E 175 .5 .T54 euben Gold Thwaites Bv Frederick Jackson Turner LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ODDoisfloam f bimlglil X" ■ <>y COnHICKT DKKISIT. REUBEN GOLD THWAITES Reuben Gold Thwaites ^ iWemorial ^bbress By Frederick Jackson Turner Madison State Historical Society of Wisconsin 1914 ■ 6" Copyright, 1914 BY State Historical Society of Wisconsin MAY 29 1914 R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY CHICAGO CI,A374270 PREFACE EXERCISES commemorative of the services of Reuben Gold Thwaites were held in the Assem- bly Chamber in Madison on December 19, 191 3, the Governor of Wisconsin, Francis E. McGovern presiding, and Frederick Jackson Turner delivering the address that is printed in this volume. The bibliography that accompanies the address has been prepared under the direction of the Committee of Curators having the memorial exercises in its charge: E. Ray Stevens, chairman, Carl Russell Fish, William A. P. Mor- ris, Dana C. Munro, Robert E. Sie- becker, and Frederic L. Paxson, sec- retary. CONTENTS Page Preface 5 Reuben Gold Thwaites, by Fred- erick Jackson Turner ... 13 Bibliography of the Writings of Reuben Gold Thwaites ... 63 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Reuben Gold Thwaites, MT. 55 . . . . . . Frontispiece The Corn Planter Medal, Award- ed BY THE Cayuga Historical Society 52 A MEMORIAL ADDRESS REUBEN GOLD THWAITES a iMemorial ^btrres^fif By Frederick Jackson Turner ON October 22, 1913, the day before the annual meeting of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Reuben Gold Thwaites, its Superintendent, who for twenty- seven years had guided Its activities, passed from our midst. So abundant was his vitality, so buoyant his energy, so great, so endur- ing were his contributions to history, and so deep in our affections had he fixed himself, that it is almost impossi- ble to believe that we shall see him no more, no more rely upon his strong and gentle hand to guide the destinies of this Society, no more rejoice in the companionship of one of the most lovable spirits of our time. The heart aches at the loss. But he died In the [13I Reuben Gold Thwaites fullness of his powers: for him there was no long decay, no saddened realiza- tion of failing strength or dimming spirit for the work with which he was intrusted. "With a cheery smile and wave of the hand, He has wandered into an unknown land." Aptly quoted by the editor of Public Libraries in a notice of Dr. Thwaites's death. He had already paid in full the obli- gations of the scholar and the ad- ministrator. He did a man's work, and left an indelible impress not only on this Historical Society and the State of Wisconsin, but upon the historical activities of the nation. Even the briefest record of his life tells a story so rich in achievement, usefulness, and service that it is an inspiration. [14] A M e mo rial Address He was born In Dorchester, Mas- sachusetts, May 15, 1853, the son of William George and Sarah Bibbs Thwaites, natives of Yorkshire, Eng- land, who had come to Massachusetts three years before. His early school- ing* was at Dorchester, and in the fall of 1866 he came to Oshkosh, Wiscon- sin, where for six years he worked on the farm, taught school, and prepared himself in the studies usually pursued in the colleges of that period. Only a boy of unusual ability, initiative, and ambition could have carried out such a program. By 1872 he was on the staff of the Oshkosh Times, for which he reported the Democratic presi- dential convention in Baltimore that year. In 1874-75 he was a special student in Yale College, taking gradu- ate courses in English Literature, Economic History, and International Law. Among his instructors was [15] Reuben Gold T hw aite s William Graham Sumner, eminent In the field of economic history, historical biography, and sociology, who doubt- less Influenced this young student as he did so many others. While pursuing these studies young Thwaltes sup- ported himself In part by newspaper correspondence. Returning to Wis- consin, he removed to Madison and became. In 1876, managing editor of the Wisconsin State Journal, a leading organ of the Republican party under the editorship of David Atwood. For a time he also supplied a chain of prominent eastern newspapers with Wisconsin news. The necessary emphasis upon haste in a daily newspaper, often harmful to a writer, does not seem to have left its scars upon Mr. Thwaltes. Rather his conscientiousness, his natural ac- curacy combined with facility, and his efficiency In the organization of work, f 16I A Memorial Address turned this experience to his advantage. He learned how to think quickly and to act, how to condense, to select the essential, to watch with discriminating eye the play of the political forces about him, to study human nature intimately, and to report what he saw. As reporter of legislative proceedings and political conventions he acquired a wide acquaintance with the public men and journalists of the state which afterwards served him well in his task of popularizing the work of the Society and of securing legislative aid for its development. Moreover, he trained himself in the technique and art of typography, proof-reading, and print- ing, by actual contact with these phases of the printing office. He be- came an expert in the material making of a book, as the works which he after- wards edited amply illustrate. During this decade in which Mr. [17] Reuben Gold T hw aite s Thwaltes found in newspaper work the outlet for his energy, he by no means lost the scholar's fondness for books nor the literary taste which had been his from his early youth. Even while a newspaper reporter in Oshkosh he had shown historical interests, and as early as 1876 he published a sketch of the Indian Chief, Oshkosh, followed the next year by a history of Winnebago County, Wisconsin. He was one of the early members of the Madison Literary Club. His visits to the State Capitol, where the Historical Library was housed, often brought him into touch with Dr. Lyman C. Draper, that devoted man who watched like a father over the growth of the organiza- tion that he loved. Naturally shy and retiring, Draper could be bold and insistent for the Society, and it is one of the tributes to his insight that he recognized in this young editor a man [18] A Memorial Address of exceptional promise in the field of history and administration. So it happened that the veteran, anxious to complete the books for which he had been collecting material during his long life, picked out this young man of thirty-one as the man to train as his successor. In 1885 Mr. Thwaites began the work of Assistant Corresponding Secretary of the Society, and on January 6, 1887, Dr. Draper wrote his letter of resignation closing with these words: "It Is no small gratification to me to feel assured that the laboring oar of the Society's success will fall into hands so competent by his culture, his tastes, his industry, and his habits as the gentleman you have approved, and whom you will, I doubt not, choose as my successor. I ear- nestly entreat for him your confidence and encouragement, and devoutly pray the Good Father to spare him [19] Reuben Gold T hw aites many years, that he may honor him- self by faithful and successful labors for the Society." With this ''benedic- tion" from his predecessor Reuben Gold Thwaites began the great work of his life as the responsible executive officer of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Dr. Draper died four years later at the age of seventy-six, leaving to the Society the splendid results of his lifetime of collecting. He had done all that he could have done for this Society. It was a work of self-sacrificing devotion, the chop- ping of an historical clearing in the frontier state; it was more than that: his work had caused the Society to be recognized at home and abroad as the strongest in the West, and the Library had already become a noted one. But the times demanded a new man and new methods. In 1884, after the failure of Dr. [20] A M emorial Address Draper to secure an appropriation of fifty thousand dollars for an indepen- dent building, the Society had moved into new quarters in the recently con- structed South Wing of the Capitol. Disappointed, Dr. Draper had urged that the Society should seek private endowments in order that it might no longer be, as he said, "dependent upon or hampered by any alliance with the State," and in his final report in 1887 he declared: "We need a large general fund, so as to cease being a pauper on the State treasury." It was at just about this time that the new tendencies appeared which finally brought