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CHARTER 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CARROLL WHITE SULPHUR SPRL\G 
 
 COMPANY 
 
 IN ALLEGANY COUNTY, MARYLAND, 
 
 WITH A 
 
 SCIENTIFIC REPORT 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 SITUATION, PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION, &c. OF THE SPRINGS. 
 
 
 B ALTIM ORE : 
 
 PRINTED BY JOHN D. TOY 
 
 >iK 
 
 1838. 
 
 
K.^^ 
 
TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 The undersigned commissioners appointed at the last 
 session of the Legislature to carry into effect the charter of 
 the Carroll White Sulphur Spring Company in Allegany 
 county, desire to call the attention of the public to the charter 
 incorporating the Company, and to the Report made to them 
 by Professor Fisher, of the University of Maryland, and 
 Mr. George W. Andrews, who were selected by them as 
 gentlemen of competent scientific attainments to visit the 
 springs, examine into their capability of improvement, the 
 properties of their waters, and such other topics of interest 
 as might occur. 
 
 The terms upon which the organization of the Company is 
 proposed are sufficiently explained by the copy of the Charter 
 hereto annexed, and the sum proposed to be raised by subscrip- 
 tion it is believed will be fully sufficient to purchase and 
 improve the springs, and render them every way worthy of 
 public patronage and resort. While other springs of the same 
 character are placed by nature at a distance from us, and are 
 only to be reached by a fatiguing journey of several days 
 by land, these springs are by the same bountiful Providence, 
 located within an easy journey of two days ride from Balti- 
 more, and may ere long be visited, without the danger or 
 fatigue of crossing a single mountain. The country in which 
 they are situated is in every way calculated, for the erection of 
 an establishment for agreeable and healthy resort, and no 
 climate during the summer can offer greater advantages, as 
 
regards purity of air and exemption from disease, than that 
 of the mountain territory of our own state in which lh«^e 
 springs have their rise. As regards their composition, and 
 medicinal effect the commissioners refer with perfect confi- 
 dence to the annexed report made to them by the gentlemen 
 who visited them and examined their waters, and indeed for 
 most of the particulars respecting them, a satisfactory reference 
 may be made to that report. 
 
 In calling therefore public attention to the enterprise and 
 soliciting the aid of their fellow-citizens to enable them to 
 commence and complete the improvement of these springs the 
 commissioners feel assured, that they need but be known to 
 be duly appreciated. With this brief notice the commissioners 
 refer those who may feel interested in the success of the 
 undertaking to the annexed documents, which they believe 
 will fully satisfy any one of the propriety and feasibility of 
 adding this proposed watering place to the numerous estab- 
 lishments already existing, and inviting the support of the 
 public. 
 
 WM. CARROLL, 
 JACOB G. DAVIES, 
 JAMES HARWOOD, 
 RICHARD CATON, 
 GUSTAV W. LURMAN, 
 JOHN THOMAS, 
 
 }■ Commissioners. 
 
CHARTER. 
 
 A BILL, 
 
 ENTITLED, AN ACT TO INCORPORATE 
 
 'THE CARROLL WHITE SULPHUR SPRING COMPANY,' 
 
 IN ALLEGANF COUNTY". 
 
 Whereas, it has been represented to the General Assembly 
 of Maryland, that a valuable white sulphur spring, has been 
 recently discovered in Allegany county, on the lands of Wil- 
 liam Carroll, and that sundry citizens are desirous by a contri- 
 bution of capital, to improve the same for the purpose of 
 making it a convenient and healthful resort for the good citi- 
 zens of Maryland, and it appears proper and reasonable that 
 encouragement should be given to so laudable an object, — 
 therefore : 
 
