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OVID^S FASTI; 
 
 INTRODUCTION, NOTES, 
 
 EXCURSUS, 
 
 THOMAS KEIGHTLEY. 
 
 REMODELED, AND CONSIDERABLY IMPROVED. 
 
 LONDON: 
 WHITTAKER AND CO. AVE MARIA LAxXK 
 
 1848. 
 
-t# 
 
 LONDON ; 
 OILHERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTEKS, 
 
 ST. John's square. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 No one, I should think, who has even done nothing more than 
 look into Ovid's Fasti, will refuse his assent to the following- 
 words of Hercules Ciofanus, one of the earliest editors of this 
 poem : Ex omnihus veterum poetarum monumentis nullum 
 hodierno die exstat opus, quod, aut eruditione aut rebus quae 
 ad Romanam antiquitatem cognoscendam pertineant, hos Ovidii 
 Fastorum libros antecellat. In effect we have here ancient 
 Roman history, religion, mythology, topography, manners 
 and customs, and moreover much Grecian mythology, and 
 that portion of the ancient astronomy which regards the 
 rising and setting of the different constellations. These alto- 
 gether form a wide field of knowledge ; and the versification 
 being, moreover, eminently beautiful, there is not, perhaps, in 
 the whole compass of classical literature, a work better calcu- 
 lated to be put into the hands of students. 
 
 It is now some years since I most unadvisedly yielded to 
 
 the solicitations of a publisher, and prepared an edition of this 
 
 poem without the aid of many of the necessary books, and 
 
 in a very short space of time. There is no act of my literary 
 
 A 2 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 life which I so much regret. The book was also very incor- 
 rectly printed ; yet, with all its defects, it was, perhaps, the 
 best edition of the Fasti that had appeared in this country, 
 and it was adopted in one of our great schools, beside some 
 respectable private ones. 
 
 The present edition is a totally different book. Indeed, 
 though called a second edition, it is as different as if it had 
 been done by another person. For in the interval of time 
 which lies between them I have written my Histories of 
 Greece and Rome, prepared the second enlarged and improved 
 edition of my classic INIythology, resided for some time in 
 Italy, and finally commented on the more difficult poems of 
 Virgil and Horace. Meantime the only really critical edition 
 of the poem, the learned and elaborate work of Merkel, had 
 appeared, and I have thus been enabled to give a better text. 
 When to this is added that I have had abundant leisure for 
 preparing it, I am surely justified in hoping that it may be the 
 means of causing this most pleasing and valuable poem to be 
 more generally read and studied than is the case at present. 
 
 I have sought to give all necessary aid to the student, but 
 I would not encourage idleness by giving mythic and historic 
 narratives in the notes ; I have always, however, referred to 
 accessible works where they may be found, and that I deem 
 to be all that could be justly required. 
 
 T. K. 
 
 Adbury Lodge, Newbury, 
 J;jri/21, 1848. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 § I. RISING AND SETTING OF THE STARS. §'2. THE ROMAN YEAR. 
 
 5* ^- MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE ROMAN YEAR. § 4. THE 
 
 ROMAN FASTI. () 5. OVID's POEM ON THE FASTI. 
 
 § 1. — Rising and Setting of the Stars. 
 
 The attention of a pfiople who, like the ancient Greeks, dwelt in a 
 region where, during a great part of the year, the night might be 
 passed in the open air, and no mists or clouds obscured the heaven, 
 must have been early drawn to those luminous points which are 
 scattered over it in such profusion. They must have early learned 
 to distinguish various clusters of them, and thence to give them 
 appropriate names. Accordingly, in the most ancient portion of 
 Grecian literature, the Homeric and Hesiodic poems, we find vari- 
 ous groupes of the stars designated by peculiar names. Such are 
 Orion, the Hyades, the Pleiades, the Bear or Wain, the Dog and 
 the Ploughman or Bear-ward (Bootes or Arctophi/lax). The case 
 was the same in the East : we meet in the book of Job (c. ix. 9, 
 xxxviii. 31 .) with names for the Pleiades, the Bear, and Orion, and 
 (xxvi. 14.) the constellation named the Great Serpent. The people 
 of ancient Italy appear to have done the same : the Latin name of 
 the Pleiades was Vergiliae, that of the Hyades Sucidae : the seven 
 stars, which form the constellation of the Great Bear, were named 
 by them the Septem Triones, or Seven Oxen ; for, as they go round 
 A o 
 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and round the pole without ever setting, the analogy between them 
 and the oxen, which trod out the corn by going round and round 
 the area or threshing-floor, was an obvious one. The brilliant con- 
 stellation Orion was named in Italy Jugula, which probably signi- 
 fied & yoke or couple ; for such it is in form : of the others, none but 
 Greek appellations occur '. 
 
 A very short acquaintance with the face of the stellar heaven 
 sufficed to show that it did not always remain the same. During a 
 part of the year, Orion flamed in full magnificence on the sky, and, 
 to the eye of the Grecian herdsman and hunter, he and his Dog 
 pursued the Bear, who kept walchvig him while the Pleiades 
 (Peleiades, pigeons) wQreJlying before him ; at another season the 
 sky was destitute of this brilliant scene. It was soon observed that 
 the stars made ' their exits and their entrances' at regular periods, 
 corresponding with the changes which took place in the course of 
 nature on earth ; and these coincidences were marked and employed 
 for agricultural purposes. A people who have no regular scientific 
 calendar, always contrives a natural one, taken from celestial or 
 terrestrial appearances. Thus the North American Aborigines 
 designate times and seasons by the flowering of certain plants ; the 
 ancient Greeks appear to have done something of the same kind, 
 for one of Hesiod's designations of a particular season is, when the 
 thistle is in blossom : we ourselves call the first season of the year 
 the Spring (i. e. of plants) ; our forefathers termed and our Trans- 
 atlantic brethren still term the autumn, the Fall (i. e. of the leaves). 
 
 The Greeks, however, seem early to have seen the superior 
 accuracy and determinateness of the celestial phenomena. In the 
 didactic poem of Hesiod, this mode of marking the times of naviga- 
 tion and of rural labours is frequently employed, and its use was 
 retained by the countryfolk of both Greece and Italy far into the 
 time of the Roman empire. Those who wrote on rural subjects or 
 natural history employed it; we meet with it in Aristotle, as well 
 as in Pliny and Columella. 
 
 1 On this subject, see Mythology of Ancient Greece and Italy, p. 465, 2nd 
 edition. 
 
RISING AND SETTING OP THE STARS. Vll 
 
 When intercourse with Eg'ypt and Phoenicia had called the 
 thoughts of the Greeks to natural science, the rude astronomy of 
 their rustic forefathers became the subject of improvement. The 
 name of Thales is, as was to be expected, to be found at the head 
 of the cultivators of this science. He is said to have been the 
 first who taught to distinguish between the real and apparent rising 
 and setting of a constellation, which implies a knowledge of spheric 
 astronomy. His example was followed and observation extended 
 by others ; and as rain, wind, and other aerial phenomena were held 
 to be connected with the rising and setting of various signs, the 
 times of their risings and settings, both apparent and real, were 
 computed by Meton, Eudoxus, and other ancient astronomers. 
 The tables thus constructed were cut on brass or marble, and fixed 
 up (whence they were called TrapaTrriyfiara) in the several cities 
 of Greece, and the peasant or sailor had only to look on one of 
 these parapegviata, to know what sign was about to rise or set, and 
 what weather might be expected. Without considering the differ- 
 ence of latitude and longitude, the Romans borrowed the parapeg- 
 mata, like every thing else, from the Greeks. The countryman, as 
 we learn from Pliny (xviii. 60, 65), now ceased to mark the stellar 
 heaven ; for a Kalendar taught him when the signs rose and set, and 
 on what days he was to expect sacrifices and festivals. 
 
 Before the time of Thales it was, of course, only the visible and 
 apparent risings and settings of the signs that were the subject of 
 observation. But astronomers now learned to distinguish these 
 phenomena into three kinds. These they termed the cosmic, 
 acronych, and heliac risings and settings. The cosmic rising or 
 setting (KocrfiiKog sttitoXij, or dvaic;) was the true one in the morn- 
 ing ; the acronych (dKpowxog ^), the true one in the evening ; the 
 heliac (jyXia/coe), the apparent rising in the morning, or setting in the 
 evening. A star was said to rise or set cosmically, when it rose or set 
 at sun-rise ; it rose or set acronychally, when it rose or set at sun-set ; 
 it rose heliacally, when in the morning it just emerged fro«i the 
 
 2 'A/cpoi/u^, aKpoi/u^ia, to uKpov Tijs fuKTo?, prima now, is evening, the 
 beginning (one end) of the night. <- .H-r^- .ct it- (,'■;,■ 
 
Vlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 solar rays ; it set in the same manner, when in the evening it sanli 
 immediately after the sun. 
 
