1 
 
 IN SEEING AMERICA FIRST 
 FIRST SEE NIAGARA FALLS 
 
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 TO 
 
 la^ra Ells| 
 
 WHAT TO SEE 
 HOW ToTsEE IT 
 
 Pric] 
 
 JOMN EDBAUEFO 
 
 PUBLISHER 
 
 G 25 
 
GREAT GORGE ROUTE 
 
 NIAGARA'S SCENIC RAILROAD 
 
 KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR THE SCENIC ''NIAGARA 
 
 BELT LINE" TRIP AROUND THE FALLS, TO CANADIAN 
 
 SIDE RETURNING UP THE AMERICAN SIDE THROUGH 
 
 THE WONDERFUL GORGE 
 
 The Only Service Through the Gorge 
 
 Cars Every 15 Minutes. $1.08 Round Trip. 
 
 ?^->*l 
 
 V "^w^. 
 
 Passing the Whirlpool Rapids 
 Take the All Scenic Rail and Water Route to 
 
 TORONTO 
 
 Great Gorge Route to Lewiston, N. Y., and the Canada Steamship 
 Lines' Large and Elegant Steamers to Toronto 
 
 4 ROUND TRIPS WEEK-DAYS AND SUNDAYS 
 
 From NIAGARA PALLS $2.97 ROUND TRIP 
 
 JOHN EDBAUER - .... General Passenger Agent 
 
 General Ticket Office: 38 West Falls St., Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
NEW GUIDE 
 
 AND 
 
 KEY TO NIAGARA FALLS 
 
 Published for the Convenience and Guidance of 
 Tourists and Visitors 
 
 THE INFORMATION CONVEYED IN THIS GUIDE IS 
 
 AUTHENTIC AND TAKEN FROM OFFICIAL 
 
 SOURCES AND IS THEREFORE 
 
 ACCURATE AND RELIABLE 
 
 JOHN EDBAUER, Publisher, 
 
 38 West Falls St., Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 604 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Copyright 1920, by John Edbauer. 
 
^, 
 
 
 ClAS?i8d9 
 
 L{\{^ lu iWA) 
 
THE MYSTERY OF NIAGARA 
 
 Age of the Cataract — Origin of Its Name. 
 
 The origin and age of Niag-ara can only be conjectured. Geolo- 
 g-ists have arrived at approximate 
 figures and have advanced various 
 theories respecting- the beginning of 
 the mig-hty catai-act. The maps 
 and pictorial works of the present 
 day g-ive Niagara as it looks to the 
 hundreds of thousands of tourists 
 ^' , ^ who visit the cataract yearly and 
 
 "::>;i*^««W marvel at its mighty flow. 
 \A The rate of the recession of the 
 1 falls is always an interesting sub- 
 H ject. Scientists who have given 
 I much study to this feature inform 
 V^ us that ten thousand years may 
 I * cover the period of the excavation 
 I of the present gorge and while be- 
 I fore the long ages of the glacial 
 t ice drift there was probably a pre- 
 _ — » .::.= i) glacial Niagara.' Careful measure- 
 ments, covering a period of sixty 
 years, show a retrosession of the 
 Falls of about 500 feet in a century, 
 although some authorities claim this allowance is too great. At 
 this rate of recession, it is estimated the Falls will move about 
 a mile southward in the next 1000 years. 
 
 The name "Niagara" is of Indian origin, the commonly ac- 
 cepted interpretation being "The Thunderer of the WateTS." 
 The name comes direct to us from the Iroquqis Indians who, 
 tradition informs us, acquired it from the Neuters, whom they 
 annihilated as a tribe, the survivors being absorbed by the Iro- 
 quois and the Senecas. About ftfty variations of the name "Ni- 
 agara" are known, but the present spelling has been used for 
 over 200 years. 
 
 Hennepin View 
 
 SIGHT-SEEING 
 
 Visitors to Niagara Falls will be able to make the best econ- 
 omic use of time by adhering to the following routes in sight- 
 seeing about the Falls. 
 
 NEW YORK STATE RESERVATION 
 
 That Niagara should be made free for the enjoyment of man- 
 kind seeons first to have occurred to two Scotch divines Who 
 pad this region a visit in 1834 and who said "Niagara does not 
 belong to America or Canada and such spots should be deemed 
 the property of civilized mankind." Other writers expressed 
 similar sentimeoit, which were really the beginning of the long 
 agitation that flnally resulted in "Free Niagai-a." The State 
 Reservation at Niagara was opened to the public July 15, 1885. 
 Its establishment was the result of the moveme-nt for the pre- 
 servation of the scenery of Niagara Falls and was the first in- 
 stance in the United States of the application of the rdght of 
 emine-nt domain for the preservation of scenic beauty. The 
 property Is owned bv the State of New York and is under the 
 control of five Commissioners appointed by the Governor. 
 
The history connected with the acquisition of this beautiful 
 park by New York State is highly interesting- but limited space 
 in this Guide will permit only a brief resume of the main facts, 
 as gathered from the hiistory of the State Reservation prepared 
 by Charles M. Dow, LL.D., who was a commissioner of the 
 Re'servation at Niagara from 1898 to 1914, and president of the 
 commission from 1913 to 1914. An area of 107 acres embracing 
 Goat Island and adjacent islands, Prospect Park, from fthe brink 
 of the Falls, to the Upper Steel Arch Bridge, and a strip of land 
 running from Prospect Park to Poit Day bordering on the river, 
 was purchased from private owners for $1,433,429.50. The work 
 of restoring these lands as nearly as possible to their pristine 
 beauty was immediately begun^ All traces of commercialism 
 were remove-d and there was finally evolved the wonderful Niag- 
 ara Park of today, a beauty spot that is not excelled in scenic 
 investiture anywhere in the world. 
 
 Access to all parts of the Reservation is absolutely free and 
 all points of interest on the Reservation are within walking dis- 
 tance. Automobile vans may be engaged for a trip about the 
 Reservation, letting off and taking on passengers at the various 
 places of interest. The Reservation van service covers the entire 
 Reservation. 
 
 The mainland of the Reservation is always open. The Islands 
 are open from 6 A. M. until sundown between May 1st and Oc- 
 tober 1st, and from 8 A. M, until sundown betweeen October 1st 
 and May 1st. 
 
 Permission to visit the Islands when not open to the public, 
 and in order to see the. Falls by moonlight, may be obtained from 
 the Superintendent at the Administration Building. 
 
 The morning is the best time to get the rainbow effects of 
 the American Fall. 
 
 There are no charges made for any other services by the 
 Reservation authorities, but concessionaries charge for carni-age 
 service, the trip on the "Maid of the Mist," and attendant at 
 the Gave of the Winds. 
 
 Administration Building 
 
 The State Reservation at Niagara contains about 412 acres, 
 300 of which are under water. It comprises a strip on the main- 
 land extending from a point near the steel arch bridge below the 
 
Falls, up the river I14 miles to Port Day, which is at the intake 
 of the Schoellkopf Canal, together with some fifteen islands lying 
 between the mainland and Horseshoe Fall, through the apex of 
 which runs the boundary line between the United States and the 
 Dominion of Canada. 
 
 There is no trolley service through the Park or Islands, but 
 automobiles and carriages are there to serve the public. The 
 Superintendent of the Niagara Reservation requests that all 
 vioIa.tions of regulations or discourteous treatment on the part 
 of anyone be promptly reported at his office in the Administra- 
 tion Building. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 
 
 In the Park is the handsome Administration Building in 
 whiich are located the offices of the Reservation Commissioners, 
 the executive offices of the Reservation Staff, the rest rooms for 
 visitors, etc. This handsome structure fronts on Riverway and 
 is imposing in its architectural design and in keeping in its dig- 
 nity with its environment. 
 
 SCENIC NIAGARA 
 
 Scenic Nagara holds out the same attraction today for the 
 civilized world that it has always offered. Though man has 
 harnessed the great flow of the Niagara River to his economical 
 uses, yet the marvelous beauty of the mighty cataract and its 
 environment is unimpaired. Niagara is the chief shrine of the 
 world for those who seek Nature's most sublime handiwork. 
 As an inspiring spectacle it has no equal. 
 
 Every American citizen who can do so, sihould see this great 
 spe-ctade before visiting any foreign land, and no traveler from 
 another country should leave America until this wonder of Na- 
 ture has been added to his store of personal experiences. 
 
 A glimpse of Niagara can be had in a day. In two days, 
 a fair inspection of its many beauties can be made — but a longer 
 visit can be most profitably made for there are ever new delights 
 to experience, new vistas to admire, new marvels to command 
 attention and arouse a spirit of awe and reverence in the con- 
 templation of God's great work in shaping this majestic spec- 
 tacle. Ten days at Niagara is none too long for those who would 
 know its real beauties and transcendent delights. 
 
 There is nauglht now to interfere with the visiitor in the 
 pursuit of pleasure. All annoyances have Vjeen eliminated and 
 every facility for full and free enjoyment is placed at one's dis- 
 posal. The Canadian Government has matched the generous 
 action of the Empire State and created a magnificent sister park 
 oil Lhat side of the river so that uuresu-'icted views may be had 
 from all angles and from the best possible vantage points. 
 
 Tourists arriving at Niagara Falls on trains are within four 
 blocks of the Falls and Prospect Park (easy walking distance). 
 
 High Speed Line (electric terminal directly opposite Falls 
 and Park). 
 
 PROSPECT PARK 
 
 One naturally begins a sight-seeing trip at Niagara wJth 
 a visit to Proape-ct Park. This is a delightful, wooded expanse 
 of parkland bordering on the American upper rapids, Falls and 
 Gorge. It contains about ten acres and has a frontage of 1,000 
 feet along the river chasm and of 500 feet along the rapids above 
 the American Fall. 
 
The spot is marked by a tablet and named in honor of the 
 Franciscan priest, Father Hennepin, who gave the world the 
 first description of Niagara. 
 
 American, Luna and Horseshoe Falls. 
 6 
 
PROSPECT POINT 
 
 From 
 P rospect 
 Point an 
 unexcelled 
 view of the 
 Falls and 
 G o r g- e can 
 be obtained. 
 The per- 
 spective 
 from this 
 point is 
 saiid to be 
 the best at 
 Niag^ara. In 
 panoramic 
 view one 
 beholds the 
 American 
 Fall, the 
 Luna Fall, 
 the Cana- 
 dian Horse- 
 shoe Fall, 
 
 the Islands that divide the cataract, the frowning cliffs of the 
 Canadian escarpment, the Gorge, the International Bridges span- 
 ning the boundary stream, and in the far distance, the first line 
 of breakers indicating the beginning of that terrible stretch of 
 troubled waters — ^the Whirlpool Rapids. 
 
 View from Prospect Point 
 
 THE ELEVATOR TO FOOT OF FALLS 
 
 A modern elevator operated by the New York State Gov- 
 ernment replaced the old Inclined Railway which carried visi- 
 tors down into the Gorge and to the foot of the American Falls. 
 The elevator descends in a few minutes to the foot of the Falls 
 just below Prospect Point. The fare is five cents each way. 
 The descent may also be made by a free flight of stairs or 
 by a path up Talus Slope. The grandeur and sublimity 
 of the cataract is better appreciated from the foot of the Fall 
 than from any other point. The elevator also reaches the Ameri- 
 can dock of the "Maid of the Mist," where you may take the 
 steamer "Maid of the Mist" trip which seems like an adven- 
 ture into the unreal, those powerful little boats that plow their 
 way through the powerful current almost to the very foot of 
 the majestic Falls. Starting from the landing at the foot of 
 Prospect Point, these staunch little craft ride the weaves in se- 
 curity, affording passengers an unexcelled view of both the 
 Horseshoe and American Falls. Cost of this trip, including loan 
 of a rubber suit, is 75 cents. The trip consumes 45 minutes, 
 steamers leaving every half hour. 
 
 HENNEPIN VIEW 
 
 At Hennepin View, the elevation just below Prospect Point, 
 stood Father Louis Hennepin in 1678 when he drew the first pic- 
 ture made of Niag-ara Falls. At the eastern end of the Reserva- 
 tion is Old French Landing, used by La Salle and Hennepin, and 
 Indian. French and British traders. 
 
 This is a fine vantage point for a view of the Falls and Gorge. 
 It is but a short distance down the river from Prospect Point. 
 
AMERICAN AND HORSESHOE FALLS 
 
 t 
 
 The height of 
 the American 
 Fall is 167 feet; 
 of the Horseshoe 
 Fall, 158 feet. 
 The length of the 
 crest of the 
 Ametrican Fall 
 under water is 
 1,030 feet; of the 
 Horseshoe Fall, 
 2,450 feet The 
 average depth of 
 the American 
 Fall is 1.5 feet, 
 of the Horseshoe 
 Fall, 7.9 feet. 
 The recession of 
 the American 
 Fall is slight; 
 that of the Horse- 
 shoe Fall aver- 
 ages between four and five feet annually at the apex. The total 
 fall of the Niagara River betweeen Lake Erie and Lake Ontario 
 is 326 feet. 
 
 According to the measurements of the United States Engi- 
 neer Corps the average flow of the Niagara River is 222,400 cubic 
 feet per second and the minimum flow about 165,300 cubic feet 
 peT second. It is estimated that of this about one-sixth passes 
 over the American Fall and five-sixths over the Horseshoe Fall. 
 Average recession along whole contour Horseshoe Fall, about 
 3% ft. per year. Drop in river from Buffalo to Upper Rapids 
 10.36 ft.; from Upper Rapids to brink of Falls, 49 ft.; drop at 
 American Falls, 167 ft.; from below Falls to Lower Rapids, 99 ft.; 
 
 ^^M^ 
 
 
 lluminating and View Point 
 
 ■^■#^^^^' 
 
 Goat Island Bridge 
 
from Lewiston to Lake Ontario, 6 ft.; total fall in River from 
 Lake Erie to Lake Ontario (distance of 37 miles), 326 feet. 
 
 The Falls have been called the "clock of creation," as their 
 recession from Lewiston best measures the time elapsed since the 
 first record of man upon earth. Prof. Hitchcok, the geolog-ist, 
 has e«tiinated the period of recession as 49,600 years. 
 
 GOAT ISLAND BRIDGE 
 
 The most interesting route on leaving Prospect Park is along 
 the Rapid's edge toward Goat Island Bridge. 
 
 Passing onto Goat Island Bridge you obtain a new view of 
 the tumultuous waters of the Upper Rapids as they dash and 
 tumble in endless cascades and billows to disappear over the 
 crest into the Gorge below. The present Goat Island Bridge was 
 erected by the State of New York in 1901. The first bridge was 
 constructed in 1817 about 500 feet above the present structure 
 and carried away by the ice a year later. Another bridge was 
 constructed on the same site in the same year, which remained. 
 In 1901 the State built the present handsome stone arch struc- 
 ture. 
 
 GREEN ISLAND 
 Goat Island Bridge leads to Green Island, named in honor of 
 Andrew H. Green of New York, the first president of the Niagara 
 State Reservation Commission. 
 
 Green Island is about one acre in extent. It was formerly 
 called Bath Island. Previous to "Free Niagara," it was the site 
 of several paper mills that derived their power from the flow of 
 the river. Below Green Island are two small Islands known as 
 Brig and Ship Islands. A bridge at one time connected Batlh 
 Island and Brig Island, but was carried away years ago by the 
 ice and never rebuilt. 
 
 GOAT ISLAND 
 
 The Goat Island Bridge 
 continues by another short 
 span from Green Island to 
 Goat Island. This beauti- 
 ful wooded island which 
 Basel Hunt has declared to 
 be the most beautiful spot 
 in America is about half a 
 mile lonp- and a quarter of 
 a mile broad, and contains 
 about 70 acres. This island 
 separates the American 
 and Canadian Falls. The 
 Indians regarded this 
 island as sacred, the abode 
 of the Great Spirit. It was 
 a favorite burying ground 
 for the chiefs and for the 
 Goat Island Bridge and Rapids bodies of the maidens who 
 
 made the sacrificial trip 
 over the Falls each year as a religious rite. 
 
 Goat Island has long been a favorite resort of botanists who 
 declare they have found on it over 400 different speOies and kindg 
 of plants and trees. 
 
 This island was originally called "Iris Island," obtaining its 
 present name from a singular incident. In the fall of 1770, John 
 Stedman, who claimed ownership of the island under a deed of 
 "land on the American side of the river," obtained from the 
 Seneca Indians, placed thereon for safety from the wolves, a 
 
Rock of Ages — Cave of the Winds 
 
 10 
 
number of animals, among them a goat. The winter was severe 
 and by spring- all the animals save the goat hacl perished. Thus 
 the place derived the name "Goat Island," a cognomen that has 
 clung to it ever since. 
 
 In entering Goat Island one ascends the hill and takes the 
 right hand path. A main drive and footpath extend entire-y 
 around the island. The first point of interest, on turning to the 
 rig^ht, is Stedman's Bluff where the Falls may be seen from new 
 angles. 
 