 Section. L Be it enacted hy the General Assembly of 
 Maryland, That William Carroll, James Harwood, Gustav W. 
 Lurman, Jacob G. Davies, Richard Caton, and John Thomas, 
 and all and every person or persons who may become sub- 
 scribers in the manner hereinafter prescribed, shall be and 
 they are hereby incorporated by the name of 'The Carroll 
 White Sulphur Spring Company' in Allegany county, for the 
 purpose of improving the spring and land to be purchased as 
 hereinafter mentioned, by the erection of such buildings, and 
 laying out the grounds in such manner as may be most con- 
 ducive to the general object of providing for a healthful, com- 
 modious and elegant watering place in Allegany county, and 
 making all contracts and purchases necessary ibr that purpose, 
 and generally to do and perform such acts, and make such 
 contracts as may be necessary for keeping the said spring or 
 watering place, and the lands which may be purchased as 
 2 
 
aforesaid, in proper condition for the reception of company, 
 either by renting out the same, or managing all the concerns 
 of the company themselves, or by a committee, as may be 
 deemed most advantageous •, provided, the said company shall 
 at no time purchase, liold, or possess more than five hundred 
 acres of land, and shall not at any time dig on, or in the said 
 land for coal, iron, or other mineral, nor authorize any person, 
 or persons to do so ; and by the said name, the said company 
 shall have succession, may sue and be sued, and may have a 
 common seal to be altered at their pleasure, and for purposes 
 aforesaid may, under the restrictions herein mentioned, exer- 
 cise the powers generally incident to corporations. 
 
 Sec. 2. And be it enacted, That the capital stock of said 
 company shall consist of five hundred shares of one hundred 
 dollars each, of which the said spring, and so much of the 
 land of the said William Carroll surrounding or adjacent 
 thereto, not exceeding five hundred acres as aforesaid, as may 
 be deemed necessary for the purposes of this corporation, shall 
 be and constitute a part, at such price as may be fixed by said 
 commissioners with the consent of the said Carroll, and which 
 shall be made known by the commissioners authorized to 
 receive subscriptions to the capital stock of said company at or 
 before the time of subscribing. And the said commissioners 
 shall have power to purchase the said spring and the land afore- 
 said for cash, or on credit, and to bind the company to pay for 
 the same in stock, or partly in stock, and partly in money, as 
 may be deemed most advantageous. And the terms of said pur- 
 chase shall be made known at or before the lime of subscribing 
 as aforesaid, and the president and directors of said company 
 shall have power from time to time, to increase the said capital 
 stock to such an amount, not exceeding in all, one thousand 
 shares, as may be found necessary for the purposes of this 
 incorporation, and they may either open books for the purpose 
 of receiving subscriptions to such portion of the original stock 
 as may not have been subscribed for before their appointment, 
 or to the additional stock, or they may sell the said stock, or 
 any part thereof, upon such terms as they may deem reasona- 
 ble; provided, it siiall in no case be sold for less than the par 
 value thereof. 
 
Sec. 3. And be it enacted, Tlial the subscriptions to the 
 capital stock of said company, shall be received under the 
 direction of WiUiam Carroll, James Harwood, Gustav W. 
 Lurman, Jacob G. Davies, Richard Caton, and John Thomas, 
 acting as commissioners, who, or any person or persons whom 
 they may select for that purpose, are hereby autiiorized to 
 receive the same at such time or times, and in such place or 
 places as the majority of them may determine, and of which at 
 least ten days notice shall be given, and each subscriber shall 
 at the time of subscribing, pay to the commissioners, or any 
 person or persons whom they may appoint for the purpose of 
 receiving subscriptions as aforesaid, such sum of money as a 
 majority of said commissioners may appoint before giving 
 notice as aforesaid, and specify in said notice ; but the presi- 
 dent and directors of the said company shall make no contract 
 for any purpose whatsoever, until at least ten thousand dollars 
 shall have been paid, over and above such sum as may have 
 been agreed to be paid to the said William Carroll, as the pur- 
 chase money, or any part of the purchase money, or conside- 
 ration for the spring and lands herein before mentioned. 
 
 Sec. 4. And be it enacted, That the management of the 
 business and concerns of said company shall be vested in five 
 directors, who shall be stockholders and citizens of the United 
 States, any three of whom shall be a quorum for the transac- 
 tion of business ; and the first board of said directors shall be 
 elected by the subscribers, under the direction and superinten- 
 dence of the commissioners aforesaid, at such time and place 
 as they may designate, giving at least twenty days notice 
 thereof in some newspaper published in Baltimore, and the 
 subsequent election of directors shall be made annually there- 
 after, and after like previous notice, at a general meeting of the 
 stockholders to be convened for that purpose, at such time and 
 place as may be fixed by the by-laws of said company, and if 
 any election shall not be made at the time it ought to be made, 
 such election may be made after a like notice, at any time 
 within six months thereafter, and the president and directors 
 for the time being, shall hold and exercise their respective 
 offices until a new election is made, and in all elections, and 
 on all questions touching the business or concerns of the said 
 company, each share shall be entitled to one vote. 
 
