''7 VsT^ )EPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR Franklin K. Lane, Secretary- ID States Geological Survey George Otis Smith, Director 'ATER-SUPPLY Paper 424 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT BY C. H. PIERCE Prepared in cooperadon with the STATE OF VERMONT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 iViOtI!) Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2011 witin funding from Tine Library of Congress littp://www.arcliive.org/details/surfacewatersofvOOpier €: 'm DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Franklin K. Lane, Secretarj^ United States Geological Survey George Otis Smith, Director '^ ^ O Water-Supply Paper 424 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT BY C. H. PIERCE Prepared in cooperation with the STATE OF VERMONT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PKOCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY P. Of D. iAN 24 1918 CONTENTS. Introduction 5 Cooperation 8 Division of work 8 Definition of terms 9 Explanation of data 9 Accuracy of field data and computed results 11 Gaging stations maintained in Vermont 12 St. Lawrence River basin 13 Lake Champlain drainage basin 13 General featiores 13 Gaging-station records 14 Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt 14 Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of Quebec 20 Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt 25 Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt 26 East Creek near Rutland, Vt 35 Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt 39 Winooksi River at Montpelier, Vt 41 Winooski River at Richmond, Vt 50 Winooski River near Winooski, Vt 55 Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, Vt 56 North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt 57 Dog River at Northfield, Vt 65 Dog River near Montpelier, Vt 73 Mad River near Moretown, Vt 74 Waterbury River near Waterbury, ^^t 76 Huntington River at Jonesville, Vt 77 Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt 77 Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt 83 Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt 86 Green River at Garfield, Vt 88 Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt. 90 Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt 101 St. Francis River basin 102 General features 102 Gaging-station records 103 Clyde River at West Derby, Vt 103 Connecticut River basin 110 General features 110 Gaging-station records Ill Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.) Ill Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt 117 Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt 124 White River at Sharon, Vt 124 White River at West Hartford, Vt 130 East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset reservoir, Vt 132 Miscellaneous measurements 134 Convenient equivalents 136 Gazetteer of streams 139 Index , 217-218 3 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Plate I. Map of Vermont showing principal drainage l)asins and location of gaging stations In pocket. II. River survey map of Mad and Waterbury rivers In pocket. Ill, IV. River survey map of Wiuooski River In pocket. V. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station 10 VI. Water-stage recorders: J., Stevens; £, Gur ley printing; C, Piiez... 11 VII. Power station on Otter Creek at Proctor, Vt 26 VIII. A, Power station on Otter Creek at Center Rutland, Vt.; B, Power station at Himtington Falls, Vt 27 IX. Winooski River (right bank) at Montpelier, Vt.: A, Cable car and cable support; B, Gage house 40 X. A, Measuring section on Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., looking upstream; B, Gage house on right bank of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt 41 XI. Lamoille River at Morris^dlle, Vt.: A, Municipal dam; B, Electric- light plant 90 XII. A, Gage house on Missisquoi River near Richiord, Vt., February 12, 1918; B, Wliite River at West Hartford, Vt., February 15, 1916, looking upstream 91 XIII. Hydroelectric plant of New England Power Co. at Vernon, Vt 110 XIV. A, Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., February 11, 1916, looking up- stream; B, Reservoir embankment and measuring weir below Som- erset reservoir, on East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset, Vt. . Ill Figure 1. Gage-height record, Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt 41 2 . Rating curve for Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt 78 4 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. By C. H. Pierce. INTRODUCTION. From the days of the earhest settlements in Vermont the rivers of the State have figured largely in its growth and development. Fol- lowing Indian trails along river valleys, over routes which later were to become main highways of travel and commerce, the hardy pioneers were quick to recognize the importance of- mill sites and to utiHze the water powers in providing themselves with food, clothing, and shelter. Gristmills were soon built to grind the grain raised in the clearings made along the meadows and valleys. Next the saw- mill, with vertical saw, appeared, and houses of pine logs were re- placed by comfortable frame structures constructed from the same abundant material by the aid of power developed on small streams in the neighborhood. For many years clothing was largely the product of the spinning wheel and the hand loom, and when wool for the winter clothing could be prepared in the carding mill, instead of by hand in the household, a big saving in labor was made. With the clearing away of the virgin forests, changes in methods of agri- culture, and improvements in facihties for transportation the com- mimity sawmill and gristmill and the old-time carding mill gave place to other uses of power. As capital became more plentiful larger power units were demanded, and sites on larger streams, affording higher heads, were developed. The miUing industry was continued on a larger scale with wheat and corn brought from the Western States; cotton and woolen factories employed many oper- atives; hydroelectric power was developed for use in mines and quarries, on railroads, and for lighting; shoe shops, box factories, manufactories of leather, and other industries continually increased the demand for power. With the rapid increase in the application of electricity for Ughting, heating, and power during the last decade, there is now hardly a town in the State which is not dependent in some way on power derived from faUing water. How the waters of Vermont can be best used to serve the interests of the citizens of the State is a vital question. Fortunately pure water is abundant, so that the higher use for municipal supply need not seriously interfere with its use for other purposes. 6 SURFACE WATEES OE VERMONT. Municipal ownership and operation of hydroelectric plants has probably been worked out as successfully in Vermont as in any other State, a good illustration being afforded by the Morrisville electric- light and power plant on Lamoille River, where an installation of 1,700 horsepower provides Ught, heat, and power for the people of the town and furnishes power for operating an electric railway. One of the features of this plant is the creation of an artificial lake covering 150 acres and rivahng as a summer resort the natural lakes scattered among the Green Mountains. The trend of modern power development is seen by the unified systems of power plants in some sections of the State, notably in the Winooski River valley, where eight plants, with an aggregate of 7,500 horsepower, are brought together on the same line. Another example is the Vernon plant of the New England Power Co., at Vernon, Vt. (see PI. XIII), and the Readsboro plant on Deerfield River at Readsboro, Vt., which are tied in with other hydroelectric plants of the same company to form a system of 75,000 horsepower. In regard to the combination of water powers, Director George Otis Smith ^ has said : The engineering fact that stands out in the utilization of water power is the compari- tively high efficiency of large systems. Lower costs of operation and better service are results that appear to follow naturally the creation of these combinations of power plants. The combination of several water powers differing in character in order to serve many markets having diversified service requirements makes possible an economic adjustment of supply to demand, and thus the result is a natural tendency to State- wide, and even interstate, units of operation. Nature's irregularities are thus equal- ized and man's varied requirements are similarly balanced. * * * Cheap power promises to be in some future century this country's largest asset in the industrial rivalry among nations. Oiu- unsurpassed coal reserves reinforced by these water-power resources constitute a strong line of national defense in that they form the real basis for an industrial organization of the Nation's workers. It is only through abundant and well-distributed power that the other material resources of the country can be put to their highest use and made to count most in the Nation's devel- opment. The people's interest in water power is greatest in its promise of future social progress, and such an interest is well worth protecting. The history of water-power development shows that the financial success of a project depends largely on the relation of fixed charges, due to construction and operation, to the returns from marketing the power. In most plants the initial cost of construction, including the installation of power units, must be paid by returns from a num- ber of years of operation. Therefore, before construction is under- taken it is necessary to have data showing the power available and whether the run-off throughout the year, on which the effective power wiU depend, will be so distributed as to correspond to the 1 Smith, G. O., The people's interest in water-power resources; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 2, 7-8, 1916. INTHODUCrnON. requirements of the market. The conditions of stream flow in any one year are not likely to be duplicated exactly in any succeeding year, but a knowledge of the conditions existing for a series of years may be used in preidicting the occurrence of critical periods on which the design of a successful power development must largely depend. To meet the increasing need for stream-flow data in all parts of the country, the United States Geological Survey began systematic stream gaging in 1888, by establishing at Embudo, N. Mex., a training school for engineers to be employed in this new work. The methods developed in that school, modified and improved by added experience, have now been generally adopted by engineers not only in this country but in other countries in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres. The work of collecting systematic records of river discharge has been extended to all parts of this country, and records of greater or less length are now available for about 3,800 gaging stations. The first Survey stations in Vermont were installed in 1903. Since that date 25 stations have been established either by the Survey acting alone or by the Survey in cooperation with the State. This report contains all records collected at these stations and all other available records of river discharge collected on streams in Vermont or on its borders. They have been compiled from many reports and from unpublished data and are here brought together in such form that they are readily accessible to all who are interested in the use of the water resources of the State. Most of the stream-flow records on rivers in Vermont cover rela- tively short periods, periods which may not in themselves include either the maximum or minimum limit of the range of variation that may be expected. The value of these records may be materially increased, however, by comparing them with the records for the 16-year period of Connecticut River at Orford, N, H. (Fairlee, Vt.), which are considered accurate, and by a more extended comparison with the 42-year records of Lake Champlain outlet. Owing to the conditions under which the stage-discharge relation of Lake Cham- plain outlet was deduced, the computations based upon it may not be highly accurate throughout, but they are given here for their value in comparing the conditions during the last few years with the conditions prior to the establishment of more accurate measuring stations in the tributary river basins. The data presented in this report should not be considered final or conclusive, for each additional year's record, when used in connection with previous records, adds a value to the total record much greater in proportion than the time ratio of the one year to the total period covered. 8 SUBFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. The hydrologic data are presented in this form with the hope and expectation that they will aidnotonly in developing the water resources of Vermont, but in upbuilding industries that depend in some degree on the utilization of the water resources. COOPERATION. Under authority conferred by Federal and State legislation the investigations have been carried on under cooperative agreements between the Director of the United States Geological Survey and successive governors of Vermont. The principal features of this agreement are: 1. The United States Geological Survey assumes the responsi- bility of gathering, analyzing, and publishing the data. 2. During the progress of the work all notes, maps, and data gathered as a result of field studies are at all times open to inspection by the representative of the State, and if they are not entirely satis- factory the agreement can be terminated. 3. Accounts for payment of salaries, travel and subsistence, sup- plies, or other expense necessary to the completion of the work shall be rendered in the manner required by the laws and regulations of the contracting parties, and vouchers shall be referred to either party for payment according to convenience or to the balance remain- ing in the respective allotments. 4. The cost of publication is borne entirely by the Geological Survey. Assistance in obtaining stream-flow records has been rendered by several engineers and by representatives of power companies and business organizations. The engineering schools of the State have also shown an active interest in the work. Specific acknowledg- ment of individual cooperation is made in connection with the descrip- tion of the station. DIVISION OF WORK. Investigations of the water resources in Vermont were begun by H. K. Barrows under the direction of F. H. Newell, chief hydro- grapher, and N. C. Grover, district hydrographer; from 1904 to 1909 the work was carried on by H. K. Barrows, district engineer; by T. W. Norcross ha 1910; from 1910 to 1914, by C. C. Covert, dis- trict engineer; and subsequent to 1914 by C. H. Pierce. Various assistants whose names appear in connection with discharge measure- ments listed in this report have participated in the work. Special acknowledgment should be made to Prof. A. D. Butterfield and to Prof. G. M. Brett, who made the special investigation and survey of the Winooski River basin in 1910. The ratings, computations, estimates of flow during winter periods, and special studies of data for this report have been made by C. H. Pierce, district engineer, assisted by Hardin Thwep.tt and Hope Hearn. EXPLANATION OF DATA. 9 DEFINITION OF TERMS. The volume of water flowing in a stream — the ''run-off" or ''dis- charge" — ^is expressed in various terms, each of which has become associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided into two groups — (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as second- feet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in seccaid- feet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and miUions of cubic feet. The principal terms used in this report are second-feet, second- feet per square mile, run-off in inches, and millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows : "Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 1 square foot in cross section at an average velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given in the tables of convenient equivalents (p. 136). "Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as regards time and area. "Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth of inches. "MiUions of cubic feet" is appUed to quantities of water stored in reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood control and of storage. The following terms not in common use are here defined : "Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "rela- tion of gage height to discharge." "Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the stream below the gage which determine the discharge relation at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the same sec- tion or sections at all stages. The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point on the gage — the gage height — to which the surface of the river would fall if there were no flow. EXPLANATION OF DATA. The data presented in this report are divided into periods begin- ning October 1 and ending September 30 of the following year. lu Vermont on the 1st of January in most years much of the precipita- tion during the preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of snow or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this 10 SURI'ACE WATEBS OF VERMONT. stored water passes off in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is possibly a small quantity in the ground ; there- fore the run-off for the year is practically all derived from pre- cipitation within that year. The base data collected at gaging stations (PI. V, B) consist of records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from direct readings on a staff or chain gage or from a water-stage recorder (PI. VI) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a cm-rent meter (PI. V, A) by the general methods outlined in standard textbooks on the meas- urement of river discharge. From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from which monthly and yearly mean discharge is determined. The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off. If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measure- ments are published. The description of the station gives, in addition to statements regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any con- ditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of back- water; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records. The table of daily discharge gives the discharge in second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At stations on streams subject to rapid changes in stage the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If such stations are equipped with automatic gages the true mean daily discharge may be obtained by applying the rating table to gage heights at short inter- vals throughout the day. In the table of monthly discharge the column headed ''Maximum" gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE V A. PRICE CURRENT METERS. ^mmm/. B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION. ACGUBACY OF FIELD DATA. 11 height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed ''Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, which are defined on pages 9-10, are based. The deficiency table presented for some of the gaging stations shows the number of days in each year on which the mean daily discharge was less than the discharge given in the table. By sub- traction the table gives the number of days each year that the mean daily discharge was between the discharges given in the table and, also by subtraction, the number of days that the mean daily dis- charge was equal to or greater than the discharge given. For con- venience the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall corresponding to the discharge is also given. In using the table for studies of power, allowance should be made for the various losses, the most important being wheel loss and head loss. ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS. The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of records. Footnotes added to the daily discharge tables give information regarding the probable accuracy of the rating tables used, and an acciu'acy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For the rating tables, "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly weU defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate," within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve. The letter in the column headed "Accuracy," in the monthly dis- charge table, rates the accuracy of the monthly mean and not that of the maximum or minimum discharge or the discharge for any one day. The rating is determined by considering the accuracy of the rating curve, the probable rehabiUty of the observer, the number of gage readings per day, the range of the fluctuation in stage, and local conditions. In this column A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes. The monthly means for any station may represent with high accu- racy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 12 SURFACE AVATEES OF VERMONT. may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large non- contributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of information concerning water diverted, or by inabiUty to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such errors appear probable. All figures representing "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches) " previously published by the Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent sources of error not known to the engineers making the computations. The table of monthly discharge gives a general idea of the flow at the station and should be used only for preUminary estimates ; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw new light on data previously published. GAGING STATIONS MAINTAINED IN VERMONT. The following list comprises the gaging stations in Vermont main- tained hj the United States Geological Survey and cooperating par- ties. The stations are grouped by river basins and arranged in downstream order, with tributaries of main streams indicated by indention. The dates indicate the years or parts of years for which records are available. A dash following the date indicates that the station was being maintained September 30, 1916. (See PI. I, at end of volume.) ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. liake (Jhamplain at Burlington, 1907- Lake-Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Pro\ince of Quebec, 1875-1916. Poultney River near Fair HaA^en, 1908. Otter Creek at Middlebury, 190.3-1907; 1910- East Creek near Rutland, 1911-1913. Winooski River above Stevens Branch, 1909-1913. Winooski River at Montpelier, 1909- Winooski River at Richmond, 1903-1907; 1910. Winooski River near M^inooski, 1903. Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, 1910. North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, 1909-1914. Dog River at Northfield, 1909- Dog River near Montpelier, 1910. Mad River near Moretown, 1910. Waterbiuy River near Waterbury, 1910. Huntington RiA^er at JonesAdlle, 1910. Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, 1909-10; 1913- Lamoille River at Johnson, 1910-1913. Lamoille River at West Milton, 1903. Green River at Garfield, 1915- ^lissisquoi River near Richford, 1909- Missisquoi River at Swan ton, 1903. St. Francis River: Clyde River at West Derby, 1909- LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 18 CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. Connecticut River at Orford, N. H, (Fairlee Vt.), 1900- Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, 1909- Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, 1903. White River at Sharon, 1903-1904; 1909-1912. White River at West Hartford, 1915- Deerfield River: East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset, 1912- ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Lake Champlain occupies a long, narrow valley lying between the Green Mountains on tlie east and the Adirondacks on the west. A very small part of the lake is in the Province of Quebec, Canada, and the boundary between northeastern New York and northwestern Vermont passes through its center. The lake outlet is Richelieu River, which flows northward from Rouses Point, on the international boundary, to St. Lawrence River. The elevation of the lake surface at ordinary stage is about 95 feet above tide and the area of the water surface is 436 square miles. The valley is irregular in form, being about 75 miles wide from a point opposite Middlebury, Vt., northward to Rouses Point, and about 35 miles in average width south of Middlebury. The lake itself is somewhat more than 100 miles long and is narrow. For 40 miles below Whitehall, N. Y., at its head, it is in no place more than a mile wide and in general not over a quarter of a mile, forming virtually a drowned river. Opposite Port Henry, at the point on which stands the ante-Revolutionary Fort Frederick, it offsets sharply to the west, and then resumes with increasing width its northerly course. In the widest part, which is just north of Burlington, Vt., 10 miles of clear water intervenes between shore and shore. The northern end contains many islands, both large and small. The depth of the northern part of the lake is in general 200 to 300 feet, but south of Fort Frederick it is much less. The region tributary to Lake Champlain is very rugged, and the soil has little depth except in the stream valleys. On the west the foothills of the Adirondacks extend in one or two places down to the water, but in general the main ridges lie 10 to 25 miles back from the shore. On the Vermont side the slopes are less rugged than those on the New York side, and the surface ascends gradually from the lake shore to the summits of the Green Mountains, 20 miles or more away. The entire region is picturesque and beautiful in the highest degree. The lake is fed almost entirely by large tributaries, including Mettawee, Big Chazy, Saranac, Ausable, and Bouquet rivers and the Lake George outlet from the New York side, and Poultney, Otter 14 SURFACT' WATERS OP VERMONT. Breek, Winooski, Lamoille, and Missisquoi rivers from Vermont. There are a few intermediate streams and brooks flowing directly into the lake, but the area drained by these is relatively small. Estimates of the drainage area of Lake Champlain differ consider- ably. The total area of the lake and tributary drainage basins above Chambly, Province of Quebec, as determined from the best available maps, is 8,440 square miles, distributed as follows: Square miles. Land area in Vermont, except islands 4, 428 Land area in New York, except islands 2, 724 Islands 55 Land area in Canada above outlet 487 Total land area above outlet 7, 694 Water surface in Canada 17 Water surface in United States 419 Total water surface 436 Total area above outlet 8, 130 Eichelieu River, Rouses Point to Chambly 310 Total area above Chambly '. 8, 440 Richelieu River, Chambly to mouth 630 Total area above mouth 9, 070 Records of elevation of water surface at the outlet of the lake have been kept at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y., by the United States Engineer Corps since 1875, and the discharge of the lake has been determined from observations made at the Chambly dam in 1898 by the United States Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways. Since May, 1907, records of elevation of the lake have been kept at a gage near the dock of the Champlain Transportation Co. at Burlington, Vt., and refeiTed to the datum of the Fort Montgomery gage by a series of comparative readings. GAGING- STATION RECORDS. LrAKE CHAMPLAIN AT BURLINGTON, VT. Location. — On south side of roadway leading to dock of Champlain Transportation Co., at foot of King Street, Burlington, Vt. Records available. — May 1, 1907, to September 30, 1916. Gage. — Staff; read once daily. Comparison of gage readings indicates that zero of gage at Burlington is at practically the same elevation as that of gage at Fort Montgomery — 92.5 feet above mean sea level. Extremes of stage. — 1907-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 8.20 feet April 7, 1913; minimum stage, —0.25 foot December 4, 1908. Ice. — Lake does not usually freeze over in its wider parts until late in January, and in some years not until February, and then for only a few days. At its northern end, above the outlet, the lake is usually covered with ice from the middle of De- cember to the middle of April. Cooperation. — Gage heights furnished through the courtesy of Mr. D. A. Loomis, general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co. LAKE CHAMPLAIN.DEAINA.rxE BASIN. 15 Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Cham-plain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1907-1916. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1907. 1 5.5 5.63 4.16 2.15 1.00 2 3 4.0 3.93 3.8 "s.'n* 3.65 "3.' 52' 3.5 3.42 3.32 3.2 3.2 ""i'o" "i'g" 2.9 2.85 "2.' 82" 2.8 2.10 1.00 4 5.7 5 1 2.10 2.05 2.00 2.00 1.90 1.25 6 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.92 1.30 7 1.40 g g 1.44 10 1.44 11 5.85 2.8 2.76 2.7 "2.' 65* 2.6 2.55 2.55 2.5 2.45 "i.'so" 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.65 1.55 "i.'so" 1.45 1.40 1.40 1.36 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.7 "i.'es' 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 ....... 1.4 1.35 1.3 1.25 1.2 "i.'2"" 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 "i."i " 1.1 1.05 1.0 .99 .99 .98 .98 1.42 12 13 5.62 5.62 5.45 5.38 5.37 5.3 1.50 14 1.60 15 16 . ... 1.60 1 1.50 18 1.50 19 1.50 20 5.1 1.50 21 1.40 22 5.0 4.9 4.82 4.72 2.9 "2.' 85' 2.45 2.4 2.4 2.35 2.35 2.3 "2." 25" 2.2 2.18 2.95 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.55 2.5 2.3 "2." 2" 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 "i."85' 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.75 23 1.35 24 1.30 25 1.35 26 1.30 27 - - 4.5 "2." 85" 2.9 2.9 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.85 4.75 "i's" 4.46 4.35 4.3 4.3 4.05 1.30 28 I 1.29 29 4.4 4.3 4.23 6.0 6.15 "h'.'zh' 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.45 30 1.30 31 1907-8. 1 1.30 1.40 2.65 2.60 5.95 5.85 5.95 5.95 .98 2 2.90 2.80 2.75 2.90 2.80 2.75 "2.' 85" 2.80 3.25 3.70 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 04.45 .98 3 .98 1.47 1.47 2.80 2.95 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.60 3.65 3.60 3.64 3.55 3.50 3.35 3.40 3.40 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 .98 5 6 ... 5.8 5.78 5.8 7 1.50 8 10 1.90 1.90 2.00 5.85 5.9 11 . 12 4.2 13 4.3 4.2 4.15 4.1 4.1 4.05 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.5 2.17 2.18 2.20 2.20 2.20 3.5 3.75 15 6.45 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.86 "i'.h" 3.55 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.25 "z.'q" 16 17 4.22 4.4 "I'.K' 18 20 3.75 3.95 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.0 21 4.45 "4.' 4" 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.02 22 3.70 3.70 4.0 3.95 4.55 23 2.10 2.08 2.00 2.00 25 3.18 3.15 3.15 3.13 3.10 3.05 5.45 6.65 26 4.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.3 28 4.00 .27 2.20 2.50 2.65 30 4.25 4.40 i 5.75 5.85 31 1 73175°— wsp 424—17- o Gage height to top of ice. —2 16 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1907-1916— Contimied. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jtme. July. Aug. Sept. 1908-9. 1 .. . 3.48 ai.io 6.95 "6." 96' 6.90 6.80 6.00 6.92 6.78 6.65 1 00 2 0.25 3.40 3.35 '"3.'25' 3.15 3.10 1.85 1.80 1.78 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.00 1 00 3 -0.10 - .25 - .18 1.33 4 1 00 5 .. .. -0.05 04.45 6 90 7 6.70 6.70 "h'.io 7.00 7.17 7.18 7.10 7.08 5.45 5.40 5.35 6.20 6.10 5.00 "4.' 80' 4.72 88 8 .25 1.67 3.60 5.37 5.80 85 9 .12 3.00 2.90 '"2.' 75' 2.65 2.65 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.37 2.30 2.25 1.52 1.60 1.49 1.45 1.40 1.35 83 10 80 11 ... . -0.18 .33 1.90 80 12 .12 5.95 13 75 14 .05 .05 72 15 2.06 3.55 6.55 6.95 7.05 16 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 "i."26' 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.10 1.10 "i.'io' 1.05 1.90 . 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 80 17 . - .18 7.00 7.08 7.08 7.04 6.95 6.90 ' "6." 68" 6.65 6.45 6.30 6.20 6.15 4.30 4.25 4.20 18 - .05 70 19 2.30 7.35 7.56 7.61 7.50 7.54 7.52 20 .075 - .18 .50 .60 21 58 22 2.66 3.30 . 51 23 - .21 .53 50 24 2.90 3.06 3.02 3.36 .60 25. .70 .93 1.03 1.17 1.20 1.25 69 26 7.41 7.31 7.13 7.13 3.95 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.98 1.95 1.90 3.15 3.10 "i'gs" 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.40 "2.' 46' 2.35 2.30 2.25 "i'.ih' "i'io' 2.00 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 27 28 - .15 -"."os" 70 29 . 3.67 . 70 30 80 31. 1909-10. 1.. .75 .75 .40 .40 .42 .42 .42 .42 5.40 5.50 "5." 45' 5.40 5.30 6.38 5.40 5.40 5.38 5.35 5.30 5.20 5.10 5.05 "4.' 85' 4.85 4.85 4.80 4.75 4.70 "4.' 60" 4.52 4.45 4.45 4.40 '"4.' 36' 4.40 4.50 4.50 4.50 "i'.ho 4.40 4.00 4.35 4.30 4.28 4.05 4.00 3.90 3.85 3.85 3.80 ""3.' 75' 3.75 3.60 3.70 3.75 3.75 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.65 3.60 3.60 3.78 3.85 3.90 3.90 "'3." 85' 3.85 3.80 3.75 3.75 3.70 "3.' 65' 3.60 3.55 3.50 3.45 3.40 ""3.' 46' 3.40 1.40 2 O1.80 2.55 2.97 3 .50 4 .80 .80 .80 .80 .80 1.33 6 . 1.30 7 1.25 8 .35 .35 .30 .30 .38 .40 O1.80 '■4.' 53' 4.63 1.30 9 10 1.75 1.75 1.70 1.70 "i.'io' 1.70 1.70 1.65 1.65 1.65 "i.'es' 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.35 1.35 "i.'ss' 1.40 1.40 1.40 11 .75 .75 .70 .70 .65 .60 1.40 12 . 4.70 1.40 13 1.35 14 .75 0.71 1.80 4.78 4.80 4.75 4.70 4.70 4.55 1.33 15 1.30 16 .40 1.30 17 1.30 18 .60 .45 19 a. 70 1.25 20 .55 .50 .50 .52 .25 1.25 21 1.90 4.60 4.68 4.65 4.65 4.75 4.95 1.20 22 1.20 23 24 1.15 1.40 1.10 25 .50 .45 .45 .45 26 1.05 27 .73 28 i.eo 2.00 5.15 5.20 5.30 5.25 1.05 29 1.05 30 .42 3.15 1.05 31 1 1 3.80 a Gage height to top of ice. LAKE CHAMPLAIN- DRAINAGE BASIN. 17 Daily gage height, in feet, of Lalce Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1907-1916— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1910-11. 1 1.00 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.35 1.35 1.37 6.00 6.05 6.25 6.23 6.15 6.10 5.95 "5.' 85' 5.80 5.70 .5.55 5.40 5.25 5.12 5.05 4.95 4.85 4.80 "4.' 55' 3.75 3.65 3.55 2.15 "i'io "i.io 1.10 1.10 1.10 "i.'65 60 2 . .. .60 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.50 2.94 2.97 4 . .. .60 5 1.25 "i'.'w' 1.40 1.47 1.40 1.45 1.37 1.35 1.35 1.33 1.30 3.48 3.40 3.30 3.25 3.15 3.12 "3.' 65' 3.00 2.95 2.90 2.00 1.95 60 6 3.05 3.38 3.82 .60 7 .60 8 9 2.00 1.80 1.80 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.58 .85 .85 .85 .85 10 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.17 1.17 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 4.48 4.64 4.75 4.90 5.05 5.33 ' "5.'82' 5.90 5.92 5.93 5.94 5.95 11 12 02.10 02.20 02.10 02.10 1.70 1.70 .65 13 14 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.43 .80 .80 .80 .78 .78 .78 .55 15 . 16 .52 17 2.20 "2.' 75' 2.68 2.60 2.55 2.50 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.20 6.08 '"6.'46" 6.40 6.40 6.30 6.20 6.10 "6.'66" 5.90 5.83 5.75 5.66 5.50 "5.' 46' 5.20 5.00 4.90 4.82 4.70 "4." 66' 4.50 4.50 4.20 4.10 4.00 1.55 1.51 1.45 18 .56 19 . .60 20 .60 21 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.35 1.35 1.35 '"i.'35' 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.05 "i.'io' 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.20 "i.'22' 1.28 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 ' 'i.'so" 1.35 1.40 1.40 1.80 1.40 1.40 "i.'36' 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.15 "i.is' 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.60 3.50 3.50 ' '3.' 36' 3.20 .70 .70 .70 .65 .64 "".ho .52 .60 .60 .60 2.05 2.00 2.00 "2." 66' 1.95 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.85 .58 22 . 23 24 1.10 1.10 2.10 5.90 5.90 5.89 5.90 5.95 5.95 4.40 4.30 4.20 4.10 "4.' 66' 3.90 3.80 7.20 6.89 6.80 6.70 6.60 6.40 6.20 6.10 6.00 5.93 "5." 76' 5.60 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 ' '5.' 56' 5.50 5.65 5.65 5.63 5.60 5.60 25 26 .60 27 1.15 1.25 1.90 2.15 2.40 28 .57 29 1.20 30 .52 31 1.20 2.80 "i.'72" 3.50 3.78 3.90 3.90 3.98 4.25 1911-12. 1 1.50 1.50 "i.'so' 1.50 1.50 1.55 1.55 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.70 1.90 2.10 2.20 ' "2.' so' 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.45 "2.' 56' 2.70 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.80 "2.' so' 2.80 2.80 2.70 2.65 2.30 2.30 2.30 2 1.50 3 1.48 4 1.48 5 2.30 1.72 1 45 6 1.45 .65 '1.43 8 2.57 2.55 2.40 2.40 2.30 2.28 "2.'i5' 2.15 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 5.39 6.00 6.29 6.38 6.41 6.49 9 .65 .65 .68 .68 .70 .70 "i'io" 1.74 1.43 10 1 40 11 1.40 12 1.74 3.00 2.90 "2.' 75' 2.60 2.55 2.50 2.48 2.48 "2.' .56' 2.50 2.40 2.30 2.30 2.20 ' '2.' 26' 2.10 2.05 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.75 1.75 "i.'75' 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.65 1.62 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1 40 13 1.38 14 2.10 1.38 15 6.45 6.65 6.87 7.05 7.20 7.32 ' '7.' 25' 7.33 7.35 7.42 7.48 7.55 16 .65 .65 .65 .75 .85 .90 ' "2.' 66' 1.90 "i'.io 1.78 "i.'ss' 2.05 2.20 2.28 2.48 2.58 1 40 7 1 45 S 1 50 9 1 60 20 1 60 !1 1.65 !2 2.25 2.47 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 "i'.ii' J3 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.10 1.10 1.10 1 80 J4 1 88 25 1.72 2.65 2.68 2.68 2.70 2.82 3.00 1 90 !6 1 90 >7 1 88 !8 1.88 >9 2.60 2.60 2.60 1.72 7.55 7.30 "5.' 96" 5.95 1.10 1.15 1 90 1 a Gage height to top of ice. 18 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1907-1916— QontiuuQd. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1912-13. 1 1.90 1.90 1.88 1.88 1.88 2.38 2.35 "2.'35' 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.70 3.00 3.20 3.22 3.30 .3.35 3.40 3.50 3.50 3.48 3.45 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.58 3.42 3.40 3.20 3.10 3.00 .80 '".'so" .80 .78 .78 .80 .80 ■".'so' .82 .82 .85 .85 .85 "".'87' .87 .90 .90 .92 .92 '".'92' 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 3.00 3.03 "3.' 65' 3.00 2.97 2.98 2.95 2.95 2.93 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 "2.' 95' 2.98 2.98 2.95 2.93 2.93 ' '2." 96' 2.90 1.05 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.10 1.15 "i.'is' 1.18 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 "i'.m 1.20 1.22 1.22 1.25 1.25 "i.'25' 1.28 1.30 "3.' 66' 3.10 3.12 4.35 j 7.80 1 7.85 1 7.90 8.00 8.10 5.62 5.59 5.55 "s.'ss' 5.25 5.08 4.98 4.85 4.72 "4.' 54' 4.48 4.43 4.38 4.26 4.20 "4.' 66' 3.88 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.75 3.72 3.72 3.75 3.85 "3.' 96' 7.50 7.45 "7.' 36' 7.28 7.24 7.18 7.12 7.05 6.95 6.88 6.78 6.60 6.55 6.50 "6.'36' 6.08 5.82 5.72 5.60 5.50 " "5. 2S' 5.16 5.08 4.90 4.75 4.60 "3.' 87' 3.82 3.82 3.80 3.80 3.80 "3.' 78' 3.65 3.58 3.54 3.52 3.47 3.39 3.18 3.10 3.02 2.95 2.90 "2.' 86' 2.76 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.68 ' '2.".56" 4.50 4.38 4.29 4.22 4.16 4.02 "3.' 96" 3.78 3.65 .3.60 3.55 3.48 "s.'so' 3.22 3.15 3.03 2.90 2.78 ' 'i'es' 2.65 2.62 2.58 2.55 2. .55 ' '2." 55' 2.52 2.52 2.43 2.40 2.38 2.38 "2.'35' 2.32 2.32 2.28 2.25 2.22 "2.' 26' 2.10 2.07 2.04 1.98 1.90 1.82 1.80 1.70 1.70 1.65 1.62 "i.'eo" 1..54 1.54 1.52 2.52 2.50 2. .50 "2.' 43 2.43 2.38 2.38 2.32 2.30 2.30 "2.' 24' 2.22 2.18 2.16 2.16 2.16 "2." is' 2.13 2.12 2.12 1.94 1.72 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.48 1.48 "i."43' 1.40 1.38 1.28 1.28 1.23 1.23 1.20 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.11 " 'i.'og' 1.28 1.23 1.22 1.18 1.10 "i.'68' 1.05 1.00 1.00 .98 .90 0.83 72 2 3.. 4.28 4.20 70 4 70 5 68 6 . . .. 3.25 3.25 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 65 7 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.78 1.75 4.00 3.95 8.20 8.10 8.05 7.90 7.70 7.65 "7.' 52' 7.40 7.20 7.20 7.13 7.00 6.80 6.70 6.52 6.48 6.38 6.28 "6.05' 6.95 5.78 3.52 3.80 4.00 4.12 4.21 4.26 4.34 4.55 4.90 4.99 S 65 9 . . .. 60 10 3.90 60 11 58 12 .56 13 3.33 3.40 3.40 3.42 3.50 3.60 50 14. 1.75 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 15 3.50 50 16 .50 17 18 19 4.10 4.15 4.25 4.40 4.45 4.63 .50 ..50 .50 20 4.10 4.25 4.35 4.40 4.60 .50 21 22 23 1.70 1.70 1.80 1.85 1.92 2.28 ""."56 .50 24 4.85 5.15 6.65 6.48 7.20 7.56 .50 25 .50 26 .50 27 .50 28 2.50 2.45 2.42 2.40 .60 .50 .55 4.60 4.50 4.40 .50 30 ..50 31 7.64 1913-14. 1 1.55 '^48' 1.48 1.47 1.43 1.42 1.42 "i.'37" 1.36 1.36 1.33 1.32 1.32 ""i.'29' 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.16 1.12 ' 'i.'os' 1.06 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 2 1.32 1.32 ' 'i.'28' 1.28 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.22 i.i? 1.17 1.15 1.15 l.lO 1.05 "i.'es' 1.05 3 1.05 1.08 5 .60 .63 .65 .65 .65 .63 .62 1.10 6 7..: 1.10 8 1.08 1.80 1.06 10 1.06 11 1.04 12 1.22 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.03 13 .60 .60 .60 .62 .62 .63 5.13 5.18 6.20 5.24 6.32 6.38 14 1.00 15 1.00 16 1.68 1.80 1.00 17 1.20 .96 18 .95 19 1.19 1.19 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 .90 20 .65 .65 .65 .65 .65 .65 2.10 6.74 6.35 6.73 6.98 6.98 6.95 "7.' 65' 7.10 7.20 7.35 21 .87 22 .87 23 .87 24 2.17 .85 25 .85 26 .95 .95 .98 1.00 1.30 1.30 "i.'32' 1.32 1.32 1.17' 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.18 1.18 2.22 2.30 2.60 1 "3.i2' 3.40 ' .85 27 .70 .75 .80 .80 ,80 28 .83 29 .82 .82 31 i.63 LAKK OHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN, 19 Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the years evAing Sept. SO, 1907-1916--Contm\ied. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1914-15. I 0.82 .82 .82 "6.'57" .57 .56 .56 .56 .56 .55 .55 .54 .54 .53 .53 .52 .50 .50 .50 .55 .57 .63 "".'76" .78 .78 .78 .78 .83 "'".'85' 0.85 .87 .88 .90 .90 0.87 2.85 2.80 2.78 3.35 ' '3.' 32' 3.30 3.26 3.20 3.18 3.12 "3.' 06' 3.04 3.01 2.95 2.91 2.87 "2.' 80' 2.73 2.69 2.64 2.60 2.56 "2." 56' 2.50 2.50 2.43 2.38 2.35 "2.' 36' 5.60 5.52 5.48 5.42 5.38 5.33 "5.' 26' 5.09 4.98 4.93 4.87 4.80 " "4." 60' 4.50 4.55 4.70 4.88 4.90 "4." 83" 4.80 4.80 4.74 4.68 4.62 "'142' 4.40 4.48 2.28 2.25 2.23 2.19 2.11 " "2." 63" 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.82 1.82 "i'.sb' 1.80 1.78 1.78 1.75 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.69 1.68 1.65 ""i."56" 1.52 1.45 4.55 4.55 4.52 " "4." 43" 4.37 4.30 4.23 4.20 4.15 ""4." 08" 4.08 4.03 3.96 3.94 3.91 ""3." 87" 3.85 3.85 3.84 3.83 3.83 3.80 3.79 3.77 3.76 3.75 1.49 1.47 1.43 "i.i'l 1.40 1.40 1.38 1.54 1.59 "'i.'es' 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.68 1.66 ""i."7i" 1.74 1.78 1.76 1.72 1.70 1.66 1.65 1.61 1.66 1.64 1.63 3.75 ""3."7S" 3.69 3.67 3.62 3.58 3.55 "'3." 47" 3.43 3.35 3.27 3.18 3.13 ""3.' 64" 2.98 2.94 2.90 2.87 2.85 ""2." 76" 2.73 2.71 2.68 2.63 2.55 ""2." 43" '"i."59" 1.57 1.55 1.54 1.52 1.51 '"i."48" 1.47 1.47 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.42 1.42 1.40 ""i."38" 1.35 1.35 1.33 1.32 1.30 ""i."27" 1.25 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.25 2.17 ""2."i4" 2.13 2.12 2.10 2.10 2.08 " "2." 63" 2.00 1.96 1.96 1.93 1.87 1.82 1.80 1.83 1.82 1.81 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.25 2 . .. 1.25 3 1.25 4 .83 1.25 5 .80 .80 .79 .79 .76 .75 2.75 2.72 2.72 2.74 2.75 2.80 g 1.18 7 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.04 ""i.'os" 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.05 1.04 .79 .79 .79 1.15 8 1.35 3.40 1.12 9 1.11 10 1.10 11 .80 .83 .84 .84 .87 .87 "'".'93' 1.18 1.10 12 .70 .67 .67 .65 .65 .63 3.18 3.45 3.63 3.64 3.65 3.65 13 1.09 It 1.09 15 "i.'ra" 3.45 1.09 16. 1.09 18 1.09 .68 .70 .70 .72 .72 .72 3.68 3.70 3.64 3.60 3.58 3.55 20 1.10 21 1.02 1.00 1.00 .97 1.10 1.10 23. 1.88 1.98 2.28 2.90 1.10 24 1.10 25 1.10 26 .67 .66 .64 .60 .58 .94 2.96 3.50 3.46 3.40 3.38 3.38 98 28 .89 .88 .87 .87 .83 .83 .87 .90 .94 .94 .96 .97 .97 1.02 .92 29 86 30 .83 1915-16. 1 .78 .75 .68 .68 .68 .67 .67 .67 .66 .65 .65 .65 .65 ""'."67" .67 .67 .68 .68 .69 ■■■■-■ .73 .78 .78 .78 .78 "'"."si" .81 ""i."62' 1.68 1.71 3.08 3.30 3.85 1.53 1.50 3 4.62 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.03 5.10 1 47 4 .73 .80 .90 .90 .88 .88 3.30 1.44 5 1 41 6 1 38 7 3.30 1. 35 8 1.31 1.28 10 1.85 5.15 5.15 5.18 5.19 5.22 5.32 1.25 11 .85 .85 .82 .80 .78_ .78 1.23 1.20 13 1.08 1.11 1.12 1.15 1.15 1.18 1.20 14 3.18 1.20 15 1.20 16 1.20 2.00 5.33 5.40 1 20 18 .75 .75 .80 .80 .78 .77 3.05 1.20 19... 1 20 20 1.20 1.20 1.22 1.22 1.25 "'i."28" 1.30 1.30 1.45 1.60 2.93 5.44 5.45 5.45 1 20 21 1 20 22 1.20 23 1 23 24 2.05 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.45 2.60 5.60 5.65 5.68 5.75 5.72 5.68 25 .73 .71 .71 .70 .69 .69 2.80 1 25 26 1 18 27 2.60 2.65 1 10 28 1 13 29 1.18 30 3.05 3.48 1 20 31 2.95 20 SURFACE WATEKS OF VERMONT. LAKE CHAMPLAIN OUTLET (RICHELIEU RIVER) AT CHAMBLY, PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. Measuring points.— Elevation of water euiiace recorded at Fort Montgomery, near Rouses Point, N. Y., and at Burlington, Vt. Discharge computed at the dam at Chambly, Province of Quebec. Drainage area. — 8,130 square miles above outlet; 8,440 square miles above dam at Chambly, Province of Quebec (place of measurement), including 436 square miles of water surface. Records available. — ^January 1, 1875, to September 30, 1916. Gages. — ^Reference points on the base of the scari> -wall at Fort Montgomery and on a flagstone in a well within the fort inclosure. Staff gage at dock of Champlain Transportation Co. at Burlington. Both gages are referred to a datum 92.-5 feet above mean sea level. Determination of discharge. — Observations of depth and discharge at the Chambly dam were made in 1898 by the United States Board of Engineers on Deep Water- ways. A discharge rating curve has been constructed from the observations at the Chambly dam referred to the gages at Fort Mongtomery and Burlington. Extremes op stage. — ^Maximum stage: From observations at St. Johns, Province of Quebec, in April, 1869, the computed elevation of water surface in Lake Cham- plain was 103.28 feet above mean sea level (flow at Chambly not determined); minimum stage, 91.9 feet above mean sea level at the Fort Montgomery gage, November 13, 1908 (flow not determined). Ice. — ^The effect of the ice cover at the outlet of the lake on the discharge rating cm've is unknown but is probably small. Open water rating cm've used in determining discharge throughout the year. Accuracy. — Comparison with run-off records on tributary streams and with rainfall records in the basin indicates that the determinations of monthly discharge may be considered fair, but it should be noted that several months may elapse between heavy precipitation and high stages in streams in the upper basin and the corre- sponding increase in the run-off at the outlet of Lake Champlain. Records of precipitation at Burlington, Vt., are given for purposes of comparison only, as they are not considered fairly representative of the average rainfall over the Champlain basin; the precipitation is much greater near the headwaters of the tributary drainage basins than at Burlington or other places along the lake. Monthly discharge of Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chamhly, Province of Quebec, for the years ending Sept. SO, 1875-1916. [Drainage area, 8,440 square miles.] Discharge in second- feet. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Precipi- tation in inches at Burling- ton, Vt. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Precipi- tation in Month. Mean. Per square mile. Mean. Per square mile. inches at BurUng- ton, Vt. 1875. January February March April May 5, 800 5,000 8,700 19,200 21, 500 15,900 11,700 9,500 8,200 0.687 .699 1.03 2.27 2.55 1.88. 1.39 1.13 .972 1.40 0.79 .73 1.19 2.53 2.94 2.10 L60 L30 1.08 14.26 1.26 .86 1.12 1.38 3.56 3.00 2.73 2.84 4.56 21.31 1875-76. October..... NoA^ember. . . December... .lanuary February March April Mav 9,300 12,300 11,300 14,400 13,900 16,100 22,700 30,400 20,700 13,900 9,400 6,600 1.10 1.46 1.34 1.71 1.65 1.91 2.69 3.60 2.45 1.65 1.11 .782 L27 1.63 L54 1.97 1.7S 2.20 3.00 4.15 2.73 1.90 1.28 .87 3.54 L34 .75 1.60 1.31 June JrJy 3.11 2.38 August 2.30 September... .Tune Tuly 2.91 2.49 The period 11, 800 August September. . . The year. . 2.66 4.82 1.5, 100 1.79 24.32 29.21 LAKE CHAIVIPLAIJS' DKAIJNAGE BASlJN . 21 Monthly discharge of Lake Champlain outlet {Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875-1916 — Continued. Month. 1876-77. October N ovember. . December . . January February. . . March April May .Tune July Aueust September.. The year. ■ 1877-78. October November. . December.. January February. . . March April May June 3uly Auirust September.. The year . 1878-79. October November. . December . . January February. . . March April June July August September.. The year. 1879-80. October November. . December . . January February. . . March April May June July Aus:ust September. . The year. 1880-81. October November. . December.. January February. . . March April May June July August September.. The year. Discharge in second-feet. Mean. 6,000 5,700 5,000 4,900 5,200 8,300 19, 100 17, 200 11, 700 10, 900 10, 100 8,600 9,370 8,100 10, 900 12, 300 10, 400 8,700 12, 000 19,300 21,200 13, 800 10, 100 Vi, 100 12,700 12, 700 14,000 5,600 6,100 11,000 11,300 14, 000 15,900 17,100 15, 800 11,400 8,500 6,300 4,400 10, 600 3,800 9,100 8,300 6,900 8,200 13,900 15, 500 20, 300 14,500 10,100 8,000 6,500 10, 500 Per square mile. 0.711 .675 .592 .581 .616 983 2.26 2.04 1.39 1.29 1.20 1.02 1.11 .960 1.29 1.46 1.23 1.03 1.42 2.29 2.51 1.64 1.20 1.55 1.50 1.51 1.02 1.10 2.11 1.75 1.50 1.64 2.30 3.20 1.97 1.42 1.05 .664 .723 1.30 1.34 1.66 1.88 2.03 1.87 1.35 1.01 .746 .521 1.26 .450 .818 .972 1.65 1.84 2.41 1.72 1.20 .948 .770 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 0.82 .75 .68 .67 .64 1.13 2.52 2.35 1.55 1.49 1.38 1.14 15.12 1.11 1.44 1.68 1.42 1.07 1.64 2.56 2.89 1.83 1.38 1.79 1.67 ?0.4S 1.18 1.23 2.43 2.02 1.56 1.89 2. .57 3.69 2.20 1.64 1.21 .90 22.52 .77 .81 1.50 1.55 1.79 2.17 2.26 2.16 1.51 1.16 .86 .58 17.12 .52 1.20 1.13 .94 1.01 1.90 2.05 2.78 1.92 1.38 1.09 .86 16.78 Precipi- tation in inches at BurUng- ton, Vt. 0.92 1.51 1.52 1.43 .32 2.52 2.53 .95 3.11 4.06 4.74 3.45 27.06 6.33 2.21 1.46 7.52 .79 1.65 3.06 3.05 2.49 5.18 5.18 1.13 40. Ho 4.78 3.38 3.24 .78 1.11 1.45 .97 .38 4.62 2.71 2.39 2.82 28.53 1.36 3.56 2.22 1.87 .62 .97 1.73 1.46 1.33 2.30 2.26 3.26 22.94 6.22 2.57 .62 .88 1.79 1.56 .62 2.27 7.89 2.22 2.69 2.34 31.67 Month. 1881-82. October November. . December.. January February. . . March April May June July August September. . The year. 1882-83. October November. . December.. January February. . . March April May Jtme July August September. . The year . 1883-84. October November. . December . . January February. . . March April June July August September. . The year. 1884-85. October November. . December.. January February. . . March April May June July August September.. The year. 1885-86. October November. . December.. January February. . . March April June July August September. The year.. Discharge in second-feet. Mean. 5,400 6,900 8,500 12, 100 11,500 16, 800 15, 600 14, 700 17, 200 13, 800 9,700 7,600 11,600 7,200 5,500 4,400 4,000 5,000 6,800 17, 800 21,800 17,700 13, 500 9,700 6,300 ,960 4,700 4,700 4,900 6,300 8,700 14, 900 25, 300 23,400 16, 100 10, 300 8,900 5,500 11,000 5,000 5,700 8,300 11,400 11,200 9,900 19,600 24,900 15, 300 11,600 9,600 9,700 11,800 6,000 16, 800 16, 700 17,000 16,000 15,400 22,900 19, 200 13,900 10,300 8,100 6,200 14,000 Per square nule. 0.640 .818 1.01 1.43 1.36 1.99 1.85 1.74 2.04 1.64 1.15 .900 1.38 .853 .652 .521 .474 .592 .806 2.11 2.58 2.10 1.60 1.15 .746 1.18 .557 .657 .581 .628 1.03 1.77 3.00 2.77 1.91 1.22 1.05 .652 1.31 ..592 .675 .983 1.35 1..33 1.18 2.32 2.95 1.81 1.37 1.14 1.15 1.40 .711 1.99 1.98 2.01 1.90 1.82 2.71 2.27 1.65 1.22 .960 .735 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 0.74 .91 1.16 1.65 1.42 2.29 2.06 2.01 2.28 1.89 1.33 1.00 18.74 .73 .60 .66 .62 .93 2.35 2.97 2.34 1.84 1.33 .83 16.07 .64 .62 .67 .72 1.11 2.04 3.35 3.19 2.13 1.41 1.21 .73 17.82 .75 1.13 1.56 l.,3S 1.36 2.59 3.40 2.02 1.58 1.31 1.28 19.04 .82 2.22 2.28 2.32 1.98 2.10 3.02 2.62 1.84 1.41 1.11 .82 22.54 Precipi- tation in inches at BurUng- ton, Vt. 1.54 1.30 1.89 .44 1.10 2.34 1.23 2.00 3.17 2.37 3.49 6.22 26.09 1.21 1.47 1.60 .93 1.07 1.15 1.37 3.67 4.69 3.15 3.68 3. .33 27.32 3.27 1.59 1.44 2.14 2.68 2.89 1.92 3.60 1.36 2.95 3.24 3.22 30.30 3.82 2.95 2.60 2.36 1.40 .86 2.53 2.48 2.52 3.80 3.41 3.50 32.23 4.77 3.94 2.07 1.68 1.06 1.33 1.68 2.61 1.98 3.94 3.23 3.73 32.01 22 SURFACE WATERS OE VERMONT. Monthly discharge of Lake Champlain outlet {Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875-1916— C^ontinued. Month. 1886-87. October November. . . December January February March April May June July August September... The year. . 1887-88. October November. . - December... January February March April May June July August September... The year.. 1888-89. October November. . . December . . . January February March April May June July August September... The year. . 1889-90. October November. . . December . . . January February March April May June July August September... The year.. 1890-91. October November. . . December... January February March April May Tune July August September,.. The year.. Discharge in second-feet. Mean. 6,200 8,400 13, 100 10,700 15,000 13,100 23, 600 29,000 19,500 13,400 9,900 7,400 14, 100 5,300 5,000 9.700 10,600 10,900 12,900 23,900 30,200 19,700 12,900 9,200 9,900 13,300 11,700 15,200 16,200 19,300 16,200 14,300 20. 200 19,000 17,500 15,300 12,900 9,600 15, 700 11,400 12,000 14,900 13,900 16,000 18,800 20,800 25,500 26,200 14,000 9,700 11,200 16, 400 Per square mile. 0.735 1.00 1.55 1.27 1.78 1.55 2.80 3.44 2.31 1.59 1.17 .877 1.67 .592 1.15 1.26 1.29 1.53 2.83 3.58 2.33 1.53 1.09 1.17 1.58 1.39 1.80 1.92 2.29 1.92 1.69 2.39 2.32 2.07 1.81 1.53 1.14 1.8f 1.35 1.42 1.77 1.65 1.90 2.23 2.46 3.02 3.10 1.66 1.15 1.68 1.95 1.64 1.68 1.58 1.50 1.90 2.77 3.39 2.74 1.68 1.17 .972 .865 1.82 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 0.85 1.12 1.79 1.46 1.85 1.79 3.12 3.97 2.58 1.83 1.35 22.69 .72 .66 1.33 1.45 1.39 1.76 3.16 4.13 2.60 1.76 1.26 1.30 21.52 1.60 2.01 2.21 2.64 2.00 1.95 2.67 2.68 2.31 2.09 1.76 1.27 25.19 1.56 1.58 2.04 1.90 1.98 2.57 2.74 3.48 3.46 1.91 1.33 1.87 26.42 1.89 1.87 1.82 1.73 1.98 3.19 3.78 3.16 1.87 1.35 1.12 .97 24.73 Precipi- tation in inches at BurUng- ton, Vt. 1.25 4.29 1.70 1.87 1.67 1.87 2.21 2.00 4.38 2.22 2.80 2.01 28.27 1.99 4.67 3.44 1.06 .79 3.71 1.93 3.26 3.95 1.47 4.10 5.68 36.05 3.94 3.60 1.63 3.57 1.59 2.35 1.51 4.28 6.26 4.09 2.48 4.82 40.12 37.95 2.02 2.31 1.90 2.85 1.01 1.70 2.77 2.16 1.48 3.48 3.25 2.44 27.37 Month. 1891-92. October November.. December.. January February. . . March April May June July Au£!ust September.. The year., 1892-93. October November. . December . . .January February. . . March April May Julie July August September.. The year.. 1893-94. October November . . December . . January February. . . . March AprU May June July August September... The year.. 1894-95. October November. . . December . . . January February March April May June July August September... The year.. 1895-96. October. .... November. . . December . . . January February March April May June July August September... The year.. Discharge in second-feet. Mean. 5,400 6,000 7,200 13,400 12,700 11,300 20,000 17,300 19,100 23,900 18, 700 15,300 14, 100 11,800 8,500 6,600 6,700 9,900 10,100 10,200 17, 300 14,900 12,800 9,800 6,900 5,300 10, 400 5,200 6,900 7,100 7,800 7.400 7,600 17,600 21,300 14,200 9,400 7,600 7,200 9,950 5.400 6,700 12,500 14,800 11, 8O0 18,000 30,500 24,900 14,100 10,300 7,900 6,100 13,600 Per square mile. 0.640 .592 .853 1.59 1.50 1.34 2.37 2.05 2.26 2.83 2.22 1.81 l.fi7 1.23 1.30 1.30 1.00 .936 1.15 1.92 2.57 1.87 1.16 .9^8 1.40 1.40 1.01 .782 .794 1.17 1.20 1.92 2.05 1.77 1.52 1.16 .818 .628 1.23 .616 .818 .841 .921 .877 .900 2.09 2.52 1.68 1.11 .900 .853 I.IS .640 .794 1.48 1.75 1.40 2.13 3.61 2.95 1.67 1.22 .936 .723 1.61 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 0.74 .66 .98 1.83 1.62 1.54 2.64 2.36 2.52 3.26 2. ,56 2.02 22.73 1.42 1.45 1..50 1.15 .97 1.33 2.14 2.96 2.09 1.34 1.09 1.56 19.00 1.16 .87 .91 1.35 1.25 2.21 2.29 2.04 1.70 1.34 .94 .70 10.76 .71 .91 .97 1.07 .91 1.04 2.33 2.90 1.87 1.28 1.04 .95 15.98 .74 .89 1.71 2.02 1.51 2.46 4.03 3.40 1.86 1.41 1.08 .81 21.92 Precipi- tation in inches at BurUng- ton, Vt. 3.02 2.73 2.23 2.76 1.67 .92 1.02 4.28 6.72 7.66 8.36 3.22 44.59 1.35 3.28 1.00 .70 1.24 .52 1.70 3.17 1.73 3.74 8.31 2.45 29.19 1.72 1.41 2.35 1.30 .99 1.31 .86 3.54 1.45 1.57 1.49 2.88 20.87 3.59 1.96 2.02 1.31 1.16 .77 1.65 3.79 2.78 2.46 4.84 3.64 29.97 .23 4.32 1.74 .63 1.94 3.54 .60 1.25 3.13 3.83 4.09 3.59 28.89 LAKE CHAMI'LAIN DKAIJMAGE BASIJS^ 23 Monthly discharge of Lake Ghamplain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875-1916— Contmued. Month. 1896-97. October November. . December . . January February. . . March April May June July August September.. The year.. 1897-98. October November. . . December... January February March April Alay June July August September... The year.. 1898-99. October November. . . December . . . January February March April May June July August September... The year . . 1899-1900. October November. . . December . . . January February March April May June July August September... The year . . 1900-1901. October November. . . December... January February. . . March April May June July August September.. The year.. 14,300 Discharge in second-feet. Mean. 6,500 9,100 9,700 S, 300 7,900 10,600 21,600 24,800 21,900 19,300 18,400 12,300 14,300 8, 500 9,800 15, 400 14,400 14,900 22,900 24,500 IS, 600 13,800 9.800 7,400 6,500 13,800 8,700 10, .300 9,600 10,600 9,620 13,300 21,700 24,600 13,900 9,620 6,880 5,170 12, 000 4,530 8, 950 11,400 10,900 14,500 16,000 22,200 18,000 18,800 12,000 9,300 7,180 12,800 6,590 8,040 13,300 11,900 9,890 10, 300 30,700 28,400 20,900 13,200 10, 100 7,600 Per square mile. 0.770 1.08 1.15 .983 .936 1.26 2.56 2.94 2.59 2.29 2.18 1.46 1. 1.01 1.16 1.82 1.71 1.77 2.71 2.90 2.20 1.64 1.16 .877 .770 1.64 1.03 1.22 1.14 1.26 1.14 1.-58 2.57 2.91 1.65 1.14 .815 .613 1.42 .5.37 1.06 1.35 1.29 1.72 1.90 2.63 2.13 2.23 1.42 1.10 .851 1.52 .781 .953 1.58 1.41 1.17 1.22 3.64 3.36 2.48 1.56 1.20 .900 1.69 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 0.89 1.20 1.33 1.13 .97 1.45 2.86 3.39 2.89 2.64 2.51 1.63 22.89 1.16 1.29 2.10 1.97 1.84 3.12 3.24 2.54 1.83 1.34 1.01 22.30 1.19 1.36 1.31 1.45 1.19 1.82 2.87 3.36 1.84 1.31 .94 19.32 .62 1.18 1.56 1.49 1.79 2.19 2.93 2.46 2.49 1.64 1.27 .95 20.57 .90 1.06 1.82 1.63 1.22 1.41 4.06 3.87 2.77 1.80 1.38 1.00 22.92 Precipi- tation in inches at Burling- ton, Vt. 2.52 2.43 .83 2.50 1.08 2.49 4.01 5.00 5.63 8.48 4.08 2.13 41.18 1..53 4.41 2.10 2.60 2.98 1.04 2.33 2.14 2.93 1.51 4.58 5.01 33.16 4.01 1.90 .75 1.12 1.24 4.12 1.88 2.01 2.43 5.37 3.82 6.38 35.03 2.81 3.42 2.65 3.32 2.17 3.19 .91 2.45 1.96 2.73 5.25 3.20 34.06 34.53 Month. 1901-2. October November... December . . . .January February March April May June July August September... The year . . 1902-3. October November... December... January February March April May June July August September... The year . . 190.3-4. October November. . . December... January February March April May June July August September... The year . . 1904-5. October November. . . December . . . January February March April May June July August September... The year . . 1905-6. October November. . . December . . . January February March . .*. A nril May June July August September... The year.. Discharge in second-feet. Mean. 10,800 10,400 11,200 14,100 29,400 34,200 17, 600 11, 700 10,800 10, 200 8,120 14,800 6,850 6,670 6, 240 6,840 7,310 11,600 23,100 22,300 15,600 10,900 8,080 7,740 11,100 10, 300 10,500 7,800 7,890 7,610 9,230 22.. 300 17, 500 14,100 15,500 15,000 14,600 12, 700 12, 400 10, 100 10,200 12,000 14,300 13,200 17, .'500 19, 600 17,200 14.000 10, 400 8,070 13, 200 Per square mile. 0.756 .720 1.24 1.46 1.29 3.40 3.71 2.63 2.13 1.93 1.58 1.21 1.86 1.03 1.28 1.23 1.33 1.67 3.48 4.05 2.09 1.39 1.28 1.21 .962 1.75 .812 .790 .739 .810 .866 1.37 2.74 2.64 1.85 1.29 .955 .917 1.31 1.47 1.20 1.21 1.42 1.69 1.56 2.07 2,32 2.04 1.66 1.23 .956 1.57 Rim-ofT (depth in inches on drainage area). 0.87 .80 1.43 1.68 1.34 3.92 4.14 3.03 2.71 2.22 1.82 1.35 25.31 1.19 1.43 1.42 1.53 1.74 4.01 4.52 2.41 1.55 1.48 1.40 1.07 23.75 .94 .88 .85 .93 .93 1.58 3.06 3.04 2.06 1.49 1.10 1.02 17.88 1.41 1.38 1.07 1.08 .94 1.26 2.94 2.39 1.86 2.12 2.05 1.93 20.43 1.79 1.34 1.40 1.64 1.76 1.80 2.31 2.68 2.28 1.91 1.42 1.07 21.31 Precipi- tation in inches at Burling- ton, Vt. 2.88 1.84 3.69 .66 1.82 2.82 2.37 4.46 5.29 6.23 3.17 3.68 38.91 4.95 1.29 1.62 2.18 1.92 3.53 1.63 (a) 4.92 6.68 4.02 .80 33.54 4.55 1.21 1.42 1.36 .90 1.00 3.06 2.99 2.37 4.19 2.56 5.84 31.45 3.29 .52 1.63 1.28 .75 1.82 2.15 2.58 4.70 7.67 3.98 4.32 34.69 2.59 1.38 1.51 1.00 2.02 1.75 1.29 2.83 5.28 2.33 2.26 3.59 27.83 a Trace. 24 BUBFAL'E VVATEBB OF VEifMOJS'T. Monthly dwcharge of Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of Quebec, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1875^1916— Oontinned. Discharge in Discharge in second-feet. Run-off Precipi- second-feet. Run-off Precipi- (depth in inches on tation in inches at Month. (depth in inches on Month. rer square mile. Per square mile. inches at Mean. drainage area). Bm-ling- ton, Vt. Mean. drainage area). BurUng- ton, Vt. 1906-7. 1911-12. October 6.580 0.780 0.90 2.93 October 5,650 0.669 0.77 2.84 November. . . 6,650 .788 .88 2.60 November . . 6,970 .826 .92 1.56 December.. - 8,370 .992 1.14 1.99 December... 10, 100 1.20 1.38 2.51 January 11,700 1.39 1.60 1.02 January 11.300 1.34 1.54 .86 February 11,400 1.35 1.41 .67 FebrLiary 9, 350 1.11 1.20 1.94 March ll,ono 1.30 1.50 1.37 March 10 200 1.21 1.40 2.97 April 20,900 2.48 2.77 2.56 April 27, 300 3.23 3.60 2.97 May 23, 300 2.76 3.18 1.54 Mav 25,700 3.05 3.52 5.55 June 15,000 12. 200 1.78 1.45 1.99 1.67 4.21 3.68 Jime 22, 800 12, 700 2.70 1.50 3.01 1.73 1.18 July July 3 24 August 8,940 1.06 1.22 1.05 August 8,770 1.04 1.20 2.55 September... 8,160 12, 000 .967 1.42 1.08 19.34 4.70 28.32 September... The year.. 1912-13. 8,470 1.00 1.12 5.26 The year . . 13, 300 1.57 21.39 33.43 1907-8. October 10, 100 1.20 1.38 3.59 October 9,420 1.12 1.29 2.95 November. . . 14,400 1.71 1.91 2.67 November... 13,500 1.60 1.78 3.51 December . . . 15,500 1.84 2.12 2.61 December . . . 13, 500 1.60 1.84 1.15 January 17,900 2.12 2.44 1.54 January 16, 400 1.94 2.24 2.38 February 17,100 2.03 2.19 2.27 February 16,000 1.90 1.98 .56 March 18,800 2.23 2.57 1.74 March 17, 900 2.12 2.44 4.53 April 25, 600 3.03 3.38 1.93 April 33,200 3.94 4.40 1.72 27, 000 17,800 11,000 7,790 3.20 2.11 1.30 .923 3.69 2.35 1.50 1.06 3.47 2.46 2.66 1.70 May 18,400 14,100 9,280 6,670 2.18 1.67 1.10 .790 2.51 1.86 1.27 .91 2.56 June June 2.22 July •Tuly August 2.83 August 1.10 September... 5,340 .633 .71 1.15 September... The year. . 1913-14. 4,690 .556 .62 2.66 The year . . 15,700 1.86 25.. 30 27.79 14,400 1.71 23.14 28.17 1908-9. October 3,780 .448 .,52 1.95 October 4,630 .549 .63 2.90 November... 2,310 .274 .31 1.03 November... 5,750 .681 .76 .68 December... 2,570 .305 .35 1.59 December... 6,770 .802 .92 1.61 January 1,7.30 .560 .65 2.38 January 6,700 .794 .92 1.60 February 10, 100 1.20 1.25 4.18 February 8,090 .959 1.00 .41 March 15, 000 1.78- 2.05 1.81 March 9,730 1.15 1.33 1.84 April 27,900 3.31 3.69 2.67 April 23,000 2.73 3.05 4.27 May 31,300 20, 600 12,400 8,090 3.71 2.44 1.47 .959 4.28 2.72 1.70 1.11 5.58 3.57 4.06 2.83 May 26,900 14, 400 9,450 6,770 3.19 1.71 1.12 .802 3.68 1.91 1.29 .92 .36 3.30 July Julv 1.94 August August 2.78 September... 5,920 .701 .78 4.36 September... The year . . 1914-15. 5,990 10, 700 .710 1.27 .79 17.20 2.36 The year. . 12, 100 1.43 19.41 36.01 24.05 1909-10. October 5,440 .645 .74 1.13 October 5,710 .677 .78 1.10 November... 4,590 .,544 .61 1.66 November... 6,410 .641 .72 1.41 December . . . 5,070 .601 .69 1.53 December... 6,630 .786 .91 1.25 January 5,540 .656 .76 2.70 January 6,700 .794 .92 1.16 February 8,710 1.03 1.07 3.00 February 9,080 1.08 1.12 3.28 March 18,300 2.17 2.50 .,51 March 14, 300 1.65 1.90 .22 April 21,500 2. .'55 2.84 2.10 April 14,600 1.73 1.82 .73 May 17,400 15, 700 11,500 8,840 2.06 1.86 1.36 1.05 2.38 2.08 1.57 1.21 3.42 3.10 3.06 2.76 May 13, 000 9,520 8,570 8, 160 1.54 1.13 1.02 .967 1.78 1.26 1.18 1.11 1.73 Juile Julie 2.18 July July 5.46 August August 2.88 September... 7,380 10, 800 .874 .98 2.75 September... The year. . 1915-16. 7,040 8,950 .834 .93 .97 The year.. 1.28 17.43 27.72 1.06 14.43 22.37 1910-11. October 6,900 .818 .94 3.34 October 5, 950 .705 .81 2.74 November. . . 7,550 .895 1.00 2.43 November... 5,680 .673 .75 1.72 December... 7,310 .866 1.00 2.46 December . . . 7,710 .843 .97 2.61 January 9,560 1.13 1.30 1.32 January 10,100 1.20 1.38 .87 February 9,420 1.12 1.17 1.39 February 14,700 1.74 1.88 2.32 March 9 250 1.10 1.27 2.44 March 13,900 1.65 1.90 1.31 April 20,500 2.43 2.71 .83 A.pril 22,800 2.70 3.12 1.85 May 22,000 13,100 8,600 5,950 2.61 1.55 1.02 .705 3.01 1.73 1.18 .81 1.13 2.54 2.47 3.83 21,300 17,600 14,100 10,000 2.52 2.09 1.67 1.18 2.90 2.33 1.92 1.36 4.69 June June 4.32 July July 1.67 August August 1.06 September... 5,030 .596 .66 3.46 September... The year.. 7,580 .898 1.00 4.06 The year. . 10,500 1.24 16.78 27.64 12,600 1.49 20.32 29.22 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 25 POULTNEY RIVER NEAR FAIR HAVEN, VT. Location. — At the DelaAvare & Hudson Railroad bridge about half a mile aboA-e Cas- tleton River and 2 miles from Fair Haven- Drainage area. — 74 square miles. Records available. — August 26 to December 2, 1908. Gage. — Vertical staff attached to remnant of masoniy dam directly under railroad bridge; read twice daily by Frank Brooks. Discharge measurements. — ^IMade by wading. Channel and control. — Control at medium and high stages probably affected by backwater from Castleton River. Regulation. — Flow probably not seriously affected by regulation. Accuracy. — Records considered fair. Cooperation. — Station established and maintained during the summer of 1908 by the State engineer and surveyor of the State of New York. Discharge measurements of Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt., during 1903 and 190S. Date. Made by- - Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by- - Gage height. Dis- charge. 1903. Sept. 17 R. E. Horton.. Feet. Sec.-ft. 15.1 1908. Aug. 26 26 Sept. 20 G. M. ] do C. R. !• 3rett . . Feet. 0.92 .92 .64 Sec.-ft. 4 7 Ldams. . 5. 5 1.5 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt., for 1908. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 1 2.1 2.1 2.6 4.0 3.2 3.2 4.0 3.2 3.2 2.1 1.2 .6 2.1 2.1 7.0 2.1 2.1 4.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 5.9 4.8 4.8 7.0 7.0 4.8 4.8 7.0 8.5 4.8 4.8 3.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.9 7.0 7.0 4.8 5.9 ........ 16 .. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 .9 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 1.2 1.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.2 4.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 4.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 4.8 7.0 7.0 5.9 7.0 4.8 7.0 7.0 2 17 3 18 4 19 5 20 . 6 ' 21 7 22 8 23 9 24 10 25 . 11 26 27 28 29 3(T. 31 4.8 4.8 3.2 2.6 2.1 2.1 12 13 .6 1.2 1.2 14 15 Monthly discharge of Poultney River near Fair Haven, Vt.,for 1908. [Drainage area, 74 square miles.] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). August 26-31 September . . October November... 4.8 4.0 7.0 2.1 3.2 3.3 1.6 3.8 6.1 0.446 .216 .514 .825 0.10 .24 .59 .92 26 SURFACE WATERS OE VEfiMOJSlT. OTTER CREEK AT MIDDLEBURY, VT. Location. — At the railroad bridge about half a mile south of the railroad station at Middlebury, 3| miles below mouth of Middlebury River and 3^ miles aboA^e mouth of New Haven River. Drainage area. — 615 square miles. Records available. — April 1, 1903, to Maj^ 1, 1907; October 5, 1910, to September 30, 1916. Gage. — ^Chain fastened to lower downstream chord of railroad bridge. Discharge measurebients. — Made from a boat just below the railroad bridge, at the stone-arch highway bridge just above the dam, or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel deep and current sluggish for several miles above station. Control for low stages, gravel and boulder rips about 800 feet below gage ; possibly somewhat shifting; control at high stages is near the dam 800 feet farther downstream. Extremes op stage. — Maximum stage recorded, 21.07 feet March 30, 1913 (discharge, 8,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 11.45 feet September 15, 1913 (discharge, 138 second-feet). A somewhat lower discharge has probably occurred at various times when the stage-discharge relation has been affected by ice. Winter plow.— Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; winter records based on gage heights, observer's notes, weather records, and results of current-meter measure- ments. Regulation. — Probably little if any effect from power developments above the station. (See Pis. VII, VIII.) Very Little storage in the basin. Accuracy.— Results good excejDt for low stages when there exists some uncertainty as to permanence of stage-discharge relation. Cooperation. — Data for 1910 to 1915 furnished by H. K. Barrows, consulting engineer, Boston. Gage readings from June to September, 1916, by an employee of the Vermont Marble Co. Discharge measurements of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., during 1903-1916. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1903. Apr. 3 C. B. Brownell Feet. 15.90 13.62 12.75 12.35 12.20 13.05 12.20 12.00 12.25 11.71 12.48 13.68 15.65 16.72 17.22 15. 52 15.50 13.40 12.90 13.40 14.25 Sec.-ft. 3,730 1,340 640 455 235 SS5 245 284 337 190 4,S4 1,300 3,760 4,900 5,560 3,750 3,430 1,370 946 1,160 2,100 1906. Sept. 26 Nov. 8 1910. Aug. 8 13 13 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 22 Sept. 10 Oct. 1 3 1911. Jan. 5 6 6 6 11 A. D. Butterfield do Feet. 12.35 12.27 12.47 12.05 12.03 11.79 11. 80 11. SI 11.91 11.92 11.92 11. 94 11.95 11.96 11.70 12.06 12.56 12.22 014. 61 ol4. 61 O14.60 al4. 60 013.48 Sec.-ft. 316 18 H. K. Barrows 344 28 May 9 19 do do do do do N. C. Grover H. B. Alvord 621 June 24 July 7 18 Alvord and Moore do C. A. Moore. 402 396 274 Aug. 6 H. K. BaiTows do do 273 Sept. 14 do 284 Nov. 21 do do 354 H. K. Barrows Butterfield and Brett. . A. D. Butterfield do do do do 341 1904. do 357 Oct. 29 do 344 do 344 1905. do 337 Mar. 29 Apr. 1 4 10 10 do do do do C A Moore 223 442 6.39 510 May 1 12 Butterfield and Brett. . G. M. Brett 2 110 1906. Mar. 10 H. K. Barrows do do do do 2,110 2,040 2 100 Apr. 14 G.M.Brett l!l30 a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 42+ PLATE VIII A. POWER STATION ON OTTER CREEK AT CENTER RUTLAND, VT. B. POWER STATION AT HUNTINGTON FALLS, VT. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIIJI^. 27 Discharge measurements of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., during 1903-1916 — Contd. Date. 1911. Apr. 15 15 18' 18 19 20 21 June 8 Made by— C. A. Moore- do do do do do do do Gage height. Feet. 15.66 15.66 15.38 15.39 15.30 15.14 15.00 12.03 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 3,070 3,100 2,880 2,900 2,540 2,620 2,450 433 Date. 1913. June 25 25 1916. Aug. 3 Sept. 29 30 Made by— C. A. Moore- do C.H.Pierce Hardia Thweatt . do Gage height. Feet. 11.99 11.99 12.27 12.03 12.07 Dis- charge. Sec.-fl. 396 385 390 299 332 Note. — Several discharge measm-ements made subsequent to September 30, 1916, were used in deter- mining the rating curve used for 1915-16. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creeh at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916. Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1903. 1903. 1 3,960 566 159 450 360 360 16 1,370 360 866 290 403 283 2.... 3,840 555 242 599 360 403 17.... 1,390 360 705 290 302 302 3.... 3,720 555 248 566 242 369 18.... 1,320 320 599 276 352 320 4.... 3,600 491 248 475 313 360 19.... 1,210 360 501 302 340 320 5 3,480 475 242 360 360 360 20.... 1,070 360 475 202 403 360 6 3,370 475 217 320 360 403 21.... 992 320 501 328 501 283 7.... 3,320 460 242 360 352 302 22.... 866 320 775 450 610 313 8.... 3,200 450 159 340 360 320 23.... 845 320 1,240 1,500 528 320 9.... 3,100 426 202 320 360 320 24.... 740 328 880 1,210 369 313 10.... 2,980 426 255 320 255 320 25.... 726 168 640 775 360 283 11.... 2,760 360 382 290 328 320 26.... 670 242 566 566 412 265 12.... 2,540 382 441 299 582 290 27.... 610 265 726 528 475 232 13--.- 2,270 382 1,130 183 824 283 28.... 640 276 622 528 544 175 14 1,850 360 1,600 217 622 202 29...- 610 265 475 412 441 217 15 1,460 360 1,320 276 475 232 30.... 31 582 248 248 441 412 382 412 320 276 Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1903-4. 283 283 283 320 290 340 501 491 658 10 ! 1, 020 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18- 19- 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 1,110 845 658 491 450 394 360 460 670 940 726 599 512 610 610 528 501 501 450 450 426 403 360 394 369 360 475 544 555 412 450 412 403 403 382 403 290 369 705 475 403 369 412 450 328 283 320 394 248 290 320 320 302 302 320 223 283 302 283 3,960 3,480 3,150 2,600 1,950 1,550 1,645 2,050 2,380 2,710 2,710 2,820 2,820 2,710 2,380 1,800 1,420 1,370 1,460 1,500 1,370 1,370 1,370 1,460 1,700 2,050 2,050 2,320 2,760 3,010 3,040 3,150 3,150 3,040 2,820 2,380 1,900 1,370 1,030 955 1,030 1,110 992 880 810 1,750 1,900 1,650 1,950 2, 160 , 2,160 1,850 1,370 1,070 1,030 1,070 918 740 610 582 582 555 501 475 475 450 955 705 1,030 845 705 582 450 450 403 403 403 360 320 232 320 360 360 340 320 320 265 320 320 320 555 610 880 705 475 501 450 403 360 340 248 265 426 426 403 360 320 248 320 320 283 283 248 283 217 232 320 450 403 450 501 381 403 450 501 426 360 360 248 283 320 301 340 381 381 301 320 360 340 301 301 501 670 740 670 582 475 403 403 248 283 320 283 301 301 450 320 360 381 360 340 320 320 248 248 283 501 1,240 1,190 918 775 670 810 705 610 501 810 1,070 1,280 1, 150 1,030 2, 050 28 SUEPACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofOtten- Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept 80, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Continued. 1904-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1905-6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10...