General mobilization followed quickly in Russia; a ''state of war" was al- most immediately declared in Germany. Then on August 1st Germany declared war on Russia, following this with an ultima- tum to Belgium demanding that her troops be given free passage across that country. On August 3d, the Teutons included France ' in their list of enemies. This was follow- ed next day by an ultimatum to Germany from Great Britain demanding that the neutrality of Belgium be respected. When this assurance was not granted by Emper- or Wilhelm, Great Britain declared war on •Germany. A quick succession of war de- clarations finally involved the greater share of Europe by the end of the summer. Mad with the ruthless spirit of conquest the Central Powers marched their armies off to war in grand fashion, boasting that they would return by Christmas time, the conquerors of Europe. Their amazing preparations for the dream of world power almost brought within their grasp the greedy ambition of the Junkers. The initial success of the German army in its advance through Belgium and on to- ward Paris astounded the world. England and France reeled and staggered before the terrific onslaught of the famous Prussian Guards and the other crack armies of the Central Powers. Swept off her feet almost by the spectacular aggression of the ene- my, the fate of France virtually hung from a thread as the invaders triumphantly swept on and on. Early in September, when they were practically within reach of Paris, the tide was turned against them in the battle of the Marne, September 6-10. The French themselves attribute their good fortune at this point to the hand of the Almighty rather than to their superior military strength at the time. This marked the enemy's point of farthest advance. The atrocities of the advancing Huns during the months of their early triumphs and conquest have been called infamous by conservative journalists and correspon- dents. Suffice to say, their bloodthirsty ambition to rule and conquer the wor.d knew no bounds, and that their acts and deeds of disgrace will forever remain one of the darkest of the many blotches brought on the German people during the European war. Believing that the United States had no part to play in the war at that time. President Woodrow Wilson, on August 4, 1914, officially proclaimed the neutrality of the United States. The war was thus confined to Europe for many months, a struggle mainly between the two great Eu- 32 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR ropean Alliances — the Triple Alliance com- posing Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, against the Triple Entente, compos- ing England, Russia and France. Italy, originally a member of the Triple Alli- ance, but later one of the chief powers of the Allies, did not enter the war until 1915. She then declared war on all of Germany's Allies, but did not break with Germany herself until late in 1916. Before the war she was a member of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria but severed this connection to fight with the Allies. After the marvelous advances of the first year, the great battle line in Europe remained practically stationary for nearly three years and extended over more than 300 miles. The large armies of each force fought doggedly, suffered heroically and died willingly, in a mighty death-grip whose battles surpassed the most famous of previous wars for loss of life and de- struction of property. The superb Armies of the Russians in the Eastern theater kept the attention of a large German force occupied and away from the Western Front. This fact aided the Allies tremendously and probably pre- vented a German Peace in the second and third years of the war. It was while France, England and Italy were staggering before the last big offen- sive of the enemy early in 1918 that Amer- ica's force was thrown into the balance in substantial numbers. Her declaration of war against Germany on April 6, 1917, grew out of the Central Powers' failure to recognize the rights of neutrals on the high seas. Repeatedly the rights of the United States were violated, and just as repeatedly Germany refused to discontinue her ruthless program of submarine warfare against the world. The sinking of the Lusitania on May 7, 1915, without warning and with the loss of 1,154 lives, 114 of whom were Americans, was regarded by a great many as just cause for a declaration of war against Germany. The President and Congress, believing dif- ferently, failed to act, and it was not until more sinkings of women and children that the United States decided to step into the breach herself. Regarded as a mere "bluff" by her ad- versaries, the United States' entrance ap- parently failed to cause undue anxiety in Berlin. With an unprepared democracy for another enemy in which a great many were believed to have been opposed to war, j Germany had little cause for worry, she ■ declared. But America went to work. The act produced an electrical effect on her people | and almost instantly united her various fac- tions, creeds, parties, and nationalities for one purpose — to crush Germany and her Allies. She became a workshop, with no hours, in her determination to end the Eu- i ropean fight victoriously, and thus save de- mocracy for the world. Every effort was bended to the cause, every penny of wealth was eagerly held ready for the call, and ev- ery atom of energy was expended in her feverish haste to redeem mankind. Her sons by the hundreds of thousands rushed to the colors, as their fathers did in the wars of their day, to see another vic- tory added to the flag which had never known defeat. That the distribution of soldiers throughout the land might be as nearly equitable as possible. Congress pass- ed the Selective Service Act in May, 1918, the greatest mobilization machinery devel- oped by any of the 25 nations at war. Naturally there were obstacles and de- lays. A nation's task in rising up over night to send a formidable force three thou- sand miles overseas to fight for world free- dom is not the kind that can be accomplish- ed without some disorder and delay. But loyalty and union did it, and on June 26, 1917, only two months after the declara- tion of war, the first American doughboy landed on French soil. On November 3, 1917, the Yanks had their first clash with the Germans. On January 31, 1918, a re- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 33 port reached America that American in- fantrymen were occupying- first line trenches for the first time. By this time the United States had de- clared a state of war existing with Austria- Hungary, Germany's chief ally, and had swung her domestic machinery into the greatest war machine conceivable. She had begun to raise by popular bond subscrip- tions billions of dollars to supply guns and munitions, and food and clothes, for the boys who were going over to France to do the job. Four Liberty Loans were floated during the war, and the total subscriptions to these amounted to between eighteen and nineteen billions of dollars. This amount was taken by more than 50 million sub- scribers, and was to be only an insignifi- cant factor in the financing of the war, ac- cording to the Treasury Department. This cost when compared with the total cost of the Civil War for four years — approxi- mately $4,000,000,000— is proof enough that the World War was not comparable with any previous war in history. In April, 1919, following the armistice, an- other Fifth or Victory Loan of approxi- mately the same dimensions as the Fourth, was floated. The wonderfully prompt and generous response of the nation to each of the calls of the Liberty Loans was one of the greatest sources of inspiration for the men in uniform who had gone to fight for those at home. The same patriotic gener- osity that marked the success of the Lib- erty Loan was evident in each of the scores of war work drives that were conducted for the various relief and welfare organi- zations. Food conservation — conservation of man-power, the work or fight order, the noble work of the women who sewed and knitted night and day for the Red Cross I and the boys, the curtailment of profits and simple economy that was practiced by rich and poor alike, were but a few of the many war-time measures that character- ized the life of America's hundred and some millions during the year and a half during which she was at war. No history of that war will ever have room for a just story of the part played by the loyal home folks — those who waited and prayed, and worked and gave, to keep the home fires burning. Foremost among the initial problems of America, after preliminary plans for the raising of her army had been laid, was the problem of transporting them to France, so that their strength might be thrown against the Hun on the battlefield. Ship- ping was not available, and even though it was being increased at maximum capac- ity, still there was not more than half as much as was needed to transport the men in the numbers they were being trained and in the numbers they were needed by France and England and Italy. England gladly placed her available shipping at the disposal of the United States, and before the war had ended she had carried more than one million Yanks to the side of her own men and those of the French, or nearly half of those who had gone overseas. The story of the activities of America's two million doughboys and marines in France is one which should be told in volumes rather than in paragraphs. From the time of their first clash with the Ger- mans on November 3, 1917, until they "let go" the last unwelcome guests against Fritz's lines early November 11, 1918 — their deeds are a succession of coura- geous and brilliant performances of duty, "When I think of their heroism, their patience under hardships, and their un- flinching spirit of offensive action, I am filled with emotion which I am unable to express," General John J. Pershing declar- ed in commending the officers and soldiers of the line of the American Army. "Their deeds are immortal, and they have earned the eternal g-ratitude of our country." This simple tribute to the brave Ameri- can lads who fought and died in France is indicative of America's reverence for 34 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR her heroic armies. Their glory and fame will always live by the side of the deeds of their forbears in previous wars. In May, 1917, shortly after war was de- clared, General Pershing, well-known for his punitive expedition into Mexico, was selected by the War Department to com- mand the American Expeditionary Forces that were to go to France. After gather- ing about him a small staff the General set sail. His reception in both England and France was only equalled by the readiness of the commanders of both armies to co- operate with the United States in the prose- cution of the war, according to the Gen- eral's own report. His general staff was organized in a short time and detailed plans worked out for the organization and training of the millions of American soldiers who were ex- pected in France to help finish the Hun. Training areas, designed to give the final seasoning to fresh troops arriving from the States before their entry into the front lines, and officers' schools for the various arms of the service were established. Extensive construction provided vast warehouses, supply depots, munition store- houses, and the like for the huge task ahead. Although France offered much in the way of both ordnance and quartermas- ter property for use by the American Ar- my, still enormous quantities of materials of all kinds had to be brought across the Atlantic. Flocking into the Army from civil life were thousands of professional and busi- ness men with splendid talent along the lines needed to build up this immense ser- vice of supply that was to keep the A. E. F. in action. To meet the shortage of sup- plies due to lack of shipping, representa- tives of the various supply departments were constantly in search of supplies and materials in Europe. A general purchas- ing agency was provided, in order to bet- ter co-ordinate the purchasing and to pre- vent competition between departments of the army. So successful was this system in the American Army that it was almost universally adopted by the armies of the Allies before the war had ended. "Our entry into the war found us with few of the auxiliaries necessary for its conduct in the modern sense," General Pershing declared in his official report. "Among our most important deficiencies in material were artillery, aviation and tanks. In order to meet our requirements as quickly as possible we accepted the of- fer of the French Government to provide us from their own factories with the nec- essary artillery equipment for thirty di- visions. In aviation we were in the same situation and here again the French Gov- ernment came to our aid until we were able to get our own air service program under way. The necessary planes to train the air service personnel were provided and we secured from the French a total of 2,676 pursuit, bombing and observation planes. The first planes to arrive from America came in May, 1918, and a total of 1,379 were received during the war. The first American squadron completely equip- ped by American production, including airplanes, crossed the German lines on Au- gust 7, 1918. For tanks we also were com- pelled to rely upon the French. We were less fortunate here, however, for the rea- son that the French were scarcely able to meet their own production requirements in this respect. It should be remembered by every American that the French Gov- ernment always took a most liberal atti- tude in endeavoring to supply the short- ages existing in the American Army." Speaking of the soldiers in Europe Gen- eral Pershing outlines with words of praise the work done by the various welfare or- ganizations and of the responsive attitude found among the soldiers by these organ- izations. "The welfare of the troops touches my responsibility as Commander-in-Chief to the mothers and fathers and kindred of the men who went to France in the impres- sionable period of youth. They could not GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 35 have the privilege accorded the soldiers of Europe during their leaves of visiting their relatives and renewing their home ties. Fully realizing that the standard of conduct that should be established for them must have a permanent influence on their lives and the character of their future citi- zenship, the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Knights of Co- lumbus, the Salvation Army and the Jew- ish Welfare Board, as auxiliaries in this work, were encouraged in every manner possible. The fact that our soldiers, in a land of different customs and language, have borne themselves in a manner in keep- ing with the cause for which they fought, is due not only to the efforts in their be- half, but much more to other high ideals, their discipline, and their innate sense of self-respect. It should be recorded, how- ever, that the members of these welfare so- cieties have been untiring in their desire to be of real service to our officers and men. The patriotic devotion of these rep- resentative men and women has given a new significance to the Golden Rule, and we owe to them a debt of gratitude that can never be entirely repaid." The First Division of the American Ar- my, after finishing its preliminary train- ing behind the lines, went to the trenches for the first time in October, 1917, as the first contribution to the fighting forces of the Allies. By the time that the great German offensive in Picardy began, on March 21, 1918, the American army had four experienced divisions in the line. The great crisis that this drive developed, how- ever, made it impossible for the Americans . to take over a sector by themselves. Grad- ually, as their numbers increased and more reserves, fresh from the States, were placed in training behind the lines, the American boys went in in substantial numbers. Al- ready they had displayed their splendid fighting qualities and had demonstrated that as soldiers they had no superiors. In- cidentally, it did not take them long to convince the enemy that contrary to their own opinions, they themselves were not in- vincible. On August 30, 1918, the American forces took over the first American sector, in pre- paration for the St. Mihiel offensive. The American line was soon extended across the Meuse River to the west edge of the Ar- gonne Forest. The concentration of tanks, aviation units, artillery equipment, and materials of all kinds for this first great American offensive was enormous. The scores of elements of a complete army were moulded together, with American railroad and American service of supply units throughout. The concentration included the bringing up of approximately 600,000 troops. The French Independent Air Force, together with British bombing un- its and American Air forces, placed the greatest aviation personnel that ever took part in any Western Front offensive under the direct command of General Pershing. On the day after they had taken the St. Mihiel salient a great share of the corps and army artillery that had operated in that offensive were on the move toward the area back of the line between the Meuse River and the western edge of the Ar- gonne. The German General Staff was well aware of the consequences of an Amer- ican success along this line, and it was de- termined to use every available American division in an effort to force a decision at this point. The attack began on Septem- ber 26th. The work of the American army and of the American engineers in this drive will forever remain in the memory of generations to come. Forcing their way through the densely wooded and shell torn areas, their fight was one of the most bril- liant battles of the war. The offensive was maintained until October 4th in the face of innumerable wooded patches of snipers and concealed machine gunners. Fresh troops with little experience were thrown in with their seasoned comrades, who had become veterans over night with this most crucial battle as their teacher. The second phase began with a renewed at- 36 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR tack all along the front on October 4th. More positions were taken with a precision and speed that always characterized the Yank army. Their dogged offensive was wearing down the enemy, who, continuing desperately by throwing his best troops against them, was helpless before the spec- tacular advance. At this juncture two divisions were dis- patched to Belgium to help the French ar- my near Ypres. On October 23d, the last phase of the Meuse-Argonne offensive be- gan. Violent counter attacks by the ene- my cost him heavily, while a regrouping of the American force was going on for the final drive. Plain evidences of loss of mo- rale in the enemy forces gave our men ad- ded courage and spirit, and finally, using comparatively fresh divisions, the last ad- vance was begun on November 1st. It was apparent at this time that the end was near for the Boche. Our increased artil- lery support did remarkable work in sup- porting the infantry, which by its dashing advance of the several weeks preceding had destroyed the Hun's will to resist. Between September 26th and Novem- ber 6th they had taken 26,059 prisoners and 468 guns on this front. The divisions engaged in this, the most important of America's battles in the Eu- ropean war, were the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 26th, 28th, 29th, 32d, 33d, 35th, 37th, 42d, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 82d, 89th, 90th and 91st. Many of these divisions remained in line for a length of time that required nerves of steel while still others were put back in the line after only a few days of rest. When the armistice was signed follow- ing a complete routing of the enemy by Americans in the Argonne Forest there were in France, according to General Per- shing, approximately 2,053,347 troops, less the casualties. Of this total there were 1,338,169 combatant troops. In this short summary of the principal activities of the United States' part in the great war it is obviously impossible to more than skim over the various features of the great war machinery. The heroism and gallantry of the boys who fought and died over there ; the unceasing devotion and courage of the parents and citizens at home who stood by them so unselfishly; and the determination of everyone, young and old, to unite for the common cause, setting aside their personal desires and in- terests, was responsible for the glorious victory in which America was so conspic- uously instrumental in bringing about. Outstripping a hundredfold the dimensions of any previous war of the United States, the task accomplished was a revelation to all when viewed in retrospect. The ac- complishments of the Liberty Loans, the devotion of the millions of mothers and sis- ters in behalf of the Red Cross, the won- derful response of the country to the ope- ration of the Selective Service Act in rais- ing an army of millions — the sacrifices of all, at home and abroad, were universal during the year and a half at which Ameri- ca was at war. Loyalty and love of country were terms with new meanings. Sedition was lurking only here and there, and this was prompt- ly done away with through the efficient secret service department and popular opinion. The four million American boys who were under arms, many of them at the front and the remainder eager for the chance to jump in, convinced the world that the fighting blood that gave birth to their nation had not been diluted through the riotous living of a century. The brave lads who gave their lives and are now buried over there went to their fate with hearts full of joy, and in a manner that gave courage to the veterans of four years who fought beside them. And their brave mothers in the States who waited in vain for peace to bring their sons back to them, made the greatest sacrifices within their power with a courage and willingness that was unequalled even by the Spartans them- selves. When the history of the part taken by GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 37 the men from all countries, and of all na- tionalities, in the great European struggle is permanently written, there will be no more brilliant chapters than those telling of the part played by the men of Granville County in stamping out militaristic auto- cracy from the world. E Company, 120th Infantry Though the 120th Infantry saw heavy fighting in a number of battles, the larger part of its casualties occurred during the memorable engagement of the 29th of September, 1918, in the battle of Belli- court, when the Hindenburg Line, until then pronounced impregnable, was broken. The list of battles in which Company E fought and its roster, including the casual- ty list, as presented in this volume, was prepared by Sergt. James J. Walters, com- pany clerk. Company E, better known as the Gran- ville Grays, was the nucleus around which Company E, 120th Infantry, was built up. Before the war with Germany the Gran- ville Grays constituted Company E, 3rd Regiment, North Carolina National Guard. It traces its history still further back to the War Between the States, in which it rendered distinguished service as Company D, 12th Regiment, C. S. A. I HEADQUARTERS E COMPANY, 120TH INFANTRY, AMERICAN EXPE- DITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE, I MARCH 4, 1919 * RECORD OF COMPANY E, 120TH IN- FANTRY, FROM JULY 25, 1917, TO MARCH 10, 1919 Left United States for foreign service May 12, 1918. Arrived Liverpool, Eng- land, May 27, 1918. Arrived in France, May 29, 1918. Left France July 4, 1918. Arrived Herzeele, Belgium July 4, 1918. Left Belgium for France September 7, 1918. Arrived Wavrans, France, Septem- ber 7, 1918. BATTLES Holding lines in Vlamertinghe, Ypres sector, from June 16, 1918, to September 4, 1918. Company fought in the follovv^ing named battles: Bellicourt, September 29, 1918; Brancourt, October 12, 1918, to Octo- ber 13, 1918; Montbrehain, October 13-14, 1918; Busigny, Mazengheim, St. Souplet, October 14 to October 20, 1918. PLACES STATIONED AT Liverpool, England, May 27th. Folke- stone, England, May 28th, to May 29th, 1918. Calais, France, May 29, June 1, 1918. La Montre, June 1, to July 2, 1918. Watton, July 2, July 3, 1918. Rubrouck, July 3, July 4, 1918. Herzeele, July 4, July 10, 1918. Belgium, St. Jan Ter Biezen, July 10, 1918, to July 15, 1918. Poperinghe, July 15 to July 16, 1918. Ypres, July 16 to July 26, 1918. St. Jan Ter Biezen July 26, to August 2, 1918. Poperinghe, Au- gust 2, to August 10, 1918. St. Jan Ter Bi- ezen, August 10 to August 16, 1918. Pop- eringhe, August 16 to August 21, 1918. Ypres, August 21, to September 2, 1918. Poperinghe, September 2 to September 9, 1918. Proven, September 6 to September 7, 1918. France — Wavrans, September 7, 1918. Framscourt, September 7 to Sep- tember 17, 1918. Forceville, September 17 to September 23, 1918. Tincourt, Septem- ber 24, 1918. Hargicourt, September 24 to September 28. Bellicourt, September 29 to October 1, 1918. Tincourt, October 1 to October 2, 1918. Belloy, October 2 to Oc- tober 5, 1918. Tincourt, October 5 to Octo- ber 6, 1918. Bellicourt, October 6 to Octo- ber 8, 1918. Johncourt, October 8 to Octo- ber 9, 1918. Estrees, October 9 to October 38 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 12, 1918. Brancourt, October 12 to October 13, 1918. Montrebrehain, October 13 to October 14, 1918. Brancourt, October 14 to October 16, 1918. Fremont, October 16 to October 17, 1918. St. Souplet, October 17 to October 20, 1918. Busigny, October 20, 1918. Nauroy, October 21 to October 22, 1918. Tincourt, October 22 to October 23, 1918. Heilly, October 23 to October 24, 1918. Montigny, October 24 to No- vember 20, 1918. Beaumont, November 20 to November 21, 1918. Mezieres, November 21 to December 8, 1918. St. Sabine, Decem- ber 8 to January 2, 1919. La Bazoge, Jan- uary 2 to January 10, 1919. St. Sabine, January 10 to February 12, 1919. Soulegne, February 12 to February 13, 1919. For- warding Camp Le Mans, February 13, 1919. ROSTER OF OFFICERS WHO HAVE SERVED WITH THIS COMPANY SINCE JULY 25, 1917, TO MARCH 10, 1919 GIVING NAME, RANK AND ADDRESS Bogar, Basil A., 2nd Lieut., Creston, Iowa. Transferred to 30th division and assigned to E Company, 120th Infantry, from 42nd division, November 5, 1918. Donovan, Percy J., 2nd Lieut., Detroit, Mich. Assigned to company during the month of July, 1918, transferred to St. Nazaire, France, February 11, 1919. Ellington, James M., 1st Lieut., Oxford, N. C. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, from 1st Sergt., December, 1917 ; promoted from 2nd Lieut, to 1st Lieut., August 31, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918. Fuller, Elbert E., Captain, Oxford, N. C. Transferred to R. R. & C. service Sep- tember 23, 1918. Heald, Thomas J., 1st Lieut., Washing- ton, D. C. Transferred to battalion head- quarters as battalion adjutant in August, 1918. Hendley, J. Helmis, 1st Lieut., Columbia, S. C. Transferred from 3d division to 30th division assigned to E company, 120th infantry, transferred to St. Nazaire to ac- company casuals to U. S. Hoefner, John J., 2nd Lieut., Elmira, N. Y. Transferred to 30th division from ar- my candidates school, Langres, France, November 6, 1918; transferred to 3rd divi- sion January, 1919. Huntzinger, Frank E., 1st Lieut., Noble- ville, Indiana. Transferred from I Com- pany, this regiment, to E Company in Au- gust, 1918; killed in action in battle of Belhcourt September 29, 1918. Landis, William T., 1st Lieut., Oxford, N. C. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, from Ser- geant December, 1917 ; promoted from 2nd Lieut, to 1st Lieut., February, 1919. Wound- ed in action while holding lines in Ypres sector, Belgium ; wounded again on Sep- tember 29, 1918, in battle of Bellicourt. McConnell, Fred Y., 1st Lieut., Concord, N. C. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, from 1st Sergeant in July, 1918; assigned to A com- pany, 120th Infantry, transferred to E company in August, 1918, was slightly wounded on left cheek while holding lines in Ypres, Belgium, later wounded in battle of Bellicourt on right cheek. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in October, 1918, Killed in ac- tion October 18, 1918, near Mazenheim, France, and buried near same place. Morey, Edward J., 2nd Lieut., Omaha, Neb. Attached to company while holding lines in Ypres sector, Belgium; transferred to 92nd division. Murray, Edwin J., Captain, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Transferred from 3rd divis- ion to 30th division January, 1919 ; assign- ed to E company, 120th infantry. Poorman, Arthur G., Captain, Trans- | ferred from A company, this regiment, to E company, September 24, 1918; promot- ed to Captain September 30, 1918. Trans- ferred to officers training school La Val- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 39 JAMES M. ADCOCK Virgilina, Va. Pi-ivate, Company G, 166th Infantry 42nd Division. Born November 26, 1894. Son of R. W. Adcock. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas nine months. Honorably' dis- charged May 11, 1919. WILLIE BENJAMIN ADCOCK Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company H, 56th Pioneer Infantry, Third Army Corps. Born September 19, 1895. Son of M. F. Adcock. Entered service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Overseas ten months. Honorably discharged July 5, 1919. LEX A. ADCOCK R. F. D. 1, Moriah, N. C. Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born August 21, 1890. Son of J. B. Adcock. Entered service Oc- tober 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in battle of St. Quentin, France, October 10, 1918. Honorably discharged February 12, 1919. LKK AIKEN R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Private, Supply Company, 119th Infan- try, 30th Division. Born February 4, 1893. Son of Rodger Aiken. Entered service September 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas eleven months. Honorably discharged April 7, 1919. 40 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR borne, October 8, 1918; rejoined A com- pany, 120th infantry, January 8, 1919. Pouch, Harold F., 1st Lieut., New York, N. Y. Attached to company while holding lines in Ypres sector, Belgium; transferred to 42nd division, Pretlow, Barclay, 2nd Lieut., Franklin, Va. Attached to company while at Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C. Ray, Carl, Captain, Brownsville, Texas. Attached to company while at Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C. Steagall, James I., Captain, Oxford, N. C. Sent back to U. S. in August, 1918. Promoted from 1st Lieut, to Captain in September, 1918. Taylor, James A., 1st Lieut., Oxford, N. C. Promoted from 2nd Lieut, to 1st Lieut, in November, 1918; transferred to head- quarters, 30th division, as aerial observer, in August, 1918. Transferred to 120th infantry in December, 1918, as Regimen- tal Intelligence Officer. ROSTER OF ENLISTED MEN WHO HAVE SERVED WITH THIS COM- PANY SINCE JULY 25, 1917, TO MARCH 10, 1919 GIVING NAME, RANK AND ADDRESS Adcock, Alex G., Private, Roxboro, N. C. Ashley, Charlie S., Private, Warrenville, N. C. Killed in battle of Bellicourt, Sep- tember 29, 1918. Adcock, Ed. M., Private, Hamlet, N. C. Transferred to Central Records Office, in September, 1918. Adcock, Lex A., Private, Berea, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, Septem- ber, 29, 1918. Transferred to U. S. A. Ayers, Walter O., Private, Grumpier, N. C. Aiken, Roy, Sergt., Creedmoor, N. C. Transferred to army candidates school, Langres, France, October 1, 1918. Alfred, Charlie, Private, Bristol, Va. Alfrey, Lyther M., Private, Cogswell, Ky. Transferred from 84th division to .30th division and assigned to company E, 120th Infantry, March 29, 1918. Allwardt, Louis, Private, Plymouth, Wis. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division and assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November 10, 1918. Armes, Albert J., Private, Leslie, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, assigned to 30th division, and company E, 120th in- fantry, March 29, 1918. Armstrong, Clyde, Private, Stanley, Ky. Killed in action September 29, 1918, in bat- tle of Bellicourt. Anderson, Louis S., Corporal, Seymour, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, as- signed to 30th division, and company E, 120th Infantry, March 28, 1918. Arthur, James I., Private, Otway, N. C. Averett, Leland S., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Bane, Gaines N., Private, Rockwood, Tenn. Bane, John H., Private, Rockwood, Tenn. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to duty in Novem- ber, 1918. Bare, Curby, Private, Wagoner, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1918. Barker, Hawood, Private, Crutchfield, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th division, and assigned to company E, 120th infantry. Barker, John, Corporal, Park, Va. Trans- ferred from 81st division to 30th division in October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, later died of wounds; buried near Tincourt, France. Barnes Loyd, Private, West Park, Ohio. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November 10, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 41 ROY AIKEN Creedmoor, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born April 23, 1895. Son of Mrs. I. W. Bullock. Entered service June 24, 1916, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Overseas thirteen months. Honorably dis- charged July 16, 1919. THOMAS W. ALLEN Creedmoor, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born January 7, 1893. Son of G. L. Allen. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Corporal May 3, 1919. Honorably dis- clharged June 25, 1919. CLAUDE WILLIAM ALLEN Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Medical Dept., 119th Infantry, 30th Division. Born December 6, 1895. Son of G. L. Allen. Entered service March 23, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 11, 1918. Captured by Germans September 29, 1918, but re- captured by Americans in few hours. Wounded October 17, 1918. Honorably dis- charged January 14, 1919. RUFUS W. ALLGOOD R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born August 22, 1889. Son of J. J. Allgood. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Trans- ferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Honorably discharged March 21, 1919. 42 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Barr, Robert, Private, Bristol, Va. Transferred from 2nd Tennessee infantry to company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. Baldwin, John, Private, Grassy Creek, N. C. Basham, Alva N., Corporal, Irvington, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky., to 30th divi- sion and assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, March 29, 1918. Basnight, Will, Corporal, Oriental, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C, and assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Baxter, Wilbur P., Sergt., Petersburg, Va. Transferred to B company, 105th military police, January 29, 1918. BoUing, Norman R., Private, Mayesville, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918, returned to duty No- vember, 1918. Transferred from 81st di- vision. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th divi- sion, assigned to company E, 120th infan- try, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C. Bottoms, Temie L., Private, Beach, Va. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division and assigned to 120th infantry No- vember 10, 1918. BowHng, Kilor S., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Wounded in action near St. Souplet Octo- ber 12, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Boyette, Delia C, Corporal, Lucama, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep- tember 29, 1918, transferred to hospital September 29, 1918, reassigned to company December, 1918. Blackburn, Wiley W., Corporal, Grassy Creek, N. C. Transferred from 81st di- vision. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th divis- ion. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1918; wounded in action September 29, 1918, transferred to U. S. A. Bledsoe, Horton, Corporal, Todd, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry. Brady, Benjamin W., Mechanic, Hope Mills, N. C. Killed in action October 18, 1918, near Vaux Andigny, France, buried near same place. Brooks, Fielden F,, Corporal, Clifton, 1>. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th division, October, 1918, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry. Brown, Dewey S., Sergt., Mt. Ulla, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918. Brown, Virdie R., Private, Garfield, Ky. Transferred from 84th division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry March 29, 1918; wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Buckner, Grover C, Mechanic, Siler City, N. C. Wounded in action September 29, 1918. Transferred to 30th division from 81st division in October, 1918, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, in October 1917. Burleson, David, Private, Valley, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, and assign- ed to company E, 120th infantry. Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Byrum, John C, 1st Sergt., Edenton, N. C. Wounded in action September 29, 1918, in battle of Bellicourt, returned to U. S. A. Calhoun, Cortes, Private, Home address not known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Calhoun, Thomas F., Private, Jefferson, N. C. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Carnahan, William, Corporal, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 43 OLLIE B. ARRINGTON Hargrove, N. C. Wagoner, 377th Ambulance Company. Born April 29, 1894. Son of E. D. Arring- ton. Entered service June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharg- ed January 8, 1919. LELAND STANLEY AVERETT Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Com'pany E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Son of Thomas Jefferson and Lucy Averett. Born March 29, 1895. Entered service May 21, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. WILLIAM H. ARRINGTON R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Corporal, 334th Company, Motor Trans- port Corps. Born in Granville County. Son of W. I. Arrington. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Pro- moted to Corporal August 15, 1918. Hon- orably discharged April 3, 1919. EDWARD BRANSFORD BALLOU Oxford, N. C. Private, Students Army Training Corps. Born June 10, 1898. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Ballou. Entered service September, 1918, at Washington and Lee University. Honorably dischai'ged December, 1918. 44 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR ber, 1917. Transferred to hospital, at Halifax, N. S., in May, 1918, rejoined com- pany in Belgium, August, 1918. Killed in action September 29, 1918. Carey, Creed A., Private, Ellington, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infan- try, March 29, 1918. Carter, Francis M., Corporal, Burkes- ville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Carver, William C, Corporal, Woodsdale, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918. Chambers, Herman, Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred to quartermaster corps Camp Sevier, S. C, February 23, 1918. Chambers, Woodie, Private, Stem, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Clark, Fred L., Mechanic, Oxford, N. C. Killed in action September 29, 1918, in bat- tle of Bellicourt, buried near same place. Claywell, Alonzo, Private, Bakerton, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918. Cocherham, Doughton E., Private, Ber- lin, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Collins, Russel, Private, Home address not known. Transferred to headquarters company, 120th infantry, Camp Sevier, S. C, March 21, 1918. Compton, Phillip S., Private, Oswalt, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Condery, Clarence C, Private, Under- wood, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Killed in action September 29, 1918, in battle of Bellicourt. Cooper, Leon J., Private, Plymouth, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treat- ment. Covington, Robert N., Private, Rocking- ham, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. Wounded in action October 12, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Cox, Bob C, Private, North Wilkesboro, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, to 30th division, assigned to company E, : 120th infantry, October, 1917. i Crawford, Herby E., Private, Whaley, ] N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, ■ Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company i E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded * in action near Mazenheim, France, October 19, 1918, returned to duty with company December, 1918. Crutchfield, Oswald M., Private, San- ford, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917. Wound- ed in action near Mazenheim, France, Oc- tober 19, 1918. Curtis, William P., Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- ; gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1918. Wounded in action near Ypres, i Belgium, July 16, 1918, returned to U. S. ' A. for treatment. Dallas, Thomas G., Sergt., Reidsville, N. C. Transferred from supply company, 120th infantry, to company E, January, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 45 JAMES WHITAKER BALLOU Oxford, N. C. Private, Students Army Training Corps. Born July 28, 1900. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Ballou. Entered service September, 1918, at Virginia Military Institute. At Plattsburg, N. Y., in Reserve Officers' Training Corps, June, 1918. Honorably discharged December, 1918. KILOR S. BOWLING Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born October 10, 1893. Son of Thomas Bowling. Entered service July 15, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in France October 10, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. W. N. BOBBITT R. F. D., Hester, N. C. Corporal, 15th Company, 156th Depot Brigade, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born Sep- tember 26, 1889. Son of A. E. Bobbitt. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Corporal Jan- uary 10, 1919. Honorably discharged March 11, 1919. WALLACE ALLEN BLALOCK. Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company D, 4th Corps Artillery Park, 3rd B. & S. D. D. G. Born in Granville County. Son of W. H. and Mag Blalock. Entered service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went overseas September 3, 1918. Honorably discharged July 13, 1919. 46 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 1919. Transferred to company G, 120th in- fantry, February, 1918. Davis, Charles E., Private, Carrboro, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Davis, Quincy, Private, Jefferson, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, October, 1917. Deserted at Camp Sevier, S. C, and dropped from rolls of organization May 5, 1918. Dawson, Joseph, Private, home address not known. Transferred to base hospital Camp Sevier, S. C, April, 1918. Digh, Julius P., Corporal, Lincolnton, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917, assign- ed to company E, 120th infantry. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Dillard, James E., Corporal, Hayes, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Dobbin, John F., Private, Rockinghani, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Transferred to province battalion, Camp Sevier, S. C, April 25, 1918. Duvall, Eugene R., Private, Grassy Creek, N. C. Transferred from 81st divi- sion. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917. Eakes, Bennie A., Private, Oxford, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry October, 1917, died of wounds re- ceived in action October 4, 1918. Eakes, Ernest O., Cook, Oxford, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, October, 1917. Eastwood, Henry, Private, Buffalo Junc- tion, Va. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. Killed in action October 12, 1918, near Brancourt, France. Edmonson, Paul T., Private, Parmale, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, October, 1917, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry. Eley, Walter S., Private, Ganant, Ohio. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November 11, 1918. Elliott, Jesse B., Private, Helton, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in ac- tion in Ypres sector, Belgium, July, 1918. returned to U. S. for treatment. Everett, Simon I., Private, Bristol, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Faircloth, Henry G., Private, address not known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, March 25, 1918, inapt, for military service. Farrell, Clarence R., Private, Carrboro, N. C. Transferred to M. T. company, No. 334, Q. M. C. N. A., April 19, 1918. Faulkner, Ora S., Private, address un- known. Transferred from 83rd (division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Trans- ferred to hospital. Felty, Tracy, Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 47 BENJAMIN HAYS BRADFORD R. F. D. 3, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company B, Students' Army Training Corps, Trinity College, Durham, N. C. Born January 24, 1898. «on of Sarah C. Bradford. Entered service Octo- ber 7, 1918, at Trinity College, Durham, N. C. Honorably discharged December 9, 1918. NATHANIEL C. BRUMMITT R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Private, Field Remount Squadron, 344. Born August 13, 1892. Son of T. J. and Caroline V. Brummitt. Entered service May 16, 1918, at A. & E. College, West Raleigh, N. C. Transferred to Camp Johnston, Fla. Went overseas November 8, 1918. Honorably discharged July 9, 1919. JACOB THOMPSON BRADSHER Oxford, N. C. Private, Infantry, Camp Lee, Va. Born January 20, 1895. Son of James S. and Sallie T. Bradsher. Entered service June 25, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Honorably discharged July 10, 1918, account physi- cal disability. HENRY BLOUNT BRYAN Oxford, N. C. Private, Medical Detachment, 56th Pioneer Infantry. Born January 30, 1897. Son of Charles Walter Bryan. Entered service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wads- worth, S. C. Went overseas September 4, 1918. Honorably discharged at Camp Lee, Va., July 6, 1919. 48 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. Wounded in action September 29, 1918, in battle of Bellicourt, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Ferguson, Jesse, Private, Harriman, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Fitts, John C. L., Private, Bullock, N. C. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, Feb- ruary 9, 1918. Fleming, Fred G., Corporal, Creedmoor, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. Wound- ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Flowers, Bradley L., Corporal, Frogue, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Fogleman, Otis B., Cook, Rock Creek, N. C. Killed in action at battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918. Forbis, William L., Private, Hancock, Mo. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Fowler, Ira L., Corporal, Creedmoor, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Fowler, John B., Corporal, Creedmoor, N. C. Transferred to hospital, returned to U. S. A. for treatment February, 1919. Freeman, Orian D., Sergt., Franklinton, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Freeborn, Edgar M., Sergt., Telford, Tenn. Fuller, Francis M., Private, Manches- ter, Iowa. Transferred from 83rd divis- ion to company E, 120th infantry, Novem- ber, 1918. Frye, John W., Private, Kingston, Tenn. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. i Gaffney, Patrick, Private, Winthrop, Iowa, Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. / Garner, Joseph S., Private, Rockwood,. Tenn. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1918. Gates, Alexander, Private, Timberlake, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division,. Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October^ 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. George, Eugene C, Private, Madison, Ind. Transferred from 83rd division ta 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Gideon, George H., Private, Muscatine, Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Gill, Howard C, Private, Wilton, Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Gilley, Halford B., Private, Clifton, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Glenn, Eugene, Bugler, Oxford, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, Septem- ber 29, 1918, transferred to U. S. for treatment. Glover, Garland G., Private, Floral, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 49 BENJAMIN GARLAND BULLOCK Creedmoor, N. C. Regimental Supply Sergeant, 322nd In- fantry Supply, 81st Division. Born Sep- tember 20, 1888. Son of B. W. Bullock. Entered service September 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Regi- mental Supply Sergeant September 10, 1918. Went overseas July 30, 1918. Hon- orably discharged June 25, 1919. HARVEY READE BULLOCK Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 29th Engineers, attached to 2nd Army, A. E. F. Born in Oxford, N. C, April 15, 1894. Son of J. Dudley Bullock. Entered service April 3, 1918, at Fort Slocum, N. Y. Went over- seas August 14, 1918. Honorably dis- charged March 22, 1919. HILORY M. BULLOCK Oxford, N. C. Mechanic, Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in Halifax County, N. C. Son of P. H. Bullock. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to rank of mechanic April 9, 1919. Overseas 10 months. Honorably discharged June 15, 1919. JOHN H. BULLOCK Oxford, N. C. First Lieutenant, Medical Corps, Camp Lee, Va. Born October 17, 1891. Son of John H. Bullock. Entered service July 1, 1918, at Army Medical School, Wash- ington, D. C. 50 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry. Wounded in action October 10, 1918, returned to duty December, 1918. Goforth, Colon, Private, Mars Hill, N. C. Transferred from 105th M. P. to com- pany E, 120th infantry, July, 1918. Kill- ed in action September 29, 1918. Golden, Oscar J., Private, Independence, Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Goss, William, Private, Chapel Hill, N. C. Gould, William N., Private, DesMoines, lov^a. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Gourley, Edgar L., Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred to Province battalion, Camp Sevier, S. C, April 25, 1918. Graham, Jacob K., Private, Todd, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Graham, John H. C, Private, Trout, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep- tember 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Granger, George, Private, Idebel, Okla. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Grant, George W., Private, Bristol, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade, to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918. Green, Harold F., Corporal, Northside, N. C. Wounded in battle of Vaux Andig- ny, October 10, 1918. Transferred to hospital same date, returned to duty De- cember, 1918. Greenwell, William W., Private, Mooley- ville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, assign- ed to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in action September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treat- ment. Greer, Ed., Private, Jefferson, N. C. Transferred to hospital, Camp Sevier, S. C, May, 1918. Guidry, Thomas, Private, Broaux Bridge, La. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry. Hadden, Roy, Private, Akron, Ohio. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Haden, Will, Private, Wallace, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Hall, Dornal C, Private, Durham, N. C. Wounded in action July 18, 1918, Ypres, Belgium, returned to duty November, 1918. Hall, Willie A., Private, Petersburg, Va. Ham, Lester, Private, Lansing N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, October, 1917. Killed in action in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918. Hamby, Bower, Private, West Jefferson, N. C. Deserted at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Hampton, Roy, Corporal, Rockwood, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Hammonds, Willie C, Corporal, Moor- field, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to duty November, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 51 NICHOLAS BODDIE CANNADY Oxford, N. C. Captain, Medical Corps, First Battal- ion, 318th Infantry, 80th Division. Born August 3, 1888. Son of John F. and Mary C. Cannady. Entered service August 27, 1917, at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. Promoted to Captain March 25, 1918. Overseas six months. Honorably discharged March 12, 1919. RICHARD C. M. CALVERT Oxford, N. C. Captain, Company E, 33rd Engineers. Born December 31, 1872. Son of Charles B. Calvert. Entered service March 17, 1917. Promoted to First Lieutenant June 28, 1917, Captain May 10, 1918. Went ov- erseas June 29, 1918. Served on Regimen- tal Special Court Martial and General Court Martial for Base Section No. 5, from February, 1919, to June, 1919. Promoted to Regimental Adjutant June, 1919. Hon- orably discharged July 28, 1919. SAMUEL C. CANNADY Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, General Hospital No. 10, North Eastern Division, Boston, Mass. Born January 18, 1894. Son of C. W. and B. J. Cannady. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Sergeant September 15, 1918. Honor- ably discharged January 18, 1919. RUSSELL B. CAREY R. F. D. 1, Nelson, Va. Private, 1st class, Medical Detachment, Motor Supply Train, No. 415. Born in 1888. Son of Beverly Carey. Entered ser- vice March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to private, 1st class, July 12, 1918. Went overseas August 14, 1918. Honorably discharged June 21, 1919. 52 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Harkelroad, Charlie L., Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Hart, John B., Corporal, Creedmoor, N. C. Wounded in battle near Vaux Andig- ny, October 10, 1918. Harvey, Boothe G., Private, Mason, Tenn. Transferred from 83rd division, as- signed to company E, 120th infantry, No- vember, 1918. Hatcher, Robert H., Private, Colquit, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division , to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Hawn, James E., Private, Crothersville, Ind. Transferred from 84th division Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Hayes, Argel, Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Hein, John, Private, Schaokin, Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Henry, Noah R., Private, Etowah, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- vision. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Hicks, Henry, Private, Frank, N, C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918, re- turned to duty December, 1918. Hicks, William H., Sergt., Henderson, N. C. Wounded in action near Vaux An- digny, October 10, 1918. Hight, Robert B., Private, Oxford, N. C. Transferred to provisional battalion, Camp Sevier, S. C, April 25, 1918. Hightower, Richard T., Private, Boyd- ton, Va. Hodge, Oliver, Private, Sparta, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in ac- tion September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Home, Reuben B., Private, Edison, Ga. Transferred from 84th division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Horton, Joseph H., Cook, Creedmoor, N. C. Houch, Charles E., Cook, Jefferson, N. C. Transferred to Bo. company, 105th M. P., March 10, 1918. Howell, Walter L., Private, Beaver Creek, N. C. Transferred from 81st division Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, as- signed to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Wounded in battle of Belli- court, September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Hughes, Brown, Private, Valley, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Hughes, David, Private, Valley, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Ingold, Connie S., Private, address not known. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Trans- ferred to Bakery company, No. 308, April ' 15, 1918. Jarboe, Joseph P., Private, McQuady, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th i infantry, March 29, 1918. ' Johnson, Virdie R., Private, Irvington, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, ! GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 53 JAMES ROLAND CARRINGTON Oxford, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born December 16, 1895. Son of J. L. Carrin^'ton. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged July 1, 1919. WOODY T. CHAMBERS Stem, N. C. Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born September 21, 1895, Son of Sam Chambers. Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. JESSE BURRELL CARROLL Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company H, 56th Pioneer Infantry. Born March 29, 1897. Son of C. A. and Charlotte Carroll. En- tered service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went overseas Septem- ber 4, 1918. Honorably discharged July 6, 1919. RUFUS E. CHANDLER Virgilina, Va. First Sergeant, Company B, 306th En- gineers, 81st Division. Born January 18, 1894. Son of James P. Chandler. En- tered service November 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 20, 1919. 54 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR to 30th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., as- signed to company E, 120th infantry, Camp Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Kill- ed in action October 18, 1918. Jones, Charles F., Corporal, Nashville, Tenn. Transferred from battery C, 114th F. A., March, 1918, to company E, 120th in- fantry. Jones, Charles F., Corporal, Meringo, Ind. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry. Jones, Horace, Corporal, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to com.pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to duty December, 1918. Jones, Willie T., Private, Youngsville, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treat- ment. Jordan, Oscar, Private, Cobern, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in action October 12, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Karschner, Thomas W., Private, address not known. Transferred from 83rd divis- ion to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Keener, Charlie T., Private, Lincolnton, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1918. Keith, Irvin J., Private, Roaring Springs, Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Kephert, Joseph H., Private, Grand View, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917, assign- ed to company E, 120th infantry, October^ 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, transferred to U. S. A. for treatment. Ketchem, James, Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade tc^ company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Killed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. King, Carl C, Corporal, Indianapolis, Ind. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Kirkland. Olea F., Private, Mist, Ark. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Kistler, Burgin S., Private, Keepsville, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Knoland, John C, Private, Jeffersonville, Ind. Transferred from 83rd division,^ Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Kothera, Joseph E., Private, Cleveland, Ohio. LaGrave, Roy L., Private, Chateaugay, N. Y. Transferred from 83rd division ta 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Lane, Bealer F., Private, Boone, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Lanham, Charles F., Private, Taswell, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 55 GLAUDDIE M. CHAPPELL Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born at Creedmoor, N. C. Son of G. W. C'happell. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas ten months. JESSE IRVIN CLEMENT R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company G, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born November 14, 1888. Son of Thomas D. and Mary E. Clement. Entered service September 5, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 18, 1918. Wounded in France. GEORGE WASHINGTON CLARK R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Cook, Company B, 306th Ammunition Train, 81st Division. Born April 13, 1891. I Son of Alexander Clark. Entered service I November 12, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. |C. Went overseas August 8, 1918. Hon- orably discharged June 26, 1919. ELLIOTT TUNSTALL COOPER Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Infantry. Born March 4, 1897. Son of Henry George Cooper. Entered service April 4, 1918, at Camp Sevier. Transferred Central Offi- cers' Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Promoted to Second Lieutenant September 5, 1918. Honorably discharged December 2, 1918. 56 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Laswell, John E., Private, Marysville, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Liles, George, Private, Coalfield, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Liles, Hobart, Corporal, Coalfield, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Linaburg, John E., Private, Marboro, Va. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Locklier, George S., Private, Youngsville, N. C. Transferred from supply company, 120th infantry, to company E, 120th in- fantry, March 10, 1918. Transferred from company E to base hospital, Camp Sevier, S. C, May 1, 1918. Lovett, Pearl, Private, Randleman, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to duty December, 1918. Loyd, Garland, Private, Mayesville, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. Lumpkin, Kennith T., Corporal, Hope- well, Va. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- ed in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918, returned to duty December 6, 1918. Lunsford, James E., Private, Elk Park, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. Lykins, John, Bugler, Petersville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 27, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, never returned to duty. Lyons, James, Private, Bluff City, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Admitted to S. 0. S. hospital December, 1918. Never returned to duty. Macy, Benjamin F., Private, Hardins- burg, Ky. Transferred from 84th division Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, return- ed to duty December 12, 1918. Mahala, President L., Private, Ashland, N. C. Transferred from 81st division ta 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Never returned to duty. Manuel, Edv^ard, Private, Seymour, Ind. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, never returned to duty. Manuel, Jason, Private, Seymour, Ind. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to duty November 15, 1918. Markowski, Theodore, Private, Hartford, Miss. Transferred from 83d division GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 57 CHRISTOPHER E. CORE Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company H, 56th Pio- neer Infantry, Third Army Headquar- ters Troops. Born June 27, 1896. Son of C. M. Core. Entei'ed service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went overseas September 4, 1918. Honorably discharged July 6, 1919. EDDIE B. COZART Stem, N. C. Private, Company C, 119th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Granville County. Son of B. C. and Adline Cozart. Entered service March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas June 18, 1918. Honorably discharged February 19, 1919. WILLIE GREEN COTTRELL R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company E, 132nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born August 6, 1887. Son of D. T. Cottrell. Entered service Sep- tember 18, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas ten months. Honorably discharg- ed June 25, 1919. ROBERT T. COZART Stem, N. C. Private, Headquarters Company, 151st Field Artillery, 42nd Division. Born April 8, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. B. Co- zart. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Au- gust 22, 1918. Honorably discharged May 13, 1919. H-R-O 58 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Marshall, Garey M., Private, Phillips- burg, Mo. Transferred from 84th division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. Martin, James R., Private, Raleigh, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Sevier, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918, re- turned to duty November, 1918. Martin, Lee, Private, Coalfield, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Transferred to hospital, never returned to duty. Mash, Vonley, Private, Reyno, N. C, Transferred from 81st division, to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, Camp Sevier, S. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. Mason, Joseph E., Private, Moorsburg, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Wounded in battle of Belli- court, September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Matthews, Howard Q., Private, Ain, Ark. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. Matthews, James E., 1st Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Matthews, John, Private, Johnson City, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Wounded in battle of Belli- court September 29, 1918, returned to duty November 25, 1918. Matthews, Wheeler, Private, Johnson City, Tenn. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 28, 1918. Matthews, William H., Corporal, Lilling- ton, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division^ Camp Sevier, S. C, to company E, 120t infantry, October, 1917. Matthews, Willie G., Sergt., Oxford, ^ C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep tember 29, 1918, returned to duty Noven^ ber 24, 1918. Massey, Lorinzo D., Private, Newton Grove, N. C. Transferred from 81st di- vision, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th divis- ion. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to duty December 12, j 1918. Merlino, Francisco, Private, Bronx, N. Y. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Michael, Michael C, Private, Nieuport, R, I. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. Miller, Charlie, Private, Wagoner, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Admitted to S. O. S. hospital December 15, never return- ed to duty. j Miller, Coy, Private, Laurel Springs, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. Miller Earl, Private, West Jefferson, N. ; C. Transferred from province battalion, Camp Sevier, S. C, April 25, 1918. Miller, Ernest F., Private, Wagoner, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- ; vier, S. C, October, 1917. Wounded in ' GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 59 LEWIS A. CREWS R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company F, 319th Reg. Snip- ers, 2nd Battalion, 80th Division. Born in Granville County. Son of James A. Crews. Entered service March 28, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Went overseas May 25, 1918. Promoted to Sergeant July 28, 1918. Wounded in Meuse Argonne offensive, Oc- tober 4, 1918. Honorably discharged June 9, 1919. ERNEST J. CRITCHER Stovall, N. C. Private, Company H, 1st Provisional Regiment, 156th Depot Brigade, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born in Durham County. Son of W. C. Critcher. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackon, S. C. Honorably discharged December 7, 1918. WILLIAM B. CREWS R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Headquarters Com- pany, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in Granville County. Son of Mr. and Mrs. James A. Crews. Entered service Sep- tember 5, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. WILLIAM 0. CULBRETH Stovall, N. C. Private, Company I, 322nd Infantry, 31st Division. Born September 4, 1891. Son of John R. Culbreth. Entered service September 18, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged February 11, 1919. 60 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. Miller, Vance, Private, West Jefferson, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, transferred to base hos- pital. Camp Sevier, S. C, May 1, 1918. Mitchell, Robert E. L., Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Monroe, John H., Private, Concord, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Moore, Henry C, Corporal, Carlisle, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Tay- lor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C. assigned to company E, 120th infan- try, March 29, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Morrell, Thomas J,, Private, Millers Fer- ry, Fla. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Morton, Walter L., Private, Oakboro, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in Ypres sector, Belgium, August 5, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. Moser, Cline C, Bugler, Carrboro, N. C. Transferred to headquarters company, 120th infantry, April 21, 1918. Mullis, John E., Private, Berlin, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. McCarroll, Charlie O., Private, Kingston, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. McCarter, John C, Private, Chattanooga, Tenn. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. McCullen, Odie, Private, Newton Grove, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, October 1917, assign- ed to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of BelHcourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. McDaniel, William R., Private, Cincin- nati, Ohio. Transferred from 84th divis- ion. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. McGhee, Goldie, Private, Raleigh, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, April 15, 1918. McGill, Dan, Private, Sideway, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to duty December, 1918. McKinney, Frank, Private, N. C. Trans- ferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Transferred to headquar- ters company, 120th infantry, March 21, 1918. McLeod, Halbert H., Corporal, Lauren- burg, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, April 15, 1918. McMonigle, Harry S., Corporal, Burns- ville, S. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Killed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried near same place. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 61 BENJAMIN A CURRIN Virgilina, Va. Mechanic, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born September 3, 1888. Son of Ralph Currin. Entered service Sep- tember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 31, 1918. Honor- ably discharged June 25, 1919. SIDNEY T. CURRIN R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Wagoner, Battery C, 45th Artillery, C. A. C. Born January 21, 1900. Son of Titus G. and Mary B. Currin. Entered service July 1, 1918, at Fort Thomas, Ky. Promoted to Wagoner September 3, 1918. Went overseas October 1, 1918. Honor- ably discharged February 22, 1919. OLIVER L. CURRIN Oxford, N. C. Private, Battery D, Third Regiment, Field Artillery. Born December 14, 1896. Son of O. C. Currin. Entered service Au- gust 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged December 19, 1918. W. MADISON CURRIN R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. Corporal, 322nd Infantry, Sanitary Training Detachment, 81st Division. Born in 1893. Son of J. M. Currin. Entered service October 19, 1917, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Honorably discharged Febru- ary 2, 1919. 62 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Nash, Edmund Q., Private, Sparta, Mich. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Neeley, Robert M., Corporal, Brevard, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Neill, Robert W., Private, Lancaster, S. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, April 26, 1918. Killed in battle of Bellicoiirt September 29, 1918, buried near same place. Newton, Vessie C, Corporal, Eckerty, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Norwood, Walter M., Private, Banners Elk, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Nutt, Ruben E., Private, Franklin, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Nutt, William J., Private, Madilla, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division, to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Oakley, Thomas L., Private, Oxford, N. C. Killed in action October 12, 1918, near Mazenheim, France, buried near same place. Odom, Joseph B., Corporal, Mount Olive, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, returned to U. S. A. O'Neal, Wiley F., Private, Neuse, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, April 26, 1918. Osborne, Brack, Private, Hemlock, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Osborne, John, Private, Smithport, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Owen, Robert, Private, Stovall, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Dis- charged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Parham, Albert H., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Parish, Millard T., Private, Smithfield, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, April 26, 1918. Killed in action at Ypres, June 16, 1918. Parlier, Cloid H., Private, Darkridge, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, October, 1917. Parlier, William W., Private, Heaton, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Partin, James A., Private, Address not known. Transferred to company B, 105th M. P., February 9, 1918. Payne, Tead G., Private, Mount Vernon, Ky. Transferred from 83rd division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Pedd, Jack J., Private, Creedmoor, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 63 JAMES ERNEST DANIEL R. F. D. 5, Henderson, N. C. Private, 317th Machine Gun Company, 81st Division. Born February 23, 1889. Son of Henry Madison Daniel. Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged February 5, 1919. ROBERT GARLAND DANIEL R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company C, o06th Ammunition Train, 81st Division. Born July 1, 1895. Son of John T. and Rosa Daniel. Enter- ed service October 15, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 10, 1918. Honorably discharged June 20, 1919. SAMUEL WHARTON DANIEL R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Base Hospital No. 65, Ker- huon, France. Born June 18, 1897. Son of J. Luther and Mary E. Daniel. Enter- ed service April 15, 1918, at Fort Mc- Pherson, Ga. Went overseas August 28, 1918. CRAWFORD W. DAVIS Oxford, N. C. Private, 20th Trench Mortar Battery, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born July 19, 1896. Son of J. W. Davis. Entered service Au- gust 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged January 22, 1919. 64 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Peed, Burnice, Private, Creedmoor, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep- tember 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Pennington, David J., Private, West Jefferson, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th di- vision. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Transferred to base hospital, Camp Sevier, S. C, May 1, 1918. Pennington, Davis, Private, Laurel Springs, N. C. Transferred from 81st di- vision to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Pennington, Kirby S., Private, Hemlock, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to duty November, 1918. Pennington, Sol., Private, West Jeffer- son, N. C. Deserted at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Perry, Harrison, Private, Park, Va. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October 19, 1917. Perry, James E., Private, Address not known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Perry, Monroe, Private, Park, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Perry Sam L., Private, Chicowie, Va. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, never returned to duty. Peterson, Edwin, Sergt., Ingold, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Pope, Amon, Private, Asheland, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, October, 1917. Powers, Solomon E. R., Private, Stur- gills, N. C. Transferred from 81st division Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Pullium, Lennie T., Private, Roxboro, N. C. Presnel, Bernard E., Private, Munsey, Ind. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. Price, Eirby J., Private, Orange, Texas. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Price, Gus A., Private, Newton, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- vision. Camp Jackson, S. C, to Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. Transferred to headquarters company, 120th infantry, Sep- tember, 1918. Price, Henry M., Private, Johnson City, Tenn. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Rackley, Henry B., Mechanic, Clifton,. N. C. Transferred from 81st division,^ Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Ragan, Charlie L., Private, Mount Olive, N. C. Wounded in battle of Belli- court September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 65 IRVIN S. DAVIS R. F. D. 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company L, Infantry, 81st Di- vision. Born May 2, 1895. Son of James M. and Jennie F. Davis. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 2, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. ALFRED B. DEAN R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in Granville County. Son of B. F. Dean. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Promoted to pri- vate, 1st class, January 1, 1919. Honor- ably discharged June 25, 1919. LUTHER DAVIS Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Depot Company, First Corps, Artillery Park. Born November 22, 1891. Son of J. C. Davis. Entered service April 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went ov- erseas May 15, 1918. Wounded at Cha- teau Thierry, France, July 30, 1918. Hon- orably discharged February 10, 1919. H-R-7 NORMAN B. DEMENT R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company D, 321st Infantry, 81st Division. Born March 1, 1893. Son of L. H. Dement. Entered service Novem- ber 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Promoted to Cor- poral October 25, 1918. 66 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Reeves, Bower C, Private, Gale, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Renfrow, James R., Private, Kenly, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Richardson, George C, Private, Chfton, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. . Rierson, Halver C, Private, Ruthven, Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division, to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. Robards, William C, Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Roberts, Earl C, Sergt., Rougemont, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, October, 1917. Robinson, Cornelius P., Private, Chicago, 111. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Roe, Johnnie, Private, Cherokee, S. C. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Rogers, John R., Private, Sylvia, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Rose, Claudius N., Private, address not known. Transferred to 113th machine gun battalion March 25, 1918. Rush, James C, Private, Green Grove, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Killed in action September 29, 1918, at battle of Bellicourt. Sales, Silas H., Private, Ellijoy, Ga. Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- vision. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in action October 12, 1918. Sanders, Arthur L, Corporal, New Hope Academy, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th di- vision. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Sasser, Walter G., Private, Hope Mills, N. C. Deserted at Camp Sevier, S. C, January 21, 1918. Shepherd, Joseph P. Private, Gibson- ville, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- ed at battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to duty December 15, 1918. Slagle, Claude, Private, Bristol, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Slagle, Frank, Private, Bristol, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Killed in action at battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried near same place. Smith, Louis, Private, Taccoa, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Smith, Shelby, Private, Saltillo, Miss. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Smith Walter V., Private, Talo, 111. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Smitherson, Walter L., Private, Little j Lot, Tenn. Transferred from 83rd divis- ! ion to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 67 CONNIE H. DUKE Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company M, 90th In- fantry, 20th Dvision. Born in 1893. Son of G. W. Duke. Entered service May 16, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Greene, N. C. Honorably dis- charged March 9, 1919. JOHN C. ELEXSON R. F. D. 1, Moriah, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born December 11, 1886. Son of W. S. Elexson. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas ten months. Honorably dis- charged June 26, 1919. ERNEST O. EAKES Oxford, N. C. Cook, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born September 3, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Eakes. Entered ser- vice October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to rank of cook November 15, 1917. Overseas May 12, 1918. Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919. ERNEST W. EVANS R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company B, 89th In- fantry, 20th Division. Born March 12, 1895. Son of Sam Evans. Entered service November 19, 1917. Honorably discharged April 24, 1919. 68 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Sorrell, Thomas D., Private, Diarsburg, Tenn. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Speer, Loyd 0., Private, Medora, Ind. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infan- try, March 29, 1918. Sports, Kendrick I., Private, Odom, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Staley, Charles C, Corporal, Richmond, Va. Staly, William M., Corporal, Hegira, Ky. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, March 29, 1918. Killed at battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried near same place. Stanford, William D., Private, Lucedale, Miss. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Stegall, Clifford, Private, Kingston, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- ber, 1917. Transferred to hospital at Hali- fax, N. S., May 14, 1918. Stephens, Waymon W., Private, Pellville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in ac- tion September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. Stewart, Hector N., Private, address not known. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Stone, Jesse B., Private, Lake Park, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Swanson, Roy C, Private, Paxton, 111. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Swartz, William W., Private, Mooley- ville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in ac- tion October 10, 1918, returned to duty from hospital November, 26, 1918. Sweeton, Charles, Private, Camden, N. J. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. Tate, Albert, Private, Wallace, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade, as- signed to company E, 120th infantry, Oc- tober, 1917. Taylor, Albert H., Mess Sergt, Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Arthur I., Private, Rising City, Neb. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Taylor, Emery E., Private, address not known. Transferred from 84th division to 30th division. Transferred to S. D., 120th infantry, April 16, 1918. Tanner, Herman W., Private, Kankakee, 111. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Tedford, John H., Private, Greenwood, Ark. Transferred from 83rd division, to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Thacker, Thomas F., Private, Riderwood, Ala. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Thompson, Alex M., Private, Taxiey, Ala. Transferrd from 83rd division to 30th division November, 1918, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry. Thompson, John A., Corporal, La Crosse, Va. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 69 HENRY WESLEY FARABOW Stem, N. C. Private, Battery F, 4th Field Artillery, R. D. Born May 17, 1897. Son of B. F. Farabow. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- charged December 7, 1918. CHARLES DAVISSON HAYS FORT Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, 319th Ambulance Company, 80th Division. Born October 1, 1893. Son of Dr. C. D, H. and Lucy W. Fort. Entered service September 5, 1917, at Camp Lee, Va. Went overseas May 25, 1918. Honorably discharged June 9, 1919. ROBERT KENNON FORT Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born September 11, 1897. Son of Dr. C. D. H. and Lucy W. Fort. Entered service April 24, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank of Corporal August 15, 1918. Went overseas May 17, 1918. Gassed at Vaux Andigny, France, October 11, 1918. Honorably dis- charged April 17, 1919. IRA L. FOWLER Creedmoor, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Granville County. Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. W. Fowler. Enter- ed sei'vice October 5, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to Corporal December 1, 1917. Overseas eleven months. Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919. 70 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Thorp, Louis, Jr., Sergt., Berea, N. C. Tillison, Jahue, Private, Denim, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Killed at battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried near same place. Trexler, George H. A., Private, Salis- bury, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Gassed October 10, 1918, returned to duty No- vember, 1918. Tucker, John S., Private, Big Springs, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infan- try, March 29, 1918. Tyrol, George A., Private, Detroit, Mich. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Ulmer, Charles F., Corporal, Fort Rit- ner, Ind. Transferred from 84th division. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C. Gassed September 29, 1918, assigned to company E, November, 1918. Vance, Arthur L., Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Vittore, Vito, Private, Bristol, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Volz, Charlie H., Sergt., Petersburg, Va. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to duty December, 1918. Wagner, Eddie, Private, Glenn Haven, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- turned to U. S. A. Wall, James H., Private, Randleman, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Killed in action at Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried near same place. Wallace, John, Private, New York, Minn. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Wallace, William Mc, Private, Othello,. N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Walling, William V. B., Private, Marion, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October,. 1917. Walters, James J., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Warren, Curtis L., Sergt., Tampa, Fla. Transferred from 81st division,, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, April 26, 1918. W^atson, John C, Corporal, Jonesboro, N. C. Transferred from 81st division,. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E,. 120th infantry, October, 1917. Watson, Robert, Jr., Private, Detroit,. Mich. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry November, 1918. Watt, Wilfred T., Private, Asheville, Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Webb, Luther M., Private, Valley, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 71 JOHN B. FOWLER Creedmoor, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Granville County. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Fowler. Enter- ed service August 29, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Promoted to Corporal December 15, 1918. Cited for bravery near Belli- court, France, September 29, 1918. Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919. Award- ed Distinguished Service Cross. EDWARD YORK FLOYD Hester, N. C. Private, Company C, Central Officers' Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Born October 4, 1897. Son of H. C. Floyd. En- tered service October 1, 1918, at Camp Gordon, Ga. Honorably discharged De- -cember 7, 1918. EDWARD A. FRANKLIN Stem, N. C. Private, Headquarters Company, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born November 3, 1894. Son of J. G. and Alice T. Frank- lin. Entered service September 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- charged January 21, 1918, account physi- cal disability. JOHN EARLY FRAZIER R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Cook, Base Hospital, Port of Embarka- tion, Newport News, Va. Born January 7, 1895. Son of Dock C. and Callie Fra- zier. Entered service March 21, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. 72 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Webb, Roy H., Private, Nevada, Mo. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Westbrook, Cloud L., Corporal, Mount Olive, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry. Westbrook, Ransom H., Corporal, Mount Olive, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wicks, Arthur L., Private, Mebane, N. C. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. Wheatley, Charlie C, Corporal, Roaring River, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, assigned to company E, 120th infan- try, October, 1917. White, Edward I., Private, Cannonburg, Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Wiggins, Scutt, Private, Coalfield, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Williams, Fred, Private, Harriman, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Williams, James R., Corporal, Peytons- burg, Ky. Transferred from 84th divis- ion. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Williams, Qiiincy, Corporal, Hemlock, N. C. Transferred from 81st diviison to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Williams, Robert L., Private, Durham, N. C. Williams, Verner, Private, Labanon, Tenn. Transferred from 84th division,. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Williford, Charlie, Private, address not known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Williford, William R., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Willis, Abraham, Private, Henry, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th infan- try, October, 1917. Wounded in action Au- gust 14, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Willis, James F., Private, Milan, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, November, 1918. Wilson, Leonidas C, Private, address not known. Transferred to base hospital Camp Sevier, S. C, May 1, 1918. Wilson, Wade H., Sergt., Asheville, N. C. Transferred to corps and army troops March 1, 1918. Wilson, Ziba, Private, Mill Springs, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th division, Camp Jackson, S. C, assigned ta company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Killed at battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Womble, Charlie T., Corporal, Carrboro, N. C. Wom^ble, Exum, Cook, New Hill, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wright, Clifford, Private, Edmons, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wright, Luke G., Private, address not known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, March 25, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 73 PHOCIAN FRAZIER R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. Private, U. S. General Hospital No. 1, New York, N. Y. Born May 24, 1894. Son of Alfred Frazier. Entered service July 6, 1918, at Camp Greenleaf. ORIAN D. FREEMAN Franklinton, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born June 20, 1895. Son of B. L. Freeman. Entered service June 26, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918. Promoted to Sergeant January 5, 1919. Honorably discharged May 21, 1919. ELBERT E. FULLER Oxford, N. C. Captain, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born at Roxboro, N. C, November 28, 1878. Son of Junius T. Fuller, M. D. Enlisted in Granville Grays in February, 1908. Commissioned 1st Lieutenant, Company E, 3rd N. C. Infan- try, February 8, 1911. Commissioned Captain March 9, 1914. Entered service for World War July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Overseas May 12, 1918, to July 19, 1919. Served with 120th Infantry in Ypres salient July and August, 1918. Transfer- red to Rents, Requisitions and Claims service, October 1, 1918. Zone Major, Verdun, France, December, 1918, January and February, 1919. Commanding officer, R. R. and C, 42nd and 43rd companies, and R. R. and C. detachment at Toul, France, March, April, May and June, 1919. Honorably discharged August 14, 1919. H-R-S 74 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Wyatt, James, Corporal, Wagoner, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division. Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wyatt, John S., Private, Piney Creek, N. C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917, assign- ed to company E, 120th infantry. York, Dan, Private, Huntsville, Tenn. Transferred to company E, 120th infantry, from 55th depot brigade, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. York, Silas, Sergt., Huntsville, Tenn. Transferred to army candidates school, Langres, France, August, 1918. Zahner, Charles E., Private, Minneapo- lis, Minn. Transferred from 88rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Zeiders, Jacob H., Private, Harrisburg, Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. THE 30TH DIVISION The 30th Division is a distinctively American division. More than 95 per cent, of its personnel is of American born par- ents. The division is constituted of Na- tional Guard troops of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, augmented by many thousands of selective draft troops from the states of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. The division was dubbed "Old Hickory," after the warrior and statesman Andrew Jackson, who was so closely identified with the history of the states furnishing the ma- jor portion of its personnel. The Old Hickory Division landed at the port of Calais, France, on the 24th day of May, 1918, and was billeted in the Eper- locques Training Area. While in this area the officers of the division reconnoitered the Terdeghen Switch Line, south of Cas- sel, and complete plans were formulated for the occupation of this line by forced marches in case of emergency. Before the completion of its training pe- riod, the division was transferred to the II British Corps, Second Army, in the Ypres sector to be in close support in case of the expected German offensive. This division, the first American division to enter that kingdom, marched into Belgium on July 4th with Division Headquarters at Watou, to be in close support of the 33rd and 49th British Divisions, and was employed in the construction of the East and West Poper- inghe Defense Systems immediately in rear of these two divisions. An immense amount of trench and wire construction was done. Complete plans and orders were issued for the occupation of the East and West Poperinghe Systems by the 30th Di- vision in the event of a German attack and a forced withdrawal of the British Divis- ions in the front. The Division received training in the front line with the 33d and 49th Divisions, first as individuals, then by platoons, and lastly by entire battalions. On August 17, 1918, the division took over the entire sector occupied by the 33rd British Division, 60th Brigade being in the front line, 59th Brigade in support. This was known as the Canal Sector and ex- tended from the southern outskitrs of Ypres to the vicinity of Voormezeele, a dis- tance of 2,400 metres. On August 31st and September 1st the division engaged in an ofi'ensive in con- junction with the 14th British Division on the left and 27th American Division on the right. The 30th Division captured all its objectives, including Lock No. 8, Lankhof Farm and the City of Voormezeele, ad- vancing fifteen hundred yards, capturing fifteen prisoners, two machine guns and thirty-five rifles. As a result of this ad- vance the 236th Division, which was con- sidered an average German division, was identified. During the six weeks previous to this advance many attempts had been GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 75 FRANK HAYS FURMAN Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, 319th Ambulance Company, 80th Division. Born March 9, 1897. Son of Otis and Lucy Hays Fur- man. Entered service August 15, 1917, at Camp Lee, Va. Honorably discharged April 15, 1918. ROBERT WOODSON GLASSCOCK Virgilina, Va. Private, Students' Army Training Corps, Elon College, N. C. Born September 3, 1897. Son of M. W. Glasscock. Entered service October 12, 1918, at Elon College, N. C. Honorably discharged December 11> 1918. MARK G. GARRETT Oxford, N. C. Private, 114th Field Artillery, 30th Di- vision. Born March 27, 1891. Son of John W. Garrett. Entered service April 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went over- seas June 7, 1918. Honorably discharged April 3, 1919. LEE CURRIN GOOCH Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Central Officers' Ti-aining School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Born February 23, 1890. Son of Daniel J. Gooch. Entered service September 1, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Sec- ond Lieutenant September 5, 1918. Hon- orably discharged February 2, 1919. 76 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR made by the British and our own troops to identify this German Division. On September 4th and 5th the division was withdrawn from the Canal Sector and placed in British G. H. Q. reserve with Di- vision Headquarters at Roellecourt, France. While in this area the entire division was trained in attacking in conjunction with British tanks. On September 17th the division was again moved farther south with Division Headquarters at Herissart, and on Sep- tember 22d was moved to the British Fourth Army with Division Headquarters at Bois de Buire, near Tincourt, taking ov- er a front line sector, from the 1st Aus- tralian Division, on the night of 23rd and 24th. On September 29th this division, with the 27th American division on the left and the 46th British division on the right, assault- ed the Hindenburg line. The Hindenburg line at this point curves in front of the Tun- nel of St. Quentin. This was considered impregnable by the Germans for the fol- lowing reasons : The Hindenburg line curving west of the tunnel consisted of three main trench systems protected by vast fields of heavy barbed wire entangle- ments skillfully placed; this wire was very heavy and had been damaged very little by artillery fire. The dominating ground en- abled them to bring devastating machine gun fire on all approaches. The lines had been strengthened with concrete machine gun emplacements. It contained at this point a large number of dugouts, lined with mining timbers, with wooden steps lead- ing down to a depth of about 30 feet, with small rooms capable of holding from four to six men each. In many cases these dug- outs were wired for electric light. The large tunnel through which the canal ran, was of sufficient capacity to shelter a di- vision. This tunnel was electrically light- ed and filled with barges. Connecting it with the Hindenburg trench system were numerous tunnels. In one case a direct tunnel ran from the main tunnel to the basement of a large stone building, which the enemy used for headquarters. Other tunnels ran from the main tunnel eastward to the City of Bellicourt and other places. This complete subterranean system, with its hidden exits and entrances unknown to us, formed a most complete and safe sub- terranean method of communication and reinforcement for the German sector. The 30th Division, the 60th Brigade, augmented by units of the 117th Infantry attacking, assaulted this line at 5:50 a. m., September 29th, on a front of three thous- and yards, captured the entire Hindenburg system of that sector and advanced far- ther, capturing the tunnel system with the German troops therein, and took the cities of Bellicourt, Nauroy, Riqueval, Car- riere, Etricourt, Guillaine Ferme and Ferme de Riqueval, advancing four thous- and two hundred yards, defeating two ene- my divisions of average quality (the 75th Reserve Division and the 185th Division), taking as prisoners 47 officers and 1,434 men. On October 1st and 2d the 30th Division was relieved by the 5th Australian Divis- ion and moved to back area with Division Headquarters at Herbecourt. The divi- sion scarcely reached this area when it was marched back and took over the front line, in the same sector, from the 2d Australian Division near Montbrehain on the night of October 4th-5th. On October 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th, the 30th Division attacked each day, advanc- ing 17,500 yards, and capturing le Tilleul d'Archives, le Petit Cambresis, Becquigny, Mon. Sarasin, le Trou Aux Soldats, Busig- ny, Gloriette, le Vert Donjon, Escaufourt, le Rond Pont, Vaux-Andigny, Valee Has- ard, la Haie Menneresse, la Rochelle, le Vent de Bise, St. Souplet, St. Benin, Malas- sise, Geneve, half of Montbrehain, Bran- court, Premont, Vaux-le-Pretre, Brancou- court, Fraicourt Ferme, Bois Mirand, But- ry Ferme, la Sabliere Bois, Becquignette Ferme, Bois de Malmaison, Malmaison Ferme. Bois de Busigny, Bois I'Ermitage, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 77 ROLAND LEWIS GOOCH Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Base Hospital No. 45, Toul, France. Born August 3, 1895. Son of Daniel J. and Alice C. Gooch. Entered service February 28, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Went overseas April 15, 1918. Hon- orably discharged April 29, 1919. JAMES 0. GORDON R. F. D. 3, Oxford, N. C. Private, Battery C, 3rd Regiment, Field Artillery, R. D. Born in Granville Coun- ty. Son of Lewis W. and Sallie A. Gor- don. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- charged December 13, 1918. AUGUSTUS W. GRAHAM, JR. Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Field Artillery Reserve Corps. Born August 12, 1891. Son of Judge A. W. and Lucy A. Graham. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Oxford, N. C. Sent to Camp Jackson, Columbia, S. C. Promoted to rank of Lieutenant No- vember 26, 1918. Volunteered for Second Officers' Training Camp but was rejected because too light in weight for height; later drafted and sent to Camp Jackson. Transferred to Field Artillery, Central Officers' Training School at Camp Zachai'y Taylor, Ky., on August 7, 1918. Graduated November 26, 1918. Commissioned November 26, 1918. Honorably discharged November 27, 1918. 78 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Bois Proyart, Imberfayt and Du Guet Fas- sioux Fermes, taking prisoners 45 officers and 1,889 men. The 59th Brigade began this attack on October 8th and captured all their objecitves, including Fremont and Bran- court. During this operation from October 8th to 11th the 30th Division encountered units from fourteen German divisions, clas- sified by the British High Command as fol- lows : 34th Division, average ; 20th Divis- ion, very good ; 24th Division, very good ; 21st Division, average; 21st Reserve Divi- sion, average ; 38th Dviision, very good ; 119th Division, average; 121st Division, average ; 187th Sharpshooting Section, very good; 204th Division, average; 208th Di- vision, average; 3d Naval Division, very good ; 15th Reserve Division, average. The 30th Division was relieved by the 27th Division on October llth-12th, but re- turned on October 16th and took over a part of the same line at the same place, being the right half of the sector temporarily held by the 27th. The next attack was launched on October 17th, 18th and 19th against the 221st Division, average; 243d Division, average ; 29th Division, very good ; advancing nine thousand yards and cap- turing 6 officers and 412 men, and the towns of Molain, St.-Martin Riviere, Ri- beauville, Ecaillon, Mazinghein and Ribeau- court Ferme. During much of the fighting from Octo- ber 8th to 11th and from 17th to 19th, dif- ficulties of the terrain were very great, with the country greatly broken by small patches of woods and villages with unev- en terrain, and occasional large towns, ad- mirably added to the machine gun defense of which the Germans took every advantage. The La Selle River with high banks beyond was obstinately defended. In spite of these difficulties the advance continued, often without artillery support, and was made possible only by the determination of the men and the skillful use of all arms com- bined with clever utilization of the diversi- fied terrain. The 3d German Naval Divi- sion, one of the crack German divisions, was hastily thrown in in an attempt to stop the advance. The division was then withdrawn to the Heilly Training Area, near Amiens, for re- placemnets and a well-earned rest; Divis- ion Headquarters at Querrieu. Two weeks later, when orders for an immediate re- turn to the front were expected daily, the armistice with Germany was signed No- vember 11, 1918. The fighting being over, the II American Corps was released from the British E. F., with which it had been associated since its arrival in France, and transferred to the American E. F. in the Le Mans area, where the first units of the 30th Division arrived and Division Head- quarters were opened at Ballon on Novem- ber 21st. During the above operations the advance was so rapid and the troops withdrawn so soon, there was no opportunity to gather up and salvage a great number of guns and supplies captured, which were left for the salvage troops of the Fourth British Army. Upon a partial check by the units of the division, it is known that at least 72 field artillery pieces, 26 trench mortars, 426 machine guns, and 1,792 rifles were captured, in addition to a great mass of material. This represents but a portion of the captures. In many instances field guns taken from the Germans were turned over to the supporting artillery and used by them upon the retreating enemy. Total number of prisoners captured by this divisoin from September 29th to Octo- ber 20th: 98 ofl?icers, 3,750 men. During the same period we lost 3 officers and 24 men as prisoners ; 44 officers and 4,823 men w^ounded (including slightly wounded and slightly gassed). GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 79 WILLIAM JAMES GRANT Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Infantry, First Re- placement Regiment, Camp Pike, Ark. Born January 16, 1894. Son of James A. Grant. Entered service May 13, 1917, at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. Promoted to Second Lieutenant August 15, 1917. Wounded in battle of St. Souplet. Honorably dis- charged April 18, 1919. REUBEN S. GREENWAY R. F. D. 5, Virgilina, Va. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in Granville Coun- ty. Son of J. D. Greenway. Entered ser- vice May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C, Went overseas August 11, 1918. Hon- orably discharged June 25, 1919. HAROLD F. GREEN Northside, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born July 30, 1897. Son of B. E. Green. Entered service June 22, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went over- seas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. WILLIAM H. GREGORY Stcrvall, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Motor Transport Corps, Army Supply Base, Norfolk, Va. Born September 29, 1895. Son of W. H. Gregory. Entered service November 13, 1917, at Philadelphia, Pa. Pi'omoted to Second Lieutenant September 5, 1918. Honorably discharged June 12, 1919. 80 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR THE 120TH INFANTRY, U. S. A., ON HIS MAJESTY'S SERVICE soldiers, though we still talked in low tones of our first casualties who had join- ed the British throng in "Flanders Field." CALAIS June 5, 1918, is a landmark in this regi- ment, for that day the last of its units landed on French soil. We already knew we were at war, but when the wind now blew from the right direction the thunder of the guns told us the party was still go- ing on, and in spite of the assurance on every side that we were too late, we saw a fair chance of taking a hand in the game. Calais! Calais! the jewel of an English Queen, but to our men the place where all their possession, their jewels, from a sweet- heart's sweater to the extra pair of "hobs" were taken from them and turned into sal- vage. Calais, where our load was lighten- ed and with British arms in fighting trim, we left the American Army never to re- join it until the armistice was signed. Packed "40 Hommes" to a car, we depart- ed for the British Army and for training, under a new system, in the Eperlocques Training Area. British and billets were new to us, but we soon adjusted ourselves to the new conditions. We learned that a lorry was not a soft drink, but a welcomed sight to a tired P. B. I. We learned that an "indent" was for the purpose of draw- ing rations and clothing and not a field punishment. We learned that a "chit" was not used in gambling but for drawing "Scotch liquor." We learned many things and learned them rapidly, all but one, "Tommy" shoes. In the meanwhile we were told the Boche would probably try to drive in the Hazelbrook Sector and offi- cers M^ere rushed off" each day to make re- connaisance of the line, we would be ex- pected to occupy and hold at "all cost." Lines are alM^ays held that way. As many ofiicers and men as possible were sent for tours with the British in the Ypres Sal- ient, coming back, each with his story of things seen and heard. We began to speak knowingly of patrols, gas, 92's and work- ing parties. We were becoming regular BELGIUM Suddenly our training stops, orders come to move, we march away, north, north, north. Where are we going and what for? Was the Boche attacking? On the fourth of July, our Division crossed into Belgium, the first American troops in the "cock pit" of Europe. We are going into the "Salient" the Boche is going to attack. Not all the way, however, as the regiment finally stops at "Road Camp," a city of "Nissen Huts," and training is be- gun again. One battalion at a time goes into the famous "Salient" with the Brit- ish, another works on the trench systems, east and west of Poperinghe. Orders to occupy and hold these lines at all cost,, should the Boche attack, are issued but he does not attack and each battalion has an opportunity to learn the game from our British comrades. We grow more and more callous, in regard to casualties, they grow in number and the little American plots grow in size. The hum of the bombing planes overhead no longer keeps you awake. You can now tell from the whistle of the shell whether they are coming dangerously near and no longer duck into a shell hole, only to feel very foolish when it bursts a mile away. Finally the news comes that we are go- ing in on our own, "taking over" from the 33rd British, in what was known as "The Canal Sector," on the southern outskirts of Ypres. Our first relief was a complete success and without a casualty. One o'clock in the morning found us responsible for a mile of front ; our sister regiment, the 119th on our right and on their right the 27th (New York) Division, who were to be our brothers-in-arms from that time until the end. Belgium Battery Corner and the other famous places in Flanders' history became part of our own. We pit- ted our wits against the crafty Hun's and GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 81 LOOMIS MALCOMBE HALE Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, 100th Aero Squadron, Air Service. Born January 8, 1891. Son of John W. Hale. Entered service August 16, 1917, at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas. Overseas seventeen months. Hon- orably discharged June 13, 1919. One of the survivors of the Tuscania, the first American ship torpedoed. E. B. HARDEE Stem, N. C. Private, Company B, Infantry, Students' Army Training Corps, Trinity College, Durham, N. C. Born August 22, 1898. Son of Dr. P. R. Hardee. Entered service Oc- tober 10, 1918, at Durham, N, C. Hon- orably discharged December 10, 1918. JOHN GREENE HALL Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Infantry, Camp Grant, 111. Born May 9, 1898. Son of Au- gustus S. and Pansy R. Hall. Entered service September 15, 1918, at Camp Grant, 111. Received training for Second Lieutenant at Plattsburg, N. Y. Honor- ably discharged December 11, 1918. ALFRED SIDNEY HARRIS Oxford, N. C. Wagoner, 305th Ambulance Company, 80th Division. Born August 15, 1899. Son of Thomas L. and Lavina Harris. Enter- ed service August 1, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Went overseas September 15, 1918. Hon- orably discharged July 5, 1919. 82 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR held our own. We learned his habits, his plans for and time of shelling, avoiding both. This required considerable study as the shelling was constant and from every direction. It was, however, most consol- ing to see the British send "Jerry" ten shells back for each one he sent over and to know the enemy planes never dared to come over our lines except at night. We didn't fear the Boche, but we did fear we would be kept in that salient of mud, slime and filth throughout the winter, holding lines, being killed and not able to fight back. We tried not to think of it, but we couldn't help doing so. Finally some one higher decided the line should be changed and any change, of course, meant pushing the Hun a little farther back. We were anxious over the result and pleased at the chance, for at least, we would have an op- portunity to get at him. The men went over in the middle of the day, without ar- tillery support; they were wonderful, as cool and unconcerned as if on a tactical exercise. Fortunately, the enemy was not on his job and this regiment picked up fourteen of the fifteen prisoners captured; the first identification secured on the front for a considerable time, if we except a Chinaman captured by this regiment in front of Post No. 5, and whose presence there was never explained. The new line as established was held, though the Boche when he did wake up to what had taken place made the whole sector uncomforta- ble. The operation was a success, the ene- my division was classed as "fair" and if he was "fair," well, his best, we decided, could not be much better than we were, for it increased wonderfully our confi- dence in our own ability. We were all satisfied from the Army Commander to the lowest private. As a reward for our work, the news came of our relief, and that it had been decided we were too good to waste in sedentary warfare and were ordered to be G. H. Q. reserve troops, whatever that was. We were assured, however, that it meant a chance to fight whenever we went il in. The relief came off as scheduled; the British took back their salient and we moved out to "Dirty Bucket Camp" to be bathed and deloused. After having spent twenty days in the line, this was badly needed. j From "Dirty Bucket" the regimenli marched to Proven, where it entrained, landing in the vicinity of St. Pol, as part of the First British Army, This area was one of the most beautiful and comfortable we were ever in. Here also we had our first instruction in working in conjunc- tion with tanks. They made a great imr^ pression on all of us and gave us a feelinffl that with tanks to help we could go any! where. After a stay of two weeks in this> area we moved to the Acheaux Area and became a part of the Fourth British Armyj This area had been subjected to a full share' of the Hun's hate, but was a wonderful', training area. We worked very hard, as? each of us felt that the time was rapidly* approaching when we would have the bes we had put to the test. One day we wer told the time was near at hand, partial de-> tails were given us and a rehearsal put on.j By some unfortunate accident, the big' show which came later was an exact dupli- cate of this practice exercise. No terrain exercise was ever so successful. Each oflfi- cer and man seemed to feel approaching events, and put his whole soul into the work. We moved again, this time at night. Long lines of lorries assembled, the troops embussed ( ?) without a hitch, and the col- umn moved into the night. All night we rode, through shell-w^recked Albert, along the marshy Somme, through historic Per- rone, where the Boche had been just a few days before, and the first rays of the morn- ing sun found us debussed ( ?) at Tincourt, tired but ready. That afternoon we marched up still closer to the line, spend- ing the night in any place we could find, hoping the shells coming over would not land in our midst. The 59th Brigade was in the line. What were we to do? September 29th. — Foch was to play, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 83 GRAHAM WAVERLY HARRIS Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born June 24, 1893. Son of Robert W. and Mary D. Har- ris. Entered service July 15, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in France. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. Decorated at Washington, D. C, by Prince of Wales on November 13, 1919, with British M. M. Medal. RICHARD W. HARRIS Oxford, N. C. Private, Provost Guard, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born September 27, 1890. Son of E. C. Harris. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged February 12, 1919. HARVEY REDIE HARRIS R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born October 2, 1893. Son of Aldridge Harris. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas nine months. Honorably discharged June 27, 1919. GEORGE R. HARRISON, JR. Oxford, N. C. Private, Company C, Engineers First Replacement, 1st Regiment. Born August 19, 1889. Son of George R. Harrison, Sr. Entered service December 14, 1917, at Fort Thomas, Ky. Went overseas May 9, 1918. Honorably discharged July 21, 1919. 84 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR on this day, his ''master stroke," hurling the 1st, 3d, and 4th British armies against the Hindenburg Line, between St. Quentin and Cambrai. If it failed, the war would probably drag along for months yet to come ; if successful, it meant the with- drawal of enemy forces in Belgium and along the line of the Meuse before their only two gateways into Germany could be closed. About half way between these two cities, or what is left of cities, the St. Quentin Canal passes for a distance of 6,000 yards underground. This sector was in the center of the salient alloted to the 4th British Army. For four years the ene- my had been adding to a natural strength every means known to man, as this sector was the only place on the entire front over which tanks could operate and was the vi- tal spot in the famous line. The entire frontage was alloted to the Second Ameri- can Army Corps, the left of the sector was given to the 27th Division, and the right to the 30th. The "Tar Heel" Brigade of the 30th Division was assigned to the Divis- ional Front, and to this regiment was giv- en the right of the Divisional Front. The job cut out for this regiment included three rows of wire, each forty feet deep ; three rows of the Hindenburg Line ; the southern end of the Tunnel, which would hold a di- vision of troops in perfect security, and the cities of Bellicourt, Nauroy and Requeval, all fortified to the last degree, and dotted about over the entire area were numerous concrete machine gun implacements, against which shell fire was impotent. On the night of the 27th we relieved the 118th In- fantry, of the 59th Brigade. On the morn- ing of the 29th we were to go over, sup' ported by a creeping barrage and tanks. Our plans had been worked out, each bat- talion, company and man had been assign- ed to a job ; each one understood thorough- ly what he was to do; each one knew the great importance of the task assigned. Companies pledged themselves to go through to their objectives, even if only one man was left. We were determined to leave an open road for the Australians who were to follow us. We were determined to win, though our faith was tempted by be- ing told we would not succeed, as the line was too strong. At 4 :30 a. m. all troops were reported on ''tape" and the slow passing seconds each seemed an age. At 5 :45 we stood with watch in hand. Would the seconds ever pass? At 5:49 all was still, a deathly si- lence. As the final second came the thun- der of all ages seemed to break at once, the earth trembled and the flashes of hundreds of guns in the early dawn gave it all a fear- some aspect. The troops were oflf with the second, hugging the barrage, for success depended on getting the Boche before he could get out. The first lines were won when there settled over the battlefield a fog so thick, and whose density was so ad- ded to by the smoke of bursting shells, that ofl[icers lost all touch with their men ; one could not see ten feet ahead of him ; units became mixed, but each man with the ob- jective printed on his mind and the honor of his regiment enshrined in his heart, plowed on, not knowing whether he was the only one or his squad the only squad on the job. Perhaps they were working their way to death or capture, but turn back, never. It was the supreme test of troops ; had they failed it could have been forgiven, but they did not fail and the rays of the sun pierc- ing the fog at 10:00 a. m. found the 120th on their objective, the only regiment in the whole attack which went through and on time. The road was open to the Austra- lians ; the lines had been broken, the de- fences were ours. Our losses were griev- ous ; but the accomplishments, as Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig said, "Made fin- al victory possible." Over a thousand pris- oners and spoils, never counted, were in our hands. Boche officers captured, when told the operations had been a success, would not believe it, but when finally con- vinced threw up their hands in despair, saying, "It is over ; there is nothing between you and the Rhine." GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 85 ALLEN T. HART Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Supply Company, 322nd Infan- try, 81st Division. Born March 18, 1895. Son of H. S. Hart. Entered service Sep- tember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 11, 1918. Promoted to Corporal November 15, 1918. Honora- bly discharged June 25, 1919. NELSON NURFLEET HARTE Oxford, N. C. Private, Infantry, Students' Army Train- ing Corps, Wake Forest College, Wake Forest, N. C. Born in Petersburg, Va., April, 5, 1900. Son of Rev. J. D^ Harte. Entered service October 1, 1918, at Wake Forest, N. C. Honorably discharged De- cember 12, 1918. JOHN l;. li \i;r Creedmoor, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born April 15, 1896. Son of John E. Hart. Entered service April 30, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to Corporal October 11, 1917. Went over- seas May 12, 1918. Wounded at Mount Boheim, France, October 10, 1918. Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919. ROY COOPER HART R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company D, Machine Gun Training Center, Camp Hancock, Ga. Born January 18, 1896. Son of Robert and Eu- la Hart. Entered service September 13, 1918, at Camp Hancock, Ga. Honorably discharged February 9, 1919. 86 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Two days later we were taken out, but not for long. We marched back to the vi- cinity of Amiens only to retrace our steps at once and back into the lines, this time furnishing two battalions as reserve troops for the 59th Brigade, and in the fighting of this Brigade, in the taking of Fremont and Brancourt, on the 8th of October, one of our companies "mopped up" the town of Brancourt and two companies held the outpost line in the vicinity of Fremont. Here we found them in the early hours of the next morning, the morning when we were to pass through the 118th and drive the Hun across the La Salle River, six miles from the jumping off place. The other battalion was found in the vicinity of Montbrehain unaware of the coming fight. How these men managed to get in place in time to follow the attacking troops is an unsolved mystery, but the same spirit which carried each individual on and on in the attack of the 29th, sustained them again and the towns of Becquigny, La Hale, Menneress and Vaux Andigny were in our hands. To the city of Bohain, we diverted troops to aid our British comrades who were unable to advance. Our troops entered the city from the rear and soon the situation was clarified. After several days of fighting we were relieved by a reg- iment from the 27th Division, and for a few days we rested, getting a fresh breath. Back into the line again, we passed through the 118th Infantry. On we went, taking the town of Mazingheim, and when finally stopped, on October 19th, by exhaustion and lack of men, our troops were on the Heights of Catillon and overlooking the Sensee Canal. This time we were relieved by the British and this time for good. The war was over for us, as the 11th of No- vember found the regiment in a training area getting the first replacements and making ourselves ready for another push. We left the British Army a few weeks later, moving to the S. 0. S. Area near Le Mans, where we had our first experience with the American Army. RETROSPECT As we look back, it is with a keen feel- ing of satisfaction. This regiment has nothing for which it has to apologize or explain ; we have been assigned our task and our task has been successfully accom- plished. 2 We have been fortunate in our Division Commander and his Staff. We believed they knew this regiment could be counted, on to carry out their instructions, and we do not believe this confidence has been misplaced. We, in turn, have expected from them assistance in their various de- partments, and they have never failed us. We have alternately hated and admired our Brigade Commander. To him is due the making of this Division, and today we feel his labor deserves recognition it has not received. The Colonel has won from all ranks their admiration, respect and love. His ability to lead, his unfailing fairness in recognizing ability and rewarding merit, regardless of friends or friendship, has created within this regiment a brother- hood of officers which is rarely found. The work of our officers is shown in the casualty list. They have led their men» Their orders have not been "go," but "fol- low me." The men have proven themselves worthy of glorious sires, from Ypres to Catillon. They have fought on, always successful, but with ranks growing thinner each day. This regiment never received replacements to fill its losses, and as its ranks grew thinner its courage increased. They earn- ed the admiration and courage of their British comrades-in-arms by their lack of fear, their willingness to go and their de- termination to hold what they had taken. For our British allies we will always have the happiest recollections. We are proud to have served with them. For a long time we believed ourselves "out of luck" in not being with the American Army, but we no longer think so. We profited by their four years of war; we profited by GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 87 GRATIS HASWELL R. F. D. 3, Youngsville, N. C. Private, Battery F, 3rd Field Artillery. Born April 9, 1897. Son of E. J. Haswell. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged De- cember 11, 1918. BENJAMIN K. HAYS, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Captain, Medical Corps, U. S. A. Born July 3, 1870. Son of John W. Hays. En- tered service May 6, 1918, at Camp Green- leaf, Ga. Commissioned June 15, 1917. Transferred to Camp Lee, Va., June 20, 1918, to Army Training School, New Hav- •en. Conn., July 4, 1918, to U. S. General Hospital, Oteen, N. C, September 3, 1918. Honorably discharged August 23, 1919. Also examining physician to Granville County Local Board. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN HESTER Hester, N. C. Second Lieutenant, 24th Company, Cen- tral Officers' Training School, Camp Gor- don, Ga. Born October 1, 1890. Son of W. A. Hester. Entered service July 13, 1918, at Clemson College, S. C. Promoted to Second Lieutenant, Infantry Reserve Corps, January 15, 1919. Released from active duty January 15, 1919. HUGH BRYAN HESTER Oxford, N. C. Captain, 12th Field Artillery, 2nd Di- vision. Born August 5, 1895. Son of Wil- liam A. and Mary E. Hester. Entered service April 15, 1917, at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. Went overs.?as Septembei' J, 1917. 88 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR their wonderful Service of Supply, or Ar- my Service Corps, v^hich is the most per- fect organization in any army. Our troops never missed a meal regardless of condi- tions. This we attributed to the British and Australian training and supply. We missed our own artillery, which was "down south" in France, but we were giv- en Australian artillery, and better there never was. It was always at the right place at the right time. They were fight- ers, and today a "Digger" can always find himself a welcome guest in this regiment. We are going home, we hope to stay, but if we have fighting to do again, give this regiment "Jocks" or "Diggers" on our flanks ; "Diggers" handling the guns which cover us ; British airmen overhead and the Army Service Corps in the rear; give us these and we will attempt anything. SIR DOUGLAS HAIG'S TRIBUTE In parting with the American II Corps, which sustained the battle shock and shared the glory of one of the most brilliant ope- rations of the war. Field Marshal Haig does not utter the language of enconium. Would these men of the North and South, whose fathers wore the blue and gray in the Civil War, bear themselves worthily under Old Glory in the titanic struggle in France? Would they prove the peers of their veteran comrades in arms who had fought so gallantly and had known death hourly in four terrible years of war? Would these American youths, whose homes were three thousand miles across the Atlantic, stand up in the great ordeal as resolutely for their ideals and with like indifference for the perils of the European battlefields, where courage must have the quality of fatalism? Sir Douglas Haig answers in words that will be cher- ished by the relatives and friends of the rank and file of the II Corps ; for the ring- of them is so genuine : "On the 29th of September, you partici- pated with distinction in a great and criti- cal attack, which shattered the enemy's re- sistance on the Hindenburg Line, and which opened the road to final victory. The deeds of the 27th and 30th American Divisions, which took Bellicourt and Nauroy, and gallantly sustained the desperate struggle ! for Bony, will rank with the highest achievements of the war. The names of Brancourt, Fremont, Busigny, Vaux An- digny, St. Souplet and Wassigny will tes- tify to the dash and energy of your attacks. I am proud to have had you in my com- mand." It was Marshal Foch himself who testi- fied that the shattering of the vital spur of the Hindenburg Line by the Fourth Brit- ish Army and the American II Corps, in the last days of September, "opened the road to final victory." For the British and Colonials, going into battle was an old story. Experience had made their nerves steady, and they knew what to do in any emergency. The Americans had the look of new men, so fresh, so keen, so- unscarred by the tragedy of war. They looked very young, many of these American boys, but hard and fit. For the most of them, no doubt, it was a baptism by fire. As the event proved, they feared nothing, risked everything, would not be held back, but nevertheless were admirably steady. The only fault found with them by the old heads of the British Army was that "they set the pace too hard, and were too eager to get forward" against an enemy whose ingenuity in masking machine guns was devilish ; but the fault, which was a virtue, endeared our men to the British, whom experience had taught to be wary. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 89 ROBERT BENTON HIGHT Oxford, N. C. Private, Medical Department, Base Hos- pital, Camp Sever, S. C. Born May 19, 1896. Son of Robert M. and Anna E. Hight. Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Honorably discharged February 28, 1919. JAMES GRAHAM HOBGOOD R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Pi-ivate, Company B, U. S. Guards. Born March 8, 1891. Son of Frank and Claudie Hobgood. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- charged December 18, 1918. ELBERT BUXTON HOBGOOD R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Quartermaster Corps, 81st Division. Born June 9, 1891. Son of Royall Lee and Cora Hobgood. Enter- ed service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged March 10, 1919. JOSHUA HOBGOOD Oxford, N. C. Private, Company A, 306th Ammunition Train, 81st Division. Born June 23, 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Hobgood. Entered service November 12, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Au- gust 5, 1918. Honorably discharged June 26, 1919. 