Sec. 5. And be it enacted, That every board of directors of 
 said company shall, at their first meeting after their election, or 
 as soon thereafter as may be practicable, appoint one of their 
 own body to be president of the said company, and shall, in like 
 manner, appoint such officers or agents as they may deem 
 necessary for managing the affairs of the company, who shall 
 hold their offices at the pleasure of the president and directors, 
 and shall give such security as may be prescribed by the by- 
 laws of said company ; and every officer and director of said 
 company may be required by the by-laws thereof to take an 
 oath or affirmation, as the case may be, faithfully and honestly 
 to perform the duties of his office. 
 
 Sec. 6. And be it enacted, That the capital stock of said 
 company shall be deemed personal property, and the shares of 
 said stock may be transferred on the books of said company, 
 in such manner as its by-laws may direct ; but all debts due 
 to the company by the stockholder wanting to make a transfer, 
 and all outstanding engagements on which he is then liable 
 to the said company, shall be paid or satisfied before any 
 transfer can be made, and before any dividends can be paid 
 for the same, except by the special permission of the president 
 and directors ; and when the company shall be organized, the 
 amount due upon the subscription to the capital stock shall be 
 paid in instalments, at such times as the president and direc- 
 tors shall appoint, giving thirty days notice of the time when 
 the same shall be payable, in at least one newspaper published 
 in the city of Baltimore, and in such other places as they may 
 think proper; and in default of the payment of any instalment, 
 the president and directors may offer and sell at public sale, 
 so many of the shares in default as may be sufficient to dis- 
 charge the sum due on the same, and the purchaser shall hold 
 the same, subject to the same regulations and with the same 
 rights as if they had been originally subscribed for by him. 
 
 Sec. 7. And he it enacted, That, if either of said commis- 
 sioners should die, resign, or refuse to act, his or their place 
 may be supplied by the remainder. 
 
 Sec. 8. And be it enacted, That this act of incorporation 
 shall be and continue in full force and effect for thirty years 
 and afterwards, until the same shall be repealed by the Gene- 
 ral Assembly. 
 
We hereby certify, that the aforegoing is a true copy of the 
 original law, which passed both branches of the Legislature of 
 Maryland at December session, 183T. 
 
 Given under our hands at the city of Annapolis, this ISth 
 day of May, 1S3S. 
 
 GEORGE G. BREWER, 
 Clerk of the House of Delegates of Maryland. 
 
 JOSEPH H. NICHOLSON, 
 
 Clerk of the Senate of Maryland. 
 
REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ExaniinatioJi and Analysis of the Carroll White Sulphur 
 Springs, in Allegany county. By Professor Fisher and 
 Mr. Andrews, made by appointment of the Commissioners. 
 
 GENTLEMEN: 
 
 The undersigned, in compliance with your request, 
 to visit 'the Carroll White Sulphur Springs,' in Allegany 
 county, for the purpose of examining their qualities, situation, 
 and generally, into the feasibility and inducements for their 
 improvement, and introduction to public notice and confidence, 
 respectfully submit the annexed results of their inquiries and 
 observations, obtained during a personal visit to the Springs, 
 within the past week. 
 
 Their attention was particularly directed to a careful and 
 minute examination of the locality, — readiness of access, — 
 capability of improvement, — the quality of the waters, both as 
 regards their chemical composition and action on the system, 
 their temperature, as well as the quantity of water which they 
 are capable of furnishing for the consumption of those who 
 may hereafter visit them, if improved. Under each of these 
 heads, then, the undersigned propose to detail the facts which 
 they observed, and the conclusions at which they have arrived, 
 premising however, a description of the locality, by a general 
 notice of the Springs themselves. 
 
 These Springs are four in number, designated at present, as 
 numbers one, two, three, and four — all of them flowing through 
 fissures in a slate rock, which appears to constitute the sub- 
 stratum of the entire valley in which ihe Springs are situated. 
 
