Class Book. ^-C)-VU J^^ la-yb CojpghtN". COPyRIGHT DEPOSIT Manual of Corn Judging By ARCHIBALD DIXON SHAMEL l^rrnnb Sblttctt NEW YORK ORANGE JUDD COMPANY 52 LAFAYETTE PLACE 1903 Mx?6' THE LIBRARY Of CONGRESS, Tv»o CtoPtcF RsceivES CLARS ou XXS|£«t«^t;:Sf t^«> : m f«:,iiii|iilit5Pi*' i ^ ..-**^aHStSliliiSiliii»fc&ia »WWHW«SaS 3S33Jg«3S3SfS:J^M CORN JUDGING 15 be taken into account in the preparation of a score card interfere with the results and frequently cause a wrong decision, e. g., with the uniformity of exhibit. In other words, there are no absolute rules which can be laid down by which samples of corn can be properly judged. The judgment of the person who is comparing the sam- ples must enter into the score, and his experience guide him in marking each point in the score card. In exhibits of corn ten ears usually constitute a sample. This number makes it possible to get a fair idea of the general uniformity of the race, and at the same time it offers a convenient number for the neces- sary calculations in the scoring of the samples. How- ever, the number of ears is a matter which must be decided by the judges, and will necessarily vary under certain conditions. Other things being equal, a large number of ears is better than a small number. Of course exceptions must be made for exhibits of best individual ears and other cases, in which event the sample is scored in the same manner as an exhibit of ten ears, and the total score multiplied by ten in order to have all the scores on a uniform basis. Where one hundred ears, more or less, are presented as a sample, it will be found to be most convenient to take out ten ears, say every tenth ear, and judge this sample for all of the points except uniformity and other general characteristics where the entire sample may be taken into consideration. In selecting corn for an exhibit great care should be taken that the individual ears are not injured in any way. By carelessly dropping an ear part of the kernels may be shelled off or mutilated. This will inter- fere in determining the per cent of com in the ear, and leave doubt as to the purity of the color of the grains. The judge may take into account the actual condition of the sample, so that every missing grain or injury will reduce the total score. During the process of judging 16 MANUAL OF CORN JUDGING 17 the ears should be handled as little as possible consistent with a careful examination of all points. The ears should always be laid down in the same order as taken up, and in such manner that the ears will not be injured in any way. In no case is it necessary to twist or break the ears, in this way injuring them for future examina- tion. All of these points are matters of training and experience, and all judges should be required to show evidence of a course of training in this work which fits them for their duties. In judging corn it is necessary to expedite matters as much as possible. All unnecessary moves must be left out. The eye must be trained to accurately judge any one point at first examination. Ten minutes is long enough to judge all points in a sample, except shelling representative ears to determine the per cent of corn on the ear. In order to make a close and accurate comparative study, it is advisable to lay all of the samples in any one class side by side on some convenient table. This table should be of convenient hight for working easily and without strain. The light should fall evenly over the entire exhibit, and it is absolutely necessary to have a strong light. Much of the difference in color of kernels can only be detected by the closest observation in the best possible light. In all cases a good light must fall on the tips of the ears, and the judging table should be arranged so that one can easily and quickly examine the tips and butts of ears by bending over the table. Classification- The samples of corn in exhibits are usually entered under some general system of classification. This method has been necessary from the fact that distinct races have not been recognized by growers or breeders. In other words, there has been no uniform basis for a classi- 18 MANUAL OF CORN JUDGING 19 fication