fame to Wisconsin for its generosity and wisdom in supporting public institutions designed to lift the State to higher levels in all directions, intellectual as well as material. Not to have realized this opportunity can hardly be made a matter of reproach [21] Reuben Gold T hw aite s to Dr. Draper. It needed a younger man, with sympathy and insight into the great popular forces that were forming in those days, to perceive and take advantage of this ground swell. Even Mr. Thwaites for a few years adhered to the ideal of a Society based chiefly upon independent endowments, but he soon came to see that the glory and the greatest opportunity of the Society lay in its position as trustee of the State of Wisconsin for the pro- motion of historical studies. There- after he labored with the greatest effectiveness to make the Society worthy of its position as a State in- stitution, freed from spoils and political jobbery by being intrusted to a body of men devoted to the purpose for which it was founded, but nourished by the State and merging its fortunes with the fortunes of the State. In his first report Secretary Thwaites [22] A M emorial Address struck the keynote of his later work. The Society must be modernized, its Library must be given more ample room, for, as he declared, it would pass beyond the limits of its space within fifteen years. He noted also the in- creased State appropriations for issuing bibliographical lists of its treasures; the beginning of systematic card cata- loguing by the most modern methods in place of the outworn system of successive catalogue volumes; and the separation of the Collections and the Proceedings, reserving the former for historical material, and the latter for the Society's records and historical essays. This was a significant step, emphasizing the distinction between source material and the secondary use of it, but recognizing both as legitimate activities of the Society. The distinc- tion was more sharply drawn as suc- cessive issues appeared. Significant also was the fact that [23] Reuben Gold T hw aite s in his first report Secretary Thwaltes, so to speak, discovered the State University. He reported that the students formed the majority of the Society's readers. Before many years his statistics of attendance revealed the fact that they constituted ninety per cent of these readers, and that the reading room was inadequate to hold them. From the first he offered new facilities and greater freedom for their work. He opened a seminary room to the advanced students in American history, with full access to the stacks — an unheard of liberality among non-university libraries at that time. Perhaps I may be pardoned for here recording my own deep gratitude for this hospitality of Secretary Thwaites to the young instructor who led his little band of investigators to this seminary among the Library's col- lections; to him and to them it was the [24] A M emorial Address opening of a new life. From that be- ginning these students and their suc- cessors have sown Wisconsin's seed in universities throughout the Union — all of them bearing in their hearts affectionate remembrance of the open policy and helpful hospitality of this Society and of Reuben Gold Thwaites, the scholar who so generously welcomed young men to the career of scholars. Through the mass of University readers the Society was extending the influence to the whole State. It be- came more than a local center, for it made itself useful to what were, in effect, delegates from every county in the Commonwealth. As these young men returned to their homes and as they came to take part in the public life of the State they spread their ap- preciation of the services of the Society. From this friendly but en- tirely independent relationship of Soci- [25] Reuben Gold T hw aite s ety and University were to come ad- vantages not at first foreseen, and a continually closer relationship of the Society to the State. Nor was it the University students only to whom Mr. Thwaites extended his helping hand. In one of his early reports he noted the increasing interest in American history among the school- teachers of the State, and their at- tention to local history, in which he always had a keen interest. The pioneer era was passing away, and the memory of the pioneers and the history of the communities of the State would have to be confided to the coming generation. The Secretary welcomed the demands upon the Society for the volumes of its Collections by these schools and proposed the republication of the first ten volumes, embracing the period of Draper's secretaryship, for the first edition was already [261 A M emorial Address insufficient to meet these new de- mands. Year after year as this response to popular interest grew, year after year as he stimulated and gave intelligent direction to this interest, he reported increasing evidences of friendly rela- tions with the State government, until the movement culminated in the erection of the noble building which since 1901 has housed this Society and the Library of the University of Wis- consin. In preparing the Society to accept this solution, in his study of other libraries and the incorporation of what was best into the interior architecture of the new building, and in the freedom and yet efficiency of his management of the Society's Library and the building, Dr. Thwaites con- tributed more effectively than has perhaps ever been clearly recognized to the creation of one of America's [27] Reuben Gold T hw aite s greatest historical workshops, a work- shop that is at the same time a monu- ment of American architecture. Of the yearly work of Dr. Thwaites for the Society It Is Impossible to speak in detail. Under his hands the pub- lished historical material became more systematic and complete. Knowing the archives in Europe as well as In America, he drew upon the stores of Canada, of Paris, and of London, to Illustrate the French period of Wis- consin's history. His persuasive in- sistence brought into the Library the materials for the foundations of Wis- consin's history from the old fur trad- ing regions of Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin River and Prairie du Chien, and the Mackinac center of that trade. He secured and published a mass of material on the Protestant missionaries to Wisconsin, on the early schools, the beginnings of mining, [28] A M emorial Address lumbering, and other early industries of the State, and on the foreign groups which transformed the Wisconsin of the Frenchman, the Southerner, the New Englander, and the New Yorker into the Wisconsin of to-day. Papers of political leaders, bankers, and pro- fessional men of all kinds came In- creaslngl}^ Into the Society's possession. Its interests were broadened and deepened In all directions. Gaps in Its Library were filled so that It became representative of all the great interests of American history in general and the Middle West in particular. The news- paper collections were systematized and opened Into new fields. In con- cert with University professors he welcomed to the Library its great col- lection of labor literature. To the pamphlet collections he added data exhibiting the activities of political parties, church organizations, and all [29] Reuben Gold T hw aite s the homely varied social activities that too often escape the notice of historical societies. His doctrine that the rub- bish of one generation may become the indispensable means of under- standing its civilization by a later generation led him to a catholicity of view the importance of which the future will attest. He visited remaining Wisconsin Indian tribes in their old homes, inter- viewed their chiefs, and incidentally was obliged to be host in his turn to delegation after delegation of these Indians, who, so to speak, camped out in the Society's rooms and claimed and received his personal largesse of board and small coin for days at a time. At his summer home in Turvillwood the gypsy Winnebago, up to a few years ago, still made annual hunting camps, and here he often talked with them. Thus he touched hands with the men of [30] A Memorial Address the Stone Age, fraternized with the survivors of the fur trade, with the pioneers, the poHticians, and the journaHsts of the day, with the men of affairs and the scholars. He issued circulars of instruction on the mode of organizing local historical societies, collecting materials, and build- ing up historical museums. He gave his hearty encouragement and co-operation to the modernizing of the museum into a valuable educational agency of the State. He prepared syllabuses of Wis- consin history for study clubs and