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 Book_ 
 
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 The Library of Congress 
 
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 THE 
 
 BAPTISMAL REGISTER 
 
 OF 
 
 f'ohT' duoue^^ne^, 
 
 (From June, 1754, to Dec, 1756.) 
 
 TRANSLATED, 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 INTEODUCTOET ESSAY AND lOTES, 
 
 By Re^y. a. a. L/AMBInQ, A. M., 
 
 AuTuou OP "A HiSTonv op tiie Catholic Ciicncii in the Dioc-ksbs op Pittsbuko and 
 
 Alleoiikny," etc., etc.; Phesident of the Ohio Valley Catholic Historical 
 
 Society, and member op several Historical Societies. 
 
 -S)i9<oria i.)uoc)iio tnoilo scripfa îlcfccfcif. 
 
 PITTSBURG, PA.: 
 
 PRINTED BV MVERS, SHINKLF. 4 CO., CORNER WOOD STREET AND VIRGIN ALLEY. 
 
 1885. 
 
6"R3 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by A. A. Lambikg, in the office of the 
 LibrarianofCongresp, at Washington, D. 0. 
 
PRBFACB. 
 
 J^^^HE nccounts of the labor?, sacrifiées and maityrdoms of tlio 
 ^<Vâ early missionaries of this country nin«t ever form one of tlie 
 vSafSo most interesting ])ages of our history. Not religion only, but 
 the sciences — geography, geology, medicine, philology, ethnology — 
 must recognize them among lier most faithful, though not, periiaps, her 
 most speculative advocates. History especially finds them her truest 
 witnesses. Penetrating ever more and more deeply into the virgin 
 wilds, their mission lirought theni into contact with the aborigines 
 in a manner which led them to study these children of the forest in 
 a liglit the most favorable for learning the past of their liistory or 
 mythology, the present of their manners and customs, religious, 
 political, military and social, and their ideas of a future existence 
 when their career in this land of exile vva.s terminate<l. Xothing 
 could exceed the zeal and intrepidity of these early missionaries ; and 
 though prejudiced, and in some cases ignorant historians, have without 
 reason labored to impute motives to them unworthy of thtir iiigh 
 calling, the whole tenor of their lives stands, and will ever stand, as 
 the best refutation of the groundless caluniiiv. Contrasting them 
 with the '' Apostle of the Indians," Mr. Bancroft, who will hardly 
 be suspected of partiality for the sons of Ignatius of Loyola, or 
 Francis of Assissium, w;ls forced by the weight of truth to pay them 
 tills tribute: " The religious zeal of the French bore the cross to the 
 banks of the St. Mary and the confines of Lake Superior, and looked 
 wistfully towards the homes of the Sioux in the valley of the Mis- 
 sissippi, five years before the Now England Eliot had addressed tiie 
 tribe of Indians that dwelt within six miles of Boston harbor."* 
 
 ïiie following pages will form another slight tribute to the zeal 
 and fidelity of these illustrious pioneei-s of Christian truth and civil- 
 ization. 
 
 *Hi»tory of the United Stata, (centenary edition,) vol. II., p. 308. 
 
 ?' 
 
4 ^h'efcLce. 
 
 The history of the discovery and publication of the following 
 Register is tlius briefly told me by Mr. John Gilmary Shea, LL. D., 
 in a letter dated October 1, 1882. " I was the first one to call at- 
 tention to the fact that there were in Canada registers kept at French 
 posts in this country ; and when Mr. de Courcy was writing the 
 sketches, we got, through Hon. Jacques Niger, lists of the mission- 
 aries at Fort Duquesne, Ticonderoga, and other jjoints. In writing 
 up the diocese of Pittsburg we used this material. After a time 
 Bishop O'Connor wrote to me to ask nie to have the Fort Duquesne 
 Register copied in Canada. I accordingly did so. After another 
 interval in the course of our correspondence he mentioned the interest 
 it had excited, and the desire of many to copy it. I then offered to 
 print it in my Cramoisy series of tracts, limited to one iuuidred 
 copies, and to give him thirty out of the one hundred. He agreed 
 to my proposal." Mr. Shea then remarks tiiut a gentleman " had 
 the assurance, in a note to Potter's American Monthly, to say that his 
 father had paid for the printing. He got a copy from me gratis, and 
 never paid a single cent of the cost of ])rinting. . . . He had 
 nothing at all to do with it." But this person was not the only one 
 to fall into error in regard to the unearthing of this little volume. 
 When I was writing the newspaper sketches from which my History 
 of the Catholic Church in the Dioceses of Fitlsburg and Allegheny 
 took its origin, I stated that the Register had been printed at the 
 expense of Bisliop O'Connor ; and I did so on what I regarded as 
 the best authority I could have at the time. 
 
 A translation of the Register, now before me, appeared in tiie 
 Pittsburg Daily Gazette, in July, 1858, presumably from the pen of 
 Mr. Neville B. Craig, but it is not entirely free. from error, as we 
 shall see further on. 
 
 In the following pages the original of Mr. Shea's publication is 
 given, with permission, as it was printed by him from the copy 
 obtained in the archives of Montreal ; no change has been made in 
 any particular and the capitals and punctuation are presumably those 
 made by the good missionaries who, more than a century and a quar- 
 ter ago, used the virgin foi'ests here as God's first temple. In the 
 translation I have been rather literal than free ; studying as much as 
 possible to preserve the style of the original. The notes, by which I 
 
Qrh^eface. 5 
 
 have endeavored to illnstrate fhc text for the benefit of those who 
 may not be able to do no for thein.selves, must stand on their own 
 merits, and tliey are appended for wliat they are worth ; but it is 
 hoi)ed tliey will tend to throw bglit upnii some points that may nut 
 be clear to the mind of the general reader. 
 
 To enable the reader the better to understand the circumstances 
 from which the Ref/ider took its origin, an Introductory Essay accom- 
 panies the translation, in which tiie occu|)ation of Western Pennsyl- 
 vania by the French, and their final expulsion, will i)e found 
 sufficiently explained. 
 
 In conclusion, I cannot but feel that this little work, illustrating, 
 as it does, not only our early religious, but also our secular history, 
 will be acceptable to the people of this part of our State, and will be 
 regiirded by Americiuis of every part of the country as a valuable 
 addition to historical libraries. 
 
 FiTTSBURC), Pa., February, 1885. 
 
a Barracks, already built, h, Comiunndant'B House, not built, 
 Magazines. e. Casemate, complete. / Store House for Flour, &c. 
 pumps, h. Fort Duquesne. 
 n, Sally Port. 
 
 c, Store House, d, r/, Powder 
 
 g. Wells, in two of wliicli are 
 
 Horn Work to cover French Barracks, ft, First Fort Pitt, destroyed. 
 
JnTI\ODUCTORY pSSAY. 
 
 ©ne Rrench in TOe-zlern Pennsylvania. 
 
 S^^^HE sj)irit wliicli animated the early Freiicli eini<^rant.s to this 
 ^>\S coimtry, was one of zeal, exploration and tratKe, ratlier than of 
 '•isii/Mi colonization. Whether they were missionaries, spurred ou by 
 the love of souls, or explorers, incited by ambition, or traders, urged 
 on by cuj)idity, they were ever penetrating more and more deeply into 
 the western wilds. It is to this restless spirit that we are to attribute, 
 in a great measure, their limited success in colonizing the country, 
 and their consequent failure in obtaining a firm footing ; for it is a 
 well known fact that, while they opened up the country to othere, 
 tliey did not succeed in laying the foundation of a permanent pcsses- 
 sion of it for themselves ; and when it was finally wrested from them 
 by the English, the number of settlers was ver^^ small for a nation 
 that had held possession for more than a century and a half.' 
 
 In their i.'arly incursions into the far west, they were obliged, 
 owing to the jireseuce of the dreaded Iroquois," who dwelt south of 
 
 'Tlie i>oj)ulati<)n of New France in 1754 was 55,000. With Louisiana and 
 Acailia it might be a little more tlian 80,000. The English colonics numbered at 
 the same time about 1,100,000 white inhabitants. — Montcalm & Wolf, Parkman, vol. 
 I. p. 20. 
 
 ^" Among all the barbarous nations of the continent," savs Mr. P;irknian, 
 " the Iro(|uois of New York stand paramount. Elements which among other tribes 
 were crude, confused and enibryotic, were among them s_vstemati/.etl and concreted 
 into an established polity. The Iroquois was the Indian of Indians. A thorough 
 savage, yet a finished and developed savage, he is jjerhaps an example of the liighc.-t 
 elevation which man can reach without emerging from his primitive condition of 
 the hunter. — The Jcnuits in Noilh America, p. XLVII. "The name /iw/uo/s ispurelv 
 French, and is forme<l from the term Hiia or Hem, which means / liaie said, — with 
 which these Indians cliisc all their addresses, as the Latins did of old with their 
 ilixi, — and of Koue, which is a cry sometimes of sadness, when it is proloiigcci, and 
 sometimes of joy, when it is pronounced shorter. Their i)roper name is Agonnonsi- 
 onni, which means wiftin-oKifcrs, because they build ihem much more solid than other 
 Indians." — Charlevoi.x, History of New France, Mr. J. G. Shea's translation, vol. II. 
 
8 TKe JTi^encJx in 
 
 Lake Ontario,' to make a circuitous route. At first they were ac- 
 customed to ascend the St. Lawrence^ river to the mouth of the 
 Ottawa, and continuing up that stream, reach tlie upper lakes by 
 means of Lake Nippissing, French river and Georgian bay. Subse- 
 quently, when Fort Frontenac, or Cataracoui, was built at the east- 
 ern extremity of Lake Ontario, they were enabled to change their 
 course, and, following the St. Lawrence to its source in that lake, 
 pass, by means of the small lakes, rivers and bays that intervene, to 
 the southern extremity of Georgian bay. Still later they went by 
 lakes Ontario, Erie,' and Huron;'* and, finally, by the Allegheny''' 
 and Ohio® rivers. 
 
 p. 189. In his notes to Father Joques' Novum, Belgium — Nem Netherlands — Mr. 
 Shea gives a somewhat different derivation of the term, remarking : " The name 
 tliev gave themselves was Kagingel\age or Gannieguéhage or Agniegiiéronon, tlia 
 termination har/e or ronon meaning ^jeojo/e. Tlie name of tlie tribe was Ganniagwari, 
 meaning she bear, wliicli the neighboring tribes of the Algongnin tongue translated 
 to Maqua, tlie source of our word Mohawk. The Mohawks with the Oneidas 
 (Onneiont), Onondagas (Onontagut'), Cayugas (Goiogouen), and Senecas (Tsonnon- 
 touan), formed a league called in the Mohawk langnage, Hotinnoncliiendi, in the 
 Seneca Hodenosannee, and meaning, ' They form a cabin,' " (pp. 48, 49). Mr. 
 Samuel G. Drake gives still anotlier account of this famous confederation : " The 
 Mohawks, sonietimes called AVabingi, are said to have been the oldest of the con- 
 federacy, and that the Onayauts (Oneidas) were the first that joined them by putting 
 themselves under their protection. The Onondagos were the next, then the Teuon- 
 towanos, or Sinikers, (Seneces), then the Cuinkgnos, (Cayugas). The Tuscaroras, 
 from Carolina, joined them about 1712, but were not formally admitted into the con- 
 federacv until about ten yeai's after that. Tlie addition of this new tribe gained 
 them the name of ' the Six Nations,' according to most writers ; but it will appear 
 that they were called the Six Nations long before tlie last named period." — Drake's 
 Indians of North America, p. 500. 
 
 ^"Ontara in Huron means a lake, Ontariio, beautiful lake." — Charlevoix, vol. 
 II., p. 84, note. In Marquette and Hennipin's map, drawn in 1687, it is called 
 Frontenac or Ontario. — Early History of Illinois, Sydney Breeze, p. 98. It was 
 also called Lake St. Louis. — Parkman's Jesuits, p. 143, note. In Father Joques' 
 Novum Belgium it is named Lac des Yroquois. 
 
 ■'Jacques Cartier ^called the St. Lawrence " the River of Hochelaga," or, " the 
 Great Hiver of Canada." — Parkman's Pioneers of France in the New World, p. 183. 
 The name was first given to the bay only, because Cartier entered it on the 10th of 
 August, 1535, the feast of St. Lawrence. — Charlevoix, vol. I. p. 115. On Marquette 
 and Hennipin's map, it is called the River of Çataracoui or the River of tlie 
 Iroquois. — Early History of Illinois, p. 98. 
 
 ^It takes its name from the Erie tribe of Indians that at one time dwelt south 
 of it, and were also called Erigas, Eriehronon, and Riguehronon, and who were pro- 
 
Western. JPenTisj/7\^ct7xicL. 9 
 
 As early a-; the winter of l()69-7<), or in the sprinj^ of tiic latter 
 yeai-, Rohcrt Chevalier de la Salle, '^ penetrated to the ii|)j)er waters of 
 the Allef^heny, and descending that stream and the Ohio as far as 
 the falls, where the city of Lonisville, Kentucky, now stands, re- 
 turned. But lie lias left only the merest reference to tliis exjiedition 
 
 liaMv lliu CiinmtoMiiiis of ( haniplain. — I'arkman's Jesuits, \>. XL\'I., note. Tlie 
 trilic, and, altor il, tin- lake, were also ealleil TVie Cal>, from tlie mimlier of wild cats 
 wliicli were round in llieir country. — Charlevoix, vol. II. p. 2(iti, note. It was 
 called the I ike of Conti h_v La Salle out of ■;ratitnde to l>i.s friend the Count de 
 Conti. — I'arkniini's Ld f!/ille, \t. IKi, note. On Laet's map it is ealle<l Grand Lao. 
 On Mar<|uetle and Hennipin's nuip it i.s called Lake Krie or Lake of (he Cats. This 
 is the i)opnlar ilerivation of the name of this inland sea; but it is not accepted hy 
 all students of our early history. There are many wlio combat it, and, I think, 
 snccessfnily ; niaintaininfr that the Inilian word which the French translated "cat," or 
 'chat," does not mean wild ml, but rnn-oon, anil should so be translated into Knf,'lish. 
 Accorilint; to this theory, which 1 must confess I rejrard as the correct one, the word 
 JSriV was deriveil from the Huron term Tiroii, which the French prononnccKl Trc- 
 roou, or Tu-era-kak ; the Onomlasra wonl for raccoon. In support of this derivation 
 of the word, I shall (piote the following extracts from two authorities. Dr. O' Cal- 
 laghan gives the subjoined : "There is on one of these islanils, (in the west end of 
 Lake Erie), so great a number of ruls that the Indians killed as many a.s nine hun- 
 dred of them in a very short lime." — Mt-inoir nf the Iiiilluiis, 1718, Col. Doc , X. Y., 
 IX. ■SSt). Side by side with this, place the following, written some forty years later 
 by a man i>f no mean intelligence who was a jjrisoner with the Indians and occasion- 
 ally on the spot. ".Some of the Wyandots or Otlawas freipiently make their winter 
 hunt in these islands, (the same islands.) Though excepting wild fowl and fish^ 
 there is scarcely any game here liut raccoon.s, which are amazingly plenty, and ex- 
 cee»lingly large and fat, as they feed upon the wild rice which grows in abundance 
 in wet places round these islands. It is s;iid that each hunter in one winter will 
 catch one tho.isan I rac;-o.)ns." And again, ".Vs t'.-e raccoons here lodge in the rocks, 
 the trappers make their wooden traps at the nmntli <if the holes; and as they go 
 daily to look at their traps in the winter season, they generally find them filled with 
 raccoons." — Col. Smilli's I'lipliiilij, pp. HI, 82. 
 
 ■^So named from the tribe of Indians on its northeastern shore, which the 
 French called I lurons, though their name was properly Yendat. — Charlevoix, vol. 
 II. p. 71. The origin of the term Huron is traced by Mr. Parkman to the grotesque 
 manner in which the Indians wore their hair, that made the French, on first meet- 
 ing them, exclaim : "(Quelles hures!" ''What boars'-heads !" — Jtsuitf, p. XXXIII, 
 Champlaiii calls Lake Huron " Mer Douce," the Fresh Water Sea. — Thr Fionters of 
 Friincf in Ihc -Yfir World, I'arkman, p. Stiti. On Mari|Uelle and Hennipin's map it 
 is called Lac Huron, Micbi^nine. In the map atlacluKl to Washington's Journal 
 (Sfi/n'n's lieprinls, Xo. I, New York. I.S(;.")\ Lake Huron is callc<l " t^natoghi or 
 Hnrons Lake. 
 
 "It is well known that in early times both the French and Knglish regarde<I the 
 .Mlegheny and ( Hiio rivers as but one stream. The name given them by the French, 
 " La Belle Kivicrc," " the Beautiful River," is but a translation of the Seneca name 
 
10 Tlxe. FrertcTL tn. 
 
 in his writings, so that for a time many denied it altogether, though 
 later investigations liave placed it beyond reasonable doubt. But an 
 impassible barrier yet existed to the safe travel and exploration of 
 these parts, as has just been stated, in the fierce and treaclierous 
 Iroquois, or " Five Nations," who were tlie terror of both the French 
 
 of the streams, Ho-he-i/u, chansect Ij.Y l^oth tlie English and French at a later day 
 into the present name Ohio. As to the word Allegheny, says the compiler of the 
 History of Veranr/o Omnly, (p. 98), "There are several theories given for the origin 
 of the word Allegheny. Frederick Post, the Moravian missionary, sent among the 
 western Indians in 1758, made a statement that Allegheny was the Delaware name 
 for the Ohio. Proud, in his Hislory of Pennsylvania, puldished in 1797, adopts the 
 opinion of Post in regard to it. The Lenni Lenape, in their earliest tradition, 
 speak of the Allegewi, whom they met on the banks of the Mississippi, and this is 
 one of the theories that is advanced for the origin of the name Allegheny river and 
 mountains. Schoolcraft, who is generally regarded as standard authority on Indian 
 history, says: 'The banks of this stream were in ancient times occupied by an 
 important tribe, now unknown, who preceded the Iroquois and Delawares. They 
 were called Alleghans by Golden in the London edition of his work, and the river 
 is named Allegan by Lewis Evans in his celebrated map of 17.55.' Evans also states 
 that the Shawanese called the Allegheny or Ohio Palawa-Kunki. Schoolcraft ren- 
 ders the word Palawa-Tlioriki. The name given the river by the Delawares is 
 more properly rendered Tallegawe, and in this form it appeared in many of the 
 early prints. Some authorities allege that the word Allegheny was applied to the 
 mountains that now bear the name, by the first English settlers; that they derived 
 it from the Indians, and that it was svipposed to mean Endless." Eev. John Hecke- 
 welder in his Indian JS'alioih", (p. 48) says: "Tho,se people, as I was told, called 
 themselves Talligewi or Alligcwi. Colonel .lohn Gibson, however, a gentleman who 
 lias a thorough knowledge of the Indians, and speaks several of their languages, is 
 of the opinion that they were not called Talligewi, but Alligewi, and it would seem 
 that he is riglit, from the traces of their name which still remain in the country, 
 the Allegheny river and mountains having indubitably been named from them. 
 The Delawares still call the former Alligewi .Sipu, the river of the Alligewi." The 
 same writer, in his Karnes u-hich the Lenni Lenape f/ore to Mirers, &c., pp. 13, 14, 
 says: "The Allegheny corrupted from Alleç/exin, is the name of a race of Indians 
 said to have dwelt along the river of that name, and in Allegewinmk, i. e., all the 
 country west of the AUeghenies, drained by the tributaries of the Ohio." My 
 friend, the late Robert W. Smith, of Kittanning, gives the following interesting 
 letter on the subject in his History of Armstrong County, (p. 156). It was written in 
 reply to an incpiiry made by him, and is perhaps the most satisfactory explanation 
 of the name to be found anywhere : 
 
 "The Watkinson Library, Hartford, Conk., Dec. 4, 1877. 
 
 Dear Sir : — Mr. F. Vinton, of Princeton, encloses to me your request for the 
 
 etymology of the Shawano name for the Allegheny river, which you write Palawu- 
 
 thep-iki. The name properly belongs to land, or some locality, on the river, or near 
 
 it, Palmoa, otherwise written Pelewa, is the Shawano name for tlie wild turkey ; 
 
"Westevn ^ennsyl-vania. 11 
 
 and Indians from the niontli of tlic St. Lawrence to the Iwnlcs oC the; 
 Missis.sip|)i. In addition to tlieir acknowledged prowess, wliicli won 
 (or tlieni the [)roud title of " the llomans of America," tiicir confe<l- 
 eratidii remlcred them still more; formidable, and the fire-ai'ms 
 with which tliey were furnished by the Dutch, of Xew York, prior 
 to the year 1621, gave tliem an advantage wiiich no other Indians 
 
 Miami, Pilauli ; Illinois, Pireim. Pelewa-sepl, or, as a Sliawano often pronounces it, 
 Pelcwa-lhcpi, Tnrkey Kiver, place, or conntrv. Whetlier the Allegheny was so 
 named because of the abundance of wild turkeys, or from the turkey tribe (Una- 
 lûuhtgo) of the I)elawares, I cannot certainly say, but the former is the more proba- 
 ble. Truly yours, 
 
 J. IIammoxii Thimbill." 
 The allusion to wild turkeys as the originat<irs of the name of our river will not 
 be thought improbable, if we remember tliat at least twenty-eight years after Pitts- 
 burg took its ])rescnt designation. Judge Breckenridge could write in the first 
 number of the I'ittsburg Gazelle, which appeared July 29, 1780, such words as these 
 in regard to Smoky Island and Monument Hill : " At the distance of four or five 
 hundred yards from the bead of the ( )hio is a small island, lying to the northwest side 
 of tlie river, at a distance of about seventv yards from the shore. It is covered 
 with wood, and at tlie lowest part is a lofty liill /«mous for Ihe uumier of mid turkeys 
 which inlutbtl it." — Craig's HiMory of-Piltsburg, p. 190. On The Historical Map of 
 Pennsylvatiia the upper Allegheny is named Paluwutheptki, aral the lower .Vllegheny 
 
 'The Ohio is i|uiteas rii'h in Indian and French names as the .Mlcgheny ; for, 
 besides the name Ohio, already discussed, there are nearly a dozen others. La 
 Salle gave it the name of St. Louis, as we learn from a map drawn by 
 Franquelin, in tlie year 1684, whiclv Parkman calls, "the most remarkable 
 of all the early maps of the interior of North America." On this map it 
 is called the River St. Louis, or the C'hucagoa, or the Casquinampogamou ; 
 and one of its principal branches is calletl the' Ohio or Olighin. In the 
 official document drawn up by La Salle on taking pos,«ession of the valley of the 
 Missi.-isippi, which was executed at the mouth of that stream in April, 108".', he 
 names Ihe Ohio ; " the great river St. Louis, otherwise called ibc Ohio," and in the 
 same docunieut it is called the Olighiu-Sipuo, and the C'hukagoua. In Marquette's 
 map, which Parkman calls "a rude sketch," the Ohio is laid down as the Oual)ous- 
 kiaoii. — La Salle, pp. 4.^(), 457. In the copy of Martpiette's map given in the Early 
 History oj Illinois, a stream that would appear to correspond to the Ohio is nuirked 
 with a name, which, as well as I can uuike it out, is Sabequingo. On the map of 
 Marquette and llcunipiu, in the .same volume the lower Ohio to the mouth of the 
 Wabash, and thai stream, which arc given as one, are nameil the Hivicre d' Oubache 
 ou S. Heronyme (the Wabash or St. Jerome's river), and the Ohio above that point, 
 the Ohio on la Helle Kivicre. From this and the fact that, in Kipp's Early Jesuit 
 Missions, (Father Maresl's narrative), where the Ohio is named the Oiiabache, it is 
 evident that this name was only applied to that part of the Ohio below the 
 
12 Tixe FrencJh in 
 
 possessed. The Marquis de Tracy,'" Lieutenanc-General of Canada, 
 penetrated their country in the autumn of 1666, burned a number of 
 their moi-e important villages, and torced them for a time to pay at 
 least the semblance of respect to the power of the white man. But 
 they soon recovered from the shock, and continued their depredations 
 until Count Frontenac,'' Governor-General of Canada, again entered 
 their domain at the head of a formidable army, in 1696, and infliicted 
 a blow on them from which they never entirely recovered. The 
 
 mouth of the Wabash, and that, consequently, the early explorers regarded 
 the Ohio as a branch of the Wabash, instead of the Wabash as a branch of 
 the Ohio. In the map accompanying Shea's Charlevoix, it is called L'Oye 
 ou La Belle Kivière. Mr. Heckewelder, in his Indian Names, &c., (pp. 
 34-36) referred to above, labors at length to prove that the name Ohio was 
 corrupted by tlie early traders from Delaware Indian words expressiiig cer- 
 tain qualities of that stream ; but that derivation is not accepted, as the name 
 Ohio is evidently of Seneca origin. The Delaware name of the river was Kit-hanne, 
 (Minsi Delaware, Gichl-hanne) signifying, main stream. On the map accompanying 
 Washington's Journal it is called "Ohio or the Fair River." "Outside of Pennsyl- 
 vania, the word is almost universally spelled 'Alleghany.' The orthography given 
 to the word in New York State, is ' .'Allegany,' and the line between the two States 
 seems to divide the two methods of sjielling the name of the river, fn fact all 
 authorities and all publications without tlie limits of the State give ' Alleghany' or 
 ' Allegany' as the orthography of the word, but Pennsylvanians stubbornly adhere 
 to 'Allegheny.' The other methods are evidently mndernized." — History of Venan- 
 go County, p. 98. 
 