 LUNA ISLAND 
 
 This far-famed little island is reached by a stone staircase 
 and a rustic stone bridge whicji passes over the stream that 
 forms the Center or Bridal Veil Pall. Under the Fall, in the 
 cavern formed by the recessed cliff, is the celebrated Cave of 
 the Winds. At this point has been erected a delightful shelter 
 house where the visitor is prepared for his explorations "Under 
 the Falls." This note-d attraction, famous the world over as 
 Niagara's most thrilling experience, is well worthy of every 
 visitor's patronage. 
 
 Cave of the Winds 
 
 CAVE OF THE WINDS 
 
 A visit to Niagara is not complete without a trip to the Cave 
 of the Winds under Niagara's mighty Cataract and through the 
 wonderful cavern. Do not de^feat the primary object of your Long 
 trip to view this masterpiece of nature by leaving the city with- 
 out enjoying the delightful experience of a visit to this scenic 
 wonder. 
 
 Each visitor to the Cave of the Winds is provided with a 
 complete suit of flannel and rubber and a competent guide, in- 
 suring comfort and safety. This ser\'ice can be obtained at the 
 Cave of the Winds shelter house and dre-ssing room on Goat 
 Island. The charge is $1.00 per person, everything included. 
 Trip consumes about 45 minutes. 
 
 Every year the ice and snow and storms of winter carry 
 away the bridges to the Cave and must be rebuilt each spring 
 at considerable expense and at great personal danger to the 
 workmen who are forced to cling to the slippery rocks in the 
 spray and spume while they lay the stringers and build the 
 super -structure over which the visitor passes in perfect safety. 
 
 11 
 
TERRAPIN POINT 
 
 Terrapin Point or Terrapin Rocks, also known as Horshoe 
 or Prospect Tower, which was used for observation purposes, is 
 the next point of vantage on the trip around Goat Island. It 
 was built in 1833. In 1873, owing- to the recession of the Falls 
 and the crumbling away of large sections of the rocky parapet 
 near the tower, the structure was considered unsafe and was 
 blown up. 
 
 At Terrapin Point one gets the best view of the Horseshoe 
 Falls. The whole panoramic view is spread out in delightful 
 perspective. 
 
 THREE SISTER ISLANDS 
 
 Bridge to the Third Sister Island 
 
 Continuing the 
 jfoumey airound 
 Goat Island, next 
 ono comes to the 
 T hree Sister 
 Islands which are 
 very interesting 
 and should not be 
 miissed. These 
 islands were con- 
 nected with Goat 
 Island by ihand- 
 some suspenision 
 brfidges in 1868, 
 but have since 
 been replaced by 
 more modern and 
 picturesque 
 structures of 
 stone and steel. 
 
 From these 
 islands may be 
 obtained the 
 grandest views of 
 
 the upper Niagara Rapids 
 on account of their loca- 
 tion. The islet at the foot 
 of the Third Sister Island 
 is called Little Brother 
 Island. It has never been 
 bridged, but in ' seasons of 
 low water, or during ice 
 jams in the winter, it may 
 be reached by the more 
 venturesome. 
 
 Bridge to the Sister Islands 
 THE HERMIT'S CASCADE 
 
 The "Hermit's Cascade" is best seen from the First Sister 
 Island Bridge. It is so called because Francis Abbott, the her- 
 mit of Niagara made this spot his rendezvous. He lived this 
 
 12 
 
solitary life for a period of two years. He wrote considerably, 
 mostly in Latin, but destroyed his manuscripts almost immedi- 
 ately after they were written. He lost his life whi^.e bathing' 
 near Prospect Park in 1831 and his body was recovered and 
 buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Niagara Palls near the body of 
 Captain Webb. 
 
 HEAD OF GOAT ISLAND 
 While the visitor may return to Goat Island Bridgre by fol- 
 lowing the path directly east from the Three Sister Islands, 
 there are many pleasures to be experienced by continuing to 
 the head of the Island. 
 
 The Spring is 
 the next point of 
 interest Goat 
 Island offers to 
 the viBiitor. For 
 many years this 
 fountain of cool, 
 clear water bub- 
 bled up from be- 
 tween the rocks, 
 an oasis for the 
 thirsty sig'ht-seeT. 
 WTietti the State 
 took over the 
 land about Nag- 
 ara the Spring 
 vreceived atten- 
 tion. A rocky 
 grotto was built 
 and other im- 
 provements made 
 )for the enjoy- 
 ment and con- 
 veTilience of the 
 visitors. It is situated in a cool glen close to the edge of the 
 rushing rapids and is a very delightful spot for rest and recrea- 
 tion. 
 
 THE RIVERSIDE DRIVE 
 Crossing back to the mainland you approach the Riverside 
 Drive which skirts the river and rapids as far upstream as Port 
 Day which is the source of the great canal feeding the power 
 plants of the Niagara Falls Power Co. This drive cannot be 
 equalled for beauty and unique scenery anywhere on the Ameri- 
 can Continent. 
 
 TOUR AROUND THE ISLANDS. 
 
 May be made on foot, but the most comfortable and enjoyable 
 way is by auto sight-seeing cars starting from within Prospect 
 Park. The fare is 50 cents which allows free stop-over privileges 
 at all points of interest, and continuing on any following auto of 
 the same line, or you can start from the N. Y. C. R. R. train 
 shed (inside). The popular trip among tourists' is the combination 
 Niagara Belt Line-Auto Trip which includes the trip around the 
 Islands after which the passenger is taken to the Niagara Belt 
 Line car (at Great Gorge Route Office) for the scenic trip across 
 the Upper Steel Arch Bridge, to Horseshoe Falls, Canadian side 
 to Queenston, thence crossing the only suspension bridge to 
 Lewiston, N. Y. (Queenston, Ont., and Lewiston, N. Y., are Ports 
 of Call, Toronto Steamers). At Lewiston, N. Y., the return trip is 
 
 13 
 
 The Spring 
 
beg-un up the American side through the famous Gorge in full 
 view of the mighty Whirlpool and Whirlpool Rapids, returning 
 the passeng-er to starting point. Tickets for this combination 
 trip, $1,58. For the above trips arrange with the Niagara Falls 
 Transfer Co., inside N. Y. C. R. R. train shed. Time consumed 
 for the combination trip, 3 hours. 
 
 AUTO AND CARRIAGE TRIPS. 
 
 The visitor may spend many pleasant hours on auto and 
 carriage trips in industrial sections offering a great attraction 
 for those interested in this line. For Niagara Falls is the centre 
 of the electro-chemical industry of America, — an industry that 
 played an important part in the World War. Then there are the 
 g-reat power plants on both sides of the river that harness 
 Niagara's mighty energy. 
 
 OTHER PLACES OF INTEREST. 
 
 The State lands at Niagara do not embrace all of the points 
 of interest, for there are wonderful sights below the State 
 Reservation on the American side of the river, and many at- 
 tractive spots along the Canadian shore. Along the lower 
 stretches of the Niagara Gorge are four wonderful bridges. 
 
 BRIDGE HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 Upper Steel Arch Bridge, sitviated about one-eighth of a mile 
 north of the Falls. It is 1240 feet long. 46 feet wide, 192 feet 
 above the surface of the river, arch span 840 feet, one of the 
 largest in the world. It is operated and owned by the International 
 Railway Co., accommodating troiJey, vehicular and foot traffic. 
 From this bridg-e a fine general view of the Falls and lower river 
 may be obtained. The present bridge is the third to be located 
 at this point. The first suspension bridge was opened for traffic 
 January 2, 1869, and was remodelled 1887-8 and blown down 
 January 10, 1889. A new suspension bridge was opened for traffic 
 in 1890 and taken down in 1898 when the present bridge was 
 erected. The fare (ride or walk) ten cents round trip. 
 
 The Cantilever Bridge, owned by the Michigan Central R. R., 
 was constructed on the Cantilever principle. It is about one mile 
 and a half north of the upper steel arch bridge and was built for 
 railroad traffic only. The total length is 910 feet, span 470 feet, 
 opened for traffic December 6. 1883. 
 
 Lower Steel Arch or Trand Trunk Railway Bridge — Located 
 about a mile and three-q .arters north of the Falls at almost the 
 narrowest point (300 feet). In 1848 the first carriage bridge was 
 built on this site. The present great structure was erected in 
 1897. In addition to the railroad deck on top there is a separate 
 deck below for vehicular and passenger traffic. The second deck 
 is 230 feet above the surface of the water. The arch span is 550 
 feet. The bridge is owned by the Grand Trunk Railway Co. The 
 fare (walk or ride) is 10 cents round trip. 
 
 Lewiston-Queenston Suspension Bridge — Spans the river at 
 the foot of the Queenston and Lewiston escarpments where the 
 country on both sides of the river flattens into beautiful orchards 
 and vineyards on both sides of the river. It was built for the 
 accommodation of trolley cars traversing the Niagara Belt Line 
 Rovite, one of the most interesting scenic rides in America. The 
 present bridge is the second to span the river at this point. The 
 tirst bridge was opened to traffic in 1850 and was blown down by 
 a hurricane in 1864. The present structure was opened to the 
 public in July, 1899. It is 60 feet above the river and 840 feet 
 long. It is owned by the International Railway Co. The fare 
 (walk or ride) is 10 cents round trip. 
 
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 15 
 
LEWISTON, N. Y. 
 
 Great Gorge Route Car — Whirlpool Rapids 
 
 Lewiston was 
 destroyed by the 
 IJritish in the war 
 of 1812 and re- 
 built when peace 
 was declared. 
 During the sum- 
 mer months the 
 steamers of the 
 Canada Steamship 
 Lines ply between 
 Toronto, Queen- 
 ston, Ontario and 
 Lewiston, N. Y. 
 The Great Gorgre 
 Route, Interna- 
 tional Railway 
 and the New York 
 Central R. R. 
 make direct con- 
 nections with 
 these steamers. 
 
 WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS. 
 
 Some idea of the tremendous rush and power of the river at 
 this point may be gained from the fact that the entire volume of 
 water from the upper lakes discharges itself through the nar- 
 rowest channel of the river which, at this point, is less than 300 
 feet wide. Current about 27 miles, approximate depth from 150- 
 200 feet deep. 
 
 "One always experiences a vivid emotion from the sight of 
 the Rapids," writes William Dean Howells, "no matter how often 
 one sees them. ... I had schooled myself for great impres- 
 sions, but I had not counted upon the Rapids taking me by the 
 throat, as it were, and making my heart stop. I still think that 
 the Rapids are the most striking part of the spectacle." 
 
 Although no other rapids in the world equal in velocity and 
 power, these great rapids, the little steam boat "Maid of the 
 Mist" was piloted safely through the mighty waves by Joel R. 
 Robinson, June 16, 1861. The boat ran the gauntlet of these 
 terrible waters to escape 
 
 seizure as it was mortgag- ___ 
 
 ed and libeled, hence the f~ ^ 
 
 reason for the perilous trip. 
 
 On July 24, 1883, Captain 
 Matthew Webb lost his life 
 in a brave but foolhardy 
 attempt to swim the 
 rapids without the aid of 
 life preservers. His body 
 was found three days later 
 near Lewiston, N. Y. 
 
 The fare down the ele- 
 vator on the Canadian side 
 is 50 cents. On the Ameri- 
 can side no charge is made 
 to view the Whirlpool 
 Rapids, as the Great 
 Gorge Route cars pass 
 along the water's edge and 
 permits free stop-over 
 privileges. 
 
 16 
 
 Whirlpool Inlet and Outlet 
 
THE 
 WHIRL- 
 
 POOL 
 RAPIDS 
 
 BY 
 SEARCH- 
 LIGHT 
 
 This is a sight never to be forgotten. Eighty 
 thousand candle power in reflected arch lamps and 
 30-inch U. S. Navy Searchlight Projector continually 
 changing colors are directed at the mighty waves of 
 the Rapids, the effect of which baffles all description and a sight 
 never to be forgotten. The illuminated searchlight car with the 
 powerful searchlight precedes the passenger carrying cars which 
 start from the foot of Falls Street at 9.30 p. m,, every Monday, 
 Wednesday and Friday, July 7th to August 29th, inclusive, return- 
 ing one hour and fifteen minutes later. The round trip fare is 35c. 
 Purchase these tickets at the Great Gorge ticket office. 
 
 THE WHIRLPOOL. 
 
 This great basin, which lies at the foot of frowning walls that 
 line the magnificent gorge, has been formed by the action of the 
 relentless rush of waters which for ages past have been swept 
 against its granite walls. Here the river again rests awhile, cir- 
 cling around in sullen whirls. Huge floating logs are sometimes 
 seen suddenly tossing their ends high in the air to be sucked 
 down only a moment later into the vortex of the maelstrom. It 
 is a weird and uncanny place. All at once the waters find their 
 exit, and springing into motion afresh, set off again on their way 
 to the sea. 
 
 The river at the outlet of the whirlpool is only 25 rods across. 
 The rocky cliffs are 350 feet high. The whirlpool covers 60 acres 
 and is about 200 feet deep although no exact soundings of the 
 enormous depth have been recently made. The old outlet, show- 
 ing that the river at one time flowed into Lake Ontario at a 
 point about 20 miles west of the present location of its mouth can 
 still be traced via the St. David's Ravine. 
 
 DEVIL'S HOLE AND BLOODY RUN. 
 
 The Devil's Hole is a weird spot, 
 and was at one time a mighty cavern, 
 famed in the legends of the red men 
 as the abiding place of the Evil 
 Spirits, which gave it the name. 
 
 History tells us that the French ex- 
 plorer. La Salle, was the first white 
 man to see this cavern, in 1678. Not 
 quite a century later, on September 
 14, 1763, the same cavern was the 
 scene of a blood-curdling massacre 
 soon after the bloody French and In- 
 dian war. At the top of the bank an 
 English provision train, guarded by a 
 company of regulars, was ambuscad- 
 ed by a horde of Seneca Indians. 
 They swooped down on the unsus- 
 pecting Englishmen, and, out of about 
 90 men, all but three were either 
 butchered or thrown over the awful 
 blink — horses, wagons and all driven 
 pell mell over the cliff. One drummer 
 boy, named Matthews, escaped death 
 
 18 
 
 Passing Devil's Hole 
 
by falling- into a tree and being caught in the branches by the 
 strap of his drum. One of the others to escape was the officer in 
 charge of the train, named Steadman, who broke through the 
 ambuscade, mounted on a fleet horse. The cavern contains many 
 interesting- features, the great Council Rock, the Mysterious Cave, 
 .and the bed of Bloody Run Creek, so named from its running red 
 with the blood of the awful massacre in 1763. 
 
 ! NIAGARA'S FAMOUS SCENIC NIAGARA BELT LINE TRIP 
 
 i One may have a choice of ways, but the most attractive is to 
 ^ start in one of the Niag-ara Belt Line cars which leave Niagara 
 ^ Falls every 15 minutes (and every hour during- the winter months) 
 and may be boarded at the New York Central depot, Great Gorge 
 ; Route office, International Ry. Terminal, or along the route. 
 
 Gorge Route — Whirlpool Rapids — Niagara Belt Line Cars 
 
 THE WORLD FAMOUS SCENIC GORGE TRIP AROUND 
 THE FALLS AND THROUGH THE GORGE 
 
 As lig-ht is required to bring out the colors of the rainbow, 
 so is a trip around the Niagara Belt Line necessary to bring out 
 the true beauties and grandeur of the American and Horseshoe 
 Falls, the g-reat Whirlpool Rapids, the wonderful Gorge, and the 
 magnificent scenery that has made Niagara world-famous. Be- 
 fore the g-reat lines of electric traction were established at the 
 Falls it was impossible to gain access to the many points of 
 interest now reached with ease by the wonderful trolley system 
 encircling- the Gorge, which, for a distance of over twenty miles, 
 continually presents to the tourist an ever-changing panorama of 
 wonderful scenery. The scenic tour jointly arranged by the Inter- 
 national Railway and the Niagara Gorge Railroad, the former 
 operating- the electric line along the Canadian side of the river 
 and the g^reat bridg-es at Niagara Falls and Queenston; and the 
 Niagara Gorge Railroad, or "Great Gorg-e Route." which follows 
 through the Niagara canyon from Lewiston to the Falls along 
 the water's edge, enables the traveler to make this wonderful 
 ride at Niagara without change of cars. 
 
 Boarding- one of these observation cars, designated "Niagara 
 Belt Line," the tourist is carried to the American approach of 
 the great Steel Arch Bridge spanning the Niagara River a few 
 himdred feet below the Falls, and over this remarkable structure 
 to Canada. As the car slowly moves over the bridge, one of the 
 grandest and most perfect views of the Falls is gradually unfold- 
 
 19 
 
ed, and in its course for nearly one mile up the river on the 
 Canadian side this magnificent view of the American and 
 Horseshoe Falls is ever present to the eye, always from a new 
 point of vantage, until the car reaches Table Rock, almost at the 
 brink of the Horseshoe Fall. Here the tourist may remain, if he 
 so desires, continuing- his journey on some later car. From this 
 
 Panoramic View of American and Horseshoe Falls, 
 as seen from Niagara Belt Line Cars 
 point may also be seen the Canadian rapids, above the Falls, and 
 the wild and plunging waters in the mad rush before leaping into 
 the chasm. Proceeding down the Canadian side to Queenston the 
 car crosses the Lewiston bridge to Lewiston, where the return 
 trip is down through the Gorge, directly passing the Whirlpool 
 and Whirlpool Rapids, returning the passenger to the starting 
 point in Niagara Falls. The Round Trip fare for this unequalled 
 Scenic Tour is but $1.08. 
 