of the samples. With the advent of the state com breeders' and growers' associations the matter of pure bred races of corn has been emphasized, and it has become possible to distinguish between the diilerent races represented in the general exhibits of corn. For instance, the Illinois Seed Corn Breeders' association recognizes seven distinct races, viz: (White) Boone County White, Silvermine, White Superior, and (Yellow) Learning, Reid's Yellow Dent, Biley's Favorite and Golden Eagle. Other races are being developed in this state by the corn breeders, and other states naturally possess different races than those grown in Illinois. In order to stimulate this practice of growing standard races, it is advisable to arrange the premium list with that end in view. It should be the duty of every officer having in charge exhibits of corn to become familiar with the work of the com breeders' and corn growers' associations of his state and arrange his premium list on the basis recom- mended by these organizations. Necessarily the premium lists will vary with different sections of any state, and particularly as between different states, but the prin- ciple underlying their arrangement holds true under all conditions. In every case the object of com exhibits is to benefit the interests of corn, therefore the premium lists should be carefully arranged so that the final result of this work will be a permanent benefit to the com growing interests. Outline for Premium List The greatest cause of confusion in the development of pure bred races of corn arises from differences in ideas as to the characteristics of any race among breed- ers and growers. A comparison of typical samples of the different races of corn in exhibits is probably one of the most effective means of disseminating information in regard to the characteristics of any race. This is 20 MANUAL OF CORN JUDGING 21 particularly true if the exhibit is so arranged that a comparison of samples belonging to different races can be easily made. It follows, therefore, that the outline of the premium list should be such as to assist in bringing the samples together in such manner that will permit of study by growers and visitors who inspect the exhibit. In order to assist the officers of shows, fairs and other places where corn is exhibited, the following brief outline for a premium list is given : Class A Prizes for best samples of 10 ears of standard varieties of white corn. 1st premium, $5.00 ; 2nd, $3.00 ; 3rd, $1.00. Lot 1. Boone County White. Lot 2. Silvermine. Lot 3. White Superior. Lot 4. Other Varieties. Class B Prizes for best samples of 10 ears of standard varieties of yellow corn. 1st premium, $5.00 ; 2nd, $3.00 ; 3rd, $1.00. Lot 1. Learning. Lot 2. Eeid's Yellow Dent. Lot 3. Golden Eagle. Lot 4. Riley's Favorite. Lot 5. Other Varieties. Class C Prizes for best samples of 10 ears of mixed varieties. 1st premium, $5.00 ; 2nd, $3.00 ; 3rd, $1.00. Lot 1. Early. Lot 2. Medium. Lot 3. Late. 22 manual op Class D Prizes for best bushels of corn. 1st premium, $25.00; 2nd, $15.00; 3rd, $10.00. Lot 1. White. Lot 2. Yellow. Lot 3. Mixed. Class E Prizes for best ears of corn. 1st premium, $1.00; 2nd, $.50 ; 3rd, $.25. Lot 1. Boone County White. Lot 2. Silvermine. Lot 3. White Superior. Lot 4. Learning. Lot 5. Eeid's Yellow Dent. Lot 6. Kiley's Favorite. Lot Y. Golden Eagle. Lot 8. Other Varieties. Class E Prizes for best samples of 10 ears of varieties of sweet corn. Class G Prizes for best samples of 10 ears of varieties of pop corn. Class H Prizes for best samples of 10 ears of any varieties of dent corn. 4 CORN JUDGING S3 Class I. Special Premiums Under this head, and further classes, special premiums for particular purposes may be offered. Rules Governing Exhibits 1. Only one entry can be made by an exhibitor in any class. 2. An exhibitor is barred from exhibiting in more than three classes. 3. The samples of corn must have been grown by the exhibitor during the summer immediately preceding the exhibition. 