 Some general observations may be made here. 1, The cosmic 
 or true morning rising, and the acronych or true evening setting of 
 a star, were matters of calculation, not of observation. 2. In the 
 morning the true rising precedes the apparent one, ])erhaps several 
 days. 3. In the evening the apparent setting precedes the real 
 one. To illustrate this, let us with Milton suppose it 'spring 
 time when the sun with Taurus rides,' the Hyades which are in the 
 head of Taurus will rise with the sun, but lost in his eftulgence they 
 will elude our vision ; at length when in his progress through the 
 Tauric portion of the ecliptic, he has left them a sufficient distance - 
 behind him, their rising (as his motion in the ecliptic is contrary to 
 his apparent diurnal motion) will precede his by a space of time 
 which will allow them to be seen. The real evening setting of a 
 star, as we have said, is its sinking at the same moment with the sun 
 below the horizon ; its heliac setting is its becoming visible as he is 
 setting, and then disappearing, that is, ceasing to be visible after 
 sun-set, in the western part of the hemisphere. Thus the Hyades 
 will set heliacally, i.e. just appear and drop after the sun for some 
 days before he, as it were, comes back to them and they sink together. 
 
 There are thus three risings and three settings of a star, namely . 
 
 The true morning rising, i. e. the cosmic. 
 
 The apparent morning rising, i. e. the heliac. 
 The true evening rising, i. e. the acronych. 
 
 The true morning setting, i. e. the cosmic. 
 
 The true evening setting, i. e. the acronych. 
 
 The apparent evening setting, i. e. the heliac. 
 
 Of these, the one which is most apt to engage the attention is 
 the acronych or true evening rising, that is, the rising of the star at 
 the eastern verge of the horizon, at the moment the sun is sinking 
 on the western side. It is of this, we think, that Hesiod alwaj'^s 
 speaks. The attention of the constructors of parapegmata does not 
 
THE ROMAN YEAR. iX 
 
 seem to have been directed to the risings of the stars at different 
 hours of the night. ^ 
 
 § 2. — The Roman Year. 
 
 Nothing seems to be better established by competent authority, 
 than that two kinds of year were in use among the ancient Romans, 
 the one of ten, the other of twelve months. In the usual spirit 
 of referring their ancient institutions to those whom they regarded 
 as their first kings, the ten-month year was ascribed by them to 
 Romulus, the improved one of twelve months to Numa. This was 
 the current opinion, such as we find it in the following poem : some 
 ancient writers, however, such as Licinius Macer and Fenestella, to 
 whom we may perhaps add Plutarch, rejected the ten-month year 
 as a mere fiction. Their opinion has been adopted by the great 
 Joseph Scaliger, who asserts that the Roman year always consisted 
 of twelve months. Both opinions may, we think, be maintained : the 
 Romans may, from the beginning of their state, have had a year of 
 twelve months, which we would call the Roman year, and yet have 
 used along with it a year of ten months, which, for reasons which 
 will presently appear, may be termed the Etruscan or cyclic year. 
 We will commence by showing that a year often months was in use 
 even in the time of the republic. 
 
 Ten months was the term for mourning ; the fortunes of 
 daughters, left by will, were to be paid in three instalments of ten 
 months each ; on the sale of olives, grapes on the vine, and wine in 
 the vessels, ten months' credit was given ; the most ancient rate of 
 interest also supposes a year often months. These are then strong 
 presumptions ; but a nearer approach may be made to certainty. 
 There was nothing the ancient inhabitants of Italy more carefully 
 shunned, than drawing down the vengeance of the gods, by even an 
 involuntary breach of faith. It was also the custom, especially of 
 the Etruscans, to make peace, under the form of truces, for a certain 
 number of years. Now we find that, in the year 280, a peace was 
 
 3 In the following notes we only notice tlie risings and settings generally, as 
 they occur in the morning or the evening. 
 
 A 5 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 made with Veii for 40 years. In 316 Fidenae revolted and joined 
 Veil, which must then have been at war with Rome ; but 316-280 
 is only 36, yet the Romans, though highly indignant, did not accuse 
 the Veientines of breach of faith. Suppose the truce made for 40 
 ten-month years, and it had expired in the year 314. Again, in 
 329, a truce was made for twenty years, and Livy says that it had 
 expired in 347, but 347-329 is 18, not 20. Let the year have been 
 of ten months, and the truce had ended in the year 346. These are 
 Etruscan cases, but we find the same mode of proceeding in trans- 
 actions with other nations : a truce for eight years, for instance, was 
 made with the Volscians in 323, and in 331 they were at war with 
 Rome, without being charged with perjury. 
 
 This ten-month year was that of the Etruscans, who were the 
 most learned and cultivated people of the peninsula. As the civil 
 years of the Latin and other peoples were formed on various prin- 
 ciples, and differed in length, the Romans at least, if not the others, 
 deemed it expedient to use, in matters of importance, a common 
 fixed measure of time. On all points relating to science and reli- 
 gion they looked up to the Etruscans ; it was therefore a matter of 
 course that their year should be the one adopted. 
 
 This Etruscan year consisted of 304 days, divided into 38 weeks 
 of eight days each. It is not absolutely certain that it was also 
 divided into months, but all analogy is in favour of such a division. 
 Macrobius and Solinus say, that it contained six months of 31, and 
 four of 30 days ; but this does not seem to agree with weeks of eight 
 days ; perhaps there were nine months of four weeks, and one of 
 two, or more probal)ly eight of four weeks, and two of three'*. This 
 year, which depended on neither the sun nor the moon, was a purely 
 scientific one, founded on astronomical grounds and the accurate 
 measurement of a long portion of time. It served the Etruscans 
 as a correction of their civil lunar year, the one which was in com- 
 mon use ; and, from the computations which have been made, it 
 appears, that, by means of it, it may be ascertained that the Etrus- 
 cans had determined the exact length of the tropical or solar year, 
 
 ■* See the Cambridge Philological Museum, No. V. p. 474. 
 
MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE KOMAN YEAR. XI 
 
 with a greater degree of accuracy than is to be found in the Julian 
 computation. 
 
 Like the Etruscans, the Romans employed for civil purposes a 
 lunar year, which they had probably borrowed also from that people. 
 This year, which of course, like every year of the kind, must have 
 consisted of twelve months, fell short of the solar year by the space 
 of 1 1 days and 6 hours ; and the mode adopted for bringing them into 
 accordance was to intercalate, as it was termed, a month in every 
 other year, during periods of 22 years, these intercalated months 
 consisting alternately of 22 and 23 days. This month was named 
 Mercedonius. In the last biennium of the period no intercalation 
 took place= As five years made a lustre, so five of these periods 
 made a secle, which thus consisted of 1 10 years or 22 lustres, and 
 was the largest measure of time among the Romans. 
 
 The care of intercalating lay with the pontiffs, and they length- 
 ened and shortened the year at their pleasure, in order to serve or 
 injure the consuls and farmers of the revenue, according as they 
 were hostile or friendly toward them. In consequence of this, 
 Julius Caesar found the year 67 days in advance of the true time, 
 when he undertook to correct it by the aid of foreign science. 
 From his time the civil year of the Romans was a solar, not a lunar 
 one, and the Julian year continued in use till the Gregorian reform- 
 ation of the Calendar. 
 
 We may thus see that the civil year of the Romans always con- 
 sisted of twelve months, and that a year of ten months was in use 
 along with it in the early centuries of the state, which served to 
 correct it, and which was used in matters of importance. * 
 
 § 3. — Months and Days of the Roman Year. 
 
 It has been usual with all peoples to begin their year at one of the 
 great points marked by the course of the Sun in the ecliptic, namely, 
 the solstices and the equinoxes. The civil year of the Hebrews 
 began at the vernal ; their religious year, borrowed probably from 
 
 3 On the subjects treated of in this section, see Niebvihr on the Secular Cycle, 
 in his History of Rome, and Sc.aliger de Emendatione Temporum. 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the Eg-yptians, at the autumnal equinox. Our own civil year, pre- 
 vious to the last century, commenced in March, i. e. was regulated 
 by the vernal equinox. The Roman j'car, during- the period known 
 to us, was regulated by the winter solstice ; but there are reasons for 
 supposing that it may at one time have commenced with March. 
 Six months of the year, it may be observed, have numerical names, 
 apparently belonging to a year, of which March was the first month, 
 while the other six have names of a different nature. This, no 
 doubt, may have arisen from the junction of two years belonging to 
 different people, one of which, the cyclic, may have proceeded 
 numerically ; yet still it is deserving of notice that the months, 
 Quinctilis, Sextilis, etc., are all apparently reckoned from March. 
 But as this may have been caused by the taking of the names of 
 the first six months of the one, the last six of the other year, we 
 cannot raise any theory on this foundation. 
 