 "So well known an e.xplorer as La Salle needs but a short notice. Robert Cheva- 
 lier de la Salle, was born in Eouen, France, in November, 1643. He was a short 
 time with the Jesuits, but withdrew, and came to Canada in 1666, from which time 
 his life was given to exploring the great lakes and the Mississippi with its tribu- 
 taries, till he was killed in Texas, March 19, 1687. For an estimate of his charac- 
 ter and qualities see Parkman'sia Salic, pp. 406, 407 ; also Charlevoix, vol. IV, pp. 
 94, 95. — Parkman's La Salle, pp. 22-25. Some authorities maintain that the stream 
 discovered by La Salle was not the Ohio, but one further to the west. 
 
 ' "Alexander de Prouville, Marquis de Tracy, Lieutenant General of tlie King's 
 Armies, was born in France about the year 1603, and, writes Mother Mary of the 
 Incarnation, a mm of Canada, " was one of the largest men I ever saw." He came 
 to Canada in June, 1665, with the powers of viceroy; entered the Mohawk country 
 in 1666, and returned to France where be died. — Charlevoix, vol. III. ; Parkman's 
 Old Regime in Canada. 
 
 ' 'Louis de Buade, Count de Frontenac, was born in France about the year 1620 ; 
 entered the army at an early age, and was apjiointed Governor-General ot Canada, 
 arriving in September, 1672. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, but was 
 inclined to be arbitrary and prejudiced. He encouraged Marquette, Joliet and La 
 Salle in their explorations, and was recalled to France in 1682. But when Canada 
 was on the verge of ruin he w:as sent out again, in 1689, maintained a vigorous 
 
'Weste.T-TL ^ennssylTanicL. 13 
 
 way wiLs now open ibr tJie navigation of tlie upper St. Lawrence, 
 Lake Ontario, and the Niagara'* river witiiout fear of serions 
 molf's(ation ; and tlio route by way of thfi Allegiieny and Oiiio rivers 
 — wliicli were known to l)otli tiie Frencli and Indians bv the com- 
 mon name of tlie Ohio or " the Beautiful River," — Iwcame safe and 
 practicable. 
 
 With the discovery of the nioutli of the Mississippi, Ijy La Salle, 
 in April, 1682, another motive was added to those of zeal, andjition 
 and traffic; it was that of taking possession of the whole interior of 
 the continent, and establishing a line of furls from the mouth of the 
 St. Lawrence to that of the Mississippi, not oidy for the pur|)oses of 
 defense, but also as re-lay posts and trading stations with the natives. 
 In the execution of this they were greatly favored by tiie presence 
 of the Allegheny mountains, which presented a barrier to the pro- 
 gress of colonization from the seaboai'd, and also rendered it diflieidt, 
 as subsequent evcuts i)roved, to defend the country when occupied. 
 Besides, the French had a line of water communication throughout 
 the whole e.vtent of their vast jrossessions. But they not on]^v had 
 the geography of the country in their favor, they are also well known 
 to have been especially successful in their management of the In- 
 dians, a point in which the English almost utterly failed. By nieiuis 
 of the Mississippi they could also facilitate commerce during the 
 long season when the St. I^awrence is blocked with ice, and be ena- 
 bled to communicate with the interior of the country in case the 
 enemy should seize the mouth of lillicr of these rivers. 
 
 The English naturally regarded the action of the French with an 
 unfriendly eye, and this feeling was not confined to the representa- 
 tives of the government, but was perhaps more keenly felt by the 
 Indian traders, whose code of laws was dictated by their power alone. 
 
 policy, re|>ul!iC(l llit- Englisli from Quflicc in ItiilO, iienetratcd the Inxiiiois country 
 six years later, and died at Quebec in November, IfiilS. — Parkman's Frontenac; 
 Charlevoi.'C, Neiv France. 
 
 '-The .lesiill FatliiT Regucneau in the Jielalioii of 1648, calls the Niagara river 
 and falls, the OuKiiiaarha. It was also named the ri/er of the Neutrals, from the 
 trihe of Indians living' north and west of it l>etween the Ilurons and the Iro- 
 quois, and which remained neutral in the wars of these nations.— Parkuiau's Jaiuits, 
 p. 143, note. 
 
14 .T'/ie FrencJi in 
 
 As early as 1654 English explorers were sent into the valley of the 
 Oliio, but without effecting any permanent results.'^ They also 
 traded with the Indian tribes within the present territory of Ohio, 
 as early as 1715.''' But when at length the French took military 
 possession of the valley of the Allegheny and Ohio, the English felt 
 that a barrier was raised tliat must be removed at all cost, or there 
 would be an end both of trade with tlie natives and of colonization. 
 On these points a writer of that time remarks: "By these limits, 
 Avhich the French liave prescribed for us by their forts, they have 
 stript us of more than nine parts in ten of North America, which 
 they may be said to be in possession of, and left us only a skirt of 
 coast along the Atlantic shore, bounded on the north by the St. 
 Lawrence and on the west by the Appalachian or Allegheny moun- 
 tains, which are nowhere above two hundred and eighty miles 
 distant from the coast, and iu some parts not more than one hundred 
 and twenty. In consequence of these proceedings, they have already 
 prevented us from extending our settlements beyond our present 
 bounds, cut otf all our intercourse with the Indians, and further re- 
 duced the small share they had left us of the fur trade, having 
 gotten into tlieir poïsessiou six or seven-eighths of it before." ' ^ 
 
 Whatever may have been the relation of the two powers in the Old 
 World, this step on the part of the French was tantamount to a 
 declaration of war on this side of the Atlantic ; and hence it is that 
 from the first their's was in many respects a military occupation. It 
 proved to be the commencement of a struggle which kindled the 
 flames of war in both hemispheres, and while it resulted in driving 
 the French from their possessions in North America, it paved the 
 
 '^"Colonel Wood, wlio dwelt at tlie falls of the James river in 1654, sent proper 
 persons (among whom was one Mr. Needham), who, passing the Allegheny moun- 
 tains, entered the country of the Ohio, and in ten years' space discovered several 
 branches, not only of that river, but also cf the Mississippi itself. . . . Also in 
 1674 Captain Botts made another progress tlirough the same country." — Slate of the 
 British and French Colonies in North America, London, 17Ô5, pp. 107 and 118; Colo- 
 nel Smith's Captivity with the Indians, p. 181, note. 
 
 ''^■^ Journal of Captain 2reni, pp. 12, et seq.; Montcalm & TFo{/', Parkman, vol. I. 
 chapter III. 
 
 ^^ Slate of the British and French Colonies in North America, p. 11. 
 
yVestem JP&rtnsyVvcLrLicc. 15 
 
 way by that very act for the overthrow of British rule in the col- 
 onies, as we sliall see in the sequel. 
 
 The first pei'son to descend the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, take 
 possession of the country in the name of the King of France and 
 draw a map of these streams, was Céloron/" in his expedition of 
 1749. He was sent by the Marquis de la Galissonière,'"' Governor- 
 General of Canada, in command of two hundred and fifteen French 
 and Canadian soldiers and fifty-five Indians of various tribes, to coun- 
 teract tiie designs of the English. Tiie principal officers under him 
 were Contrecœur,' ^ who afterwards built Fort Duquesue, Coulon de 
 
 i^The following particulars in tlie life of a man who flgiired so early in our his- 
 tory, for which I am indebted to a brief but instructive paper by Mr. Isaac Crai» in 
 the Histji-ical Register, vol. II. (pp. 248, el seq.) will no doubt prove interesting. In 
 1739 he was sent from !Michiliniackiuac in command of an expedition af>-ainst the 
 Chickasaws, In July, 1741, he returned on a mission to theOttawas atMicliilimacki- 
 nac. Soon after he was in command at Detroit ; he was sent in October 1744 to 
 command at Fort Niagara. In June, 1747, he is spoken of as commander at Fort St . 
 Frederic on Lake Champlain, but was relieved in November, and was despatched 
 to Detroit with a convoy, in May, 1748, from which he returned in September. He 
 was then trusted with tlie expedition down the Ohio. In the summer of 1750 lie was 
 commander at Detroit, and five years later w^as again at Fort St. Frederic. In the fol- 
 lowing summer he was commander of a detachment which had an engagement with 
 the English at Cresap's fort, near Cumberland, and in September of the same year 
 he reached Montreal, the bearer of despatches from Dumas, commander of Fort 
 Duquesne. He must not be confounded, as is sometimes done, with another officer 
 Captain Céloron de Blainville. His chaplain. Father Bonnecamps, speaks of him 
 as fearless, energetic and full of resources ; but the Governor calls him haughty 
 and insubordinate. — Montcalm and Wolf, Parkman, vol. 1. pp. 76-84. 
 
 1 'Poland Michel Barrin, Marquis de la Galissonière, was born at Eochfort 
 France, November 11, 1693; rose through difîerent grades to that of admiral- was 
 appointed Governor-General of Canada in 1747, — that province being under the 
 management of the marine department, — was energetic in maintainino- the intei- 
 ests of France; returned to his native land late in 1749; and died at Nemour 
 October 26, 1756. 
 
 1 'In 1668 concessions of land were made to certain officers in Canada, among 
 whom was Anthony Pecody, Sieur de Contrecœur. — Charlevoix, vol. Ill p. 112. 
 What relation he was to the officer here mentioned, or whether any, I Iiave not 
 been able to learn. In the present Register, the officer here mentioned is 
 called " Monsieur Pierre Claude de Contrecœur, Esquire, Sieur de Beaudry 
 Captain of Infantry, Commander-in-Chief of the forts of Duquesne, Presqu' Isle 
 and the Riviere au Bœufs." He was in command of Fort Niagara at the time 
 of which we are now speaking ; but he afterwards succeeded to the command 
 
16 Tlxe, Frertch. in 
 
 Villièrs*'' and Joacaire-Chabert."'' A veiy interastiug paper on this 
 expedition was published in The Magazine of American History, 
 (vol. II. pp. 129-150) by the late Hon. O. H. Marshall, of Buffalo, 
 N. Y. Both Céloron and his chaplain, Father Bonnecamps,- ' a 
 Jesuit, kept journals of the expedition, and the latter also drew a 
 map, which is remarkably accurate considering the circumstances. 
 He also took the latitudes and longitudes of the principal points. 
 
 Provided with a number of leaden plates, which were about eleven 
 inches long, seven and one-half inches wide, and one-eighth of 
 an inch thick, they left La Cliine,-- above Montreal,"' on the 
 15th of June, 1749, and ascended the St. Lawrence to Lake Ontario. 
 Coasting along the eastern and southern shores of the lake, they 
 reached Fort Niagara on the t)th of July. Pursuing their course 
 they arrived at a point on the southern siiore of Lake Erie, near the 
 spot where the village of Barcelona, N. Y., now stands, where they 
 disembarked on the 16th. By means of Chautauqua"^ creek, a 
 
 of the detachment wliicli had before belonged to M. Saint Pitrre, whether he 
 was in command of the fort at the time of the battle of tlie Monongahela, (Braddock's 
 Defeat), July 9, 1755, is disputed. See also registry of the interment of Sieur de Beau- 
 jeu further on. The last date on which the name of ('ontrecœur is found in the 
 Begister is March 2, 1755 ; and the first appearance of that of M. Damas is, 
 September 18th of the same year. The number of entries in the Reglder 
 is so few, indeed, that they cannot be taken as an authority in fixing dates 
 with precision ; but where a name is mentioned it is always a high authority. AVhat 
 became of M. Contrecœur after his retiring from Fort Duquesne, I have not been 
 able to learn. 
 
 1 'There were seven brothers of this family, six of whom lost their lives in the 
 Canadian wars. This one commanded an expedition against Fort Necessity in 
 June, 1754. He was afterwards taken prisoner by the English at tlie capture of 
 Fort Niagara.— ilfar/., Amer., Hist, vol. II. p. 1.30; The Olden Time, vol. II. p. 152. 
 
 2 "Of the elder Joncaire, the father of the one referred to in tliis place, Mr. Park- 
 man says : " The history of Joncaire was a noteworthy one. The Senecas had cap- 
 tured him sometime before (the year 1700), tortured his companions to death, 
 and doomed him to the same fate. As a preliminary torment an old chief tried to 
 burn a finger of the captive in the bowl of his pipe, on which Joncaire knocked 
 him down. If he had begged for mercy, their hearts would have been flint ; but 
 the warrior crowd were so pleased with this proof of courage that they adopted liim 
 as one of their tribe, and gave him an Iroquois wife. He lived among them for 
 many years and gained a commanding influence, which proved very useful to the 
 French." — Frontenae, p. 441. He died in 1740, leaving two sons, Chabert Joncaire, 
 and Philip Clauzonne Joncaire, both of whom were in the French service and 
 were in Celeron's expedition. The one who took the most prominent part was 
 
'Western ^enrtsylvcvrvtcL, V\ 
 
 portage, Chautauqua Lake and Couewango*' creek, they came, on 
 the 29th, to the Allegheny river, near the spot now occupied by the 
 town of Warren, Pa. The first of the leaden plates was buried at 
 this point. The official record of the burying of the several plates, 
 and the entries in Céloron and Father Bonnecamp's journals are sim- 
 ple statements of the facts ; but the inscription, which was -nearly the 
 same for every plate, may be a matter of curiosity. This one is as 
 follows : " In the year 1749, in the reign of Louis the XV., King 
 
 Chabert de JotiGaire, or Joncaire-Chabert. — Montcalm & Wolf, Parkman ; 3Iag. 
 Amer. Hist., vol. II., p. 140. He was on tbe Alleglieny for tbe next two years at 
 least, and was at Logstown on May 18, 1751. — Hist. West. Peniia. ; App. p. 26. 
 Both were taken prisoners at the capture of Fort Niagara. The name is variously 
 spelled by early writers, as John Cœur, Jean Cœur, Joncœur, Joncaire, &c. 
 
 ^^I have not as yet been able to learn anything of this noted Jesuit missionary, 
 but hope soon to be able to satisfy both my own and the reader's curiosity. 
 
 2^0n the 19th of July, 1669, La Salle set out on an e.xpedition through the lakes 
 with a view of discovering a western pass to China, (French, La Chine) ; but after 
 proceeding some distance he returned, and his place on the St. Lawrence was out of 
 derision called La Chine, a name wliich it bears to this day. — Charlevoix, vol. III. 
 p. 122, note. Another evidence that those who do the most for their fellow-men are 
 often better remembered in the mistakes they make than in the good they do. 
 
 ^ ^Called by the Indians Hochelaga. The first white man to visit it was Jacques 
 Cartier, October 2, 1535. It was a Huron-Iroquois town, as the name indicates. 
 The Seneca for the French name ilfonireaZ was Dohkia gi-ga. The present island 
 and city take their name from that of Mont Koyal, which Cartier, at the time of 
 his visit, gave the mountain at the foot of which the town stood. — Charlevoix, vol. 
 I., pp. 118, 119. 
 
 ^ ■"' The name Chatacoin and Chatakouin, as spelled by Céloron in his journal, and 
 Tchadakoin, as inscribed on the plate, and Tjadakoin, as spelled by Bonnecamp 
 on his map, are all variations of the modern name Cliautauqua." Early authors 
 will be found to have written it differently : as, Shatakoin, Jadacliqué, Cahdocoin, 
 Ghaud-dauk-wa, and Jah-dah-gwali. It is said to mean, " a place where a child was 
 swept away by the waves ;" " where the fish was taken out ;" " the fogg}' place ;" 
 " the elevated place ;" while the configuration of the lake would favor another in- 
 terpretation, "a sack tied in the middle." — 3fag. Amer. Hist., vol. II. pp. 135-138. 
 
 2 'On the plate buried by Céloron at the confluence of this stream with the Alle- 
 gheny, it is called the Kanaaiagon, but in his journal he sjjells it Chanougon ; 
 while Father Bonnecamp writes it Kananougon. There are also other forms of 
 the word. — Mag. Am^r. Hist., vol. II. p. 136-140. " Conewango is corrupted from 
 Guninga, signifying, they have been gone a long time, they stay a long time." The etym- 
 ology is : " Ou-ne-u, long. Gu-nax-u, it is long. Gu-ni, a long while. Gu-na-gi-a, 
 he stays long." — ^Heckewelder, Indian Names, &c., p. 21. 
 
 3 
 
18 Tlxe Fr&nclx trt 
 
 of France, we, Céloron, commander of a detachment sent by Mon- 
 sieur the Marquis de la Galissonière, Governor-General of New 
 France, to re-establisli tranquility in some Indian villages of these 
 cantons, have buried this plate of lead at the confluence of the Ohio 
 and Chautauqua, this 29th day of July, near the river Ohio, other- 
 wise Belle Riviere, as a monument of the renewal of the possession 
 we have taken of the said river Ohio, and of all those which empty 
 into it, and of all the lands on both sides as far as the sources 
 of the said rivers, as enjoyed or ought to have been enjoyed by the 
 kings of France preceding, and as they iiave there maintained them- 
 selves by arms and by treaties, especially those of Ryswick, Utrecht, 
 and Aix la Chapelle.""" 
 
 As the expedition proceeded down the river, Céloron endeavored to 
 strengthen the attachment of the Indians to tlie cause of France, but 
 he soon found that all along the Allegheny there was a strong bias in 
 their minds in favor of the English. 
 
 They passed among other places mentioned in their journals, the 
 mouth of French creek,^'' "The Indian God,"-^ the Indian village 
 
 "^^Mag. Amer. Hist., vol. II. p. 132. 
 
 ^'In the early French archives this stream is called the Kivière aux Bœufs ; and 
 in the Pennsylvania Archives the name is simply translated into English as the 
 "Beef river," or the " Bufialo river." Bofialoes are said to have been found in the 
 valley of the stream by the early traders and explorers, and hence the name. It 
 was also called the ^'enango by the English, a name corrupted from the Seneca 
 term, In-im-gah, from which the word Weningo, and later Venango doubtless sprang. 
 The Key. Timothy Alden, speaking of the derivation of this word, says : " This 
 name is given to French creek by the Senecas in consequence of a certain figure 
 carved on the bark of a tree near its bank, noticed at an early period after they 
 came to this region, and expressive of the representation made by the rude sculp- 
 ture ; but an explanation of which delicacy forbids us to record." The present 
 name, French creek, appears to have been given the stream by George Washington, 
 on tlie occasion of his visit to the French, referred to above. — History of Venango 
 County, p. 97 ; Wasldngton's Journal and accompanying map. (Sahin' s Reprints, No. 
 I.) On The Historical Map of Pennsylvania it is called also the Innungau. " The 
 Delawares called French creek .4 Mifc. The name was sometimes written Onenge." 
 Heckewelder, Indian Names, &c., p. 46. 
 
 ^*A rock lying in the eastern edge of the Allegheny river, nine miles below the 
 mouth of French creek, on the smooth inclined face of which (looking toward the 
 west) are certain rude hieroglyphics that made it be regarded by the Indians with 
 
yV^stern, ^en-ixsylvctnicc.. 19 
 
 of Attigué,"" Shannopin's towD,'" ou the east baukof the Alleglieiiy, 
 two miles above itsjimctiou with the Monongahela, which Céloron 
 called "the finest place on the river," and Logstown, which they des- 
 ignated Chiningué/' from its proximity to the river of that name. 
 Continuing in their course, and depositing their leaden plates at 
 various places they arrived at the mouth of the Miami. Ascending 
 that stream they came by a portage to the head waters of the Maumee, 
 descending which they reached Lake Erie, and returned, arriving 
 November 10th, at Montreal. 
 
 The way being thus opened the Allegheny was visited afterwards 
 by the French, although no attempt was made to establish military 
 posts ; their visits being intended principally to win back or retain 
 the Indians, and prevent them from trading with the Englisli, but 
 all, it was clear, with a view of obtaining ultimate possession. Jon- 
 caire-Chabert, to whom they had committed their affairs in this part 
 of the country, purposed building a fort on the Allegheny at Venan- 
 go, in case he obtained permission from the Indians, but permission 
 was not granted, although he occupied the house at the mouth of 
 French creek from which Céloron had driven John Fraser.'" In May, 
 1751, he was at Logstown, where he held a council with the Indians, 
 but without being able to induce them to permit the French to take 
 possessiou of their lauds. 
 
 superstitious awe, and won for it from the whites the name of " Tlie Indian God." 
 The traveler on the Allegheny Valley Kailroad may see the rock (the more southern 
 of two that lie near each other), but not the hieroglyphics, directly opposite the 
 lloth mile post from Pittsburg. 
 
 ^ 'The Indian village known to the English as Kittanning, which was destroyed by 
 Col. John Armstrong, September 8, 1756.— N. Y., Col. Doc. VII., 728 ; Annals of the 
 West, pp. 139-146 ; Montcalm ami Wolf, vol. I. p. 4 ). 
 
 ^"Although the description of this place, like that of many others in Céloron's 
 Journal, is vague, there can be no doubt of the village meant, both from his re- 
 marks and the meeting with the "old woman who was regarded as a queen," who 
 was evidently the Seneca Queen Aliquippa. — Mag. Amer. Hist., vol. II., p. 142 ; 
 Hist. Western Pa., App., p. 14. 
 
 ^ 'The precise location of this town has engaged no little attention from local 
 historians, some maintaining that it was on the south side, some on the north of the 
 Ohio ; but it is now generally admitted to have been on the latter, about eighteen 
 miles below the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. — Craig's His- 
 
20 TTxd Frenclx in 
 
 The moderation with whicli tlie French had conducted themselves 
 emboldened the Indians, and the Governor-General, the Marquis de 
 la Jonquière,'' who had succeeded tlie Marquis de la Galissoniôre/^ 
 determined to send a body of troops into their territory to impress 
 them with a salutary fear, and awe them into submission. But death 
 frustrated his plans by carrying him off in Ma}^, (other authorities 
 give March), 1752. His successor, the Marquis du Quesne,^° did 
 not arrive until a few months later ; wiien, finding the colony in the 
 
 tory of PUtsbwrfi, p, 215 ; History of Western Pennsylvania, App., p. 14. From the 
 fact that Father Bonnecamp says ; " We called it Chiningué, from its vicinity to the 
 river of that name," it would appear that the Beaver river was known to at least 
 some of the French and Indians by the name of one of its principal tributaries, the 
 Shenango, from which the name Chiningué is doubtless derived. 
 
 '^He was a Scotchman and one of the traders found by Gcloron at the mouth of 
 French creek, whom he forced to leave. Being a gunsmitli, he was useful to the 
 Indians, and was permitted to live among them. He is said to have been there "for 
 many years" before his expulsion. He was next found (1753-4) at the mouth of 
 Turtle creek, on the Monongahela, from which he was also forced by the French to 
 retire in 1754. — History of Venango County, p. 42 ; Washington's Journal. 
 
 ^'He was descended from an old Catilonian family, and was born in Languedoc, 
 France, in 1696. He was a man of commanding presence and undaunted resolution, 
 but prone to avarice. He died at Quebec, May 17, 1752. — History of Braddoelc's Ex- 
 pidition, p. 28 ; The Olden Time, vol. II. p. 149. 
 
 '■'Poland Michel Barrin, Marquis de la Galissonière, was born at itochfort, 
 France, November 11, 1693 ; rose through different grades to that of admiral ; was 
 appointed Governor-General of Canada in 1747, — that province being under the 
 management of the marine department, — was energetic in maintaining the interests 
 of France ; returned to his native land late in 1749 ; and died at Nemour, Octo- 
 ber 26, 1756. 
 
 ^ 'Nothing is known of his early life ; biit he was descended from Abraham Du- 
 quesne, the famous admiral of Louis XIV. In Ihe latter part of 1754 he demanded 
 his recall to France in order to enter the naval service, with which he was more 
 familiar. Little more is known of him except that in 1758 he was appointed to the 
 command of all the French forces, sea and land, in North America, and tliat soon 
 after he sailed in a small squadron, whicli was utterly discomfited by the English. 
 We must agree with the author of Sraddock's Expedition, who remarks, that, " It is 
 unjust to the past age, that the names of such men as Duquesne, Dumas and Contre- 
 cœur should be consigned to oblivion. Thus we are left in ignorance of the period 
 of Duquesne's death, and of all save a single circumstance in his latter career." — 
 History of Braddock's Expedition, pp. 29-34. He was a rigid disciplinarian, and his, 
 lofty bearing offended the Canadians ; but lie commanded their respect, and showed 
 that he was born to rule. — Montcalm and Wolf, Parkman, vol. I., p. 85. 
 
