SD U.S. Porest Service ThQ National Purest Manual. Instruct i una relating to For- est Products, 19i;5 ;*WJ?J Gass S-/TJ n Book >A4 2- ivia U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE. HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. mSTRUGTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. ISSUED BY THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE TO TAKE EFFECT MAY 1, 1913. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1913. y. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIGULT-yRE; FOREST SERVICE. HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. ISSUED BY THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE TO TAKE EFFECT MAY 1, 1913. WASHINGTON: GOVKRNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1913, \ 4> ^l^ Ov D. OF D, mi 9 5913 CONTENTS. Pagp. Purpose and orgnnizntion of the Brancli of Forest Products 5 P^'ield of work 5 Organization 5 Forest Products Laboratory 6 National Forest utilization 7 Industrial Investigations 9 Stations ^ 10 Executive officers 10 Correlation l)etween different units 10 District offices and Forest I'roducts Laboratory 11 District offices and Industrial Investigations 12 Industrial Investigations and Forest Products Laboratory 13 Apportionment of costs 13 Routine procedure 14 Administrative control 14 Correspondence 15 Requests for information 15 General correspondence 15 Laboratory correspondence 15 Industrial Investigations correspondence 15 Station correspondence 16 Monthly reports : 16 Stations 16 District offices 16 Forest Products Laboratory 16 Industrial Investigations 17 Annual Reports 17 Foi'est Products Laboratory 17 Disti'ict offices 17 Files 17 General classification 17 Filing schemes IS Matters of general routine 18 Cooiteration with companies, organizations and individuals outside of the Forest Service 18 Policy 18 Policy in cooperation 18 Commercial application and demonstration of experimental data_ 18 Remuneration 19 Procedure in cooperation 19 Cooperative agreements 19 Policy 20 Investigation of patented or proprietary articles 20 Publication of data affecting conunercial iutei'ests 21 Confidential information 21 Disposal of prints and designs 21 Compilation of data from outside sources in Laboratory publications- 21 Technical procedure 22 Kinds of investigations 22 Administrative investigations 22 3 4 CONTENTS. Technical procodnre— Continnetl. Page- Technical investigations 23 Fnndamental principles 23 Projects 23 Incorporation in annual investigative program (Forest Service Order No. 41) 24 Preliminary investigations 24 Working plans 25 Descri])tion of material 26 Progress reports 27 Inspection reports on durability tests 27 Project reports 27 General inspections 28 By members of Forest Products Laboratory 28 By members of Office of Industrial Investigations 28 By members of district otfiees 28 Publications 29 Appendix 30 Preliminary reports 30 Woi'king plans 32 Shipment descriptions 33 Description of sami)les 35 Form of cooperative agreement 36 Station reports 39 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. TTnitrd States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D. 6'., April 23,. 1013. The following- procedure and instructions relatino; to investigations in forest prod nets are hereby established and issned to take effect May 1, 1913. H. S. (traves. Approved : Forester. B, T. Galloway, Acting Secretary. PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE BRANCH OE FOREST PRODUCTS. FIELD OF WORK. Purpose. The pnrjiose of this Branch of the Forest Service is to promote the most ]5rofitable and economical utilization of forest products. Its work consists of: Scope of work. (1) Statistical and industrial studies of the i:)roduction and use of wood. (2) Experimental determination of properties, methods of treat- ment, and special products obtainable from wood. (3) Application of ex]:)erimental data on an industrial scale to check i-esnlts and demonstrate their commercial value. (4) Promotion of better utilization of products of the National Forests. Preference to National Forest problems. The function of the Branch is l)oth to assist timber owners and manufacturers througliout the United States and to aid in the ad- ministration of the National Forests. Preference Avill be given, however, to investigations related directly to improA^ed utilization and current business on the National Forests. ORGANIZATION. Administrative head. The administrative direction of the activities of the Branch is vested in an Assistant Forester in Washington, D. C, designated by the Forester. Divisions. The work of the Branch falls into three divisions, each under the supervision of the assistant forester in charge: (1) National Forest Utilization; (2) the Forest Products Laboratory ; and (3) Industrial Investigations. 6 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY. Purpose. The field of the Forest Products Laboratoiy is to conduct technical studies and exj^eriuients designed primarily to add to the existing knowledge of the properties and constituents of wood and to develop new processes or methods of utilization having economic value. It is also the function of the Laboratory to follow up technical experi- ments by the commercial application of their results, as far as may be practicable, on an industrial scale. In general no investigation will be considered complete until the ex])erimental results obtained at the Laboratory have been checked on a connnercial scale and their in- dustrial value demonstrated. Direction of technical work. The Laborat(n'v directs all of the strictly technical and scientific work of the Branch of Products Avithin its field and the methods of experimental investigation employed. As far as practicable, techni- cal investigations will l)e concentrated at the Laboratory. Where advisable to conduct such investigations elsewdiere, this will be done: (1) by an expert detailed from the Laboratory for the purpose and working under its immediate direction; or (2) by a local member of the Service WM)rking mider the direction of the executive officer of the unit concerned, but in accordance with plans approved by the Laboratory and such further supervision and inspection as the Direc- tor considers necessary. The supervision of Products experts in the National Forest districts by the Laboratory extends only to technical or scientific investigations conducted under the working ]ilan procedure as defined on page 25, and is exercised through the district foresters. Organization. Tlie Forest Products Laboratory is located at Madison, Wis., under the immediate supervision of a Director who reports to the assistant forester in charge of the Branch. Administrative assistants. Such administrative assistants as are required will be designated by the director to assist him in supervising the w^ork of the Labora- tory and to perform special duties. Sections. The work of the Laboratory is divided into sections corresponding Avith the major lines of investigation and designated by the director with the apjjroval of the assistant forester. Each section is in charge of a section chief. Committees. The director of the Laboratory will designate from time to time such committees as he deems advisable to pass upon working plans for projects in particular lines of investigation. The aim will be to bring together in each committee the members of the Laboratory staff W'hose experience and capacity in the particular line of investi- gation or related investigations Avill make their scrutiny of a working plan of the greatest value in accomplishing the best results under a proposed project. Such committees will form a permanent feature of the organization of the Forest Products Laboratory, but their per- sonnel may be changed from time to time as the director sees fit. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 7 Advisory board. There will be associated with the Laboratory an advisoiy board consisting of experts of the widest possible experience and national standing in the various lines of investigation conducted at the Labo- ratory and the requirements of the industries which such investiga- tions should benefit. Arrangements will be perfected as far as pos- sible for experts of this character to spend several weeks each year at the Laboratory going over the plans of work, the methods employed, and tlie results obtained in specific projects, and advising the direc- tor and members of his staif on any features of the work which can be improved. The members of the advisory board individually, will thus act as inspectors but not in any executive capacity. The director will act upon their recommendations in so far as advisable in his judgment. Recommendations of the members of the Board which in his judgment should not be put into ellect will be submitted to the assistant forester in charge of the Branch with a statement of his views thereon, for final decision. Field of work. Investigations are conducted at the Forest Products Laboratory and in cx)operation with persons engaged in various wood-using industries, and information disseminated by publication and other- wise along the following lines : (1) Mechanical properties of wood. (2) Physical characteristics and properties of wood. (3) Chemical characteristics and properties of wood. (4) Air seasoning and artificial drying of wood. (5) Agencies destrnctive to wood. (6) Wood preservation. (7) Wood distillation. (8) Production of naval stores. (9) Production of pulp and paper and other chemical prod- ucts of wood. NATIONAL FOREST UTILIZATION. Purpose. The function of experts employed in the National Forest districts is to assist and advise the district foresters on market and utiliza- tion problems involved in current National Forest business. Investi- gations conducted by such experts will be restricted largely to those having a direct bearing upon administrative problems. Scientific studies involving technical processes or experiments will ordinarily be undertaken only when necessary as part of an investigation required for administrative purposes. Other technical investigations may be undertaken in exceptional cases to assist the Forest Products Laboratory or the Office of Industrial Investigations in their respec- tive fields of work. Utilization of National Forest timber. It will be the duty of experts assigned to districts to investigate as completely as possible all utilization and market problems arising in the administration of National Forests. Such work should be conducted in cooperation with reconnaissaince parties obtaining data on stand, species, and topography, with the district engineers in secur- 8 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL, ing data on water supply and available power, and with any other officer or unit of organization in the district whose work bears on the particular investigation in hand. The aim of such investigations will be: (1) to compile all published or manuscript data obtainable bearing on the problem ; (2) to secure all necessary infonnation on the physical conditions involved, as stand, species and quality of timber, available water power, distance from shipping points, freight rates to most accessible markets, and the like; and (3) to indicate what special studies of a technical or experimental nature, if any, should be undertaken to complete the study. Such a preliminary investiga- tion will be embodied in a report on which direct action can be taken by the district forester or assignments for further investigation made by the assistant forester in charge of the Branch. Organization. Products experts in the several districts are under the direction of and directly responsible to the district foresters. Their relationship to the district forester is the same as that of other members of the district office staff. The district forester is responsible for the assign- ment of such experts to the problems which they .should study and for the supervision of their work. Their duties should be correlated with those of the district office of Silviculture, and where advisable such experts may, with the approval of the assistant forester in charge of Forest Products, be placed under the administrative direction of the chief of Silviculture. Their work will be under the supervision of the assistant forester in charge of the Branch, through the district forester, in the same manner as that of district officers assigned to Silviculture or Grazing. Field of work. The field of Products experts assigiied to National Forest districts embraces all investigations and problems connected with the use and marketing of National Forest timber, the construction of improve- ments on the Forests, and related administrative questions. The fol- lowing are included : (1) Studies of existing industries, covering methods and costs of manufacture, grades or oiTher specifications of manufactured products, and prices obtained for manufactured products. The collection of market prices, mill scale studies to determine grades and overrun, and investigations of kiln-drying methods come under this heading. (2) Waste in existing industries and closer utilization possible through improved methods. (3) New uses for National Forest species through wood preser- vation. (4) Introduction of industries which will result in closer or more profitable utilization, as the manufacture of pulp and paper, wood distillation, turpentining, and the manufacture of secondary wood products. (5) Market jirejudices against particular species or classes of ma- terial and means of overcoming them through special studies or publicity. (6) General questions of timber supply and demand, markets, and freight rates, which the district forester deems it advisable to study. (7) Advice and assistance in the construction of National Forest improvements, particularly in the use of wood preservatives. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 9 (8) Advice and assistance to persons in the respective districts, outside of the Forest Service, on any of the foregoing or rehited questions. (9) Preparation of joublications on any subjects covered by the foregoing investigations which haA'e i^ractical or scientific vahie. (10) Demonstrations of methods or processes developed by the Forest Service for tlie benefit of local industries. Duties of forest supervisors. To make Products work in the National Forest districts of the greatest value it is essential that supervisors bring to the attention of the district foresters any problems bearing on the foregoing or related subjects which exist on their Forests. The presence of large quantities of unmarketable species, of dead timber, or of material not used in current sales should be reported. Local ]:)roblems in manufacture and marketing like sap stain, difficulties in kiln drying, market prejudices against usable material, and the etl'ect of given silvicultural methods upon the average grades of lumber manufac- tured should be taken up with the Products experts at the district office. SujDervisors are expected to cooperate in studies along any of these lines and in more general investigations, such as local supply and demand for stumpage, which the district forester orders. Preservative treatment of material used in improvements. Forest supervisors should also bring to the attention of the district foresters their needs for assistance in applying preservative treat- ment to telejjhone poles, posts, and other material used in the con- struction of National Forest improvements. Important projects re- quiring such timbers should be discussed in advance with the Products expert in order that })lans for i)reservative treatment may be thor- oughly considered and applied if found advisable. In the discretion of the district forester, small treating plants may be constructed and operated on or near National Forests where of value to the Forests and the community. The object of such plants will be to facilitate National Forest improvements and to educate the people in the use of preservatives. Eecommendations for their establishment should be made by supervisors when advisable in their judgment. INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATIONS. Purpose. The function of the Office of Industrial Investigations is to conduct statistical and industrial studies of uses of wood in the United States. The aim of these investigations is to determine the methods and conditions under which wood is now used, the marketable products obtained from it, tendencies in methods of manufacture, and im- proved methods possible particularly in the utilization of waste. When practicable such investigations will he followed by the com- mercial application of their results. This unit also directs all sta- tistical investigations of the production and use of forest products conducted by the Forest Service and standardizes the methods em- ployed. Organization. Industrial Investigations is an office in the Branch of Products, under an executive officer at Washington, D. C., designated '' Chief 92590°— 1.3 2 10 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. of Industrial Investigations," who reports directly to the assistant forester in charge of the Branch, Field of work. The work of Industrial Investigations includes the following: (1) Collection and compilation of statistics, in cooperation with the Bureau of the Census and other agencies, on tlie production and con- sumption of forest products, prevailing market and stumpage prices, imports and exports, and transportation rates. (2) The compilation and study of specifications of rough and manufactured forest products. (3) Studies of lumber manufacture and w^ood-using industries as to methods, forms of material, waste, costs, equipment, substitution of one species for another, and improvements through more con- servative use of raw material. (4) Studies of special problems or features of wood-using in- dustries. (5) Advice and assistance through cooperative agreements and otherwise to States, industries, and individuals concerned with such lines of work. (6) The dissemination of results by publications. Duties on eastern Forests. The Office of Industrial Investigations will also assist on market and utilization problems arising in the administration of National Forests acquired in the Eastern States and conduct such special in- vestigations as may be required for this purpose. Its duties in this respect are analogous to those of Products experts in the National Forest districts. STATIONS. For convenience, places other than the headquarters of the various units of the Branch where work is to be conducted for a considerable period will be designated as " stations." Each station will be in charge of a station chief, who will be directly responsible to the executive officer of the unit to which the station reports. Stations of a permanent character will be established only with the approval of the Forester. Temporary stations may, however, be established whenever it is deemed expedient to do so by the proper executive officer. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. The term '' executive officer " as used in this manual means either : (1) a district forester; (2) the director of the Forest Products Laboratory; or (3) the chief of Industrial Investigations. CORRELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT UNITS. Close correlation between the various units comprising the Branch of Products is essential to the e fleet iveness of the work of the Branch as a whole. The following summarizes the more important features of such correlation. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 11 DISTRICT OFFICES AND FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY. Administrative investigations. Investigations for administrative purposes will be initiated and directed by the district foresters. The staff of the Forest Products Laboratory will assist in such investig-ations which come within its field by furnishing outlines of the information to be obtained and by personal conference with the district foresters and members of their offices, but will have no supervisory relationship to this work. Technical investigations. Technical investigations in the several districts, forming part of the annual program, will be conducted in accordance with working plans approved by the director of the Laboratory, Avhen within its province. Their results will be reviewed by the Laboratory staff before publication. As far as practicable such investigations will be concentrated at the Laboratory itself, but where conducted in the districts will be under the supervision of the Laboratory staff' as defined on page G. Special assignments of Laboratory staff. Members of the Laboratory will not be assigned to special investi- gations in any of the districts until the ground has been covered as fully as practicable in a preliminary study l)y the Products expert in the district. The results of this study will be embodied in a prelimi- nary report which should indicate specifically what further investiga- tions requiring specialists from the Forest Products Laboratory should be undertaken. Requests for the assignment of experts from the Laboratory for such investigations in the districts will be submit- ted to the assistant fores-ter in charge of the Branch, with a copy of the preliminary report showing the specific problems to be solved. At the same time a copy of the report and of the letter requesting the special assignment will be sent to the director of the Laboratory who will immediately submit his recommendations and suggestions in the matter to the assistant forester. The latter Avill then decide whether the assignment requested should be made and send necessary instructions to the director of the Laboratory. Tests of field material. Material will be submitted to the Forest Products Laboratory by district foresters for special tests, and other experiments requested whenever necessary for administrative purposes and i^articularly for the better utilization of National Forest timber. When such tests or experiments are not of immediate urgency, a request should be sub- mitted to the director of the Laboratory for the incorporation of the investigations proposed in the next annual program, unless the director finds it practicable to include the tests in current investi- gative projects. If the work desired by a district forester, how- ever, is of immediate urgency, the request will be submitted directly to the assistant forester in charge of the Branch, a copy being sent simultaneously to the director of the Forest Products Laboratory. The director will immediately submit to the assistant forester his recommendations and suggestions in the matter. The latter will then decide whether the work proposed should be given preference 12 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. over the established j^rooram of investigations at the Laboratory, and instruct the director and the district forester accordingly. The ap- proved program of investigative work will not be disturbed to make tests or conduct other studies proposed by district foresters which are not of direct and immediate importance in the administration of the National Forests. Urgent work of this character from the Forests will, however, with the approval of the Forester, be given precedence over the established program of the Laboratory. Mate- rial should not be shipped to the Laboratory until the tests desired have been approved by the director or assistant forester. Current information and advice. The foregoing should not be understood as limiting the fullest possible cooperation between the Forest Products Laboratory and the district foresters, in securing currently information on specific problems, advice, or suggestions on methods of attacking new prob- lems. Conferences. To keep the Laboratory staff in touch with problems arising in the districts and to enable it to cooperate most effectively along the lines indicated, the director Avill visit the National Forest districts from time to time for conferences on the ground. Products experts assigned to districts will similarly be kept in touch with the work of the Laboratory by occasional details. The interchange of monthly and annual reports will furnish an additional medium for keeping the Laboratory and district officers nuitually informed of the work of other units. DISTRICT OFFICES AND INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATIONS. Working plans for industrial studies. Working plans for statistical studies and studies dealing with industries or species in their entirety will be approved by the Chief of Industrial Investigations. The results of such studies will be re- viewed by him prior to publication. Any problems arising on National Forests Avhose solution will be facilitated by special studies in the east in the field of Industrial Investigations or the assignment of experts to the districts will be submitted to the assistant forester with a request for the data or other special assistance desired. The assistant forester will arrange for the investigation required as soon as practicable. Tests of material. Material will be submitted to the Office of Industrial Investigations by district foresters for tests by manufacturers of special products outside of the district, when advisable and practicable, in accordance with plans made in advance with the chief of that office. Conferences. The chief of Industrial Investigations will visit the National Forest districts from time to time for conference, in order to corre- late the work of his office with that of the districts as effectively as possible. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 13 INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATIONS AND FOREST PRODUCTS LABORA- TORY. Current information. It is essential that the Forest Products Laboratory be kept cur- rently in touch with the work done and results obtained by Indus- trial Investigations because of the close bearing of such data upon the studies conducted at the Laboratory. The director of the Labora- tory will designate certain of his assistants from time to time who will be responsible for the review and comiDilation of all data obtained on uses of wood. The chief of Industrial Investigations will send to the Laboratory for review by such designated members of the staff copies of progress reports and other current material of value to the Laboratory. Review of working- plans. 'Working plans for new projects proposed by Industrial Investiga- tions will be sent to the Laboratory for review and suggestions be- fore the work is begim; and all manuscripts on industries, species, and other subjects will be sent to the Laboratory for review prior to their publication. Working plans for new projects proposed at the Laboratory will be submitted to Industrial Investigations for review and suggestions, when in the judgment of the director the work proposed has an im- portant bearing on the field of the latter unit. Manuscripts having a similar bearing will be sent to Industrial Investigations for review prior to publication. Special Laboratory tests. The procedure outlined on page 11 for tests at the Laboratory of material sent from the districts w^ill apply to tests and other si")ecial experiments required by Industrial Investigations in the prosecution of its studies. APPORTIONMENT OF COSTS. Testing material. The cost of i^rocuring and shipping testing material will be borne by the unit at whose instance the investigation was undertaken; by the Forest Products Laboratory when the material is required in con- nection with a Laboratory project ; by Industrial Investigations when the material is required for projects assigned to that office; and by a National Forest district when the tests are to be made as part of a technical or administrative investigation in the district. Details. The cost of details of experts from the Forest Products Laboratory or Office of Industrial Investigations for assignments or conferences in the district will be borne by the unit furnishing the expert, except as other arrangements are made in special cases by the assistant forester. 14 THE NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL. ROUTINE PROCEDITRE. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL. Action by Assistant Forester. Action will be taken by the assistant forester in charge of the Branch on the following matters: 1. Allotments: (1) Annual allotment and appropriation estimates from each unit, prior to submission to the Forester. (2) Changes in suballotments atfecting units of the Branch or major lines of work, but not changes affecting indi- vidual projects or investigations. 2. Plans of work: (1) Annual investigative program from each unit of the Branch, prior to submission to the Central Investigative Committee. (2) New investigative projects of a technical character pro- posed by any unit of the Branch during the year. Such ])rojects will be held for the next meeting of the Central Investigative Committee or submitted to the Forester for immediate approval, as their importance and ur- gency may require. (3) Substitution of urgent work from the field for listed in- vestigative i^rojects at the Forest Products Laboratory. 3. Personnel: (1) Appointments, separations, promotions and disciplinary action, in the case of employees taken from civil service registers. (2) Proposed increases and decreases in the force employed by any unit of the Branch, including nontechnical help, for periods of G months or more. (3) Assignments and transfers aifecting units or major lines of work, not individual projects. (4) Details of experts from the Forest Products Laboratory or Office of Industrial Investigations for special work in the six w^estern districts. 4. Reports: Monthly and annual reports from all units of the Branch; special reports as requested. 5. Manuscripts of publications, prior to submission to the Editor. C). Cooperative agreements involving an expenditure of over $500 annually for the salary or expenses of members of the Service. 7. Questions of policy, changes in the Manual and other special matters. Action by Branch units, .Vction in all other matters will be taken by the executive officer in charge of the unit concerned, subject to the instructions contained in this Manual and to the instructions on Forest Service procedure given in the Manual on General Administration. The executive officers in charge of the Forest Products Laboratory, the Office of Industrial Investigations, and the respective districts will correspond directly with each other except when final action, of the character INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 15 indicated above, requires the approval of the assistant forester in charge of the Branch. CORRESPONDENCE. REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION. Where referred. Requests for information will be referred to the unit best equipped to furnish it, namely': (1) The Forest Products Laboratory, for data on wood properties, timber tests, preservative treatment, seasoning:, pulp and paper manufacture and distillation; {'2) Industrial Inves- tigations, for data on statistics of production and on wood-using in- dustries; (3) the district offices, for data on local experiments and local utilization or market questions. Procedure. Requests for information will be acknowledged by the receiving office, by postal card or letter, and transmitted immediately to the proper unit of the Branch for action. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. Within districts. Requests for information and other correspondence within a Na- tional Forest district will as far as practicable be conducted through the district office. Exceptions to this rule in the collection of sta- tistics or other general data will be made only with the approval of the assistant forester in charge of the Branch. Outside of districts. Otherwise each unit of the Branch w^ill correspond on matters per- taining to its field of work directly with persons or firms throughout the United States and in foreign countries, subject to the procedure defined in the Manual on General Administration. Carbons for other units. Copies of correspondence bearing upon the work of another unit will in all cases be sent to such unit for its information. Carbons of letters from the Forest Products Laboratory or Office of Industrial Investigations to members of these units on detail in National Forest districts, which pertain to the work of the district, will be sent to the district office. LABORATORY CORRESPONDENCE. The correspondence of the Forest Products Laboratory will be signed by the director. Members of the Laboratory staff other than the acting director may be authorized by the director to sign certain classes of correspondence when advisable in his judgment. INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATIONS CORRESPONDENCE. Correspondence originating with the Office of Industrial Investiga- tions will be signed by the chief. Members of the office may be authorized by the chief to sign certain classes of correspondence when advisable in his judgment. 16 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. STATION CORRESPONDENCE. With, outside parties. Men in charge of stations may correspond directly with outside parties on the work of their stations. Copies of such correspondence, except that on purely routine matters, will be forwarded to the ex- ecutive officer to whom the station reports. Copies of Service correspondence. Copies of correspondence relating to the work of the station, originating with the assistant forester or executive officer in charge, Avill be forwarded promptly to the station. When such correspond- ence originates with the assistant forester, copies for the station will be sent through the executive officer in charge with additional carbons for his files. MONTHLY RKPORTS. STATIONS. Not later than the 5th day of each month the officer in charge of each station will submit to the executive officer to Avhom he is re- spons-ible a report on the work of the previous month. This report Avill contain a discussion of the jjrogress on all projects assigned to the station, a statistical statement, a financial statement and any general conunents necessary. The forms to be followed in such statements are shown on i)ages 39 and 40 of the Appendix. DISTRICT OFFICES. A section dealing with Forest Products will form a part of the regular monthly report from each district forester to the Forester. This section will include a dis(nission of the progress on all tech- nical projects, listed by title and number, a statement of the general or administrative investigations under w^ay or proposed, and such conmients and reconunendations on the work and personnel as are needed. Copies of the complete monthly report from each district will be sent to the Forest Products Laboratory. FOREST FRUDITCTS LABORATORY. Section reports. Each section of the Laboratory will submit to the director not later than the nth of each month a report on the work of the pre- vious month. This will include a statement of progress on all projects, a statistical statement, and any general comments neces- sary. The form for statistical statements is given on page 40 of the Appendix. Laboratory report. The re])orts from stations and sections will be summarized by the director for the monthly report of the Forest Products Laboratory. This report will be forAvarded to the assistant forester in charge of the Branch not later than the 15th of each month. Copies will be sent to all district offices. INSTKUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. l7 INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATIONS. The chief of Industrial Investigations will submit to the assistant forester in charge of the Branch not later than the 5th of each month a repoi't on the work of the previous month. This report will include a statement of progress on all projects and such general comments and recommendations as are necessary. Copies will be sent to the Forest Products Laboratory and to each district office. ANNUAL REPORTS. FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY. An annual report will be submitted to the assistant forester by the director of the Forest Products Laboratory not later than July 15 of each year. This report will reviev; the work of the Laboratory during the past fiscal year, discussing particularly broad questions of organization, policy and lines of work rather than detailed inves- tigations, DISTRICT OFFICES. The work in Forest Products will be discussed in the nonstatistical annual report of each district forester. Copies of such reports will be sent to the Forest Products Laboratory. FILES. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION. The files of the Branch Avill cf)ntain records of four general classes J Test records. (1) Test rex'ords, including all experimental data not 3^et analyzed or put in final form. Such records will be filed at the Forest F'rod- ucts Laboratory in the section of computing. They will be classified b}'^ shipment and filed by project number as far as possible. Project records. (2) Keports, papers and corresi^ondence relating to specific proj- ects. This class includes all project records not coming under Class 1, namely : Preliminary reports, cooperative agreements, working pLans, progress reports, inspection reports and project reports, to- gether with all correspondence related to them. Such records will be classified by projects and filed by project numbers. Shipment de- scriptions will be filed serially by shipment numbers. Classified information. (3) Information not secured in connection with a project. This includes all data not contained in Classes 1 and 2 and which can not be classified by project; information not forming an essential part of the jDroject records; and information secured in project investiga- tions, classified by subjects. This file should include a duplicate copy of final project reports and a classified index to the project file, 92590°— 13 3 18 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. Correspondence. (4) Correspondence of a supervisory character related to projects will be filed by project number. Correspondence containing impor- tant data not related to a particular project will be filed under Study numbers. Other correspondence will be filed alphabetically. FILING SCHEMES. Filing schemes conforming with the foregoing classification and with the general rules prescribed by the Forester will be employed b}^ the executive officer in charge of each unit of the Branch. The files of Industrial Investigations will include correspondence on all matters handled by the assistant forester in charge of the Branch except special records of a confidential character, which will be kept in his own office. MATTERS or GENERAL ROUTINE. The instructions contained in the Manual of General Administra- tion and Protection on matters of general routine, not covered speci- fically in this Manual, will govern members and units of the Branch of Forest Products. COOPERATION WITH COMPANIES, ORGANIZATIONS AND INDI- VIDUALS OUTSIDE OF THE FOREST SERVICE. POLICY. It is the policy of the Forest Service to secure to as large an extent as practicable the cooperation of the wood-using industries most directly concerned with the subjects or problems under investigation. The desirability of cooperation and its exact terms wall be determined in each specific case, in accordance with the following general policy and procedure: POLICY IN COOPERATION. COMMERCIAL APPLICATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA. Check on commercial scale necessary. As a general rule, no investigation conducted by the Branch of products will be regarded as comi^lete until the results obtained ex- perimentally have been checked on a commercial scale and their in- dustrial application determined. This will ordinarily be accom- plished through cooperation with individuals or companies using wood and who are commercially interested in the possibilities of the processes or articles in question. Repeated cooperation covering same ground inadvisable. After experimental results have been satisfactorily checked on a commercial scale and their applicability to wood-using industries demonstrated, further cooperation covering the same ground will not be entered into. This course is essential to restrict the activities of the Branch to the determination of improved methods of using wood and to avoid the danger of becoming consulting experts for private interests. INSTEUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 19 Cooperation in construction of commercial plants. The desi^i, construction and operation of commercial plants for wood preservation, distillation, kiln-drying, and similar work may be undertaken in exceptional cases, when a new process will be demon- strated and the plant used, at least in part, for experimental work from which the Service will derive needed information. If new in- formation will not be gained by the Service from the operation of such a plant, or new processes not yet commercially established are n.ot to be demonstrated, the cooperation should not be undertaken. The information of the Service on such plants, including designs and specifications, should, however, be made available to anyone inter- ested. The Service may also indicate the approximate cost of the construction and operation of such plants and submit suggestions on the plans and specifications if desired. Under such circumstances, however, applicants should be referred to consulting engineers, the Service furnishing only such general advice and assistance as can be given at slight cost. Inspection of plants or processes. The Service may on request examine the methods of individuals or companies in handling forest products and prepare plans for im- proving such methods, provided that the purpose is primarily to reduce waste and to obtain information of general value to the in- dustries concerned. If no new information will probably be obtained, such work should not be undertaken but the applicant referred to a consulting expert. REMUNERATION. Salary and expenses of Forest ofl&cers. In cases of active cooperation, there should be a remuneration to the Service equivalent to the total cost of the work done for the cooper- ator, including both the time and expense of the members of the Service detailed to the project. Such remuneration may be reduced by the extent to which the work is strictly experimental and of value chiefly to the Service rather than to the cooperator. When practi- cally all of the work proposed is investigative, the Service having little or no expert knowledge on the subject to begin with, and the results will be of value chiefly to the general public, the charge to the applicant may be made comparatively low or eliminated altogether. Furnisliing material. Whenever practicable, arrangements will be made with cooperators or others especially interested in the investigation to furnish all of the material necessary for the work. PROCEDURE IN COOPERATION". COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS. Written agreements covering cooperation. As far as practicable, cooperative projects will be covered by written agreements. Such agreements are required whenever co- operative investigations of a specific character are to be continued for a period of six months or longer ; or when the total expenditure of the 20 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. Forest Service on the work proposed will exceed $100. Cooperative agreements should state clearly the work to be done and the terms for doing it agreed upon by the Service and the cooperator. They will bear the same title and number as the projects in connection with which the cooperation is entered into. The form and general terms of cooperative agreements, with a discussion of their use, are given on pages 36 to 39 of the Appendix. Preparation of agreements. The preparation of a cooperative agreement will be authorized in each instance by the executive officer in charge of the unit of the Branch in question. In no case will any subordinate member of the organization ol)]igate the Service to undertake cooperation without the specific approval in advance of the executive officer to whom he is responsible. Approval of agreements. Cooperative agreements with individuals, companies or corpora- tions involving the expenditure of not more than $500 annually in the time and expenses of members of the Service, whether from Service funds or from funds to be deposited by the cooperator, will be approved by the executive officer in charge of the unit of the Branch concerned. Agreements with individuals or companies in- volving an annual expenditure of more than $500 and agreements with other bureaus of the Federal Government will be approved by the Forester. Agreements with States and with other departments of the Federal Government will be aj^proved by the Secretary of Agri- culture. Summary of procedure. The procedure in cooperative agreements is as follows: (1) Agreement authorized by executive officer in charge of the unit. (2) Agreement prepared by member of the Service conducting the jn'oject and executed b}^ the cooperator. (3) Agreement approved by executive officer in charge of the unit, if within his authority; otherwise initialed by him and submitted to the Assistant Forester, who will initial the agreement if it meets with his approval and submit it to the Forester. (4) Copies of approved agreement filed: (a) With cooperator; (^>) at the office in charge of the project; (c) at the Washington office in the case of agreements approved by the Forester or Secretary. POLICY. The following discussion of questions of policy are for the guid- ance of members of the Branch of Products in dealing with specific cases : INVESTIGATION OF PATENTED OR PROPRIETAIIY ARTICLES. Undertaken only when of general value. Investigations of patented or proprietary articles, materials or processes will be undertaken only when the data sought are needed by the Service or will be of general public benefit. Such investiga- tions will not be undertaken solely for the information or benefit of INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 21 the individual or company interested. If such studies are under- taken, it is immaterial whether the company or individual is a co- operator in the work. The essential thing- is that the Service obtain the best conditions for a successful investigation. In no case will a charge be made by the Service for such Avork but the individual or company interested may furnish without charge materials or facili- ties for the investigation. PUBLICATION OF DATA AFFECTING COMMERCIAL INTERESTS. The Forest Service will not hesitate to publish the results of scien- tific investigations, when conclusively established, regardless of the effect of such publication, either beneficial or detrimental, upon com mercial interests engaged in exploiting the articles or processes in- vestigated. It is, however, essential that such publications be re- stricted to data which have been scientifically determined beyond possibility of error. This will ordinarily require publishing infor- mation only which has been obtained by the Forest Service itself. Information from other sources should be included in publications affecting existing commercial interests only Avhen its authenticity is as certain as if it had been obtained by the Forest Service in the first instance. Use of proprietary names. The names of patented or proprietary processes and articles may be used in such publications, preceded by a qualifying phrase such as " Preservatives sold as." No statement other than a mere presenta- tion of the facts should be published which could be construed as an endorsement by the Forest Service of any commercial article or process. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. Members of the Forest Service may and should receive confidential information. Assurance may be given that such information will not be used in any way which would make ])ublic the operations of an individual plant or the details of the business of any siDecific opera- tor. No guarantee to this effect, however, can be given other than the good faith and honesty of the officer who receiAes the infoiination. DISPOSAL OF PRINTS AND DESIGNS. Photographic prints, blue prints, sketches and designs may be sold at cost with 10 per cent additional (act of March 4, 1907), with the approval of the Forester; or given without charge to cooperators and in other cases where valuable educational results will be obtained. See Manual on General Administration and Protection, page 57. COMPILATION OF DATA FROM OUTSIDE SOURCES IN LABORATORY PUBLICATIONS. The greater part of the material prepared for publication at the Forest Products Laboratory will be original data experimentally established at the Laboratory itself. Publications of such data, how- ever, should include references to similar or related data obtained elsewhere as far as necessary to make the publication of the maximum value to those interested in the subject with which the publication 22 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. deals. The reference to such outside data may be restricted to a brief summary and biblioojraphy^ or discussed in as much detail as the specific publication requires. Outside data must be used with great caution in publications affecting existing commercial interests and limited only to such as have been established with absolute certainty. Subject to this limitation, it will be the policy of the Laboratory to include such other material in addition to that obtained by its own staff as will make its publications of the gi'eatest value to the readers. The same policy will be followed in the preparation of publications by other units of the Branch. TECHNICAL PROCEDURE. KINDS OF INVESTIGATIONS. Investigations relating to Forest Products will be classed as admin- istrative investigations and technical investigations. Administrative investigations are midertaken primarily to assist the administration of the National Forests. They seek specific information for local ad- ministrative needs. They do not require technical experiments or processes. They consist usually in the study of existing industries or methods and compilation of existing data. Technical investigations, Avhile often undertaken to secure inforaiation needed in the admin- istration of National F'orests, require, as a rule, technical processes or experiments. They aim to develop new scientific principles or facts of broad application, or to assemble data for publication. ADMINISTRATIVE INVESTIGATIONS. Under control of district foresters. Administrative investigations may be undertaken by district for- esters whenever necessary in their judgment and conducted under their instructions in the manner best calculated to accomplish the objects sought. As far as practicable, such investigations should be included in the annual program submitted to the Central Investi- gative Committee, to keep the central committee and the Forester informed of proposed work and afford opportunity for criticism and suggestion. Administrative investigations should be conducted as far as practicable in accordance with the principles defined below which govern technical investigations. They will not, however, be subject to the technical procedure outlined hereafter. They will be listed by the central committee separately from the technical investi- gations. Furthermore, the district foresters will not be restricted by such lists but may initiate additional investigations of this char- acter at any time during the year when need of them exists. Relation to technical investigations. When an investigation is undertaken for administrative purposes but involves technical processes or experiments, it will be classed as a technical investigation. Similarly, when an administrative investi- gation indicates the need of technical experiments, before all the data desired can be obtained, a technical investigative project shoidd be proposed by the district forester. Such projects will be subject to the following technical ])rocedure : INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 23 TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES. ■ In conducting: technical investi£2:ations it is necessary: (1) That the importance of the resuhs sought be carefully weighed in comparison with other work proposed by the various units of the Forest Service, and that the work be correlated as far as practicable with any other investigations in the same or related fields. (2) That the investigator have a clear conce lotion of the purpose and value of the investigation and of the methods to be followed in conducting it, and that the purpose and methods be made matters of record. (3) That the plan for conducting the investigation be perfected aS far as possible before work is begun. (4) That complete information on materials used be secured and recorded. (5) That standard methods and terms be used as far as possible to coordinate the work of the entire Branch. (6) That frequent partial summaries and analyses of results be made so that plans or methods may be modified as found necessary before the work has proceeded too far. (7) That complete final summaries and analyses of results be em- bodied in a written report of permanent record. The following procedure is established to meet these requirements : PROJECTTS. The project is the unit for conducting technical investigations. It may consist of a series of tests or experiments conducted: (1) For experimental research to develop new facts. (2) For verification of experimental results on a commercial scale, (3) For cooperation with outside parties in the application of scientific principles and processes developed by research in order to demonstrate their commercial value. (4) For the collection of statistics and information pertaining to wood-using industries, w^aste, substitutes, etc., of a specialized and intensive character. Projects may be conducted independently or in cooperation with individuals, states, or commercial organizations. Designation of projects. Every project will be assigned a number by the director of the Forest Products Laboratory or the chief of Industrial Investiga- tions. As far as practicable, the project title and number will be as- signed when it is decided to imdertake the specific investigation. When a ]3reliminary investigation is necessary to determine the advisability of the project, a number will not be assigned until the preliminary report has been made and approved. Steps in projects. Projects, as a rule, involve the following steps, certain of which may be eliminated in specific cases: (1) Incorporation in annual investigative program. (2) Preliminary investigation. 24 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. (3) Working plan. (4) Description of materials. (5) Progress reports. (()) Ins])ection reports. (7) Project report, which may or may not be published. Where cooperation with outside parties is involved, a written co- oj^erative agreement will ordinarily be prepared and executed, fol- lowing the preliminary investigation. JNCORPORATION IN ANNUAL INVESTIGATIVE PROGRAM ( FOREST SERVICE ORDER NO. 4l). Heview by offices and committees. Every proposed technical investigation will be submitted to the district investigative committee, if in a district; or to the members of the Service designated by the director of the Forest Products Laboratory or the chief of Industrial Investigations, as the case may be, to pass upon proposed investigations and make up an annual pro- gram for the unit of the Branch in question. The program of tech- nical investigations for each unit, after approval by the executive officer in charge, will be submitted directly to the assistant forester in charge of the Branch. The assistant forester, in consultation with the director of the Forest Products Laboratory and the chief of In- dustrial Investigations, will thereupon make up an investigative pro- gram for the Branch of Products for submission to the Central In- vestigative Committee. After the annual investigative program of the Forest Service has been approved by the central committee and the Forester, the assistant forester will instruct each of the executive officers in the Branch as to the projects assigned to his unit for the ensuing year. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS. Purpose. A preliminary investigation may be made to determine the ad- visability of a ]5roposed project or to secure information upon which to base a working plan. Reports on preliminary investigations are termed " Preliminary reports." Suggestive outlines for such reports are given on pages 30 to 32 of the Appendix. Summary of procedure. The procedure followed in preliminary investigations and reports is as follows: (1) Investigation ordered by the director of the Forest Prod- ucts Laboratory, the chief of Industrial Investigations, or a district forester. (2) Report prepared and signed by the member of the Service making the investigation. (3) Report approved and initialed by the executive officer author- izing the investigation. (4) Two copies of the report submitted to the director of the Forest Products Laboratory if the project is within the province of the Laboratory, or to the chief of Industrial Investigations if the project is within the field of that office. (5) One copy of the report returned by the director or chief with comments and a statement of action required. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 25 WORKING PLANS. Importance. The success of a technical investigation is often determined by the care exercised in phmnino; the details of the work. Work under a project will not be^in until a jilan has been prepared by the member of the Service assigiied to the investigation and approved by the proper officers. If a detailed plan can not be made at the outset, an outline describing the essential features of the investigation will be prepared and approved. Such outlines will be termed " Preliminary plans ". Scope. As far as possible working plans will contain detailed instructions for collecting material and conducting the investigation. The dis- cussion under each topic should be full and accompanied by any sketches or drawings which will assist in making the ideas of the writer clear and specific. Designation. Working plans will be given the title and number of the project under which they are prepared. A\Tien a working plan covers only a part of a proposed project, successive plans will be prepared and designated numerically (as Part 1, Part 2, etc.). W^ien a working plan is revised, the revision will be designated alphabetically, as Working Plan lOOrt. Approval. Unless otherwise specified in the instructions transmitting the an- nual program of investigative work to each unit of the Branch, all working plans for technical investigations will be approved by the director of the Forest Products Laboratory or the chief of Indus- trial Investigations, in accordance with the nature of the investiga- tion. In specific cases, designated in the instructions of the assist- ant forester, working plans wnll be submitted to him for approval. Review by of&cers and committees. Before any working plan is approved, the executive officer will ob- tain the judgment of the members of the Branch or of other branches who are most experienced in the kind of investigation proposed or otherwise best qualified to act, on the completeness of the plan, the choice of methods and materials to be used, the accuracy of the data to be obtained and any other features of the jDlan which affect the value of the entire investigation. At the Forest Products Labora- tory every working plan will be submitted to a committee of experts designated by the director to pass upon all plans wdthin specified fields of investigation. The judgment of any other members of the Branch wherever employed w'ho are qualified for any particular rea- son to pass upon certain features of the work will also be obtained. Working plans for projects under Industrial Investigations w411 be submitted to the Forest Products Laboratory for comment and criticism before they are approved by the chief of office. Working plans prepared at the Laboratory which invoh^e problems in the field of Industrial Investigations will be submitted to the chief of that office for review before they are