- 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Oct. 2,160 2,050 1,460 1,190 992 810 740 670 670 610 740 1,110 1,110 1,030 955 845 740 670 610 610 705 2,490 2,490 2,320 1,900 1,460 1,500 1,750 1,460 1,190 955 775 695 655 655 615 615 540 470 400 400 400 470 775 860 735 655 578 540 540 578 695 775 695 655 615 540 540 470 470 400 470 Nov. 810 705 670 640 610 582 555 501 450 450 450 450 450 450- 450 450 360 403 426 450 775 775 740 610 610 528 381 340 403 470 470 470 470 615 735 1,030 1,210 1,030 860 775 695 615 615 615 540 578 540 540 400 400 400 400 400 400 470 505 540 540 1,430 Dec. 450 450 403 360 248 320 1,580 735 1,300 2,130 1,980 1,880 1,780 1,630 1,480 1,210 1,210 1,030 1,030 860 Jan. Feb. Mar. 3,500 4,250 4,790 Apr. 4,910 5,270 5,630 5,570 5,150 4,670 4,430 4,070 3,830 3,560 3,220 3,110 3,060 3,060 2,950 2,840 2,510 1,980 1,480 1,210 1,250 2,130 2,290 1,980 1,680 1,430 1,300 1,300 1.300 1,300 3,610 3,500 3,120 2,680 2,340 2,510 2,400 2,080 1,780 1,580 1,580 1,780 1,830 2,130 3,280 3,500 3,500 3,720 4,010 4,430 4,550 4,610 4,490 4,370 4,250 3,950 3,660 3,280 2,840 2,400 Mav. 1,300 1,210 1,120 1,120 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,160 1,070 1,120 1,070 902 775 817 775 987 1,070 945 860 860 695 615 540 470 470 578 615 505 470 400 1,880 1,630 1,880 2,340 2,400 2,290 1,980 1,680 1,390 2,030 2,290 2,240 2, ISO 2,400 2,460 2,180 1,930 1,680 1,480 1,160 1,030 902 775 775 817 1,030 1,390 2,510 2,840 3,060 3,280 June. 400 335 367 470 400 615 1,030 1,070 1,070 860 695 695 817 902 695 540 540 1,030 1,430 1,780 1,480 2,180 2,400 2,340 1,880 1,630 2,400 2,400 2,080 1,630 3,440 3,500 3,560 3,280 2,840 2,130 1,780 1,980 2,400 2,400 2,340 2,080 1,580 1,120 902 945 1,580 1,580 1,210 945 860 818 1,120 1,390 1,300 1,030 818 695 July. 1,300 1,880 2,620 2,510 2,080 1,530 1,210 1,030 615 540 470 695 615 470 335 470 540 540 470 400 400 220 400 505 540 470 435 655 2,510 1,830 2,080 1,680 1,300 1,480 1,300 1,030 818 695 775 945 818 695 615 540 470 470 505 470 470 470 470 860 860 695 540 470 470 695 1,300 1,480 Aug. 2,730 2,670' 2,400 1,830 1,300 902 695 695 615 615 695 695 695 945 1,630 1,430 1,120 817 615 615 540 505 470 470 400 305 400 400 655 1,120 775 615 540 655 860 1,080 945 735 578 540 615 540 540 470 470 470 470 368 220 540 540 605 540 540 615 987 2,620 1,480 1,120 775 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 29 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Gontmued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jime. July. Aug. Sept. 1906-7. 1 ... 335 775 400 400 335 305 275 220 275 335 335 435 470 615 275 400 400 368 305 248 945 945 818 540 540 695 860 735 615 615 615 615 615 540 540 435 470 470 435 400 400 400 400 615 615 578 540 470 505 1,480 2,180 2,080 1,730 1,480 1,210 1,075 860 1,160 1,390 1,340 1,030 3,610 3,610 3,610 3,500 3,220 2,780 2,290 1,680 1,300 1,120 1,030 1,120 1,480 1,730 1,730 1,780 1,680 1,630 1,440 1,340 1,210 1,030 1,030 2,290 2,840 3,390 3,950 3,830 3,950 4,250 2 3 4 5 6 ... 7 8 1 9 10 11 i 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 20 21 - 23 24 25 26 27 28 3,280 3,440 3,610 3,660 1,090 1,020 860 600 440 390 390 390 366 350 355 340 320 630 1,040 1,110 1,180 880 630 545 600 685 750 750 780 910 1,730 2,240 2,240 9 IfiH 29 30 31 1910-11. 1 465 415 565 790 1,040 1,240 1,080 778 702 620 620 620 565 515 565 555 515 465 455 415 415 465 415 384 393 455 415 415 415 415 415 415 393 370 370 370 370 370 320 317 270 205 240 290 290 290 365 365 365 365 365 290 290 1,120 1,060 990 930 860 790 990 1,060 1,140 1,230 2,360 2,190 2,110 2,110 2,020 1,930 1,920 1,720 1,140 1,030 1,060 1,030 990 960 700 600 370 450 450 450 450 440 370 340 1,270 1,910 1,680 1,460 1,320 830 585 475 475 530 585 585 530 475 425 375 375 370 395 420 420 395 370 370 470 526 470 470 420 395 370 695 1,200 1,980 1,890 1,800 1,720 1,890 2,060 2,320 2,980 3,160 3,080 3,030 2,980 2,980 2,980 2,980 2,980 2,900 2,850 2,760 2,670 2,500 2,230 2,020 1,850 1,720 1,800 1,890 1, 980 2,060 2 100 2,190 2,210 2,180 2,190 2,070 1,750 1,250 1,020 907 778 730 730 675 592 565 540 445 490 465 440 440 465 465 465 465 465 440 440 397 465 490 440 393 335 393 375 384 355 388 360 227 370 375 430 465 440 415 393 370 375 370 360 350 345 360 379 402 406 406 370 370 393 335 289 289 345 490 360 267 345 370 370 320 320 320 320 243 263 271 289 94S 972 2 875 3 675 4 609 6 430 406 393 393 393 393 393 393 384 370 370 335 255 311 345 345 320 3U 335 370 430 465 465 480 465 455 440 565 6 550 7 635 8 525 475 10 440 11 440 12 345 1 255 320 1 247 255 207 195 219 195 1 5!sn 430 13 415 14 415 15 415 16 440 17 110 110 146 175 183 195 219 231 267 275 335 345 370 370 370 267 271 384 465 284 302 320 505 465 505 430 465 1,120 1,170 1,080 415 18 393 19 415 20 440 21 465 22 440 23 440 24 402 25 384 26 440 27 440 28 415 29 415 30 415 31 1 2' 130 ..'.....: 455 30 Daily SURFACE .WATERS OP VERMONT. 'e, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Gontiaued. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 3,620 2,320 2,760 195 320 3,620 2,100 2,760 320 320 3,520 1,600 2,820 320 320 3,440 1,290 2,870 320 345 3,390 1,070 2,900 215 »55 3,440 952 2,800 275 392 3,570 1,050 2,650 297 370 4,010 1,050 2,410 175 345 3,960 985 1,980 275 320 4,640 1,020 1,440 345 320 4,950 1,050 1,080 297 345 4,780 1,260 887 297 255 4,370 873 790 275 392 4,010 1,180 730 297 392 3,700 1,150 675 255 415 3,620 1,020 620 415 370 3,480 1,400 565 345 370 3,390 1,930 565 345 370 3,390 2,000 530 297 255 3,480 1,850 490 345 392 3,520 1,980 465 320 760 3,520 2,280 490 370 370 3,620 2,320 490 540 392 3,570 2,280 620 440 345 3,390 2,170 415 392 415 3,300 1,890 392 370 297 3,210 1,520 392 345 370 3,080 1,150 392 345 565 2,830 952 370 195 465 2,580 1,970 320 297 415 2,360 345 415 6,700 1,050 2,280 345 335 5,850 1,260 1,980 302 311 5,400 920 1,640 293 307 4,950 822 1,260 297 191 4,460 730 1,080 251 284 4,050 691 855 275 302 3,620 637 730 267 275 3,300 620 675 330 280 3,030 592 675 335 284 2,720 565 650 355 293 2,410 540 555 397 191 2,140 515 505 350 267 1,980 540 490 379 297 1,760 515 450 288 265 1,680 515 392 370 235 1,560 515 430 335 235 1,370 540 530 320 267 1,220 565 470 302 155 1,190 565 420 297 215 1,250 582 392 297 275 1,150 540 383 215 255 1,050 490 334 345 235 1,020 790 284 355 235 1,190 1,800 374 275 155 1,150 2,060 365 284 195 1,070 2,020 335 302 215 1,050 1,850 345 293 275 952 1,400 350 195 275 887 2,140 316 311 275 1,120 2,390 219 374 275 2,360 355 297 1911-12. 1912-13. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 415 415 415 465 465 465 515 565 540 505 465 430 515 540 565 620 675 842 2,060 2,160 2,150 2,150 2,150 1,980 1,640 1,330 1,220 1,150 920 790 702 702 760 675 565 515 490 415 465 440 440 702 592 540 465 465 440 392 345 440 415 1,600 2,460 2,410 2,580 2,630 2,720 2,720 2,580 637 692 748 664 609 582 637 822 842 742 637 626 1,050 939 842 748 675 719 1,520 1,520 1,280 1,080 875 790 822 875 778 790 1,180 1,560 2,280 1,930 1,720 1,330 1,050 920 2,020 2,190 2,230 2,230 2,060 1,760 1,440 1,520 1,470 1,280 1,120 1,020 952 920 920 887 842 790 1,020 985 920 760 730 1,340 1,100 952 760 697 425 648 680 648 703 784 742 790 2,040 2,360 2,320 2,170 1,970 1,630 1,130 1,040 920 702 676 1,350 1,9.30 2,020 1,890 1,720 1,660 1,260 1,020 920 887 760 760 920 760 1,020 702 730 1,180 1,150 760 760 730 730 647 566 565 540 592 1,050 760 856 778 609 581 770 770 560 505 505 560 560 560 560 470 430 480 430 456 535 800 740 675 620 560 535 535 480 536 590 1,680 1,560 1,440 1,890 1,960 1,640 1,590 1,890 1,800 1,980 2,140 1,680 2,320 2,630 2,640 1,760 1,600 2,280 2,630 2,670 2,900 2,800 2,800 2,850 2,760 2, 760 2,500 2,230 2,060 1,210 1,330 460 510 460 560 440 490 460 435 480 590 670 400 670 590 480 540 486 486 385 485 560 600 710 710 710 620 680 660 620 1,330 1,890 1,640 1,560 1,180 1,150 1,210 1,120 1,000 920 790 790 592 565 581 540 592 566 465 516 620 1,430 1,760 1,400 920 676 565 620 690 610 390 650 620 390 390 430 560 470 530 630 620 820 1,400 2,610 2,570 2,650 2,650 2,610 2,520 2,610 2,970 2,970 2,880 2,610 2,430 2,500 21,650 2,750 565 540 647 620 566 540 592 630 465 592 1,860 1,930 1,930 1,980 1,660 2,900 2,900 2,940 2,900 2,670 2,540 2,900 2,620 2,680 2,620 3,480 4,100 5,640 7,600 8,000 7,300 LAKE CHAMPLAIN- -DKAIISrAGE BASIN. 31 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for theyears ending Sept. 30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Continued. Day. 1913-14. 1914-15. Oct. 275 275 370 415 320 370 370 345 345 297 320 345 155 620 490 415 392 370 370 255 565 760 730 1,400 1,400 1,190 920 702 320 320 298 320 195 275 275 275 298 298 284 203 255 298 275 275 370 320 415 392 345 360 298 320 255 298 275 298 298 345 Nov. 636 565 465 505 465 440 415 392 415 465 1,190 1,120 855 647 620 592 515 515 480 465 565 620 540 480 465 455 465 470 470 470 345 235 320 345 311 284 298 370 203 311 370 370 345 345 370 415 730 760 515 415 415 370 284 320 345 345 298 515 566 440 Dec. 370 465 440 505 515 530 540 692 952 702 702 730 675 790 647 675 920 565 530 515 540 415 465 440 465 550 380 430 420 415 465 465 465 415 370 275 298 255 320 298 255 275 175 195 255 227 235 235 255 175 170 170 170 170 130 170 100 170 190 190 Jan. 460 380 370 390 370 370 370 350 370 400 430 360 390 410 350 320 330 340 280 330 390 420 430 380 410 340 600 640 670 920 1,180 220 200 220 150 200 300 440 1,480 1,560 1,260 822 592 515 490 440 392 370 370 1,480 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,640 1,260 1,180 1,050 920 730 560 480 400 Feb. 1,220 1,150 1,090 920 810 810 790 680 600 700 430 370 410 320 460 460 480 510 570 710 630 800 740 540 520 480 340 330 320 320 320 320 420 600 550 450 400 400 4 480 580 2,060 2,060 2,140 2,140 2,140 1,980 1,640 1,480 1,400 2,060 2,320 2,500 2,670 475 400 1,470 2,050 1,930 1,710 1,470 1,190 765 710 650 670 650 595 1,200 1,890 1,930 1,670 1,420 1,170 990 840 740 960 1,970 2,410 2,410 2,520 3,120 3,050 3,320 3,410 3,140 2,870 2,510 2,330 1,970 1,520 1,110 880 810 880 610 501 501 475 450 403 382 360 403 501 555 705 810 775 670 555 501 426 Apr. 4,420 4,680 4,500 4,280 4,190 3,870 3,660 3,670 3,830 3,610 3,660 3,790 3,610 3,830 3,750 3,660 3,570 3,440 3,440 3,700 4,140 4,320 5,220 5,540 5,450 5,000 4,490 4,140 3,830 3,790 403 403 403 450 403 426 450 555 740 1,030 1,700 2,510 2,420 2,510 2,600 2,690 2,510 2,240 1,880 1,440 1,190 1,030 810 705 670 705 610 555 501 501 May. 3,660 3,570 3,610 3,570 3,480 3,280 3,160 3,030 2,890 2,760 2,500 2,230 1,970 1,870 1,680 1,520 1,480 1,050 920 820 760 730 719 691 592 565 565 530 515 465 440 810 775 670 555 528 501 528 501 450 403 403 360 360 382 302 382 382 360 340 302 302 265 283 283 382 360 320 302 360 Jime. 370 430 415 440 647 790 675 490 465 370 392 370 392 345 235 370 384 384 345 335 384 275 345 345 275 320 297 215 215 297 265 265 265 248 232 232 202 217 232 232 217 248 232 188 232 232 283 302 320 320 232 283 302 265 232 248 202 163 217 248 July. 370 345 320 370 320 297 392 370 455 415 415 465 370 370 320 345 311 515 415 297 320 320 311 320 320 297 255 275 297 320 275 248 340 610 640 810 670 582 475 1,270 1,880 1,790 1,270 810 610 501 450 340 320 302 320 340 320 360 382 340 320 320 360 382 426 475 Aug. 288 255 195 215 311 275 235 247 275 195 207 275 275 255 275 275 255 430 370 345 490 702 675 465 465 383 345 320 335 790 1,080 450 320 283 302 320 360 426 403 320 360 360 360 320 283 248 232 265 320 302 302 248 175 403 403 582 555 501 426 360 283 302 Sept. 887 702 540 555 515 430 370 415 392 370 370 345 275 235 320 360 370 288 275 288 195 297 297 255 320 320 297 207 297 370 283 283 265 248 248 202 188 248 283 302 283 265 202 232 248 232 188 202 202 188 217 265 360 360 302 283 202 248 265 265 73175°— wsp 424—17- 32 SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Au?. 248 340 501 1,610 2,330 2,510 2,690 2,420 640 450 450 217 320 450 1,110 2,240 2,330 3,140 2,330 528 403 426 283 301 381 955 2,150 2,150 3,410 2,150 475 360 381 232 301 360 955 2,060 1,700 4,400 1,970 528 1,790 360 283 320 320 1,030 1,790 1,440 4,850 1,700 740 1,790 360 340 501 320 955 1,440 1,110 4,760 1,440 670 1,610 320 360 283 320 1,520 1,110 810 4,490 1,190 582 1,270 283 340 248 283 1,610 1,030 700 4,130 1,110 528 880 320 302 283 283 1,190 670 640 3,770 1,110 475 670 360 283 283 265 810 670 610 3,500 955 426 670 555 217 265 265 705 610 580 3 230 810 . 475 555 555 248 283 283 810 580 555 3,059 740 528 555 450 283 283 232 810 580 530 2,870 640 1,030 528 450 248 320 248 1,190 610 530 2,690 582 955 450 320 248 248 265 955 530 500 2,690 501 740 475 360 360 381 283 640 500 500 2,510 528 582 381 320 670 450 320 555 475 500 2,510 775 582 360 320 450 381 320 555 475 475 2,510 1,970 810 381 320 450 340 610 501 475 475 2,510 2,150 955 381 283 403 360 880 501 475 475 2,510 2,150 810 340 301 360 670 810 475 475 475 2,420 1,970 1,110 360 217 320 640 670 450 475 475 2,330 1,610 955 381 283 301 555 555 1,440 450 500 2,420 1,190 740 1,110 283 301 450 501 1,790 450 530 2,510 1,110 610 670 283 232 403 475 1,790 450 530 2,510 1,110 555 582 283 283 320 582 1,700 705 530 2,690 955 501 475 283 283 360 1,790 1,970 2,240 670 2,690 705 501 450 283 283 340 1,970 2,240 2,420 955 2,690 610 528 955 248 248 360 1,970 2,240 2,510 1,520 2.690 555 555 955 283 283 450 1,970 2,240 2,240 2,510 610 555 610 320 360 1,700 2,330 2,510 640 475 301 Sept. 1915-16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 , 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27... 28 29 30 31 301 283 320 248 232 248 265 248 248 283 248 248 265 248 283 360 450 360 340 360 283 265 265 320 265 301 320 301 283 301 Note.— Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11, 1903, to Mar. 31, 1904; Dec. 7, 1904, to Mar.' 28, 1905; Dec. 15, 1905, to Mar. 31, 1906; Dec. 1, 1906, to Mar. 27, 1907; Dec. 10, 1910, to Mar. 31, 1911; Jan. 6 to Mar. 31, 1912; Dec. 28, 1913, to Mar. 30, 1914; Dec. 22, 1914, to Jan. 6, 1915; Jan. 29 to Feb. 15, 1915; Feb. 12-24, and Mar. 8-27, 1916. Daily discharge given for these periods for the years 1910 to 1916 determined from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Several discharge measurements were made during the winter of 1911. Monthly discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903- 1907 and 1911-1916. [Drainage area, 615 square miles.] April May June July August September . October . . . November. December. January February. . March AprU May June July August September . Month. 1903. 1903-4. The year . Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. 3,960 566 1,600 1,500 824 403 1,110 866 4,200 3,960 3,150 1,030 880 740 2,050 Minimum. 4,200 582 168 159 183 242 175 283 248 1,370 582 232 217 248 248 Mean. 1,970 370 570 446 417 304 541 431 a 385 o370 O400 al,700 ■ 2,200 1,590 471 396 398 Per square mile. 3.20 .602 .494 .701 .626 .602 .650 2.76 3.58 2.59 .766 .644 .647 1.07 1.29 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 3.57 .69 1.03 .84 .78 .55 1.01 .78 .72 .69 .70 3.18 3.99 2.99 .86 .74 .75 1.19 17.60 a Estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and comparison with records of other streams. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 33 Monthly discharge of Otter Creeh at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903- 1907 and 1911-1916— Continued. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofl (depth in inches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. 1904-5. 2,490 880 610 340 1,230 545 a 300 a 240 230 a 1,070 2,950 871 1,210 904 951 1,570 2.00 .886 .488 .390 .374 1.74 4.80 1.42 1.97 1.47 1.55 2.55 2.31 .99 .56 .45 .39 4,790 5,630 1,300 2,400 2,620 2,730 2,890 2.01 1,210 400 335 220 305 655 5.36 May. 1.64 2.20 July 1.70 1.79 2.84 5,630 1,010 1.64 22.24 1905-6. October ... 860 1,430 2,130 3,550 400 400 600 775 590 625 969 1,400 o714 a 900 3,130 1,870 1,710 881 738 421 .960 1.02 1.58 2.28 1.16 1.46 5.09 3.04 2.78 1.43 1.20 .685 1.11 1.14 December ... 1.82 2.63 1.21 1.68 4,610 3,280 3,560 2,080 2,620 695 1,580 775 695 470 220 220 5.68 May 3.50 3.10 1.65 1.38 September .76 The year 4,610 220 1,160 1.89 25.66 1906-7. October . 945 2,180 815 220 400 498 869 o487 960 350 o 1,040 2,320 .810 1.41 .795 1.56 .569 1.69 3.77 .93 Noyember 1.57 December .... .92 January 1.80 February .59 March 3,660 4,250 1.95 April 1,030 4.21 1910-11. October (5-31) 480 1,240 1,120 2,360 1,200 2, 240 3,160 2,210 490 490 1,170 972 255 384 205 340 370 320 1,720 397 227 110 207 384 387 572 500 1,200 500 900 2,400 875 387 286 405 490 .629 .930 .813 1.95 .813 1.46 3.90 1.42 .629 .465 .659 .797 .63 Noyember 1.04 December .94 January 2.25 February .85 March 1.68 April 4.35 May 1.64 Jime .70 July .54 August .76 September .89 The period b 3,160 110 746 1.21 16.27 1911-12. October 2,160 1,560 2,360 855 710 2,970 4,950 2,360 2,900 540 760 1,330 415 582 425 430 385 390 2,580 873 320 175 255 345 963 876 1,240 600 550 1,600 3,630 1,550 1,220 318 376 634 1.56 1.42 2.02 .976 .894 2.60 5.90 2.52 1.98 .517 .611 1.03 1.80 November. ... . ... 1.58 December 2.33 January 1.13 February .96 March 3.00 April 6.58 May 2.90 June 2.21 July .60 August .70 September 1.15 The year 4,950 175 1,130 1.84 24.94 o Estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and comparison with records of other streams. b 361 days. 34 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMOlirT. Monthly discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903- 1907 and 1911-1916— QaoXmyied. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). October . . . November. December . January . . . February. . March April May June July August September . The year . October . . . November. December., January February... March AprU May Juiie July August September . 1913-14. The year . October November. . December.. January February. . . March April May June July August September. The year. October November. December.. January February. . March April May June July August September. 1915-16. The year. 2,720 2,280 2,020 2,900 1,890 8,000 6,700 2,390 2,280 397 335 540 8,000 1,400 1,190 952 1,180 1,220 3,120 5,540 3,660 790 515 1,080 5,540 415 760 465 1,800 2,670 3,410 2,690 880 320 1,880 582 360 3,410 670 670 1,970 2,330 2,510 2,510 4,850 2,420 1,110 1,790 555 450 4, 850 345 730 540 1,210 465 465 887 490 219 195 155 138 1,010 1,340 995 2,130 973 2,530 2,380 1,000 659 312 256 255 1.65 2.18 1.62 3.46 1.58 4.11 3.87 1.63 1.07 .507 .416 .414 138 1,150 1.87 155 392 370 280 320 400 3,440 440 215 255 195 195 543 559 582 444 654 1,350 4,100 1,790 387 348 371 372 155 957 195 203 100 150 320 360 403 265 163 248 175 302 385 257 810 1,170 1,210 1,170 437 245 589 348 252 100 594 217 248 232 450 450 475 2,330 501 426 340 217 232 217 314 368 651 1,210 1,070 970 3,060 1,240 656 688 341 291 .883 .909 .946 .722 1.06 2.20 6.67 2.91 .629 .566 .603 .605 1.56 .491 .626 .418 1.32 1.90 1.97 1.90 .711 .398 .958 .566 .410 .966 .511 .598 1.06 1.97 1.74 1.58 4.98 2.02 1.07 1.12 .554 .473 1.47 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAIKAGE BASIN. 35 Days of deficiency in discharge of Otter Creeh at Middlelury, Vt., during the years ending Sept. 30, 1911-1916. Discharge in second- feet. Theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Days of deficiency in discharge. 1910-11 a 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 150 17.0 3 1 2 200 22 7 8 3 14 4 21 250 28.4 18 4 32 13 66 23" 300 34.1 39 19 66 48 119 63 350 39.8 66 41 88 86 175 101 400 45.4 136 63 103 133 209 127 450 61.1 188 84 112 162 239 132 600 66.8 225 114 126 193 255 168 550 62.5 236 136 145 213 271 194 600 68.2 247 158 166 227 284 216 700 79.5 260 193 179 249 294 240 800 90.9 271 221 200 271 303 249 900 102 276 235 208 280 313 259 1,000 114 284 243 220 290 314 271 1,100 125 296 256 233 293 317 274 1,200 136 303 263 244 300 320 287 1,400 159 309 273 257 302 324 2S8 1,600 182 310 283 270 309 331 294 1,800 204 316 - 286 284 312 335 308 2,000 227 327 296 301 318 342 315 2,500 284 347 315 323 322 352 336 3,000 341 358 338 350 326 361 355 4,000 454 361 360 354 352 305 361 8,000 909 366 365 365 366 a Period Oct. 5, 1910, to Sept. 30, 1911. Note.— The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at dif- ferent rates of discharge and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- power were less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using this table allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. EAST CREEK NEAR RUTLAND, VT. Location. — At Lester Bridge, on road from Rutland to Brandon, about 3 miles north of Rutland, 2^ miles below the union of the two branches that drain Blue Ridge Mountain, and 3^ miles above confluence with Otter Creek. Drainage area. — 47 square miles. Records available. — August 9, 1911, to December 26, 1913. Gage. — Vertical staff on left bank, downstream side of bridge; read twice daily by M. Lester. Discharge measurements. — Made from the highway bridge or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and alluvial deposits; control probably permanent. Extremes of stage. — 1911-1913: A stage of about 8.3 feet occurred during the high water of March 26-27, 1913, as determined from high-water marks Ijy an engineer of the Geological Survey. Observer's records indicate that this maximum stage occurred about midnight, March 27. Minimum stage recorded, 3.1 feet at 5.45 a. m. September 25, 1911, and 5.30 a. m. October 21, 1912. Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations dis- continued during winter months. Regulation. — Distribution of flow affected by the operation of two dams above the station. Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge. Gage heights and discharge measurements are given as they furnish general information in regard to the flow of the stream. 36 SUEPACE WATEES OF VEEMOFT. Discharge measurements of East Creek near Rutland, Vl., during the years 1911 and 1911 Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1911. Aug. 7 9 0. H. Canfleld Feet. 3.59 3.69 Scc.-ft. 46 57 1913. Mar. 24 May 2 S?pt. 17 Nov. 1 R. S. Barnes Feet. 4.24 4.09 4.16 4.18 Sec.-ft. 144 do do G. H. Canfield 115 118 C. S. DeGolyer 118 Twice-daily gage height, in feet, of East Creek near Rutland, Vt.,from August, 1911, to December, 1913. Day. August. September. Day. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1911. 1 3.25 3.55 3.72 3.55 3.48 3.1 3.55 3.35 3.25 3.52 3.35 3.22 3.3 3.25 3.2 3.55 3.7 3.65 3.02 3.55 4.0 3.5 3.45 3.85 3.52 3.5 3.65 3.62 3.58 3.7 1911. 16 3.55 3.68 3.62 3.72 3.45 3.55 3.52 3.45 3.52 3.48 3.45 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.65 3.35 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.62 3.65 3.75 3.7 3.75 3.7 3.75 3.62 3.45 4.5 3.9 3.62 3.55 3.6 3.6 3.32 3.25 3.22 3.2 3.25 3.2 3.22 3.1 3.35 3.5 3.65 3.5 3.62 3 62 2 17 3 42 3 18 3.62 4 19 3 5 5 20 3.55 6 21 3.6 7 22 3 68 8 23 3.65 9 3.52 3.7 3.7 3.75 3.5 3.7 3.7 24 3.15 10 3.65 3.68 3.4 3.35 3.4 3.6 25 3.62 11 26 3.62 12 27 3.68 13 28 3.7 14 29 3 72 15 30 3.65 31 Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1911-12. 1 3.32 3.6 3.4 3.32 3.68 3.52 3.58 3.5 3.55 3.42 3.4 3.3 3.32 3.25 3.3 3.22 3.28 3.25 4.3 4.02 3.7 3.85 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.55 3.6 3.45 3.48 3.4 3.45 3.35 3.8 3.62 4.05 3.82 3.5 3.7 3.52 3.6 3.6 3.65 3.45 3.38 3.5 3.62 3.6 3.6 5.0 4.15 4.0 4.0 3.92 4.2 4.05 3.8 3.72 4.0 3.7 3.65 3.72 4.02 3.8 3.55 3.45 3.42 3.4 3.38 3.65 3.55 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.42 3.65 3.3 3.4 3.42 3.4 3.55 3.7 3.55 3.6 3.58 3.45 3.4 3.4 3.45 3.4 3.45 4.2 3.S 3.9 3.8 3.75 3.68 3.7 3.8 3.98 3.9 3.72 3.7 3.75 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.72 3.68 3.7 4.2 3.68 3.7 3:68 3.65 3.05 3.68 3.45 3.4 3.4 3.72 4.05 3.7 3.6 3.55 3.4 3.45 3.4 3.4 3.42 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.82 3.8 3.8 3.75 3.8 3.75 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.65 4.35 3.9 3.62 3.65 3.7 3.75 4.0 3.7 3.65 3.68 4.05 3.9 3.92 3.9 3.9 3.95 3.62 4.02 4.1 4.2 3.88 3.85 3.8 3.8 3.72 3.7 4.0 3.85 3.85 4.2 3.72 3.65 3. 85 3.8 3.7 4.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9 10 ... 11 12 13 14 15 3.8 16 3.85 3.7 3.85 3.9 4.2 3.8 3.88 3.7 3.65 3.5 3.6 3.7 17 4.0 18 4.3 19 ■ " 4.45 20 4.0 21 4.0 22. ... * 3.7 23 3.78 24 3.6 25 . . 3.62 26 3.65 27 3.5 3.58 3.85 3.95 3.72 3.85 28 3.9 29 4.7 30 4.05 31 4.2 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN. 37 Twice-daily gage height, in feet, of East Creeh near Rutland, Vt.,from August, 1911, to December, 1913 — Continued. Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P. M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P. M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1912. 1 4.05 3.82 3.7 3.65 3.72 4.2 4.6 5.12 3.88 3.75 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.75 4.35 4.7 4.62 4.95 4.7 4.7 4.65 4.7 4.55 4.6 4.55 4.75 4.5 4.3 4.25 4.35 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.75 6.0 5.35 4.7 3.8 3.85 3.82 4.15 4.02 3.8 4.4 5.0 4.7 4.52 5.0 4.75 4.7 4.62 4.7 4.75 4.6 4.6 4.55 4.35 4.3 4.25 4.0 3.85 3.8 3.72 3.68 3.6 3.75 3.7 3.62 3.75 3.8 3.6 3.75 3.85 3.72 3.7 4.65 4.02 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.85 4.62 4.45 4.12 3.88 3.75 3.7 3.5 4.3 5.0 4.08 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.82 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.88 4.05 4.5 4.15 4.2 4.4 4.68 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.75 3.85 4.8 5.35 3.35 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.55 3.4 3.45 3.5 3.4 3.65 3.55 3.5 3.5 3.65 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.48 3.65 3.55 3.55 3.9 3.55 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.55 3.58 3.75 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.55 3.5 3.6 3.62 3.6 3.48 3.65 3.9 3.68 3.6 3.55 3.6 3.65 3.55 3.55 3.7 3.6 3.78 3.7 3.75 3.7 3.75 3.7 3.75 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.78 3.75 3.8 3.75 3.6 3.65 3.85 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.68 3.6 3.58 3.75 3.85 3.75 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.65 3.6 3.48 3.7 3.88 3.7 3.5 3.52 3.55 3.8 3.35 3.8 3.58 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.75 3.7 3.65 2.85 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.55 3.82 3.95 3.8 3.72 3.52 3.85 3.7 3.88 3.75 3.8 3.72 3.65 3.92 3.7 3.82 3.75 3.8 3.85 3.55 3.98 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.55 3.5 3.6 3.55 3.8 3.78 3.7 3.58 4.2 3.4 3.3 3.55 4.15 4.2 3.65 3.48 3.45 3.4 3.32 3.75 3.3 3.22 3.8 3.85 2 4.7 4.7 4.62 4.55 4.25 4.25 3.85 3.72 3.75 3.4 3.25 3.55 3.42 3.48 3.42 3.6 3.45 3.4 3.35 3.3 3.3 3.25 3.22 3.2 3.22 3.3 3.25 3.2 3.5 4.75 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.62 3.4 3.5 3.65 3.6 3.5 3.68 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.58 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.55 3.42 3.95 3 3.8 4 3.75 5 3.'^ 6 3.85 7 3.72 8 3.7 9 . . .- 3.62 10 3.7 11 3.9 12 3.8 13 3.9 14 3.8 15 3.8 16 3.75 17. 3.8 18 3.7 19 3.95 20 4.12 21 3.9 22 3.8 23 3.85 24 ■ 3.78 25 3.45 26 3.72 27 3.75 28 3.8 29 3.75 30 3.7 31 Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P. M. A.M. P.M. 1912-13. 1 3.22 3.65 3.45 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.48 3.4 3.25 3.2 3.2 3.32 3.25 3.15 3.4 3.45 3.4 3.35 3.3 3.1 3.12 3.25 4.45 4.6 4.05 3.85 3.7 3.68 3.7 3.6 3.98 3.85 3.7 3.82 3.78 3.82 3.85 3.9 3.92 3.9 4.0 3.88 3.45 3. 82 3.78 3.8 3.9 3.88 3.8 3.75 3.92 3.88 4.6 4.7 4.28 4.22 3.72 3.8 3.78 3.75 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.55 3.5 3.65 3.5 3.5 4.25 3.8 3.5 3.65 3.72 3.7 3.75 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.55 3.6 3.62 3.6 3.55 3.4 3.6 3.62 3.7 3.5 3.65 3.92 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.68 3.65 3.95 4.0 3.62 3.8 3.9 3.92 3.95 3.9 3.85 3.72 3.52 3.7 3.72 3.9 3.85 3.7 3.72 3.42 3.8 3.85 3.85 3.5 4.0 3.65 3.55 3.42 3.6) 3.88 3.7 3.95 3.6 3.6 3.55 3.7 3.68 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.55 3.75 3.65 4.0 4.05 3.7 3.68 3.55 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.58 3.65 3.5 3.45 4.0 3.5 4.4 4.0 4.05 4.0 4.05 4.02 3.6 4.0 3.85 3.95 3.9 3.9 3.85 3.78 3.9 3.88 3.85 4.2 3.92 3.9 3.5 3.88 3.72 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.68 3.4 4.15 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.65 4.5 4.15 3.9 3.85 4.0 4.15 3. 88 3.7 3.85 3.95 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.68 4.45 4.3 4.6 4.15 3.15 4.0 4.1 3.92 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.98 4.5 3.95 3.5 4.05 4.3 4.25 3.9 4.15 4.1 4.0 3.85 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.72 4.25 4.3 4.6 4.45 4.4 4.3 4.22 4.08 4.15 4.0 3.95 3.9 3.85 3.95 3.7 3.92 3.7 3.7 3.68 3.95 3.6 3.45 3.72 3.9 3.85 3.72 3.7 3.82 5.65 3.6 3.4 3.45 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.45 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.72 3.7 3.5 3.65 4.2 4.65 4.4 3.75 3.7 3.65 3.7 4.4 4.62 3.78 4.25 4.45 5.92 0.2 6.25 5.2 5.2 4.78 3.8 2 3.4 3 3.82 4 3.7 5 3.55 6 3.6 7 3.6 8 3.72 9 .1.. 3.4 10 4.2 11 3.85 12 4.1 13 3.75 14 4.9 15 4.75 16 4.0 17 3.92 18 3.9 19 3.95 20 3.92 3.75 4.3 3.7 3.65 3.6 3.45 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.6 3.62 3.6 3.65 3.7 3.75 3.68 4.4 21. . 4.55 22 4 1 23. . 4.0 24 4.2 25 6.38 26 6.42 27 6.6 28: 5.35 29 5.2 30 4.95 31 4.95 38 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Twice-daily gage height, infect, of East Creek near Rutland, Vt., from August, 1911, to December, 1913 — Continued. Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1913. 1 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.35 4.38 4.25 4.2 4.02 3.95 3.55 3.5 3.75 3.82 3.85 3.8 3.7 3.62 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.52 3.6 3.62 3.6 3.65 3.65 3.5 3.92 3.62 4.65 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.45 4.2 4.38 4.15 4.2 3.95 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.78 3.8 3.75 4.02 3.95 3.88 3.72 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.88 3.8 3.6 3.52 3.6 4.0 4.02 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.42 3.4 3.42 3.4 3.45 3.4 3.35 3.4 3.35 3.42 3.42 3.3 3.55 3.52 3.3 3.45 4.4 4.48 4.08 3.9 3.9 3.78 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.98 3.9 3.92 3.32 3.6 3.5 3.62 3.6 3.72 3.7 3.62 3.88 3.6 3.92 3.9 3.65 3.65 3.9 3.85 3.75 3.7 4.2 4.45 4.4 4.0 3.88 3.8 4.3 4.42 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.98 3.9 3.9 3.88 3.6 3.5 3.58 3.42 3.4 3.45 3.38 3.3 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.55 3.5 3.28 3.25 3.3 3.45 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.55 3.9 3.42 3.75 3.9 3.8 3.92 3.9 3.78 3.85 3.5 3.7 3.68 4.0 3.9 3.85 3.85 3.5 3.98 4.0 3.85 3.8 3.98 3.85 3.6 3.88 3.9 3.95 3.88 3.6 3.82 3. 65 3.4 3.4 3.45 3.4 3.55 3.5 3.55 3.48 3.98 3.55 4.12 4.15 3.6 3.9 3.65 4.0 4.08 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.5 4.05 4.08 4.05 4.1 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.98 3.75 3.7 3.5 3.95 3.98 3.9 3.8 3.88. 3.7 4.18 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.98 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.85 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.68 4.0 3.98 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.95 3.8 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.18 3.9 3.5 3.52 4.15 3.98 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.4 4.1 4.15 4.1 4.0 3.98 3.5 3.38 3.40 4.12 4.1 4.05 3.6 3.85 3.42 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.32 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.88 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.18 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.75 4.0 4.15 4.2 3.85 3.98 3.9 3.75 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.2 3.92 3.8 3.82 4.12 3.72 3.5 3.5 3.9S 3.55 3.52 3.6 4.1 4.15 3.6 4.15 3.55 3.45 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.65 3.5 3.5 3.48 3.78 4.2 3.6 3.65 3.62 3.58 3.4 3.5 3.55 4 15 2 3.85 3 4 1 4 4.08 5 4.1 6 4 1 7 3 8 8 4.15 9 4 2 10 4.15 11 4.15 12 4.1 13 4.15 14 3 8 15 4.0 16 4 1 17 4 12 18 4.0 19 4 20 4.0 21 3 78 22 4 5 23 4.15 24 4 1 25 4 15 26 4 2 27 4 1 28 3.8 29 3 9 30 4.18 31 Day. October. November. December. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1913. 1 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.65 3.62 3.4 3.65 3.8 3.8 3.78 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.85 3.8 3.78 4.2 4.15 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.95 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.88 4.2 4.15 4.1 4.15 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.18 4.25 4.3 4.3 3.98 4.4 4.25 4.32 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.15 4.1 4.1 3.62 3.65 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.65 3.5 4.2 3.9 3.78 3.72 3.65 3.6 3.58 3.5 3.55 3.5 3.8 3.68 3.65 3.5 3.55 3.62 3.58 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.48 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.15 4.0 4.2 4.25 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.92 4.0 4.25 4.3 4.28 4.3 4.25 4.3 3.98 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.0 3.95 4.2 3.92 3.7 3.45 3.6 3.68 3.55 3.4 3.48 3.7 3.75 3.7 3.72 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.48 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.55 3. 55 3.5 3.5 3.45 3.6 3.9 4.2 2 4.25 3 4.3 4 4.2 5 4.2 6 4.18 7 4.0 8 4.15 9 4.2 10 4 25 11 4.2 12 4.2 13 4.12 14 3.82 15 3.7 16 3.72 17 4.2 18 4 18 19 4.2 20 4.15 21 3.98 22 4.15 23 4.2 24 4.2 25 3.95 26 4.1 27... 28 29 : 30 31 Note. — Gage read at about 6 a. m. and 6 p. m. LAKE CHAMPLAIK DRAINAGE BASIN. 39 WINOOSKI RIVER ABOVE STEVENS BRANCH,' NEAR MONTPELIER, VT. Location. — About half a mile above the mouth of Stevens Branch and 3 miles from Montpelier. Drainage area. — 196 square miles. Records available.— May 18, 1909, to November 15, 1913. Gage. — Vertical staff attached to a boulder on right bank. Discharge measurements. — Made from lower railroad bridge about half a mile below the gage or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel covered with rocks and boulders; control not per- manent. WiNTERjPLOw. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Regulation . — Distribution of flow affected by operation of power plant a short dis- tance above the gage. Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge subsequent to 1910. Discharge measurements of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt., during 1909-1914. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1909. May 18 27 June 26 D.M.Wood Feet. 4.15 3.25 2.86 2.60 2.59 2.29 2.28 3.14 2.8 2.64 2.19 2.19 Sec.-ft. 888 394 196 107 104 59 54 274 a 223 136 44 44 1911. Aug. 5 6 1912. Feb. 20 June 15 Sept. 5 Oct. 12 1913. Sept. 16 1914. Apr. 27 G. H. Canlield do G. H. Canfleld Feet. L75 2.38 2.67 3.27 2.75 2.30 2.56 4.58 Sec.-ft. do do 72 July 2 do 22 do 150 22 do C.C. Covert... 1226 22 do T. W. Norcross C.C. Covert J. G . Mathers 130 1910. Apr. 22 Oct. 26 Covert and DeGolyer . . G. H. Canfleld 47 88 1911. June 21 G. H. Canfield C. H. Pierce and R. S. Barnes. 1,340 21 . . do Aug. 5 do a Uncertain. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt., for 1909-10. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. 1909. 1. 337 327 308 261 337 668 455 358 298 270 252 235 206 482 308 76 73 96 179 124 103 86 56 73 78 73 63 64 63 64 41 41 45 63 57 78 86 64 57 70 64 63 54 43 35 47 43 252 422 179 38 44 44 46 44 44 44 37 37 39 482 368 428 632 379 347 289 248 202 110 90 96 80 92 78 1909. 16 235 206 374 322 235 202 190 157 160 136 168 98 92 76 65 58 69 60 76 99 73 73 83 73 68 66 60 50 48 48 44 30 78 73 68 60 57 56 51 41 39 32 28 31 34 33 46 47 47 50 56 54 50 48 50 53 57 64 68 592 710 565 65 2 17 68 3. 18 886 710 886 680 532 532 466 395 389 374 3G3 592 466 358 72 4 19 68 5 20 .. 66 6 21 70 7 22 65 8 23 64 9. . 24 . . . 68 10 25 64 11. 26. . 64 12... 27 28 29 30 31 60 13. 64 14 66 15 65 65 40 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMOISTT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt.,for 1909-10— Continued. Day. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Dec. 2. . 3 4 5 6 7 8 298 9 171 10 210 11 190 12 136 13.. . 70 14 171 15 136 16 107 17 231 18. 210 19 171 20. 154 21 . 107 22 171 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 136 70 136 210 107 620 30 31 968 830 740 510 770 592 538 455 455 420 380 ■ 347 347 322 298 347 275 400 538 592 770 800 1,280 1,460 925 990 1,090 1,120 1,220 1,120 1,060 1,060 740 680 680 800 830 710 740 620 592 428 347 374 400 322 275 298 322 322 347 428 347 275 275 1,060 680 455 620 482 455 400 1,060 740 800 482 468 455 400 252 252 275 252 252 275 298 275 252 252 171 455 1,380 770 592 538 482 565 680 428 482 400 740 592 400 428 400 428 347 374 347 298 322 275 252 231 347 455 275 252 210 231 482 252 252 171 231 210 70 107 136 136 136 136 78 122 136 136 136 136 107 70 96 86 171 70 70 86 122 70 70 70 107 136 122 78 190 210 107 122 122 107 122 136 107 107 86 107 136 122 107 64 39 39 252 374 190 107 122 86 148 210 96 96 136 58 64 58 171 48 78 122 1,030 400 171 210 252 210 210 171 171 210 231 252 231 210 136 171 154 136 58 107 107 122 70 64 78 58 107 139 171 322 374 298 231 171 210 252 455 482 455 400 275 252 252 252 252 252 171 210 190 171 252 252 231 252 252 190 231 171 171 210 171 128 171 171 210 136 86 64 171 146 122 48 210 136 107 252 347 347 347 565 347 374 510 Monthly discharge of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt., for 1909-10. [Drainage area, 196 squar.e miles.] Month. 1909. May 18-31 June July August September October 1910. February 8-28 March April May June July August September October November December Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. 179 86 710 632 620 1,460 1,120 1,380 800 231 210 1,090 374 482 565 Minimum. I Mean. 358 65 44 28 37 60 70 275 275 171 210 70 24 24 58 171 545 261 74.8 52.2 129 160 181 676 574 468 405 116 94. 155 175 252 203 Per square mile. 2.78 1.33 .382 .266 .658 .816 .923 3.45 2.93 2.39 2.07 .592 .480 .791 .894 1.29 1.03 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 1.45 1.48 .44 .31 .73 .94 .72 3.98 3.27 2.76 2.31 .68 .55 .88 1.03 1.44 I.IS Note. — Daily discharge determined from rating curve well defined above 48 second-feet, charge Nov. 23-30, 1910, estimated as 200 second-feet. Mean dis- U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE IX A. CABLE CAR AND CABLE SUPPORT. B. GAGE HOUSE. WINOOSKI RIVER (RIGHT BANK) AT MONTPELIER, VT. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE X A. MEASURING SECTION ON WINOOSKI RIVER AT WIONTPELIER, VT., LOOKING UPSTREAM. B. GAGE HOUSE ON S!GhT BANK OF LAMOILLE RIVER AT CADYS FALLS. VT. LAKE CHAMPLAIlSr DEAHSTAGE BASIN. 41 WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELIER, VT. Location. One mile downstream from the Central Vermont Railway station in Mont- pelier, about three-eighths mile above the mouth of Dog River and li miles below mouth of Worcester Branch. FromMay 19, 1909, to June 30, 1914, station was main- tained at the highway bridge just above the Central Vermont Railway station. Drainage area.— 420 square miles (measured on post-route map, edition of 1915). Records available.— May 19, 1909, to September 30, 1916. Gages.— Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder installed July 4, 1914, on right bank. Gage heights referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside the well. An outside staff gage is used for auxiliary readings. From June 16 to July 3, 1914, records were obtained from the staff gage. A chain gage was maintained at the highway bridge from May 19, 1909, 5.0- Discharge 565 second-feet 4.75 4.60 to June 30, 1914. (See PI. IX, B.) Discharge measurements.— Made from a cable (PL IX, A) or by wading (PI. X, A). Prior to July, 1914, measurements were made from the highway bridge, the rail- road bridge, and from a suspension footbridge. Channel and control. — Channel deep and of faMy uniform section at the gage. The control for the gage at new site is defined by a rock outcrop about 500 feet down- stream. Control section for gage at highway bridge formed by a reef of rocks about 200 feet downstream. Extremes op discharge. — Maximum stage recorded at new gage datum, 17.31 feet April 7, 1912, found by leveling from flood marks preserved on building near the gage (discharge not determined); minimum stage 1914-1916, 2.77 feet August 13, 1914, and October 24, 1915 (discharge, 19 second-feet). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge rela- tion seriously affected by ice during the winter months. Records based on gage heights corrected for back- water by means of discharge meas- urements, observer's notes, and cli- matic records. Diversions. — Water for the cities of Montpelier and Barre is obtained from tributaries of the river. The sewer systems of both cities, however, discharge into the river above the gage. Regulation. — ^A study of the discharge records indicates that 1,220,000,000 cubic 'feet of storage might be required to insure a continuous flow of 210 second-feet or 0.5 second-foot per square mile at Montpelier for 90 per cent of the time during a year of extremely low flow; a storage of 404,000,000 cubic feet would probably insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. The operation of power plants on the main stream and tributaries above the station causes large diurnal fluctuations in stage. (See fig. 1.) Accuracy. — Results good since relocation of station in 1914. Mean daily discharge can not be accurately determined from the two observations a day obtained prior to 19 14 . . „, 235 second-feet 4.25 — FiGuEE 1.— Gage-height record, Winooski River at MontpeUer, Vt. 42 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Discharge measurements of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., during 1909-1916. Date. 1900. May 20 27 June 25 July 22 1910. Apr. 22 23 July 24 Oct. 26 1911. June 20 Aug. 6 1912. Feb. 19 Sept. 4 Oct. 12 13 14 1913. Mar. 8 25 26 Apr. 26 Sept. 15 16 1914. Apr. 23 25 27 Made by- D. M.Wood. do do do T. W . Norcross do Butterfleld and Brett. CO. Covert G. H. Canfleld. do G.H. Canfleld. J. G. Mathers.. C. S. DeGolver. do ■-... do C. S. DeGolyer. R. S. Barnes... do do G.H. Canfleld. do Pierce and Barnes. do do Gage height. Dis- charge. Feet. 6.40 4.69 4.17 4.17 Sec.-ft. 1,750 457 259 242 4.67 5.06 3.72 4.70 466 676 79 S89 4.18 3.35 236 17.1 4.77 4.08 4.01 4.85 4.51 174 203 180 554 341 4.33 8.41 9.54 j.40 3.87 3.97 203 4,140 5,850 895 93 105 7.86 7.38 7.85 2,760 2,580 3,170 Date. July 1914. May 15 16 29 1 1 2 19 21 Oct. 5 Nov. 25 Dec. 22 1915. Jan. 9 Feb. 11 Mar. 16 25 May 3 3 June 6 6 Nov. 16 Dec. 20 1916. Jan. 12 Feb. 13 Mar. 22 Apr. 6 Made by- C. S. DeGolyer ..do ..do ..do ..do....... ..do ..do ..do C. H. Pierce. C.S. DeGolyer ....do C.H. Pierce.. R. S. Barnes. C.H.Pierce.. do R. S. Barnes. do C.H.Pierce.. do G. F. Adams. R. S. Barnes. R. S. Barnes. do do do.. do Gage height. Feet. 5.07 4.99 4.46 3.86 3.92 4.19 3.00 3.63 3.68 3.83 J 4. 14 a 4. 98 a 4. 66 3.84 4.85 4.74 4.72 2.905 3.34 4.10 v. Dec. Jaa. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 113 163 300 1,180 1,730 530 3,830 909 566 350 228 86 133 210 1,140 1,220 470 4,450 839 370 300 168 58 136 195 1,140 825 445 2,380 755 430 420 129 158 115 195 1,040 620 395 1,780 1,070 1,100 470 115 216 108 110 1,040 420 300 1,420 818 909 602 108 430 141 178 1,600 560 280 1,500 692 818 380 90 234 74 148 1,460 530 280 1,550 608 657 256 99 189 108 145 790 395 280 1,340 626 500 280 108 153 115 143 530 420 300 1,380 602 790 240 370 97 104 131 420 445 320 1,220 524 1,380 234 930 153 120 120 320 370 320 1,420 530 1,380 195 470 124 108 42 240 345 300 1,680 465 1,460 204 260 110 165 108 210 370 300 1,550 420 1,000 204 225 115 51 97 180 345 300 1,600 330 825 186 213 108 175 108 168 320 300 1,600 375 620 195 160 195 225 97 143 320 320 1,730 536 590 155 155 82 228 108 180 300 300 2,030 2,480 811 195 150 148 148 131 168 300 260 2,430 3,650 755 198 126 136 150 280 168 300 240 1, 880 1,550 584 183 131 165 440 280 143 240 280 1,460 1,070 1,140 153 76 168 445 180 155 240 240 1,420 867 776 183 113 150 365 155 180 210 260 1,600 734 530 204 117 145 296 131 355 195 225 2,700 818 470 207 110 52 248 120 500 195 210 2,030 811 430 210 101 117 138 86 395 225 240 1,640 650 395 186 113 113 216 168 500 1,140 260 1,420 530 415 160 120 115 175 860 1,600 1,300 445 1,220 494 460 148 64 117 158 2,700 5,790 970 970 1,140 415 839 155 120 124 240 2,430 2,230 650 1,550 1,040 440 554 108 136 124 360 1,380 1,140 3,110 965 650 430 56 158 82 1,260 1,070 6,070 902 148 129 Sept. 1915-16, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 , 17 18.; 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 , 27 28 , 29 30 31 - 130 145 105 135 155 145 135 120 115 100 135 125 105 115 125 225 150 145 140 140 135 125 110 70 140 150 125 128 155 1,010 Note. — Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 30 and 5,000 second-feet. Stage- discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 7, 1914, to Feb. 26, 1915; Dec. 10-27, 1915, and Jan. 8 to Mar. 31, 1916; records for these periods based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of discharge measure- ments, observer's notes, and weather records. Monthly discharge of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1914-1916. [New gage; drainage area, 420 square miles.] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Miaimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in mches on drainage area). Accu- racy. 1914. June 16-30 July August September 1914-15 October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 225 410 355 268 590 482 2,530 1,640 1,000 4,190 970 560 2,300 853 201 148 42 34 22 68 21 49 90 210 355 192 86 168 120 54 180 147 97.2 126 134 225 126 373 359 463 923 397 208 382 296 129 0.429 .350 .231 .300 .319 .536 .300 .888 .855 1.10 2.20 .945 .495 .910 .705 .307 0.24 .40 .27 .33 .37 .60 .35 1.02 .89 1.27 2.46 1.09 .55 1.05 .81 .34 4,190 .795 10.80 50 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Monthly discharge of Winooshi River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1914-1916— Continned. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage Accu- racy. 1915-16 October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 430 445 2,700 5,790 1,730 6,070 4,450 3,650 1,460 602 930 1,010 62 61 42 143 195 210 965 330 370 56 64 70 406 844 534 648 ,780 844 733 231 180 161 0.336 .448 .967 2.01 1.27 1.54 4.24 2.01 1.75 .550 .429 .383 6,070 556 1.32 0.39 .50 1.11 2.32 1.37 1.78 4.73 2.32 1.95 .63 .49 .43 18.02 Days of deficiency in discharge of Winooshi River at Montpelier, Vt., during the years ending Sept. 30, 1915-16. Discharge in second- feet. Theoretical horsepower per foot of faU. Days of deficiency in discharge. Discharge in second- feet. Theoretical horsepower per foot offaU. Days of deficiency in discharge. 1914-15 1915-16 1914-15 1915-16 25 50 75 100 126 ISO 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 2.8 5.7 8.5 11.4 14.2 17.1 22.7 28.4 34.1 39.8 45.6 56.8 68.2 79.6 90.9 2 9 21 46 75 110 173 223 245 264 276 303 325 333 339 1,000 1,200 1,600 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 6,000. 8,000 114 137 171 227 284 341 455 682 909 348 352 357 360 362 363 364 365 302 318 335 351 358 360 363 365 366 1 8 18 60 99 149 179 192 213 227 251 267 278 284 Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at different rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on wliich the discharge and corresponding horsepower were respectively less than the amoimts given in the colunuis for discharge and horsepower. In using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. WINOOSKI RIVER AT RICHMOND, VT. Location. — At the steel highway bridge about one-fourth mile from Richmond rail- way station on the road to Huntington, 2 miles below mouth of Huntington River. Drainage area. — 985 square miles.« Records available .—June 25, 1903, to April 30, 1907; July 8 to October 31, 1910. Gage. — Chain on highway bridge; read twice daily by George Champang and J. N. Buley. Discharge measurements. — Made from the bridge or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel of gravel and alluvium. Control somewhat shifting. a Erroneously given as 885 square miles in reports previously published. LAKE CHAMPLAIlSr DBAINAGE BASIN. 51 Extremes of discharge. — Maximum open water stage recorded, 18.7 feet at 7 a. m. March 26, 1904 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 29,300 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.45 feet August 20, 1906 (discharge, 225 second- feet). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes and records of precipitation and temperature. Diversions. — No diversions except from tributaries for municipal use. Regulation. — Power developments above the station affected the distribution of flow at low stages. Discharge measurements of WinoosM River at Richmond, Vt., during 1903-1907 and 1910. Date. 1903. June 6 25 July Aug. 6 22 7 13 13 Sept. 15 15 Nov. 11 1904. May 4 7 10 Aug. 18 Oct. 31 Made by — H. K. Barrows. do do N. C. Grover. . . H. K. Barrows. do do do do do H. K. Barrows. J. H. Ayres do H. K. Barrows. do height. Feet. 4.00 5.05 4.50 5.33 4.23 4.40 4.42 3.70 3.78 4.42 7.10 6.16 5.89 4.08 5.08 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 202 1,040 545 1,320 392 450- 475 146 154 452 3,610 2,360 1,930 352 1,210 Date. 1905. Mar. 3 4 Apr. 3 May 13 1906. Mar. 9 29 Apr. 13 18 25 25 May 23 23 Sept. 25 Nov. 30 1910. July 9 Aug. 29 Made by — H. K. Barrows do A. D. Butterfleld do H. K. Barrows A. D. Butterfleld do Butterfleld and Nye . . A. D. Butterfleld G. M. Brett Butterfleld and Brett. do Butterfleld and Pierce A. D. Butterfleld Butterfleld and Brett . G. M. Brett Gage height. Feet. a 5. 45 5.58 6.65 4.97 15.53 6.96 6.57 9.55 6.50 6.50 4.97 4.97 3.92 5.10 4.31 3.80 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 206 262 3,070 1,180 585 3,190 3,500 9,180 3,380 3,210 1,240 1,290 389 1,350 408 148 a Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of WinoosJci River at Richmond, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903-1907 and 1910. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1903. 1 435 620 710 470 370 505 540 435 340 260 285 2«5 215 260 260 800 755 630 500 370 435 400 340 285 285 340 340 505 400 340 285 235 260 235 235 235 215 215 235 235 195 215 195 165 195 1903. 16 285 400 370 285 340 1,630 1,300 2,350 1,8.50 950 850 950 665 580 1,000 1,410 235 260 260 235 850 710 505 370 340 340 340 340 315 285 235 235 195 2 . - 17 180 3 18 195 4 19. 165 5 20 165 6 21 1 140 7 22 - 195 8 23. . ! 140 9 24 180 10 25.. . 1,000 800 665 505 470 435 140 11 26 180 12 27 140 13 28 29 140 14 165 15 30 165 31. . . . 52 SUEFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Richmond, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-1907 and 1910— Continued. Day. 1903-4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1904-5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 , 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 , 19 , 20 21 , 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 140 195 235 195 285 340 285 260 620 1,200 800 620 435 400 315 260 285 285 710 900 710 505 435 800 755 620 620 540 505 620 1,150 4,630 5,350 2,930 2,090 1,520 1,410 1,300 1,000 1.000 900 1,200 1,250 1,050 1,150 1,200 1,100 710 710 1,850 9,500 2,930 2,090 1,630 1,410 1,850 1,740 1,630 1,410 1,100 Nov. 1,050 800 665 540 505 540 665 540 470 540 470 435 400 400 340 285 470 1,410 950 710 710 900 710 505 470 710 540 620 620 540 800 800 710 710 710 620 620 540 540 435 400 400 470 470 540 470 540 435 710 620 665 1,100 710 620 620 620 470 470 540 620 Dec. 505 470 540 505 505 Jan. 540 580 Feb. Mar. 3,090 3,260 11,700 12,600 6,930 4, 990 4,630 5,350 12,200 8,620 8,840 9,060 9,940 14,200 12,600 Apr. 3,600 3,260 3,430 2,630 2,930 3,940 4,990 4,990 7,770 7,770 6,120 4,630 4,280 2,930 2,490 2,090 1,850 2,350 2,490 2,220 2,350 2,350 3,260 3,770 6,120 6,520 4,450 4,630 7,140 9,500 6,520 3,770 3,020 2,640 4,280 4,630 4,110 3,150 2,640 2,760 3,940 4,630 3,940 3,300 2,760 2,280 2,160 1,920 1,700 1,810 3,150 6,120 3,300 2,760 2,520 2,280 2,160 2,280 2,280 2,400 May. 6,520 5,170 4,280 4,110 3,600 2,780 2,350 2,220 1,970 1,850 1,850 1,740 1,410 1,300 1,100 2,490 4,450 2,350 2,090 4,990 3,770 2,350 1,970 1,740 1,630 1,630 1,630 1,360 1,000 900 800 2,040 1,810 1,810 2,640 2,160 1,920 1,920 1,810 1,700 1,580 1,360 1,140 1,040 1,040 1,520 2,040 1,810 1,580 1,580 1,470 1,300 1,140 990 840 740 1,040 Jime. 755 755 710 620 540 580 620 800 1,300 900 620 470 470 400 370 470 340 235 235 260 285 340 370 340 285 235 315 260 285 315 1,040 940 1,640 1,420 1,250 2,520 2,040 1,420 1,300 1,090 1,360 2,280 2,040 2,640 2,280 1,090 1,250 1,420 1,040 1,200 1,520 1,700 1,250 940 650 2,760 1,810 1,700 1,140 July. 315 400 800 470 370 400 340 260 285 235 235 235 900 800 505 315 260 235 235 195 195 195 195 195 152 215 435 620 540 435 340 840 6,720 7.140 3', 020 2,040 1,520 1,250 990 790 695 790 650 670 650 740 740 1,090 940 990 1,040 695 570 495 425 495 460 570 570 460 2,890 9,260 Aug. 285 340 340 285 340 260 235 195 235 235 235 260 235 235 400 340 315 215 195 235 2,930 1,250 1,250 710 470 340 285 235 180 195 195 5,350 2,890 1,810 1,250 990 1,090 1,250 1,040 940 790 650 570 610 425 425 3,600 2,760 1,470 1,090 790 650 570 495 495 425 460 610 392 570 LAKE CHAMPLAIK DRAINAGE BASIN. 53 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winoo ski River at Richmond, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903-1907 and iSiJO— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1905-6. 1 840 940 940 940 840 695 650 570 570 650 2,160 1,810 1,520 1,090 1,090 940 840 840 1,140 990 840 1,200 l',360 1,040 890 740 650 650 570 650 650 940 1,140 990 940 1,140 1,090 1,580 1,810 1,360 1,250 1,040 940 1,580 1,810 1,300 1,250 1,360 990 890 840 740 840 740 740 1,090 1,360 1,200 1,040 840 3,770 1,470 1,150 1,700 3,150 1,920 1,810 1,700 1,580 1,580 1,470 2,120 1,740 1,620 1,860 3,300 4,830 2,980 3,140 2,680 2,390 1,990 3,460 3,620 5,570 14,000 13,300 9,710 8,420 8,420 8,840 9,050 9,930 6,150 4,130 3,140 2,980 2,680 2,530 2,390 3,140 3,460 2,830 3,960 3,620 3,140 2,830 2,250 1,860 2,250 4,650 3,300 2,530 10,600 6,750 3,790 3,140 2,680 2,680 2,250 1,680 1,440 1,560 1,220 1,120 2,250 3,300 4,470 6,350 3,620 2,680 1,990 1,740 1,560 1,620 1,390 1,120 1,390 3,460 2,390 2,680 1,990 1,860 1,500 1,220 1,060 785 785 785 1,800 1,340 960 785 960 1,680 5,380 3,140 2,120 1,500 1,060 1,390 1,680 1,800 1,390 1,010 1,170 1,500 1,060 745 668 630 630 1,680 1,120 785 630 465 595 408 408 630 465 915 1,440 828 595 465 435 528 408 380 3,460 2,530 1,340 745 595 528 495 595 2,250 960 595 528 528 310 355 408 435 355 355 310 248 225 408 310 310 435 408 275 528 5,760 1,340 828 668 465 2 355 3 1 990 4 2 830 5 1280 6 870 7 705 g 465 g 408 10 528 11 495 12 355 13 355 14 408 15 408 16 310 17 290 18 355 19 528 20 355 21 355 22 355 23 310 24 408 25 408 26 408 27 528 28 5,190 3,960 3,140 2,980 435 29 560 30 915 31 Bay. Oct. Nov. Dec. Apr. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Apr. 1906-7. 595 465 495 330 330 380 495 330 528 595 595 1,010 960 870 785 785 705 630 630 668 630 595 495 435 560 435 870 870 705 630 1,440 1,860 1,740 8.420 5,010 3,790 3,960 6,350 5,380 3,790 3,620 3,140 2,530 2,390 2,830 3,140 3,140 3,790 19 16 06-7. 960 745 560 528 1,860 2,120 1,280 960 828 1,060 1,620 1,170 870 960 785 705 1,060 1,170 1,620 5,950 3,460 2,250 2,120 2,250 1,620 1,170 1,220 2,120 2.830 2,120 1,440 2,980 17 2 18 19 .... 20 21 1,990 6 22 23. 2,980 24 25 7,580 26 9,270 27 28 29 30 31 1 1 Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. 1910. 340 340 312 370 850 950 1,050 850 665 470 665 665 580 370 370 260 235 260 285 400 1,520 2.220 1,460 950 505 312 340 370 340 370 540 1,200 1,300 800 620 710 900 710 580 665 755 680 640 680 606 1910. 16 312 170 235 285 312 260 312 340 235 340 285 260 1,050 800 620 312 340 370 400 400 ^70 285 370 312 285 340 312 235 190 212 212 235 340 340 260 260 260 312 312 285 260 212 312 370 2,840 2,090 960 285 17 18 19 20 21 400 22 23 24 25 26 340 400 400 400 340 1,200 27 28 1,720 29 1,300 16 30 1,000 900 31 54 SUEFACE WATEES OP VERMONT?. Monthly discharge of WinoosH River at Richmond, Vt.,for 1903-1907 and 1910. [Drainage area, 985 square miles.] Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in laches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. 1903. June 25-30 - 1,000 2,350 850 285 435 215 235 140 646 684 406 194 0.656 .694 .412 .197 0.15 July .80 .48 .22 1903-4. Ocfober 1,200 1,410 140 285 517 617 o670 O720 o500 a 1,970 4,230 2,500 483 364 434 1,030 .525 .626 .680 .731 .507 2.00 4.30 2.54 .490 .370 .441 1.05 .61 .70 .78 .84 .55 2.31 9,500 6,520 1,300 900 2,930 6,520 1,850 800 235 152 180 180 4.80 May 2.93 .55 July .43 .51 1.17 The year. 140 1, 170 1.19 16. 18 1904-5. 9,500 1,100 710 400 1,910 599 455 o375 350 o4,140 3,170 1,C00 1,520 1,620 1,230 2,340 1.94 .608 .462 .381 .355 4.20 3.22 1.62 1.54 1.64 1.25 2.38 2.24 .68 .53 .44 .37 14,200 6,520 3,940 2,760 9,260 5,350 8,620 4.84 1,700 740 650 425 425 790 3.59 1.87 June 1.72 July 1.89 1.44 2.66 14, 200 1,620 1.64 22.27 1905-6. October . 2,160 3,770 3,150 570 740 910 1,220 a 1,270 a 2, 250 a 1, 180 a 985 5,000 3,230 1,700 960 756 615 .924 1.24 1.29 2.29 1.20 1.00 5.08 3.28 1.73 .975 .768 .624 1.07 1.38 1.49 2.04 1.25 5,190 14,000. 10,600 5,380 3,460 5,760 2,830 1.15 April 1,620 1,120 785 380 225 310 5.67 May 3.78 1.93 1.12 .89 .70 14,000 225 1,670 1.70 23.07 1906-7. 2,120 5,950 330 435 831 1,400 "872 a 1, 370 a 490 a 1,600 5,010 .844 1.42 .885 1.39 .500 1.62 5.09 .97 1.58 1.02 January 1.60 .52 1.87 April 11,500 1,990 5.68 1910. July 11-31 1,050 1,050 2,840 1,720 170 190 212 285 381 442 641 ■ 730 .387 .449 .651 .741 .30 .52 September .73 .85 a Estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and comparison with records of other streams. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAIKAGE BASIN. 55 WINOOSKI RIVER NEAR WINOOSKI, VT. Location. — ^At a highway bridge known as High Bridge, on the road from Winooski to the lime kilns, 4 miles below Muddy Brook and 7 miles above mouth of river. Deainagb area. — 1,080 square miles. Records available. — March 18 to November 29, 1903. Gage. — Chain; read twice daily by John De Forge. Discharge measurements. — Made from railroad bridge about a mile downstream from the gage. Channel and control. — Channel deep, with rock bed. Control at dam about a mile downstream from the gage. Crest of dam 37.5 feet above gage datum. Extremes of stage. — Maximum stage recorded, 49.7 feet at 6 p. m. March 24; mini- mum stage, 28.7 feet at 6 a. m. September 22. Diversions. — No diversions except from tributaries for municipal use. Regulation. — Power developments above the station affected the distribution of flow at low stages. Accuracy. — Stage-discharge relation affected by operation of gates at the dam 1 mile below the gage. As power was used for electric lighting only and practically no water drawn during the daytime in the period for which records were obtained, the gage heights at high and medium stages may be considered fairly good indices of the flow. At low stages of the river, however, the water level might l^e below the crest of the dam and water stored during the day to be drawn down during the night; consequently gage heights below 37.5 feet afford no indication of flow other than that the stage of the river was low. Discharge measurements of Winooski River near Winooski, Vt., during 1903. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Mar. 19 H. K. Barrows Feet. 43.25 40.80 41.30 41.30 39.65 39.50 Sec.-ft. 7,450 4,476 5,510 5,595 2,510 2,415 Apr. 15 20 27 May 9 18 A. D. Butterfleld Feet. 39.45 39.00 . 38. 70 38.35 38.05 Sec.-ft. 2,210 Mar. 31 A. D. Butterfleld do ....do 1,575 Apr. 8 8 A. D. Butterfleld :. H. K. Barrows A. D. Butterfleld 1,165 740 13 15 H. K. Barrows A.D. Butterfleld 355 56 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMOiSTT. Daily gage height, in feet of Winooshi River Tiear Winooshi, Vt., for 1903. Bay. Mar. Apr. May. June. Ju]y. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 .. 41.85 40.7 40.35 42.35 40.85 40.6 40.5 41.1 41.1 41.1 40.2 39.85 39.65 39.5 39.45 39.5 39.6 39.3 39.15 39.05 38.95 38.9 38.8 38.75 38.8 38.7 38.6 38.65 38.6 38. 65 38.7 38.6 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.4 38.25 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.25 38.15 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.1 3S.1 38.05 38.0 37.95 37.9 37.9 37.85 37.75 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.7 37.55 37.5 37.3 37.3 36.65 36.5 37.85 38.85 39.65 40. 05 40.1 39.45 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.9 38.85- 39.0 3S.9 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.2 38.1 38.3 38.25 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.1 38.15 38.05 38.0 38.0 38.0 37.95 38.1 38.05 37.95 37.9 37.9 37.9 38.0 38.4 39.3 39.3 39.3 39.0 39.0 39.0 38.85 38.6 38.3 38.3 38.3 38-1 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.8 37.75 37.45 37.05 37.8 37.7 37.55 37.55 37.5 37.5 37.55 37.55 37.8 37.95 37.5 37.5 37.55 37.5 '"37.'5"' 37.35 36.45 35.35 33.55 .33.3 35.45 35.15 34.5 34.55 31.5 33.4 33.75 34.65 34.1 33.6 33.75 34.4 33.9 34.1 35.3 37.3 37.2 37.4 37.8 38.55 39.0 39.4 40.1 40.0 39.75 39.1 39.1 38.95 38.75 38.7 38.95 39.4 39.76 39.7 38. 9 38.95 38.9 38.85 39.3 39.2 38.95 38.9 39.2 39.5 39.55 2 39.7 3 39.5 4 . .. 39.5 5 39.5 C 39.45 7 39.5 8 39.4 9 39.4 10 39.4 11 39.4 12 39.3 13 39.3 14... 15 39.1 39.1 16 39.1 17 39.25 18 43.6 43.3 46.4 46.4 40.3 19 40.8 20 40.7 21 40.05 22 39.6 23 44.7 49.7 47.4 39.5 24 39.35 25 39.2 2(5 39.1 27 41.7 41.4 41.1 40.55 40.75 39.25 28 .... 38.8 29 30 31 Monthly discharge of Winooshi River near Winooshi, Vt., for 1903. Mouth. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. March 18-31. . April May 1-21 June 12-30 July 1-15, 20-31 August 1, 2 October 7-31... November 1-28 23.400 7,790 1,160 3,240 2,000 657 3,240 4,500 4,020 1,030 305 537 305 420 970 1,300 11,900 2,870 616 1,420 810 538 1,870 2,330 Note.— Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 350 and 6,000 second-feet. Dis- charge not apphed to gage heights below 38.0 feet. STEVENS BRANCH OF WINOOSKI RIVER NEAR MONTPELIER, VT. Location. — Near highway bridge on Marvin farm, about one-fourth mile above the confluence of Stevens Branch with Winooski River and 3 miles from Montpelier. Drainage AREA. — 130 square miles. Records available. — July 5 to September 30, 1910. Gage. — Vertical staff on left bank 60 feet below the bridge; read twice daily by W. B. Marvin. Discharge measurements. — Made by wading. Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and alluvium; control probably permanent throughout period covered by records. Regulation. — Distribution of flow throughout the 24 hours probably affected by operation of power plants. Very little storage in the basin. Accuracy. — Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge. Results of discharge measurements and gage reading twice daily show in a general way the flow during the period. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 57 Discharge measurements of Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, Vt., during 1910. [Made by G. M. Brett.] Date. Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Gage height. Dis- charge. Julys. . .... Feet. 1.79 1.38 Sec.-ft. 77 14.3 Aug. 10 Feet. 1.75 1.63 Sec.-ft. 64 23 23 46.2 Daily gage height, in feet, of Stevens Branch of Winooski River near Montpelier, Vt., from July 5 to Sept. SO, 1910. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 1 1.65 1.6 1.5 2.25 2.25 2.6 1.95 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.9 2.5 1.9 1.85 1.85 11 1.5 1.45 1.55 1.8 1.65 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.45 1.45 1.5 1.85 1.75 1.35 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.65 1.65 1.75 1.8 1.C5 1.05 1.75 1.85 1.75 1.75 1.65 1.55 1.5 21 1.48 1.5 1.45 1.25 1.45 1.35 1.5 1.62 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.45 1.55 1.45 1.4 1.55 1.5 1.55 1.55 2 12 22 1.5 3 13 23 1.6 4. 14 24 1.6 5 1.8 1.65 1.5 1.5 1.6 1 4 15 25 1.75 6 16 26 1.85 7 17 27 . ... 1.95 8 18 28 3.15 9 19 29 2.35 10 20 30 1.95 31 NORTH BRANCH i OF WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELIER, VT. Location. — A short distance below dam of Lane Manufacturing Co. at Montpelier, about half a mile above the confluence of North Branch with Winooski River. Drainage area. — 78 square miles (measured on post-route map of Vermont, edition of 1915). Records available. — ^May 15, 1909, to December 31, 1914. Gage. — Vertical staff attached to stone wall and tree on left bank; read twice daily by S. A. Luke. Discharge measurements. — Made from steel highway bridge or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel covered with boulders and gravel; somewhat shifting. Control influenced by backwater from Winooski River at high stages. Extremes op discharge. — Maximum stage recorded, 10.3 feet at 4.30 p. m. April 20, 1914 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 4,540 second-feet); minimum discharge of about 2 second-feet at various times when water held back by dam. Winter plow. — Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice. Regulation. — Distribution of flow during the day affected by operation of power plant above station. Accuracy.- — Several rating curves have been used ; apparently impossible to develop a single rating curve for all stages owing to shifting of channel and varying effect of backwater from Winooski River. Mean daily stage not determinable from two gage readings a day owing to diurnal fluctuations caused by operation of power plants above. Following tables show discharge corresponding to each gage reading. Comparison of records with records obtained at other stations indicates that the determination of mean monthly flow derived from two gage readings a day and special computations may be fairly good, except for periods of high water in Winooski River, when data for this station are imcertain. > Sometimes called Worcester Branch. 58 SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. Discharge measurements of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., during 1909-1914. Date. 1909. May 17 19 28 June 25 25 July 2 2 23 1910. Apr. 21 21 Oct. 26 1911. June 20 Aug. 6 1912. Feb. 20 Sept. 4 Made by— D. M. Wood ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... T. W. Norcross, ....do C.C. Covert.... G. H.Canfleld. ....do G. H.Canfleld. J. G. Mathers.. height. Feet. 3.10 2.60 1.50 1.10 .80 61.02 .78 1.43 1.76 1.72 2.20 1.07 cl.59 1.45 Dis- charge. Sec-it. 557 327 82 30 a4 21 a2 67 126 116 201 28 4.9 Date. 1912. Oct. 12 13 14 1913. Mar. 26 26 Apr. 28 1914. Apr. 25 27 May 15 16 29 July 1 Dy- es. DeGolyer , ....do ....do R. S. Barnes ....do ....do C. H. Pierce and R. S Barnes R. S. Barnes C. S.DeGolyer ....do ....do ....do , Gage height. Feet. 1.11 2.79 1.95 7.20 6.50 1.87 3.21 3.40 1.62 1.59 1.44 .82 Dis- Sec.-ft. 23 329 131 1,030 2,700 126 520 632 108 3.9 a. Estimated. 6 Gage height uncertain. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914. Day. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1909. 1 79 87 79 79 51 79 79 a 19 a 19 a 20 26 26 a 21 a 22 oil a 10 a2 a 18 a 20 a 20 a 20 a20 o20 64 79 79 79 o40 020 a 26 a 17 21 4 30 a 16 a 16 a 16 a 10 '""36" 64 4 a 20 a 20 a 20 022 a 22 a 14 4 a 22 022 020 . o20 20 a 14 4 20 a 2.0 a44 4 51 45 51 45 . 45 30 30 51 40 iO 51 79 115 125 64 205 79 96 260 90 21 21 30 30 30 12 40 21 25 25 40 25 30 ■■"25" 25 21 21 12 30 '"""35' 136 51 96 51 79 64 51 51 51 40 30 4 40 30 '""'36' 35 40 40 40 40 "•"46' 35 25 40 40 45' '""46" 21 40 21 12 51 30 2,650 1,700 775 820 350 2,450 2 1,200 3 820 4 380 5 290 6 230 7 4 350 530 320 205 182 136 79 159 96 96 96 96 90 650 8 21 21 21 21 35 30 32 21 21 21 21 45 21 30 35 21 21 40 40 35 o38 a 38 o38 o38 415 9 350 10 260 11 205 12 182 13 40 14 136 15 115 16 21 96 ■ 136 18 115 159 20 182 21 290 290 415 450 1,150 1,400 350 136 136 25 64 40 51 40 40 30 40 415 23 490 24 650 25 2,200 26 910 610 28 570 775 1,100 1,000 260 205 79 1,000 30 1,300 865 Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1909-10. 1 . 1,000 610 690 650 690 290 350 380 415 320 260 260 230 205 182 182 182 136 96 125 205 159 136 115 136 96 115 136 820 320 159 320 '""i82' 170 910 380 230 182 '"lis" 182 115 96 79 51 51 45 40 51 79 57 """"79' 51 40 2,050 490 290 '""96" 130 182 182 182 530 290 205 159 115 136 205 115 96 79 64 57 51 51 45 136 87 96 79 96 96 350 1,000 350 205 159 115 230 380 230 205 115 182 570 350 290 182 136 "'i82' 159 64 79 51 51 ■■-■-■ 64 40 96 35 79 "'"'35' 79 64 40 320 182 159 115 136 350 650 320 205 159 182 182 159 96 64 87 79 115 64 79 51 21 96 79 45 40 51 147 79 71 35 40 ""35' 30 4 2 30 51 35 51 40 51 30 79 79 51 30 25 51 40 40 30 35 64 30 35 64 79 51 40 30 30 35 30 35 30 30 64 79 64 320 30 ■""79' 79 ""'si' """"64' 79 '"'79' 40 30 30 64 40 260 320 79 40 30 30 30 21 40 30 30 30 30 30 21 21 21 21 21 30 30 1,400 205 64 2 51 3 51 4 350 350 415 530 350 260 5 .... 64 6 320 7 182 8 159 9 79 10 40 11. 290 205 182 159 159 136 21 40 4 4 35 4 40 71 79 51 2 12 30 13 30 14 15 16 51 40 17 51 18 96 159 182 136 96 159 4 2 2 2 2 2 71 51 57 79 35 19, 64 20 40 21 40 22 30 23 25 ....... 51 40 40 '"'46' 30 30 30 24 30 25.... 26 96 79 775 320 205 205 2 2 51 2 35 51 40 79 71 96 1S2 79 (;4 21 ----- 30 51 27 40 28 29 380 30 31 40 1 64 1 1 1 a Mean flow for 24 hours, determined by special computations. 60 SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMON^T. Tivice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooshi River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1910-11. 1 30 490 205 205 30 64 40 30 40 51 '"'79' 51 '10 79 64 40 ""79" 79 79 64 64 79 ""64" 30 64 64 57 79 ""79' 96 230 182 230 182 ""%' 79 64 320 290 450 96 87 380 260 450 51 45 40 51 45 45 51 45 51 40 79 71 79 115 115 115 115 2 3 4 5 71 64 79 87 87 79 6 1 7 205 205 136 96 96 79 96 79 64 64 79 51 64 51 40 10 40 51 57 45 64 40 40 51 159 136 115 96 64 51 ""79" 79 79 96 79 79 71 79 71 ""64' 51 ""79' 64 79 1 8 1 9 1 10 . . 11 57 40 30 30 30 51 45 35 40 35 30 30 64 87 64 182 136 290 217 79 79 12 51 51 51 45 45 96 96 96 96 79 136 159 13 14 15 Ifi 17 18 19 . . 79 64 71 79 64 51 115 96 96 130 105 lis 20 21 1 22 j 23 1 24 25 20 64 51 45 45 51 490 27 115 79 115 182 205 28 . . t 29 j 1 1 30 . . 1 1 1 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1910-11. 1 . . . . 182 230 230 136 136 136 182 1,400 955 450 415 450 610 1,000 1,050 2,050 690 1,050 415 320 205 182 ""182' 159 136 115 96 64 51 40 40 35 30 ""36' 30 21 25 40 30 ----- ""46' 570 690 350 260 205 159 182 182 136 136 115 96 79 64 79 79 . 79 45 51 51 35 79 64 51 79 21 25 21 64 51 71 21 79 30 64 96 71 30 1 40 30 1 51 51 40 51 40 30 3' 3 3 3 2 ""36' 3 21 12 21 51 79 40 51 12 3 30 2 2 30 2 3 3 2 2 1 3 25 40 40 30 2 3 230 260 96 136 670 955 4 5 . ... 21 21 21 21 21 21 64 51 51 64 64 64 30 30 30 30 ""30" 30 12 30 30 30 ""36' 40 40 30 30 ■ 40 40 30 40 40 4 64 40 4 30 30 4 4 30 96 64 64 40 30 51 64 115 96 79 25 6 7 30 79 8 64 9 40 10 350 350 415 530 1,150 1,450 11 79 79 79 64 64 96 51 12 21 30 ""36' 30 21 ""12' 21 12 79 51 45 79 64 51 35 3 79 79 25 79 64 64 25 40 51 64 64 64 51 21 79 64 64 4 40 51 13 40 14 40 15 51 16 17 690 490 650 690 690 610 570 610 820 865 775 570 570 820 865 865 865 1,000 820 775 18 79 64 64 51 64 79 51 19 51 20 40 21 40 22 . . .. 30 25 ■ 30 30 21 3 21 25 2 30 23 24 570 1,000 910 955 955 955 30 40 40 40 45 51 25. 51 64 64 64 79 79 30 26 40 27 64 28 64 (>1 ""64' 51 51 51 57 30 10 30 40 21 40 21 30 51 29 . . 51 30 40 31 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN. 61 Twice-daily discTiarge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.jfor the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1911-12. 1 79 64 64 64 96 79 79 79 230 115 159 136 79 64 2 96 96 320 350 320 205 115 136 115 64 64 115 350 380 260 "'i59' 96 79 64 51 40 3 64 4 79 159 79 64 64 79 79 79 96 96 79 96 79 96 96 115 115 96 5 6 64 79 260 170 136 136 79 96 230 182 115 96 7 8 9 10 115 11 230 775 1,960 610 380 230 380 730 1,400 450 320 205 , 115 105 115 115 136 159 12 13 64 51 290 260 115 115 115 96 260 159 136 79 96 115 14 15 16 51 40 40 910 450 260 64 30 30 690 350 17. 290 18 230 159 115 96 96 1,840 182 115 96 115 96 1,720 320 380 415 380 290 260 19 20 96 115 96 79 79 64 136 115 96 115 96 21 79 87 96 79 22 23 205 230 182 96 79 79 320 182 136 96 79 79 24 115 25 136 115 79 96 450 1,250 26 380 320 260 182 115 320 260 205 136 79 79 64 71 79 27 79 79 182 96 96 450 290 28 29 30 79 64 64 79 31 865 Day. April. A. M. P. M A. M. P. M June. A. M P. M July. A. M. P. M August. A. M. P.M. September. A. M. P. M. 1,100 570 380 290 182 910 1,780 3,540 700 447 335 447 506 536 536 1,400 700 700 568 820 490 350 260 1,150 3,540 1,480 632 447 700 700 145 127 110 110 110 234 155 118 110 447 1,270 476 362 335 283 283 210 145 2,180 954 878 770 447 476 418 806 390 335 283 335 234 127 127 79 309 145 94 568 476 165 1,530 666 666 335 309 165 127 110 916 1,070 145 127 94 110 79 362 165 127 110 110 94 79 94 187 127 145 536 335 234 234 1,070 447 418 283 335 210 145 110 234 842 1,030 1,230 390 335 335 234 165 210 145 145 79 54 43 54 54 43 734 335 447 258 187 145 165 127 94 94 17 187 54 25 25 25 54 17 17 25 25 25 25 17 17 17 43 145 43 66 43 43 390 94 43 309 258 187 34 43 66 66 54 43 43 25 43 34 43 54 34 34 145 234 127 66 258 187 145 127 79 66 66 60 66 66 34 110 62 SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 191^-13. 1 94 34 34 34 66 66 66 43 25 54 43 43 38 34 54 34 ""i27' 145 127 66 66 54 43 43 43 66 878 666 362 258 165 127 110 79 66 127 "'""66' 79 66 66 1,400 418 283 127 127 283 418 258 '"'i45' 127 110 94 127 94 ""'94" 94 79 66 54 54 79 25 110 66 66 79 127 666 309 283 210 94 145 335 335 210 165 110 110 94 94 127 110 79 110 94 79 66 66 66 ""'43' 600 536 165 258 309 ■"■■94" 94 94 79 43 48 66 43 43 6G 283 66 ""'66' 66 54 48 43 """34' 79 66 66 362 335 145 362 258 145 110 127 79 79 43 66 66 66 60 66 309 187 79 54 66 60 54 54 54 54 43 64 66 54 48 43 390 94 165 110 145 94 94 ""2i6' 187 127 79 79 362 1,070 390 954 390 187 210 127 ""i45' 94 94 79 66 48 43 110 258 165 110 145 127 79 79 79 283 234 165 110 94 155 418 666 283 734 309 187 187 145 127 145 94 66 66 66 145 ""'66' 54 66 79 72 54 110 66 66 66 66 66 66 54 2 3 4 5 6 25 25 34 34 34 25 25 335 110 110 94 54 43 34 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 362 210 362 568 842 1,620 309 18 234 19 476 20 734 21 43 34 25 2,680 1,110 418 1 400 22 770 23 390 24 335 1,110 1,150 1,230 1,150 568 476 25 3,420 26 1,760 27 3,360 632 28 187 127 110 79 29 390 30 283 31 . 309 916 Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1912-13. 1 666 309 234 390 992 476 309 234 600 878 362 283 258 210 187 309 309 309 234 222 234 187 145 418 234 187 127 145 127 127 110 86 . 94 79 79 54 54 43 """"38" 22 32 22 32 32 """'22' 22 22 27 32 32 ""is" 27 22 32 234 390 110 79 127 916 283 187 66 66 54 32 43 54 18 18 54 54 14 54 54 54 43 43 43 32 43 54 54 127 283 335 234 110 79 187 842 234 165 "'i27' 79 66 54 43 43 '""43' ■32 32 27 32 27 22 38 32 22 22 14 ""i4' 14 14 4 14 14 s" 110 94 79 79 66 60 66 54 66 43 54 43 54 54 22 54 66 ■43 32 32 27 14 22 22 32 43 22 22 8 14 14 14 4 4' s' 8 4 4 18 8 ""is' 22 8 8 8 54 '4 8 8 4 4 18 ....... 43 27 14 22 18 4 4 ° 4 8 22 4 4 22 22 22 8 22 22 18 22 14 22 8 8 8 8 4 4 43 14 43 66 54 8 8 8 4" 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 3' 4 8 4 4 8 4' 4 4 4 4 8 22 4 8 3 32 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 14 8 4 4 4 4 14 8 14 14 14 14 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 4" 4 4 4 4 4 8' 8 4 4 4 4 4' 8 8 8 4 S 4' 6 4 2.. 14 3 14 4.. . 8 5 8 6 8 7 " 258 187 187 145 234 258 8 8 8 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 14 14 283 309 283 234 127 187 8 15 g 16 6 17 6 18 * 4 19 4 20 4 21 165 145 127 145 127 110 4 22 22 23 66 24 48 25 32 26 11 27 . 8 28 79 79 54 4 29 14 30 14 31 LAKE CHAMPLAIISr DEAHSTAGE BASIN. 63 Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet,^ of North Branch of Winooshi River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1913-14. 1 4 4 4 4 22 4 8 8 8 22 22 14 14 14 8 8 32 54 38 22 32 14 4 60 66 110 110 54 283 210 187 79 66 66 60 32 """"32' 22 22 22 22 22 22 110 43 43 32 27 22 22 22 22 22 418 210 94 72 54 43 43 14 14 IS 54 22 32 54 43 38 32 38 43 127 66 66 66 54 54 22 43 32 38 335 145 94 66 79 66 54 14 54 54 14 22 43 66 94 79 54 '"'is?' 94 54 48 43 43 '"'54' 43 32 32 43 32 '"'32' 43 22 27 32 22 ■■"■32' 32 43 66 79 127 94 79 66 43 210 102 94 79 66 72 54 66 66 43 66 66 66 32 48 54 48 32 43 43 32 66 54 66 43 48 43 ""'43' 54 43 38 38 43 66 66 72 48 79 32 72 66 79 79 54 2 3 4 5 6 14 4 4 4 4 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 . .. 13 22 22 27 14 14 8 14 15 16 18 19 . 20 54 145 79 64 32 32 165 258 94 43 43 32 21 22 23 24 25 320 415 490 650 380 415 290 415 26 490 27 570 28 490 29 450 30 350 31 380 Day. April. A. M. P. M. May. A. M. P. M. June. A. M. P. M July. A.M. P.M. August. A. M. P. M September. A. M. P. M 1913-14. 290 570 320 205 182 136 136 205 1,500 730 415 380 415 380 570 380 530 1,450 4,480 3,700 1,840 650 610 650 490 610 955 1,150 1,200 415 490 380 320 230 205 136 350 1,000 610 530 775 490 490 570 490 610 1,000 2,920 4,540 1,720 690 610 490 450 490 690 910 1,400 1,350 650 490 650 690 530 450 320 290 182 136 136 115 78 530 450 490 490 570 490 320 290 230 205 136 159 126 126 115 62 55 106 78 70 62 62 55 35 78 62 62 48 62 16 25 48 106 55 55 41 20 16 25 35 35 41 170 115 62 41 205 4 6 8 16 35 25 25 4 4 25 20 16 8 25 4 4 20 25 25 25 25 20 25 30 30 25 25 25 78 162 78 115 78 55 55 70 48 115 170 87 70 70 41 35 70 35 30 30 25 i^ 73175°— wsp 4.24 64 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914 — Continued. Day. October. November. December. Day. October. November. December. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1914. 1 62 35 30 20 20 6 4 6 20 42 4 4 6 4 4 70 48 42 20 62 62 30 62 35 8 4 6 30 35 55 30 25 25 25 20 25 30 "■"42' 42 30 25 25 30 42 30 42 25 35 35 35 30 35 48 42 35 35 35 48 42 78 182 230 159 96 48 42 55 42 48 35 78 25 35 35 136 205 218 125 87 48 55 48 55 55 48 35 30 42 55 1914. 16... 6 62 205 70 78 70 42 35 35 25 25 25 20 30 8 20 48 365 159 70 87 62 70 48 35 25 48 30 35 48 30 25 170 320 96 62 78 78 70 42 62 48 55 136 182 62 62 650 218 106 78 87 70 62 30 55 62 62 335 182 115 115 55 62 78 62 62 48 48 78 62 62 78 96 96 48 48 41 62 2 17 48 3 18. 48 4 19 48 5. . . 20. 62 6 21 48 7 22.. 41 8 23 115 9 24 96 10 25... 55 11 26 . 96 12 27 78 13 28 136 14 29 96 15 30 96 31 115 Note. — Discharge given corresponds to gage readings at about 6.50 a. m. and 4.30 p m.; on Sundays usually one reading between 2 and 5 p. m. DetermLuation of discharge above 600 second-feet uncertain. Monthly discharge of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914. [Drainage area, 78 square miles.] Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth m inches on drainage area.) Accu- racy. Month. Discharge m second-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area.) Accu- racy. Month. Mean. Per square mile. Mean. Per square mile. 1909. Mav 15-31 270 56.9 25.8 26.2 37.3 37.0 57.9 34.5 O70 arjO 663 283 203 143 37.4 48.0 87. S 3.46 .729 .331 .336 .478 .474 .743 .442 . 866 .641 7.22 3. 63 2.60 1.83 .479 .615 1.13 2.19 .81 .38 .39 .53 .55 .83 .51 1.00 .67 8.32 4.05 3.00 2.04 .56 .71 1.26 1?. B. C. c. c. c. B. C. D. D. D. B. B. B. C. c. B. B. B. B. D. D. D. C. B. c 1910-1 i. Tuly 34.3 20.4 61.4 0.450 .262 .659 0.52 .30 .74 c. C. .Tuly September The year. . 1911-12. October C. September 125 1.60 21.78 1909-10. October 161 129 349 olio o60 230 710 295 127 18.9 32.9 79.8 192 2.06 1.65 4.47 1.41 .769 2.95 9.10 3.78 1.63 .242 .422 1.02 2.38 1.84 5.15 1.63 .83 3.40 10.15 4.36 1.82 .28 .49 1.14 C. November December November Dpccmbsr Tanuarv B. D. D. February February .. . March..". D. D. A pril April D. May .Tunt, C. June B. Tulv Julv - .... C. 0. September September The year. . 1912-13. October. C. The year. . . 136 1.74 23. 49 2.46 33.47 2.52 2.40 1.78 2.95 1.00 7.39 3.64 1.63 .68 1910-11. October 94.6 115 85.3 oll5 o40 o80 687 139 43.1 1.21 1.47 1.09 1.47 .513 1. 03 8.81 1.78 .556 1.40 1.64 1.26 1.70 .63 1.19 9.83 2.05 .62 171 168 120 200 0.75 O.500 254 110 40.7 2.19 2.15 1.54 2.56 .961 6.41 3.26 1.41 .522 c. November December November December January B. B. B. February February March D. D. April April C. May B. June June c. a Discharge estimated by comparison with near-by drainage basins. LAKE CHAMPLAIlsr DRAHSTAGE BASIN. 65 Monthly discharge of North Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1914— ^ontiaued. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area.) Accu- racy. Month. Mean. Per square mile. 191^13. Julv 15.2 6.1 8.7 0.195 .078 .112 0.22 .09 .12 D. D. D. C. B. B. C. D. D. September...... The year. . 140 1.79 24.32 1913-14. October 47.0 58.0 58.6 O35.0 30.0 ol56 .603 .744 .751 .419 .385 2.00 .70 .83 .87 .52 .40 2.31 November December February March Month. 1913-14. April May .Tune 3uly August September The year. 1914. October November December Discharge in second-feet. Rim-off (depth in inches on Per drainage Mean. square mile. area.) 852 10.9 12.16 188 2.41 2.78 20.2 .259 .29 32.4 .415 .48 24.4 .313 .36 46.8 .600 .67 129 1.85 22.37 44.8 .571 .66 79.2 1.02 1.14 75.7 .963 1.11 Accu- racy. a Discharge estimated by comparison with near-by drainage basins. DOG RIVER AT NORTHFIELD, VT. LocATioN.^ — At highway bridge near Norwich University campus in Northfield. Union Brook joins Dog Kiver a short distance below the station. Drainage area. — 47 square miles ^ (surveys of Norwich University students). Records available. — May 14, 1906, to September 30, 1916. Records from May 14, 1909, to August 22, 1910, at lower highway bridge. August 23, 1910, to date at the present site. Gages. ^ — Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder installed October 8, 1914. Gage heights referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside well. An outside staff gage is used for auxiliary readings. Records prior to October 8, 1914, based on two readings a day of staff gage. Discharge measurements. — Made from highway bridge or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel is composed of gravel and alluvium; shifts slightly. Extremes of discharge. — 1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded at present site, 8.5 feet March 25, 1913 (discharge, 3,400 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.60 foot September 10-11, 1913 (discharge, 3.0 second-feet). At the lower gage, 1909-10, there was practically zero flow at various times due to holding back of water by dam above gage. Winter plow. — Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by ice; discharge determined from gage heights, discharge measurements, and weather records. Regulation. — ^A study of the discharge records indicates that a storage of 97,000,000 cubic feet might be required to insure a continuous flow 23.5 second-feet or 0.5 second-foot per square mile at Northfield for 90 per cent of the time during a year of extremely low flow; a storage of 45,000,000 cubic feet would probably insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. Opera- tion of a small power plant above the station affects the distribution of flow throughout the day, but the range of fluctuation is not great. * Accuracy. — Results good. Cooperation. — Water-stage recorder maintained and some discharge measurements made by students of Norwich University under the direction of the professor of civil engineering. 1 At lower highway bridge, 57 square miles, 66 SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. Discharge measurements of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., during the years ending Sept. SO, 1909-1916. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1909. , May 14 19 D. M. Wood Feet. a 3. 28 a 3. 58 2.53 1.88 a 3. 29 2.76 1.18 a 2. 71 a 2. 02 3.92 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.28 7.50 7.00 1.93 .70 3.62 1.06 0.94 1.46 Sec.-ft. 133 180 164 88.6 127 41.5 220 40.1 bl± 419 12.9 12.0 12.0 29.0 2,520 1,960 90 3.7 364 14.5 7.6 26.2 1914. Nov. 21 Dec. 5 5 1915. Jan. 16 Feb. 6 13 20 25 27 Mar. 6 May 4 June 8 Oct. 16 23 Nov. 6 15 15 15 20 20 Dec. 4 1916. Feb. 14 Mar. 21 Apr. 6 A. E. Winslow and student ... ... Feet. 1.43 1.76 1.74 1.53 1.50 cl.72 cl.98 6.90 4.00 2.27 1.97 1.10 1.40 1.16 1.12 1.20 1.35 1.35 1.91 1.86 1.29 cl.75 1.60 3.10 Sec.-ft. Norwich University students 27.7 Norwich University students 19 do 46.7 27 do do 46.4 28 D. M. Wood Norwich University students June 24 24 do do July 21 21 do 38.2 do C. S. Carleton do do 35.2 50.3 1910. Mar. 3 do do do do R. S. Barnes 65.6 2,590 Aug. 9 24 G. M. Brett 458 do G. H. Canfleld 107 68.3 1911 C. H. Pierce 14.6 June 19 Knowlton and George.. do 1912. J. G. Mathers 28.7 15.9 Sept. 13 do G. F. Adams 17.1 R. S. Barnes 18.3 1913. do 21.4 Mar. 27 R. C. Knowlton Knowlton and George.. do do R. S. Barnes 25.3 27 Apr. 28 Sept. 14 1914. Apr. 26 July 17 Oct. 9 do G. H. Canfield 71 64 22.2 R S. Barnes 34.4 C. S. DeGolyer do do 38 C. H. Pierce 252 Nov. 21 C. S. DeGolyer. . . a Gage height referred to lower gage. i> Discharge estimated. Zero flow at gage height 2. feet. c Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1909-1916. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1909. 1 103 159 123 96 284 278 127 156 135 93 100 76 63 97 72 16 14 31 26 7 15 12 7 15 12 12 16 16 15 14 2 14 14 9 10 14 22 3 8 12 9 10 2 2 8 10 7 7 6 14 5 9 8 6 6 5 7 5 7 1909. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 260 218 220 190 226 204 156 160 148 129 98 74 156 156 148 141 84 56 61 40 18 24 23 60 18 18 22 31 18 16 14 14 24 13 19 18 15 10 15 14 3 16 11 13 15 14 10 24 23 39 16 6 3 4 3 9 22 12 13 12 4 16 8 5 2 6 3 5 4 4 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 . . 7 9 22 10 10 11 2 12 4 13 71 14 15 127 148 52 32 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAUSTAGE BASIN". 67 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1909-10. 1 16 10 4 5 6 6 6 7 6 6 16 40 16 17 13 8 4 16 5 8 8 11 15 23 16 14 11 11 11 14 18 33 51 33 32 30 28 25 25 25 33 30 26 25 23 23 25 23 22 20 18 18 17 28 31 24 26 35 44 35 31 30 11 18 23 26 32 25 32 20 18 16 32 8 4 10 10 9 11 18 13 18 12 19 13 23 23 32 28 48 43 16 30 33 65 52 192 80 59 SO 46 45 44 38 40 43 33 31 30 30 30 30 30 28 28 28 26 26 25 25 25 28 29 6 4 4 23 25 32 18 17 29 32 15 25 20 20 20 20 20 15 25 15 20 20 20 25 25 25 20 25 10 15 56 55 57 48 100 100 94 254 186 116 114 89 112 ■ 105 82 65 50 44 60 44 48 46 45 34 33 50 33 34 31 325 190 170 150 150 125 203 183 163 170 136 123 94 90 88 70 62 55 52 50 46 48 45 44 41 38 35 31 28 24 28 25 25 24 24 20 15 224 146 150 2 1 214 285 214 194 175 127 163 146 103 59 59 127 133 86 73 35 45 29 45 25 18 20 22 23 14 11 2 .. . 10 3 8 4 13 5 11 6 82 7 62 8 150 152 158 136 127 109 100 93 84 69 65 101 81 63 57 74 66 55 55 333 190 116 105 24 9 19 10 17 11 17 12 18 13 12 14 21 15 15 16 18 17 71 43 66 127 150 175 274 260 17 18 15 19 12 20 12 21 12 22 15 23 9 9 8 8 11 10 9 7 8 9 7 6 6 5 5 8 5 5 5 10 9 6 6 6 6 4 6 9 7 6 5 5 4 5 8 5 18 67 23 12 15 24 20 25 20 26 40 27 60 28 94 29. 48 30 40 31 1910-11. 1 87 68 51 43 44 78 553 231 194 156 177 163 332 312 647 353 239 192 146 99 239 215 207 256 239 256 274 256 240 223 ""is" 16 18 12 11 12 10 13 14 12 11 12 9 8 10 8 9 8 12 7 7 6 8 5 5 5 6 5 7 14 8 7 6 6 5 7 13 10 10 8 48 16 11 12 2 10 3 12 4 11 5 8 6 25 7 12 8 12 9 25 10 24 11 19 12 19 13 14 14 12 15 16 16 37 17 30 18 22 19 9 20 15 21 9 22 28 23 22 24 15 25 13 26 20 27 19 28 19 29 18 30 30 31 68 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-Jeet, of Dog River at Northjield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916~Continued. Dav. Oct. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug;. 192 92 419 17 8 123 91 223 12 9 99 78 223 14 19 84 72 184 12 13 231 68 156 10 10 682 111 130 6 13 1,320 105 136 13 8 718 86 111 12 9 312 84 84 10 8 274 82 79 9 10 239 69 90 16 13 274 63 81 12 18 312 69 76 11 10 293 89 62 13 15 443 65 50 12 13 1,030 94 53 9 10 553 274 52 7 10 419 177 44 8 10 419 130 41 25 12 274 136 37 12 11 274 496 33 16 8 239 256 30 43 8 353 223 27 20 10 223 177 24 11 9 215 142 23 12 9 192 123 23 10 12 192 111 21 9 28 149 86 19 8 13 130 156 17 8 10 105 443 16 8 10 419 10 10 215 88 99 10 7 177 81 88 9 7 149 77 82 10 6 312 68 94 8 8 443 73 79 10 8 293 62 70 8 9 215 52 67 8 6 177 52 61 15 5 142 57 57 23 5 177 50 48 28 5 177 49 35 19 5 163 46 24 10 4 156 43 35 15 4 163 49 34 12 6 163 41 24 10 5 130 57 33 8 5 136 52 35 8 4 130 48 41 6 7 170 47 35 8 5 136 40 30 7 4 123 38 25 7 4 123 82 23 6 5 136 136 25 6 7 136 177 23 8 4 123 111 17 9 4 117 99 13 12 4 111 87 19 5 8 111 111 13 30 5 99 274 12 24 5 92 156 12 12 5 123 9 4 1912-13. 25 44 35 82 72 52 55 52 46 39 38 35 33 30 33 31 27 111 184 156 99 86 105 63 66 58 61 57 52 25 30 23 20 23 18 18 16 14 18 17 21 20 16 23 21 20 17 16 16 18 15 55 838 312 149 130 111 86 79 67 44 41 42 41 78 73 56 55 55 52 74 58 58 57 52 74 73 61 60 55 52 53 52 55 55 52 117 75 332 184 142 123 111 149 149 156 111 99 51 43 44 57 73 94 192 78 82 71 57 56 62 58 293 130 105 87 94 72 75 50 71 67 223 136 105 163 136 111 82 79 55 57 55 59 59 52 50 111 72 48 52 46 39 35 39 39 39 37 47 105 69 52 130 130 77 30 123 24 31 35 44 312 94 77 77 72 184 256 223 149 443 156 111 156 90 111 72 44 67 59 99 35 39 46 46 33 35 31 30 30 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 62 111 65 31 25 15 18 17 48 52 53 71 111 65 63 53 49 43 35 41 50 149 177 156 18 24 15 18 18 13 15 15 50 239 77 117 65 1,390 647 256 57 88 256 419 312 149 177 396 838 553 2,100 374 256 231 443 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 69 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916— Contmued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 5 52 57 39 30 82 215 496 39 30 13 28 48 67 39 35 99 223 353 30 28 10 25 40 94 39 35 77 192 353 48 44 12 15 35 82 38 35 71 223 312 62 28 9.2 10 46 72 39 35 68 163 312 72 53 7.9 5 39 62 48 30 77 62 293 39 44 7.7 4 39 65 43 30 67 149 231 39 35 7.3 4 44 117 39 30 57 312 200 40 24 8.9 7 117 136 38 30 56 312 185 39 24 7.6 8 177 88 31 30 57 443 156 31 24 7.6 5 105 75 25 25 55 419 142 24 24 7.2 21 75 75 20 25 62 583 123 18 21 7 8 28 77 69 18 20 62 231 142 18 18 6.7 28 69 73 15 20 57 274 136 18 13 8.2 23 65 72 15 20 53 312 123 15 10 7.9 15 62 62 16 18 62 239 111 23 15 9.0 12 62 65 16 18 94 293 99 28 34 8.6 8 56 62 18 18 111 419 92 19 65 9.6 12 67 52 18 18 82 1,850 88 18 26 8.1 97 149 53 18 18 75 2,010 . 81 31 17 9.6 99 94 55 19 15 142 756 78 19 14 2S 75 79 50 19 15 86 496 72 17 12 20 35 78 31 19 15 67 396 67 12 15 11 30 75 41 19 15 62 396 57 9 21 7.8 79 65 48 19 15 62 583 55 15 16 11 149 58 50 20 16 49 682 57 9 11 9.8 156 52 57 20 18 312 396 49 10 9.9 8.1 76 62 50 20 20 177 443 44 10 8.5 9.3 82 57 48 20 223 838 39 21 12 33 78 52 39 20 192 496 41 28 26 55 65 39 25 215 38 17 26 12 12 42 22 26 178 75 71 22 53 48 14 13 74 25 27 149 80 90 20 80 125 9.6 13 64 25 29 112 69 78 19 58 61 8.1 13 45 30 32 110 72 69 19 67 49 9.1 14 35 40 37 103 91 62 17 58 66 8.1 14 26 30 42 96 93 58 14 49 51 8.6 14 27 70 45 86 100 54 14 35 45 31 15 30 225 38 81 206 83 16 190 45 8.8 20 27 125 34 78 213 71 14 265 78 9.3 17 26 75 34 70 505 68 12 118 56 9.1 16 23 50 33 70 695 51 16 79 44 13 17 18 35 42 58 630 47 36 61 38 14 17 23 35 38 58 308 59 26 82 41 12 26 23 30 31 58 215 56 21 115 36 9.3 22 20 30 141 51 185 46 18 81 33 14 149 23 29 110 51 166 42 25 59 30 23 75 20 26 78 47 146 45 62 54 45 23 30 19 83 56 42 128 48 53 58 34 23 26 19 182 53 38 121 44 38 54 29 19 27 18 141 51 41 106 40 47 64 25 17 26 20 72 45 47 87 37 31 48 22 15 25 22 47 45 44 81 37 25 51 34 14 20 22 48 45 51 75 34 21 51 79 14 18 20 53 110 74 80 31 20 43 42 14 24 18 49 1,450 99 74 29 20 41 53 15 35 18 47 490 125 78 36 16 39 40 15 90 18 43 286 81 69 42 18 36 31 15 52 19 41 204 80 62 35 24 30 25 14 38 18 33 70 61 30 17 42 24 15 37 25 28 53 64 26 16 31 25 12 25 26 62 24 27 26 ?ept. 1913-14. 1914-15. 15 14 23 26 14 13 12 18 14 12 14 11 9.8 8.8 11 9.3 7.2 8.3 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 11 12 11 14 14 18 17 22 20 20 18 18 17 18 20 18 18 16 12 12 13 13 12 12 11 12 14 23 25 17 16 14 15 20 15 14 13 10 SURFACE WATERS OP VEEMON'T. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1915-16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 , 30 31 13 19 16 19 22 17 18 16 23 17 29 18 22 17 21 16 16 17 13 17 13 15 13 16 13 16 14 15 47 22 27 29 20 20 18 18 19 20 20 55 18 39 17 33 16 27 16 25 16 22 16 22 IS 22 17 25 14 28 17 44 20 32 27 27 24 24 25 25 22 18 17 18 14 15 16 18 18 17 23 45 .36 30 27 27 27 27 141 115 97 76 60 44 58 54 51 47 53 159 103 72 57 58 47 38 38 33 33 34 31 27 29 33 52 93 190 116 217 445 650 265 195 197 308 168 136 102 76 56 63 55 48 45 46 44 43 44 44 44 38 33 31 31 30 29 27 45 392 226 190 165 149 133 125 110 90 78 67 62 58 68 68 63 50 35 34 32 34 34 37 36 31 33 36 44 76 152 245 392 430 505 505 286 224 206 217 215 183 178 167 190 217 217 208 215 245 276 255 217 194 187 215 355 297 245 211 180 160 144 141 125 107 102 107 76 71 72 71 60 60 50 48 49 45 73 405 368 195 154 133 127 118 102 83 72 62 57 53 72 104 69 53 56 124 92 69 60 116 144 173 133 93 72 62 78 149 138 118 170 119 99 84 76 75 72 74 121 72 58 Note. — Discharge May 14 to Dee. 31, 1909, determined from special computations by using an approxi- mate rating curve when applicable, but taking account of conditions of regulation and records of precipi- tation. Discharge May 18, 27-30, June 9, Sept. 20-27, Oct. 6, 18, 29, and Nov. 10, 13, 20-28, 1910; Apr. 9, 19, 26, 29,and May 1,2, 19-21, 30, 1911; and Apr. 16, May 29, July 25, 1915, estimated by interpolation and compari- son. Discharge Dec. 12-25, 1909; Jan. 7 to Mar." 15, 1912; Feb. 9-20, 1913; Jan. 11 to Feb. 28, 1914; Dec. 20, 1914, to Jan. 15, 1915; Jan. 30 to Feb. 5, 1915; and Jan. 9-20, Feb. 5-25, and Mar. 2-20, 1916, during which periods stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, ascertained by means of gage heights, discharge meas- urements, and weather records. Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916. [Drainage area, « 47 square miles.I Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Rim-off (depth in Inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. May 14-31. . June July August. . . - Septem1)er . October November . . December- . . March 17-24. April 8-30. . . June August 23-31 . September . . . 1909. 260 284 31 39 71 40 48 32 274 333 325 285 11 94 164 82.2 14.6 11.1 11.5 11.8 19.7 20.0 146 110 99.3 98.6 8.8 25.9 2.88 1.44 .256 .195 .202 207 .346 .361 2.56 1.93 1.74 1.73 .187 .651 1.93 1.61 .30 .22 .23 .24 .39 .40 .76 1.65 2.01 1.93 .06 .61 o57 square miles from May 14, 1909, to August 22, 1910. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIK. 11 Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909- 1916— Continued. Discharge in second-feet. Rim-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Miaimum. Mean. Per square mile. Accu- racy. 1910-11. October . . . . . 51 192 647 203 17 25 43 15 28.0 42.3 219 67.1 23.5 9.5 9.3 18.1 0.596 .900 4.66 1.43 .500 .202 .198 .385 0.69 1.00 5.20 1.65 .56 .23 .23 .43 B November B April B May B June c Julv 48 67 37 5.0 4.0 8.0 B August... . B September B 1911-12. October 184 117 293 25 41 43 62.1 58.7 80.3 O45.0 ?^~~- "W* I--' UJ UJ \ & ^^'^ ■^ ^ \ '5i/^ 5'+- s \ --^^ - — ?> ^^5 < UJ o 5\ . <- 5; \ ^ \ ^\ l\ X \ \ \ % ■^ i \., ^ ^s \ >. nl ^ ^S V < or Xa3J Nl J.H3I3H 33V0 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAHSTAGE BASIN. 79 Extremes of discharge. — 1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.53 feet April 20, 1914 (discharge, 7,250 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.82 feet August 17, 1914 (discharge, 50 second-feet). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods during extremely cold weather. Regulation. — ^The large amount of storage in the pond above the power plant at Cadya Falls, together with.the fluctuations in discharge caused by the operation of the plant, affects the flow of the river at this point. A study of the discharge records indicates that an additional storage of 270,000,000 cubic feet might be needed to insure a continuous flow of 140 second -feet or 0.5 second-foot per square mile at Cadys Falls for 90 per cent of the time during a year of extremely low flow; a storage of 85,000,000 cubic feet would probably insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. Accuracy. — Results good except for periods during which water-stage recorder was not in operation. The rating curve for this station is shown in figure 2. Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during 1909-10 and 1913- 1916. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1909. June 29 D M Wood Feet. 2.48 1.61 2.26 2.40 5.71 3.76 2.06 2.05 1.95 2.54 2.18 «2.25 «2.37 2.56 Sec.-ft. 150 24.1 98 146 1,680 510 107 102 73 251 135 131 180 160 Mar. 20 29 29 30 Apr. 21 21 22 22 May 28 Oct. 10 Dec. 21 1915. Jan. 8 Feb. 10 Apr. 23 July 30 Nov. 20 1916. Feb. 10 W. S. Easterly Feet. 2.73 4.02 4.02 4.10 8.30 7.93 6.06 5.80 2.31 2.06 2.16 3.09 2.36 2.75 3.03 3.26 2.77 Sec.-ft. 320 July 29 29 do do do do do do 904 931 944 1910 R. S. Barnes 4,3.50 Jan. 6 Mar. 27 do do 4,130 2,320 Apr. 19 do G H. Canfleld do C. S. DeGolyer 2,090 175 1913 C H. Pierce... 101 Sept. 4 6 6 C. S. DeGolyer. 127 do do ... C.H.Pierce Oct. 31 G. S. DeGolyer 472 W. S. Easterly R. S. Barnes 151 1914 do 328 Jan. 3 G. F. Adams 460 17 do do 535 Feb. 2 .do R. S. Barnes 25 C.C. Covert 336 a Stage-discharge relation affected bj'^ ice. Note. — Gage heights of measurements made during 1909-10 refer to chain gage at highway bridge. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1913-1916. Day. Sept. Day. Sept. Day. Sept. 1913. 1 1913. 11... 84 92 75 64 73 78 78 80 78 78 1913. 21 60 2 12 . 22.. 87 3 13 23 179 4 105 102 92 73 84 84 97 14 . 24 . . 140 5 15 25 132 6 16 26 110 7 17 27 107 8 18 28 89 9 19 29 89 10 20.. 30 102 31 73175°— wsp 424r— 17- 80 SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1913-1916— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 1913-14. 1914-15. 84 112 92 87 82 89 80 82 123 146 115 94 87 78 60 164 347 217 192 200 235 400 750 500 400 367 279 220 204 147 107 112 126 124 126 135 126 107 112 135 126 132 132 328 317 248 272 217 188 172 175 129 166 172 166 166 172 172 237 164 230 237 220 182 167 188 149 240 234 195 161 167 149 132 110 1,35 140 578 403 298 217 244 248 237 188 161 176 143 135 163 198 191 191 224 204 156 178 188 166 166 166 185 141 408 428 237 204 220 230 204 175 178 214 309 745 450 276 262 211 302 383 428 305 282 185 462 367 294 244 176 220 195 195 211 201 207 161 167 158 161 140 126 149 152 123 99 85 110 135 298 458 493 375 254 178 172 172 147 147 118 112 90 118 121 118 115 121 124 129 132 135 138 138 132 141 139 137 135 135 135 105 121 102 123 143 158 115 129 158 129 129 129 100 75 90 100 115 100 115 100 105 105 100 115 115 115 160 130 175 190 205 121 126 118 135 126 126 254 542 367 254 230 188 182 178 166 150 115 141 387 720 347 251 220 ISS 150 145 140 140 125 120 110 190 175 160 160 170 185 145 135 150 125 100 50 50 65 65 100 90 80 100 115 100 65 100 75 100 100 100 90 100 95 90 90 120 145 130 145 145 130 105 110 195 210 185 190 170 125 135 130 309 4,700 3,600 1,250 820 130 190 330 470 410 345 255 220 190 205 190 205 175 250 145 190 345 470 365 325 313 298 258 207 240 265 672 950 1,000 922 770 628 560 462 428 408 515 290 305 290 265 251 279 220 166 182 204 198 185 198 188 144 166 188 272 416 538 309 220 272 227 ?20 770 920 720 582 484 416 383 475 1.620 1,120 1,030 1, 160 950 870 950 1,060 920 1,590 3,920 6,650 5, 020 2,510 2,020 1,660 1,730 1,800 1, 870 2,260 2,800 2,600 244 294 272 198 336 424 328 672 1,060 1,380 5,620 3,820 1,520 945 745 542 628 502 475 450 403 359 328 302 471 820 695 515 416 379 1,590 1,380 1,420 1,380 1,280 1,520 950 695 770 650 580 535 475 462 395 324 224 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 176 164 140 121 450 493 441 367 309 112 204 367 484 351 290 251 220 220 194 182 188 227 230 248 224 204 194 178 1S3 169 367 290 204 166 150 125 125 145 140 120 100 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 115 115 100 100 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 150 141 147 141 126 124 112 118 129 144 237 135 121 141 156 198 290 204 182 175 144 121 107 115 107 98 112 120 126 190 290 390 250 140 140 160 290 270 240 220 205 175 140 130 130 100 140 130 115 115 107 102 102 123 115 115 137 161 161 123 126 126 126 112 109 147 129 436 1,450 672 347 244 204 144 156 165 170 ISO 190 200 204 204 538 328 220 240 265 290 300 510 300 112 SO 102 75 115 129 102 102 97 78 78 97 143 110 102 158 110 94 82 82 97 188 309 204 182 172 204 169 141 141 138 141 204 651 328 224 188 188 169 169 204 254 198 163 153 118 290 408 371 328 240 194 141 147 144 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 81 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 191 3-19 le—Gontinued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aus;. Sept. 1915-16. 1 135 135 132 141 420 672 383 290 230 178 178 169 160 150 175 169 132 124 163 204 204 204 166 132 135 153 163 153 147 166 172 175 172 175 169 175 188 153 147 178 182 169 166 178 1-50 175 283 220 191 211 560 582 462 347 279 224 217 194 211 272 493 420 272 220 220 191 201 172 156 169 135 129 129 126 150 160 156 153 175 302 347 265 237 211 211 201 646 1,030 672 551 493 462 445 375 309 355 546 582 551 347 272 428 313 294 237 244 359 234 185 211 237 178 182 279 745 720 515 533 945 2,430 1,660 895 770 1,350 972 672 533 462 395 387 351 336 317 302 254 217 244 244 230 224 224 237 230 234 214 211 207 217 480 945 506 391 367 351 347 367 302 294 283 279 279 276 258 254 244 328 237 204 237 272 237 214 172 227 328 220 220 214 332 770 1,150 1,730 2,340 - 2,430 2,950 1,800 1,320 945 870 945 795 845 695 820 1,090 1,060 1,180 1,060 1, 180 1,520 2,180 1,700 1,220 1,090 1,180 1,800 1,760 1,350 1,090 895 770 695 560 416 493 502 618 560 467 437 428 408 383 383 359 317 290 283 283 493 1,590 1,060 695 515 428 408 395 328 272 244 230 244 363 770 475 347 290 672 745 1,000 610 428 450 641 745 672 542 391 309 287 363 412 515 795 574 395 317 276 214 262 240 524 432 317 248 198 207 328 367 276 220 290 347 240 204 244 276 268 204 147 188 175 160 147 141 141 147 172 185 188 175 150 126 115 237 191 150 141 135 132 109 121 138 395 845 445 268 207 1S5 160 141 141 135 129 104 109 129 132 124 126 118 121 132 147 138 135 124 2 141 3 135 4 109 132 6 144 7 141 S 147 9 178 10 . . 115 11 ... 109 12 115 13 112 14 107 15. 204 16 276 17 147 IS 138 19 135 20 144 21 129 22 118 23 129 24 135 25 126 26 118 27 115 28 115 29 144 30 1,000 31 Note. — Discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 13 to Mar. 1, 1914; Jan. 25 to Feb. 23, 1915; Jan. 8-21, Feb. 11-18, Mar. 1-6, 16-21, 1916; discharge ascer- tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, and weather records. Daily discharge Oct. 24-29, 1913; Dec. 29, 1913, to Jan. 12, 1914; Mar. 2-19, May 10-13, 18-27; June 1 to July 21, Dec. 27-28, 1914; Feb. 25-26, Apr. 11-12, 27-28, June 29 to July 2, July 13, 14, 16, 18-20, 26, 27, 29, 31, 1915; Jan. 1-3, 5, Feb. 26-28, Mar. 17-20, 29-30, and May 3-22, 1916, when automatic gage was out of order, estimated from readings by observer and comparisons with records of Winooski River at Montpelier and Missisquoi River near Richford. Monthly discharge of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1913-1916. [Drainage area, 280 square miles.] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square m.ilei Run-off (depth ill inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. 1913-14 October November December January February March April May June July August September The year ..... 750 578 462 205 190 1,000 6,650 1,590 145 390 309 254 60 110 99 75 50 130 383 121 90 102 75 92 188 211 213 124 112 365 1,700 556 104 168 112 143 0.671 .754 .761 .443 .400 1.30 6.07 1.99 .371 .600 .400 .511 6,650 333 1.19 0.77 .84 .88 .51 .42 1.50 6.77 2.29 .41 .69 .46 .57 16.11 82 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT, Monthly discharge of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1913-1916— Contiuued. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. 1914-15. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 1915-16. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 328 745 493 720 4, 70.0 628 5,620 493 290 1,450 551 240 5,620 672 582 1,030 2,430 1,3.50 2,340 2,950 1,590 1,000 367 845 1,000 2,950 107 135 90 110 90 144 198 112 96 109 118 107 169 240 173 212 489 297 838 262 142 285 215 147 90 124 147 126 178 207 172 560 230 214 115 104 107 198 243 289 528 400 430 1,260 473 475 210 183 166 0.604 .857 .618 .757 1.75 1.06 2.99 .936 .507 1.02 .768 .525 1.02 .707 .868 1.03 1.89 1.43 1.54 4.50 1.69 1.70 .750 .654 .593 104 403 1.44 0.70 .96 .71 .87 1.82 1.22 3.34 1.08 .57 1.18 .89 .59 13.93 19.62 .82 A. .97 A. 1.19 A. 2.18 (I. L.M C. 1.78 C. 5. 02 B. 1.95 C. 1.90 A. .86 H. .75 A. .66 B. Days of deficiency in discharge of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during the years eliding Sept. 30, 1914-1916. Discharge in second- feet. Iheoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Days of deficiency in discharge. 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 65 80 100 125 ISO 175 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 7.4 9.1 11.4 14.2 17.0 19.8 22.7 28.4 34.1 39.8 45.5 56.8 68.2 79.6 90.9 114 170 227 341 455 682 909 3 12 62 134 176 205 231 274 289 299 306 319 324 325 332 340 349 357 362 363 364 365 10 53 134 172 214 261 286 303 314 336 346 352 356 359 362 363 363 364 365 20 69 99 126 185 217 239 260 285 303 315 325 336 3.53 361 366 Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at differ- ent rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- power were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. LAKE CHAMPLAIl^ t^RAINAGE BASllT. 83 LAMOILLE RIVER AT JOHNSON, VT. Location. — At the highway bridge in the village of Johnson, on the road from the railroad station to the post office, and about 400 feet above the mouth of Gihon River. Drainage area. — 324 square miles. Records available. — ^July 14, 1910, to December 31, 1913. Gage. — Chain, fastened to handrail of bridge; read twice daily by F. M. Ward. Discharge measurements. — Made from bridge or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel covered with gravel and ledge rock; control for low stages formed by gravel bar about 350 feet below the bridge; at high, stages control is probably below mouth of Gihon River. Extremes of discharge. — 1910-1913: Maximum stage recorded, 16.0 feet at 7 a. m. April 8, 1912 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 11,700 second- feet); minimum stage, 1.8 feet July 6, 13, and 16, 1911 (discharge, 50 second-feet). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Regulation. — Distribution of flow affected by storage in several ponds and lakes above the station. Diurnal fluctuation in flow at this point probably not great. Accuracy.- — Comparisons with records at Cadys Falls from September to December, 1913, indicate that computations based on gage readings twice daily may be con- sidered reliable. Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., during 1909-1913. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1909. June 28 D.M.Wood Feet. 2.51 5.45 3.69 2.38 2.68 2.12 2.09 Sec.-ft. 128 1,640 642 193 226 104 96 1912. Feb. 24 Aug. 29 Oct. 19 1913. Mar. 7 29 Apr. 25 Aug. 20 20 G. H. Canfleld Feet. a 3. 70 2.57 2.69 a 5. 49 6.12 3.35 2.18 2.37 Sec.-ft. 155 T. W. Norcross J. G. Mathers 206 1910. C. S. DeGolyer 238 Mar. 27 C. S. DeGolyer R. S.Barnes Apr. 19 July 14 Aug. 20 1911. do G. M. Brett 235 do G. H. Canfleld 2,190 do G.H. Canfleld 555 98 June 27 do 136 Aug. 5 do a Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1910-1913. Day July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 1910. 1.. 128 126 124 123 115 425 405 310 123 90 119 144 123 151 138 600 GOO 385 227 212 1910. 11 186 174 129 90 109 162 1G7 192 217 242 174 119 123 130 140 119 123 119 109 99 1910. 21 123 153 227 123 109 111 1U9 242 328 129 129 138 123 117 117 115 99 121 123 109 121 119 90 2 12 22 90 3 13. 23 90 4 14 140 258 123 117 90 127 127 24 109 5 15.. 25 99 6 16 . 26. ... 81 7 17 27 109 8 18 28 487 9 19... . 29 310 10 20 30 199 31 84 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1910-1913— CovLiimiedi. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1910-11. 1 199 445 532 292 174 151 227 199 199 212 186 186 151 174 140 140 129 140 129 123 129 119 174 186 310 327 555 532 328 227 212 181 167 151 174 910 510 275 199 181 162 151 129 140 119 115 99 95 140 1,400 650 425 328 532 600 405 292 258 242 199 186 227 212 555 700 1,200 1,140 555 445 365 258 227 292 275 258 292 275 258 258 227 227 199 242 227 242 292 258 227 174 227 212 227 227 227 258 174 242 227 99 103 73 57 62 50 57 90 73 65 73 81 50 73 68 57 81 186 151 129 103 109 90 73 85 119 90 85 90 99 123 140 140 125 120 109 82 73 100 82 100 114 114 114 82 120 110 114 120 109 125 130 120 130 110 120 104 109 120 120 162 135 129 103 99 99 103 103 73 103 92 85 103 95 73 73 78 95 107 103 186 174 115 115 107 78 73 81 81 78 109 95 73 135 140 216 175 186 168 145 145 151 162 140 216 174 162 174 145 140 130 100 145 125 128 130 145 199 213 400 320 186 174 156 109 2 81 3 73 4 81 5 95 6 129 125 129 129 125 119 147 186 169 186 186 227 212 140 151 140 134 147 119 109 81 95 115 103 103 1S6 258 7 8 151 9 121 10 129 119 11 12 140 13 . .. 115 14 115 15 162 16 328 17 212 18 136 19 123 20 115 21 99 22 . .. 109 23 123 24 103 25 158 28 212 27 186 28 186 29 174 199 31 1911-12. 1 328 258 292 227 199 158 258 151 405 310 292 275 750 555 365 405 292 365 445 425 405 405 365 385 292 328 310 258 1,810 965 555 425 425 242 310 365 383 310 328 555 750 1,330 3,650 2,090 1,020 650 800 600 510 405 425 365 3,490 1,810 1,140 750 600 532 510 465 365 880 615 570 425 610 480 625 500 465 490 425 425 490 1,140 725 990 1,640 1,570 1,080 700 2,690 1,640 1,640 1,110 1,200 910 675 465 525 880 3,090 3,820 2,970 1,600 1,260 1,430 910 940 910 615 455 490 405 510 425 345 345 465 385 293 260 227 242 213 162 186 186 212 174 156 ■ 140 151 2 140 3 145 4 162 5... 162 6 242 7 7,500 9,150 3,290 2,230 1,880 2,020 2,120 2,410 3,930 6,280 6,350 3,690 3,450 2,730 2,770 1,810 5,160 2,480 1,640 1,560 1,250 855 880 650 227 8 151 9 130 10... 130 11.. 255 12 285 13 191 14 163 151 470 15 16 17 285 290 18 19 800 20 940 775 21 22. 510 23 328 328 250 24. . 25 26 212 199 180 27 28 29 202 30 350 31 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAIFAGE BASIN. 85 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1910-1913— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1912-13. 1 292 328 258 250 235 186 151 199 205 199 227 244 328 405 284 292 258 258 242 212 157 222 227 6,100 3,730 2,300 2,050 650 625 334 405 405 510 485 405 365 350 365 3,770 1,640 1,300 625 760 445 1,100 1,400 1,110 1,020 825 465 485 740 227 308 385 405 530 435 405 284 365 405 258 1,500 880 700 780 990 655 405 385 405 405 345 375 350 365 430 405 600 830 580 700 480 530 580 365 405 385 425 365 445 405 385 365 1,170 880 750 675 650 775 625 2,730 1,640 1,200 1,880 3,970 2,020 1,540 1,020 980 910 940 1,140 1,050 1,060 990 1,040 830 750 1,350 1,540 775 725 675 580 580 530 555 465 445 405 365 310 328 258 275 292 292 266 292 258 227 206 199 199 199 180 199 199 284 266 227 258 368 328 468 650 328 512 2,200 1,820 970 675 465 465 310 328 292 278 328 365 310 130 130 187 109 120 176 555 328 227 214 151 109 146 163 174 174 244 140 151 146 151 130 151 130 109 151 151 146 130 218 292 186 151 151 151 130 130 151 328 174 130 130 120 151 187 174 140 254 405 328 258 199 174 174 151 151 146 151 140 119 130 151 146 151 151 140 130 130 120 130 135 130 125 140 130 120 130 151 151 146 151 130 119 2 109 3 130 4 130 5 109 6 99 7 235 130 8 109 9 120 10 109 11 115 12 110 13 222 14 90 15 100 16 90 17 100 18 110 19 100 20 90 21 110 22 438 23 244 24 1,700 5,740 6,170 6,400 4,550 2,260 1,610 2,360 187 25 151 26 146 27 135 28 151 29 110 30 109 31 Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1913. 1 130 90 176 151 109 90 99 90 109 99 365 292 227 186 258 227 199 292 258 365 227 310 555 578 532 405 555 650 385 2 3 . .. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day. 1913 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Oct. Nov. Dec. S9 328 140 244 227 227 212 199 202 186 151 174 130 151 205 199 120 174 151 1,060 Day. 1913 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Oct. 455 199 187 212 258 428 802 578 445 328 405 Nov. 555 408 365 328 328 310 227 186 258 328 Dec. Note. — Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 90 and 2,400 second-feet. 86 Monthly dii SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1910- 1913. [Drainage area, 324 square miles.] Discharge in second-feet. Rim-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. .'Accu- racy. 1910. July 14-30 328 425 600 555 1,200 227 186 186 328 90 90 81 119 174 81 50 73 73 154 159 187 233 352 140 88.5 99.4 147 0.475 .491 .577 .719 1.09 .432 .273 . .307 .454 0.32 .57 .64 .83 1.22 .40 .31 .35 .51 B. August B. B. 1910-11. October B. November B. June 6-30 B. July C. August C. September B. 1911-12. October 1,400 1,810 3,650 95 151 242 311 409 844 o400 a 1.50 a 500 2, 800 9.54 693 115 172 294 .960 1.26 2.60 1.23 .463 l.,54 8.64 2.94 2.14 .355 .531 .907 1.11 1.41 3.00 1.42 .50 1.78 9.64 3.39 2.39 .41 .61 1.01 B. B. December B. D. February C. March D. April... 9,150 3,090 3,820 162 400 940 650 425 140 73 100 130 C. May B. Jiuie B. July B. August B. B. The year 9,150 634 1.96 26.67 1912-13. October 6,100 3.770 1.500 1,51 227 258 705 730 540 a 840 0485 n 1,950 1,140 427 253 180 143 136 2.18 2.25 1.67 2. .58 1.50 6.02 3.52 1.32 .781 .556 .441 .420 2.51 2.51 1.92 2.97 1.56 6.94 3.93 1.52 .87 .64 .51 .47 B. B. December B. C. Febiiiary D. March C. April 3,970. 2.200 675 405 199 438 405 180 109 109 119 90 B. May B. June B. JiUy B. August B. September B. The year 630 228 299 466 1.94 .704 .923 1.44 26.35 .81 1.03 .48 1913. October ... 802 1,060 6.50 90 151 227 B. B. December 1-9 B. a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 6, 1912, and Jan. 11 to Mar. 23, 1913; determina- tions of discharge for these periods based on 2 discharge measurements and comparisons with near-by drainage basins. LAMOILLE RIVER AT WEST MILTON, VT. Location. — At the steel highway bridge near West Milton post oflBce, about 4 miles above mouth of river. Drainage area. — 715 square miles. Records available. — March 28 to October 8, 1903. Gage. — Chain on highway bridge; read twice daily by Harry A. Granger. Discharge measurements. — Made from bridge. Channel and control. — Channel straight above and below gage; broken by one bridge pier. Control indefinite and affected by backwater from Lake Champlain. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAIKAGE BASIN. 87 Extremes of stage. — Maximum stage recorded March 28 to October 4, 1903, 12.0 feet, March 28; minimum stage, 4.0 feet, September 25 to October 2, and October 8. Winter flow. — -Observations discontinued during winter. Diversions. — No diversions except from tributaries for municipal use. Regulation. — Distribution of flow at low stages affected by power development above the station. Accuracy. — Records only approximate, as stage-discharge relation was seriously affected by backwater from Lake Champlain. Data insufficient for determina- tion of discharge subsequent to June 11. Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., during 1903. Date. Made by— Gage heiglit. Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 3,480 2,760 795 655 455 395 Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Mar. 28 H. K. Barrows Feet. 12.00 11.55 9.60 8.75 7.93 7.32 May 20 27 June 8 15 15 26 C.H. Pierce Feet. 6.72 6.10 5.45 5.79 5.75 5.72 Sec.-ft. 195 Apr. 6 23 29 C.B.Brownell do.. do E.G. Mui'phy 245 A. D. Butterfleld H. K. Barrows 220 775 May 6 13 C.H. Pierce do H. K. Barrows 763 do 450 Daily gage height, in feet, of Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., for 1903. Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. 1 11.58 11.5 11.4 12.2 11.9 11.55 11.45 11.5 11.45 11.35 11.25 11.1 10.92 10.8 10.65 10.55 10.45 10.32 10.2 10.05 9.85 9.7 9.58 9.45 9.35 9.2 9.05 8.88 8.75 8.7 8.55 8.4 8.25 8.05 8.0 7.92 7.82 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.45 7.35 7.28 7.18 7.1 7.0 6.88 6.8 6.75 6.62 6.55 6.52 6.38 6.32 6.25 6.2 6.18 6.08 5.95 5.88 5.8 6.72 5.68 5.6 5.58 5.5 5.48 5.4 5.4 5.32 5.3 5.28 5.4 5.7 5.95 5.75 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.55 5.52 5.58 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.72 5.72 5.7 5.65 5.6 5.58 5.5 5.5 5.52 5.58 5.55 5.5 5.5 5.45 5.42 5.4 5.55 5.6 5.35 '"h'.h" 5.22 5.35 5.25 5.18 5.15 5.15 5.85 5.8 6.35 5.72 5.6 6.05 5.62 5.45 5.55 6.42 5.92 5.55 5.35 5.3 5.22 5.2 5.15 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.8 5.4 5.18 5.1 5.02 5.0 4.9 4.95 6.7 6.25 5.6 5.25 5.08 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.85 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.75 4.65 4.6 4.58 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.35 4.32 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2 4.0 3 . 4.2 4 4.3 5 4.2 6 4.15 7 4.05 8 4 9 . . .. 10 11 . 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 .... 27 28 12.0 11.85 11.62 11.58 29 30 31 StrllPACE WATERS OE VERMON^T. Monthly discharge of Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt.,for 1903. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. March 28-31 3,420 3,720 2,860 613 3,090 1,820 577 231 237 214 354 June 1-11 221 GREEN RIVER AT GARFIELD, VT. Location. — At site of old dam just above highway bridge at Garfield, about 2 miles above junction of Green River with Lamoille River. Drainage area. — 20 square miles (approximate). Records available. — Januarys, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Gage. — Inclined staff on left bank in pool back of weir; read twice daily by P. M. Trescott. Discharge measurements. — Standard sharp-crested weir of compound section; length of crest at gage height 0.00 is 9.0 feet; at gage height 0.83 foot, 11.17 feet additional length of crest becomes available. Current-meter measurements made by wading about half a mile downstream from weir. Channel and control. — A pool of considerable size is formed in the old mill pond back of the weir; at ordinary stages the velocity of approach to the weir is very small. Some leakage around the weir in the old tailrace on left bank. Extremes ot discharge. — 1915-16: Maximum stage recorded, 3.6 feet at 9 a. m. April 12, 1915 (discharge, 436 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.35 foot at 9 a. m. Februarys, 1915 (discharge, 7.2 second-feet). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice; there is a clear fall below the weir and weir crest is kept clear of ice. Regulation. — An old timber dam about 2 miles upstream affects flow to some extent. The dam leaks by an amount somewhat greater than the low-water flow. During prolonged stage of low water flow, surface of water in pond (103 acres) falls below crest of dam. Subsequent increased flow into pond is retained until water again flows over crest, when the increased flow is apparent at gaging station. Accuracy. — Except for some uncertainty in regard to leakage through old tailrace, results are considered very good for flow below 120 second-feet. At the higher stages the weir is flooded and results somewhat uncertain. Cooperation. — Gage-height records furnished by C. T. Middlebrook, consulting engineer, Albany, N. Y. Discharge measurements of Green River at Garfield, Vt., during 1915-16. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1915. Mar. 15 C. H. Pierce Feet. 0.88 .80 .94 .92 .64 .62 Sec.-ft. 31.0 23.9 28.8 28.7 19.3 19.0 1915. Nov. 196 196 1916. Apr. 4a 4a 46 G. F. Adams Feet. .62 .62 1.76 1.76 1.77 Sec.-ft. 13.6 15 Apr. 22 22 do R. S. Barnes do .....do R. S. Barnes 12.2 July 30 Nov. 19a G. F. Adams 109 .do . .. do 111 .do. 97 a Measurement made about one-half mile below weir. b Measurement made at highway bridge about one-half mile above weir. LAKE CHAMPLAIK DEAIKAGE BASllT. 89 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Green River at Garfield, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1915-16. [P. M. Trescott, observer.] Day. 1915-lG. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 8.3 10 14 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 14 16 13 12 12 19 15 14 12 12 9.6 9.6 10 23 23 22 20 20 25 23 24 25 23 21 18 18 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 18 22 19 21 32 44 97 92 96 77 10 10 10 9.6 7.2 9.6 9.1 9.1 9.6 9.3 12 12 15 14 61 134 105 81 77 70 62 43 34 33 29 24 23 22 20 18 18 18 18 17 16 15 15 15 14 13 13 13 15 25 20 16 18 ar. Apr. May. 68 16 31 53 16 32 43 17 30 34 16 27 32 20 24 34 19 22 28 21 20 24 38 32 25 51 36 21 116 28 21 301 24 22 394 20 18 178 18 19 114 17 20 86 15 20 76 14 18 70 16 18 53 18 20 45 21 19 41 25 15 32 23 13 29 23 13 25 21 15 25 19 17 41 16 20 66 21 17 55 29 19 39 25 19 33 21 21 31 17 17 15 21 152 52 28 192 43 24 160 39 21 103 55 19 77 52 19 66 42 17 56 35 17 56 30 17 53 28 15 53 26 15 56 29 14 88 28 14 103 26 14 128 23 14 95 21 13 109 22 13 170 50 13 229 150 12 165 129 12 105 65 11 111 40 12 138 34 12 192 34 12 184 32 11 155 28 11 119 25 17 94 22 22 81 20 29 65 19 56 51 35 129 51 June. 13 13 13 13 11 11 11 11 10 11 15 17 16 15 15 17 18 17 16 16 15 13 13 12 11 11 10 9.8 9.8 9.6 July. Aug. 11 15 10 19 10 14 10 13 10 12 10 11 9.8 12 23 12 81 13 60 13 29 13 23 13 18 13 15 14 14 14 13 13 43 17 159 15 70 15 35 15 25 15 22 14 19 19 18 17 19 24 18 23 15 21 13 19 26 17 17 16 15 15 18 15 19 14 19 14 19 13 19 13 17 13 15 12 17 13 17 44 17 47 16 54 16 32 16 26 15 23 15 20 13 18 13 17 13 16 13 15 12 14 12 14 12 16 12 15 11 13 11 13 11 11 15 12 15 12 14 12 13 11 23 11 Sept. 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 9.8 9.1 9.1 8.6 8.6 8.3 7.8 12 11 10 9.3 9.8 9.6 9.3 9.3 9.1 9.6 16 Note.— Discbarge computed from weir formula: Q=3.33 LHS'^ with logarithmic extension above gage height 1.90 feet, to which has been added 1.0 second-foot on account of leakage. 90 SUEFACE WATERS OF VEBMOKT. Monthly discharge of Green River at Garfield, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1915-16. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 19 8.0 11.4 134 7.2 22.4 68 13 24.0 394 16 68.8 36 14 22.6 18 9.6 13.1 159 9.8 27.8 24 11 15.4 15 9.8 11.9 37 11 16.4 51 13 19.2 45 13 21.3 97 15 29.8 77 13 25.3 129 11 21.1 229 51 114. 150 19 41.5 79 19 35.6 23 11 15.1 54 11 18.5 16 7.8 9.91 229 7.8 30.5 Accu- racy. 1915. January 3-31 February March April May June July August September 1915-16, October November December January February March April May June July August September The year MISSISQUOI RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT. Locations. — ^First established near highway bridge in Richford, May 22, 1909; relocated at a highway bridge 3 miles downstream from Richford, 3 miles below the mouth of North Branch and 2 miles above the mouth of Trout River, June 26, 1911. Drainage area. — 342 square miles at first site in Richford; 445 square miles at new site 3 miles below Richford. Records available. — May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, and June 26, 1911, to September 30, 1916. Gages. — ^May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, a chain gage Just below the mill of the Sweat-Comings Co. and two staff gages attached to rocks in the river just below the highway bridge in Richford; June 26, 1911, to July 31, 1915, a chain gage on downstream side of highway bridge just below the railroad bridge 3 miles down- stream from Richford; August 1, 1915, to September 30, 1916, water-stage recorder in gage house on left bank about one-fourth mile above the highway bridge. (See PI. XII, A.) Discharge measurements. — Made from highway bridge in Richford, at highway bridge 3 miles below Richford, and by wading. Channel and control. — Channel at Richford rough and covered with ledge rock; control permanent. At highway bridge 3 miles below Richford, channel deep and covered with gravel, boulders, and ledge rock. Control a poorly defined riffle about half a mile below the bridge; at high stages control probably influ- enced by dam at Enosburg Falls. Control for low and medium stages at water- stage recorder station is sharply defined rock outcrop about 100 feet below gage, and for higher stages control is probably at the island just above the railroad bridge. Extremes op discharge. — 1911-1916 (new site): Maximum stage recorded, 16.7 feet at 8.30 a. m. March 26, 1913 (approximate discharge determined from extension of rating curve, 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 4.15 feet by chain gage, July 14, 1911 (discharge, 8 second- feet). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge ascer- tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Regulation. — At low stages considerable daily fluctuation is caused by operation of power plants at Richford. The effect of this regulation is not so marked at the new site 3 miles below Richford as at Richford. U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE XI A. MUNICIPAL DAM. B. ELECTRIC-LIGHT PLANT. LAMOILLE RIVER AT MORRISVILLE, VT. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE XII A. GAGE HOUSE ON MiSSISQUOl RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT., FEBRUARY 12, 1916. B. WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT., FEBRUARY 15, 1916, LOOKING UPSTREAM. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAHSTAGE BASIN". 91 AcctTRACY. — Results from water-stage recorder are good. Comparison of results obtained by reading chain gage twice a day, with results obtained by use of water- stage recorder indicates that the monthly means computed from readings twice daily are fairly good, though the determinations for individual days obtained from these readings may be seriously in error. The discharge corresponding to the readings twice daily and the monthly discharge computed therefrom are given in the following tables. Discharge determined from the chain gage readings twice daily for August and September, 1915, are given for purpose of comparison with ^ the results obtained by the water-stage recorder for the same period. Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., during 1909-1916. D. M. Wood a. do do do .....do do do D.M.Wood T. W. Norerosso. G. M. Brett do (J. H. Canfield. ....do G.H. Canfield. J. G. Mathers. . do C. S. DeGolyer. do C. S. DeGolyer. R. S. Barnes.. - do. G. H. Canfield. C. S. DeGolyer. do do R. S. Barnes. do C. H. Pierce.. G. F. Adams. ....do ....do ....do ....do do R. S. Barnes. R. S. Barnes do do do Hardin Thweatt. Made bv— Gage height. By hook gage at recording gase station. Feet. 2.65 2.25 2.44 4.36 4.28 C5.20 C4.79 C5.69 e4.04 5.81 3.80 By cnain gage. Feet. 7.09 5.36 4.63 4.91 5.22 5.21 6.93 C5.75 8.24 5.25 5.27 5.10 4.74 C6.42 6.65 6. .58 5.94 5.81 C7.34 10.24 7.10 4.63 5.46 d6.63 6.58 6.21 6.17 6.88 4.94 5.00 4.62 4.76 6.78 6.65 C7.90 C7.25 C9.05 C7.00 8.58 6.28 Dis- charge. Scc.-ft. 1, 100 198 "35 77 147 100 254 244 2,300 137 166 188 82 190 835 790 407 360 281 3,860 1,170 50 244 768 760 638 605 487 114 144 46.2 81 957 915 863 544 1,210 182 2,370 644 1 Measurement made at highway bridge 3 miles below Richford. Correction made for additional drain- age area. b Estimated. c Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. d Slush ice in river may have afl'ected stage-discharge relation. Note.— Measurements made during 1909 and 1910 referred to gage at Richford village. Measurements during 1911 and subsequent years referred to gage 3 miles below Richford. 92 SURFACE WATEES OP VEEMOISTT. Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisqiioi River near Richford, Vt.,for 1909-1915. (Original location at Richford village.) May. .Tune. July. August. September. Day. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1909. 565 515 465 415 370 465 465 415 370 370 465 370 285 285 210 210 210 160 120 120 '"'415' 325 285 245 210 175 175 85 160 392 305 285 245 192 192 132 120 120 120 75 66 66 66 40 40 40 30 30 40 30 20 40 50 50 40 175 228 193 108 132 108 85 160 132 210 85 80 66 '""ieo' 145 325 285 192 95 160 50 "'"175" 145 132 95 75 160 '"'145' 50 16 26 26 175 '"'ieo' 620 1.520 1,040 108 2 120 3 160 4 160 5 145 g 228 7 465 370 370 285 370 285 265 8 245 9 175 10 108 \\ 16 12 160 . 285 108 145 75 108 285 160 58 132 108 66 192 13 175 14 245 245 245 285 370 730 210 160 245 175 415 675 620 515 370 285 210 228 210 192 15 175 192 17 85 108 19 175 145 210 175 145 108 175 108 120 95' 175 175 '210 175 192 120 132 285 145 108 145 55 liiO 145 ie' 228 ""'132" 95 66 66 175 160 ""i75" 175 108 565 465 415 325 245 245 26 22 108 66 24 790 730 675 620 565 850 790 675 620 565 620 910 790 675 85 25 145 160 27 192 1,240 29 160 6 210 210 1,520 790 31 730 Day. October. November. December. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1909-10. 1 730 910 675 1,310 1,590 1,170 910 675 415 370 285 325 415 515 515 515 465 ""'376' 675 620 565 465 465 '"'465' 415 370 465 415 415 565 730 1,040 1,590 975 910 850 ""i,"246' 1,240 285 415 465 465 465 415 415 415 675 620 565 415 515 450 370 325 415 370 370 370 1,040 730 730 675 565 515 565 415 850 790 730 565 565 465 465 565 415 395 420 440 392 400 400 410 400 375 350 345 345 330 330 295 280 310 280 230 230 275 270 3,300 3,220 3,140 2,680 3,220 2 3 4 1,240 1,040 790 515 370 370 2,760 5 1,960 6 7 2,360 2,840 2,520 1,740 1,310 1,170 1,100 1,040 325 790 850 790 675 790 975 1,660 1,820 2,440 8 2,600 9 2,280 10 1,520 11 325 325 370 285 325 285 325 325 285 192 245 245 285 245 285 285 285 325 675 565 465 415 370 370 325 285 1,310 12 1,100 13 1,040 14 1,040 15 790 16 730 17 675 18 4i5 465 285 370 325 620 560 19 620 20 675 21 850 22 790 1,450 1,380 910 975 850 730 1,380 1,240 1,740 23 1,820 24 .... 25 515 415 415 2,760 3,460 3,060 2,120 2,040 2,600 2,760 3,220 26 3,700 27 28 _ 1,890 29 370 415 285 2,280 30 2,760 31 2,760 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAINAGE BASIN^. 93 Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 1915 — Continued . ly. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1910. 1 2,600 2,520 1,590 1,450 1,590 1,590 1,960 1,520 1,450 1,590 1,450 1,310 1,170 975 910 1,040 975 1,040 1,170 1,100 gfs 1,310 1,450 2,600 2,200 1,380 1,450 1,590 1,590 1,820 1,450 1,450 1,590 1,310 1,240 1,040 975 975 975 1,170 1,040 1,100 120 910 1,040 1,040 1,520 1,170 1,520 2,600 2,680 1,960 1,380 1,170 1,040 1,450 1,450 1,240 1,170 910 790 620 515 620 850 790 675 620 565 675 1,100 1,240 1,040 790 675 675 1,450 1,040 1,820 2,760 2,440 1,590 1,240 'i,"i76" 1,380 1,240 1,170 1,040 850 790 620 565 515 730 790 620 ""626' 565 730 1,170 1,100 910 "'626' 565 675 850 790 790 790 790 790 675 228 120 175 160 85 85 108 132 192 565 145 145 95 145 175 565 85 26 2 21 3 . . . 16 4 160 245 108 120 120 120 85 145 95 31 21 85 5 . - . . 160 132 790 620 415 370 145 6 730 1,380 1,740 1,740 1,310 1,100 ""975' 975 730 515 415 465 '"465" 370 245 370 415 370 730 1,590 1,740 1,380 1,240 1,040 1,040 910 850 675 ""325' 370 465 415 370 192 325 325 325 210 7 730 8 370 228 175 210 285 245 285 175 175 210 285 175 465 9 370 10 . . 285 11 . . . . 120 192 210 245 132 132 108 132 175 120 85 66 12 13 145 108 50 11 16 120 14 66 15 . ... 11 16 ..... 16 17 11 120 95 95 120 21 108 95 19 50 6 31 11 95 6 31 20 . 75 108 120 95 21 26 22 11 23 43 24 31 850 730 790 1,240 1,380 1,450 790 675 910 1,100 1,310 1,380 245 75 108 145 210 192 75 132 120 95 175 175 145 26 . . 50 50 95 66 58 37 27 245 285 285 370 210 285 228 285 43 "'i26' 75 6 95 95 75 43 50 29 58 30 50 31 Day. October. November. December. Day. October. November. December. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1910. 1 50 675 1,040 565 565 515 850 730 66 '"736" 565 515 565 790 790 565 515 620 1,040 1,170 1,170 1,170 910 850 675 620 675 565 465 620 1,040 1,170 465 370 285 790 325 285 1910. 16 2 17.... 18.... 19.... 20.... 21 ... . 22 23.... 285 285 228 285 228 228 285 245 245 370 6 228 3 4 5 6 370 325 285 465 465 515 ""415 415 465 370 325 465 515 465 465 565 465 465 465 7 1,040 850 790 675 620 565 8 9 24 25.... 26.... 21.... 28.... 29.... 30.... 245 370 790 910 910 975 245 465 285 910 975 975 10 465 515 370 370 370 325 415 415 325 370 325 325 11 12 13 14 15 31.... 730 620 94 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 1915 — Continued. Day. July. August. September. Day. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1911. 1 188 139 124 188 124 110 86 74 '"'74' 15 22 97 35 86 74 35 44 86 28 53 """"86' 74 22 53 53 74 44 44 "'""74' 74 154 124 124 124 97 154 960 534 302 243 188 154 434 388 262 154 ""m" 97 97 800 960 154 302 458 366 366 1911. 16 10 35 224 "'i54' 124 "'"'86' 97 97 97 ""97' """97' 97 124 224 188 :06 3>2 224 154 124 97 97 97 110 124 110 344 243 206 224 188 262 124 124 110 97 ""m" ""224' 302 302 620 344 262 188 154 124 188 154 139 302 482 344 323 344 2 3 4 17 18 19 20 97 110 188 680 302 262 5.. .- 86 86 154 124 110 74 74 74 154 8 97 110 188 ""iio' 74 86 74 53 53 74 188 6 21 64 7 8 22 23 154 154 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 97 97 86 86 97 86 97 97 188 224 '434 388 344 Day. October. November. December. Day. October. November. December. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. .P.M. A.M. P.M. 1911. 1 2 3 482 388 323 388 534 1,380 830 482 388 344 302 262 224 206 124 482 434 323 434 960 1,030 534 710 534 388 344 344 590 "'482' "'388' 434 2,110 1,520 1,800 1911. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 206 188 188 650 1,380 890 590 830 1,100 770 590 482 434 388 388 344 206 188 262 1,310 1,240 "'482' 1,030 1,030 710 590 482 ""344" 890 650 830 1,450 1,660 1,170 960 800 770 740 710 630 650 4,590 2,830 "'eso' 'i,"386' 1,100 890 770 770 1,590 'i,'866' 1,950 1,800 1,800 1,660 4,190 3,870 'i,'666 1 950 4 5 6 7 1,030 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,380 2,030 2,350 4,350 2,910 1,800 1,030 1,100 'i,'956 '2,'756 '2,' 750 1,590 'i,"866 'i.'eeo 8 9 10 434 344 262 302 224 "'iss' 590 890 710 650 590 1,450 1,730 1,380 710 830 710 'i,'666' 1,730 1,240 11 12 13 14 15 "'650' 960 4,510 2,590 2,910 2,350 "i,'736' 2,670 'i,'876 434 . v: LAKE CHAMPLAIlSr DEAINAGE BASIN. 95 Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 1915 — Continued. April. May. June. July. August. September. Day. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1912. 1 1,090 108 18 30 84 63 63 84 63 45 45 54 108 84 84 9 45 "■74" ■""63" 63 45 45 84 45 45 63 134 148 148 96 63 54 63 64 45 """i62" 121 84 3 880 815 685 '"620" 815 '""560' 950 1,380 1,020 "i,"546' 264 193 162 264 3 1,090 815 718 590 660 750 685 620 750 815 560 4,580 3,540 2,730 1,700 2,030 1,620 1,160 950 1,160 950 950 750 620 500 500 420 326 304 284 264 210 162 193 227 227 210 193 4,010 1,160 1,860 ""m 1,090 ""750" '"445" 370 284 ""i62' 246 210 193 4 162 5 1,540 2,460 9,500 11,700 "8"900" 9,700 6,500 3,820 6 ""ns' 560 7 8 9 54 815 500 1,700 1,940 1.160 750 685 10 4,960 500 11 2,200 12 3,450 2,730 121 500 347 284 210 193 264 445 347 264 193 13 950 14 4, 390 5,800 7,600 8,400 '5,'i56" 1,310 880 1,240 3,180 15 63 54 45 38 30 45 38 63 63 45 38 45 45 54 45 """"24" 30 ■"■"84" "■■"45" 16 6,500 8,200 7,300 5,650 4,580 1,310 880 620 2,280 4,200 2,910 17 750 18 . . 950 19 108 84 84 74 63 45 84 84 63 63 54 'i,'786" 1,460 2,46fl 3,180 20 1,620 2,120 'i,"546' 1,380 2,550 1,460 1,860 1,700 "i,"3i6" 21 3,920 7, 500 7, 300 4,680 3,000 2,120 3,630 8,100 2,550 23 1,540 1,240 960 750 530 445 1,380 24 1,090 25 26 38 1,540 27 1,160 815 1,020 4,300 4,770 1,020 '4,'776' 4,300 5,550 472 28 .... 815 590 "'394' 680 29 • 1,620 i,3i6 45 54 45 54 45 815 30 445 1,700 1,780 31 ■ 1 Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1912-13. 1 1,540 1,380 1,020 750 685 1,460 1,310 750 950 2 1,360 3,180 2,820 1,700 1,380 1,860 3 4 815 500 445 472 394 420 445 620 560 500 500 5,550 4,580 620 446 1,940 5 ............ 6 7 445 500 420 420 445 500 8 9 10 11 2,030 1,540 1,240 2,030 3,090 2,550 12 13 14 815 560 500 445 394 347 685 560 445 445 15 16 17 18 1,330 1,160 19 20 lj020 21 472 445 394 '3,' 276" 4,390 1,240 1,380 1,160 7,940 9,810 22 394 347 2,280 4,200 3,360 23 24 6,350 25 880 985 816 750 590 560 9,630 26 11,700 7,820 8,730 6,580 27 9,670 28 2,030 1,540 1,020 815 1,780 1,240 950 f 29 30 31 73175°— wsp 424—17- 96 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 1915 — Continued. Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1913. 1 395 372 350 2 1,020 950 848 685 500 445 3 2,460 1,860 3,360 4 5 292 258 240 225 225 225 6 7 2,730 2,120 1,780 1,380 1,200 1,380 8 . . 9 880 590 420 372 275 258 50 24 54 47 47 77 35 81 41 95 61 77 86 69 750 420 196 196 95 114 114 77 47 10 35 11 61 12 182 196 182 182 182 196 41 13 14 1,270 1,380 1,540 1,420 1,310 1,200 54 15 61 16 210 685 685 372 258 225 47 *t7 18 61 19 292 590 445 310 500 718 61 20 21 1,380 1,160 1,060 950 880 880 . 47 22 240 23 157 135 114 114 182 310 685 24 330 25 182 26 135 27 500 530 2,730 3,500 2,030 28 620 530 445 157 29 95 30 54 31 Day. October. November. December. Day. October. November. December. A.M. P.M. A M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1913. 1 86 54 310 372 240 157 114 114 104 114 95 114 114 146 135 61 86 310 "'i82' 182 114 69 135 135 104 157 86 124 157 395 330 275 258 472 372 292 258 240 146 135 275 240 225 240 ""sio' 275 372 445 310 240 ""182" 157 210 225 258 258 350 420 560 985 815 620 445 1,160 848 1,090 1,160 1,780 2, 280 445 350 1,060 915 782 ' " "590 1,240 985 1,350 1,460 2,160 1913. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 114 104 104 114 124 445 560 350 210 210 590 1,120 1,060 782 590 500 135 86 "'"164' 114 590 445 240 225 950 1,160 848 685 560 500 196 170 210 210 1,500 1,940 950 718 1,160 880 685 530 395 350 350 210 135 196 275 2,160 1,500 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1,270 1.060 815 685 660 275 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 330 LAKE CHAMPLAIISr DEAINAGE BASIN. 97 Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for 1909- 1915 — Continued. Bay. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1914. 1 2,730 1,940 1,780 1,940 2,030 2,120 1,940 1,540 1,160 1,090 880 750 650 472 445 372 350 292 257 257 225 225 225 225 210 170 135 114 135 124 2,370 'i,'946" 1,940 2,120 2,120 1,780 1,380 'i,'626' 815 685 560 472 420 '"sio" 275 257 240 240 225 "'225' 196 157 135 114 114 104 77 135 114 114 104 86 104 95 95 86 77 77 69 77 61 77 95 86 86 86 61 77 104 86 77 77 69 86 104 95 95 114 114 95 95 95 86 86 77 '""ei" 69 61 77 104 95 77 61 61 95 77 77 ....... 86 114 135 170 210 240 182 135 114 350 395 240 146 114 95 86 77 69 61 95 135 114 95 69 47 61 61 47 54 64 61 47 47 146 182 257 ""m 135 135 420 330 196 "'ii4' 86 77 69 61 61 "'nl' 95 77 69 47 69 54 61 69 61 54 61 395 500 445 620 560 500 560 620 652 500 395 275 210 157 182 157 135 135 95 61 47 47 41 35 95 95 135 240 257 210 310 2 95 77 61 61 47 61 95 61 77 77 95 77 61 61 47 35 54 69 77 77 135 95 86 61 54 35 35 30 310 950 77 77 61 77 61 61 ....... 77 95 95 69 61 41 47 54 77 86 95 """95" 77 77 54 47 35 "'560' 685 445 3 2,370 1,700 1,460 1,240 1,090 815 2,910 2,640 2,730 3,270 2,120 1,780 1,380 1,780 2,200 3,000 4,680 8,550 9,050 6,650 4,000 2,640 2,730 2,460 2,820 2,910 3,540 4,280 2,030 "i,'466" 1,240 950 1,020 2,820 2,640 '3^666" 2,120 1,620 1,700 1,940 2,640 '5,'850" 9,750 7,750 5,850 3,450 2,910 2,550 3,000 3,360 4,000 3,540 500 4 560 5 500 6 7 500 620 8 620 9 590 10 445 11 350 12 13 210 14 157 15 157 16 135 17 18 114 19 20 61 21.... 47 22 41 23 35 24 61 25 104 26 27 182 28 275 29 24o 30. ... 196 31 Day. October. November. December. January. February. March. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1914-15. 1 170 146 114 86 69 104 114 104 86 95 86 69 69 86 77 372 848 985 1,200 1,060 848 330 275 225 196 182 225 210 196 210 372 157 146 '"'69' 86 124 114 104 86 77 69 77 69 170 530 330 258 330 330 298 330 530 660 630 472 420 330 258 225 258 298 298 372 330 275 395 "'536' 472 420 372 298 258 782 1,240 1,990 1,540 950 685 445 445 500 560 880 1,020 985 1,620 1,780 1,380 2,460 1,880 1,640 1,480 1,120 930 810 690 635 608 580 500 475 380 340 340 260 300 300 380 475 580 635 870 1,400 2,280 2,080 1,720 1,050 635 425 2,120 2 1,800 3 1,640 4 1,440 5 1,020 6 620 395 445 445 685 1,020 7 780 8 690 9 635 10 ■ ' 580 11 625 12 475 13 14 380 15 298 300 16 300 17 260 18 1,060 1,120 985 590 258 275 "'ioe' 196 210 196 182 258 "'620' 600 395 350 310 350 420 815 620 445 300 19 360 20 21...: 475 22 360 330 350 660 635 23 690 24 1,050 25 1,800 26 2,200 27 2,960 2,370 1,090 880 2,680 28 1,480 29 1,020 685 870 30 525 31 380 98 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for 1909- 1915 — Continued. Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. 1915. 1 340 475 652 525 580 690 930 1,260 1,640 2,370 2,820 4,450 6,400 5,150 4,750 4,170 3,360 1,800 1,120 930 900 750 690 525 690 ""m 690 840 1,120 1,480 1,880 3,450 5, 050 5, .500 5, 150 4,550 3,900 'i,'486" 1,050 990 870 780 780 930 870 810 750 690 690 635 652 635 635 750 608 580 500 425 380 340 475 450 635 580 580 635 525 425 340 635 580 500 425 380 '"870" 780 690 720 652 635 '"'608" 652 720 580 525 475 360 380 475 475 608 608 "'475' 402 425 635 552 "'425' 360 320 300 260 225 192 162 148 135 192 192 192 242 192 162 260 425 425 360 320 260 225 208 192 162 162 148 135 98 87 87 320 280 260 225 66 66 110 95 66 87 102 """66" 87 87 162 990 402 260 208 192 155 122 "'966' 572 380 280 242 148 148 122 380 525 192 148 122 122 98 98 98 46 87 320 380 225 148 225 280 225 208 260 280 148 122 98 87 300 260 208 225 177 177 98 12 177 148 135 87 ""iio" 148 340 "'iis' ""306' 177 192 280 208 """iio" 122 340 208 '"26s' ""148" 110 135 87 87 76 87 87 76 12 12 12 37 110 76 76 20 12 110 2 3 37 4 5 12 6 . .. 162 135 162 192 192 208 "'i77' 192 340 450 380 340 "'260' 225 192 192 177 148 "'m' 98 98 76 66 98 110 690 1,260 "'366' 242 208 162 148 110 475 720 425 340 280 225 192 162 110 148 135 162 662 340 87 7 46 8 75 9 87 10 110 11 12 13 66 70 14 .. 46 15 66 16 17 110 12 12 66 66 225 260 162 110 87 340 690 340 208 98 IS 19 20 .. 21 192 22 225 23 208 24 177 25 1,190 2,120 1,960 1,480 1,190 1,120 1,560 2,280 1,800 1,400 1,330 1,050 26 162 27 525 28 525 29 225 30 177 31 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1915-16. [Automatic gage.] Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 1915. 1 226 176 126 132 115 101 84 64 118 350 98 70 70 70 54 72 49 51 56 62 1915. 11 379 246 148 254 331 226 219 336 296 179 101 88 81 51 58 44 66 51 36 62 1915. 21 136 101 112 398 292 279 246 223 142 139 86 79 2 12 22 262 3 13 23 266 4 14 24 193 5 15 25 132 6 16 26 120 7 17 27 403 8 18 28 700 9 19 29 429 10 20 30. . 274 31 LAKE CHAMPLAIN DRAINAGE BASIN. 99 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1915-16— Coniimied. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. 223 900 1,110 605 3,330 900 7,460 1,270 1,350 605 186 726 935 605 2,730 765 6,230 1,270 900 476 152 700 791 545 2,330 515 5,510 1,190 900 900 155 758 706 515 1,960 408 4,070 1,430 1,350 2,180 545 674 599 545 1,780 408 2,380 1,430 2,100 1,740 1,190 617 545 1,230 1,510 408 1,960 1,110 1,820 1,080 739 551 488 1,470 1,270 408 2,230 970 1,600 772 476 498 434 1,150 1,110 408 2,000 900 1,270 732 341 510 379 830 970 384 2,180 830 1,110 900 250 599 341 668 935 408 1,870 732 1,510 618 230 551 292 575 900 408 1,960 935 1,780 408 226 504 250 488 830 359 2,430 1,040 1,350 515 186 587 230 488 732 313 2,430 810 1,190 408 162 515 212 515 668 292 2,630 700 1,110 635 179 798 193 408 635 292 2,330 575 830 313 168 1,230 193 408 515 292 2,230 527 706 254 145 970 212 384 515 230 2,830 1,270 830 270 158 765 488 336 460 212 4,070 3,850 1,230 354 200 687 935 359 434 212 4,620 4,070 2, 630 313 450 1,390 765 359 384 193 3,630 2,530 1,780 292 569 1,920 545 359 292 193 2,630 1,560 1,350 292 720 1,560 408 1,040 270 193 2,480 1,230 1,000 322 493 1,150 336 1,870 250 193 3,430 1,040 804 413 369 900 336 1,430 250 193 4,070 900 713 557 296 746 336 1,040 313 193 3,330 778 642 359 313 642 1,920 1,040 605 212 2,630 668 700 274 408 648 2,180 1,870 1,230 545 2,100 581 460 246 460 900 1,820 5,060 1,350 1,870 1,740 527 563 434 545 830 1,080 1,390 1,270 900 4,180 2,430 1,110 4,180 5,870 1,510 1,350 504 970 605 772 250 226 1,190 668 2,230 6,950 1,960 212 Aug. 191.5-16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . .. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 179 118 98 112 98 104 96 98 1,110 1.510 713 587 680 557 398 309 250 200 186 109 132 136 126 112 106 112 126 126 101 Note. — Discharge determined from fairly well-defined rating curves. Discharge given for July 29, Aug. 1-19, 31, Sept. 2, Nov. 7, 14, and Dec. 10-31, 1909, represents mean discharge for 24 hours determined from special computations based on knowledge of conditions of flow. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice at various times during the following periods: Jan. 1 to Feb. 28, 1910; Dec. 30, 1911, to Apr. 2, 1912; Dec. 8, 1912, to Mar. 20, 1913; Dec. 14, 1913^ to Apr. 2, 1914: Dec. 13, 1914, to Feb. 28, 1915; Nov. 12-19, Dec. 1, 1915; Dec. 6, 1915, to Apr. 1, 1916. Determination of daily discharge during the winter of 1915-16 by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 100 SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. Monthly discharge of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1909-1916. [Drainage area, o 445 square miles.] Month. 1909. May 22-31 . . June July August September.. 1909-10, October November.. December.. January February... March April May June July August September. The year . . 1910-11, October November.. July August September.. 1911-12. October November.. December.. January February... March AprU May Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on Ac- cur- Per drainage acy. Mean. square mUe. area). 716 2.09 0.62 C. 336 .982 1.10 C. 170 .497 .57 D. 86.4 .253 ,29 D. 236 .690 .77 C. 493 1.44 1.66 C. 640 1.87 2.09 C. 423 1.24 1.43 C. 6 500 1.46 1.68 D. 6 345 1.01 1.05 D. 1,950 5.70 6.57 C. 1,290 3.77 4.21 C. 1,080 3.16 3.64 C. 685 2.00 2.23 C. 126 .368 .42 D. 192 .561 .65 D. 125 .365 .41 D. C. 656 1.92 26.04 497 1.45 1.67 650 1.90 2.12 C. 106 .238 .27 D. 121 .272 .31 D. 301 .676 .75 C. 524 1.18 1.36 G. 1,030 2.31 2.58 B. 1,980 4.45 5.13 B. 6 650 1.46 1.68 D. 6 250 .562 .61 D. 6 750 1.69 1.95 D. 4,320 9.71 10.83 C. 1,490 3.35 3.86 B. Month. 1911-12. June July August September The year.. 1912-13. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year.. 1913-14. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year.. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on Mean. Per square mile. drainage area). 1,310 2.94 3.28 55.0 .124 .14 316 .710 .82 1,090 2.45 2.73 1,140 2.56 34.97 1,040 1,500 2.34 3.37 2.70 3.76 6 900 2.02 2.33 61,250 2.81 3.24 6 560 1.26 1.31 62,910 6.54 7.54 1,600 3.60 4.02 676 1.29 1.49 457 1.03 1.15 225 .506 .58 110 .247 .28 119 .267 .30 941 2.11 28.70 300 .674 .78 485 1.09 1.22 6 550 1.24 1.43 6 225 .506 .58 6 180 .404 .42 61,000 2.25 2.59 3,000 787 6.74 1.77 7.52 2.04 86.6 .195 .22 123 .276 .32 107 .240 .28 273 .613 .68 692 1.33 18.08 Ac- cur- acy. a 342 square miles from May 22, 1909, to June 26, 1911. 6 Estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams in adjacent drainage basins. LAKE CHAMPLAIN DEAIiSTAGE BASIN. 101 Monthly discharge of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916— Continued. Month. October November . December. . January February . . March April May June , July August September . 1914-15. The year. October November . December. . January February . . March April 1915-16. June July August September . The year. Discharge ia second-feet. Maximum. 398 700 1,190 1, 920 2,180 5,060 3,330 6,950 7,460 4,070 2,630 2,180 1,510 7,460 Minimum. 145 498 193 336 250 193 1,350 504 460 212 Mean. 293 606 450 o550 o700 897 1,890 576 213 285 202 138 564 405 849 672 1,130 1,020 916 3,010 1,230 1,170 561 283 O220 951 Per square mile. 0.658 1.36 1.01 1.24 1.57 2.02 4.25 1.29 .479 .640 .454 .310 1.27 .910 1.91 1.51 2.54 2.29 2.06 6.76 2.76 2.63 1.26 .636 .494 2.14 Run-off (depth in Inches on drainage area). 0.76 1.52 1.16 1.43 1.64 2.33 4.74 1.49 .53 .74 .52 .35 17.21 1.05 2.13 1.74 2.93 2.47 2.38 7.54 3.18 2.93 1.45 .73 .55 29.08 Accu- racy. a Estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams in adjacent drainage basins. MISSISQUOI RIVER AT SW ANTON. VT. Location. — At the steel highway bridge on the road from Swanton to St. Albans, about three-eighths mile from East Swanton railway station and 9 miles above mouth of river. Drainage area. — 850 square miles. Records available. — March 30 to September 30, 1903. Gage. — Chain on highway bridge; -read twice daily by O. A. Skeels. Discharge measurements. — ^Made from bridge. Channel and control. — Channel of ledge rock partly covered with sand and alluvium. Control at the dam at Swanton. Extremes of stage. — Maximum stage recorded March 30 to September 30, 1903, 39.0 feet at 7.15 a. m. April 4; minimum stage, 28.0 feet at 5 p. m. September 26. Regulation. — The operation of power plants above the station affected the distri- bution of flow at low stages. Accuracy. — Stage-discharge relation affected by operation of gates at Swanton dam. Data insufficient for determination of daily discharge. Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt., during 1903. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Mar. 30 H. K. Barrows Feet. 35.00 34.90 33.85 33.75 Sec.-ft. 3,240 3,400 1,220 695 May 7 14 28 H. K. Barrows Feet. 33.08 32.05 29.00 Sec.-ft. 410 Apr. 11 22 May 1 A. D. Butterfleld do H. K. Barrows do do 400 270 lOS SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMON"T. Daily gage height, in feet, of Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt.,for 1903. Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1 34.65 34.75 34.60 38.80 37.20 35.95 35.45 36.35 35.70 35.30 35.05 34.80 34.50 34.40 34.25 34.35 34.55 34.35 34.20 34.00 33.90 33.90 33.85 33.85 33.75 33.80 33.70 33.65 33.75 33.75 33.75 33.75 33.75 33.70 " '33." 66" 33.40 33.12 33.22 33.05 33.08 32.62 32.22 31.48 30.78 30.82 30.40 29.92 29.80 29.62 29.42 29.08 29.42 29.35 28.95 28.90 29.02 28.92 28.82 29.30 28.75 28.78 28.95 29.10 29.00 28.88 28.75 28.72 28.38 28.30 28.45 28.62 28.88 29.35 29.92 29.95 29.55 29.22 29.12 29.18 29.30 31. 1,8 33.95 33.48 32.62 31.82 30.62 30.10 29.65 29.85 29.65 29.35 29.48 30.60 31.50 31.45 30.50 29.98 29.60 29.38 29.35 28.98 28.75 28.68 29.05 29.30 29.32 29.05 30.50 30.70 30.40 29.48 29.22 29.58 32.25 34.85 34.70 34.00 33.60 33.50 34.38 33.85 33.60 33.20 32. 78 32.20 31.35 30.92 30.40 30.60 29.95 30.40 32.55 34.02 33.55 33.30 33.08 32.40 31.95 30.48 31.42 34.25 33.85 33.75 33.50 33.00 32.82 32.78 32.65 32.15 31.88 31.55 30.28 2 29.65 3 . 29.32 4 29.45 5. 29.35 6... 28.90 7 28.72 8 . 28.65 9 28.85 10 28.78 1] 28.85 12 28.78 13 28.78 14 28. 90 15 28.80 16 28.75 17 28.72 18 28.60 19 28.45 20 28.35 2i 28.38 22 28.35 23.. 28.30 24 28.25 25 28.18 23 28.10 27 28.40 28 28. 60 29 28.45 30 35. 00 34.05 28.42 31 ST. FRANCIS RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. St. Francis River rises in Lake St. Francis, in the district of Beauce, in the southeastern part of the Province of Quebec, flows south- westward about 100 miles, then turns to the northwest at almost right angles in the district of Sherbrooke, and joins St. Lawrence River in Lake St. Peter. Lake Memphremagog, which crosses the international boundary into Vermont, is tributary to St. Francis River near the bend through Magog River. The principal tribu- taries of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont are Clyde, Barton, and Black rivers. Clyde River rises in a lake region near Island Pond, in the north- eastern part of Vermont, and flows in a general northwesterly direc- tion to Newport, where it enters Lake Memphremagog. The basin is somewhat broken with hills and low mountains. Although its drainage area is smaller than that of some other rivers in Vermont, it affords good opportunities for development. The area contains many natural ponds, and it is possible to create considerable additional storage which should make the flow of this river very uniform. ST. FEANCIS RIVER BASIN. 