11 
 
 Three of them, numbers two, three, and four, have their issues 
 or basins near each other, within an area of thirty or forty feet 
 in diameter, while the other, number one, is distant from these 
 -abput two hundred yards. The rock, however, from which 
 they flow is precisely the same in all of them. Numbers one 
 and three, rise through rocks, which are situated in the course 
 of a small branch, which serves to drain the valley, and which 
 during rainy seasojis, occasionally overflows their basins, espe- 
 cially after heavy rains, but which we are assured by persons 
 of the neighbourhood, was so nearly dry during the summer 
 months, as never to rise within some distance of them. 
 Owing to the cause just stated, during our visit, the Springs, 
 numbers one and three, were overflowed by the waters of the 
 branch, and although we made some eff(:)rt to drain off" the 
 branch water from their basins, our success was but partial. 
 We were, however, enabled so far to separate the branch water 
 from that issuing from the Springs, as to recognize distinctly, 
 the sulphur water; and to ascertain their temperature with 
 suflicient exactness to induce us to believe, that they owe 
 their origin and supply to the same subterranean reservoir as 
 number two, whose character at this lime, was decided and 
 distinct. 
 
 Our examinations and attention were particularly directed 
 to number two, from the circumstance of its being so situated, 
 as not to be liable to the difficulties and embarrassment, wiiich 
 existed in the case of numbers one and three. This spring 
 has its issue some distance, say, thirty or forty feet from the 
 margin of the branch, and is at all times free from inundation. 
 It rises from the same slate rock, and preserving its perfect 
 transparency and limpidity, in the small basin which has been 
 excavated around it, flows off" through a channel, upon which, 
 immediately after leaving its basin, it commences to deposite 
 the peculiar while material, from which the characteristic title 
 of 'White Sulphur' is derived. This deposite we found in 
 great abundance in the bed of the stream proceeding from this 
 spring. The taste at once indicates the character of this 
 spring as a sulphur water, which corroborated by the appear- 
 ance of the copious deposite, leaves no doubt upon the mind 
 of the visitor, that the spring before him is honestly entitled 
 to the denomination of a 'White Sulphur Spring.' From this 
 
12 
 
 spring was obtained the water, subsequently subjected to 
 analysis, and by which its constituents were determined. A 
 prior and preliminary analysis of all the springs, except num- 
 ber four, made by one of the undersigned, had sufficieiitly 
 established the identity in composition of all of them. 
 
 Number four is situated within ten or twelve feet of number 
 two, and was only discovered and opened during the last visit of 
 the undersigned. It had been covered by a morass or swamp, 
 so that its free flow was completely arrested, and no opportu- 
 nity had been aflbrded it, of manifesting its peculiar character 
 by the formation of the white deposite. This swampy cover- 
 ing of the rock, from which number four issues, had been the 
 resort of deer, or a 'lick' as it is commonly termed, as we had 
 evidence of their recent presence at it, before the rock was 
 cleared. The removal of this swampy material, and the sub- 
 sequent excavation of a basin, rendered the water so very tur- 
 bid and unfit for drinking, that we had no opportunity of com- 
 paring its taste and effects, with those of the other springs. 
 We have no doubt, however, of its characters being precisely 
 the same with those of number two, from the circumstances, 
 that it rises from the same rock, and corresponds with it in 
 temperature.* 
 
 We were informed by Leonard Shirchff, Esq. a most 
 respectable and credible citizen of the neighbourhood, that 
 these springs had long been objects of regard and places of 
 resort by the numerous hunters, who frequent the valley in 
 pursuit of game ; and that they especially valued spring, num- 
 
 * Since the above report was written, we have received a letter from L. Shir- 
 clifF, Esq. informing us that he had visited spring number four, and found it per- 
 fectly clear and transparent, but no appearance of the white deposite as in that 
 alongside, (number two,) it appeared as strong to the taste of sulphur as the other 
 spring. He represents the efiect of the water from this spring, as very powerful, 
 occasioning a sensation of nausea, and conveying a similar impression to that 
 produced by swallowing a dose of salts, — a piece of silver coin he found was ren- 
 dered almost perfectly black, in about thirty minutes. He further states, 'I do 
 not think it flows quite as strong as the one by the side of it, but I have not the 
 smallest doubt but its medicinal properties are veiy powerful. The spot where 
 the spring is, is the precise spot to which the deer resorted.' 
 