Western ^ennsyLvanzct. 21 
 
 greatest alarm, he made all haste to carry into execution the plans of 
 his predecessor."' The movements of the English, looking to the 
 colonization of the valley of the Ohio, gave additional impetus to his 
 energy ; but the difficulties with which he had to contend, prevented 
 him from despatching his foi'ces for some time. At length, as we 
 learn from the deposition of Stephen Coffen — who had been a prison- 
 er among the French for some time — taken January 10, 1754, an ex- 
 pedition consisting of three hundred men, in command of Mons. 
 Babeer (Babier ?)'''■ set out from Quebec in January, 1753, and, jour- 
 neying by land and ice, ai-rived at Fort Niagara in April ; whence, after 
 a rest of fifteen days, they continued their course by water to the 
 south-eastern shore of Lake Erie. Disembarking at Chadakoin, at 
 the mouth of Chautauqua creek, where Cêloron had landed four years 
 before, they pi'epared to build a fort. But Monsieur Morin came up 
 with an additional force of five hundred whites and twenty Indians 
 about the end of May, and assumed command of the expedition. ^^ 
 Finding Chautauqua creek, which falls into the lake at this point, 
 and which had been adopted as the route to the Allegheny since 
 Celeron's expedition, too shallow to float canoes and especially bat- 
 teaux, he passed further west and came to a place which from the 
 peculiar formation of the lake shore they named Presqu' Isle, or, 
 the Peninsula, and which is now the site of the city of Erie. Here 
 the first fort, which was named Fort la Presqu' Isle, was built. It 
 was constructed of square logs, was about one hundred aud twenty 
 feet squai-e, and fifteen feet high, but had no port-holes, and it was 
 probably finished in June, 1753.'^ 
 
 As soon as the fort was finished it was occupied by a garrison of 
 about one hundred men, in command of Captain Depontency ; and the 
 remainder of tLe forces commenced cutting a road south to the head- 
 waters of Le Bœuf river, or French creek, a distance of about fifteen 
 miles, to the site of the present village of Waterford, Erie county, Pa., 
 where they built a second fort similar to the first, but smaller. It 
 
 3«rAe Olden Time, vol. XL, p. 150. 
 
 ^ ''History of Pennsylvania, Dr. Egle, p. 694. 
 
 ^'Ibid ; History of Erie County, Laura G. Sanford, p. 29,— note. 
 
 ^ ^History of Braddock's Expedition, p. 40 ; History of Erie County, pp. 43-44. 
 
22 The FreTtcft in 
 
 could not have been completed before the end of July. Washington 
 gives the following description of it in his Journal, under date of De- 
 cember 13, 1753 : " It is situated on the south or west fork of French 
 creek, and a small branch of it which forme a kind of island. Four 
 houses complete the sides. The bastions are made of piles driven 
 into the ground, standing more than twelve feet above it, and sharp at 
 the top, with port-holes for the cannon and loop holes for the small 
 arms to fire through. There are eight six-pound pieces mounted in each 
 bastion, and one piece of four-pound before the gate. In the bastions 
 are guard-house, chapel, doctor's lodging and commander's private 
 store; round which are laid platforms for the cannon and men to 
 stand on. There are several barracks without the fort for the soldiers' 
 dwellings," &c. 
 
 No sooner was work commenced on Fort le Bceuf than Monsieur 
 Bite was sent with fifty men to build a third fort at the mouth of 
 French creek, where an Indian village named Ganagara'hare then 
 stood. Finding it impossible to do so on account of the oppo- 
 sition of the Indians, he was forced to return. As the season was 
 now far advanced and the fort at Venango could not be undertaken, 
 M. Morin set out for Canada on the 28th of October, with the greater 
 part of the soldiers to go into winter quarters, leaving a small garri- 
 son in the two forts. He took measures at the same time to bring the 
 Indians to a more friendly turn of mind against the opening of 
 spring.*"^ 
 
 With the return of good weather the French resumed their project, 
 and with better success than before ; their agents had worked on the 
 minds of the savages with their accustomed success ; the fortification 
 at the mouth of French creek was undertaken without opposition ; 
 and, says Dr. Eaton, of Franklin, who has devoted much attention to 
 our early history : " The fort here seems to have been completed in 
 April, 1754, under the superintendence of Captain Joncaire. It was 
 not an elaborate work, but suited to the circumstances of the case. It 
 was called Machaulf • after a celebrated French financier and politi- 
 
 ^"History of Pennsylvania, Egle, p, 695. 
 
 ''ijean Baptiste Machault was born at Amonville, France, December 10, 
 1701 ; in 1745 was controller of finance ; in 1750 keeper of the seals ; succeeded to 
 
Western Fennsyl-varvia,. 23 
 
 cian. The uame is not a familiar one here, but in every instance in 
 whicli the fort is spoken of by the French autiiorities, eitlier here or 
 in Canada, it is called Machault. By the English it was usually 
 called the French fort at Venango. Although grave doubts existed 
 until recently as to its exact location, yet facts have been brought to 
 light recently, that fix the site beyond all controversy. Its exact loca- 
 tion was on the bank of the Allegheny, about sixty rods south of the 
 mouth of French creek. ... An ancient document describes it 
 in this wise : ' It is situated on a rising piece of ground, sixty 
 yards west of the Ohio (Allegheny). The north and south polygon 
 is forty-five yards, and the east and west polygon thirty-seven yards, 
 in perimeter. The bastions are built of saplings eight inches thick 
 and thirteen feet high, set stockade fashion. Parts of the curtains are 
 of liewn timber, laid lengthwise upon one another, which also make 
 one side of the barracks.' Inside the fort were six ranges of barracks, 
 two stories high^ with stone chimneys. Outside were long ranges of 
 barracks for soldiers."*- 
 
 As the object of these forts was not so much to form centres of 
 defensive or aggressive warfare, as depots for the stores landed from 
 the lake for trans[)ortation to Fort Duquesne, the real centre of oper- 
 ations, they were not, as Dr. Egle observes, remarkable either for 
 strength or engineering skill ; they had no earthworks of importance, 
 and were all on the same plan, though that of Machault was the 
 smaller of the three. *^ Their occupauts, with the exception of a 
 small garrison, were generally workmen, but this was more especially 
 true of Le Bœuf, where canoes and batteaux were prepared for the 
 transportation of troops, munitions and provisions to Fort Duquesne. 
 This part of the operations of the French was, properly speaking, 
 only the preparation for what they had in view ; the real work was 
 to be done at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela 
 rivers. 
 
 the colonial department in 1750 ; in 1794 was imprisoned by tlie Eevolutionary 
 government ; and died the same year at the age of ninety-three.— Jîistor!/ of Pennsyl- 
 vania, Egle, 1123, 1124. 
 
 '^^ History of Venango County, p. 44. 
 
 ^'History of Pennsylvania, Egle, p. 1122. 
 
24 TTie Frertch. tn. 
 
 Although tlie principal occupation of the colonies at this time 
 would appear to have been quarrelling between the governors who rep- 
 resented the proprietaries, and the assemblies that represented the 
 people, still there was one honest Scotcliman, Robert Dinwiddie, 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, who felt called upon to move iu 
 favor of the interests of the mother country. In November, 1753, 
 he sent Major George Wasliiugton, already great, though but a 
 youth, with dispatches to the commander of the Freucli forces in the 
 northeastern part of the State, to obtain from them a reason for their 
 encroachments on the soil of the colonies, as well as to learn as far as 
 possible their future purpose, and to make such observations of their 
 armament, &c., as his opportunities might afford.^ ^ No choice could 
 have been better, as no choice could have been better for any posi- 
 tion to which the same illustrious man was named. Traversing tiie 
 virgin forests as best he could, he reached the term of his journey, 
 and returned with such information as still further roused tiie zeal 
 of the sturdy Scotchman. A body of native soldiers was sent in 
 January, 1754, to throw up a fortification at " The Forks," as the 
 confluence of the Allegheny and Monongaliela was then called, the 
 pioneers of which arrived on the 17th of February, 1754, a memor- 
 able day iu our history, when the first attempt at a permanent set- 
 tlement of what is now the unrivaled manufacturing centre of 
 the world was laid."** A fortification, the main object of the ex- 
 pedition, was commenced at the confluence of the two streams. But 
 the French were not idle. Although not so successful as the English 
 in laying the foundations of permanent settlements, they were, as a 
 rule, more prompt in making their movements. With the opening 
 of spring, as we have seen, they were in the field, and, having com- 
 pleted Fort Machault, they descended the Allegheny in a fleet of 
 canoes and batteaux, to the number, variously estimated, but perhaps 
 little less than one thousand French, Canadians and Indians, with 
 eighteen cannon, in command of Contrecœur. It was the 16th of 
 April, 1754, and the English, but forty iu number, in command of 
 Eusio-n Ward, were summoned to an immediate surrender. Nothing 
 was left but to comply, and the French took possession of the un- 
 finished works. They immediately erected a fortification which 
 
 ^^Tht Olden Time, vol. I., p. 10. 
 5 Craig's History of Pittsburg, pp. 22, 23. 
 
 4 
 
yVestern. ^emxsylvccrvta. 25 
 
 was strengthened as time \vent ou and the danger of attack in- 
 creased, and which was named Fort Duciuesne, in honor of the 
 Governor-General of Canada. It was probably completed in tiie 
 early part of June.""' It was the key of tiie west, aud immediately 
 became the central point in tiie great struggle that was then inaug- 
 urated for the possession of the Ohio valley and the country beyond; 
 indeed, it would be but a trifling exaggeration to call it the central 
 point in tiie world's history at the time, being the bone of contention 
 , between the two greatest powers of Europe. The wiiole country 
 west of the Allegheny mountains was in the hands of the French 
 and the savages, whom they knew so well how to manage, and the 
 frontier was menaced by their presence. The efforts of the combined 
 forces of the English and the colonists to dislodge them are too well 
 known to require a detailed treatment. On tiie 9th of July, 1755, 
 the battle of the Monongaliela so disastrous to tiie English cause was 
 fought;^'' and from that time until the autumn of 1758 little appears 
 to have been done beyond guarding the frontiers as well as possible, if 
 we except the chronic struggle between the jtroprietary governors and 
 the assemblies in which the motto appears to have been : Beat the 
 governor, and then attack the French. 
 
 But the distance of the French from their base of supplies, and the 
 mutual jealousies of the rulers of New France,^® rendered the po- 
 sition of the garrison of Fort Duquesne one not to be envied; while 
 the slow but sure preparation of the mother country to dislodge them 
 could not but be a matter of apprehension; for English rule was si- 
 lently taking possession of the New World, although at the same time 
 pursuing a suicidal policy, as we shall see. Insignificant succes.ses 
 served to keep up the spirit of the French and maintain the attacli- 
 
 ^«TAe Olden Time, Vol. I., pp. 38, 39. 
 
 *'' History of Braddodi^s Expedition, p. 236, et seq. 
 
 ''^General Montcalm, writing to his friend the Chevalier de Bourlamaque, gives 
 the following picture of the condition of affairs at Fort Duquesne just before its fall : 
 " Mutiny among the Canadians, who want to come home ; the ofiicers busy with 
 making money, and stealing like mandarins. Their commander sets the example, 
 and will come back with tliree or four hundred thousand francs ; the pettiest ensign, 
 who does not gamble, will have ten, twelve, or fifteen thousand. The Indians don't 
 like Ligneris, who is drunk every day." — Montcalm and Wolf, vol. II., p. 168. 
 
 4 
 
26 TKe, Frercah. trh 
 
 ment of the Indians. But the whole policy of the French was erroneous, 
 and the fall of their power was only a question of time. The English 
 were advancing under General Forbes, and thougli their movements 
 M'ere slow, it was not solely due to the illness of the commander or 
 the difficulties of the route. It was well known that the Indians, al- 
 ways fickle, were wavering in their attachment to the French cause, 
 while the store of supplies for the whites was by no means large; a 
 delay would therefore serve the two-fold purpose of exhausting the 
 patience of the Indians and of making them withdraw, and exhausting 
 the provisions of the whites and making it necessary for them to dismiss 
 a part of their forces. Both purposes were subserved.^ ' And the defeat 
 of Major Grant witiiin less than a mile of the fort, September 14th, 
 1758, was due more to his imprudence than to the valor or vigilance 
 of his enemies ; while the attack of the French and Indians on the 
 English advanced forces near Ligonier, October 12th, produced no 
 permanent result. The fall of the French power in the west was cer- 
 tain from the time the English set out under Forbes; but the sur- 
 render of Fort Frontenac, at the outlet of Lake Ontario, August 
 27th °° by cutting off the supplies made it impossible to hold the place 
 long. On the 24th of November, 1758, the fort was blown up and 
 abandoned, and the French, numbering about four hundred, besides In- 
 dians, witiidrew, some down the Ohio, part across the country to 
 Presqu' Isle, and part with their commander, De I^igneris, to the fort 
 at the mouth of French creek. The following day the English took 
 possession of the smouldering ruins."' 
 
 The subjoined description of a fort which played so important a 
 part not only in tiie history of Pittsburg, but also in that of the 
 world, may not be uninteresting, especially to the many who have not 
 command of the few works in which it is to be found. It was given 
 witii a diagram of the fort and its buildings by John McKinney, who 
 was detained a prisoner in the fort in the fall of 1756 : " Fort Du- 
 quesue," he writes, "is situated on the east side of the Monougahela 
 in the fork between that and the Ohio (Allegheny). It is four square, 
 has bastions at each corner; it is about fifty yards long, and about 
 
 ^^ Montcalm and TFo^/', chapter XXII. 
 ^0 Montcalm and Wolf, vol. II., p. 128. 
 = ir/ie Olden Time, vol. I., pp. 182-185. 
 
'Western JPeTLnsyl^ranicc. 27 
 
 forty yards wide. . . About half the fort is made of square logs, 
 and the other half next the water of stockades; there are intrencli- 
 ments east up all around the fort, about seven feet high, which consist 
 of stockades driven into the ground near to each otlier and wottled 
 with poles like basket-work, against which the earth is thrown in a 
 gradual ascent; the steep part is next the fort, and has three steps all along 
 the intrenchnient, for the men to go up and down to fire at an enemy; 
 these intrenchments are about four rods from the fort and go all 
 around, as well on the side next the water, as the land ; the outside of 
 the intrenchment next the water joins to the water. The fort has two 
 gates, one of which opens to the land side, and the other to the water 
 side, where the magazine is built ; that to the land side is, in fact, a 
 drawbridge, which in daytime serves as a bridge for the people, and 
 in the night is drawn up by iron chains and level's. . . . Tiie 
 water sometimes rises so high as that the whole fort is surrounded 
 with it, so that canoes may go around it. . . The stockades are 
 round logs, better than a foot over, and about eleven or twelve feet 
 high ; the joints are secured by split logs; in the stockades are loop- 
 holes, made so as to fire slanting toward the ground. The bastions 
 are filled with earth, solid, about eight feet high ; each bastion has 
 four carriage guns, about four pounds ; no swivels, nor any mortars. 
 . . They have no cannon but at the bastions. . . There are no 
 pickets nor palisades on the top of the fort to defend it against scaling. 
 . . There are about twenty or thirty ordinary Indian cabins about 
 the fort." The subjoined description of the place as it appeared when 
 the English took possession of it, is from a letter of Captain John 
 Haslett ; " We arrived at six last night," (November 25, 1758,) he 
 says, " and found it in a great measure destroyed. There are two 
 forts, about two hundred yards distant ; the one small, built with im- 
 mense labor, but a great deal of strong works collected into very little 
 room, and stands on the narrow neck of land at the confluence of the 
 two rivers. 'Tis square, and has two ravel ings, gabions at each corner, 
 &c. The other fort stands on the banks of the Allegheny, in form of 
 a parallelogram, but nothing so strong as the other; several of 
 the outworks are lately begun and still unfinished. There are, I 
 think, thirty stacks of chimneys standing, the houses all burnt 
 down."^^ 
 
 "TAe Oldm Time, vol. L, pp. 39, 40 and 184, 185. 
 
28 TTxe. Frertclx trt 
 
 A few interesting questions here present themselves regarding Fort 
 Duquesne. Who planned the fort ; whence did it derive its name ; 
 where, precisely, was it located ; and who were its different command- 
 ers ? Fort Duquesne was planned by M. le Chevalier de Mercier, a 
 captain of artillery, who was engaged in a number of works of this 
 kind for the French in tlieir Canadian possessions. He is represented 
 as an officer of considerable ability, buta leecli on tiie public purse — 
 one of tlie large class that came to the New World with the determi- 
 nation of getting rich at any cost." ' The fort was named in honor of 
 the Marquis de Duquesne de Menueville, who succeeded the Marquis 
 de Jouquière as Governor-General of Canada, in the summer of 1752 ; 
 and was located in the Point, at the extreme end of the neck of land 
 between the two rivers.^'' 
 
 That Fort Duquesne was built by M. Pierre Claude de Contrecœur, 
 Esquire, Sieur de Beaudray, Captain of Infantry, and was under his 
 command for a time, lias never been called in question. But there is 
 no little dispute as to the time when he gave place to his successor. 
 It was formerly generally asserted that he was in command at the 
 time of the battle of the Monongahela, more commonly known as 
 Braddock's Defeat ; and that he was succeeded early in the spring of 
 1756 by M. John Daniel, Esquire, Sieur Dumas, Captain of Infantry. 
 It was fuither stated that he was by no means disposed to favor 
 Beaujeu's proposed attack upoii Braddock's army."'" But tiie dis- 
 covery of the Register, now published, would aj)pear to prove this long 
 entertained opinion erroneous; for in the entry of the latter's death, 
 he is said to be "commander of Fort Duquesne and of the army." 
 But on the other hand, there is not wanting evidence which would 
 so to show that Contrecœur was in command. He was commander 
 of the fort from the date of its construction, but in the winter of 
 ,1754_5^ lie asked to be relieved, and the Marquis Duquesne, the 
 Governor-General, dispatched Captain Beaujeu to relieve him, order- 
 ing him at the same time to remain at the fort until after the engage- 
 ment with the English."'' The conflicting statements may, perhaps, 
 be reconciled in one of two ways : Either Beaujeu had not yet 
 
 5 '"History of Braddock^s Expedition, p. 42, note. 
 
 '■'See diagram above, p. 6. 
 
 '^''History of Braddock's Expedition, p. 221, 222. 
 
 5'^ Mr. J. G. Shea in Pennsylvania Mag. of Hist, and Biog., 1884, pp. 123, 124. 
 
IVesterrL Fennsylvcintcc. 29 
 
 assumed command, and then he is spoken of in the Register as com- 
 mander by anticipation, as one who held the commission but had not 
 yet begun to exercise tiie duties of the office to which lie was appoint- 
 ed ; or else he was actually in command, as is stated in the Register, 
 but being: dead, Contrecœur could, without fear of contradiction, take 
 the honor of tlie victory to himself, and claim recognition from the 
 home government for his eminent services. We need not be sur- 
 prised at this statement, for it is well known that veracity was not among 
 the most eminent virtues of some of the representatives of France in 
 the New World. Nor would the Governor-General be likely to re- 
 fuse his countenance to the fraud, if proper influence were brought to 
 bear upon him.^'' I am at a loss which of these opinions to embrace, 
 but regard the latter as the more probable. The reader can choose 
 for himself. But whatever may be said of the commander at the time 
 of the battle, Contrecœur resumed command after that time. M. 
 Dumas was a subordinate officer under Beaujeu at the battle, and the 
 historian of General Braddock states tliat for his gallant conduct on 
 the occasion he " was early in the subsequent year promoted to suc- 
 ceed M. de Contrecœur in tlie command of Fort Duquesne.°® This 
 is a mistake. His name appears in the Register as commander at 
 least as early as September 18, 1755. 
 
 But while in the Register Contrecœur is styled "commander-in- 
 chief of the forts of Duqnesne, Presqu' Isle and the Ei-ver au 
 Bœufs," and Dumas, "commander-in-chief of the forts of Presqu' 
 Isle, the Eiver au Bœufs and Duquesne," Beaujeu is simply called 
 " commander of Fort Duquesne and of the army ;" which leads 
 me to infer that, if commander at all, he did not hold supreme 
 command as did the other two, but that his appointment was merely 
 provisional for Fort Duquesne and the army there, until such time as 
 another person could be named to the command of the French forces 
 in these parts. 
 
 "In the early autumn of 1757, (or perhaps sooner,") says the 
 author of the History of Braddock's Expedition, (p. 270,) " M. de 
 
 ^'For the corruption of Canadian officials see Montcalm and Wolf, passim. 
 ^'History 0/ Braddocl^s Expedition, p. 224, note. 
 
30 TTxe FreTLclx trc 
 
 Ligueris relieved Dumas in his commaud." 
 learn from the Register that M. de Ligueris was commander of Fort 
 Diiquesne as early as December 27, 1756. But in justice to the his- 
 torian of General Braddock, it must be stated that his work was pub- 
 lished before the Rec/ister was brought to light, and that consequently 
 he was deprived of the information which it contains. De Ligueris 
 retained command until the French were finally expelled from the 
 soil of Pennsylvania. 
 
 On abandoning the fort, about one hnndred of the French went 
 down the Ohio to the Illinois country, another hundred passed by 
 land to Presqu' Isle, and the remaining two hundred with de Lig- 
 neris went up the Allegheny to Venango. Fort Machault was 
 strengthened, and it was proposed to remain there until spring, and 
 defend the place, if attacked. With the opening of the river, an at- 
 tempt was to be made to retake the site of Fort Duquesne. Hav- 
 ing collected for that purpose a force of about seven hundred men and 
 a thousand Indians toward the end of June, they were about to em- 
 bark for the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela, when 
 word came that Fort Niagara was besieged. The importance of hold- • 
 ing that point induced the French to abandon Fort Machault and at- 
 tempt to conceutrate their forces there. They saw that their route to 
 the Mississippi by way of the Allegheny and Ohio was cut otï by the 
 capture of Fort Duquesne ; and if Niagara should also fall into the 
 hands of the enemy, all communication with the west would be broken. 
 The stores and munitions that had been collected at Machault for the 
 expedition against Fort Pitt, were either distributed among the Indians 
 or destroyed, while the large fleet of canoes and batteaux which was 
 intended for their transportation was burnt.^" 
 
 The forts of Le Bœuf and Presqu' Isle having served as relays 
 during the occupation of the valley of the Allegheny, lost their im- 
 portance with the fiill of the posts there, and were consequently 
 abandoned ; and the power of the French in Pennsylvania was ex- 
 tinguished forever. 
 
 The subsequent history of the French in North America is soon 
 told. Fort Niagara was captured on the 5th of August, 1759, and 
 
 ^^ History of Venango County, p. 61, 
 
r 
 
 Western ^ervrtsylvarLtcL, 31 
 
 with it the French were cut off from all commimication with the 
 west ; Quebec fell with the death of Montcalm, September 14, of the 
 same year; and with the capitulation of Montreal, September 8th, 
 1760, all the possessions of the French east of the Mississippi, fell 
 into the hands of the English. But as the star of the French dominion 
 sank below the western horizon, the sun of American Independence 
 rose glorious in the east. 
 
 A word on this apparent triumph of England and I have done. 
 
 Long before the expulsion of the French from Canada, thoughtful 
 minds on both sides of the Atlantic foresaw that such an event must 
 be the prelude to the freedom of the colonies. The presence of the 
 French there both retarded their progress as a nation, and made them 
 feel their dependence on the mother country ; and no one understood 
 this better than the French themselves. " We have caught them at 
 last," said Choiseul, to those around liini, on tiie definitive surrender 
 of New France ; and, at once giving up Louisiana to Spain, his eager 
 hopes anticipated the speedy struggle of America for separate exist- 
 ence. So soon as the sagacious and experienced Vergennes, the 
 French ambassador at Constantinople, heard the conditions of the 
 peace, he also said to his friends, and even openly to a British traveler: 
 " Tlie consequences of the entire cessation of Canada are obvious. I 
 am persuaded England will ere long repent of having removed the 
 only check that could keep her colonies in awe. They stand no longer 
 in need of her protection ; she will call on them to contribute towards 
 supporting the burdens they have helped to bring on her ; and they will 
 answer by striking off all dependence.""" Sixteen years later the 
 hall in Philadelphia resounded with the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 "History of the United States, — Bancroft, (centenary edition), vol. III., p. 305. 
 
32 TKe FreTLcTx in. 
 
 jffé él^e ^Ijrine of f^arq, oq " the ^eautiful f^ioer." 
 
 Celebrated by Rev. Denys Baron, at Pittsburg, April 17, 1754. 
 
 I. 
 
 The sun tla.shed up, on "the Beautiful Biver," 
 Changing its ripples to ruby wine; 
 
 It danced and glittered with many a quiver. 
 It flowed a-s smoothly as poet's rhyme, 
 
 And the grand hills stooped to the Elver's flow, 
 
 — The "Beautiful Biver,"— long ago! 
 
 II. 
 
 Deep, and silent, and heavy, and tall, 
 The forest swept to the water's edge ; 
 
 The wild deer fled at the eagle's call. 
 The wild fo.x crept through the laurel hedge. 
 
 And the hlue sky bent o'er the Biver's flow, 
 
 —The "Beautiful River,"— long ago! 
 
 III. 
 And then in the light of the April sun, 
 
 In the glorious flush of the morning sky, 
 A wonderful scene on the shore is hegun, 
 
 A scene half earth, half heaven brought nigh, 
 "While the musical waves of the Biver flow 
 Pa.st the wonderful vision— long ago! 
 
 Bed men how down on the humid sod, 
 "With the dark-eyed soldiers of sunny France, 
 
 And the vested priest of the living God, 
 Lifts the Sacred Host to their rev'rent glance, 
 
 And naught breaks the hush but the Biver's flow, 
 
 That April morning— long ago! 
 
'WesteT^n. Fercnsyl-varuia,. 33 
 
 'Tis the Holy Mass! in that wilderness! 
 
 And the leaf screened altar,-^our Lady's Shrine ;— ' 
 This virgin forest her name will bless 
 
 "With a title brought o'er the stormy brine, 
 "Our Lady's Assumption"! close to the flow 
 Of the "Beautiful Eiver"— long ago! 
 
 TI. 
 
 But the Bed men flee, and the warriors die, 
 And the smouldering ashes seem to tell 
 
 To the moaning silence as years roll by 
 That all is lost, and the name as well ; 
 
 But Faith has a seed that the Angels know 
 
 Sowed deep, by the " Beautiful Elver's " flow. 
 