103 GAGING- STATION RECORDS. CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT. Location. — ^Just below the plant of the Newport Electric Light Co., at West Derby; about a mile above mouth of river. Drainage area. — 150 square miles (measured on post-route map of Vermont, edition of 1915). Records available. — May 25, 1909, to September 30, 1916. Gages. — Chain gage; read twice daily by E. C. Rogers. Barrett & Lawrence water- stage recorder installed September 21, 1915, in gage house on right bank (PI. XIV, A, p. Ill); referred to datum of chain gage. Discharge measurements. — Made by wading near gage or from highway bridge half a mile downstream. Channel and control. — Stream bed rough and irregular; covered with boulders and rock ledge. Fall of river rapid for some distance below the gage. Extremes of discharge. — 1909-1916: High water of March 25-30, 1913, reached maximum stage of 5.8 feet, as determined by engineers of Geological Survey from high-water marks (discharge approximately 6,300 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.60 feet at 5.45 p. m. August 25, 1913, 7.30 p. m. July 30, and 4.50 p. m. August 17, 1914 (discharge, 17 second-feet). Winter plow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge ascer- tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, weather records, and comparison with records obtained in nearby drainage basins. Regulation. — The flow at ordinary stages is very fully controlled by the two dams at West Derby, but the operation of the power plant is such that the fluctuations in stage are not great. The distribution of flow is also affected by several dams above West Derby. Seymour Lake and several smaller ponds in the basin afford a large amount of natural storage but there has been little if any artificial regula- tion at these ponds. A study of the discharge records indicates that an additional storage of 180,000,000 cubic feet might be required to insure a continuous flow of 75 second-feet or 0.5 second-foot per square mile at West Derby for 90 per cent of the time during a year of extremely low flow; a storage of 25,000,000 cubic feet would probably insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. Accuracy. — A comparative study of records obtained by the water-stage recorder and by the chain gage records subsequent to the installation of the recorder indicates that the results obtained by reading the chain gage twice daily are fairly good. Discharge measurevierds of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., during 1909-1916. Date. 1909. May 26 June 30 July 24 Oct. 29 1910. Mar. 25 Apr. 18 20 July 12 Aug. 18 1911. June 24 25 Aug. 3 3 3 Oct. 27 1912. Aug. 26 Made by— M.Wood. ..do ..do ..do T. W. Norcross. ....do..., ....do G.M.Brett do G. H.Canfleld. ....do do C.C. Covert.... do do J. G. Mathers. Gage height. Feet. 2.80 2.06 1.92 2.12 2.95 2.82 2.78 2.01 1.86 2.17 2.13 1.90 1.92 1.88 2.26 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 370 102 74 1&2 479 495 459 114 45.3 125 117 78 82 72 165 134 Date. 1913. Mar. 4 Apr. 1 23 Sept. 9 9 1914. Nov. 19 19 1915. Apr. 25 Sept. 21 22 Nov. 18 Dec. 17 1916. Jan. 14 Feb. 11 Mar. 24 Oct. 4 4 Made by — C.S. DeGolyer. R. S. Barnes... do G. H.Canfleld. do C. S. DeGolyer. do R.S.Barnes. G. F. Adams. do do R. S. Barnes. R. S. Barnes do do Hardin Thweatt . do height. Feet. 2.21 3.85 2.98 1.83 1.87 2.02 2.02 2.74 1.95 1.94 2.27 o2. 12 a 2. 44 2.65 o2. 18 2.53 2.53 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 130 1,380 481 47.4 52 83 81 342 76 80 158 90 178 291 120 254 247 a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 104 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1909. 1 275 267 255 235 228 218 200 185 185 194 176 155 155 164 155 102 115 120 115 102 110 128 128 120 110 102 86 90 80 70 39 44 44 52 39 36 23 33 36 30 23 44 36 30 33 52 49 56 62 49 49 49 44 49 56 56 61 61 61 66 1909. 16 146 170 170 176 176 176 185 176 164 155 128 128 115 102 95 86 86 80 70 80 70 80 74 80 70 61 49 39 44 44 49 26 21 23 49 44 49 49 44 36 36 49 52 52 52 52 52 66 2 17 66 3 IS 56 4 19 56 20 61 6 21 52 7 22 56 S .. . 23 61 9 24 66 10 . . 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 375 364 320 320 311 284 275 66 11 66 12 . . . 80 13 115 14 . . 155 15 200 Day. 1909-10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 235 115 185 80 302 320 928 3.53 470 170 78 284 120 176 80 284 387 980 364 449 167 74 311 115 176 80 259 423 1.090 375 429 155 70 298 115 164 80 255 470 1,040 477 423 140 74 275 115 170 70 239 470 928 477 405 135 74 255 120 146 70 235 477 875 470 387 110 92 243 128 140 70 214 505 875 463 387 112 92 218 135 146 70 150 545 1,090 429 381 110 90 194 128 135 90 100 505 1,320 423 387 100 88 170 140 135 90 100 449 1.260 411 399 100 88 155 140 128 90 90 429 11,130 387 387 100 86 135 135 128 r,. 90 399 a 992 370 387 96 86 128 120 115 i/0 90 ' 381 o859 342 370 96 74 115 120 128 80 80 348 725 316 331 100 72 110 128 115 80 80 311 630 293 311 95 63 95 110 120 70 80 298 545 275 293 88 59 102 128 115 70 80 275 498 255 267 82 54 95 110 120 90 75 267 429 243 239 74 61 95 115 120 100 75 259 387 243 232 74 68 90 110 95 150 75 255 370 239 214 72 63 102 110 110 200 70 275 353 239 204 74 63 102 115 115 298 70 275 353 259 204 74 63 102 128 115 375 70 293 387 267 214 78 59 115 140 110 348 70 370 381 251 197 74 64 120 164 115 331 7: 505 364 267 188 72 52 120 164 110 353 75 630 353 381 182 72 49 135 176 90 348 100 725 353 387 185 70 49 140 185 90 342 200 775 342 498 228 82 46 135 194 90 316 775 326 545 214 72 46 120 194 90 320 775 353 505 185 80 42 120 90 311 775 470 78 42 Sept. 42 39 44 46 46 66 70 68 70 82 82 78 74 74 66 59 59 50 52 49 50 44 44 42 50 44 44 52 50 49 o Discharge interpolated. ST. FEANCIS EIVER BASIN. 105 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916— Conthmed. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1910-11. 1 52 50 56 66 82 90 88 88 86 72 63 63 66 66 63 59 61 59 56 56 56 56 54 54 59 86 88 86 90 86 88 128 120 118 125 115 110 130 146 158 170 135 132 115 110 92 82 90 92 112 115 118 128 176 164 164 170 170 146 140 125 128 95 100 125 128 164 170 176 176 173 167 155 138 125 128 118 112 102 90 82 86 82 80 72 70 80 74 74 74 78 78 120 118 110 100 90 90 100 110 105 125 120 118 158 158 182 185 170 182 185 197 176 176 176 155 164 140 135 130 218 218 78 82 78 80 88 82 95 105 82 155 182 194 100 54 63 57 56 56 55 54 53 52 52 61 70 79 88 97 106 115 115 232 255 251 235 298 200 182 194 182 191 194 185 320 375 429 470 498 399 353 302 255 235 405 423 429 463 491 423 353 348 311 115 128 176 185 311 267 235 218 204 200 170 146 155 128 110 100 100 100 90 90 90 80 75 75 75 60 60 52 56 61 46 52 a 46 39 52 61 66 o62 a 58 "55 52 49 52 a 48 44 36 137 a 38 39 46 a 46 o45 a 45 o44 44 49 69 66 49 56 58 61 a 58 56 52 44 49 a 52 54 a 56 59 72 63 66 52 52 61 63 59 63 61 66 61 61 63 80 120 152 182 204 200 194 194 194 197 207 284 320 405 429 435 477 545 725 928 1,140 1,200 1,090 980 875 825 775 775 775 725 773 875 980 1,200 1,320 235 259 275 284 280 331 675 1,140 1,260 1,200 1,040 928 875 825 928 1,090 1,520 1,910 1,830 1,520 1,260 1,090 1,140 1,320 1,320 1,200 1,040 980 875 775 1,450 1,620 1,600 1.450 1,200 1,040 875 775 725 675 585 405 477 423 411 387 348 311 280 255 239 214 207 207 197 185 185 176 176 164 146 725 675 545 • 505 505 491 449 429 423 423 387 375 370 387 411 442 498 442 442 423 449 429 435 411 429 405 364 331 353 435 585 138 128 138 138 135 128 125 105 100 105 105 135 115 120 128 140 143 143 155 176 165 140 135 128 125 120 115 95 92 90 775 875 875 825 775 725 725 585 545 498 463 423 381 364 331 331 311 280 271 259 251 221 218 197 185 194 176 176 158 146 86 80 56 74 68 78 63 59 59 56 70 66 59 44 56 61 66 78 56 59 66 56 56 52 44 52 64 57 66 72 74 146 135 130 120 112 118 110 102 102 95 100 95 100 88 82 80 76 63 66 61 70 82 74 70 74 74 65 74 80 66 82 86 86 68 59 59 56 44 39 39 32 36 32 30 35 44 68 59 52 49 56 54 54 52 42 60 66 49 52 49 50 49 72 74 78 88 86 78 86 95 100 92 90 130 128 140 130 140 135 125 100 90 100 84 90 78 143 152 167 173 188 185 176 42 2 46 3 42 4 39 5., 39 6 49 7 66 8 54 9 63 10 50 11 49 12 50 13 60 14 50 15 56 16 63 17 62 18 64 19 47 20 62 21 54 22 56 23 56 24 56 25 66 26 63 27 66 28 66 29 90 30 130 31 1911-12. 1 170 2 173 3 164 4 138 5 128 6 118 7 128 8 130 9 128 10 130 11 164 12 164 13 130 14 158 15 138 16 158 17 143 18 164 19 200 20 239 21 275 22 275 23 280 24 298 26 280 26 269 27 239 28 221 29 200 30 214 31 ' a Discharge interpolated. 106 SUEPACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916— Qontm\xed. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 204 214 194 207 197 185 214 188 207 218 185 221 204 182 235 200 176 251 188 188 255 185 267 251 170 280 239 188 320 235 176 342 221 158 348 218 170 326 280 158 370 247 176 370 185 182 342 173 173 326 176 176 316 170 173 302 228 158 280 235 152 259 284 143 243 449 146 239 298 182 251 280 197 243 255 207 251 228 221 235 214 221 221 204 251 214 194 243 197 200 235 197 61 227 123 68 216 121 63 193 126 63 183 K9 67 167 132 59 157 137 63 157 140 57 148 154 36 140 151 63 140 154 57 129 157 63 132 186 63 137 154 59 132 143 68 121 140 82 no 129 91 121 126 91 98 126 91 113 123 110 132 121 132 143 121 180 154 103 208 180 100 248 180 100 248 183 100 240 170 100 244 151 100 257 137 100 248 132 100 265 123 100 261 100 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 132 1,330 303 368 96 116 126 1,200 289 368 91 106 121 1,140 257 362 87 98 105 1,080 248 318 89 132 116 1,140 216 294 87 96 110 1,080 186 270 87 87 105 1,020 173 294 82 89 113 970 201 231 65 74 110 760 219 257 70 76 116 715 193 216 70 89 121 625 204 219 87 89 123 580 180 216 96 70 121 540 160 193 121 70 284 540 157 173 126 67 493 540 148 170 126 74 860 500 154 164 116 63 1,020 500 154 157 126 61 810 500 140 151 116 61 810 500 157 154 105 57 760 500 167 148 110 56 760 486 170 140 113 42 1,020 486 183 132 103 50 1,200 500 183 121 91 57 1,200 444 201 116 89 60 1,330 424 219 113 82 31 1,530 399 231 105 87 45 2,260 380 231 105 78 56 2,660 368 257 96 80 56 2,450 357 318 100 91 67 2,260 324 340 105 100 59 1,530 346 110 50 78 313 1,200 154 89 46 89 346 1,080 148 98 52 89 340 970 148 98 74 103 303 860 154 96 74 105 289 860 148 96 67 113 257 915 143 96 63 121 231 970 143 96 60 132 231 915 132 98 66 118 335 915 121 96 56 121 357 810 116 89 50 116 418 760 113 89 63 105 540 670 96 82 45 100 540 625 100 91 46 100 540 580 82 89 66 105 540 500 91 110 63 113 580 465 89 96 52 113 580 424 89 82 36 126 625 357 89 98 59 151 860 276 82 78 68 140 1,260 275 100 68 41 143 1,910 248 96 70 59 148 2,080 219 96 65 78 140 1,750 362 96 63 59 126 1,330 405 91 56 56 129 1,080 313 89 56 56 137 1,020 244 89 50 42 170 1,020 227 82 49 49 208 970 204 76 52 45 248 1,080 201 91 57 63 265 1,200 190 87 39 57 289 180 50 59 Sept. 1912-13. 197 194 221 259 275 284 284 326 306 280 275 280 285 290 296 300 305 311 376 436 510 586 540 491 450 405 375 346 320 295 267 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 91 96 266 265 260 255 250 245 240 236 230 225 220 215 210 201 148 140 143 140 126 126 151 154 143 140 137 148 137 126 103 105 116 105 106 113 103 100 91 100 90 91- 90 78 90 78 91 87 91 89 74 91 90 78 91 87 87 82 74 89 91 100 78 82 74 106 78 98 80 82 76 89 74 96 68 98 87 100 a. Discharge interpolated. ST. FEAlSrCIS EIVER BASIN". 107 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 82 63 113 87 68 129 78 74 132 78 68 151 80 74 154 78 59 160 76 87 151 70 82 137 63 89 121 36 91 110 61 82 105 67 78 96 63 82 82 m 80 78 57 76 78 70 82 82 78 80 74 80 74 78 80 78 68 87 118 68 96 129 67 96 113 65 96 116 65 89 103 65 82 105 60 78 100 60 76 132 60 70 116 65 70 110 65 68 103 70 67 70 149 110 161 140 108 167 130 118 173 122 122 170 115 120 164 112 122 149 102 122 132 115 115 138 115 108 130 122 105 122 120 102 108 108 102 102 105 102 110 100 110 102 98 120 98 95 130 108 98 132 90 95 132 88 86 140 80 92 158 88 90 164 90 95 182 108 120 182 102 138 179 118 125 170 130 118 155 176 112 140 200 102 140 224 98 161 259 98 155 320 105 364 Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 585 102 435 164 100 232 545 110 442 152 86 243 449 118 387 135 86 218 370 110 364 125 86 188 331 118 342 120 90 170 284 120 311 108 100 164 239 143 298 100 88 155 232 158 311 100 128 135 200 207 293 90 173 128 185 302 280 95 207 135 176 381 275 102 259 135 176 505 271 110 311 140 176 675 267 95 342 146 164 825 255 102 311 164 173 875 232 110 267 138 146 675 218 112 218 140 152 545 214 115 185 135 140 491 194 125 197 125 130 429 197 146 204 125 135 405 194 176 232 130 128 364 182 188 243 138 128 348 185 194 239 128 128 342 182 185 228 115 152 331 182 176 214 118 155 381 170 170 197 125 173 429 158 140 188 146 143 435 185 130 164 149 118 463 176 115 173 140 108 498 176 120 204 138 102 470 176 102 232 135 95 179 232 118 221 645 630 320 218 132 221 725 585 320 218 128 207 775 585 320 210 125 194 725 585 399 221 122 176 630 545 470 224 118 176 585 545 491 221 115 164 545 505 505 228 115 164 498 491 545 243 110 152 449 449 545 263 284 146 423 387 545 267 442 146 429 399 505 271 449 140 435 364 470 263 435 146 442 331 449 239 375 152 463 316 449 200 320 135 463 298 423 185 267 125 449 275 399 185 224 112 505 326 381 179 188 112 585 405 375 170 170 110 775 463 387 158 155 112 875 505 381 164 135 120 875 505 387 170 125 110 825 491 375 170 115 112 825 470 375 170 105 105 875 411 364 176 100 105 875 364 342 173 92 102 875 331 326 164 95 115 875 302 302 152 90 140 775 275 275 140 86 210 775 267 235 135 90 302 675 284 218 135 86 442 320 135 88 Sept. 1914-15. 1915-16. 70 70 70 75 75 90 90 125 125 150 125 100 90 90 90 110 110 125 150 175 200 150 125 100 100 90 85 80 75 75 70 348 375 336 298 251 218 194 207 243 259 80 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 110 120 120 120 128 140 138 158 505 775 775 725 470 442 405 387 336 311 288 271 263 243 228 239 204 221 179 210 152 204 158 218 170 204 185 188 200 164 155 155 135 152 149 155 173 152 200 155 228 161 251 170 271 176 311 188 405 200 645 210 645 463 Note. — Discharge determined from two rating curves fairly well deined for periods covered. Determi- nations based on readings of chain gage twice a day until Sept. 20, 1915. Beginniag Sept. 21, 1915, water- stage recorder used. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 28, 1909. to Jan. 21, 1910; Feb. 8-28, Dec. 18-29, 1910; Jan. 16-27, 1911; Jan. 12 to Feb. 13, 1913; Dec. 24, 1913, to Feb. 25, 1914; Dec. 20, 1914, to Feb. 20, 1915; Dec. 10-24, 1915; Jan. 7-24, Feb. 2-24, 27-29, and Mar. 16-28, 1916. No records obtained Jan. I to Mar, 31, 1912. 108 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Monthly discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1909- 1916. [Drainage area, 150 square miles.] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-ofl (depth in incnes on drainage area). May 25-31 . June July August September. October November . December . January . . . February . . March April May June July August September . 1909-10. The year. October November . December . January . . . February . . March April May June July August September . 1910-11. The year. October November . December . January February . . March April May June July August September. 1911-12. The year. October November. December. . January February . . Marcli April May Juiie July August September . 1912-13. The year. 375 275 128 52 200 311 194 185 375 302 775 1,320 545 470 170 92 82 1,320 90 176 194 311 66 204 1,320 1,600 176 86 86 130 1,600 176 218 498 1,910 725 875 146 188 251 370 449 585 266 2,660 1,330 346 368 126 132 74 2,660 275 95 39 21 44 321 177 85.2 39.6 67.7 2.14 1.18 . 568 .264 .451 90 110 90 70 70 255 326 239 182 70 42 39 159 134 125 a 169 a 131 450 684 364 305 96.8 66.8 56.2 1.06 .893 .833 1.13 .873 3.00 4.56 2.43 2.03 .645 .445 .375 39 228 1.52 50 70 52 46 36 44 194 146 90 44 30 39 69.2 113 «86.6 a 128 49.2 72.8 668 558 126 62.4 51.2 56.9 .461 .753 .577 .853 .328 .485 4.45 3.72 .840 .416 .341 .379 30 170 1.13 82 90 182 235 331 146 61 72 118 130 147 319 ol95 ago 1210 980 451 418 90. 116 187 .867 .980 2.13 1.30 .600 1.40 6.53 3.01 2.79 .601 .773 1.25 1.85 143 176 170 194 126 105 324 140 96 65 31 42 190 262 233 a 334 a 188 799 664 212 195 96.0 70.7 52.9 1.27 1.75 1.55 2.23 1.25 5.33 4.43 1.41 1.30 .640 .471 .353 275 1.83 0.56 1.32 .65 .30 .50 1.22 1.00 .96 1.30 .91 3.50 5.09 2.80 2.26 .74 .51 .42 20.71 .53 .84 .66 98 .34 .56 4.97 4.29 .94 .48 .39 .42 15.40 1.00 1.09 2.46 1.50 .65 1.61 7.29 3.47 3.11 .69 .89 1.40 25.16 1.46 1.95 1.79 2.57 1.30 6.14 4.94 1.63 1.45 .74 .54 .39 24.90 a See note to daily discharge table; determinations of discharge based on observer's notes, weather records, and comparison witli records obtained at gaging stations in near-by drainage basins. ST. FEANCIS RIVER BASHST. 109 Monthly discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909- 1916 — Continued . Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in mches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Accu- racy. 1913-14. October 265 227 186 105 116 289 2,080 1,200 154 110 78 82 36 98 100 78 68 78 231 180 76 39 36 36 126 150 a 126 a 92. 7 90.1 137 764 555 108 78.8 56.1 62.5 0.840 1.00 .840 .618 .607 .913 5.09 3.70 .720 .525 .374 .417 0.97 1.12 .97 .71 .63 1.05 5.68 4.27 .80 .61 .43 .47 B. B. December C. D. February C. B. April B. A. June B. July B. August B. September B. The year 2,080 36 196 1.31 17.71 1914-15. October 96 132 160 200 775 585 875 442 194 342 243 132 36 59 60 70 70 95 102 158 90 86 115 70 74.7 90.4 193.0 ol05 a 185 207 378 249 130 193 148 95.3 .498 .603 .620 .700 1.23 1.38 2.52 1.66 .867 1.29 .987 .635 .57 .67 .71 .81 1.28 1.59 2.81 1.91 .97 1.49 1.14 .71 B. November... . . B. C. January D. C. March A. A. May A. B. July B. B. B. The year 875 36 162 1.08 14.66 1915-16. 149 182 364 545 470 442 875 630 645 271 449 158 86 102 80 135 152 102 423 267 218 135 86 70 • 110 134 6 147 6 259 6 239 6 160 652 420 396 195 177 94.1 .733 .893 .980 1.73 1.59 1.07 4.35 2.80 2.64 1.30 1.18 .627 .85 1.00 1.13 1.99 1.72 1.23 4.85 3.23 2.94 1.50 1.36 .70 A. A. C. January C. D. March C. April B. B. B. July B. B. September B The year 875 70 248 1.65 22.50 a See note to daily discharge table; determinations of discharge based on observer's notes, weather records, and comparison with records obtained at gaging stations in near-by drainage basins. b See note to daily discharge table; determinations of discharge based on gage heights, discharge measure- ments, observer's notes, and weather records. 110 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Daijs of deficiency in discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., during the years ending Sept. 30, 1910-11, and 1913-1916. Discharge in second- feet. Theoretical horsepower per foot of faU. Days of deficiency in discharge. 1909-10 1910-11 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 ISO 200 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 800 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4.0 4.6 5.2 5.7 6.8 7.9 9.1 10.2 11.4 13.6 15.9 18.2 20.4 22.7 25.6 28.4 34.1 39.8 45.5 56.8 68.2 90.9 114 170 227 341 3 14 25 44 128 169 192 216 230 251 274 2S5 297 308 317 319 323 327 328 336 338 347 354 363 365 1 1 7 17 35 46 56 70 78 101 119 146 163 188 221 243 283 304 315 325 338 343 347 359 361 365 1 10 18 31 40 79 99 124 161 189 201 211 221 230 241 266 286 316 339 344 352 359 365 4 6 15 48 77 101 131 170 219 251 279 282 291 297 309 318 324 327 331 339 343 353 362 364 365 1 1 1 4 24 64 99 125 179 226 253 276 293 304 315 325 336 342 353 358 363 365 5 20 41 99 132 162 193 203 229 239 260 280 298 329 349 358 366 Note.— The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that maybe developed at different rates of discharge, and shows the numbsr of days on which the discharge and corresponding horsepower were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. The Connecticut River system drains the eastern part of Ver- mont east of the Green Mountains, from Canada on the north to Massachusetts on the south. Connecticut River is considered as rising in the Connecticut lakes in northern New Hampshire, although the headwaters have their source in the mountains near the inter- national boundary. The river flows in a southerly direction between New Hampshire and Vermont and across Massachusetts and Con- necticut into Long Island Sound . The total area drained is 11,300 square miles, distributed as foUows : Square miles. Province of Quebec 105 New Hampshire 3, 120 Vermont 3, 970 Massachusetts 2, 720 Connecticut 1; 430 The principal tributaries of the Connecticut in Vermont are the Nulhegan, Passumpsic, WeUs, Waits, Ompompanoosuc, White, Gj uJ Q: w s y uj o 2: ^^ ai -" Q o ^ o ^ o < cr UJ > q: m a >■ CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. Ill Ottaqiiechee, Black, Williams, Saxons, and West rivers. Deerfield River enters below the State line but drains an area of 316 square miles in Vermont which includes important storage and power de- velopments. The region east of the Green Mountains differs essentially from that west of the mountains in regard to natural storage, and the Con- necticut River drainage basin in Vermont contains few natural ponds or lakes whereby the run-off may be equalized. Consequently the streams are somewhat flashy and a large percentage of the total run- off goes to waste during the early spring. The utilization of some storage sites has already been undertaken and the feasibihty of others has been investigated. (See PI. XIV, B.) Records of flow of the Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.), have been obtained since 1900. The driest year during the period covered by these records was 1910-11, and the wettest 1901-2, the total flow during these two 5^ears being about in the ratio of 1 to 1.73. GAGIIsTG-STATION RECORDS. CONNECTICUT RIVER AT ORFORD, N. H. (FAIRLEE, VT.). Location. — At covered highway bridge between Fairlee, Vt., and Orford, N. H., about 8 miles below the mouth of Waits River and 22 miles above the mouth of White River. Drainage area. — 3,100 square miles. Records available. — August 6, 1900, to September 30, 1916. Gages. — Chain on upstream side of bridge and inclined staff on left bank 25 feet below bridge. Discharge measurements. — Open- water measurements made from the bridge or from cable 500 feet abo->"e the bridge. Channel and control. — Channel wide and deep with gravelly bottom; control for low stages slightly shifting; at high stages the control is probably at the dam at Wilder. Extremes of discharge.— 1900-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 33.4 feet at noon March 28, 1913 (approximate discharge from extension of rating curve, 57,300 second-feet); minimum discharge for 24 hours, 288 second-feet, September 28, 1908. Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from De- cember to March; records based on gage heights, current-meter measurements, obsei'ver's notes, and weather records. Regulation. — Distribution of flow not seriously affected by the operation of any power plants above the station. Some storage has been developed on reservoirs in the headwaters. Accuracy. — Several rating curves have been used, each fairly well defined for the period covered; results considered good. Precipitation records at St. Johnsbury, Vt., are given for purposes of comparison only, as it is not probable that records at St. Johnsbury indicate fairly the average rainfall in the upper Connecticut basin; the precipitation is probably considerably greater at places of higher altitude than along the river valley. 73175°— wsp 424—17 8 112 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. {Fairlee, Vt.),for the years ending Sept. SO, 1900-1916. [Drainage area, 3,100 square miles.] Month. 1900. August &-31 September 1900-1901 October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 1901-2. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 1902-3. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 1903-4. October November December January February March . .". April May June July August September The year Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. 5,110 2,520 12,600 16, 300 6,900 5,500 2,600 21,300 32,600 16,300 7,600 8,450 6,640 2,110 32, 600 5,220 2,350 30,400 6,000 8,000 43,400 23,200 31,900 17,000 6,770 8,300 6,330 43,400 19,700 10,100 3,560 3,560 4,170 40, 100 22,900 6,780 7,740 4,010 3,470 2,030 40, 100 2,030 2,110 2,800 980 1,220 21,700 22,100 23,600 6,260 2,350 4,780 7.460 Minimum. 950 815 1,880 1,600 4,010 2,400 1,900 1,800 11,000 5,550 2,610 1,280 1,100 1,100 1,100 Mean. 2,270 1,300 4,400 7,560 6,170 2,930 2,220 5,400 23,200 9,030 5,240 3,300 3,690 1,580 6,150 1,340 1,280 1,460 2,700 2,000 9,770 8,600 4,560 4,890 2,520 2,190 2,030 1,280 2,350 3,470 2,580 2,260 2,720 11,500 5,110 1,460 1,100 1,400 1,280 640 640 860 1,050 1,040 650 700 1,160 6,640 6,260 1,400 815 905 1,280 23, 600 650 2,250 1,710 6,600 3,810 2,810 20,500 13,000 10, 600 9,590 4,250 4,390 3,430 6,950 4,420 4,990 2,930 2,840 3,320 24,300 11,100 3,340 3,090 2,310 2,120 1,100 6, 510 1,300 1,480 1,540 785 830 5,240 12, 800 14, 400 3,010 1,420 1,980 3,690 4,050 Per square mile. 0.732 .419 1.42 2.44 1.67 .945 .716 1.74 7.48 2.91 1.69 1.07 1.19 .510 1. .726 .552 2.13 1.23 .906 6.61 4.19 3.42 3.09 1.37 1.42 1.11 2.24 1.43 1.61 .945 .916 1.07 7.84 3.58 1.08 .997 .745 .684 .355 1.78 .419 .477 .497 .253 .268 1.69 4.13 4.65 .971 .458 .639 1.19 1.31 Rim-ofE ^depth in inches on drainage area). 0.71 .47 1.64 2.72 1.92 1.09 .75 2.01 8.34 3.36 1.89 1.23 1.37 .57 26.89 .84 .62 2.46 1.28 1.04 7.62 4.68 3.94 3.45 1.58 1.64 1.24 30.39 1.65 1.80 1.09 1.06 1.11 9.04 3.99 1.24 1.11 .86 .79 .40 24.14 .48 .53 .57 .29 .29 1.95 4.61 6.36 1.08 .53 .74 1.33 17.76 Accu- racy. Precipi- tation in inches at St. Johns- bury, Vt. CONNECTICUT BIVEB BASIN. 113 Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.),for the years ending Sept. 30, 1900-1916 — Continued. Month. 1904-5. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 1905-6. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 1906-7. October November December January February March April May June July August September... The year 1907-8. October November December , January February , March April May June July August September The year Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. 10, 800 3,790 2,110 1,070 760 37, 200 33, 200 13, 000 7,460 17, 600 7,320 10, 400 37,200 3,270 5,200 10,200 27, 100 8,020 6,600 30, 200 27, 600 14, 600 4,010 4,010 3,570 30,200 5,000 4,670 3,070 3,550 1,440 27, 000 32,600 40,600 10,100 9,770 6,230 7,180 40, 600 18, 700 15, 900 26, 500 9,320 18, 000 30,600 36, 700 35,400 11,500 2,310 3,810 36, 700 Minimum. 3,270 1,750 900 700 600 560 7,040 4,120 2,610 1,530 1,460 2,520 560 1,880 2,030 3,070 2,000 2,050 1,500 3,000 7,320 3,270 1,670 1,050 950 950 1,000 1,530 1,500 1,400 980 1,240 7,320 5,320 2,520 2,270 1,050 1,340 3,590 3,480 2,000 2,350 2,320 2,200 6,900 5,200 1,520 Mean. 5,550 2,570 1,210 868 681 7,110 13, 400 8,400 4,180 4,390 3,430 5,410 4,780 2,620 3,050 5,660 7,060 3,030 2,240 11,800 14,200 6,580 2,630 1,790 1,600 5,200 2,760 2,670 1,960 1,960 1,190 3,970 14,400 15, 900 4,690 4,600 2,600 3,010 4,990 8,940 7,810 9,320 4,410 4,830 7,580 12,800 12, 700 4,450 1,530 1,690 627 6,400 Per square mile. 1.79 .829 .390 .280 .220 2.29 4.32 2.71 1.35 1.42 1.11 1.75 1.54 .845 .984 1.83 2.28 .977 .723 3.81 4.58 2.12 .848 .577 .516 .861 .632 .632 .384 1.28 4.65 5.13 1.51 1.48 .839 .971 1.61 2.88 2.52 3.01 1.42 1.56 2.45 4.13 4.10 1.44 .494 .545 .202 2.06 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 2.06 .92 ,45 ,32 .23 2.64 4.82 3.12 1.51 1.64 1.28 1.95 20.94 .97 1.10 2.11 2.63 1.02 .83 4.25 5.28 2.36 .98 .67 .58 1.03 .96 .73 .73 .40 1.48 5.19 5.91 1.68 1.71 .97 1.08 21.87 3.32 2.81 3.47 1.64 1.68 2.82 4.61 4.73 1.61 .57 .63 .23 28.12 Accu- racy. Precipi- tation in inches at St. Johns- bury, Vt. 1.81 1.09 1.63 1.30 1.08 2.10 2.22 2.68 3.36 4.35 4.62 4.79 31. 03 1.60 2.10 2.92 2.10 2.51 1.82 .54 3.71 4.35 3.68 4.71 2.70 32.74 3.13 1.74 2.75 1.58 1.24 2.62 4.60 2.58 3.38 4.46 2.35 8.11 38.54 5.06 2.47 3.90 2.09 3.94 1.97 2.27 3.75 4.78 3.11 5.21 39.23 114 SUEFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. Monthly discharge of Co7inecticut River at Orford, N. H. {Falrlee, Vt.), for the years ending Sept. 30,1900-1916— Contxaued. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Per square mile. Eun-ofl (depth in inches on drainage Aceu- Precipi- tation in racv 'inches at ^^^■'- St. .Tohns- bury, Vt. 1908-9. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year . . . 1909-10 October November December January February March April May June July August September The year . . , 1910-11, October November December January February March April May June July August September The year 1911-12. October November December January February March April May June July August September The year. . . 1,040 2, 7S0 2, 050 6,000 7,320 6,300 49, 700 23,200 7,320 2,400 1,090 5,450 49, 700 6,360 3, 920 4,030 12, 000 4,000 21,500 24, 500 17,600 14, 800 2,520 6,230 3,710 24, 500 3,290 4,150 3,000 4,500 1,600 10, 700 28,900 34, 500 4,340 2.530 4,780 3,900 34,500 6,520 7.050 17,800 7,460 1,600 12, 100 36, 700 20, 900 30, 600 2,080 5,330 11, 600 550 640 698 1,020 2,100 2,320 7, 000 6,770 1,590 930 640 880 747 1,040 1,200 2,690 4,000 3,620 25, 400 14,400 3, 890 1,490 836 1,460 0.241 .335 .387 .868 1.29 1.17 8.19 4.65 1.25 .481 .270 .471 550 5,050 1.63 1,320 1,660 1,020 900 1,400 5,320 6,640 4,960 2,520 1,000 1,110 755 1,060 1,550 1,000 1,600 1,000 1,200 6,520 2,900 1,450 680 770 1,650 /eso 2,350 3,180 4,560 1,600 1,200 1,400 9,800 6,900 2,160 S50 950 1,840 36,700 850 2,360 2, 380 2,070 3,130 2,000 12, 800 14, 500 9,080 6,050 1,630 2,430 1, 740 .761 .768 .668 1.01 .645 4.13 4.68 2.93 1.95 .526 .784 .561 5,020 1.62 2, 010 2,510 1,520 2,520 1,360 2,450 16,800 11,300 2,440 1,180 1,620 2,360 .658 .810 .490 .813 .439 .790 5.42 3.65 .787 .381 .523 .761 4,010 1.29 4,310 4,340 8,250 3, 110 1,420 3,840 21,800 10, 800 9,570 1,390 2,220 4,100 1.39 1.40 2.66 1.00 .458 1.24 7.03 3.48 3.09 .448 .716 1.32 6,250 2.02 0.28 .37 .45 1.00 1.34 1.35 9.14 5.36 1.40 .55 .31 .53 22.08 .77 1.16 .67 4.76 5.22 3.38 2.18 .61 .90 .63 22.02 .76 .90 .56 .94 .46 .91 6.05 4.21 .88 .44 .60 .85 A. A. C. c. c. , c. B. A. A. B. B. A. 1.60 1.56 3.07 1.15 .49 1.43 7.84 4.01 3.45 .52 .8:3 1.47 27.42 CONiSTECTICUT EIVER BASIN". 115 Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. {Fairlee, Vt.),for the years ending Sept. 30, 1900-1916 — Continued. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. Precipi- tation in inches at St. Johns- bury, Vt. Month. Maximiun. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. 1912-13. 8,880 12, 600 8,020 15,500 7,880 56,000 25,200 15, 700 12,800 4,960 2,650 2,850 2,520 3,500 3,290 5,330 3,190 1,420 9,470 3,930 1,870 1,220 595 550 4,010 5,640 5,450 8,740 4,410 18, 900 13,300 6,750 4,340 2,090 1,390 1,130 1.29 1.82 1.76 2.82 1.42 6.10 4.29 2.18 1.40 .674 .448 .365 1.49 2.03 2.03 3.25 1.48 7.03 4.79 2.51 1.56 .78 .52 .41 A. A. B. B. C. C. B. A. A. A. B. B. 2.15 November 2.78 2.97 January . . : 3.25 1..S2 Mareli 6.76 1.63 May 3.. 36 1.40 July 7.56 1.44 September 1.45 The year 56,000 550 6,370 2.05 27.88 30.07 1913-14. October . 8,600 7,040 6,900 1,950 2,030 11,800 44,300 24,200 4,840 3,050 2,560 2,650 930 , 2, 850 1,500 1,100 880 1,100 6,500 3,490 1,500 1,100 930 980 3,130 4,170 3,680 1,390 1,250 4,580 18,300 11,300 2,360 1,940 1,410 1,550 1.01 1.35 1.19 .448 .403 1.48 5.90 3.65 .761 .626 .455 .500 1.16 1.51 1.37 .52 .42 1.71 6.58 4.21 .85 .72 .52 .56 A. A. A. B. B. C. C. A. A. A. B. B. 5.94 1.25 December . 2.78 January 1.80 February. 2.00 March 2.59 4.47 May .50 June. . . 3.09 July 4.87 August . 4.98 September 2.41 The year 44,300 880 4,600 1.48 20.13 36.68 1914-15. 3,600 4,960 6,630 5,580 33, 700 18,200 23,800 12,000 5,200 21,900 9,770 5,840 1,040 1,500 880 730 730 2,110 2,030 2,470 1,360 2,470 2,650 1,360 1,910 3, 230 2,500 2,160 4,910 5,560 9,250 5,110 2,400 7,000 4,950 2,540 .616 1.04 .806 .697 1.58 1.79 2.98 1.65 .774 2.26 1.60 .819 .71 1.16 .93 .80 1.64 2.06 3.32 1.90 .86 2.61 1.84 .91 C. B. B. B. B. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. .89 November. . 2.22 1.24 January 1.98 3.47 March .30 1.98 May 2.01 June 2.79 July 6.38 4.67 September 3.22 The year 33. 700 730 4,290 1.38 18. 74 31.15 1915-16. October 4,260 5,580 11,600 13, 200 12, 000 18,500 31, 700 19,300 13, 700 10, 700 13,000 3,450 1,870 3,490 2,560 1,950 2,470 2,030 9,470 5,080 4,840 2, .380 1,500 1,280 3,000 4,510 4, 450 4,420 5,190 3,540 17,200 9, 550 8,640 5,190 3,330 2,100 .968 1.45 1.44 1.43 1.67 1.14 5.55 3.08 2.79 1.67 1.07 .677 1.12 1.62 1.66 1.65 1.80 1.31 6.19 3.55 3.11 1.92 1.23 .76 A. A. B. B. B. B. B. A. A. A. A. A. 1.48 November 1.79 December ... 3.0.S January 1.93 February 2.59 March 1..52 April 1.68 May 3.48 June 4.36 July 2.02 August 4.62 September 5.55 The year 31, 700 1,280 5,910 1.91 25.92 34.05 Note. — Discharge determined from a V7ell-defined rating curve, the low- water part of which has varied somewhat at different periods on account of change.s in control section. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice: Dec. 30, 1900, to Mar. 24, 1901; Dec. 4-11, 1901; Dec. 24, 1901, to Feb. 26, 1902; Dec. 5, 1902, to Feb. 28, 1903; Dec. 15, 1903, to Mar. 28, 1904; Nov. 17, 1904, to Mar. 25, 1905; Nov. 30 to Dec. 5, 1905; Jan. 2-23 and Feb. 3 to Apr. 15, 1906; Dec. 12, 1906, to Mar. 30, 1907; Dec. 1-10, 1907; Jan. 4 to Mar. 27, 1908; Dec. 16, 1908, to Apr. 2, 1909; Dec. 15, 1909, to Mar. 1, 1910; Dec. 6, 1910, to Mar. 28, 1911; Dec. 31, 1911, to Apr. 7, 1912; Feb. 23 to Mar. 15, 1913; Dec. 21, 1913, to Apr. 4, 1914; Dec. 14, 1914, to Feb. 25, 1915; and Dec. 9, 1915, to Apr. 4, 1916. Discharge for these periods determined from gage heights, discliarge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 116 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Days of deficiency in discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.), during the years ending Sept. 30, 1901-1916. Dis- charge in second- feet. Theo- retical horse- power per foot of fall. Days of deficiency in discharge. 1900- 1901 1901-2 1902-3 1903-4 1904-5 1905-6 1906-7 1907-8 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 6.000 7; 000 8,000 9,000 10, 000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30, 000 35, 000 40,000 45, 000 50,000 60,000 56.8 114 170 227 284 341 398 455 512 568 682 796 909 1,020 1,140 1,700 2,270 2,840 3,410 3,980 4,550 5,120 5,680 6,820 4 34 61 86 126 144 159 175 191 199 221 243 258 271 285 334 352 359 361 365 366 17 40 69 104 183 233 250 268 277 298 306 309 313 313 331 346 350 356 361 364 365 72 158 233 252 259 265 273 280 284 293 302 309 317 329 345 361 366 85 104 121 141 171 202 220 241 251 273 289 304 307 317 352 357 359 359 362 365 2 35 71 131 178 213 233 260 267 278 289 295 305 313 341 350 359 364 365 1 80 135 164 197 215 236 268 276 291 298 304 319 324 340 350 354 356 361 364 365 19 55 100 144 166 180 210 216 255 280 291 •301 310 330 341 355 361 365 18 47 88 121 140 163 177 206 235 254 263 272 283 318 348 355 360 362 364 365 Dis- charge in second- feet. Theo- retical horse- power per foot of fall. Days of deficiency in discharge. 1908-9 1909-10 1910-11 1911-12 1912^13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25, 000 30,000 35, 000 40,000 45, 000 50,000 60,000 56.8 114 170 227 284 341 398 455 512 568 682 796 909 1,020 1,140 1,700 2,270 2,840 3,410 3,980 4,550 6,120 5,680 6,820 94 158 192 209 228 253 268 277 283 295 304 307 311 313 328 343 353 356 357 360 362 365 12 75 132 188 207 218 233 239 243 256 276 289 303 314 334 353 365 15 110 179 236 270 287 304 308 312 314 319 322 324 326 338 350 357 360 365 2 58 99 103 146 159 186 206 216 245 267 278 285 302 332 344 352 359 363 366 30 47 74 96 114 134 168 194 209 238 271 284 293 308 339 348 352 359 360 362 362 364 365 22 83 166 197 217 248 256 268 282 295 310 316 318 320 336 354 360 361 362 362 365 26 57 102 137 171 210 236 259 277 298 319 324 334 338 354 358 363 363 365 4" 33 77 120 150 180 205 227 251 270 281 293 303 345 357 362 365 366 eoififECTTCUT EIVeE BASIN. 117 PASSUMPSIC RIVER AT PIERCE'S MILLS, NEAR ST. JOHNSBURY, VT. Location. — At suspension footbridge just below Pierce's Mills, about 2 miles below mouth of Sheldon Branch, 4 miles above mouth of Moose River, and 5 miles from St. Johnsbury. Drainage area.^ — 237 square miles. Records available. — May 26, 1909, to September 30, 1916. Gage. — Staff, in two sections; low-water section a vertical staff bolted to ledge just above bridge; high- water section an inclined staff bolted to ledge below bridge. Discharge measurements.— Made from footbridge or by wading below the bridge. Channel and control. — Channel composed of ledge rock partly covered with gravel and alluvium. At high stages the control is probably at the dam near Centervale. Extremes of discharge. — 1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 14.8 feet during the night of March 27-28, 1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge not computed); minimum stage, zero flow at various times due to water being held back by mills. Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from gage heights, corrected for backwater by means of current-meter measure- ments, observer's notes, and records of temperature and precipitation. Regulation. — A study of the discharge records indicates that a storage of 455,000,000 cubic feet might be required to insure a continuous flow of 0.5 second-foot per square mile at Pierce's Mills for 90 per cent of the time during a year of extremely low flow; a storage of 15,000,000 cubic feet would probably insure this rate of flow for 90 per cent of the time during the average year. There is a small diurnal fluctuation caused by the operation of Pierce's Mills, just above station, and by other mills farther upstream. (See Accuracy.) Accuracy. — ^A fairly well-defined rating curve has been developed, but individual discharge measurements frequently show a large percentage of error due to fluc- tuation in stage during the measurement. The effect of the diurnal fluctuation was studied by means of temporary installation of a water-stage recorder during August and September, 1914. Although the results obtained by means of gage heights read twice a day were found to be occasionally in error for individual days, the mean discharge for the period August 16 to September 11, as deter- mined from such gage heights and that determined from hourly gage heights from water-stage recorder, were found to be identical. Discharge measurements of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, during 1909-1916. Vt. Date. May 26 June 29 29 July 27 Oct. 27 1910. Mar. 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 28 Apr. 20 July 13 1911. June 23 Aug. 1 1912. Feb. 23 Aug. 24 Made by- D. M. Wood. do , .do .do .do T. "W. Norcross do... do... do... do... do... do... do... do... G. M. Brett G. H. Canfleld. do G. H. Canfield. J. G. Mathers.. height. Feet. 2.50 L68 1.45 1.29 L64 5.16 5.62 5.46 5.36 5.31 6.16 5.05 3.71 3.05 1.31 1.60 1.42 a 2. 73 1.75 Dis- Sec.-ft. 359 172 118 69 164 1,580 1,790 1,680 1,610 1,620 1,520 1,480 938 624 77 164 119 196 177 Date. 1912. Aug. 24 Oct. 17 1913. Mar. 5 31 Apr. 24 Sept. 10 10 1914. May 27 Aug. 16 Sept. 12 1915. Apr. 26 Dec. 16 1916. Feb. 9 Made by- J. G. Mathers.. C. S. DeGolyer. C. S. DeGolyer. R. S. Barnes... do G.H. Canfield. do C. S. DeGolyer. C.C. Covert.... R. S. Barnes... R. S. Barnes. do R. S. Barnes. height. Feet. 1.69 1.90 a 2. 09 5.33 2.90 1.30 1.16 1.98 .98 L45 4.34 1.79 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 162 219 147 1,650 570 261 40. 145 1,140 213 326 a Stage-discharge relation aEected by ice. 118 SURFACE WATEES OF VEEMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1909-1916. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1909. 1 372 238 306 290 290 537 372 306 275 260 230 230 216 426 290 149 149 162 260 202 175 162 149 124 124 145 200 100 90 100 110 93 91 91 89 102 96 74 78 89 96 80 78 114 76 122 180 124 102 98 194 136 119 98 89 100 107 110 98 87 1909. 16 230 202 558 408 275 245 216 202 175 175 202 149 162 1G2 162 80 80 80 180 140 120 100 80 80 80 90 96 87 87 105 165 78 89 82 98 124 372 159 119 107 96 89 154 122 91 102 96 100 2 17 98 3 18 96 4 19 78 5 20 87 6 21 89 7 22 91 8 23 87 9 24 89 10 25 134 11 26 426 390 462 700 518 426 100 12 . . 27 152 13 28 556 14. . 29 777 15 30 322 31 Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1909-10. 1 230 197 397 266 191 175 154 139 124 122 129 119 126 119 129 124 165 199 175 144 159 239 260 197 186 172 149 165 165 149 139 149 149 162 167 178 159 144 154 202 178 152 162 154 149 149 154 144 180 159 152 149 180 245 224 213 362 238 197 316 230 219 180 186 178 149 172 172 170 152 144 154 144 162 172 180 178 162 144 139 149 146 124 139 139 149 136 136 149 136 136 136 120 120 120 110 100 100 80 80 70 70 70 60 60 60 60 70 70 100 150 200 180 1,960 2,540 1,560 1,290 1,080 864 780 697 616 616 577 616 596 'i,"966 2,320 2,100 1.470 1,210 992 906 1,430 1,560 992 697 656 656 463 463 390 372 322 306 322 338 463 390 519 738 1,600 1,650 992 992 1,560 2,000 1,960 2,000 1,600 1,290 1,080 1,250 1,470 1,960 1,510 1,120 1,120 906 738 616 577 558 577 500 519 656 616 596 558 906 618 500 558 1,210 738 558 78n 780 577 558 519 992 738 558 500 463 656 538 426 372 355 355 372 322 290 618 482 408 390 355 322 500 3,080 1,290 1,040 697 538 596 906 697 596 538 444 656 697 616 577 444 444 444 463 355 290 290 290 463 500 322 290 227 338 254 216 224 178 500 355 23a 216 178 126 248 216 227 144 154 159 134 197 139 134 144 136 1*26 105 91 98 100 100 162 233 186 159 114 119 ISO 172 139 162 134 119 144 208 306 208 208 170 134 124 165 199 144 124 197 444 205 146 227 197 139 126 110 114 119 114 105 96 112 91 80 96 2 100 3 4.. ' 5 6 82 154 139 290 7 355 8 208 9 154 154 11 136 12 114 13 110 14 134 15 122 16 122 17 91 18 78 19 105 98 21 98 22 91 23 96 24 91 25 . . 91 26 124 27 105 28 949 29 338 30 199 31 CONKECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 119 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 — Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1910-11. 1 172 306 245 180 172 175 159 152 129 139 134 126 119 124 124 12C 134 122 114 124 110 119 159 172 154 245 245 355 322 233 205 264 246 200 307 580 420 307 243 223 200 186 184 173 161 151 156 141 173 738 420 292 276 472 507 338 292 270 270 243 240 234 186 170 355 355 390 355 275 242 216 162 180 180 180 197 175 172 170 165 162 136 149 154 152 162 172 170 126 162 149 162 175 152 146 152 162 144 500 400 >200 300 300 550 1,560 1,820 1,380 1,080 906 1,210 1,470 1,920 2,460 2,100 1,290 992 1,040 1,340 1,290 1,290 1,040 1,210 1,870 2,050 2,230 2,410 2,500 2,360 1,430 863 651 550 384 1,040 2,360 3,800 1,470 1,040 992 1,120 1,160 1,210 1,740 3,940 3,620 2,280 2,180 1,740 1,470 1,560 3,130 1,870 1,380 1,340 1,470 1,290 949 820 2,280 2,500 1,560 1,040 864 822 780 780 738 657 580 543 472 437 403 437 386 354 370 338 307 276 243 249 292 370 292 246 232 189 168 777 735 651 610 550 735 777 610 570 550 512 456 531 1,160 693 531 1,040 906 590 493 1,380 906 820 651 693 512 456 384 384 2,410 2,500 307 322 232 200 176 168 161 153 149 139 153 249 270 220 246 354 370 249 189 184 240 184 166 151 141 128 112 130 137 130 2,180 1,164 1,290 1,040 1,120 777 092 693 570 493 570 456 531 456 384 420 493 384 315 282 282 250 223 209 182 282 223 187 171 144 116 116 114 99 108 106 106 116 79 112 108 87 75 83 95 166 91 130 139 116 139 130 116 99 307 151 116 114 338 322 179 141 136 129 117 131 139 141 106 108 103 100 100 96 117 122 117 103 85 90 106 85 203 156 106 92 85 81 72 106 119 111 134 128 121 112 108 85 99 99 99 97 75 95 79 97 85 149 144 125 525 232 106 134 116 114 91 103 97 118 599 217 168 111 92 176 247 161 136 139 111 106 99 146 192 174 115 115 108 90 68 111 96 96 90 81 166 298 282 315 195 146 139 115 139 2 128 3 ... 161 4 151 5 128 292 6 7 338 8 .. . 186 9 166 10 206 11 168 12 158 13 179 14 134 15 141 16 338 17 200 18 173 19 141 20 .... 137 21 130 22 217 203 23 24 151 25 184 26 420 27 ... . 150 600 900 900 600 240 28 240 29 914 30 3.'58 31 1911-12. 1 307 270 229 217 211 195 292 370 292 249 270 258 580 354 322 307 229 354 490 354 307 307 252 307 270 246 276 270 864 543 420 338 307 255 270 276 270 270 270 338 403 738 1,820 992 657 543 490 472 354 276 386 354 2,000 1, 250 822 562 543 507 307 507 472 129 2 141 3 136 4 139 5 122 1.54 7 146 8 203 9 1.36 10 127 11 550 12 550 13 203 14 129 15 141 16 531 17 235 18 169 19 820 20 949 2] 777 22 420 23 196 298 24 282 25 238 26 198 27 171 28 166 29 195 30 550 31 120 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.jfor the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 — Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1912-13. 1 315 315 244 220 209 192 182 192 104 187 182 195 531 315 266 266 238 214 203 250 214 192 203 1,340 777 570 456 366 315 298 260 111 85 122 130 97 97 87 93 89 89 101 126 202 152 141 126 113 97 105 186 790 320 202 176 230 530 500 360 305 340 320 250 438 298 .2.50 247 244 282 1,820 906 590 474 420 402 735 735 531 420 366 366 384 366 384 384 349 349 349 315 282 226 298 216 216 189 189 202 176 152 152 164 230 230 189 152 176 152 130 130 141 152 670 420 275 230 230 230 202 164 141 176 176 266 298 1,080 570 456 610 693 438 282 384 366 298 250 244 250 266 266 244 512 693 349 315 384 315 349 349 315 300 282 280 651 189 202 230 290 230 202 164 530 260 290 260 260 202 202 189 176 202 189 176 152 152 152 189 152 164 176 152 152 152 152 152 2,480 1,170 910 1,410 2,360 1,660 1,000 790 • 710 670 710 750 790 750 910 910 830 670 910 830 640 600 660 600 600 600 560 500 460 405 420 670 420 290 305 230 216 320 1,820 870 670 1,040 750 600 640 870 710 1,080 2,240 4,640 4,320 1,880 1,460 1,170 1,460 1,510 1,.560 1,880 2,420 2,000 360 360 340 290 290 290 275 245 230 230 230 216 202 230 202 202 305 230 320 290 230 320 790 750 460 360 290 320 1,460 750 500 1,410 1,120 1,310 1,460 1,710 1,510 1, 260 1,000 950 830 710 600 530 530 500 420 390 360 340 320 305 305 305 360 290 260 230 245 202 170 202 405 375 320 290 260 230 275 390 290 230 202 176 176 176 164 176 405 260 202 176 176 152 141 130 130 120 460 360 189 152 189 176 152 230 390 260 189 176 164 152 141 130 126 111 126 117 141 130 122 189 176 141 122 109 176 128 111 101 141 202 141 120 126 117 120 126 202 141 120 152 290 164 164 152 141 141 113 111 230 164 130 117 101 117 176 141 101 360 420 219 174 230 275 275 202 152 176 152 189 290 176 152 176 141 105 111 97 87 89 107 101 87 85 48 55 55 55 91 78 85 93 111 141 152 130 130 141 130 113 93 99 93 113 97 97 99 101 87 85 89 71 75 75 63 75 71 85 78 89 126 105 120 80 80 55 130 141 113 107 107 320 152 105 115 126 89 78 68 58 93 90 86 83 86 139 102 84 65 63 53 54 94 138 181 89 2 80 3 . . . 80 4 86 171 6 58 7 55 8 49 9 22 10 49 11 69 12 54 13 44 14 47 85 16 71 17 80 IS 73 19 68 20 55 47 22 82 23 360 24 152 25 105 26 89 27 85 28 3,280 1,260 1,170 1,560 69 29 80 87 31 1913-14. 1 128 2 125 3 123 4 121 106 6 88 7 179 8 186 9 149 10 146 11 122 12 105 13 101 14 97 15 89 16 85 17 80 18 58 19 71 20 13 21 78 22 80 23 58 24 85 25 130 26 152 27 640 830 1,080 830 130 28 230 29 164 30 152 31 600 CONNECTICUT RIVEK BASIN". 121 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.jfor the years ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 — Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1914-15. 1 141 130 111 97 91 97 97 93 91 71 68 97 82 80 82 78 78 202 152 141 141 130 113 97 105 101 111 97 99 101 82 189 202 260 202 260 500 290 230 230 202 189 176 176 176 245 216 176 176 202 460 305 290 230 202 202 189 230 216 202 216 260 69 111 128 120 126 126 122 97 122 128 109 73 105 117 97 260 340 152 202 141 130 141 189 164 141 141 202 202 176 152 164 260 405 305 164 189 176 141 130 111 113 130 89 105 750 600 630 420 405 390 340 340 305 290 260 245 245 230 230 189 176 176 202 202 176 164 189 290 340 630 260 260 152 189 176 670 600 560 460 460 390 360 290 290 290 290 320 290 290 230 202 176 152 176 152 130 130 130 130 130 152 260 600 1,760 2,660 3,140 189 230 230 202 290 340 245 460 710 870 1,820 4,000 1,360 910 750 670 670 600 560 530 460 390 375 360 1,000 1,000 750 530 600 530 2,360 2,360 1,220 950 750 710 790 750 710 600 710 910 830 1,000 790 910 1,170 2,060 1,760 1,080 670 1,220 2,240 1,510 1,310 1,170 950 910 830 830 600 600 500 420 390 340 305 630 500 405 340 290 275 260 230 216 216 260 230 260 216 230 216 189 176 202 460 275 216 189 176 830 750 670 1,000 670 600 530 600 600 460 500 420 376 340 320 420 1,220 2,480 1,170 790 600 530 600 460 420 390 360 320 340 500 870 164 152 152 130 122 101 113 113 120 117 120 820 176 152 128 152 405 530 260 376 260 176 152 130 141 162 118 108 105 93 530 390 320 1,310 910 750 660 460 420 600 910 670 530 670 460 390 460 460 460 1,000 600 460 375 320 306 860 275 640 420 500 107 164 141 141 189 202 130 320 2,540 750 405 260 216 176 176 152 670 910 406 360 260 230 560 275 202 245 1,310 460 1,660 830 500 320 275 830 750 640 405 320 710 500 340 420 360 500 320 246 230 290 260 230 202 176' 202 830 360 260 216 390 230 202 189 276 375 640 420 290 275 230 202 530 750 1,310 600 860 320 460 820 320 390 360 260 202 176 202 1,170 710 670 530 375 290 260 230 275 246 176 164 164 164 189 153 164 1,560 1,660 670 600 360 290 230 202 189 176 141 162 141 152 152 176 164 164 152 202 230 189 202 230 2 202 3 176 4 176 5 152 6 162 7 162 8 710 9 600 10 305 11 202 12 176 13 . .. 176 14 189 15 . . .- 176 16 . .. 152 17 164 18 152 19 130 20 152 21 420 22 640 23 . . 290 24 216 25 . .. 189 26 . . 202 27 600 28 . .- 950 860 29 260 30 .... 216 31 1915-16. 1 216 216 202 216 216 202 202 202 189 202 189 176 189 189 230 320 230 189 164 530 405 320 275 230 189 176 189 230 230 460 305 202 260 202 202 189 176 176 189 164 176 176 216 176 202 176 176 260 560 360 290 230 202 230 230 1,660 1,410 870 530 530 405 460 630 530 ■ 460 460 500 600 500 390 360 290 290 230 275 202 202 152 202 176 176 164 202 750 640 530 600 790 2,060 1,760 1,220 1,170 1,410 1,120 910 750 670 600 530 360 360 290 290 260 260 260 260 202 176 176 176 176 176 152 130 152 152 560 950 910 750 152 2 245 3 230 4 176 5 216 6 202 7 . . 176 8 9 176 460 10 230 11 176 12 152 13 152 14 141 15.., 16 152 630 17 245 18 189 19 202 20 162 21 164 22 141 23 164 24 176 25 176 26 152 27 152 28 130 29 162 30 2,060 31 Note.— Discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 2,000 second-feet; above 2,000 second-feet the curve is based on logarithmic extension. Discharge, July 11-26, 1909, estimated by comparison with record of White River at Sharon. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 28, 1909, to Jan. 21, 1910; Feb. 4-27, 1910; Dee. 7, 1910, to Mar. 26, 1911; Jan. 6 to Apr. «, 1912;' Jan. 1 to Mar. 28, 1913; Jan. 1 to Mar. 26, 1914; Dec. 16, 1914, to Feb. 27, 1915; Jan. 9-26, Feb. 4-27, and Mar. 3-28, 1916; dis- charge for those periois ascertained by means of gage heights, current-meter measurements, observer's notes, auj weather records. 122 StTRFAeE WATERS OF VERMONT. Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Piercers Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., for 1909-1916. [Drainage area, 237 square miles.] Month. Discharge ia second-feet. Maximvun. MtQimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth ui inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. May 26-31.. June July August September . 1909. 700 556 260 372 777 October November. December. . January February... March April May June July August September . 1909-10. 397 302 219 2, 540 1,960 2,320 2,000 3,080 906 248 444 The year. 3,080 October November . December. . January . . . February . . March April May June July August September . 1910-11. 355 390 2,500 2,500 370 338 599 420 The year. October November . December. . January February . . March ..'... April May June July August September . 1911-12. 580 864 2,000 3,940 2,500 2, 180 203 315 949 The year. October . . . November . December. . January February . . March April May June July....... August September . 1912-13. 1,340 1,820 1.080 2,480 1,460 460 420 152 360 The year. 390 149 80 74 87 487 272 127 108 154 119 144 124 60 306 500 290 178 91 80 78 110 126 200 168 112 75 75 128 141 195 255 384 384 144 72 68 122 164 226 244 405 202 120 101 63 22 174 185 156 453 a 275 994 923 635 428 155 162 167 393 174 199 a 140 O190 aim a 185 1,370 620 200 135 149 200 305 287 326 564 o290 ol20 a 350 1,630 793 559 113 146 300 455 319 449 399 a 600 a 320 11,360 892 373 240 164 100 84.1 443 2.05 1.15 .536 .456 .650 .734 .781 .658 1.91 1.16 4.19 3. 89 2.68 1.81 .654 .084 .705 1.66 .734 .840 .591 .802 .422 .781 5.78 2.62 .844 .570 .629 .844 1.29 1.21 1.38 2.38 1.22 .506 1.48 6.88 3.35 2.36 .477 .616 1.27 1.92 1.35 1.89 1.68 2.53 1.35 5.74 3.76 1.57 1.01 .692 .422 .355 1.87 0.46 1.28 .62 .53 .73 .85 .87 .76 2.20 1.21 4.83 4.34 3.09 2.02 .75 .79 .79 22.50 .85 .94 .68 .92 .44 .90 6.45 3.02 .94 .66 .73 .94 17.47 1.40 1.54 2.74 1.41 .55 1.71 7.08 3.86 2.63 .55 .71 1.42 26.20 1.56 2.11 1.94 2.92 1.41 6.62 4.20 1.81 1.13 .80 .49 .40 25.39 a Discharge estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams iii adjacent drainage basins. CONNECTICUT EIVEK BASIN. 123 Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Hills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., for 1909-1916— Continued. Discharge in second-feet. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 1913-14. 560 670 530 85 130 152 209 208 205 a 120 a 115 a 295 1,280 650 161 133 105 114 0.882 .878 .865 .506 .485 1.24 5.40 2.74 .679 .561 .443 .481 1.02 .98 1.00 .58 .50 1.43 6.02 3.16 .76 .65 .51 .54 A. November A. A. P. D 1,080 4,640 1,710 390 290 320 230 D. 2i6 176 101 48 53 13 B. May A. A. July A. B. September B. The year 4,640 13 300 1.27 17.15 1914-15. October 202 340 68 69 105 146 a 145 a 170 a 270 298 718 313 178 482 436 264 .443 .616 .612 .717 1.14 1.26 3.03 1.32 .751 2.03 1.84 1.11 .51 .69 .71 .83 1.19 1.45 3.38 1.52 .84 2.34 2.12 1.24 B. B. C. D 950 750 4,000 600 530 2,540 1,310 710 D. March 164 189 176 93 107 176 130 A. A. May A. A. July A. A A. ' The year 4,000 294 1.24 16.82 1915-16. 500 530 1,660 2,060 1,410 3,140 2,360 2,480 1,310 830 1,660 2,060 176 164 164 152 130 130 600 320 275 176 141 130 235 239 365 544 454 512 1,140 640 550 370 306 261 .992 1.01 1.54 2.30 1.92 2.16 4.81 2.70 2.32 1.56 1.29 1.10 1.14 1.13 1.78 2.65 2.07 2.49 5.37 3.11 2.59 1.80 1.49 1.23 A. A. A January C. February C. March C. B. May A. A. July A. A. September A. The year 3,140 130 466 1.97 26.85 a Discharge estimated wholly or in part by comparison with records of streams in adjacent drainage basins. Days of deficiency in discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. Discharge in second- feet. Theoreti- cal horse- power per foot of fall. Days of deficiency in dis- charge, 1915-16. Discharge in second- feet. Theoreti- cal horse- power per foot of fall. Days of deficiency in dis- charge. 1915-16. 140 150 160 170 180 200 220 250 300 350 15.9 17.0 18.2 19.3 20.4 22.7 25.0 28.4 34.1 39.8 7 11 31 42 75 92 133 159 191 207 400 500 600 700 800 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 45.5 66.8 68.2 79.6 90.9 114 170 227 284 341 398 225 250 278 299 315 333 350 357 363 365 366 Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at differ- ent rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- power were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, Which may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. 124 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. PASSUMPSIC RIVER AT ST. JOHNSBURY CENTER, VT. Location. — At steel highway bridge near railway station at St. Johnsbury Center, about 3^ miles below mouth of Sheldon Branch and 2| miles above mouth of Moose River. Drainage area. — 244 (square miles. Records available. — ^June 29 to November 30, 1903. Gage. — Chain attached to downstream side of steel highway bridge; read twice daily by F. H. Wheeler. Discharge measurements. — ^Made from bridge. Channel and control. — Channel rocky, with gravel and alluvium; banks high and not subject to overflow. Control influenced by the dam at Paddocks Village, St. Johnsbury, 2 miles downstream. Extremes op stage. — ^Maximum stage recorded during the period, 5.40 feet at 8 a. m. July 26; minimum stage, 1.20 feet at 5.40 p. m. September 26. Regulation. — The operation of power plants above the station may have affected the distribution of flow at low stages. Accuracy. — Stage-discharge relation affected by dam below the station. Data in- sufficient for determination of daily discharge. Discharge measurements of Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt., during 1903. Date. Made by- Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by- Gage height. Dis- charge. June 29 EC. K. Barrows Feet. 2.57 2.98 Sec.-ft. 160 249 Aug. 4 Sept. 17 Hi. K. Barrows Feet. 2.64 1.37 Sec.-ft. 179 July 16 N. C. Grover do 90 Daily jage height, infect ofP assumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt., for 1903. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 2.70 3.10 3.00 2.95 2.8S 3.02 S.32 3.18 2.98 2.85 2.98 2.90 2. 58 2.55 2.48 2.48 2.70 2.82 2. SO 2. IS 1.80 1.78 1.5f 1.40 1.30 1.35 1.40 2.12 2.10 2.62 2.88 2.60 2.96 2.65 2.48 2.45 2.60 2.88 2.30 2.22 2.20 2.20 3.00 2.85 2.75 2.58 2.65 3.20 3.02 3.05 2.88 2.80 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.68 2.95 16 3.02 3.12 2.82 2.90 2.82 2.78 2.65 2.95 3.20 2.95 5.05 3.78 3.25 3.20 3.38 3.98 2.85 2.62 2.50 2.32 3.22 3.35 3.05 2.95 2.58 2.55 3.20 2.92 2.52 2.78 2.85 2.92 1.52 1.40 1.35 1.35 1.72 1.90 2.18 1.88 1.65 1.42 1.25 1.30 1.60 2.32 2.22 2.15 2.15 3.10 3.15 2.95 2.85 2.42 2.80 3.30 3.10 2.90 2.70 2.85 2.68 2.70 2.78 2.90 2 17 2.65 3 18 3.22 4 19 2.88 5 20 2 50 6 21 2.50 7 3.08 1 2.9fl 22 2.60 8 2.65 2.40 3.02 3.10 2.90 2.32 2.30 2.45 2.80 2.82 2.60 1.92 2.00 L90 1.85 2.45 23 2.68 9 24 2.65 10 25 2.65 11 26 2.95 12 27 2.78 13 28 2.78 14 29 2.57 2.65 2.90 15 30 2.35 31 WHITE RIVER AT SHARON, VT. Location. — At steel highway bridge near railway station in Sharon village (1903 1904); about 1,500 feet below dam of Vermont Copper Co., 1 mile below Sharon village (1909-1912). Drainage area. — 643 square miles at site first used in Sharon village; 654 square, miles at site 1 mile below Sharon. ^ Records available. — ^June 30, 1903, to November 12, 1904, and May 12, 1909, to December 31, 1912. Gages. — Chain gage on upstream side of highway bridge in Sharon village; read twice daily from June 30, 1903, to November 12, 1904; staff and chain gages on left bank 1,500 feet below dam of Vermont Copper Co., and staff gage at crest of dam, used from May 12, 1909, to December 31, 1912. ' Remeasvired since publication of other reports. CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 125 Discharge measurements. — ^Made from highway bridge in Sharon village; from suspension footbridge below dam of Vermont Copper Co., and by wading. Channel and control. — Stream bed covered with gravel and alluvium; somewhat shifting. Control at first site was at a timber crib dam, but as dam was not used for power and all water except leakage passed over it, the conditions were fairly permanent until the erection of a new dam 1 mile downstream caused back- water at the gage. The control for the new site consisted of gravel and boulders and was somewhat shifting. A rating was also made of the crest of the dam. Extremes op stage. — Maximum stage recorded 1903-4 and 1909-1912: 9.5 feet April 7, 1911 (discharge 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.9 feet September 22, 1909 (discharge, 10 second-feet; water held back by dam). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; records at dam of Vermont Copper Co. used in making computations at various times during the winters from 1909 to 1912. Regulation. — ^Flow not seriously affected by regulation during 1903-4, but at the new site, 1 mile below Sharon, the distribution of flow was largely regulated by the dam of the Vermont Copper Co. Accuracy. — Records considered good. Discharge measurements of White River at Sharon, Vt., during 1903-4 and 1909-1914. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1903. June 30 H. K. Barrows. . . . Feet. 5.03 4.87 4.79 6.63 6.49 5.58 4.51 4.49 4.70 5.59 5.85 5.30 4.07 3.70 3.63 3.50 Sec.-ft. 440 395 270 3,110 2,810 1,180 147 128 316 1,260 2,640 1,830 496 255 224 175 1910. Aug. 17 1911. June 18 1912. Feb. 17 Sept. 2 1913. Sept. 12 13 1914. Sept. 20 Oct. 7 7 G. M. Brett Feet. 3.90 3.80 05. 25 3.45 2.92 1.90 2.70 6 2.32 6 2.32 Sec.-ft. 286 Aug. 1 Sept. 10 do do N. C. Grover G. H. Canfleld 306 1904. Apr. 7 May 3 27 G. H. Canfleld S. K. Clapp 431 do do J. G.Mathers 162 July 7 7 27 G. H. Canfleld do do T. W. Norcross 151 Sept. 26 1909. May 12 29 do R. S. Barnes 4 D.M.Wood do do do do do 141 C. H. Pierce 69 June 24 July 20 21 Sept. 10 do 67 a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. b Stage-discharge relation affected by gravel bar below the gage; conditions shifting. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years evAing Sept. SO, 1903-4 and 1909-1912. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 1903. 1 619 790 513 513 418 418 375 375 335 298 375 335 298 335 418 418 513 335 335 335 418 418 335 335 513 464 418 375 335 335 1903. 11 298 263 298 263 263 335 298 335 298 375 375 1,970 849 619 418 418 418 418 375 732 335 263 263 298 263 263 335 335 335 263 1903. 21 513 619 1,700 849 565 513 619 513 418 513 464 849 565 418 418 418 675 513 464 418 375 418 263 2 12 22... 263 3 13 23 263 4 14 24 230 5 15 25... 230 6 16 26... . 230 7 17 27 230 8 18 28 263 9 19 . 29 298 10 20 30 203 31... 126 SURFACE WATEES OF VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-4 and 1909-1912— Continued. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1903-4. 1 263 263 263 263 263 513 375 335 619 909 619 513 464 418 418 375 375 619 790 619 513 464 418 619 565 513 513 464 418 418 464 418 418 418 375 375 513 464 335 375 418 335 375 418 375 335 375 418 619 565 418 335 2,250 2,150 2,410 2,680 2,940 3,200 3,470 3,470 5,460 5,230 4,340 3,570 3,260 2,450 2,060 2,060 1,700 1,880 1,970 1,880 1,700 1,880 1,880 2,060 3,260 3,360 2,650 4,560 6.380 5.800 4,340 3,470 2,850 2,650 2,250 1,880 1,530 1,370 1,300 1,530 1,530 1,300 1,370 1, 300 1,370 1,610 1,230 1,370 2,450 2,250 1,970 1,970 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,370 1,230 1,030 970 849 849 732 732 675 619 675 732 619 619 565 513 513 418 418 418 335 335 298 263 335 335 298 298 109 88 140 140 88 113 169 199 298 335 335 263 263 199 169 140 140 199 199 199 263 263 263 199 199 140 140 88 67 50 113 140 199 263 263 263 199 199 140 140 140 199 199 230 230 263 263 240 240 220 220 200 200 180 180 160 160 140 199 263 335 335 335 263 263 199 199 199 199 140 140 2 88 3 88 4 113 6 263 6 335 7 418 8 464 9 464 10 418 11 335 12 335 13 263 14 263 15 199 16 1,700 1,700 17 18 1,610 19 1 450 20 1,300 21 1,160 22 1,030 909 23 24 790 25 675 26 970 27 6,260 3,470 2, 550 2,350 2,450 1,230 28 1, 230 29 1,300 30 1,530 31 1 Day. Oct. Nov. Day. Oct. Nov. Day. Oct. Nov. 1.. 1904. 1,700 1,700 1,790 1,610 1,450 1,.300 1,160 1,030 909 790 2,150 1,970 1,700 1,450 1,300 1,450 1,610 1,700 1,610 1,450 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1904. 675 565 464 375 335 375 464 565 675 790 1,300 1,160 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1904. 1,100 1,530 2,550 3,360 3,470 3,260 3,150 2,950 2,750 2,550 2,350 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day. 1909. May. 2,640 1,870 1,750 1,630 June. 752 865 2, 590 1,560 1,180 986 1,130 986 743 1,290 1,180 July. 315 288 271 408 288 408 315 288 271 238 260 315 195 183 195 Aug. 175 155 163 238 246 199 203 175 155 163 155 163 67 Sept. 135 135 155 143 260 224 143 139 159 143 110 64 104 135 139 Day. 1909, 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1,510 2,780 2,840 2,350 2,260 2,000 1,700 1,700 1,510 1,210 1,120 1,050 1,130 1,670 1,510 1,240 June. July. 875 725 1,050 836 351 752 579 500 440 440 375 455 440 345 260 175 175 179 288 238 203 195 175 167 100 195 179 179 155 151 135 Aug. 100 135 345 271 315 260 233 345 195 135 155 175 107 100 195 195 CONNECTICUT EIVEK BASIN. 127 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-4 and 1909-1912 — Continued . Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1909-10. 1 315 266 288 304 271 215 215 215 167 72 233 171 233 191 215 175 207 199 242 207 171 183 179 345 345 293 238 224 220 207 199 680 680 680 595 515 595 595 595 515 515 515 515 440 440 440 440 440 440 440 440 515 375 440 1,070 515 515 515 770 680 515 515 238 266 207 199 271 215 238 375 238 242 238 238 271 191 260 171 233 224 195 310 175 251 271 293 345 388 345 345 321 345 304 304 339 341 260 304 327 321 251 256 271 260 7,620 6,940 6,170 4,000 1,750 2,260 4,000 3,040 2,000 1,670 1,440 1,590 1,360 1,360 1,560 1,290 1,290 810 1,010 1,670 2,170 1,510 3,130 3,450 6,170 5,980 4,130 3,500 4,320 4,940 5,770 450 450 398 450 345 450 450 450 505 450 345 345 345 345 450 450 450 398 345 345 345 345 345 345 398 450 865 4,130 3,740 2,120 1,830 5,140 3,360 2,870 2,560 2,260 2,410 2,870 2,410 1,970 2,260 1,560 1,430 1,300 1,180 1, 180 1,070 1,070 1,070 1,180 1,300 1,180 1,070 1,180 1,070 965 965 2,560 1,830 1,430 1,300 1,180 865 680 680 680 1,300 10, 200 4,730 3,380 2,720 2,560 2,870 3,740 4,730 7,960 6,850 3,940 3,560 3,740 3,740 3,560 3,560 3,200 2,870 3,940 4,730 5,140 7,960 4,730 3,200 1,180 1,180 1,180 2,260 1,700 1,430 1,180 1,070 1,070 1,300 1,180 1,070 965 965 965 965 770 770 1,070 865 770 865 865 770 865 3,560 2,260 1,970 1,180 1,070 1,180 4,520 5,770 3,560 2,260 1,970 1,690 1,560 1,430 1,300 1,180 1,070 965 865 770 680 680 680 595 595 515 440 440 440 440 595 515 515 440 595 515 440 2,260 1,700 1,300 1,180 965 2,260 3,740 3,200 2,120 1,970 1,700 1,970 1,830 1,560 1,300 1,300 1,430 1,300 1,180 1,070 865 865 770 770 680 595 595 770 680 515 440 515 440 440 440 440 440 370 370 370, 370 440 440 370 370 370 310 310 310 310 310 255 210 210 255 595 440 370 440 310 440 440 440 440 440 440 375 375 375 315 315 315 315 315 315 375 315 375 375 315 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 215 260 260 260 255 255 255 210 210 210 370 310 310 255 210 175 175 175 140 140 140 370 310 255 255 210 210 210 255 210 210 175 440 370 310 260 260 260 4,940 1,430 965 680 595 515 440 515 680 515 375 375 440 375 375 375 315 260 315 260 260 215 315 260 175 260 215 215 255 210 175 175 175 175 140 140 140 140 175 175 175 140 175 140 140 140 210 440 310 255 175 175 210 175 210 255 3,200 1,180 680 260 2 260 3 315 4 375 5 375 6 1,070 1,700 865 7 g 9 595 10 440 u 375 12 375 13 375 14 595 15 440 16 375 17 315 18 315 19 375 20 620 560 1,720 2,540 1,510 1,360 1,080 940 810 680 680 680 398 620 5,770 2,720 940 810 875 745 940 810 745 875 810 940 810 505 505 560 560 505 560 560 450 398 398 345 398 810 1,010 745 "7," 620' 315 21 315 22 315 23 315 24 375 25 375 26 375 27 440 28 2,410 1,180 29 30 770 Jl 1910-11. 1 .. . 515 515 680 965 1,070 1,300 965 865 770 770 770 770 680 680 680 595 595 595 515 515 515 515 515 515 515 515 440 440 515 515 515 515 440 375 440 440 440 440 440 440 440 260 215 250 250 345 250 440 2 440 3 515 4 440 5 440 6 595 7 515 8 515 9 680 LO 965 1: 595 2 595 3 515 4 440 5 595 6 1,070 7 865 8 770 9 685 770 1 685 2 370 3 .. 515 4 140 5 370 , 6 440 7 440 8 370 9 515 515 1 560 73175°— wsp 424—17 9 128 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903-4 and 1909-1912— Contimied. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1911-12. 1 770 680 770 680 1,700 1,180 1,070 965 965 865 770 770 680 680 565 515 515 595 7,960 5,560 2,870 2,410 2,120 2,120 1,700 1,430 1,300 1,180 1,070 1,070 1,430 1,180 1,180 1,070 965 865 865 1,430 1,180 1,070 965 965 965 1,430 770 1,070 865 865 965 1,560 1,180 1,070 965 965 905 865 865 865 770 2,120 1,690 1,430 1,300 1,070 770 595 770 770 770 865 865 1,070 2,120 2,410 2,120 1,560 1,300 1,430 1,300 965 770 770 965 5,980 3,120 2,120 1,830 1,560 1,560 1,070 865 770 6,420 3,380 2,410 1,970 1,560 1,560 1,430 1,560 'i,'436' 1,300 1,180 2 3 3,200 2,560 2,200 1,830 1,830 4 5 1,700 9,080 11,200 6 , 7 g 9 8,180 1,300 1,180 10 11 3,380 3,380 3,740 965 865 12 965 13 14 1,070 965 4,320 865 • 770 680 680 680 595 515 515 440 370 310 255 210 255 210 15 4,130 10,000 9,540 16 . 17 18 19 10,500 1 970 20 21 4,130 3,940 6,850 '5,"i46" '2,'566' 'i,"430' 'i,'676' 6,630 7,960 22 23 24 . . 25 3,560 3,040 3,040 2,720 2,410 26 27 . . 28 29 2,870 5,350 30 210 31 Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1912. 1 104 515 1912. 16 770 2 175 175 680 515 17 140 "ho" 515 3 18 370 440 1,180 4 175 140 104 210 370 1,020 191 140 1,430 5 20 175 6 1,560 21 1,300 770 865 865 7 175 175 140 122 140 '"iio' i,m' 310 22 8 3,560 1,430 23. . 370 255 175 9 24 770 595 10 1,830 25. 104 11 104 255 26 370 2,870 12 770 27., 140 122 104 13 122 28 680 14 140 175 680 1,830 29 175 595 15 175 30 .. 1,070 515 31 74 1,830 Note.— Discharge for 1903-4 determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 4,000 second- feet. Discharge for 1909 to 1912 determined from rating curve for staff and chata gages fairly well defined below 4,000 second-feet. A rating curve was also developed for gage at crest of dam, but computations based on this curve are uncertain on account of lack of information regarding use of water through wheels and operation of sluice gates. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice: Nov. 22, 1903, to Mar. 26, 1904; Dec. 10, 1909, to Mar. 25, 1910; Dec. 14-17, 1910; Jan. 1-2, and Jan. 5 to Mar. 26, 1911; and Jan. 13 to Mar. 28,1912. CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 129 Alonthly discharge of White River at Sharon, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1903-4 and 1909-1911. [Drainage area," 654 square miles.] Month. July........ August September. October November. December.! January February . . March April May June July August September. The year. October November 1-12. May 12-31.. Jime July August September . 1909. October November - December.. January February . . March April May June July August September. The year. October November. December. . January February... March April May June JLily August September. The year. October November . December.. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. 1,700 1,970 513 909 619 6,260 6,380 4,340 732 335 335 1,700 6,380 3,470 2,150 2,840 2,590 408 345 865 345 388 341 2,540 7,620 7,620 5,140 3,560 3,740 440 4,940 2,410 7,620 Minimum. 1,070 1,300 5,770 4,130 10,200 5,770 595 440 3,200 1,070 10,200 7,960 2,120 263 298 230 263 50 140 Mean. 483 510 314 472 364 325 225 200 1,160 3,070 1,730 395 200 217 759 335 1,160 1,050 260 100 67 10 758 1,540 1,570 230 189 163 72 171 810 965 770 515 215 175 260 375 440 345 440 210 140 140 140 515 770 595 226 261 237 541 700 3,160 1,810 1,240 1,420 330 562 666 922 Per square mile. 0.751 .793 .488 .734 .566 .505 .350 .311 1.80 4.78 2.69 .614 .311 .337 1.18 1.18 2.40 2.44 2.72 1.29 .352 .289 .249 .346 .399 .362 .827 1.07 4.83 2.77 1.90 2.17 .505 .859 .865 Run-ofE (depth in inches on drainage area). 1.41 530 660 554 893 345 746 3,770 1,230 375 245 337 560 853 1,520 1,080 1,450 .810 1.01 .847 1.37 .528 1.14 .76 .88 .573 .375 .515 .856 1.30 2.32 1.65 2.22 0.87 .91 .54 .85 .63 .58 .40 ..34 2.08 5.33 3.10 .68 .36 .39 1.32 2.77 1.09 2.02 1.44 .41 .33 .28 .40 .45 .42 .95 1.11 5.57 3.09 2.19 2.42 .58 .99 .97 Accu- racy. .93 1.13 .98 1.58 .55 1.31 6.43 2.17 .64 .43 .59 17.70 2 68 1.84 2.56 a 643 square miles from June 30, 1903, to Nov. 12, 1904. Note.— Discharge for Nov. 22, 1903, to Mar. 26, 1904, estimated by comparison with record of flow of Connecticut River at Fairlee; mean discharge Dec. 13-31, 1909, estimated 201 second-feet; discharge for Jan. 1-19, and Feb. 1-27, estimated from weather records and comparison with records of streams in nearby drainage basins, mean discharge Feb. 1-27 estimated 444 second-feet. Discharge for February, 1911, esti- mated by comparison with records of streams in near-by drainage basins. Discharge for other periods during the winter months based on rating cux've for crest of dam. 130 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT. Location. — About 500 feet above highway bridge in village of West Hartford, 7 miles above mouth of river. Drainage area. — 687 square miles. Records available. — June 9, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Gage . — Inclined staff on left bank; read twice a day by F. P. Morse. Discharge measurements. — Made from cable 1,500 feet below the gage or by wading. Channel and control. — Channel wide and of fairly uniform cross-section at meas- uring section; covered with gravel and alluvium. Control formed by rock ledge 100 feet below the gage; well defined. Extremes op discharge. — Maximum stage recorded during period, 10.7 feet at 7 a. m. April 2, 1916 (approximate discharge determined from extension of rating curve, 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.32 feet at 6 a. m. August 29, 1916 (approximate discharge determined from extension of rating curve, 40 second-feet) . The high water of March 27, 1913, reached a stage of 18.9 feet, as determined from reference mark on scale platform opposite gage (discharge not determined). Winter flow. — Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice; discharge ascer- tained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. (See PL XII, B, p. 91.) Regulation. — There are several power plants on the main stream and tributaries above the station, the neai-est being that of the Vermont Copper Co. at Sharon; when this plant is in operation it causes some diurnal fluctuation in discharge at low stages. Accuracy. — Results good. Discharge measurements of White River at West liartjord, Vt., during 1915-16. Date. Made by- i^^^ff^. Dis- charge. Date. Made by— Gage height. Dis- charge. 1915. Jiino 9 . 1 Feet. C.H.Pierce '■ 3.11 Thweatt and Adams ... 3. 30 Hardin Thweatt 3. 08 G.F.Adams 4.17 C.H.Pierce 3.52 R. S. Barnes ■ 4. 10 R.S.Barnes a 4. 35 do ..• a5.04 do : 4.08 Sec.-ft. 230 260 • 233 1 715 376 ! 718 ; 748 936 668 1910. Mar. 20 21 Apr. 7 8 9 20 21 25 June 21 Oct. 27 R. S. Barnes Feet. 3.98 3.96 6.59 6.12 6.22 6.56 6.45 7.30 5.70 3.37 Sec.-ft. 617 Sept. 8 13 Nov. 22 Dec. 5 21 1916. --:..do do do do Hardin Thweatt do R. S. Barnes 627 3,170 2,220 2,310 3,280 3,090 4,230 Jan. 11 Feb. 7 15 Hardin Thweatt do 2,120 286 a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN, 131 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1915-16. Day. Jiine. July. Aug. Sept. Day. Jime. July. Aug. Sept. 1915. 1. .. 410 1,450 1,270 1,270 950 1,100 745 950 4,280 1,960 1.180 915 777 845 845 515 715 1,020 746 1,270 1,020 915 715 715 777 655 542 570 597 487 435 385 315 295 295 240 275 337 410 337 257 225 225 240 225 1915. 16 295 385 625 460 435 435 337 275 240 240 225 180 240 225 195 655 810 777 685 1,180 845 810 1,360 915 715 715 880 685 915 810 625 542 542 570 460 385 337 385 1,180 985 950 777 597 487 435 460 460 210 2 17 210 3 18 195 4 19 177 5 20 180 6 21 275 7 ! 22 487 8 23 337 9 225 210 240 410 410 295 275 24 257 10 25 240 11 26 180 12 27 295 13 28 295 14 29 257 IS 30 210 31 Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 1915-16. 1 210 225 275 337 295 410 410 315 275 240 240 225 210 195 257 410 315 295 275 275 315 315 275 225 225 257 257 295 275 275 275 337 315 295 295 295 295 295 275 275 275 295 257 257 275 315 597 487 337 460 880 880 745 597 515 435 385 410 385 487 685 625 460 515 487 360 385 360 295 257 295 315 410 360 275 275 275 295 360 597 950 715 542 460 487 542 2,960 2,310 1,740 1,270 1,100 915 715 950 950 915 810 1,180 1,540 1,100 950 777 745 745 745 715 745 515 542 .542 515 487 542 715 2,310 2,310 1,640 1,540 3,680 7,820 4,130 2,430 2,690 4,130 2,960 2,070 1,450 985 985 985 810 810 810 810 625 685 625 715 745 777 745 715 625 542 597 655 625 845 1,180 3,380 1,740 1,450 1,360 1,270 1,180 1,180 1,100 1,020 915 1,100 950 810 715 810 810 745 625 597 625 570 597 625 625 570 542 542 570 685 845 1,360 2,190 3,680 5,080 6,080 8.900 4,760 3,830 2,960 3,240 3,380 2,690 2,690 2,430 2,690 3,240 3,240 3,240 2,960 3,240 3,830 4,440 3,680 3,380 2,960 3,100 5,570 6,080 4,440 3,980 3,380 2,960 2,690 2,960 2,960 2,560 1,960 2,070 1,850 1,640 1,540 1,540 1,540 1,360 1,180 1,020 950 915 880 8-15 2,820 5,910 3,100 2,310 1,960 1,640 1,740 1,740 1,450 1,270 1,180 1,020 1,100 1,020 1,850 1,180 950 915 1,640 1,450 1,360 1,180 1,020 1,270 1,740 1,960 1,960 1,740 1,740 1,360 1,270 1,960 2,310 1,960 2,690 1,960 1,640 1,360 1,180 1,180 1,270 1,020 1,540 1,180 1,020 845 745 1,640 1,360 1,540 1,270 950 845 715 655 655 597 745 625 .570 435 515 410 435 360 315 487 1,100 810 597 542 515 655 460 385 360 315 275 257 275 257 240 195 295 225 257 275 240 225 225 225 210 159 210 195 168 180 195 295 295 156 148 142 142 90 195 180 165 2 142 3 177 4 174 5 156 6 142 7 156 8 165 9 174 10 128 11 159 12 120 13 94 14 108 15 108 16 295 17 240 18 240 19 225 20 148 21 195 22 130 23 : 122 24 171 25 177 26 168 27 . . . 174 28 171 29 145 30 31 1,020 Note. — Discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined between 150 and 5,000 second-feet. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 10-21 and Feb. 4-14, 1916; discharge for these periods ascertained by means of gage heights, two discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 132 SURFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. Monthly discharge of White River al West Hartford, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1915-16. [Drainage area, 687 square miles.] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. Jime 9-30 . . July Aua;ust September. October November . December . , January — February . . March April May June July August September . 