90 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Who Broke the Hindenburg Line? American Expeditionary Forces Office of the Commander-in-Chief France, February 19, 1919. Major General Edward H. Lewis, Com- manding 30th Division, A. E. F.: My Dear General Lewis: It gives me great pleasure to extend to you and the officers and men of the 30th Division my sincere compliments upon their appear- ance at the review and inspection on the 21st of January, southwest of Teille, which was excellent and is just what would be expected in a command with such a splen- did fighting record. After its preliminary training, the Di- vision entered the line on July 16th, where it remained almost continuously until the end of October. In that time it was in the actual battle from the 30th of August and took part in the Ypres-Lys and Somme of- fensives. On September 29th, the Divi- sion broke through both the Hindenburg and the Le Catelet-Nauroy lines, capturing Bellicourt and Nauroy, an operation on which all subsequent action of the 4th Brit- ish Army depended. From October 7th to October 20th, the Division advanced 23 kilometers in a continued series of attacks, capturing 2,352 of the enemy. Bran- court, Fremont, Busigny, St. Bernin, St. Souplet and Escaufort, La Haie, Mineresso and Vaux Andigny are names which will live in the memories of those who fought in the 30th Division. But its especial glory will always be the honor you won by break- ing the Hindenburg Line on September 29th. Such a record is one of which we are all proud. It is gratifying to see your troops in such good physical shape, but still more so to know that this almost ideal condition will continue to the end of their service and beyond, as an exemplification of their high character and soldiery qualities. I inspected the artillery brigade of the Division later, and found the same high standard of personnel that m.arks the rest of the Division. Very sincerely yours, John J. Pershing. /^X7 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 91 THOMAS GARLAND HOBGOOD R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Private, Casualty Company No. 618. Born October 20, 1896. Son of Henry Tay- lor and Pattie Hobgood. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas October 28, 1918. Honor- ably discharged June 21, 1919. JOSEPH HORTON Creedmoor, N. C. Cook, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born November 15, 1895. Son of Henry Horton. Entered service July 8, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Promoted to cook September 26, 1917. Went over- seas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. SIDNEY M. HOCKADAY Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Motor Supply Train, No. 418. Born January 16, 1896. Son of H. C. Hockaday. Entered service March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas ten months. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. ERNEST BRODIE HOWARD Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Central Officers' Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Born November 13, 1889. Son of Eugene K. and Emily A. Howard. Entered service June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Hon- orably discharged December 1, 1918. 92 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR The Conquest of the Cootie They run wild, simply wild, over me. They run me wild, just as wild as I can be, Underneath my shirt, Everywhere there's beaucoup dirt. The small ones, the big ones, I scratch until I hurt. Every night how they fight over me! I get as mad, just as mad, as I can be — Down my pants-leg, on my chest, In my eyebrows they've made nests. They run wild, simply wild over me. The situation was fierce. Everybody had them. Nobody was ashamed of it. How we scratched! Everywhere could be seen soldiers standing like Napoleon with hands thrust in blouses. The Major was raging. Action was necessary. Said a well known Medico, ''Hell's bells, we must get rid of these things. What is the matter with this Division Decooter- izing Outfit?" "Nothing," replied the Division Surgeon (by indorsement, of course), "We will get to you in time. You can stand them a little longer." But thinks this Doctor, "I just can't wait. We will have scratched our lives away before that outfit gets to us. By heck, I'll build a decooterizer, but where can I get the materials?" "How do you usually get things in this man's army?" So this good doctor, a wise old man, Swore, "I can chase cooties as well as any man can.'' So he buscowed a barrel and a G. I. can, Made a decooterizer — and the damn things ran! The next day out came the order from the Personnel Office. Each outfit in turn must be deloused. Each man must bring a complete change of clothes — if he had them — otherwise he was to be attired simp- ly but effectively in boots and slicker. Not only were the men to go through the plant, but all old blankets, shirts, ragged socks, and breeches, holes and all, must try "Doc Spavin's Cootie Killing Success." What a sight it was to see these soldats americains in groups of twenty, clothes under arms, marching to the slaughter, fearing what might be done to them in or- der to separate them from the pesky pests, but with grim smiles of satisfaction on their faces nevertheless. "Hey, Bill, what will you gimme for two males and an old female?" "Gee, soldier, you must have 'em bad. Saw you go through twice yesterday. Try a little salt on their tails next time." "Say, Henry, how many you got?" "Boy-howdy ! Buckoo. Caught one this morning that had two service stripes and a wound chevron." On this morning of Victory when Peace by day and Rest by night seemed within the grasp of every betroubled soldier, a Top Cutter, standing in front of his outfit, com- manded, "All men who have cooties, for- ward MARCH ! Bat'ry, HALT." Down in the plant, what a sight ! Clouds of steam filled the room. Indistinctly one could see naked bodies, glistening pink from the heat, and above all came the shouts of delight at the collective death of some particularly voracious squadron of pests. Listen to this soldier's farewell to his personal bunch of free boarders : "Though I've chased you and I've scratched you, By this little egg that hatched you, You're a damn good fighting bug. You Hunk o' Dirt." Here comes one buck private, fresh from the steam bath, with nothing to hide his nakedness but a slicker and a pair of boots. He was S. 0. L. — he had but one uniform. Barrels were not to be had, so he braved the battery of amazed faces of the village demoiselles to reach the refuge of his own billet. But he is happy, "Olive oil, monsieur Cootie, vous etes S. O. L. yourself maintenant." GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 93 BUCK DUKE HOWELL R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Private, Headquarters Company 60th Pioneer Infantry. Born August 27, 1896. Son of J. Walter and Mollie E. Howell. Entered service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Honorably discharged January 3, 1919. McKINLEY REED HOWELL R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Private, Company G, 119th Infantry, 30th Division. Born February 7, 1894. Son of J. Walter and Mollie E. Howell. En- tered service April 1, 1918, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Overseas ten months. Honor- ably discharged April 10, 1919. JOHN PAYTON HOWELL R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Private, Quartermaster Corps, Camp Lee, Va. Born February 17, 1890. Son of J. Walter and Mollie E. Howell. En- tered service June 24, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Honorably discharged March 6, 1919. GEORGE PENN HUNT Oxford, N. C. Private, Company C, Infantry, S. A. T. C, University of N. C, Chapel Hill, N. C. Born May 6, 1900. Son of Junius P. Hunt. Entered service October 1, 1918, at Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably discharg- ed December 10, 1918. 94 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR The clothes cleaning room was a busy place. Teams of four men plied hot irons on steaming breeches and underclothes, straight from Doc's old G. I. can. The great question was how to kill any cooties so hard boiled as to have escaped death from the scalding steam. One soldier sug- gested fresh bait in the shape of the Medico Sergeant who was directing the work. Another declared those old birds deserved to live. But they finally decided to put over a severe dose of hate to each cootie by squeezing him with a hot iron. Poor Cootie ! He tried hard to live. Into a seam he would bury himself, only to be driven out by the heat. Down a pocket he would slip until it got so hot even a vet- eran like himself couldn't stand it. Out into the open he would come to be met with a shout of ghoulish delight and to have his life squashed out, "Crunch," by a quick, deft blow of the flat iron. Finie la guerre. C'est les americains! Quoth the Cootie, "Never more." w. c. w. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 95 JURAL U. JONES Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Third Company, Headquarters Supply, 42nd Division. Born December 10, 1894. Son of A. L. Jones. Entered service June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged December 8, 1918. WILLIE T. JONES Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born December 18, 1885. Son of A. S. Jones. Entered service Oc- tober 6, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded at St. Quentin, France, October 16, 1918. Honorably discharged January 15, 1919. STEPHEN H. JONES, JR. Oxford, N. C. Medical Sergeant, Headquarters Sani- tary Detachment, 81st Division. Born at Culbreth, N. C. Son of Stephen H. Jones. Entered service March 23, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to rank of Sergeant August, 1918. Clerk for Med- ical Examining Board at Camp Jackson. Honorably discharged December 20, 1918. HERBERT JAMES KNIGHT Oxford, N. C. Cook, Quartermaster Corps. Born Oc- tober 27, 1894. Son of Charles W. Knight. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas November 23, 1918. Honoi-ably discharged Mav 13, 1919. 96 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR SAMUEL LEE KNOTT Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born April 27, 1896. Son of Crawford M. Knott. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Pro- moted to private, 1st class, April 26, 1919. Went overseas August 20, 1918. Honor- ably discharged June 26, 1919. AUGUSTUS LANDIS Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born December 19, 1899. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Landis. Entered service April 23, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank of Corporal March 5, 1918. Went over- seas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 24, 1919. One of the youngest sol- diers from Granville County. THOMAS J. KNOTT R. F. D. 1, Berea, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born May 27, 1891. Son of Mrs. Lizzie Knott. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Honor- ably discharged June 5, 1919. HAMLIN LANDIS Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Medical Department, Base Hospital, Camp Humphreys, Va. Born April 13, 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Landis. Entered service Sep- tember 5, 1918, at Camp Humphreys, Va. Honorably discharged March 22, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 97 MARK ALEXANDER LANDIS Oxford, N. C. Private, 322nd Supply Company, 81st Division. Born September 25, 1889. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Landis. En- tered Service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. WILLIAM THORPE LANDIS Oxford, N. C. First Lieutenant, Company K. 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born May 11, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Lan- dis. Promoted to rank of Second Lieuten- ant November 13, 1917, First Lieutenant February 20, 1919. Entered service July 27, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 17, 1918. Wounded in bat- tle of Lankhorf Farm September 2, 1918, and Hindenburg Line September 29, 1918. Honorably discharged May 6, 1919. JOE DAVIS LASSITER Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Medical Department, Port of Embarkation, Newport News, Va. Born June 25, 1892. Son of Robert W. and Let- tie K. Lassiter. Entered service May 10, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Stuart, Va. Honorably discharg- ed March 5, 1919. ERIC AMOS LATTA R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company L, 321st Infantry, 81st Division. Born in Granville County. Son of Harvey Hassel Latta. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Hon- orably discharged June 28, 1919. 98 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR CORRIE LAWRENCE R. F. D. 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Private, 321st Ambulance Company, 81st Division. Born August 11, 1892. Son of Leorydon Lawrence. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 7, 1918. Honorably dis- charged June 26, 1919. OSCAR L. LLOYD R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born May 10, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. S. T. Lloyd. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 12, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919- ARCHIBALD GREGORY LEWIS Stovall, N. C. Sergeant, Company I, 318th Infantry, 80th Division. Born April 13, 1886. Son of Charles L. and Lucy G. Lewis. Enter- ed service September 18, 1917, at Camp Lee, Va. Promoted to Sergeant Septem- ber 18, 1918. Went overseas May 22, 1918. Honorably discharged June 5, 1919. THOMAS C. LLOYD R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company A, 30th Di- vision. Born April 4, 1895. Son of S. T. Lloyd. Entered service September 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas ten months. Wounded at St. Souplet, France, October 17, 1918. Honorably dis- charged April 7, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 99 ARMIE L. LONGMIRE R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company B, 323rd Infantry, 81st Division. Born March 13, 1896. Son of J. Y. Longmire. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 1, 1918. Honorably discharged June 4, 1919. BENJAMIN R. LYON Northside, N. C. Private, Company A, 105th Engineers, 30th Division. Born January 31, 1893. Son of Jad L. Lyon. Entered service March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas March 20, 1918. Wounded in Belgium on Flanders' Front, August 24, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. KENNETH TALMAGE LUMPKIN Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 30th Division. Born October 2, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Lumpkin. Entered ser- vice October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to rank of Corporal Decem- ber 15, 1917. Overseas 11 months. Wound- ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. WILEY L. LYON Northside, N. C. Private, Medical Department, Port of Embarkation, Newport News, Va. Born June 28, 1891. Son of Joel L. Lyon. En- tered service March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged April 23, 1919. 100 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR I JAMES E. MATTHEWS R. F. D. 2, Oxford, N. C. First Sergeant, Company E, 120th In- fantry, 30th Division. Born in Granville County, 1895. Son of L. A. Matthews. En- tered service January 5, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Overseas eleven months. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. ZOLLIE T. MAY R. F. D. 2, Youngsville, N. C. Private, Company D, 3rd Provisional Regiment, 156th Depot Brigade. Born April 11, 1897. Son of J. T. May. Enter- ed service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Honorably discharged March 14, 1919. WILLIE G. MATTHEWS Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 30th Division. Born in 1891. Son of L. A, Matthews. Entered service April 28, 1915, at Camp Glenn. Promoted to rank of Sergeant December 1, 1918. Overseas 11 months. Wounded at battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918. Awarded distinguished ser- vice cross. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. JOHN B. MAYES, JR. Stem, N. C. Captain, Company D, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born December 24, 1891. Son of John B. Mayes, Sr. Entei'ed ser- vice April 5, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to Second Lieutenant July 25, 1917, First Lieutenant November 13, 1917, Captain August 30, 1918. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Awarded Distinguished Ser- vice Medal, also British Military Cross. Honorably discharged June 26, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 101 BENONA PAUL MAYES Oxford, N. C. Private, Company C, 168th Infantry, 42nd Division. Born in 1896. Son of W. E. Mayes. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 11, 1918. Honorably discharged May 9, 1919. HENRY HOYEL MITCHELL Franklinton, N. C. Private, Battery F, 118th Field Artil- lery, 30th Division. Born September 17, 1896. Son of J. H. Mitchell. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas October 21, 1918. Honorably discharged January 14, 1919. JOHN WILLIAM MEDFORD Oxford, N. C. Sergeant-Ma j or. Headquarters Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born Feb- ruary 25, 1899. Son of Joe J. and Mary Medford. Entered service July 10, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. JOHN GARLICK MITCHELL Oxford, N. C. First Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantrv, 30th Division. Born Jan- uary 5, 1898.' Son of W. Z. Mitchell. En- tex'ed service July 19, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Promoted to First Sergeant De- cember 1.5, 1918. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. 102 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR OLLIE B. MITCHELL Oxford, N. C. Private, Headquarters Company, Sani- tary Detachment, 20th Sanitary Train. Born January 13, 1885. Son of Walter B. Mitchell. Entered service March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged January 26, 1919. ROBERT L. MORGAN R. F. D. 1, Nelson, Va. Private, Company E, 11th Infantry^ 5th Division. Born in 1892. Son of James T. Morgan. Entered service September 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Over- seas twelve months. Wounded in St. Mi- hiel drive September 12, 1918. Honorably discharged May 22, 1919. CHARLES HENRY MORGAN R. F. D. 1, Nelson, Va. Private, Headquarters Company, Ma- chine Gun Training Center, Camp Han- cock, Ga. Born March 26, 1895. Son of James T. Morgan. Entered sei-vice Sep- tember 27, 1918, at Camp Hancock, Ga. Honorably discharged December 28, 1918. WILLIAM WILSON MORTON R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Captain (Chaplain), 81st Division. Born June 22, 1890. Son of Joseph W. and Mary T. Morton. Entered service Au- gust 10, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 5, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 103 FRED RAGGER MORRIS Oxford, N. C. Private, Company 4, 156th Depot Bri- gade, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born in 1893. Son of Joe Howard Morris. Entered ser- vice May 23, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Hon- orably discharged December 11, 1919. JONES PRYOR MOSS Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Medical Department lst-2nd-3rd Tr. Battalion, 156th Depot Brigade, 20th Di- vision. Born March 27, 1892. Son of L. P. Moss. Entered service April 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- charged May 17, 1919. HERBERT S. MOSS Creedmoor, N. C. Wagoner, Headquarters Detachment, 317th Machine Gun Battalion, 81st Division. Born December 20, 1894. Son of Samuel L. Moss. Entered service November 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Wagoner November 28, 1918. Went over- seas August 11, 1918. Honorably dis- charged July 1, 1919. THOMAS E. MOSS Creedmoor, N. C. Corporal, Company C, 317th Machine Gun Battalion, 81st Division. Born No- vember 14, 1892. Son of Samuel L. Moss. Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Corporal July 11, 1918. Went overseas August 11, 1918. Honorably discharged July 3, 1919. 104 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR ALVIS ALLEN NELSON R. F. D. 2, Virgilina, Va. Private, Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born November 24, 1897. Son of J. H. Nelson. Entered service May 29, 1918, at Camt) Jackson, S. C. Over- seas ten months. Honorably discharged June 28, 1919. LEO THOMAS NORWOOD Bullock, N. C. Private, 1st class, 324th Ambulance Company, 306th Sanitation Train, 81st Division. Born November 5, 1895. Son of Robert A. and Hattie Royster Norwood. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 8, 1918. Honorably discharged June 29, 1919. ROY LEE NOBLIN Nelson, Va. Private, Company A, S. A. T. C, Uni- versity of N. C. Born November 18, 1897. Son of S. L. Noblin. Entered service Oc- tober 1, 1918, at S. A. T. C, University of N. C, Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably dis- charged December 9, 1918. SAMUEL E. OAKLEY R. F. D. 1, Moriah, N. C. Private, Company 10, Infantry, 81st Di- vision. Born April 17, 1896. Son of An- drew L. Oakley. Entered service March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- ably discharged September 20, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 105 RUJ'US CARROLL O'BRIEN Stovall, N. C. Private, 1st class, Battery C, 60th Field Artillery. Born June 30, 1896. Son of R. H. O'Brien. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- ably discharged January 28, 1919. ALBERT HOOD PARHAM Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30tih Dvision. Born June 15, 1893. Son of James L. Parham. Entered service July 2, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Pro- moted to Corporal August 22, 1917, Ser- geant September 24, 1917. Went over- seas May 12, 1918. Attended Fourth Ar- my Musketry School, Norbecourt, France. Candidate Officers' Training School. Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919. ATHIE L. OVERTON Hester, N. C. Private, 50th Company, Infantry, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born April 29, 1895. Son of M. S. Overton. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- ably discharged July 20, 1919. SAMUEL SHIELDS PARHAM Oxford, N. C. Wagoner, Supply Company 324th In- fantry, 81st Division. Born May 7, 1893. Son of S. O. Parham. Entered service November 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to rank of Corporal May, 1918. Overseas August 5, 1918. Honor- ably discharged June 24, 1919. 106 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR WILLIAM FRED PARHAM Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born October 2, 1896. Son of William A. and Lula T. Par- ham. Entered service May 29, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 17, 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. FRANK E. PARROTT R. F. D. 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Corporal, Battery A, 36th Artillery, C. A. C. Born October 30, 1892. Son of Ed- ward B. and Mattie L. Parrott. Entered service July 13, 1918, at Clemson College, S. C. Army Training Detachment. Honor- ably discharged December 6, 1918. FRED F. PARRISH Stem, N. C. Private, Company H, 56th Pioneer In- fantry. Born July 8, 1896. Son of Char- ley H. Parrish. Entered service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went overseas September 4, 1918. Honorably discharged July 6, 1919. SAMUEL T. PARROTT Creednioor, N. C. Private, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born May 1, 1896. Son of Edward B. and Mattie L. Parrott. Entered service July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went ov- erseas May 17, 1918. Honorably dischai'g- ed April 17, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 107 GEORGE G. PEACE Franklinton, N. C. Private, Company H, 323i'd Infantry, 81st Division. Born 1895. Son of Ike Peace. Promoted April 26, 1918. Enter- ed service at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- ably discharged December 26, 1919. JANADIUS H. PEARCE R. F. D. 3, Youngsville, N. C. Private, Battery B, 3rd Field Artillery, R. D. Born November 6, 1896. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Honorably discharged Decem- ber 11, 1918. WILLIAM GRANDY PEACE Oxford, N. C. Colonel, 11th Field Artillery. Born September 21, 1875. Son of Alexander S. Peace. Entered service June 20, 1896 at U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. Went overseas December 15, 1917. BURNICE PEED Creedmoor, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born October 30, 1897. Son of A. W. Peed. Entered service July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas June 12, 1918. Wound- ed in battle of Hindenburg Line Septem- ber 29, 1918. Honorably discharged March 15, 1919. 108 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR FRED LEE PEED Oxford, N. C. Wagoner, 324th Airibulance Company, 81st Division. Born July 26, 1891. Son of Graham and Ella Peed. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 7, 1918. Promoted to Wagoner August 7, 1918. Honorably discharged June 29, 1919. JAMES ELMO PERRY R. F. D. 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Wake County, N. C. Son of W. F. Perry. Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Honorably discharged February 13, 1918. HUGH FREELAND PEED Oxford, N. C. First Sergeant, 11th Company, 3rd Tr. Bn., 156th Depot Brigade, 20th Division. Born may 24, 1894. Son of C. G. Peed. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Sergeant July 22, 1918, First Sergeant September 20, 1918. Honorably discharged June 4, 1919. MARSHALL KERR PINNIX Oxford, N. C. Candidate, Central Officers' Training School, Camp Lee, Va. Born July 4, 1888. Son of Marshall H. and Hannah C. Pinnix. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Appointed corporal June 15, 1918. Transferred to C. O. T. C, Camp Lee, Va., August 15, 1918. Hon- orably discharged November 23, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 109 JOHN B. PITTARD Bullock, N. C. Private, Battery F, 9th Regiment, F. A. R. D. Born in Granville County. Son of James G. Pittard. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- ably discharged December 23, 1918. WILLIAM HILL POWELL Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born October 15, 1898. Son of James B. and Bettie G. Powell. Entered service July 7, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Appointed Corporal October 27, 1916, Sergeant March 1, 1917. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Gassed at Vaux Andigny, France, October 10, 1918. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. Dec- orated at Washington, D. C, by the Prince of Wales, on November 13, 1919, with British M. M. Medal. JOHN EDWARD PITTARD Hester, N. C. Private, Company I, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born July 26, 1895. Son of John C. and Nannie F. Pittard. En- tered service May 28, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. CHARLES GREGORY POWELL Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born July 7, 1894. Son of James B. and Bettie G. Pow- ell. Entered service June 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank of Sergeant June 25, 1917. Went overseas June 4, 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. 110 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR JESSE L. PLEASANT R. F. D. 3, Youngsville, N. C. Private, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born November 8, 1892. Son of John Pleasant. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Honorably dis- charged March 21, 1919. JESSE CADE PREDDY R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Private, Battery C, 60th Field Artillery. Born July 20, 1896. Son of Robert Pred- dy. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged January 28, 1919. SAM JONES PLEASANTS Oxford, N. C. Private, Provost Guard Company, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born November 22, 1889. Son of Mrs. Emma Pleasants. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C, Honorably discharged March 21, 1919. ROY PREDDY R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Sergeant, S. O. S. Born February 8, 1890. Son of Robert Preddy. Entered service November 19, 1917, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Promoted to Sergeant June 1^ 1918. Went overseas October 5, 1918. Honorably discharged July 5, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 111 HALLIE M. PUCKETT Oxford, N. C. Pi-ivate, 1st class, Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in 1889. Son of S. R. Puckett. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Ov- ■erseas ten months. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. SPURGEON PUCKETT R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in 1889. Son of S. R. Puckett. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas ten months. Honorably discharg- ed June 25, 1919. LENNIE THOMAS PULLIUM R. F. D. 4, Roxboro, N. C. Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born July 22, 1900. Son of James Pullium. Entered service June 24, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went ov- erseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharg- ed April 18, 1919. WILLIAM CORNELIUS ROBARDS Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born May 2, 1896. Son of Henry J. and Mary H. Robards. Entered service August 5, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919. 112 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR BEVERLY S. ROYSTER, JR. Oxford, N. C. Captain, Battery A, 113th Field Artil- lery, 30th Division. Born February 10, 1895. Son of Beverly S. Royster. Entered service May 12, 1917, at Camp Oglethorpe, Ga. Promoted to rank of 2nd Lieutenant July 20, 1917; 1st Lieutenant October 9, 1917; Captain February 4, 1919. Overseas May 8, 1918, returned March 19, 1919. En- gagements: Toul Sector, St. Mihiel Offen- sive, Argonne Forest Offensive, Woerve Sector, Woerve Offensive. Honorably dis- charged April 15, 1919. BEVERLY SAMPSON ROYSTER Oxford, N. C. Born near Henderson, N. C, January 17, 1865. Entered service of the State January 17, 1886, enlisted in Company E, 3rd Infantry. Promoted to rank of Cor- poral, Sergeant, 1st Sergeant, 1886-'87-88; 2nd Lieutenant, Company E, 3rd Infantry, January 21, 1889; Captain, Company E, January 19, 1891; Major, 3rd Infantry, January 25, 1894; Major and Assistant Inspector-General, December 12, 1894; Col- onel and Inspector-General, February 19, 1897; Brigadier General and Adjutant General, December 1, 1898; Brigadier Gen- eral and Adjutant General, January 15, 1901. Enlisted in Company E, 3rd Infan- try, January 12, 1905; Brigadier General, commanding 1st Brigade, April 1, 1909. Placed on retired list with rank of Major General, June 1, 1916. Appointed Acting Adjutant General, June 27, 1916; resigned September 1, 1917. Appointed Adjutant General August 3, 1918. ROYALL H. ROYSTER Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Air Service. Born September 8, 1896. Son of Gen. B. S. Royster. Pilot in Air Service and instruc- tor in advanced flying and aeronautics. At camp eighteen months. Entered service July 25, 1917. Honorably discharged Jan- uary 8, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 113 EARL C. ROBERTS Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born December 2, 1892. Son of Mrs. Mary Roberts. Entered ser- vice October 3, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Pro- moted to Sergeant November 15, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. EMMITT B. SHERRON Youngsville, N. C. Private, 306th Ammunition Train, 81st Division. Born March 20, 1894. Son of John M. Sherron. Entered service April 2G, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Wounded carry- ing ammunition to the front, November 8, 1918. Honorably discharged March 8, 1919. AUGUSTUS G. ROYCROFT Northside, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born April 22, 1890. Son of John R. Roycroft. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Promoted to Cor- poral February 15, 1919. Honorably dis- charged June 25, 1919. JOHN LEDFORD SIZEMORE R. F. D. 3, Clarksville, Va. Private, Company F, 166th Infantry, 42nd Division. Born January 22, 1888. Son of L. S. and Emma Sizemore. Enter- ed service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 30, 1918. Hon- orably discharged May 11, 1919. H-R-13 114 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR CLIFTON SLAUGHTER Oxford, N. C. Chief Mechanic, Battery F, 316th Field Artillery, 81st Division. Born July 25, 1888. Son of J. M. Slaughter. Entered service April 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 5, 1918. Pro- moted to Chief Mechanic November 19, 1918. Honorably discharged June 17, 1919. JAMES L STEAGALL Oxford, N. C. Captain, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born May 2, 1882. Son of I. H. Steagall. Entered service March 7, 1898, at Oxford, N. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Returned to U. S. as In- structor August 10, 1918. Honorably dis- charged January 31, 1919. THADDEUS GARLAND STEM Oxford, N. C. Major, commanding 1st Battalion, 113th Field Artillery, 30th Division. Born in Granville County near Stem. Son of John H. Stem. Entered service for World War August 5, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C, but had served, previous to this date, several years in North Carolina National Guard. Overseas nine months. Enlisted in E Company, N. C. N. G., February, 1908; was later promoted to 1st Lieutenant, then to rank of Captain. Resigned January, 1914. In June, 1916, offered services for Mexi- can border; accepted and given rank of Captain. Commanded Machine Gun Com- pany, 3rd N. C. N. G., at El Paso, Texas. Transferred to Artillery and given rank of Major July 13, 1917. Honorably discharged April 15, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 115 CHARLES B. STRICKLAND Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company C, 29th En- gineers, attached to 1st Army, A. E. F. Born August 13, 1894. Son of William N. Strickland, Sr. Entered service March 9, 1918, at Fort Slocum, N. Y. Went ov- erseas June 21, 1918. Wounded in batt'e of St. Mihiel, France, September 17, 1918. Honorably discharged March 22, 1919. BERTRAM T. STROTHER R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Private, Sanitary Detachment, 120th Infantry, oOth Division. Born in Gran- ville County. Son of R. E. Strother. En- tered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas June 5, 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. CHARLES C. STALEY Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Wilkes County. Son of R. M. and Mary P. Staley. Enter- ed service September 30, 1914, at Oxford, N. C. Received training at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wound- ed in battle of Bellicourt, France, Septem- ber 29, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. LUTHER P. STROUD R. F. D. 1, Hester, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born October 10, 1895. Son of Dolphus and Lenas Bell Stroud. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Au- gust 11, 1918. Promoted to private, 1st class, January 1, 1919. Honorably dis- charged June 26, 1919. 116 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR ALBERT H. TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born February 11, 1889. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Taylor. En- tered service September 1, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to Sergeant Septem- ber 3, 1917. Went overseas May 27, 1918. Cited for bravery at Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. Honorably discharg- ed April 19, 1919. C. BUXTON TAYLOR R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Candidate, 18th Training Battery, Field Artillery, Central Officers' Training School. Born April 1, 1895. Son of Thom- as G. and Mildred K. Taylor. Entered service June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Candidate August 15, 1918. Honorably discharged November 29, 1918. CHARLES ARCHIBALD TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. Regimental Supply Sergeant, 321st In- fantry, 81st Division. Born October 28, 1886. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Tay- lor. Entered service September 10, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Upton, N. Y. Went overseas July 30, 1918. Honorably discharged June 27, 1919. HENRY LINDSEY TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born August 15, 1896. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Tay- lor. Entered service April 23, 1917, at Camp Se\ier, S. C. Went overseas May 17, 1918. Cited for bravery October 19, 1918, at Mazingham, France. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 117 JAMES ALEXANDER TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. First Lieutenant, Headquarters Com- pany, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born July 1, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. P. Taylor. Entered service May 14, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to First Lieutenant December 15, 1917. Went over- seas May 18, 1918. Honorably discharged May 3, 1919. ROBERT KENNON TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. Private, Company E, 54th Infantry (Regulars), 6th Division. Born March 8, 1895. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Tay- lor. Entered service May 10, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went overseas July 6, 1918. Honorably discharged July 20, 1919. JOSEPH WHITE TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. Private, Company A, Infantry, Stu- dents' Army Training Corps, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. Enter- ed service October 15, 1918, at Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably discharged Decem- ber 9, 1918. GEORGE NORFLEET THOMAS Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, U. S. Reserves. Born October 5, 1896. Son of John Nor- fleet and Florrie Cook Thomas. Entered service June 14, 1917, at U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. Honorably discharged from U. S. M. A. September 21, 1917. Entered service again Septem- ber 7, 1918, at Camp Greene, N. C. Pro- moted to Second Lieutenant February 28, 1919. 118 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR LAWRENCE THOMAS Stem, N. C. Private, Company C, First Reg'iment, Field Artillery, R. D. Born in Granville County. Son of J. J. Thomas. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged December 14, 1918. HUNTER M. THOMASSON Stem, N. C. Private, Battery C, 60th Field Artillery,, Born May 23, 1897. Son of F. M. Thom- asson. Entered service August 26, 1918,, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- charged January 21, 1919. WALTER H. THOMAS Stem, N. C. Private, Company G, 323rd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in Wilson County. Son of J. J. Thomas. Entered service No- vember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged March 32, 1919. JAMES M. THOMASSON Oxford, N. C. Private, Infantry, Depot Brigade, Camp Holabird, Md. Born June 16, 1892. Son of James J. Thomasson. Entered service August 5, 1918, at Camp Holabird, Md. Honorably discharged March 10, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 119 LOUIS THORPE, JR. Berea, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born November 4, 1895. Son of Louis and Pauline Thorpe. Entered service September 16, 1912, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Promoted to Sergeant July 27, 1917. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in Battle of Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. Honox'ably discharg- ed July 3, 1919. CHARLIE MORTON TILLOTSON R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company G, 166th Infantry, 42nd Division. Born July 7, 1896. Son of W. H. Tillotson. Entered sei'vice Sep- tember 17, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged May 14, 1919. ROBERT L. TINGEN R. F. D. 1, Stovall, N. C. Private, Battery E, 13th Regiment, F. A. R. D. Born May 9, 1897. Son of J. G. Tingen. Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- charged December 20, 1918. NATHAN C. TURNER R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 306th Ammuni- tion Train, 81st Division. Born October 31, 1893. Son of P. H. and Bettie P. Tur- ner. Entered service November 12, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 8, 1918. Honorably discharged July 21, 1919. 120 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR GEORGE TAYLOR TUNSTALL Oxford, N. C. Y. M. C. A. Secretary. Born in Vance County September 15, 1885. Son of James Alexander and Virginia Currin Tunstall. Pastor of Enon, Hester, Tabb's Creek and Bullock Baptist churches. Entered service August 29, 1918. Sailed for France Sep- tember 10, 1918. Attached to 17th Field Artillery, 2nd Division. With Army of Oc- cupation at Coblenz, Germany. Joined the Y. M. C. A. at New York, N. Y. Highly commended by Marshal Foch, General Pershing, Marshal Petain, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, Admiral Benson and other high officials. ROY S. UMSTEAD Stem, N. C. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born January 20, 1892. Son of Wiley L. Umstead. Entered ser- vice June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 1, 1918. Honorably discharged April 12, 1919. LUTHER MARTIN VAUGHAN R. F. D. 1, Nelson, Va. Private, Infantry, Camp Jackson, S. €► Born June 12, 1894. Son of Martin Vaughan. Entered service November 12, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged June 10, 1919. Re-enlisted June 11, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 121 ROY C. VAUGHAN Bullock, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company E, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born July 22, 1886. Son of J. J. Vaughan. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to private, 1st class, Oc- tober 1, 1918. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. COLEMAN B. VEAZEY Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company A, Infantry, Stu- dents' Army Training Corps, Elon College, N. C. Born May 16, 1899. Son of F. J. Veazey. Entered service October 25, 1918, at Elon College, N. C. Honorably dis- charged December 11, 1918. ALEXANDER H. VEAZEY Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Headquarters Troop, 81st Di- vision. Born January 19, 1895. Son of W. A. Veazey. Entered service November 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Over- seas ten months. Honorably discharged June 23, 1919. ROY J. WALKER Stem, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company M, 23rd In- fantry, 2nd Division. Born January 17, 1890. Son of W. H. Walker. Entered ser- vice November 19, 1917, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Went overseas March 12, 1918. Wounded in battle of Chateau Thierry, France, June 14, 1918. Promoted to pri- vate, 1st class. May 1, 1919. Honorably discharged August 16, 1919. 122 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR WILLIS ROBERT WALKER Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company A, 324th Infantry, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born in 1888. Son of W. J. Walker. Entered service No- vember 20, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged February 20, 1918. JAMES JENNINGS WALTERS Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born November 2, 1895. Son of Conrad and Loretta V. Walters. Entered service April 16, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to Corporal Au- gust 10, 1917, Sergeant August 15, 1918. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. Clerk Company E, 120th Infantry. WILLIAM DEVIN WEBB Oxford, N. C. Private, Students' Army Training Corps, University of N. C, Chapel Hill, N. C. Born September 4, 1900. Son of John and Anna Devin Webb. Entered service Sep- tember 30, 1918, at Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably discharged December 15, 1918. GUY T. WHEELER Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Company C, 105th Supply Train, 30th Division. Born Au- gust 7, 1896. Son of S. M. Wheeler. En- tered service August 22, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went overseas June 24, 1918. Honorably discharged April 14, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 123 KELLEY B. WHEELER East Durham, N. C. Private, M. D. Department, 30th Divis- ion. Born in Granville County. Son of T. B. and Delia Wheeler. Entered ser- vice April 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas May 11, 1918. Transferred from Company E, 119th Infantry, to Medical Department, 119th Regiment May 6, 1918. Honorably discharged April 8, 1919. JAMES A. WILKINS R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company F, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born January 28, 1895. Son of Charlie Wilkins. Enter- ed service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas eleven months. Honor- ably discharged June 25, 1919. FRED C. WILKINS Stem, N. C. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born May 9, 1893. Son of A. S. Wilkins. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went over- seas July 18, 1918. Honorably discharged July 7, 1919. THOMAS B. WILLIAMS Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Medical Detachment, 119th Infantry, 30th Division. Born Oc- tober 30, 1892. Son of J. L. Williams. Entered service April 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 11, 1918. Honorably discharged April 8, 1919. 124 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR WILLIAM ROY WILLIFORD Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Granville County. Son of Andrew Williford. Entered ser- vice August 1, 1913, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Promoted to Sergeant May 1, 1917. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded while advancing on Hindenburg Line, and right thigh had to be amputated five inches above the knee. CHARLES JULIAN WILSON Stovall, N. C. Enlisted in Company C, Virgina Coast Artillery, in Richmond, Va., November 23, 1917. Assigned to active service May 1, 1918, and sent to Fort Monroe, Va. Or- dered to Sparrow's Point, Md., for inter- nal guard duty June 21, 1918. Transfer- red to Camp Meade, Md., November 20, 1918, and placed in Battery C, 35th Regi- ment Coast Artillery. Honorably dis- charged December 5, 1918. GRAHAM J. W. WILSON Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Provost Guards, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born February 22, 1895. Son of J. W. Wilson. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged March 21, 1919. ROBERT BENTLEY WILSON Stovall, N. C. Volunteered at Covington, Ky., October, 1917, being under weight he failed to pass the physical examination. He was drafted January 18, 1918, and assigned to Fort Barrancas, Fla. Promoted to rank of Sergeant July 1, 1918, to Supply Sergeant July 11, 1918. Transferred to Fort Mon- roe, October, 1918. Received commission as 2nd Lieutenant, Coast Artillery, O. R. C, January 16, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 125 WILLIAM E. WINTERS Stem, N. C. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born February 23, 1896. Son of William Thomas Winters. Enter- ed service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jack- son, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. GEORGE L. WRIGHT Virgilina, Va. Private, Battery C, 60th Field Artillery, 60th Regulars. Born June 10, 1894. Son of G. W. Wright. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- ably discharged January 25, 1919. CHARLES T. WOMBLE Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born August 21, 1898. Son -of M. S. and Edna Womble. Entered service July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honor- ably discharged April 18, 1919. ROBERT A. YANCEY R. F. D. 2, Virgilina, Va. Private, Company C, First Regiment, Field Artillery. Born in Granville Coun- ty. Son of A. J. Yancey. Entered ser- vice August 2, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged February 15, 1919. 126 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR ELMOS BECK Northside, N. C. Private, Company E, 81st Division. Son of F. P. Beck. Born in 1892. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 12, 1918. Pro- moted to Private, 1st class, Avhile in France. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. PARROTT B. HARDEE Stem, N. C. Private, 320th Ambulance Corps, 80th Division. Son of Dr. P. R. Hardee. En- tered service May 5, 1919, at Camp Lee, Va. Overseas from May 27, 1918, to May 31, 1919. Engaged in battles of Artois Sector, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne of- fensives. Honorably discharged June 16,. 1919. JERMIE L. CHANDLER Oxford, N. C. Private, Infantry, 42nd Division. Born February 6, 1917. Son of J. T. Chandler. Entered service August 6, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas seven months. Honorably discharged May 28, 1919. MARVIN F. MOORE Stem, N. C. Private, Company B, 3rd E. T. R. Born 1887. Son of H. F. Moore. Entered ser- vice September 5, 1918, at Humphreys, Va. Honorably discharged January 4, 1919. LUTHER C. CRITCHER Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Company L, 322nd Regulars, 81st Division. Born January 15, 1894. Son of C. M. Critcher. Enter- ed service June 19, 1914, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Trained at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Second Lieutenant August 15, 1917. Honorably discharged January 27, 1918. CLINE C. MOSER Oxford, N. C. Mounted Orderly, Headquai'ters Com- pany, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born September 12, 1899. Son of William M. Moser. Entered service July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Overseas seven months. Honorably discharged April 16^ 1919. JAMES M. ELLINGTON Oxford, N. C. First Lieutenant, Company E, 120th In- fantry, 30th Division. Born February 1, 1892. Son of J. M. Ellington, Sr. Entered service June 28, 1908, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C. Pro- moted to Second Lieutenant December 4, 1917, First Lieutenant August 22, 1918. Went overseas June 1, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. Honorably discharged May 13, 1919. CARLTON PATRICK O'BRIEN Oxford, N. C. Private, Second Company, Motor Trans- port Corps. Born in Granville County. Son of William O'Brien. Entered service August 30, 1918, at Camp Greene, N. C. Honorably discharged February 10, 1919. MARVIN ANDREW GOODE Virgilina, Va. Corporal, M. T. D., Machine Gun Train- ing Center, Camp Hancock, Ga. Born May 19, 1891. Son of J. W. and Rebecca Jane Goode. Entered service July 22, 1918, at Camp Hancock, Ga. Promoted to Cor- poral September 19, 1918. Machine Gun Instructor. Honorably discharged Decem- ber 20, 1918. HENRY A. TAYLOR R. F. D. 2, Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, 319th Ambulance Company,. 305th Sanitary Train, 80th Division. Born August 16, 1885. Son of Thomas G. and Mildred Kennon Taylor. Entered service September 25, 1917, at Camp Lee, Va. Promoted to Sergeant November 1, 1917. Went overseas May 25, 1918. Honorably discharged June 9, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 127 GEORGE LYNCH TILLERY Wilmington, N. C. Regiment Sergeant-Major, Transporta- tion Corps at Large, 15th Grand Division Transportation Corps. Born at Weldon, N. C, June 12, 1888. Son of Lynn Boyd and Magdalene Lynch Tillery. Entered service April 13, 1918, at Camp Laurel, Md. Promoted to rank of Regiment Sergeant- Major May 25, 1918, Second Lieutenant August 11, 1919. Overseas July 1, 1918. Recommended for citation and award of Distinguished Service Medal. Honorably discharged June 18, 1919. CHARLIE H. VOLZ Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Petersburg, Va. Son of Herman P. Volz. Entered service June 28, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went over- seas May 12, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. LUTHER W. UMSTEAD Stem, N. C. Private, Company A, Infantry, Students' Army Training Corps, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. Born Sep- tember 28, 1897. Son of Willie L. Urn- stead. Entered service October 1, 1918, at Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably dis- charged December 10, 1918. JOHN MEADOWS WOOD Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Company I, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born in Granville County. Son of W. T. Wood. Entered service Sep- tember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 1, 1918. Promoted to Sergeant July 10, 1918. Honorably dis- charged June 25, 1919. THE FURY OF BATTLE LEAVES ITS MARK 128 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 'If you want to see me grin, you need only tuck me in Some corner of the U. S. A. I would swap the Cote dee Or, if I owned that country, for Just a corner in the U. S. A." GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 129 DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS U. S. A. AWARDED TO Lieut. James M. Ellington Oxford, N. C. Corp. John B. Fowler Creedmoor, N. C. Sergt. Graham Waverly Harris Oxford, N. C. Sergt. Willie G. Matthews Oxford, N. C. Capt. John B. Mayes, Jr. Stem, N. C. Sergt. William Hill Powell Oxford, N. C. Sergt. Albert H. Taylor Oxford, N. C. Sergt. Henry Lindsey Taylor Oxford, N. C. Lieut. George Lynch Tillery Wilmington, N. C. H-R-i; 130 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR BRITISH MILITARY CROSS England LEGION OF HONOR MEDAL France AWARDED TO CAPTAIN JOHN B. MAYES, JR. Company D, 120th Infantry Stem, N. C. In the attack on the Hindenburg Line near Bellicourt, 29th September, 1918, this officer, with his Company Headquarters, nine in number, moved forward during the smoke and heavy fog to the canal at the entrance to the Bellicourt Tunnel. Upon arriving there he found that the platoon, which had been detailed to dispose of the enemy in the dugouts along the canal banks, had not arrived. Realizing the serious- ness of the situation, he at once made preparation to undertake the work himself, and with these nine men properly, distributed, successfully captured 242 of the enemy, which he sent back with a detail while he and four remaining men held the tunnel from hostile detachments until relief came forward. Only by their initiative was this officer and his men able to cope with their unexpected situation. Their conduct ably adds to the gallant record of their organization already established. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 131 To the Memory of our Honored Dead A REQUIEM Sleep, gallant soldiers, sleep! For you the conflict's o'er; The clash of clanging arms Can pain your ears no more. Sleep, cherished soldiers, sleep! We hold your memory dear, Tho' o'er your distant graves, We may not shed a tear. Sleep, patriot soldiers, sleep! Your country guards your fame. And safely will she hold Each dear and honored name. Elizabeth C. Jordan. 132 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR FREDERICK LILLIAN CLARK Oxford, N. C. Mechanic, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born January 18, 1894. Son of James Edward and Lelia C. Clark. Entered service June 15, 1914, at Oxford, N. C. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Killed at battle of Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. HARVEY LEE CURRIN R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company I, 4th Provision Regiment, 156th Depot Brigade. Born April 26, 1896. Son of J. P. and Bettie J. Currin. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C, transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank of Corporal September 5, 1918. Died at Camp Sevier, S. C, October 14, 1918. BENNIE A. EAKES Oxford, N. C. Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born August 30, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Eakes. Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded at battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Died September 30, 1918, at Herbecourt, Somme, France. OTIS B. FOGLEMAN Rock Creek, N. C. Cook, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born January 8, 1894. Son of Gurney and Sarah Jane Fogleman. En- tered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Killed near Bellicourt, France, Sep- tember 29, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 133 ERNEST FLEETWOOD HART Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company B, 2nd Field Battal- ion Supply. Born in Granville County. Son of D. W. Hart. Entered U. S. Regu- lar Army in 1914. Killed at Gordre Court, France, October 1, 1917. l^he first man from Granville county to make the supreme sacrifice. IVAN SIDONIA MAYES Oxford, N. C. Private, Sanitary Company D, 109th Medical Corps, 28th Division. Born De- cember 29, 1894. Son of W. E. Mayes. Entered service July 6, 1918, at Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Went overseas September 1, 1918. Wounded in battle of Argonne Forest, France. Died from wounds Octo- ber 6, 1918, in Hospital Centre, A. P. O,, No. 752. TAZEWELL NORVELL MORTON R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Candidate, Officers' Training School, Langras, France. Born November 16, 1896. Son of Joseph William and Mary T. Morton. Entered service June 1, 1918, at Fort Thomas, Ky. Went overseas Au- gust 10, 1918. Died while at Officers' Ti'aining School, Langras, France, October 26, 1918. THOMAS L. OAKLEY Oxford, N. C. Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born November 23, 1894. Son of A. D. Oakley. Entered service No- vember 15, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Killed near Mazenheim, France, October 12, 1918. 134 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR OBIE BURTON SANDIFER R. F. D. 1, Hester, N. C. Private, Company I, 30th Division. Born June 15, 1895. Son of G. I. and Callie S. Sandifer. Entered service May 30, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 28, 1918. Killed in Argonne Sector by shell explosion October 13, 1918. CHARLIE WOODLIEF R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry^ 81st Division. Born in Granville County, January 15, 1897. Son of Louis and Min- nie Florence Woodley. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 15, 1918. Killed near Bel- lieourt, France, on November 11, 1918, a few minutes before hostilities ceased. EDWARD WINFIELD TAYLOR ■ Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, 137th Replacement Battalion, 6th Division, U. S. Marines. Born June 19, 1893. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Taylor. Entered service December 8, 1917, at Port Royal, S. C, transferred to Quantico, Va. Went overseas March 12, 1918. Killed at battle of Chateau Thierry, France, June 12, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 135 The Local Board of Granville County The term "local board" occupies a unique place in the thought of the Nation and in the hearts of the people. It has acquired a distinct individuality. Long after the selective service machinery will have been dismantled, and the processes of the draft will have faded from memory, the term "local board" will hold its place in our speech as the typical mark of the system that lifted America from the most peaceful of Na- tions to a place of first magnitude among military powers. That mobili- zation of man power was chiefly accomplished, not by military ofllicers, nor even by civilians peculiarly trained for such service, but by laymen from each community, chosen only for their unquestioned patriotism, fair-mindedness, and integrity, and impelled solely by the motive of patriotic self-sacrifice. OFFICE OF THE LOCAL BOARD OF GRANVILLE COUNTY 136 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR TITUS GRANDY CURRIN State Senator R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Member Granville County Local Board CHARLES D. RAY Merchant Oxford, N. C. Secretary Granville County Local Board DR. E. T. WHITE Tobacconist Oxford, N. C. Member Granville County Local Board W. P. STRADLEY Oxford, N. C. Chief Clerk to Granville County Local Board. Associate Legal Advisor. Secre- tary to Board of Legal Advisors. During the month of February, 1919, was on duty at the War and Draft Department of the Adjutant General's office at Raleigh, N. C, as record expert. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 137 THOMAS L. BOOTH, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Examining Physician to Granville County Local Board • SAMUEL H. CANNADY, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Examining Physician to Granville County Local Board N. C. DANIEL, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Examining Physician to Granville County Local Board H-R-16 138 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR GEORGE S. WATKINS, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Examining Physician to Granville County Local Board W. N. THOMAS, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Examining- Physician to Granville County Local Board List of Men Inducted Into Service by Granville County Local Board [White] Adcock, James M. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Adcock, Lex Alexander R 1, Moriah, N. C. Adcock, Nathan L. Moriah, N. C. Adcock, Willie B. Oxford, N. C. Aiken, Lee Oxford, N. C. Allen, Claude Wm. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Allen, Thomas W. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Allen, Vance R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Allgood, Rufus W. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Arrington, Ollie B. Hargrove, N. C. Arrington, Wm. H. Oxford, N. C. Averett, Frank H. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Averett, Otho R 1, Hester, N. C. Bailey, James R 5, Wake Forest, N. C. Ballou, Edward B. Oxford, N. C. Ballou, James W. Oxford, N. C. Beasley, Willie T. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Beck, Elmos Northside, N. C. Black, Isaac R 1, Oxford, N. C. Blackley, Willis Herbert R 1, Franklinton, N. Blalock, Wallace A. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Blanchard, Abram W. Oxford, N. C. Bobbitt, Wm. Norman Hester, N. C. Bowling, Roy Thomas Stem, N. C. Boyd, John Henry R 2, Virgilina, Va. Bradford, Benj. H. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Breedlove, James L. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Brummitt, Nathaniel C. R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Bryan, Henry Blount Oxford, N. C. Buchanan, Dallas M. Oxford, N. C. Bullock, Benj. Garland Creedmoor, N. C. Bullock, Harvey R. Oxford, N. C. Bullock, Hillory M. R 1, Oxford, N. C, Bullock, Jesse James Stem, N. C. Bullock, John Watkins Bullock, N. C. Bullock, Johnnie A. Stem, N. C. Bumpass, Felix H. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Burnett, Zack F. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Cannady, Samuel C. Oxford, N. C. Carey, Russell B. R 1, Nelson, Va. Carrington, Jas. Roland Oxford, N. C. Carroll, Jesse B. Oxford, N. C. Cash, Thurman Oxford, N. C. Chambers, Woody T. Stem, N. C. Champion, James A. R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 139 >V-^ Chandler, Jennie L. Oxford, N. C. Chandler, Rufus E. Virgilina, Va. Chappell, Claudie Meek Creedmoor, N. C. Chappell, Maynard M. Creedmoor, N. C. Chason, Wm. Durham, N. C. Cheatham, Leonard W. R 5, Henderson, N. C. Choplin, Ollie R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Clark, Frank S. Berea, N. C. Clark, Geo. Washington R 5, Oxford, N. C. Clark, Robert T. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Clement, Jesse I. Oxford, N. C. Coley, Sidney L. Northside, N. C. Collins, Russell R 1, Berea, N. C. Cook, Edgar J. R 1, "Berea, N. C. Core, Christopher E. Oxford, N. C. Cottrell, Junius F. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Cottrell, Willie Green R 5, Oxford, N. C. Cox, George L. Stovall, N. C. Cozart, Benj. F. Stem, N. C. Cozart, Eddie B. Stem, N. C. Cozart, Floyd Stem, N. C. Cozart, Frank T. Stem, N. C. Cozart, Robert T. R 1, Stem, N. C. Crews, Wm. Barker R 6, Oxford, N. C. Critcher, E. J. Stovall, N. C. Culbreth, Wm. Bullock, N. C. Culbreth, Wm. Oscar Stovall, N. C. Currin, Benjamin A. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Currin, Harvey L. Stovall, N. C. Currin, Oliver L. Oxford, N. C. Currin, Vivian D. Berea, N. C. Currin, Wade Madison R 2, Virgilina, Va. Cutts, Uriah P. Stovall, N. C. 140 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Daniel, James Ernest R 5, Henderson, N. C. Daniel, Robert G. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Daniel, Roy C. Stem, N. C. Daniel, Wm. Allen R 7, Oxford, N. C. Davis, Charles Roland R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Davis, Crawford W. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Davis, Edward W. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Davis, Irvin Shaw R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Dean, Alfred B. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Dean, Willie L. Oxford, N. C. Dement, Norman B. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Dickerson, Roy Booth Oxford, N. C. Dickerson, Rufus Barnum Wake Forest, N. C. Dillard, Roy E. R 5, Wake Forest, N. C. Duke, Connie H. Oxford, N. C. Duke, Fonnie A. Tar River, N. C. Eakes, Bennie A. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Eakes, Ernest 0. Oxford, N. C. Eastwood, Henry Bullock, N. C. Elexson, John C. R 1, Moriah, N. C. Elliott, Georg-e Green Oxford, N. C. Evans, Ernest W. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Farabow, Henry W. R 3, Stem, N. C. Fitz, John C. L. Bullock, N. C. Fowler, Ira L. Creedmoor, N. C. Fowler, W^illie R 3, Creedmoor, N. C. Fleming, Edward O. R 3, Creedmoor, N. C. Fleming, Frederick Guy Creedmoor, N. C. Floyd, Jarvin S. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Franklin, Edward A. Stem, N. C. Franklin, Wm. Roy R 2, Stem, N. C. Frazier, Arvid D. Stem, N. C. Frazier, J. Early R 1, Oxford, N. C. Floyd, Edward Y. R 1, Hester, N. C. Prazier, Phocian F. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Garrett, Mark Gresham Oxford, N. C. Glasscock, Robert W. R 1, Virgilina, Va. Gooch, Lee C. Oxford, N. C. Goode, Marvin A. Virgilina, Va. Gordon, James O. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Graham, A. W., Jr. Oxford, N. C. Greenway, Reuben S. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Hardee, Erastus B. Stem, N. C. Hardee, Parrott B. Stem, N. C. Harris, Eugene 0. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Harris, Harvey R. R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Harris, Richard W. Oxford, N. C. Hart, A. T. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Hart, Roy C. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Harte, Nelson N. Oxford, N. C. Haswell, Gratis R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Hester, Benj. F. Hester, N. C. Hight, Robert Benton R 5, Oxford, N. C. Hobgood, E. B. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Hobgood, James G. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Hobgood, Joshua R 1, Oxford, N. C. Hobgood, Samuel R 6, Oxford, N. C. Hobgood, Thomas G. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Hockaday, Sidney M. R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Howard, Ernest B. Oxford, N. C. Howell, Buck Duke R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Howell, McKinley Reed R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Hunt, George P. Oxford, N. C. Hunt, Mark H. R 2, Hester, N. C. Icord, Frank Berea, N. C. Jackson, Harvey Oxford, N. C. Jenkins, Roy G. Franklinton, N. C. Jones, Jubal 0. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Jones, Stephen Henry, Jr. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Jones, Willie Thomas R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. King, 0. M. Stem, N. C. Knight, Herbert J. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Knott, Samuel L. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Knott, Thomas J. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Landis, Hamlin Oxford, N. C. Landis, Mark A. Oxford, N. C. Lassiter, Joe Davis Oxford, N. C. Latta, Dawson Finley R 1, Oxford, N. C. Latta, E. A. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Latta, Lonnie M. Creedmoor, N. C. Lawrence, Corrie R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Lawrence, Gresham T. R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Lawrence, Macon W. R 2, Creedmoor, N. G. Lloyd, Hughie V. Creedmoor, N. C. Lloyd, Oscar Lee R 4, Oxford, N. C. Lloyd, Thomas C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Longmire, A. L. R 2, Franklinton, N. C. Lumpkin, Kenneth Talmage Oxford, N. C. Lyon, Ben R. Northside, N. C. Lyon, Herman T. Lyons, N. C. Lyon, Wiley L. Northside, N. C. Mangum, O. T. Stem, N. C. • Matthews, George L. Bullock, N. C. Matthews, Thomas Bullock, N. C. May, Zollie T. R 2, Youngsville, N. C. Mayes, Benona P. Oxford, N. C. Meadows, Author G. R 1, Moriah, N. C. Meadows, Coi'bitt L. Moriah, N. C. Mitchell, Henry H. R 1, Franklinton, N, C. Mitchell, J. W. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Mitchell, Ollie B. Oxford, N. C. Moore, Luther Berea, N. C. Moore, Marvin F. Stem, N. C. Morgan, Charles H. R 1, Nelson, Va. Morgan, James B. Oxford, N. C. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 141 Morgan, Robei't Lee R 1, Nelson, Va. Morris, Fred R. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Morton, James Stovall, N. C. Morton, Nathaniel V. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Moss, Carl Haywood R 2, Oxford, N. C. Moss, Wm. Henry R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Moss, Herbert Samuel Creedmoor, N. C. Moss, John P. Creedmoor, N. C. Moss, Thomas E. Creedmoor, N. C. Nance, Pender Creedmoor, N. C. Nelson, Avis Allen R 2, Virgilina, Va. Nevils, Ollie M. Northside, N. C. Noblin, Roy L. R 1, Nelson, Va. Norwood, L. T. Bullock, N. C. Oakley, Samuel E. Moriah, N. C. Oakley, Titue R 6, Oxford, N. C. O'Brien, Carlton Patrick R 5, Oxford, N. C. O'Brien, Rufus Carroll Stovall, N. C. Overton, Athie L. Hester, N. C. Owen, Robert Stovall, N. C. Parham, Lewis D. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Parham, Raymond W. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Parham, Samuel S. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Parish, Fred F. Stem, N. C. Parrott, Frank E. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Peace, George G. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Pearce, Janadius H. R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Peed, Fred L. Oxford, N. C. Peed, Hugh F. Oxford, N. C. Peed, Jock John Creedmoor, N. C. Perry, James Elmore R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Pinnix, Marshall K. Oxford, N. C. Pittard, James J. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Pittard, John B. Bullock, N. C. Pittard, Raleigh C. R 1, Nelson, Va. Pleasant, Jesse L. R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Pleasant, Sam J. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Preddy, Jesse K. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Preddy, Roy R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Puckett, Hallie M. Oxford, N. C. Robards, Earl C. Oxford, N. C. Roberts, Victor C. Stem, N. C. Roycroft, Augustus G. Northside, N. C. Sandifer, Obie Burton R 1, Hester, N. C. Sanford, Robert G. R 1, Stem, N. C. Sherman, Gattis L. R 1, Berea, N. C. Sherman, Herman T. R 1, Berea, N. C. Sherman, Tenny Allen R 2, Oxford, N. C. Sherron, Emmitt B. R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Sizemore, John L. R 3, Clarksville, Va. Slaughter, Clifton Oxford, N. C. Slaugiiter, Edward R. Berea, N. C. Slaughter, John Stovall, N. C. Strickland, Charles B. Oxford, N. C. Strother, Bertram T. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Stroud, Luther P. R 1, Hester, N. C. Taylor, Casey B. Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Eurn F. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Joseph W. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Robert K. Oxford, N. C. Thaxton, James Thomas Tar River, N. C. Thomas, Frank O. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Thomas, Geoi'ge N. Oxford, N, C. Thomas, Lawrence R 2, Stem, N. C. Thomas, Roy Benj. Oxford, N. C. Thomas, Walter H. R 2, Stem, N. C. Thomasson, Hunter M. Stem, N. C. Thomasson, James M. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Tillery, Geo. L. Wilmington, N. C. Tillotson, Charles Morton R 7, Oxford, N. C. Tingen, Robert L. R 1, Stovall, N. C. Tola, Gioacchio Oxford, N. C. Turner, Nathan C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Umstead, Luther W. R 1, Stem, N. C. Umstead, Roy S. Stem, N. C. Vaughan, Luther M, R 1, Nelson, Va. Vaughan, Roy C. Bullock, N. C. Veasey, Alexander H. Creedmoor, N. C. Veasey, Coleman B. R 3, Creedmoor, N. C. Wadford, A. D. Stem, N. C. Wagstaff, Alton S. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Walker, Roy J. Stem, N. C. Walker, Willis R. Creedmoor, N. C. Walters, Sidney J. Oxford, N. C. Webb, William D. Oxford, N. C. West, Tenny B. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Wheeler, Kelly B. East Durham, N. C. Whitaker, L. E. Stem, N. C. Wilkins, Elvin Stem, N. C. Wilkins, Fred C. Stem, N. C. Wilkins, James A. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Wilkinson, Frank Berea, N. C. Williams, Alexander R 2, Oxford, N. C. Williford, Lewis H. R 1, Moriah, N. C. Williams, Taylor Northside, N. C. Williams, Thomas B. Oxford, N. C. Wilson, Graham J. W. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Wilson, Guy Hendricks Sumter, S. C. Winters, Wm. E. Stem, N. C. Wood, John Meadows Oxford, N. C. Woodlief, Charlie R 6, Oxford, N. C. Wright, Geo. L. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Yancey, James T. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Yancey, Robert Alvis R' 2, Virgilina, Va. Yow, L. F. Oxford. N. C. 142 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 143 Pershing's Men Did the Work But the Navy Put 'Em There ^ The importance of the United States Navy in the war can hardly be exagger- ated. Within less than a month after hos- tilities were declared, she had sent a de- tachment of destroyers to European wa- ters. By October, 1918, there were 338 ships of all classes flying the American flag in foreign waters. The operations of the Navy during the war covered the widest scope in its history. They operated in Eu- ropean waters from the Mediterranean to the White Sea. At Corfu, Gibraltar, in the Bay of Biscay, on the Irish Coast, at the English Channel ports, in the North Sea and at Archangel, they did creditable work. This service was not as brilliant perhaps as that of the army, because the nature of its vital work kept it from the front. Even though its activities were probably less glorious, still they were none the less important and necessary to the cause. Naval men served on nearly 2,000 craft that plied the waters of the globe, on sub- marines that had no fear of the under-sea perils, and in aviation where men of cour- age fought and prevented surprise attacks with new-found weapons. In diplomacy, in investigation at home and in all parts of the world by naval of^- cers and civilian agents, in protecting in- dustry from enemy spies, in promoting new industries and enlarging older ones to meet war-time needs — these are a few of the accomplishraents that are outstanding in the part played by the Navy in winning the war. Shortly after the declaration of war, the submarine problem had become so acute and the merchant ship losses so great, it became necessary to adopt more effective methods in dealing with the problem and making shipping safer. The system of convoy was adopted at the suggestion of President Wilson. This, though slowing down shipping by fully twenty per cent., enabled a comparatively safe passage of troops and was probably the greatest stroke of the Navy during the war. During all the time the United States was engaged in the war the enemy's naval forces, with the exception of the subma- rines, were blockaded in his ports. This, of course, prevented naval engagements of a major character. The destroyers, sub- marine chasers and patrol vessels, how- ever, waged an unceasing offensive against the submarine menace to shipping and troop convoy, and only three vesesls were sunk. These were the Antilles, the Presi- dent Lincoln and the Covington. Each was struck on her return voyage, so that the loss of life was comparatively small. Only three fighting vessels were lost as the re- sult of enemy action — a patrol ship, a tor- pedo boat destroyer and a cruiser. The other transports and destroyers struck by the enemy during the war reached port without loss of life. Other transports car- rying United States soldiers went down, but these were being convoyed by the Brit- ish Admiralty. Chief among these was the Tuscania, sunk off the Coast of Ireland February 6, 1918, with a loss of 212 lives. The most serious loss of life in the navy as a result of its war-time activity result- ed when 111 officers and men of the Coast Guard cutter Tampa perished when their vessel was sunk in Bristol Channel, Eng- land, in September, 1918. The Tampa had been doing escort duty in the transport service. It had gone ahead of the convoy and was sunk, soon after leaving the other vessels. With its record of phenomenal transport service in protecting troops and shipping against the enemy submarine offensive; its splendid co-operation with the British I 144 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR fleet in keeping the German navy in port and Germany herself blockaded; its stellar work with the giant 14-inch long range guns at the front ; and its subsequent spec- tacular feat in first bridging the Atlantic by air, the United States Navy had a share in the World War as brilliant as that of the Army, and was equally important and es- sential in keeping the war wheels turning victoriously. The German army was not better pre- pared for instant action on land than was the British navy for war at sea. While its greatest work throughout the war consist- ed in keeping open the sea routes for the transport of troops and commerce, it con- tinually challenged the powerful fleet of Germany to come out and fight. The first of these challenges was on August 28th. A British submarine came to the surface off Helgoland, pretending to be in trouble, in the hope of decoying the German ves- sels from the bay. A swarm of German light cruisers and destroyers rushed out, whereupon a British squadron, just out of sight below the horizon, dashed up and in the ensuing fight three German light cruis- ers and eight destroyers were sunk or badly crippled with small loss to the Brit- ish. The Germans had their revenge on Sep- tember 22d, when the British cruisers Ahoukir, Cressy and Hogue were caught unguarded off the coast of Holland and sunk by the submarine U-9, with the loss of their crews. Several German cruisers were on sta- tions in remote seas. The Karlsruhe was off the Atlantic coast of the United States. After being hunted for some weeks, she mysteriously disappeared, supposedly by an internal explosion. The Koenigsherg, after one successful action with a lighter British vessel at Zanzibar, was chased up the Rufiji River in German East Africa, where she was later destroyed. The Em- den had a brilliant career of three months in the Indian Ocean as a commerce destroy- er and actually raided the harbors of Mad- ras and Rangoon, but was, finally, destroy- ed on November 9th by the Australian cruis- er Sydney off Cocos island. The largest detached German squadron, however, was in the Pacific. Starting out from Tsing-tao at the beginning of the war, the armored cruisers Gneiseyiau and Scharnhorst were soon joined by the light cruisers Nurnhurg, Leipsic and Dresden and crossed the Pacific without molestation. Off Coronel, Chili, on Novem- ber 1st, the Germans encountered the Brit- ish armored cruisers Monmouth and Good Hope and the light cruiser Glas- gow. The British guns were outranged and both the Monmouth and the Good Hope were sunk with all hands. The British hastily dispatched a large fleet of superior vessels and on December 8th they met the Germans again off the Falkland Islands and destroyed the entire squadron. The battle cruiser Goeheyi and the light cruiser Breslau were at Naples. Forced to leave by Italy's declaration of neutrality, they eluded the British squad- ron, which was watching for them, and reached Constantinople. There they were nominally transferred to the Turks, though they remained under German command. As a matter of fact, the Germans had prob- ably long since reached an understanding" with the Germanized leaders of the young Turk party that Turkey was to join them in the war. It caused small surprise, there- fore, when the recent German cruisers in late October raided Russian shipping at Odessa. The Russian ambassador at once asked for his passports and on November 5th Great Britain and the other Allies de- clared war on Turkey. The second naval battle in the North Sea occurred on January 24th. Two or three times during the fall of 1914, German cruisers appeared off the British coast, dropped a few shells on unimportant places and fled back to their base before they could be overhauled. One such raid on Scarborough in December aroused particu- lar indignation among the British. On GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 145 January 24th a raiding squadron of this ' character, consisting of four battle cruis- ers, was overtaken off Dogger Bank. One German ship, the Bluecher, was sunk, and the other three were damaged. The British had little trouble from such raids thereafter. The special purpose of the Germans in dragging the Turks into the war was to cut the Suez Canal and invade Egypt. The British declared Egypt independent of Turkey. An ambitious cam.paign in No- vember brought a column of some thous- ands of Turks straggling across the desert. They were easily repulsed. With the hope of taking Constantinople and crushing the Turks at once, a squadron of British and French ships on February 19th shelled the forts guarding the entrance to the Dardanelles. The attack was re- peated on the 25th, and had the ships been accompanied by an adequate landing force, the forts might have been taken. The Turks had very few guns and were almost without ammunition. The Germans rushed supplies to them, however, and when, on March 18th, the Allied fleet delivered what was intended to be the final blow, the Turks sent floating mines down the channel, sink- ing three battleships and badly damaging two others. It was then recognized that the straits could not be forced by naval at- tack alone and an expedition of 130,000 men under General Sir Ian Hamilton was orga- nized at Alexandria. It arrived late in April and a landing was made after hard fighting on the point of the peninsula on April 25th. A series of hard battles was fought during May and early June, but the Turks could not be dislodged. The Ger- mans sent submarines into the Mediterra- nean and the British lost three more bat- tleships from this cause. British subma- rines two or three times ran the straits and raided shipping in the Sea of Marmora and the port of Constantinople itself — an enter- prise, which, if tried in the first attack, might have demoralized the Turks and gained the victory. On August 10th an- other desperate assault was made by Aus- tralian and Indian troops. It failed and after hanging on for the remainder of the summer, the army was withdrawn in De- cember and the following January. An attack by a British naval force on Tanga, a port of German East Africa, on November 3-5, 1914, however, met dis- aster. The events of 1915, which had most in- fluence on the outcome of the war, though not in the way which the Germans expected, were the operations of submarines. On February 4th, the German government de- clared all the waters around the British Isles a war zone and gave notice that neu- tral as well as enemy shipping was liable to be sunk. This aroused the United States. The President immediately notified Ger- many that she would be held to "strict ac- countability." The seriousness of the submarine threat soon became apparent when the British steamer Falaba was sunk on March 28th in Saint George's Channel, drowning 111 of the passengers and crew, including one American. Soon afterward the American steamer Cushmg was attacked and dam- aged by a German airplane in the North Sea and a little later the Gidflight was torpedoed off the Sicily islands. The climax came on May 7th, however,, when the great passenger liner Lusitania was torpedoed off the south coast of Ire- land with a loss of 1,154 men, women and children, of whom 114 were Americans. Indignation blazed to a white heat. It was thought that the United States would de- clare war at once. The President called on Germany to disavow the act, adding that the United States would not "omit any word or any act necessary to the performance of its sacred duty" of maintaining the rights of its citizens. The Germans, however, made a conciliatory answer, and although the steamer Nebraska was soon after- ward torpedoed, but not sunk, the incident was allowed to dwindle into a series of in- conclusive diplomatic notes, only to flame 146 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR up again when, on August 19th, the liner Arabic was sunk off Ireland with a loss of 44 passengers and crew, including two Americans. More notes followed, culminating on Oc- tober 5th in a disavowel by the German gov- ernment of the act of the submarine com- mander, an offer to pay indemnity and a promise that no similar incident would oc- cur again. Little more than a month afterward, the Arabic tragedy was repeated in the Medi- terranean when the Italian liner Ancona was sunk with a loss of more than 200 lives, including nine Americans. The responsi- bility for this act, however, was assumed by the Austrian government, which, after another series of notes, duplicated the Ger- man promise and then broke it on Decem- ber 30th by sinking the liner Persia with a loss of 392 lives, including an American consul. Public indignation was further aroused by the discovery of indisputable evidence that, while this controversy was going on, plots to foment strikes, destroy munition plants and commit other acts against the peace of the United States were being di- rected from the German and Austrian em- bassies. The recall of the Austrian ambas- sador, Dr. Dumba, was demanded in Sep- tember, and the German military and nav- al attaches. Captain von Papen and Cap- tain Boy-Ed, were similarly sent home in December. Nevertheless, the government accepted the German word, and the country was kept out of war for the time being, even re- fraining from beginning any active prepa- ration. The Lusitania sinking, how- ever, had turned against the Teutonic powers a greater force than cannon or arm- ed battalions. It had aroused the con- science of civilization. Their every word and act thereafter was faced by the silent, accusing fingers of drowned children. Doubtless the German belief that Verdun would force the French and British to ac- cept peace inspired the determination to resume frightfulness at sea. On March 24th the Channel steamer Sussex was torpedoed without warning. There were 25 Americans on board, and, though the ship did not sink and all passengers were saved, this was so direct a violation of the promise given to the United States in the preceding October that it rekindled the American war fever, especially when it was followed by the sinking of several freight- ers by which American seamen were lost or endangered. President Wilson threatened to sever diplomatic relations unless the German government should at once aban- don these methods of warfare, but by the time Germany was ready to reply the Ver- dun enterprise had ceased to look encour- aging, and Germany once more promised to observe the principles of visit and search and not to sink ships "without warning and without saving lives." Again the United States kept out of war for the mo- ment by accepting the German word. It was not merely on land, however, but also at sea, that Germany undertook to force a conclusion in the spring of 1916. In the afternoon of May 31st a squadron of six British cruisers under Vice Admiral Beatty sighted German ships on the hori- zon. Sending word to Admiral Jellicoe, who was 50 miles astern with the main fleet, Beatty rushed forward and soon found himself confronting the entire German high seas fleet of 20 armorclads and more than 100 light cruisers, destroyers and subma- rines. Only the Fifth British battle squad- ron of four dreadnoughts under Read Ad- miral Evan-Thomas got up in time to give Beatty much assistance. Darkness and the danger of mines enabled the Germans to draw off. The British lost three battle cruisers, including the 27,000-ton dread- naught Queen Mary, three armored cruis- ers and three destroyers. The Germans admitted the loss of one battleship, the 28,000-ton battle cruiser Luetzow, four light cruisers and five destroyers. While in tonnage and lives the British loss was the greater, the actual damage to the Ger- I GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 147 man fleet and its morale was evidently much more severe than vv^as acknov^ledged. In its results this battle was certainly de- cisive in favor of British sea power, for the German fleet never again emerged into the North Sea until it came out to surrender. A brilliant naval raid by the British on the 23d, which blocked the harbor of Zee- brugge and partially blocked Ostend, and a similar enterprise by the Italians on May 16th, by which an Austrian battleship was sunk in the harbor of Pola, demonstrated that the Allies were still masters of the sea, at least. 148 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR LEE AVERETT R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Company Commander, Company No. 1, Naval Operating Base, Norfolk, Va. Born December 15, 1896. Son of Jerome L. and Lorena Averett. Entered service July 5, 1918, at U. S. Naval Operating Base, Norfolk, Va. Served at U. S. Naval Base. Promoted to Commander January 5, 1919. Released from active duty February 15, 1919. JAMES LYNCH BOOTH Oxford, N. C. Ensign, U. S. S. Arizona, U. S. N. R. F. Born February 28, 1894. Son of Thomas L. and Alma H. Booth. Entered service April 5, 1917, at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Overseas on convoy duty. Released from active service March 12, 1919. FRANCIS STEDMAN BRADSHER Oxford, N. C. Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. George Wash- ington, U. S. Regular Navy. Born July 10, 1900. Son of James S. and Sallie T. Brad&'her. Entered service April 1, 1917, at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Overseas one year on transport duty. JAMES SIDNEY BRADSHER, JR. Oxford, N. C. Hospital Apprentice, Great Lakes Naval Hospital, U. S. N. R. F. Born April 22, 1897. Son of James S. and Sallie T. Brad- sher. Entered service June 1, 1918, at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 149 WILLIAM DREW BRYAN, JR. Oxford, N. C. Petty Officer, 3rd class, U. S. N. R. F. Born in Granville County. Son of Mr. and Mrs. William D. Bryan, Sr. Entered service May 30, 1918, at U. S. Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Saw sei'vice on U. S. S. Pennsylvania, also U. S. S. Maine as Radio Operator. Released from active duty July 1, 1919. JAMES DUDLEY BULLOCK Oxford, N. C. Yeoman, 3rd class, U. S. N. R. F., Nav- al Operating Base, Norfolk, Va. Born March 21, 1899. Son of James Dudley and Annie B. Bullock. Entered service May 29, 1918, at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Promoted to yoeman, 3rd class, April 15, 1919. Released from active duty July 28, 1919. ASHBOURNE DOUGLAS CAPEHART Oxford, N. C. First-Class Electrician on U. S. S. Black Haivk. Born September 9, 1893. Son of Armistead L. and Lillian W. B. Capehart. Entered service May, 1917, at Richmond, Va. Promoted to rank of first-class elec- trician July 1, 1919. Overseas one year and two months. One year in training at the Electrical School in Brooklyn and in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Eight months off the east coast of Scotland. Was with the fleet at Scapa Flow and with tQie mine sweepers on the North Sea for about six months. HENRY GEORGE COOPER, JR. Oxford, N. C. Lieutenant Commander, U. S. Regular Navy. Born November 25, 1888. Son of Henry George Cooper, Sr. Entered ser- vice May 5, 1905. Promoted to Lieuten- ant Commander July 15, 1918. At sea continuously during the war. 150 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR CARLYLE CLARENCE CREWS Hester, N. C. Seaman, 2nd class, U. S. N. R. F. Born November 3, 1896. Son of E. R. Crews. Entered service June 4, 1918, at U. S. Re- ctiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Released from active duty June 9, 1919. EDWARD ABBOTT DANIEL Stovall, N. C. First Class Fireman, age 20. Born in Granville County. Volunteered from Charleston, W. Va., in U. S. N. R. F. May 23, 1918. Went into training at Hampton Roads, Va. Drafted on U. S. L^. Alabama. Served six vi^eeks. Transferred to U. S. S. Elinor. Made two trips to France, was then transferred to transport Orizaba to bring troops from France and made five trips in this service. Released September 11, 1919. EUGENE THOMAS CREWS Oxford, N. C. Son of Eugene Thomas Crews and Em- ma Greenwood Lunsford. Born July 10, 1885. Enlisted in the Marine Corps in June, 1918. Received training at Paris Island. Honorably discharged March 1, 1919. WILLIAM PRESSLEY DAVIS Stovall, N. C. First-Class Machinist Mate, Civil En- gineer Duties, U. S. N. R. F. Born July 6, 1895. Son of Camilla Webb Davis. En- tered service June 28, 1918, at U. S. Na- val Training Station, Hampton Roads, Va, Served on U. S. S. Maggie; U. S. S. Dela- irare; Public Works Office, 5th Naval Dis- trict Headquarters, Hampton Roads, Va. ; Naval Air Station, Morehead City, N. C. Released from active duty July 9, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 151 CHESTER CARL ELLINGTON Oxford, N. C. Second-Class Seaman. Born May 1, 1897. Son of J. M. Ellington. Entered service May 28, 1918. Overseas two trips. Served on U. S. S. Wieldricht. Released from active duty January 12, 1919. EDWIN THOMAS FULLER Oxford, N. C. Seaman, 2nd class, U. S. N. R. F. On U. S. S. Wyoming. Born September 26, 1896. Son of Lucius and Hennis Fuller. Entei'ed service August 11, 1918, at Naval Operat- ing Base, Norfolk, Va. Went overseas in October, 1918. Released from active duty February 5, 1919. JOHN MOREHEAD EMMETT Oxford, N. C. Liuetenant, Senior Grade, U. S. S. N. R. F. Born June 17, 1893. Son of Dr. J. M. M. and Mrs. Candace Emmett-Brown. Entered service August, 1917, at Quanti- co, Va. Went overseas October 8, 1918. Stationed at Base Hospital No. 5, Brest, France. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. CLYDE EARL GOOCH Oxford, N. C. Yeoman, 3rd class, Wii-eless Station, U. S. Naval Operating Base, Hampton Roads, Va. Born June 12, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. D. J. Gooch. Entered service May 17, 1918, at Raleigh, N. C. Stationed at Hampton Roads, 5th Naval District. Re- leased from active duty Junuary 2, 1919. 152 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR KOIU'^RT DAVIS llAinJlS Oxrord, N. ('. Scanian, 2ii(i ohiss, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Basis Norfolk. V:i. Horn April 15, lSi)(). Son of Thomns !,. ■•ind l,;iviiiri Harris, Entcroil sfrvirc July 1. I'.MS, ;it iiccoivinp; Ship, Norfolk, V;i. K'cU'.-iscd from ;ictivo duty January 15. ID 11). ARTlll'U LANDIS Oxford, N. ('. Lioutonant, Sonior (Jrado, U. S. Regu- lar Navy. Born Oofcinhor S, 1SS)2. Son of Aujiustus Landis. lOntorcd service July S. 11)11 at 11. S. Naval Ac-adomy, An- napolis. Md. Promoted to Lieutenant, Senior (irade. Oetober 1,5, 1917. Over- seas fi)urteon months. Served on Pasforcs Transport, Maiiraiif Destroyer and Crav- oi Destroyer. Received letter of eonimen- dation for desi.un of Depth Charge Re- lea sing Device. ROYAM, DYKR HOWARD Oxfoi'd. N. ('. Ser,ue;in(, Company (!, 11th Marines. Horn OcloIuM- 1, ISSC). Son of Faigene K. ••md I'lmily A. Howard. I'Jilcred service May 5, I'JIT, at lMiiladelphi;i. Pa. Went overseas October 20, 191 S. JOHN R. KNOTT R. F. D. 2, Oxford, N. C. Seaman, U. S. S. Goveruor Dwgky, U. S. S. Gorcnior Cobh. Horn October 27, 1S97. Son of S. W. and Hetty F. Knott, Fntered service November 27. 191 S. Re- ceived training on U. S. S. Mvadc, Boston, Mass. Honorably discharged February 25, 1919. ('. It A N V 1 L L P: county IN THE W O R L D W A R 153 I JESSIL I SHAM NEWTON I'oioa, N. (^ Ent.'-inccr, 2rifi class. Born I"'chiuary IG, IXJM). Son of Mrs. Elizabeth H. Newton. Kntcr(!(l H(?rvico January 2H, 1918, at Re- ceiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. I'romoted to rank of Enf^inccr, 2n(l class, .June 1, 1918. Overseas nine; months. Saw service on U. S. S. KfatHiiijc, U. S. S. fjaiidnddlc and I)estroyer No. 101. R<;leas(!f| i'rom active rluty August 27, 1919. EM MITT LEE PARKER Oxford, N. C. Chief Yeoman, U. S. N. R. F. Born October 14, 1894. Son of William F. and Laura F. Paiker. p]ntered service June r,, 1917, at ReceivinK Ship, Norfolk, Va. Went overseas November '>(), 1917. Sta- tioned at Brest, P^'rance. HARRY JACKSON RENN Oxford, N. C. Stu —Battle of Festubert. —Italy declares war on Austria. — Germans retake Przemysl. — Second American note on subma- rine sinkings. — German victory at Rawaruska. Austrians retake Lemberg. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 157 June 28 — United States protests sinking of the Friie. July 2-4 — Battle of Krasnik. July 9 — German southwest Africa surren- dered to Anglo-Boer force. July 14 — German offensive in North Po- land. July 23 — Third American note on subma- rines. Aug. 4 — Russians evacuate Warsaw. Aug. 10 — Allied attack in Gallipoli fails. Aug. 15 — American reply to Austria-Hun- gary protest on arms traffic. Aug. 18 — Germans take Kovno. Aug. 19 — Arabic torpedoed, with a loss of 44 lives. Aug. 19 — Germans take Novogeorgievsk. Aug. 21 — Italy declares war on Turkey. Aug. 26 — Germans take Byalystok and Brest-Litovsk. Sept. 1 — Austrians take Lutsk. Sept. 2 — Germans take Grodno. Sept. 8 — Grand Duke Nicholas removed from command of Russia armies. Sept. 9 — American note on Arabic sink- ing. Sept. 9 — United States demands recall of Austrian Ambassador Dumba. Sept. 9 — Russian success on Sereth River. Sept. 9 — Austrians take Dubno. Sept. 18 — Germans take Vilna. Sept. 22 — Bulgaria orders n^obilization. Sept. 25 — Battle of Loos. Sept. 25 — Battle of Champagne. Oct. 3 — Russian ultimatum to Bulgaria. Oct. 5 — German reply in Arabic case concedes American points. Oct. 6 — German - Austrian offensive against Serbia ; Danube crossed. Oct. 8 — Belgrade taken. Oct. 12 — Bulgarians invade Serbia. Oct. 13 — Execution of Edith Cavell. Oct. 14 — Bulgaria declares war on Serbia. Oct. 15 — Britain declares war on Bulgaria. Oct. 22 — Greece refuses offer of Great Britain to cede Cyprus. Oct. 24 — Bulgarians take Uskup. as premier of Oct 28 — Viviani resigns France. Oct. 29 — Italian attack on the Isonzo. Nov. 5 — Bulgarians take Nish. Nov. 9 — Italian liner Ancona torpedoed, with a loss of more than 200 lives. Nov. 22-24— Battle of Ctespihon, Mesopota- mia. Nov. 30 — Second Italian attack on the Isonzo. Dec. 3 — United States demands recall of Boy-Ed and Von Papen. Dec. 3-12 — Anglo-French troops defeated on Vardar. Dec. 5 — Bulgarians take Monastir. Dec. 6 — British retreat to Kut-el-Amara. Dec. 11 — United States protests Ancona sinking. Dec. 15 — Sir Douglas Haig succeeds Sir John French in command of British forces. Dec. 20 — British withdraw from Gallipoli. Dec. 21-22 — French take Hartmans-Weil- erkopf. Dec. 27 — British defeat Arab revolt in West Egypt. Dec. 30 — Liner Persia sunk, with a loss of 392 lives, including an American Consul. 1916 — Austrians take Cettinje, Monte- negro. ■Russians begin drive in Caucas- us, — King Nicholas of Montenegro flees. -Russians take Erzeroum. — Allied conquest of Cameroons. -German offensive at Verdun b3- gun. — Germans take Fort Douaumont. — Von Tirpitz retires as head of German navy. — Steamer Sussex torpedoed. No lives lost. — Britsih naval air raid on Jut- land. " Jan. 13- Jan. 16- Jan. 19- Feb. 16- Feb. 18- Feb. 20- Feb. 26- Mar. 15- Mar, .24 Mar. 26- 158 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Apr. Apr. Apr. May May Mar, 31 — Russian hospital ship Portugal sunk. 18 — Russians take Trebizond. 19 — President Wilson's note regard- ing the torpedoing of the Sussex. 21 — Arrest of Sir Roger Casement. Apr. 24 — Irish rebellion. Apr. 28 — General Townshend surrenders British force at Kut-el-Amara. 1 — Dublin rebels surrender. 5 — Germany promises to stop sink- ing without warning. May^ 15 — Austrian drive in Trentino be- gun. May 23 — British Commons adopt con- scription. May 27 — Austrians take Asiago. May 31— Naval battle off Jutland. Brit- ish lose the dreadnaught Queen Mary and three armored cruis- ers. The German loss was the battle cruiser Luetzoiv, four light cruisers and five destroyers. June 1-7 — German drive on Douaumont- Vaux. June 2-16— Third battle of Ypres. June 4-Aug. 15 — Russian offensive Pripet to Roumania. 6 — Lord Kitchener drowned by sinking of cruiser Hampshire. 6 — Russians take Lutsk. 7 — Germans take Fort Vaux. June 10 — Russians take Dubno. June 13 — Shereef of Mecca revolts from Turkey. June 17 — Russians take Czernowitz. June 25 — Russians complete conquest of Bukowina. July 1— First battle of the Somme be- gun. July 9 — German merchant submarine Deutschland arrives at Baltimore. July 11 — British take Contalmaison. July 26 — Russians take Erzingam. Aug. 4 — Roger Casement executed. Aug. 4— French retake Fleury and Thiau- mont. Aug. 9— Italians take Gorizia. June June June Aug. 11 — Italians take Carso plateau. Aug. 18 — Bulgarians enter North Greece. Aug. 27 — Italy declares war on Germany. Aug. 27 — Bulgarians enter Greek Mace- donia. Aug. 28 — Roumania declares war on Aus- tria. Aug. 29 — Hindenburg becomes German chief of staff. Aug. 30 — Roumanians take Kronstadt. Sept. 2 — Roumanians take Hermanstadt. Sept. 2-8 — Bulgarians defeat Rouman- ians in Dodrudja. Sept. 6 — Russian victory near Halicz. Sept. 15 — First use of British tanks. Sept. 19-23 — Roumanians defeated at Vul- can Pass. Sept. 26 — British take Combles and Thie- pval. Oct. 7 — German submarine U-5^ enters Newport. Oct. 8 — U-5S sinks six ships off Massa- chusetts coast. Oct. 11-13 — Italian advance on the Carso. Oct. 17 — Allies take over Greek fleet and land forces. Oct. 23 — Roumanians lose Canstansa. Oct. 24 — French retake Fort Douaumont. Nov. 1 — Merchant submarine Deutschland arrives at New London. Nov. 15-17 — Roumanians defeated in bat- tle of Tirgu-Juil. Nov. 19 — Serbians take Monastir. Nov. 21 — Emperor Francis Joseph dies; Carl succeeds. Nov. 25 — French retake Fort Vaux. Nov. 29— Sir David Beatty succeeds Sir John Jellicoe in command of British fleet. Dec. 2 — Entente troops move on Athens. Dec. 3 — Roumanians beaten in battle of Argechu. Dec. 5 — Asquith resigns as premier of Britain. Dec. 6 — Teutonic alhes take Bucharest. Dec. 10 — Lloyd George forms ministry. Dec. 11 — Nivelle succeeds Joffre in com- mand of French. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 159 Dec. .Jan. Jan. [Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. > Feb. f Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 15 — Brilliant French victory north of Apr. Verdun, 1917 Apr. 11 — Entente replies to President Wil- Apr. son on aims. 11 — British take Rafa, Sinai Renin- Apr. sula. Apr. 31 — Germany announces resumption of submarine ruthlessness after Apr. February 1st. Apr. 3 — President Wilson announces se- Apr. verance of diplomatic relations Apr. with Germany. 3-5 — British advance on the Ancre. Apr. 7 — Califoriiia torpedoed. May 24 — German withdrawal on Somme May detected. 24 — British take Sanna-y-Yat. May 25 — Laconia sunk. May 25 — British take Kut-el-Amara. 26 — President Wilson asks Congress May for authority to arm merchant May ships. 28 — Zimmerman's Mexican plot ex- May posed. 9 — President Wilson orders arming June of merchant ships. 9-11 — Revolutionary riots in Petro- June grad. June 11 — British take Bagdad. 15 — Czar Nicholas abdicates ; repub- June lie organized, Lvoff premier. 17 — British take Bapaume and Chaul- June nes ; French Roye and Lassigny. June 17 — Briand cabinet resigns. 18 — Peronne and Nesle taken. June 19 — French take Chauny and Ham. 24 — French before LeFere. June 31 — British before Hindenburg line. 1 — French take Vauxaillon. June 2 — American armed steamer Aztec July torpedoed, 11 drowned. 2 — President Wilson asks Congress July to declare war. July 4 — Senate passes war resolution. 4 — Germans defeat Russians on the July Stokhod. July 6 — President Wilson proclaims war. July 7 — Cuba declares war. 9 — Austria-Hungary severs diplo- matic relations with U. S. 9 — British take Vimy ridge. 10 — Brazil severs diplomatic rela- tions with Germany. 14 — British take Lievin. 14-17 — Congress passes $7,0000,000,- 000 war bond bill, 16 — Nivelle's offensive begun. 18 — French take Vailly. 19 — French take Fort de Conde. 22 — Hospital ships Lafrancs and Donegal torpedoed. 28 — Congress passes conscription bill. 4 — French take Craonne. 4 — First squadron United States navy reaches England. 5 — French take Chemin des Dames. 7 — Greek Venizelist troops first go into action beside Allies. 12-13 — Italian offensive on the Isonzo. 14 — President Wilson calls for forty- four new regiments of regulars. 29 — Hospital ship Dover Castle tor- pedoed. 5 — First conscription registration day in United States. 7 — British take Messines ridge. 9 — President's note to Russia on war aims. 12 — King Constantine of Greece ab- dicates. 12 — Congress passes espionage act. 13 — General Pershing Arrives in France. 13 — Root commission reaches Petro- grad. 26-27— First United States contin- gent lands in France. 28 — Brazil revokes neutrality. 1 — Russians begin offensive in Ga- licia. 2 — Greece declares war. 9 — Mobilization of national guard ordered. 8-10 — Russians win battle of Dolina. 11 — British reverse on Yser. 14-21^-Congress passes $640,000,- 000 aviation bill. r 160 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR July 19 — German counter offensive breaks Oct. Russian front in Galicia. July 20— First draft drawing. Oct. July 22 — Kerensky succeeds Lyoff as pre* mier of Russia. Oct. July 22 — Russian soldiers in Galicia refuse Oct. obedience and start flight. Oct. July 23 — Germans take Tarnapol. July 23 — Council of workmen and soldiers Oct. makes Kerensky dictator. July 25 — Roumanians take offensive. Oct. July 31 — Allies begin Fourth battle of Oct. Ypres. Oct. Aug. 2 — Brusiloff and Dimitrieff resign. Aug. 7 — Liberia declares war on Germany. Oct. Aug. 10-11 — Second British advance at Oct. Ypres. Nov. Aug. 14 — Pope makes peace proposal. Aug. 14 — China declares war on Germany Nov. and Austria-Hungary. Nov. Aug. 15-16 — Third advance at Ypres ; Nov. Langemarck and Hill 70 taken. Aug. 18-24 — Italian offensive on Isonzo; Nov. take Bainsizza plateau, Monte Santo and Monte San Gabriele. Nov. Aug. 19-20 — Fourth advance at Ypres. Aug. 20— French take Dead Man's Hill. Nov. Aug. 24 — French take Hill 304, Verdun. Aug. 25-27 — Moscow conference. Nov. Aug. 28 — President Wilson rejects Pope's Nov. peace plan. Aug. 30 — Company E left Oxford, N. C, Nov. for Camp Sevier, S. C. Sept. 3 — Germans take Riga. Nov. Sept. 8 — Luxburg sink-without-trace dis- patch disclosed. Nov. Sept. 8 — Korniloff rebels against Keren- Nov. sky. Nov. Sept. 15 — Korniloff surrenders to Alexieff. Nov. Sept. 20 — Fifth British advance at Ypres. Nov. Sept. 22 — Germans take Jacobstadt. Sept. 26 — Sixth advance at Ypres ; take Dec. Zonnebeke and Polygon wood. Oct. 4 — Seventh advance at Ypres; Poel- Dec. capelle taken. Dec. Oct. 9 — Eighth advance at Ypres. Oct. 12 — Ninth advance at Ypres. Dec. Oct. 13 — Germans land on Oesel Island, Baltic Sea. Dec. 18 — Battle of German and Russian fleets in Moon Sound. 20 — Five Zeppelins destroyed in raid on London. 22 — Tenth advance at Ypres. 23 — French take Fort de Malmaison. 21-23 — Battle of Caporetta; Italian front broken. 25 — French drive Germans across the Ailette. 26 — Brazil declares war on Germany. 26-30 — Eleventh advance at Ypres. 28 — Gorizia retaken by Austrians; Bainsizza and Carso lost. 30 — Austrians take Udine. 31 — British take Beersheba, Palestine. 3 — First American trench fight on Rhine-Marne canal. 6 — British take Passchendaele. 6 — British take Gaza. 7 — Kerensky overthrown by Bolshe- viki. 8 — Italians defeated on the Taglia- mento. 9 — General Diaz succeeds Cadorna in command of Italians. 10 — British advance on Passchendaele ridge. 10 — British take Askalon. 16-17 — Kerensky forces defeated by Bolsheviki. 17 — British gain on Passchendaele ridge. 18-19 — Battle of the Piave; Italians hold. 18 — British take Jaffa. 19— Death of General Cyril Maude. 20— Battle of Monte Tomba. 20 — British attack at Cambrai. 30-Dec. 7 — German counter-attack at Cambrai. 7 — United States declares war on Austria-Hungary. 7 — Roumania agrees to armistice. 8 — Trotzky announces suspension of hostilities. 8 — U. S. destroyer Jacob Jones tor- pedoed. 10 — British take Jerusalem. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 161 Dec Dec Dec Jan Jan. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 14 — Germans and Bolsheviki sign ar- Mar. 28- mistice. Mar. 28 19-21 — Battle of Monte Asolone. 28 — Provisional peace agreement be- Mar. 29 tween Bolsheviki and Germans. 1918 Mar.30- 8 — President Wilson's speech stating fourteen peace articles. Mar. 31 20 — Bolsheviki dissolve Constituent Apr. 5 Assembly. Apr. 6 20 — Breslau sunk in naval battle off Dardanelles. 24-28 — Italian success on Asiago pla- Apr, 9 teau. 6 — Tuscania torpedoed; 212 Ameri- Apr. 11 can soldiers lost. Apr. 12 9 — Ukraine government signs sepa- Apr. 14 rate peace. 11 — Bolsheviki declare end of the Apr. 16 war. 16 — Sir Henry Hughes Wilson suc- ceeds Sir William Robertson as Apr. 17 British chief of staff. Feb 17 — Germans announce end of armis- Apr. 20 tice with Bolsheviki. Feb. 18 — Germans advance across the Apr. 23 Dvina. Feb 19 — Germans take Dvinsk and Lutsk. Apr. 25 Feb. 20 — Germans enter Esthonia. Apr. 26 Feb. 22 — British take Jericho. Feb. 23 — New German terms to Bolsheviki. Apr. 27 Feb. 25 — Germans take Reval and Pskov. 27 — Hospital ship Glenart Castle torpedoed; 164 lost. Apr. 29 1 — Austrian armies enter Ukraine. 3 — Bolsheviki agree to the German May 10- terms. Mar. 7 — Peace treaty with Roumania. May 12- Mar. 10 — Germans land in Finland. Mar. 13 — Austrians take Odessa. May 16- Mar. 21 — German drive on Cambrai-Saint Quentin front begins. May 27- Mar. 23 — Germans first shell Paris with 76-mile gun. May 28 Mar. 24 — Germans take Ham and Chauny. May 28 Mar. 25 — Germans take Bapaume. Mar. 26 — Germans take Noyon and Roye. May 29 Mar. 27 — Germans take Albert. May 30 Mar. 28 — Germans take Montdidier. May 31 Feb. Mar. Mar. -Germans repulsed before Arras. -British defeat Turks at Hit, Mesopotamia. -Foch appointed Allied generalis- simo. Germans take Grivesnes, Moreuil and Demuin. -Moreuil and Demuin retaken. I — Japanese land at Vladivostok. 7 — Germans advance from Chauny; take Folembray and Pierremonde. I — German drive at Armentieres be- gun. — Germans take Armentieres. : — Haig's back-to-wall order. British and French land on Kola Peninsula. -Germans take Bailleul and Wyt- schaete; British retire from Pas- schendaele. • French reinforce British on the Lys. ' — Americans repulse German raid at Seicheprey. , — British naval raid on Zeebrugge and Ostend. 26— Germans take Mont Kemmel. I — Americans in line on Picardy front. 28 — Battle at Locre and Voorme- zeele; British again withdraw before Ypres. ' — General German attack on Lys sector repulsed. -Second British naval raid on Os- tend. -Company E, 120th Infantry, sailed for Liverpool, England. -Italian naval raid on Pola sinks battleship. -Germans take Chemin des Dames. -Germans advance to the Vesle. -First American offensive; take Cantigny. -Germans take Soissons. -Germans cross the Ourcq. -Germans reach the Marne. 162 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR May 31 May 31 June 2 June 2 June 3 June 6 June 9 June 15 June 25 June 26 June 30 July 1 July 1 July 4- July 6 July 7- July 7- July 15- July 18- July 19- July 20- July 21- July 27- July 28- July 29- Aug 2- Aug. 3- Aug. 4- Aug. 5- Aug. 6- Aug. 7- Aug. 8- Aug. 9- Aug. 10- Aug. 11- — President Lincoln sunk; 26 lost. Aug. — German counter-attacks on Can- Aug. tigny repulsed by Americans. — Germans take Chateau Thierry. Aug. — American marines reach front at Aug. Chateau Thierry. — Submarine off American coast Aug. sinks Carolina and other ships. Aug. 7-10-11 — American marines take Aug. Belleau Wood. Aug. —German drive, Montdidier to Aug. Noyon. 23 — Austrian drive on Piave. Aug. — Austrians driven across Piave. Aug. -Americans take Belleau ridge. Aug. Jtalians take Monte de Valbella Aug. and Monte del Rosso. Aug. — Hospital ship Llandovery Cas- Aug. tie sunk; 234 lost. Aug. Americans take Vaux. Aug. — Czecho-Slovaks take Vladivostok — Italians clear Piave delta. Aug. — German ambassador at Moscow Aug. assassinated. Aug. -12 — Italians advance in Albania. Aug. — Germans begin Marne-Cham- pagne drive. Sept. — Allied counter-attack on Aisne Sept. and Marne. — Cruiser San Diego sunk off Long Sept. Island. Sept. — Germans recross the Marne. — Chateau Thierry recaptured. Sept. — Germans retire to the Ourcq. Sept. — Allies take Fer»-en-Tardenois. -30— Battle of Sergy. Sept. —French take Soissons. — Germans retire across the Vesle. Sept. — Americans take Fismes. Sept. — Allies land at Archangel. — Foch made marshal. Sept. — Allies cross Vesle. — Allied drive on Amiens front be- Sept. gun. Sept. — Americans take Fismette. Sept. — Montdidier retaken. Sept. — Nine fishing boats sunk off Mas- sachusetts coast. Sept. 14 — French take Bibecourt. 14 — American troops land at Vladi- vostok. 14 — British reach Baku. 19 — French begin drive south of the Oise. 21 — French take Lassigny. 21 — British attack Albert to Arras. 21 — Germans driven across Oise. 22— British take Albert. 22 — Bolsheviki declare war exists with United States. 24 — British take Bray and Thiepval 24 — Austrians retake Berat. 27 — French take Roye and Nesle. 28 — Chaulnes retaken. 28-29 — Americans attack Juvigny. 29 — Noyon retaken. 29 — British recross the Somme. 29 — Americans lose Fismette and Ba- zoches. 30 — British take Combles. 30 — British retake Bailleul. 31 — British retake Mont Kemmel. 31-Sept. 2 — Japanese defeat Bolshe- viki on Ussuri River. 1 — British take Peronne. 2 — British break Drocourt-Queant line. 5 — French recover Aisne-Ailette line. 6 — Germans retreat to Hindenburg line. 7 — French take Fort de Conde. 12 — Americans take St. Mihiel sal- ient. 14 — Drive on Macedonian front be- gun. 16 — Frenc htake Vailly. 18 — British attack Cambrai-St. Quen- tin front. 20 — Turks defeated north of Jerusa- lem. 22 — British take Nazareth. 23 — Serbians reach the Vardar. 24 — British take Haifa and Acre. 26 — American campaign on the Meuse begun. 26 — French drive in Champagne. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 163 Sept. 27 — Bulgarians ask for armistice. Sept. 27 — British attack Hindenburg line. Sept. 29— Battle of Bellicourt, 30th Divi- sion smashes Hindenburg Line. Sept. 29 — French take Fort de Malmaison. Sept. 29 — Belgians begin drive ; take Hou- thoulst forest. Sept. 30 — Bulgaria surrenders. Sept. 30 — Messines ridge retaken. Sept. 30 — Turks surrender west of Jordan. Oct. 1 — British take Damascus. Oco. 2 — St. Quentin taken. Oct. 3 — British go through Hindenburg line north of St. Quentin. 3 — French take Challerange. 3 — Le Catelet taken. 3 — Lens and Armentieres retaken. 4 — Naval attack on Durazzo. 6-19 — American advance on the Meuse. Oct. 5 — King Ferdinand of Bulgaria ab- dicates. Oct. 6 — Germany asks peace on President Wilson's terms. Oct. 7 — Germans retreat north of Reims. Oct. 7— Battle of St. Souplet. Oct. 8 — Cambrai-St. Quentin front smash- ed. Oct. 10 — Le Gateau taken. Oct. 12 — Germany again offers to accept President Wilson's terms. Oct. 12 — French take Craonne and Vou- ziers. Oct. 13 — Serbians take Nish. Oct. 14 — Roulers taken. Oct. 15 — Menin and Thorout taken. Oct. 15 — Americans break Kreimhilde line. Oct. 15 — Americans take Grand Pre. Oct. 17 — Ostend, Courtrai and Lille re- taken. Oct. 18 — Bruges, Zeebrugge and Thielt taken. Oct. 18 — Turcoing, Roubaix and Dounai taken. Oct. 21 — Americans take Hill 299 and Bois de Rappa. Oct. 22- Oct. 23- Oct. 23- Oct. 25— Oct. 27- Oct. 27- Oct. 27- Oct. 27- Oct. 28- Oct. 30- Oct. 30- Oct. 31- Oct. 31- Nov. 1— Nov. 3- Nov. 3- Nov. 3- Nov. 3- Nov. 3- Nov. 4- Nov. 4- Nov. 4- Nov, 4- Nov. 7- Nov. 7- Nov. 9- Nov. 9- Nov. 11- Nov. 11, Nov. 12- Nov. 19- Nov. 21- British reach the Scheldt. President Wilson's reply to Ger- many. Americans take Brieulles, Hills 297, 299 and 281. Italians begin offensive on the Piave. German note ; await Allies' terms Ludendorff resigns. Italians cross the Piave. British take Aleppo. Austria sends note to President Wilson accepting terms and ask- ing armistice. Italians take Victoria. British defeat Turks on the Tigris. Turkey surrenders. Austria sends commissioners to Diaz. Americans again attack on the Meuse. -Italians occupy Trent, Rovereto and Trieste. -Austria surrenders. -British take Valenciennes. -Serbians take Belgrade. -Count Tisza assassinated. -Allied war council agrees on ar- mistice terms. -British success on Valenciennes sector. -Italians take Scutari. -Americans cross the Meuse and take Dun. -Rebellion in German navy. -Americans reach Sedan. -Kaiser abdicates. -British take Tournai and Mau- beuge. -British take Mons. 11 A. M.— ARMISTICE. -Republic proclaimed in Berlin. -French enter Metz. -German fleet surrenders. 164 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 1 i 1 W '''' w I'/iV '^S^^^S^t I GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 165 Granville County Chapter, American Red Cross I. ...... ....... ^that the United States of America must en- ter the World War there were so far as known but two members of the American Red Cross in Granville County, viz : Mrs, Mary R. Delacroix, who joined in 1915, and Mrs. W. B. Ballou, who joined in 1916. Chiefly through the efforts of Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert, a daughter of Gen. George W. Davis, for many years Chairman of Cen- tral Committee, A. R. C, Washington, D. C, interest was aroused. At a meeting of women held April 11, 1917, over which Mrs. John Webb, President of the Woman's Club, presided, there were 37 ladies pres- ent, it was decided to effect a temporary organization. Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert was appointed Chairman ; Mrs. N. H. Cannady, Secretary ; Mrs. Mary R. Delacroix, Treas- urer. On April 24, 1917, a patriotic meeting was held in the Court House at the call of our Mayor, Mr. W. Z. Mitchell. While not specifically for the Red Cross the work of this organization was explained clearly and concisely by Mr. A. H. Powell. Many members were enrolled at that time. A recruiting station was opened in Mr. Powell's office and about 300 members en- rolled during the week it was open. A committee consisting of Mrs. Calvert, Mrs. Delacroix, Mrs. Webb, Mrs. R. G. \ Lassiter, Mrs. A. H. Powell, Mrs. H. G. Cooper and Mrs. Lewis Thorpe visited the Raleigh, N. C, Chapter early in May to I learn methods of work. ' On May 14, 1917, the temporary organi- 1 zation was perfected and a committee nam- ed to ask for a charter authorizing the for- j mation of the Granville County Chapter I with headquarters at Oxford, the county I seat. This application was sent May 15, 1917, I and was signed by the following represen- tative citizens : W. Z. Mitchell, Mayor and Tobacconist; Gen. B. S. Royster, Adjutant General and Attorney; W. H. Hunt, President First National Bank ; W. T. Yancey, Cashier Na- tional Bank of Granville; Benjamin K. Hays, M. D., Secretary Medical Society of North Carolina and Granville County Health Oflicer ; A. W. Graham, U. S. Cotton Futures Attorney ; B. K. Lassiter, Postmas- ter and Lawyer; S. K. Phillips, Pastor of Presbyterian Church; B. W. Parham, President Commercial Club; A. H. Powell, President Granville Real Estate & Trust Co.; Mrs. C. G. Elhott, Leader King's Daughters; Mrs. John Webb, President Woman's Club; Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert, Daughter of Gen. George W. Davis; Mrs. H. G. Cooper, Wife of Vice-President of National Bank of Granville. During the latter part of May our com- munity was most favored by having in its midst Major General George W. Davis, for eight years Chairman Central Commit- tee, A. R. C, at Washington, D. C. At the home of his daughter, Mrs. Calvert, tem- porary Chairman, a conference was held, at which time General Davis gave great help and inspiration to those anxious to form a local chapter of the A. R. C. A few days later General Davis consented to give a public talk on the history, aims and meth- ods of Red Cross work, which was a reve- lation to his fortunate hearers. He spoke with vigor and enthusiasm, outlining past activities and forecasting the wonderful opportunities for service opening before the A. R. C, which prophecy we have seen more than fulfilled. A letter authorizing the committee that sent application for a charter to proceed with the organization was received from Dr. Guy F. Snavely, Director Southern Di- vision, on June 11, 1917, and on June 19, 1917, a permanent organization was per- fected in a mass meeting held in the Court House in Oxford, Rev. S. K. Phillips pre- siding. The Nominating Committee, of which Dr. B. K. Hays was Chairman, presented GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 167 A. H. POWELL President Granville Real Estate & Trust Co. Oxford, N. C. Chairman of Granville County Chapter, A. R. C. J. P. HARRIS Banker Oxford, N. C. Treasurer of Granville County Chapter, A. R. C. JOHN R. HALL Insurance and Real Estate Oxford, N. C. Treasurer of Granville County Chapter, A. R. C, and Chairman of War Savings Stamps Campaign. 168 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR the following names of officers and mem- bers of the Executive Board : A. H. Powell, Chairman. Mr. Powell is President of the Granville Real Estate & Trust Company, Director of the First Na- tional Bank and Director of Oxford Water Company. An earnest, thoughtful man, whose heart is in every endeavor that is for the public good. He has given time, thought, means and personal sacrifice to further the work of the Chapter. Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert, Vice-Chairman. Her work and standing has been mention- ed in the foregoing sketch of formation of chapter. She served until fall of 1917, when she moved from Oxford. She was succeeded by Mrs. L. M. Roberts, who has given devoted service. At this time Miss Esther Mitchell was chosen 2nd Vice-Chairman. From Octo- ber, 1918, to February, 1919, she served in Nurses Training Corps at Camp Jackson, S. C, but no successor was appointed. A. W. Graham, Jr., Secretary. A rising young lawyer, grandson of Governor Gra- ham of North Carolina. When called into the service of his country he was succeed- ed May, 1918, by Mrs. Mary R. Delacroix. Mrs. N. H. Cannady, Assistant Secretary. Wife of a prominent manufacturer and ac- tive member of Woman's Club, being Sec- retary of that organization. J. P. Harris, Treasurer. Cashier of the Union Bank and Trust Co. He served un- til summer of 1918, when Mr. John R. Hall, President and owner of the J. R. Roller Insurance Co., and Treasurer of Granville county at present time, was cho- sen as Treasurer of the A. R. C, Mr. Har- ris continuing as Treasurer of the War Fund. Mrs. C. R. E. Brown. Prominent in Health Department Woman's Club, has ta- ken leadership of Woman's Committee in Third and Fourth Liberty Loan campaigns. Mrs. R. L. Brown, wife of Superinten- dent Masonic Orphanage at Oxford, Chair- man Civic Department Woman's Club. Mrs. J. C. Robards, wife of an auditor of Southern Railway, Treasurer of Woman's Club. Mr. John Webb, buyer British- American Tobacco Company, Chairman School Board. Mr. Guy B. Phillips, Superintendent of Schools of Oxford. Mr. B. K. Lassiter, member R. G. Las- siter Construction Co., Postmaster and Lawyer. Rev. G. T. Tunstall was added to Execu- tive Board in the winter of 1918, pastor of a group of four churches in the county ; he went overseas September, 1918, as Y. M. C. A. worker. Andrew Jamieson, President Tobacco Board of Trade, chosen to fill that vacancy. These officers and members of the Exe- cutive Board were unanimously elected. Committees Publicitii and Informatioyi. — Rev. S. K. Phillips, Chairman. Mr. Phillips was able to serve but a few weeks as he was called to Greenville, N. C, in the fall of 1917 and Miss Bennette H. Gregory was elected Chairman of this committee. She served until appointed Chairman of United War Work Fund in fall of 1918. Miss Gregory was succeeded by Miss Martha Parker Brinkley, our present Publicity Chairman. MEMBERSHIP Mrs. C. R. E. Brown, Chairman. Serv- ed from time of organization. Organized enrollment bureau and was untiring in every membership campaign. Member- ship reported October, 1918, 2,228. The Christmas Roll Call for 1918 was most successfully carried out under the en- thusiastic leadership of Mr. James W. Hor- ner, President Union Bank & Trust Co., President Anchor Stores. He was most ably assisted by Miss Hixie White who was unsparing in her eff"orts. Number of mem- bers enrolled, 2,800. EXTENSION Mrs. John Webb, Chairman. A leader of all activities for social service and Pres- ident of Woman's Club. Many visitations GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 169 DENNIS G. BRUMMITT Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Chairman of first Red Cross Campaign. Four-Minute Speaker. Member of Legal Advisory Board. Vice-Chairman and Di- rector of Publicity in First, Second, Third and Fourth Liberty Loan Campaigns, W. H. HUNT Banker Oxford, N. C. Chairman of Second Red Fund Drive. Cross War JAMES W. HORNER Merchant Oxford, N. C. Chairman of Second Christmas Roll Call Red Cross Drive. J. ROBERT WOOD Merchant Oxford, N. C. Chairman of Civilian Relief Committee, American Red Cross. H-R-20 170 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR were made by this committee to different communities. Rev. Mr. Tunstall rendered valuable assistance in organizing auxilia- ries throughout the county. Auxiliaries v^ere organized in the follow- ing order: Enon, July, 1917— Mrs. T. G. Currin, Chairman; Charles Knott, Treasurer. Creedmoor, September, 1917 — Mrs. C. W. York, Chairman ; Mrs. S. H. Rogers, Secretary; N. J. Boddie, Treasurer. Colored Auxiliary, September, 1917 — William Ridley, Chairman; B. R. Smith, Secretary; G. C. Shaw, Treasurer. Stovall, November, 1917— W. L. Taylor, Chairman; F. H. Gregory, Secretary- Treasurer. Providence, February, 1918 — Mrs. W. R. Kimball, Chairman; Mrs. W. L. Currin, Treasurer; John Terry, Secretary. Oxford College, February, 1918 — Bessie Holding, Chairman ; Naomi Davis, Secre- tary-Treasurer. Stem, March, 1918— Miss Marie Starke Chairman ; Miss Hallie Jones, Secretary- Treasurer. Hester Church, March, 1918 — Miss Julia Currin, Chairman ; Miss Tazzie Dean. Treasurer; E. C. Dean, Secretary. Bullock, April, 1918— Mrs. J. D. Pittard, Chairman ; Mrs. Horace Hicks, Secretary- Treasurer. Wilton, May, 1918— Mrs. T. C. Rogers, Chairman ; Miss Elizabeth Morris, Secre- tary-Treasurer. Northside, May, 1918— Miss Fannie Roy- croft, Chairman ; Mrs. W. H. Fleming, Sec- retary-Treasurer. Grassy Creek, May, 1918— Mrs. Sallie Pittard, Chairman; Miss Maude Sizemore, Secretary-Treasurer. Knapp of Reeds, May, 1918— Mrs. J. Ralph Weaver, Chairman; J. Ralph Weav- er, Secretary-Treasurer. Succeeded Sep- tember, 1918, by Mrs. E. J. Nance. West Oxford, May, 1918— D. F. Lanier, Chairman; A. W. Farris, Secretary-Treas- urer. Williford School, May, 1918— Mrs. A. Williford, Chairman; Miss Ophelia Willi- ford, Secretary. Knott's Grove, May, 1918— John Knott, Chairman ; Miss Nannie Knott, Secretary. Corinth, June, 1918 — C. R. Gordon, Chairman ; Mrs. J. W. Brummitt, Secre- tary. Mountain Creek, June, 1918 — Mrs. L. T. Elliott, Chairman ; D. O. Parham, Sec- retary. Amis Chapel, July, 1918— Mrs. W. L. Clark, Chairman ; Miss Florence Frazier, Secretary. Tabb's Creek, July, 1918— Mrs. J. L. Pittard, Chairman. The auxiliaries, organized early, render- ed valuable assistance in making supplies for the work-room. Some were organized so late in 1918 they were unable to do much in that line, but everybody in the county was generous in gifts of money, refugee garments and donations of tobacco. FINANCE W. H. Hunt, Chairman. President of First National Bank. Mr. Hunt has held this office since organization of chapter. Under this department the War Fund drives were made. Fi)-st Fund. — D. G. Brummitt, Chair- man. A prominent lawyer and speaker of House of Representatives of North Caro- lina. Campaign was opened by a public gathering at which A. A. Hicks, Attorney of the Board of Commissioners, presided. James H. Pou, of Raleigh, was the speaker of the evening and made a stirring appeal. Goodly contributions were pledged toward our allotment of $10,000. Faithful work was done by the efficient committees under Mr. Brummitt's leadership, but the people had not yet awakened to the fact that we were in the war and must give without stint. At this time no auxiliaries in the county had been formed and few realized there was such an organization as the A. R. C. Amount subscribed, $3,359.72. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 171 Second Fund. — W. H. Hunt, Chairman. Miss Bennette H. Gregory, Secretary. Our chapter was alloted $3,000.00 for this Campaign. The Executive Board felt that in view of the work done in the past six months the Southern Division had hardly estimated our growing interest and ability fairly and were put on their metal to do their best. Public gatherings were held in every community and a house-to-house canvass made. Our county boys were, some overseas, some in camps, and our people were ready and generous in their gifts, so that $14,629.35 was pledged, almost five times our allotment, and all but a trifle was paid in. TOBACCO SALES In the fall of 1917, a most energetic and enthusiastic committee under the leader- ship of Mrs. J. C. Robards, assisted by the other ladies, were present at all tobacco sales as long as it was deemed best to so- licit contributions. The response was gen- erous, tobacco was freely given and with hearty good-will. This netted the chapter $1,586.10. For the season of 1918 our plans were made with the assistance of the Tobacco Board of Trade, Andrew Jamieson, Presi- dent, and Mrs. S. M. Watkins, wife of a prominent tobacconist. Chairman of the A. R. C. Committee. The willingness and al- most eagerness to give without solicitation even was apparent. We wish to express our heartfelt thanks to all the farmers for their generous co-operation. The amount raised in 1918 was $3,115.43. WAYS AND MEANS Mrs. A. H. Powell, Chairman ; also rCounty Chairman of Woman's Committee National Council of Defense and founder and first President of the Woman's Club of Oxford. This committee organized and devised methods of raising funds. Under its auspices several entertainments were given, notably Cantata of Esther, under leadership of Rev. S. K. Phillips. The Witching Hour, rendered in most artistic manner by Miss Grace Jean Sails. Some young girls gave the Winning of Princess Winsome, entirely arranged, costumed and given by girls under fourteen. Suppers, plays, church entertainments of various kinds, were given in the county, which brought in goodly sums for the cause. A rummage sale was also held which brought in several hundred dollars. DIRECTORS OF WORK AND BUYING Mrs. Mary R. Delacroix, Chairman ; Mrs. John W. Gooch, Vice-Chairman. This com- mittee was hampered in securing quarters in which to work until July, 1917 , our rent was given us for three months by the Oxford Jewelry Co. in a large, commodious corner store. We opened two mornings in every week, during the summer, making cotton bandages, hospital supplies and gar- ments. October, 1917, we were obliged to move and were given the use of the library room by the Woman's Club. We kept this open four days every week. We soon outgrew this room and were able to secure, Janu- ary, 1918, another large corner store and for several months kept our room open ev- ery day except Saturday afternoon, which shows for itself there was no lack of faith- ful workers. This room was also given us rent free by the National Bank of Gran- ville. In the spring of 1918 we made our final move to another vacant store, given us rent free by R. C. M. Calvert, later a captain in the Engineer Corps in France. During all this time our output of work was excel- lent and interest good. In November, 1917, Mrs. Delacroix as- suming other duties, Mrs. John Gooch was made Chairman of work and her efforts were unceasing and untiring. The success of this department was due chiefly to her faithfulness. In November, 1918, she re- signed and Mrs. Roberts, Vice-Chairman, has acted since that time. Report of output of garments as follows : 1,304 hospital garments. 172 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 3,190 muslin bandages. 647 refugee garments. Already shipped. 300 refugee garments. Ready to ship. Under work-room activities, until reor- ganization plans submitted by Atlanta, a committee for knitted articles was appoint- ed : Mrs. C. G. Elliott, Chairman ; Mrs. A. A. Chapman, Vice-Chairman. These ladies have served from the beginning of this branch of work and the output has been excellent. In January, February, March and April of 1918, we made a shipment nearly every week. In the absence of Mrs. Elliott, Mrs. Chapman raised a fund of $544.12 for purchase of wool. She was untiring and indefatigable in her efforts to arouse interest. Output knitted articles to date has been : 434 sweaters. 181 mufflers. 230 helmets. 63 pair wristlets. 734 pair socks. 6 robes. 50 pair socks were sent to sufferers in France because of imperfections. GENERAL SUPPLIES Mrs. A. A. Chapman, Chairman. This department was organized when a syste- matic plan for all chapters was formed in May, 1918. Its greatest work has been the making of comfort kits. When the lo- cal company of National Guard, the Gran- ville Grays, left for camp August 30, 1917, about 50 men, they were each fur- nished a kit, which was donated by indi- vidual members of the local Red Cross, also lunches sufficient for three meals. Eight comfort kits were sent to Atlanta February 2, 1918, at a cost of $17.00. Since then we have sent: 6 layettes. 6 comfort pillows. 156 property bags. One large box pieces old linen for hos- pitals. During 1918 we have furnished 199 comfort kits to white soldiers ; 155 to col- ored soldiers : 355 in all at a cost of $503.- 03. An average of $1.43 per kit. The 155 for colored soldiers were made and furnished and paid for by members of the colored auxiliary, the materials be- ing purchased through the committee of the local chapter. We have filled two allotments for foreign relief garments, aggregating 647 garments, as reported under work-room activities. Several quilts made of pieces have also been forwarded. The work of this depart- ment has been prodigious. Mrs. Chapman, as Chairman, inspired every one with the spirit of service. SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR LINEN FOR HOS- PITALS Mrs. T. G. Currin, Chairman. The county was canvassed, every auxiliary re- sponding liberally and we more than filled our allotment; shipping 177 sheets. 682 handkerchiefs. 665 face towels. 495 bath towels. 