 The oriental division of time into weeks of seven days, though 
 resulting so naturally from the phases of the moon, was not known 
 at Rome till the time of the emperors. The Etruscan year, as we 
 have seen, consisted of weeks of eight days ; and in the Roman 
 custom of holding markets on the nundines, or every ninth day, we 
 see traces of its former use ; but a different mode of dividing the 
 month seems to have early begun to prevail. 
 
 In the Roman month there were three days with peculiar names, 
 from their places with relation to which the other days were de- 
 nominated. These were the Kalends {Kalcndae or Calendae), the 
 Nones (Nonae), and the Ides {Idus or Eidus). The Kalends 
 (from calare, to proclaim,) were the first day of the month ; the 
 Nones (from nomis, ninth) were the ninth day before the Ides, 
 reckoning inclusively ; the Ides (from iduare, to divide,) fell about, 
 not exactly on, the middle of the months. In March, May, July, 
 and October, the Ides were the 15th, and consequently the Nones 
 the 7th day of the month ; in the remaining months the Ides were 
 the 13th, the Nones the 5th. The space, therefore, between the 
 Nones and Ides was always the same ; those between the Kalends 
 and Nones, and the Ides and Kalends, were subject to variation. 
 Originally, however, as it would appear, the latter space also was 
 
MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE ROMAN YEAE. XIU 
 
 fixed : there were thus in every month, except February, 16 days 
 from the Ides to the Kalends ; and the months, therefore, consisted 
 of 31 and 29 days, February having 28. It was only necessary then 
 to know how many days there were between the Kalends and 
 Nones, as the remaining portions were constant. Accordingly, on 
 the day of new moon, one of the pontiffs cried aloud that number, 
 thus intimating the day of the Nones, which was quite sufficient for 
 the people''. In the Julian Kalendar, January, August, and De- 
 cember were raised from 29 to 31 days, while their Nones and Ides 
 remained unchanged. 
 
 We thus see that the Roman month was, like the Attic, divided 
 into three portions : but its division was of a more complex and em- 
 barrassing kind ; for while the Attic month consisted of three de- 
 cades of days, and each day was called the first, second, third, or so, 
 of the decade, to which it belonged, the days of the Roman month 
 were counted with reference to the one of the three great days 
 M'hich was before them. It is not, perhaps, quite correct to say 
 that the Romans counted backwards ; for, taking the month of 
 January for an example, the first day was the Kalends, the second 
 was then viewed with reference to the approaching Nones, and 
 was denominated the fourth before the Nones; the day after the 
 Nones was the eighth before the Ides ; the day after the Ides, the 
 nineteenth before the Kalends of February. So that in effect it was 
 just as when one is traveling from the country up to London or 
 any other capital, and he sees the numbers decreasing on the mile- 
 stones as he advances. 
 
 *> Primi dies mensium nominatae Calendae, ah eo quod Ms diebus cal-atitur ejus 
 mensis Nonae a pontificihus^ quintanae an septimanae sint fidurae, in Capitolio 
 in Curia Calahra sic: Dies te quinque calo Juno Covella. Septem dies 
 te calo Juno Covella, Vairo L. L. vi. 27. The word covella here is perhaps 
 ■with reason supposed to be i. q. Koi\i], and to denote the hollowness of the 
 moon during the first quarter. As this does not apply to Juno, who was never 
 held to be the moon, we would adopt the opinion of Scaliger (De Em. Temp, 
 p. 174), that tlie original word was Jana, which we know to have been the moon : 
 see Mythol. p. 520. The Romans, when their religion had been Hellenised, 
 appear to have made frequent changes of this kind. Thus we are told by Diony- 
 sius and Festus (ib. p. 526), that Horatius made offerings to the Juno of his 
 sister and the Janus of the Curiatii, where the last must have been the Genius, 
 for no one ever heard of the Janus of a man. 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The technical phraseology of the Roman Kalendar ran thus. The 
 numeral was usually put in the ablative case, and, as the names of 
 the months were adjectives, they were made to agree with the Ka- 
 lends, etc., or followed in the genitive, mensis being understood. 
 Thus, to say that an event occurred on the Ides of March, the term 
 would be Idibus Martiis, or Idibus Martii (mensis). So also of the 
 Kalends and Nones : for any other day the phrase would be, for 
 example, tertio Kalendas, i. e. tertio (die ante) Kalendas or tertio (die) 
 Kalendarum. The day before any of the three principal days was 
 pridie (i. e. priore die) Kabndas or Kalendarum, Nonas or Nonarum, 
 Idus or Idinim. 
 
 Another mode of expression was to use a preposition and an 
 accusative case. Thus, for tertio Nonas they would sa} ante diem 
 tcrtium Nonas, which was written a. d. III. Non. This form is very 
 much employed by Livy and Cicero. It was even used objectively, 
 and governed of the prepositions in and ex. We thus meet in ante 
 tcrtium Nonas, and ex ante diem Nonas in these authors. Another 
 preposition thus employed is ad ; we meet ad 2'>ridie Nonas. 
 
 As the Romans reckoned inclusively, we must be careful in 
 assigning any particular day to its place in the month, according to 
 the modern mode of reckoning. We must, therefore, always 
 diminish the given number by one, or we shall be a day behind. 
 Thus, the 5th of June being the Nones, the 3rd is III. Non.; but if 
 we subduct 3 from 5, we get the 2nd instead of the 3rd of the 
 month. The rule then is, as we know the days on which the Nones 
 and Ides fall in each month, to subduct from that day the Roman 
 number minus 1 , and we have the day of the month. For days be- 
 fore the Kalends, subduct in the same manner from the number of 
 days in the month. 
 
 The Romans further divided the days of the year into two classes, 
 n&meAfesti and profesti : the first, answering to our Sundays and holi- 
 days, contained all festivals, holidays, etc. ; the second, answering to 
 our week- or working-days, those on which ordinary business might be 
 transacted. Some days, as we shall see, partook of the character of 
 both. Another corresponding division was into fasti and nefasti. The 
 dies fasti were those on which courts sat and justice was administered ; 
 
MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE ROMAN YEAR. XV 
 
 and they were so named, because on them the praetor might pro- 
 nounce (fari) the three legal words Do (bonoriim possessionem), 
 Dico (jus), Addico (id de quo quaeritur) : and these were again sub- 
 divided into fasti, properly so called, on which the courts of justice 
 sat, but assemblies (comitia) could not be held, and comitiales, on 
 which all kinds of legal and public business might be transacted. 
 The dies nefasti were in like manner subdivided into nefasti, properly 
 so called, on which the courts did not sit, but every other kind of 
 business, public or private, might be transacted, and dies religiosi or 
 atri, on which no public business, unless of the utmost necessity, 
 could be engaged in (Gell. iv. 9). There were, beside these, days 
 marked in the Fasti NP. and EN., part of which were fast, and part 
 nefast. The former, like our half-holiday, appear to have been 
 nefast in the morning, fast during the remainder of the day ; NP. 
 signifying nefastus principio or nefastus -parte. The days marked 
 EN. were named intercisi, and they were nefast in the morning and 
 evening, /a5^ in the middle of the day'. 
 
 In the Fasti which have been discovered^ we may observe on 
 the left the letters A — H succeeding each other in regular series. 
 These denote the Nundines or weeks. Next to these, in some, are 
 marked alone the Kal. Non. Id. of each month, while others give 
 also the intermediate days. The names of festivals, etc., are then 
 
 ^ Intercisi dies sunt per quos mane et vesperi est nefas, medio tempore inter 
 hostiam caesam et exta porrecta fas ; a quo quod fas turn intercedit aid eo est 
 intercisum nefas, intercisum, Varro, L. L. vi. 31. That there was a space of 
 probably some hours inter caesa et porrecta, as it was proverbially termed, is 
 manifest from this place, and from Id. ib. vi. 16". Endo, we may observe, was 
 an old form of in, whence the EN. of the Fasti. 
 
 8 The principal of these Fasti are the Maffeian, discovered at Rome in 1547 ; 
 the Praenestine, or those of Verrius Flaccus, found at Praeneste in 1774, and 
 published by Foggini, Rome, 1779, along with the fragments of the Amiternian, 
 Venusinian, and such other Kalendars as had been discovered. All these and 
 others have been again published by Orelli in his Corpus Inscriptionum. At the 
 end of this Introduction we give the first six months of the Tabula MafFeiana, 
 which, according to Merkel (p. xvii. seq.), was made A. U. 757-7 o9, and there- 
 fore at the very time that Ovid was engaged on his Fasti. The numerals which 
 we have placed on the left do not belong to it, neither do the days marked in 
 Italics, between the K. N. Id. We have inserted these as they are iu the Prae- 
 nestine tables. 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 set down, anil each has N. F. C. NP, EN., according' as it is neiast, 
 fast, comitial, etc. After them is sometimes given in smaller letters 
 some public event. 
 