schools, and lectured to communities all over the State. Now helping in person to form a local historical society, now giving an address at the dedication of some monument or the marking of some trail, and illuminating the annals of the locality by his own acquaintance with its antiquities and by his wider knowledge of the history of the State [31I Reuben Gold T hw aite s of which Its own history was a frag- ment, he strengthened in the localities the historic sense, and in the genuine Wisconsin spirit he made the Society's activity co-extensive with the State. Quoting with approval Woodrow Wil- son's remark, "The world's memory must be kept alive or we shall never see an end of its old mistakes," Reuben Gold Thwaites mediated between the Wisconsin of the past and the Wis- consin of the present. The Wisconsin Historical Society and its publications became a model looked up to by a multitude of western states. The systematic and accurate presenta- tion of the material in the ten volumes of the Collections which he edited; the twenty-six volumes of the Proceed- ings; the invaluable annotations drawn from the editor's own rich information and from the carefully organized stores of the Library; the scholarly papers of [32] A Memorial Address Dr. Thwaltes himself; the efficient contributions of the staff of historical assistants whom he trained and guided in their work; the care and wisdom with which he brought to the Society's annual meetings speakers both from Wisconsin and beyond Its borders, whose addresses set new models for historical study and suggested new fields of investigation — all this was the work of a really great organizer of historical industry. And how carefully he performed the fiscal duties of his office, bringing to the service of the Society day after day that minute and painstaking ac- curacy which he applied to his per- sonal business. No legislative investi- gation could ever find anything but praise for the financial records of the Society. He was efficient before the days of scientific management. He had the responsibility of the physical [33] Reuben Gold Thwaites care of a great library building and it became a model of good housekeeping. He supervised the purchase of books and all the operations of the Library itself, and he so husbanded its in- adequate funds that it grew from 118,000 titles to 352,000, threefold what he found it. He brought its needs year after year to the attention of the State with such clarity of ex- position and such tactful dealing with men that it grew in the good-will of the legislators. Let us not do more than justice to Dr. Thwaites. He found in the State itself a ready response to the claims of history; he found among the able and unselfish leaders of the Historical Soci- ety helpful hands to smooth many a path and carry many a load — the ablest men in Wisconsin's public life were friends of the Society. He found support in the University. He found [34] A Memorial Address an enlightened appreciation in the legislature and the press. He found in his associates on the staff of the Society, who gladly merged their per- sonality in his, most loyal and efficient aid in his many-sided task. And yet, when all this is said, it re- mains that he found them, convinced them, trained them, led them, and retained their trust and aifection. With quick and sympathetic intuition he caught and utilized what was best in their suggestions and in them. With quiet, but none the less effective, skill and persuasiveness he bound them to himself for the service of the Society. He so organized these forces that men and women saw in him their natural leader and helpful friend for securing the results in which all were interested. Such gifts of administration are as rare as they are important. His ability and breadth of interest, [35] Reuben Gold Thwaites his broad humanity, caused other agencies for pubHc good to enHst his aid, for it is the busy man who is appealed to for effective work. He was an active member and vice-president of the influential Free Library Com- mission, and in many ways he helped to broaden the usefulness of the State Historical Library, to spread libraries throughout the State, and to promote efficiency in the training of librarians. He was secretary and editor of the Wisconsin History Commission, which under authority of the State has al- ready published nine volumes of valu- able original papers and reprints on Wisconsin's part in the Civil War, with a tenth in press. All of these manuscripts passed under his careful editorship. He was lecturer in His- tory in the University of Wisconsin, and for several years an extension lec- turer for the same institution. [36] A Memorial Address He wrote the standard history of Wisconsin, the history of the Univer- sity, the history of Madison, the history of his lodge, the record of the Madison Literary Club. He was active in the service of the City Hospital, the Uni- versity Club, the Madison Art Association, and the Unitarian Church, and in his will he remembered the hospital and the church and most generously left a tithe of his estate to this Society. Had Dr. Thwaites done no more in his busy life but what he did directly by his work for this Society and for the State of Wisconsin he would have made an enduring place for him- self, and would have more than repaid all that Wisconsin had done for him. Thus, ineffectively and incompletely, I have tried to bring before you the work of Reuben Gold Thwaites of Wisconsin. It was in itself a full life; but, ladies and gentlemen, there was [37I Reuben Gold T hw aite s also a Reuben Gold Thwaites of the United States. Let us turn briefly to consider our friend and colleague in this wider aspect of his work as man of letters, librarian, historical editor, and historian. A rapid survey of the successive periods of his life from this point of view is all that is possible on this occasion. In 1884 and again in 1885 Dr. Thwaites visited New Mexico and Colorado and had some idea of estab- lishing a newspaper in this New South- west. Indeed he proposed to me, then just out of college, that I should join in the enterprise, and he painted the life of the cattle region and the profit of advertising cattle brands in such terms as have always left a doubt whether it was not a golden opportu- nity lost! But upon his selection as Secretary of the Society, Dr. Thwaites began a course in the rereading of [38] A Memorial Address Parkman's Vv^orks, visited Canada, and in the summer of 1888 canoed down the Rock, the Fox, and the Wisconsin, and wove into a Hght but charming narrative the history of these rivers with his own observations of scenes and men along them. The next year appeared his Historic Waterways, in which he printed this experience, and the summer found him again in Canada and the eastern cities. In 1890 his iirst history of Wiscon- sin came from his pen, under the title The Story of Wisconsin. In the succeed- ing year he published a brief history of The Colonies, the first volume of a series in which Woodrow Wilson and Pro- fessor Hart, of Harvard, were his co-workers, and this excellent manual became so widely used as a text for colleges that its author gained a reputa- tion beyond his State. In the summer of the year of its appearance he [39] Reuben Gold Thwaites traveled in Europe, studying libraries and archives there and writing his graphic and readable little book, Our Cycling Tour in England. In 1894 he took another canoe voyage, this time down the Ohio, the results of which appeared in his Afloat on the Ohio, re- published as The Storied Ohio. In preparation he read most of the pre- vious travels on this famous river from the early days. As he tells us, his purpose was to gather "local color," to ''see with his own eyes what the bor- derers saw; in imagination to redress the pioneer stage and to repeople it." For .all of its freightage of history the little craft floated lightly and captivat- ingly; the voyager painted with loving and skillful touch the scenery, described with his quick appreciation, wit, and human sympathy the life and conversa- tion of the dwellers along the river, and at the same time Interested his readers [40] A Memorial Address in the daily experiences of his little band of contemporaneous explorers. This trip illustrated much that was fundamental in Dr. Thwaites's char- acter and work. He based his history firmly on a knowledge of the geography of the country, and he was a minute and conscientious observer of nature. He saw his characters, not as lay fig- ures, but vividly and dramatically as real people. He had an unusual ap- preciation of the humorous and a knack for keen but kindly characterization. When he told a story he was at once the center of an interested and de- lighted group, for it was a work of art, the result of psychological ap- preciation, of sympathetic and lively interest in his fellow-man. He had the gift of dramatic narrative. Moreover, he believed that the his- torian should bring to his work an ap- preciation of the romance in history. 