1915-1(1 The year. f.25 4,280 1,270 4S7 410 SSO 2,9C0 7,R20 4,130 5, 080 8,900 5,910 2,690 l,fi40 315 1,020 8,000 ISO 410 337 177 312 1,040 r,71 277 195 257 2.57 487 .542 542 2,430 845 015 315 90 94 421 684 1,480 1, 180 1,110 3,770 1,770 1,500 714 217 193 90 1,110 0.454 1.51 .977 .403 .408 .613 .996 2.15 1.72 1.62 5.49 2.58 2.18 1.04 .316 .281 1.62 0.37 1.74 1.13 .45 .47 .68 1.15 2.48 1.86 1.87 6.12 2.97 2. 43 1.20 .36 .31 21.90 Days of deficiency in discharge of White River at West Hartford, Vt., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. Discharge Theoretical horse- Days of deficiency Discharge Theoretical horse- Days of deficiency in second- in dis- in second in dis- feet. foot of fall. charge, 1915-16. feet. foot of fall. charge, 1915-16. 100 11.4 2 700 70.6 186 120 13.6 4 800 90.9 206 140 15.9 8 900 ■ 102 223 160 18.2 20 1,000 114 239 180 20.4 31 1,250 142 264 200 22.7 39 1,500 170 282 225 25.6 43 2,000 227 311 250 28.4 58 3,000 341 337 275 31.2 67 5,000 568 359 300 34.1 101 10, 000 1,140 366 350 39.8 113 400 45.5 123 450 51.1 131 500 56.8 142 600 68.2 169 Note. — The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at differ- ent rates of discharge, and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horse- power were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may be as as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent. EAST BRANCH OF DEERFIELD RIVER AT SOMERSET RESERVOIR, VT. Location. — At the outlet of Somerset reservoir, about 11 miles (by river) northwest of Wilmington, Vt. Drainage area. — 30 square miles, including 3 square miles of water surface when reservoir is full. Becords available. — March 1, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Gages. — Vertical staff in arm of weir pool below outlet gates and vertical staff in reservoir near the spillway. COlsrN'ECTlCTJT RIVER BASIN". 133 CoMPtJTATiON OP RUN-OFF. — ^Water discharged through outlet gates is measured by 40-foot Cippoletti weir (PI. XIV, B, p. Ill) a few hundred feet below outlet; corrections are applied for gain or loss in water stored as determined from capacity curve of reservoir. During construction of reservoir, prior to June, 1914, the natural flow was ascertained by means of a weir just below the regulating works, with connections for pondage. Current-meter measurements have been made by suspending meter from cable across stream 100 feet below weir; section rough and unsatisfactory for current-meter measurements. Cooperation. — ^Records furnished by the New England Power Co. The following discharge measurements were made by C. H. Pierce: September 7, 1916: Gage height, 0.99 foot; discharge, 171 second-feet. 2.17 feet; discharge, 573 second-feet. Gage height. Monthly discharge of East Branch of Deerfield River at Somerset reservoir, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1912-1916. [Drainage area, 30 square miles.] Month. 1912. March April May Jiuie July August September 1912-13. October November December January February March April May June July August , September The year. 1913-14. October November , December January February March April May June July August September The year Discharge in sec- ond-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on Per drainage Mean. square mile. area). 70.0 2.33 2.69 234 7.80 8.70 88.5 2.95 3.40 44.4 1.48 1.65 5.8 .19 .22 2.1 .07 .08 17.7 .59 .66 140.8 4.69 5.41 60.7 2.02 2.25 96.0 3.20 3.69 145.7 4.86 5.60 25.4 .85 .89 263 8.77 10.11 96.0 3.20 3.57 76.0 2.53 2.92 10.1 .34 .38 9.2 .31 .36 6.0 .20 .23 18.2 .61 .68 79.8 2,66 36.09 55.2 1.84 2.12 118 3.93 4.38 41.2 1.37 1.58 26.6 .89 1.03 7.5 .25 .26 74.4 2.48 2.86 326 10.88 12.14 157 9.0 5.24 .30 6.04 .33 (a) (a) (o) 24.0 18.0 .80 .60 .92 .68 71.4 2.38 32.34 Month. 1914-15. October November December January February March April May , June , July , August , September The year. 1915-16. October November December January February March Apnl May June July August September The year Discharge in sec- ond-feet. 12.6 32.4 26.7 94.8 122 26.1 175 48.0 10.2 139 99.3 33.0 8.1 34.5 36.6 77.7 112 116 31.8 215 182 72.9 25.2 4.2 16.5 Per square mile. 0.42 1.08 .89 3.16 4.08 .87 5.84 1.60 .34 4.63 3.31 1.10 2.27 1.15 1.22 2.59 3.75 3.88 1.06 7.18 6.05 2.43 .84 .14 .55 2.56 Rim-ofl (depth in inches on drainage area). 0.49 1.21 1.03 3.64 4.25 1.00 6.52 1.85 .38 5.34 3.82 1.23 30.76 1.33 1.36 2.99 4.32 4.18 1.22 8.01 6.97 2.71 .97 .16 .62 34.84 a The apparent storage release during the month, as computed from capacity curve of the reservoir, exceeded total quantity passing the weir, as computed from weir table. 134 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. The results of measurements of flow of streams in Vermont at points other than gaging stations are given in the following table. Miscellaneous measurements of streams in Vermont. St. Lawrence River basin. Date. Stream. Tributary to — Locality. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1909. June 28 May 19 27 June 24 May 20 1910. Aug. 13 13 6 5 13 Sept. 2 Aug. 12 Sept. 2 Aug. 11 Lamoille River. Dog River .do. .do. -do. WinoosM River. do Mollys Brook . . . Peachams Pond outlet . ....do Cranberry Meadow Pond outlet. Kingsbury Branch. .do. Curtis Pond outlet Stevens Branch . . . . .do. do Jail Branch. .do. .do. do North Branch. do No. 10 Pond outlet . Lake Champlain . . Winooski River... ....do. ....do. ....do. Lake Champlain . . ....do Winooski River. . . .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. Kingsbury Branch Winooski River -do. do Stevens Branch . .do. .do. do Winooski River. do North Branch. Sept. 2 do .do. Covered highway bridge at Johnson Vt. Highway bridge one mile above Northfleld, Vt. do do Railroad bridge at mouth near Montpelier, Vt. 500 feet below farm bridge on L. D. Nute's farm above Marshfield, Vt. 400 feet above iron bridge about 1 mile below Marsh- field, Vt. Highway bridge on road 1 mile below pond between Marshfield and Danville, Vt. At Brace's Mill, Peacham, Vt. 50 feet above second high- way bridge above dam of Molly Falls Power Co., Marshfield, Vt. 50 feet below first stone cul- vert under highway above Nelson Pond, near Marsh- field, Vt. At farm bridge 200 feet be- low junction with No. 10 Pond Brook, 2\ miles North Montpelier, Vt. At old bridge 500 feet below jimction with No. 10 Pond Brook above Montpelier, Vt. Calais Center, Vt 25 feet above highway bridge below Central Vermont Ry. station, Williams- town, Vt. 20 feet below highway bridge below Central Vermont Ry. station, WilUams- town, Vt. At bridge, South Barre, Vt . I mile from East Barre, Vt., on road to Orange, Vt. do.... 200 feet above railroad bridge, Barre, Vt. At railroad bridge, Barre, Vt. Just above old mill site above Worcester, Vt. do Just above highway bridge 2\ miles above Montpelier, Vt. do Feet. (a) 6 10.25 610.90 6 11. 60 3.15 10.3 6.5 2.70 7.2 6.5 3.10 3.40 8.25 d2.0 1.34 el. 75 24.58 /1.6 /1. 27 8.4 Sec.-ft. 128 164 22.0 417 9.4 30.0 L3 4.0 11.5 .74 19.8 46.5 .26 3.17 1.18 11.4 22.7 4.97 33.0 23.2 13.6- 3.96 23.0 8.44 a Reference point is a U-shaped tack in top outer side of guard rail at station 50. Distance to water surface, 28.82 feet. Initial point is face of left abutment. 6 Water surface to reference point. Reference point is under edge of zinc cover over the upstream truss at about station 5 from face of east abutment. c Reference point, southwest corner of top of plate on middle floor beam, upstream side of bridge. Dis- tance to water surface, 18.08 feet. d Stake driven beside large rocks, with notch assumed at 2 feet. « Gage at Marvin farm, 1.75. / Stake driven on right bank. MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 135 Miscellaneous measurements of streams in Vermont — Continued. St. Lawrence River basin — Continued. Date. Stream. Tributary to— Locality. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Aug. 9 Dog River Winooski River... Dog River do 400 feet above Corks high- way bridge near North- field, Vt. 50 feet above mouth near Northfield, Vt. Northfleld, Vt Feet. Sec.-ft. 3.64 9 . 24 East Eoxbury Branch of Dog River. Union Brook 2.50 .09 9 Bull Run Brook. . . do Under highway bridge, Northfleld, Vt. Warren, Vt 1.85 2.43 30 Mad River.. . . Winooski River... do 1.74 28 Waitsfield, Vt 7.72 28 20 30 Mill Stream Branch of Mad River. Waterbury River do Mad River Winooski River. . . do Just above second mill, near Waitsfield, Vt. 100 feet below junction of East and West Branches, Stowe, Vt. do 23.9 24. 15 23.9 24.15 10.0 9.81 9.76 9.02 8.80 2.47 36.9 17.1 20 30 West Branch of Water- bury River. do Waterbury River . do 200 feet above junction of East and West Branches, Stowe, Vt. 100 feet above junction of East and West Branches, Stowe, Vt. Just below tailrace of mill at Moss Glen Falls, Stowe, Vt. Railroad bridge near Rut- land, Vt. Hardwiek, Vt 23.6 12.3 30 East Branch of Water- bury River. Cold River do .40 1911. Aug. 8 1912. Oct. 16 Otter Creek LakeChamplain. . .. ..do a 7. 8 Lamoille River 6 do.c do.d do.e 265 16 do 46.4 21 do do 264 21 do do 48.4 Connecticut River basin. I by C. H. Pierce.] 1913. June 28 Connecticut River do Atlantic Ocean . ..do Bellows Falls, Vt 46.656 46.653 3,030 28 do 3,020 July 20 do./ do Vernon, Vt 330 a Does not represent total discharge; a diversion through an old power canal about 1 mile above point of measurement. This condition ascertained from a local engineer after measm'ement was made. 6 No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 3.3 feet; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening; 32 feet of flashboards on spillway, with considerable leakage. c No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 0.7 opening; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening; 32 feet of flashboards on spillway. d No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 3.75 feet; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening. e No. 1 gate at 0.5 opening; No. 2 gate at 1.0 opening; No. 3 gate at 0.7 opening; very little water leaking through flashboards. / Measurement made 1,500 feet below Vernon dam. All wheel gates closed at powerhouse. 136 BtJEPACE WATIES OF VEEMOITT, CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic computations: Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches over the area. Discliarge (second-feat per square mile). Run-ofl (depth in inches). Iday. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 1 2 0.03719 .07438 .11157 . 14876 .18595 .22314 .26033 .29752 .33471 1.041 2.083 3.124 4.165 5.207 6.248 7.289 8.331 9.372 1.079 2.157 3.236 4.314 6.393 6.471 7.550 8.628 9.707 1.116 2.231 3.347 4.463 5.578 6.694 7.810 8.926 10.041 1.153 2.306 3.459 4.612 6.764 6.917 8.070 9.223 10.376 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 Note. — For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days. Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet. Discharge (second- feet). Run-oflE (acre-feet). Iday. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 1 1.983 3.967 6.950 7.934 9.917 11.90 13.88 15.87 17.85 55.54 111.1 166.6 222.1 277.7 333.2 388.8 444.3 499.8 57.52 115.0 172.6 230.1 287.6 345.1 402.6 400. 2 517.7 69.50 119.0 178.5 238.0 297.5 357.0 416.5 476.0 535.5 61.49 123.0 184.5 246.0 307.4 368.9 430.4 491.9 553.4 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9 Note.— For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days. Table/or converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet. Discharge (second- feet). Run-off (millions of cubic feet). 1 day. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 81 days. 1 0.0864 .1728 .2592 .3456 .4320 .5184 .6048 .6912 .7776 2.419 4.838 7.257 9.676 12.10 14.51 16.93 10.35 21.77 2.506 5.012 7.518 10.02 12.53 15.04 17.54 20.65 22.55 2.592 5.184 7.776 10.37 12.96 15.55 18.14 20.74 23.33 2.678 5.356 8.034 10.71 13.39 16.07 18.75 21.42 24.10 2 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 Note. — For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days. conveniejstt equivalents. 137 Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons. Discharge (second- feet). Run-ofl (millions of gallons). 1 day. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 1 0. 6463 1.293 1.939 2.585 3.232 3. 878 4.524 5.171 5.817 18.10 36.20 54.30 72.40 90.50 108.6 126.7 144. 8 162.9 18.74 37.48 56.22 74.96 93.70 112.4 131.2 149.9 168.7 19.39 38.78 58.17 77. 56 96. 95 116.3 135.7 155. 1 174.5 20.04 40.08 60.12 80.16 100.2 120.2 140.3 160.3 180.4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Note. — For part of a month multiply the run-ofi for 1 day by the number of days. Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour. [1 foot per seeond= 0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour= 1.4666 feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.] Feet per second (units). Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.000 .682 1.36 2.05 2.73 3.41 4.09 4.77 5.45 6.14 0.068 .750 1.43 2.11 2.80 3.48 4.16 4.84 5.52 6.20 0.136 .818 1.50 2.18 2.86 3.55 4.23 4.91 5.59 6.27 0.205 .886 1.57 2.25 2.93 3.61 4.30 4.98 5.66 6.34 0.273 .995 1.64 2.32 3.00 3.68 4.36 5.05 5.73 6.41 0.341 1.02 1.70 2.39 3.07 3.75 4.43 5.11 5.80 6.48 0.409 1.09 1.77 2.45 3.14 3.82 4.50 5.18 5.86 6.55 0.477 1.16 1.84 2.52 3.20 3.89 4.57 5.25 5.93 6.61 0.545 1.23 1.91 2.59 3.27 3.95 4.64 5.32 6.00 6.68 0.614 1.30 1.98 2.66 3.34 4.02 4.70 5.39 6.07 6.75 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table for converting discharge in second-feet into theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. [1 second-foot= 0.1136 theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Weight of 1 cubic foot of water=62.5 pounds.] Tens. Units. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.00 1.14 2.27 3.41 4.54 5.68 6.82 7.95 9.09 10.2 0.114 1.25 2.39 3.52 4.66 5.79 6.93 8.07 9.20 10.3 0.227 1.36 2.50 3.64 4.77 5.91 7.04 8.18 9.32 10.5 0.341 1.48 2.61 3.75 4.88 6.02 7.16 8.29 9.43 10.6 0.454 1.59 2.73 3.86 5.00 6.13 7.27 8.41 9.54 10.7 0.568 1.70 2.84 3.98 5.11 6.25 7.38 8.52 9.66 10.8 0.682 1.82 2.95 4.09 5.23 6.36 7. .50 8.63 9.77 10.9 0.795 1.93 3.07 4.20 5.34 6.48 7.61 8.75 9.88 11.0 0.909 2.04 3.18 4.32 5.45 6.59 7.72 8.86 10.0 11.1 1.02 2.16 3.29 4.43 5.57 6.70 7.84 8.97 10.1 11.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 second -foot equals 40 California miner's Indies (law of Mar. 23, 1901). 1 second -foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches. 1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day. 1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet, or 13.572 inches deep. 1 second -foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour. 138 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. 1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet. 1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet. 1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second -feet for one day. 1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month. 1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month. 1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month. 1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month. 100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 100 CaUfomia miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet. 100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet. 100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot. 100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot. 1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons. 1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers. 1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. 1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. * 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 1 horsepower equals 1 second -foot falling 8.80 feet. IJ horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt. ^ , , . , , Second -feetX fall in feet ^ , To calculate water power quickly. yi =net horsepower on water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power. GAZETTEEE OF STREAMS. The streams, lakes, and ponds described in the following pages include those named on topographic maps of Vermont surveyed and published by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation v/ith the State and covering parts of western and southern Vermont, on the post-route map of Vermont, and on a map published by George H. Walker & Co. (Boston) in 1906. Colton's railroad and township map of Vermont, published in 1864, has been consulted, and use has also been made of private surveys and of maps compiled by engineer- ing corporations. Each stream is described as rising near the point at which the head of the upper tributary apparently draining the largest area is shown on the map, and the elevation of that point is given as the elevation of the source. This method does not give results of great precision, but it probably causes no greater errors in the determina- tion of length and faU than would be caused by extending each stream to the head of the divide between its basin and that of the adjoining streams. It should be understood, however, that aU state- ments of elevation, length, and fall are merely approximate. Topographic sheets used in the preparation of the gazetteer are listed below. An index map showing the area covered by each sheet may be obtained by applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Becket. Fort Ann. Pawlet. Wallingford. Bennington. Greenfield. Plattsburg. Warwick. Berlin. Greylock. Port Henry. Whitefield. Brandon. Hanover. Rochester.! Whitehall. Brattleboro. Hawley. Rouses Poitit. Willsboro. Burlington. Hoosick. Rutland. Wilmington. Cambridge. Keene. St. Albans. Woodstock. Castleton. Londonderry. Schuylerville. Cohoes. Middlebury. Strafford. Equinox. Milton. Ticonderoga. Abbey Brook. — Chittenden County; a small stream that enters Browns River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence) from the east in the town of Essex. Milton sheet. Abbott Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of Strafford on McMaster Hill, at an altitude of 1,700 feet above sea level; flows south- eastward 4J miles and joins West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary 1 Rochester sheet will be ready for distribution about August, 1917. 139 140 SUEFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. through. Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut) at Campbell Corner in the southwestern part of Thetford; fall, 1,000 feet; principal tributary, a stream from Miller Pond. Strafford sheet. Acton Brook. — ^Windham County; a stream about 5 miles long, rising in the north- western part of Townshend and flowing west of south into West River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Adam Pond. — Windham County; easternpartof the town of Jamaica; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing south of west into West River (tributary to the Connecti- cut); altitude, about 840 feet; area, 10 acres. Londonderry sheet. Adams Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Eden; flows southwestward and southward to Green River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); about 5 miles Jong. Colton map and Walker map. Adams Brook. — ^Windham County; a stream about 3 miles long, rising in the north- western part of the town of Marlboro and flowing southeastward into Marlboro Branch (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Wilmington and Brattleboro sheets. Alder Brook. — Addison County; rises in northern part of Ripton; flows southwest- ward into North Branch of Middlebury River (tributary through Middlebury River and Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Walker map; Middlebury sheet. Alder Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northern part of Hard wick; flows southward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Alder Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southwestern part of Westford; flows southward to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern part of Essex Township; about 6 miles long. Walker map and Milton sheet. Alder Brook. — Essex County; rises in the northern part of the town of Victory; flows southeastward 3 miles into Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Alder Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the southern part of the town of Coventry; flows northeastward and eastward 3 miles into Barton River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Franeis rivers and thus to the St. Law- rence). Walker map. Alder Brook, North. — Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Sunderland, at an altitude of 2, 880 feet above sea level; flows west and southwest to its junc- tion with South Alder Brook to form Roaring Branch (tributary through Batten Kill to Hudson River); length. If miles; fall, 640 feet. Equinox sheet. Alder Brook, South. — Bennington Coimty ; rises in the southeastern part of Sunder- land, at an altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level; flows northward and northwest- ward to its jimction with North Alder Brook to form Roaring Branch (tributary to Batlien Kill and thus to the Hudson); length, If miles; fall, 760 feet. Equinox sheet. Alder Meadow Brook. — ^Addison County; rises in the northern part of the town of Granville; flows eastward 1 mile, then west of south 5 miles to a point near Granville post office, where it joins Patterson Brook to form the head of White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and Rochester sheet. Alder Meadow Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Hart- land, at an altitude of 1,240 feet; flows southeastward into Lulls Brook (tribu- tary to the Connecticut) at Hartland Four Corners; fall, 610 feet; length, 4 miles. JSaiiover sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 141 A.LGER Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 1^ miles long, draining a small area in the east-central part of the town of Strafford, flowing south westward, and dis- charging into West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Om- pompanoosuc River to the Connecticut) three-fourths of a mile southeast of the mouth of Patterson Brook. Strafford sheet. Allbee Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southern part of the town of Granville; flows north of east 2 miles into White River (tributary to the Connecticut), Walker map and Rochester sheet. Allen Brook. — Chittenden County; rises northwest of Cobble Hill in the southern part of the town of Milton; flows northward 1 mile, then turns abruptly and flows in general southwesterly 5 miles to its junction with Malletts Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); inter- mittent at head and marshy near mouth. Milton sheet. Allen Brook.^ — Chittenden County; rises in the south-central pai't of Williston; at an altitude of 750 feet above sea level; flows somewhat east of north about 3 miles to Williston, where it turns and flows irregularly northwestward to its junction with Muddy Brook, a short distance above the entrance of the latter into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length about 8 miles; total fall, 550 feet; course very crooked. Walker map and Burlington sheet. AscuTNEY Pond. — ^Windsor County; very small; in the course of Mill River about IJ miles west of its junction with Connecticut River. Walker map. Atwood Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northern part of Bridgewater, at an altitiide of 2,220 feet; flows southeastward into Gulf Stream (tributary through Barnard Brook to Ottauquechee River and thus to the Connecticut) in the west- ern corner of Pomfret; fall, 1,320 feet; length, 3J miles. Woodstock sheet. Austin Brook. — ^Addison County; rises in the northern part of Granville; flows northward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very short. Walker map. Austin Pond. — Rutland County; central part of town of Hubbard ton; inlets from Beebe Pond (tributary from Keeler Pond) and Roach Pond; outlet, a stream three-fourths mile long flowing southward into the north end of Bomoseen Lake (outlet through Castleton River to Poultney River and thus through Lake Cham- plain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea, 468 feet; fall of outlet, 55 feet. Castleton sheet. AvERiLL Brook. — Essex County; stream about 2 miles long, rising in the western part of the town of Averill and joining Black Branch (tributary to Nulhegan River and thus to the Connecticut) in the northern part of the town of Lewis. Walker map and private surveys. Averill Stream. — Essex County; rises in the isoutheastem part of the town ot Norton as a small stream flowing into Little Averill Pond; flows northward to Great Averill Pond, from the northwestern corner of which it flows northwestward into Coaticook River (tributary through Massawippi River to St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Avery Brook. — Windsor and Orange counties; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Norwich, Windsor County; flows southeastward 1 mile, then northeast- ward 2 miles to Union Village in the southern part of the town of Thetf ord , where it joins West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoo- suc River to the Connecticut). Strafford sheet. Ayers Brook. — ^Washington and Orange counties; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Roxbury, Washington County; flows southeastward across the western comer of Brookfield and the eastern corner of Braintree and joins the Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) in the western part of the tovra of Randolph, Orange County; length, about 10 miles. Post- route map and Walker map. 142 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. B. Babcock Brook. — ^Windsor County: rises in a swamp in the northwestern part of Hartland, at an altitude of about 1,000 feet; flows northward into Ottau- quechee River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 365 feet; length, 3 miles. Hanover sheet. Bachelor Brook. — Orleans County; a stream rising in the central part of the town of Holland and flowing northwestward into Stanstead, where it joins Johns River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. Bailey Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the western part of Reading, at an altitude of 1,960 feet; flows south of east 4 miles to Bailey Mills, where it joins Mill River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 910 feet. Woodstock sheet. Baker Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southeastern slope of Dutch Hill, north of Danby Pond, near the central part of the town of Danby, at an altitude of 1,500 feet above sea level; flows northward about 2 miles, then turns abruptly and flows east and southeast to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu Ri^'er to the St. Lawrence), 2 miles south of South Wallingford; length, 5^ miles; fall, 870 feet. Pawlet and Wallingford sheets. Baker Brook. — Windham County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Wardsboro, at an altitude of 1,640 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 8 miles to Williamsville in Newfane where it joins Marlboro Branch (tributary through West River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,120 feet. Londonderry, Wil- mington, and Brattleboro sheets. Bald Hill Pond. — Caledonia County; eastern part of the town of Westmore, at the head of Passumpsic River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. Baldwin Creek. — Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of Starksboro; flows westward into the northeastern part of Bristol Township, then southward into New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Ackworth; length, about 6 miles; fall between South Starksboro and Ackworth (3 J miles), 500 feet, of which about 400 feet occurs in the mile and a half just below South Starksboro; tributary, Beaver Brook. Middlebury sheet and Walker map. Ball Mountain Brook. — Windham County; rises on the southeast slope of Stratton Mountain in the town of Stratton, its headwaters including several streams starting 3,000 feet or more above sea level and flowing southeastward; from the eastern part of the town of Stratton the brook flows northeastward to Jamaica, where it joins West River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 12 miles; principal tributary. North Branch. Londonderry sheet. Ball Mountain Brook, North Branch. — Windham County; rises, at an altitude of 2,700 feet, on the north slope of Stratton Mountain in the town of Stratton; flows northeastward 1 mile into Winhall, Bennington County, then southeast- ward 6 miles into Jamaica, where it joins Ball Mountain Brook (tributary through West River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,740 feet. Londonderry sheet. Barber Pond. — Bennington County; central part of Pownal; area, 17 acres; alti- tude, 1,100 feet; inlet and outlet. South Stream, a branch of Walloomsac River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson). Bennington sheet. Barker Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Strafford; flows southeastward about 3 miles into Thetford , where it joins Ompom- panoosuc River (tributary to the Connecticut). Strafford sheet. Barnard Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the eastern part of Barnard, at an altitude of 1,620 feet; flows southeastward through the southwestern corner of Pomfret into the town of Woodstock, where it receives Gulf Stream, its largest branch; continues southward a mile and joins Ottauquechee River (tributary GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 143 to the Connecticut) about a mile north of Woodstock; numerous unnamed branches; length, 9 miles; fall, 950 feet. Woodstock sheet. Bartlbtt Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Stockbridge, at an altitude of 2,060 feet; flows northeastward to Tweed River half a mile above its confluence with White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 2 J miles; fall, 740 feet. Rochester and Milton sheets. Barton River. — Orleans County; rises in Runaway Pond in the southern part of Glover; flows northward across Glover, Barton, and the eastern comer of Irasburg to its entrance into Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) in Coventry; about 18 miles long; tributaries include Beaver Meadow, Roaring, Graves, Trout, and Alder brooks, Willoughby River (tributary from Willoughby Lake), and streams from Stones and Long ponds, Crystal Lake, and Brownington Pond. Geology of Vermont, 1861; Col ton map, Walker map, and post-route map. See Runaway Pond. Bashan Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises near the northern boundary of Windsor, at an altitude of 850 feet; flows southeast about IJ miles, then northeast about one- third of a mile into Connecticut River; fall, 550 feet. Hanover sheet. Basin Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the western part of Glastonbury, on the western slope of Green Mountains, at an altitude of 3,200 feet; flows southwest- ward about 3 miles into Furnace Brook, a branch of Walloomsac River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson) ; fall, 1, 960 feet. Bennington sheet. Batchellor Brook. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small eastward-flowing tributary of the Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. Batten Kill. — Bennington Cotmty; rises, as Mad Tom Brook, on the southern slope of Mount Tabor, at an altitude of 2,900 feet above sea level; flows southward and southwestward to East Dorset, where it takes the name of Batten Kill, and thence in general southwestward about 15 miles, then turns more to the west and crosses Wa<^liiQgton County, N. Y., to its junction with Hudson River. From source . to mouth following the major windings it measures more than 50 miles; its drainage basin comprises about 460 ^ square miles. The basin lies on the western slopes of the Green Mountains and in Washington Coimty is crossed by three minor ranges rxmning northeast and southwest. The ranges have steep slopes and are composed largely of slate rocks whose disintegration has given the high- lands a very fertile soil. The principal tributaries of Batten Kill are West Branch, Roaring Branch, Green River, Black Creek, and Whitaker Brook, the last-named being the outlet of Cossayuna Lake. The elevation of the stream at East Dorset is about 800 feet above sea level; at its mouth it is somewhat less than 100 feet, making the total fall below East Dorset 700 feet. The stream is subject to heavy freshets and rims of ice, but the high water quickly subsides. It is fed largely by springs and the dry-season flow is well sustained. It is one of the best mill streams tributary to the Hudson and much of the available power is developed. See Tenth Census, vol. 16; also Wall- ingford, Londondeny, Pawlet, Equinox, Cambridge, and Schuylerville sheets. Batten Kill, West Branch. — Bennington County; rises on the northern slope of Bear Moimtain, in the southeastern part of the town of Rupert, 2J miles south- west of Dorset, at an altitude of about 2, 500 feet above sea level ; flows eastward about 2 miles, then turns and flows southeastward to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to Hudson River) near Manchester Center; length, about 9 miles; fall, 1,800 feet, of which 1,600 feet occurs in the first 2 miles of course. Equinox sheet. Beautiful Lake. — See Caspian Lake. 1 Rafter, G. W., Hydrology of the State of New York: New York State Mus. Bull. 85, p. 266, 1905. 73175°— wsp 424—17 10 144 SURFACE WATERS. OP VERMONT. Beaver Branch. — ^Addison County; rises in the eastern part of Cornwall, at an ele- vation of 440 feet above sea level; flows southward about 2 miles, westward half a mile, and then northward 2^ miles to its jtmction with Lemon Fair River (trib- utary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 5 miles; fall, 310 fee*. Brandon sheet. Beaver Branch. — Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of Middlebiu-y, at an altitude of 520 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into Middlebury River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the S t. Lawrence) ; 1^ miles west of East Middlebury ; length, 2^ miles ; fall, 140 feet. Brandon sheet. Beaver Broox. — Addison County; rises on the eastern slope of Hogback Mountains, in the western part of Starksboro, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above sea level; flows southward about 3J miles to Baldwin Creek (tributary through New Haven River to Otter Creek and thus through Lake Champlain and Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 360 feet. Middlebmy sheet. Beaver Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the northwestern part of Jericho; flows northward into Lamoille River (tributary through Lake Champlain and Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 4 miles long. Walker map. Beaver Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northern part of West Windsor, at an altitude of 1,260 feet; flows southward into Mill River (tributary to the Connecti- cut); length, 4 J miles. Hanover sheet and Walker map. Beaver Meadow Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northern part of Fairfax; flows in a general southerly course to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 6 miles long; tributary, stream from Silver Lake. Colton map. Walker map, post-route map, and Milton sheet. Beaver Meadow Brook. — Orange County; rises in western part of the town of Ver- shire, at an altitude of 2,000 feet; flows southwest into Jenken Brook, tributary to East (First) Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Con- necticut); length, about 3 miles. Strafford sheet. Beaver Meadow Brook. — Orleans County; town of Glover; a small stream dis- charging into Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St, Lawrence) near Glover post office. Walker map. Beaver Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of the town of Holland; connec- ted by a short westward-flowing stream with Holland Pond, head of Holland Brook (tributary through Johns River to Lake Memphremagog and thus thi'ough Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. Beeee Pond. — Bennington County; southeastern part of Sunderland; 1 inlet; out- let, a stream one-foiu-th mile long flowing westward to South Alder Brook (tribu- tary through Roaring Branch to Batten Kill and thus to the Hudson); eleva- tion above sea level, 2,330 feet; fall of outlet, 60 feet. Equinox sheet. Beebe Pond. — Rutland County; north-central part of town of Hubbardton; inlet from Keeler Pond; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southward into Austin Pond (outlet to Bomoseen Lake and thus through Castleton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain, Richelieu River, and the St. Lawrence) area, 76 acres; elevation above sea level, 622 feet; fall of outlet, 154 feet. Castleton sheet. Bee Brook. — Rutland Coimty; a stream IJ miles long rising northwest of Bloodroot Moimtaia and flowing southwestward into Furnace Brook (tributary thi'ough Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Rochester sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 145 Beetle Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the eastern part of Troy; flows westward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Westfield; about 3 miles ong. Walker map. Benedict Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream draining the area between Big Spruce Mountain and The Ball, in the town of Arlington, and flow- ing northeastward into Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) between Arlington and West Ai'lington. Equinox sheet. Berlin Pond. — Washington County; southern part of town of Berlin; one inflowing stream; natural outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing northeastward to Stevens Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about IJ miles long; a source of water supply for the city of Montpelier. Colton map. Walker map, and post- route map. Bickford Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the Green Mountains in the western part of Glastonbury, at an altitude of 2,800 feet; flows west of south into Walloomsac Brook (River), a branch of Hoosic River (tributary to the Hud- son), in the northwestern part of Woodford; receives many small branches from the Green Mountains; fall, 1,500 feet; length, 5 miles. Bennington sheet. Bicknell Brook. — Orange County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Chelsea at an altitude of 1,800 feet; flows northwestward into East (First) Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 3 miles. Strafford sheet. Big Branch. — Rutland County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Mount Tabor, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows westerly to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Mount Tabor; length, about 7 miles; fall, 1,550 feet, of which 800 feet occurs in about 3 miles just below Griffith; principal tributary, Roaring Brook, wliich flows from Buffum Pond. WalUngford sheet. Big Fish Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of the town of Sutton; inlets from two small ponds; outlet, a short stream flowing westward into Blake Pond (outlet through Crystal Lake to Barton River and thus through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Big Pond.^ — -Bennington County; north-central part of Woodford; altitude, 2,263 feet; area, 29 acres; outlet, City Stream to Walloomsac Brook (River), a branch of the Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson). Bennington sheet. Bill Brook.— Windham County; rises in Ray Pond in the eastern part of the town of Wilmington; flows northwestward 2 J miles into North Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 250 feet. Wilmington sheet. Billings Pond. — Bennington County; a small pond in the northeastern part of Wood- ford; inlet and outlet, Rake Branch (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); altitude, 2,100 feet. Bennington sheet. Bingham Brook. — Chittenden County; rises 1^ miles southwest of East Charlotte, at an altitude of 330 feet above sea level; flows northward into Mud Hollow Brook (tributary through La Platte River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 2 miles; fall, 60 feet. Burlington sheet. BiNNEY Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the northwestern part of Wilmington, on the southern slope of Haystack Mountain; flows southeasterly about 3^ miles into North Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut) in the west central part of Wilmington. Wilmington sheet. Black Branch. — Essex Coimty; rises in the eastern part of the town of Lewis; flows in a southerly direction about 10 miles into Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the northern part of the town of Brunswick; called Logger Brook 146 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. between the mouth of Averill Brook and the West Branch; drainage area, approxi- mately 25 square miles; principal tributary, West Branch, which drains Lewis Pond. Walker map and private surveys. Black Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the southwestern part of Sunderland, at an altitude of 2,120 feet above sea level; flows southward 1 mile to its junction with Fay ville Branch (tributary through Roaring Branch to Batten Kill and thus to the Hudson); fall, ^0 feet. Eqtdnox sheet. Black Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the eastern part of the town of Sunderland, at an altitude of 2,600 feet above sea level; flows south- eastward 4 miles into East Branch of Deei^field River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 440 feet. Equinox and Londonderry sheets. Black Creek. — Franklin County; rises in Metcalf Pond, in the northern part of Fletcher; flows southeastward into the northern part of Cambridge, where it turns abruptly and flows northward and northwestward, passing across Fletcher, the southwestern corner of Bakersfield, and the northeastern part of Fairfield to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Sheldon; about 20 miles long; principal tributaries, Fairfield River, Cedar Swamp Brook, and streams from Trout Lake and Fairfield Pond. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Black Pond. — Essex County; town of Brighton; outlet, a short stream flowing south- westward into Island Pond, the head of Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Black Pond. — ^Windsor County; in the northwestern part of Plymouth; altitude, 1,370 feet; inlet, a stream from Plymouth Pond; outlet, Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); small. Rutland sheet. Black River. — Orleans County; rises in EUgo Pond, in the western part of the town of Greensboro; flows northwestward to North Craftsbury, where its course becomes first northerly and then northeasterly, in which direction it crosses Albany, Iras- burg, and Coventry to Newport, where it enters Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 26 miles long; principal tributaries, Seaver, Lord, Mill, and Chamberlain brooks. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Black River. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises on Shrewsbury Peak, at an altitude of 3,200 feet above sea level, in the northeastern part of the town of Shrewsbury, Rutland County, and flows southeasterly, crossing Plymouth, Cavendish, and Weathersfield, and discharging into Connecticut River in the southern part of the town of Springfield. The river is remarkable for the number of natural ponds in its course, and it furnishes power for manufacturing in Ludlow, Proctorsville, Cavendish, Perkinsville, and Springfield. Among the ponds in the drainage basin are two bearing the name "Plymouth," one in the northwestern part of the town of Plymouth and the other in the southeastern; length, 35 miles; branches named on Walker map are Tinker, Great Roaring, Buffalo, Money, Little Roaring, and Sewell brooks, and Twenty-mile Stream; ponds. Black, Plymouth (2), Reading, Horton, and Patch's. Walker map and Rutland and Woodstock sheets. Blake Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of the town of Sutton, near the base of Mount Horr; the largest of a group of small ponds connected by short streams; outlet, a stream 4 miles long flowing northwestward into Crystal Lake (outlet to Barton River and thus through Lake Memphremagog and Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Blake Pond. — See Silver Lake. GA2ETTEEB OF STEEAMS. 147 Blind Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Glastonbury at an altitude of 2,960 feet; flows south of east into a headwater tributary of Deer- field River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 860 feet; length, 2^ miles. Ben- nington sheet. Bliss Pond. — Washington. County; IJ miles south of Curtis Pond, in western part of Calais; outlet, eastward to Kingsbury Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Bloody Brook. — Orange County; rises in the eastern part of the town of West Fair- lee; flows west of south about 3 miles into Fairlee Lake (outlet through Ompom- panoosuc River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Bloody Brook. — Windsor County; rises on Gile Moimtain, at an altitude of 1,600 feet above sea level, in the northern part of the town of Norwich; flows south- easterly 8 miles to its junction with Connecticut River at Lewiston;.fall, 1,280 feet, of which only 100 feet is below Norwich; principal tributaries. New Boston, Charles Brown, and Brag brooks. Strafford and Hanover sheets. Blue Brook. — Windham County; rises in southeastern part of the town of Stratton at an altitude 2,600 feet above sea level; flows southeasterly 5 miles into North Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 840 feet.' Wilmington sheet. Bog Brook. — Essex Coimty; formed by Umpire and Mill brooks which unite in the central part of the town of Victory; flows southeastward 1 mile into Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. BoGUES Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the eastern part of Bakersfield; flows northwestward to its junction with Tylers Branch (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near West Enosbxug; about 6 miles long. Walker map. Bolles Brook. — See Walloomsac River. BoMOSEEN Lake. — Rutland County; southern part of Hubbardton and western part of Castleton; inlets. Sucker Brook and streams from a number of small ponds and lakes; outlet, a stream one-fourth mile long flowing southwestward to Castleton River (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Hydeville; elevation above sea level, 413 feet; fall of outlet, about 35 feet; extreme length of lake, 7J miles; maximum width, about IJ miles; area, 2,450 acres; contains several islands; upper end swampy; receives overflow from Austin Pond (which drains Beebe, Keeler, and Roach ponds), Half Moon Pond, and Glen Lake. Brandon and Castleton sheets. Borden Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Hancock, east of the source of Grindstone Brook, and flows north into West Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) ; length, about 2 miles. Walker map and Rochester sheet. Bourn Brook. — Bennington County; rises in Bourn Pond, in the northeastern part of the town of Sunderland, at an altitude of 2,500 feet above sea level; flows some- what east of north 2 miles and then takes a northwesterly course to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) half a mile south of Manchester Center; length, about 6 miles; fall, 1,800 feet, of which 1,300 feet occurs within 1^ miles in its middle course. Londonderry and Equinox sheets. Bourn Pond. — Bennington County; northeastern part of Sunderland; one inlet; outlet. Bourn Brook to Batten Kill (tributary to Hudson River); elevation above sea, 2,500 feet; fall of outlet, 1,800 feet. Equinox sheet. Bowleys Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of Coventry; outlet, a stream half a mile long flowing southward to Daggetts Pond (tributary through Black River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. 148 SUEPACE WATERS OF VEEMONT. Brackett Brook. — ^Addison and Orange counties; a small eastward-flowing stream tributary to the Third Branch of ^^liite River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) in the town of Braintree. Rochester sheet. Bradley Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the western part of Warren; flows eastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Walker map. Brag Brook. — Windsor Coimty; rises in the southern part of the town of Norwich; flows eastward 1 mile, then southeastward IJ miles into Bloody Brook (tributary to the Connecticut) at the village of Norwich. Hanover sheet. Branch Pond. — Bennington County; eastern part of Sunderland; outlet, Branch Pond Brook to Roaring Branch (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson); area, 28 acres; elevation above sea level, 2,630 feet. Equinox sheet. Branch Pond Brook. — Bennington County; rises in Branch Pond, in the eastern part of Sunderland; at an altitude of 2,630 feet above sea level; flows south- westward 2^ miles to its junction with Roaring Brajach (tributary tlu:ough Batten Kill to Hudson River); fall, 530 feet. Equinox sheet. Branch Pond Stream. — Essex County; rises in the eastern part of the town of East Haven; flows southeastward 5 miles, then eastward and northeastward 2 miles to its junction with Paul Stream (tributary to Connecticut River) in the southeastern part of the town of Ferdinand. Walker map. Brandon Brook. — Addison, Windsor, and Rutland counties; rises in the southern part of the town of Goshen at an altitude of about 2,700 feet; flows in a general northeasterly direction and joins West Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) at the village of Robinson; length, about 7 miles; fall, 1,700 feet; principal tributary. Smith Brook. Rochester sheet. Brandy Brook. — Addison County; rises in the eastern part of Ripton; flows south- westward to Middlebury River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 8 miles long. Colton map. Walker map, and Rochester sheet. Breakneck Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the western part of the town of Bethel, at an altitude of 1,800 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction 3^ miles to White River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,040 feet. Rochester sheet. Bridgewater Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Bridge- water, at an altitude of 1,920 feet; flows easterly into Gulf Stream (tributary through Barnard Brook to Ottauquechee River and thus to the Connecticut) in the northwestern corner of Woodstock; fall, 1,100 feet; length, 3J miles. Wood- stock sheet. Bristol Pond. — ^Addison County; northern part of Bristol; several small inflowing streams, two of which come from the western slopes of Hogback Mountains ; outlet. Pond Brook to Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, about 470 feet; fall of outlet, 140 feet; pond is about half a mile wide by three-fourths mile long; area, 196 acres; swampy to the north, south, and west. Middlebury sheet. Brittain Brook, North. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Hubbardton, at an elevation of 1,200 feet above sea level ; takes a southerly and southwesterly course to its junction with Castleton River (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Castleton; length, about 7 miles; total fall, 790 feet, of which 300 feet occurs in a little more than a mile at the head of the stream. Castleton sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 149 Broad Brook. — ^Windham County; formed in the north-central part of the town of Guilford by two branches, one draining the southwestern corner of Brattleboro and the northwestern corner of Guilford, and the other the central part of GuH- ford; from the junction north of Guilford Center the brook flows southeastward IJ miles, then northeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River in the northeastern part of Vernon; length, to head of longest tributary, 8 miles. Brattleboro sheet. Broad Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Barnard; flows northward, eastward, then northward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the western part of the town of Sharon; length, 5 miles. Walker map and Woodstock and Strafford sheets. Broad Brook. — See Hale Hollow Brook. Brook River. — Orange Coimty; town of Vershire. See Ompompanoosuc River. Brooks Pond. — Essex County; central part of the town of Concord; outlet. Minks Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. Brouillard Brook. — Essex County; a stream about 14 miles long, rising in the western part of the town of Lemington; floats in a southwesterly direction across the southern corner of the town of Averill to the East Branch of Nulhegan River (tributary through Nulhegan River to the Connecticut). Walker map and pri- vate surveys. Brown Brook. — Windsor County; town of Stockbridge; a stream about 1\ miles long, rising on the northeastern slope of South Hill, at an altitude of 1,600 feet, and flowing northeasterly to Tweed River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut); fall, 850 feet. Rochester sheet. Brownington Pond. — Orleans County; on line between Salem and Brownington; two small inflowing streams; outlet, a stream 3 miles long flowing westward into Barton River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Browns River. — Chittenden County; rises on the western slope of the Green Moun- tains, in the eastern part of Underhill; flows westward about 9 miles into the town of Essex, where it turns and flows northward to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus tlirough Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), in the town of Fairfax, Franklin County; about 20 miles long; principal tributaries, Clay, Mill, and Roaring brooks. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Bruce Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of the town of Sheffield; outlet, a stream about 3 miles long flowing southeasterly into Millers Run (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Buck Pond. — ^Washington County; northern part of Woodbury; outlet southward by Kingsbury Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about three-fourths mile long. Walker map. Buffalo Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in Reading Pond, on the boundary line between Reading and Plymouth, and flows southwestward into Plymouth Pond, which discharges into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. BuFFUM Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Mount Tabor; outlet by Roaring Brook to Big Branch (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 11 acres; elevation above sea level, 2,650 feet; fall of outlet, more than 1,000 feet in about 4 miles. Wallingford sheet. BuGBEE Brook.— Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Jay; flows north of east into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Troy Township; 2^ miles long. Walker map. 150 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Burleson Pond. — Franklin County; western part of Berkshire; inlet, Pike River; outlet, Pike River to Franklin Pond (outlet to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. BuRNELL Pond. — Rutland County; near Forestdale, in northeastern part of Bran- don; one inlet; outlet, a stream one-eighth mile long flowing southward to Neshobe River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 480 feet; fall of outlet, about 10 feet. Brandon sheet. BuRNSiDE Brook. — Essex County; rises between Hubbard Hill and Burnside Moun- tain in the northern part of the town of Guildhall; flows southeastward into Gas- kill Brook (tributary to Connecticut River); about 3 miles long. Walker map. Burr Pond. — Rutland County; southeastern part of Pittsford; outlet, a stream nearly half a mile long flowing south of east into East Creek (tributary through. Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 1,170 feet; fall of outlet, 180 feet. Rut- land sheet. Burr Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of town of Sudbury; inlets, from from Huff and Hinkum ponds; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southwest- ward to Horton Pond (tributary through Hubbardton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); ele- vation above sea level, 512 feet; area, 73 acres; fall of outlet, 28 feet. Brandon sheet. Bush Pond.- — ^Windsor County; in the northeastern part of Sharon; small; swampy; inlets, two small streams; outlet, a stream about three-fourths of a mile long, flowing into Qviation Brook, a branch of White River (tributary to the Connec- ticut). Strafford sheet. Butler Pond. — ^Rutland County; location, sovithwestern part of Pittsford; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southward to Castleton River (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu RiA'^er to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 650 feet; very small. Castleton sheet. Button Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Springfield; flows south into Connecticut River in the southeastern part of Springfield just north of the junction of Black River with the Connecticut; length, about 4 miles. Walker map. C. Calendar Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northern part of the town of Sheffield; flows southeastward 12 miles into West Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Post-route map. Camden Valley Creek. — Bennington County; rises in the western part of Sandgate, at an altitude of about 1,500 feet above sea level; takes a general southwesterly coiurse to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) in Salem, Washington County, N. Y.; length, about 7 miles; fall, about 1,000 feet, of which 700 feet occurs within 2^ miles at the head of the creek; principal tributary, West Camden Creek. Equinox and Cambridge sheets. Camp Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the western part of the town of Bethel; flows southeastward to its junction with Third Branch of White River (tributary to White River and thus to the Connecticut) ; length, about 5 miles. Walker map. Canee Brook. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small eastward-flowing tribu- tary of Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Con- necticut). Rochester sheet. Canoe Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southwestern part of Putney, at an altitude of 1,200 feet; flows southeastward through Putney and the northeastern part of Dummerston, where it turns abruptly and flows north about one-third of a mile into Connecticut River; fall, 970 feet; length, about 6^ miles. Brattleboro sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 151 Carman Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the south-central part of the town of Highgate; flows northward into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Rock River Bay; about 3 miles long. St. Albans sheet. Caryl Brook. — ^Rutland County; rises on the eastern slope of Mount Carmel at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows in an easterly direction 4 miles to its junction with West Branch of Tweed River (tributary thi-ough White River to the Connecticut) at Bayonne Camp; fall, 1,400 feet. Rochester sheet. Caspian (or Beautiful) Lake. — Orleans County; southern part of Greensboro; several small inflowing streams; outlet, Greensboro Brook to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Law- rence); about 1^ miles long by 1 mile wide. Colton map. Walker map, and post- route map. Castle Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the southeastern part of Glastonbury, at an altitude of 2,600 feet; flows eastward about a mUe, then northeastward about 2 miles into Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; fall, 660 feet. Bennington and Wilmington sheets. Castleton RrvER. — ^Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Pittsford, at an altitude of 630 feet above sea level; flows 7 miles east of south, then turns abruptly and flows westward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) a mile west of Fair Haven; total length, about 20 miles; fall, 340 feet; tributaries, Gully Brook, North Brittain Brook, and outlet stream from Bomoseen Lake, which is the largest lake in the drainage basin. Of this river Hitchcock saysi^ "It seems remarkable that this small stream should rise east of a range of mountains 1,000 feet high, and, after flowing to the south for 7 miles, suddenly bend its course at right angles and cut through the mountain; especially when an obstruction of a few feet in the gorge would divert the stream southeast to Otter Creek at Rutland. As this gorge runs east and west, contrary to the most usual direction of excavated valleys in the State, and as it is in the region of ciurious and gigantic disturbances of the underlying strata, we can but suspect that this valley through [West Rutland and] Ira has been formed in some other way than by erosion. Perhaps it originated in a fault among the metamorphic schists. ' ' Brandon, Castleton, and Whitehall sheets. Catsbow Brook. — Essex County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Granby; flows east of south 6 miles into Connecticut River in the northeastern part of the town of Lunenburg. Walker map and Whitefield sheet. Cedar Swamp Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southwestern part of Fairfield; flows somewhat east of north about 6 miles, then turns and flows northeast, then east to its junction with Black Creek (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at St. Rocks; about 9 miles long; tributary from Fairfield Pond. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Center Pond. — Caledonia County; the central part of the town of Newark; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southward into Passumpsic River (tributary to Coimecticut River) . Walker map . Chalmers Brook. — Orange County; rises in the western part of town of Newbury; flows southeastward 10 miles into Connecticut River. Walker map. On Colton map, 1864, called "Hall's Brook" above mouth of Whiting Brook, the name "Whiting Brook" being applied to the stream flowing into the Connecticut. 1 Hitchcock, Edward, Eager, A. D., Hitchcock, Edward, jr., and Hitchcock, C. H., Report on the geology of Vermont: Descriptive, theoretical, economical, and scenographical, vol. 1, p. 129, 1861. 152 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Chamberlain Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of Newport; flows southeastward, then northeastward into Black River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Law- rence) in L:asburg; about 4 miles long. Colton map and V\^alker map. Champlain, Lake. — In northeastern New York and northwestern Vermont (the boundary between the two States passing through the center of the lake) and a very small part in southern Quebec; outlet, Richelieu River, which flows north- ward from Rouses Point, on the international boundary, to the St. Lawrence; elevation of water surface above sea level at ordinary stage, 95 feet; area of water sm-face, 436 square miles; drainage area at mouth of lake, including water sur- face, 8,130 square miles; drainage area in Vermont, except islands, 4,428 square miles. The lake occupies a valley lying between the Green Mountain range on the east and the Adirondacks on the west. The valley is irregular in form, being about 75 miles wide from a point opposite Middlebury, Vt. , northward to Rouses Point, and having an average width of about 35 miles south of Middlebury. The lake itself is somewhat more than 100 miles long and is narrow. For 40 miles above Whitehall, N. Y., it is nowhere more than a mile wide and in most places not more than a quarter of a mile, forming virtually a drowned river. Opposite Port Henry, at the point on which stands the pre- Revolutionary Fort Frederick, it offsets sharply to the west and then resumes with increasing width its northerly course. In the widest part, which is just north of Burlington, Vt., 10 miles of clear water intervenes between shore and shore. The northern end contains many islands, both large and small. The depth in the northern part of the lake is in general 200 to 300 feet, but south of Fort Frederick it is much less. The region tributary to Lake Champlain is very rugged and the soil is shallow except in the stream vaUeys. On the west the foothills of the Adirondacks extend in one or two places down to the water, but in most places the main ridges lie 10 to 25 miles back from the shore. On the Vermont side the slopes are less rugged than those on the New York side, and the surface ascends gradually from the lake shore to the summits of the Green Mountains, 20 miles or more away. The entire region is picturesque and beautiful in the highest degree. The drainage to the lake is principally tlnrough large tributaries, including Big Chazy, Saranac, Au Sable, and Bouquet rivers and the Lake George Outlet from the New York side ; principal tributaries from the Vermont side (head of lake to foot — that is, south to north), Mettawee River (headwaters only in Vermont), Poultney River, Otter Creek, Little Otter Creek, Lewis Creek, Thorpe Brook, Home Creek, La Platte River, Mom'oe Brook, Potash Brook, Winooski (Onion) River, Indian Brook, Dry Brook, Malletts Brook, Lamoille River, Stone Bridge Brook, Mill River, Stevens Brook, Charcoal Creek, Missisquoi River, Sucker Brook, Mud Creek, Eel Brook, and Rock River. The entire surface of the lake freezes over nearly every winter, though the wider portions are usually not closed by ice until late in January and in some years not until February and then for only a few days. Ga.ges have been maintained on the lake at Burlington and on Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery. At the latter place records of gage heights have been kept by the United States Engineer Corps since 1875. Surveys and data: Report on the Geology of Vermont: Descriptive, theo- retical, economical, and scenographical, by Edward Hitchcock, Albert D. Hager, Edward Hitchcock, jr., and Charles H. Hitchcock, 2 vols., 1861; Report of the Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic tidewaters, 1900; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Papers 36, 65, 82, 97, 129, 170, 206, 244, 264, 284, 304, 324, 354, 384, 404, and 434; topographic map of the United States, U. S. Geol. Survey atlas sheets, as follows: Rouses Point, Plattsburg, GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 153 Willsboro, Port Henry, Ticonderoga, Whitehall, Castleton, Brandon, Middle- hury, Burlington, Milton, and St. Albans. Chandler Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of the town of Wheelock; out- let, a stream less than a mile long, flowing northeastward into West Brook (tribu- tary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Charcoal Creek. — Franklin County; town of Highgate; a sloughlike channel in the marsh on Hog Island, west of Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. Charles Brown Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the western part of the town of Norwich; flows southward 5 miles into Bloody Brook (tributary to to Connecti- cut). Strafford and Hanover sheets. Chase Brook. — Caledonia County; a stream about 2 miles long, rising in the western part of the town of Danville and flowing westward into Joes Brook (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) in the southern part of the town of Walden. Walker map. Chases Pond. — ^Windham County; eastern part of the town of Somerset; three in- flowing streams, one of which, the East Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut), is also the outlet; now known as Somerset reservoir of the New England Power Co. ; a dam 110 feet high, com- pleted in 1913, gives a storage capacity of 2,500,000,000 cubic feet at crest of spillway; elevation, 2,143 feet; drainage area above the dam, 30 square miles, including 3 square miles of water surface when reservoir is full. Walker map; shown but not named on Wilmington sheet. Chittenden Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northern part of the town of Chittenden at an altitude of 3,000 feet; flows in a general north- easterly direction to its junction with Brandon Brook (tributary to White River and thus to the Connecticut); length, 4J miles; fall, 1,800 feet. Rochester sheet. Choate Pond. — Addison County ; southeastern part of town of Orwell ; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing southward to Little Pond (outlet through Hubbard- ton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 825 feet; fall of outlet, 323 feet. Ticonderoga she, t. City Stream. — Bennington County; rises in Big Pond, north of Prospect Mountain, at an altitude of 2,263 feet; flows south, west, and northwest through central Woodford into Wallr>omsac Brook (tributary through Walloomsac River to Hoosic River and thus to ^he Hudson) in the northwestern part of Woodford; chief branch, Stamford Stream; fall, 1,093 feet; length, 5^ miles. Bennington sheet' Clarendon River. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the town of Danby, at an altitude of 1,220 feet above sea level; flows northward through the towns of Tinmouth and Clarendon to a point near West Rutland, where it turns and flows northeastward to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Center Rutland; length, about 15 miles; fall, 720 feet; principal tributary, Ira Brook. In Tinmouth, where much of its course is bordered by swamp, it is called Tinmouth Channel, and in Hitchcock's report on the geology of Vermont (1861) it is referred to as Tinmouth River. Pawlet and Castleton sheets. Clark Brook. — ^Addison County; town of Granville: a small stream entering White River (tributary to the Connecticut) from the north near West Hill School. Rochester sheet. Clark Brook. — Addison County; town of Granville; a stream 1§ miles long flowing southwestward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) north of Lower Granville. Rochester sheet. 154 SUEFACE WATERS OF VEEMONT. Clark Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of Spruce Knob, in the eastern part of the town of Poultney, at an altitude of 1,700 feet above sea level; flows southwestward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 2| miles; total fall, 1,120 feet; tributary, Hampshire Hollow Brook. Cas- tleton sheet. Clark Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of the town of Newark; connected with West Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) by a southwestward-fiowing stream 1| miles long. Walker map. Clarks Pond. — Orleans County; southeastern part of Glover; inlet, Barton River from Runaway Pond; outlet, Barton River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet, Magog River to St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence); about half a mile long. Walker map and Colton map. See Runaway Pond. Clay Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of Underhill; flows northwestward in to Browns River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Walker map. Clay Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the western part of Warren; flows east- ward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long; tributary Sterling Brook. Colton map and Walker map. Clear Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing southward to Green River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence). Colton map and Walker map. Clough Brook. — Essex County; rises in the western part of the town of Lemington; flows southeastward 6 miles and enters Connecticut River in the eastern part of Bloomfield. Walker map. Clyde River. — Essex and Orleans counties; rises in Island Pond in the town of Brighton; flows northwestward 20 miles to Newport, where it enters Lake Mem- phremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawi'ence); many natural ponds; several artificial ponds could be created; principal tribu- tary. Mill River, the outlet of Seymour Lake, in Morgan, and Echo Pond, Charleston; fed also by many small brooks. The river affords excellent power sites, and many power plants are already in place. Gaging station at West Derby, 1909-1916. Walker map and U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, p. 121, 1910. CoATicooK River. — Orleans County, Vt., and Stanstead County, Quebec; rises in a small pond in the western part of the town of Norton, Vt.; flows southeastward 6 miles to the head of Norton Pond, from the northern end of which it takes a general northerly course to its junction with Massawippi River (tributary through St. Francis River to the St. Lawrence) in Sherbrooke County, Quebec; about 35 miles long, of which 10 miles is in Vermont; principal tributary from Vermont, Averill Stream. Walker map and Carte R^gionale No. 5 of Quebec. Cobb Brook. — Orleans County; rises in a small pond in the northern part of the town of Salem; flows southwestward into Lake Memphremagog (tributary through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 5 miles long. Walker map. Cobb Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southwestern, part of the town of Windham; flows southward into West River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the northeastern part of the town of Jamaica; length, 3^ miles. Londonderry sheet. CoBURN Pond. — Caledonia County, northeastern part of the town of Ryegate; very small. Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS, 155 CoGGMAN Creek. — Rutland County; rises neai' the west-central part of the town of Benson, at an altituds of 480 feet above sea level; flows in a general southwesterly- course to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of West Haven; length, about? miles; fall, 360 feet; tributary from Root Pond. Whitehall sheet. CoGGMAN PONDS (3). — Rutland County; east of Bald Mountain, in southern part of West Haven; two of the ponds connected by short channels with East Bay, through which Poultney River flows to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); the third and most southerly is a continuation of the swampy area on the west side of East Bay. Elevation above sea level, somewhat more than 100 feet, the 120-foot contour being above all three ponds. Wliitehall sheet. CoiTs Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Cabot; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing southward to West HUl Pond on Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Possibly this pond might be considered the head of the Winooski. Walker map and Col ton map. Colchester Pond. — Chittenden County; eastern pai't of Colchester; outlet from south end by Pond Brook to Malletts Brook (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Col ton map, Walker map, and Milton sheet. Cold Brook. — Essex Coimty; a stream about a mile long, rising on the north slope - of Miles Mountain (called "Niles" on Colton map, 1864); flows northwestward into Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) in the southern part of the town of Victory. Walker map. Cold Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 2 miles long, flowing eastward into Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to White River and thus to the Connecticut) in the western part of the town of Brookfield. Walker map. Cold Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the western part of the town of Dover at an altitude 2,800 feet above sea level; flows southeasterly 5 miles into North Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,220 feet; principal tributary. Haystack Brook. Wilmington sheet. Cold Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Bethel at an altitude of 2,200 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction and joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) 1 mile below the mouth of Breakneck Brook; length, 3 miles; fall, 1,450 feet. Rochester sheet. Cold Hollow Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northwestern part of Averys Gore; flows northwestward into Tylers Branch (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) in the southeastern part of the town of Enosburg; about 3 miles long. Walker map. Cold River. — Rutland County; rises near North Shrewsbury, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows south westward about 2 miles, then turns abruptly and takes a general northwesterly and westerly course to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 2 miles south of Rutland; length, about 12 miles; fall, 1,670 feet, of which 600 feet occiu- in the first 2 miles; lower course lies through a broad, open valley; many small tributaries, but only one — Mendon Brook — ^is named on map. Rutland sheet. Coles Brook. — Orleans Coimty; a small stream rising in the northwestern part of Morgan and flowing westward into Salem Pond (tributary thi'ough Clyde River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. 