 VII. 
 Sweet Mother of Mercy! 'twas thine, thine own, 
 
 This favored spot of a city's birth, 
 Ere our spangled flag to the world was known. 
 
 Or our cry of freedom awoke the earth, 
 Thine, was The Shrine at the Kiyer's flow 
 The "Beautiful Elver"— long ago! 
 
 VIII. 
 
 And thus, as the years roll on and pass, 
 
 We kneel at a sweet Memorial Shrine, 
 And our thoughts drift back to that First lone Mass, 
 
 When a stranger-tongue, called this chapel thine, 
 Where the Beautiful Eiver seemed to bless 
 "Mary's Firsts Shrine in the Wilderness"! 
 
 m V . , -,„„. Mercedes. 
 
 St. Xavier's, 1883. 
 
REGISTRES 
 
 DES 
 
 BAPTESMES 
 
 ET 
 
 SEPULTURES 
 
 qui SE SONT FAITS AU 
 
 Foi\T DuqUESNE, 
 
 Pendant les années 
 
 1753. 1754, 1755 & i75<^- 
 
 NOUVELLE YORK, ISLE DE MANATE, 
 
 De la Presse Cramoisy de Je an- marie Shea, 
 
 M. DCCC. LIX. 
 
REGISTER 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BAPTISMS 
 
 AND 
 
 INTERMENTS 
 
 WHICH TOOK PLACE AT 
 
 Foi\T DuqUESNE/ 
 
 Diu'ino; the years 
 
 & 
 
 753> '754. 1755. & '756. 
 
 NEW YORK, MANHATTAN ISLAND, 
 
 From the Cramoisy^ Press of John Gilmary Shea. 
 
 1859. 
 
36 Çt^eface. 
 
 AVANT=PROPOS. 
 
 ^^OMME Registre de paroisse, les jxiges suivantes ne mêriteroient 
 pas l'impression, mais ellessont d'un grand intérêt par la lumière 
 qu'elles jettent sxir la démarche hardie que firent les Français, en s' em- 
 parant de la langue de terre qui domine VOhio, après en avoir chassé 
 les Colons de la Virginie ; et ces pages deviennent surtout intéressantes 
 par les détaik curieux qu'elles fournissent sur la Bataille du Monon- 
 gahela, et son Héros Daniel LiéNARD, Sieur de Beaujeux. 
 
 Avant de marcher contre Braddock, on le voit ici se prosterner devant 
 l'autel, recevoir les sacrements, et se préparer â la mort. Evidemment, 
 a ne comptait pas revenir vainqueur de l'armée anglaise si importante et 
 si nombreuse ; mais en noble Fram ois il croyait devoir succomber dans 
 une lutte si inégale. Son courage et son dévouement ont inspiré à ses 
 guerriers des espérances au delà des siennes, et simple capitaine dans 
 les troupes de la Marine, il est mort au milieu de la mêlé, après avoir 
 remporté une des plus glorieuses victoires mentionnées dans les Annales 
 Francoises ; victoire si complète, que les historiens Anglois et Améri- 
 cains n'en font mention, que sous le nom de la Déroute de Braddock. 
 
 Il paroit que les troupes victorieuses portèrent au fort le corps de 
 leur commandant, et ne l'ayant enterré que 3 jours après la bataillie, 
 est à présumer qu'elles lui firent des obsèques pompeuses, quoiqu' à présent 
 il n'y a rien à montrer oh reposent les cendres de Beaujeux. 
 
S^efcLce. 37 
 
 PRKFACB.^ 
 
 yJS a parish register the folloioing pages would not merit publica- 
 tion ; but they are of great interest from the light they shed on 
 the daring step of the French in talcing possession of the point of 
 land lohich commands the Ohio, after having driven out the colonists 
 of Virginia ; and these pages become especially interesting on account 
 of the details they furnish of the battle of the Monongahela, and its hero, 
 Sieur de Beajeu . * 
 
 Before marching against Braddock he is seen prostrate before the 
 altar receiving the Sacraments and preparing himself for death. Evi- 
 dently he did not expect to return victorious over the English army, so 
 formidable and numerous ; but as a noble Frenchman he felt it his duty 
 to lay doivn his life in so unequal a contest. Hk courage and self-sac- 
 rifice inspired his warriors loith hopes beyond tiis own, and, though a 
 simple captain in the marine forces," he died in the midst of the con- 
 test, after having won one of the most glorious victories mentioned in 
 the French annals, a victory so complete that both English a;nd Ameri- 
 can historians mention it only under the name of BraddocMs Defeat. 
 
 It appears that the troops carried back to the fort the body of their 
 commander, and, not having buried it until three days after the battle 
 it is to be presumed that they rendered it the highest military honors, 
 although at present nothing marks the spot where repose the ashes of 
 Seaujeu. 
 
38 
 
 Itegzster of 
 
 ^XTRAIÏ general des Sepultures, mariages et Baptésnies qui se 
 »fis\ ^°"*' ^^^^ pendant la campagne de la Belle Rivière, parafe et 
 <■'♦«—« signé Marin, l'original desquels est resté au fort Duquesne à 
 la Belle Rivière, sous le titre de l'Assomption de la Ste. Vierge. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 Jean Bap. 
 
 Teiier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 
 Jean 
 
 Francois 
 
 Aubert 
 
 L'an mile sept cinquante trois le onsieme de Juliet est 
 
 décédé dans le dit parti Jean Baptiste Texier de la paroisse 
 
 de Montreal mary de Charlote Cabassier veuve de feu La 
 
 Souche, après avoir été confessé reeeu le St. Viatique et le 
 
 sacrement de l'extrême onction, son corp-î a été inhumé 
 
 avec les cérémonies accoutumées dans un endroit du camp 
 
 de la presqu'île destiné pour le cimitière En foy de quoi 
 
 j'ai signé 
 
 fr. Gabriei, Anheuser 
 
 p" recolet aumônier du party. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante trois le dernier de Juliet 
 est décédé dans le dit party Jean Francîois Aubert de la 
 paroisse de St. Oharle de Sedan, diocese de Reims soldat de 
 la compagnie de Dumas après avoir été confessé receu le 
 St. Viatique et le sacrement d'extrême onction son corps 
 a esté inhumé avec les cérémonies ordinaires dans un en- 
 droit du camp de la presqu'île destiné pour le cimitière 
 
 en foy de quoy j'ai signé 
 
 fr Denys Baron P. R. 
 aumônier dans le dit party, 
 f. Gabriel Anheuser 
 p"' R. aumônier du party. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante trois, le vint d'Août est 
 Sepulture décédé dans le dit party St. George soldat de la compagnie 
 St. George de Fouville, incorporé dans le detachment de M'' La 
 soldat Ronde, son corps a été inhumé avec les cérémonies ordi- 
 naires dans androit du Civmp de la Riviere aux beufs des- 
 tiné pour le cimitière. 
 
 f. Gabriel Anheuser 
 
 P. R. Aumônier 
 
Wort DzLQTzesne. 
 
 39 
 
 i^^ENERAL extract from the interments, marriages" and bap- 
 ^K tisms whicli took place during the campaign of the Beau- 
 -^^M tiful River, ■^ flourished and signed, Marin, « the original' of 
 whicli°is preserved in Fort Duquesne at the Beautiful River, under 
 the title of the Assumption of tlie Blessed Virgin. 
 
 In the vear one thousand seven hundred and fifty-three, Inierment 
 
 ,01 John 
 
 on the eleventh of July, died, in the said "> detachment, 
 
 Baptist 
 Texier. 
 
 Interment 
 of John 
 Francis 
 Aubert. 
 
 John Baptist Texier of the parish of Montreal, husband 
 of Charlotte Cabassier, widow of the late La Souche, 
 after having confessed, received the Holy Viaticum and 
 the sacrament of Extreme Unction. His remains were 
 interred with the customary ceremonies in that portion of 
 the camp of Presqu' Isle, set apart for a cemetery. In 
 testimony whereof I have signed. 
 
 Friar Gabriel Anheuser, ' ' 
 Recollect ' - priest, chaplain of the detachment. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-three, 
 on the last day of July, died in the said detachment John 
 Francis Aubert, of the parish of St. Charles of Sedan, in 
 the diocese of Rheims, a soldier of the company of 
 Dumas,' ^ after having confessed, received the Holy Viati- 
 cum and Extreme Unction. His remains were interred 
 with the customary ceremonies in that portion of the 
 camp of Presqu' Isle, set apart for a cemetery. In testi- 
 
 mouv whereof I have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baeon, P. R., ' ^ 
 
 Chaplain with said detachment. 
 
 Fr. Gabriel Anheuser, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain of the detachment. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-three, 
 on the twentieth of August, died in the said detachment. Interment 
 St. George a soldier of the company of Fouville, incor- George, 
 porated into the detachment of Mr. La Ronde. His re- soldier, 
 mains were interred with the customary ceremonies in that 
 part of the camp of French creek, ' ° set apart for the 
 cemetery. Fr. Gabriel Anheuser, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
40 
 
 Jtegister» of 
 
 Sepulture 
 de la 
 
 franchise 
 soldat. 
 
 L'an mille sept ceut cinquaute trois le sixième septem- 
 bre est décédé le nommé Etienne dit La franchisse cor- 
 poral de la compagnie de Fouville incorporé dans celle de 
 Ml' La Ronde, après avoir esté confessé et receu le sacre- 
 ment d'extrême onction son corps a esté inhumé avec les 
 cérémonies ordinaries dans le cimitière de la Rivière aux 
 Bœufs le sixiesme jour du dit moy et an que dessus on foy 
 de quoi j'ai signé 
 
 f. Gabriel Anheusee 
 
 ?"•» R. Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 
 Jerome 
 
 auge 
 
 habitant 
 
 de la 
 
 paroisse 
 
 de la 
 pointe 
 
 aux 
 trembles 
 de quebee 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante trois le seiz Septembre est 
 décédé dans le fort de la Rivière aux bœufs Jérôme Auge 
 habitant de la pointe aux trembles de québec après avoir 
 receu les sacremens de pénitence de viatique et d'extrême 
 onction son corps a esté inhumé dans le lieu destiné pour 
 le cimitière et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous 
 ptre Recolet soussigné aumônier au dit fort et pendant la 
 campagne de la belle Rivière en foy ele quoy avons signe 
 
 fr. Denys Baron 
 p. R. Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 Mr Marin 
 Comman- 
 dant gen- 
 eral de 
 l'armée de 
 la belle 
 Rivière. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante trois le vint neuf Octobre 
 est décédé sur les quatre heures et demie du soir dans le fort 
 de la Rivière aux bœufs sous le titre de St. Pierre Monsieur 
 Pierre paul e.scuyer Sieur de Marin chevalier de l'orde mili- 
 taire et royal de St. Ijouis capitaine d'y nfenterie et commend- 
 ant général de l'armée de la Belle Rivière après avoir reçue 
 les sacremens de pénitence d'extrême onction et de viatique 
 âgé de soixante et trois ans son corps a esté inhumé dans 
 le cimitière du mesme fort par nous preste Recolet aumô- 
 nier du dit tort et pendant la campagne de la belle Riviere 
 ont estes present a son inhumation Monsieur de Repentigny 
 commandant de la susdite armée et capitaine d'infenterie 
 de Messieurs du muys lieutenant dynfenterie Beuois lieu- 
 
Fort 'Du.qzLesrLe. 41 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fi fty-three, Interment 
 on the sixtli of September, died, Stephen, siirnamed La Stephen, 
 Franchisse,"' a corporal in the company of Fouville, incor- Soldier. 
 porated into that of Mr. La Ronde, after liaving confessed 
 and received the sacrament of Extreme Unction. His re- 
 mains were interred with tiie customarj^ ceremonies in the 
 cemetery of Fi-ench creek, on the sixth day of tiie said 
 month and year a? above. In testimony wliereof I iiave 
 signed ; 
 
 Fr. Gabriel Anheuser, P. E., 
 
 Cliaplaiu. 
 
 In tlie year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-three, 
 on the sixteenth of September, died at tiie fort of French interment 
 creek, Jerome Ange, an inhabitant of tiie Point an Trera- of .Jerome 
 bie (in tlie province) of Quebec, after liaving received tiie inhabitant 
 sacraments of Penance, the Viaticum and Extreme Unction. "Î ^''^ 
 
 TT ■ • 1-11 (. parish ot 
 
 His remains were interred in tlie place set apart for a ceme-. the Point 
 tery, and that with the customary ceremonies, by us, the «■^"■^ Trem- 
 undersigned Recollect priest, chaplain of the said fort Qnebec. 
 and during the campaign''' of the Beautiful Eiver. In 
 testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-three, 
 
 on the twenty-ninth of October at half-past four in the interment 
 
 evening, died in the fort of French creek, under the title ,^ °*' . 
 
 r-ciTi loK/r • T-> -nwiT-.. f-,. •"I'^- Mann, 
 
 ot St. Peter,"* Monsieur Peter Paul, Esquire, Sieur de Comman- 
 
 Mariii," Chevalier (Knight) of the royal military order pu-'^'f"^ 
 of St. Louis, Captain of Infantry and Commander-in- the army of 
 Chief of the army of the Beautiful River, aged sixty- "fuj fifver" 
 three years, after having received the sacraments of 
 Penance, Extreme Unction, and the Viaticum. His re- 
 mains were interred in the cemetery of the same fort, by 
 us, Recollect priest, chaplain of the said fort and during 
 the campaign of the Beautiful River. There were present 
 at his interment Monsieur Repentigny, commander of the 
 
 6 
 
42 
 
 Siegister^ of 
 
 teuant dynfenterie de sirablitn major au susdit fort Laforce 
 garde des magazins lesquels ont signe avec nous 
 
 Le Gardeur de Eepentigny 
 Laforce Beuois du muys 
 J. Depré Simblim 
 
 fr. Denys Baron 
 p'" recolet Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de Louis 
 Rivare 
 habitant 
 
 de paroisse 
 de 
 
 St. Charles 
 dans de 
 Riviere 
 de 
 
 Charably. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le neuf febvrier est 
 decedé dans le fort de la rivière aux bœufs sous le titre de 
 S' Pierre, Louis Rivare garçon habitant de la paroisse de 
 S' Charle en la Riviere de Chambly âgé d'environ de vint 
 cinq ans après avoire receu les .sacremens de penitence de 
 viatique et d'extrem onction : son corps a esté iniiumé 
 avec les ceremonies dans le cimitièredu susdit fort par nous 
 prestre Recolet soussigné aumônier au dit tort et pendant 
 la campagne de la belle Rivière en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron 
 p. R. Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 
 Guiaulme 
 
 Thybeault 
 
 garçon 
 
 habitant 
 
 de la 
 
 paroisse de 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 dit La 
 
 pointe a la 
 
 Caille au 
 
 bas de 
 Quebec. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le Ouz de mars 
 est décédé dans le fort de la Rivière aux bœufs sous le titre 
 de St. Pierre guiaulme Tiiybeault garçon habitant de la 
 paroisse de St. Thomas ditte La pointe a la caille au bas de 
 quebec âgé d'environ de vint huit ans après avoir receu les 
 saints sacremens de penitence dEucaristie et d'extrem 
 onction son corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitiere du susdit 
 fort par nous preste Recolet soussigné aumônier du Roy 
 au dit fort et pendant la campagne de la Belle Rivière 
 en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron p. R. 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fovt ^jxqjxesTxe, 
 
 43 
 
 above meutioiied army and captain of infantry ; Messieurs 
 du Mnys, lieutenant of infantry; Benois, lieutenant of in- 
 fantry; de Simblim, major at the abovementioned fort ; 
 (and) Laforce,*" guard of the magazine, who signed with us. 
 
 Le Gardeuk de Repentigny, 
 Laforce, Benois, du Muys, 
 
 J. DEPRé SiMBLIM. 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one tiiousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 on the ninth of February, died in the fort of French 
 creek, under the title of St. Peter, Louis Rivare, unmar- 
 ried, a member of the parish of St. Charles on the Cliam- 
 bly river, aged about twenty-five years, after having re- 
 ceived the sacraments of Penance, the Viaticum and Ex- 
 treme Unction. His remains were interred witii the cere- 
 monies 'in the cemetery of the abovementioned fort by us. 
 Recollect priest, the undersigned chai)]ain of the said fort 
 and during tiie campaign of the Beautiful River. Li tes- 
 timony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baeon, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 
 of 
 Louis 
 
 Rivare, 
 a member 
 
 of the 
 
 parish of 
 
 St. Charles, 
 
 on the 
 
 Chambly 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 ot the eleventh of March, died in the fort of French 
 creek, under the title of St. Peter, William Thybeault, 
 unmarried, a member of the parish of St. Thomas, called 
 Quail Point, below Quebec, aged about twenty- eight years 
 after having received the sacraments of Penance, the 
 Eucharist and Extreme Unction. His remains were in- 
 terred in the cemetery of the abovementioned fort by us, 
 Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King, at 
 the said fort and during the campaign of the Beautiful 
 River. In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain.*' 
 
 Interment 
 
 of 
 
 William 
 
 Thybeault, 
 
 unmarried, 
 
 of the 
 
 parish of 
 
 St. Thomas, 
 
 called 
 
 Quail Point 
 
 below 
 
 Quebec. 
 
44 Jtegister of 
 
 Sepulture L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le vint juin est 
 
 saint Boyer decedé dans le fort Duquesne à la Belle Riviere, toussaint 
 
 dit Bien- Boyer dit bientourné earcon habitant de St. Pierre en la 
 
 tourne .., ,,,,,.. n . i 
 
 garçon prairie de Ja Magdeleine age de vint deux ans ou environ 
 St p"'- ajir&s avoir receu les S*" sacremens de penitence de viatique 
 en la et d'extrem onction son corps a esté inhumé dans de lieu 
 '^'^Magde^ ^ destiné pour cimitière au dit fort et cela avec les cere- 
 leine. monies ordinaires par nous preste Recolet sousigné aumô- 
 nier au dit fort et pendant la campagne de la Belle rivière 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron p*'" R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le quinze de juliet 
 
 Sepulture g^^. jgcedé dans le fort duquesne dejardin garçon habi- 
 
 Dejardin tant de Ste. Rose de Lima en lisle jesus âgé denviron de 
 Ste''Kose^ vint trois ans après avoir receu les Sts Sacremens de peni- 
 de tence et dextrem onction son corps a esté inhumé dans le 
 
 lisle de ^'^^ destiné pour cimitière et cela avec les ceremonies or- 
 Jesus. dinaires par nous preste Recolet soussigné aumônier au dit 
 fort en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron p. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquente quatre le trois août est 
 
 Sepulture decedé dans le fort duquesne Joseph del isle garçon habi- 
 
 Joseph *^^"^ ^^ longueuille âgé d'environ de vint six ans après 
 
 Delisle avoir receu les saints sacrements de penitence et d'extrem 
 
 liabitant onction SOU corps a este inhumé dans le lieu destine pour le 
 
 ^'^ cimitière et cela avec les cérémonies ordinaires par nous 
 
 Longueuille ,-.1 ■ , ■ t,/>. c ^ 
 
 preste Kecolet sous signe aumônier au dit lort en toy de 
 quoy avons signé 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron p. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fovt Œ)vLqvLe.sne, 45 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, Interment 
 on the twentieth of June, died in Fort Duquesne on the Toussaint 
 Beautiful River, Toussaint, (All saints,) Boyer, styled Bi- ^?^^\. 
 entourné, unmarried, an inhabitant of St. Peter's on entoumé" 
 the prairie de la Magdeleine, aged twenty-two years, or there- "nmarried, 
 abouts, after having received the sacraments of Penance tant of 
 the Viaticum and Extreme Unction. His remains were ^'o^th"'^ 
 interred in the place set apart for the cemetery at the said prairie de 
 fort, and that with the customary ceremonies, by us, Eec- '''i^nf.'^^' 
 ollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of said fort and 
 during the campaign of the Beautiful River. Thus we have 
 signed : Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 
 on the fifteenth of July, died in Fort Duquesne, — Interment 
 
 -De Jardin, an inhabitant of St. Rose of Lima, on the De Jardin, 
 Isle of Jesus, aged about twenty-three years, after hav- ""alît^'of'" 
 ing received the sacraments of Penance and Extreme St. Eose 
 Unction. His remains were interred in the place set apart "h^Me of 
 for the cemetery, and that with the customary ceremonies J*^'*"^. 
 by us. Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the 
 said fort. In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. E., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 
 on the third of August, died in Fort Duquesne, Joseph Interment 
 
 Delisle, unmarried, an inhabitant of Longueville, aged Joseph 
 
 about twenty-six years, after having received the sacra- Delisle 
 
 I £■ n IT-. T-r unmarried, 
 
 raents ot Penance and Extreme Unction. His remains an inhabi- 
 
 were interred in the place set apart for the cemetery, and Lo"n ul- 
 
 that with the customary ceremonies, by us, Recollect priest, ville. 
 
 the undersigned chaplain of the said fort. In testimony 
 
 whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
46 
 
 Register of 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 d'Ambroise 
 
 Boivin 
 
 homme 
 
 marié 
 
 habitant 
 
 de 
 La Baie 
 
 St. Paul au 
 bas de 
 Quebec. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le sixième d'Août 
 est decedé dans le fort duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomp- 
 tion de la Ste Vierge Ambroise boivin liomme marié 
 habitant de la baye de St. Paul au bas de quebee après 
 avoir receu les Sts saci-emens de pénitence et d'extrem 
 onction son corps a été inhumé dans le lieu destiné pour 
 le cimitière et cela avec les cérémonies ordinaires par nous 
 prestre Recolet soussigné Aumônier du Roy au dit fort eu 
 foy de quoy avons signé. 
 
 fr. Deny.s Baron p. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Nous Capitaine d'ynfenterie commandant general du party de la 
 belle Rivière des forts de la presqu'ille de la rivière aux bœufs et de 
 celui de duquesne certifions que les extraits cy dessus sont conformes 
 à l'original fait au fort duquesne le dix daout mille sept cent cin- 
 quante quatre. 
 
 Vn 
 Contrecœur. 
 
Fort JDvLgvLesThe. 
 
 47 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 on the sixth of August, died at Fort Duquesne, under the 
 title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin,^ ^ (a man) 
 named Ambrose Boivin, married, an inhabitant of the 
 bay of St. Paul, below Quebec, after having received the 
 holy sacraments of Penance and Extreme Unction. His 
 remains were interred in the place set apart for the cem- 
 etery,^ ^ and that with the customary ceremonies, by us, 
 Kecollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King, at 
 the said fort. In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R. 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 
 of 
 
 Ambrose 
 
 Boivin, 
 
 married, an 
 
 inhabitant 
 
 of the Bay 
 
 of St. Paul, 
 
 below 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 We, Captain of Infantry, Conmiander-in-Chief of the detach- 
 ment of the Beautiful River, of tlie forts of Presqu' Isle, French 
 creek, ^"^ and Duquesne, certify that the above extracts conform 
 to the original made at Fort Duquesne on the tenth of August, one 
 thousand seven hundred and fifty-four. 
 
 Approved, 
 
 Contrecœur. 
 
48 Register of 
 
 ij^^E present Registre contenaut cinq feuillets blancs non comoris 
 ^Ipl le présent a esté cotté et paraphé par nous capitaine dynfenterie 
 ï<« comraendant général du party de la Belle Rivière des forts de la 
 presquille de la rivière aux Bœufs et de celuy de duquesne, lequel 
 servira à enregistrer les extrais mortuaires baptêmes et sepultures qui se 
 seront au dit fort duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de la Ste 
 Vierge lequel l'egistre servira au dits enregistremens pendant le 
 restant de cette année mille septcent cinquante quatre. 
 
 Fait double au fort duquesne le trante et un d'août mille septcent 
 cinquante quatre. 
 
 Fort duQuesne Riv^'*^ Oïo, 
 
 Contrecœur. 
 
 Sepulture L'an mille sejtt cent cinquante quatre le six Septembre 
 
 T Tj est decedé au fort duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption 
 Jean Jtieau _ i ' 
 
 garçon liab- de la Ste Vierge à la belle Rivière le nommé J. beau 
 la Kiviere I'^bitaut dans la riviere de Ciiambly Seignenry de Cou- 
 de Chambly trecœur, lequel estoit âgé de vint ans ou environ après 
 seigneur}' . , . , , ., , . . 
 de Contre avou' receu les saints sacremens de penitence de viatique 
 
 Cœur. gt d'extrême onction son corps a esté inhume dans le 
 ciraitière du même fort et cela avec les ceremonies ordi- 
 naires par nous preste Recolet sous signé aumônier du Roy 
 au dit fort Duquesne ainsi avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le douze septem- 
 Sepulture bre est decedé au fort duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomp- 
 petit Marin *'°" ''^ ^^ ^^® Vierge ;i la belle Revière Henry Marin 
 domestique domestique de M^' Drouliou âgé de quinze ans au environ 
 Droulion. après avoir receu les Sts Sacremens de penitence, de via- 
 tique et d'extrem onction son corps a esté inhumé dans le 
 ciraitière du susdit fort et cela avec les ceremonies ordi- 
 naires par nous preste Recolet sous signé aumônier du Roy 
 au dit fort ainsi avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort 'DvLgjxesne.. 49 
 
 ^jHP: present Eegister, containing five blank leaves, not including 
 
 •^3S *'^''^ ""^' '^^^ ^^*^" arranged and signed by us, Captain of In- 
 iS-/* fantry, Commander-in-Chief of tlie detachment of the Beauti- 
 ful River, of the forts of Presqu' Isle, French creek,- ^ and Duquesne ; 
 which will serve to register the mortuary extracts,- ^^ baptisms, and 
 interments, which will take place at the said Fort Duquesne, under 
 the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, which Eegister 
 will serve for the said registration during the remainder of this year, 
 one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four. 
 