41 Reuben Gold T hw aite s As expert in editing as the most tech- nical and dry-as-dust of his brethren, he never read a document or penned a note that he did not see the picturesque, the human scene behind the bare record ; ever behind the document there was the pageant. He faithfully gath- ered the often dreary and dismal rec- ords of fur trader and explorer and presented them in well ordered and scientifically edited volumes. But when all is done, he writes: ''Piled high with bales of peltries, and pro- pelled by gaily appareled savages and voyageurs, with black-robed priests for passengers, the flotillas swept down the broad rivers in rude procession, paddles flashing in the sun, the air rent with barbaric yells and the roaring quaver of merry boating songs." The history of institutions, of industrial development of laws and governments, appealed to him less than the history [42I A Memorial Address of individual achievement. The nar- rative of action and the documents on which it was based gained his most loving attention. In 1895 appeared the edition of Withers' Border Warfare, under the editorship of Draper and Thwaites, a valuable repository for the historian, enriched by Dr. Thwaites from his own learning as well as from Dr. Draper's treasure-house. Had Thwaites been content to follow in the footsteps of his predecessor, utilizing his collections and editing the mass of material on the Revolutionary era, he would have found ample opportunity and apprecia- tion for his work. But he was too independent to limit his activity to this task. In the end his interests turned to earlier periods and to ex- ploration rather than to border war- fare In the years between 1896 and 1901 [43] Reuben Gold T hw aite s he published his monumental edition of the Jesuit Relations in seventy-three volumes. His reviewer in the Amer- ican Historical Review declared that it would "mark an epoch in the his- torical literature of North America because of the abundance and value of the documents reproduced and the vast erudition utilized by the editorial staff." The editor gathered about him a band of skilled transcribers, proof-readers, translators, local anti- quarians, and bibliographers. He gained the co-operation and trust of the most eminent Catholic authorities on the subject, visiting Canada and, in 1897, Italy to this end; he added greatly to the existing sources on the work of these devoted missionaries in America; and produced what will probably be the definitive edition of the Relations — the invaluable monumenta of American exploration in the era of New France. [44] A Memorial Address Among the most useful features of this work was its classified index, extensive in its scale, and accurate in its treatment. For the first time was the American library method applied on a large scale to the service of the his- torian. To his associate editor, the late Miss Emma Helen Blair, Dr. Thwaites gave generous praise for efficient aid in editing this great work. Thus, during the period of the cam- paign for the new library building and the years of its erection. Dr. Thwaites had given to the world an enduring evidence of his scholarship and organiz- ing power, and had brought to the Society a renown which extended to the Old World. After the completion of the Relations there followed from his busy pen a series of volumes, including well written and scholarly biographies of Marquette and Daniel Boone, a reprint of Henne- 45 Reuben Gold T hw aite s pin, and a volume of historical essays under the title, How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest, In 1904, following a trip to Yellow- stone Park, he issued his Rocky Moun- tain Exploration, a book which pre- pared the way for two other monu- mental publications which appeared in the years between 1904 and 1907. These were the first edition of the Original Journals of Lewis and Clark in eight volumes, and reprints of Early Western Travels in thirty-two volumes. Of these works I may not speak at length. In the former, Dr. Thwaites met and conquered dif- ficulties in a way that proved him an editor of the very first rank. He ferreted out from their concealment missing documents necessary to com- plete the journals; deciphered the dif- ficult writing and spelling of these his- toric frontiersmen, who first crossed [46] A Memorial Address the continent within the Hmits of the present United States; mastered the problem of correlating and printing the several journals of the expedition; drew upon all of his resources of typographic and editorial skill to give an absolutely faithful reproduction of the originals; enriched them with a wealth of historical and geographical annotation; and contributed a mono- graphic introduction setting forth the development and historic significance of this epic of American transcontinen- tal exploration. In his reprints of Early Western Travels his skill in annotation was again revealed; but perhaps the most important contribution of Dr. Thwaites in this series was the exceedingly com- plete and well analyzed index which opened to the historical student the wealth of information which was con- tained in these accounts of travelers, 147] Reuben Gold Thwaites who in the years between 1748 and 1846 pushed westward until their later representatives reached the far North- west and the far Southwest. Not only were many of these travels rare, but they had never before been brought together by means of an adequate index for the service of the economic and social historian. Together they present a picture of the irresistible tide of American settlement flowing into the wilderness, of societies forming in the forests, of cities evolving almost under our gaze as we see them through the eyes of these travelers in successive years. As America grows older, more and more it exhibits a tendency to turn back to the heroic age of its explorers and pioneers. In historical pageants, mural decorations, sculpture, poetry, in all the aesthetic use of historic symbols may be seen this growing ap- preciation by the nation of its remoter [48I A Memorial Address past. By these editions of the Jesuit Relations (the early sources of the history of Canada and the Middle West), Lewis and Clark (the historical fountain for the states between the Missouri and the Northwest Coast), and the Early Western Travels, Dr. Thwaites made himself the editorial authority to whose sources the student must turn if he would study this stage of American development. And while Dr. Thwaites issued these works he also gave to the world his useful resume in the Am^erican Nation Series of France in America, and his edition of Lahontan. With the assist- ance of Dr. Louise Kellogg he issued in later years volumes of valuable annotated documents from the Draper manuscripts and other sources entitled Lord Dunmore's War, The Revolution on the Upper Ohio, and Frontier Defense on the Upper Ohio. [49] Reuben Gold T hw aite s In 1909 he published his excellent History of Wisconsin in the American Commonwealth Series, and in 191 2, with the collaboration of Superinten- dent Kendall, a School History of the United States. I am informed by Miss Nunns, long his right hand in administration, that when death removed him he was plan- ning to begin work on the history of the fur trade, a subject for which no man was better fitted, and that he intended to widen the collections in the field of that far Southwest to which as a young man he had thought of removing. Often in his reports Dr. Thwaites called the attention of the Society to the importance of keeping in touch with sister institutions in other parts of the country and particularly with the great national associations de- voted to history and to library manage- ment. He himself regularly attended [50] A Memorial Address these associations, and in 1900, the year of the completion of the library- building, he was honored by the pres- idency of the American Library Asso- ciation and was made chairman of the Historical Manuscripts Commission of the American Historical Association. Four years later he became a member of the Council of the latter Association. In many ways he was one of the most important contributors to its activities, and particularly in fostering the rela- tions between the Association and