approved. Plans which have a bearing upon the work of other branches will be referred to them for criticism and suggestions before final approval. It is essential that the judgment of any members of the Service whose opinion 26 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. would be of value in a specific investigation be secured before the working plan is approved by the executive officer. Procedure with modifications. Modifications of approved working plans will follow the same j^ro- cedure as the original plan. Working plan outlines. A suggested outline for use in the preparation of working plans is given on pages 32 and 33 of the Appendix. Summary of procedure. The procedure followed in working plans is summarized as fol- lows: (1) Prepared and signed by a member of the Service assigned to conduct the project. (2) Initialed by district forester or other executive officer super- vising the work. (3) Reviewed by committtee of experts on work of the general character involved or related lines of work and by others whose judg- ment on the plan should be obtained. (4) Reviewed by executive officers of other units of the Branch or of other branches. (5) Approved by the director of the Forest Products Laboratory or chief of Industrial Investigations, in the case of plans within the respective provinces of each, or by the assistant forester in charge of the Branch when so directed. (6) Filed at: (a) Office of final approval (Fore.st Products Labo- ratory or Industrial Investigations) ; (h) offices executing the work. DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL. Material received for experimental purposes will be classified as " shipments " or '* samples." Shipment. A shipment consists of a quantity of material handled as a unit before reaching a station, such as consiginnents of creosote, timbers for testing, material for pulpwood experiments and bulky chemicals. A shipment may be received in one or more installments, but differ- ent installments must have the same general history and characteristic properties. Each shipment will be given a symbol consisting of a letter indicating the receiving station and a serial number. For example, the first shipment received at the Forest Products Labora- tory is designated " Shipment L-1 " ; the second shipment, " Ship- ment L-2 ", etc. Shipment descriptions. Shipments will be described in accordance with the instructions on pages 32 to 35 of the Appendix. The procedure in shipment descrip- tions is as follows : (1) Prepared and signed jointly by persons collecting and receiv- ing the material. (2) Filed at: (a) Laboratory or Office of Industrial Investiga- tions, as the case may be; (h) office or station supervising the work. Sample. Samples are relatively small quantities of material for chemical analysis or other technical examination. A sample may consist of a INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 27 representative part of a shipment, of a product of experimental work, or other material which requires examination. Samples will be collected in accordance with standard instructions, described by the transmitting officer, and designated at the receiving station. A sample designation consists of a letter indicating the c-Tass in which it belongs and a serial number. Instructions for collecting and de- scribing samples are given on pages 35 and 36 of the Appendix. PROGRESS REPORTS. Nature. From time to time as work on a project progresses, reports on the results secured will be prepared. These are " progress reports ", bearing the title and number of the project. The procedure to be followed in such reports is as follows: Summary of procedure. (1) Prepared when called for by the executive officer in charge of the work. (2) Approved by the executive officer in charge. (3) Copies sent to offices which should be informed of its develop- ment. (4) Filed at: (a) Office supervising the work ; (h) Forest Products Laboratory or Office of Industrial Investigations, as the case may be. (5) Summary of information sent to cooperators, if a cooperative project. INSPECTION REPORTS ON DURABILITY TESTS. Purpose. In projects where material is placed in actual service to test its efficiency, inspections are required from time to time. Jieports on such inspections will be designated '' Inspection reports " (1, 2, etc.), bear- ing the title and number of the project. Outlines for such reports Avill be furnished l)y the director of the Forest Products Laboratory on request from the executive office in charge of any unit of the Branch. Summary of procedure. The procedure followed in inspection reports is as follows: (1) Prepared and signed by person making the inspection. • (2) Initialed by executive officer in charge of the work. (3) Approved by the director of the Laboratory. (4) Filed at: (a) Executive office in immediate charge of the work; (h) the Forest Products Laboratory; {c) other offices which should be kept informed of the progress of the test. (5) Copies sent to cooperators, if a cooperative project. PROJECT REPORTS. Nature. A project report is prepared at the completion of each technical investigation. It should contain any photographs, drawings, dia- grams, tables, etc.. required to present the results in the most satis- factory way, together with a full discussion of the w^ork from the be- ginning of the project to its completion. If all data obtained are not included in the report, it should contain a complete list of the data records secured. 28 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. Summary of procedure. The followinor procedure will be followed in project reports: (1) Prepared and signed by the member of the Service conducting the project. (2) Initialed by executive officer in immediate charge of the work. {?)) Approved by tlie director of tlie Laboratory or chief of In- dustrial Investigations, and other Avork which should be done in the nature of further investigation, commercial demonstration, etc., indi- cated. (4) Filed at: (a) Executive office in immediate charge of the work; (b) Forest Products Laboratory or Office of Industrial Inves- tigations in projects within the respective provinces of each, includ- ing original drawings, tables and other data; (c) other offices or branches interested in the project; (d) Forest Service libraiy. (5) Revised coj)y sent to cooi^erators, if a cooperative project. GENERAL INSPECTIONS. Inspections of plans, commercial processes, etc., will be made when authorized by an executive officer. The procedure in such inspections is as follows: BY MEMBERS OF FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY. (1) Inspections will be made when authorized by the director. (2) Reports will be prepared in accordance with suggestive out- lines approved by the director, (3) Reports will be filed at : (a) The Forest Products Laboratory; (h) the Office of Industrial Investigations; (c) the district and Chi- cago offices if of value in their work. BY MEMBERS OF OFFICE OF INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATIONS. (1) Inspections will ho made when authorized by the chief of office. (2) Reports will be prepared in accordance with outlines approved by the chief of Industrial Investigations, signed by the person mak- ing the inspection and approved by the chief of the office. (?>) Reports will be filed at: (a) The Office of Industrial Investi- gations; (h) the Forest Products Laboratory; (wer, light, heat, water supply, ventila- tion, fire protection, etc.. may also be desired.) J 32 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. All processes of handling, treating, or working wood should be described in detail Begin with the material as received and describe successively the dif- ferent stages of manufacture or treatment. The description should be divided according to the following or some other convenient form, the cost of each step being discussed : 1. Preliminary handling and treatment. 2. Conversion process. 3. Finishing process. 8. Products and by-products. 1. Kinds. 2. Amounts. 3. Inspection and grading. 4. Selling prices. 5. Uses. 9. Waste products. 1. Kinds. 2. Amounts. 3. Attempted and possible uses. 10. Remarks and recommendations. 11. Estimates. WORKING PLANS. Form of title-page. UNiTBi) States Department of AcRicuLTtrEE, Forest Service. Forest Products Laboratory. District OB Oefice of Industrial Investigations. Project No. (Title of project.) WoBKiNG Plan No. (Signed) (Title.) (Date.) Approved : (Title.) (Date.) Note. — If the project is conducted at a permanent station, put the name of the station on the title-page. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 33 Outline of plan. Troject No Title: Working Plan No. (1) Purpose of work. (This paragraph should state clearly and fully just what the work is expected to accomplish.) (2) Detailed list of materials needeec-ified in the working plan. The collec-tor will classify the material collected into shipments, pieces, sticks, etc., in accordance with the directions contained in the working plan, and use these designations in the preparation of his notes. Unless the collector is ab- solutely sure of the identity of the specimens he should not make collections. 34 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. Form for field notes. Sample form (i. United States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Project No. Shipment Shipment (Icscviptions — Field notes. Tree number ; Species Locality cut: State ; County ; Township ; Date cut ; Slope ; Absolute elevation ; Aspect ; Uuclevgrowth ; Soil ; Height ; Seeding or sprout ; Crown ; D. B. H ; Age ; Stem ; Date sawed ; How and when transiwrted from woods List of specimens saivcd. Log. No. Remarks : No. 2. Notes on Manufacturing and Shipping. The notes on manufacture and shipment called for in sample form J), which is appended, will also be made by the collector of the material. As soon as the material is shipped, the collector will forward by registered mail duplicate copies of his notes entered on sample forms a and b to the man In charge of the station to which the material is shipped. Forai for notes on manufacturing and shipping. Sample form b. United States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Project No. Shii>inent shipment description. Notes on, manvfactunng and shipping. Bill of material composing shipment Cut in: State ; County ; Township ; Manufac- tured at ; Date ; Shipped via ; (Date.) (Routing.) In ; Origin and history ( Kind and number of car. ) Condition when shipped. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 35 No. 3. Notes on condition and disposition of material when received at destination. These notes will be entered I).y the mnn hi charge of the station on sample form c. lie will then transmit to the executive officer in charge a coi)y of these notes, as well as a copy of the notes transmitted to him by the collector of the material. Sample form c is as follows: rorni for notes at receiving station. Sample form c. United States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Project No. Shipment SHIPMENT description. Notes on coinlifion and (lispo.sitioii of ))iatcri(il when received at destination. Received at Date (Name of Station.) Condition when received _ How stored Records : Corresiwndence Photograiths Care in descriptions essential. The interpi'etation of exi)erimental data very often depends upon an accurate knowledge of the material used in the experiments, and no effort should be spared in making shipment descriptions as accurate and complete as possible. DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES. Specimens for Laboratory collection. The Forest Products I^aboratory is building up a collection of authentic specimens of (1) crude or raw materials. (2) intermediate products forming a series which illustrate processes of manufacture, and (3) final products as put on the market. Specimens are particularly desired of: (1) Woods which have been identirted botanically. Wlienever possible, these specimens should be taken from average merchantable trees and should include both pith and bark in one piece. A section 1 foot or more in length is desir- able, but smaller pieces are acceptable. (2) Samples of wood which have been subjected to different processes. It is desirable to have a description of the processes to which the wood has been subjected, as well as samples of the material used in its treatment. (3) Samples of materials used in treating wood. (4) Wood distillation i)roducts. (5) Pulp, paper, and other fiber products. In classes 3, 4. and 5 a description of the process used in manufacturing the products should in all cases accompany the samples. (G) Samples of fungous growth causing decay. A veiy complete description should accompany such specimens, as otherwise they are of little value. (7) Any rare, uncommon, or especially interesting samples of growth or changed physical structure of wood. Description of Laboratory specimens. The <'ollector of any sample will fully describe it on sample form d. which is appended, and transmit the description with the sami»le to the director of the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis. The shipping tag on the sample will in all cases bear the name of the sender and the i)oint and date of shipment. On receipt at tlie Laboratory the sample will be given a number, entered on the sample form d transmitted by the collector. Reports on samples submitted for examination will bear the sample number and be filed with the sample de- scription. All samples or specimens put into the permanent collection will bear the sample number. 