 FORT NIAGARA AND FORT NIAGARA BEACH 
 
 Historic Fort 
 
 T^^'^'V ~ ■■ -"^ Niagara and Fort 
 
 ^j' ^ Niagara Beach 
 
 "^^'S^r^-'i^ ' a,re located at the 
 
 \t,Kt^^^M^^^'^^ ^ ' mouth of Niagara 
 
 River on Liake 
 Ontario (Ameri- 
 can side) opposite 
 Fort Mississau- 
 qua on Niagara - 
 on-the-Lake, 1 B 
 miles north of 
 Niagara Falls. 
 This trip may 
 be taken in con- 
 nection with the 
 Niagara Be It 
 Line by changing 
 cars at Lewiston. 
 N. Y. Round trip 
 far from Lewiston 
 25c. Or you maj' 
 go direct to Fort 
 
 Entrance Fort Niagara Beach 
 
 20 
 
Niagara from Niagara Falls, N. Y., at a round trip fare of $1.03. 
 After 11:30 a.m. the round trip fare is 54 cents. 
 
 After leaving Lewiston the cars pass through the richest 
 fruit growing district in Western New York. Niagara county 
 has a najtional reputation for the production of its excellent 
 quality of orchard fruits and the Great Gorge Route passes 
 through the center of this section. This trip is noit only inter- 
 esting and instructive, but exceedingly delightful during the hot 
 summer months when the breezes from Lake Ontario and the 
 Ningnra River are most invigorating. 
 
 Castle, Fort Niagara 
 
 Arrtiving at Fort Niagara an entire day can be spent to good 
 advantage viewing the old landmarks, buildings and relics of the 
 war of 1812. 
 
 The modern barracks and training camp used by Uncle Sam 
 to pr-epare thousands of men during the world war will also 
 prove of the utmost interest. 
 
 Adjoining the government reservation on the east is Fort 
 Niagara Beach which offers many attractions, including an ex- 
 cellent bathing beach, boating and fishing. Dancing evenings. 
 Summ»er cottages are rented by the week, month Or season, as 
 the beach is an ideal place to spend a day, week or month in 
 healthful rest and recreation. Meals and refreshments are served 
 in the dindng room at reasonable rates. For cottage reservations 
 write Mr. Harry G. Mclntyre, Manager Fort Niagara Beach, 
 Youngstown, N. Y. Tickets for the trip to the beach must be 
 purchased at the Great Gorge Route ticket office, as no excur- 
 sion tickets are sold on cars. 
 
 THE ILLUMINATION OF NIAGARA FALLS 
 
 You have never really looked upon Niagara Falls until you 
 have beheld the American Falls and the Rapids, at night, pierced 
 and lifted out of the darkness by a light flood of 50,000,000 candle 
 power. 
 
 21 
 
After years of experiment, dreams and the expenditure of 
 thousands of dollars, an effective system of lighting has been 
 the American Rapids and American Falls of Niagara, August 
 26th, 1916, and with niglit for a frame, threw up out of the dark- 
 ness the sublimity of emerald torrent crashing white and writh- 
 ing mists, a dream of many decades came true, and the City of 
 
 (Copyright, Davis Lighting System) 
 Illumination American, Luna Falls and Bridge 
 
 Niagara Falls accepted the system as a permanent feature and 
 arranged for nightly illuminations from June 1st to October 1st, 
 after which it is discontinued each year as it is not practicable 
 to operate the batteries during the winter on account of the ice 
 formation at the foot of the Falls. 
 
 (Copyright Davis Lighting System) 
 
 Illumination of American Falls 
 
 22 
 
This system is The Davis System of Flood Lighting which 
 does away with the glare and blinding force of the searchlight 
 found and installed, and when the switch was turned which shot 
 the light of 50,000,000 candles through the torrent and spray or 
 heretofore tried, and is at the same time economical and effective. 
 A Flood Light is distinguished from a search or spot-light where 
 the rays are concentrated in that it diffuses or spreads its beams 
 over a wide area. It is the invention of Will J. Davis, Jr., of Chi- 
 cago, son and namesake of a distinguished theatrical manager 
 and the late Jessie Bartlett Davis, whose memory is inseparable 
 from this history of the American stage as prima donna of the 
 old Bostonians. 
 
 The Iroquois Theatre fire of Chicago inspired The Davis Flood 
 Light because when that appalling catastrophe occurred the in- 
 ventor, then twenty years of age, was assistant treasurer of the 
 theatre and passed through it. 
 
 He had discovered a way in which he could multiply and dif- 
 fuse a thousand-fold the beams of a nitrogen incandescent light 
 in a hood of steel, fitted with parabolic reflectors. 
 
 Five great batteries now light the American Falls and Rapids. 
 There are 100 lights in all which send forth an equivalent of the 
 rays of 50,000,000 candles, each light having the strength of 500,- 
 000. The batteries are placed two above and below the mainland 
 below Prospect Point and the fifth on Luna Point. There is 
 nothing to offend the eye or to blind it. This enormous volume 
 of lights goes through the water, not against it, nor behind it. 
 As each light has an illuminating area of 200,000 square feet the 
 beams are never beaten back against the eye. A device never 
 before used has destroyed the focal point and disintegrates it, 
 but this does not dim the light itself. 
 
 Area lighted — 
 the American 
 Falls and Upper 
 Rapids. 
 
 Total number of 
 light batteries — 
 five. 
 
 Total number of 
 lamps — 100. 
 
 Illuminat- 
 ing power of 
 each lamp — 500,- 
 000 candles. 
 
 Aggregate can- 
 dle power vised — 
 50,000,000 candles. 
 
 I 1 1 u m i n a t - 
 i n g area of each 
 lamp — 200,000 
 square feet. 
 
 K) (metric power 
 
 required — 100 
 
 horsepower. 
 
 System designed by Mr. Will J. Davis, Jr., of The Davis 
 
 Lighting System. Construction supervised by Mr. Ray Hendrick 
 
 of the Hydraulic Power Company. 
 
 Electric installation by Mr. F. W. Scott of the Hydraulic 
 Power Company. 
 
 Niagara At Night 
 
 23 
 
NIAGARA IN WINTER 
 
 7/ 
 
 A very 
 large number 
 of the pleas- 
 ure resorts of 
 the country 
 lose their ai- 
 tractive- 
 ness with the 
 coming- of 
 winter, but 
 this is not so 
 with Niagara. 
 The beauty is 
 of a different 
 style, but 
 then it is so 
 thorough- 
 ly entrancing- 
 that many 
 who have 
 viewed Niag- 
 ara in both 
 seasons find 
 it difficult, in- 
 deed, to give 
 preference to 
 either scene. 
 The fact is, 
 that America 
 contains 
 many places 
 that are truly 
 beautiful i n 
 summer, 
 while the 
 world does 
 not know an- 
 other spot 
 
 where King Winter reigns in such joyous beauty as about the 
 waterfall of Niagara. 
 
 Imagine, if you can, the most delicate twigs, shrubs, bushes 
 and great trees, big rocks and shapely/ railings, all hewn from 
 purest marble. Conceive of the beauty and whiteness, and finish 
 them with the most clever touches that a hand more skilled 
 than man's is able to give to them. Picture this all in reality; 
 and, over all, the smothered roar of the cataract, as though an- 
 gered at the apparent effort of winter's p-rasp to make it prisoner. 
 Each day the superb whiteness is renewed in all its purity, and 
 thus, while it lasts, the spectacle is one of dazzling beauty. In 
 fact, Niagara in Winter is a veritable fairyland! 
 
 It has been well said that those who have viewed Niagara 
 only in summer have but half seen it. With the coming of the 
 cold days, Niagara prepares for the wonderful transformation. 
 When winter's breath sweeps across the falls, and down the Gorge, 
 it goes laden with tiny spray-drops, which it carries all about. 
 As these drops settle, they are congealed, and the creation of 
 the winter glory begins. 
 
 This transformation is truly marvelous. The depo.^it of 
 frozen spray becomes so great, so heavy, that the big monarchs 
 of the forest bow their heads, and break under the weight. Kissed 
 
 25 
 
 Giant Icicles and Ice Mounds 
 
by the bright sun, this frost work sparkles like millions of dia- 
 monds, and the eye that does not admire it all is blind. 
 
 The points where the winter scene at Niagara Is especially 
 enjoyable are in Prospect Park, on Luna Island, on Goat Island, 
 at Terrapin Point, and along the Goat Island shore up toward the 
 
 [M 
 
 
 Bridge to Terrapin Rocks 
 
 Three Sister Islands. These places are on the New York State 
 Reservation. The Canadian side has its spots of remarkable 
 beauty in delightful Victoria Park. 
 
 Along the very crest of the waterfall, the ice forms in great 
 masses, and parts of the fall are stilled. Then the face of the 
 cliff is covered by great stalactical masses of ice, that hang sus- 
 pended in a weird manner. Up from the rocky talus, at the base 
 
 ^iJ5 
 
 n* 
 
 fm"^^ 
 
 The Ice Mounds Below American Falls 
 
 of the American Fall, huge stalagmitical mounds rear their heads 
 until they also conceal the remaining falling waters of this por- 
 tion of the cataract. 
 
 The first freezing spell starts the ice mountain, and its foun- 
 dation is laid close by the foot of the American Fall, adjoining 
 
 26 
 
the Prospect Park Electric Elevator, and it is here that, later on, 
 people from all parts of the world view this great sight. 
 
 In time there comes down from Lake Erie, a tremendous 
 floe of ice. It covers the upper Niagara, from the Falls to the 
 lake, and, plunging over the precipice into the Gorge, lodges in the 
 eddies close by the Falls, and soon a bridge is formed over the 
 rapid running stream by the small cakes of ice, the force of the 
 rushing waters jamming it tightly, thus forming the ice bridge, a 
 mystifying structure, and it is difficult to understand how tiny 
 particles of ice can form a bridge of such wonderful strength 
 over a roaring river like the Niagara. The bridges are not 
 formed by the stream freezing over, but rather by the ice cakes 
 tossing up in the air, and being held there, while the river rushes 
 along at its customary flow below. Deep crevices form in the 
 bridge, each one going to reveal the marvelous creation of the 
 mass, for one may look far down in the^ and not see any water. 
 
 THE ICE BRIDGE TRAGEDY 
 
 The tragedies of Niagara have been many. Some unfortunates 
 have voluntarily sought surcease from their troubles by commit- 
 ting themselves to its merciless tides, while others, still more 
 unfortunate, have been victims of accidents that have cost them 
 their lives in the turbulent waters. 
 
 Perhaps one of the most thrilling of the many Niagara trage- 
 dies was that of Sunday, February 4, 1912, when, by the sudden 
 disintegration oF the ice bridge in the lower Gorge, three per- 
 sons lost theii- lives after desperate efforts at rescue had been 
 made. The unhappy victims of that terrible experience were 
 Mr. and Mrs. Eldridge Stanton of Toronto, and Burrell Heacock 
 of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 The Gorge, between the Falls and the upper steel arch bridge, 
 was choked with ice, forming the so-called ice bridge. It was 12 
 o'clock noon. About 50 people were moving about the Niagara 
 glacier when a sudden jolt, a grinding sound, gave warning that 
 the "bridge" was being forced from its moorings and was fast 
 breaking up into numerous sections. Back and forth sounded 
 the cry "run to safety; to the shore on either side." 
 
 Tn about the center of the ice bridge a, man, a woman and 
 two yoirths heard the cry. The youths wer^e companions; the 
 man and woman, husband and wife. After the two youths made 
 for the Rho]-p, the husband, encumbored by his wife, shouted for 
 assistance. T^in-i'oll TToacocK', one of the youths. liearTl his ann-^-'i 
 and like a hero returned to his assistance. After Heacock left 
 his chum another- break' in the ice floe isolated the three, and 
 they were alone, str-uggling against fate for life. They dr-ifted 
 down, down with the current. Every minute brought thom closer 
 to donth in the Whirlpool Rapids. 
 
 Tn its course down the river the floe remained as one for a 
 time; in the meantime young Heacock liecame separated from 
 Mr. and Mrs. Stanton, and as fate would have it, the floe split, 
 leaving Heacock on one section, and Mr. and Mrs. Stanton on 
 the other. 
 
 The population on both sides of the river were notifled of 
 the tragedy being enacted in the Gorge. The fire departments 
 were soon on the scene with ropes and other paraphernalia, but 
 could do nothing other than drop lines from the Cantilever and 
 lower steel arch bridges. 
 
 Heacock, who was coming dow^n the stream ahead of the 
 man and woman, was attracted by the cries of the men on the 
 bridge. He saw the rope dangling before him and he nerved 
 himself for a supreme effort. 
 
The rope came near, he grasped it and a moment later swung 
 into the air. The crowd cheerrd. The men above began to draw 
 him up through the 160 feet of space. Heacock had had no time 
 to make the line fast to his body. He was clinging with his 
 hands alone. When he had been drawn up about half the dis- 
 tance his strength gave out and he let go. A moment later the 
 ice floe turned over and he disappeared. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Stanton went to their doom with a prayer 
 on their lips. The man's courage was sublime. When he real- 
 ized that all hope was gone he took off his coat, wrapped it about 
 the woman, and together, they knelt on the ice in an attitude 
 of prayer, the man with his arms about his wife. And thus 
 when the first breaker of the rapids turned their frail ice raft 
 over and they plunged into the icy current. Many a prayer went 
 up from the silent groups on the shores in unison with that ut- 
 tered by the dying couple, and hundreds turned their faces away 
 when the ice floe reached the breakers. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL NIAGARA 
 
 Industrial Niagara is as well known throughout the world to- 
 day as is scenic Niagara. The city continues the mecca of thou- 
 sands each year, though today many come as home seekers and 
 investors whereas, in the years before man turned the mighty 
 stream to his economic uses, they came to see nature's chiefest 
 spectacle and to marvel at God's handiwork. When man came 
 to realize the wonderful gift of nature and to calculate the pent 
 up energies of the Niagara he set about the task of devising 
 means for utilizing this power. And when this problem was 
 solved the city of Niagara Falls began to grow into what it is 
 today — the foremost locality, in many respects, along the Niagara 
 frontier. 
 
 Industrial Niagara was made possible because there existed 
 a scenic Niagara. At no other location in the world was there 
 offered the advantages for the hydro-electric development that 
 has been realized here. 
 
 Competent engineers have placed the work potential of the 
 Falls at about 5,000,000 horse-power. This, it has been pointed 
 out, would be equivalent to the labor of 15,000,000 strong draft 
 horses working eight hours a day, or to the labor of 150,000,000 
 men. 
 
 The volume of the Falls, though enormous, is by no means 
 inexhaustible. On the contrary, the danger of injury to the Falls 
 through the withdrawal of water is very real. Since May, 1910, 
 diversion of water for power purposes has been limited by treaty 
 between Great Britain and the United States. 
 
 The following definite data on the Niagara hydro-electric de- 
 velopment will be of interest to every visitor: 
 
 Beginning of development of power now in use — 1853. 
 
 First use of power thi-ough development — 1873, 
 
 First electrical power delivered in quantity Aug. 24, 1895. 
 
 First user of electrical energy — Aluminum Company of Amer- 
 ica, then known as the Pittsburgh Reduction Company. 
 
 Present Power Developed 
 Niagara Falls Power Co. (American side): 
 Niagara Plant. Cap., 100,000 h.p. Geneiuting, 90,000 h.p. 
 Hydraulic Plant, Cap., 242,500 h.p. Generating, 242,500 h.p. 
 
 Total 342,500 h.p. 332,500 h.p. 
 
 Canadian-Niagara Power Co. (Canadian side) Capacity, 100,- 
 000 h.p.: generating, 100.000 h.p. 
 
 Ontario Power Co. (Canadian side) Capacity, 200,000 h.p.; 
 generating, 200,000 h.p. 
 
 28 
 
Toronto Power Co. (Canadian side) Capacity 145,000 h.p.; 
 generating-, 125,000 h.p. 
 
 Grand total, 757,500 h.p. 
 
 Treaty limitations of water diversion: 
 
 Dominion of Canada — 36,000 cubic feet per second. 
 
 United States — 20,000 cubic feet per second. 
 
 Possibilities for future developments: 
 
 Estimated total power of river at Niagara. .. .5,800,000 
 Estimated possible power development (with- 
 out impairing natural beauty) 2,500,000 
 
 There is no appreciable diminution of the flow of the river 
 as a result of the diversion. 
 
 This tremendous energy is equivalent to over 16,000,000 tons 
 of coal annually. 
 
 It is now proposed that the Treaty be modified so as to per- 
 mit diversion for power purposes in the lower river. This would 
 not affect the scenic beauty of the Falls nor the Rapids, and 
 therefore a great amount of electrical energv might be developed 
 from the river in the Gorge, as United States engineers have 
 estimated that 40,000 second feet could be taken from the lower 
 river without affecting the Rapids, that with 40,000 second feet 
 over 300,000 electric horsepowers could be developed. 
 