4. The samples must not be treated unfairly by taking out poor and mixed or otherwise injured kernels and replacing them by good ones, but groomingj of the ears in such manner as to allow of the best possible natural presentation is strongly recommended. Any unfair or ''tricky" occurrences bar the exhibitor from all entries and all privileges of the exhibition. 5. Corn for exhibition must be delivered to the ex- hibit committee three days before the opening of the exhibition, carefully labeled with the name of the exhibitor, date, address, lot and class under which the sample is to be exhibited. This label should be pasted conspicuously on the outside of the package in which the sample is sent and tied on at least one of the ears of the sample. 6. The exhibits are all subject to all necessary handling by the judges, but remain the property of the exhibitor and may be secure'l by him immediately after the exhibit is closed and awp.r'^.s m^de. 7. No profession -^1 c^rn breeder, seed dealer or expert judge will be allowed to exhibit, except in classes specially arranged for them. 24: MANUAL OF CORN JUDGING 25 8. Exhibits must be sent with all charges prepaid. 9. Competition open to state in all classes. 10. Lot 1, class A, and lot 1, class B, and class I open to competition of the world. 11. All exhibits are to be judged by expert judges holding certificates as such, and according to the score cards and standards of perfection adopted by the State Corn Growers association. The above outline for premium lists and rules govern- ing exhibits are simply suggestions embodying the prin- ciples underlying successful exhibitions of corn. It will be found necessary in every case to adapt the premium lists and rules to local conditions and circumstances. Standards of Perfection By standards of perfection is meant the types which breeders and growers recognize as the best and most desir- able, and to which every effort is directed in bringing up the individuals of the races. Standards must be devel- oped in the case of new races, and old standards changed during the process of the improvement of the established races. In order to aid in the development of these stand- ards, the following table of standards of perfection for the established races is presented : f6 MANUAL OF Name op Variety Dent 12&" Riley's Favor- ite Leam- ing Boone County White Silver- mine White Superior Eai:- Shape . . slowly tapering slowly tapering slowly tapering tapering Si cylin- drical slowly tapering Length . Circum- ference 10 in. 9 in. 9 in. 10 in. 10 in. 9 in. 10 in. Tin. 7 in. Tin. Tin. T.5 in. Tin. Tin. Kkrnel— Condition firm upright loose upright firm upright firm upright firm upright firm upright firm upright Color. . . light yellow deep yellow deep yellow deep yeUow pearl white cream white starch white Indenta- tion . . . medium smooth very rough rough rough rough rough medium rough Shape . . long wedge broad wedge medium wedge medium wedge medium wedge broad wedge very broad wedge Rows- Number . 18-24 16-20 16-20 16-24 16-22 16-20 18-20 Space . . Arrange- ment . . narrow medium medium medium medium narrow medium pairs distinct pairs pairs pairs pairs pairs Butt— Filling out . . . deeply rounded com- pressed moder- ately , rounded com- pressed moder- ately rounded com- pressed moder- ately rounded com- pressed exp'nd'd moder- ately rounded com- pressed moder- rounded shallow rounded de- ^ pressed ''^r^mng out . . . regular rows of kernels regular rows of kernels regular rows of kernels irregular rows of kernels regular rows of kernels regular rows of kernels regular rows of kernels SHANK— Size . . . small small small medium medium small medium "°s!S... medium small small medium medium small medium Color. . . deep red deep red deep red deep red white white white Per Cent OF Corn 88 90 90 88 86 90 88 Score Cards In view of the fact that the different states have adopted and use different score cards, owing to well recognized differences in soil, climate and other condi- tions of production, it will be necessary to present the score cards adopted by each state separately. corn judging ^' Iowa Score Card and Eules for Judging PERFECT POINTS SCORE 1 Trueness to type or breed characteris- tics 10 2 Shape of ears 10 3 Color— a Grain 5 6 Cob 5 4 Market condition 10 5 Tips 5 6 Butts 5 7 Kernels— a Uniformity 10 & Shape 5 8 Length of ears. 10 9 Circumference o f ear* 5 10 Space— a Furro w s be- tween rows 5 & Space between kernels at cob.. 5 11 Proportion of grain to cob 10 EXPLANATION The ten ears of the sainple should possess similar or like characteristics and should De true to the variety which they represent. , ,, The shape of the ear should conform to variety type taper- ing slightly from butt to tip, but approaching the cylindrical. Color of grain should be true to variety and free from mix- ture White corn should have white cobs, yellow corn red cobs. The ears should be sound, firm, well matured and free from mold, rot or insect injuries. The tips of the ears should not be too tapering and should be well filled with regular, uniform kernels. The rows of kernels should extend in regular order over the butt, leaving a deep impression when the shank is removed. Open and swelled butts are ob- jectionable. The kernels should be uniform in shape, size and color, and true to the variety type. The kernels should be so shaped that their edges touch from tip to crown. The tip portion of the kernel is the richest in protein and oil, and hence of the high- est feeding value. For this rea- son the tip portion should be full and plump. Northern section 8l^ to 9l^ inches, central section 8% to 9% inches, southern section 9 to 10 inches. Long ears are objection- able because they usually have poor butts and tips, broad, shal- low kernels, and hence a low percentage of corn to cob. Northern section QV2 to ' 7 inches, central section 6% to IV^ inches, southern section 7 to 7l^ inches. The furrow between the rows of kernels should be sm^U. Space between kernels near the cob is very objectionable. The proportion of corn to cob is determined by weight, depth of kernels, size of cob and ma- turity all affect the proportion. MANUAL OF CORN JUDGING 29 KULES 1. Length of Ear — The deficiency and excess in length of all ears not conforming to the standard shall be added together, and for every inch thus obtained a cut of one point shall be made. 2. Circumference of Ear — The deficiency and excess in circumference of all ears not conforming to the stand- ard shall be added together, and for every two inches thus obtained a cut of one point shall be made. Measure the circumference at one-third the distance from the butt to the tip of the ear. 3. Proportion of Corn to Coh — Per cent of corn should be from 86 to 87. In determining the proportion of corn to cob, weigh and shell every alternate ear in the exhibit. Weigh the cobs and subtract from weight of ears, giving weight of corn. Divide the weight of corn by total weight of ears, which will give the per cent of corn. For each per cent short of standard one and one-half points shall be made. 4. In judging corn, a red cob in white corn, or a white cob in yellow corn shall be cut at least two points. For one or two mixed kernels a cut of one-fourth point, for four or more mixed kernels a cut of one-half point shall be made. Kernels missing from the ear shall be counted as mixed. Difference in shade or color, as light or dark red, white or cream color, must be scored according to variety characteristics. 5. Scorifig Tips — ^Where the full diameter of the cob is exposed a cut of one point shall be made and a pro- portionate cut as the cob is less exposed. Kegularity of the rows near the tip and the shape and size of the kernels must also be considered in scoring tips, 6. Scoring Butts — ^If the kernels are uniform in size and extend over the butt in regular order give full mark- ing. Small and compressed or enlarged or open butts are 30 MANUAL OF CORN JUDG:::a 31 objectionable, as are also those with flat, smooth, short kernels, and must be cut according to the judgment of the scorer. 7. -Each exhibit should consist of ten ears of corn. Indiana Score Card POINTS 1 Uniformity of exhibit 10 2 Shape of ears 5 3 Color of ears.... 10 4 Market condition 5 5 Tips of ears 10 6 Butts of ears 5 7 Uniformity of kernels 5 8 Shape of kernels.... 