 From this account of Mr. Shircliff, it appears that our anticipations respecting 
 this spring have been realized, although scarcely enough time had been allowed for 
 the formation of a sufficient quantity of the white deposite. The quantity of 
 water which it furnishes, is also estimated at rather less than we had deemed it. 
 
13 
 
 ber one, attributing to it very deci'ded medicinal properties. 
 Mr. Shircliff himself, also bore testimony of the effect of the 
 Avaters on his own person, and one of the undersigned could 
 perceive a marked action on his own system, after the use of 
 four or five tumblers of the water. From Mr. Siiircliff 
 we also learned, that during the dry weather of July and 
 August, the odour of sulphur was distinctly perceptible, some 
 distance to the leeward of the Springs, and although this odour 
 was not perceptible during our visit, we can readily attribute 
 the absence of it, to the heavy rains, which for weeks preced- 
 ing and during our visit had completely saturated the valley 
 with water, causing the branch before alluded to, to overflow, 
 and entirely to absorb within its own waters, all the sulphur 
 water flowing from the Springs, numbers one and three, situ- 
 ated within its bed. 
 
 During the subsidence of the branch beneath their basins, 
 Mr. S. informed us. Sulphur Springs, numbers one and three, 
 furnish a copious coat of the white deposite, by which their 
 identity with number two, is fully established, and the resem- 
 blance shown by their analysis, practically corroborated. 
 
 'The Carroll White Sulphur Springs' are situated on the 
 estate of William Carroll, Esq. of Allegany county, of this 
 state, about equidistant from the great western turnpike and 
 the Potomac river, within nine or ten miles of Flintstone, and 
 eighteen or twenty miles above Hancock. This locality the 
 undersigned consider a very advantageous one, should they 
 hereafter become places of resort ; the valley in which they 
 rise being almost a perfect level, and easy of access to either 
 of the three great avenues of communication to the West, the 
 Chesapeake and Ohio canal, Baltimore and Ohio rail road, 
 and the present turnpike road to Cumberland. This valley 
 is found at the foot of the western slope of Green Ridge, a 
 subordinate mountain chain immediately west of Town hill. 
 It is drained by the tributaries of 'Fifteen mile creek,' and the 
 creek itself flows for a considerable distance through it, until 
 it reaches a gap near the Springs, through which it passes, in 
 its course towards the Potomac. 
 
 The distance from Baltimore to the Springs is about one 
 hundred and nineteen miles ; one hundred and fifteen or six- 
 3 
 
14 
 
 teen of which are on the present main route to Cumberland, 
 and the remainder of the distance along the valley of 'Fifteen 
 mile creek,' to the gap already mentioned, when, instead of 
 pursuing the creek, the road turns toward the west, and 
 ascends the valley of 'Rock Lick run,' a considerable stream", 
 one of whose sources is the branch so frequently mentioned 
 as containing within its bed the rocks from which two of the 
 springs flow. Through this whole distance after leaving the 
 turnpike, a most beautiful and romantic ride may be accom- 
 plished, the rise of the valley being so gentle as to present to 
 the eye the appearance of a level plain. 
 
 From the Potomac a most excellent and well-graded road 
 may be constructed. Passing over Town Hill, through the. 
 gap of Fifteen mile creek, and gently descending on one of its 
 numerous spurs, it may cross Green Ridge at a moderate 
 height, whence a gentle slope may be obtained that will con- 
 duct the traveller without inconvenience and in perfect safety 
 to the Springs. 
 
 From this road one of the most grand and romantic views 
 may be obtained which perhaps the country affords. From 
 the top of Town Hill are seen on one hand the mountains of 
 Pennsylvania, cultivated to their summits, and on the other, 
 beyond the valley of the Potomac, whose waters irrigate, and 
 bound acres of cultivated farms, during their tortuous and 
 meandering flow, appear the distant mountain ranges of Vir- 
 ginia, clad in the deep blue haze, with which distance and 
 elevation invest them. 
 
 Looking through the gap in an easterly direction, Sideling 
 Hill and the Great Cacapon bound the horizon with their 
 summits ; and toward the west are seen ridge upon ridge of 
 mountain tops, until the view is closed by the remote ranges 
 above Cumberland, some thirty or thirty-five miles distant. 
 
 One decided advantage which the locality of these springs 
 affords is the practicability of reaching them by the canal, by 
 means of which the invalid and timorous may reach them, 
 unexposed to the fatigue, inconvenience, or fancied danger of 
 mountain travelling. 
 