state-supported historical societies sim- ilar to that of Wisconsin. To many state and local historical societies in various quarters of the Union he was called to lecture on the early history of the West, or to describe Wisconsin's method of fostering his- torical studies throughout the State. He became an envoy extraordinary to other states to extend Wisconsin's [51] Reuben Gold T hw aite s influence. The University of Cali- fornia called him to lecture at its summer session, and again to report on the value of the Bancroft Collection of sources on the history of the Rocky Mountain and Pacific states. Follow- ing his advice, California acquired this noble collection, thus making Berkeley the center for the study of that vast section, as Madison is for the Alleghany Mountains and the Mississippi Valley. He lectured also in Oregon, where he was welcomed as the editor of the sources of the early history of the Pacific Northwest. He represented the American Historical Association and delivered one of the leading ad- dresses in Annapolis at the Canadian celebration of the anniversary of the settlement of the Annapolis Basin. In the East he was made a member of the American Antiquarian Society, to whose publications he contributed a [52] ^/ A Memorial Address scholarly paper on the early press of the Ohio Valley, and he was honored with membership in the ancient Mas- sachusetts Historical Society. In the West the Mississippi Valley Historical Association made him its president in 191 2. Already Wisconsin at its jubilee celebration had given him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. In the course of a little over a quarter of a century, Dr. Thwaites wrote some fifteen books and edited and published about one hundred and sixty-eight additional volumes. To this total of one hundred and eighty- three volumes, which makes an average of about seven for each year, should be added something like one hundred articles and addresses. Of course his worth is not to be tested by the num- ber of volumes — most of these wxre annotated or reprinted collections of documents; but to have been the re- [53] Reuben Gold T hw aite s sponsible editor for so great and so substantial an historical output, while carrying arduous administrative duties, Implies an activity beyond the power of most men of letters and science. Looking back over his record of achievement, considering these ex- tensive and scholarly contributions to American history, which compelled the recognition and respect of his associates throughout the United States, one cannot fail to see how pro- foundly important all this was to the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. When Dr. Thwaites published a docu- ment, made an annotation, addressed a local historical society, dedicated a monument, or marked a trail in the State, he did It with that fullness of knowledge, that large recognition of the significance of his subject, which came from an extensive and thorough study of the whole process ofexplora- [54] A Memorial Address tion and pioneering in the United States. The forces of American his- tory flowed through the history of the locality and the State when he spoke. He brought to the altar of this So- ciety his laurels from the nation. They were laurels of love for the man as well as tributes to the scholar's worth. When he died, this note of affection was struck not only by the country press from many a Wisconsin town, not only by the city press of the Northwest, but in publications and letters from all over the United States. At a recent meeting of members of the Council of the American Historical Association a letter was drawn up and signed by men among the most dis- tinguished in the historical activities of the nation, expressing in the sincerest and warmest terms their sense of personal loss, their love and admiration [55] Reuben Gold T hzu aite s for Dr. Thwaltes as a man and as an historical scholar. Short in stature, but with a com- pelling personality, his cheery, winning spirit shining out behind his twinkling eyes, always ready with a joke or a story that impressed a point upon his hearers; alert, decisive, receptive, help- ful, a man of honor and of character, active in the Unitarian Church and respected and trusted by the Catholic clergy; an author whose style was graphic, lively, and so carefully dis- ciplined that it concealed the care with which he worked out each sen- tence; a writer with imagination, a conscientious scholar, and a man of affairs, Dr. Thwaites combined in himself most unusual qualities. He was married in 1882 to Miss Jessie Turvill, and to them was born a son, Fredrik T. On most of his happy summer outings where travel [56] A M emorial Address was both recreation and the search for new material, he was accompanied by his family. In their companionship he found a happiness that remained with him through life. Wherever he went, whether among the Indians of Wisconsin or of the Ari- zona Pueblos, the French fur traders, or the scholars of the great national asso- ciations, he was greeted with a quick recognition that here was a rare man, a man to be welcomed as a friend. We who lived in daily contact with him may not have known how wide was the circle of his friends, for he disliked to talk of himself and of his achievements. But we know how richly he deserved that friendship, for we who saw him at his daily work, who knew him in his home, we, too, leaned on him, trusted him, and loved him. This Society has been fortunate in the length of service of its great execu- [57I Reuben Gold T hw aite s live officers. Draper and Thwaites span the whole active life of the Society, which is nearly as old as the state itself. If we consider the years of Dr. Draper's superintendency of public instruction and of the Civil War, during which the publications of the Society were suspended, each of these men gave to the Society about the same length of service, substantially a generation. Draper was the founder; Thwaites was the great historical editor and modernizer, the builder of a new type of state historical society. In the years to come, on the basis of the structure they reared, this Society will become increasingly the home of historical students. Here are the priceless materials for the history of that vast Middle West, whose ideals are shaping the nation. To under- stand the economic, political, and social development that followed the [58] A M emorial Address era of explorer and pioneer requires the work of many students and will extend into later generations. Other men will succeed to Dr. Thwaltes's ofhce and, If they do their full duty, mindful of his example, they will open new avenues of progress to this Society and will explore new fields of history. Happy, thrice happy, they. If In the times to come their names shall be spoken with the respect and the affec- tion with which we speak the name of Reuben Gold Thwaltes. 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Afloat on the Ohio: an Historical Pilgrimage of a Thousand Miles in a Skiff, from Redstone to Cairo. Chicago, 1897. xiv, 334?. Republished, New York, 1900. xiv, 334?. Revised edition, 1903, has title: On the Storied Ohio: an Historical Pilgrimage of a Thousand Miles in a Skiff, from Redstone to Cairo. Annotated Catalogue of Newspaper Files in the Library of the Society. Prepared under the editorial direc- tion of Reuben G. Thwaites and Isaac S. Bradley, by Emma PL Blair. Madison, Wis., 1898. xii, 375p. Second edition [prepared under the edi- torial direction of Reuben G. Thwaites], by Ada T. Griswold. Madison, Wis., 1911. xii, S9ip. Annual Address before the Illinois State Historical Society, at Spring- field January 30, 1901. (In Illinois Historical Society Transactions, 1901, pp. 19-25-) [63 1 Reuben Gold T hw aite s Apprenticeship as a Means of Library Training. (In Library Journal, xxiii, 1898, pp. 83, 84.) Arguments for a Joint Library Build- ing for the State Historical Society and the State University. Madison, Wis., 1895. 26p. At the Meeting of the Trails: the Romance of a Parish Register. (In Mississippi Valley Historical Asso- ciation Proceedings, vi, 19 12-13, pp. 198-217.) Based upon the Mackinac Register, as published in the Wisconsin Historical Col- lections, xviii, xix, 1907-10. The Bancroft Library: a Report Submitted to the President and Regents of the University of Cali- fornia. . . Nov. 14, 1905. Berke- ley, Cal., 1905. 