84 napkins. One hundred and fifty-three Christmas packages were sent in 1917, to be forward- ed to the camps at home and overseas. This work was under the supervision of Miss Fannie Robertson, teacher in High School, with assistance of other teachers and pu- pils. The oversight of the Christmas packages for 1918 was efficiently directed by Miss Isabelle Parham. PACKING COMMITTEE Mrs. R. L. Brown was chosen to direct the packing, and with the faithful assis- tance of Mrs. Graham Hunt, Miss Lelia Routon, Mrs. Blalock and Mrs. W. J. Long, has packed all shipments of garments, knit- ted articles' and refugee garments made under work-room direction. CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Mrs. A. L. Glasgow, Chairman; Mrs. W. D. Bryan, Vice-Chairman. One of the GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 173 hardest undertakings of this committee was the mending of 500 pairs of gloves. Nut-shells and pits were collected and many pounds shipped; tin-foil also collected, some 80 pounds sold. Mrs. E. T. White, Mrs. C. R. E. Brown and Miss Esther Mitchell were the first committee for collection of clothing to ship overseas, which amounted to nearly 600 pounds. The second and third collection of cloth- ing for war sufferers was under the charge of Mrs. Glasgow and Mrs. Bryan with the assistance of Mrs. Easton. For the sec- ond we were alloted 4,000 pounds for the chapter, about 5,000 were shipped. Much new material, many fine suits, both ladies' and gentlemen's were sent. The third col- lection amounted to 500 pounds. SURGICAL DRESSINGS Mrs. J. C. Robards, Chairman. A most earnest leader. During part of 1918 Miss Mary Webb was leader of this committee, and rendered faithful service. There were 18 members in the class which took the surgical dressings course, 'given by Mrs. J. K. Harris, of Durham, N. lC, and who received the red cross to wear : on their blue caps after completing 15 j; hours' work. During seven months' work I about 7,000 dressings were made ; average number of workers at meetings, 18 ; enroll- ment was 36. Many helped at various times who were not regularly enrolled. The work was interrupted by the infiuenza epidemic, during which many masks were made. The signing of the armistice ended the necessity for this service. FIRST AID Dr. Benjamin K. Hays, Chairman ; also a member of the Exemption Board and la- ter in the service at Oteen, N. C. Dr. Dan- iel appointed in his place. Later under the leadership of Mrs. Pritchard, Chairman oi the Educational Committee, there were three classes held in March, 1918, instruct- ed by Mrs. Gordon Wheeler, of Atlanta, Ga. About 30 members attended and much in- terest was shown. Mrs. C. R. E. Brown of the Nursing Committee assisted in orga- nizing these classes, and during the influ- enza secured many volunteers to assist in nursing sick children at the Masonic Or- phanage. These ladies and gentlemen gave valiant service for many weeks. HOME SERVICE J. Robert Wood, Chairman ; Miss Belle Cooper, Secretary; Miss Edna White, Treas- urer. The Home Service Department had absolutely no work to do until April, 1918. At that time we made an effort to find if any of the soldiers' families were in need. When once they understood the American Red Cross was looking out for them, the SURGICAL DRESSING CLASS 174 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR number increased rapidly from three in April, 1918, to more than 200 in September, 1918. The total number dealt with to No- vember 1, 1918, about 500, most of them seeking information and sympathy. We have financially aided ten families to the amount of $90.00. Immediately after the signing of the armistice demands on the Home Service Department decreased per- ceptibly, but by midwinter many unexpect- ed and intricate cases developed, caused by the returning and discharged soldiers. Un- til then this work had been done by patri- otic men and women for the love of our country and our boys. Then the Home Service Department found it necessary to have a trained worker. Atlanta kindly let us have Mrs. Ben. W. Van Riper for six weeks who did thorough work here. Since her departure Miss Edna White, Treasurer, and Miss Belle Cooper, Secretary, have suc- ceeded her and are continuing the work in an efficient way. From November 1, 1918, to May 1, 1919, there have been about 800 cases of every description scattered even to remote sec- tions of the county. The negroes far ex- ceed the white people in needing informa- tion and help. CANTEEN AND CAMP ACTIVITIES Mrs. A. H. Powell, Commandant; Mrs. S. H, Cannady, Vice-Commandant; Miss Mary Webb, Intelligence Officer ; Mrs. J. C. Howard, Captain Team 1 ; Mrs. T. L. Booth, Captain Team 2; Mrs. W. B. Ballou, Cap- tain Team 3; Mrs. H. G. Cooper, Captain Team 4. The Canteen Committee of the Granville County Chapter was appointed the second season of the chapter's activi- ties, for until then there was no opportu- nity for service ; owing to the fact that Ox- ford is not on any main trunk line the com- mittee's opportunity for service was limit- ed to soldiers who were visiting our town or were passing through in small squads by way of automobiles and army trucks. In these cases frequently we have had invi- tations extended to them to dine or break- fast, in some cases to spend the night in private homes, a courtesy greatly appreci- ated by the soldiers. As no definite infor- mation was ever furnished us that troops would pass through we were unable at all times to take them into our homes, but no soldiers ever passed through that the Can- teen Committee did not stop them and of- fer entertainment and refreshments. Sometimes it was sandwiches and lem- onade, sometimes cigars, cigarettes and fruit. At other times lodging and meals were arranged for them at the hotel, and whenever they remained for the evening tickets to the motion picture show, a dance or an automobile ride was given them. Stamped post-cards were often given them and the intelligence officer offered to see | that the messages written to family or friends were promptly posted. During the influenza epidemic the mem- bers of the Canteen Committee did not spare themselves any service, but gave of their time and strength, nursing the sick, serving in soup kitchens, driving motor cars and distributing flowers and food. For three weeks this committee, and many oth- ers, members of the A. R. C, did all the work of the diet kitchen at the Masonic Or- phanage where there were, at times, 300 sick ones to be supplied with meals. This work was under the direction of Mrs. A. L. Capehart, County Demonstrator Home Economics. The boys of the Junior Aux- iliary gave valiant service in carrying the food to the nine cottages where sick ones were located. This committee served the luncheons to the men and women who worked in the Liberty Loan Drive and for the Red Cross Christmas Roll Call Drive. The chapter contributed $100.00 to the Raleigh Can- teen. At the opening meeting of the Red Cross Conference in the fall of 1918 the Canteen Committee presented a beautiful tableau, representing every activity of the local chapter. Two large shipments of books were sent to the soldiers in camps. The scope of the service rendered by the Canteen and Camp Activities Committees was unlimited and GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 175 no opportunity was lost to cheer and com- fort the men in khaki. THE JUNIOR RED CROSS Guy B. Phillips, Chairman, When the call for an organization on the part of the school children of America to assist in winning the war came, enthusiasm for such work was high. In response to this call Oxford was the first school of the county to organize a Junior Red Cross, When the report of this step was made to Atlanta Headquarters, it was found to be the second organization in the State of North Carolina and the third in the entire Southern Division of five states. With such a beginning the pupils assumed an allot- ment of refugee garments that was met. At other times they were called upon to render service in local matters, collecting nuts, tinfoil, etc. One valuable service they rendered was assisting in delivering meals to the sick during the influenza epidemic. The Culbreth school was the next county organization to be reported. The pupils of this school were at all times in line for service of whatever nature demanded. During the fall of 1918 plans were made for a determined drive for an organization in every county school. Just as this was inaugurated the influenza epidemic devel- oped and as a result all such work was stopped. After this great calamity had passed there was no hope of doing anything of this nature. At that time all schools were making supreme efforts to gain lost time and were loath to take on extra acti- vities. In spite of all this difficulty the schools at Providence, Enon, Crews, Grove Hill and Hester did organize. These made a total of seven organizations with a mem- bership of 895. The total funds on hand at present amount to $133.31. The Junior Red Cross contributed to the War Fund Drive $180.87. The Juniors of the Graded School, under the leadership of Miss May White and Miss Lillian Minor, staged a patriotic enter- tainment in the form of a pageant which netted $50.00 for the cause. The work of the Junior Red Cross has been successful. Eight war orphans were cared for by eight grades for one year, SUMMARY OF OUTPUT Garments, Comforts, Kits, Knitted Arti- cles, etc. 1.314 hospital garments, 647 refugee garments, 434 sweaters. 181 mufflers. 230 helmets, 63 pair wristlets. 821 socks. 6 robes. 3,190 muslin bandages. 7,123 pads, various kinds. 2,275 wipes. 600 compresses. 467 comfort kits. 152 Christmas packages. 6 layettes. 797 refugee garments. 177 sheets. 682 handkerchiefs. 665 face towels. 495 bath towels. 84 napkins. 80 pounds tinfoil. 500 pair gloves mended. Large box old linen. 6,100 pounds second-hand clothing in three shipments, RECEIPTS Annual memberships, including auxil- iaries $ 5,051 00 Two life members 50 00 Magazine members 120 00 Miscellaneous income 1,206 54 Wool fund 545 12 Tobacco fund 4,701 53 Donations 2,125 35 Twenty-five per cent, first and second Red Cross war funds 3,218 41 Home relief Public Health Department 97 25 Home Service Repayments 70 00 Total $17,185 20 176 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR DISBURSEMENTS Fifty per cent, of membership paid to Division Headquarters $ 2,609 75 Rent, lijrht, heat, etc. 417 29 Military relief for supplies 5,154 23 Public Health Department 1,858 52 Home Service Department 624 26 Canteen service 182 29 Transportation of supplies 70 97 Miscellaneous expenses 154 98 Home relief funds $ 1,556 77 Chapter general and military relief funds 4,556 14 Balance on hand and in bank May 31, 1919 6,112 91 Total $17,185 20 LECTURES Our chapter has been fortunate in its public gatherings in having large atten- dance manifesting much enthusiasm. We have had with us William A. Ellis of the Southern Division, an enthusiast in the work. He was of material help to us in our early days of organization. James H. Pou came in the interest of the First War Fund Drive. Rev. Isaac Hughes, Rev. F. H. T. Horsfield, and Mrs. Fuller, from Southern Headquarters, have also made interesting talks. Captain Hutchin- son, of England, came in the interest of the Second War Fund Drive and presented the sufferings of the nations at war in a most graphic manner, which brought a hearty response and generous offerings to the cause. On September 26 and 27, 1918, we held a county conference at which nearly all our auxiliaries were represented and reports given by them evidencing interest and loy- alty. We were most fortunate in having Willis J. Millner, Jr., with us for this con- ference. He said it was unique in that it was the first county chapter conference in the Southern Division. Miss Thompson, al- so sent by Southern Headquarters, gave a most inspiring talk on Home Service, re- lating many pathetic and some amusing features of the work. F. M. Darnell, also of Atlanta, Director of Junior Work, made an interesting talk on that department. A pageant representing the different activi- ties of the American Red Cross was staged, during which Mrs. John B. Booth's music class of the Graded School sang patriotic songs. From this incomplete report it will be readily seen that it was impossible to give the names of all who worked faithfully and untiringly; therefore, only the officers and chairmen of committees are mention- ed by name. The officers of Granville County Chapter wish to here express their appreciation of the loyal support given un- der all circumstances and the generous re- sponse in gifts of time, labor and money to all calls. We wish to thank especially the Oxford Jewelry Co., The Woman's Club, the Na- tional Bank of Granville, J. G. Hall Co., Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert, Mrs. Ella R. Allen and Mrs. C. R. E. Brown for rooms fur- nished us free of charge, and the Public Ledger for generous use of space. We also wish to thank J. Robert Wood and Mrs. Brown for furniture and rugs loaned us, Messrs. Upchurch & Currin and the Acme Hardware Co. for stoves, the agents of the Singer and White Sewing Machine Companies for machines loaned us free of charge, J. Robert Wood for hauling all shipments of freight, etc., without charge. Our only outlay for office equip- ment until March 1, 1919 ; was for one filing cabinet, stationery and letter files. We feel our record in this matter of expenditure is exceptional. The success of the Granville County Chapter was due to the never failing and ever generous citizenship of Granville County, which supported joyously every need or call of the Red Cross. No better people can be found in the world and the women and men who have served in official capacities of the chapter accept this oppor- tunity to incorporate in this short history their grateful appreciation to each man, woman or child who co-operated with the Red Cross. April, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTYIN THE WORLD WAR 177 , ^I^^^Ku»to&^J^^f^ READY FOR DUTY Mrs. J. C. Robards Mrs. S. H. Pritchard Mr;,. Graham Roberts Miss Mary Webb Mrs. A. A. Chapman Miss Esther Mitchell 178 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 179 HARRIET LELIA ARRINGTON Providence, N. C. Harriet Lelia Arrington was born March 28, 1888, in Granville County. On January 10, 1910, she went in training at St. Vincent's Hospital, Norfolk, Va., from which institution she graduat- ed on March 21, 1913. After a few months of private nursing, she accepted a position as Super- intendent of Nurses at the Sarah Elizabeth Hos- pital, Henderson, N. C. After serving one year at this hospital, she resigned to accept a position as Superintendent of the operating room at the Mercy Hospital, Durham, N. C. She later re- signed and did private nursing in Durham. On March 15, 1918, she went in training at Camp Mc- Clellan, Anniston, Ala. On July 7, 1918, she sailed for France. She was overseas seven months and returned to this country March 25, 1919. ALICE BERTHA CASEY Oxford, N. C. Alice Bertha Casey was born at Stonewall, N. C, March 2, 1897. She entered the Oxford Or- phanage in 1909 and on March 1, 1915, went to Rex hospital, Raleigh, N. C, from which insti- tution she graduated as a nurse on April 8, 1918. Upon graduation she joined the American Red Cross Nurses Association, and after one month of private nursing in Raleigh, N. C, joined the 65th North Carolina unit, headed by Dr. Long, of Gi'eensboro, N..C. As a member of this unit, she went in training at Fort McPherson, Ga., on July 5, 1918. On August 4, 1918, she sailed for France. On March 26th, while nursing at Kerhnan, France, she was attacked by influenza, followed by pneumonia, and returned to the U. S. May 24, 1919. 180 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR FRANCES D. HAYS Oxford, N. C. F'rances D. Hays was born at Oxford, N. C, June 5, 1892. On June 16, 1913, she entered Hy- geia H&spital, Richmond, Va., from which insti- tution she graduated as a nurse three years later, June 16, 1916. After graduation she did private nursing in Richmond and on March 17, 1918, she went into training at Camp Hancock, Ga., prepa- ratory to sailing for overseas duty. On August 23, 1918, she sailed; on September 9, arriving in Toul, France. At first she was attached to Base Hospital No. 45, but was transferred to a Gas Evacuation Hospital. This hospital consisted of four large stone buildings originally used by the Fi'ench as military academy barracks. When the armistice was signed this hospital was taken over by Base Hospital No. 87; later it was turned into a Respiratory Hospital. Base Hospital 45, to which Miss Hays was originally attached, was decorated by the French for being the best equip- ped unit "over there." On April 23, 1919, Miss Hays returned with the unit to America. ESTHER MITCHELL Oxford, N. C. Born February 7, 1896. Entered ser- vice October 14, 1918, at Camp Jackson, Columbia, S. C. Assigned to Base Hos- pital as student nurse. Honorably dis- charged February 14, 1919. BLANDENO BIGGERS, R. N. Winston-Salem, N. C. Born at Charlotte, N. C, April 16, 1895. Entered Oxford Orphanage October 20, 1904. Received training at Highsmith Hospital, Fayetteville, N. C. Entered hos- pital April 17, 1913. Graduated April 22, 1916. Entered service March 6, 1918, at Camp Pike, Little Rock, Ark. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 181 A Sketch of Woman's Work of the Granville County Division Council of National Defense 1917-1918 "The work which has been undertaken by the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense has my warm approval and support. "Already what the committee has been able to accomplish has been most encouraging and has exceeded the first expectations of those who were instrumental in constituting it. "Many barriers have been broken down and many new ties of sym- pathy and cooperation established and a new spirit of cooperation and de- votion to a common cause aroused — circumstances which are not only the greatest immediate service to the Nation, but which promise many fine things for the future. "WooDRow Wilson" Woman's Committee Woman's Committee OF the of the Council of National Defense State Council of National Defense Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Chairman North Carolina Division First meeting held in Mrs. Laura Holmes Reilly, Chairman Washington, D. C. First meeting held in May, 1917 Raleigh, N. C. June, 1917 Woman's Committee of the State Council of National Defense Granville County Division Mrs. a. Hamilton Powell, Chairman First meeting organized and held in Oxford, N. C. July, 1917 Note: This sketch of woman's work is not complete. Owing to the death of two valued members of the organization, both of whom were secretaries of depart- ments of the Woman's Commjttee of the Council of National Defense, a part of the manuscript has been lost. 182 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR OFFICERS OF GRANVILLE COUNTY DIVISION Mrs. A. H. Powell Chairman Mrs. T. G. Currin Vice-Chair man Mrs. H. M. Shaw Vice-Chairman Mrs. E. T. White Treasurer *Mrs. W. T. Yancey Secretary Mrs. H. 0. Furman Historian DEPARTMENTS ADOPTED BY GRANVILLE COUN- TY DIVISION WITH CHAIRMAN OF DRIVE Registration Miss Lela Routon Food Production Mrs. J. A. Morris Food Conservation Mrs. A. L. Capehart Liberty Loan Mrs. S. H. Brown War Savings Mrs. A. L. Capehart Education Miss Helen Sails Health Mrs. E. B. Meadows Social Service Mrs. C. G. Elliott Red Cross (auxiliary) Mrs. John Webb Child Welfare Mrs. R. L. Brown Y. W. C. A. *Miss Nette Gregory Safeguarding of Moral and Spiritual Forces Mrs. C. A. Upchurch Patriotic Community Music Mrs. A. A. Hicks In response to a call from the Woman's Committee of the State Council of Na- tional Defense a large and representative body of women of Oxford and of Granville County assembled at the Baptist Church in Oxford, N. C, July, 1917, at which time a permanent organization was effected, known as The Woman's Committee of the Granville County Division of the Council of National Defense. Mrs. A. H. Powell, of Oxford, had been elected temporary Chairman of Granville County at the meeting of the State Divi- sion held in the Senate Chamber in Raleigh in June, 1917. Upon organization Mrs. Powell's elec- tion was made unanimous by the County Division, and the following staff of officers was elected to serve with her: *Two efficient and faithful officers of the Gran- ville County Division of the Council of National Defense passed from earth to Heaven in the winter of 1918, during the epidemic of influenza that swept the country. Miss Bennette Gregory, Chairman Y. W. C. A., died December 6th. Mrs! W. T. Yancey, Secretary, died December 15th. Mrs. T. G. Currin 1st Vice-Chairman Mrs. H. M. Shaw x^nd Vice-Chairman Mrs. E. T. White Treasurer Mrs. W. T. Yancey Secretary It was the request of the Woman's Com- mittee of the State Council that the chair- men of all the respective county divisions carry out the plan of work in its various departments as nearly as possible as that outlined by the State Division; the object being to co-ordinate women's existing or- ganizations and their working forces, in order to enlist at once the greatest possible number in the service which the national crisis demanded. Practically all of the departments were adopted at the first meeting for organi- zation. As the work progressed several new ones were added as expediency de- manded. Chairmen for all of these de- partments were elected as soon as practi- cable. Each chairman, with the realiza- tion of the importance of the work before her, set forth to perform her duty to the best of her knowledge and ability. For the women of the younger genera- tion it was all pioneer work — this prepara- tion for war — just as it had been new and strange for the men, in w^hose interests the women were so deeply concerned. Every man who had gone out from Gran- ville County left behind him some woman whose heart was saddened by his going, and this bond of sympathy not only bound women's hearts together in a closer union but the great wave of anguish and heart- ache that was sweeping the country united them indissolubly in a common desire and determination to spend their energy in ev- ery way open to them, toward making the world safe for democracy. Gradually and slowly the knowledge that "in union there is strength" spread over the town and county, until — by the con- tinuous and untiring efforts of the County Chairman and her assistants — there had been eighteen units, or complete organiza- tions for carrying on the work established GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 183 in that many communities — most of which undertook at least five departments. Those who took active part with Mrs. Powell in visiting the community centers to assist in organizing units, were Mrs. John Webb, Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Mrs. R. L. Brown, Mrs. S. H. Brown, Mrs. Graham Roberts, and Miss Esther Mitchell. The communities that formed working units with the names of their respective chairmen are as follows : GRANVILLE COUNTY UNITS OF WOMAN'S COMMITTEE NATIONAL DEFENSE OXFORD UNIT Org-anized July 17, 1917 Officers Mrs. H. G. Cooper Chairman Mrs. John Floyd Vice-Chairman Miss lone Yancey Treasurer Miss Annie Crews Secretary Chairmen of Departments Food Production — Mrs. H. M. Shaw. Food Conservation — Mrs. J. D. Brooks. Red Cross — Mrs. Mary Delacroix. Child Welfare— Mis? Edna White. Liberty Loan — Mrs. Jonas Veasey. War Savings — Mrs. T. L. Booth. Safeguarding Moral and Spiritual Forces — Mrs. R. L. Brown. Registration — Mrs. R. G. Lassiter. Patriotic Community Music — Mrs. John Booth. ENON UNIT 1 Organized April 1, 1918 Officers Mrs. Or,ho Daniel Chairman Mrs. Elam Currin Vice-Chairi/nan Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan and War Savings — Mrs. D. C. Fra- zier; Mrs. Lem Knott, Vice-Chairman. Red Cross — Mrs. Titus Currin. Food Conservation — Mrs. Fred Currin. Food Production — Miss Eugenia Cannady. HESTER UNIT Organized April 19, 1918 Officers Miss Mamie Bullock Chairmayi Miss Camilla Pittard Vice-Chairman Mrs. Edgar Crews Secretary-Treasurer Chair7nen of Departments Liberty Loan — Miss Annie Fleming. War Savings — Miss Annie Fleming; Miss Fannie Fleming, Vice-Chairman. Red Cross — Mrs. Sam Parrott; Miss Rena Crews, Vice-ChairTnan. Food Conservation and Food Production — Mrs. Ernest Crews. STOVALL UNIT Officers Mrs. J. J. Davis Chairman Mrs. William Taylor Vice-Chairman Miss Lillie Wilkerson Secretary-Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Food Conservation and Food Production — Mrs. J. Lumpkins. Libertj* Loan and War Savings — Mrs. Brooks Davis and Miss Lillie Wilkinson. Education, Health and Child Welfare— Mrs. Wil- son. Safe-guarding and Red Cross — Mrs. W. S. White. WILTON UNIT Officers Mrs. J. W. Whitfield Chairman Mrs. Jimmie Gooch Vice-Chairman Miss Annie Moss Secretary Miss Addie Breedlove Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Food Production — Mrs. Otis Jenkins. Food Conservation — Mrs. Willie Gooch. Red Cross and Safe-guarding — Mrs. Tom Rogers. Liberty Loan and War Savings — Mrs. J. A. Mor- ris. CULBRETH UNIT Officers Mrs. Ed. Clement Chairman Chairmen of Departments Food Conservation and Production — Miss Alma Jones. Liberty Loan — Mrs. S. H. Jones. Red Cross — Mrs. Joe Currin. Health and Child Welfare— Mrs. W. T. Currin. Education — Miss Phillips. Y. W. C. A.— Miss Willie May Currin. PROVIDENCE UNIT Officers Mrs. W. L. Currin Chainnan Chairmen of Departm,ents Food Conservation and Production — Mrs. Susan Walters. Liberty Loan and War Savings — Mrs. Trim Aver- ett. Red Cross — Mrs. Will Kimball. KNAP OF REEDS UNIT Officers Miss Ella Hall Chairtnayi Miss Mamie Veasey Secretary-Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Food Conservation and production — Mrs. J. C. Walker. War Savings and Liberty Loan — Miss Rheda Um- stead. Safe-guarding — Mrs. J. E. Parker. Education and Child Welfare— Mrs. S. F. Bullock. Red Cross— Mrs. J. Ralph Weaver. 184 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR NORTHSIDE UNIT Ojflcers Mrs. C. M. Fleming Chairman Chairmen of Departments Food — Miss Helen Aiken. Red Cross— Miss Nannie Roycroft; Mrs. W. H. Fleming, Secretary-Treasurer. WEST OXFORD UNIT Officers Mrs. J. F. Duncan Chairman Chairmen of Departments Food, War Savings and Liberty Loan — Mrs. Kerney. Red Cross — Mrs. Lanier; Mrs. Lanier, Vice- Chairma)i; Miss Hunt, Secretary. KNOTT'S grove UNIT Crganized April 22, 1918 Officers Mrs. Sam Knott Chairman Mrs. John Dean V ice-Chairman Miss Inez Frazier Secretary-Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan and War Savings — Miss Nannie Pearl Knott; Mrs. A. S. Frazier, Vice-Chair- man. Red Cross — Mrs. A. S. Frazier. Food Conservation and Production — Miss Rosa Knott. Safe-guarding — Miss Lena Dean. CLARKE'S school UNIT Organized April 23, 1918 Officers Mrs. W. L. Clarke Chairman Mrs. R. A. Loyd Secretary-Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Food Conservation — Mrs. Eddie Wilkerson. Red Cross— Mrs. G. T. Pittard. Liberty Loan and War Savings — Miss Lonie Wil- kerson. SALEM UNIT Organized April 29, 1918 Officers Mrs. Eddie Hunt Chairman Miss Mattie Rice Secretary-Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan and War Savings— Miss Bessie Man- gum. Food Conservation and Food Production— Mrs. Filmore Adcock. Red Cross — Miss Eloise Crews. Safe-guarding— Mrs. Thad Parham. WILLIFORD SCHOOL UNIT Organized May 25, 1918 Officers Mrs. L. T. Williford Chairynan Chairmen of Departments Red Cross — Mrs. A. Williford. Food— Miss Mattie G. Daniel; Miss Lillie Mea- dows, V ice-Chairman. Liberty Loan and War Savings — Miss Daisy Wil- liford. Safe-guarding — Miss Jeannette Daniel. CREEDMOOR UNIT Offlicers Mrs. R. T. U. Winston Chairman Chairmen of Departments Red Cross— Mrs. C. W. York. Food Production and Conservation — Mrs. S. H. Rogers. BULLOCK UNIT Officers Mrs. Lex Norwood Chairman STEM UNIT Officers Mrs. P. R. Hardee Chairman Miss Ella Hall Secretary Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan — Mrs. Will Gooch. FISHING CREEK UNIT Officers Miss Hattie Harris Chairman Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan — Mrs. Hamlin Cheatham. BEREA UNIT Officers Miss Ida Fuller Chairman HOWARD UNIT Officers Miss Ethel Daniel Chairman An Expression of Regard from the Chairman of Granville County Division of the Woman's Committee of National Defense. To the Oxford Unit the council oives a great and lasting obligation, for by the leadership of the chairynan of this unit, Mrs. H. G. Cooper, the eyithusiastic support of all the departments was kept alive and active, ivith wonderfid results for service. Mrs. A. H. Poiuell. In order that certain outstanding ex- penses could be provided for, a committee composed of Mrs. Powell of the County- Unit, and Mrs. H. G. Cooper of the Oxford Unit, made an appeal to the County Com- missioners and secured the amount of fifty- dollars for the use of the council. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 185 Early in September, 1917, the first all- day get-together meeting was held in the Oxford graded school building. Stormy weather prevented a large attendance from the county, but those who came were en- thusiastic and anxious to be instructed as to what to do. They gathered in the audi- torium, where, by special arrangement, several out-of-town visitors were present to make addresses and answer questions — emphasizing the importance of food pro- duction — and giving instruction as to the many ways in which women could begin to economize. Mrs. J. R. Chamberlain, of Raleigh, spoke words of encouragement and helpfulness, explaining fully the purpose of the organization, and the work that women might accomplish when their efforts were united. Miss Jamison, of Raleigh, State Assistant in Home Demonstration Work, with all utensils, and material in place, made many practical demonstrations in preparing and cooking food from war recipes. Mr. A. G. Oliver, of the A. & E. College, Raleigh, gave an instructive talk on the care and raising of poultry. The county officers who were present spoke of the plans that had been outlined by them for the different departments of work, and dis- cussed the most practicable way to go about it. At the noon hour a basket luncheon was served. This being the first meeting of its kind in the history of the county the names of those who attended were regis- tered, to go on record, and are as follows : Mrs. A. H. Powell, Chairman Granville County W. C. N. D. Mrs. T. G. Currin, Vice-Chairman Granville Coun- ty W. C. N. D. Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Chairman Granville County Food Conservation. Mrs. Mary Delacroix, Chairman Home and For- eign Relief, Auxiliary to A. R.C., Oxford Unit. Mrs. H. G. Cooper, Chairman Oxford Unit W. C. N. D. Mrs. A. A. Hicks, Chairman Granville County Community Music. Mrs. H. M. Shaw, Chairman Food Production, Ox- ford Unit. Mrs. Louis Thorpe, Chairman Social Service, Ox- ford Unit. Mrs. C. D. Ray, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. S. H. Cannady, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. N. H. Cannady, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. T. L. Booth, Oxford, N. C. Miss Jeannette Biggs, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. E. P. Jeffreys, Oxford, N. C. Miss Myrtle Overton, Kittrell, N. C. Mrs. G. B. Phillips, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. J. M. Blalock, Oxford, N. C. Mr. J. F. Webb, Oxford, N. C. Dr. A. Sails, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. A. Sails, Oxford, N. C. Miss Grace Jean Sails, Oxford, N. C. Miss Helen Sails, Chairman Education, Granville County Unit. Miss Edna White, Chairman Child Wielfare, Ox- ford Unit. Mrs. M. F. Means, Oxford, N. C. Sue M. Kimball, Oxford, N. C. Julia Brent Hicks, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. B. E. Parham, Oxford, N. C. Myrtle Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Lizzie Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Millard Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Allene Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Mary Frances Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. Ed. Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. Miss Loyd Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. Miss Rosa Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. W. T. Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. Miss Lillian Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. Ethan Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. C. L. Floyd, Route 2, Kittrell, N. C. Miss Bertie L. Floyd, Route 2, Kittrell, N. C. Mr. A. L. Capehart, Oxford, N. C. Miss Margaret Capehart, Oxford, N. C. Miss Sophronia Cooper, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. S. H. Rogers, Creedmoor, N. C. Miss Rogers, Creedmoor, N. C. Mrs. Lyon, Creedmoor, N. C. Mrs. J. E. Harris, Creedmoor, N. C. Mrs. Ed. Clement, Culbreth, N. C. Mrs. Geo. Royster, Culbreth, N. C. Mrs. R. G. Lassiter, Chairman Reg'istration, Ox- ford Unit. Mrs. J. M. Currin, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. W. C. Tyree, Oxford, N. C. Daisy Cooper, Oxford, N. C. Williams Cooper, Oxford, N. C. Tom Booth, Oxford, N. C. William Howell, Jr., Oxford, N. C. Miss Mary E. Webb, Pianist, Oxford Unit. Mary Currin, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Ellie Currin, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Miss Ophelia O'Brien, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. S. S. Overton, Route 2, Kittrell, N. C. Miss Lois Overton, Route 2, Kittrell, N. C. H-R-22 186 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR W. S. Latta, Route 2, Kittrell, N. C. Mrs. D. G. Brummitt, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. H. O. Furman, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. Graham Roberts, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. T. Lanier, Oxford, N. C. Miss Nette Gregory, Oxford, N. C. Miss Jamison, Raleigh, N. C. Mrs. J. R. Chamberlain, Raleigh, N. C. Mr. A. G. Oliver, Raleigh, N. C. Rev. R. H. Willis, Oxford, N. C. Mr. B. K. Lassiter, Oxford, N. C. Mr. A. H. Powell, Oxford, N. C. March 15, 1918, a second all-day meet- ing was held. This was on a much more elaborate scale than the first meeting. The morning session was held in the armory, and was largely attended, more than 100 ladies were present from the town, and nearly every unit in the county was repre- sented by one or more members. Food con- servation and production were the first topics discussed. Mrs. A. L. Capehart, County Chairman of Food Conservation, presented Miss Jam- ison, of Raleigh, who gave the demonstra- tions in preparing meat and wheat substi- tutes, and Mrs. J. A. Morris, of the coun- ty, talked of food production. Both distri- buted literature on these subjects. A lun- cheon of meat and wheat substitutes, ar- ranged by the Oxford Unit, was then serv- ed to all present. The menu consisted of fruit salad, hard-boiled eggs with cream dressing, grated cheese, brown bread and coffee. In the afternoon a beautiful war pageant, with patriotic songs, was given at the graded school building, under the direction of Mrs. John Booth, Chairman of Music Department, Oxford Unit, Mrs. A. A. Hicks, Chairman of Music Department, County Unit, and Miss Allene Minor, of the State Normal College. In the evening Mrs. Palmer Jerman, State Vice-Chairman of Woman's Council •of National Defense, and Mrs. Thomas W. Bickett, wife of the Governor of North Carolina, addressed a large and enthusiastic audience in the auditorium of the graded school. In September, 1918, another important meeting of the Granville Council was held in the Oxford library, called by Mrs. Pow- ell, Chairman. Plans were announced for a Y. W. C. A. drive in the county, to be conducted by Miss Nette Gregory, who had agreed to act as chairman of that work. There being no money in the treasury for necessary expenses the County Chairman planned an evening's entertainment to be given in her own home, for which a small entrance fee was paid by the guests, and the sum of twenty-five dollars was raised. The program was an attractive one, made up largely of readings, rendered by Miss Grace Jean Sails. Miss Sails was assisted in her entertainment by Miss Londa Sham- burger, reader, and Miss Helen Royster, voice. Every woman in Oxford esteemed it a privilege, as well as a patriotic duty, to con- tribute her time and talent whenever op- portunity arose, toward furthering the work of any department of the home de- fense. The work of Miss May White, Chairman of the Campaign for Student Nurse Volun- teers, was commended. Those who had en- rolled for nursing were. Miss Esther Mit- chell, Miss Helen Sails, and Miss Helen Royster. Annie Brandon, a competent col- ored woman, also offered her service, and later did intelligent and efficient work, a- mong the people of her own race. Miss Es- ther Mitchell had received her notification to report at Camp Jackson for duty, and a letter of appreciation on behalf of the Coun- cil for her faithful service to that orga- nization was sent to her before her depar- ture. It was decided at this meeting that the Granville County Council arrange for exhibits at the forthcoming County Fair, representing the different phases of war work. At the appointed time for the fair four booths were arranged for exhibits, viz : Red Cross, Liberty Loan, Registration and Food Conservation ; these four repre- senting the line of work on which the State GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 187 Council had placed special stress as de- manding urgent attention. The Granville County Unit also offered premiums at all community fairs where exhibits should be made that would include all departments of the work of the council. Much work that otherwise would have been accomplished was interrupted by the wide-spread epidemic of influenza. For a period of six weeks all public schools, churches, picture theatres, clubs, and gath- erings of any nature, were closed by the health authorities. REPORT OF WAR WORK IN FOOD PRODUCTION AND FOOD CONSERVATION BY THE WOMEN OF GRANVILLE COUNTY Communicated by Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Chairman of Food Production and Food Conservation of Granville County, Woman's Committee of Council of National Defense. In the fall of 1917 an announcement was made by the U. S. Food Administration that in order to win the war an enormous increase in the amount of supplies shipped to our allies must be made. This could be accomplished in only two ways — by a care- ful saving of food in the homes and an in- crease in production. Plans were made by the U. S. Food Administration and the U, S. Department of Agriculture for a vigor^ ous nation-wide campaign for food produc- tion and food conservation. The women of the country were called upon to help put over this campaign. In Granville County the work among wo- men started early in the fall. Food conser- vation exhibits were made at the County Fair, in store windows and other public places. Food posters and food cards for membership in the Food Administration Service were widely distributed. The slo- gan, "Food will win the war," was made prominent everywhere. The four things desired for shipment were wheat flour, red meats, sugar and fats. In order that the women might be instructed in the use of substitutes for these, recipes and demon- strations were given at many places in the county by specialists from the Department of Agriculture and by many volunteer workers among the women of the county. Corn meal was the substitute most used but rice, potatoes, buckwheat and oatmeal were more largely used than ever before in the diet of our people. Wheatless and meat- less days, as requested by the Food Admin- istration, were very generally observed. Many people were reached through the schools. In fact, almost all of the schools of the county were visited by volunteer workers and specialists who talked on food production and food conservation and oth- er war activities. Gardening and poultry work was much increased in this way. In the spring w^hen there was a great scarcity of tin and it seemed likely that it would be impossible to secure containers for the fruits and vegetables that should be canned, the government made it possible for us to secure a car load of tin cans. These were shipped to us uncrated, 52,000 in number and were unloaded, counted, and delivered by school boys and girls who gave their services. A part of these were re- shipped to adjoining counties — Vance and I'erson. Special plantings were made by the housekeepers in their gardens with a view of filling these cans — some of whom did their own canning for the first time that season, and others who were so much occupied with other work that this was im- possible, employed canning club girls and others of experience to do their canning for them. Many cans of fruits and vege- tables were saved in this way. It is not definitely known how many canning out- fits were placed in homes, but we have a record of 64 that were placed that season,, and an approximate estimate of the number of containers filled as the result of emer- gency work in food production and conser- vation carried on to meet war conditions, is placed at 100,000 containers. In addi- tion to the canning in homes there was a good deal of canning done in community gatherings, notably that done by the Ox- ford Unit of the Council of National De- 188 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR lense. Hundreds of cans were filled by them from the gardens of Oxford and nearby localities that would otherwise have gone to waste. Our records show four or five thousand cans done by single individ- uals, who previous to this time had done only a few hundred. In compliance with a request from the Food Administration, a food survey was made in the homes of the county. Twenty- five families were selected in Stovall, Ox- ford and Creedmoor in which the house- keepers agreed to keep an accurate account of the food used and food stored in their liomes for a period of two weeks, giving the value of same according to prices in the local market. These records were collect- ed, tabulated and forwarded to the depart- ments in charge where they served their purpose in helping to determine what the food situation was. In the fall of 1918 preparations were made for a larger and more comprehensive exhibit at the community and county fairs. Special committees had this work well planned and under way at five places in the county, but owing to the influenza epidemic all fairs were called off and so the exhibit was not made. woman's war savings committee The following committee of women was appointed to promote the War Savings work in Granville County: Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Chairman, Oxford, N. C; Miss Willoree Calton, Roxboro, N. C. ; Mrs. Will Gooch, Stem, N. C. ; Mrs. Ed- ward Clement, Route 1, Oxford, N. C; Miss Lillie Wilkerson, Stovall, N. C. ; Mrs. T. L. Booth, Oxford, N. C; Miss Bessie Man- gum, Route 5, Oxford, N. C; Miss Eunice Crews, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. ; Mrs. J. A. Morris, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. ; Miss Hat- tie Harris, Route 3, Oxford, N. C. The chairman of this committee attend- ed the War Savings Institute that was held in Raleigh, February 10-12, 1918, under the direction of Col. F. H. Fries, State Di- rector of War Savings, for the purpose of getting information regarding the plan of work. Various women's clubs of the county were asked to make War Savings work a department of their organizations. A committee from the Woman's Club of Oxford made a canvass of the town for the sale of War Savings Stamps under the di- rection of Mrs. T. L. Booth. The work in other parts of the county was done mainly through the schools. There was no definite quota of the county's work assigned to wo- men, but it is a well-known fact that women and children invested largely in War Sav- ings Stamps. Oxford being the first and largest of all the county units organized, stood in the relation of big sister to the others, though all of them did effective work according to size and strength. Mrs. H. G. Cooper was Chairman of the Oxford Unit, and this body was now holding regular monthly meetings in the library. These meetings were opened with prayer, and conducted in an earnest spirit, with a conscientious desire on the part of each one present to do her full duty. Twelve months of war, with its atten- dant anxiety and unrest, had done its part for Oxford women toward enlarging the vision, and gaining new viewpoints — as to obligations to others, opportunity for ser- vice and self-denial and the reconsecration of self to God and His purpose. No call for service in any of the activities of the council was left unanswered. Prayer ser- vice for the soldiers was conducted each week in one of the churches — each service being arranged for, and its leader appoint- ed by Mrs. R. L. Brown who was Chairman of the Department for Safe-guarding of Moral and Spiritual Forces. These gather- ings were largely attended, helpful, and of much comfort. Women met together with hearts burdened with anxiety and sick with fear of what might be the outcome of the war, but they came away strengthened and comforted. The touch of a gentle hand, j the smile of a sympathetic friend, a few GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 189 words of cheer from a brave-hearted mo- ther-of-a-lad-across-the-sea, and, most of all, the renewed trust in God found on the altar of prayer, during that hour of ser- vice, were vital elements in the daily lives of the women in the homes, during the summer of 1918. Silent prayer at a given time was also a form observed daily among the people at this time. Six o'clock was the chosen hour in Oxford. And at the ring- ing of the bells heads were bowed in prayer for the space of four minutes, whether in the homes, on the streets, or in places of business. "MIZPAH" Each day when the curfew is tolling for prayer I silently steal apart, To hold communion with God — and with you — And kindle love's sacred fires anew, On the altar of my heart. I leave behind me all worry and care That may have been mine thi'o' the day, And I turn my face toward the East — and you — While my heart reaches out o'er the waters blue And enfolds you about, while I pray. "All's right with the world," in that blessed hour, And "God's in His Heaven," above — The wings of the morn in one hand holdeth He — With the other — the uttermost parts of the sea. And shall He not care for our love! But, oh, my beloved! 