 A duplicate of this (register) was made at Fort Duquesne on the 
 thirty-first of August, in the year one thousand seven hundred and 
 fifty-four. Contrecœur. 
 
 Fort Duquesne, Ohio Eiver. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, Interment 
 on the sixth of September, died at Fort Duquesne, nuder joh„°Beai 
 the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the unm"rritd"' 
 Beautiful River, (a man) named John Beau, an inhabitant ""n/al'the" 
 at the Chambly river. Seigniory of Contrecœur,- " ^ho Uiambh- 
 was aged twenty year^ or thereabout, after having received Se'ignloiy 
 the sacraments of Penance, the Viaticum and Extreme of^ontrë- 
 Unction. His remains were interred in the cemetery of *'*"'^' 
 the same fort, and that with the customary ceremonies, by 
 us, Eecollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at 
 the said Fort Duquesne. Thus we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Dbnys Baron, P. E., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 on the twelfth of September, died at Fort Duquesne, Interment 
 
 under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Vire'in ,•.„ °L • 
 
 iii-n.-pi-n.- TT ,,. " little Mann 
 
 at tlie Beautiful Eiver, Henry Mann, servant of Mr. servant of 
 
 Droulion, aged fifteen years, or thereabout, after having ^^''ii^n""" 
 received the sacraments of Penance, the Viaticum and 
 Extreme Unction. His remains were interred in the 
 cemetery of the abovementioned fort, and that with the 
 customary ceremoaies, by us, Eecollect priest, the under- 
 signed chaplain of the King at the said fort. Thus we 
 have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. E., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
50 
 
 Register of 
 
 Sepulture 
 de 
 Josepli 
 Brochus 
 garçon hab- 
 itant de 
 St. Michel 
 au bas de 
 Quebec. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le quinze Sep- 
 tembre est decedé au fort duquesne sous le titre de l'As- 
 somption de la Ste Vierge à la belle Riviere le nommé 
 Joseph Broclius de la paroisse de St. Michel au bas de 
 Quebec âgé d'environ vingt trois ans ou environ a])rès 
 avoir receu les Sts Sacremens de penitence, de viatique et 
 d'extrem onction son corps a esté inhumé dans le cimi- 
 tière du même fort par nous pte Recolet soussigné aumôn- 
 ier du Roy au dit fort ainsi nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Bakon P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an raille sept cent cinquante quatre le sixe de Septem- 
 Sepulture bre est decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomp- 
 Francois t'on de la Ste Vierge a la Belle Riviere francois de l'orme 
 Delorme estant maître charpentier au fort Duquesne et natif de la 
 
 charpentier . 
 
 an fort paroisse du Sault au Recolet, âgé de trente ans ou environ 
 
 Duquesne. gpj.j,g avoir recue les sacremens de penitence, de viatiq et 
 
 d'extrem onction sou corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitiere 
 
 du même fort et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires par 
 
 nous ptre Recolet sous signé aumônier du Roy au susdit 
 
 . fort ainsi avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 SepuUiiie 
 
 de 
 
 Alexandre 
 
 Marquis de 
 
 la paroisse 
 
 de 
 
 C'amonr- 
 
 aska 
 
 au bas de 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquaute quatre le trente Octobre 
 est decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption 
 de la Ste Vierge a la belle Riviere Alexandre Marquis de 
 la paroisse de Camouraskas au bas de Quebec, âgé de vingt 
 cinq ans ou environ après avoir receu les sts sacremens de 
 penitence de viatique et d'extrem onction son corps a esté 
 inhume dans le cimitiere du même fort et cela avec les céré- 
 monies ordinaires par nous preste Recolet soussigné Au- 
 mônier du Roy au dit fort ainsi nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort 'JJizg^izesT^e. 
 
 51 
 
 In tlie year one thousand seven linndred and fifty-four, 
 on the fifteentli of September, died at Fort Duquesne, 
 under the title of tiie Assumption of the Blessed Virgin 
 at the Beautiful River, (a man) named Joseph Brochus, of 
 the Parish of St. Michael, below Quebee, aged twenty- 
 tliree years, or thereabout, after having received the sacra- 
 ments of Penance, the Viaticum and Extreme Unction. 
 His remains were interred in the cemetery of tiie same 
 fort, by us, Eecollect priest, the undei'signed chaplain of 
 the King at the said fort. Thus we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 on the sixteenth of September, died at Fort Duquesne, 
 under the title of the Assumjition of the Blessed Virgin 
 at the Beautiful River, Francis de L'Orme, being master 
 carpenter at Fort Duquesne, and a native of the parish of 
 the Sault an Recollect, aged thirty years, or tliereabout, 
 after liaving received the sacraments of Penance, the 
 Viaticum and Extreme Unction. His remains were in- 
 terred in the cemetery of the same fort, and that with the 
 customary ceremonies, by us. Recollect jJi'iest, the under- 
 signed chaplain of the King at the abovementioned fort. 
 Thus we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baeon, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 lu the year one thousand seven liuudred and fifty-four, 
 on the thirteenth of October, died at Fort Duquesue, 
 under the title of the Assumption of tlie Blessed Virgin 
 at the Beautiful River, Alexander Marquis, of the parish 
 of Camouraskas, below Quebec, aged twenty-five years, 
 or thereabout, after having received the holy sacraments 
 of Penance, the Viaticum and Extreme Unction. His 
 remains were interred in the cemetery of the same fort, 
 and that with the customary ceremonies, by us. Recollect 
 priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at the said 
 fort. Thus we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 of 
 Josepli 
 Broclms, 
 unmarried, 
 an inhabit- 
 ant of 
 St. Mi-rhael, 
 beloH- 
 Quebec. 
 
 Interment 
 of 
 Francis 
 de L'Orme, 
 carpenter at 
 Fort Du- 
 quesne. 
 
 Interment 
 
 of 
 Alexander 
 Marquis, 
 
 of the 
 parish of 
 Camouras- 
 kas, below 
 Quebec. 
 
52 
 
 Register of 
 
 Baptême L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le trois Noveni- 
 Denise t)i'6 ^ esté baptisé avec les cérémonies ordinaires Denise 
 
 Sauvagesse gauvagesse Louve âgé de douze ans ou environ laquelle 
 Louve. , . . ^ , , Ti 1 
 
 (lesiroit ardament le st baptême que nous preste Kecolet 
 
 soussigné Aumônier du Roy du fort Duquesne le luy 
 
 avons administré en foy de quoy nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante quatre le cinq Novem- 
 
 Sepultuie bre est decedé auprès du fort Duquesne Denise Sauvagesse 
 
 Denise Louve âgé de douze ans ou environ ayant esté baptisée 
 
 Sauvagesse deux jours auparavant son corps, a este inhumé dans le 
 
 ciniitière du fort Duquesne et cela avec les ceremonies 
 
 ordinaii-es par nous ptre Recolet soussigné Aumônier du 
 
 Roy au dit fort en foy de quoy nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort Dtzgu-esne. 
 
 53 
 
 In tlie year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 en the third of November, was ba})tized witli the custom- 
 ary ceremonies, Denise,-^ a Loup (Mohegan) Indian, aged 
 twelve years, or thei'eabout, who ardently desired holy 
 baptism, which we, Recollect priest, the undersigned chap- 
 lain of the King at Fort Duquesne, administered to her. 
 In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. E., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Baptism 
 
 , °^ 
 Denise, a 
 
 Loup 
 
 Indian. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, 
 on the fifth of November, died near Fort Duquesne, 
 Denise, a Loup (Mohegan) Indian, aged twelve years, or 
 thereabout, who had been baptized two days before. Her 
 remains were interred in the cemetery of Fort Duquesne, 
 and that with the customary ceremonies, by us. Recollect 
 priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at the said 
 fort. In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 
 Denise, a 
 Loup In- 
 dian. 
 
54 Regtstev of 
 
 |î^^E present Registre contenant sej)t feiiliets blancs non compris le 
 Jj^ pi'ésent a esté cette et paraphé par nous capitaine dynfenterie com- 
 ^*^ mendant en chef des forts Diiquesne de la presqu'ille et de la 
 Riviere aux bœufs lequel servira a enregistrer Les baptêmes, mariages 
 et sepultures qui se seront au dit fort Duquesne à la belle Riviere sous 
 le tistre de L'Assomption de la très S**^ Vierge et cela pendant la 
 présente année mille sept cent cinquante cinq Lequel Registre a esté 
 remis au père Denys Baron i^^ Recolet aumônier du Roy au fort 
 Duquesne fait au dit fort le premier janvier mille sejjt cinquante 
 cinq 
 
 Contrecœur. 
 Fort Duquesne, R'"^ Oïo. 
 
 Sepultm-e L'an mille sept cent cinquante cincj le trois de 
 
 Pierre' Lan- jiiï>vier dans le fort Duquesne, à la belle Riviere sous le 
 
 gevingar- titre de L'Assomption de la très S*'' Vierge est decedé 
 liabitant de Pierre Langeviu garçon habitant de la paroissee de L'im- 
 la paroisse maculée Conception ditte La pointe Olivier a Chambly 
 
 de L imma- • i of n t ■ n • 
 
 culée Con- après avou' receu les O^'^ Sacremeus de penitence de via- 
 
 ,?^P'^°" tique et d'extrem onction son corps a esté inhumé dans le 
 
 pointe Cimitiere du même fort et cela avec les ceremonies ordin- 
 
 Chamblv^ aires par nous ptre Recolet aumônier du Roy au dit Fort 
 
 en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 t. ,, L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le quinze janvier 
 
 de dans le fort Duquesne à la belle Rivière sous le titre de 
 
 Texier "ar- l'Assomption de la très S*"^ Vierge esté decedé Pierre Toxier 
 
 çon habit- garcon habitant de la paroisse de S*'' Aune, seignerie deGa- 
 
 paroisse de tiueaux du gouvernement des Trois Rivieres âgé d'environ 
 
 Ste. Anne ^q yiut sept ans, après avoir receu les 8** Sacremens de 
 Seignerie . , . . 
 
 de penitence de viatique et a extrem onction son corps a esté 
 
 Gatmeaus i,jijm^^5 daus le cimitiere du mesme fort et cela par nous 
 
 gouverne- pte Recolct premier aumônier du Roy au dit fort Dû- 
 ment des 3 i j • ' 
 Rivières. Çt^esne : en loy de quoy avons signe 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort Q^TzgriiesTie. 55 
 
 ^^^iJHE present Register, containing seven blank leaves, not in- 
 ^Av5 eluding this one, has been arranged and signed by us. Captain 
 L^OiQ of Infantry, Comruander-in-Chief of forts Duquesne,. Presqu' 
 Isle, and French creek, which will serve to register the baptisms, 
 marriages and interments which may take place at the said Fort Du- 
 quesne at the Beautiful River, under the title of the Assumption of 
 tlie most Blessed Virgin, during the present year, one thousand seven 
 hundred and fifty-five ; which register is entrusted to Fatlier Denys 
 Baron, Recollect priest, chaplain of the King at Fort Duquesne. 
 Made at the said fort on the first of January, in the year one tliou- 
 sand seven (hundred) and fifty-five. Couteecœue. 
 
 Fort Duquesne, OJiio River. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five. Interment 
 
 of* I*6t6r 
 
 on the third of January, in Fort Duquesne, under the title Langevin, 
 of the Assumi)tion of the most Blessed AT'irgin, died Peter "nmariied, 
 Laugevui, unmarried, an inhabitant of the parish of the ant of tlie 
 Immaculate Conception, called the Point Olivier on tiie P""'*'^ «f 
 
 1^ _ ' _ tlie Immac- 
 
 Cliambly, after having received the holy sacraments of ulate Con- 
 Penance, tiie Viaticum and Exti-eme Unction. His re- calfedThe 
 mains were interred in the cemetery of the same fort, and Point Oli- 
 that with the customary ceremonies, by us. Recollect priest, chkrablv. 
 the undersigned chaplain of the King at the said fort- 
 in testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Cliaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 
 on the fifteenth of January, in Fort Duquesne at the ^"^'^p"®°' 
 
 Beautiful River, under the title of the Assumption of the Texier, 
 
 most Blessed Virgin, died Peter Texiei-, unmarried, an in- nnma™?. 
 o _' ' _ '_ an mliivbit- 
 
 habitant of the parish of St. Anne in the Seigniory of ant of the 
 
 Gatiueaux, in the government of Three Rivers, aged ^^ Anne 
 
 about twenty-seven years, after having received the holy Seigniory 
 
 sacraments of Penance, the Viaticum and Extreme Une- ^.^^^^ j„ ti,e 
 
 tion. His remains were interred in the cemetery of the government 
 
 of Three 
 same fort, and that by us. Recollect priest, the first- ^ chap- Bivers. 
 
 lain of the King at the said Fort Duquesne. In testi- 
 mony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baeon, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
56 
 
 Register of 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 Francois 
 Trudel 
 garçon hab- 
 itant de la 
 paroisse de 
 St. Francois 
 de salle 
 ditte La 
 pointe aux 
 trembles de 
 Quebec. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq, le quatorzenie de 
 febvrier dans le fort Duqiiesne à la belle Riviere, sous le 
 titre de l'Assomption de la très S"' A'^ierge est decedé Fran- 
 cois Trudel garçon habitant de la paroisse de St. François 
 de salle ditte La pointe aux tcembles de Quebec après 
 avoir receu les S'* sacremens de penitence, de viatique, et 
 d'extrem onction lequel estoit âgé d'environ de vint cinq 
 ans son corps a esté inhumé dans le ciniitière du mesme 
 fort, et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous ptre 
 Recolet aumônier du Roy au dit fort en foy de quoy avons 
 signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Eap. de 
 Marie 
 Jeane 
 
 Verraette 
 Anglaise 
 
 apparten- 
 ant a Ml- 
 
 De Contre- 
 cœur. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le deuxiesme mars, 
 a esté baptisée avec les ceremonies ordinaires de nost^ mère 
 la S*^ Eglise Catholique Marie Jeanne Vermet âgée de 
 dix neufs moys ou environ née en Nouvelleville Spean- 
 calluianci, fille de Jean Vermet franç'ois de nation, cy 
 devant habitant de nouvellville speancalluianci lequel a 
 este tu paré les Chaougnom venant se joindre aux catho- 
 liques de ces contrées de Jeanes Voleenbork anglaisse de 
 nation, native de Nord Caroline ses père et mère, le par- 
 rain a esté Monsieur Pierre Claude de Contrecœur e.scuyer 
 Sieur de Beaudry capitaine dynfenterie commendant en 
 chef des forts Duquesne, de la presqu'ille et de la Riviere 
 aux bœufs, La maraine Marie Joseph Chainier femme du 
 Sieur Norment negotiant a la belle Riviere Lesquels ont 
 signés conjointement avec nous pte Recolet aumônier du 
 Roy au susdit fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'AsiSomption 
 de la très S*'' Vierge à la belle Rivière. 
 
 conïeecœue 
 Marie Joseph Chainier 
 
 Normand 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort JDiLqvLesne.. 
 
 57 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the fourteenth of February, in Fort Duquesne at the 
 Beautiful River, under the title of the Assumption of the 
 most Blessed Virgin, died Francis Trudel, unmarried, an 
 inhabitant of the parish of St. Francis of Sales, called 
 Point aux Trembles, (in the Province) of Quebec, after 
 having i-eceived the holy sacraments of Penance, the Viat- 
 icum and Extreme Unction, who was aged about twenty- 
 five years. His remains were interred in the cemetery of 
 the same fort, and that with the customary ceremonies, by 
 us, Recollect priest, the undersigned cluipiain of the King 
 at the said fort. In testimony whereof we iiave signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 of Francis 
 
 Trudel, 
 
 unmarried, 
 
 an inliabit- 
 
 ant of the 
 
 parish of 
 
 St. Francis 
 
 of Sales, 
 
 called 
 
 Point aux 
 
 Trembles, 
 
 of Quebec. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the second of March, was baptized with tiie customary 
 ceremonies of our Holy Mother the Catholic Church, 
 Mary Jane Vermet, aged nineteen months, or tliereabout, 
 born at Newville Speancalluianci,"'^ daughter of John 
 Vermet, a Frencliman, formerly an inhabitant of New- 
 ville Speancalluianci, who was killed by the Shawanees 
 while coming to join tlie Catliolics of these parts ; (and) 
 of Jane Vollenbork (Bolingbroke?) an English woman ; 
 tlie father and mother being natives of North Carolina. 
 The god-father was Monsieur Peter Claude de Contrecœur, 
 Esquire, Sieur de Beaudray, Captain of Infantry, Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of tlie forts of Duquesne, Presqu' Isle, 
 and French creek; the god-motiier was Mary Joseph 
 Chainier, wife of the Sieur Norment, merchant (trader) at 
 the Beautiful River, who have signed conjointly with us, 
 Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at 
 the abovementioned Fort Duquesne, under the title of 
 the Assumption of the most Blessed Virgin at the Beauti- 
 ful River. Contrecœur, 
 
 Mary Joseph Chainier, 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Baptism of 
 
 Mary Jane 
 
 Vermet, 
 
 English, 
 
 of the 
 
 household 
 
 of Mr. de 
 
 Contrecœur 
 
58 Register of 
 
 Sepulture L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le cinquième île 
 Boucher May, est decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Asomp- 
 
 habitant de ^ion de la S**' Yierere à la belle Eiviere Michel Bouclier 
 St. Kicolas 1 , . 11 • 1 o, -NT- 1 - 1 
 
 auprès de garçon habitant de Ja paroisse debt. JNtcolas auprès de 
 
 Quebec. Quebec après avoir reçeu les S*® Sacremens de penitence de 
 
 viatique et d'extrem onction lequel estoit âgé de vint ans 
 
 ou environ son corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitière du 
 
 même tort et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous 
 
 ptre Recolet soussigné aumônier du Roy au susdit fort en 
 
 foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier, 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le cinquiesme 
 
 Sepul. de de Juillet a esté tué et a eu .sa chevelure levée, le nomé 
 
 Pierre Pierre Simard garçon habitant de la paroisse de la petite 
 
 con habit- Rivière au bas de Quebec lequel estoit âgé de vint trois 
 
 paroisse'de ^"^ °^^ environ (lequel a .satisfait à son devoir paschal) 
 
 la petite son corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitière du fort Duquesue 
 
 bas de" SOUS le tistre de l'Assomption de la S'*' Vierge à la belle 
 
 Quebec. Rivière et cela avec les ceremonies par nous preste Recolet 
 
 soussigné aumônier du Roy au dit fort Duquesne en foy 
 
 de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le neuf de Julliett a 
 
 Le mort este tué dans le combat donné contre les Anglois le mesme 
 
 jour le nommé Limoge garçon habitant des milles isles, 
 
 du nomé 
 Limoge 
 
 garçon hab- paroisse de St. Louis, lequel estoit âgé d'environ de vint 
 
 mille isfes ^^"^ ^"^ ^^ ^^ corps duquel a e,sté enterré sur le champ de 
 
 paroissede baptaille par M^' Le Borgne cadet a leguilliette, ainsi qu'il 
 
 nous l'a déclaré a nous ptre Recolet soussigné aumônier du 
 
 Koy au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de la 
 
 S*** Vierge à la belle Riviere en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort DTZQTzesne. 
 
 59 
 
 In the year one thousand seven himdred and fifty-five, 
 on tlie fifth of May, died at Fort Diiquesne, under the 
 title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the 
 Beautiful River, Michael Boucher, unmarried, an inhabit- 
 ant of the parish of St. Nicholas, near Quebec, after hav- 
 ing received the holy sacraments of Penance, the Viaticum 
 and Extreme Unction, who was aged twenty-two years, 
 or thereabout. His body was interred in the cemetery of 
 the same fort, and that with the customary ceremonies, by 
 us, Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King 
 at the abovemeutioned fort. In testimony whereof we 
 have signed : Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year cue thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the fifth of July was killed and scalped (a man) named 
 Peter Simard, unmarried, an inhabitant of the parish of 
 Petit Rivière, below Quebec, who was aged twenty-three 
 years, or thereabout. (He had performed his Easter 
 duty.) His body was interred in the cemetery of Fort 
 Duquesne, under the title of the Assumption of the 
 Blessed Virgin at the Beautiful River, and that with the 
 customary ceremonies, by us. Recollect priest, the under- 
 signed chaplain of the King at the said fort. In testi- 
 mony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baeon, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the ninth of July," ^ was killed in the battle fought 
 with the English the same day, (a man) named Limoge, 
 unmarried, an inhabitant of the Thousand Islands, parish 
 of St. Louis, whi> was aged twenty-six years, whose re- 
 mains were interred on the field of battle by Mr. Le 
 Borgne,^" cadet a L'Eguilliette, as he made known to us, 
 Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at 
 Fort Duquesne, under the title of the Assumption of the 
 Blessed Virgin, at the Beautiful River. In testimony where- 
 of we have signed : Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 of 
 Micliael 
 Boucher, 
 an inhabit- 
 ant of 
 St. Nicho- 
 las, near 
 Quebec. 
 
 Interment 
 of 
 Peter 
 Simard, 
 unmarried, 
 an inhabit- 
 ant of the 
 parish of 
 
 Petit 
 
 Rivière, 
 
 below 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 The death 
 
 of 
 (a man) 
 named 
 Limoge, 
 unmarried, 
 an inhabit- 
 ant of the 
 Thousand 
 Islands, 
 parish of 
 St. Louis. 
 
60 
 
 Register of 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de Jean 
 
 Baptiste 
 
 Talleon 
 
 garçon liab- 
 
 itant des 
 
 mille isles 
 
 paroisse de 
 
 vSt. Louis. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le neuf de julliet 
 est decedé au fort Duquesne a la belle Riviere sous le 
 tistre de l'Assomption de la S*** Viei'ge le nommé Jean 
 Baptiste Talion garçon habitant des milles isles paroisse 
 de St. Louis ayant esté blesé le mesme jour dans le combat 
 donné contre les Anglois, lequel a reçue les S*® sacremens 
 d'extrem onction et de penitence son corps a esté inhumé 
 dans le cimitiere du mesme fort le dix du présent et cela 
 avec les ceremonies ordiuaires par nous pre Recolet Au- 
 mônier du Roy au susdit fort en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de Mr. 
 Carqueville 
 Lieutenant 
 
 dans les 
 troupes du 
 détache- 
 ment de la 
 marine. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le neuf de Julliet a 
 esté tué au combat donné contre les Anglois et le mesme 
 jour que dessus M^' Dericherville escuyer Sieur de Carque- 
 ville, Lieutenant dans les troupes du détachement de la 
 marine après avoire e.sté le mesme jour en confesse lequel 
 estoit âgé d'environ de trente trois ans : son corps a esté le 
 dixiesme du su.sdit mois inhumé dans le cimitiere du fort 
 Duquesne à la belle Riviere sous le titre de l'As.somptiou 
 de la S**^ Vierge, et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires 
 par nous pre Recolet soussigné aumônier du Roy au susdit 
 fort en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de Mr. 
 
 Lapérade 
 
 officier dans 
 
 les troupes 
 
 de L'isle 
 
 Royale. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le dix de Julliet est 
 decedé au fort duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de la 
 S'*^ Vierge M^' Jean Baptiste de La Perade escuyer Sieur 
 de Parieux enseigne dans les troupes de l'isle Royale ayant 
 esté blessé le neuf du present mois dans le combat donné 
 contre les Anglois ai)res avoire reçeu les S'^ sacremens 
 de penitence et d'extrem onction son corps a esté inhumé 
 dans le cimitiere du mesme fort par nous ptre Recolet 
 soussigné aumônier du Roy au susdit fort en foy de quoy 
 avons signé 
 
 fr. Denvs Baron P. B. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort 'S^ZLqixesTie,, 61 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, Interment 
 on the ninth of July, died at Fort Duquesne, at the Beau- Baptist 
 
 tiful River, under the title of the Assumption of the . Talion, 
 
 . 1 T 1 -r> • m 1- inhabitant 
 
 Blessed vn-gni, (a man) named John Baptist ialion, un- of the 
 
 married, an inhabitant of the Thousand Islands, parish of Thousand 
 
 St. Louis, having been wounded the same day in the parish of 
 
 battle fought with the English. He received the sacra- ' °'^^^' 
 
 ments of Penance and Extreme Unction. His remains 
 
 were interred in the cemetery of the same fort the tenth of 
 
 the present (mouth), and that with the customary ceremonies, 
 
 by us. Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the 
 
 King at the aboveraentioned fort. In testimony whereof 
 
 we have signed : Fr. Dbnys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 
 on the ninth of July, was killed in the battle fought with interment 
 
 the English, and the same day as above, Mr. Dericlier- ,, n 
 
 ^ , , . . . Mr. Carque- 
 
 ville. Esquire, Sieur de Carqueviile, Lieutenant in the ville, 
 forces of the detachment of tiie marine, after having the Yn the^" 
 same day confessed, who was aged about thirty-three years, forces of 
 His remains were interred on the twelfth of the before- ,„ent of the 
 mentioned month, in the cemetery of Fort Duquesne, at marine. 
 the Beautiful River, under the title of the Assumption of 
 the Blessed Virgin, and that with the customary ceremonies, 
 by us. Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the 
 King at the abovementioned fort. In testimony whereof 
 we have signed : Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the tenth of July, died at Fort Duquesne, under the Interment 
 title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the -^^ Lapér- 
 Beautiful River, Mr. John Baptist La Pé rade. Esquire, ade, 
 Sieur de Parieux, Ensign in the troops of the Isle Royale,' ' j^g foree°of 
 having been wounded on the ninth of the present month t'^^ Isle 
 in the battle fought with the English, after having received 
 the holy sacraments of Penance and Extreme Unction. 
 His remains were interred in the cemetery of the same fort, 
 by us, Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the 
 King at the abovementioned fort. In testimony whereof we 
 have signed : Fr. Dbnys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
62 
 
 Sepulture 
 de 
 Ml- De 
 Beaujeux 
 Command- 
 ant du fort 
 Duquesne. 
 