 The course of the valley in which the Springs are situated 
 is in common with that of all our mountain ranges, north-east 
 and south-west ; it is about four miles in length, and has an 
 
lU 
 
 average breadth of perhaps one hundred feet; it is well 
 wooded with oaks of different species, lofty pines, and the 
 spruce tree; the sugar maple is also suQicicntly abundant to 
 supply the material for a 'sugar camp,' distant about two 
 miles from the Springs. Various fossils and the fossil impres- 
 sions of shells are found in the rocks, affording to the geologist 
 ,an agreeable source of interest and study. 
 
 Numerous rounded and gently sloping knolls or spurs sur- 
 round the springs, upon which at almost any desirable eleva- 
 tion may be erected cottages or cabins for the accommodation 
 of the company who may seek the sanative properties of the 
 .waters, and who, while thus elevated above the fogs of the 
 • valley, will enjoy the bracing and healthful breezes from the 
 west, which prevail during the summer months in this climate. 
 The character for health which this section of country enjoys 
 is so well established, that it is deemed superfluous to dwell 
 upon it here. 
 
 The approach to the Springs from the west, is equally 
 favourable with that from the east, and may be accomplished 
 by either the turnpike, canal, or rail road. This valley of 
 Rock Lick run, in which the springs are situated, was once 
 suggested as a route for the Baltimore and Ohio rail road, 
 and experimental lines and levels were run throughout its 
 whole length, within a short distance of the springs. The 
 near proximity of these springs to the celebrated Bedford 
 Springs, the undersigned conceive to be another favourable 
 feature of their locality, as an opportunity is thus afforded to 
 those who frequent the latter, either to commence or terminate 
 their course of treatment with the use of sulphur waters. 
 
 As regards capability of improvement, so that the Springs 
 may be rendered an agreeable place of resort, the undersigned 
 will only undertake to express their own views, without sug 
 gesting or prescribing any exercise of that faculty, about whose 
 action there can be no argument. So far as they are capable 
 of judging, they are of opinion that this valley and its sur- 
 rounding hills are as capable of ornamental improvement and 
 decoration, as any spot of the kind which can be found. 
 
 Ravines and spurs of gentle elevation offer every facility for 
 beautiful paths and roads, and afford means of easy access to 
 
16 
 
 the summit of the neighbouring mountains, upon which level 
 roads for miles in length may be opened : and the beautifully 
 rounded knoUs, which radiate from the immediate vicinity of 
 the Springs, offer beautiful and eligible sites for the erection of 
 cottages, and accommodations for the visitors. 
 
 From the bank, not far above the source of number two, 
 rises a clear stream of ordinary spring water, which is believed 
 to be permanent, and which from its capacity and temperatum 
 would furnish a supply of drinking water of agreeable coolness 
 and flavour for those whose palates and condition may require 
 an unmedicated draught. 
 
 Tiie flow from the four sulphur springs would furnish sul- 
 phur water adequate for the supply of the necessary number of 
 medicated baths, and it is believed that springs may be ob- 
 tained in the neighbourhood, sufilcient to furnish the ordinary 
 warm and cold bathing establishments required for the comfort 
 of the guests. 
 
 The Springs are situated in the neighbourhood of a fertile 
 and cultivated district, from which supplies of agricultural 
 produce may be obtained ; and the mountains in the vicinity 
 abound in game, such as deer, pheasants, partridges, &c. &.c. 
 from which many of the delicacies of the table may be fur- 
 nished. Materials of other descriptions for the use of a nume- 
 rous company, can be readily conveyed to this spot from Balti- 
 more, either by the canal, rail road, or turnpike, as upon either 
 of these routes they come within a few miles of the Springs. 
 
 It is deemed proper to state here, that the course of the 
 branch may be so changed as to place springs numbers one 
 and three entirely beyond the reach of its waters, and thus at 
 all seasons they will be rendered exempt from overflow. 
 
 Of the quality of these springs, the undersigned feel more 
 capable of judging, and expressing an opinion, than upon 
 either of the other branches of their inquiry, and they now lay 
 before you the conclusions at which they have arrived, under 
 two heads : 1st. The Chemical composition of the water — 
 2d. The Medicinal effect. 
 