5 9 Length of ears 10 10 Circumference of ears 5 11 Space between rows 10 12 Per cent of corn £0 Total lO"^ A perfect ear of corn should be from 10 to 12 inches long and 7^/^ to 8 inches in circumference. The ear should yield 88 per cent of grain. The ear should taper but slightly, approaching the cylindrical to near the point. It should be well filled out at both ends, with straight rows of wedge-shaped grains. Disqualifications: Red cobs in white corn; white cobs in yellow com. REASONS 32 MANUAL OF NOT UNIFORM— 333 TOO SHORT, 334 TOO LONG, 335 VERY ROUGH corn judging Nebraska Score Card 33 PERFECT POINTS SCORE 1 Uniformity - 5 2 Trueness to type 10 3 Shape 5 4 Color 10 5 Market condition — 5 6 Tips 7 Butts Kernel shape. 10 Length of ear. 10 8 Kernel uniformity.,. 5 10 11 Circumference of ear. 5 EXPLANATION Each exhibit should consist of 10 ears. All of the ears in an exhibit should be uniform in size, shape, color and indenta- tion. Cut each off ear .5 point. All the ears in the exhibit should be true to the type and variety which they represent. Cut each off ear 1 point. The shape of the ear should conform to the variety of the type. Cut each off ear .5 pomt. The color of grain should be true to variety and free from mixture. White corn should have white cobs and yellow corn red cobs. For one mixed kernel on an ear cut .25 point; for two or three, cut .5 point; for four or five, cut .75 point; for more than five, cut 1 point. The ears should be well ma- tured, firm and sound. Cut .5 point for each immature or un- sound ear. The tips of the ears should not be too tapering and should be well filled with regular, uni- form kernels. Cut 1 point for each tip exposed one inch; for less exposures and irregulari- ties, cut in proportion. The rows of kernels should be even and swell out evenly be- yond the end of the cob. Cut .5 point for each poorly filled butt. For other irregularities, cut from 1 to 3 points. The kernels should possess like characteristics and be true to variety type. Cut .5 point for each off ear. The kernels should be so shaped that their edges touch from tip to crown. Cut .5 point for each poorly shaped pair. The length should conform to the standard for the variety. Add together the deficiencies and excesses in length, and for each inch so obtained cut the exhibit 1 point. Measure from one-third the distance from butt to tip and for each two inches of the sum of the deficiencies and excesses cut the exhibft 1 point. 34 MANUAL OF SLOPE OF EARS — CHARACTERISTICALLY UNDESIRABLE SLOPES corn judging 35 Nebraska Score Card — Continued PERFECT POINTS SCORE EXPLANATION 12 Space 5 The rows of kernels should be close together from tip to crown. Cut .5 point for each ear hav- ing spaces between rows over l-16th of an inch; for spaces over l-32d inch, cut .25 point. 13 Proportion of corn to Determined by shelling and cob 20 weighing half of the ears in the exhibit. For every per cent be- low the standard for the variety, cut 2 poipts. REASONS Kansas Score Card PERFECT POINTS SCORE EXPLANATION 1 Uniformity of ex- Uniform type, size, shape, hibit 10 color and indentation. 2 Shape of ears 5 Cylindrical, straight rows, pro- portional length to circumfer- ence. 3 Color of ears 10 White kernels, white cob; yel- low kernels, red cob. 4 Market condition.... 5 Soundness, freedom from in- jury, maturity. 5 Tips of ears 10 Filled out with regular sized kernels. 6 Butts of ears 5 Kernels swelled out about _ _ shank regularly. 7 Uniformity of ker- Uniform type, shape, color, nels 5 etc. 8 Shape of kernels 5 Wedge shaped, straight edges. 9 Length of ears 10 Conformity to standard. 10 Circumference o f Conformity to standard. ears 5 11 Space between rows. 10 Furrows between rows of ker- nels narrow. 12 Per cent of corn 20 Conformity to standard. Total 100 reasons 36 MANUAL OF UNIFORM EARS — THE TYPE, SLOPE, COLOR AND INDENTATION ARE UNIFORM corn judging 3^ Illinois Score Card POINTS 1 TJniformity — a Trueness to type 5 6 Uniformity of ex- hibit 5 2 Shape of ear 5 3 Color 10 4 Market condition 10 5 Tips 10 6 Butts 5 7 Kernel uniformity 5 8 Kernel shape 5 9 Length 10 10 Circumference 5 11 Space— o Between rows 5 6 Between kernels at cob 5 12 Proportion corn to cob 15 Total 100 EuLES TO BE Used in Judging i. The deficiency and excess in length of all ears not conforming to the standard for the variety shall be added together, and for every inch thus obtained a cut of one point shall be made. In determining the leng'th, measure from the extreme tip to the extreme butt. The standard of length for the early maturing varieties shall be 9 to 10 inches. For the medium and late varieties 10 to 11 inches in length. 