 Register of 
 
 L'an luille sept cinquante cinq le neuf de JuUiet a esté 
 tué au combat donné contre les Anglois et le mesnie jour 
 que dessus, M'' LéoNARD Daniel escuyer, Sieur de Beau- 
 jeux capitaine d'infenterie commandant du fort Duquesne 
 et de L'armée, lequel estoit âgé d'environt de quarente 
 cinq ans ayant esté en confesse et fait ses devotions les 
 mesme jour, son. corps a esté inhumé le douze du mesnie 
 mois dans le cimitière du fort Duquesne sous le titre de 
 l'Assomption de la S*« Vierge à la belle Riviere et cela 
 avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous pre Recolet sous- 
 signé aumônier du Roy au susdit fort en foy de quoy 
 avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 
 M"" Sennon- 
 
 ville cadet 
 
 â leguil- 
 
 lette. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le vint sept de Jui- 
 llet a esté inhumé dans le cimetière du fort Duquesne à la 
 belle Rivière, le corps de Charle, escuyer sieure de Sennon- 
 ville. Cadet a l'eguilliette : et cela avec les ceremonies 
 ordinaires par nous pre Recolet soussigné Aumônier du 
 Roy au susdit fort en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Sepulture 
 
 de 
 Jean Bap- 
 tiste Dupuis 
 garçon 
 habitant 
 
 de 
 
 Laprairie 
 
 de la 
 
 Magde- 
 
 leine. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le vint neuf de Juillet 
 est decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption 
 de la S'" Vierge à la belle Rivière, Jean Baptiste Dupuis 
 garçon habitant de la prairie de La Magdeleine ayant esté 
 blessé le neuf du susdit mois dans le combat donné contra 
 les Anglois lequel a reçeu les S*^ Sacremens de penitence 
 le viatique et l'extrem onction, sou corps a esté inhumé 
 dans le cimitière du mesme fort et cela avec les ceremonies 
 ordinaires par nous pre Recolet soussigné aumônier du 
 Roy au dit fort en foy de quoy avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 ^■t^ 
 
 / 
 
Fovt DzLgvLesne. 
 
 63 
 
 111 the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the ninth of July, was killed in the battle fought with 
 the English, and the same day as above, Mr. Liénard 
 Daniel, Esquire, Sieur de Beaujeu,'"^ Captain of Infant- 
 ry, Commander of Fort Duquesne and of the army, who 
 was aged about forty-five years, having been at confes7 
 sion and performed his devotions^' the same day. His 
 remains were interred on the twelfth of the same month, 
 in the cemetery of Fort Duquesne under the title of the 
 Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the Beautiful River, 
 and that with the customary ceremonies by us. Recollect 
 priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at the above- 
 mentioned fort. In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the twenty-seventh of July, was interred in the ceme- 
 tery of Fort Duquesne, at the Beautiful River, the remains 
 of Charles, Esquire, Sieur de Sonnonville, cadet L'Eguil- 
 lette, anil that with the customary ceremonies by us, Recol- 
 lect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at the 
 abovementioned fort. In testimony whereof we have 
 signed : Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the twenty-ninth of July, died at Fort Duquesne, under 
 the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the 
 Beautiful River, John Baptist Dupuis, unmarried, an in- 
 habitant of the prairie of the Magdelene, having been 
 wounded on the ninth of the abovementioned month in the 
 battle fought witii the English, having received the sacra- 
 ments of penance, the Viaticum and Extreme Unction. 
 His remains were interred in the cemetery of the same fort, 
 and that with the customary cei-emonies, by us, Recollect 
 priest, the undersigned chaplain of the said fort. In tes- 
 timony whereof we have signed: 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 
 of 
 
 Mr. De 
 
 Beaujeu, 
 
 Commander 
 
 of Fort 
 Duquesne. 
 
 Interment 
 
 of 
 Mr. Son- 
 nonville, 
 
 cadet 
 L'Eguil- 
 
 lette. 
 
 Interment 
 of John 
 Baptist 
 Dupris, 
 unmarried, 
 an inhabi- 
 tant of the 
 Prairie of 
 the Magde- 
 lene. 
 
64 
 
 Register- of 
 
 Sepulture L'^,, mille sept cent cinquante cinq le trente de Juillet 
 Mr Joseph est decedé au fort Duquesue sous le titre de l'Assomptiou 
 
 Hartel 
 
 cadet dans 
 
 les 
 
 troupes. 
 
 de la S*« Vierge à la belle Riviere M"' Joseph Hartel 
 escuyer sieur de S''' Tlieresse cadet dans les troupes de la 
 marine âgé de vint deux ans ou environ après avoir i-eçeu 
 les sacremeus de penitence, viatique et d'extrem onction son 
 corps a esté inlmraé dans le cimitière du susdit fort par 
 nous pi'este Recolet soussigné aumônier du Roy aux forts 
 de la presqu'ille et de La riviere aux bœufs et cela avec les 
 ceremonies ordinaires et lagrement du père Denys Baron 
 Aumônier du Roy au susdit fort Duquesue lequel a signé 
 avec nous 
 
 f. Luc Collet P. R. 
 aumônier de la presqu'île et Riviere aux bœufs. 
 
 fr. Denys Bakon p. R. 
 Aumônier du fort Duquesne. 
 
 Bap. de 
 Jean Daniel 
 
 Norment. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le dix huit de Septem- 
 bre a esté baptisé avec les ceremonies ordinaires de Nostre 
 Mère la Sto Eglise Jean Daniel Norment né du mesmejour 
 fils de Jean Gaspar Norment et de Marie Joseph Chanier 
 ses père et mère en legitime marriage le puraiu a esté Mon- 
 sieur John Daniel escuyer sieur Dumas capitaine dynfen- 
 terie commendant en chef des forts de la presquille, de la 
 riviere aux bœufs et de celuy de Duquesne a la belle riviere 
 la raaraine a estée thérèse norment Laquelle a déclaré ne 
 savoir signer, le parain seul a signé avec nous. 
 
 Dumas. 
 fr. Denys Baron p. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
IFort ^TzgixesTve. 
 
 65 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five, 
 on the thirtieth of July, died at Fort Duquesne, under the 
 title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at tlie Beau- 
 tiful River, Mr. Joseph Hartel, Esquire, Sieur de St. Tere- 
 sa, a cadet in the forces of the marine, aged twenty-two 
 years, or thereabout, after having received the sacraments 
 of Penance, the Viaticum and Extreme Unction. His re- 
 mains were interred in the cemetery of the aboveraentioned 
 fort, by us. Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the 
 King at the forts of Presqu'Isle and French creek, and 
 that with the customary ceremonies and with the consent 
 of Father Denys Baron, chaplain of the King at the above- 
 mentioned Fort Duquesne, who has signed with us. 
 
 Fr. Luke Collet, P. R., ^^ 
 Chaplain of Presqu'Isle and French creek. 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 Chaplain of Fort Duquesne. 
 
 Interment 
 of Joseph 
 Hartel, 
 cadet in 
 the forces. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fiftv-five, 
 on the eighteenth of September was baptized with tlie cus- 
 tomary ceremonies of our Holy Mother the Catholic 
 Church, John Daniel JSrorment,^^ born the same day, the 
 son of John Gasper Norment and of Maiy Jaseph 
 Chainier, his father and mother being united in lawful 
 wedlock. His god-father was Monsieur John Daniel, Es- 
 quire, Sieur Dumas, Captain of Infantry, Commander-in- 
 Chief of the forts of Presqu'Isle, French creek, and Du- 
 quesne at the Beautiful Rivei-, his god-mother was Teresa 
 Norment, who saying that she could not sign her name 
 the god-father alone signed with us. 
 
 Dumas. 
 Fr. ENYs Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Baptism 
 
 of John 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Norment. 
 
 9 
 
Sepulture 
 de 
 
 Jean 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Nornient. 
 
 Jtegister of 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante cinq le vint quatre sep- 
 tembre est decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'As- 
 somption de la S*" Vierge, à la belle Eiviere Jean Daniel 
 norment fils de Gaspar Norment et de Marie Joseph Chai- 
 nier, son corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitière du mesme 
 fort et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous preste 
 Recolet soussigné Aumônier du Roy au dit fort en foy de 
 quoy nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fovt ^TjLqxL&srhe. 
 
 6Ï 
 
 In the year one thousaud seven hundred and fifty-five. Interment 
 
 on the twenty-fourth of Sejitember, died ut Fort Duquesne, 
 under the title of the Assuuiption of the Blessed Virgin at 
 the Beautiful Eiver, John Daniel Nornient, thesou of Gas- 
 per JVorment and of Mary Joseph Chainier. His remains 
 were interred in the cemetery of the same fort, aud that 
 with the customary ceremonies, by us, Recollect priest, the 
 undersigned chaplain of the King at the said fort. In 
 testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baeon, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain, 
 
 of John 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Norment. 
 
68 JEtegister of 
 
 II^^E present Eegistre contenant huit feuliets blancs non compris le 
 ^J^ présent a esté cotté et paraphé par uous capitaine d'ynfenterie 
 c<» commendant en chef du fort Duquesne et ses dépendances 
 lequel servira a enregister les baptêmes, mariages et sepultures qui se 
 seront au dit fort Duquesne à la belle Riviere sous le titre de l'As- 
 somption de la très S'^ Vierge et cela pendant la présente année mille 
 sept cent cinquante six Lequel Registre a esté remis au père Denys 
 Baron, pte Recolet aumônier du Roy au fort Duquesne fait au dit fort 
 le vint deux Avril mille sept cent cinquante six. 
 
 Dumas. 
 
 Sepulture L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint d'avril est de- 
 Therese cedé ail fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de la 
 Normeut. gte yierge ïherèse Normeut, âgée de quatorize ans, après 
 avoir receu les S*" Sacremens de penitence de viatique et 
 d'extrem onction son corps a esté iuluimé dans le Cimitiére 
 du susdit fort et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires par 
 nous pire Recollet aumônier du Roy au dit fort Duquesne 
 en foy de quoy avons signé. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron )). R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cinquante six le vint sept d'avril est de- 
 
 Sepulture ^edé au fort Duquesne le nommé Coroco Sauvage Outahais 
 
 de Coroco de la mission de Michelmakina le corps duquel a été in- 
 
 Outahais humé dans le cimitiére du mesme fort et cela avec les cere- 
 
 !^^ monies ordinaires par nous jjreste Recolet soussigné aumo- 
 
 Makina. nier du Roy au dit fort Duquesne en foy de quoy, nous 
 
 avons signé. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron p. R. 
 
 Aumônier- 
 
Fort IDuLqvLesThe,. 
 
 69 
 
 ^i^âiJHE present register, coutaiuing eight blauk leaves, uot iu- 
 ^^v5 eluding tiiis one, has been arranged and signed by us, Cap- 
 '^/x> tain of Infantry, Commander-inChief of Fort Duquesue and 
 its dependencies, which will serve for the registration of the bap- 
 tisms, marriages and interments, which will take place at the said 
 Fort Duquesne at the Beautiful River, under the title of the As- 
 sumption of tiie Most Blessed Virgin, and that during the present 
 year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, which register has 
 been entrusted to Father Denys Baron, Recollect priest, the chaplain 
 of the King at Fort Duquesne. Made at the said fort the twenty- 
 second of Ajirii, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six. 
 
 Dumas, 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, Interment 
 •^ of Teresa 
 
 on the twentieth of April, died at Fort Duquesne, under 
 the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the 
 Beautiful River, Teresa Norment, aged fourteen years, 
 after having received the holy sacraments of Penance, the 
 Viaticum and Extreme Unction. Her body was interred 
 in the cemetery of the abovementioned fort, and that with 
 tiie customary ceremonies, by us, Recollect priest, chaplain 
 of the King at the said Fort Duquesue. In testimony 
 whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Norment. 
 
 Indian of 
 
 Michili- 
 
 mackinac 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the twenty-seventh of April, died at Fort Duquesue, Interment 
 an Ottawa Indian named Coroco, fi'om the mission of \^ Ottawa 
 Michilmackinac,^'' whose remains were interred in the 
 cemetery of the same fort, and that with the customary cere- 
 monies, by us. Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain 
 of the King at Fort Duquesne. In testimony whereof 
 we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chajilain. 
 
10 
 
 Re-gtstev of 
 
 Bapt. de 
 
 helaine 
 
 Candon 
 
 irlandoife 
 
 nc'e 
 
 parmi les 
 
 Cliaouoi- 
 
 nons. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le quinze de May a 
 este baptisée par nous prêtre Recolet soussigné aumônier du 
 Roy au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'As:5omption de la 
 S'" Vierge à la belle Riviere et cela avec les ceremonies de 
 la S '"Eglise lielaine Candon âgée de deux mois, fille de 
 Jean Candon et de fara Clioisy, ses père et mère eu legitime 
 mariage tous deux irlandois de uation et catholiques de 
 Religion, lesquels ont été pris par les Chaouoinons en venant 
 ici se joindre aux catholiques le paiain a este Monsieur jeau 
 bap Gerault garde des magazins du Ruy au susdit fort Du- 
 quesne la maraine Marie Joseph chainier femme du sieur 
 Norment negotiant à la belle Riviere ; lesquels ont signé 
 conjointement avec nous ainsi que le père de l'enfant. 
 
 Makie Joseph mae Cheniô Nokmat. 
 
 Garaud Johanes Condon. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Bap. de 
 
 Denise 
 
 Louise 
 
 Angloife 
 
 de I^ation. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint huit may esté 
 baptisé par nous preste Recolet soussigné Aumônier du 
 Roy au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de 
 la S'" Vierge à la belle Riviere, et cela avec les cere- 
 monies ordinaires de la S'° Eglise Catholique Denise Louise 
 Augloise de uation âgé de trois jours, la mère ayant été 
 prise par les sauvages Loups et ensuite donné a M'' Dumas 
 commendant du fort Duquesne, le parain esté Monsieur 
 Joachaim de la Noiie escuyer Sieur de Robusel enseigne 
 en pied dans les troupes du détachement de la Marine la 
 maraine félicite S'" Marie le parain seul a signé avec nous la 
 maraine ne le sachant. 
 
 Lanoue. 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort CDzLgrtesne. 71 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, ^^iP'^^™;, °^ 
 
 on the fifteenth of May, was baptized by ns, Recollect don, of 
 
 priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at Fort Du- ^"^^ 
 r ' c^ 1 D parentage, 
 
 quesne, under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed born among 
 Virgin at the Beautiful Elver, and that with the cere- g]-,a4anees 
 monies of the Holy Church, Ellen Candon, aged tw6 
 months, the daughter of John Candon and of Sarah 
 Choisy, the father and mother being united in lawful wed- 
 lock, both being Irish ^" Catholics, who wei'e captured by 
 the Shawanees in coming here to join the Catholics. The 
 god-father was Monsieur John Baptist Garault, keeper of 
 the magazines of the King in the abovementioned Fort 
 Duquesne ; the god-mother, Mary Joseph Chanier, wife of 
 the Sieur Norment, merchant at the Beautiful River, who 
 signed conjointly with us as also the father of the infant. 
 
 Mary Joseph Chanier Norment. 
 
 Garaud. John Candon. 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the twenty-eighth of May, was baptized by us, Recol- Baptism of 
 lect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at Fort I^™pe 
 Duqnesne, under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed of English 
 Virgin at the Beautiful River, and that with the custo- P'^^e^^^ge- 
 mary ceremonies of the Holy Catholic Church, Denise 
 Louisa, of English parentage, aged three days. The 
 mother having been taken by the Loup (Mohegan) Indians, 
 and afterwards given up to M. Dumas commander of Fort 
 Duqnesne. Her god-father was Monsieur Joachim de la 
 None, Esquire, Sieur de Robusel, ensign of foot in the 
 troojjs of the detachment of the marine; the god-mother 
 Félicitas St. Mary. The god-father alone signed with us, 
 the god-mother not knowing how. 
 
 La JSTotje. 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R. 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
"72 Re-gtster of 
 
 Sepulture L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le trois de Juin est 
 Jean b. decedé dans le fort Duquesne, sous le titre de l'Assomption 
 Masion. ,|g \^ gte Yigi-ge a la belle Riviere Jean b. Masion garçon 
 habitant dans la paroisse de l'Assomption, âgé de vint trois 
 ans ou environ après avoir receu les S'^ Sacremens de pen- 
 itence, d'Eucari.stie et d'extreni onction et son corps a esté 
 inhumé par nous pre Eecolet soussigné Aumônier du Roy 
 au dit fort en foy de quoy nous avons signé. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron, P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint Juin est de- 
 ^d\A'f'"^ cédé dans le fort duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de 
 andre page, la S''' Vierge a la belle Riviere Alexandre Page, de la 
 paroisse de Cap Santé : lequel estroit âgé de vint deux ans 
 ou environs, après avoir receu les S'^ Sacremens de peni- 
 tence, de viatique et d'extreni onction sou corps a esté in- 
 humé dans le cimitiére du susdit fort et cela avec les cere- 
 monies ordinaires par nous preste Recolet soussigné aumô- 
 nier du Roy au dit fort Duquesne, en foy de quoy nous 
 avons signé. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint huit de Juin 
 Sepulture gg^ decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption 
 .Joseph de la S'^ Vierge a la belle Riviere Josejîh Durocher, 
 maitre charpentier pour le Roy en ce poste, natif de la pa- 
 roisse de la Magdeleine en Canada lequel estroit âgé de vint 
 six ans ou environs après avoir receu les sacremens de peni- 
 tence, de viatique et d'extrem onction son corps a esté in- 
 humé dans le Cimitiére du mesme fort et cela avec les cere- 
 monies ordinaires par nous pte Recolet soussigné aumônier 
 du Roy au dit Fort Duquesne en foy de quoy nous avons 
 signé. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Dui-ocher. 
 
Fo-pt QJzLqziesTLe. 73 
 
 In the year one thousand seven Iiundred and fifty-six. Interment 
 on the third of June, died in Fort Diiquesne, nnder tiie -q° Masion. 
 title of tiie Assumption of tlie Blessed Virgin at the Beau- 
 tiful Eiver, John B. Masion, unmarried, an inhabitant of 
 tlie parish of the Assumption, aged twenty-tiiree years, or 
 thereabout, after having received the holy sacraments of 
 Penance, the Eucharist, and Extreme Unction. His re- 
 mains were interred by us, Recollect priest, the undersigned 
 chaplain of the King at the said fort. In testimony where- 
 of we have signed : t-. -r> r. t, t^ 
 ^ Fr. Denys Baron, P. P., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the twentieth of June, died in Fort Duquesne under the Interment 
 title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the Beau- °\ Alexan- 
 
 ClGr ir EtEG. 
 
 tiful River, Alexander Page, of the parish of Cape Santé ; 
 who was aged twenty-two years, or thei-eabout, after having 
 received the holy sacraments of Penance, the Viaticum and 
 Extreme Unction. His remains were interred in the 
 cemetery of the abovementioned fort, and that with the 
 customary ceremonies, by us. Recollect priest, the under- 
 signed chaplain of the King at the said Fort Duquesne. 
 lu testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the twenty-eighth of June, died at Fort Duquesne, interment 
 under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at °^ Joseph 
 the Beautiful River, Joseph Durocher, master carpenter of 
 the King at this post, a native of the parish of the Magde- 
 lene in Canada, who was aged twenty-six years, or there- 
 about, after having received the sacraments of Penance, the 
 Viaticum and Extreme Unction. His remains were in- 
 terred in the cemetery of the same fort, and that with the 
 customary ceremonies by us. Recollect priest, the under- 
 signed chaplain of the King at the said Fort Duquesne. 
 In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 10 
 
74 
 
 Jtegister of 
 
 Bap. de 
 
 Marie 
 
 Louise 
 
 Flareey 
 
 irlandoise. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le neuf Jnlliet a esté 
 baptisé par nous preste Recolet sous signé aumônier du E-oy 
 au fort Daquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de la S'* 
 Vierge à la belle Riviere et cela avec les ceremonies de la 
 S'*^ Eglise Catholique Marie Louise âgée de six semaines 
 ou environ fille de Patrice flarcey et de francoise Langford 
 prise par les sauvages Chaougnon ses père et mère en legit- 
 ime mariage contracté en pelsavenie en présence d'un preste 
 Catholique, les dits père. et mère estant irlaudois de nation 
 et Catholique de Religion le parain a esté Louis De Quin- 
 dre escuyer sieur d'ouville la maraine félicite S'" Marie qui 
 ont signé avec nous. 
 
 Louis de quindee douville. 
 
 FELICITE Joseph Ste. Marie. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 ■ Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le neuf d'août a 
 
 Bap. de esté baptisée par nous pre Recolet sous signé aumônier du 
 
 -lane -^ ^^ f^j.j. Diiquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption de la 
 Louise ■' ^ _ ^ '^ _ 
 
 Ste. Marie. .S''^ Vierge à la belle Rivière et cela avec les ceremonies 
 
 ordinaires Marie Louisse née du raesmejour fille de Joseph 
 
 Ste Marie et de Louis.se j)ieda]u ses père et mère en legitime 
 
 mariage, le parain a esté le sieur françois forgue chirurgien 
 
 en ce po.ste La maraine félicité Ste. Marie lesquels ont 
 
 signé avec nous les mesmes jour et an que des.sus en foy de 
 
 quoy avons signé. 
 
 F. FORGUE. 
 
 FELLICITE Ste. Marie. 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le dix daoïit je 
 
 Bapt.de preste Recolet aumônier du Roy au fort Duquesne et 
 
 SniTh*^ sous le titre de l'Assomption de la Ste. Vierge à la 
 
 Angloise de ]jg]]g Rivière certifie avoir suppléer le niesme jour que 
 
 xNation. ' t \ /-~<i'T*i'T 
 
 dessus les ceremonies du baptesme a Latlienne Laquel j ay 
 
Fovt DixqixesThe. 
 
 15 
 
 Flarcy, 
 
 of Irish 
 
 parentage. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, Baptism of 
 . . . . ■ Mary 
 
 on the ninth of July, was baptized by us, Recollect priest, Louisa 
 
 the undersigned chaplain of the King at Fort Duquesne, 
 
 under the title of the Assum[)tion of the Blessed Virgin at 
 
 the Beautiful River, and that with the ceremonies of the 
 
 Holy Catholic Church, Mary Louisa, aged six weeks, dr 
 
 thereabout, the daughter of Patrick Flarcy and Frances 
 
 Langford, taken by the Shawanees Indians, her father and 
 
 mother being united in lawful wedlock, contracted in 
 
 Pennsylvania^^ in presence of a Catholic priest, the said 
 
 father and mother being Irish Catholics. The god-father 
 
 was Louis de Quindre, Esquire, Sieur D'Ouville,'*° the 
 
 god-mother Félicitas St. Mary, who signed with us. 
 
 Louis de Quindre D' Ouville. 
 
 Félicitas Joseph St. Mary. 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fiftyrsix, 
 on the ninth of August, was baptized by us, Recollect Baptism of 
 priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at Fort Du- 
 quesne, under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed 
 Virgin at the Beautiful River, and that with the custom- 
 ary ceremonies, Mary Louisa, born the same day, the 
 daughter of Joseph St. Mary and of Louisa Piedalu, her 
 father and mother being united in lawfid wedlock. The 
 god-father was the Sieur Fi-ancis Forgue, the sui-geon at 
 this post ; the god-mother Félicitas St. Mary, who signed 
 with us the same day and year as above. In testimony 
 whereof we have signed :*' -p_ Foegue. 
 
 Félicitas St. Mary. 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Louisa 
 St. Mary. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six. Baptism of 
 
 on the tenth of August, I, Recollect priest, the chaplain of Catliarine 
 __. -? 1 1 ■ 1 r. 1 . Smith, of 
 
 the King at I^ort Duquesne, and under the title of the As- English 
 
 sumption of the Blessed Virgin at the Beautiful River, parentage. 
 
16 RegtsteT of 
 
 baptisée estant dangereusement malade fille de Guiaulme 
 Smith et de Cécile Bangarnoz ses père et mere, le parain a 
 esté Jean hainguain irlandois de nation et catholique de 
 Religion, La maraine Barbe Conorade allemande de nation 
 et Catholique de Eeligiou : lesquels ont déclaré ne scavoir 
 signé en foy de quoy j'ai signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Nation. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le dix d'Août a esté 
 
 Baptême de baptisée par nous pre Recoletsous signé aumônier du Roy 
 
 ^'^rj^,® au fort Dnquesue sous le titre de l'Assomption de la S'" 
 
 Angloise de Vierge barbe âgée de deux ans fille de Guiaulme Smith et 
 
 de Cécile Bangarnoz ses père et mère, le parain a esté Jean 
 
 Candon irlandois de nation et Catholique de religion, La 
 
 maraine Barbe Conorade alemaude ne nation et Catholiq 
 
 de religion le parain seul a signé avec nous. 
 