156 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Coles Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Walden; inlet, from Stannard Pond; outlet, Joea Brook to Passumpsic River (tributary to the Con- necticut). Walker map. Collins Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; no outlet shown on map. Walker map. Colts Pond. — Orange County; west-central part of the town of Brookfield; inlets, from Lampson, North, and South ponds; outlet, to Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to White River and thus to the Connecti- cut). Col ton map. Connecticut River. — Rises in Connecticut lakes in northern New Hampshire; flows southward between New Hampshire and Vermont, and across Massachusetts and Connecticut, into Long Island Sound; length, about 345 miles; drainage area, 11,300 square miles, of which 3,970 square miles is in Vermont; principal tribu- taries from Vermont are the Nulhegan, Passumpsic, Wells, Waits, Ompompanoo- suc, White, Ottauquechee, Black, Williams, Saxtons, and West rivers. Deerfleld River enters below the State line but drains an area of 316 square miles in Vermont. Fall from Connecticut lakes to the Vermont-Massachusetts State line, about 1,710 feet. Large power developments at Wilder and Vernon. Gaging station at Orford, N. H. (Fairlee, Vt.), 1900-1916. The following topographic maps are available, covering a portion of the area drained by the Connecticut River in Vermont: Greylock, Hawley, Greenfield, Warwick, Wilmington, Brattleboro, Keene, Londonderry, Wallingford, Rutland, Woodstock, Hanover, Rochester, Strafford, and Wliitefield sheets. See Report on water power of the United States, Tenth Census, vol. 16, pp. 46-135, 1885; also pp. 111-116 of this report. Cooks Pond. — ^Windsor County; very small; eastern part of Weathersfield, dis- charging by a stream about 3 miles long flowing southeastward into the Connecti- cut. Walker map. Copperas Brook. — Orange Coimty; a stream about 1 mile long draining a small area in the southeastern part of the town of Strafford, flowing northeastward and dis- charging into West Branch of the Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut) near Copper Flat. Strafford sheet. CoRBBTT Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream draining a part of the northwestern slope of Equinox Mountain and flowing northwestward into Green River (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) at the village of Bear- town. Equinox sheet. Corey Pond. — Lamoille and Orleans coimties; on line between Eden, Lamoille County, and Lowell, Orleans County; outlet by West Brook to Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); very small. Walker map. Corporation Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Chittenden at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows east 1 mile and then northeast 3 miles to West Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecti- cut); fall, 1,570 feet. Rochester sheet. Cow Mountain Pond. — Essex County; southern part of the town of Granby; outlet, Pond Brook to Granby Stream (tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. Cox Brook. — ^^Vashington County; rises in south-central part of Moretown; flows southeastward into Dog River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Gouldsville, in the town of Northfield; about 5 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Coy Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southern slopes of The Pinnacle, in the town of Wells, at an altitude of 1,440 feet above sea level; flows northward to its junction with South Brook (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 3 miles; total fall, 640 feet. Pawlet sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 157 Crams Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Chel- sea; flows southeasterly into East (First) Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 5|- miles. Strafford sheet. Cranberry Meadow Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Calais; about IJ miles northwest of Wheelock Pond; no outlet shown on Walker map. Cranberry Pond. — Essex County; western part of the town of Brunswick; outlet, a stream IJ miles long flowing west and north into Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecticut) opposite the mouth of the Yellow Branch. Walker map. Crolys Pond. — See Proper Pond. Crystal Brook. — Addison County; town of Hancock; a stream about a mile long flowing south westward into South Branch of Middlebury River (tributary through Middlebury River to Otter Creek and thus through Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part of the town of Ripton. Rochester sheet. Crystal Lake. — Orleans County; town of Barton; two inflowing streams, one of which drains May Pond and the other a group of small ponds in the northwestern part of the town of Sutton; outlet, a short stream flowing westward into Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long and three-quarters of a mile wide. Walker map. Curtis Hollow Brook. — ^Windsor Coxmty; rises in the northwestern part of Read- ing, at an altitude of 2,020 feet; flows northward about 3 J miles into Ottauque- chee River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,220 feet. Woodstock heet. . Curtis Pond. — Washington County; western part of Calais; outlet southeastward to the stream connecting Wheelocks Pond with Kingsbmy Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Col ton map and Walker map. Cutler Pond. — Franklin Coimty; northern part of Highgate; outlet eastward to Rock River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and St. Albans sheet. Cutter Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the southern part of Williamstown, discharging by a stream flowing northward to Stevens Branch of Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence). Walker map. D. Daggetts Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of Coventry; inlets, from Bowleys and Kinneys ponds; outlet, a stream about 4 miles long flowing east and then south to B lack River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. Colton map. Danby Pond. — Rutland County; near central part of town of Danby; outlet, a stream 1\ miles long flowing southward to Mill Brook (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); elevation above sea level, 1,390 feet; fall of outlet, 150 feet; pond is somewhat less than half a mile in maximum length and about three-eighths of a mile wide. Pawlet sheet. Daniels Pond. — Orleans County; town of Glover; IJ miles north of west from Stones Pond; one inlet; outlet through Stones Pond to Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Day Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the eastern part of Colchester; flows northwestward into Malletts Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet by Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; ',bout 2 miles long. Walker map. 158 SUBPACE WATERS OF VEEMONT. Dead Creek.— Addison County; formed in the eoutliem part of Addison by the union of its East and West branches ; East Branch, which drains the larger area, and is therefore considered the main stream, rises in the southern part of Brid- port, at an altitude of 240 feet, and flows northward to the point at which it joins West Branch; beyond this junction Dead Creek continues to flow northward until it joins Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 82 miles northwest of Vergennes; length to head of East Branch, about 20 miles; fall, very small, as the 120-foot contour closely borders the swamp through which it flows below the junction of the branches. Port Henry and Ticonderoga sheets. Dead Creek, East Branch. — Addison Covmty; rises in the southern part of Brid- port, at an altitude of 240 feet above sea level; flows irregularly northward about 10 miles to its junction with the West Branch to form Dead Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawi'ence) in the town of Addison; total fall, about 120 feet; flows through swamp except for about 2 miles in middle course. Ticonderoga and Port Henry sheets. Dead Creek, West Branch. — Addison County; rises in the southern part of Brid- port, at an altitude of 240 feet above sea level, about 1| miles northwest of the head of the East Branch; flows northward very irregularly about 9 miles into the southern part of the town of Addison, where it unites with the East Branch to form Dead Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 120 feet, of which 60 feet occurs in a little more than a mile near the head of the stream. Ticonderoga and Port Hemy sheets. Dead Creek. — FrankUn County; a stream rising in the northwestern part of the town of Fairfax, flowing northeastward through a swamp in western Fairfield, and joining the creek connecting Fairfield Pond with Black River (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. Dead Creek. — Frankhn County; town of Highgate; a sloughlike channel in the marsh north of Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. Dead Pond. — Lamoille County; western part of the town of Eden; no outlet shown on Walker map. Deer Cabin Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the south- eastern part of Glastenb;u"y, at an altitude of 2,600 feet; flows northeastward about 2 miles and southeastward less than a mile into one of the headwater tribu- taries of Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 570 feet; several small branches. Bennington sheet. Deerfield River. — Windham and Bennington counties, Vt., and Berkshire and Frankhn 'counties, Mass.; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Sunder- land, Vt.; follows a general southeasterly course to its junction with the Con- necticut near Greenfield, Mass.; length, above the Massachusetts State line, about 30 miles; below the Massachusetts line, 42 miles. Gaging stations: At Hoosac Tunnel, 1909-1913; at Charlemont, 1913-1916; at Shelburne Falls, 1907- 1916; at Deerfield, 1904-5. The most important tributaries in Vermont are the East Branch, which enters at Searsburg; the North Branch, which comes in at Wilmington, and the West Branch, which joins at Readsboro. The basin is in large part wooded, and httle land is under cultivation except along the lower stretches. Most of the slopes are steep, and elevations in the upper part of the basin exceed 3,800 feet above sea level. Mean annual pre- cipitation at the headwaters, probably about 48 inches; in the lower part of the basin it is several inches less; average depth of snowfall in January and Feb- ruary at Jacksonville, Vt., about 25 inches; mean temperature for these months, GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 159 about 18°. Eqmnox, Londonderry, Bennington, Wilmington, Hawley, and Greenfield sheets. Deerpield River, East Branch. — Windham and Bennington counties; rises on the southwest slope of Stratton Mountain, at an altitude of 2,660 feet above sea level; flows southward through Somerset into the northeastern part of Searsburg, where it joins Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 15 miles; fall, 860 feet; principal tributaries, Black and Pond brooks. Londonderry and Wilmington sheets. Deerfield River, North Branch. — ^Windham and Bennington coimties; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Dover, at an altitude of 2,860 feet above sea level; flows southeastward to the northern part of the town of Wilmington, thence southward, southwestward, and westward to its junction with Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 14 miles; fall, 1,340 feet; principal tributaries, Blue, ElHs, Bill, and Cole brooks. Wilmington sheet. Deerfield River, West Branch. — ^Bennington County; rises in the east-central part of Woodford on the eastern slope of Prospect Mountain, at an altitude of 2,380 feet above sea level; flows southwestward about a mile, then southeastward through Woodford and northern Readsboro, and joins Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) at Readsboro; receives several unnamed tributaries; chief branch, Yaw Pond Brook; length, 11 miles; fall, 1,220 feet. Bennington and Wilmington sheets. Deer Lick Brook. — ^Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Glastonbury, on the eastern slope of Glastenbury Mountain, at an altitude of 3,000 feet; flows southeastward about 2J miles into a headwater tributary of Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 940 feet; receives one southern branch. Bennington sheet. Dennis Pond. — Essex Coimty; central part of the town of Brunswick; inlet, Wheeler. Stream; outlet, Wheeler Stream (tributary to the Connecticut); area, about 135 acres. Walker map and private surveys. Called North Pond on Walker map. Derby Pond. — Orleans County; central part of Derby; outlet, a stream a mile long flowing southeastward into Salem Pond (tributary through Clyde River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Dewey Brook. — See Famham Brook. DiMiCK Brook. — Windsor Coimty; rises in the eastern part of Pomfret, at an altitude of 1,600 feet; flows northeastward into the northwestern part of Hartford and joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,240 feet; length, about 3J miles. Hanover sheet. Dog Pond. — ^Washington County; western part of Woodbury; near head of Kingsburg Branch (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); no outlet shown on Walker map. Dog River. — Washington County; rises in the central part of Roxbury; flows north- eastward across the towns of Northfield and Berlin to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Montpelier Junction; length, about 15 miles; principal tribu- taries. Rocky, Jones, and Cox brooks. Gaging stations: At Northfield, 1909-1916; near Montpelier, 1910. Colton map. Walker map, post-route map, and U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 118-119, 1910. Dorset Pond. — Bennington County; northeastern part of town of Dorset; two small inlets; outlet northward by Otter Creek to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, approximately 700 feet; pond is about half a mile long and a quarter of a mile (maximum) wide; area, 34 acres. It lies in a valley remarkable for its narrowness and depth. Pawlet sheet. See Otter Creek. 73175°— wsp 424—17 11 160 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. DoTHAN Brook. — Windsor County; rises on Griggs Mountain in the southwestern part of the town of Norwich; flows southeastward 5 miles into Connecticut River near Wilder, in the northeastern part of the town of Hartford. Hanover sheet. Doughty Pond. — Rutland County; northeastern part of town of Benson; outlet, a stream one-eighth mile long flowing northward to the outlet of Spruce Pond to Sunset Lake (outlet through Little Pond to Hubbardton River and thus through Poultney River and Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 670 feet; above Sunset Lake, 167 feet. Ticonderoga sheet. DowNEYS Brook. — Orleans County; a small stream in the northern part of Salem, flowing eastward into Salem Pond (tributary through Clyde River to Lake Mem- plu:emagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Dow Pond. — Addison County; S-g miles east of Middlebury; 2 inflowing streams; outlet. Muddy Branch to New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; area, 14 acres; elevation above sea, 420 feet; fall of outlet, 160 feet ; dammed. Middle- biuy sheet. Dry Brook. — Bennington County; rises on Grass Mountain, in the southwestern part of Arlington, at an altitude of 2,400 feet above sea level ; flows southeastward to its junction with Warm Brook (tributary through Fayville Branch to Roaring Branch and thus through Batten Kill to the Hudson); length, SJ miles; fall, 1,640 feet. Equiaox sheet. Dry Creek. — Bennington County; rises on the northern slope of Egg Mountain, in the northwestern part of Sandgate; at an altitude of 1,800 feet above sea level; flows southwestward to its junction with White Creek (tributary to Batten Kill, a branch of the Hudson) 2J miles northeast of Salem, Washington County, N. Y.; length, about 5 miles; fall, 1,280 feet, of which 900 feet occurs in the first mile of its coiu-se. Equinox and Cambridge sheets. Duck Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the western part of Bolton; flows southward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Duck Pond. — Caledonia County; a very small pond on the line between Marshfield and Peacham, discharging by a stream 3 miles long flowing southeastward into Groton Pond (outlet. Wells River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Duck Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Sheffield; outlet, Millers Run to Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut); very small. Walker map. Duck Pond. — Orleans County; east of Little Hosmer Pond, in northeastern part of Craftsbiu'y; small. Walker map. Duck Pond. — Orleans County; a small pond in the northern part of the town of Sutton, discharging by a stream flowing to Big Fish Pond (outlet to Blake Pond, and thus through Crystal Lake to Barton River, Lake Mempliremagog, and Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Dunham Brook. — Addison and Orange counties; a small eastward-flowing stream tributary to Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) in the town of Braintree. Rochester sheet. Dunhams Pond. — See Pleiad Lake. DuNMORE, Lake. — Addison County; crossed by boundary line between Salisbury and Leicester; about half in each town; several inflowing streams, of which Sucker Brook is the largest; outlet, Leicester River to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 3^ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area, 990 acres; elevation above sea level, 571 feet. Brandon sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 161 Button Brook. — Addison County; rises in the western part of Goshen, at an eleva- tion of about 1,800 feet above sea level; flows west and northwest into Sucker Brook (tributary through Lake Dunmore to Leicester River, Otter Creek, and Lake Champlain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 3 miles; fall, about 500 feet. Brandon sheet. Button Pond. — Essex County; central part of town of Maidstone; outlet, Gasldll Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Colton map and Walker map. E. East Brook. — Essex County; rises in the western part of the town of Lunenburg; flows southwestward 3 miles and southeastward 1 mile into Miles Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. East Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the southern part of Elmore; flows north- ward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 7 miles long. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. East Creek. — Rutland County; rises in a marsh in the northeastern part of the town of Benson, at an elevation of 450 feet above sea level; flows eastward for a mile or more, then northward about 5 miles to a point near Orwell in Addison County, then turns again and flows northwestward until it enters Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to Lake Champlain) nearly opposite Ticonderoga; length, about 10 miles; fall, 349 feet; swampy through much of its lower course; two ponds are mapped in this basin — Perch Pond, near Sunset Lake, and an un- named pond lying west of the creek. Whitehall and Ticonderoga sheets. East Creek. — Rutland County; rises in the extreme northeastern part of Mendon, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows northwestward about 5 miles into the southern part of Chittenden Township, then with many abrupt bends passes to the west, south, and southwest, crossing the southeastern corner of Pittsford Township into Rutland, where it joins Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). In a straight line the distance between source and mouth is about 10 miles, but the course is so tortuous that map measiu-ement shows the stream to be about 18 miles long; with its largest tributary it almost encircles Blue Ridge Mountain. Fall, 1,670 feet, of which 400 feet occurs in the first mile. Gaging station near Rutland, 1911- 1913. The basin contains 3 small ponds — North and Burr ponds and one which is not named. Rutland sheet. Echo Pond. — Orleans County; town of Charleston; inlet, Mill River, the outlet of Seymour Lake; outlet, Mill River to Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence); about a mile long and wide. Walker map. Eddy Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the southern part of Peru, at an altitude of 2,240 feet; flows southea.stward across the northeastern corner of Winhall, southward less than a mile along the western boundary of Londonderry, then southwestward into Winhall, where it joins Mill Brook, a branch of Winhall River (tributary through West River to the Connecticut); fall, 940 feet; length, about 5^ miles. Londonderry sheet. Eligo Pond. — Orleans County; western part of Greensboro; one inlet; outlet, north- ward by Black River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet by Magog River to St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long by a quarter of a mile wide. Colton map and Walker map. Ellis Brook. — Windham County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Bover, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows east of south 5 miles to its junc- tion with North Branch of Beerfield River (tributary through Beerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 580 feet. Wilmington sheet. 162 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Elmore Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in Elmore Pond, in the northern part of Elmore; flows northward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the western part of the town of Wolcott; about 2 miles long. Col ton map and Walker map. Elmore Pond. — Lamoille County; northern part of Elmore; inlet, from Little Pond; outlet by Elmore Brook to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about a mile long and nearly half a mile wide. Colton map and Walker map. Endless Brook.^ — Rutland County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Wells, on the slopes of Coy and Northeast mountains, the extreme headwaters starting at an altitude of 2,000 feet above sea level; takes a general northwesterly course and enters St. Catharine Lake (tributary through Mill and Wells brooka and Mettawee River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near its northern end; length, about 5 miles; fall, 1,523 feet, of which 800 feet occurs in the first mile. Pawlet sheet. Equinox Pond. — Bennington County; about 1 mile southwest of Manchester; east of Equinox Mountain; outlet, a stream about 2 nailes long flowing east and then south to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to Hudson River); area, 6 acres; elevation, 1,090 feet above sea level; fall of outlet, 440 feet. Equinox sheet. EsTABROOK Pond. — Windham County; southwestern part of the town of Jamaica, south of Sage Hill; outlet, a stream flowing eastward into Ball Mountain Brook (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Walker map; not shown on the Londonderry sheet. E well Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of town of Peacham; outlet, Stevens Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. F. Fairfield Pond. — Franklin County; southwestern part of Fairfield; outlet by stream about 1 mile long flowing southeastward to Cedar Swamp Brook (tribu- tary through Black Creek and Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about a mile and a half long by three-fourths of a mile wide. Colton map, Walker map (outlet not shown on this map), post-route map, and St. Albans sheet. Fairfield River. — Franklin County; rises in the northwestern part of Fletcher; flows somewhat east of north to its junction with Black Creek (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Fairfield Township; about 6 miles long. Walker map and post-route map. Fairlee Lake. — Orange County; on boundary lines between the towns of Fairlee, West Fairlee, and Thetford; principal inlets, Middle and Bloody brooks; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long, flowing westward into Ompompanoosuc River (tribu- tary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Fall Brook. — ^Caledonia County; rises in the central part of the town of Wheelock; flows eastward about 4 miles into Millers Run (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Farnham Brook. — Orange County; rises in the western part of the town of Strafford, at an altitude of 1,800 feet; flows west into East (First) Branch of White River (tribtitary through White River to the Connecticut); length, about 4 miles; called Dewey Brook on Walker map. Strafford sheet. Fay Brook (Mill Brook). — Orange and Windsor counties;, rises in the southwestern part of the town of Strafford, at an altitude of 1,840 feet; flows south westward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the western part of the town of Sharon; receives stream from Standing Pond and several other small streams in the southwestern part of Strafford; fall, 1,380 feet, of which 500 feet is in the first mile; length, 7 miles. Strafford sheet. GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 163 Fayville Branch. — Bennington County; rises in tlie northwestern part of Glasten- bury, at an elevation of 2,440 feet above sea level; flows south westward about 2 miles, then takes a general northwesterly course to its junction with Roaring Branch (tributary to Batten Kill, a branch of the Hudson) 1 mile northeast of Arlington; length, about 9 miles; fall, 1,800 feet, of which 1,300 feet occins in 3^ miles at the head of the stream; principal tributary, Warm Brook. Equinox sheet. Fennell Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of Herrick Mountain, in town of Ira, at an altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; flows west- ward about 3 miles, then southwestward and southward 2^ miles to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near East Poultney; total fall in 5^ miles, 1,750 feet, of wliich 1,300 feet occurs in the first mile and a half of its coiu'se. Castleton sheet. Fern Lake. — Addison County; south of Lake Dunmore, in Leicester; elevation above sea level, 571 feet, the same as that of Lake Dunmore; outlet northward to Lake Dunmore (outlet through Leicester River to Otter Creek and Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); the distance between the two lakes is about one-foiu-th of a mile; area, 73 acres. Brandon sheet. Fetters River. — Essex and Orleans counties; rises in Warner Grant in the north- western part of Essex County; flows southward, passing across the southeastern corner of Morgan, in Orleans County, into Brighton, where it joins Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence) a short distance below the outlet of Island Pond; length, about 10 miles. Walker map. FiNNO Brook. — Orleans County; rises on Westmore Mountain; flows northeastward 2 miles into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. First Branch, White River. — See White River, East Branch. First Brook. — Essex County; a stream about 2 miles long, flowing southward into MUes Brook (tributary to Connecticut River) in the southern part of the town of Lunenburg. Walker map. Fisher Brook. — Essex County; a stream about a mile long, rising in the southern part of the town of Averill and flowing southwestward to East Branch of Nulhe- gan River (tributary through Nulhegan River to the Connecticut). Walker map and private surveys. Fletcher Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northern part of the town of Sherburne; flows northeastward, then northward to the eastern part of Stockbridge into White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 7 miles. Walker map and Rutland sheet. Fletcher Pond. — Lamoille County; south-central part of town of Eden; directly east of South Pond; no outlet shown on maps. Col ton map and Walker map. Flood Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the west-central part of Peru, at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows eastward and southeastward across Peru and Landgrove and joins West River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the west- ern part of Londonderry; fall, 1,460 feet; length, about 8 miles. Wallingford and Londonderry sheets. Flower Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southern slope of Tinmouth Moun- tain, in the southwestern part of the town of Tinmouth, at an altitude of 2,100 feet above sea level; flows southward about 3 miles, then southwestward 5 miles, uniting with Mettawee River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Pawlet; fall, 1,450 feet, of which 1,000 feet occurs in 3 miles at the head of the stream; receives several small tributaries draining Dutch Hill, Mount Hoag, Walnut Hill, and The Oxbow. Pawlet sheet. 164 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Forest Lake. — Essex County; northwestern part of town of Canaan and southwestern part of Hereford, Compton County, Quebec; outlet, Leach Stream to Connecti- cut Eiver. Name changed to Forest Lake by vote of Vermont State Legislature, 1917; also known as Wallace Pond and Leach Pond. Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. Foster Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of town of Peacham; outlet, a stream 6 mUes long, flowing southeastward through the northern part of Harvey Lake into Stevens River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Fox Pond. — Rutland County; near Wallingford; elevation above sea level, about 590 feet; a narrow pond lying half a mile west of Otter Creek; area, 15 acres; no outflowing stream is shown on the map, but the contours indicate that natmal out- flow woidd be by a stream about a mile long flowing south and then east to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Wallingford sheet. Franklin Pond. — Franklin County; eastern part of Franklin; several inflowing streams, including Pike River and stream from Little Pond; outlet by Pike River through Canada to Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Carte R^gionale No. 5 of Quebec, Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Freeman Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the eastern part of Warren; flows westward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Walker map. Frost Hollow Brook. — ^Bennington County; a small stream draining the south- eastern slope of Bear Mountain in the town of Sandgate and flowing southeastward to Green River (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson). Equinox sheet. Fryingpan Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the northern part of the town of Eden; flows southward into Gihon River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map; not named on Walker map. Fuller Pond. — Orleans County; town of Barton; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flow- ing northward into Graves Brook (tributary through Barton River to Lake Mem- phremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Fulton Brook. — Orange County; a stream IJ miles long draining a small area in the western part of the town of Thetford and flowing soiithward into West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosiic River to the Connec- ticut). Strafford sheet. Furnace Brook.^ — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Shaftsbury, south of Maple Hill, at an altitude of 1, 520 feet; flows south into Bennington, then irregularly westward into Walloomsac River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson); chief branches, Basin and Stratton brooks; fall, 940 feet; length, 10 miles. Bennington sheet. Furnace Brook (or River). — Rutland County; rises in the northwestern part of Chittenden, east of Lookout Mountain; flows in a general southwesterly direction to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about IJ miles southwest of Pittsford Mills; length, about 10 miles; fall from North Chittenden (elevation, 1,000 feet above sea level) to Otter Creek, 600 feet; principal tributaries, North Branch and Sugar Hollow Brook. Walker map and Rutland, Castle ton, and Rochester sheets. Furnace Brook, North Branch. — Rutland County; rises west of Lookout Moun- tain in the town of Chittenden; flows southeastward 2 J miles to its junction with Fiu'nace Brook (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Rochester sheet. GAZETTEEK OF STEEAMS. 165 G. Gage Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the central part of the town of Kirby; a short stream flowing southeastward along the boundary between the towns of Kirby and St. Johnsbury and uniting with Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) near the southeastern corner of St. Johnsbury. Walker map. Gaskill Brook. — Essex County; rises in Button Pond in the central part of the town of Maidstone; flows southeastward 4 miles and west of soiith 3 miles to its junction -with Connecticut River near Guildhall station; principal tributaries, Mill Brook and Burnside Brook. Colton map and Walker map. George Brook. — Addison County; town of Rip ton; a stream about IJ miles long flowing southeastward into Texas Brook (tributary through Hancock Branch to White River and thus to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. GiHON River. — Lamoille County; rises in North Pond, in the eastern part of the town of Eden; flows in a general southwesterly course to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Johnson; about 12 miles long; principal tributaries, Fryingpan and Wild brooks and stream from South Pond. Colton map, Walker map, and post- route map. GiLLETTS Pond. — Chittenden County; southeastern corner of town of Richmond; one inlet; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing northward to Huntington River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Gilmore Pond. — Addison County; on south Mountain, in the southeastern part of Bristol; 3 small inflowing streams; outlet, a stream 4^ miles long flowing south- west to Little Notch Road, then northwest into New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at New Haven Mills; elevation above sea level, 2,010 feet; fall of outlet, 1,710 feet. Middlebury sheet. Glen Lake. — Rutland County; on line between Benson, Fair Haven, and Castleton; two small inflowing streams; outlet, a stream half a mile long flowing southeast- ward to Bomoseen Lake (outlet through Castleton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 480 feet; fall of outlet, 67 feet; maximum width and length each about three-fourths of a mile; constricted near center to about one-eighth of a mile; area, 194 acres. Castleton sheet. Gochey Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Little Mud Pond in the northwestern part of Morgan; flows westward into Salem Pond; outlet, Clyde River to Lake Mem- phremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); 3 miles long. Walker map. Gold Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the southeastern part of Stowe; flows west- ward into Waterbury River (tributary through Winoosld River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Moscow post office; about 3 miles long. Walker map. GooDSELLS Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southeastern part of Sheldon; flows northward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Ptichelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 3 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Goshen Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Goshen; flows northeastward 2 miles into South Branch of Middlebury River (trib- utary through Middlebury River and Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Rochester sheet. 166 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Granbt Stream. — Essex County; rises in the east-central part of the town of Granby; flows southwestward about 6 miles into Moose River (tributary through Passump- sic River to the Connecticut); passes through IvTud and Lees ponds; principal tributary, a stream from Cow Mountain Pond. Walker map . Grass Pond. — ^Windsor County; small; northwestern part of Plymouth; altitude, 1, 570 feet; discharges by a short southward-flowing stream into Black River (tribu- tary to the Connecticut). Woodstock sheet. Grassy Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southern part of the town of Athens in Lily Pond; flows southwestward 8 miles into West River (tributary to the Con- necticut) . Walker map . Gravel Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southern part of Springfield; flows eastward into Connecticut River south of Springfield station; about 3 miles long. Walker map. Graves Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the western part of the town of Barton; flows northeastward 3 miles into Barton River (tributary to Lak e Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) . Walker map. Graves Pond. — Windham County; southwestern part of the town of Jamaica; a small pond discharging by stream flowing westward into Ball Mountain Brook (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Walker map; not shown on Londonderry sheet. Great Averill Pond. — Essex County; northern part of the town of Averill on the eastern border of Norton; inlet from Little Averill Pond; outlet, Averill Stream to Coaticook River (tributary through Massawippi River to St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence); 2 J miles long and 1 mile wide. Walker map. Great Hosmer Pond. — Orleans County; on hne between towns of Albany and Craftsbury; outlet to Little Hosmer Pond (outlet through Seaver Brook to Black River and thus through Lake Memphremagog and Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about IJ miles long. Walker map. Great Pond. — Lamoille County; east-central part of the town of Eden; two ponds with the same name; connected by westward-flowing stream with Gihon River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Great Roaring Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the eastern part of Shrewsbury, at an altitude of 2,100 feet; flows northeastward into Plymouth, and passes into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) just above Plymouth Notch; fall, 840 feet; length, 4 miles. Rutland and Woodstock sheets. Green River. — Bennington County; rises in many forking branches on the western slopes of Bear Mountain in the towns of Sandgate and Manchester, at an altitude of nearly 3,000 feet above sea level; flows southwestward to Sandgate, then takes a more southerly course to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) at West Arhngton ; length, about 10 miles ; total fall from source of highest trib- utary to mouth, 2,400 feet, of which 1,800 feet occurs in about 3 miles at the head of the river. Equinox sheet. Green River. — Lamoille County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Eden; flows southwestward and southward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 10 miles long; tributaries, Adams Brook and streams from Pettengill, Half Poimd, Mud, and Clear ponds; gaging station at Garfield, 1915-16. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Green River. — Windham County, Vt.; Franklin County, Mass.; rises on Hogback Mountain in the town of Marlboro; flows in general southeastward to its junction with Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) at Greenfield; length, 27 miles, of which 13 miles is below the Massachusetts Une; principal tributaries, GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 167 West Hollow, Hibbard, Workman, Glen, Hinsdale, and Mill brooks, all in Massa- cbusetts. Wilmington, Brattleboro, and Greenfield sheets. Greensboro Brook. — Orleans Coiinty; rises in Caspian Lake, in the southern part of Greensboro; flows southward into Lamoille Kiver (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part of the town of Hardwick; 3 miles long. Walker map. Grindstone Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Hancock and flows northward into Robbins Branch (tributary through White River to the Connecticut); length, about 2J miles. Walker map and Rochester sheet. Groton Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Groton; several inlets, including streams from Owls Head, Little Hosmer, Duck, and Kettle ponds; outlet, a short stream into Lunds Pond, which discharges into Wells River (tribu- tary to the Connecticut); about 3 miles long and 1 mile wide. Called also Wells River Pond. Walker map. Grout Pond. — ^Windham County; southeastern part of the town of Stratton; inlet and outlet, Pond Brook (tributary through East Branch of Deerfield River to Deerfield River and thus to the Connecticut); altitude, 2,225 feet above sea level; area, 115 acres. Londonderry sheet. Guernsey Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the town of Pittsfield on the south- ' eastern slope of Little Wilcox Peak, at an altitude of 1,900 feet; flows in a south- easterly direction 4 miles to Tweed River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,100 feet. Rochester sheet. Gulf Brook. — Addison County; town of Granville; a stream 1| miles long flowing northeastward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. Gulf Brook. — ^Windham County; a stream 2J miles long, draining the northeastern part of the town of Marlboro, flowing southward 1 mile and northwestward 1| miles into Marlboro Branch (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Brattleboro sheet. Gulf Stream. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Bar- nard, at an altitude of 1,740 feet; flows southeastward, crossing the southwestern comer of Pomfret into the northern part of Woodstock, where it joins Barnard Brook, a branch of the Ottauquechee (tributary to the Connecticut); chief branches, Richmond, Atwood, and Bridgewater brooks; fall, 1,040 feet; length, 8 miles. Woodstock sheet. Gully Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the northwestern slopes of Herrick Moim- tain in the town of Ira, at an altitude of 2,400 feet above sea level; takes a general northerly course to its junction with Castleton River (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); length, about 4 miles; total fall, 1,950 feet; receives small tributaries from western slope of Bird Mountain. Castleton sheet. Gunners Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the southwestern part of Groton; flows westward 3 miles then northward 4 miles into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrance) in the northern part of the town of Plainfield, Washington County. Colton map and Walker map. H. Hale Hollow Brook. — Windsor County; formed by many small streams, some of which rise at altitudes of more than 2,100 feet in the northeastern part of Plym- outh; flows in general northward into the southeastern part of Bridgewater where it joins Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; only named branch, Pinney Hollow Brook; fall, 1,250 feet; length, about 7 miles; called Broad Brook on Walker map. Woodstock sheet. 168 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Half Moon Pond. — Franklin County; central part of Fletcher; one inlet; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing southward to Stones Brook (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Col ton map and Walker map. Half Moon Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern comer of town of Hubbardton; outlet, a stream 1| miles long flowing southeastward into an arm of Bomoseen Lake (tributary through Castleton River to Poultney River and Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 586 feet; fall of outlet, 173 feet. Castleton sheet. Half Pound Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; outlet eastward to Green River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Halls Pond. — Essex County; southwestern part of the town of Concord; outlet, a stream 4 miles long flowing east of south into Connecticut River. V/alker map. Halls Pond. — Orange County; south-central part of the town of Newbiuy; outlet, Wliiting Brook (tributary through Chalmers Brook to the Connecticut). Walker map. Hampshire Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the east-central part of the town of Poultney, at an altitude of 900 feet above sea level; flows southward to Clark Hollow Brook (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to St. the Lawrence); length, 2 miles; fall, 280 feet. Castleton sheet. Hancock Branch. — Addison County; town of Ripton; rises on the south slope of Battell Mountain, at an altitude of 3,200 feet above sea level; flows southeastward to its junction with White River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the eastern part of the town of Hancock; length, about 7 miles; principal tributaries, Texas Brook and Robins Branch; fall, 2,280 feet. Rochester sheet. Happy Valley Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Hart- land, at an altitude of 1,280 feet; flows in general northward into Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 650 feet; length, about 3 miles. Han- over sheet. Harlow Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northern part of Hartland, at an altitude of 1,160 feet; flows northeastward about 3^- miles into Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 760 feet. Hanover sheet. Harrimans Pond.— Orange County; eastern part of town of Newbiu^y; outlet, a stream 4 miles long flowing southeastward into Connecticut River. Walker map. Harvey Lake. — Caledonia County; southwestern part of the town of Barnet; princi- pal inlet, a stream carrying the overflow from Foster and Martins ponds ; outlet, a stream 1 mile long, flowing eastward into Stevens River (tributary to the Con- necticut). The lake receives, also, a stream draining a small area in the northern part of Ryegate and the southwestern part of Barnet. Walker map; called Jewel Brook on post-route map. Hayes Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the western part of the town of Pittsfield, at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction to West Branch of Tweed River (tributary through Tweed River to White River and thus to the Connecticut) at Michigan Camp; length, 2^ miles; fall, 1,100 feet. Rochester sheet. Haystack Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in Haystack Pond in the northwestern part of the town of Wilmington; flows eastward 2 miles into Cold Brook (tributaiy through North Branch of Deerfield River to Deerfield River and thus to the Con- necticut); fall, 1,000 feet. Wilmington sheet. Haystack Pond. — ^Windham County; in the northwestern corner of Wilmington; about half a mile long; area, 54 acres; altitude, 2,800 feet; outlet. Haystack Brook to Cold Brook, a branch of North Branch of Deerfield River (tributary though Deerfield River to the Connecticut). Wilmington sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 169 Herrick Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Pawlet, at an altitude of 990 feet above sea level; flows southward IJ miles, then tiuns abruptly and flows northwestward to its jimction with Mettawee River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near the line between Rutland and Bennington counties; fall, 300 feet. Pawlet sheet. Hewett Brook. — Rutland County; town of Chittenden; a stream about 4 miles long flowing southeastward into East Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 2 miles northeast of the village of Chittenden. Rochester and Rutland sheets. High Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of town of Hubbardton; elevation above sea level, about 800 feet. Castleton sheet. High Pond. — Rutland Coimty; southeastern part of Sudbury; outlet, a stream 3^ miles long flowing northward and northeastward to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 2 miles west of Brandon; elevation above sea level, 1,028 feet; fall of outlet, 680 feet, of which 530 feet occurs in the first 1| miles of its course. Brandon sheet. HiNESBURGH Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Marlboro; flows southeastward across the northeastern corner of Halifax into Guilford, where it joins Green River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); length, about 4 miles. Walker map; not named on Brattleboro sheet. HiNESBURG Pond. — Chittenden County; at intersection of boundary lines between Williston, Richmond, Hinesbm-g, and Shelbume; one inlet from the north; outlet southward by Pond Brook to La Platte River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 684 feet; somewhat more than a mile long; half a mile wide; area, 250 acres; an expansion of the outlet, beginning one-fourth mile below the main pond and extending within half a mile of Mechanicsville, is 661 feet above sea level. Burlington sheet. HiNKUM Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Sudbury; outlet, a stream three-foiuths mile long flowing westward to Burr Pond (outlet through Horton Pond to Hubbardton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 49 acres; elevation above sea level, 717 feet; fall of outlet, 205 feet. Brandon sheet. Holland Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Holland Pond in the northeastern part of the town of Holland; flows northwestward into Stanstead, Province of Quebec, where it joins Johns River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. Holland Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of the town of Holland; outlet, Holland Brook to Johns River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. Hollow Brook. — Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of Hinesburg, at an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea level; course exceedingly crooked, passing from southeast to southwest, then to the northwest and finally to the south; it joins Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern corner of the town of Monkton; the distance between source and mouth in a straight line is little more than 3 miles, but following the coiirse of the brook it is about 7 miles; fall, 930 feet, of which 600 feet occurs in the first 2 miles. Burlington sheet. 170 SUEFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Home Creek. — Chittenden County; rises in the northwestern part of Charlotte, at an altitude of about 180 feet above sea level; flows southwest, west, and north- west into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 2 miles; fall, 80 feet; tributary, Pringle Brook. Willsboro sheet. Hoosic River. — Rises about 2 miles northwest of Dal ton, in Berkshire County, Mass., at an altitude of 1,500 feet above sea level. Its general course lies first somewhat east of north to North Adams, where it receives its North Branch, thence north- westward passing across the extreme southwestern corner of Vermont into Rens- selaer County, N. Y.; at the northern border of that county it turns and flows irregularly westward, joining the Hudson opposite Stillwater. The total length of the river to the head of the South Branch or main stream is about 56 miles; its fall is 1,420 feet. Area of drainage basin, about 730 square miles (Rafter); principal tributaries, Little Hoosic and Walloomsac rivers and Tomhannock Creek, all of which enter in the State of New York. The principal tributaries in Massachusetts are North Branch of the Hoosic and Green rivers. Most of the other tributaries are short and unimportant. The country drained is to a great extent rugged and mountainous, the summits of the Taghkanick and Petersburg ranges attaining elevations of 1,000 to 2,000 feet above sea level, and the Ragged Mountains, south of North Adams, culminat- ing in Mount Greylock at 3,505 feet above sea level. The immediate valley of the Hoosic comprises a moderately hilly, open country, which is good farming land, even to the tops of the hills, and is well cultivated. The stream is one of the largest tributaries of the Hudson and, excepting per- haps the Mohawk, is the most important in point of manufactm-ing. A large share of the fall has been improved. Tenth Census Rept., vol. 16; Rafter, Hydrology of the State of New York; New York State Mus. Bull. 85. Becket, Greylock, Berlin, Hoosic, and Cohoes sheets. Hoosic River,. North Branch. — Bennington County, Vt., Berkshire County, Mass.; rises in the town of Stamford, near Heartwellville, Vt., flows south westward to the city of North Adams, where it joins Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson); length, 11 miles; principal tributary in Vermont, Roaring Brook. Bennington and Greylock sheets. Horrid Brook. — Windsor County; a small stream about 1| miles long; rises in the western part of the town of Rochester; flows in a northeasterly direction to its junction with Smith Brook (tributary to Brandon Brook and thus through White River to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. Horse Pond. — Caledonia and Orleans counties; on line between Wheelock, Cale- donia County, and Greensboro, Orleans County; outlet to Lamoille River (tribu- tary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. HoRTON PoND.^Rutland County; in the northern part of Mount Holly; flows north- ward to a branch of Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); small. Walker map. HoRTON Pond. — Rutland County; on line between Sudbury and Hubbard ton; inlet from Burr Pond, which receives the overflow from Hinkum and Huff ponds; outlet, Hubbard ton River to Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 484 feet; about 2 miles long; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area, 873 acres. Brandon and Castleton sheets. Hospital Creek. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Bridport, at an altitude of 180 feet above sea level; flows north and northwest and enters Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Crane Point; length, about 5 miles; fall, 79 feet; a number of small branch- ing tributaries drain the southwestern part of the town of Addison. Port Henry sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 171 Howard Brook. — Windham County; formed in the northeastern part of the town of Jamaica by the junction of Mill and Sharp brooks, which drain the southern part of the town of Windham; flows southward 4 miles into West River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Howe Brook. — ^Windsor and Addison counties; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Rochester, at an altitude of 2,100 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction and joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) half a mile below the village of Hancock; length, 4 miles; fall, 1,220 feet. Rochester sheet. Hubbard Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Windsor, at an altitude of 1,230 feet; flows northward about half a mile, then southeastward about 3J miles into Connecticut River. Walker map and Hanover sheet. Hubbardton River. — Rutland County; rises in Horton Pond (which receives the overflow from Burr, Hinkum, and Huff ponds) in the northwestern part of the town of Hubbardton, at an altitude of 484 feet above sea level; flows in a winding but general southwesterly course to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlainand thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern part of the town of West Haven; length, about 13 miles; fall, about 350 feet. Castleton and Whitehall sheets. HmPF Pond. — Rutland County; central part of town of Sudbury; outlet, a stream 1|- miles long flowing southward to Burr Pond (outlet through Horton Pond to Hub- bardton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 30 acres: elevation above sea level, 772 feet; fall of outlet, 260 feet. Brandon sheet. HuNGERFORD Brook. — Franklin County; rises, at altitude of 560 feet, on Aldis Hill east of the city of St. Albans; flows northward across Swanton and the north- western corner of Sheldon into Highgate, where it joins Missisquoi River (tribu- tary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 9 miles; fall, 440 feet. St. Albans sheet. Hunt Brook. — Caledonia County; a stream about 4 miles long draining a small area in eastern Ryegate and flowing southeastward into Connecticut River. Walker map. Huntington River. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of the town of Huntington; flows in a general northerly course to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), which it enters at Jonesville in the town of Richmond; about 10 miles long; tributary from Gilletts Pond; other tributaries unnamed on maps; gaging station at Jones- ville, 1910. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. I. Indian Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southeastern part of Colchester; flows northwestward into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Malletts Bay; about 5 miles long. Walker map and Milton sheet. Inman Pond. — Rutland County; northwestern part of town of Fair Haven; outlet by a stream about 5 miles long winding southward through an imnamed pond to Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) half a mile below the mouth of Castleton River; elevation above sea level, about 660 feet; fall of outlet, 360 feet, of which 230 feet takes place within a quarter of a mile as the stream leaves the lower of the two ponds; upper pond is about half a mile in maximum width; area, ■ 63 acres; lower is about a mile long and an eighth of a mile in maximimi width. Whitehall sheet. Ira Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southern part of the town of Ira, at an altitude of 1,170 feet above sea level; flows northeastward into Clarendon River 172 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheHeu River to the St. Lawrence) near Clarendon Springs; length, about 5 miles; fall, 590 feet. Pawlet and Castleton sheets. Island Pond. — Essex County; town of Brighton; several inflowing streams; outlet, Clyde River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); 2 miles long and about 1 mile wide. Walker map. J. Jackson Brook. — Orange Coimty; rises in the western part of the town of Thet- ford; flows west of south 1^ miles to Rices Mills, where it joins West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the Con- • necticut); principal tributary, a stream somewhat more than 2 miles long rising between Davidson and Center Hills and flowing southeastward. Strafford sheet. Jackson Pond. — Rutland County; at Mechanicsville, town of Mount Holly; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long flowing southwestward into Mill River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Tarbellville; area, 50 acres; elevation above sea level, about 1,810 feet; fall of outlet, 300 feet; pond is about three-eighths of a mile long and wide. WalUngford sheet. Jacksonville Pond. — Windham County; northeastern part of Whitingham in the course of East Branch of North River (tributary tkrough Deerfield River to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,500 feet; area, 26 acres; Walker map; unnamed on the Wilmington sheet. Jail Brook. — Orange Coimty; rises near the northwestern boimdary of Vershire; flows westward into East (First) Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecti- cut); about 4 miles long. Strafford sheet. Jail Brook. — Orange County; rises in the eastern part of WilUamstown; flows southeastward into the town of Washington; then northward and northwestward to its junction with Stevens Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Barre, Washington Coimty. Colton map and Walker map. Jay Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the central part of the town of Jay; flows southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Troy; tributary. South Brook; length, about 5 miles. Colton map and Walker map. Jenken Brook. — Orange County; rises in the western part of the town of Vershire; flows northwestward in East (First) Branch of White River (tributary to the Con- necticut through White Jliver); only branch named on map, Beaver Meadow Brook; length, about 5 miles. Strafford sheet. Jericho Brook. — Windsor Coimty; rises in the southern part of Norwich at an altitude of about 1,360 feet; flows southwestward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the northern part of Hartford; fall, 1,000 feet; length, about 3 miles. Hanover sheet. Jewel Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Ryegate; flows southeastward 1 mile, then northeastward 3 miles into Harvey Lake (outlet through Stevens River to the Connecticut). Post-route map. Jewett Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the west-central part of Pownal, north of Mann Hill, at an altitude of 1,150 feet; flows east of north and north- eastward into South Stream, a branch of Walloomsac River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson); fall, 420 feet; length, 6 miles. Bennington sheet. Jewett Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southwestern part of Swanton; flows southward into Stevens Brook (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of St. Albans; about 6 miles long. Walker map and St. Albans sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 173 Joes Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in Stannard Pond in the eastern part of the town of Stannard; flows westward to Coles Pond, west of south through upper Joes Pond to Joes Pond, thence southeastward across the southern part of the town of Danville and the northern part of Barnet to its junction with Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 20 miles. Colton map and Walker map. Joes Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in Joes Pond, in the southern part of Morris- town; flows northward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Morris ville; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Joes Pond. — Caledonia County; eastern part of the town of Cabot and southwestern part of Danville; inlets, a stream from Lyford Pond and upper Joes Brook; outlet, Joes Brook (tributary to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut); the pond is about 3 miles long and nearly a mile wide; a small arm at the north end is called Upper Joes Pond. Walker map. Joes Pond. — Lamoille County; southern part of Morristown; outlet, Joes Brook to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very small. Colton map and Walker map. Johnson Pond. — Addison and Rutland counties; on hne between Orwell, Addison Coimty, and Sudbury, Rutland County; outlet, Lemon Fair River to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 445 feet. Brandon sheet. Johnsons Brook. — Orleans Coimty; rises in the southern part of Lowell; flows northward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Johns River. — Province of Quebec and Orleans County, Vt. ; rises in Stanstead, Quebec, and flows very irregularly southwestward into the northwestern part of the town of Derby, Orleans County, Vt., where it enters Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) ; position indi- cated only by name on Walker map; sho^vn but not named on the map to accompany Part J, Annual Report Geological Survey, Canada, 1886. Carte Regionale No. 5, of Quebec. Joiner Brook. — Chittenden County ; rises in the eastern part of Bolton ; flows south- ward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 1^ miles below the mouth of Prince Brook; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Jones Brook. — Washington County; rises in the southeastern part of Moretowa; flows irregularly northeastward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 3 miles west of Montpeher; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Jones Brook. — Washington County; rises in the northern part of Northfield; flows southeastward into Dog River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Northfield Falls; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Joy Brook. — Windham County; a short stream rising in the west-central part of Townshend and flowing southeastward into West River (tributary to the Con- necticut). Walker map. K. Keeler Pond. — Rutland County; on line between Sudbury and Hubbardton; one small inflowing stream; outlet, a stream one-eighth mile long flowing southward to Beebe Pond (outlet through Austin Pond to Bomoseen Lake and thus through Castleton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence); area, 52 acres; elevation above sea level, 622 feet, same as that of Beebe Pond. Brandon and Castleton sheets. 174 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Kelly Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southern part of the town of Highgate; flows southeastward 1^ miles, then southwestward 1 mile into Missisquoi Biver (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. Kendall Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northern part of the town of Gran- ville; flows west of south 3 miles into White River (tributary to the Connecti- cut). Walker map and Rochester sheet. Ketchum Brook. — Washington County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Barre ; flows northwestward, then southwestward to its junction with Stevens Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Barre city; about 4 miles long. Col ton map and Walker map. Kettle Pond. — Caledonia County; small pond in the northwestern part of town of Groton, discharging by a stream flowing southeastward into Groton Pond (outlet, Wells River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Kjdder Pond. — ^Orleans County; northern part of Irasburg; no outlet is shown on the map, but the discharge is possibly to Chamberlain Brook (tributary through Black River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. KiLBURN Brook. — Windsor County; rises at an altitude of 1,100 feet in the south- eastern part of Hartford; flows irregularly southeast, northeast, and east into the Connecticut; several small branches; fall, 800 feet; length, about 4 miles. Han- over sheet. KiLBY Brook. — Essex County; rises southeast of Haystack Mountain; flows northeast- ward and northward 4 miles into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphre- magog to Magog and St. Francis Rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Kiln Brook. — Rutland County; town of Chittenden; rises west of Westmore Gap; flows southwestward 2^ miles into Furnace Brook (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Rochester sheet. Kingsbury Branch. — Washington County; rises in Buck Pond in the northern part of Woodbury; flows southward to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part of East Montpelier; length, about 12 miles; passes through Sabine Pond and receives small tributaries from West Long, Wheelocks, Nelsons, Curtis, and BUss ponds. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. KiNNEYS Pond. — Orleans County; eastern part of Newport; outlet, a stream about half a mile long flowing eastward to Daggetts Pond (tributary through Black River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. KiRBY Hollow BROOK.^Bennington County; rises on the southwestern slope of Dorset Mountain in the northwestern part of the town of Dorset, at an altitude of 2,800 feet above sea level; flows southward about 2 miles to its junction with Mettawee River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 1,920 feet. Pawlet sheet. Knob Hill Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Marshfield; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing southeastward to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 175 L. Lake. — See significant name. Lakota Lake. — Windsor County; southern part of Barnard; about one-third of a mile long; area, 21 acres; altitude, 1,885 feet; inlet, short streams from a swamp; outlet, Richmond Brook to Gulf Stream, a branch of Barnard Brook (tributary to Ottauquechee River and thus to the Connecticut). Woodstock sheet. Lamoille River. — Orleans County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Greens- boro, where it is formed by the union of several small streams; flows southward to Hardwick, then turns to the northwest, passes through the middle of Lamoille County, crosses the southern part of Franklin County, and joins Lake Cham- plain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), in the northwestern corner of Chittenden County, in the town of Milton. Like the Winooski , it cuts through the Green Mountains, but it is not so large as the Winooski nor quite so long, map measurement including the larger bends indicating about 50 miles; drainage area, 725 square miles; considerable areas in the upper part of the basin are forested. Lakes are numerous and some storage has already been developed, but opportunities for improvement are many. Important tributaries are Greens- boro Brook (flowing from Caspian Lake), Pond Brook (from Wolcott Pond), Green River, Joes Brook, Gihon River, North Branch, Mill River, and Browns River. Gaging stations: At Cadys Falls, 1909-10 and 1913-1916; at Johnson, 1911-1913; at West Milton, 1903. Surveys and data: Geology of Vermont, 1861, vols. 1 and 2; Col ton map. Walker map, post-route map, and U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 110- 112, 1910. Lamoille River, North Branch. — Lamoille County; rises in Long Pond in the northern part of the town of Eden; flows westward and southwestward to its junc- tion with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern part of the town of Cambridge; about 12 miles long. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Lampson Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the northern part of the town of Brookfield, discharging by a southward-flowing stream to Colts Pond (outlet through a stream discharging to Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to "White River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. La Pawac Brook. — Essex and Caledonia counties; rises in the northern part of the town of East Haven, west of Mount Seneca; flows north of west 3 miles into the East Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). The stream to which La Pawac Brook is tributary is called East Branch of Passumpsic River on Colton map of Vermont, but is unnamed on Walker map. Walker map and Colton map. La Platte River. — Chittenden County; rises in the southeastern part of Hinesburg, at an altitude of 1,200 feet above sea level; takes a general northwesterly course to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), which it enters at Shelburne Bay; length, about 14 miles; fall from highest source, 1,100 feet, of which 700 feet occurs in the first mile; principal tribu- taries. Pond Brook (from Hinesburg Pond) and Mud Hollow Brook. Called La Plop River on Colton map and Laplop River in Hitchcock's Report on geology of Vermont, 1861. Burlington and Willsboro sheets. Leach Pond. — See Forest Lake. Leach Stream. — Essex County; rises in Little Leach Pond in the northern part of the town of Averill and flows northeastward into Forest Lake (Leach Pond); from Forest Lake it flows across a small area in southern Quebec; again crossing the State line it flows southward to Connecticut River a short distance below Canaan; length between Forest Lake and Little Leach Pond, about 3 miles; drain- age area, 53 square miles. Walker map and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. 73175°— wsp 424r— 17 12 176 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT, Ledge Creek. — Addison County; rises in the eastern part of Weybridge, at an ele- vation of 460 feet above sea level; flows southward, westward, and northwestward to its junction with Lemon Fair River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 5 miles; fall, approximately 330 feet. Middlebury sheet. Lees Pond. — Essex County; eastern part of the town of Victory, on Granby Stream (tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecti- cut); small. Walker map. Leicester River. — Addison County; rises in Lake Dunmore, in the southern part of Salisbury, at an altitude of 571 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), three-fourths of a mile north of Leicester Junction; length, about 4| miles; fall, 220 feet, of which 190 feet occurs within IJ miles just below the lake. Brandon sheet. Lemon Fair River. — Addison County; rises in Johnson Pond, on the line between Orwell, Addison County, and Sudbury, Rutland County, at an altitude of 445 feet above sea level; takes a general northerly course across the towns of Orwell, Shoreham, Bridport, and the northwestern corner of Cornwell to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Weybridge; length, about 26 miles, including major turns; fall, approximately 300 feet; principal tributaries, Beaver Branch and Ledge Creek. Brandon, Ticonderoga, Middlebury, and Port Henry sheets. Levi Pond. — Caledonia County; a very small pond in the northeastern part of the town of Groton, discharging eastward to Red Brook (tributary through Wells River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Lewis Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Poult- ney, being formed by the union of several tiny streams starting at altitudes of 1,200 to 1,300 feet above sea level; flows westward and southwestward to its union with Poultney River (tributary to Ijake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southeastern part of the town of Fair Haven; length, about 6 miles; fall, about 900 feet, of which 700 feet takes place in the first 2 J miles of its course. Castle ton sheet. Lewis Creek. — Addison County; rises near the central part of Starksboro, the tiny streams that form its headwaters starting at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 1,900 feet or even more above sea level ; it flows for 2 or 3 miles southwestward to the southwestern part of Starksboro, where it turns abruptly and flows northward into Hinesburg; here its course becomes in general westward to Charlotte, and it finally takes a southwesterly and westerly direction to Lake Champlain (outlet by Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), which it enters just north of the mouth of Little Otter Creek; length, about 22 miles; fall, from highest source to Lake Champlain, about 1,800 feet, but 1,200 feet of this fall occurs in the first 4 miles of the stream's course; principal tributaries. Hollow Brook, Pond Brook (tribu- tary from Bristol Pond), and stream from Monkton Pond. Middlebury, Bur- lington, and Port Henry sheets. Lewis Pond. — Essex County; northern part of town of Lewis; outlet. West Branch (tributary through Black Branch to Nulhegan River and thus to the Con- necticut). Walker map. Lily Pond. — Rutland County; town of Poultney; two small inlets; outlet, a channel one-eighth of a mile long, southward to St. Catharine Lake (tributary through Wells Brook and Mettawee River to Lake Champlain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 477 feet, the same as that of St. Catharine Lake, of which it forms the northern arm. Pawlet sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS, . 