2. The deficiency and excess in circumference of all ears not conforming to the standard of variety shall be added together, and for every two inches thus obtained a cut of one point shall be made. Measure the circum- ference at one-third the distance from the butt to the tip of the ear. The standard of circumference for early varieties shall be Y to 7.5 inches. For medium and late varieties Y.5 to 8 inches in circumference. 3. In determining the proportion of corn to cob, weigh every alternate ear in the exhibit. Shell and weigh the cobs and subtract from weight of ears, giving the weight 28 MANUAL OP SLOPE OF EARS — 101 CYLrNDRICAL, 102 PARTLY CYLINDRICAL^ 103 VERY TAPERING. YELLOAV RACE CORN JUDGINQ 39 of corn. Divide the weight of corn by total weight of ears, giving the per cent of corn. For each per cent short of standard for the variety a one point cut shall be made. 4. In judging color, a red cob in white corn, or a white cob in yellow corn, shall be cut ten points. For one or two mixed kernels a cut of one-fourth point ; for three or four mixed kernels a cut of one-half point ; for five mixed kernels, a three-fourths point cut, or for six or more mixed kernels, a one point cut shall be made. Kernels missing from the ear shall be counted as mixed. Difference in shade of color, as light or dark red, white or cream color, must be scored according to variety characteristics. 5. The furrows or angle between the top of the rows of kernels is the space between rows. The space between kernels on cob is determined by shelling off part of the kernels at middle of ear and noting whether kernels are pointed, leaving spaces between kernels, or moderately wedge-shaped and close fitting. STUDY OF CHAKACTEEISTICS In order to become accustomed to the points in judging a sample of corn, the following list of characteristics is given for the use of the person studying corn. By taking a sample of twenty-five ears of ordinary corn and studying each ear carefully, with this list for reference, each of the points mentioned may be brought out by example. This study is especially recommended for all persons wishing to become familiar with the characteristics of corn. Shape op Ear Cylindrical — ^Uniform in circumference from butt lo tip. Partly cylindrical — ^Uniform in circumference for a por- tion of length. 40 MANUAL OF SLOPE OF EARS — 301 CYLINDRICAL, 302 DISTINCTLY TAPERING, 303 VERY TAPERING. WHITE RACE CORN JUDGINQ 41 Slowly tapering — Taper slight, regular. Distinctly tapering — Taper very apparent. Very tapering — Extremely tapering. Too short for circumference; too long for circumfer- ence — Proper proportion of circumference to length is as 3 to 4, or for medium varieties 7 inches to 10 inches. Circumference of ear at huttj circumference of ear at tip — (Measure two inches from the ends.) Length of ear — (Measure from extreme butt to tip.) Rows OF Kernels Bows in distinct pairs — The spaces between alternate rows of kernels wider than the others. Number of rows — Counted three inches from butt. - Bows lost — ^Disappearing after extending three inches or more from butt. "Narrow space between rows — ^Rows, pressed closely to- gether. Medium space hetween rows— Distinct furrows. Wide space hetween rows — ^Wide furrows. Rows straight — Parallel with cob. Rows turned to right; rows turned to left — ^Rows angle to right or left of a straight line from butt to tip. Butt of Ear Even — ^Entire end of cob exposed, with butt kernels at right angles to axis of cob. Shallow rounded — Cavity at butt shallow, broad. -Moderately rounded — Cavity moderately deep, medium diameter. Deeply rounded — Cavity at butt deep, small diameter. 