 Chemically these waters are regarded as holding in combi- 
 nation sulphuretted hydrogen gas, beside several saline com- 
 pounds, which contribute by their action to the effect of the 
 
17 
 
 gas. Ill tliis respect they resemble many other springs, both 
 of this country and Europe; but their resemblance to the 
 great White Sulphur Spring, of Greenbrier county, Virginia, 
 is perhaps more close, than to any other springs of great 
 resort. A few words will explain the cause of the formation 
 of the white deposite to which these springs owe their peculiar 
 name of White Sulphur. The sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 
 upon the access of the water to the air, has a great tendency 
 . to escape from its combination, and itself to undergo decom- 
 position ; from this results the separation of the sulphur from 
 the water, and its consequent deposition upon the bed of the 
 stream, along with some salts which are no longer soluble in 
 consequence of the escape of the gases by which they were 
 held in combination, and hence we have the white deposite 
 consisting of sulphur, sulphate, and carbonate of lime. 
 
 So far as this resemblance holds the Carroll White Sulphur 
 Springs, may be considered as very analogous to, if not iden- 
 tical in composition with the Virginia spring, and we do not 
 think it venturing too far to anticipate from this analogy of 
 composition, similar action in the relief of disease. 
 
 The analysis of the 'White Sulphur,' by Prof Rogers, has 
 never been communicated to the public, under the sanction of 
 his name, and we are therefore, unable to institute an exact 
 comparison between it and the Carroll Springs. The only 
 source from which a knowledge of its composition has reached 
 us, is the popular and widely circulated volume of letters from 
 the Virginia Springs by P. Prolix, whence we learn, that 'it 
 contains sulphuretted hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, (gases,) 
 sulphate, carbonate and muriate of lime, sulphate of mag- 
 nesia.'*' By comparing this statement with the constituents 
 of the Carroll Springs as ascertained by ourselves, you will be 
 enabled to judge how far the expectation of the same beneficial 
 results may be obtained from the use of the latter, which have 
 long been experienced by the visitors at the former. 
 
 Numerous sulphur springs exist in the state of New York, 
 of many of which, the analysis has just been given in the 
 
 * The author does not state upon whose authority this analysis is given, but as 
 one or two pages farther on he states, that he witnessed Professor Rogers' expe- 
 riments, it is fair to infer, that it was from that source he became acquainted 
 with the composition of the water. 
 
18 ;.,^ 
 
 annual report of Prof. Beck, to the governor of that state, for 
 the past year. These springs we find ahnost precisely identic 
 cal in their composition with the 'Carroll Springs,' 
 
 As regards temperature, the undersigned conceive that, the 
 'Carroll White Sulphur Springs,' have decided advantages, 
 their temperature being so low, that beside furnishing a cool 
 and refreshing draught, they are enabled to retain their gaseous 
 contents much longer in state of combination. We found 
 their temperature to be from 47° to 4S° Far. a most agreeable 
 temperature for a summer drink, being several degrees cooler 
 than the ordinary springs of this neighbourhood, which range 
 from 53° F. to 55° F. To those who recollect the agreeable 
 freshness of spring water, and the sensation of coolness, with 
 which its draught is accompanied, it must at once be evident, 
 that water from six to eight degrees cooler, will provide a most 
 grateful and refreshing means of allaying thirst. 
 
 These springs were all found to~ contain carbonic acid gas, 
 or fixed air, which contributes its peculiar pungency and seda- 
 tive influence to the water. Owing to the presence of this gas 
 too, the water is found to be what is called in familiar terms, a 
 'light water,' terms designed to express that several glasses 
 may be taken without any sense of oppression, such as is 
 almost invariably experienced after drinking two or three 
 glasses of common water in rapid succession. The carbonic 
 acid gas, serves the purpose also, of rendering the earthy car- 
 bonate soluble, thus communicating some antacid effect to 
 the water. 
 