 Jan Candon 
 fr. Denys Baeon P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Ij'an raille sept cent cinquante six le quatorze d'Août 
 Sepulture est decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomption 
 r, .^'^ ■ de la S"= Vierge à la belle Rivière Catherine Smith angloise 
 
 Catherine " i • i i 
 
 Smith de nation âgée de dix huit mois ayant esté baptisée le douze 
 
 ^"nation '''^ du présent son corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitière du 
 
 même fort par nous pte Recolet soussigné aumônier du 
 
 Roy au dit fort et cela avec ceremonies ordinaires en foy 
 
 de quoy nous avons signé 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron p. R. 
 
 Au monier. 
 
Fort JDixqixesrhe. Tî 
 
 certify that I supplied, the same day as above, the cere- 
 monies of the baptism of Catharine wliom I had bap- 
 tized during a dangerous sickness, the daughter of William 
 Smith and Cecilia Bangamoz, her fatl:er and mother. 
 The god-fatlier was Joliu Hannigan,*- an Irishman and a 
 Catholic ; the god-mother Barbara Conrad, a German and 
 a Catholic, who declared they could not sign. In testi- 
 mony whereof I have signed i"*^ 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the tenth of August, was baptized by us. Recollect Baptism of 
 priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King at Fort Du- ^^ï\^^'^,. 
 
 , . , „ , . Smith, of 
 
 quesne, under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed English ^* 
 Virgin, Barbara, aged two years, the daughter of William P'^i'^^t'^S'^- 
 Smith and Cecilia Bangarnoz, her father and mother. The 
 god-father was John Candon, an Irishman and a Catholic; 
 the godmother Barbara Conrad, a German and aCatholic. 
 The god-father alone signed with us. 
 
 John Candon. 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the fourteenth of August, died at Fort Duquesne, under interment 
 the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the ?f <^athar- 
 Beautiful River, Catharine Smith, of English parentage, of English 
 aged eighteen months, having been baptized the twelfth of P^^'ent^tge- 
 the present (month). Her remains were interred in the 
 cemetery of the same fort, by us. Recollect priest, the un- 
 dersigned chaplain of the King at the said fort, and that 
 with the customary cerenwnies. In testimony whereof we 
 have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
IS Register of 
 
 Bapt. de L'an mille sept ceut cinquaute six le dix huit d'Août a 
 
 Turner esté baptisé avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous pte 
 
 Anglois de Recolet SOUS siarné aumônier du Roy au fort Dunuesue 
 
 îvïition -/ i 
 
 sous le titre de l'Assomption de la S'" Vierge Jean anglois 
 de nation âgé de deux ans et demie fils de Jean Turner, 
 Anglois de nation et de Marie Neuuton Angloise de nation 
 Le jjere et mere en legitime mariage, le parain a esté Jean 
 lianguain irlaudois de nation et Catholique de Religion, 
 la maraine Sara foisse irJandoise de nation et Catholique 
 de Religion lesquels out déclaré ne savoir signé eu foy de 
 quoy nous avons signé 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint d'Août a esté 
 
 Sepulture inhumé dans le cimitière du fort Duquesne sous le titre de 
 
 <i'"" l'Assomption de la S'" Vierge à la Belle Rivière le corps 
 
 huron de la d'un Sauvage huron de la mission du delroit et cela avec 
 
 mission du j ceremonies ordinaires lequel huron estoit âgé de dix 
 détroit. ^ . , 
 
 huit ans environ en foy de quoy nous avons signe nous 
 
 pte Recollet Aumônier du Roy au fort Duquesne 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an milleTsept cent cinquante six le sixiesme de Septem- 
 
 Sepulture j^j.g g> gg^g ,^oy(. (]ans le belle Rivière le nommé Jean bap- 
 
 Jean Bap- tiste Matthe de la paroisse du Cap Santé ditte la S'' 
 
 *^^'de'la"''^ famille lequel estoit âgé de vint ans ou environ son corps 
 
 paroisse du a esté inhumé dans le cimitière du fort Duquesne sous le 
 
 Sant^^'ditte titre de l'Assomption de la S"- Vierge a la belle Riviere, 
 
 la Ste gt cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous ptre Recolet 
 
 famille. ^^^^ ^.^^^^ Aumonier du Roy au susdit fort Duquesne en 
 
 foy de quoy nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumonier. 
 
FoTt 'Dxx.qvLesTt&, 
 
 19 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, Baptism of 
 on the eighteenth of August, was haptized with the eus- Turner, of 
 
 tomai'v ceremonies by us, Recollect priest, the undersigned English 
 
 . T~. . f. parentage. 
 
 chaplain of the King at Fort Duquesne, under the title of 
 
 the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, John,'^ of English 
 parentage, aged two and a half years, son of John Turner, 
 an Englishman, and Mary Neuuton (Newton?), an Eng- 
 lishwoman, the father and mother being united in lawful 
 wedlock. The god-father was John Hannigan, an Irish- 
 man and a Catholic, the god-mother Sarah Foissy, an Irish- 
 woman and a Catholic, who declared they could net sign. 
 In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. E., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the twenty-eighth of August, was interred in the cem- 
 etery of Fort Duquesne, under the title of the Assumption 
 of the Blessed Virgia at the Beautiful River, the remains 
 of a Huron Indian of the mission of Detroit/"' and that 
 with the customary ceremonies ; which Huron was aged 
 about eighteen years. In testimony whereof we have 
 signed, we, Recollect priest, chaplain of the King at Fort 
 Duquesne. 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the sixth of September, was drowned in the Beauti- 
 ful River (a man) named John Baptist Matthe, of the par- 
 ish of Cape Santé, called the Holy Family, who was aged 
 twenty years, or thereabout. His remains were interred in 
 the cemetery of Fort Duquesne, under the title of the As- 
 sumption of the Blessed Virgin at the Beautiful River, 
 and that with the customary ceremonies, by us, Recollect 
 priest, the undei'signed chaplain of the abovementioned 
 Fort Duquesne. In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Interment 
 
 of a Huron, 
 
 Mission of 
 
 Detroit. 
 
 Interment 
 of John 
 Baptist 
 Matthe, of 
 the parish 
 Cape Santé, 
 called the 
 
 Holy 
 Family. 
 
80 Register of 
 
 Sepulture L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le cinquième de Décem- 
 
 Thomas t>i"e est decedé au fort Duquesne sous le titre de l'Assomp- 
 
 jiroux de la tjon de la S*^ Vierge à la belle Rivière le nommé Thomas 
 
 paroisse de .. . ^ 
 
 St. Thomas, jiroux âgé de vint et un an ou environ après avoir reeeu 
 
 les saints .sacremens de penitence et dextrem onction .son 
 
 corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitière des picostés et cela 
 
 avec les ceremonies ordinaires par nous ptre Recolet sous 
 
 signé Aumônier du Roy au susdit fort duquesne en foy de 
 
 quoy nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le dix sept décembre 
 
 Bap. du a esté baptisée avec les cérémonies ordinaires de la S'* 
 
 Christi- Eglise Romaine nostre Mère Jean baptiste Chistiguay grand 
 
 guay grand chef Iroquois âgé de quatre vint quinze ans ou environ 
 chef Iro- i o i j. 
 
 quois. lequel estant dangereusement malade a demandé ardament 
 
 le St. baptesme lequel luy a esté administré le mesme jour 
 
 que de.ssus par nous pre Recolet sous signé Aumônier du 
 
 Roy au fort Duquesne le parain a esté le Sieur Chavau- 
 
 dray interpret des Iroquois lequel a signé avec nous 
 
 Jh. Chavaudeaye. 
 fr. Denys Baeon P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint cinq Décembre 
 
 Bap. de a esté baptisé sous condition par nous pre Recolet sous signé 
 
 o-lois de' fiumonier du Roy au fort duquesne ,sous le titre de l'As- 
 
 nation somption de la S"' Vierge a la belle Rivière Louis An- 
 
 ignore le glois de nation âgé de dix huit mois ou environ, duquel ou 
 
 nom ignore le nom du père et de sa mere lequel est en- la puis- 
 du père ° ' . ^ 
 
 et de la .sance des Sauvages Loups, et qui estant dangereusement 
 
 malade je sous signé pte Recolet sous signé aumônier du 
 
 E.oy au susdit fort certifie luy avoir administré le Sacrement 
 
 de baptesme et cela avec les ceremonies ordinaires de 
 
 notre mère de S" Eglise, le parain a esté Monsieur Mutigny 
 
 mere. 
 
Fort ^ixqixesrce.. 81 
 
 In the year oue thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, Interment 
 on the fifth of December, died at FortDuquesne, under the jIrouxl"of' 
 title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at theBeauti- ^^^^ parish 
 ful Eiver, (a man) named Thomas Jiroux, aged twenty-one Thomas, 
 years, or thereabout, after having received the holy sacra- 
 ments of Penance, and Extreme Unction. His remains 
 were interred in the smallpox"'^ cemetery, and that with 
 the customary ceremonies, by us, Recollect priest, the un- 
 dersigned chaplain of the King, at the abovementioned 
 Fort Duquesne. In testimony whereof we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. E., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 ou the seventeenth of December, was baptized with the eus- Baptism of 
 ternary ceremonies of our Holy Mother the Eomau %l^^lt 
 Catholic Church, John Baptist Christiguay,"» Great Chief guay, 
 (of the) Iroquois, aged ninety-five years, or thereabout, who ^'of the '^^ 
 being dangerously sick, earnestly desired Holy Baptism, Iroquois, 
 whicii was administered the same day as above, by us. 
 Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of the King 
 at Fort Duquesne. The god-father was the Sieur Chav- 
 audray, interpreter of the Iroquois, who signed with us. 
 
 Jh. Chavaudraye. 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. E., 
 
 Chaplain. 4 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six 
 
 on the twenty-fifth of December, was baptized condition- Baptism of 
 
 ally, by us. Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of ^^""iS'. «^ 
 
 the King at Fort Duquesne, under the title of the Assump- pSentage, 
 
 tion of the Blessed Virgin at the Beautiful River, Louis '^^^ ^'^^'^ 
 
 of English parentage, aged eighteen months, or thereabout' fatVir and 
 
 the name of whose father and mother was unknown ^vhose mother is 
 
 c r\ • ■ , r ,,, ' "iiuoe unknown. 
 
 tather is a prisoner among the Loup (Mohegun) Indians, 
 and who being dangerously sick, I, Recollect j^riest, the 
 undersigned chaplain of the King at the abovementioned 
 fort, certify to have administered to him the sacrament of 
 Baptism, and that with the customary ceremonies of our 
 
 11 
 
82 
 
 Register of 
 
 escuyer ssieur de Variant enseigne en pied dans les 
 troupes du détachement de la marine la maraine Marie 
 Joseph saldé femme du sieur Roquette sergent dans les 
 troupes lesquels parain et maraine ont signé avec nous 
 
 Marie Josete Sade. 
 
 MUTIGNY DE VaSSOKY. 
 
 fr. Denys Baron P. E. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint cinq décembre 
 
 Bap. de ^ esté baptisé sous condition par nous pre Recolet, sous 
 tVancoise . n -n c -r\ i ■ i 
 
 Angloise de Signé aumônier du Koy au tort Duquesne sous le titre de 
 
 Nation le l'^i^g^jomption de la S'^ Vierge francoise angloise de nation 
 
 nom du ' _ • i i 1 1 • 
 
 père et de la âgée de quinze mois ou environ de laquelle on ignore le 
 
 "î l'elle on "°"^ ^^"^ P^^"*^ ^^ '^® ^^ ™^''^ 1"'^ estant en la puissance des 
 ignore, sauvages Loups et endanger de mort je sous signé aumônier 
 du Roy au susdit fort Duquesne certifie luy avoir administré 
 le sacrement de Baptesme et cela avec les ceremonies ordi- 
 naires le parain a esté le Sieur Charles fleure d'epé, La 
 maraine francoise I>angfort irlandoise de nation et catho- 
 lique de Religion, lesquels ont signé avec nous 
 
 FRANÇOISE LaNFORD. 
 
 Ignace Charlie fleur d'epe. 
 fr. Denys Baron P. R., 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Bapt. de 
 
 françois 
 
 Marie 
 
 Anglois 
 
 de 
 Nation, 
 dont on 
 
 ignore le 
 nom du 
 
 père et de 
 la mère. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le vint sept décembre 
 a esté baptisé sous condition et avec les ceremonies ordi- 
 naires, françois Marie, anglois de nation âgé de trois ou en- 
 viron dont on ignore le nom du père et de la mère qui est 
 en la puissance de Monsieur de Lignery, commandant du 
 fort Duquesne le parain a esté Monsieur Louis, Eseuyer, 
 Sieur Dubuisson lieutenant dans les troupes du détache- 
 
Fort JDizqixesne. 83 
 
 Holy Mother the Church. The god-father was Monsieur 
 Mutigny, Esquire, Sieur de Variant, ensign in the infantry 
 of the detachment of the marine ; the god-mother Mary 
 Joseph Saldé, wife of Sieur Roquette, Sergeant in [the 
 forces, whose god-father and god-motiier signed with us. 
 
 Maey Joseph SALDé. ' 
 
 MUTIGNV DE VaSSOEY. 
 
 Fr. Deîs'ys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven liundred and fifty-six, 
 on the twenty-fifth of December, was baptized condition- Baptism of 
 ally, by us, Recollect priest, the undersigned chaplain of ^ EngMi''^ 
 the King at Fort Duquesne, under the title of the 4s- parentage, 
 sumption of the Blessed Virgin, Frances, of English ofTho^ 
 parentage, aged fifteen months, or thereabout, the name of ^='*''"' =^"d 
 whose fatlier and mother is unknown, who being prisoners unknown, 
 among the Loup (Mohegan) Indians and in danger of 
 death, I, the undersigned chaplain of the King at Fort 
 Duquesne, certify to have administei-ed to her the sacra- 
 ment of Baptism, and that with the customary ceremonies. 
 The god-father was Charles Fleur d' Epe, the god-mother 
 Frances Langford, an Irishwoman and a Catholic, who 
 have signed with us. 
 
 Frances Langfokd. 
 Ignatius Charles Fleur D' Epe. 
 Fr. Denys BaroxV, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 
 on tiie twenty-seventh of December, was baptized condi- Baptism of 
 
 tionally and with the customary ceremonies, Frances Mary, M^''of 
 
 of English parentage, aged three, ^o or thereabout the ^"^^^^'^ 
 
 name of whose father and mother is unknown, and who is ^h^S 
 
 in the custody of Monsieur de Lignery, commander of f h '''''°'^ 
 
 Fort Duquesne. The god-father was Monsieur Louis, -Xr is 
 
 Esquire, Sieur Dubuisson, lieutenant in the forces of thé ""''"°'''"- 
 
84 
 
 Register of 
 
 meut de la marine, la maraine Suzanne Magdeleine Man- 
 seau lesquels ont signé avec nous 
 
 dubuisson. 
 
 Sbzane Madelene Masso. 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 Bap. de 
 
 Denys 
 
 Sauvage 
 
 Outaouais. 
 
 L'an mille sept cent cinquante six le deux d'octobre a 
 esté baptisé Denys sauvage Outaouois age de douze ans ou 
 environ lequel estant dangereusement malade a demande 
 le St. Baptesrae que nous nous pre Recolel sous signé avons 
 administré ainsi nous avons signé 
 
 fr. Denys Baron p. E.. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
 L'au mille sept cent cinquante six le dix octobre est de- 
 
 Sepulture cédé auprès du fort Duquesne Denys sauvage Outaouois 
 
 Sauvages ^gé de douze ans ou environ ayant esté baptisé le deux du 
 
 Outaouais. present mois son corps a esté inhumé dans le cimitière du 
 
 susdit fort duquesne et cela pour nous pre Recolet sous 
 
 signé aumônier du Roy au dit fort ainsi nous avons signé 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron P. R. 
 
 Aumônier. 
 
Fort Dztg^izesne. 85 
 
 detachment of the marine, the god- mother Susan Magde- 
 lene Manseau, who have signed with ns. 
 
 dubuisson. 
 Susan Magdelene Maistsbau. 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. ■ 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the second of October, was baptized, Denys, an Ottawa Baptism of 
 Indian, aged twelve years, or thereabout, who being dan- ^ouaVa" 
 gerously sick, desired Holy Baptism, which we, Recollect Indian, 
 priest, the undersigned, have administered to him. Thus 
 we have sig^ned :^ ' 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six, 
 on the tenth of October, died in Fort Duquesne, Denys, Interment 
 an OttaM'a Indian, aged twelve years, or thereabout, having a°n Ottawa 
 been baptized on the second of the present month. His Indian. 
 remains were interred in the cemetery of theabovemention- 
 ed Fort Duquesne, and that by us, Recollect priest, the un- 
 dersigned chaplain of the King, at the .said fort. Thus 
 we have signed : 
 
 Fr. Denys Baron, P. R., 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
86 
 
 CerttftccLte. 
 
 (Setrirjacat. 
 
 ^[iJ^[i^OUS sous signé Protonotaire de la Cour Supérieure pour le 
 jM^Vt Bas Canada, dans le district de Montréal, certifions que les 
 ^filJS cinquante sept Estraits ci dessus, et des autres parts ecrets, 
 sont en tout conformes aux originaux qui se trouvent dans les Registres 
 des Actes de Baptêmes, Mariages et Sepultures faits au Fort Duquesue 
 pendant les années mil sept cent cinquante trois, mil sept cent cin- 
 quante quatre, mil sept cent cinquante cinq et mil sept cent cin- 
 quante six ; les dits Registres déposés dans les archives de la dite 
 Cour, dont nous sommes déjjositaires. 
 
 Montreal le dixième jour de Mars mil huit cent cinquante iuiit. 
 
 Monk Coffin & Papineau, 
 
 [l. s.] p. s. C. 
 
C&rttjica.te. 
 
 8Y 
 
 ®eriïJTcate. 
 
 ©[t(jïï]®E, the undersigned notaries of the Supreme Court of Lower 
 ^W^^ Canada for the District of Montreal, certify that the fifty- 
 (^(2i%g)'â seven extracts written above, and in other places, are in per- 
 fect conformity with the originals which are to be found in theEegis- 
 ters of the Acts of Baptisms, Marriages and Interments made at Fort 
 Duquesne during the years one thousand seven hundred and fifty- 
 three, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, one thousand seven 
 hundred and fifty-five and one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six. 
 The said Registers are preserved in tlie archives of the said Court 
 whereof we are the custodians. 
 
 Montreal, the 10th of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifty- 
 eight. 
 
 Monk, Coffin & Pa pineau. 
 
 [l. S-] S. P. C. 
 
88 Motes. 
 
 NOTEES, 
 
 1. Although the Register professes to be of Fort Duquesne only, it contains a 
 number of entries, in the beginning, from the other posts occupied by the French 
 in the northwestern part of Pennsylvania, before they took possession of the spot 
 upon which Fort Duquesne stood. 
 
 2. This series of Mr. Shea's publications takes its name from the celebrated 
 French printer, Sebastian Cramoisy, wlio, born in 1580, became, in 1640, the first 
 director of the royal printing ofiice of the Louvre. The Cramoisy edition of Mr. 
 Shea comprises twentj'-four volumes, issued between the years 1857 and 1868. .John 
 Gilniary Shea was born in Kew York city, July 22, 1824. The greater part of his 
 life has been devoted to literary pursuits, and more especialh' to American Catholic 
 history, in the knowledge of which he lias no equal, and probably never will have. 
 His collection of works bearing on that .subject is very large, including many books 
 and pamphlets, the existence of which is not known to tlie ordinary student of our 
 history. His home is in Elizabeth, New .Jersey. 
 
 3. This preface forms no part of the Register, but was written by Mr. Shea. 
 
 4. See notice of Ills interment further on. I have retained the title "Sieur," 
 not finding its exact equivalent in our language. It is sometimes translated "Sire," 
 but whatever may have been the derivation or the original meaning of that terra, 
 its present signification forbids such a use of it. 
 
 5. The government of New France was at this time in charge of the depart- 
 ment of the marine. 
 
 6. There are no entries of marriages in the Register as we have it. 
 
 7. See above pp. 9-12 ; notes 7 and 8. 
 
 8. See notice of his interment further on. The phrase "parafé et signé," literally 
 means "flourished and signed," liut the idea intended to be conveyed is that Marin 
 signed the document himself personally, and that Ids name was not affixed to it by 
 another person, as is sometimes done bv clerks in business hou.ses. 
 
 9. l^rom this expression it appears that while the original registers were kept at 
 the different posts, autlienticated copies of them were sent in parts from time to time 
 to tlie seat of government to be deposited in the archives for preservation. 
 
 10. Another evidence that we have but a part of the regit ter constantly kept. 
 Although the French word presqu' isle simply means a peninsula, it is here used as a 
 proper name. For an account of the fort built here, see above, p. 21. There was a 
 priest stationed at the fort liere, as the Indian spy, Thomas Bull, informs us, as 
 late as March, 1759 ; but the name of the missionary is not given. — Historij of Erie 
 County, p. 43. 
 
 11. I have not been able to learn anything whatever of this priest. 
 
Notes. 89 
 
 12. These Eecollects are a branch of the First Order of St. Francis. St. Francis 
 of Assissium was born in Umbria, Italy, in 1182; established the Franciscan Order 
 August 16, 1209 ; and died October 4, 1226. Tlie reformed branch of the Order, 
 known as the Recollects from tlieir living at first in hermitages, was inaugurated by 
 Father John of Gaudaloupe in Spain in the year 1500. The Recollects were in- 
 troduced into New France by Samuel Champlain in 1615 ; and tlie first Mass 
 celebrated in Canada was by one of tliem. Father Josepli le Caron,, at Eivière des 
 Prairies, June 24, of that year. — Shea's Charlevoix, vol. II. p. 25, But owing to the 
 change of feeling in the Frencli court, and the temper of some of the Governors 
 General, they did not retain uninterrupted possession of the missionary field from 
 that early day until the time of wliich we are now speaking. A member of the 
 Augustinian Order, well versed in our history, writes me that, although all writers 
 on American Catholic history seem to take it for granted that the term " Recollect " 
 is used to designate only a member of the Franciscan Order, that opinion is 
 erroneous ; and he cites a letter in his possession in which a cei-tain Father H. de la 
 Motte, cliaplain of the French forces, writes, under date of May 19, 1779, to "his 
 dear children, the Passamaquoddy Indians, near Machias, Maine," and signs him- 
 self "Motte R. Aug. prte." i.e., "Recollect Augustinian preste," as I make it, 
 addj the priest. He continues: "In the Spanish works, from which I might give 
 numerous quotations, writers commonly put down our Barefooted brancli as Recol- 
 lelos simply. So that . . . the terra is by no means singular to the Order of St. 
 Francis alone, but is used of otlier Barefooted Orders. . . . Since about 1660 
 our Fathers attended, as is probable, though not wholly certain, the Spanish forces 
 who were making a ' raid ' along the lakes in New York State ; and, since it is 
 cer.ain that the first North American Indian to become a priest was an Iroquois, 
 and embraced the O. S. A. (Order of St. Augustine) in Madrid, Spain, I think I 
 am warranted in calling your notice to an error historians are likely to fall into, in 
 taking for granted that Recoiled or Eecolletos means, without further proof, a Fran- 
 ciscan." In the translation of the Register in the Daily Gazette, to which reference 
 has been made, the expression " Preste Recollect," is rendered " Franciscan priest." 
 which is erroneous, as those know who are familiar with the distinctive titles of the 
 various branches of the Order. 
 
 13. The name of Monsieur Dumas is frequently met with in the history of the 
 French operations on the head-waters of the Ohio. Besides the notices of him 
 given above, (pp. 28, 29) we have the following additional points in his career : 
 He appears to have assumed command of the French forces at the battle of the 
 Monongahela, on the death of Beaujeu. He was appointed to succeed Contrecœur 
 in the command of the army on the Beautiful River, and his first care, as Mr. 
 Parkman tells us, was to set on the western tribes to attack the border settlers. 
 His success was triumphant. Yet evidences are not wanting of his humanity, as 
 the same writer proves. He boasts, in the style of the ofiicers in New France at 
 that time, of his zeal in the cause of the king, his master ; for which zeal and 
 boasting he afterwards received the Cross of the Order of St. Louis. His account 
 of the destruction of Kittanning is strange enough. He says that Attigué was 
 attacked by " Le General Wachinton," with three or four hundred men on horse- 
 back ; tliat the Indians gave way ; but that five or six Frenchmen who were in the 
 town held tlie English in check till the fugitives rallied, when Washington and Iiis 
 men took to flight, &c. — Montcalm & Wolf, Parkman, vol. I. pp. 426, 427. 
 
 12 
 
90 JSTotes. 
 
 14. A special interest attaches to the name of this missionary as being the first 
 priest or minister of any religious denomination to perform a public act of religious 
 worship on the spot where the city of Pittsburg now stands. His name was Charles 
 Baron, and he was most probably born in France. On entering the Recollect 
 branch of the Order of St. Francis, he took, according to the custom of religious 
 orders, another name, selecting that of Denys. He was ordained September 23, 
 1741 ; served on several missions in Canada ; among which were St, Maurice, in 
 1744, and Isle au Coudres, and Eboulements, in 1750 ; was tlien appointed chaplain 
 of the detachment detailed for the defense of western Pennsylvania ; was trans- 
 ferred to Fort St. Frederic at Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain, some time after 
 December, 1756 ; and died there November 6, 1758, a few days before the abandon- 
 ment of Fort Duquesne. Here, again, the Gazette translation is erroneous in re- 
 marking that " P. R." appended to the name of the cliaplain "stands for or signifies 
 Priest of the Recollect, or Monk of the Order of St. Francis, i. e. Franciscan." 
 It means " Recollect Priest." 
 