 FIRST ELECTRICAL POWER 
 
 There are three plants developing power from Horseshoe 
 Falls and two plants developing power from the American Falls. 
 
 Electric current is sold by the horse power and also by meas- 
 ure of kilowatt hour. The volt is the unit of electrical pressure. 
 The ampere is the unit of electrical current. A volt multiplied 
 by an ampere is a watt. The watt is the unit of electrical power. 
 1,000 watts makes a kilowatt (1 1-3 h.p.). Seven hundred and 
 forty- six watts make one horsepower. 
 
 The effect of power development in Niagara Falls has been 
 the chief cause of the increase in the population from 10,000 in 
 1890 to 19,457 in 1900 and 30,445 in 1910 and 50,760 in 1920. 
 
 ELECTROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY 
 
 Because of the abundance of electrical power here, a prime 
 essential in the operation of the electric reduction furnace, Niag- 
 ara Falls has become the center of the electrochemical industry 
 of the world. This industry is another of the things which com- 
 bine to give the city its distinctive character among the muni- 
 cipalities of the world. 
 
 Among the electrochemical products of the city that may 
 be enumerated in a general way are: Feri'o alloys, abrasives, 
 chlorine and alkalies, electrodes, calcium carbide, phosphorous, 
 sodium, sodium peroxide and cyanide, potassium and sodium 
 chlorate and aluminum. 
 
 During the war the great importance of these products was 
 realized to such a degree that the government took over the 
 operation of most of the concerns producing them to guarantee 
 a steady supply to the government of the chief essentials in the 
 prosecution of modern warfare. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 Bank of Niagara, Falls and Second Streets. Resources, $4,306,737.58. 
 George J. Howard, President; DeLancey Ranking, Vice-President; 
 James C. Moakler, Cashier; John W. Brophy, Assistant Cashier. 
 
 Niagara County Savings Bank. Resources. $3,926,212.76. C. M. 
 Young, President; Joseph E. Montague, 1st Vice-President; Henry 
 Hubbs. 2nd V^c.e -President; James T. Low. Secretary; John P. Dolan, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 29 
 
Niagara Falls Trust Co., 45 Falls Street. Resources, $3,141,008.85. 
 George G. Shepard, President; Alfred W. Gray. Vice-President; C. M. 
 Young. Vice-President; FeVx M. M^oolworth, Vice-President and Sec- 
 retary; Harry M, Clark, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Niagara Permanent Savings and Loan Associationi; 311 Falls St. 
 Resources, $4,649,050.80. A. E. Rae, President; Joseph C. Gruhler, 
 Vice-President; Fred H. Krull, Secretary-Treasurer. 
 
 Power City Bank, 207 Falls St. Resources, $8,446,683.99. Paul A. 
 Schoellkopf, President; Fred J. Coe, Vice-President; Francis H. Salt, 
 Vice-President; Frank A. Schumacher, Cashier; Edson P. Pfohl and 
 Alexander J. Gow, Assistant Cashiers. 
 
 Peoples Bank of Niagara Falls, 1932 Main St. Resources, $2,840,- 
 572.59. George W. Whitehead, President; Louis S. Silberberg. Vice- 
 President; Henry J. Hiller, Cashier; James E. Rutledg^e, Assistant 
 Cashier. 
 
 Total resources, $27,310,266.57. 
 
 THE CANADIAN SIDE 
 
 The Ontario Government has had the foresight to carefully 
 preserve the scenery along the river from lake to lake, making 
 the entire frontier a beautiful strip of parkland, particularly 
 Queen Victoria Park. 
 
 The Canadian Reservation, called "Queen Victoria Niagara 
 Falls Park," was opened May 24, 1888. It has an area of 196 
 acres, but the Commissioners control, in addition, a strip extend- 
 ing along the river from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. 
 
 The Canadian Park, to which admission is free, is reached 
 by crossing the Steel Arch Bridge at the lower end of the New 
 York State Reservation. From the Canadian Park may be ob- 
 tained a fine view of the entire face of the American and Horse- 
 shoe Falls. 
 
 Here the tourists may avail themselves of a visit through 
 the scenic tunnel which takes them down an elevator to a depth 
 of over 100 feet to the edge of the Horseshoe Fall where the 
 thundering waters tumble from the heights above; there is a 
 charge of 50 cents, including oilskin clothing and a competent 
 guide. All Niagara Belt Line cars stop at this point which is 
 known as Table Rock. In 1818 an immense rock about 160 feet 
 in length and from 40 to 60 feet wide forming what was really 
 known as Table Rock plunged into the Gorge. In 1828 and 1829 
 other portions of this rock fell. 
 
 Six miles above the Falls, on the Canadian side, was fought 
 the battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814. On the height west of the 
 Horseshoe Fall, the battle of Lundy's Lane took place, July 25, 
 1814, and on the ridge seven miles below occurred the battle of 
 Queenston Heights, October 13, 1812. 
 
 DUFFERIN ISLANDS 
 
 The islands were named after Lord Dufferin when Governor 
 General of the Dominion. The Ontario Power Co.'s Plant is lo- 
 cated below the cliff near the foot of Horseshoe Fall. The Niag- 
 ara Falls Hydraulic Power Co. and the Electrical Development 
 Co. are located above the Falls in the Canadian Park. With 
 the exception of the Cana_dian Plant of the Niagara Falls Power 
 Co.. these power plants are now under the control and direction 
 of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission. 
 
 QUEENSTON HEIGHTS 
 
 About 7 miles north of the Falls on the Canadian side oppo- 
 site the Lewiston mountains on the American side are Queenston 
 Heights where the Ontario Government created a beautiful park. 
 From this elevation one may enjoy an excellent vie"w of the sur- 
 
 30 
 
5 
 
 31 
 
AERIAL SCENIC RAILWAY 
 
 One of the chief attrac- 
 tions of the trip down the 
 Canadian side is the Aer- 
 ial Scenic Railway span- 
 ning the Whirlpool. This 
 is the only scenic railway 
 of its kind in North Amer- 
 ica, thoug-h it has counter- 
 parts in the mountains of 
 Spain. This railway was 
 financed by Spanish capital. 
 Although the tramway 
 crosses from side to side 
 over the pocket, both an- 
 chorages are on the Cana- 
 dian side but it was neces- 
 sary to obtain permission 
 of the New York State and 
 Federal Governments for 
 construction as the Inter- 
 national boundary line fol- 
 lows the acute angle of the 
 river at that point. 
 
 Aero Car 
 
 SPANISH AEROCAR 
 
 The Aerocar crossing the 
 Whirlpool at a height of 
 150 feet above the raging 
 waters below. This sys- 
 tem is the invention of 
 Torres y Quevado, a Span- 
 ish engineer wno gained 
 considerable European 
 fame in aeronautics. It is 
 the longest and safest pas- 
 senger aerial cableway in 
 the world, and has fully 
 met all the severe and 
 stringent tests of the De- 
 partment of Public Works, 
 Ontario. 
 
 Cars of the International 
 Railway and Niagara Belt 
 Line stop at botn termin- 
 als of the Aerial Cableway, 
 viz., Colt's Point and 
 Thompson's Point, ena- 
 bling passengers to cross 
 either way by the Aerial 
 Line, resuming tnelr jour- 
 ney at the other side by a Aero-car directly over the Wh 
 later car. Colt's Point Sta- 
 tion is the second stop from Bridge Street. 
 P^are, 50 cents one way, 75c return. 
 
 32 
 
 iripool 
 
INDIVIDUAL TRIPS 
 
 Visitors, Whose Time is Limited, May Select One or More Trips 
 Shown in Condensed Form in List Below 
 
 ' Fare 
 Page TRIPS Round Time 
 
 See ; Trip 
 3— 1. View of the Fall , Prospect Park and the 
 Islands — free to the Public. 
 19 — 2. The Niagara Belt line, the Scenic Trip 
 around the Falls, down Canadian side, re- 
 turning up American side through the 
 Gorge. (Popularly known as the Gorge 
 Trip) $1.08 2 hrs. 
 
 19 — 3. Niagara Belt Line, including auto sight- 
 
 seeing trip to Prospect Park and around 
 
 the Islands $1.62 3 hrs. 
 
 20 — 4. Niagara Belt Line, including Fort Niagara 
 
 and Fort Niagaiu Beach on Lake Ontario. . $1.35 3 Ins. 
 20 — 5. Niagara Belt Line, including Chippawa, 
 
 Ont., above the Canadian Fall $1.35 3 hrs. 
 
 7 — 6. Maid of the Mist steamer trip below the 
 
 Falls 75 % hr. 
 
 11— 7. Cave of the Winds, under the Falls $1.00 % hr. 
 
 20 — 8. Fort Niagara and Fort Niagara Beach, di- 
 rect, via Gorge Route . 54 2^4 hrs. 
 
 13 — 9. Auto trip to Prospect Park and around the 
 
 Islands from railway stations .50 1 hr. 
 
 42 — 10. Sight-seeing in automobiles. 
 
 18 — 11. Searchlight, Whirlpool Rapids, via Gorge 
 
 Route 35 1 hr. 
 
 30 — 12. Scenic Tunnel, underneath the Fall (Cana- 
 dian side) 50 1 hr. 
 
 32 — 13, Spanish Aero-car trip across the Whirlpool. 
 Canadian Side — 
 
 Trip starts at Whirlpool, one way 50 10 min. 
 
 On route of Niagara Belt Line, round trip .75 20 min. 
 55 — 14. Toronto, Ont., via "Great Gorge Route 
 (electric) to Lewiston, N. Y., and Canada 
 Steamship Lines' steamers: 
 
 One Way $1.94 3% hrs. 
 
 Round Trip (30 days) $3.51 
 
 Round Trip (2 days) $2.97 
 
 57 — 15. Toronto, Ont., via International Railway 
 (electric) to Queenston, Ont., and Canada 
 Steamship Lines' steamers: 
 
 One Way $1.94 4 hrs. 
 
 Round Trip (30 days) $3.51 
 
 Round Trip (2 days) $2.97 
 
 57 — 16. Toronto, Ont., via New York Central R. R. 
 to Lewiston, N. Y., and Canada Steamship 
 Lines' steamers: 
 
 One Way $1.94 3% hrs. 
 
 Round Trip (30 days) $3.51 
 
 57 — 17. Toronto, Ont,, via Niagara St. Catharines 
 «& Toronto Railway (electric) to Port Dal- 
 housie, Ont., and steamer Port Dalhousie: 
 
 One Way $L94 4 y. hrs 
 
 Round Trip $3.27 
 
 33 
 
56 — 18. Treasure's sight-seeing tours to Toronto 
 via "Great Gorge Route" and C. S. S. Lines' 
 steamers, including the sight-seeing auto 
 trip in Toronto and dinner at the Carls- 
 Rite. The popular tour $5.25 11 hrs. 
 
 58 — 19. In Toronto be sure and take the Provincial 
 
 motor sight-seeing trip around the city ... $1.00 1% hrs. 
 62 — 20. Buffalo, N. Y., via International Railway 
 High Speed Line (electric): 
 
 One Way 65 1 hr. 
 
 Round Trip $1 . 30 
 
 62 — 21. Buffalo, N. Y., via New York Central R. R.: 
 
 One Way 71 BO min. 
 
 Round Trip $1.42 
 
 NIAGARA RIVER 
 
 Tfiird Sister 
 
 -. Swaying R I 
 
 First Sister L 
 
 NEW YORK STATE RE.^^ 
 
CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY TRAINS. 
 
 Visitors to Niagara Falls who contemplate visiting Toronto, Ot- 
 tawa, Montreal or Quebec, will find a very satisfactory train service 
 in operation from the New York Central Station at Niagara Falls, 
 departing at 8:00 A. M., 1:20 P. M., and 5:30 P.M. daily, connecting 
 at "W^elland with through train from Buffalo to Toronto, where con- 
 nection is made in the Union Station with numerous excellent trains 
 in operation via the Canadian Pacific Railway for all important Cities 
 and Summer Resort points in Canada. 
 
THE STEAMER 
 
OF THE MIST' 
 
 (Copyright, A. G. Landreth; 
 
NIAGARA IN HISTORY 
 
 1535 Jacques Cartier made his second trip up the St. Lawrence. 
 1604 First allusion- in literature (Champlain's "Des Sauvages") to a 
 
 Cataract which was apparently Niagara. 
 1615 First known (or probable) visit of white man in the Niagara 
 
 region — that of Champlain's interpreter, Brule. 
 
 1626 Franciscan Priest Joseph de la Roche Dallion performed mis- 
 sionary work among the Neutrals. 
 
 1627 First missionary in the Niagara region — the Recollect priest, 
 Dallion. 
 
 1640 Missions were conducted by Jesuit Fathers Bretheuf and Chau- 
 mont among the Indians, which proves that the Jesuits were 
 familiar with the great river prior to the date mentioned. 
 
 1643 Neuter Nation join the Iroquois against the Hurons. 
 
 1669 France takes possession of the Niagara and Lake EJrie region. 
 First visit of La Sa^e to the mouth of the river. 
 
 1678 Father Hennepin on the Niagara; later (1683) published the first 
 eye-witness description of the Falls. 
 
 1679 La Salle builds the Griffon above the Falls — the first white 
 man's vessel on the Upper Lakes. 
 
 1726 Fort Niagara built. It still stands. 
 
 1759 Fort Niagara, N. Y., and Fort Mississauqa, Canada, captured by 
 
 the British, Sir Wm. Johnson. 
 1763 Massacre at Devil's Hole. 
 1783 England relinquished all claim of the Niagara region. 
 
 1795 First newspaper published in the Province of Ontario. Niagara 
 Belt Line cars pass the remaining walls in Queenston. Ont. 
 
 1796 Fort Niagara and eastern side of the river surrendered to the 
 U. S. 
 
 1805 Lewiston, N. Y., named in honor of Governor Lewis of New 
 
 York. 
 1805 The Messrs. Porter and others acquire title to land at the Falls. 
 
 Beginnings of present city. 
 1808 Colonel Schlosser died at Fort Schlosser. 
 1810 The Independence, laden with salt, sunk, crossing to Chippawa. 
 
 Two of thp crew and the captain went over the Falls. 
 
 1812 Battle of Queenston, in which Gen. Brock was killed. 
 
 1813 Americans captured Fort George (Canada) in May. 
 
 1813 Oct. 13th. Lewiston-Queenston battle. Americans crossed the 
 river and won tbe battle. Gen. Brock and Col. McDonajld of the 
 British army were killed. 
 
 1813 The British recaptured Fort George (Canada) in December. 
 
 1813 British capture Fort Niagara and all points on east side of river, 
 destroying Niagara Falls (then called Manchester) village; and 
 Buffalo, Dec. 30-31. 
 
 1814 Battles of Chippawa, July 5; and Lundy's Lane (Niagara Falls, 
 Ont.), July 25. 
 
 1814 The Americans captured Fort Erie, July 3rd. 
 
 1814 The Americans defeated the British at Chippawa (Canada), July 
 5th. 
 
 1815 Senecas cede Goat Island to U. S. 
 
 1816 The treaty of Ghent conceded the Islands in Niagara River be- 
 longed to the U. S. A. 
 
 1819 Boundary commissioners for U. S. and Canada ran the interna- 
 tional line up the Niagara through apex of Horseshoe Fall. 
 
 1821 Driven down the current in a scow, two men were dashed over 
 the Falls. 
 
 1825 Gen. Lafayette visits Niagara Falls. 
 
 1825 Three individual canoes with a man in each went over the 
 Falls. 
 
 1826 William Morgan, for alleged exposure of Masonic serrets, ab- 
 ducted; tr.ken to Fort Niagara. Sept. 16; never seen afterwards. 
 
 1829 Ship Michigan, condemned as unseaworthy w'th a bear and 
 other animals on board, sent over Horseshoe, Sept. 8. 
 
 38 
 
1829 Sam Patch jumped from ladder, foot of Goat Island 118 feet 
 
 into the Niagara. 
 1834 Cave of the Winds first entered and explored, July 15, by George 
 
 W. Sims and B. H. White. 
 
 1840 The first suspension bridge over the chasm was built by Chas. 
 Ellet. 
 
 1841 Two men in a sand scow were caught in the current and met 
 their doom. 
 
 1846 First Maid of the Mist made trips between the Falls and the 
 eddy above the old Suspension Bridge. 
 
 1848 A mother allowing her young boy and girl to play in a skiff on 
 shore suddenly broke anchor and drifted; the girl was rescued 
 by her mother who waded in the water but the boy, who brave- 
 ly remained in the skiff, holding tightly to the sides, went to hia 
 death. 
 
 1848 Falls ran dry. 
 
 1850 Fall of Table Rock, June 25, 
 
 1851 First bridge across the Niagara, at Lewiston; destroyed by gale 
 1864. 
 
 1852 First railway suspension bridge was built by Mr. John A. Roeb- 
 ling. First locomotive crossed on March, 1, 1855. 
 
 1853 Remains of Gen. Brock and Lt. Coll. John McDonnell reburied, 
 Oct. 13, on Queenston Heights in vault of present Roman col- 
 umn, 190 feet high. 
 