36 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. Forms for describing samples. Sample form d. United States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Project No. Sample No. sample description. Class Name of material History of sample : Growth conditions ((Jive features in detail.^) Manufacturing conditions (Including short description of process. i) How obtained (In detail. If a portion of a shipment give the shipment number.) By whom seut- Date sent How shipped Remarks . (Name and address. Conditions at Laboratory : Date of arrival Station. Condition in which received Marks and labels (Date on the package. How stored Tested under I'roject No.. Why sent Work to be done Disposal of unused portions- Records : Correspondence . (With dates.) Photosraphs Reports submitted (To whom, date, title, number of copies required.) File- 1 In case space is not sufficient, use sample form a or sample form 6 of Shipment De- scription. FORM OF COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT. Project No. Title Unitfj) States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Cooperative agreement for investigations in forest products. Between , of , (Name or cooperator.) (Oity and State.) party of the first jjart. and the Forester, Forest Service, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, party of the second part. INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 37 Whereas the parties hereto desire to cooperate in couducting investigations (State purpose aud character of the Investigations.) Now, Therefore, This Agreement Witnesseth : First. The party of the first part, for and in consideration of the promises aud agreements of the pisrty of tlie second part, as hereinafter contained, does liereby promise and agree as follows: (1) To pay to the Chief, Office of Accounts, Forest Service, Washington, D. C to be placed to the credit of the United States, the sum of xw dollars ($ ) (Terms of payment, by specified dates, per month, year, etc. When periodic payments are to be made, add " during the period that this agreement and all renewals thereof re- main in force." When an additional cash deposit is required to insure the carrying out of the agreement, add " -tot (•? • of which amount will be refunded by the Forester upon the satisfactory completion of my (or our) obligation.'? assumed here- under.") (2) To furnish without charge to the Forest Service the following timber, materials, apparatus, aud labor, to be used in conducting said investigations : (3) To report, when requested by the Forest Service, ui)on the api)lication of the results attained in said inve,stigations. (4) To permit or require no laborer or mechanic employed on any work contemplated by this agreement to work more than eight hours in any one calendar day upt)n such work; if any laborer or mechanic is required or per- mittetl to work more than eight hours as aforesaid, then to pay to the United States a penalty of five dollars ($5.00) for each laborer or mechanic for every calendar day in wliich such laborer or mechanic is required or permitted to labor more than eight hours upon the work contemplated by this agreement, ac- cording to the provisions of the Act of Congress approved June 19, 1912. (Insert any additional obligations assumed by the cooperator.) (5) Thai all moneys paid under this agreement will, upon failure on his (or their) part to fulfill all and singular the conditions and requirements herein set forth or made a part hereof, be retained by the United States, to be applied as far as may be to the satisfaction of his (or their) obligations assumed hereunder. To deliver herewith, as a guarantee of faithful performance of the promises and agreements contained herein, a bond in the sum of yists dollars ($-—). Second. The party of the second part, for aud in consideration of the prom- ises and agreements of the party of the first part, well and faithfully executed, does hereby promise and agree as follows : (1) To ( Insert brief description of tests to be made or other obligations assumed by Forest Service. ) (2) To report to the party of the first part (Monthly, bimonthly, etc.) the progress of the investigations conducted hereunder, and at the termination of said investigations to make a final and complete report on the results ob- tained, together with I'econuueiidations. (3) To pay any expense incurred by the party of the second part in conduct- ing said investigations from the cooperative fund deposited with the United States for investigations in forest products. (Or "from the appropriation by Congress for 'General expenses, Forest Service,' 191 — , Forest Products.") 38 THE NATIONAL FOKEST MANUAL. Third. II is mutually luiderstood and agreed by and between the parties hereto as follows : (1) That this agreement shall take effect on the day it is executed by the party of the second part and shall expire on the thirtieth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and , but the same shall be subject to renewal thereafter from year to year, by mutual consent of the parties hereto, which renewal must be expressed in writing by said parties at least 15 days prior to the date of expiration. (2) That the party of the second i>art shall have unrestricted right to pub- lish and vlistribnte the results obtained from said investigations in advance of their publication by the party of the tirst part. (3) That all (Apparatus, implonipnts, materials, etc.) furnished by the party of the first pai't and not consumed will remain the property of said party when said investiga- tions are terminated. All machines, implements, and materials furnished by the Forest Service, and all specimens, samples, models, plans, drawings, nega- tives, and notes or manuscriiits which have resulted from the investigations conducted hereunder and which may be desired by the party of the second part for record or publication will be retained by said party of the second part. (4) That this agreement may be terminated at any time by either party hereto by giving written notice to the (Specify number of da.vs or months.) other of such intention. (5) That the decision of the Secretary of Agriculture will be final in the interpretation of the conditions and requirements of this agreement. (C)) That this agreement shall not be assigned in whole or in part; that no Member of or Delegate to Congress or Kesident Conunissioner. after his elec- tion or appointment and either before or after he has rpialitied and during his continuance in office, and no officer, agent, or employee of the Government shall be admitted to any share or part of this contract or agreement, or to any benefit to arise thereupon, and that no convict labor shall be employed in carrying out the terms of this agreement, in accordance with Executive order signed May 18, 1905. Nothing, howevei", herein contained shall be construed to extend to any incorporated company where such contract or agreement is made for the general benefit of such incorjioration or company. (Sec. 3741, Revised Statutes, and sees. 114-316, act of Mar. 4, 1909.) In Witness Whereof the said party of the first part has hereunto signed his name on this the day of , 19 , and the said party of the second part has hereunto set his hand on the date below written. Witnesses : (Name.) (Title.) Party of the first part. Signed bv the party of the second part this day of 19 Forester, Party of the second part. In agreements approved by District Forester substitute " District Forester, District No. ," for "Forester" in first clause and thereafter "District Forester." Similarly in agreements approved by the Director of the Labora- tory use " Director, Forest Products Laboratory " and " Director." INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 39 In agreements approved by the Secretary, nse " Secretary United States De- partment of Agriculture" in the first clause and thereafter " Secretary." Explanation of Agreement Form. The foregoing form can be used in all kinds of cooperative agreements by omitting clauses or phraseology inapi)licable and inserting, in the blanks indi- cated, special clauses required for a particular project. Deposits. All deposits under cooperative agreements will lie made with the Chief, Ofhce of Accounts. Washington. D. C. Allotments to the unit of the Branch conducting the work will be made in the regular manner, on green slips initiated by such unit and approved by the Assistant Forester in Charge of the Branch. Guarantee on part of cooperator. A special guaranty that the cooperator will fulfill the obligations assumed by him may be required in the form of: (1) An additional cash deposit, to be refunded on the satisfactory comple- tion of the agreement ; or (2) A bond. In the first instance, a provision for refunding such deposit will be inserted in Clause (1). Part One. and the first part of Clause (5). Part One. will be used. In the second instance, the second part of Clause (5), Part One, will be used. Bonds should be prepared on Form 377. Such guaranties will be required only in exceptional eases when necessary to protect the Forest Service from serious loss due to failure on the part of the cooperator to fulfill the obligations assumed under the agreement. Termination. All agreements terminate automatically at the end of the current fiscal year, but may be renewed, year by year, by mutual consent. (Clause (1), Part Three). Termination at other times may be provideil for. if desirable in any specific case, by the use of Clause (4), Part Three. The use of this clause and the ])eriod of advance notice required will be optional with the executive officer in charge of the project. The Forest Service will, however, resort to termina- tion under this clause only in exceptional cases where the spirit or terms of the agreement have been seriously violated by the cooperator. STATION REPORTS. Men in charge of stations will be responsible for the preparation of Station Reports. A record of materials on hand at the end of each month and of experimental materials used or treated during the month will be entered on the form "Material Received and Tested," and transmitted as a part of the Station Report. A statement of all expenses incurred at the station will be entered on the form, " Financial Reiwrt." The body of the report will discuss the work done, treating each project separately. The information contained in station reports will furnish the basis for reports to cooperators in investigations conducted at the station. Reports to cooperators will be seat direct by the executive officer in charge of the unit conducting the project. Station Report Forms. Monthly Report. Namo of Station. 