'tis you holds the key That unlocks the old prayer from my heart — "May the dear blessed Lord watch between me and thee — And guide you, and keep you, wherever you be, While we two are far apart." Food conservation was the all important topic at every meeting of the unit. Al- ready pledges had been m.,ade and meatless and wheatless days were being observed in the homes of the entire community. Sugar could be obtained only in very limited quan- I titles, but that was used sparingly. Re- freshments were discontinued at clubs, and all social gatherings. Many flower plots Vv^ere turned into vegetable gardens, and many gardens were enlarged to increase their usefulness. The great potato drive which swept the country found many cham- pions in the town and county. Mrs. Capehart, County Chairman of P'ood Conservation, suggested a novel way to advertise the Irish potato as a war food for home use, which was carried out in a clever window exhibit arranged by Mrs. J. D. Brooks, Oxford Chairman of Food Conservation, Mrs. Mary Cooper Evins and others. The "characters" were made of potatoes, wired into shape, and decked out in suits of khaki — all standing at at- tention in tableau. This was placed at a central location in the business section of town and attracted much notice. Numbers of women and girls were giv- ing assistance to the local board of exemp- tion in copying registration cards, and other clerical work. Mrs. R. G. Lassiter, Chairman of Registration, was directing that important department. She arranged for special places for registration and con- ducted drives for soliciting names, and pledges as to amount of time to be given by each one for service in emergency work. The Y. W. C. A. campaign, conducted by Miss Nette Gregory (in cooperation with the Y. M. C. A. work under the direction of Mr. R. H. Lewis), affected every unit in the county, and was productive of much good. Many friendly and cheerful letters were written to the soldiers in training camps, and also to the boys who had gone to France, by the Oxford women — most of whom had adopted a special soldier for a god-son, so that no boy need feel that he had been forgotten. Numerous magazines, newspapers, and books were sent out by god-mothers besides those collected and sent by the committees in the council. The Granville Division, under the direc- tion of Mrs. Powell, contributed five or six hundred desirable books for soldiers and sailors, during the week of the book cam- paign, which were sent to Camp Greene and Fort Caswell. Enthusiastic cooperation in the Liberty Bond drives was given the business men of Oxford by the women of town and county, under the chairmanship of Mrs. Candace 190 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Emmett-Brown and her assistant, Mrs. J. D. Brooks. Practically every man, woman and child in the county was given an op- portunity to subscribe to a bond. Money and food were the two things needful to carry on the war, and the women of the or- ganization who gave their time and talent toward getting these in hand Avere render- ing valuable service in their unit, as well as to the government. REPORT OF THIRD AND FOURTH LIBERTY LOAN DRIVES Communicated by Mrs. Candace Emmett-Brown, Chairman of Granville County Liberty Loan of the Woman's Committee of Council of Na- tional Defense. The strongest fact is that up until the third drive, and until the women came to the relief of the men's committee, Granville County did not meet her allotment. In this drive the women sold more bonds than the men, although they agreed to divide laurels and bonds. The county was divided into districts — each district having its own appointed chairman, with a committee working un- der her direction. The committees at Sto- vall and at Creedmoor did unusually effi- cient work. The fourth drive was handled more vig- orously by the men's committee, and the women were requested to work very quiet- ly until after their drive. For ten days the woman's committee, under the energetic management of Mrs. J. D. Brooks, served luncheon to the entire committee of Oxford men, and on the day before the drive serv- ed an elaborate dinner to the committee from all over the county. This was done to inspire interest and enthusiasm in the sale of Granville's allotment. The record was not so clearly kept during the sale of the fourth drive as the third, but in the beginning it was decided that both com- mittees were to work together. There were more small bonds sold dur- ing this drive as it was the request of the government to place them in the hands of as many people as possible. There were some large bonds sold also, the committee gaining confidence in themselves as they proceeded. The chairman had an established office for both drives, where the county women reported and literature was distributed. When the Liberty Loan drive came on the chairman was unavoidably absent, and Mrs. J. D. Brooks was appointed chairman of the Woman's Committee and did valiant service. The chairman was requested by Mrs. Mc- Adoo, National Chairman, to act as State Chairman for the Liberty Bond drive, but was compelled to decline the honor. On July 4, 1918, a patriotic demonstra- tion was featured by a parade, consisting of many floats, representing different de- partments of the work. This was arrang- ed on motor trucks, decorated for the pur- pose with flags, bunting and flowers. Sev- eral of the floats bore the community sing- ers who, under the chairmanship of Mrs. A. A. Hicks, sang patriotic and favorite war songs. After parading the principal streets of the town the singers repaired to the court house where a community song service was engaged in. The sweet, child- ish voices of the graded school children ad- ded greatly to the music ; the young girls dressed in white, with draperies of red, white and blue, making an attractive pic- ture. Soon after the Department of Music was added to the work of the National Council, the Granville County Division adopted it, in order that interest in community sing- ing might be stimulated. A number of communities organized choruses with the schools as centers. In Oxford the singers Vs'ere known as the "Liberty Chorus." Pa- triotic and other popular war songs were used, and wherever there was a public gathering, or any activity of a patriotic na- ture, the Liberty Chorus was there, adding greatly to the interest and pleasure of all concerned. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 191 It was not the intention of the Woman's Committee of the National Council, when organizing its working departments for war work, to form any organization for the purpose of meeting in competition with any already existing organizations. The Home and Foreign Relief Depart- ment was asked to cooperate with the Red Cross; all foreign relief work to be refer- red to that organization ; and all home re- lief work to be effected in cooperation with them, as the needs of the soldiers' families were brought to the attention of the de- partment. HOME AND FOREIGN RELIEF Communicated by Mrs. John Webb, Chairman of Home and Foreign Relief of the Gx'anville County Division, W. C. N. D. The Department of Home and Foreign Relief of the Woman's Committee of Na- tional Defense in Granville County was co- ordinated with Red Cross activities. The Chairman of the Extension Committee of Granville County Chapter of American Red Cross was also County Chairman of Home and Foreign Relief. Wherever a unit of Woman's Committee National De- fense was organized in Granville this spe- cial work was presented and a chairman of Home and Foreign Relief elected. In most places a Red Cross Auxiliary was the re- sult. The chairman of Home and Foreign Re- lief traveled more than 600 miles, and vis- ited 19 points in the county. Other places were visited by the committee, and the im- portance of this work stressed. There was a great work done by the wo- men in administering relief to those in need, at home, and a vast amount of sewing, knit- ting, etc., done for the men at the front. The names of places visited and their respective Chairmen of Home and Foreign Relief departments follow : Enon — Mrs. Titus Currin. Stovall— Mrs. W. S. White. Bullock— Mrs. J. G. Pittard. Stem — Miss Marie Stark. Creedmoor — Mrs. York. Northside — Miss Nannie Roycroft. Knap of Reeds — Mrs. E. J. Nance. Providence — Mrs. Will Kimball. Knott's Grove — Mrs. Alfred Frazier, Corinth — Mrs. F. A. Phipps. Wilton — Miss Annie Moss. Clarke's School— Mrs. T. G. Pittard. Browning — Mrs. J. L. Parham. Williford— Mrs. A. Williford. Mountain Creek — Mrs. Elliott. Grassy Creek — Mrs. S. W. Pittard. West Oxford — Mrs. D. F. Lanier. Hester — Mrs. Sam Parrott. Salem — Miss Eloise Crews. Culbreth— Mrs. Ed. Clement. Hester's Church — Miss Tazzie Dean. Oxford — Mrs. Delacroix. In September, 1918, when the Granville County Unit had been organized just twelve months it had received favorable comment from the State Council for being, not only among the first of all the coun- ty units to organize, but also for taking the lead in engaging in certain activities that were later adopted by other counties of the State. Among these were the following: Discontinuing refreshments, except for the wheatless and meatless kind, at all clubs and social gatherings. Holding prayer ser- vice for the soldiers. Distributing Testa- ments to soldiers. Holding all-day county meetings, with programs, demonstrations, etc. Organizing a Community Patriotic Music Department. Showing exhibits of defense work at county and community fairs. AN APPRECIATION This sketch of woman's work in Gran- ville County during the period of the great world war would not be complete without a word of appreciation in behalf of its chairman, Mrs. A. H. Powell, subscribed to by her co-workers of the Granville County Division. Mrs. Powell's record as a leader in com- munity work was established long before 192 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR this trying period of the county's history (1917-'18). Possessed of fine executive ability, pub- lic-spirited, generous to the faults of oth- ers and with an evenly-poised manner, so necessary to leadership in keeping the ma- chinery oiled and moving without friction, she has made for herself a record that is known and appreciated far beyond the boundary of her native State. Mrs. Powell organized the Oxford Wo- man's Club in 1906, at a time when wo- man's efforts in community work were rid- iculed by the majority and engineered it safely through the first trying years of its history, presiding over it with unfaltering courage through a period of ten years, or until it was recognized as one of the strong- est forces for good in the community. Since girlhood she has filled active and responsible positions in the work of her church, and in all public movements for the moral, social and aesthetic advance- ment of the community. It is small w^onder, then, that when the great body of State Council of National Defense met in the State's Capital to elect chairmen, with a view to having each coun- ty of the State organized into a separate division, or unit, to carry on the national defense work, that Mrs. Powell's name was mentioned as an organizer and leader of ability, and she was appointed temporary chairman for Granville County. In her efforts to "carry on" Mrs. Powell has brought to pass a tremendous amount of work ; and whatever of good was accom- plished by the Woman's Council of Nation- al Defense, during those strenuous months of 19 17-' 18, was largely due to her ability and splendid leadership. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 193 I W. T. YANCEY Banker Oxford, N. C. Chairman of First, Second, Third and Fourth Liberty Loans. Full quota sub- scribed. W. B. BALLOU Tobacconist Oxford, N. C. Chairman Victory Liberty Loan, quota subscribed. Full DAN A. COBLE Editor Oxford Public Ledger Oxford, N. C. Chairman Four-Minute Speakers Com- mittee. HENRY G. C6OPER Banker Oxford, N. C. Vice-Chairman Four-Minute Speakers Committee. 194 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR JUDGE W. A. DEVIN Judge Superior Court Oxford, N. C. Four-Minute Speaker. MAJ. A. A. HICKS Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Member Legal Advisory Board. Four- Minute Speaker. JOHN W. HESTER Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Four-Minute Speaker. T. LANIER Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Member Legal Advisory Board. Four- Minute Speaker. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 195 BENJAMIN K. LASSITER Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Member Legal Advisory Board. Four- Minute Speaker. GEN. BEVERLY S. ROYSTER Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Fuel Administrator. Four-Minute Speaker. See military record on page 112. BENJAMIN W. PARHAM Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Food Administrator. Four-Minute Speaker. Member Legal Advisory Board. THADDEUS GARLAND STEM Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Mayor of Oxford. Four-Minute Speak- er. See military record on page 114. 196 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR THE SOLDIER'S MOTHER When first that tender little form Lay helpless in my yearning arms, My being thrilled with ecstacy; I prayed to Thee so fervently To keep him safe from early harms; Dear God, — was it for this? And then when through the boyhood days, His eager feet found pathways new, When youthful careless ways he strayed, When mother's hand no longer led, I prayed that Thou would'st keep him true; Dear God, — was it for this? And then my lad grown tall and strong Looked deep into a maiden's eyes And vows were pledged for constancy. For honor called him far away. I plead that Thou would'st keep him pure; Dear God, — was it for this? Through lonely vigils of the night In years gone by in Galilee, Did Mary question why her Son Must die — and not some other one, To make "a safer world" for me, And say — "Was all for this?" "Yes, 'twas for this," the answer comes — The world must have such men today. Men, pure and true and strong to dare — 'Tis Mary's boy whose work they share. And whether they con^ back or stay. May we have faith and love to say, "Dear God, it was for this!" Kate Hays Fleming. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 197 HIS LAST NIGHT AT HOME Dream on, my little soldier son, While one last watch I keep. And gaze upon your dear, dear face, As you so gently sleep. I see your forehead, quiet, pure. With not a line to fret; I touch your cheeks as soft as down;— You're just a laddie yet. Hush, do not wake; it's just a kiss Upon your bright brown hair; Sweet eyelids, droop again in sleep; — To-night, no shade of care. My lovely boy, I glimpse you now In all your waking days, — Your crystal honor, whimsic wit. Your tender, courtly ways. High-hearted as the knights of old. My innocent young lad; Oh, may you play in this dread fight The part of Galahad! I gaze upon your dear, dear face. As you so gently sleep; To-morrow night the God we trust Will tender vigil keep. Helen Harriet Sails. 198 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR HOLD-FAST COLORS Talk er 'bout yer ole-time dye-stuffs, Colors deep what hoi's dey own; Dem whar's set wid salt, an' cop'rous, Vinnigy, or ra'al blue stone, — But, my honey, dey ain't in it. Gotta change dat little chune; Talk er 'bout dem rightchus colors. What comes nex' unto de moon, Dey's so dazzlin', bright, an' glo'ful, — Holdin' fas' ez sho's yer bo'n, Fru de storm, an' gale, an' thunder; Still dey's got dey brilliance on. What's dem colors? Quit yer foolin'! You is ign'ant ter be sho'; Why, I's talkin' 'bout Ole Glory, Wavin' jes' outside yer do'. Ain't she graceful in de breezes? Nigger, lemme git ma gun — I's plum crazy 'bout dem colors, What won't neber, neber run! Ellen H. M. Brooks. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 199 MY SERVICE FLAG By the one blue star in my service flag I have placed another today, And now in the window where all may see There are two — each one of them precious to me As I name them to God v^hen I pray. The first star reflects the face of my boy And I see there faith, hope, love and truth, And a heart all aflame with noble ideals And dreams of brave service that a good soldier feels — And the rose-colored visions of youth. But the other — oh, heart! shows tihe slip of a girl, So young, so tender and fair. There's a light in her eye, not of sea, nor of land — 'Tis a vision of faith in the touch of her hand, And the work she will do "over there!" Oh! God, bless this lad and this lassie of mine, Whose smile from those blue stars I see; May their faith in themselves and their faith in their God, Sustain them — e'en tho' they pass under the rod, And bring them back, safe home to me! Lucy Hays Furman. 200 GRANVILLE COUNTY TN THE WORLD WAR THE KNEELING CHILD "Why do you kneel to me, my child?" A lad in khaki said. "Because you came to us from God;" She drooped her curly head. "You think I fell from out the sky?" Half laughingly he cried. "The stars are in your flag, you know;" She gazed at him, grave-eyed. "Where is your mother, child?" he asked. "You're on the street alone." "I haven't any now," she said, In quite a simple tone. "Your father's fighting, I suppose?" "He was, sir, till this year." The lad in khaki gave salute, Perhaps to hide a tear. "You have some brothers, little one?" "One dead; two missing, sir." "No sisters?" — "Yes, America, We all belong to her." "My little sister!" — Tenderly He raised her in his arms. "The God of our America Keep you from further harms." Helen Harriet Sails. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 201 THE BOYS WHO WILL NEVER COME BACK We hail with joy the festive day, When khaki clad, in glad array. As honored victors from the fray. Our boys come marching home. W^e welcome back these laddies dear, With toast and feast, with song and cheer, And then we pause to drop a tear For those who'll never come. For some were left in Flanders' Field, Who never more an arm shall wield, Their country, flag, or home to shield From foul and fiendish foe. For them no long and loud hurrah, No toast or feast, but better far, No haunting memory of war Their hero hearts shall know. No lasting shock from gun or shell. No tale of horror can they tell. No blood-soaked sod where comrades fell. Disturbs their peaceful dream. This thought must soothe the aching breast, As home again come all the rest. Save those who stood the sacred test Of sacrifice supreme. Ellen H. M. Brooks. H-R-24 202 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR A TOAST TO COMPANY E Miss Ethel Hancock, Toast-Mistress Used at a complimentary dinner given by the young women of Oxford to tlie men soon after their return from France. Here's to the men of good Company E, To each sailor and brave marine; And here's to the men of the Infantry Who stood by the gun-machine. Did you think that the land of the long-leafed pine "Was worth the price that you paid When you shattered the strength of the Hindenburg Line And marched, facing death, unafraid? * H: ^: * * * * * And ah! we remember that some paid the price From the ranks of good Company E ; They willingly made the supreme sacrifice And will not return o'er the sea. So we shed loving tears, and offer a prayer And our sorrowful hearts ever yearn, When we think of the graves of our boys "Over There" And the dear ones who will not return. We will treasure their thoughts of mothers back home, Of sisters and sweethearts and wives Who inspired the splendid morale that was theirs And dearer to them than their lives. * * * * H: =|: * * Here's a health to your khaki and navy blue. To the chevrons and stripes that you wear. To the medals and badges to your honor due The D. S. and the Croix de Guerre. May you never be called to another war. Nor to "Shoulder Arms" — ever again — But stay in God's Country with those you love best. For ever and ever. Amen! Mrs. H. O. Furman. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 203 HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD BAPTIST CHURCH Rev. J. D. Harte, Pastor Bowling, Kilor S. Bryan, Henry Blount Buchanan, Dallas M. Cannady, Clyde Cannady, Dr. N. B. Carrington, James R. *Clark, Frederick L. Davis, Luther Ellington, Chester Carl Ellington, James M. Frazier, John E. Gooch, Clyde E. Gooch, J. Frank Gooch, Lee C. ' Gooch, Roland L. Grant, William J. ji Harte, Nelson Norfleet ' Howard, Ernest B. \ Howard, Royall D. I Ligon, Luther A. j. Mitchell, Miss Esther I Moore, Baldy S. j. Parham, A. Hood h Parham, Fred W. ' Peed, Fred L. i Peed, Hugh F. Robards, Wm. C. Royster, Beverly S., Jr. Royster, Royall H. Thomas, George N. Tunstall, George T. Walters, James J. Webb, William D. Wheeler, Guy T. Williford, William Roy ^Killed at battle of Bellicourt, France, September 29. 19J8. 204 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD GRADED SCHOOL Prof. G. B. Phillips, Superintendent Adcock, Willie B. Averette, Frank Averette, Leland Stanley Ballou, Edward B. Ballou, James W. Barnes, Albert Bobbitt, Compton Booth, James Bradsher. Francis S. Brown, Baxter Bryan, Henry Blount Bryan, William D., Jr. Buchanan, Dallas M. Bullock, Harvey R. Bullock, James Dudley Bullock, John H. Burnett, Zeb Callis, Marsh Cannady, Clyde Capehart. Ashbourne D. Carroll, Jesse B. Chappell, Edlar Chappell, William Cheatham, Leo Cooper, Elliott T. Cooper, Sol Currin, Hubert Currin, Sidney T. Davis, Luther Ellington, Chester Carl Ellington, James M. Ellington, Willie Emmett, John Morehead Fort, Robert K. Fur man, Frank Hays Gooch, Clyde E. Gooch, J. Frank Gooch, Roland Glenn, Eugene Glenn, Jack Glenn, Richard Grant, William J. Hale, Loomis Malcombe Hall, John G. Hanson, Robert Harris, G. Waverly Harris, Richard Hays, Miss Frances Hicks, Edward Hobgood, Thomas Garland Howard, Ernest B. Hunt, Ernest Hunt, George P. Hunt, Gordon Hunt, Kilgo Hunt, Raymond Johnson, Wilson Joyner, Horace Kinton, Robert Landis, Arthur Landis, Augustus Landis, William T. Landis, Hamlin Landis, Mark A. Lassiter, Joe D. Lewis, Francis Medford, John William Mitchell, John G. Moore, Baldy O'Brien, W. T. Osborn, Allen Pace, Thomas Pace, William Parham, A. Hood Parham, Fred W. Peed, Hugh F. Pender, Lee Pender, William Penny, Stanley Pinnix, Marshall K. Powell, William H. Ragland, Joe Rawlins, George Renn, Harry J. Robards, William Cornelius Roller, John Royster, Beverly S., Jr. Royster, Royall H. Sizemore, George Smith, Ben Smith, Kersey Spencer, Berkeley Spencer, Bernard Spencer, Thomas Stedman, John Taylor, Albert H. Taylor, C. Buxton Taylor, Charles A. ^Taylor, E. Winfield Taylor, Henry Lindsey Taylor, James A. Taylor, Joseph W. Taylor, Robert Kennon Thorp, Charlie Thorp, Louis, Jr. Turner, Lewis Turner, Richard Walters, James J. Walters, Sidney Webb, John G. Webb, William Wheeler, Guy T. Williams, John D. Williford. William Roy Wrenn, Dorsey Hester Yancey, Thornton ♦Killed at battle of Chateau Thierry, France, June 12, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 205 HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH Rev. R. C. Craven, Pastor Ballou, Edward B. Ballou, James W. Boddie, Sterling G. Bobbitt, W. N. Bradsher, Francis Bradsher, Jas. S., Jr. Bullock, Harvey R. Bullock, James Bullock, John H. Garden, R. W. Garroll, Jesse B. Grews, Eugene T. Fort, Ghas. D. H., Jr. Fort, Robert K. Fuller, Elbert E. Furman, Frank Hays Harris, G. Waverly Hays, Benj. K. Hays, Miss Frances Hunt, Geo. P. Hunt, Otis Kilgo Hunt, Raymond A. Medford, John William Mitchell, John G. Pace, Thomas G. Pace, William G. Parker, Emmett L. Peace, William G. Pendleton, Willie R. Reece, Chas. H. R. Renn, Harry J. Rountree, Moses Stem, Thaddeus G. Tyer, Wm. B. Wood, John M. Wrenn, Dorsey 206 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD ORPHANAGE R. L. Brown, Superintendent Barham, Robt. Lee Betts, Edgar Biggers, Miss Blandeno Black, Jasper Braxton, Jas. A. Braxton, Miss Mary J. Bridgers, William Broughton, Fitzhugh Bruton, Reginald K. *Capps, Calvin L. Capps, Carl Capps, Frank Carr, Charlie Casey, Miss Alice B. Chason, Dewey Cook, Clarence Cook, Connelly Daniel, George Dixon, Thomas Dixon, William Dudley, Cleon Edwards, Frank Ferguson, Rev. Robt. L. Freeman, Guy R. Gattis, Raymond Hall, Jas. E. Hall, Philip R. Hardesty, Grover Harmon, Reid Hartley, Donald Hartley, Leland Hellard, J. Wiley Holden, Isaac fHowell, Oliver Hudgins, J. Earl Hutchins, Miss Bessie Hutchins, Miss Effie Jackson, Rufus Jennette, Samuel Johnson, John D. Johnson, Julius C. Kellum, Leon Kelly, Herbert Knight, Earl Latham, Arthur L. Maynard, Clarence L, Medlin, Manly Medlin, Y. Leonard Morris, Roland Morton, Miss Lela Morton, Sanford B. Nobles, Ben Nobles, John Norman, Parks Neil, J. Frank Neil, W. Lee Nines, Alex. Oakes, Claud Owens, Rufus Pridgen, Daniel Rawles, Claud Rowland, Alex. Saintsing, Andrew Satterwhite, Robert Shepard, Walter G. Slagle, Latta R. Smith, Everett Smith, Henry Smith, Jesse Smith, Willie Spencer, John Wesley Stanley, Leon Stevens, W. Thomas Sykes, Cecil R. Teeter, Mark W. Tilley, George Tuttle, Hobart Waff, Frank Waff, Lonnie Walker, Roland Ward, Robert Warren, Carnegie Watts, Ernest West, Joshua Williford, Miss Sophia Williford, W. W. Woodard, Percy *Killed in action at Chateau Thierry, France, June 12. 1918. tKilled in action at Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 207 HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Rev. Stuart R. Oglesby, Jr., Pastor Blanchard, A. W. Bryan, Wm. D., Jr. Clement, Amos B. Clement, Jesse I. Cooper, James C. Emmett, J. Morehead Hand, Leroy C. *Hart, Ernest F. Harrison, Geo. R., Jr. Horner, James H. Smith, Ben T. Steag-all, James I. Stedman, John P. Taylor, James A. Webb, John Graham *Killed at Gordre Court, France, October 1, 1917. 208 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR HONOR ROLL OF ST. STEPHEN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH Rev. F. H. T. Horsfield, Pastor Booth, James L. Calvert, Richard C. M. Capehart, Ashbourne D. Cooper, Elliott T. Cooper, Henry G., Jr. Graham, Augustus W., Jr. Hall, John G., Jr. Hunt, Gordon Klingman, Edwin C. Landis, Arthur Landis, Augustus Landis, Hamlin Landis, Mark A. Landis, Thomas H. Landis, William T. Lassiter, Joe D. Pinnix, Marshall K. Powell, Chas. G. Powell, Wm. H. Taylor, Albert H. Taylor, Charles A. Taylor, C. Buxton *Taylor, E. Winfield Taylor, Henry A. Taylor, H. Lindsey Taylor, Robert Kennon Thorp, Louis, Jr. Wetmore, Hal S. Wetmore, Joel B. Williams, John D. ■^Killed at battle of Chateau Thierry, France, Juoe 12, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 209 Colored Soldiers of Granville County I (Contributed by Rev. G. C. Shaw) The rapid and ominous development of events in 1914-'15 indicated to every close observer the inevitable entering of Ameri- ca into the European War, When the fi- nal moment came and nev^s flashed over the country that the Rubicon had been crossed — that the patience and forbear- ance of our President had given way to stern action and America with her prodi- gious wealth and heterogenous population had declared war against Germany in the defense of World Democracy — our holy declaration, "Democracy for the World," electrified our allies, and gave to true Americans sinews of iron. The leashes of war were turned loose from North to South and from East to West. Every- where there was simultaneous effort and preparation. Our unpreparedness but re- vealed our miraculous ability to get pre- pared in an incredibly short time. In our nervous preparation we became suspicious of all hyphenated Americans. And many of the White Americans began to wonder, what would be the attitude of the Negro in the struggle? It did not take the Negro long to allay all suspicion concerning him, for wherever he was found he proved to be loyal and patriotic. This was especial- ly true of the colored people of Granville County; so much so that the author and publisher of this history has said he would consider it incomplete if something was not said about the colored soldiers and col- ored people of the county, whose patriot- ism and loyalty entitle them to abiding consideration. Among all the colored soldiers of the county drafted there was not a single slacker, and of the 288 sent to camps not one was reported as having done anything unworthy of a soldier. Many of them went overseas and were on the firing-line when the armistice was signed and acquitted themselves admirably. Among them were officers ranking as high as first lieutenants. Every organization among the Whites for work was duplicated among the Col- ored People. The War Savings Stamps committee traveled day and night during the drives, visiting every school district in the county and urging the people to stand by their country by giving their means and blood if necessary. As a result of these efforts the Colored People of Granville County bought more than $50,000 in War Savings Stamps and Liberty Bonds. Through their Red Cross Auxiliary they again showed their loyalty to the great cause. The women were constantly at work for the comfort of the boys who went overseas, as well as those who remained in camps on this side. They made and filled kits for the boys as they left for camp, and had one of their representa- tives to address each departing group urg- ing the soldiers to so live and conduct themselves that Granville County, their State and country would always feel proud of them. How well they did this history will tell. Whatever other weakness the colored man may have, when it comes to loyalty and patriotism he is 100 per cent, true. The war taught us a good many lessons from which, if we are wise, we will profit. It revealed our moral, intellectual and physical weakness. It taught us that a great many of our citizens who have en- joyed the protection of our Flag 100 per cent, were only 50 per cent, loyal when our very existence was threatened. And it taught us too, beyond a reasonable doubt, that fleecy locks and black complexions do not differentiate true Americans. Skins may differ, but the fires of patriot- ism burn in White and Black alike. 210 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR List of Men Inducted Into Service by Granville County Local Board [Colored] Allen, Esquire R 2, Oxford, N. C. Allen, Otho Oxford, N. C. Allen, Sam R 7, Oxford, N. C. Allen, Ulysses R 6, Oxford, N. C. Allen, William Herman Creedmoor, N. C. Alston, Cornelius R 2, Oxford, N. C. Amis, Charlie R 5, Oxford, N. C. Amis, Rufus R 5, Virgilina, Va. Austin, Will Hester, N. C. Autry, Grady West Point, Ga. Bailey, Willie Oxford, N. C. Bagby, Willie R 5, Virgilina, Va. Banks, Henry R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Baskerville, Henry Oxford, N. C. Black, Jasper R 4, Oxford, N. C. Blackwell, Bennie R 7, Oxford, N. C. Blackwell, Francis R 7, Oxford, N. C. Blackwell, Willie R 7, Oxford, N. C. Boone, Everett Oxford, N. C. Boone, Royal Tar River, N. C. Branch, George Clayton Oxford, N. C. Branch, James Edward R 7, Oxford, N. C. Branch, Willie R. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Bratcher, Wiley Creedmoor, N. C. Bridges, Hardie Oxford, N. C. Bridges, John Henry H. P. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Bridges, Thomas R 2, Oxford, N. C. Bridges, Thomas W. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Brodie, Lemuel R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Bi'odie, Richard I. R 2, Northside, N. C. Brown, Robert Durham, N. C. Bullock, Charlie L. Lyon, N. C. Bullock, John Clarksville, Va. Bullock, Reuben, Jr. Stem, N. C. Bullock, Tom Stem, N. C. Bullock, Wm. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Bullock, Zollie R 1, Clarksville, Va. Burnett, Ebb Hester, N. C. Burnett, Fletcher Tar River, N. C. Burton, Junius Oxford, N. C. Burton, Lee O. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Burwell, Augustus Oxford, N. C. Burwell, Ernest R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Burwell, Nazareth R 1, Hester, N. C. Burwell, Sidney Stovall, N. C. Chavis, Benj. P. F. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Chavis, Jesse R 1, Moriah, N. C. Chavis, John A. Oxford, N. C. Chavis, Luther R 4, Oxford, N. C. Cheatham, Carnel R 3, Oxford, N. C. Cheatham, Dorsey R 5, Oxford, N. C. Clark, Robert Oxford, N. C. Clayton, Green Stem, N. C. Cook, Roy Creedmoor, N. C. Cooper, Chester Oxford, N. C. Cooper, Roy R 5, Virgilina, Va. Cooper, Solomon Berea, N. C. Cousins, General Ransom Oxford, N. C. Cozart, James Creedmoor, N. C. Cozart, James R 2, Oxford, N. C. Cozart, Leland S. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Cozart, Thomas S. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Cozart, Wm. H. Creedmoor, N. C. Crews, Ike R 2, Kitfrell Crews, W. C. L. Oxford, N. C. Critcher, Percy Stovall, N. C. Crosby, James Bullock, N. C. Daniel, Archer R 7, Oxford, N. C. Daniel, James R 7, Oxford, N. C. Daniel, Nathan Bailey R 4, Oxford, N. C. Davis, Collie V. Hester, N. C. Day, Elmas Oxford, N. C. Downey, Jim Henry Stem, N. C. Downey, Lee Stem, N. C. Downey, Willie T. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Eaton, Clarence R 2, Oxford, N. C. Elexon, Daniel R 2, Oxford, N. C. Fleming, Willie Stem, N. C. Fuller, Freddie R 3, Oxford, N. C. Fuller, Otis Kittrell, N. C. Garner, Ernest Creedmoor, N. C. George, Eugene C. Oxford, N. C. Gooch, Joe R 4, Oxford, N. C. Gregory, Ward Oxford, N. C. Green, Eugene Gibson Oxford, N. C. Green, Henry Creedmoor, N. C. Green, James R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Green, Norman Stem, N. C. Green, Thomas R 1, Hester, N. C. Green, Ulie Lee R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Gregory, James E. Oxford, N. C. Grissom, David L. R 2, Youngsville, N. C. Hall, Aaron R 4, Oxford, N. C. Hall, Ceathis A. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Harris, Claude Oxford, N. C. Harris, John Oxford, N. C. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 211 Harris, Lonnie R 5, Oxford, N. C. Harris, Ollie Oxford, N. C. Harris, Robert R 1, Oxford, N. C. Hamme, Thomas A. Oxford, N. C. Harris, Willie Oxford, N. C. Harris, Wm. H. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Henderson, Albert Henderson, N. C. Henderson, John R 5, Oxford, N. C. Hester, Eli Oxford, N. C. Hester, Frank Kittrell, N. C. Hester, Seth H. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Hicks, Clarence E. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Hicks, John Stovall, N. C. Hicks, John S. Oxford, N. C. Hicks, Lee Herbert R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Hinton, Bruce Stem, N. C. Horner, Andrew Bahama, N. C. Horner, John Stem, N. C. Howard, Al Oxford, N. C. Howard, Leroy Oxford, N. C. Howard, Maud Oxford, N. C. Howard, Samuel Oxford, N. C. Howell, Cleveland Tar River, N. C. Howell, Jimmie R 3, Oxford, N. C. Hunt, John Oxford, N. C. Howell, John Oxford, N. C. Hunt, Daniel R 1, Hester, N. C. Hunt, John Anderson R 1, Oxford, N. C. Jeffers, Willie Stem, N. C. Jeffreys, Albert Tar River, N. C. Jeffries, James Edward Creedmoor, N. C. Johnson, Ed Stem, N. C. Johnson, Earley Stem, N. C. Johnson, Hampton Stovall, N. C. Jones, Alvis R 7, Oxford, N. C. Jones, Dock Stovall, N. C. Jones, Elijah Stem, N. C. Jones, Gus Oxford, N. C. Jones, Otis R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Jones, Parham Oxford, N. C. Jones, Samuel R 6, Oxford, N. C. Jones, Tarry Oxford, N. C. Jones, Thornton Virgilina, Va. Jones, William Stem, N. C. Jordon, Henry Oxford, N. C. Jordan, Wm. Powell Oxford, N. C. Kersey, Emmitt Stem, N. C. Lewis, Frank Edward Spring Hope, N. C. Lindsey, Joe H. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Lunsford, Arthur Lee Oxford, N. C. Lyon, Chester Stem, N. C. Lyon, Coi"nelius R 1, Berea, N. C. Lyon, Hughie Stem, N. C. Lyon, Jack Carl Wendell, N. C. Lyon, Graham Northside, N. C. Lyon, Lee Northside, N. C. Lyon, Otis Oxford, N. C. Lyon, Wade Northside, N. C. Lyon, Walker Northside, N. C. McAden, John M. Oxford, N. C. McGhee, Andrew J. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Mclver, Frederick Oxford, N. C. Marrow, David Oxford, N. C. Marrow, Haywood Oxford, N. C. Marrow, Solomon Bullock, N. C. Mayo, Plummer Oxford, N. C. Mangum, Robert Dolphus R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Martin, Wm. Oxford, N. C. Mitchell, Huly Lyon, N. C. Mitchell, Jones Will Wendell, N. C. Mitchell, Joseph E. Hester, N. C. Mitchell, Robert Stem, N. C. Mitchell, Robert Roy Creedmoor, N. C. Montague, Crawford Oxford, N. C. Moore, Clarence J. Creedmoor, N. C. Moore, Fred Stem, N. C. Moore, Ira Stem, N. C. Moore, James A. Stem, N. C. Morgan, Lorenzo Oxford, N. C. Moss, Walter R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Newton, James R 6, Oxford, N. C. Norman, John C. Oxford, N. C. Norwood, Sidney Stem, N. C. Nutall, Charles Stovall, N. C. Nutall, Haywood Stovall, N. C. Parish, Simon Franklinton, N. C. Parish, Wm. Hester, N. C. Parker, Alfred M. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Parker, Huly R 3, Oxford, N. C. Parker, Len R 1, Hester, N. C. Paschall, Willie Tar River, N. C. Peace, John Henry R 4, Oxford, N. C. Peace, Robert R 4, Oxford, N. C. Pettiford, Charles Oxford, N. C. Pettiford, Zetie R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Perry, Ras R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Perry, Rufus R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Perry, Sam Franklinton, N. C. Pool, Sam R 1, Virgilina, Va. Ragland, Minoras Dover, N. J. Richardson, George R 2, Oxford, N. C. Richardson, Junius E. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Ridley, John R 3, Oxford, N. C. Rogers, Earley Creedmoor, N. C. Rogers, John W. Stem, N. C. 212 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR Rogers, Joseph T. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Rogers, Sherman R 3, Creedmoor, N. C. Rogers, Walter G. R 2, Creedmoor, N, C. Rolling, John R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Royster, Cornelius R 7, Oxford, N. C. Royster, Frank C. Oxford, N. C. Royster, Hubert Oxford, N. C. Royster, Jesse R 5, Virgilina, Va. Royster, McKinley R 7, Oxford, N. C. Royster, Shepherd R 4, Oxford, N. C. Royster, Spurgeon R 2, Oxford, N. C. Royster, Thomas Oxford, N. C. Sanford, James R 7, Oxford, N. C. Sanford, Walter R 7, Oxford, N. C. Satterwhite, James R 1, Hester, N. C. Satterwhite, Jeff D. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Satterfield, Wm. H. R 1, Berea, N. C. Shanks, Sunny Hester, N. C. Shells, Dorsey R 3, Oxford, N. C. Shepherd, Marshall L. Oxford, N. C. Shclton, Eddie O. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Shelton, Robert 0. Oxford, N. C. Short, Caesar Stem, N. C. Skidmore, Thomas R 7, Oxford, N. C. Smith, Allen R 4, Oxford, N. C. Smith, Bowman Oxford, N. C. Smith, Chacie B. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Smith, Chester L. Oxford, N. C. Smith, Fred Lee Oxford, N. C. Smith, Jacob Esty R 5, Virgilina, Va. Smith, Joe Hargrove, N. C. Smith, Joseph S. P. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Smith, Roy Oxford, N. C. Speed, Charles Berea, N. C. Suit, Benjamin Oxford, N. C. Suit, Willie G. Stem, N. C. Talley, James R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Tanner, George R 6, Oxford, N. C. Tarry, Jack Stovall, N. C. Taylor, Edward Stovall, N. C. Taylor, Gabriel Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Gabriel Stovall, N. C. TayVr, James Spnvgeon Creedmoor, N. C. Taylor, Lenville Stovall, N. C. Taylor, Leonard A. Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Lexie Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Robert L. Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Wm. Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Wm. Henry, Jr. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Taylor, Willie R 7, Oxford, N. C. Teasley, Sam R 2, Youngsville, N. C. Teasley, Willie Oxford, N. C. Thomas, Ernest P. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Thomas, Lee L. Oxford, N. C. Thomasson, Lonnie Creedmoor, N. C. Thorpe, Daniel Oxford, N. C. Thorpe, James R 1, Oxford, N. C. Thorpe, Tom Stem, N. C. Throckmorton, Robert L. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Tilley, Wade Stem, N. C. Tinsley, Lee Andrew Oxford, N. C. Turrentine, Willie L. Stem, N. C. Tyler, John Oxford, N. C. Tyler, Joseph Samuel Oxford, N. C. Umstead, Hampton R 1, Nelson, Va. Washington, Tom Stovall, N. C. W^augh, Arthur Stem, N. C. Webb, Joe R 7, Oxford, N. C. Webb, John Stovall, N. C. White, Nathan R 1, Franklinton, N. C. White, Nelson R 1, Hester, N. C. Wilkerson, Lucius R 2, Virgilina, Va. Wilkerson, Stephen Berea, N. C. Wilkerson, Wm. McK. Oxford, N. C. Wilkins, Berry R 2, Virgilina, Va. Wilkins, James Moses R 2, Virgilina, Va. Williams, Percy C. Oxford, N. C. Williams, Ulah R 7, Oxford, N. C. Wilson, Leland R 7, Oxford, N. C. Wood, Moses N. Berea, N. C. Woods, Willie Hester, N. C. Wright, James R 2, Youngsville, N. C. Wyche, Geo. W. Oxford, N. C. Young, Henry R 1, Oxford, N. C. Young, Isaac Oxford, N. C. Young Merriman R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Young, Robert R 1, Franklinton, N. C. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 213 INDEX PAGE America 2 A Shot in the Balkans Set the World Aflame 3 A Toast to Company E 202 Boys Who Will Never Come Back, the 201 British Military Cross 130 Chairman of Liberty Loans 193 Colored Soldiers of Granville County 209 Conquest of the Cootie, the 92 Distinguished Service Cross 129 E Company, 120th Infantry: Battles 37 On His Majesty's Service 80 Places stationed at 37 Record of 37 Roster of enlisted men 40 Roster of officers 38 Examining Physicians to Granville County Local Board 137 Food Administrator 195 Four-Minute Speakers Committee 193 Fuel Administrator 195 Fury of Battle Leaves its Mark, the 127 Granville County Chapter, American Red Cross (Illustrated) 165 Committees 168 Conservation Committee 172 Canteen and Camp Activities 174 Delegates and Visitors to Red Cross Conference 166 Directors of Work and Buying 171 Disbursements 176 Extension 168 Finance 170 First Aid 173 General Supplies 172 Home Service 173 Junior Red Cross, the 175 Lectures 176 Membership 168 Packing Committee 172 Receipts 175 Special Committee for Linen for Hos- pitals 172 Summary of Output 175 Surgical Dressings 173 Tobacco Sales 171 Ways and Means 171 Granville County Division Council of Na- tional Defense 181 An Appreciation 191 Departments Adopted by Granville County Division 182 PACE Granville County Division Council of Na- tional Defense — Cont'd. Granville County Units: Berea 184 Bullock 184 Clarke's School 184 Creedmoor 184 Culbreth 183 Enon 183 Fishing Creek 184 Hester 183 Howard 184 Knap of Reeds 183 Knott's Grove 184 Northside 184 Oxford 183 Providence 183 Salem , !_ 184 Stem 184 Stovall 183 West Oxford 184 Williford School 184 Wilton 183 Home and Foreign Relief 191 Letter of Commendation from President Wilson 181 Mizpah 189 Officers 182 Report of Third and Fourth Liberty Loan Drives 190 Report of War Work in Food Production 187 Woman's War Savings Committee 188 His Last Night At Home 197 Historical Dates in the World War 155 Hold-fast Colors 198 Honor Roll of Oxford Baptist Church 203 Honor Roll of Oxford Graded School 204 Honor Roll of Oxford M. E. Church, South 203 Honor Roll of Oxford Orphanage 206 Honor Roll of Oxford Presbyterian Church 207 Honor Roll of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church 208 If You Want to See Me Grin 128 Illustrations of Granville County men who made the Supreme Sacrifice 132 Legal Advisory Board 194 Legion of Honor Medal 130 List of Men Inducted into Service by Gran- ville County Local Board (Col- ored) 210 List of Men Inducted into Service by Gran- ville County Local Board (White) 138 Local Board of Granville County 135 214 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR PAGE PAGE My Service Flag 199 Records of Granville County Registered Red Off at Dawn for a Trip Over the Lines 16 Cross Nurses (Illustrated) 179 Pershing's Men Did the Work but the Navy Red Cross Surgical Dressing Class 173 Put 'Em There 14-> Sir Douglas Haig's Tribute 88 President Wilson's War Message to Congress 17 Soldier's Mother, the 196 Ready for Duty 1^" The Kneeling Child 200 Records of Granville County Men in the Ar- Thirtieth Division, the 74 my. Alphabetically Arranged _-- 39 To the Memory of Our Honored Dead 131 Records of Granville County Men in the Who Broke the Hindenburg Line? 90 Navy, Alphabetically Arranged _- 148 H65 89 ~4iii I ■■"■'f '^o r Vt r . ^O ♦-, ^ V "°^. .^^ .< ^ . 9^.*L'J^ ^v ^.„ <^^ '... '^^ '•• * -<^ ,•• *^ *»i^' A©^ '••- '^ -iN^ j^». ~^.a>n n- :^ * w