 1853-8 Original power canal constructed from river above Niagara 
 Falls town, to gorge below; enlarged 1892. 
 
 1854 The second Maid of the Mist built and put in operation below 
 the Falls. 
 
 1857 On July 4th, first steamer landed within the limits of the Vil- 
 lage of Niagara. 
 
 1858 J. A. Roebling builds first suspension bridge at Niagara Falls; 
 replaced by lower steel arch bridge. 
 
 1859 M. Blondin, the greatest of equilibrists, crossed Niagara Gorge 
 on a tight rope, performing numerous stunts, such as carrying 
 a man on his back and pushing a loaded wheel barrow across; 
 May 30th and Aug. 14th; also Sept. 8th, 1860. 
 
 1860 Blondin crosses Niagara gorge on a rope, carrying a man on 
 his back. The Prince of Wales among the spectators. 
 
 1860 Small monument marking place where Brock fell, near foot of 
 Queenston hill, unveiled by Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, 
 Sept. 18. 
 
 1361 June 6th, Joel Robinson with Maclntyre and Jones made the 
 famous trip through the Whirlpool Rapids in the steamer "Maid 
 of the Mist," which was mortgaged and libeled and to escape 
 seizure, he decided on the perilous trip which was successful. 
 
 1869 Upper suspension bridge built, for foot and carriage traffic only; 
 destroyed by storm, 1889. 
 
 1873 Signor Balleni performed feats on a tight rope from the old 
 Clifton House (Canadian side). 
 
 1875 So-called ice bridge formed on May 6th and 7th was crossed on 
 May 8th and broke up on May 14th. 
 
 1876 A woman, Maria Spelterina, crossed the gorge on a rope. 
 
 1878 First officia»l steps taken which led to establishment of Queen 
 Victoria Park (Can.), and N. Y. State Reservation. 
 
 1883 Capt. Matthew Webb who had won fame in Europe, started out 
 July 24th in a brave but foolhardy attempt to swim the mighty 
 Whirlpool Rapids in which he failed, and three days later his 
 body was found in the river near Lewiston, N. Y. 
 
 1883 Steel cantilever bridge of Michigan Central R. R. built. 
 
 1883 Niagara Falls citizens purchased a small boat and fitted it up 
 to represent the "Maid of the Mist" and sent it safely through 
 the Rapids in Sept. Effigys were the only passengers. 
 
 1884 N. Y. State pays $1,433,429.50 for Prospect Park, Goat Island 
 and other lands now included in the State Reservation. 
 
 1885 Gov David B. Hill. April 30. signed the bil! creating the N. Y. 
 State Reservation at Niagara Falls. Park opened to public, July 
 15. 
 
 39 
 
1886 Carlile D. Graham, a Philadelphia cooper, made his first trip 
 through the Whirlpool Rapids in a barrel of his own construc- 
 tion. Ju\y nth: iVd trip, Aug". 9th; 3rd trip, June 15th, 1887, and 
 last trip Aug. 25th, 1889. 
 
 1886 W. J. Kendall went through the Rapids Aug. 22nd. A life pre- 
 server being his protection. It is believed he made the trip in 
 safety, according to eye witnesses. 
 
 1887 Steve Peere crossed the Gorge June 22nd on a 6-8 inch cable. 
 June 25th he was found dead undemeaJth his cable. It is as- 
 sumed that he probably made an attempt to cross during the 
 night. 
 
 1895 Upper steel arch bridge built, replacing suspension bridge, de- 
 stroyed 1889, 1240 ft. long; 46 ft. wide, 192 ft. high; length of 
 arch, 840 ft. Opened to traffic. July, 1893. 
 
 1897 Lower steel arch bridge (railway, carriage and foot traffic) 
 built, to replace old suspension bridge of 1858, which gave name 
 to the town, now "North End" of Niagara Falls City. 
 
 1899 Lewiston-Queenston suspension bridge built, replacing bridge 
 destroyed 1864; 840 ft. long; 29 ft. wide; 60 ft. high. Opened to 
 traffic, July, 1899. 
 
 1900 Peter Nissen of Chicago, known as "Bowser," made a success- 
 full trip through the Rapids in his own boat which he christened 
 "The Fool Killer," July 12th. 
 
 1910 Capt. Claus Larsen navigated the Whirlpool and rapids in a mo- 
 tor boat; a second trip, Oct. 21, 1911, was also successfully 
 made. 
 
 1912 Feb. 4th, Mr. and Mrs. Eldridge Stanton of Toronto and Burrell 
 Heacock of Cleveland :lost their lives when the ice bridge broke 
 away from both shores and carried the victims through the 
 Whirlpool Rapids. 
 
 1914 International Peace Conference, in behalf of Mexico, held at 
 Clifton Hotel, Niagara Falls, Ont., May-June. 
 
 GREAT LAKES CRUISE 
 
 "Finest In the World" 
 Via 
 
 GREAT LAKES TRANSIT CORPORATION 
 
 steel Steamers "Octorara", "Juniata", "Tionesta" 
 
 BUFFALO TO DULUTH 
 
 The Cruise that combines a vacation and an education. 
 Orchestra — Dancing. 
 This season's schedule has been especiaj'ly arranged to provide 
 a daylight cruise, Buffalo to Cleveland, Detroit River, St. Clair 
 Flats (The Venice of America), Lake St. Clair, Soo River, the 
 wonderful Locks at Sault Ste. Marie and "The Copper Country of 
 America." 
 
 Meals and berth included in fare. Steamers leave Buffalo 
 every three days at 10:30 A.M.. eastern time. 
 
 Tickets and reservations at 
 
 General Office — 630 Marine Trust BIdg., 
 
 J. F. Condon, General Passenger Agent, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 40 
 
THE HOME OF THE SHREDDED WHEAT. 
 
 One might as well see Rome without seeing- St Peter's as to see 
 Niagara Falls, without visiting "The Home of Shredded Wheat." The 
 spectacle of one hundred thousand persons going through a factory 
 every year "to see the wheels go 'round" is something so unusual 
 as to call for more than passing notice. There is nothing like it in 
 this or any other country. The building is located on Buffalo avenue 
 in the heart of the best residence district of Niagara Falls, away from 
 the smoke and dirt of factories and railroads. Its ornate and digni- 
 fied architecture gives it the appearance of a fine institution of learn- 
 ing, rather than a factory. Thirty thousand panes of glass let in the 
 sunlight, which floods every nook and corner with its cleansing rays. 
 There are large reception, writing and reading rooms for guests. After 
 registering the visitor joins one of the parties in charge of a compe- 
 tent guide who pilots them through this interesting plant. 
 
 SEE NIAGARA'S GREAT WALL PAPER MILLS. 
 
 Persons visiting Niagara Falls and viewing the great cataracts and 
 power houses are bewildered as they gaze upon the tumultous waters 
 dashing over the brink to the river far below, and on seeing the huge 
 turbines operated by water power, developing thousands of horse- 
 power of electrical energy which makes lights g'ow and motors hum 
 in cities hundreds of miles away. 
 
 While in Niagara Falls see also the application of Niagara elec- 
 tric power by going through the plants of the Niagara Wall Paper 
 Company. While wall paper is essentially used in almost every home, 
 few are familiar with the processes by which standing trees from the 
 forests are manufactured into beautifully designed and colored wall 
 paper. 
 
 To leave Niagara Falls without availing yourself of the opportunity 
 to take this educative, interesting trip through this great wall paper 
 mill is to forego a treat indeed. 
 
 Guides are furnished to direct you through the factory and explain 
 the various processes employed. Each visitor receives a very inter- 
 esting booklet, "Things to Keep in Mind When Buying Wall Paper." 
 
 Cars of the Niagara Gorge Railway stop at the door. 
 
 Visitors are invited. No charge made. 
 
 THE SPIRELLA COMPANY, INC. 
 
 This is of particular interest to ladies inasmuch as the World's 
 Best Corset is manufactured here. Fashion and medical science have 
 set their seals of approval upon Spirella, bestowing upon the Spirella 
 Corset medals, grand prizes, diplomas, certifUica.tes — the highest 
 honors possible. 
 
 Rome and Genoa, Italy, awarded Spirella Corsets the Grand Prize 
 and Gold Medal; Milan, Italy, the Cross of Honor; Brussells, Belgium, 
 Grand Prize; Barcelona. Spain, Grand Prize and Gold Medal. The 
 Institute of Hygiene of London, England, composed of the greatest 
 medical men of the United Kingdom, has granted the Spirella Corset 
 its certificate for each successive years since 1911. The International 
 Institute of Hygiene at Paris, France, granted SpiroUa Corsets the 
 Palms d' Or, the "blue riband" of the medical world. This was the 
 first time this honor had been bestowed upon any corset. 
 
 The management extends to all an invitation to visit the home of 
 Spirella, and witness a free demonstration of the famous Spirella Stay 
 and the famous Spirella Corset — the corset for Health, Comfort, Style, 
 and Durability. Trained Corsetiers in attendance. Take Main Street 
 Car to the north end of the line, cross the railroad tracks, and you 
 are there. It will be worth the trip. Guides through factory free. 
 CUSTOMS HOUSE. 
 
 Fort of Niagara, U. S., Thomas M. Hennessy, Deputy Collector in 
 charge, Post Office Building, Main street and Walnut avenue. 
 
 Automobiles Entering Canada — It is well to have a State License 
 card or invoice of purchase, or other evidence of ownership. Secure 
 from the U. S. Custom Officer at point of entry, import certificate 
 and be sure to deliver same to U. S. Custom Officer at point of exit. 
 This applies to thirty-day stay or under. If tour requires more than 
 30 days, it will be necessary to bond the car. Bonding agencies are 
 to be found at all points of entry. 
 
 Departmtiit of Labor Immigration Service, William Baldwin. In- 
 spector in charge. Immigration Bidg.. Niagai-a Falls, N. Y. 
 
 41 
 
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 
 
 Organized February 20, 1918, membership 1550. Permanent head- 
 quarters, Masonic Temple, Fourth and Main streets; dining room and 
 club rooms; community center for public meetings. George G. Shep- 
 ard, Pres.; W. W. Kincaid, L. S. SiJberberg and George W. Whitehead, 
 Vice-Pres.; A. E. Rae, Treas. ; R, D. House, Acting Secy. 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Mayor— M. M. Thompson, city office, Gluck building. Second and 
 Falls Sts. 
 
 City Manager — E. J. Fort, city office, Gluck building. Second and 
 Falls Sts. 
 
 City Auditor — City Clerk — George J. Rickert, Gluck building. 
 
 Deputy City Clerk — John E. Bellinger. 
 
 Councilmen— Adin B. Chase, 4230 Main St.; William H. Gillett, 913 
 McKoon Ave.; Frank A. Jenss, 1129 Niagara Ave.; George R. Rayner, 
 105 Jefferson Ave. 
 
 City Engineer — Wm. B. Bennett, Convention Hall. 
 
 City Treasurer — Frank H. Zeiger, Gluck building. 
 
 Supt. Public Service — Chas. T. Shepard, Convention Hall. 
 
 Purchasing Agent — J. R. Perry, Gluck building. 
 
 Health Officer— Walter A. Scott, M. D., 610 Pine Avenue. 
 
 Supt. of Police — John A. Curry, Police Headquarters, Second and 
 Niagara Sts. 
 
 Chief Fire Dept. — Otto F. Utz, Fire Headquarters, Second and 
 Niagara Sts. 
 
 Police Justice — Chas. H. Piper, Police Headquarters, Second and 
 Niagara Sts. 
 
 City Judge— C. E. Tucker, 903 Niagara Ave. 
 
 Justice of the Peace — J. V. Banks, 249 Second St. 
 
 CITY ORDINANCE. 
 
 The following must be posted in plain view of passengers at all 
 times, together with driver's number and automobile or carriage 
 license number. 
 
 RATES OF FARE ALLOWED BY ORDINANCE. 
 For the Use and Hire of this Carriage where no Express Contract 
 is Made. Ordinance of the City of Niagara Falls, N. Y., passed May 
 22, 1916. 
 
 Sec. 11. No driver of any licensed carriage shall demand or re- 
 ceive of any person, unless there be an express contract between the 
 parties, any more fare than is established by the following rates: 
 ±<'or carrying one passenger and ordinary baggage from any 
 point within the city limits to any point therein, not exceed- 
 ing one mile $ .50 
 
 For each additional passenger and ordinary baggage $ .25 
 
 For carrying one passenger and ordinary baggage from any 
 point within the city limits to any other point therein more 
 
 than one mile and not exceeding two miles $1.00 
 
 For each additional passenger and ordinary baggage $ .50 
 
 For carrying one passenger and ordinary baggage from any 
 point within the city limits to any other point therein more 
 
 than two miles and not exceeding three miles 1.50 
 
 For each additional passenger and ordinary baggage $ .75 
 
 For carrying passengers any distance more than three miles, for 
 two-horse carriages, $2.00 for the first hour and $1.50 for each addi- 
 tional hour; for one-horse carriage, $1.50 for the first hour and $1.00 
 for each additional hour. 
 
 Any person who shall violate this Ordinance shall be Uable to pay 
 a penalty not to exceed fifty dollars for each offense and is also liable 
 to have his license revoked by the City Manager. 
 
 Sec. 12. Ordinary baggage is defined to be one trunk and one 
 hand bag or other small parcel. 
 
 For the Use and Hire of this Automobile where no Express Contract 
 Is made therefor. Ordinance of the City of Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 Sec. 15. No driver of any automobile licensed by the Common 
 Council of this City shall demand or receive of any person, unless 
 there be an express contract between the parties, any more fare than 
 is established by the following rates: 
 
 42 
 
For carrying- one passenger and ordinary baggage from any 
 point, within the city limits to any other point therein, not 
 exceeding' one mile $1.00 
 
 For each additional passenger and ordinary baggage $ .50 
 
 For carrying one passenger and ordinary baggage from any point 
 within the city limits to any other point therein more than 
 one mile and not exceeding two miles $2.0§ 
 
 For each additional passenger and ordinary baggage , $1.00 
 
 For carrying one passenger and ordinary baggage from any point 
 
 therein more than two miles and not exceeding three miles. $3.00 
 
 For each additional passenger and ordinary baggage $2.00 
 
 For carrying passengers any distance more than three miles, 
 
 three dollars per hour. 
 
 Any person who shall violate this Ordinance shall be liable to pay 
 
 a penalty not to exceed twenty-five dollars for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 16. Ordinary baggage is defined to be one trunk and one 
 
 bag or handbox or other small parcel. 
 
 CLUBS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. 
 Eagles — Aerie No. 88, Eagles' Temple, Ashland Ave. and Main St. 
 Club rooms open from noon to midnight dally. Visiting members and 
 friends welcome. 
 
 Elks — Lodge No. 346, 127 Main St. Club rooms open from 9 a.m. 
 to 1.00 a.m. Visiting members and friends welcome. 
 Falcon (Polish)— 1309 East Falls St. 
 
 Kiawanis — Meets every Thursday noon at Chamber of Commerce. 
 .. Knights of Columbus Club — 2010 Main St. Visiting members al- 
 ways welcome. 
 
 Masons — Niagara Frontier Lodge, No. 132; Niagara River Lodge, 
 No. 785; Niagara Chapter No. 200, R.A.M.; Niagara Commandery No. 
 64, K.T.; Niagara Lodge of Perfection, A.A.S.R. 
 
 Moose — Crick Block, Falls and Third Sts. Visiting members wel- 
 come. 
 
 Niagara — 124 Buffalo Ave. For members only. 
 Niagara Falls Country Club. 
 
 Ongiara — Whirlpool and Cleveland Ave. Club rooms open from 
 8 a.m. to 1.00 a.m. Visitors welcome with members. 
 University— 421 Buffalo Ave. 
 
 COLLEGES 
 Bettinger Business Insti- 
 tute, 906 Niagara avenue. 
 
 Niagara Business Insti- 
 tute, 29 Falls St. 
 
 Niagara University (Cath- 
 olic). Main street at city 
 line. Very Rev. Wm. F. 
 Llkly, C. M., Pres.; Rev. John 
 J. O'Bryne, CM., Secy. 
 
 Sanderson, F. R., 428 
 Gluck building. 
 
 MILITARY SCHOOL 
 
 De Veaux School, military 
 school for boys, Main St. at 
 Whirlpool grounds. Rev. 
 
 Wm. S. Barrows, Head 
 Master. 
 De Veaux School. 
 
 STELLA NIAGARA 
 
 If it were for beauty of location alone, the Seminary of Our Lady 
 of the Sacred Heart, Stella Niagara, N. Y., -would attract pupils to 
 this imposing educational building erected upon one of the finest sites 
 along the Niagara River. And In addition to the beautiful out'ook 
 that brings under focus many bends of the lovely curving river, a 
 glimpse of Lake Ontario and the most charming part of the Canadian 
 frontier, there is the beautiful, peaceful country lying back of the 
 seminary. From this wide sweep of farm-land inhale with every 
 breath life-giving air, fresh and sweet. No more delightful, pic- 
 turesque location is enjoyed by any educational institution in the 
 United States, be the spot where it may. 
 