42 MANUAL OF MARKET CONDITION- -522 SOUND MATURE EAR, IMMATURE EAR 523 CHAFFY CORN JUDGING 43 Compressed — Cob rounded at end. Enlarged — Large butt with no extra rows or kernels. Expanded — Large butt caused by extra rows or kernels. Open — Greater space between rows at butt. Depressed — Kernels at butt flat, smooth and short, indi- cating a tight husk. Kernels diverging — Space between summits of kernels "n same row. Tip of Ear Kernels in rows — Rows may be traced to tip. Flat — Cob flattened at tip. Filled — Entire end of cob covered with kernels. Capped — A central kernel projecting from filled tip. Kernel Firm— "Rigid on cob. Loose — ^Movable on cob. Roof-shaped at one edge — Convex at one edge and flat at the other. Upright — At right angles with surface of cob. Sloping — ^Leaning toward tip. Overlapping at summit — As shingles on a roof. Straight wedge-shaped — ^Edges of kernels straight, tapering. Rounded wedge-shaped — ^Edges rounded lengthwise, tapering. Square at top — Corners not rounded at summit. Shoe-peg form — ^Long, narrow kernel holding size to tip. Rounded corners — Corners rounded at summit and base. Rectangular — Short and broad, as broad at base as at summit. 44 MANUAL OP ARRANGEMENT OF ROWS 227 STRAIGHT, 228 TURN TO RIGHT, 229 TURN TO LEFT. WHITE RACE CORN JUDGING 45 Beaked — ^With long, sharp, tapering projection. Slightly sharp point at summit — Pointed projection from chit side of kernel. Small sharp point at summit — ^Pointed projection from chit side of kernel. Bound smooth dented — ^Konnd smooth depression at summit of kernel. Long smooth dented — Long smooth depression. Crease dented — Edges of kernels pressed toward each other, leaving small space between, and edges parallel. Pinch dented — Edges of kernels pinched closely to- gether. Bough projection dented — ^With any rough, ragged or beaked projection from summit of kernel. Bridge dented — Crease dented with fold across center. Crumple dented — Seed coat wrinkled as in sweet corn. Breadth; depth; thickness— (Exact measure.) Color — (l^ote shade.) Shank Large — ^Nearly the diameter o^ cob. Medium — Half the diameter of cob. Small — One-third the diameter of cob, or less. Cob Large — Larger than 4V2 inches in circumference. Medium — From 3^/2 to 4V2 inches in circumference. Small — 'Not more than 3V2 inches in circumference* Color — (Note shade.) In the following matter the amount of cut for each point is based upon the arrangement of the Indiana score card. In the cases of the other score cards with different 46 MANUAL OF g8 H ^ §H o % ^ ^ ^ s <=> ^ 2 S ^ ^ ^ >" o 2 O! J H -3 M ^ s S !^ ^ Hh ^ W tf ^ a g S K vj o < ^ ^ b 15 H a l -^ Oi^A^SS*' ^ jj^f 5^ ffi i5»^t»* ^Z mSa ''-^^ -^•ctt^ZjI^^H mi: 'm^ m ^.a^ ^SfsmBMB^^^M ■-H^^M ^1 ^H^ B '■j-^ Ills g ^■^ r^^ ilim? i mm^B0 ^> ^-' -—'tL KH^kCB>7^ ^ • '' Mil ?fct'^ ' i^E^S^''^'^' S '^i^^-r- ^C7c . — ««j;;j£j'^|lfj'**jP^^^M. '" Nw^M^^^^I-^gflBI^^B ii^^;^"': S^^i"?? i ^jKrtr-^ '-■ i_" J jpmBH ^h^ '^. gm^>^^ C^'i^ <> . W t*^- r"- ':_:-■ ' '':.■ 5.^^ . - "^ *^ S-tear-- »•— ^.'^ " ^ .£^ '- ' • jpfy CPpy (O '::::^ ••■ iB &SE''''- ^Kf ^ J LJ59 \^&B^^Bi^^^H {fS^o o^ ■ r ■ '- W g^ rr — ,. '^- 1 fegggc'^'. 1 *^ ^?" %?' % «^ ARRANGEMENT OF ROWS — STRAIGHT^ TURN TO LEFT, AND TURN TO RIGHT. YELLOW RACE CORN JUDGING 11 Arrangement of Score Eecord The following pages give the most convenient ar- rangement for judging individual samples of corn and general exhibits. The first arrangement provides for first judging a sample, then by covering this score or not referring to it, rescoring it. Now by comparing these scores a close study may be made and a corrected and final score put down. FORM FOR INDIVIDUAL SAMPLE IOWA SCORE CARD Date Number of Exhibit Name of Variety STANDARD OF VARIETY Length Circumference Proportion Grain to Cob POINTS PERFECT SCORE FIRST SCORE SECOND SCORE CORRECTED SCORE 1. Uniformity of exhibit or trueness to type, or breed characteristics.. 10 10 5 5 10 5 5 10 6 10 5 5 5 10 2. Shape of ears 3. Color of ears {cJb"'.' 4. Market condition 5. Tips of ears 6. Butts of ears 7. Kernels {I'^jr."^:: 8. Length of ears 9. Circumference of ears ( Space between rows. . 10. j " between furrows ( and kernels at cob 11. Proportion of com to cob Total.... 100 Reasons for chuii .-es 72 MANUAL OP CORN JUDGING % u ^ ^ ^ s ^ ^ ^ ?3 ?5 g C5 00 ^ s ig 3 s (N m o o 00 t- o 13 ■* M