2op. Bibliography of Wisconsin Authors; being a List of Books and other Publications, Written by Wisconsin Authors, in the Library of the Society. Prepared under the direc- [64] Bibliography tion of Reuben Gold Thwaites and Isaac S. Bradley, by Emma A. Hawley. Madison, Wis., 1893. viii, 263P. The Black Hawk War. (In Magazine of Western History, v, 1886-87, pp. 32-45, 181-196.) The Boundaries of Wisconsin; with a General Historical Survey of the Division of the Northwest Territory into States. (In Wisconsin Historical Collections, xi, 1888, pp. 451-501.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1888, pp. 451- 501. This narrative is republished as chap, ii, "The Division of the Northwest into States," in How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest. A Brief Description of the State Historical Library Building at Madi- son, Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., August, 1906. i6p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Handbook Series, no. I.) Second edition, April, 191 1. I3p. [65 1 Reuben Gold Thwaites A Brief History of Rocky Mountain Exploration, with Especial Reference to the Expedition of Lewis and Clark. New York, 1904. ix, 276p. (Appleton's Expansion of the Re- public Series.) Bulletins of Information, State His- torical Society of Wisconsin, nos. 1-70, 1894-1913. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Chronicles of Border Warfare; or, A History of the Settlement by the Whites, of North-western Virginia, and of the Indian Wars and Massa- cres in that Section of the State, with Reflections, Anecdotes, &c., by Alexander Scott Withers, New edi- tion. Cincinnati, O., 1895. 447p. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. This edition was projected and partly finished by Lyman C. Draper. At the time of his death, he had prepared notes for about one-fourth of the book and had written his "Memoir of the Author." [661 Bibliography Chronological History of Wisconsin. (In Wisconsin Blue Book, 1909, pp. 848-871.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1909, pp. 848- 871. And also in various editions of the Blue Book, from 1899 to 191 3. Cleveland to Mackinaw: Historical Data on A. L. A. Post Conference Trip. (In American Library Asso- ciation Eighteenth General Con- ference, Preliminary Papers, Pro- gram and Itinerary, 1896, pp. 4-1 1.) The Colonies, 1492-1750. Neif York, 1891. xviii, 30ip. (Epochs of American History; ed. by Albert Bushnell Hart.) First edition, December, 1890; reprinted, September, 1891; February, 1892 (revised); January and August, 1893; December, 1893 (revised); August, 1894; October, 1895; July, 1896; August, 1897 (revised); November, 1897; July, 1898; July, 1899; April, 1900; January, 1901; October, 1901; August, 1902; November, 1902; October, 1904; September, 1906; May, 1908; June, 1910 (revised). [67] Reuben Gold T hw aite s The Colonists and the Indians. (In Stepping-stones of American History [1904], pp. 151-171.) Based upon The Colonies, i4.g2-iy^o. Cyrus Hall McCormick and the Reaper. (In Wisconsin Historical Society Proceedings^ 1908, pp. 234- 259-) Reprinted, Madison, Wis. 1909. pp. 234- 259. Daniel Boone. New York, 1902. XV, 257p. (Appleton's Life His- tories.) David Atwood. (In Wisconsin His- torical Society Proceedings^ 1890, pp. 101-113.) Republished, with a few changes, from "General David Atwood," in Magazine of Western History, v, 1886-87, PP- 549-5^5 • A Day on Braddock's Road. (In New England Magazine, n.s. xv, 1896-97, pp. 299-308.) This narrative was reprinted, with same title, as chap, vi, in How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest. [68 1 Bibliography Descriptive Handbook: the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., May, 1907. i8p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Hand- book Series, no. 2.) Second edition, Dec, 1908. l8p. Third edition, June, 191 1. 20p. Descriptive List of Manuscript Col- lections of the State Historical Soci- ety of Wisconsin; together with Reports on other Collections of Man- uscript Material for American His- tory in Adjacent States. Madison, Wis., 1906. viii, I97p. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Directories in Public Reference Libraries. (In Library Journal, xx, 1895, PP- 341, 342.) Down Historic Waterways : Six Hun- dred Allies of Canoeing upon Illinois and Wisconsin Rivers. Chicago, 1902. 300p. Second edition, revised, of Historic Water- ways: Six Hundred Miles of Canoeing dozen the Rock, Fox, and Wisconsin Rivers. 69 Reuben Gold Thwaites Draper Series. A/[adison & Oshkosh, Wis., 1905-12. 3v. Edited jointly with Louise Phelps Kellogg. (i) Documentary History of Dunmore's War, 1774. 1905. (2) The Revolution on the Upper Ohio, 1775-1777. 1908. (3) Frontier Defense on the Upper Ohio, 1777— 1778. 1912. Compiled from the Draper Manuscripts in the library of the Wisconsin Historical Society, and printed at the charge of the Wisconsin Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. Early Lead-mining in Illinois and Wisconsin. (In American Historical Association Annual Report, 1893, pp. 191-196.) Early Schools in Wisconsin. (In Stearns, J. W. (ed), The Columbian History of Education in Wisconsin, 1893, pp.>8-83.) Early Western Travels, 1 748-1 846: a Series of Annotated Reprints of Some of the Best and Rarest Con- temporary Volumes of Travel, De- scriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Conditions in the [70] Bibliography Middle and Far West, During the Period of Early American Settle- ment. Cleveland, 1904-06. 30V. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. The Evolution of Wisconsin. (In Wisconsin Blue Book, 1909, pp. 845- 847.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1909. pp. 845- 847; reprinted in various editions of the Blue Book, from 1899 to 191 3. Father Marquette. New York, 1902. XV, 244p. (Appleton's Life Histories.) The First Library in the Northwest. (In Library Journal, xx, 1895, p. 382.) Republished on pp. 100, loi, chap, ix, in Afloat on the Ohio, 1897. For a Parcels-post. (In Nation, xc, 1910, p. 345.) France in America, 1497-1763. New York, 1905. xxi, 320p. (The Ameri- can Nation: a Llistory; ed. by Al- bert Bushnell Hart.) [71] Reuben Gold Thwaites Gathering Materials for Local His- tory. (In Wisconsin Historical Society Proceedings, 1896, pp. 50- 52.)^ Reprinted with title: "The Gathering of Local History Materials, by Public Li- braries." Madison, Wis., December, 1896. 3p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Information, no. 7). {Same), Synopsis of Speech at Meeting of the Wisconsin Li- brary Association at Ashland, November 13, 1896. (In Library Journal, xxii, 1897, p. 82). {Same), Reprint, revised. Madi- son, Wis., September, 1905, 3p. (Wis- consin Historical Society Bulletin of Infor- mation, no. 25.) General David Atwood. (In Maga- zine of Western History, v, 1886-87, PP- 549-565.) Reprinted with title: Biographical Sketch of David Atwood. Madison, Wis., 1887. 37p. Again, as "General Atwood Dead." (In State Journal, Madison, Wis., December 12, 1889.) Geography of Wisconsin. (In Red- way, J. W. & Hinman, Russell, Natural advanced geography [1898] [Supp.] pp. 10-16.) [72] Bibliography George Rogers Clark, the Western Hero of the Revolution: lecture delivered in the Hall of Philosophy, July 14, 1898. (In Chautauqua As- sembly Herald, July 22, 1898.) The Great River. H. Indian Days. III. The Upper Mississippi during the French Regime. (In World To- day, vi, 1904, pp. 184-192, 383-391-) Greetings of the American Historical Association to the Nova Scotia His- torical Society, at the De Monts Tercentenary, June 21, 1904. (In Canadian Magazine, xxiii, 1904, pp. 330-332.) Reprinted, Toronto, 1904. 5p. Handbooks, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, nos. 1-7, 1906-13. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Historic Camp Randall. (In Daily Cardinal, University of Wisconsin, Madison, December 19, 1901.) Historic Waterways: Six Hundred Miles of Canoeing down the Rock, [73] Reuben Gold T hw aite s Fox, and Wisconsin Rivers. Chicago, 1888. 298P. Second edition has title: Down Historic Waterways: Six Hundred Miles of Canoeing upon Ulinois and Wisconsin Rivers. Historical Outline of the Admission of Wisconsin to the Union. (In Casson, Henry (ed.), Constitution of the State of Wisconsin, 1898, pp. 3-8.) Reprinted in 1909 Edition of the Blue Book [Madison, Wis., 1909], pp. 17-20, and in various editions of the Blue Book, from 1899 to 1913. Historical Sketch of the Public Schools of Madison, Wisconsin, 1838-85. Madison, Wis., 1886. 