 43 
 
 
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 45 
 
Stella Niagara Seminary, boarding' school for young ladies, main- 
 tains the following departments of study, each offering thorough and 
 comprehensive courses: Academic, elementary, commercial, music, 
 art and science. The great stone building, a triumph in modern 
 architecture, both in beauty of design and utility of plan, is furnished 
 
 1 Jl .^.ilsakS 
 
 STELLA NIAGARA. 
 
 with up-to-date school equipment befitting each department, while 
 the residential section of the building, the living quarters of the pupils 
 is correspondingly comfortable and pi'easant. 
 
 Stella Niagara Juvenate is also conducted at the seminary for 
 boys under twelve years of age. "Stella Niagara." as the institution 
 is generally known, is in charge of the Sisters of St. Francis. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. 
 Board of Education — N. F. Maddever, A. L. Chapin, George Wick- 
 er, Herman I. Arnson, Alfred W. Gray, Fred Cathcart, George J. 
 Colpoys, Mrs. Spencer B. Parker, Peter F. Jenss. 
 
 EXPRESS COMPANIES. 
 
 American Railway Express, 328 Second Street, S. W. Glasz, Agent. 
 
 American Railway, and Canadian Express Companies, A. L. Con- 
 fer, Agent. Office, West End New York Central R. R. Station, Sus- 
 pension Bridge, N. Y. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT 
 
 Headsuarters, City building, corner Niagara and Second streets. 
 
 Otto F. Utz, Chief. 
 
 Fire Alarm and Signal Boxes. 
 
 How to send in an alarm: Go to the nearest box to the fire, 
 break the glass over the key, turn the key and open the door of the 
 box, puU down once the lever inside and let go. Do not touch it 
 after that. Do not leave the box until the department arrives, so as 
 to direct them to the fire. By telephoning to Fire Headquarters the 
 proper box will be rung with the transmitter for a fire in any part 
 of the city. 
 
 One stroke of bell, return signal, fire out. 
 
 Two strokes of bell, followed by box number, second alarm. 
 
 Three strokes of bell, followed by box number, third or general 
 alarm. 
 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 Free Tuberculosis Dispensary, 598 Pine avenue. 
 
 Mount St. Mary's Sixth street, corner Ferry avenue. Visiting 
 hours, 2 to 4 and 7 to 8.30 p.m. Under the management of the Sisters 
 of St. Francis. Sister Mary Cherubim, Supt. 
 
 Niagara Falls Memorial, Eleventh street, near Pine avenue. 
 Walter McCulloh, Pres. ; Frederick Chormann, Secy.; Edson P. Pfohl 
 Treas.; Miss Florence A. Manley, Supt., and Wm. B. Lynch, Business 
 Manager. 
 
 Niagara Falls Municipal Hospital, Porter avenue, near Sugar 
 street, Dr. Walter A. Scott, Health Officer; Miss Charlotte Powers, 
 Supt. 
 
 46 
 
POLICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Headquarters (Station No. 1) City BuiVling-, corner Niagara and 
 Second Streets 
 
 Station No. 2, Niagara avenue. 
 
 Station No. 3, Eleventh street. 
 
 Patrol Wagon Station, Headquarters. 
 
 Superintendent, John A. Curry. 
 
 Police Matron, Mrs. Thomas Bradley. 
 
 Police Woman, Minnie A. Randolph. 
 
 Police Court, at Police Headquarters, Judge, Chas. H. Piper. 
 
 City Court, Niagara avenue and Main street, Judge, Carl Tucker. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 Federal Building, Main street, corner Walnut avenue. 
 
 Postmaster, Edward T. Williams; Asst. Postmaster, Chas. H. 
 Taylor. 
 
 Supt. of Mails, John A. Durnin. 
 
 Office Hours — Main Post Office. 
 
 General delivery and stamp w^indow: 
 
 Daily except Sundays, from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. 
 
 Holidays, 10 a.m. to 11.00 a.m. 
 
 Registry Division: 
 
 Daily, except Sundays and Holidays, for the reception of mail 
 from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., for the deilivery of mail, from 8.30 a.m. to 
 6 p.m. 
 
 Money Order and Postal Savings Division: 
 
 Daily except Sundays and Holidays, for the issuance and pay- 
 ment of both domestic and foreign money orders as well as the tran- 
 saction of Postal Savings business, 9 a.m. until 6 p.m. 
 
 Sub-Stations. 
 No. 2 — G. Lagomaggiore, drug store, 1202 East Falls street. 
 • No. 3 — Lee W. Miller, drug store, 1375 Linwood avenue. 
 No. 4 — Walter E. Strong, drug store, 1901 Pine avenue. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 1022 Main St. Bertha M. Cudebec, Librarian. Open from 9 a.m. 
 to 9 p.m. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 International Ry. (Electric) — Terminal. 321 Riverway. 
 
 Grand Trunk Ry. — N. Y. C. Station. 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. R.— N. Y. C. Station. 
 
 Michigan Central R. R.— N. Y. C. Station. 
 
 Niagara Falls Park & River Ry. (Elec.) — (Canadian Branch, In- 
 ternational Ry.) 
 
 Niagara, St. Catharines «& Toronto Ry. (Elec.) — International Ry. 
 Terminal. 
 
 Niagara Gorge R. R. (Elec.)— 38 West Falls St. 
 
 Niagara Junction Ry. — Power House, Buffalo Ave. 
 
 New York Central R. R. — Station, Falls and Second streets] 
 
 Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R.— N. Y. C. Station. 
 
 West Shore R. R. (N. Y. C. Lessee)— N.Y.C. Stwition. 
 
 RESTAURANTS. 
 12 Falls street, Thompson's. 
 
 22 Falls street, Oak Hotel (The) 
 Mrs. D. C. Edwards, Cataract Hotel. 
 316 First street,, Watson House.. 
 
 23 Falls street, Brierly's. 
 38 Falls street, Hubbard's. 
 43 Falls street. Hill's. 
 
 101 Falls street, Miller-Strong Drug Co. (upstairs) 
 
 107 Falls street, Louis'. 
 
 213 Main street, Buchner's. 
 
 309 Main street, Stratton House, (The) 
 
 325 Main street. Billings'. 
 
 332 Third street, Barby's. 
 
 341 Third street, Mrs. Kath. Murphy. 
 
 10 West Falls street, Coffey's. 
 
 14 West Falls street, Buffalo Box Lunch. 
 
 47 
 
TELEPHONE ECXHANGE. 
 
 New Yorlc Telephone Co., Portage Road and Walnut avenue. Com- 
 mercial office, 233 First street. F. M. Wells, Mgr. 
 
 New York Telephone Co. (Federal Division), ofWce 717 Cedar ave- 
 nue. C. A. James, Mgrr. 
 
 THEATRES. 
 
 Cataract Theater Co., 31 Falls street. 
 International Theater, opposite Gorge Route office. 
 Lumberg's, Falls street. 
 Elite, north Main street. 
 Orpheum, north Main street. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. 
 
 321 First street, F. L. Thornberry, General Secretary. 
 
 Y. W. C. A. 
 
 Fourth and Main streets. Telephone 1656. Information Bureau, 
 Rooms Directory, Cafeteria for men and women, rest room and baths 
 for women, a pleasant home for women away from home. 
 
 When You are at Niagara Falls 
 
 STOP AT 
 
 Thompson's Restaurant 
 
 12 FALLS STREET 
 
 The Home of Good Things to Eat 
 Regular Meals — Also a la Carte Service 
 Moderate Prices 
 Highly recommended for first class service 
 
 JUST LIKE HOME 
 
 EDWARD'S TEA ROOM 
 AND RESTAURANT 
 
 at the Cataract Hotel 
 
 Under the personal management of Mrs. D. C. Edwards, who has 
 oatered to the Public for over 25 years 
 Special attention to .large parties. Regular lunches and dinners 
 — also a la Carte Service — Popular Prices 
 
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 Wall Papers 
 
 
 
 
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 X/ISITORS to Niagara 
 ^ Falls should go through 
 the plant of the Niagara 
 Wall Paper Company 
 and see how the \A/ood 
 logs are manufactured into 
 rolls of beautifully designed 
 and colored wall paper. 
 
 Guides are furnished to 
 take you on this educative, 
 interesting trip through the 
 
 most modern wall paper 
 plant in the country. Cars 
 of the Niagara Gorge Rail- 
 road stop at the door. 
 
 :|.^ 
 
 Niagara 
 
 Wall 
 
 Paper 
 
 Co. 
 
 Niagara 
 
 Falls. 
 
 N.Y. 
 
Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Company's Steamer. 
 
 A GREAT LINE OF STEAMERS 
 
 Always it has been a matter of pride with D. & C. officials to 
 equip their boats with the very latest and best appliances known 
 to marine engineering- and architecture. No safety device, no 
 matter how insignificant, is overlooked. No item that adds to the 
 comfort of the passenger is neglected. 
 
 The latest of the line, the City of Detroit III, is without doubt 
 the most palatial siteamer on the lakes. It is representative of the 
 company's ideal to serve the public well. 
 
 The City of Detroit III is a splendid example of marine archi- 
 tecture, beauty and science combined. Power and grace are written 
 into her sweeping ilines. The waters of all the world boast no side- 
 wheed steamers as large. From stem to stem over all she meas- 
 ures 500 feet, or the length of two city blocks. In beam she is 100 
 feet wide, or the width of a generous city street. At the stem she 
 has a depth of 29 feet, 3 inches, and at the stern 25 feet, 3 inches. 
 
 This great steamer and its sister ship, the City of Cleveland 
 III, the Giants of the Great Lfakes, are operated on the Detroit and 
 Buffalo Division, maintaining a fast over-night service between 
 these two important points. Leave Detroit and Buffalo daily 6:00 
 P. M.; arrive destination 9:00 A. M. Eastern time. 
 
 Four steamers ply between Detroit and Cleveland, both a day 
 and a night schedule being maintained between the metropolis of 
 Michigan and the metropolis of Ohio. The steamers operating on 
 this division are: the Western States, Eastern States, the City of 
 Detroit II and the City of St. Ignace. Leave Cleveland and Detroit 
 11:00 P. M. daily; arrive destination 6:15 A. M. Eastern time. 
 
 On the Mackinac Division, the handsome steel Steamers City 
 of Alpena and the City of Mackinac II, maintain three trips per 
 week between Detroit, Mackinac and way ports, during the sum- 
 mer. June 14th to July 1st. Six trips per week, July 1st to Sept. 
 14th. 
 
 A. A. SCHANTZ, President and General Manager. 
 J. T. McMillan, vice-president. 
 L. G. LEWIS, General Passenger Agent. 
 General Office: Detroit, Mich. 
 
 52 
 
CHURCHES 
 
 Ashland Ave. Mission— Maud L. Seymour, Superintendent 153'> 
 Pine Ave. , -- - 
 
 .. Associated Bible Students— Branch of I.B.S.A., meets every Sun- 
 day 3 and 7.30 p. m. at Gray and Trigg hall, 727 Pine Ave. 
 
 BAPTIST. 
 First Baptist— Main, cor. 4th. Sunday services, 11.00 a. m., 7.30 
 p. m. S. S. Bible class 9.45 a. m. Young People's meeting 6.30 p. m. 
 Wednesdays, 8 p. m. Rev. Chas. J McLean, pastor. 
 
 CATHOLIC. 
 
 Our Lady of the Rosary— 22nd St., cor. Welch Ave. Sunday 
 Masses, 8.30 and 10.30 a. m. Evening service 7.30 p. m. Rev Cor- 
 nelius F. Killeen, pastor. 
 
 Sacred Heart— 1160 South Ave. Sunday Masses, 6, 7.30, 9.00, 10.30 
 a. m. Evening service 7.30 p. m. No evening service during July and 
 August. Week day masses, 6.30 and 7.30 a. m. Evening service, 
 Tuesday and Friday, 7.30 p. m. Rev. James J. Roache, pastor. 
 
 St. George's (Lithuanian Church Society)— Cor. Falls and Nine- 
 teenth Streets. Sunday Masses, 8.30 a. m., 10.30 a. m. Vespers, 7.30 
 p. m. Week day Mass, 7.30 a. m. Rev. Leo Voiciekovski, pastor. 
 
 St. Mary's of the Cataract— 249 Fourth St. Sundays Masses, 6, 
 7.30, 9.15 and 10.30 a. m. Vespers 7.30 p. m. Sunday school 2.30 p. m. 
 No evening services during July and August. Week-day masses, 7.30 
 a. m. First Friday and every Tuesday 6 and 7.30 a. m. Rev. Felix 
 ScuLlin, pastor. 
 
 Holy Trinity (Polish)— 1347 East Falls St. Sunday Masses, 8, 9.00, 
 10.30 a. m. Vespers, 3 p. m. Week-day Masses, 7.30 and 8.00 a. m. 
 Rev. Thos. Stabenau, pastor. 
 
 Our Lady of Lebanon (Syrian) — 327 Eleventh St. Sunday Masses, 
 8, 10.00 a .m. Benediction, 7.0O p. m. During July and August 
 Masses, 7.00 and 9.00 a. m. Benediction, 7.00 p. m. Week-day Mass, 
 8.00 a. m. Rev. Benedict Bellana, pastor, O. S. A. 
 
 St. Joseph's (Italian)— 1413 Pine Ave. Sunday Masses, 6, 7.30, 9.00, 
 10.00 a. m. Sermons, English, 9.00; Italian, 10.30 a .m. 
 
 St. Stanislaus Kostka (Polish)— 24th St., cor Welch Ave. Week- 
 day Mass, 8.00 a. m. Rev. Stephen L. Szczepanski, pastor. 
 
 POLISH INDEPENDENT. 
 Polish — Twenty-seventh St., near East Falls St. Father Guzek, 
 pastor. 
 
 CHURCH OF GOD. 
 1926 Tenth St., between Cleveland and South Aves. Sunday ser- 
 vice, 7.30 p. m. Bible study, 6.15 p. m. Rev, F. L. Austin, pastor. 
 
 CHURCH OF CHRIST. 
 
 Niagara Ave., cor. 10th. Sunday services, 11. OO a. m. and 7.30 
 p. m. Sunday school 9.45 a. m. Rev. Walter S. Hopkins, pastor. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL. 
 
 Central Congregational — Portage Road and Ferry Ave. Sunday 
 services, 11.00 a. m. and 7.30 p. m. Wednesdays, 7.30 p. m. Rev. 
 Willard P. Harmon, pastor. 
 
 Church of the Pilgrims— Cor, Portage Road and Ferry Ave. Sunday 
 school 9.45 a. m. Sunday services 10.45 a. m. Sundays and Wednes- 
 days 7.45 p .m. Rev. Wm. J. Thompson, pastor. 
 
 First Congregational — 822 Cleveland Ave. Sunday services, 11.00 
 a. m. and 7.30 p. m. During July and August no evening service. Rev. 
 Raymond B. Tolbert, pastor. 
 
 EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Church of the Epiphany— Cor. Main and Lockport Sts. Sunday 
 services 8.00 a. m., 11.00 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 9.45 a. m. 
 Communion, first Sunday of each month. Rev. David H. Weeks, pastor. 
 Church of the Redeemer— Pine ave.. cor. 23rd St. rrunday services 
 8.30 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 3.00 p.m. Rev. Richard 
 Warne, in charge. 
 
 53 
 
St. Peter's — 122 Jefferson Ave,, cor. 2nd St. Sunday services 8.00 
 a.m., 11.00 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Ho'y Communion all Sundays. Sunday 
 school, 12.30 p.m. Rev. Philip W. Mosher, pastor. 
 
 EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 First Church — Cor. Cleveland Ave. and 16th St. Sunday services, 
 10.30 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 11.45 a.m. Wednesdays, 
 8.00 p.m. Rev. W. F. Ungerer, pastor. 
 
 Italian Christian Church (Protestant) — 631 19th St. Sunday ser- 
 vices, 10.30 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Week-day services, 7.30 p.m. Mas- 
 similiaano Tosetto, leader in charge. 
 
 JEWISH. 
 Synagogue — ^Ahvaa Shulon, 1014 Buffalo Ave. 
 
 Synagogue- Beth Israel — Cedar Ave. and Fourth St. Services, 
 Fridays, 8.15 p.m.; Saturdays, 9.30 a.m. Week-days, religious school, 
 
 4 to 6 p.m. daily. Sermons Hebrew and English. Rev. J. Holzman 
 pastor. 
 
 Synagogue- Beth El — Ashland Ave., opp. Public Library. Saturday 
 and Holy Day services, 10.30 a.m. and Friday evenings, 8 p.m. 
 
 LATTER DAY SAINTS. 
 
 The Re-organlzed Church of Jesus Christ — Willow Ave. and 17th 
 St. Sunday services, 11.00 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Wednesdays, 8.00 p.m. 
 Rev. W. J. Landes, pastor. 
 
 LUTHERAN. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran Trinity — 1341 South Ave. Sunday services 
 (German) 10.30 a.m. and English 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 9.30 a.m. 
 Rev. Paul T. Gutknecht, pastor. 
 
 St. Paul's— Cor. Cleveland Ave. and 18th St. Sunday services, 10.30 
 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Week-days, 7.45 (English and German). Rev. 
 Edward Nemeschy, pastor. 
 