 § 4. — T/te Roman Fasti. 
 
 The Roman patricians derived from their Tuscan instructors the 
 practice, common to sacerdotal castes, of maintaining power by 
 keeping the people in ignorance of matters which, though simple in 
 themselves, were of frequent use, and thence of importance. One 
 of the things, which such bodies are most desirous of enveloping in 
 mystery and confining the knowledge of to themselves, is the 
 Kalendar, by which religious rites and legal proceedings are regu- 
 lated. Accordingly, for a long time, the Roman people had no 
 means of learning with certainty what days were fasfi and what not, 
 but by applying to the pontiff, in whose house the tables of the Fasti 
 were kept, or by the proclamation, which used to be made by the 
 Rex Sacrorum, of the festivals which were shortly to take place. 
 As we have seen above, the knowledge of the length of the ensuing 
 month could only be obtained in the same manner. This, and the 
 power of intercalating, gave a highly injurious degree of power to 
 the pontiffs. 
 
 Accordingly, nothing could exceed the indignation of the senate 
 when, in the year 449, Fiavius, the clerk or secretary of App. 
 Claudius, as a most effectual mode of gaining the popular favour, 
 secretly made tables of the Kalendar, and set them up about the 
 Forum ^. Thus the dies fasti and nefasli, the stative ks,t\\&\s, the 
 anniversaries of the dedications of temples, etc., came to be known 
 to every one. The days of remarkable actions, such as the suc- 
 cesses and reverses of the arms of the republic, were also noted. 
 Copies for the use of the public and individuals were multiplied : 
 the municipia and other towns of Italy, as the fragments which have 
 been discovered show, followed the example of Rome ; and the 
 colonies, in this as in every thing else, presented the mother-city in 
 little. The custom was transmitted to modern Europe, and, in the 
 

 OVID S POEM ON THE FASTI. XVU 
 
 Kalendar part of our own Almanacks, we may see a copy of those 
 Fasti, which once formed a portion of the mysterious treasures of 
 the patricians of ancient Rome. 
 
 These were the Fasti Sacri or Kalendares : but the word Fasti 
 was applied to another kind of register, named the Fasti Historici 
 or Consulares, which contained the names of the magistrates of each 
 year, especially the consuls ; and the chief events of the year were 
 set down in them, so that they formed a kind of annals of the state. 
 When we read of the name of any consul, as was the case with L. 
 and M. Antonius, being erased from the Fasti by a senatusconsult, 
 it is always these Fasti that are meant. 
 
 § 5. — Ovid's Poem on the Fasti. 
 
 Ovid's Fasti, as a poem, is unique : there is nothing similar to it, 
 that we can recollect, in any language. To form an idea of it, we 
 may conceive a modern poet to have taken the Kalendar of our 
 Almanacks as the ground of a poetic work. After an introduction 
 respecting time, the year, and such matters, he would give an 
 account of New-year's day and the mode of celebrating it. He would 
 then probably relate the circumcision of our Lord and events con- 
 nected with it, and perhaps notice the accomplishment of the legis- 
 lative union between England and Ireland. He might then display 
 his narrative and descriptive powers in an account of the Epiphany, 
 and perhaps then sing Rodney's victory off Cape St. Vincent amid 
 darkness and tempest in 1780, and, thus proceeding, conclude the 
 month with a poetic view of the death on the scaffold of Charles I , 
 just as Ovid concludes his second book with the Regifugium. Such 
 then really is the Fasti of Ovid, with the exception of the rising 
 and setting of the celestial signs, and the mythic tales connected 
 with them, which a modern poet would of course omit. 
 
 Ovid probably derived his historical notices from the various 
 annalists, of whom Rome had so many, commencing with Fabius 
 Pictor in the sixth century. He may even have read the works of 
 Dionysius and Livy : he was certainly familiar with the Annals of 
 Ennius. His knowledge of political and rtdigious ceremonies and 
 
XVIU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 institutions he may have obtained from the works of Cincius, Varro, 
 and other antiquaries. His intimacy with Grecian literature left 
 him at no loss respecting mythic legends. It has been shown to be 
 highly probable that one of his learned friends, named Clodius 
 Tuscus, compiled for his use a Fasti Astronomici, of which a Greek 
 translation is extant, and that his notices of the rising and setting of 
 the stars have been taken from that work. As his guide, he may 
 have taken one of the ordinary Fasti, which were cut on marble and 
 set up in public ; perhaps, the very one of which we have given a 
 portion, and which Merkel has shown to be contemporary with his 
 poem. Finally, as various parts of it show% he was not negligent in 
 making personal inquiry concerning remarkable practices. 
 
 This poem, on which Ovid was engaged at the time of his myste- 
 rious relegation in 762 to Tomi on the Euxine, was apparently 
 never completed. In the long exculpatory epistle to Augustus, 
 which forms the second book of his Tristia, he speaks of having 
 written it in twelve books ; but that may only mean that he had in- 
 tended it to be of that length : certain it is, that not the slightest 
 trace of the last six books is to be found. It was originally addressed 
 to Augustus ; but in 769, after the death of that prince, when Ger- 
 manicus, the adopted son of Tiberius, was going to the East, the 
 exiled poet conceived the idea of revising his Fasti, and dedicating 
 it to that amiable and accomplished prince. He had only gone 
 through the first book, when death terminated his labours. Hence 
 we find that book addressed to Germanicus, but all the remainder 
 to Augustus. 
 
TABULA MAFFEIANA. 
 
 1 A K. JAN. F. 
 
 2 B 7 F. F. 
 
 3 C III. C. 
 
 4 D Pr. C. 
 
 5 E NON. F. 
 
 6 F VIII. F. 
 
 7 G 
 
 8 H 
 
 9 A 
 
 10 B 
 
 11 C 
 
 12 D 
 
 13 E 
 
 14 F 
 
 15 G 
 
 16 H 
 
 17 A 
 
 18 B 
 
 19 C 
 
 20 D 
 
 21 E 
 
 22 F 
 
 23 G 
 
 24 H 
 
 25 A 
 
 26 B 
 
 27 C 
 
 VII. C. 
 
 VI. C. 
 
 V. AGON. 
 
 IV. EN. 
 
 III. CAR. NP. 
 
 Pr.C. 
 
 EID. NP. 
 
 XIX. EN. DIES vj 
 
 TIOS. EX S. C. 
 XVIII. CAR. 
 
 XVII. c. 
 XVI. c, 
 XV. c. 
 XIV. c. 
 XIII. c. 
 XII. c. 
 XI. c. 
 x.c. 
 IX. c. 
 
 VIII. c. 
 
 VII. c. 
 
 VI. c. 
 
 28 D V. C. 
 
 29 E IV. F. 
 
 30 F III. N. 
 
 31 G Pr. C. 
 
 H K. FEB. N. 
 
 A IV. N. 
 B ///. N. 
 C Pr. N. 
 
 D NON. 
 
 E VIII. N. 
 
 F VII. N. 
 G VI. N. 
 
 H F.N. 
 A IV. N. 
 B ///. N. 
 C Pr. N. 
 
 D EID. NP. 
 
 E XVI. N. 
 
 F XV. LUPER. NP. 
 
 G XIV. EN. 
 
 H XIII. QuiR. NP. 
 
 A XII. C. 
 
 B XI. C. 
 
 C X.C. 
 
 D IX. FERAL. F. 
 
 E VIII. C. 
 
 F F7/.TER. NP. 
 
 G F/. REGIE. N. 
 
 H V.C. 
 A IV. EN. 
 
 B ///. EQ. NP. 
 
 C Pr. C. 
 
 D K. MAR. NP. 
 
 E VI. F. 
 F F. C. 
 G/F. C. 
 H III. C. 
 
 A Pr. NP. HOC DIE 
 
 CAESAR PONTIF. 
 MAXIM. FACT. EST. 
 B NON. F. 
 
 C VIII. F. 
 D VII. C. 
 E VI. C. 
 F V.C. 
 G IV. C. 
 H ///. EN. 
 A Pr. eq. NP. 
 
 B EID. NP. 
 
 C XVII. F. 
 
 D XVI. LIB. NP. 
 
 E XV. C. 
 
 F XIV. QuiN. N. 
 
 G XIII. C. 
 