 15. I have translated the term " Rivière au Bœuf " by '' French Creek," the 
 name by which that stream is now universally known. 
 
 16. Of the designation La Franchisse, and Bientourné, to be met further on, Mr. 
 Shea writes me : " It is the name by which a man generally goes, and which fre- 
 quently in a second generation becomes a family name. The custom arose from the 
 large Canadian families, and the occurrence of the same name in one locality. . . 
 It ought, therefore, to he retained in French. . . . The old Registers are often 
 the readiest way of tracing many Canadians to their original family. A Mr. 
 Bientourné or Mr. La Franchisse finds here about tlie time the new name was 
 adopted and what the original family name was." 
 
 17. We may, perhaps, infer from this expression that he was not only chaplain 
 of tlie fort, but also superior of the missionaries in all the posts in the western part 
 of our State. 
 
 18. This chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, stood, as Washington informs us in his 
 Journal, inside the fort. As this is the first mention of it, it would appear not to 
 have been dedicated to divine service until shortly before this date. " The fort at 
 French Creek " was Le Bœuf, but I give a literal translation of the original. 
 
 19. From the deposition of Stephen Cofl'en — for some time a prisoner with the 
 French — which, with the Register, furnishes all that I have been able to learn of 
 this Commander, he would appear to have been of a choleric and peevisli disposi- 
 tion, and very unpopular among the officers aud men under his command ; a dispo- 
 sition that may be due in part to ill health and in part to want of complete success 
 in the expedition he had undertaken. So unfriendly were the subordinate officers 
 to him that when the Chevalier Le Crake arrived from Canada bringing a cross of 
 St. Louis for him, they would not permit him to accept it until the governor should 
 be made acquainted with his conduct. — Annals of the West, p. 104. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Le Gardeur de St. Pierre.— Jïistoi-i/ of Erie County, p. .37. 
 
 20. The only one of these oflîcers mentioned in the histories within my reach is 
 La Force. He was taken prisoner with others in the skirmish near the Great 
 Meadows, where Jumonville was killed, in May, 1754. "Being," as Washington 
 
JSTotes. ■ 91 
 
 says, " a bold, enterprising man, and a person of great subtlety and cunning," he 
 was detained and sent to the Governor of Virginia. About two years later he suc- 
 ceeded in escaping from prison, and great fears were felt by the settlers on the 
 frontier, owing to his influence with the Indians ; but lie was afterward retaken 
 and brought to Williamsburg, where he was cast into a dungeon and put in heavy 
 irons. He was afterward released and returned to Canada. At the time of the 
 fall of Fort Niagara he was cruising on Lake Ontario and thus escaped.— Writings 
 of Oeorge Washington, vol. II. pp. 33 and 178. The Olden Time, vol. I. p. 370, et seg. 
 
 21. With this ends the entries from the posts in the northwestern part of our 
 State ; all those that follow are from Fort Duquesne. 
 
 22. The expression so frequently met with in the Register, "P'ort Duquesne under 
 the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the Beautiful Kiver," may 
 not be as clear to the mind of the general reader as it is to the Catholic. From an 
 early day it has been the custom in Catholic countries, or those formerly regarded 
 as such, to select a patron saint, not only for a whole country but also for cities and 
 localities. The above expression, in the light of this custom, means tliat the spot 
 occupied by the French here, and tlie chapel, as tlie religious centre of it, were 
 placed, by the piety of the people, under the special protection and patronage of 
 her whom, in tlie words of her own sublime prophecy, " all generations shall call 
 blessed." (St. Luke, 2 : 48.) The Blessed Virgin under this title was the Patroness 
 of the French nation under the old regiine, and this being an important place 
 should, in their opinion, be honored with the same title. It would be interestino- 
 to know where, precisely, the chapel of Fort Duquesne stood, but we have not at 
 present, and cannot expect ever to have the means of determining this point. The 
 plan of the fort, as drawn by Captain Robert Stobo, in the summer of 1754, which 
 is the liasis of all the otlier plans of it, shows no room or building desio-nated as the 
 chapel ; but some of the Iniildings were said to contain several apartments, one of 
 which was no doubt used for a chapel, as was the case at Louisbourg.— il/owf- 
 calm and Wolf, vol. II. pp. 54 and 57 ; and Memoirs of Capt. JRobt. Stobo. The import- 
 ance which the French attached to the chapel, their demand for daily religious 
 service, and their custom in other places, prove beyond a doubt that they had a 
 chapel and that it stood within the fort ; hence its location can readily be deter- 
 mined within a few feet. It may be remarked that the title underwent several 
 changes. At first it was " Fort Duquesne at the Beautiful River," then " Fort Du- 
 quesne under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin ;" next, " Fort Du- 
 quesne under the title ot tlie Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the Beautiful 
 Eiver." Sometimes it is " The Most Blessed Virgin." What title could be more 
 truly poetic or beautiful than this ! But there is a singular circumstance connected 
 with it, which is worthy of note. I shall give it in the words of Rt. Rev. Michael 
 O'Connor, first Bishop of Pittsburg, whose remarks refer to the diocesan synod of 
 June, 1844, ninety years after the selection of a patron by Father Baron. Speak- 
 ing of the chapel he says : " It is presumed it was dedicated under tliis title on 
 the feast of the A.ssumption of the Blessed Virgin after their (the French soldiers') 
 first arrival, as it is only after that day that it is designated by that name in the 
 Register. It would appear tiiat this dedication was accepted by the Blessed Virgin, 
 as at the first synod of the new Diocese of Pittsburg, the new diocese was 
 placed under the protection of the Holy Virgin under the title of the 
 
92 Ilotes. 
 
 Assumption, though no one was aware at that time of the previous dedication 
 under the same title." — Diocesan Regkter. Some years after tlie organization of 
 the congregation of St. Mary of Mere}', wliich embraces that portion of tlie city 
 once occupied by Fort Duquesne, and of which I have been pastor for eleven years, 
 I had erected a memorial altar to commemorate that which stood in Fort Duquesne, 
 which was dedicated under the same title September 24, 1878. 
 
 23. The precise location of this cemetery cannot now be determined, nor will it 
 ever be, from the fact that much of the Point has been filled from eight to twelve 
 feet above its level at the time of the French. When excavations were being made 
 for a certain manufactory close in the Point, a few years ago, the workmen un- 
 earthed two skeletons, one that of a white man, the other that of an Indian, as 
 could be known from the formation of the skull. The white man had been in- 
 terred in a coffin, the other without it. 
 
 24. This expression would seem to include both Fort le Bœuf and Fort Ma- 
 chault ; if not, there is no reference to the latter stronghold in the Register, which 
 appears highly improbable. 
 
 25. This is doubtless a mistake in the copyist for " marriages." I am informed 
 by Mr. Shea that, owing to a few blunders by the copyist, " the Register, as 
 printed, is not absolutely to be depended on for the correctness of every word." 
 But it is my duty to give it as I find it. 
 
 26. See above p. 15, note 18. Also Pennsylvania Magazine of Hit^t. and Biog., 
 1884, p. 128. 
 
 27. The Gazette, omitting monotonous repetitions, gives this curious translation of 
 the present entry : " Baptized, Nov. 3, 1754 — Denise Sauvagesse Louve, aged 
 twelve years, in compliance with his ardent desire." The Gazette invariably trans- 
 lates "Souvage," "Savage," or "Wild" instead of "Indian." The opinion of some 
 writers tliat the Loups (the French name for wolves), were a branch of tlie Delawares, 
 called by the English Munseys, appears to be incorrect, as the following goes to 
 show. The Loups are called Agotsagonen by the Iroquois. "These," says Mr. 
 Shea, " were the Mohegans. Tlie term Agotsagonen was applied to other tribes 
 of the Algonquin ftvmily. Attempts have been made to construct a supposed great 
 Delaware confederacy, reaching from the Hudson to the Potomac, but this story is 
 quite recent, and its growth is curious. Tlie petty tribe of Delawares, with whom 
 the Dutch seem to have had no extended relations, were enemies of the Minquas. 
 By confounding the Minquas who lived on the lower Susquehanna, witli the Mo- 
 hawks, tlie Delawares were made to extend to the river of tlie latter tribe." — Father 
 Joques' New Netherlands, notes, pp. 49, 50. 
 
 28. It is difficult to understand why in this place only the expression "first chap- 
 lain " should liave been used. We have no evidence that tliere were any other 
 priests at the fort, for only the name of Father Baron appears on the Register, ex- 
 cept in one place where we meet with that of Eev. Luke Collet ; but he was no more 
 than a visitor, for he officiates with permission and signs himself, " Chaplain of 
 Presqu' Isle and French Creek." 
 
 28. bis. Mr. Shea surmises that this place may have been Pickawillaney, as the Eng- 
 lish called it, or Pitjue Town, on the Miami river, which became in the middle of 
 
Notes. 93 
 
 the last century, one of the greatest Indian towns of the west, the centre of English 
 trade and influence, and a capital object of French jealousy.— il/oîi^caZm & Wolf, 
 Parkman, vol. I., p. .52. I am, however, led to believe that it is the French render- 
 ing of the Indian name of some village in North Carolina, of which colony both 
 parents were said to be natives. Its location must forever remain a matter of con- 
 jecture. There is, indeed, a village in Ohio named Newville, but it is a considera- 
 ble distance from Piqua, which would seein to be the former Pique- Town. 
 
 29. This was the first of the victims of the battle of the Monongahela, or Brad- 
 dock's Defeat, which took place near the east bank of the ISIonongahela river, ten 
 miles from its junction with the Allegheny, on the afternoon of July 9th, 1755, and 
 continued about three hours. Of the ill-fated commander of tlie English, his biogra- 
 pher says : "When or where Edward Braddoek was born, there is no means of ascer- 
 taining. ... As may be judged from tfce date of his first commission, he must 
 have been born toward the close of the seventeenth century. On the 11th of 
 October, 1710, he entered the army witli the rank of Ensign in the grenadier com- 
 pany of the Coldstream Guards, and on the 1st of August, 1716, was appointed a 
 Lieutenant." He rose from one grade to another till he was rewarded for his 
 bravery at the battle of Fontenoy, fought May 11th, 1745, by being appointed First 
 Major of his regiment. Other promotions awaited him, till on the 21st of Decem- 
 ber, 1754, be sailed for America as Commander-in-Chief of all the troops that were 
 to operate against the French. He was wounded at the battle of the iMonongahela, 
 and died near the Great Meadows on the 13th, where his remains still repose. — His- 
 tory of Braddoek's Expedition. In the difference of opinion regarding the person 
 who inflicted the fatal wound, I hold that it was Thomas Fausett, one of the col- 
 onial soldiers. As to his character, Horace Walpole sums it up in these words : 
 ' Desperate in his fortune, brutal in his behavior, obstinate in his sentiments, he 
 was still intrepid and capable." Mr. Parkman, in Montcalm & Wolf, vol. I. pp. 191 
 and 220, calls him "the gallant bulldog; "and says in another place, {The Conspiracy 
 of Pontiac, vol. I. p. 105,) "To Brp.ddock was assigned the chief command of all the 
 British forces in America ; and a person worse fitted for the office could scarcely 
 have been found. His experience had been ample, and none could doubt his courage ; 
 but he was profligate, arrogant, perverse, and a bigot to military rules." — See also 
 Writings of George Washington, Sparks, vol. II. pp. 77, 86, et seq. ■ and Captivity of 
 Col. James Smith, pp. 11, 12. 
 
 30. This is the only interment known to have taken place at the time on the 
 fleld of battle. The rout of the English was so complete that every one 
 thought only of saving his own life. The bones of the English were not interred 
 till after the fall of Fort Duquesne, more than three years later. — The Olden Time, 
 vol. I., pp. 186-188. Dr. Doddridge says, quaintly enough, " It is said that for some 
 time after Braddoek's defeat, the bears having feasted on the slain, thought that 
 they had a right to kill and eat every human being with whom they met." — Set- 
 tlements and Indian Wars, &c., p. 64, note. 
 
 31. Cape Breton Island, in the ''Juif of St. Lawrence, the site of the famous 
 stronghold of Louisbourg. 
 
 32. " Daniel Hyacinth Mary Liénard de Beaujeu, who so bravely attacked with 
 a petty force the finest array ever sent from England to operate against the French, 
 
94 Notes. 
 
 was descended from a family from Dauphiné, which has left its name to the Beau- 
 jolois, one of the divisions of that ancient province. The family figures in French 
 history of the eleventh century. In 1210 Guichard, Sire de Beaujeu, was sent 
 by Philip Augustus as his ambassador to the Sovereign Pontift' Innocent III. 
 Humbert V-, Sire de Beaujeu, was Constable of France, and attended the coronation 
 of Baudouin II. as Emperor of Constantinople. Another of the name fought 
 under St. Louis in Egypt. William de Beaujeu was Grand-master of the Templars 
 in 1288, and was killed at the siege of Antioch in 1290. They figure in later times 
 in the annals of the brave. The Seigneur de Beaujeu, an officer of great experience 
 and ability, fell at the siege of Montbart in 1.590 : another at Fontarabia iu 1638 i 
 Paul Anthony Quiqueran de Beaujeu is famous for his imprisonment at Constan- 
 tinople and liis daring escape in the seventeenth centm-y. One of this brave race com- 
 manded the man-of-war sent out as part of the expedition of Eené Chevalier de la 
 Salle, to operate against the rich mining country of Mexico, by way of Texas, and 
 is now receiving tardy ju.stice from false and groundless charges." The hero of 
 the battle of the Monongahela was the second son of Louis Licnard de Beaujeu and 
 Denise Thérèse Migeon de Braussac, who was a widow when she married Beaujeu. 
 " He was born at Montreal, .\iigust 19, 1711, and at an early age entered the service 
 in which his father held a commission. He rose rapidly, showing that liis ability 
 was recognized, and in 1718 we find him a captain in the detachment of the marine 
 wliich constituted the French troops in Canada . . . He was next, it is said, 
 commandant at Detroit." He was soon after in comuumd at Niagara; and as a 
 reward for his bravery he, about this time, received the Cross of St. Louis. In 
 175-5 he was sent to Fort Duipiesne with men and supplies, and was appointed to 
 the command. Here it was he was to crown the great achievements of his life with 
 one still greater. "At daybreak on the 9tli of July, the French otHcers and soldiers 
 gathered in the little ' chapel of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at the Beau- 
 tiful River,' as that in the fort was styled. The commandant knelt in confession 
 before the grey-robed chai^lain, the Eecollect Father Denys Baron, and when Mass 
 was said, received Holy Communion at his hands .... Then the little party 
 marched gayly out, numbering 72 regular soldiers, 140 Canadians." After much 
 persuasion a motley band of some 600 Iu<lians of many tribes followed, among 
 whom was the redoubtable Pontiac. The story of the ambush and battle are well 
 known and need not be repeated. "At the tliird volley from the English, de Beau- 
 jeu fell, pierced through the forehead, it is said, with a ball .... Thus fell 
 Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, in the arms of victory, dying as nobly as any of his 
 crusader ancestors on the fields of Palestine, Egypt, or Tunis ; and dying more 
 gloriously, for not even one of his gallant race ever achieved so great success, or 
 turned a desperate cause into a triumphant defeat of so superior a force." The 
 body was kept till the 12th when it was interred in the cemetery of the fort ; but 
 the resting place of the gallant commander will remain a mystery forever. Beaujeu 
 did not receive, even from the French, due credit for having planned the desperate 
 struggle in which he fell ; but that he was then in command is clearly proven from 
 this entry in the Retjhler. — Pennsulvania Magazine of History and Biography — article 
 by Mr. John Gilmary Shea, 1884, pp. 121-128. See above pp. 28, 29. 
 
 33. In the (rœeWe translation of this entry, the French phrase, "a esté tué" is 
 rendered " wounded," with the fool-note appended, " Tlie word is tue, killed, but no 
 
JVbtes. 95 
 
 doubt used inadvertantly." Tin's rendering is wholly gratuitous and is alike 
 at variance with the meaning of the word in French and with the facts of 
 history, for in all accounts of the battle it is distinctly stated that Beau- 
 jeu was killed. The difficulty witli- the translator seems to have been to find a 
 reason why a man should prepare. for death before he was certain that it was at 
 hand. It is only one of the many instances in which even learned non-Catholics 
 show it no reproach, in their opinion, for a man to be ignorant of the simplest matter 
 relating to Catholic teaching and practice. Nothing strikes a Catholic more than 
 this, except the complacency with which such ignorance is cherished. The study 
 of a five-cent catechism would save many a learned man from appearing ridiculous 
 in the eyes of the hirgest body of Christians on earth. 
 
 35. This is tlie only place in which the name of this priest appears. See p. 92, 
 note 28. 
 
 36. The first white child born on the spot wliere the city of Pittsburg now 
 stands ; but he did not live long to enjoj' tlie honor. 
 
 37. The Huron Indians were expelled by the Iroquois from tlieir homes on the 
 northeast of Lake Huron, about the middle of the seventeenth century, and after 
 man)' vicissitudes part of them settled, in 1671, in Michilimackinac, at the outlet of 
 Lake Michigan ; but whether on the island in the strait, or on tlie point of land 
 to the north, is disputed. The mission was dedicated to St. Ignatius, tlie founder of 
 the Jesuits ; and on the spot repose the ashes of the gentle Father Marquette. — 
 Charlevoix' New France, vol. III. pp. 170, 171 ; Parkman's La Salle, pp. 71, 72. 
 
 38. Tliere was at that time, as we learn from the Journal of the Moravian, 
 Christian Frederick Post, who was on several occasions employed by the colonial gov- 
 ernment to use his influence with the Indians in withdrawing them from their allegi- 
 ance to the French, a number of Irish Catholics among the traders and Indians. 
 He writes in his Journal, under date of September 1st, 1758, an account of an 
 interview he had with the Indians at Logstown, and a speech tliat he made them 
 on the occasion, in which he said : " My brothers, I know you have been wrongly 
 pursuaded by many wicked people ; for you must know there are a great many 
 Papists in the country, in French interest, who appear like gentlemen, and have 
 sent many runaway Irish Papist servants among you, who have put bad notions 
 into your heads, and strengthened you against your brothers, the English." To 
 this he annexes the memorandum : " There are a great number of Irish traders 
 now among the Indians, who have always endeavored to spirit uj) the Indians 
 against the English, which made some tliat I was acquainted with from their infancy, 
 desire the chiefs to inquire of me, for they were certain I would speak the truth." 
 The editor of The Olden Time, (vol. I. p. 116), from which this extract is taken, 
 remarks in a marginal note : " The Indian traders used to buy the transported 
 Irish and other convicts, as servants, to be employed in carrying up goods among 
 the Indians ; many of these ran away from their masters and joined the Indians." 
 On the 5th of the same month, in another speech, Mr. Post tells the Indians : 
 " Those wicked people that set you at variance with the English, by telling you 
 many wicked stories, are Papists in French i^ay ; besides there are many among us 
 in the French service, who appear like gentlemen, and buy Irish Papist servants, 
 and promise them great rewards to run away to you and strengthen you against the 
 English, by making them appear as black as devils." — Ibid. p. 120. 
 
96 JSTotes. 
 
 39. Tliis is, doubtless, Pennsylvania. In the MSS. from which the Gazette 
 translation was made, it is written " Pels-avenie," with a note on the difficulties 
 against which the transcriber had to contend. By Pennsylvania here is meant only 
 that part of our State lying east of the Allegheny mountains; for all west was 
 claimed by the French, and also by the Indians, while the southern portion was 
 held by Virginia to be included within her charter. At that time there were 
 Catholic missions, with a resident pastor generally, at Philadelphia, Lancaster, 
 (."onewago (now in Adams county), and Goshenhoppen (now in Montgomery county). 
 These persons were most probably prisoners taken by the Indians in one of their 
 numerous raids on the frontier settlements. Some of the other Englisli and Irish 
 Catholics mentioned in the Register were likely of the same class. The reader 
 will have learned by this time that faultless orthography is not one of the cardinal 
 virtues of the French Register, nor could it be where names were spelled phonetic- 
 ally. 
 
 40. This person must not be confounded with M. Douville, mentioned by Mr. 
 Parkman, {Montcalm & Wolf, vol. I. pp. 330 and 423,) who was killed by the Eng- 
 lish in April, 1756 ; but whom Washington, in the passage referred to by Mr. 
 Parkman (Spark's Washington's Writings, vol. II. p. 137,) calls Donville. 
 
 41. This entry is not found in the Gazette translation. 
 
 42. To this name the Gazette translation appends the remark : " Hanguain. 
 John, no doubt, gave his name to the i^riest in his best English or French, with a 
 considerable smack of the brogue ; and Father Denys, no doubt, did his best to 
 make it intelligible to his French readers, and thus we get this riddle which each 
 reader can answer at his pleasure." Mr. Shea writes : " Hamguain is evidently 
 the transcriber's error for Haugain, which any Frenchman would read Hogan." 
 It is a matter of conjecture, but I prefer the opinion that the transcriber did 
 not make a mistake, and that the name is Hannigan ; and this opinion, I think, is 
 supported by the ways in which the word is spelled in the Register, " Hainguain,' 
 and "Hanguain." 
 
 43. This, like some of the other entries found in the Register, is in language so 
 peculiar, as the reader will perceive, as to render translation almost impossible. 
 The name given as " Bangarnoz " is " Bangarmon" in the Gazette translation. 
 
 44. This, most probably, means no more than a colonist speaking the English 
 language. 
 
 45. In the Gazette translation the following note is appended to this entry : 
 " By the way, does not the name of the baptized child, Jean or John Turner, re- 
 mind some of our old citizens of a tall, upright, active man named John Turner 
 who used often to be seen walking our streets, and whom, it was always suiiposed 
 by us boys, had once been a prisoner with the French or Indians ? Was our John 
 Turner the baptized child?" It would be dif&cult to answer this question. I am 
 informed that a person of that name, who was said to be a brother-in-law of the 
 notorious Simon Girty, lived for some time, in days long gone, on Squirrel Hill, on 
 the east side of the Monongahela, four miles above its junction with the Allegheny 
 
 46. La Motte Condillac was the founder of Detroit. In the year 1701 he 
 planted the military colony, although at an earlier day some efforts had been made 
 
JSTotes. 97 
 
 to secure possession of this important pass. — The Conspiracy of Pontiac, Parkman, 
 vol. I. p. 213; Charlevoix' New France, vol. V. pp. 136, et seq. The foundation of 
 the mission, which, like that of Fort Duqiiesne, was under the title of the Assump- 
 tion of the Blessed Virgin, was contemporaneous with that of the military post. 
 
 47. With the Gazeile I must say that the only translation I can find for this old 
 French word, which is at all admissible in this place, is "marked with small-pox." 
 Although this is the only mention of that disease so dreaded by the Irdians, and so 
 fatal, as all frontier history attests, it is yet possible that as a precaution a separate 
 cemetery was set apart for those who died of it. The English, even in this pre- 
 cise locality, did not hesitate to use the small-pox as an auxiliary to their 
 forces against the Indians, a few years later, as the following letter of General John 
 Amherst to Colonel Bouquet, written in July, 1763, shows : 
 
 " Could it not be contrived to send the small-pox among these detestable tribes of 
 Indians ? We must on this occasion use every stratagem in our power to reduce 
 them. (Signed) J. A." 
 
 Bouquet replies : 
 
 "I will try to inoculate the with some blankets that may fall in their 
 
 hands, and take care not to get the disease myself As it is a pity to expose good 
 men against them, I wish we could make use of the Spanish method, to hunt with 
 English dogs. . ." Amherst rejoined : " You will do well to inoculate the In- 
 dians by means of blankets," &c. This correspondence is among the manuscripts 
 of the British Museum, Bouquet and Haldimand Papers, No. 21, 634. — The Conspir- 
 acy of Pontiac, Parkman, vol. II. pp. 39, 40. 
 
 48. The extraordinary age of this chief, and the proximity of death perhaps 
 impelled him to demand baptism ; for the Iroquois were very slow to embrace the 
 true faith. The name is also spelled Chistiguay. 
 
 49. The order of entries here in the Gazette translation differs a little from that 
 in the Regisler. 
 
 50. Whether this " three" means days, months or years, the Register furnishes 
 no means of determining. In the Gazette translation it is " three years " 
 
 51. No reason can be assigned for the transposition of this and the following 
 entries, except perhaps, that they may have been copied from a separate record in 
 the archives. 
 
 52. This certificate is not found in the published copies of the Recjister, but was 
 sent to me by Mr. Shea. 
 
 Note.— The cut on the back of the title-page represents Bouquet's Kedoubt, 
 marked on the diagram, page 6. It is not, however, an exact representation of 
 that "last reumant of British rule in Pittsburg." The redoubt, which was built in 
 1764, is a two-story brick house, about fifteen feet square. At a sufficient height 
 from each floor a log was put in the wall all round, in which loop-holes for muskets 
 were cut, which may be seen to the present day, although the earth has been filled 
 around the building half way up the walls of the first story. The cut on page 5 
 represents the vicinity of Pittsburg in early times. That on page 6 is properly 
 "the Point," and explains itself. 
 
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 PAGE. 
 
 Preface, 3 
 
 Diagram of Forts Duqueske aîsd Piït, 6 
 
 Inteodtjctory Essay, 7 
 
 "The First Mass," (Poem) 32 
 
 Preface to Eegister, 36- 
 
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