 ZIon (English and German) — Tenth St. and Michigan Ave. Sun- 
 day services, 10.45 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. During July and August, 10. OO 
 a.m. Eng^lish, and 11.00 a.m. German. Rev. Herman Brezing, pastor. 
 
 Swedish Lutheran — 499 Twenty-seventh St., cor. Ferry Ave. Sun- 
 day services, 3.45 p.m. Rev. Emil F. Bergren, pastor. Residence, 
 10 Chenango St., Buffalo, N. T. 
 
 METHODIST. 
 
 St. Paul's M. E. — First and Thomas Sts. Sunday services, 10.30 
 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 12 m. Epworth League, 6.30 
 p.m. Wednesdays, 8.00 p.m. Rev. John E. Manning, pastor. 
 
 St. James M. E. — 15th St., cor. South Ave. Sunday services, 10.30 
 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Epworth League, 6.30 p.m. Sunday school, 11.45 
 a.m. Wednesdays, 7.30 p.m. Rev. W. M. Young, pastor. 
 
 Free Methodist — Weston Ave. and 15th St. Sunday service, 11.00 
 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 10.00 a.m. Wednesdays, 8.00 
 p.m. Rev. Richard Carne, pastor. 
 
 Italian M. E. — Cor. Pine Ave. and 16th St. Sunday services. 3 and 
 7.30 p.m. Thursdays, 8 p.m. Rev. W.M. Young and Rev. Robert H. 
 Pfeiffer, B. D., pastors. 
 
 POLISH PROTESTANT. 
 Polish Protestant — Cor. Pine Ave. and 16th St. Sunday services, 
 
 5 p.m. Mondays, 7.30 p.m. Wednesdays, 7.30 p.m. Fridays, 7.30 
 p.m. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 Pierce Ave. — Nineteenth St., cor. Pierce Ave. Sunday services, 
 11.00 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 12.15 p.m. Wednesdays, 
 8:00 p.m. Rev. W. C. Crofts, pastor. 
 
 First Presbyterian— 313 First St., near Falls St. Sunday services, 
 11.00 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. Sunday school, 10.00 a.m. Wednesdays, 
 7.45 p.m. Rev. Albert S Bacon, minister; Rev. Geo. S. Tappan, as- 
 sistant minister. 
 
 SALVATION ARMY. 
 
 The Salvation Army Citadel — 228 First St. Sunday services, 10.45 
 a.m.. 2.15 p.m. and 7.30 p.m. Y. P. L. meeting, 3.80 p.m. Tuesdays, 
 Thursdays, Saturdays, 8.00 p.m. Howard E. Margetts, Captain. 
 
 54 
 
SIDE TRIPS 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Toronto, the Queen City of Canada, and the Capital of the 
 Province of Ontario, lies on the north shore of Lake Ontario just thirty 
 miles due north of the mouth of the Niagara River, 47 miles 
 from Niagara Falls and 315 miles from Montreal. It has a popula- 
 tion of half a million people, and is, undoubtedly, one of the hand- 
 somest residence cities on the continent. Its beautiful avenues, and 
 mi'.es of admirably kept asphalt pavements, its universities, libraries, 
 public buildings, hospitals, churches, schools, residences and eleven 
 hundred acres of well cared for parks, give it an attractiveness to be 
 found in few cities. 
 
 At least 50 per cent, of the visitors to Niagara Falls take advan- 
 tage of the side trip to Toronto, for the reason that it is one of the 
 most pleasant trips out of the Falls, and also because it affords an 
 opportunity to visit one of the chief cities of the Dominion of Canada. 
 Sightseers visiting Niagara Falls should not fail to visit Toronto. Great 
 Gorge Route cars leave Niagara Falls week days and Sundays at 9.45 
 a.m., (Sundays, K\30 a.m. instead of 9.45) 11.45 a.m., 5.30 p.m. and 
 7.45 p.m., connecting with Canada Steamship Lines' steamers leaving 
 Lewiston, N. T., 10.30 a.m. (Sundays, 11.15 a.m. instead of 10.30 a.m.), 
 12.30 p.m., 6.20 p.m. and 8.30 p.m., arriving Toronto at 1.00 p.m. 
 (Sundays, 1.45 p.m.), 3.15 p m. and 11.10 p.m. Tlie steamer arriving 
 at Toronto at 3.15 p.m., makes connections with the Montreal steam- 
 er leaving Toronto at 3.30 p.m. 
 
 Fare, one way, $1.94, Two day. Round Trip, $2.97. 
 Round Trip, S3. 51, including war tax. 
 
 Thirty -day 
 
 M 
 
 
 •\ 
 
 l\l 
 
 .\|\()\R\ ^\\U.V■W^"t^^^^1e^44:A^ifK 
 
 'Canada Steamship Lines' Steamers. 
 55 
 
SEE TORONTO IN A DAY 
 
 BY TAKING THE 
 
 ALL SCENIC TREASURE TOURS 
 
 From NIAGARA FALLS 
 
 Via the "Great Gorge Route" to Lewlston, N. Y, and the Canada 
 Steamship Lines' Elegant Steamers to Toronto. Special cars leave 
 Niagara Falls 9.45 A. M. 
 
 SEVEN MILES THROUGH NIAGARA'S GRAND CANYON, 
 passing the great Michigan R. R. Cantilever and Grand Trunk Ry. 
 Steel Arch Bridge, the mighty Whirlpool Rapids, Whirlpool, Span- 
 ish Aero Car across the Whirlpool, Brock's Monument, and Queen- 
 ston Heights. 
 
 From Buffalo take 8 a.m. High Speed Line car which connects 
 with 9.45 a.m. Gorge car connecting with steamer, arriving To- 
 ronto 1.00 p.m. Returning, leave Toronto 5.15 p.m., arriving Niag- 
 ara Falls 8.35 p.m., connecting with 8.45 p.m. High Speed Line 
 car, arriving Buffalo, 9.45 p.m. same day. 
 
 Seven Miles Sail on Lower Picturesque River, passing Queen- 
 ston, Ont., Youngstown, N. Y., Fort Mississauqua, Niagara-on-the- 
 Lake and Fort Niagara, N. Y. 
 
 35 Miles Sail Across Lake Ontario. At Toronto, 8 of the finest 
 type 33-passenger Auto Sight-seeing Cars, each with competent 
 Guide, meet the Steamer to take you to the popular HOTEL 
 CARLS -RITE for Lunch, after which you start on the 20'-Mile 
 Auto Siglit-seeing trip around the City to view the numerous 
 points of interest, including a visit through the HOUSE OF PAR- 
 LL^MENT. 
 
 At 4 P. M. a stop is made at T. E. Eaton's, the largest de- 
 partment store in Canada. 
 
 At 5.15 P. M. Steamer leaves foot of Yonge Street (4 blocks 
 below Eaton's Store), arriving at Lewiston, N. Y., at 8.05 P. M. and 
 Niagara Falls at 8.35 P. M. 
 
 Ticket, Complete, including Gorge and Steamer Transportation, 
 Lunch and Sightseeing trip in Toronto, $5.25 Round Trip. 
 
 Tickets also good returning next day on any of the 4 steamers. 
 
 The Most Complete, the Most Satisfactory and the Most Enjoyable 
 Trip Out of Niagara Falls 
 
 Thousands Take this Delightful Trip every Summer and are well 
 
 Pleased. 
 
 BE SURE AND LOOK FOR THE TREASURE TOURS OFFICE, 
 42 West Falls Street. 
 
 Phone 381 -M. Further inormation and literature cheerfully 
 furnished. 
 
 Let Us Explain the Merits of the Trip. 
 
 J. W. TREASURE. G. C. NICHOLAS, Manager. 
 
 Tours Established 1903. 
 
From the opposite direction steamers leave Toronto week days 
 and Sundays at 7.30 a.m. (Sundays. 8.15 a.m. instead of 7.30 a.m.), 
 9.30 a.m., 2.00 p.m. and 5.15 p.m. Gorge Route cars connect with 
 these steamers at Lewiston, arriving at Niagara Falls, three hours 
 later from the time passengers leave Toronto. This is the only line 
 of steamers plying the lower picturesque Niagara River. Purchase 
 tickets at Great Gorge Route office. 
 
 International Railway cars connecting with Toronto steamers at 
 Queenston, Ont., leave Niagara Falls, N. Y., daily at 9.15 a.m. (Sun- 
 days, 10.05 a.m.), 11.15 a. m,, 5.15 p.m., 7.05 p. m., connecting with 
 steamers leaving Queenston, 10 a.m.. (Sundays, 11 a.m.), 12.15 p.m., 
 5.50 p. m., 7.55 p.m. One way fare, $1.94. Round trip (30 days), $3.51. 
 
 New York Central trains connecting with Toronto steamers at 
 Lewiston leave Niagara Falls, N. Y., (effective June 29th) daily, 9.50 
 a.m., 11.50 a.m., 5.50 p.m., 7.00 p.m. From the opposite direction 
 trains leave Lewiston, 8.05 a.m., 10.30 a.m., 12.40 p.m., 5.00 p.m., 
 6.25 p.m., 8.25 p.m. One way fare. $1.94. Round trip (30 days), 
 $3.51. 
 
 The Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto electric line cars leave 
 Niagara Falls, N. Y., 6.40 a.m. (Sundays, 9.10 a.m.), returning, leave 
 Toronto 5 p.m., connecting with Toronto steamer at Port Dalhousie. 
 One way fare, $1.94. Round Trip (30 days), $3.27. 
 
 While in Toronto be sure and take the Provincial Motor Co.'s 
 large and elegant (Grey) cars for the sightseeing trip around the city, 
 $1.00. 
 
 Main Building, Toronto Exhibition. 
 
 Do not fail to see the Canadian National Exhibition. This 
 year, August 28th to September 11th, the largest annual exhibition 
 in the world, with a yearly attendance of well over 1,000,000 people, 
 is held at Toronto. The Exhibition Park extends along the Lake shore 
 for nearly a mile, and covers an area of 264 acres; its buildings, 75 
 in number, are all artistic permanent structures, valued at $2,500,000. 
 This year an extensive addition to the Park is being made, and, 
 among other buiildings, a large Stock Arena, to cost $1,400,000, is 
 being erected. 
 
 Side trips to Trousand Islands, Montreal, Quebec, St. Lawrence 
 River points have always proved one of the greatest attractions for 
 tourists, and thousands while at the Falls, have availed themselves 
 of this opportunity to see the beautiful St. Lawrence. For tickets, 
 reservations, etc., apply to Great Gorge Route or New York Central 
 Railroad. 
 
 57 
 
Fine Arts Gallery, Canadian National Exhibition Grounds. 
 SIDE TRIP TO THOUSAND ISLAND. 
 Thousand Island Park, N. Y., on Wellesley Island, has a summer 
 population of 7,000. The park has ample accommodation for visitors, 
 both at the Wellesley Hotel and at the excellent boarding houses. 
 
 Alexandria Bay, N. Y., with its fine summer hotels, is where the 
 largest tourist travel centers, and where tourists may stop over and 
 take the many delightful motor boat Ramble trips. 
 
 Alexandria Bay is one of the most popular as well as one of the 
 most fashionable watering places in America. Thousands of people 
 from all parts of the world visit it annually, attracted by the fame of 
 its natural beauty, wholesome atmosphere, pleasant society and ex- 
 cellent fishing. The adjacent islands are dotted with cottages in all 
 sorts of picturesque surroundings, some showing from among the 
 trees, perched on rocky bluffs, others snugly perched on low-lying 
 islands or nestMng in beautiful coves along the mainland. 
 MONTREAL. QUE. 
 
 Population 850,000, the 
 commercial metropolis 
 of Canada, founded in 
 1642; named from 
 Mount Royal, the 
 mountain behind the 
 city. The first church, 
 Notre de Bonsecours, 
 was built in 1657. A visit 
 to the Chateau de Ra- 
 mezay, the Church of 
 Notre Dame, St. James 
 Cathedral (on the plan 
 of St. Peter's at Rome). 
 Mount Royal Park, and 
 many other places, will 
 be found interesting. 
 Historic spots in the 
 older portions of the 
 city are marked by 
 marble tablets. Montre- 
 al is the headquarters 
 for ocean shipping, and 
 is the principal finan- 
 cial and business cen- 
 ter of Canada, and one 
 of the wealthiest cities 
 of its size in America. 
 Its universities, hospi- 
 tals and public build- 
 ings are architecturally 
 beautiful and imposing. 
 The entire city has an appearance of wealth and solidity. 
 
 59 
 
 Notre Dame 
 
POPULAR HOTELS AT MONTREAL 
 
 The Place Viger Hotel, which is a fireproof structure, occu- 
 pies an historic site facing the pretty park-like square. 
 
 Freeman's Hotel is noted for elegance and comfort. Con- 
 venient to all Railway stations, steamers, and Places of Amuse- 
 ment. 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 
 Capital of the Province. In 1535 Jacques Cartier sailed from 
 France to discover a new way to the Indies. He sailed up the mag- 
 nificent river and called it the St. Lawrence, anchoring at a little 
 tributary which he called St. Croix. After visiting Hochelaga (Mon- 
 treal) he wintered there, returning to France the following spring. 
 In 1608 Samuel de Champlain planted the fleur-de-lis of France on the 
 heights of Quebec, and became the real founder of New France. In 
 1629 Quebec fell into the hands of the British, but with the rest of 
 the country was restored to the French in 1632. In 1690 the British 
 again attacked it and failed, but in 1759 were successful under Wolfe, 
 when he and the French General, Montcalm, fell in the battle of the 
 Plains of Abraham The whole of Canada then passed into the hands 
 of the British. Quebec is the principal military station in: Canada, 
 and, next to Gibraltar, the strongest fortified position in British ter- 
 ritory. A walled fortification, with gates, surrounds the old city; the 
 fortifications and best residence portion, is "Upper Town." 
 
 Inside of this is the famous public promenade, known as 
 Dufferin Terrace, and at the east end of this terrace is the splen- 
 did hotel, the "Chateau Frontenac," a noble adjunct even to so 
 Ki'and a spot. 
 
 The visitor to Quebec should visit the Falls of Montmorency, 
 seven miles east of the city, also the famous shrine of Ste. Anne de 
 Beaupre (twenty miles east, reached by electric railway), where over 
 150,000 pilgrims annually pay their devotions. 
 
 Mount Ste. Anne, 2,700 feet in height, with the world-famed shrine 
 nestling at its foot, is seen in passing the east end of the Isle of Or- 
 leans, and a short distance beyond is Cape Tourmente, 2,000 feet in 
 height. Here salt water begins, and the river widens until it assumes 
 the proportions of an inland sea. 
 
 THE NEW 
 
 FREEMAN'S HOTEL 
 
 MONTREAL, QUE. 
 
 NOTED FOR ELEGANCE AND COMFORT 
 
 Attractive as it is outside, it is when the building is entered 
 that one discovers the charming aspects of the place. Spaciousness 
 is everywhere. High ceilings, broad corridors, wide stairways, and 
 large rooms are dharacteristic throughout. At every turn one is 
 impressed with the liberajllty and good taste of the builder. 
 
 Situated on St. James St., within five minutes from all railroad 
 and steamship landings. 
 
 EUROPEAN PLAN ONLY 
 
 150 BED ROOMS— 80 WITH PRIVATE BATHS 
 
 RATES : 
 
 Single Double 
 
 Room with Bath (Outside) $3.00 $4.50 
 
 Room with Bath (Court) 2.50 3.50 
 
 Room without Bath (Outside) 2.50 3.50 
 
 Room without Bath (Court) 2.00 3.00 
 
 Hot and Cold Running Water in all Rooms 
 
 THREE DINING ROOMS 
 
 Main Restaurant, a la Carte service — Business Men's Lunch 
 
 Room, 85c Table d'Hote. Counter Lunch Room — Short 
 
 Orders, Moderate Cost. 
 
 ROTARIAN CLUB HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 CHAS. L. deROUVILLE, Manager. 
 
 60 
 
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 Horticutural Building, Canadian National Exhibition Grounds 
 
 When Planning Your Trip to Niagara Falls 
 include a visit to that other 
 Great Wonder of America 
 
 THE CANADIAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION 
 
 at 
 
 TORONTO 
 
 THE ANNUAL WORLD'S FAIR 
 
 August 28th to September 11th, inclusive 
 
 264 acres of education and inspiration 
 
 A Trip to Canada is Incomplete without a Visit to Toronto 
 
 and Its Super- exposition 
 
 1919 Attendance 1,201,000 
 
 Manufacturer's Building, Canadian National Exhibition Grounds 
 
 61 
 
NEW HIGH SPEED LINE. 
 Between Buffalo and Niagara Falls 
 
 "One Hour Ride" between Buffalo- Niagara Falls. To tne stranger 
 or tourist arriving in Buffalo, either for business or pleasure, the 
 knowledge that Niagara Falls, one of the most wonderful scenic and 
 panoramic attractions of the world, is within 22 miles. The question as 
 how to get there the best and quickest way is no problem, since 
 the completion of "The New High Speed Line" of the International 
 Railway Company. 
 