 H XII. C. 
 
 A XI. N. 
 
 B X. TUBIL. NP. 
 C IX. Q. REX. C. F. 
 
 D VIII. C. 
 E VII.C. 
 
 F VI. NP. HOC DIE 
 
 CAESAR ALEXAND. 
 RECEPIT. 
 
 G V.C. 
 H IV. C. 
 A III. C. 
 B Pk. C. 
 
TABULA MAFFEIANA. 
 
 1 C K. A.... 
 
 
 ...N. 
 
 2 D IV... 
 
 VI... 
 
 IV... 
 
 3 E ///. C. 
 
 V... 
 
 III. C. 
 
 -1 F Pr.LUD. MATR.MAG. 
 
 IV... 
 
 C Pr. C. 
 
 5 G NON. LUDl. 
 
 E ///. C. 
 
 D NON. 
 
 (J H TV//. NP. LUDi. 
 
 F pR. C. 
 
 E VIII. N. 
 
 7 A ril. N. LUDI. 
 
 G NON.N. 
 
 F VII. N. 
 
 8 B VI. N. LUDI. 
 
 H VIII. F. 
 
 G VI. N. MENTI. IN 
 CA.PIT. 
 
 !) C T^ N. LUDI. 
 
 A VII. i.i:m. N. 
 
 H F. VEST. N. h:r. 
 
 VESTAE. 
 
 lU D /F.N. LUD. INCIR. 
 
 B VI. C. 
 
 A IV. N. 
 
 11 E ///. N. 
 
 C F. LEM. N. 
 
 B ///. MATR. N. 
 
 12 F Pr.N.LUDI CERERI. 
 
 D/F. NP. LUD. 
 
 MART. IN CIRC. 
 
 C Pr. N. 
 
 13 G EID. NP. LUDI. 
 
 E ///. LEM. N. 
 
 D EID. N. 
 
 14 H XF///. N.LUDi. 
 
 F Pr. C. 
 
 E XVIII. E. 
 
 15 A A' F//. FORD. N P. 
 
 G EID. NP. 
 
 F XVII. Q. ST. D. F. 
 
 LUDI. 
 
 
 
 IC B XVI. N. LUDI. 
 
 nxvii.F. 
 
 G XVI. C. 
 
 17 C XV. N.LUDi. 
 
 A XVI. C. 
 
 H XV. C. 
 
 18 D XIV. N. LUDI. 
 
 B XV. C. 
 
 A A/F. C. 
 
 l!J E XIII. CKU. N. LUD. 
 
 C XIV. C 
 
 B XIII. C. 
 
 IN CIK. 
 
 
 
 20 F XII. N. 
 
 D XIII. C. 
 
 C X//. C. 
 
 21 G XI. PAR. NP. 
 
 E XII. AGON. NP. 
 
 D XI. C. 
 
 22 H A'. N. 
 
 F XI. N. 
 
 E A. C. 
 
 23 A IX. viN. NP. 
 
 G A". TUB. NP. 
 
 F IX. C. 
 
 24 B VIII. C. 
 
 H IX. a. R. c. F. 
 
 G VIII. C. 
 
 25 C VII. ROB. NP. 
 
 A VIII. C. 
 
 H F//. C. 
 
 26 D VI. F. 
 
 B VII. C. 
 
 A VI. C. 
 
 27 E F. C. 
 
 C VI. C. 
 
 B F. C. 
 
 28 F /F.NP. LUD.FLOR. 
 
 D F. C. 
 
 C IV. C. 
 
 29 G ///. C. LUDI. 
 
 E IV. C. 
 
 
 .30 H Pr. C. LUDI. 
 
 F ///. C. 
 
 D ///. F. 
 
 31 
 
 G Pr. C. 
 
 E Pr. C. 
 
p. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 FASTORUM 
 
 LIBER I. 
 
 Temjjora cum causis Latiiim digesta per annum, 
 
 Lapsaque sub terras ortaque signa canam. 
 Excipe pacato, Caesar Germanice, vultu 
 
 Hoc opus, et timidae dirige navis iter ; 
 Officioque, levem non aversatus honorem, 
 
 Huic tibi devoto numine dexter ades. 
 Sacra recognosces annalibus eruta priscis, 
 
 Et quo sit merito quaeque notata dies. 
 Invenies illic et festa domestica vobis ; 
 
 Saepe tibi pater est, saepe legendus avus. 
 Quaeque ferunt illi pictos signantia fastos, 
 
 Tu quoque cum Druso praemia fratre feres. 
 Caesaris arma canant alii, nos Caesaris aras, 
 
 Et quoscumque sacris addidit ille dies. 
 Annue conanti per laudes ire tuorum, 
 
 Deque meo pavidos excute corde metus. 
 Da mibi te placidum, dederis in carmina vires ; 
 
 Ingenium vultu statque caditque tuo. 
 Pagina judicium docti subitura movetur 
 
 Principis, ut Clario missa legenda deo. 
 Quae sit enim culti facundia sensimus oris, 
 
 Civica pro trepidis cum tulit arma reis. 
 Scimus et, ad nostras cum se tulit impetus artes, 
 
 Ingenii currant flumina quanta tui. 
 Scilicet ut fas est, vates rege vatis liabenas, 
 
 Auspicio felix totus ut annus eat. 
 
Tempora digereret cum conditor urbis, in anno 
 
 Constituit menses quinque bis esse suo. 
 Scilicet arma magis qiiam sidera, Romule, noras, 
 
 Curaque finitimos vincere major erat. 3n 
 
 Est tamen et ratio, Caesar, quae moverit ilium, 
 
 Erroremque suum quo tueatur liabet. 
 Quod satis est utero matris dum prodeat infans, 
 
 Hoc anno statuit temporis esse satis ; 
 Per totidem menses a funere conjugis uxor 35 
 
 Sustinet in vidua tristia signa domo. 
 Haec igitur ^ndit trabeati cura Quirini 
 
 Cum rudibus populis annua jura daret. 
 Martis erat primus mensis, Venerisque secundus, 
 
 Haec generis princeps, ipsius ille pater. 40 
 
 Tertius a senibus, juvenum de nomine quartus, 
 
 Quae sequitur numero turba notata fuit. 
 At Numa nee Janum nee avitas praeterit umbras, 
 
 Mensibus antiquis praeposuitque duos. 
 
 Ne tamen ignores variorum jura dierum ; 45 
 
 Non liabet officii Lucifer omnis idem. 
 Hie Nefastus erit, per qucm tria verba silentur ; 
 
 Fastus erit, per quem lege licebit agi. 
 Neu toto perstare die sua jura putaris ; 
 
 Qui jam Fastus erit, mane Nefastus erat. 50 
 
 Nam simul exta deo data sunt licet omnia fari, 
 
 Verbaque lionoratus libera praetor liabet. 
 Est quoque quo populum jus est includere septis ; 
 
 Est quoque qui nono semper ab orbe redit. 
 Vindicat Ausonias Junonis cura Kalendas ; 55 
 
 Idibus alba Jovi grandior agna cadit ; 
 Xonanim tutela deo caret. Omnibus istis 
 
 — Ne fallare cave — proximus Ater erit. 
 Omen ab eventu est, illis nam Roma diebus 
 
 Damna sub adverso tristia Marte tulit. 60 
 
 Haec mibi dicta fjomel totis liaerentia fastis, 
 
 Ne seriem rerum scindere cogar, erunt. 
 
 KAL. 1st. 
 
 Ecce tibi faustum, Grermanice, nuntiat annum, 
 
 Inque meo primus carmine Janus adest. 
 
Jane biceps, anni tacite labentis origo, 65 
 
 Solus de superis qui tua terga vides, 
 Dexter ades ducibus, quorum secura labore 
 
 Otia terra ferax, otia pontus agit. 
 Dexter ades patribusque tuis populoque Quirini, 
 
 Et resera nutu Candida terapla tuo. 70 
 
 Prospera lux oritur ; linguisque animisque favete ; 
 
 Nunc dicenda bono sunt bona verba die. 
 Lite vacent aures, insanaque protinus absint 
 
 Jurgia ; differ opus, livida turba, tuum. 
 Cernis odoratis ut luceat ignibus aether, 76 
 
 Et sonet accensis spica Cilissa focis ? 
 Flamma nitore suo templorum verberat auruni, 
 
 Et tre nudum summa spargit in aede jubar. 
 Vestibus intactis Tarpeias itur in arces, 
 
 Et populus festo concolor ipse suo est. so 
 
 Jamque novi praeeunt fasces, nova purpura fulget, 
 
 Et nova conspicuum pondera sentit ebur. 
 Colla rudes operum praebent ferienda juvenci, 
 
 Quos aluit campis lierba Falisca suis. 
 Juppiter, arce sua cum totum spectat in orbem, 85 
 
 Nil nisi Romanum quod tueatur habet. 
 Salve, laeta dies, meliorque revertere semper, 
 
 A populo rerum digna potente coli ! 
 