84p. Abridged and brought down to 1893, with title: "The Public Schools of Madison." (In Stearns, J. W. (ed.), Columbian History of Education in Wisconsin, 1893, pp. 479- 495-) The Historical Society: its Relation to the People of the State. (In Madison Times, February 14, 1893.) [74] Bibliography History: a Selection from its Litera- ture. (In Leypoldt, A. H., & lies, George (eds.), List of Books for Girls and Women and their Clubs, 1895, pp. 47-54-) A History of the United States for Grammar Schools. Boston [1912], xvii, 471, Hip. Joint author with Calvin Noyes Kendall. History of the University of Wiscon- sin. (In Thwaites, R. G. ^ (ed.), The University of Wisconsin, its History and its Alumni, 1900, pp. 43-75-) How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest, and Other Essays in Western History. Chicago, 1903. XX, 378p. Revised and much enlarged from George Rogers Clark, the Western Hero of the Revolu- tion. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Docu- ments: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France, 1610-1791; the Original Reuben Gold Thwaites French, Latin and Italian Texts, with English Translations and Notes. Cleveland, 1 896-1901. 73V. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Landmarks in Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., June, 1906. 7p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Infor- mation, no. 30.) Letter of Admiral Farragut, 1853. (In American Historical Review, ix, 1903-04, pp. 537-541-) A Letter of Marshall to Jefferson, 1783. (In American Historical Re- view, X, 1905, pp. 815-817.) Reprinted n.p. [1905] [3p,] A Letter to the People of Wisconsin, Relative to the Several Proposed State and County Semi-centennial Observances, Madison, Wis., Novem- ber, 1897. ip. no title. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Infor- mation, no. I.) Joint author with John Johnston. Re- printed, Madison, Wis., December, 1906. 4p. [76] Bibliography Lewis and Clark: Discoverers of Empire. (In Christendom, i, 1902- 03, pp. 520-527.) The Library as a Factor in Education [Address at the Dedication of Car- negie Library, Beloit College, Janu- ary 5, 1905.] (Beloit College Bulle- tin, iii, no. 2.) Reprinted, revised as "Address before the Indiana Library Association, at Muncie, October 19, 1905." (In Earlhamite, xii, 1905, PP- 57-63-) Library of the State Historical So- ciety of Wisconsin. (In Library Journal, xxi, 1896, pp. 175, 176.) Reprinted in Library Journal^ Wisconsin Supplement, 1896, pp. 7, 8. Republished, with some changes, from "The Work of the Wisconsin Historical Society," in the Annals of lozva, 3d series, i, 1893-95, PP- 258-265. Life and Manners in the Colonies: a Talk. (In Booklovers Reading Club Handbook, Course 21: American Foundation History, 1901, pp. 73- 88.) I 77] Reuben Gold Thwaites Local History in the Library Story Hour. (In Library Journal, xxxii, 1907, pp. 158, 159.) Local Public Museums in Wisconsin: Paper Read before a Joint Session of the Wisconsin Academy of Sci- ences, Arts, and Letters and the Wisconsin Archaeological Society, at Milwaukee, February 14, 1908. Madison, Wis., April, 1908. 24p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulle- tin of Information, no. 43.) Lord Dunmore's War, 1774: an Address delivered before the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Michigan, May 17, 1910. Detroit, Mich., 191 1. 22p. Lyman C. Draper — the Western Plu- tarch. (In Magazine of Western History, v, 1886-87, pp. 335-350.) Reprinted with title: "Biographical Sketch of Lyman C. Draper" [Madison, Wis., 1887], 37p. Again, with changes, as "Lyman Copeland Draper — a memoir." (In Wisconsin Historical Society Proceed- ings, 1891, pp. 74-95.) {Same), Reprinted in [78] Bibliography Wisconsui Historical Collections, xli, 1892, pp. 1-22; also in Preface to Reprint edition, zW. i,pp.ix-xxix. (S^w.^), Reprinted, Madison Wis., 1892. 22p. Also Madison, Wis., 1903, pp. ix-xxix. This narrative is also reprinted in chap, viii, "The Draper Manuscripts," in How George Rogers Clark Won the North- west. Madison, the City of the Four Lakes. (In Powell, L. P. (ed.), Historic Towns of the Western States, 1901? pp. 235-264.) Also Introduction to the volume. Based on "Story of Madison" in University of Wisconsin, its History and its Alumni, 1900, pp. 3-41. Memorial Address: James Davie Butler. (In Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters Tra?isac- tions, XV, pt. 2, 1907, pp. 897-911.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1907. [i4p.] Monument to Oshkosh. (In Oshkosh Times, June 3, 1888.) Revised and enlarged from "Oshkosh, the Last of the Menominee Sachems" in the same paper of April 22, 1876. [79] Reuben Gold Thwaites A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America, by Father Louis Henne- pin. Chicago, 1903. 2v. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Newly Discovered Personal Records of Lewis and Clark. (In Scribner^s Magazine, xxxv, 1904, pp. 685-700.) New Voyages to North-America, by the Baron de Lahontan. Chicago, 1905. 2V. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Notable Gathering of Scholars. (In Independent, Ixviii, 19 10, pp. 7-14.) Report of the meeting of the American Historical Association, American Economic Association and other societies at New- York, December, 1909. Notes on Early Lead Mining in the Fever (or Galena) River Region. (In Wisconsin Historical Collections, xiii, 1895, pp. 271-292.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1895. pp. 271- 292. An abstract of these notes appeared in the Report of the American Historical Association for 1893. Republished, with [80I Bibliography some changes, In chap, vii, "Early Lead Mining on the Upper Mississippi," In How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest. The Ohio Valley Press before the War of 1 8 1 2-1 5 . (In American Antiquar- ian Society Proceedings, xix, 1909, pp. 309-368.) Reprinted, Worcester, Mass., 1909. 62p. On the Storied Ohio: An Historical Pilgrimage of a Thousand Miles in a Skiff, from Redstone to Cairo. Chicago, 1903. xvii, 334p. New and revised edition of Afloat on the Ohio: an Historical Pilgrimage of a Thous- and Miles in a Skiff, from Redstone to Cairo. Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1 804-1 806; Printed from the Original Manu- scripts in the Library of the American Philosophical Society and by Direc- tion of its Committee on Historical Documents, together with Manu- script Material of Lewis and Clark from other Sources, Including Note- books, Letters, Maps, etc., and the Journals of Charles Floyd and [81] Reuben Gold T hw aite s Joseph Whitehouse, now for the First Time Published in Full and Exactly as Written. New York, 1904-05. 7v. and atlas. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. This work is published also in a large paper edition, extra illustrated in fifteen volumes quarto and altas; also in edition de luxe, "with many of the illustrations colored by hand after the manner of the originals, with atlas in fifteen volumes quarto." OsHKOSH, Menominee Sachem: [Ad- dress at Unveiling of Heroic Bronze Statue of Oshkosh, in North Park of that City, June 21, 191 1]. (In Wisconsin Historical Society Pro- ceedings, 191 1, pp. 170-176.) Reprinted with general title: "Four Chap- ters in Wisconsin Indian History." Madi- son, Wis., 1912. pp. 170-176. OsH-KOSH, the Last of the Menomonee Sachems. (In Oshkosh Times, April 22, 1876.) Our Cycling Tour in England from Canterbury to Dartmoor Forest, and back by way of Bath, Oxford [82I Bibliography and the Thames \'alley. Chicago, 1892. 3i5p. An Outline of Mackinac History. (In Wisconsin Library Bulletin, June, 1910, pp. 55, 56.) Overland a Century Ago: the Lewis and Clark Expedition as a Feature in Westward Expansion and the Significance of the Present Centen- nial Exposition at Portland, Oregon. (In Sunset Magazine, xv, 1905, pp. 213-224.) Population of Brown County, June, 1830. (In Wisconsin Historical Col- lections, xiii, 1895, pp. 468-472.) Preliaiinary Notes on the Distribu- tion of Foreign Groups in Wisconsin. [Extract from the Annual Report of the Wisconsin Historical Society, January 2, 1890.] [Madison, Wis. 1890], pp. 57-63. Proceedings of State Historical So- ciety of Wisconsin, 35th-6oth, 1888- 1912. Edited bv R. G. Thwaites. Reuben Gold Thwaites Rear Admiral Melancton Smith, U. S. N.: a Memoir. Madison, Wis., 1893. I4p. A Record of Landmarks in Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., September, 1913. 8p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Information, no. 70.) Reprint, in part, of Bulletin of Information no. 30, "Landmarks in Wisconsin." The Record of the Iron Brigade. (In State Journal, Aladison, Wis., Sept. 16, 1885.) Record of the Madison Literary Club of Madison, Wisconsin, 1877-1887. Madison, Wis., 1887. 