 This High Speed Line was completed in 1918 and the first cars 
 operated June 9th, making the trip in one hour between Buffalo and 
 Niagara Falls. This High Speed Line was built with the idea of 
 providing a quick electric line service and in such a manner as to 
 provide high speed service with safety, at a cost of approximately 
 $4,000,000.00. 
 
 
 INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL, NIAGARA FALLS. 
 
 On account of the frequency of service and rapid transit facilities 
 this line affords, it became universally popular, so that in a few 
 months it was necessary to install trains of two and three cars instead 
 of single cars, to take care of the heavy travel, a three-car train 
 providing seating cai>acity for 200. 
 
 The trains leave Main and Court Streets, Buffalo, N. Y., every 
 thirty minutes, on the hour and half hour, and from Niagara Falls, 
 terminal station fifteen minutes before and fifteen minutes after the 
 hour, but during the summer months a fifteen-minute service is op- 
 erated, to provide sufficient cars to take care of the extra heavy 
 tourist travel, between Buffalo and Niagara Falls. 
 
 NEW YORK CENTRAL R. R. TRAINS. 
 Between Niagara Falls and Buffalo. 
 Leave Buffalo and Niagara Falls about every hour — running time, 
 50 minutes. 
 
 VACATIONING ON THE GREAT LAKES 
 
 The Great Lakes Transit Corporation steel steamers "Octorara", 
 "Juniata" and "Tionesta" place within, the reach of all, a Great 
 Lakes Cruise under the most favorable and enjoyable circumstances. 
 The steamers placed in service by this Corporation, may be said to 
 equal, if not in size, at least in appointment, the great ocean grey- 
 hounds. They are the finest and most up-to-date in the shipbuilding 
 art. 
 
 The pleasure of a cruise up the Great Lakes along the highways 
 that stretch from Buffalo westward to Duluth, are many and varied, 
 
while the health benefits and complete rest obtained are beyond es- 
 timate. There is a coolness and rest and quiet in a water trip; there 
 are the invigorating tonic breezes that sweep from the forests of 
 Wisconsin and over the great waters of Lake Superior. There is the 
 comfort of the staterooms and parlors and good food, without the 
 stuffiness, heat and other frequent other changes in travel on land. 
 There are interesting cities and beautiful scenery all the way. 
 
 The Cruise, Buffalo to Duluth and return (2230 miles), is quite 
 equal to a trip to Europe. Ports of call enroute are Cleveland, De- 
 troit, Mackinac Islands, Mich., Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., Houghton, 
 Mich., and Duluth. 
 
 CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT CO. 
 
 THE GREAT SHIP "SEEANDBEE" 
 
 The Largest and Most Costly Passenger Steamer on Inland Waters 
 
 of the World. 
 
 Her Dimensions — Length on deck, 500 feet; breadth on deck, 98 
 feet 6 inches; depth, 23 feet; draught of water, 15 feet. 510 state- 
 rooms and parlors — ^accommodating 1500 passengers — equaling in 
 sleeping capacity the largest hotels of the country. Freight capacity 
 on deck, 1500 tons — a, train-load of freight. In commission about 
 June 15, 1920. Greater in cost — larger in all proportions — richer in all 
 appointments — than any other steamer on inland waters of the world. 
 
 A refreshing night's ride between Cleveland and Buffalo. 
 
 THE GREAT SHIP "SEEANDBEE" 
 Sailing Dates— Season 1920. 
 
 From Buffalo: June 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30. July 2, 5, 7, 9 and 
 every Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday thereafter at 9 P. M. and 
 every Saturday at 9 A. M. until September 5th, inclusive. 
 
 From Cleveland: June 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, July 1. 3, 4, 6, 
 8 and every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday thereafter 
 until September 4th, inclusive. 
 
 For full service see page 71. 
 
 Whether your trip takes you East or West— combine with it the 
 pleasure of a night's refreshing rest on Lake Erie with every con- 
 venience for your comfort and enjoyment afforded by our steamers— 
 so large and so well equipped aa to be veritable floating hotels. Rail- 
 road tickets reading between Oleveland and Buffalo are good for 
 transportation on our Steamers. 
 
 For further particulars apply at C. «& B., American Express Tour- 
 ist or Railroad ticket offices. 
 
 63 
 
Travel the American Way 
 
 This means travel with the backing of a 
 world-wide commercial organization, the 
 financial standing and responsibility of 
 which are unquestioned, it means travel 
 under the direction of men expert in the 
 Travel business; men w'ho through 
 years of experi»3nce have equipped them- 
 selves to cope with every travel problem 
 which might arise. It means making 
 American Express offices your head- 
 quarters wherever you go. It means you 
 can procure your tickets, your railroad, 
 steamship and hotel accommodations, 
 your insurance, your American Express 
 Travelers' Cheques and your Letters of 
 Credit with little effort and through one 
 Company. It m»2ans you always travel 
 first-class, and that you enjoy every com- 
 fort and privilege traveling affords. It 
 is decidedly advantageous to 
 
 TRAVEL-THE-AMERICAN-WAY 
 
 Conducted and independent tours and 
 cruises to all parts of the world. Write to 
 
 American Express Travel Dept. 
 
 65 Broadway 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
,i^m 
 
 CHATEAU FRONTENAC' QUEBEC 
 
 The Canadian Pacific Railway reaches every important city in 
 Canada. The principal agricultural, industrial and commercial dis- 
 tricts are all on its system, as well as some of the most magnificent 
 scenery on the whole North American Continent. 
 
 Canadian Pacific service is famous as the highest attainable 
 standard of Railway service. It is met a'so in the chain of Canadian 
 Pacific Hotels that stretch from Atlantic to Pacific, of which the 
 Place Viger at Montreal and the Chateau Frontenac at Quebec are 
 two. 
 
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 The Cana- 
 dian Pacific 
 service be- 
 tween Buf- 
 falo, Toron- 
 to, Montreal 
 and Quebec 
 includes: 
 Three trains 
 a day from 
 Buffalo t o 
 Toronto, by 
 Niagara and 
 six a day 
 (four on 
 Sundays) via 
 Bridgeburg. 
 Four trains 
 a day (two 
 on Sundays) 
 from Toron- 
 to to Montreal. 
 
 Three trains a day (two on Sunday) from Montreal to Quebec. 
 George O. Walton, General Agent, Passenger Department Canadian 
 Pacific Railway, 11 South Division St., Ellicott Square, 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Mi 
 
 PLACE VIGER' MONTREAL 
 
 65 
 
m^ 
 
 BUFFALO'S GREATNESS BRIEFLY TOLD 
 
 To get an adequate conception of Buffalo's great commerce, it is 
 necessary to see it, and every visitor is urged to visit the waterfront 
 with its gigantic elevators, which last year handled more than 258,- 
 00i0,000 bushels of grain from our own west and the Canadian north- 
 west, together with the blast furnaces and steel plants. Here also 
 centers an immense business in package freight distributed out of 
 Buffalo on the lines of 17 railroad systems. The Buffalo district also is 
 the largest lumber market in the world. At the stock yards in East 
 Buffalo an annual business of more than $100,000,000 is transacted. 
 Buffalo makes many of the world's best automobiles, has hundreds 
 of great factories, making lines so diversified that 56 per cent, of all 
 the manufacturers recognized by the Census Bureau of the United 
 
 States are represented in Buffalo. 
 
 Our parks include more than 1,- 
 200 acres, open always for the en- 
 joyment of the people, with pro- 
 visions for alil kinds of healthful 
 sports. "Keep Off the Grass" signs 
 have been burned. Parks belong to 
 the people and they are urged to 
 use them. Daily band concerts dur- 
 ing the summer season are given in 
 the parks at the expense of the city 
 ind are enjoyed by many thousands. 
 Delaware Park is the ilargest of 
 these recreation grounds. Here is 
 located the Albright Art Gallery, 
 famous as the finest example in 
 America of Grecian architecture and 
 housing splendid examples of Am- 
 erican art. Here also is located the 
 Zoo, with a creditable collection of 
 wild animals, and equally free to 
 resident and visitor. In South Park 
 is -located a great botanical garden, 
 yith an unsurpassed collection of 
 rare plants and flowers. 
 Buffalo has become one of the world's greatest convention cities. 
 This has been accomplished by applying the square deal to the 
 convention business, assuring visitors against extortion and to the 
 convenient location of this city in the center of a circle including 
 more than half the population of the United States and two-thirds of 
 Canada's population. In addition to the rail facilities, splendid 
 passenger steamers ply the lakes from this port to all of the lake 
 cities. Smaller vessels carry thousands of visitors to nearby resorts, 
 especially Crystal Beach, and Niagara Falls is only a short trip north 
 with trains and trolley cars available at frequent intervals. 
 
 There are few points of 
 interest in Buffalo which 
 receive as much attention 
 from out of town visitors as 
 the factories and offices of 
 the Larkin Co., where 4,000 
 people are employed. In the 
 fajctories many different 
 products are manufactured 
 under the most modern and 
 sanitary conditions. The 
 Larkin A d m i n i s t r ation 
 Building, housing a clerical 
 force of 1,500, is designed in 
 a style of architecture 
 unique among commercial 
 institutions in this country. 
 Uniformed guides are fur- 
 nished to escort visitors 
 about the Larkin plant. Af- 
 ter the trip refreshments 
 
 Statler Hotel 
 
 
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 are served and moving pictures shown. 
 
 66 
 
 Larkin Auditorium 
 
A Trip to Buffalo 
 Witlwut Seeing the 
 Lavkin Factories is 
 like a Trip to Niagara 
 Without Seeing the 
 Falls. 
 
 wsit the Great £arkin Factories 
 
 Last year nearly 50,000 visitors, Americans from 
 every state of the Union, tourists from Canada and 
 countries overseas, took the "Trip through the Larkin 
 Factories." Among these interested sightseers and 
 students of a great American industry were the King and 
 Queen of Belgium, and their party. 
 
 And now tlie invitation is extended to you, "Come and 
 see us. too." 
 
 Guides - Souvenirs -"Refreshments 
 
 You, too may spend an hour crowded with instruction, 
 interest and entertainment. See a great modern factory 
 using tlie most advanced methods. Learn how soaps, per- 
 fumes and pure foods are made. 
 
 Guides conduct our parties through the Factory and 
 our Administration B'dg., one 
 of the finest and most perfectly 
 equipped private office buildings 
 in the world. Refreshments 
 served while viewing motion pic- 
 tures; souvenirs to each guest. 
 
 Take Seneca, Abbott Road, 
 South Park or Jefferson Street 
 car. Ten minutes from Main 
 street. 
 
 L^rkitz Cxu 
 
 Established 1875 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 *-«!^»~%*w^^^te^-^- 
 
 The Administration Building 
 The Larl<in Factories— 73 Acres of Floor Space. 
 
You will find in 
 Buffalo every facil- 
 ity of which an> 
 great city can boast f;* 
 and many things 
 which cannot be 
 duplicated in any 
 other city. It is a 
 beautiful city in 
 which to live and 
 work, and if you 
 should decide to ex- 
 tend your stay here 
 indefinitely, you will 
 be twice welcome. 
 
 Sight -seeing — Buffalo 
 
 CRYSTAL BEACH. 
 
 One of nature's delightful lake-side beauty spots has come to be 
 
 one of the most popular resorts for summer recreations in this entire 
 
 section. It is situated on the picturesque shores of Lake Erie about 
 
 12 miles from Buffalo. Two palatial steamers, the Americana and 
 
 Canadiana, among the largest and finest excursion boats in the world, 
 
 each with a capacity of 3,500 people, ply between Buffalo and the 
 
 beach week days and Sun- 
 days throughout the season. 
 The trip consumes an hour 
 each way, the ride affording 
 an excellent view of Buf- 
 falo's supurb harbor and the 
 gigantic plant of the Lacka- 
 wanna Steel company. The 
 trip to the Beach has its 
 
 special delights, good music being provided and dancing and other 
 
 diversions indulged. 
 
 Crystal Beach became famous through its unsurpassed bathing 
 
 beach, one of the finest fresh-water bathing beaches in the country. 
 
 Its velvety white sand skirts the shore for miles and it slopes so 
 
 gradually from the 
 
 water's edge that 
 
 It affords bathers 
 
 absolute safety and 
 
 is the mecca af 
 
 thousands of bath- 
 ers daily. The 
 
 m o d e rn sanitary 
 
 bath house, with 
 
 a c c o mmodations 
 
 for more than 
 
 three thousand 
 
 Dathers at one 
 
 time is taxed to its 
 
 utmost throughout 
 
 the season. ^ rr , ■-. rx i -7 
 
 Buffaloes in Buffalo Zoo 
 
CRYSTAL BEACH 
 
 BUFFALO'S FAMOUS SUMMER RESORT 
 
 BEST FRESH WATER BEACH ON EARTH 
 
 Steamers Americana and Canadiana 
 
 Capacity 3500 Persons each 
 Leave Buffalo almost hourly, week-days and Sundays, from the 
 foot of Commericai Street. 
 
 
 25-MILE 
 
 Free 
 
 SPECLAL 
 
 LAKE RIDE- 
 
 Dancing 
 
 FARES TO 
 
 -50c ROUND TRIP 
 
 on Steamer 
 
 LARGE PARTIES 
 
 
 W. M. KLEHN, Passenger Agent. 
 
 THE LAKE ERIE EXCURSION 
 
 General Office, foot of Commercial Street, Buffalo, N. 
 
 CO 
 
 Y. 
 
 69 
 
FORT NIAGARA BEACH 
 
 CN LAKE ONTARIO 
 (American Side) 
 
 Cottage Row 
 
 Excellent Bathing- Beach. Good Boating- and Fishing. 
 DANCING — Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday Afternoons, 
 and Every Evening Except Mondays. Bowling Alleys and 
 Miscellaneous Attractions. 
 
 OUR MOTTO— WE SERVE TO PLEASE 
 
 Meals and Lunches. Dining-Room Service.. 
 
 Refreshments and Light Lunches. 
 
 Summer Cottages $6 to $25 Weekly 
 
 Special Meal Rates to Cottagers. 
 
 WE CATER TO SPECIAL PARTIES ON 
 ADVANCE NOTICE 
 
 Our Picnic Grounds are FREE to the Public. 
 Pure Spring "Water, City Plumbing, Septic System and Elec- 
 tric Lights. 
 
 Great Gorge Route Cars Direct to the Beach. 
 Round Trip Fare from Niagara Falls, $1.03. 
 After 11:30 a.m. 54c Round Trip. 
 
 HARRY G. MclNTYRE 
 
 Manager, Fort Niag^ara Beach - - Youngstown, N. Y. 
 
A WONDERFUL SIDE TRIP 
 
 The Great Ship "SEEANDBEE" 
 
 Largest and Most Costly Steamer on Inland Waters of the World. 
 500 ft. Long-, 98 ft. 6 inches Broad. 500 Staterooms and Parlors, 
 acaommodating- 1,500 persons. 
 
 Steamers "City of Buffalo" and "City of Erie." 
 
 BETWEEN BUFFALO AND CLEVELAND 
 
 Daily May 1 to Nov. 15. 
 
 Leave Buffalo 9:00 P.M. Leave Cleveland 9:00 P.M. 
 
 Arrive Cleveland 7:30 A.M. Arrive Buffalo 7:30 A.M. 
 
 (Eastern standard time) 
 Daylight Trips Every Saturday, July 17 to Sept. 4, 9 a. m. 
 
 Fares: $4.63 One Way, $7.87 Round Trip. 
 Week- End Excursions Every Saturday, $5.09 Round Trip. 
 
 THE ALL-WATER ROUTE TO TOLEDO 
 CEDAR POINT AND PUT-IN-BAY 
 
 Daily (except Monday) Service, June 19 to Sept. 6, inalusive. 
 FARES : 
 
 Buffalo to Toledo $5.56 One Way, $8.56 Round Trip 
 
 Buffalo to Cedar Point or 
 
 Put-in-Bay $5.56 One Way, $9.03 Round Trip 
 
 Week-End Excursions to Cedar Point and 
 
 Put-in-Bay Every Saturday $5.56 Round Trip 
 
 New Tourist Automobile Rate, $10.00 Round Trip, with Two-day 
 
 Return Limit for cars not exceeding 127 inches wheel base. 
 
 Cars over 127 inches wheel base, $14.50 Round Trip. 
 Railroad Tickets over N.Y.C.R.R. or N.T.C. & St. L. Ry. between 
 Buffajlo and Cleveland, good for Transportation on our Steamers. 
 
 THE CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT COMPANY 
 S. Michigan Ave. Bridge, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 71 
 
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 Hotels Statler 
 
 BUFFALO DETROIT 
 
 450 Rooms 450 Hatha 1000 Rooms 1000 Baths 
 
 CLEVELAND ST. LOUIS 
 
 1000 Rooms 1000 Baths 
 
 Hotel Pennsylvania 
 
 New York — Statler-operated 
 
 The Largest Hotel in the World 
 
 2200 Rooms 2200 Baths 
 
 Seventh Ave., 32nd to 33rd Sts. 
 
 Opp. Pennsylvania Terminal 
 
 Every guest-room in each of these 
 hotels has private bath, circulating ice- 
 water and other unusual conveniences. 
 Morning paper delivered free to every 
 guest-room. Club breakfasts. 
 
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