 Quem tamen esse deum te dicam, Jane biformis ? 
 
 Nam tibi par nullum Graecia numen liabet. 
 Ede simul causam cur de caelestibus unus, 
 
 Sitque quod a tergo sitque quod ante, vides. 
 Haec ego cum sumptis agitarem mente tabellis, 
 
 Lucidior visa est, quam fuit ante, domus. 
 Tum sacer ancipiti mirandus imagine Janus 
 
 Bina repens oculis obtvdit ora meis. 
 Extimui, sensique metu riguisse capillos, 
 
 Et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat. 
 Ille, tenens dextra baculum clavemque sinistra, 
 
 Edidit lios nobis ore priore sonos : 
 Disce, metu posito, vates operose dierum, * 
 
 Quod petis, et voces percipe mente meas. 
 B 2 
 
4 FASTORUM 
 
 Mr Chaos antiqui — nam sum res prisca — vocabant. 
 
 Aspice, qiiam longi tcmporis acta canam. 
 Lucidiis hie aer et quae tria corpora restant, lor, 
 
 Ignis, aquae, tellus, unus acervus erant, 
 l^t semel haec rerum secessit lite suarum, 
 
 Inquc novas abiit massa sohita domes, 
 Altum flamma petit ; propior locus aera cepit ; 
 
 Sederunt medio terra frctumque solo. i lo 
 
 Tunc ego, qui fueram globus et sine imagine moles. 
 
 In faciem redii dignaque membra deo. 
 Nunc quoque, confusae quondam nota parva figurae, 
 
 Ante quod est in me postque vidctur idem. 
 Aceipe quaesitac quae causa sit altera formar", ii5 
 
 Hane simul ut noris ofiiciumque meum. 
 Quid([uid ubiquc vides, caelum, mare, nubila, terras. 
 
 Omnia sunt nostra clausa jxatentque manu. 
 ]\Io penes est unura vasti custodia mundi, 
 
 Et jus vertendi cardinis omne meum est. 120 
 
 Cum libuit Pacem placidis emittere tectis, 
 
 Libera perpetuas ambulat ilia vias. 
 Sanguine letifero totus miscebitur orbis, 
 
 Ni teneaut rigidae condita bella serae. 
 Praesideo foribus caeli cum mitibus Horis ; 125 
 
 It, redit officio Juppiter ipse meo. 
 Inde Yocor Janus : cui cum Cereale sacerdos 
 
 Imponit libum farraque mixta sale, 
 Komina ridebis ; mode namque Patulcius idem, 
 
 Et mode sacrifice Clusius oi'e vocor. 130 
 
 Scilicet alterno voluit rudis ilia vetustas 
 
 Xomine diversas significare vices. 
 Vis mea narrata est : causam nunc disce figurae ; 
 
 Jam tamen banc aliqua tu quoque parte vides. 
 Omnis habet geminas hinc atque hinc janua frontes, 135 
 
 E quibus haec populum spectat, at ilia Larem. 
 Utque sedens vester primi prope limina tecti 
 
 Janitor egressus introitusque videt ; 
 Sic ego prospicio, caelestis janitor aulae, 
 
 Eoas partes Hesperiasque simul. ho 
 
 Ora vides Hecates in tres vergentia partes, 
 
 Servat ut in ternas compita secta vias ; 
 
LIBER I. 5 
 
 Et milii, ne flexu cervicis tempora perdam, 
 
 Cernere non moto corpore bina licet. 
 Dixerat, et vultu, si plura requirere vellem, us 
 
 Difficilem milii se non fore fassus erat. 
 Sumpsi animum, gratesque cleo non territus egi, 
 
 Verbaque sum sjjectans pauca locutus bumum : 
 Die, age, frigoribus quare novus incipit annus, 
 
 Qui melius per ver incipfendus erat ? i5o 
 
 Omnia tunc florent, tunc est nova temporis aetas, 
 
 Et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet, 
 Et modo formatis operitur frondibus arbos, 
 
 Prodit et in summum seminis berba solum, 
 Et tepidum volucres concentibus aera mulcent, 155 
 
 Ludit et in pratis luxuriatque pecus, 
 Tum blandi soles, ignotaque prodit liirundo, 
 
 Et luteum celsa sub trabe figit opus, 
 Tum patitur cultus ager et renovatur aratro ; 
 
 Hsec anni novitas jure vocanda fuit. i6o 
 
 Quaesieram multis : non multis ille moratus, 
 
 Contulit in versus sic sua verba duos : 
 Bruma novi prima est veterisque novissima solis ; 
 
 Principium capiunt Phoebus et annus idem. 
 Post ea mirabar, cur non sine litibus esset I65 
 
 Prima dies. Causam percipe, Janus ait. 
 Tempora commisi nascentia rebus agendis, 
 
 Totus ab auspicio ne foret annus iners. 
 Quisque suas artes ob idem delibat agendo, 
 
 Nee plus quam solitum testificatur opus. 170 
 
 . Mox ego : Cur, quamvis aliorum numina plaeem, 
 
 Jane, tibi prime tura merumque fero ? 
 Ut per me possis aditum, qui limina servo. 
 
 Ad quoscumque voles, inquit, habere deos. 
 At cur laeta tuis dicuntur verba Kalendis, 175 
 
 Et damns alternas accipimusque preces ? 
 Tum deus incumbens baculo, quem dextra gerebat, 
 
 Omina principiis, inquit, inesse solent. 
 Ad priraam vocem timidas advertitis aures, 
 
 Et primum visam consulit augur avem. isu 
 
 Templa patent auresque deum, nee lingua caducas 
 
 Concipit ulla preces, dictaque pondus habent, 
 b3 
 
Desierat Janus ; nee longa silentia feci, 
 
 Sed tetigi verbis ultima verba meis : 
 Quid \idt palma sibi rugosaque carica, dixi, isr> 
 
 Et data sub niveo Candida mella cado ? 
 Omen, ait, causa est, ut res sapor ille sequatur, 
 
 Et peragat coeptum duleis ut annus iter. 
 Dulcia cur dentur video ; stipis adjice causam, 
 
 Pars milii de festo ne labet ulla tuo. 190 
 
 Risit, et, quam te fallunt tua saecula, dixit. 
 
 Qui sti]^e mel sumpta dulcius esse putes ! 
 Vix ego Saturno quemquam regnante videbam, 
 
 Cujus non animo dulcia lucra forent. 194 
 
 Tempore crevit amor, qui nunc est summus, liabendi ; 
 
 Vix ultra quo jam progrediatur habet. 
 Pluris opes nunc sunt quam prisci temporis annis, 
 
 Dum po])ulus pauper, dum nova Roma fuit, 
 Dum casa Martigenam capiobat parva Quirinuni, 
 
 Et dabat exiguum fluminis ulva torum. 2ort 
 
 Juppiter angusta vix totus stabat in aede, 
 
 Inque Jovis dextra fictile fulmen erat. 
 Frondibus ornabant, quae nunc Capitolia gemmis, 
 
 Pascebatque suas ipse senator oves ; 
 Xec pudor in stipula placidam cepisse quietem, 205 
 
 Et foenum capiti supposuisse fuit. 
 Jura dabat populis posito modo praetor aratro, 
 
 Et levis argenti lamina crimen erat. 
 At postquam fortuna loci caput extulit liujus, 
 
 Et tetigit summos vertice Roma deos ; 210 
 
 Oreverunt et opes et opum furiosa cupido, 
 
 Et cum possideant plurima plura volunt. 
 Quaerere ut absumant, absumpta requirere certant ; 
 
 Atque ipsae vitiis sunt alimenta vices. 
 Sic, C[uibus intumuit suiFusa venter ab unda, 215 
 
 Quo plus sunt potae, plus sitiuntur aquae. 
 In pretio pretium nunc est ; dat census honores, 
 
 Census amicitias ; pauper ubique jacet. 
 Tu tarn en auspicium si sit stipis utile quaeris, 
 
 Curque juvent nostras aera vetusta manus. 220 
 
 Aera dabant olim ; melius nunc omen in auro est, 
 
 Victaque concessit prisca moneta novae. 
 