42p. Report of Committee on Methods of Organization and Work on the Part of State and Local Historical Socie- ties. (In American Historical Asso- ciation Annual Report, 1905, i, pp. 249-325.) Reprinted, Washington, 1906. [yyp.] [84] Bibliography The Romance of Alississlppl Valley History. (In Shambaugh, B. F. (ed.), Proceedings of the Fiftieth Anni- versary of the Constitution of Iowa, 1907, pp. 1 13-142.) Reprinted Cedar Rapids, la., 1907. 32p. Again, as *' Romantic Elements in the History of the Mississippi Valley." (In Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records, x, 1913, pp. 33-42.) Sketch of Alorgan L. Martin. (In Wisco7isin Historical Collections, xi, 1888, pp. 38c^384-) Reprinted, Madison,Wis., 1 888, pp. 3 79-3 83 . I. Some Suggestions to Local His- torians, in View of the Proposed Observances of the State's Semi- centennial Anniversary. II. A Se- lected List of Printed Material Relat- ing to the History of Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., February, 1898. 22p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulle- tin of Information, no. 4.) Enlarged from Bulletin no. 2, pt. HI. Part I revised, reprinted December, 1899, as Bulletin no. 12. Part H revised, re- printed December, 1899, as Bulletin no. ii, [85] Reuben Gold Thwaites The Spaniards in North America. (In Wisconsin Columbian Circular Containing Patriotic and Historical Selections, October 21, 1892, pp. 34- 37-) Sphere of the Library. (In Public Libraries, xi, 1906, pp. 3-5.) Extracts from "The Library as a Factor in Education": an address before the Indiana Library Association, at Muncie, October 19, 1905. State and Local Historical Societies. (In Iowa Journal of History and Politics, iv, 1906, pp. 245-266.) Reprinted, Iowa City, la., 1906, 24p. Reprint, in part, of "Report of Committee on Methods of Organization and Work on the Part of State and Local Historical Societies," in American Historical Associa- tion Annual Report, 1905, i, pp. 249-325. The State Capitol. (In Wisconsin Blue Book, 1901-13.) The State Historical Society. (In the Evening Wisconsin, February 6, [861 Bibliography The State Historical Society of Wiscon- sin: Exercises at the Dedication of its New Building, October 19, 1900; together with a Description of the New Building, Accounts of the Several Libraries Contained Therein, and a Brief History of the Society, Memorial Volume. Madison, Wis., 1901. xii, I39p. The State Historical Society of Wis- consin . . . Description of the New Building. (In Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Information^ no. 8, pp. 16-21.) The State Historical Society of Wis- consin. (In Magazine of Western History, vii, 1887-88, pp. 549-560.) Revised as "The State Historical Society of Wisconsin." (In Stearns, J. W. (ed.), Columbian History of Education in Wiscon- ■ sin, 1893, pp. 395-405.) The State Historical Society of Wis- consin: the Story of its Growth. (In Wisconsin Historical Society [87] Reuben Gold T hw aite s Bulletin of Information^ no. 8, pp. Republished, with some changes, from "Library of the State Historical Society" in Library Journal, xxi, 1896, pp. 175, 176. State-supported Historical Societies and their Functions. (In American Historical Association Annual Re- port, 1897, pp. 63-71.) Stories of the Badger State. New York [1900], 255p. The Story of Chequamegon Bay. (In Wisconsin Historical Collections, xiii, 1895, pp. 397-425-) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1895. pp. 397- 425. Republished, with some changes, in chap. V, "The Story of La Pointe," in How George Rogers Clark Won the North- west. The Story of Lewis and Clark's Journals. (In American Historical Association Annual Report, 1903, i, pp. 105-129.) Reprinted, Washington, 1904. [24p.] [88] Bibliography Story of Mackinac. (In Library Jour- nal, xxi, 1896, pp. 71-78.) Same. (In Wisconsin Historical Collections, xiv, 1898, pp. 1-16.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1898. l6p. Originally prepared as an address before the American Library Associ- ation at its meeting on Mackinac Island, September 8, 1896, and in that form pub- lished in the Library Journal, December, 1896. Republished, with some changes, in chap, iv, "The Story of Mackinac," in How George Rogers Clark Won the North- west. The Story of Madison. (In Thwaites, R. G. (ed.), The University of Wis- consin, its History and its Alumni, 1900, pp. 3-41.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1900. viii, 4ip. The Story of the Black Hawk War. (In Wisconsin Historical Collections, xii, 1892, pp. 217-265.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., 1892. 5ip. A reprint, with a few changes, of ''The Black Hawk War," in Magazine of Western History, v, 1886-87, PP- 3^-45, 181-196. This narrative is also reprinted, somewhat abridged, in Stories of the Badger State, pp. 134-145; also reprinted as chap, iii, "The [89] Reuben Gold Thzvaites Black Hawk War," In Hozv George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest. The Story of Wisconsin. Boston [1890], 389P. (The Story of the States, ed. by Elbridge S. Brooks.) Revised and enlarged. Boston [1899], 407p. The Study of Local History in the Wisconsin Schools. (In Wisconsin Journal of Education, xviii, 1888, pp. 465-476.) Suggestions to Local Historical Soci- eties, Relative to Work in Prepara- tion for County Semi-centennial Ob- servances (May 28, 1898). (In Wis- consin Historical Society Bulletin of Information, no. 2, pt. 3, pp. 11- IS-) Enlarged, with title: "Suggestions for the Organization and Work of Local Historical Societies in Wisconsin." Madison, Wis., June, 1910. 7p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Information, no. 54.) Suggestive Outlines for the Study of Wisconsin History. Madison, Wis., [90] Bibliography November, 1899. I3p. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Infor- mation, no. 10.) Ten Years of American Library Prog- ress . . . (In Library Journal, xxv, 1900, pp. 1-7.) The Territorial Census for 1836. (In Wisconsin Historical Collections, xiii, 1895, pp. 247-270.) Reprinted with title: "The First Census of Wisconsin Territory, Taken in July, 1836 ..." Madison, Wis., 1895. pp. 247-270. Triennial Catalogue of the Portrait Gallery of the State Historical Soci- ety of Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., 1889-92. 2V. Compiler with Daniel Steele Durrie. Typographical Style-book for Anno- tation, for the Guidance of Writers, Printers, and Proof-readers of the Society's Publications. Madison, Wis., April 12, 1912. ^ up. (Wis- consin Plistorical Society Bulletin of Information, no. 62.) [91 1 Re uh en Gold Thwaites The University of Wisconsin, its History and its Alumni, with His- torical and Descriptive Sketches of Madison. Madison, Wis., 1900. xx, 889p. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Village Life in Old England. (In New England Magazine, n.s. vi, 1892, pp. 275-289.) Reprinted from chap, vi, "Village Life," in Our Cycling Tour in England. Wau-Bun the ^' Early Day" of the Northwest, by Mrs. John H. Kinzie. New edition. Chicago, 1901. xxvii, 45iP- Edited by R. G. Thwaites. A Western Historical Collector [Ly- man Copeland Draper]. (In Na- tional Magazine, xv, 1892, pp. 478- 487.) Republished, with some changes, from "Lyman Copeland Draper — a Memoir," in Wisconsin Historical Society Proceedings, 1891, pp. 74-95. [92] Bibliography William Clark: Soldier, Explorer, Statesman. (In Missouri Historical Society Collections, ii, 1900-06, no. 7, pp. 1-24.) An address delivered at St. Louis, Septem- ber 22, 1906, on the occasion of the unveil- ing of a tablet to the memory of Governor Clark. Reprinted, St. Louis, Mo., 1906. 24p. Reprinted, in Washington Historical Quarterly, i, 1906-07, pp. 234-251. William Freeman Vilas. (In Chicago Tribune, February 20, 1885.) Winnebago County. Printed in broadsides from the Oshkosh Times, 1877. 28p. Wisconsin Historical Collections, xi- XX, 1888-1911. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Wisconsin History Commission. Original Papers. [Madison, Wis.] 1908-12. 7v. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. Wisconsin History Commission Re- prints. [Madison, Wis.] 1908-12. 2V. Edited by R. G. Thwaites. [93] Reuben Gold Thwaites Wisconsin: the Americanization of a French Settlement. Boston, 1908. viii, 466p. (American Common- wealths; ed. by Horace R. Scudder.) Wisconsin's Emblems and Sobriquet. (In Wisconsin Historical Society Proceedings, 1907, pp. 289-305.) Reprinted, Madison, Wis., January, 1908. pp. 289-305. (Wisconsin Historical Society Bulletin of Information, no. 40.) The Work of the Wisconsin Histori- cal Society. (In Annals of Iowa, 3d series, i, 1893-95, pp. 258-265.) Republished, with some changes, from "The State Historical Society of Wiscon- sin," in Columbian History of Education in Wisconsin; ed. by J. W. Stearns, 1893, pp. 395-405- 94 :^