1 Progress of work during month. (Under this head each project should be discussed separately. Projects should be described by number and title.) 2. Material received and tested during month. 40 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. 4. Financial statement. (If the expenditures cover more than one project, apportionment will be made and ehar^efl in the report to the proper project. For exami)le, if A received a salary of $11)0 per month and worked for half a month on Project No. 10 and the other half of the month on Project No. 30. $50 will be charged to I'roject No. 10 and a similar amount to Project No. 30. The same method of apportioning the expenses will hold for other items. Under the column headed " Remarks " will be given such statements as labor emplo.ved and charged on Form A or Form 4 or particular apparatus purchased or express and freight bills paid.) General remarks and recommendations. (This section should be devoted to a discussion of tlie effectiveness of working plans and recommended changes in them. Other matters of general interest should also be mentioned.) Material Received and Tested. Station. Date, to Material on hand. Material tested or treated. Kind of material. Shipment number. Amount.' Condition. ■ Kind of material. Shipment number. Amoimt.i Remarlis. (Signed) In Charge of Station. 1 May be in gallons, pounds, "pieces," "sticks," etc. State specifleally. Financial Report. Station, Date, to Name. Project No. Expenditures. Balance, L. A. Remarks. Form A. Form 4. T. R. Salary. Total. Approved : In Charge of Station. INDEX. Page. Addresses, approval of. before delivery 29 Administrative assistants, P"'orest Products Laboratory 6 control 14 action by assistant forester 14 Branch units 14 head of Branch 5 investigations 22 in district offices 11 relation to technical investigations 22 under control of district forester 22 Advice exchanged by Laboratory and district offices 12 Advisory board. Forest Products Laboratory 7 Agreements. Sec Cooi)erative agreements. Allotments, action to be taken by assistant forester 14 Annual investigative itrogram, incorporation of technical investigations iu_ 24 Annual reports. Sec Reports. Appendix 30 Articles, patented or proprietary, investigation of 20 Assignments for preparation of publications 29 of Laboratory staff to district offices 11 Board, advisory. Forest Pi'oducts Laboratory 7 Branch units, administrative action by 14 Commercial interests, publication of results affecting 21 plants, cooperation in construction of 19 inspection of 19 Committees, Forest Protlucts Laboratory 6 Compilation of data obtained from outside sources 21 Conferences between chief of Industrial Investigations and district offices. 12 Conferences between director of Laboratory and district offices 12 Confidential information 21 Cooperation 18 policy 18 check of experimental results on commercial scale necessary- 18 furnishing material 19 in construction of commercial plants 19 inspection of plants or processes 19 repeated cooperation covering same ground 18 salary and expenses of forest officers 19 procedure 19 agreements 1*-) approval 20 authorization 20 summary 20 when in writing 19 Cooperative agreements, approval 20 deposits 39 form 36 explanation of 39 guarantee by cooiierator 39 preparation to be authorized 20 summary of procedure 20 termination 39 when acted upon by assistant forestei* 14 when in writing 19 41 42 INDEX. Page. Correlation between different units of Branch 10 Correspondence 15 general 35 carbons for other units 15 outside of districts 15 within districts 15 how filed 38 Industrial Investigations 15 Laboratory 15 I'equests for information 15 procedure 15 where referred 15 station 16 copies of Service correspondence 16 with outside parties 16 Costs of details, apiwrtiounient of 13 testing materials, apportionment of 13 Deposits under cooperative agreements 39 Description of material received for experiments 26 samples 35 shipments 26,33 Designs and prints, disi>osal of 21 Details, action to be taken by assistant forester 14 from Laboratory or Industrial Investigations to districts, costs of_ 13 Direction of technical work. Forest Products Laboratory 6 District ofhces, administrative investigations by 22 and Laboratory 11 administrative investigations 11 conferences 12 current information and advice 12 special assignments of Laboratory staff 11 technical investigations 11 tests of field material 11 and. Industrial Investigations 12 conferences 12 tests of material 12 working plans 12 annual reports 17 costs of details from Laboratory or Industrial Investiga- tions 13 insptM^'tions by members of 28 monthly rei>orts 16 National Forest utilization investigations 7 Products experts in 7 Divisions of Rr;inch 5 Durability tests, inspection reports on 27 procedure 27 purpose 27 Eastern Forests, duties of Office of Industrial Investigations on 10 "Executive officer" defined 10 Field notes 33 form for 34 Field of Branch work 5 Laboratory work 7 Industrial Investigations work 10 National Forest utilization work 8 Files 17 filing schemes 18 general classification 17 correspondence 18 information 17 project records 17 test records 17 matters of general I'outine 18 Financial report, station 40 Forest Products Laboratory. IScc Laboratory. INDEX. 43 Page. Forest supervisors, duties of 9 Form, cooperative agreement 36 for describiug samples 36 field notes 34 notes at receiving station 35 on manufacturing and shipping 34 station financial report 40 monthly report 39 report on material received and tested 40 title-page of preliminary report 30 working plan 32 Guarantee on part of cooperator 39 Improvements, National Forest, preservative treatment of material used in 9 Industrial Investigations (Office of) 9 and Laboratory 13 information 13 special tests 13 working plans 13 correspondence 15 costs of details to district offices 13 duties on eastern E^orests 30 field of work 10 in district offices 12 inspections by members of 28 monthly reports 17 organization , 9 pur])ose , 9 Information, classified, to be filed 17 confidential 21 exchanged by Laboratory and district offices 12 furnished Laboratory by Industrial Investigations 13 Inspections, general 28 by members of district offices 28 Industrial Investigations 28 Laboratory 28 Investigations, administrative, in district offices 11, 22 Forest I'roducts Laboratory 7 general, outline of preliminary report 31 industrial 9 in district offices 12 kinds 22 National Forest utilization 7 of patented or proprietary articles, 20 of plants or processes, outline for 31 technical 23 in district offices 11 Laboratory 6 administrative assistants 6 advisory board 7 annual rejiorts ^ 17 committees 6 compilation and publication of data from outside sources 21 correspondence 15 costs of details to district offices 13 current information and advice to district offices 12 direction of technical work 6 district offices and 11 field of work 7 Industrial Investigations and 13 inspections by members of 28 monthly reports 16 organization 6 purpose 6 sections 6 staff, assignment of members to district offices 11 44 INDEX. Page. M;iniif;iotnrers, tests by, of material from district foresters 12 Manufacturing, notes on 34 Manuscripts and addresses, approval of 29 of publications, action on, by assistant forester 14 "Mark," shipment description, defined 33 Material, notes on, at receiving station 35 patented or proprietary, investigation of 20 received and tested, station report of 40 description of 26 sent Laboratory by districts for testing 11 Industrial Investigations for tests by manufacturers 12 to be furnished by cooperator when practicable 19 Monthly reports. See Reports. National Forest utilization, ^cc Utilization. Notes, field 34 on manufacturing and shipping 34 on material at receiving station 35 Office of Industrial Investigations 9 and district offices 12 OfBcer. Sec Executive officer. Organization 5 administrati\e head 5 divisions 5 Poorest Products Laboratory 6 National I^'orest Utilization 8 Office of Industrial Investigations 9 Outline for preliminary report 31 working plan 33 Patented articles, materials, or processes, investigation of 20 Personnel, action to be taken by assistant forester 14 "Piece," shipment description, defined __ 33 Plans. Sec also Working plans. of work, actions to be taken by assistant forester 14 Plants or processes, outline for investigation of 31 Policy, action on questions of. by assistant forester 14 compilation of data from outside sources in Laboratory publica- tions 21 confidential information 21 disposal of prints and designs 21 in cooperation 18 investigation of patented or proprietary articles 20 publication of data affecting commercial interests 21 Preliminary reports, classified 30 for general investigations 31 for investigations of plants or processes 31 form of title-page 30 technical investigations, 24 procedure 24 purpose 24 Preservative treatment of National Forest improvement material 9 Principles governing technical investigations 23 Prints and designs, disposal of 21 Procedure. See also Routine procedure, and technical procedui'e. in cooperation 19 handling correspondence 15 inspection reports on durability tests 27 modifying approved working plans 26 preliminary investigations 24 progress reports 27 pro.iect reports 28 working plans 26 Processes, commercial, inspection of 19 investigation of patented or proprietary 20 outline for investigation of 31 Products Laboratory. See Laboratory. INDEX. 45 Page. Progress reports, 27 nature 27 procerlnre 27 Project records to be filed 17 reports, 27 nature 27 procedure . 28 Projects, defined 28 designation of 23 steps in 23 Proprietary articles, materials, or processes, investigation of 20 names, use of 21 Publication, approval of manuscripts and addresses before 29 of data affecting commercial interests 21 obtained from outside sources 21 Publications, action on manuscripts of, by assistant forester 14 assignments for [H'eparation of 29 Purpose and organization of the Branch 5 P^'orest Products Laboi-atory 6 National Forest utilization investigations 7 Industrial Investigations 9 Records. *S'ec Files. Remuneration by cooperator of costs to Service 19 Reports, action on. by assistant forester 14 annual 17 district offices 1 17 Laboratory 17 financial, station 40 inspection, on durability tests 27 monthly 16 district offices 16 Industrial Investigations 17 Laboratory 16 station 16. 39 preliminary 30 progress 27 project 27 Review of Industrial Investigations and Laboratory working plans 13 proposed technical investigations 24 working plans by officers and committees 25 Routine procedure, administrative control 14 action by assistant forester 14 Branch units 14 annual reports 17 district offices 17 Laboratory 17 correspondence 15 general 15 Industrial Investigations 15 Laboratory 15 requests for information 15 station 16 files 17 filing schemes 18 general classification 17 matters of general routine 18 monthly reports 16 district offices 16 Industrial Investigations 17 Lab(n-atory 16 station 16 Samples, defined 26 description of 35 for Laboratory collection 35 fonu for 36 Scientific work of Branch, direction of . 6 46 INDEX. Page. Scope of Branch work 5 Industrial Investigations work 10 Laboratory work 7 National Forest utilization work 8 working jilans for technical investigations 25 Sections, Laboratory 6 ►Shipment, detinereliniinary report 30 working plan 32 Utilization, National Forest 7 aim of investigations 8 duties of supervisors 9 tield of work 8 how investigated 7 organization 8 preservative treatment of materials usetl in improvements 9 purpose 7 INDEX. 47 Page. Work of Braneli. actions on plans of. by assistant forester 14 preference to National Forest ])rol)lenis 5 scope of ^ 5 Laboratory 7 Working plans, approval 25 desi.unatiou 25 for Industrial Investigations, reviewed by Laboratory 13 for statistical and industrial studies in district offices 12 for technical investigations in districts 11 form of title-page 32 imiK)rtance 25 outline 33 procedure 26 with modifications 26 review by officers and committees 25 scope 25 o LIBRARY OF CONGRESS