Nos quoque templa juvant, quamvis antiqua probemus, 
 
 Aurea ; majestas convenit ista deo. 
 Laudamus veteres sed iiostris utimur annis ; 225 
 
 Mos tamen est aeque dignus uterque coli. 
 Finierat monitus ; placidis ita rursus, ut ante, 
 
 Clavigenim verbis alloquor ipse deum : 
 Multa quidem didici : sed cur navalis in aere 
 
 Altera signata est, altera forma biceps ? 230 
 
 Noscere me duplici posses ut imagine, dixit, 
 
 Ni vetus ipsa dies extenuaret opus. 
 Causa ratis superest : Tuscum rate venit in amnem 
 
 Ante pererrato falcifer orbe deus. 
 Hac ego Saturnum memini tellure receptum ; 235 
 
 Caelitibus regnis ab Jove pulsus erat. 
 Inde diu genti mansit Saturnia nomen ; 
 
 Dicta quoque est Latium terra latente deo. 
 At bona posteritas puppim formavit in aere, 
 
 Hospitis adventum testificata dei. 240 
 
 Ipse solum colui, cujus placidissima laevum 
 
 Radit arenosi Tibridis unda latus. 
 Hie, ubi nunc Roma est, incaedua silva virebat, 
 
 Tantaque res paucis pascua bubus erat. 
 Arx mea collis erat, quern cultrix nomine nostro 245 
 
 Nuncupat liaec aetas, Janiculumque vocat. 
 Tunc ego regnabam, patiens cum terra deorum 
 
 Esset, et liumanis numina mixta locis. 
 Nondum Justitiam facinus mortale fugarat, 
 
 — Ultima de superis ilia reliquit liumum — 250 
 
 Proque metu populum sine vi pudor ipse regebat ; 
 
 Nullus erat justis reddere jura labor ; 
 Nil milii cum bello, pacem postesque tuebar : 
 
 Et clavem ostendens, Haec, ait, arma gero, 
 Presserat ora deus : tunc sic ego nostra resolve, 255 
 
 Voce mea voces eliciente dei : 
 Cum tot sint Jani, cur stas sacratus in uno, 
 
 Hie ubi juncta foris templa duobus liabes ? 
 Hie manu mulcens propexam ad pectora barbam, 
 
 Protinus Oebalii rettulit arma Tati, 260 
 
 Utque levis custos armillis capta Sabinis 
 
 Ad summae tacitos duxerit arcis iter. 
 B 4 
 
8 FASTORUM 
 
 Inde, velut nunc est, per qiiem descenditis, in quit, 
 
 Ardiius ill valles et fora clivus erat. 
 Et jam contigerant portam, Saturnia cujus 2(35 
 
 Deinpsemt oppositas insidiosa seras. 
 C'um, tanto veritiis committere numine piignam, 
 
 Ipse meae movi callidus artis opus, 
 Oraque, qua pollens ope sum, fontana reclusi, 
 
 Sumque repentinas ejaculatus aquas. 270 
 
 Ante tanien madidis subjeci sulfura venis, 
 
 Claudcret ut Tatio fervidus humor iter. 
 Cujus ut utilitas pulsis percepta Sabinis, 
 
 Quae fuerat tuto reddita forma loco est ; 
 Ara milii posita est parvo conjuncta saccllo : 275 
 
 Haec adolct flammis cum strue farra suis. 
 At cur pace lates, motisquc recluderis armis? 
 
 Nee mora, quaesiti reddita causa mihi. 
 Ut ])opulo reditus pateant ad bella profecto, 
 
 Tota patct dempta janua nostra sera. 2S0 
 
 Pace fores obdo, ne qua discedere possit : 
 
 Caesareoquc diu nomine clausus ero. 
 Dixit et, attollens oculos diversa tuentes, 
 
 Aspexit toto quidquid in orbe fuit. 
 Pax erat, et vestri, Germanice, causa triumplii 285 
 
 Tradiderat famulus jam tibi Rhenus aquas. 
 Jane, face acternos pacem pacisque ministros, 
 
 Neve suum, praesta, deserat auctor opus. 
 
 Quod tamen ex ipsis licuit milii discere fastis : 
 
 Sacravere patres hoc duo templa die. 290 
 
 Accepit Phoebo nymphaque Coronide natum 
 Insula, dividua quam premit amnis aqua. 
 
 Juppiter in parte est ; cepit locus unus utrumque, 
 Junctaque sunt magno templa nepotis avo. 
 
 Quid vetat et stellas, ut quaeque oriturque caditque, 
 
 Dicere ? promissi pars fuit ista mei. 
 Felices animos, quibus haec cognoscere primis 
 
 Inque domos superas scandere cura fuit ! 
 Credibile est illos pariter vitiisque locisque 
 
 Altius humanis exseruisse caput. 300 
 
Non Venus et vinum suLlimia pectora fregit, 
 
 Officiumve fori, militiaeve labor. 
 Nee levis ambitio, perfusaque gloria fuco, 
 
 Magnarumve fames sollicitavit opiim. 
 Admovere oculis distantia sidera nostris, 305 
 
 Aetheraque ingenio supposuere suo. 
 Sic petitur caelum, non ut ferat Ossan Olympus, 
 
 Summaque Peliacus sidera tangat apex. 
 Nos quoque sub ducibus caelum metabimur illis. 
 
 Ponemusque sues ad stata signa dies, 3io 
 
 III. NON. Srd. 
 
 Ergo ubi nox aderit Venturis tertia Nonis, 
 
 Sparsaque caelesti rore madebit liumus, 
 Octipedis frustra quaeruntur bracliia Cancri ; 
 
 Praeceps occiduas ille subivit aquas. 
 
 NON. 5th. 
 
 Institerint imbres missi tibi nubibus atris ; 315 
 
 Nonae signa dabunt exoriente Lyra. 
 
 V. ID. 9th. 
 
 Quattuor adde dies ductos ex ordine Nonis, 
 
 Janus Agonali luce piandus erit. 
 Nominis esse potest succinctus causa minister, 
 
 Hostia caelitibus quo feriente cadit ; 320 
 
 Qui calido strictos tincturus sanguine cultros, 
 
 Semper Agatne rogat ; nee nisi jussus agit. 
 Pars, quia non veniant pecudes sed agantur, ab aetu 
 
 Nomen Agonalem credit habere diem. 
 Pars putat hoc festum priscis Agnalia dictum, 325 
 
 Una sit ut proprio littera dempta loco. 
 An, quia prae vises in aqua timet hostia cultros, 
 
 A pecoris lux est ista notata metu ? 
 Fas etiam fieri solitis aetate priorum 
 
 Nomina de ludis Grraia tulisse diem. 330 
 
 Et pecus antiquus dicebat Agonia sermo : 
 
 Veraque judicio est ultima causa meo. 
 Utque ea nunc certa est, ita Rex placare Sacrorum 
 
 Numina lanigerae conjuge debet ovis. 
 Victima quae dextra cecidit victrice vocatur ; 335 
 
 Hostibus a doraitis hostia nomen habet. 
 
1 FASTORUM 
 
 Ante, deos homini quod conciliare valeret, 
 
 Far erat et puri liicida mica salis. 
 Nondiim pertulerat lacrimatas cortice myrrhas 
 
 Acta per aeqiioreas hospita navis aquas ; 340 
 
 Thura nee Euplirates, nee miserat India costum, 
 
 Nee fuerant rubri cog-nita fila croci. 
 Ara dabat fumos, herbis contenta Sabinis, 
 
 Et non exiu'uo laurus adust a sono. 
 Si quis erat factis prati dc flore coronis 345 
 
 Qui posset violas adderc, dives erat. 
 Ilic, qui nunc apei'it percussi viscera tauri, 
 
 In sacris nullum culter habebat opus. 
 Prima Ceres avidae gavisa est sanguine porcae, 
 
 Ulta suas merita caede nocentis opes. 3oO 
 
 Nam sata, vere novo, teneris lactentia succis, 
 
 Eruta setigerae comperit ore suis. 
 Sus dcderat poenas : exemplo territus liujus 
 
 Palmitc debueras abstinuissc, caper. 
 Quem spectans aliquis dentes in vite prementem 355 
 
 Talia non tacito dicta dolore dedit : 
 Rode, caper, vitem : tamen hinc, cum stabis ad arani, 
 
 In tua quod spargi cornua possit erit. 
 Verba fides sequitur ; noxae tibi deditus hostis 
 
 Sj)argitur aftuso cornua, Bacclie, mero. 360 
 
 Culpa sui nocuit : nocuit quoque culpa capellae : 
 
 Quid bos, quid placidae commeruistis oves ? 
 Flebat Aristaeus, quod apes cum stirpe necatas 
 
 Viderat inceptos destituisse favos. 
 Caerula quem genitrix, aegre solata dolentem, 36.5 
 
 Addidit haec dictis ultima verba suis : 
 Siste, puer, lacrimas : Proteus tua damna levabit, 
 
 Quoque modo repares, quae periere, dabit. 
 Decipiat ne te versis tamen ille figuris, 
 
 Impediant geminas vincula firma manus. 370 
 
 Pervenit ad vatem juvenis, resolutaque somno 
 
 Alligat aequorei brachia capta senis. 
 Ille sua faciem transformis adulterat arte ; 
 
 Mox domitus vinclis in sua membra redit, 
 Oraque caerulea tollens rorantia barba, 375 
 
 Qua, dixit, repares arte requiris apes ? 
 