177 Lily Pond. — Windham County; southern part of the town of Athens; a very small pond at the head of Grassy Brook (tributary through West River to the Connecti- cut). Walker map. Lily Pond. — Windham County; town of Londonderry; altitude, 1,450 feet; outlet,, by a short stream to Lowell Lake, which discharges by Pond Brook into West River (tributary to the Connecticut); area, 37 acres. Londonderry sheet and Walker map. Lily Pond. — Windsor County; a small pond in the eastern part of the town of Nor- wich, discharging by a stream flowing southwestward into Connecticut River. Hanover sheet. Lime Pond. — Caledonia County; in the northern part of the town of Sutton; outlet to Rocky Pond on one of the headwater tributaries to West Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut); very small. Walker map. Lincoln Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the southwestern part of Warren; flows eastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to I^ake Cham- plain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near the center of the township; about 3 miles long. Walker map. Line Pond. — Windsor County; eastern part of the town of Barnard; a small pond at the head of one of the upper tributaries of Barnard Brook (tributary through Ottau- quechee River to the Connecticut). Woodstock sheet. Little Averill Pond. — Essex County; northwestern part of the town of Averill; one inlet, considered the head of Averill Stream; connected by a northward- flowing stream a mile long with Great Averill Pond; outlet, Averill Stream to Coaticook River, a branch of the Massawippi (tributary through St. Francis River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Little Clear Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; no outlet shown on Walker map. Little Fish Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of the town of Sutton; out- let, a short stream flowing southward into Blake Pond (outlet through Crystal Lake to Barton River and thus through Lake Memphremagog and Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. Little Hosmer Pond. — Caledonia County; southwestern part of town of Peacham; outlet, a stream 3 miles long flowing southward into Groton Pond ; (outlet, Wells River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Little Hosmer Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of Craftsbury; inlet from Great Hosmer Pond ; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southeastward to Seaver Brook (tributary through Black River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map; called Osmore Pond on Colton map. Little Leach Pond. — Essex County; northern part of town of Averill; outlet, a stream 3 miles long flowing northeastward to Forest Lake (outlet to Connecticut River). Walker map. Little Mud Pond. — Orleans County; northwestern part of the town of Morgan; a very small pond at the head of Gochey Brook, tributary through Salem Pond to Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Little Otter Creek. — Addison County; rises near Bristol, at an altitude of about 500 feet above sea level; flows irregularly northwestward and enters Lake Cham- plain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northwestern part of Ferrisburg; length, including major windings, about 16 miles; fall, 400 feet; swampy in lower course; principal tributary. Mud Creek. Middlebury and Port Henry sheets. 178. SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Little Pond. — Bennington County; southern part of town of Winhall; altitude, 2,390 feet; two inlets; outlet, a stream less than a mile long flowing southwest- ward into Winhall River, a branch of West River (tributary to the Connecticut). Londonderry sheet. Little Pond. — Franklin County; eastern part of Franklin; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing westward into Franklin Pond (outlet through Pike River, Canada, to Missisquoi Bay in Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Little Pond. — Lamoille County; southeast of Elmore Mountain in the town of Elmore ;' outlet, a stream 1 J miles long flowing northward to Elmore Pond (outlet through Elmore Brook and Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about one-fourth mile long. Colton map and Walker map. Little Pond. — Rutland County; northeastern part of town of Benson; inlet from Choate Pond, and possibly also from Sunset Lake, though no connecting stream is shown; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing southward to Hubbard ton River (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River so the St. Lawrence); area, 72 acres; elevation above sea level, 502 feet; fall of outlet, 132 feet. Ticonderoga sheet. Little Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Wallingford; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing in a general westerly direction into Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) near South Wallingford; area, 12 acres; elevation above sea level, 1,810 feet; fall of outlet, 1,200 feet. Wallingford sheet. Little Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of town of Wells; inlet, from St. Catharine Lake, of which it is the southern arm; outlet, Mill Brook to Wells Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake Champlain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, the same as that of St. Catharine Lake — 477 feet; fall of outlet, 60 feet. Pawlet sheet. Little Roaring Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Plym- outh; flows eastward into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) about a mile south of Money Brook. Walker map. Little White Creek. — Bennington County, Vt., and Rensselaer County, N. Y.; rises in the southwestern part of Arlington, south of Grass Mountain, at an altitude of 2,450 feet; flows southward and southwestward across the northwestern part of Shaftsbury and southeastern White Creek, N. Y., and joins Walloomsac River, a branch of Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson) at North Hoosick; passes through Briggs Corners, Vt., and Martindale Corners and White Creek, N. Y., receives several small branches; fall, 2,050 feet, of which about 1,500 feet occurs in the 3^ miles of the stream above the New York- Vermont State line; length, 13 miles. Bennington, Hoosick, and Equinox sheets. Called White Creek on Equinox sheet. Locust Creek.— Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of ^ Bridgewater; flows through Barnard into White River (tributary to the Connec- ticut) in the southeastern part of the town of Bethel ; principal tributary, a stream from Silver Lake; length, 7 miles. Walker map and Woodstock sheet. Logger Brook. — Essex County. See Black Branch. Long Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Shefiield; inlet, from Round Pond; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing westward into Barton River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Long Pond. — Chittenden County; northwestern part of Milton; outlet, a stream about IJ miles long flowing southward into Trout Brook (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map. Walker map, and Milton sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 179 Long Pond. — Lamoille County; northern part of the town of Eden; outlet westward by North Branch of Lamoille River to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about a mile long. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Long Pond. — Orange County; western part of town of Newbury; outlet, a stream 4 miles long flowing southeastward into Chalmers Brook (tributary to the Connecti- cut). Walker map. Long Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of Greensboro; 2 inlets; outlet, Lamoille River to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St- Lawrence) 1 J miles long by three-fourths of a mile wide. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Long Pond. — Orleans County; town of Westmore; outlet, Mill Brook to Willoughby Lake (tributary through 'Willoughby River to Barton River and Lake Memphre- magog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Long Pond, East. — Washington County; eastern part of Woodbury; inlet, froih Mud Pond; outlet, a stream half a mile long, flowing northeastward to Nichols Pond (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Long Pond, West. — Washington County; northern part of Woodbury; outlet, south- ward to Kingsbury Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Lord Brook. — Windsor and Orange counties; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Sharon at an altitude of 1,640 feet above sea level; flows northeastward to Rices Mills in the southwestern part of the town of Thetford, where it joins West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut); length, about 5 miles. Strafford sheet. Lord Creek. — Orleans County; rises in the southwestern part of Albany; flows northeastward to its junction with Black River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog, and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence) in Irasburg; length, about 8 mUes. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Lost Lake. — Franklin County; northeastern part of Georgia; outlet. Mill River to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map and St. Albans sheet. Lost Pond. — Bennington County; southeastern part of Sunderland ; 1 inlet; outlet, a stream half a mile long flowing northward to South Alder Brook (tributary to Roaring Branch of Batten Kill and thus to the Hudson) ; elevation above sea level, 2,630 feet; fall of outlet, 250 feet. Equinox sheet. Loveland Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the east-central part of Richford; flows northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near the town of Berkshire line; about 5 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Lowell Lake. — Windham County; in the northeastern part of Londonderry; alti- tude, 1,290 feet; chief inlet, a stream from Lily Pond ; outlet, Pond Brook to West River (tributary to the Connecticut); area, 122 acres. Walker map and London- derry sheet. Lucas Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Richford; flows northwestward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near East Richford; about 2 miles long. Walker map. Lulls Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northwest corner of West Windsor, at an altitude of 1,520 feet; flows in general eastward into the Connecticut about two-thirds of a mile north of the town of Windsor line; chief branch, Alder Meadow Brook; fall, 1,220 feet; length, 9 miles. Hanover and Woodstock sheets. 180 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. LuNDS Pond. — Caledonia County; north-central part of town of Groton, on Wells River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. Lye Brook. — Bennington County; rises in Lye Brook Meadows, in the northeastern part of Sunderland, at an elevation of 2,640 feet above sea level ; flows in a general northerly direction about 5 miles, then turns abruptly and flows southwestward to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) ; length, 6 J miles; fall, 1,990 feet, of which 1,890 feet occurs in the northward-flowing stretch. Equinox sheet. Lye Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in Pigeon Pond, in the western part of Groton; flows northwestward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Marshfield, Washington County; length, about 5 miles. Colton map and Walker map. Lypord Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of the town of Walden; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing southeastward into Joes Pond (tributary through Joes Brook to Connecticut River). Walker map. Lyman Branch op Williams River. — See Williams River. Lyman Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the central part of Simderland, at an altitude of 2,460 feet above sea level; flows southwestward about IJ miles to its junction with Roaring Branch (tributary to Batten Kill, a branch of the Hud- son); fall, 500 feet. Equinox sheet. M. Mad Brook. — Orleans County; a small stream in the southeastern part of Charleston, flowing northward into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Mad River. — Addison County; rises in the northern part of Granville; flows north- ward and northeastward across the towns of Warren, Waitsfield, and Moretown, Washington County, to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), 6 miles northwest of Montpelier; length, about 18 miles; many small tributaries; the maps show no ponds or lakes in this basin; gaging station near Moretown, 1910. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Mad Tom Brook. — Bennington County; rises on the southern slope of Mount Tabor, in the northwestern part of the town of Peru, at an altitude of 2,900 feet above sea level; flows southward and southwestward to East Dorset, where it joins a small stream from the north and takes the name of Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson); length, about 5J miles; fall, 2,100 feet; several tributaries, two of which rise on the northwestern slope of Bromley Mountain at altitudes exceed- ing 2,800 feet. Wallingford, Londonderry, and Equinox sheets. See Batten Kill. Maidstone Lake. — Essex County; west-central part of the town of Maidstone; outlet, a stream less than 1 mile long flowing northwestward into Paul Stream (tributary to the Connecticut River); about 3 miles long and nearly 1 mile in maximum width. Walker map. Malletts Creek. — Chittenden County; rises in Milton Pond, in the eastern part of Milton; flows in a general southwesterly course into Malletts Bay, Lake Cham- plain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 10 miles long; tributary from Colchester Pond. Colton map. Walker map, post-route map, and Milton sheet. Manchester Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the northern part of the town of Ryegate; flows southeastward tlirough Syms Pond into Connecticut River near East Ryegate post office; about 6 miles long. Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STEEAMS. ISl' Maquam Creek. — Franklin County; a channnel in the marsb. between Maquam Bay and Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Cbamplain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. Marlboro Branch. — ^Windham County; rises in the western part of the town of Marlboro, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows northeastward across Marlboro and the southeastern part of Newfane and joins West River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the northwestern part of the town of Dummerston; length, about 12 miles; fall, 1,820 feet, of which 1,000 feet occurs in 2 miles at the head; principal tributaries, Rock River and Baker Brook. Wilmington and Brattle- boro sheets. Marls Pond. — Caledonia County; eastern part of town of Sutton; a small pond be- tween two of the headwater branches of West Branch of Passumpsic River (tribu- tary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Marsh Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Rochester, at an altitude of 2,100 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction and joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) about 2 miles above the village of Rochester; length, 4 miles; fall, 1,250 feet. Rochester sheet. Martins Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the northern part, of Middlesex; flows southeastward into North Branch Winooski River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Martins Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of the town of Peacham; outlet, a stream flowing northeastward to the stream connecting Foster Pond with Harvey Lake and Stevens River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. May Pond. — Orleans County; eastern part of the town of Barton: outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing northwestward half a mile and south westward IJ miles into Crystal Lake (outlet through Barton River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. McCoNNELL Pond. — Essex County; town of Brighton; a small pond on the head- water stream of Nulhegan River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. Meadow Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of Topsham; flows southeastward 1 mile, then northeastward 2 miles into Wells River (tribu- tary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Meadow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in southeastern part of Wallingford, at an altitude of 2,180 feet above sea level; flows somewhat north of east about 2 miles to its junction with Mill River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Cham- plain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Mount Holly; fall, 720 feet. Wallingford sheet. Mears Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream draining a part of the northwestern slope of Equinox Mountain and flowing northwestward into Green River (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) at the village of Beartown. Equinox sheet. Mbcawee Pond. — ^Windsor County; northwestern corner of Reading; altitude, 1,420 feet; discharges by a stream about 1 mile long flowing southwestward into Hale Hollow Brook, a branch of Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; small. Woodstock sheet. Memphremagog, Lake. — Partly in Canada and partly in Orleans County, Vt., be- tween the towns of Derby and Newport; principal tributaries in Vermont, Black, Barton, and Clyde rivers; outlet northward by Magog River to St. Francis River and thence to the St. Lawrence; about 33 miles long, 2 to 3 miles wide, and covers an area of 75 square miles, of which 15 square miles (approximately) is in Vermont. The tributary basin contains many lakes. Geology of Vermont, 2 vols., 1861; Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. 18^ ^UEFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. Mendon Brook. — Rutland County; rises on Mendon Peak, in the southeastern part of Mendon, at an altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level; flows south westward into Northern Branch of Cold River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northwestern part of the town of Shrewsbury; length, about 4 miles; fall, 1,850 feet, of which 1,000 feet occurs in the first IJ miles of its coiu'se. Rutland sheet. Metcalf Pond. — Franklin County; northern part of Fletcher; outlet, Black Creek to Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 1 mile long by one-fourth mile wide. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Mettawee River. — Bennington Coimty; rises on the slopes of the Mettawee in the northern part of the town of Dorset, the tiny streams that make the headwaters starting at altitudes of 3,200 feet above sea level; from the foot of the Mettawee (1,400 feet above sea level) the stream flows southward about 2 miles, then turns abruptly to the west and northwest, passes through the towns of Rupert and Paw- let, Vt., and Granville, Washington County, N. Y., and continues its northwesterly course, though with many bends and sharp turns, to its junction with East Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), at Whitehall, N. Y. Including the major bends its length is about 40 miles; total fall in the 38 miles below the foot of the Mettawee, about 1,300 feet. Drain- age area, 208 square miles, of which 152 square miles is in Vermont. The coim- try drained is exceedingly rugged and the river has many short tributaries draining steep mountain slopes. In Vermont the principal tributaries are Flower and Wells brooks, the last-named carrying the overflow from St. Cath- arine Lake, which reaches it through Little Pond and Mill Brook. The princi- pal tributaries of the Mettawee in New York are Indian River, which comes in just below Granville, and W^ood Creek, which enters above Whitehall. Paw- let, Fort Ann, and Whitehall sheets. Middle Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of West Fairlee; flows west of south about 6 miles into Fairlee Lake (outlet through Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut). Walker map. MiDDLEBURY RiVER. — Addison County; formed near Ripton by union of South and Middle branches; the South Branch, or continuation of the main stream, rises in Pleiad Lake in the western part of Hancock and takes a general northwesterly course; below the mouth of Middle Branch the river flows westerly to its junc- tion with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence), about a mile northwest of Farmingdale, in the town of Middlebury; length, including major windings, about 10 miles; fall from Ripton (elevation, 1,100 feet) to Farmingdale, 740 feet, of which 600 feet occurs in the 3 miles between East Middlebury and Ripton. Rochester and Brandon sheets and Walker map. Middlebury River, Middle Branch. — ^Addison Coimty; rises in the eastern part of the town of Ripton; flows southward to the village of Ripton, where it unites with the South Branch to form Middlebury River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), Rochester sheet. Middlebury River, North Branch. — Addison County; formed by two streams that drain the mountain slopes in southwestern Lincoln and northwestern Ripton and unite at an altitude of 1,500 feet; flows southward and southwestward to its junction with Middlebury River (tributary through Otter Creek to Laka Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southeastern part of Middlebury Township; length, about 7 miles. Fall, below junction of principal headwater streams, 630 feet; tributary, Alder Brook. Middlebury and Brandon sheets. Middlebury River, South Branch. — See Middlebury River. GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 183 Miles Pond. — Essex County; north-central part of the town of Concord; outlet, Miles Brook (tributary to Connecticut River); about 1-| miles long and more than half a mile wide. Walker map. Miles Stream. — Essex county; rises in the northern part of Concord; flows south- ward to Miles Pond, then southeastward through the pond and discharges into Connecticut River; principal tributaries, East Brook and First Brook. Walkermap. Mill Brook. — Bennington County; rises near the center of Sunderland, at an alti- tude of 2,550 feet above sea level; flows southwest ward, westward, and northwest- ward to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson) at Sunderland; length, 4J miles; fall, about 1,920 feet, of which about 1,600 feet occurs within 2"^ miles at the head of the stream. Equinox sheet. Mill Brook. — Bennington County; formed in the northeastern part of Winhall by two branches rising at altitudes of about 1,880 feet in the towns of Peru and Winhall; flows southeastward, northeastward about 1 mile, then southeastward across the southwestern corner of Londonderry and joins Winhall River, a branch of West River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the northwest corner of Jamaica; one small pond near the head of its course; chief branch, Eddy Brook; fall, 830 feet; length, about 8 miles. Londonderry sheet. Mill Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the northeastern part of Bolton; flows westward to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southwestern part of the town of Jericho; length, about 8 miles. Colton map and Walker map. Mill Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of Underbill; flows northwestward into Browns River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 2 miles long. Walker map. Mill Brook. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Bloomfield; flows southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River, 1 J miles northeast of Bloom- field post office. Walker map. Mill Brook. — Essex County; risesin eastern part of Granby; flows southeastward into Gaskill Brook (tributary to Connecticut River) ; about 4 miles long. Walker map. Mill Brook.— Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Lemington; flows southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River. Walker map. Mill Brook. — Essex County; a stream about 4 miles long, rising in the western part of the town of Victory and flowing very irregularly eastward to its junction with Umpire Brook, with which it forms Bog Brook (tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. Mill Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Fairfax; flows southward and southwestward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 6 miles long. Colton map, Walker map, and Milton sheet. Mill Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southeastern part of Richford; flows southwestward into Trout River (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the north- western part of the town of Montgomery; 6 miles long. Walker map; called East Brook on Colton map. Mill Brook. — Franklin County; rises near the center of Richford; flows westward and then southwestward into Trout River (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) which it .enters in the northwest corner of the town of Montgomery about 2 miles north- west of the mouth of another Mill Brook; 4^ miles long. Colton map. Walker map. Mill Brook.— Orange County; rises in the north-central part of Braintree; flows southeastward 4 miles into Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to White River and thus to the Connecticut) in the western part of Randolph; passes through Mud Pond near the head of the stream. Walker map. 184 SUEFACE WATERS OF VEEMOISTT. Mill Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of Lowell, on Lo^^ell Mountains; flows southeastward into Black River (tributary through Lake Mem- phremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence), in the town of Albany; about 2 miles long. Walker map. Mill Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the north-central part of Westfield; flows southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 3 J miles long. Walker map. Mill Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Long Pond in Westmore; flows northwest- ward and westward 3 miles into Willoughby Lake; outlet through Willoughby River to Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Ma- gog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Mill Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Danby, at an altitude of 2,100 feet above sea level; flows in a general northeasterly course to Otter Creek (tributary through Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), which it joins near Mount Tabor in the town of Mount Tabor; length, about 7 miles; fall, 1,450 feet; receives the overflow from Danby Pond and has a number of small tributaries which drain the eastern slopes of Woodlawn Mountain and the northern slopes of Dorset Mountain and start at altitudes of 2,500 to 3,300 feet above sea level. Pawlet and Wallingford sheets. Mill Brook. — Rutland County; rises in Little Pond, the southern arm of St. Cath- arine Lake, in Wells, at an altitude of 477 feet above sea level; flows southwest- ward about 1^ miles to Wells Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, about 50 feet. Pawlet sheet. Mill Brook. — Washington County; rises in the western part of Faystown; flows southeastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the western part of the town of Waitsford; length, about 4 miles. Walker map. Mill Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the central part of the town of Windham; flows southward to the northeastern part of the town of Jamaica, where it joins Sharp Brook to form Howard Brook (tributary through West River to the Con- necticut). Walker map. Mill Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the north-central part of Pomfret, at an altitude of 1,340 feet; flows northward and eastward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) at the boundary line between Pomfret and Hartford; length, including major windings, about 7J miles; fall, 950 feet. Woodstock and Hanover sheets. Mill Brook. — See also Fay Brook. Miller Brook. — Lamoille Coimty; rises in the western part of Stowe; flows south- eastward into Waterbury River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), 1-| miles west of Moscow post office; about 3 miles long. Walker map. Miller Pond. — Orange County; northeastern part of the town of Strafford; one in- flowing stream; outlet, a stream 3 miles long flowing southwestward into Abbott Brook (tributary through West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River to Ompom- panoosuc River and thus to the Connecticut); altitude, about 1,340 feet. Straf- ford sheet. Millers Run. — Caledonia County; rises in Duck Pond in the northern part of the town of Sheffield; flows southward to Sheffield post office, thence southeastward across the northeastern corner of Wheelock to the central part of the town of Lyndon, where it joins Passumpsic River (tributary to Connecticut River); length, about 15 miles. Walker map. MiLLiGAN Pond. — Orange County; town of Topsham; a small pond discharging by a stream flowing northeastward into Wells River (tributary to the Connecticut), in the southern part of the town of Groton. Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 185 Mill Rivee. — Chittenden County; rises in the northeastern part of Underhill; flows northwestward about 3 miles, then northeastward and northward to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Cambridge, Lamoille County; about 6 miles long. Walker map. Mill River. — Franklin County; rises in Lost Lake, in the northeastern part of the town of Georgia; flows southwestward, westward, east of north, and finally northwestward into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; between source and mouth the distance in a straight line is about 3 miles; follow- ing the course, of the stream it is 6 miles. Colton map, Walker map, and St. Albans sheet. Mill River. — Orleans County; rises in Seymour Lake; flows southwestward to Echo Pond, thence southward to Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Mill River. — Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Mount Holly, at an altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; takes a general northwesterly course to East Clarendon, where it turns abruptly and flows southwestward to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) half a mile southwest of Clarendon; length, about 16 miles; fall, 1,750 feet, of which 600 feet is in the first mile of its course; principal tribu- taries. Meadow and Russell brooks and streams from Jackson, Wallingford, and Shrewsbury ponds. Wallingford and Rutland sheets. Mill River. — Windsor County; rises in the northwestern part of Reading; flows southeastward through Reading, eastward through West Windsor, eastward and northeastward through Windsor into the Connecticut River near Windsor post office; branches, Beaver, Reading Hill, and Bailey brooks; length, 15 miles. Walker map and Woodstock and Hanover sheets. Mills Brook. — Washington County; rises in the southeastern part of Warren; flows westward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Walker map. Milton Pond. — Chittenden County; northeastern part of town of Milton; outlet, Malletts Creek to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; altitude, 834 feet. Milton sheet. Minister Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in the western part of Worcester; flows southeastward into North Branch Winooski River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Worcester postoffice; about 4J miles long. Walker map. Mink Brook. — Essex County; a stream IJ miles long rising in the northern part of the town of Bloomfield; flows southwestward to East Branch of Nulhegan River (tributary through Nulhegan River to the Connecticut) . Walker map and private surveys. Minks Brook. — Essex County; rises in Brooks Pond in the central part of the town of Concord; flows southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River. Walker map. MiNOT Brook. — Windham County; rises in the western part of Westminster; flows east of south across Westminster and the northeastern part of Putney into Con- necticut River; length, about 9 miles; unnamed on the Walker map. Post- route map. MiNTON Brook. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Lunenburg, northwest of Baldwin Mou^ntain, at an altitude of 1,600 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 5 miles into Connecticut River; fall, 760 feet. Whitefield sheet. 186 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. MissiSQuoi River. — Orleans County; formed by the junction of two branches, one rising in the mountainous region near Lowell, in the southwestern part of Orleans County, Vt., and flowing in a general northerly direction, the other rising near Bolton, in Brome, Quebec, and taking a southerly course; the two unite at Mansonville, in Brome, and the river takes a general westerly course to Lake Champlain (outlet through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence), which it enters at Missisqtioi Bay; from Troy to Richford its course lies in Canada. The river has many tributaries, the largest being North Branch, Trout River, Tylers Branch, and Black Creek. Throughout its course the Missisquoi flows alternately through long stretches haAdng gentle slope and shorter sections havingmuch greater fall. Power sites along the river are fairly numerous, but storage is not well developed. Gaging stations: Near Richford, 1909-1916; at Swanton, 1903. Report on the geology of Vermont, by Edward Hitchcock et al., 2 vols., 1861; Colton map, Walker map, post-route map; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 108-110, 1910; St. Albans sheet; and Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec. Mitchell Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Sharon, at an altitude of about 1,640 feet; flows southwestward, crossing and recrossing the boundary between Sharon and Norwich, through Mitchell Pond, and enters White River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the southern part of Sharon; fall, about 1,240 feet; length, about 7 miles. Strafford and Hanover sheets. Mitchell Pond. — ^Windsor County; in the southeastern part of Sharon; altitude, 900 feet; two inlets, one of which is Mitchell Brook; outlet, Mitchell Brook to White River (tributary to the Connecticut); about half a mile long. Hanover sheet. Mollys Brook. — ^Washington County; rises in Mollys Pond, in the eastern part of Cabot; flows southwest and west into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern part of the town of Marshfield; tributary from Onion (Winooski) River Pond. Colton map and Walker map. Mollys Pond. — ^Washington County; eastern part of Cabot; two small inflowing streams; outlet, Mollys Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about three-fourths mile long. Colton map and Walker map. Money Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Plymouth; flows east into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); about 2 miles long. Walker map. MoNKTON Pond. — Addison County; northern part of Monkton; 2 small inlets; out- let, a stream 2| miles long flowing northward to Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the south- western part of Hinesburg; area, 118 acres; elevation, above sea level, 491 feet; fall of outlet, 180 feet; pond is about half a mile long and nearly as wide. Middlebury and Burlington sheets. Moon Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of East Mountain in Mendon, at an altitude of 850 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Rutland; length, about 4 miles; fall, 320 feet. Rutland sheet. Moores Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of Barnet; inlet, from Warden Pond; outlet, a stream 3 miles long, flowing eastward into Connecticut River. Walker map. Moores Ponds. — ^Windsor County; two small ponds at the eastern base of Mount Tom, near the source and in the course of Pinney Hollow Brook, branch of Hale Hollow Brook (tributary through Ottauquechee River to the Connecticut); in the central part of Plymouth; altitude, about 1,400 feet. Woodstock sheet. GAZETTEER OF STEEAMS. 187 Moose River. — Essex and Caledonia counties; rises in the central part of the town of East Haven 3 miles southwest of Mount Seneca; flows southeastward into the western part of the town of Granby, southwestward across the town of Victory to West Concord, northwestward into the eastern part of St. Johnsbury, then again southwestward across the southern part of St. Johnsbury to its junction with Pas- sumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, including the major windings, about 28 miles; principal tributaries, Granby Stream and Bog and Putnam brooks. Walker map. MoREY Lake. — Orange County; eastern part of town of Fairlee; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing west of south into Connecticut River. On this pond Samuel Morey plied his steamboat in 1793. Walker map; called Fairlee Pond on Colton map. Morgan Brook. — Chittenden County; a stream tributary to Browns River (tribu- tary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in Westford. Milton sheet. Morrill Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the town of Chit- tenden at an altitude of 2,400 feet; flows in a southeasterly direction 2| miles and joins West Branch of Tweed River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) at Michigan Camp; fall, 950 feet. Rochester sheet. MoRRiLLS Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the western part of the town of Dan- ville; flows eastward to North Danville post ofiice, then southeastward into the town of St. Johnsbury, where it joins Sleepers River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut); length, about 6 miles. Colton map and Walker map. Moss Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the extreme northern part of the town of Middletown, at an altitude of 1,800 feet above sea level; flows south- westward about 4 miles to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the south- eastern part of the town of Poultney; fall, about 1,200 feet. Castleton sheet. Mountain Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Richford; flows westward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Mud Creek. — Addison County; rises on Buck Mountain in the eastern part of Wal- tham, at an altitude of 400 feet above sea level; flows southeastward about 1^ miles, then turns abruptly and flows northward to its junction with Little Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southeastern part of Ferrisburg Township; length, about 8 miles; fall, 230 feet. Middlebury sheet. Mud Creek. — Grand Isle County; flows southward through a swamp in the north- eastern part of Alburg, discharging into Ransom Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River t o the St. Lawrence) ; about 4 miles long. Rouses Point sheet. Mud Creek. — Orleans County; rises in the southeastern part of Newport; flows northeastward and then northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) in Brome, Canada; about 13 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Muddy Branch. — Addison County; rises in Dow Pond, in the eastern part of the town of Middlebury, at an altitude of 420 feet above sea level; flows in a general northwesterly course into New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about a mile west of Brooksville: length, about 5 miles; fall, 160 feet. Middlebury sheet. 188 SUEPACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Muddy Brook. — Chittendeu County; rises in Shelburne Pond, in the eastern part of Shelbume, at an altitude of 329 feet above sea level; flows in a general course somewhat east of north to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); forms boundary between the towns of South Burlington and Williston; length, about 6 miles; fall, 130 feet; principal tributaries, Sucker and Allen brooks. Walker map, post-route map, and Burlington sheet; called Allen Brook on Colton map. Mud Hollow Brook. — Chittenden County; rises on the southeastern slope of Pease Mountain in Charlotte, at an altitude of 320 feet above sea level; flows somewhat east of north to its junction with La Platte River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 4 miles; fall, 100 feet; tributary, Bingham Brook. Burlington sheet. Mud Pond. — Addison County; one-fourth mile west of Lake Dunmore, in northern part of Leicester, at east foot of Mount Pleasant; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long flowing northwestward and westward to Leicester River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) at Salisbury; area, 26 acres; elevation above sea level, 585 feet; fall of outlet, 190 feet. Brandon sheet. Mud Pond. — Addison County; southern part of town of Orwell; outlet, a stream one-half mile long flowing southward to Sunset Lake (outlet through Little Pond to Hubbardton and Poultney rivers and thus through Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence) ; elevation above sea level, 650 feet; above Sunset Lake, 147 feet. Ticonderoga sheet. Mud Pond. — Bennington County; a small pond in the southeastern part of Peru, discharging by a stream into Winhall Brook and thus to Winhall River, a branch of West River (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,400 feet; Walker map and Londonderry sheet. Mud Pond. — Bennington County; northeastern part of Stamford; altitude, 2,260 feet; outlet, a short stream flowing northerly into the stream between Stamford Pond and West Branch of Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut); very small. Bennington sheet. Mud Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of town of Peacham; a very small pond discharging eastward to the stream connecting Foster Pond with Harvey Lake and Stevens River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Mud Pond. — Essex County; south-central part of the town of Granby, on Granby Stream (tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. Mud Pond. — Essex County; a small pond on Catsbow Brook (tributary to Connecticut River) just north of the Guildhall-Lunenburg township line. Walker map. Mud Pond. — Lamoille County; northwestern part of town of Eden; outlet, a stream about IJ miles long flowing southeastward through Ritterbush Pond to Fryingpan Brook (tributary through Gihon River to Lamoille River, and thus through Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. Mud Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing west and then south to Green River (tributary through La- moille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. Mud Pond. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small pond drained by Mill Brook, a tributary of Ayers Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to White River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. Mud Pond. — Orange County; central part of the town of Thetford; one small inflow- ing stream; outlet, a stream less then 1 mile long flowing westward into Vershire Brook (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut); smalL Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 189 Mud Pond. — Orleans County; near central part of Craftsbury; inlet, Black River; outlet, Black River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis livers to the St. Lawrence) ; about half a mile long. Walker map. Mud Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of Greensboro; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing southward to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Mud Pond. — Orleans County; a small pond in the northern part of the town of Mor- gan, discharging by a stream flowing southeastward into Seymour Lake (outlet by Mill River to Clyde River, which is tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Mud Pond. — Washington County; northern part of Marshfield; one inlet; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing southeastward to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champ lain and thus through Richeheu River to the St. Lawrence). Col- ton map and Walker map. Mud Pond. — Washington County; eastern part of Woodbury; outlet to East Long Pond (outlet through Nichols Pond and Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) by very short channel. Walker map. Mud Pond. — Windham County; in the northern part of Jamaica; altitude, 1,170 feet; discharges by a short stream into West River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and Londonderry sheet. Called Jamaica Pond on Walker map. Mud Pond. — ^Windsor County; in the eastern part of Sharon; two inflowing streams; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long flowing south of west into White River (tribu- tary to Connecticut River) ; small. Strafford sheet. MuNROE Brook. — Chittenden County; rises 1 mile west of Shelbume Pond in the town of Shelbume, at an altitutde of about 380 feet above sea level; flows very irregularly northwestward into Shelburne Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), three-fourths of a mile northeast of the mouth of La Platte River; length, including windings, 4 miles; fall, 180 feet. Burlington sheet. Murphy Brook. — Essex County; a stream IJ miles long, rising in the northeastern part of the town of Lewis; flows southeastward to East Branch of Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and private siirveys. N. Nason Brook. — Windsor County; rises on the western slope of Rochester Mountain, at an altitude of 2,300 feet; flows westerly 4 miles and joins White River (tribu- tary to the Connecticut) 1 mile below the village of Rochester; fall, 1,520 feet. Rochester sheet. Neals Brook. — Essex County; rises in Neals Pond in the central part of the town of Lunenburg; flows east of south 3J miles into Connecticut River; fall, 365 feet. Whitefield sheet. Neals Pond. — Essex County; central part of town of Lunenbiug; outlet, Neals Brook to Connecticut River; pond is about 1^ miles long and nearly 1 mile wide; altitude, 1,195 feet. Whitefield sheet. Negro Brook. — Windham County; a short stream rising in southwestern Townshend and flowing northeastward into West River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Nelsons Pond. — Washington County; on line between Woodbury and Calais; out- let, by a short stream flowing southward into Wheelock Pond (outlet through La- moille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. 190 SURFACE WATERS OF VEEMOISTT. Neshobb River. — Addison County; rises on Hogback Mountain in Goshen, at an altitude of 1,760 feet above sea level; takes a general southwesterly course to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Brandon, through which it passes; length, about 9 miles; fall, 1,420 feet, of which 900 feet occurs in the first 3 miles of its course. Called Mill River on some maps. Brandon sheet. New Boston Brook. — Windsor County; rises near the village of New Boston in the town of Norwich; flows southwestward 3 J miles to its junction with Bloody Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Strafford and Hanover sheets. New Haven River. — Addison County; rises in the northeastern part of Ripton or southern part of Lincoln; flows northwestward to Bristol, where it turns very abruptly and flows in a general southwesterly direction to its junction with Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Brooksville, in the town of New Haven ; length, about 21 miles; in the 12 miles below West Lincoln the river falls about 700 feet, of which 400 feet occur in 3 miles between West Lincoln and Bristol. Just above Bristol the river flows in a deep, narrow valley between Hogback Mountains and South Mountain; below Bristol the valley is more open. Principal tributaries of New Haven River are Baldwin Creek and Muddy Branch. Walker map and Middle- bury sheet. Nichols Pond. — ^Washington County; eastern part of Woodbury; inlet, from East Long Pond; outlet, a stream about 3 miles long flowing irregularly northward to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Niggerhead Brook. — Washington County; rises in Niggerhead Pond, in the eastern part of Marshfield; flows northward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Marshfield; about 2 miles long. Walker map. Niggerhead Pond. — Washington County; eastern part of Marshfield; one inlet; outlet, by Niggerhead Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about three-fourths mile long. Walker map. North Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the town of Middle- town about a mile west of the head of Train Brook, at an altitude of 1,480 feet above sea level; flows southward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Middletown Springs; length, 2J miles; fall, 630 feet. Castleton and Pawlet sheets. North Pond. — Addison County; on South Moiintain in southeastern part of Bristol; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing northward to New Haven River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 2 miles above Bristol; elevation above sea level, 2,100 feet; fall of outlet, 1,400 feet; about one-fourth mile long. Middlebury sheet. North Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of the town of Eden; several small inflowing streams; outlet, Gihon River to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River 1o the St. Lawrence); abou,t IJ miles long; maximum width, about half a mile. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. North Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the western part of the town of Brook- field, drained by a stream flowing eastward into Colts Pond (outlet, a stream flowing to Ayers Brook and thus through Third Branch of White River to White River and to the Connecticut). Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 191 North Pond. — Rutland County; southeastern part of Chittenden; outlet by stream IJ miles long flowing westward to East Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 10 acres; elevation above sea level, 2,265 feet; fall of outlet, 780 feet. Rutland sheet. North Pond. — ^Windham County; northeastern part of the town of Marlboro; outlet, a stream flowing southeastward 3 miles and northeastward 2 miles into West River (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,440 feet; area, 83 acres. Brat- tleboro sheet. North River, East Branch. — "Windham County, Vt., Franklin County, Mass.; formed near Lyonsville in the town of Colrain by the union of its East and West branches. East Branch, which drains the larger area and is therefore considered the continuation of the main stream, rises IJ miles south of East Wilmington, Vt., and takes a general southeasterly course to a point near Colrain, Mass., where it turns south westward, westward, and southward, to receive the West Branch; \ below this junction North River winds southward and southwestward to the point at which it enters Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) 1§ miles north of Shelburne Falls; length to head of East Branch, about 20 miles. Wil- mington, Hawley, and Greenfield sheets. North River, West Branch. — ^Vv^'indham County, Vt., and Franklin County, Mass.; rises in the town of Whittington, Vt.; flows southward 3 miles, then southeast- ward 9 miles to its junction with East Branch (tributary through North River to the Deerfield and thus to the Connecticut) near Lyonsville in the town of Colrain, Mass. Wilmington, Hawley, and Greenfield sheets. Norton Pond. — Essex County; Warren Grant and town of Norton; inlet, the head of Coaticook River; outlet, Coaticook River to Massawippi River (tributary to St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence ) ; about 3 miles long and a quarter of a mile wide. Walker map. Notch Pond. — Essex County; eastern part of town of Ferdinand; inlet, a stream from the south about a mile long; outlet, Wheeler Stream (tributary to the Con- necticut); area, about 26 acres. Walker map and private surveys. Nulh!egA;N Pond. — Essex County; eastern part of town of Brighton; inlet, a stream about 2 miles long draining the east-central part of the town; outlet to Nulhegan River (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. Nulhegan River. — Essex County; rises in the southwestern part of Averys Gore; flows southeastward across the eastern corner of Brighton and the northern parts of Ferdinand and Brunswick and enters Connecticut River at Bloomfield post . office, in the southern part of the town of Bloomfield; drainage area, 124 square miles; principal tributaries, North, Yellow, Black, a!nd East branches, all of which enter from the north. In the headwaters, both on the main stream and on the branches, the valleys are relatively wide and flat with occasional quick stretches in the rivers. From Bloomfield to the mouth of the East Branch the river slope is gentle, with bordering flat meadows and cultivated land. Immediately above the East Branch, for 3f miles, the river is quick falling; above this stretch of quick water the basin is flat for some distance, then another stretch of quick water reaches to the so-called Sherman Eddy Dam. Above Sherman Eddy Dam the basin broadens out and is generally flat. Walker map and private surveys. Nulhegan River, East Branch. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Averill; flows southward 12 miles to the southern part of Bloomfield, where it joins Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecticut); drainage area, approximately 36 Square miles; principal tributaries, Spaulding, Brouillard, Murphy, Fisher, and Mink brooks. Walker map and private surveys. 73175°— wsp 424—17 13 192 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. NuLHEGAN River, North Branch. — Essex County; rises in a small pond west of Black Mountain, in Averys Gore; flows southeastward across the western corner of the town of Lewis, and unites with Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecti- cut) in the northern part of the town of Ferdinand; principal tributary, a stream draining a small pond in the western part of Averys Gore and uniting with the North Branch in the western part of the town of Lewis. Several dams on the stream are used for logging operations, but none of them have any considerable storage; drainage area, 25 square miles. Walker map and private surveys. NuNGE Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northwestern part of Stamford on the southern slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,800 feet; flows southeastward about IJ miles into Roaring Brook, a branch of North Branch of Hoosic River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson); fall, 840 feet. Bennington sheet. O Old City Brook. — Orange County; rises on the southeast slope of Colton Hill in the southwestern part of the town of Vershire, at an altitude of 2,200 feet above sea level; flows southeastward about 1 mile, then southwestward 5 miles to its junc- tion with West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompa- noosuc River to the Connecticut) half a mile north of Strafford. Strafford sheet. Ompompanoosuc River. — Orange and Windsor counties; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Vershire; flows southeastward, passing across the southwest corner of WestFairlee and through Thetford, and enters Connecticut River in the northeastern part of Norwich, Windsor County; in Thetford it receives a stream from Fairlee Lake, but its other tributaries, except the West Branch, are short; length, about 20 miles; called Brook River above Lower Village in Vershire. Walker map, post-route map, and Strafford sheet. Ompompanoosuc River, West Branch. — Orange County; rises on the west slope of Colton Hill in the southwestern part of Vershire, at an altitude of about 2,220 feet above sea level; flows irregularly southward to South Strafford, then south- eastward across the southwest corner of Thetford into Ompompanoosuc River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 16 miles; fall, 1,760 feet, of which 440 feet occurs in the 6 miles below South Strafford; principal tributaries. Old City, Abbott, Lord, and Jackson brooks; many small tributaries draining steep slopes in Strafford. Strafford sheet. Onion River. — See Winooski River. Onion River Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of Peacham; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing northwestward to Mollys Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Oswegatchie River. — Essex County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Brighton; flows northward 4 miles into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Mem- phremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Ottauquechee River. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the town of Sher- burne, high on the slopes of the Green Mountains, one of its tributaries flowing from Pico Pond, more than 2,200 feet above sea level, and another rising north of Killington Peak (4,241 feet), at an altitude of 3,400 feet. From a point near North Sherburne the Ottauquechee flows southeastward to West Bridgewater, • eastward to Bridgewater, northeastward across Woodstock into Hartford, then southeastward to the northeastern part of Hartland, where it joins Connecticut River; length, including major windings, about 38 miles; principal tributaries, North Branch, which joins it in Bridgewater, and South Branch, which joins it in Woodstock; fall, about 2,000 feet. To Sherburne the descent is very rapid, and GAZETTEEE OF STREAMS. 193 the stream from Killington Peak, which enters the main stream at Sherburne, falls more than 2,000 feet in 5 miles. The stream furnishes power for mills at Bridgewater, West Woodstock, Wood- stock, Queechee, and Deweys Mills, and the dam at Taftsville supplies electricity for light and power to this village (Woodstock), West Woodstock, Taftsville, and Queechee. A writer in Industrial Vermont (1914) says that the river has power to spare at all seasons, and that probably not one-half or one-quarter of this energy is utilized. Rutland, Woodstock, and Hanover sheets. Ottauquechee River, North Branch. — Rutland and Windsor counties; formed at Chatauguay, in the northwestern part of Bridgewater, by the union of two streams, one rising in the northeastern part of Sherburne, at an altitude of 2,120 feet, the other in the northwestern part of Bridgewater, at an altitude of 2,040 feet; flows southeastward, eastward, and irregularly southward through Bridgewater, joining Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) near Bridgewater Corners; length, 9 miles. Woodstock sheet. Otter Creek. — Bennington County; rises in Dorset Pond, in the northeastern part of the town of Dorset, at an altitude of about 700 feet above sea level; flows north- ward across Rutland and Addison counties to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at North Ferrisburgh, about 6 miles northwest of Vergennes; length, about 75 miles (map measurement, including the larger windings); total fall, 600 feet; drainage area, 935 square miles, all in Vermont, and of this 615 square miles is above Middlebury. Large tracts on the headwaters of the river are in forest. The slope of the river between Rutland and Middlebury is very small, but between Middlebury and the mouth it is greater. The slopes of the tributary streams are generally steep. Principal tributaries: Mill River, Cold River, East Creek, Clarendon River, Furnace Brook, and Neshobe, Leicester, Middlebury, New Haven, and Lemon Fair rivers. Gaging station at Middlebm-y, 1903-1907 ; 1910-1916. Concerning Otter Creek Hitchcock ^ says: "The valley in which Dorset Pond is situated is remarkable for its narrowness and depth. One would hardly im- agine that upon such a low level would be found the watershed of waters flowing to Long Island Sound in one direction and to the GuH of St. Lawrence in an- other * * *. The very serpentine course of Otter Creek, both above and below Rutland, is due to the loamy character of the meadow. All sluggish streams passing through fine materials are characterized by a meandering course." Surveys and data: Topographic maps of the United States Geological Survey as follows: Pawlet, Wallingford, Castle ton, Rutland, Ticonderoga, Brandon, Port Henry, and Middlebury sheets; post-route map; Walker map; Report on the geology of Vermont, vol. 1, 1881; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Papers 97 (pp. 353-354), 129 (pp. 139-141), 170 (pp. 108-107), 208 (pp. 87-89), 244 (pp. 143-144). Owls Head Pond. — Caledonia County; a small pond in the southwestern part of the town of Peacham, discharging by a stream flowing southeastward into the stream connecting Little Hosmer Pond with Groton Pond (outlet. Wells River to the Connecticut). Walker map. P. Page Pond. — Orleans County; western part of Albany; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing northward to Black River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. 1 Hitchcock, Edward, et aj., Report on the geology of Vermont, vol. 1, pp. 129,130, 1861. 194 SUEFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Paban Creek. — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Shaftsbury, east of Trumbull Mountain, at an altitude of 1,380 feet; flows southwestward through Shaftsbury and west and south to north Bennington, where it joins Wal- loomsac River, a branch of theHoosic (tributary to the Hudson); receives a large branch from the west rising on West Mountain; fall, 880 feet; length, 8 miles. Bennington sheet. Parker Pond. — Orleans County; town of Glover.; inlet (head of Roaring Brook) from Sweeney Pond; outlet. Roaring Brook to Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphreriiagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Law- rence); nearly a mile long and about half a mile wide. Walker map. Passumpsic River. — Caledonia County; rises in Bald Hill Pond in the eastern part of the town of Westmore; flows southeastward 9 miles across the town of Newark into the western part of East Haven, Essex County, southwestward 10 miles to the central part of the town of Lyndon, Caledonia County, then in general southward 15 miles across the towns of St. Johnsbury, Waterford, and Barnet to its junction with Connecticut River at East Barnet; principal tributaries. Millers River, Moose River, and Joes Brook. Gaging stations: Near St. Johnsbury, 1909-1916; at St. Johnsbury Center, 1903. The river is in general quick-falling and there are many power plants along the main stream and on the tributaries. The upper parts of the basin are faMy well forested, the whole area is hilly, and much of it is rocky. Mean annual precipi- tation, about 40 inches. The river is generally frozen throughout the winter. The run-off in the freshet season is usually large. Walker map and U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 261, pp. 143-144, 1911. Passumpsic River, West Branch. — ^Orleans County; rises near the base of Mount Pisgah in the town of Westmore; flows southward to the central part of the town of Lyndon, where it joins the main stream (tributary to Connecticut River) . Walker map. Patch's Pond. — Rutland County; in the northeastern part of Mount Holly; discharges by a short stream flowing north into branch of Black River (tributary to the Con- necticut); small. Walker map. Patterson Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Granville; flows southeastward 5 miles and unites with Alder Meadow Brook to form the head of White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and Rochester sheet. Patterson Brook. — Orange County; a stream about a mile long draining a small area in the central part of the town of Strafford and flowing southwestward into West Branch of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary through Ompompanoosuc River to the Connecticut). Strafford sheet. Paul Stream. — ^Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Ferdinand, flows southeastward about 5 miles, then turns abruptly and flows northeastward 5 • miles across the northwest corner of Maidstone and the southeast comer of Bruns- wick into Connecticut River; principal tributaries. Branch Pond Stream and out- let of Maidstone Lake; drainage area, approximately 50 square miles. Walker map. Peacham Hollow Brook. — See Stevens River. Peach Pond. — Lamoille County; northern part of Wolcott; no outlet shown on map. Walker map. Pecks Pond. — Washington County; western part of the town of Barre; outlet south- eastward to Stevens Brook (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); very small. Walker map. Pensioner Pond. — Or leans County; town of Charleston; in the course of Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 195 Perch Pond. — Rutland County; northern part of the town of Benson; outlet, a stream about 1^ miles long flowing westward to East Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain; outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 37 acres; elevation above sea level, about 550 feet; fall of outlet, 220 feet, of which 110 feet ocCTU" in the first half mile of the outlet and 100 feet within a fourth of a mile near the mouth. Ticonderoga and WMtehall sheets. Perkins Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northern part of the town of Pittsfield, at an altitude of 2,020 feet; flows in a northeasterly direction to Corporation Brook (tributary through White River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,000 feet. Rochester sheet. Pettinglll Pond. — Lamoille County; northeastern part of Hyde Park; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long flowing southeastward to Green River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain; outlet through Richeheu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Phillips Pond. — Orleans County; northeastern part of Westfield; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain; outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Pico Pond. — Rutland County; west-central part of Sherbm-ne; inlet and outlet, Thundering Brook, a branch of Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecti- cut); altitude, about 2,200 feet; small. Rutland sheet. Pierce Pond. — ^Washington County; northern part of town of Brookfield; inlet from Rood Pond; outlet to Second Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Pigeon Pond. — Caledonia Cotmty; western part of Groton; outlet, Lye Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain; outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Pike River. — FrankHn Cotmty; rises in the northern part of Berkshire; flows very irregularly southwestward into the northeastern part of FrankHn Pond and from the outlet of Franklin Pond through Canada to Mssisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Carte Regionale No. 5 of Quebec and Walker map. Pine Brook. — Addison and Windsor Coimties; rises in the southern part of the town of Hancock; flows southward IJ miles into West Branch of White River (tribu- tary through White River to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. Pinney Hollow Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the west-central part of Ply- mouth on the slopes of Blueberry Hill, at an altitude of 1,700 feet; flows north- eastward, passing through Moores Ponds and the northern part of Plymouth, and joins Hale Hollow Brook, a branch of Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Con- necticut) in the southeastern part of Bridgewater; fall, 800 feet; length, 6 miles. Woodstock sheet. Piper Brook. — Addison County; lises in the south-central part of the town of Han- cock; flows in a northerly dii'ection into West Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 2 miles. Walker map and Rochester sheet. Pleiad Lake. — See Dunhams Pond. Plymouth Pond. — ^W^indsor County; in the northwestern part of Plymouth; alti- tude, 1,395 feet; discharges southward by a stream which passes through Black Pond into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 1\ miles. Rut- land sheet. Plymouth Pond. — Windsor Coimty; southeastern part of town of Plymouth; inlet Buffalo Brook; outlet. Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); small. Walker map. 196 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. PoDUNK Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Norwich south of the source of Tigerstown Brook, at an altitude of 1,400 feet; flows southwest- ward and is joined by TigerstoMoi Brook about a quarter mile northeast of its junction with White River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, about 1,040 feet; length, 3| miles. Hanover sheet. PoGUE, The. — ^Windsor County; northern part of Woodstock; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long passing into Barnard Brook just above its junction 'with Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,170 feet; small. Woodstock sheet. Pond Brook. — Addison County; rises in Bristol Pond in the northern part of Bristol, at an altitude of 470 feet above sea level (approximate); takes a general north- erly coiuse to Lewis Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern part of Hinesburg; length, about 8 miles; fall, 140 feet; swampy about Bristol Pond and in middle course. Middlebury and Burlington sheets. Pond Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in Colchester Pond in the eastern part of the town of Colchester; flows south westward 1 mile, then in general north w^est- ward 4 miles to its junction with Malletts Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Milton sheet. Pond Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in Hinesburg Pond in the northern part of Hinesburg, at an altitude of 684 feet above sea level; takes a general south- westerly com'se to its junction with La Platte River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Hinesburg; length, about 3 miles; fall, 355 feet, of which 200 feet occurs in half a mile at Mechanics- ville. Burlington sheet. Pond Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in Westford Pond in the southwestern part of Westford; flows southeastward 1 mile, then east of north 1 mile into Rogers Brook (tributary through Browns River to Lamoille River and Lake Champlain and thus thi'ough Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); intermittent. Milton sheet. Pond Brook. — Essex County; rises in Cow Mountain Pond in the southern part of the town of Granby; flows north of west 2 miles into Granby Stream (tributary through Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. Pond Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in Wolcott Pond, in the eastern part of Wol- cott; flows northwestward, then south westward, then southward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Pond Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in Lowell Lake, in the northeastern part of Londonderry, at an altitude oi 1,290 feet above sea level; flows southward and southwestward into West River (tributary to Connecticut River) in the south- central part of Londonderry; fall, 310 feet; length, about 4 miles. Walker map and Londonderry sheet. Pond Brook. — Windham County; rises on the southwestern slope of Stratton Moun- tain at an altitude 2,390 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 2J miles to Grout Pond, then west of south 2 J miles to the northern part of the town of Somer- set, where it joins East Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall below Grout Pond, 140 feet. Londonderry sheet. Potash Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the eastern part of South Burlington, at an altitude of 350 teet above sea level (approximate) ; flows northward about 1 mile, then turns and flows south of west to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) , which it enters at Queen City Park; length, about 5 miles; fall, 250 feet. Burlington sheet. GAZETTEER OF STKEAMS. 197 Potash Brook. — Orange County; a stream draining a small area in the central part of the town of Corinth and flowing southeastward into South Branch of Waits River (tributary through Waits River to the Connecticut). Walker map. PouLTNEY River. — Rutland County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Tinmouth, at an altitude of 1,800 feet above sea level; takes a tortuous but in general northwesterly course to a point about 3 miles northwest of Fair Haven, then turns and flows westward 4 miles to the mouth of Coggman Creek, where it makes another abrupt turn and flows west of soiith through East Bay to its junction with Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) near Whitehall, N. Y.; length, including major windings, about 35 miles; fall, approximately 1,600 feet, of which 500 feet occurs in the first 2 miles of its course and 126 feet at Carvers Falls near Fair Haven; principal tributaries, Castle- ton and Hubbardton rivers. The basin contains a number of large lakes. Below the village of Poultney the- river forms the boundary between Rutland County, Vt., and Washington County, N. Y. Gaging station at Fair Haven, 1908. Sur- veys and data from Paw let, Castleton, and Whitehall sheets and Walker map. Preston Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southern part of Bolton; flows northward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2 miles long. Walker map. Pretty Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of the town of Lyndon; connected with West Brook (tributary through Passiunpsic River to the Connecticut) by a very short southward -flowing stream. V/alker map. Prince Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the eastern part of Bolton; flows south- ward into Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 3 miles long. Walker map. Pringle Brook.— Chittenden County; rises near the village of Charlotte, at an ele- vation of 240 feet above sea level; flows southwestward half a mile, then north- westward into Home Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, IJ miles; fall, 100 feet. Willsboro sheet. Proper Pond. — Franklin County; northern part of the town of Highgate; discharges by a stream flowing southwestward and westward toward the marsh along Rock River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); altitude, 212 feet. St. Albans sheet. Pruddy Brook. — Bennington County; a small stream tributary to Green River (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) ; drains the south slope of MofBtt Mountain in the town of Sandgate. Equinox sheet. Putnam Brook. — Caledonia and Essex counties; rises in the eastern part of the town of Kirby ; flows southeastward 4 miles and joins Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut) near West Concord. Walker map. Q. Qxjation Brook. — ^Windsor and Orange counties; rises at an altitude of 1,560 feet near the boundary between the towns of Strafford and Sharon; flows southwest- ward into White River (tributary to the Connecticut); several small branches, one being a stream from Bush Pond, in the northern part of Sharon; fall, 1,080 feet; length, 5 miles. Walker map and Strafford sheet. R. Rake Branch. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the central part of Woodford, Bennington County, on the northern slope of Prospect Mountain, at an altitude of 2,440 feet; flows northeastward through several ponds, the largest being Billings Pond in the northeastern part of Woodford, across the northwest corner of Searsburg, and joins Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the southwest part of Somerset; chief branch, Redfield Brook; fall, 490 feet; length, 7 miles. Bennington and Wilmington sheets. 