 It is deemed proper to insert in this place, a statement of the 
 flow of the waters, which was ascertained by actual measure- 
 ment of spring, number two. Neither of the other springs was 
 in a condition to enable us to ascertain their exact discharge. 
 They were estimated, however, to furnish, each, an equal 
 quantity with number two ; and as that was ascertained to 
 discharge one gallon per minute, the whole number will fur- 
 nish four gallons, an adequate supply for any number of guests 
 which can ever be collected together. We have no means of 
 comparing this yield with any other spring, except the Schooley's 
 Mountain Chalybeate Spring, in New Jersey, which has for 
 years been the resort of large companies from New York and 
 Philadelphia, and which we find stated to yield six hogsheads 
 
19 
 
 per diem. Now each of the Carroll Springs yields nearly 
 twenty- four hogsheads in the same time, showing manifestly 
 that no scarcity of water can ever be apprehended, how 
 numerous soever the company of visitors may be. 
 
 All these collateral facts having been stated, we annex 
 the result of our analysis, showing the gaseous and solid con- 
 stituents of these waters, as carefully ascertained. It has been 
 already stated, that the water subjected to examination was 
 obtained from spring, number two. 
 
 Temperature, 47° F. to 48'^ F. 
 
 Gaseous Contents. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen, 
 Carbonic Acid. 
 
 Solid Contents. 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, 
 Muriate of Soda, 
 Sulphate of Lime, 
 Muriate of Lime, 
 Carbonate of Lime. 
 
 The temperature of the small spring of common water adja- 
 cent to Sulphur Spring, number two, we found to be 48° F. 
 
 We pass now to the consideration of the action of these 
 waters upon the animal economy. We have already been 
 compelled somewhat to anticipate this branch of the subject, 
 and shall therefore, very briefly state, a few additional obser- 
 vations respecting it. 
 
 Practically we had no opportunity of judging of their effects 
 except, that they produced upon one of the party that accom- 
 panied us, a very prompt and decided diuretic action. Tradi- 
 tion in the neighbourhood attributes great virtue to them, and 
 from the analogy of their composition, to that of other waters, 
 known by experience to possess decided beneficial action, we 
 cannot but anticipate the relief or actual cure of many obstinate 
 chronic diseases, if their use be persisted in systematically for 
 a proper period of time, under judicious advice, and with due 
 regard to regimen. 
 
 Time alone can determine whether our anticipations in this 
 respect will be realized, but we feel no hesitation in hazarding 
 the assertion, that time will corroborate the opinion that these 
 
•■,20 ,.... ■.,....^;. 
 
 .•,•••■"■;■ ./'■■■■'. '^'-^v^i/^.vi^' 
 
 waters possess all the medicinal properties usually met 'with 
 in White Sulphur Springs. We anticipate from them altera- 
 tive, aperient, diuretic, and diaphoretic effects; and as all the^ 
 adjuvants of.healthy climate, pure mountain air, beautiful and- 
 romantic scenery, with healthy exercise and recreation, may' 
 be obtained at these Springs, we can see no reason why these 
 anticipations may not be realized, why the dyspeptic may not 
 recover the tone and appetite, of which improper or imprudent 
 excess may have deprived him; why the sallow complexioned 
 son of the south may not lose the yellow hue which tinges 
 his blood, giving evidence of diseased hepatic function ; and' 
 why the sufferer from calculous and nephritic disease may not 
 be relieved from the painful and distressing symptoms to which 
 his frame is a martyr. 
 
 Finally, we think we have satisfactorily shewn facts that 
 should induce confidence in the effort which is about being 
 made to bring forward these springs for public patronage. In 
 our narration, we have studied neither ornament, nor effect, 
 but have endeavoured, by a plain recital of what we saw, and 
 a simple detail of our deductions to convey to yourselves and 
 the public, the impressions which our visit, inspection, and 
 analysis, have made upon our own minds. 
 
 We feel confidence in the opinions already expressed re- 
 specting the different subjects of inquiry proposed to us, and 
 again assert that those who may be in the pursuit of health, 
 or who wander from home during the summer months for 
 relaxation and amusement, may find all these requisites amid 
 the mountains of Allegany county, at the 'Carroll White 
 Sulphur Springs.' 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 WM. R. FISHER, M. D. 
 
 Prof, of Chern. and Pharm. UniversUy of Md. 
 
 GEO. W. ANDREWS. 
 
 To Messrs. 
 
 Wm. Carroll, 
 Jacob G. Davies, 
 James Harwood, 
 Richard Caton, 
 gustav w. lurman, 
 John Thomas, 
 
 Commissioners for carrying into effect the charter of the 
 Carroll White Sulphur Spring Co. 
 
 Baltimore, May n,\S38. 
 
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 313 903 7 
 
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