198 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMON"T. Raponda Lake. — See Ray Pond. Ray Pond. — Windham County; eastern part of the town of Wilmington; outlet, Bill Brook to North Branch ot Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); altitude 1,850 feet above sea level; area, 166 acres; fall of out- let, 250 feet; also known as Lake Raponda. Wilmington sheet. Reading Hill Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of Reading, at an altitude of 1,500 feet; flows southward to its junction with Mill River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 3§ miles. Woodstock sheet. Reading Pond. — ^Windsor County; a small pond on the boimdary line between Reading and Plymouth, discharging by Buffalo Brook into Plymouth Pond and thus into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Readsboro Pond. — Bennington County; western part of Readsboro; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long flowing southeastward into West Branch of Deerfield River (tributary to the Connecticut) about 1 mile above Readsboro ; about half a mile long; area, 54 acres; altitude, 1,970 feet. Walker map and Wilmington sheet on which it is unnamed. Red Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the southern part of the town of Peacham; flows southeastward 4 miles and southwestward 3 miles into Wells River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Redpield Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northeastern part of Wood- ford, at an altitude of 2,340 feet; flows northeastward about 31 miles into Rake Branch (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut) ; receives branches from Hagar Hill and Little Pond in the northern part of Woodford; fall, 450 feet. Bennington sheet. Reservoir Pond. — Windham County; east-central part of the town of Marlboro; two outlets, one being a stream passing northwestward to Marlboro Branch (tribu- tary through West River to the Connecticut) and the other by way of Whet- stone Brook (tributary to the Connecticut) at Brattleboro. Walker map; not named on Brattleboro sheet. Richmond Brook. — Windsor County; rises in Lakota Lake in the southern part of Barnard, at an altitude of 1,885 feet; flows south of east to its junction with Gulf Stream (tributary through. Barnard Brook to Ottauquechee River, a branch, of the Connecticut) in the eastern part of Barnard; fall, 875 feet; length, 3^ miles. Woodstock sheet. Richmond Pond. — Chittenden County; northeastern part of Richmond; outlet, southward to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) by a stream about 2 miles long; this stream carries also the overflow from Sanborn Pond. Colton map and Walker map. Ripord Brook. — Orange County; town of Braintree; a small eastward-flowing tribu tary of Third Branch of White River (tributary through White River to the C onnecticut) . Rochester sheet . RiTTERBusH PoND. — Lamoille County; northwestern part of the town of Eden; inlet from Mud Pond; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing eastward to Fryingpan Brook (tributary through. Gihon River to Lamoille River and Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; very small. Walker map. Roach Pond. — Rutland County; west-central part of town of Hubbard ton; outlet, a stream one-fourth mile long flowing eastward to Austin Pond (outlet to Bomo- seen Lake and thus through Castleton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain to Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence), area, 17 acres; elevation above sea level, 537 feet; fall of outlet, 69 feet. Castleton sheet. Roaring- Branch. — Bennington County; rises in the western part of Stamford on a southern slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,780 feet; flows north- westward into Pownal, where it joins South Stream (tributary through Walloomsac River to Hoosic River and thus to the Hudson) near the Bennington boundary line; fall, 1,770 feet; length, 4 miles. Bennington sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 199 Roaring Branch. — Bennington County; formed in the southeastern part of Sunder- land, at an altitude of 2,240 feet above sea level, by the union of North Alder and South Alder brooks; takes a very irregular course west and northwest about 9 miles to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson), 1 mile north- east of Arlington; total fall, 1,600 feet; principal tributaries. South Fork and Fayville Branch. Equinox sheet. Roaring Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northern part of Stamford on the southern slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,580 feet; flows south- ward and southeastward into North Branch of Hoosic River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson) in the southern part of Stamford; chief branch, Nunge Brook; fall, 1,480 feet; length, 6 miles. Bennington sheet. Roaring Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the west-central part of Underhill; flows southwestward to its junction with Browns River (tributary through La. moille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northern part of the town of Jericho; about 5 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Roaring Brook. — Essex County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Averill; flows northeastward across the town of Canaan into Connecticut River near Canaan post office; length, about 6 miles. Walker map. Roaring Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 6 miles long flowing southeast- ward in the town of Bradford near the boundary between that town and Newbury and discharging into Connecticut River. Walker map. Roaring Brook. — ^Orleans County; rises in Sweeney Pond in the western part of the town of Glover; flows eastward into Parker Pond, thence northeastward and eastward into Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); length, about 7 miles. Walker map. Roaring Brook. — Rutland County; rises in Buffum Pond in the southern part of the town of Mount Tabor, at an altitude of 2,650 feet above sea level; flows northward into Big Branch (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Griffith; length, about 4 miles; fall, 1,000 feet; several small tributaries, one of which carries the over- flow from three small ponds. Wallingford sheet. Roaring Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of Wallingford, at an altitude of 1,700 feet above sea level; flows in a course somewhat south of west for 2§ miles, then northwestward for 2 miles to Otter Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Walling- ford; fall, about 1,170 feet. Wallingford sheet. Robins Branch. — Addison County; rises in the western part of the town of Hancock; flows eastward to Hancock post office, where it joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 5 miles. Walker map and Rochester sheet. Rock River. — Franklin County; rises in the southwestern part of Franklin; flows southwestward into the town of Highgate, then northward into St. Arnold, Canada, where it turns and flows back into Highgate to its entrance into Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 13 miles long; principal tributary in Vermont, Saxe Brook. Colton map, Walker map, post-route map, and St. Albans sheet. Rock River. — ^Windham County; rises in the northern part of the town of Dover, at altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; flows southeastward 8 miles to south New- fane, where it joins Marlboro Branch (tributary through West River to the Con- necticut); fall, 1,660 feet, of which 800 feet occurs in 2 miles at the head. Wil- mington and Brattleboro sheets. 200 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT, Rocky Brook. — Washington County; rises in the western part of Northfield; flows southeastward into Dog River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 4 miles. Col ton map; unnamed on Walker map. Rocky Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of town of Sutton; two small in- flowing streams; outlet to West Branch of Passumpsic River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut); small. Walker map. Rodman Brook. — Lamoille County; rises near the central part of Hyde Park; flows southward into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part of Morristown Town- ship; about 5 miles long. Walker map. Rogers Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the western part of the town of West- ford ; flows southeastward 3 miles, northeastward 1 mile, then southeastward again half a mile into Browns River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Milton sheet. Rogers Brook. — Windsor County; rises on the southwestern slope of Rochester Mountain at an altitude of 2,000 feet; flows westerly 3 miles and joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) 2 miles below the village of Rochester; fall, 1,230 feet. Rochester sheet. Rood Pond. — ^Washington County; southwestern part of Williamstown; very small; outlet, Second Branch of White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Roods Pond. — Chittenden County; western part of Milton; outlet, a stream about 3 miles long flowing northward 2^ miles then southwestward one-half mile to its junction with Stone Bridge Brook (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); altitude, 374 feet. Milton sheet. Root Pond. — Rutland County; at northeast base of Shaw Mountain, in the south- western part of the town of Benson; one inlet, flowing through a swampy area lying northwest of the lake; outlet, a stream three-fourths mile long flowing southeastward to Coggman Creek (tributary through Poultney River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); area, 40 acres; elevation above sea level, 370 feet; fall of outlet, 160 feet. Whitehall sheet. Round Pond. — Caledonia County; town of Sheffield; a very small pond connected with a short stream flowing northwestward into Long Pond (outlet through Bar- ton River to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Round Pond. — Essex County; in Warren Grant; an expansion of the southern end of Norton Pond; outlet, Coaticook River to Massawippi River (tributary to St. Francis River and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Round Pond. — Orange County; west-central part of town of Newbxu-y; a small pond within the area drained by Chalmers Brook (tributary to the Connecticut); no outlet mapped. Walker map. RuGG Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the south-central part of St. Albans; flows in general southwestward into Mill River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. St. Albans sheet. Runaway Pond. — Orleans County; southern part of the town of Glover; at the head of Barton River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence) . In the early part of the nineteenth century a pond called Long Pond lay across the line between Greensboro and Glover and was the head of Lamoille River. A short distance north lay a small pond from which Barton River flowed. In order to increase the supply for a mill on Barton River, an attempt was made on June 6, 1810, to open a channel through the bank between GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 201 the two ijonds. This bank proved to consist cliiefly of loose sand, and as soon as tlie water began flowing northward it immediately cut an immense channel by which all the waters of Long Pond were discharged in a few minutes. The flood destroyed the mills and other property along Barton River and the bed of Long Pond was left bare. This bed is now known by the name ' ' Runaway Pond, ' ' but a small stream flowing from its north end forms the head branch of Barton River. Walker map; Geography and geology of Vermont, by Zadock Thompson, pp. 194-195, Burlington, 1848; Report on the geology of Vermont, by Edward Hitch- cock and others, vol. 2, pp. 729-730. Rush Pond. — Lamoille County; southern part of the town of Eden; outlet, a stream IJ miles long flowing northeastward to South Pond (tributary through Gihon River to Lamoille River and thus through Lake Champlain and Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about half a mile long. Colton map and Walker map. Russell Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of Shrewsbury, at an altitude of 2,040 feet above sea level; flows southwest and then west to its junction with Mill River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richeheu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northeastern part of the town of Wallingford; length, about 5J miles; fall, about 1,000 feet; several unnamed tributaries. Wallingford sheet. S. Sabine Pond. — Washington County; southern part of Woodbury; inlet, Kingsbiu-y Brook; outlet by Kingsbury Brook to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Sacketts Brook. — Windham County; rises in the southwestern part of Westminster; flows south across Putney and the northeast corner of Dummerston into Connec- ticut River just south of Putney Station; length, about 5 miles. Walker map. Sadawga Pond. — Windham County; west-central part of Whitingham; about 1 mile long; area, 137 acres; altitude, 1,670 feet; several inlets; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing northwestward into Deerfield River (tributary to the Connec- ticut). Wilmington sheet. St. Catharine Lake. — Rutland County; on line between the towns of Poultney and Wells; inlets, Endless Brook and stream from Lily Pond; outlet through Little Pond to Wells Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; elevation above sea level, 477 feet; length, including Lily Pond and Little Pond, about 5 miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area, 930 acres; steamboat route. Pawlet sheet. Salem Pond. — Orleans County; on the line between Derby and Salem, the greater part of the pond being in Salem; inlet, Clyde River; outlet, Clyde River to Lake Memphremagog (outlet through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Law- rence). Walker map. Sanborn Pond. — Cliittenden County; western part of Bolton; near head of Duck Brook; outlet, a stream 3 J miles long flowing west then south to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); very small. Colton map and Walker map. Sargent Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of Pittsford; inlet, Castle- ton River; outlet, Castleton River to Poultney River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 600 feet; very small. Castleton sheet. Saxe Brook. — Franklin County; rises north of Carter Hill, in Highgate; flows north- ward into Rock River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 4 miles long. Walker map and St. Albans sheet. 202 SURFACE WATERS OP VERMONT. Saxtons RrvBR. — ^Windham Goimty; rises in the north-central part of Windham; flows southeastward across Grafton and Rockingham and into the northeast corner of Westminster, where it makes an abrupt turn toward the north and flows into Connecticut River about 1 mile below Bellows Falls; receiyes one large branch from the southwest, and several small branches; length, about 19 miles. Walker map. ScoTTS Brook. — Orange County; a stream about 5 miles long rising in the western part of Newbury and flowing northeastward into Wells River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. Sbaver Brook. — Orleans County; rises in a small pond in the southeastern part of Albany; flows in a general southwesterly direction to its junction with Black River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 6 miles long; several small tributaries, includ- ing stream from Little Hosmer Pond. Walker map. Sbwell Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Ludlow; flows northward into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) near Ludlow post office; 5 miles long. Walker map. Seymour Lake. — Orleans County; central part of Morgan; several inflowing streams draining small lakes; outlet, Mill River to Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence; 3 miles long and nearly 1 mile in average width. An arm extending westward from the north end is about 2 miles wide. Walker map. Sharp Brook. — ^Windham Coimty; rises in the south-central part of the town of Windham; flows southward into northeastern Jamaica, where it joins Mill Brook to form Howard Brook (tributary through West River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Sheffield Brook. — Orleans County; a small stream in Westmore flowing- eastward into Willoughby Lake (outlet, Willowby River to Barton River, which is tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Shelburne Pond. — Chittenden County; eastern part of Shelbume; 2 inflowing streams shown; outlet northward by Muddy Creek to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 329 feet; about IJ miles long by half a mile wide; marshy areas to south, west, and north. Colton map. Walker map, post-route map, and Btulington sheet. Sheldon Brook.— Caledonia County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Danville; flows southeastward 4 miles into Morrills Brook (tributary tlirough Sleepers River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Colton map and Walker map. Shepard Brook. — ^Wasliington Coimty; rises in the northwestern part of Faystown; flows southeastward into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northern part of the town of Waitsfield; about 6 miles long. Walker map. Shepherd Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in the eastern part of Hartland, at an altitude of 880 feet; flows southeastward and northeastward about 2 miles into Connecticut River; fall, 560 feet. Hanover sheet. Shrewsbury Pond. — Rutland County; southwestern part of Shrewsbury; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing northward to Mill River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); area, 63 acres; elevation above sea level, 1,457 feet; fall of outlet, 580 feet; pond is about half a mile long by one-fourth mile wide. WalUngford and Rutland sheets. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 203 SiLVEB Lake. — ^Addison County; northeast comer of Leicester; outlet, a stream about 1 mile long flowing northward to Sucker Brook (tributary through Lake Dunmore to Leicester River, Otter Creek, and Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 1,241 feet; fall of outlet, 340 feet; lake is about three-fourths mile long by one-foiuth of a mile wide; area, 70 acres. Brandon sheet. Silver Lake. — Franklin County; on line between the towns of Fairfax and Georgia; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing southward to Beaver Meadow Brook (trib- utary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); altitude, 783 feet. Milton sheet. Silver Lake. — ^Windsor County; north-central part of the town of Barnard; several small inflowing streams; outlet, a short stream flowing northwestward to a tribu- tary of Locust Creek (tributary to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,305 feet; lake is about half a mile wide (north-south) and nearly three-fourths of a mile long; area, 96 acres. Woodstock sheet. Simpson Brook. — ^Windham Coimty; rises in the northern part of Townshend; flows southward into West River (tributary to Connecticut River); 7 miles long. Walker map. Slabbridge Brook. — Rutland Coimty; a stream 2 miles long; rises in the north- eastern part of the town of Chittenden, at an altitude of 2,500 feet; flows in a southwesterly direction to Morrill Brook (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) a quarter of a mile above Michigan Camp; fall, 1,050 feet. Rochester sheet. Sleepers River. — Caledonia County; rises in the southern part of the town of Wheelock; flows southeastward 12 miles into Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut) near city of St. Johnsbiu-y; several tributaries, all short, the largest being Morrills Brook. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Smith Brook. — Addison and Windsor counties; rises in the eastern part of the town of Goshen, at an altitude of about 2,600 feet; flows southeastward a distance of 3 J miles to its junction with Brandon Brook (tributary to White River and thus to the Connecticut); fall, 1,130 feet. Rochester sheet. Smith Brook. — Windham County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of New- fane; flows southeasteard into West River (tributary to the Connecticut); about 6 miles long. Walker map. Snow Brook. — Rutland Coimty; rises on the western slope of Pond Mountain, in the town of Wells, at an altitude of 1,100 feet above sea level; flows southward IJ miles to Wells Brook (tributary through Mettawee River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 540 feet. Pawlet sheet. Somerset Reservoir. — See Chases Pond. South Branch. — Windsor County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Reading, at an altitude of 1,600 feet; flows northeastward and northward through the town of Woodstock into Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) near Woodstock; numerous unnamed branches; fall, 930 feet; length, 8 miles. Woodstock sheet. South Brook. — Franklin Coimty; rises in the eastern part of Averys Gore; flows northward into Tamarack Brook (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Montgomery; about 4 miles long; called Trout Brook on Colton map and post- route map; South Brook on Walker map. South Brook. — Orleans County; risesinthesouthwesternpait of townof Jay; flows northeastward into Jay Brook (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 6 miles long. Colton map. 204 SURFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. South Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southwestern slope of Spoon Moun tain, in the southern part of the town of Middletown, at an altitude of 1,050 feet above sea level; flows northward and northwestward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) three-fourths of a mile west of Middletown Springs; length, 3^ miles; fall, 270 feet; several small tributaries draining the slopes of Spoon, Mor- gan, and Barber mountains; principal tributary, Coy Brook. Pawlet sheet. South Fork. — Bennington County; rises in the southeastern part of Simderland, at an altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level; flows southwestward about 1 mile, west 1 mile, then irregularly northwestward to its junction with Roaring Branch (tribu- tary to Batten Kill and thus to the Hudson); about 5 miles long; fall, 1,500 feet. Equinox sheet. South Pond. — Lamoille County; south-central part of the town of Eden; inlet from Rush Pond; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing northwestward and west- ward to Gihon River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); IJ miles long by half a mile wide; immediately east of South Pond is Fletcher Pond, for which no out- let is shown on the maps. Colton map and Walker map. South Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the western part of the town of Brook- field, drained by a stream flowing eastward into Colts Pond; outlet, a stream flowing to Ayers Brook and thus through Third Branch of '^liite River to White River and to the Connecticut. Walker map. South Pond.^ — Windham Coimty; southeastern part of the town of Marlboro; outlet, a stream 3 J miles long flowing in general southwestwaid into Green River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); altitude, 1,640 feet; area, 198 acres. Brattleboro sheet. South Stream. — Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Pownal, west of The Dome, at an altitude of 1,880 feet; flows west of north into Barber Pond; thence northward into Bennington, joining Walloomsac River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson) at the city of Bennington; several small ponds lying in its course; chief tributaries, Roaring Branch and Jewett Brook; fall, 1,150 feet; length, 8 miles. Bennington sheet. Spaulding Brook. — Essex County; a stream about a mile long rising in the south- eastern part of the town of Averill and flowing southeastward to East Branch of Nulhegan River (tributary to the Connecticut) . Walker map and private surveys. Spruce Pond. — Addison County; southern part of the town of Oi-well; outlet, a stream three-fourths of a mile long flowing southward to northwest end of Sunset Lake (outlet through Little Pond to Hubbardton and Poultney rivers and Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); elevation above sea level, 670 feet; fall of outlet, 167 feet. Ticonderoga sheet. Stamford Pond. — Bennington County; northern part of Stamford; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing northeastward into West Branch of Deerfleld River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); area, 11 acres; altitude, 2,380 feet; small. Bennington sheet. Stamford Stream. — Bennington County; rises on the slopes of the Green Mountains in the northwestern part of Stamford, at an altitude of 2,760 feet; flows irregularly northward through Dunville Hollow into City Stream, a branch of Walloomsac River (tributary through Hoosic River to the Hudson); receives a stream from Sucker Pond; fall, 1,300 feet; length, 5 miles. Bennington sheet. Standing Pond. — Windsor County; northwestern part of Sharon; outlet, short stream flowing westward to Fay Brook, branch of White River (tributary to the Connecticut); area, 17 acres. Strafford sheet. Stanhope Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the eastern part of Richford; flows northwestward into Missisquoi River (tributary to I.,ake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Stevens Mills post office; 3 J miles long. Colton map and Walker map. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 205 Stanley Brook. — Orleans County; rises near the center of the town of Greensboro; flows southward into Greensboro Brook (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain, and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 2| miles long. Walker map. Stannard Pond. — Caledonia County; southeastern part of the town of Stannard; outlet, a stream about 3 miles long (considered the head of Joes Brook, tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut), discharging into Coleg Pond. Walker map. Staples Pond. — Orange County; a small pond in the northern part of Williamstown, discharging by a stream flowing through Cutters Pond to Stevens Branch of Winoo- ski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Steele Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of High- gate; flows northward into Rock River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); IJ miles long. St. Albans sheet. Stephens Brook- See Stevens Brook. Sterling Brook. — Washington County; rises in the northwestern part of Warren; flows southeastward to Clay Brook (tributary through Mad River to Winooski River and Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); 1 J miles long. Walker map. Stetson Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of Granville; flows north of east into Mad River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern part of Warren, Washington County; about 1 mile long. Walker map. Stevens Brook. — Franklin County; rises near the central part of the town of St. Albans; flows northward, northwestward, and then southwestward into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at the head of St. Albans Bay; about 8 miles long; principal tributary, Jewett Brook. Colton map. Walker map, and St. Albans sheet. Stevens Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of Williamstown; takes a general northerly course to its junction with Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Berlin; principal tributaries. Jail and Ketchum Brooks and stream from Berlin Pond; about 8 miles long. Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Spelled "Stephens" on Colton and pest-route maps. Stevensons Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the northeastern part of Lowell; flows westward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through RicheUeu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Walker map. Stevens River. — Caledonia County; rises in the southwestern part of town of Dan- ville; flows southeastward across the northeastern corner of Peacham into Barnet, where it joins Connecticut River; principal tributaries, streams draining small ponds in Peacham and Harvey Lake in Barnet. Walker map; called Peacham Hollow Brook on Colton map. Stiles Pond. — Caledonia County; northern part of the town of Waterford; outlet, a stream about a mile long flowing northwestward into Moose River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map. Stocker Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the west-central part of the town of Danville; flows eastward 4 miles, then northeastward 1^ miles into the western part of the town of St. Johnsbury, where it joins Sleepers River (tributary through Passumpsic River to the Connecticut). Walker map; called Stoker Brook on Colton map. Stones Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northern part of Fletcher; flows southwestward to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southern part of the town of Fairfax; about 6 miles long. Walker map. 206 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMO]S"T. Stone Bridge Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the northeastern part of Milton; flows northward then westward about 2J mills, northward 2 miles, then westward and southwestward about 5 miles to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map. Walker map, and Milton sheet. Stones Pond. — Orleans County; town of Glover; inlet, from Daniels Pond; outlet, a stream a mile long flowing south of east into Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Law- rence). Walker map. Stony Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Dorset, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above sea level; flows southwestward to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to the Hudson); length, 1^ miles; fall, 290 feet. Equinox sheet. Stony Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the northern part of Johnson; flows northwestward into North Branch of Lamoille River (tributary through Lamoille River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Waterville; about 2 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Stony Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Sherbiu-ne; flows north into Fletcher Brook, a branch of White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, 5 miles. Walker map and Rutland sheet. Stratton Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the southwest corner of Glasten- bury on a western slope of the Green Mountains, at an altitude of 2,550 feet; flows southwestward across the southeast corner of Shaftsbury into northeastern Bennington, where it joins Furnace Brook, a branch of Walloomsac River (trib- utary through the Hoosic River to the Hudson); fall, 1,700 feet; length, 3 miles. Bennington sheet. Stratton Pond. — Windham County; a pond about 1 mile long in the northwestern part of Stratton; altitude, 2,470 feet; several small inlets; outlet, a stream flow- ing north into Winhall River, a branch of West River (tributary to the Con- necticut; area, 244 acres. Londonderry sheet. Streeter Brook. — Chittenden Cotmty; rises on Arrowhead Mountain in Milton; flows northwestward 2-J miles, then southward and southeastward 2^ miles to its junction with Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Milton sheet. Sucker Brook. — Addison County; rises in the northwestern part of Goshen; takes a general but very irregular westerly coxu-se to Lake Dunmore (outlet through Leicester River to Otter Creek and Lake Champlain and thus through Riche- lieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, about 6 miles; fall, somewhat more than 1,000 feet, of which 600 feet occurs within IJ miles of the lake; several small tributaries, including Dutton Brook and stream from Silver Lake. Bran- don and Rochester sheets. Sucker Brook. — Chittenden County; rises on the northern slope of MoimtPritchard, in the eastern part of the town of St. George, at an altitude of 700 feet above sea level; flows irregularly northwestward to its junction with Muddy Brook (tribu- tary through WinoosM River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the southwestern part of the town of Williston; about 3 miles long; fall, about 380 feet. Walker map and Burlington sheet. Sucker Brook. — Grand Isle Coimty; rises in the southern part of Alburg, at an altitude of 140 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into La Motte Passage, Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); 2 J miles long; fall, 43 feet. Rouses Point sheet. Sucker Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Hubbardton, at an altitude of 1,100 feet above sea level; flows southwestward into Bomoseen Lake (outlet through Castleton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); length, 4§ miles; fall, about 687 feet. Castleton sheet. GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 207 Sucker Pond. — Bennington County; in the northwestern comer of Stamford; outlet, a stream less than a mile long flowing into Stamford Stream, a branch of City Stream, tributary through Walloomsac River to Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson); altitude, 2,250 feet; area, 39 acres. Bennington sheet. Sugar Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of Brandon, at an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea level; flows southward to its junction with Furnace Brook (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) half a mile southwest of Pittsford Mills; length, about 9 miles; fall, 900 feet. Brandon and Castleton sheets. Sunderland Brook. — Chittenden County; rises in the southeastern part of Col- chester; flows northward 4 miles, then westward and southward 3 miles into WinoosM River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map and Milton sheet. Sunset Lake. — Rutland County; northeastern part of the town of Benson; inlets from Spruce, Doughty, and Mud ponds; contours indicate that outlet may be by a channel about 350 feet long leading from northeast corner of lake to Little Pond (outlet through Hubbardton and Poultney rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence), though no connecting stream is shown on the map; area, 256 acres; elevation above sea level, 503 feet. Ticon- deroga and Whitehall sheets. Sweeney Pond. — Orleans Coimty; town of Glover; outlet, a stream (head of Roaring Brook) to Parker Pond (outlet, Roaring Brook to Barton River, tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); small. Walker map. Swept Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the central part of Fairfax; flows west of south into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Milton sheet. Sykes Hollow Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the southern slope of Woodlawn Mountain in the town of Danby, at an altitude of 2,800 feet above sea level; flows westward and southwestward 2i miles into Mettawee River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near North Rupert; fall, 2,060 feet. Pawlet sheet. Syms Pond. — Caledonia County; northeastern part of town of Ryegate; inlet and outlet, Manchester Brook (tributary to Connecticut River). Walker map. . Tabor Brook. — Orange County; rises in the northern part of the town of Topsham flows southward and enters Waits River (tributary to the Connecticut) at East Corinth post office; about 10 miles long. Walker map. Taft Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the central part of Westfield; flows south- eastward then northeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); tributary. Tin Brook; about 4i miles long. Walker map. Tamarack Brook. — Franklin County; rises in the southern part of Montgomery; flows northeastward into Trout River (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Montgomery Center; about 3 miles long. Walker map and Colton map. Tanner Brook. — Bennington County; rises on the southern slope of Equinox Moun- tain in the western part of Manchester, at an altitude of about 3,100 feet above sea level; takes a general southerly course to its junction with Batten Kill (tributary to Hudson River) at Sunderland; length, 3^ miles; fall, 2,500 feet, of which 2,300 feet occurs in the upper 2 miles of its course. Equinox sheet. Taylor Brook. — Addison Coimty; town of Hancock; a stream about 2 miles long rising on Gillespie Moimtain and flowing southward into Hancock Branch (tribu- tary through White River to the Connecticut)near Branch School. Rochester sheet. 73175°— WSP 424—17 14 208 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Tenney Brook. — Rutland County; rises near Mendon, at an altitude of 960 feet above sea level; flows soutliwestward into East Creek (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake ChamplAin and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) at Rutland; length, about 4 miles; fall, 420 feet. Rutland sheet. Terry Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the northern part of Sandgate; flows southwestward 3J miles to its junction with Camden Valley creek (tributary through Batten Kill to the Hudson). Equinox sheet. Texas Brook. — ^Addison County; rises in Texas Gap in the town of Granville; flows southwestward 2 miles, then southeastward 1 mile into Hancock Branch (tribu- tary through White River to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. Thatcher Brook.— Addison County; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Granville; flows southwestward 3^ miles into White River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map and Rochester sheet. Thayer Brook. — Orange County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Braiatree; flows southeastward and eastward 4 miles, and joins Third Branch of . White River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut) at the village of Randolph. Walker map. Thorpe Brook. — Chittenden County; rises near Charlotte, at an elevation of about 250 feet above sea level; flows southward 2^ miles, then westward half a mile into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); fall, 150 feet; length, 3 miles. Willsboro sheet. Thundering Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Sherburne, at an altitude of 2,520 feet; flows northwestward through Pico Pond, northward and northeastward, and joins Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the northern part of Sherburne. Walker map; shown but not named on Rutland sheet. Ticklenaked Pond. — Caledonia County; southern part of town of Ryegate; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southwestward into Wells River (tributary to the Connecticut) . Walker map . TiDD Hollow Brook. — Bennington County; a stream rising on the west slope of Red Mountain and flowing northwestward and westward into Green River (tribu- tary through Batten Kill to the Hudson) in the southern part of the town of Sandgate. Equinox sheet. Tigertown Brook. — Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Norwich, at an altitude of 1,400 feet; flows westward and southwestward and joins Podunk Brook about one-quarter of a mile northeast of its junction with White River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, about 1,000 feet; length, 3 J miles. Hanover sheet. TiLDEN Pond. — Windsor County; a small pond in the eastern part of the town of Norwich, discharging by a short stream flowing somewhat west of south into Connecticut River. Walker map. Tin Brook. — Orleans County; rises in the central part of Westfield; flows south- eastward into Taft Brook (tributary through Missisquoi River to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about a mile long. Walker map. Tinker Brook. — Rutland and Windsor counties; rises in the northeastern part of Shrewsbury; flows southeastward into Plymouth Pond, which discharges by a stream into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut); about 2^ miles long. Walker map. TiNMOUTH Pond. — Rutland County; south of Clark Mountain in southeastern comer of Tinmouth; outlet, a stream three-fourths of a mile long flowing westward into Clarendon River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) about 1 mile below the head of the latter; elevation above sea level, 1,210 feet; fall of outlet, 110 feet. Pawlet sheet. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 209 Toad Pond.— Orleans County; town of Charleston; a small pond in the western part of the town of Charleston, discharging by a short stream flowing northeastward into Clyde River (tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Toad Pond.— Orleans County; a small pond in the northeastern pait of Morgan, discharging by a stream flowing southwestward into Seymour Lake (outlet by way of Mill River through Echo Pond to Clyde River, which is tributary through Lake Memphremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Law- rence). Walker map. . Toddy Brook.— Orange County; town of Braintree; a stream IJ miles long, flowmg northeastward into Riford Brook (tributary through Third Branch of White River to White River and thus to the Connecticut). Rochester sheet. TowNSEND Brook.— Rutland County; a stream about 3 miles long, flowing eastward from the eastern part of the town of CHttenden into Pittsfield, where it enters Tweed River (tributary through White River to the Connecticut); fall, 1,700 feet. Rochester sheet. Tracy Brook —Franklin County; rises in the central part of Fairfax; flows south- westward into LamoUle River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 3 miles long. Colton map and Walker map. ,,. r ji .. *. Train Brook.— Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of Middletown, at an altitude of 1,950 feet above sea level; flows southward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 1 mile east of Middletown Springs; length, about 2\ miles; fall, 950 feet. Castleton and Pawlet sheets. Trout Brook.— CHttenden County; rises near the central part of the town of Milton; flows west of south 2 miles, northwestward 2 miles, then southwestward again 1 mile into Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Milton sheet. , i • ^ ^i. Trout Brook.— FrankUn County; rises in the central part of Berksliire; flows south- westward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the northwestern part of the town of Enosburg; about 4 miles long. Colton map and Walker map.^ Trout Brook.— Orleans County; rises in the northwestern part of Brownmgton; flows southwestward 4 miles into Barton River (tributary through Lake Mem- phremagog to Magog and St. Francis rivers and thus to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. Trout Lake —FrankUn County; southeastern part of Bakersfield; outlet, a stream 2 miles long flowing northwestward into Black Creek (tributary through Mis- sisquoi River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about half a mile long. Walker map. Trout River.— Franklin County; rises in the northwestern part of Westfield; flows southwestward into the town of Montgomery, where it turns and flows westward and then northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) m the south- eastern part of Berkshire; about 13 miles long ; principal tributaries. Tamarack and Mill brooks. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Tucker Brook.— Addison County; town of Hancock; a stream about 2 miles long, rising on the south slope of Gillespie Mountain and flowing southeastward and southward into Hancock Branch (tributary through White River to the Connec- ticut) half a mile east of Branch School. Rochester sheet. 210 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. Tunnel Brook. — ^Addison County; town of Hancock; rises near Hancock Tunnel, east of Philadelphia Peak; flows northwestward 1 mile, then northeastward IJ miles into White River (tributary to the Connecticut) northwest of Cobble Hill. Rochester sheet. Tweed River. — Rutland County; rises in the northeastern part of the town of Men- don; flows north of east into the town of Sherburne, then in general northward, crossing corners of the towns of Sherburne, Stockbridge, and Chittenden, to the eastern part of Pittsfield, thence eastward into Stockbridge again, where it joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) ; length, 10 miles. Walker map and Rutland and Rochester sheets. Tweed River, West Branch. — Rutland County; rises in the northern part of the town of Chittenden, at an altitude of 3,200 feet; flows southeasterly 9^ miles and joins Tweed River (tributary through Wliite River to the Connecticut) at the village of Pittsfield; fall, 2,150 feet. Rochester sheet. TwENTYMiLE Stream. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southwestern part of Reading; flows southeastward into Black River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the town of Cavendish near Proctorsville post ofiice; several small tributaries; length, about 7 miles. Walker map. Tylers Branch. — Franklin County; rises in the southern part of Enosburg; flows northwestward to its junction with Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the eastern part of the town of Sheldon; about 9 miles long; tributaries, Cold Hollow and Bogues brooks. Walker map, Colton map, and post-route map. U- Umpire Brook.— Essex County; a stream about 4 miles long rising in the northern part of the town of Victory and flowing southeastward to its junction with Mill Brook, with which it forms Bog Brook (tributary tlirough Moose River to Passumpsic River and thus to the Connecticut). Walker map. V. Vail Brook. — Rutland County; rises in the northwestern part of the town of Middle- town, at an altitude of 1,240 feet above sea level; flows southward to its junction with Poultney River (tributary, to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) 1 mile west of Middletown Springs; length, about 2 miles; total fall, 470 feet. Castleton and Pawlet sheets. Vershire Brook. — Orange County; a short tributary of Ompompanoosuc River (tributary to the Connecticut), draining the central part of the town of Thetford. Walker map. W. Waits River. — Orange County; rises on Knox Mountain in the northern part of the town of Orange; flows southeastward across the southwest corner of Topsham, the northeast corner of Corinth, and the center of Bradford into Connecticut River; length, 20 miles; principal tributaries. Tabor Brook and South Branch. Walker map and Colton map. Waits River, South Branch. — Orange County; rises in the southwestern part of the town of Corinth; flows very irregularly eastward to its junction with Waits River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the western part of the town of Bradford; about 10 miles long; principal named tributary. Potash Brook. Walker map. Walkers Pond. — Orleans County; northern part of Lowell; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southeastward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about half a mile long. Walker map. I GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 211 Wallace Brook. — ^Essex County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Granby; flows southwestward 1| miles, then southeastward 3 miles into Connecticut River in the eastern part of the town of Guildhall. Walker map. Wallace Pond. — See Forest Lake. Wallingford Pond. — Rutland County; southern part of Wallingford; outlet, by a stream about 3 miles long flowing very irregularly northeastward into Mill River (tributary through Otter Creek to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the town of Mount Holly; elevation above sea level, 2,157 feet; fall of outlet, 925 feet; nearly a mile long; area, 87 acres; connected by channel about one-fourth of a mile long with a small pond lying south of it. Wallingford sheet. Walloomsac Brook. — Bennington County; rises as BoUes Brook in the southern part of Glastonbury, at an altitude of 3,100 feet; flows southwestward through northweatem Woodford into Bennington, whence it is called Walloomsac River; chief branches, Bickford Hollow Brook and City Stream. Bennington sheet. Walloomsac River. — Bennington County, Vt., and Rensselaer County, N. Y. ; rises in tbe southern part of Glastenbury, Vt., at its headwaters being called BoUes and Walloomsac brooks; altitude, 3,100feet above sea level ; flows irregularly southwestward across northwestern Woodstock into Bennington, thence north- westward and westward to Hoosick Junction, Rensselaer County, N. Y., where it joins Hoosic River (tributary to the Hudson); chief tributaries in Vermont, Walloomsac and Furnace brooks. South Stream, and Paran, Little White, and White creeks; fall, 2,720 feet, of which 2,200 feet occurs in 8 miles above Benning- ton; length, 25 miles. Hoosick, Bennington, Equinox, and Cambridge sheets. Warden Pond. — Caledonia County; central part of town of Barnet; one inflowing stream; connected by a short southward-flowing stream with Moores Pond (outlet to Connecticut River). Walker map. Warm Brook. — Bennington County; rises on the eastern slope of West Mountain, about 1 mile north of Shaftsbury Center, at an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea level; flows northeastward to its junction with Fayville Branch (tributary through Roaring Branch to Batten Kill and thus to Hudson River) at East Arlington; length, about 8 miles; fall, 590 feet. Bennington and Equinox sheets. Water Andric Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the western part of the town of Danville ; flows southeastward about 9 miles to the northern part of the town of Bar- net, where it joins Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut) . Walker map. Waterbury River. — Lamoille County; rises in the northeastern part of Stowe; flows southeastward about 3 miles, then turns abruptly and flows southwestward to its junction with Winoosld River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 15 miles long; principal tributaries, West Branch, Gold Brook, and Miller Brook; gaging station near Waterbury, 1910. Colton map. Walker map, and post-route map. Waterbury River, West Branch. — Lamoille County; rises in the northwestern part of Stowe; flows southeastward into Waterbury River (tributary through Winooski River to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near the center of the township; about 6 miles long. Walker map and post-route map. Wells Brook. — Rutland County; rises on the western slope of Tinmouth Mountain in the town of Tinmouth, at an altitude of 2,300 feet above sea level; flows south- westward, southward, westward, and southwestward to its junction with Mettawee River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) near Blossoms Corners in the northwestern part of the town of Pawlet; length, about 10 miles; fall, 1,900 feet, of which 1,200 feet occurs in 2 miles at the head of the stream; receives a number of small tributaries drain- ing precipitous slopes. Most important tributary, Mill Brook, the outlet of Little Pond, the southern arm of St. Catharine Lake. Pawlet sheet. 212 SUEPACE WATERS OF VERMONT, Wells Rivee. — Caledonia and Orange counties; rises in Groton Pond, in the northern part of the town of Groton; flows southeastward through Lunds Pond, crossing Groton and the southwestern corner of Ryegate into the northeastern corner of Newbury, where it joins Connecticut River; principal tributaries, streams draining small areas in Groton, Ryegate, Topsham, and Newbury. Walker map. Wells River Pond. — See Groton Pond. West Branch. — ^Essex County; rises in Lewis Pond in the northern part of the town of Lewis; flows southeastward 4 miles into Black Branch (tributary through NuDiegan River to Connecticut River). Walker map. West Brook. — Caledonia County; rises in the central part of the town of Wheelock; flows southeastward 8 miles into Passumpsic River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. West Brook. — Orleans County; rises in Corey Pond in the southern part of Lowell; flows northward 1\ miles, then northeastward 4 miles to its junction with Missis- quoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Westford Pond.— Chittenden County; southwestern part of town of Westford; outlet. Pond Brook to Rogers Brook (tributary through Browns and Lamoille rivers to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence); altitude, 790 feet. Milton sheet. West Hill Pond. — ^Washington County; near central part of Cabot; inlet from CoitsPond; outlet, Winooski River to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Walker map. West Pond. — Essex County; northwesternpart of town of Maidstone; inlet, a stream from the northwest If miles long; outlet. South Branch of Wheeler Stream (tribu- tary to Wheeler Stream and thus to the Connecticut) ; area, about 7 acres. Walker map and private surveys. West River. — Rutland, Windsor, Bennington, and Windham counties; rises in the southeastern part of Mount Holly, at an altitude of 2,400 feet above sea level; flows southward across Weston and Londonderry and southeastward across Ja- maica, Townshend, Newfane, and Dummerston into Brattleboro, where it joins Connecticut River. Near the south line of Londonderry it receives Winhall River; in Jamaica it receives two large branches from the west and one from the east, and in Newfane it receives Marlboro and Smith branches; length, about 45 miles. The branches afford considerable power. The basin contains a number of ponds, of which Stratton Pond, in Stratton, Lowell Lake, in Londonderry and North Pond, in Marlboro, are the largest. Walker map and Wallingford and Londonderry sheets. Wheeler Pond, South. — Essex County; southern part of town of Brunswick; inlet, a stream from West Pond; outlet, South Branch of "\\Tieeler Stream (tributary to Wheeler Stream and thus to the Connecticut) ; area, about 135 acres. Walker map and private surveys. Wheeler Stream. — Essex County; rises in Notch Pond in the eastern part of town of Ferdinand; flows in a general southeasterly direction 4 J miles across the town of Brunswick and joins Connecticut River about 2 miles below Bloomfield; passes through Dennis Pond; principal tributary is South Branch, which drains West and South Wheeler ponds; total drainage area, about 20 aquare miles. Walker map and private surveys. Wheeler Stream, South Branch. — Essex County; rises in southeastern part of town of Ferdinand; flows southeastward 1| miles to West Pond, then northeast- ward 2\ miles through South Wheeler Pond and joins Wheeler Stream (tributary to the Connecticut) about half a mile above its mouth. Walker map and private surveys. GAZETTEER OF STREAMS. 213 Wheelock Pond. — Caledonia County; western part of Wheelock; outlet, a stream about 2 miles long flowing northwestward to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Wheelocks Pond. — Washington County; northeastern part of Calais; inlet, from Nelsons Pond; outlet, a stream about 4 miles long flowing in a general southerly direction to Kingsbury Brook (tributary through Winooski Hiver to Lake Cham- plain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence). Colton map and Walker map. Whetstone Brook. — ^Windham County; rises in the south-central part of the town of Marlboro, at an altitude of 1,660 feet above sea level; flows northeastward to Reservoir Pond, then eastward and southeastward to the city of Brattleboro, where it enters Connecticut River; fall, 1,440 feet; length, 12 miles. Brattleboro sheet. Whetstone Brook. — ^Windham Coimty; rises in the southeastern part of the town of Stratton, at an altitude of 1,960 feet above sea level; flows northeastward 12 miles into West River (tributary to the Connecticut); many short tributaries draining steep slopes in northwestern Wardsboro. Londonderry sheet. White Creek. — Bennington County; rises on the northern slope of Bear Mountain in the southeastern part of Rupert, at an altitude of 2,500 feet above sea level; flows westward about 6 miles, then turns abruptly and flows southwestward to its junction with Black Creek (tributary through Batten KUl to Hudson River) near East Greenwich, Washington County, N. Y.; length, about 15 miles; total fall, about 2,100 feet, of which 1,100 feet occurs in the first mile of its course and 600 feet more in the next 2 J miles; principal tributaries. Trout and Beaver brooks, both in New York. Equinox and Cambridge sheets. White Creek. — Bennington County; rises half a mile west of Lye Brook Meadows in the eastern part of Sunderland, at an elevation of 2,740 feet above sea level; flows in a general northeasterly direction IJ miles to its junction with Lye Brook (tributary through Batten Kill to Hudson River) ; fall, 540 feet. Equinox sheet. White Creek. — Bennington County, Vt., and Rensselaer County, N. Y. See Little White Creek. White River. — Addison and Windsor counties; rises in the town of Ripton; flows eastward into Granville, thence southeastward, passing across the eastern corner of Hancock, through Rochester, into Stockbridge, then turns abruptly and flows northeastward into Bethel, then southeastward across Royalton and Sharon to its junction with Connecticut River in Hartford; length, about 50 miles; drainage area, 710 square miles. It receives from the north three large branches, the First and Second branches joining it in Royalton and the Third in Bethel. It was called White River long before the country in its neighborhood was settled, and the name is supposed to have been given to it by the early hunters because of the clearness of its water and the light color of its pebbles. Gaging station at Sharon 1903-4; 1909-1914; and at West Hartford, 1915-16. Post-route map, Walker map; Physi- cal geography and geology of Vermont, by Zadock Thompson, Burlington, 1848; Rochester sheet. White River, East Branch. — Orange County; rises in the western part of Wash- ington; flows west of south across Chelsea and Tunbridge into Royalton, where it joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut) at South Royalton; length, about 20 miles; called First Branch on Walker map; chief branches, Jenken, Jail, Crams, Bicknell, Dewey, and Farnham brooks. Strafford sheet. White River, Robins Branch. — See Robins Branch. 214 SURFACE WATEES OP VERMONT. White Bivek, Second Branch. — Washington County; rises in the southern part of Williamstown; flows southward through Cutters Pond, crossing the eastern part of Brookfield and Kandolph, the eastern corner of Bethel, and the western corner of Royalton to North Royalton, where it joins WTiite Kiver (tributary to the Connecticut); receives streams from Rood and Pierce ponds; several un- named branches; about 20 miles long. Industrial Vermont and Walker map. White River, Third Branch. — ^Washington County; rises in the west-central part of the town of Roxbuxy; flows southward across the eastern corner of the town of Granville, southward and southeastward through the town of Braintree, across the western corner of the town of Randolph, and east of south to the south- eastern part of the town of Bethel, where it joins White River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 20 miles. Walker map. White River, West Branch. — ^Addison and Windsor counties; rises in the south- western part of the town of Hancock; flows southeastward to West Rochester, then eastward into Rochester, where it joins White River (tributary to the Connecti- cut) ; length, about 10 miles. Rochester sheet. Whiting Brook. — Orange County; rises in Halls Pond in the south-central part of the town of Newbury; flows southeastward into Chalmers Brook (tributary to the Connecticut); 3 mUes long. Walker map. Whitman Brook. — ^Windsor County; rises in eastern part of Pomfret, at an altitude of 1,600 feet; flows southward and southeastward about 3 miles into Ottauquechee River (tributary to the Connecticut) in the southwestern part of Hartford; small stream; fall, 1,000 feet. Hanover sheet. Whittaker Brook. — Franklin County; rises near the central part of Richford; flows northwestward into Missisquoi River (tributary to Lake Champlain and through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) ; about 2 miles long. Walker map. Wild Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Eden; flows south and southwest into Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) in the western part of Wolcott Township; about 10 miles long; Colton map, Walker map, and post-route map. Wild Brook. — Lamoille County; rises in the western part of the town of Eden; flows southeastward to its junction with Gihon River (tributary through La- moUle River to Lake Champlain and thus through Riehelieu River to the St Lawrence) in the eastern part of the town of Johnson; about 4^ miles long. Colton map and Walker map. Willard Stream. — Essex County; rises in the eastern part of the town of Averill; flows southeastward 3 mile's, then eastward 3 miles, and enters Connecticut River in the southeastern part of the town of Canaan. Walker map. Willey Pond. — LamoUle County; east-central part of the town of Eden; south of North Pond; no outlet shown on map. Walker map. Williams River. — Windsor County; Lyman Branch, considered the continuation of the main stream, rises in Andover and flows eastward across Chester; below Chester Williams River flows southeastward across Rocldngham and enters Con- necticut River 3 mUes north of Bellows Falls; length to head of Lyman Branch, about 20 miles. Walker map. Williams River, North Branch. — Windsor County; rises in the town of Andover, its principal headwater stream being called Chase Brook. From the eastern slope of Mount Terrible Chase Brook flows eastward to Spafford, where it joins the stream called North Branch of Williams River (tributary through Williams River to the Connecticut); length of the North Branch from Chester to the head of Chase Brook, about 13 miles. Walker map. Williams River, South Branch. — ^Windsor County; rises in the southeastern corner of Andover and flows somewhat north of east to Chester, where it joins Williams River (tributary to the Connecticut); length, about 8 miles. Walker map. GAZETTEER OP STREAMS. 215 WiLLOUGHBY Lake. — Orleans County; town of Westmore; inlets, Sheffield and Mill brooks and several smaller streams; outlet, Willougliby River to Barton River (tributary to Lake Memphremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); about 5 miles long and 1| miles wide. Walker map. WiLLOUGHBY RivER. — Orleans County; rises in Willoughby Lake in the town of Westmore; flows northwestward across the southern part of Brownington and the northern part of Barton to its junction with Barton River (tributary to Lake Mem- phremagog and thus through Magog and St. Francis rivers to the St. Lawrence); length, about 10 miles. Walker map. Wilson Brook. — Caledonia County; a stream about 2 miles long draining a small area in the southwestern part of Ryegate and flowing southeastward into Wells River (tributary to the Connecticut). Walker map. WiNHALL Brook. — Bennington and Windham counties; rises in the southern part of Peru on the eastern slope of Bromley Mountain, at an altitude of 2,900 feet; flows southeastward across the southeastern part of Peru and the southwestern part of Londonderry into Winhall River about a mile above its junction with West River (tributary to the Connecticut); fall, 1,900 feet, of which 1,400 feet occurs in the first 2 miles of its course; length, about 8 miles. Londonderry sheet. Winhall River. — ^Windham and Bennington counties; rises in the north-central part of Stratton, at an altitude of 3,700 feet; flows northwestward into Winhall through the southern part oi Winhall, eastward and northeastward through the northwestern corner of Jamaica and joins West River (tributary to the Connec- ticut) in the southern part of Londonderry; branches, streams from Stratton Pond, in Stratton, and Little Pond, in Winhall, and IVIill and Winhall brooks; fall, 2,800 feet; length, about 16 miles. Londonderry sheet. WiNOOSKi (or Onion) River. — ^Washington County; rises in the northern part of Cabot; flows in a general southwesterly course across the towns of Marshfield and Plainfield to the southern part of East Montpelier, where it turns and flows north- westward to Lake Champlain (outlet through Richelieu River to the St. Law- rence) in Colchester, about 4 miles northwest of Burlington; between Water- bxiry and Jonesville the river cuts through the Green Mountains; length, about 60 miles; drainage area, approximately 1,100 square miles; headwater region contains a number of lakes, but the proportion of lake surface to the entire area is small; upper part of basin mountainous and fairly well forested; below Montpelier the slope of the river is in general rather flat. Mean annual rainfall in this region ranges from about 33 inches at Burlington to about 40 inches at the headwaters of Winooski River. Principal tributaries, Kingsbury and North branches (Worcester Branch), and Dog, Mad, Waterbury, and Huntington rivers. Many of these tributary streams are fed by ponds. Gaging stations: Above Stevens Branch, 1909-1913; at Montpelier, 1909-1916; at Richmond, 1903-1907, 1910; at Winooski, 1903. Walker map, Burlington and Plattsburg sheets and post-route map; Report on geology of Vermont, 1861, Edward Hitchcock and others (2 vols.); U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 264, pp. 112-119, 1910. Winooski River, North Branch (Worcester Branch). — Lamoille County; rises in central part of town of Elmore; flows southward to its junction with Win- ooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence) at Montpelier; about 18 miles long; several small tributaries, of which only two — ^Minister and Martins brooks — are named on the maps; one of the important tributaries of the Winooski; gaging station at Montpelier, 1909- 1914. Col ton map, Walker map, and post-route map; U. S. Geol. Survey Water- Supply Paper 264, pp. 116-117, 1910; called Worcester Branch in the water-supply paper, but North Branch on all the maps. Winooski River Pond. See Onion River Pond. 216 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT. WoLcoTT Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Wolcott; outlet by Pond Brook to Lamoille River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Eichelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about three-fourths of a mile long by one-fourth of a mile wide. Col ton map and Walker map. Woodford Little Pond. — Bennington County; in the northern part of Woodford; outlet, a stream to Redfield Brook, which flows into Rake Branch (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); altitude, 2,620 feet; area, 12 acres. Bennington sheet. Worcester Branch. — See Winooski River, North Branch. Worcester Pond. — ^Washington County; eastern part of Worcester; inlet, from Flat Pond; outlet. North Branch of Winooski River to Winooski River (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence); about 1 mile long. Colton map and Walker map. Yaw Pond Brook. — Bennington County; rises in the eastern part of Woodford, at an altitude of 2,230 feet; flows south about 2^ miles into West Branch of Deerfield River (tributary through Deerfield River to the Connecticut); fall, 300 feet. Bennington sheet. Yellow Branch. — Essex County; rises in the central part of the town of Lewis; flows east of south 6 miles and unites with Nulhegan River (tributary to the Con- necticut) in the northwestern part of the town of Brunswick; drainage area, 10.5 square miles. Walker map and private siu-veys. YouNGMAN Brook. —Franklin County; rises in the southern part of the town of Highgate; flows in general northwestward into Dead Creek (tributary to Lake Champlain and thus through Richelieu River to the St Lawrence). St. Albans sheet. Z. Zach Wood Pond. — Lamoille County; eastern part of Hyde Park; no outlet shown on Walker map. INDEX. Page. Accuraey, degree of. 7,11-12 Barre, Jail Branch at 134 Barrows, H. K., work of 8 Bellows Falls, Connecticut River at 135 Brett, G. M., work of 9 Bull Rim Brook at Northfleld 135 Burlington, Lake Champlain at 14-19 Butterfield, A. D., work of 9 Cadys Falls, Lamoille River at 77-82 Lamoille River at, rating curve for 78 view of '. 41 Calais Center, Curtis Pond outlet at 134 Center Rutland, power station at, view of . . . 27 Chambly, Quebec, Lake Champlain outlet at . 20-24 Clyde River at West Derby 103-110 at West Derby, view at Ill Cold River near Rutland 135 Computed results, accuracy of 7, 11-12 Connecticut River at Bellows Falls 135 at Fairlee 111-116 at Orford, N. H 111-116 at Vernon 135 onnecticut River basin, gaging stations in . . 13 general features of 110-111 miscellaneous measurements in 135 stream flow in 111-133 Control, definition of 9 Cooperation, details of 8 Covert, C. C. , work of 8 Cranberry Meadow Pond outlet near Marsh- field 134 Current meters, views of 10 Curtis Pond outlet at Calais Center 134 Data, accuracy of 7, 11-12 explanation of 9-11 Deerfield River, East Branch, at Somerset reservoir 132-133 at Somerset reservoir, view of Ill Definitions of terms 9 Discharge, conversion of 136-137 tables of 10-11,12 Dog River at and near Northfleld.... 65-72, 134, 13o near Montpelier 73, 134 Dog River, East Roxbury Branch. See East Roxbury Branch. Drainage basins, map showing In pocket- East Barre, Jail Branch near 134 East Creek near Rutland 35-38 East Roxbury Branch near Northfleld 135 Equivalents, convenient, table of 136-138 Fair Haven, Poultney River at 25 Fairlee, Connecticut River at 111-116 Field data, accuracy of 11-12 Gaging, development of 7 Gaging stations, datafor 10 location of, map showing In pocket. list of 12-13 records of 14-102 views of 10, 40, 41, 91 Garfield, Green River at 8S-90 Gazetteer of streams 139-216 Green River at Garfield 88-90 Hardwick, Lamoille River at 135 Heam, Hope, work of 8 Horsepower, calculation of, from discharge. . . 137 equivalents of 138 Himtington Falls, power station at, view of. . 27 Himtington River at Jonesville 77 Jail Branch at Barre 134 near East Barre 134 Johnson, Lamoille River at 83-86,134 Jonesville, Huntington River at 77 Kingsbury Branch near Montpelier 134 near North Montpelier 134 Lake Champlain at Burlington 14-19 Lake Champlain drainage basin, features of. . 13-14 Lake Champlain outlet at Chambly, Quebec. 20-24 Lamoille River at Cadys Falls 77-82 at Cadys Falls, rating curve for 78 view at ^ 41 at Hardwick 135 at Johnson 83-86, 134 at Morrisville, view at 90 at West Milton 86-88 Little River. See Waterbury River. Mad River at Waitsfield 135 at Warren 135 near Moretown 74-75 river survey map of In pocket. Mad River, Mill Stream Branch. See Mill Stream Branch. Map of Vermont In pocket, Marshfield, Cranberry Meadow Pond outlet near 134 Mollys Brook near 134 Peachams Pond outlet at 134 Winooski River at 134 Middlebury, Otter Creek at 26-35 Mill Stream Branch near Waitsfield 135 Miner's inch, equivalents of 137 Missisquoi River at Swanton 101-102 near Riehford 90-101 view at 91 Mollys Brook, near Marshfield 134 217 218 INDEX. Page. Montpelier, Dog River near 73, 134 Kingsbury Branch near 134 North Branch of WinoosM River at 57-65 No. 10 Pond outlet near 134 Stevens Branch near 56-57 WinoosM River at and near 39-50 gage-record height of, figure showing. 41 view of 40 Moretown, Mad River near 74-75 Morrisville, Lamoille River at, view of 90 Municipal ownership, workings of 6 New England Power Co.'s plant, view of 110 Norcross, T. W., workof 8 Northfield, Bull Run Brook at 135 Dog River at and near 65-72, 134, 135 East Roxbury Branch near 135 Union Brook at 135 North Montpelier, Kingsbury Branch near . . 134 No. 10 Pond outlet near Montpelier 134 Orford, N. H., Connecticut River at 111-116 Otter Creek at Middlebury 26-35 power stations on, views of 26, 27 Passumpsic River at Pierces Mills 117-123 at St. Johnsbury Center 124 near St. Johnsbury Center 117-123 Peachams Pond outlet at Marshfleld 134 at Peacham 134 Pierce, H. C, work of 8 Pierces Mills, Passumpsic River at 117-123 Poultney River at Fair Haven 25 Power plants, systems of 6 views of 26-27,90,110 Proctor, Vt. , power station at, view of 26 Richelieu River at Chambly, Quebec 20-24 Richford, Mississquoi River near 90-901 Mississquoi River near, view on 91 Richmond, WinoosM River at 50-54 River survef s, maps of In pocket. Run-off, definition of 9 Rutland, Cold River near 135 East Creek near 3.5-38 St. Francis River basin, features of 102 stream flow in 103-110 St. Johnsbury, Passumpsic River near 117-123 St. Johnsbury Center, Passumpsic River at. . 124 St. Lawrence River basin, gaging stations in. 12 miscellaneous measurements in 134-135 stream flow in 13-110 See also Lake Champlain basin; St. Fran- cis basin. Second-feet, definition of 9 equivalents of 137-138 Sharon, White River at 124-129 Smith, G. O., on water-power combinations. . 6 Somerset reservoir. East Branch of Deerfield River at 132-133 East Branch of Deerfield River at, view of 111 South Barre, Stevens Branch at 134 Stage-discharge relation, definition of 9 Stevens Branch at South Barre 134 at Williamstown 134 near Montpelier 56-57 Stowe, East Branch of Waterbury River at. . 135 Waterbury River at 135 West Branch of Waterbury River at 135 Stream flow, recording of 6-7 records of, accuracy of 7 Streams, importance of 5 Swanton, Mississquoi River at 101-102 Terms, definitions of. 9 Thweatt, Hardin, work of 9 Union Brook at Northfield 135 Vermont, cooperation with 8 map of In pocket. Vernon, Connecticut River at 135 New England Power Co.'s plant at, view of 110 Waitsfield, Mad River at 135 Mill Stream Branch of Mad River near. . 135 Warren, Mad River at 135 Waterbury River at Stowe 135 near Waterbury 76 river-survey map of In pocket Waterbury River, East Branch, at Stowe ... 135 Waterbury River, West Branch, at Stowe. . . 135 Water power, calculation of 138 development of. 6-7 Waters, running, importance of 5 Water-stage recorders, views of 11 West Derby, Clyde River at 103-110 Clyde River at, view on Ill West Hartford, White River at 130-132 White River at, view at 91 West Milton, Lamoille River at 86-88 White River at Sharon 124-129 at West Hartford 130-132 view at 91 Williamstown, Stevens Branch at 134 WinoosM River at and near Montpelier 39-50 at and near Montpelier, gage-record height of, figure showing 41 views of 40-41 at Richmond 50-54 near Marshfleld 134 near WinoosM 55-56 river survey map of In pocket WinoosM River, Kingsbury Branch. See Kingsbury Branch. WinoosM River, North Branch, at Mont- pelier 57-65 near Worcester 134 WinoosM River, Stevens Branch. See Ste- vens Branch. Worcester, North Branch of WinoosM River near 134 Work, division of. 8 Zero flow, definition of 9 o MAP OF VER MONT SHOWING PRINCIPAL DRAINAGE BABIES AND LOCATION OF GAGING STATIONS Scale 105^06* : 64th Cong.. 2d Soss. 218 Montpel Kin: Nor' No. Ste\; "Win Moreto^ Morrisvi Munieip New En Norcros: Northfit Dog Eas' Um North M No. 10 I Orford, Otter Cr pow Passum atS neai Peachar atP Pierce, ] Pierces '. Poultne Power p vie'? Proctor, Richelie RicMon Miss Ricliino River si Run-off Rutlanc Eas St. Frai stre; St. Johi St. Johi St. Law misi stre See Second- equ Sharon, Smith, t Somersc South I Stage-di C. C. Covert, dislfict engineer A. D. Butterfield, chief of party Suiveyed in 1910 SURVEYED IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE Contour interval on land 10 feet Contour interval on water surface 1 foot Datum u mean sea level 1917 21i Mont E N N S1 Moret Morris Munic New I Norcrc North; Dc E£ Ui North No. 10 Orford Otter C po-\ Passun at.' nea Peacha at] Pierce, Pierces Poultnt Power I ■we\ Proctor Richelie Richfor( Miss Richmo River su Run-off, Rutland Easi St. Fran strea St. John St. John; St. Lawi misci strea See a Second-fi equi-\ Sharon, ^ Smith, G Somerset East South Be Stage-disi RIVER SURVEYS WINOOSKI RIVER, VERMONT WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE III 218 Mont K K S Moret Morri Munii New ; Norcr Nortt D E U North No. 1( Orforc Otter PC Passu at n6 Peach at Pierce Pierce Poultj Power vi' Proctc Richel Riehfc m Richn River Run-o Rutlai Ei St. Fr; sti St. Jol St. Jol St. La mj sti Sc Seconc eqi Sharoi Smith, Somen Ea South '*^\jiii*^i V v.'j^i*^. -S': U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RIVER SURVEYS WINOOSKI RIVER, VERMONT WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 424 PLATE IV Contour interval on land 10 feet Contour interval on water surface 1 foot Daiiim ifl mean sea level 1917 M( Mc Mc Ml Ne No No No No On Oti Pa Pel Pic Fit Po Po Pr< Ei( Ri( Ri( Rv Eu Ru St. St. St. St. Sec Shi Sm Sor Soi Bta LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 019 953 853 6