LIBER I. 11 
 
 Obrue mactati corpus tellure juvenci ; 
 
 Quod petis a nobis, obrutus ille clabit. 
 Jussa facit pastor ; fervent examina putri 
 
 De bove ; mille animas una necata dedit. 380 
 
 Poscit ovem fatum : verbenas improba carpsit 
 
 Quas pia dis ruris ferre solebat anus. 
 Quid tu.ti superest, animam cum ponat in aris 
 
 Lanigerumque pecus ruricolaeque boves ? 
 Placat equo Persis radiis Hyperiona cinctum, 385 
 
 Ne detur celeri victima tarda deo. 
 Quod semel est triplici pro virgine caesa Dianae, 
 
 Nunc quoque pro nulla virgine cerva datur. 
 Exta canum vidi Triviae libare Sapaeos 
 
 Et quicunique tuas accolit, Haeme, nives. 390 
 
 Caeditur et rigido custodi ruris asellus : 
 
 Causa pudenda quideni est, sed tamen apta deo. 
 Festa corymbiferi celebrabas Graecia Bacchi, 
 
 Tertia quae solito tempore bruma refert. 
 Di quoque cultores in idem venere Lyaei, 395 
 
 Et quicumque joci non alienus erat, 
 Panes et in venerem Satyrorum prona juventus, 
 
 Quaeque colunt amnes solaque rura deae. 
 Venerat et senior pando Silenus asello, 
 
 Quique rubro pavidas inguine terret aves. 400 
 
 Dulcia qui dignum nemus in convivia nacti 
 
 Gramine vestitis accubuere toris. 
 Vina dabat Liber ; tulerat sibi quisque coronam ; 
 
 Miscendas large rivus agebat aquas. 
 Naides effusis aliae sine pectinis usu, 405 
 
 Pars aderant positis arte manuque comis. 
 Ilia super suras tunicam collecta ministrat, 
 
 Altera dissuto pectus aperta sinu. 
 Exserit liaec humerum, vestem trahit ilia per lierbas, 
 
 Impediunt teneros vincula nulla pedes. 4io 
 
 Hinc aliae Satyris incendia mitia praebent ; 
 
 Pars tibi, qui pinu tempora nexa geris ; 
 Te quoque, inexstinctae Silene libidinis, urunt : 
 
 Nequitia est, quae te non sinit esse senem. 
 At ruber hortorum deus et tutela Priapus 415 
 
 Omnibus ex illis Lotide captus erat. 
 b6 
 
J 2 FASTORUM 
 
 Haiic ciipit, hanc optat, solam siispirat in illain, 
 
 Signaquo dat nutu, sollicitatque not is. 
 Fastus inest pulcliris, sequiturqiie superbia forniani ; 
 
 Irrisiim vultu despicit ilia sno. 420 
 
 Nox erat, et, vino somnum facientc, jacebant 
 
 Corpora divcrsis victa sopore locis. 
 Lotis in herbosa sub acernis ultima ramis, 
 
 Sicut erat lusu fessa, quievit humo. 
 Surgit amans, animamque tenens vestigia furtim 425 
 
 Suspense digitis fort taciturna gradu. 
 lit tetigit niveae secrcta cubilia nympliac, 
 
 Ipsa sui flatus ne sonet aura cavet. 
 Et jam finitima corpus librabat in lierba: 
 
 Ilia taraen multi ])lena soporis erat. 430 
 
 Gaudet, et, a pcdibus tracto velamine, vota 
 
 Ad sua felici coeperat ire via. 
 Ecce rudens rauco Sileni vector asellus 
 
 Intemi"»cstivos edidit ore sonos. 
 Territa consurgit nymplie, manibusquc Priapuni 435 
 
 Rejicit, et fugiens concitat omne nemus. 
 Morte dedit poenas auctor clamoris ; et liaec est 
 
 Hellespontiaco victima grata deo. 440 
 
 Intactae fueratis aves, solatia ruris, 
 
 Assuetum silvis innocuumque genus, 
 Quae facitis nidos, et plumis ova fovetis, 
 
 Et focili dulces editis ore modes. 
 ,Sed nihil ista juvant, quia linguae crimen habetis, 445 
 
 Dique putant mentes vos aperire suas. 
 Nee tamen hoc falsum : nam, dis ut proxima quaeque, 
 
 Nunc penna veras, nunc datis ore notas. 
 Tuta diu volucrum proles tum denique caesa est, 
 
 Juvei-untque deos indicis exta sui. 450 
 
 Ergo saepe, sue conjunx abducta marito, 
 
 Uritur Idaliis alba columba focis. 
 Nee defensa juvant Capitolia, quo minus anser 
 
 Det jecur in lances, Inachi lauta, tuas. 
 Nocte deae noctis cristatus caeditur ales, 455 
 
 Quod tepidum vigili provocat ore diem. 
 
 Interea Delphin clarum super aequora sidus 
 ToUitur, et patriis exserit ora vadis. 
 
LIBEE I. -13 
 
 IV. ID. 10th. 
 
 Postera lux hiemen medio discrimine signat, 
 
 Aequaque praeteritae quae superabit erit. 460 
 
 III. ID. 11th. 
 
 Proxima prospiciet Titliono Aurora relicto 
 
 Arcadiae sacrum pontificale deae. 
 Te quoque lux eadem, Turni soror, aede recepit, 
 
 Hie ubi Virginea campus obitur aqua. 
 Unde petam causas liorum moremque sacrorum ? 465 
 
 Dirigat in medio quis mea vela freto ? 
 Ipsa moiie, quae nomeu babes a carmine ductuni, 
 
 Propositoque fave, ne tuus erret bonos. 
 Orta prior luna, — de se si creditur ipsi — 
 
 A magno tellus Arcade nomen babet. 470 
 
 Hie fuit Evander, qui, quamquam clarus utroque, 
 
 Nobilior sacrae sanguine matris erat, 
 Quae, simul aetherios animo conceperat ignes, 
 
 Ore dabat pleno carmina vera dei. 
 Dixerat baec nato motus instare sibique 475 
 
 Multaque praeterea ; tempore nacta fidem. 
 Nam juvenis vera nimium cum matre fugatus 
 
 Deserit Arcadium Parrbasiumque larem. 
 Cui genitrix flenti, Fortuna viriliter, inquit, 
 
 — Siste, precor, lacrimas — ista ferenda tibi est. 480 
 Sic erat in fatis, nee te tua culpa fugavit, 
 
 Sed deus ; offenso pulsus es urbe deo.' 
 Non meriti poenam pateris sed numinis iram ; 
 
 Est aliquid magnis crimen abesse malis. 
 Conscia mens ut cuique sua est, ita concipit intra 485 
 
 Pectora pro facto spemque metumque suo. 
 Nee tamen ut primus maere mala talia passus ; 
 
 Obruit ingentes ista procella viros. 
 Passus idem est Tyriis qui quondam pulsus ab oris 
 
 Cadmus in Aonia constitit exul liumo. 490 
 
 Passus idem Tydeus, et idem Pagasaeus lason, 
 
 Et quos praeterea longa referre mora est. 
 Omne solum forti patria est, ut piscibus aequor, 
 
 Ut volucri vacuo quidquid in orbe patet. 
 Nee fera tempestas toto tamen borret in anno, 495 
 
 Et tibi— crede mibi — tempera veris erunt. 
 
1 4 FASTORUM 
 
 Vocibus Evander firmata mente parentis 
 
 Nave sccat fluctus, Hesperiamque tenet. 
 Jamqiie ratem doctac monitu Carmentis in aninem 
 
 Egerat, et Tiiseis obvins ibat aqiiis. 500 
 
 Fluminis ilia latus, cui sunt vada juncta Taivnti, 
 
 Aspicit et sparsas per loca sola casas. 
 Utque erat immissis puppim stctit ante capillis, 
 
 Continuitque maniim torva regentis iter ; 
 Et procul in dextram tendens sua braeliia ripam, 505 
 
 Pinea non sano tcr pede texta ferit ; 
 Neve darct saltum properans insistere terrae, 
 
 Vix est Evandri vix(iue rctcnta manu ; 
 Dique pctitorum, dixit, salvetc locorum, 
 
 Tuque novos caelo terra datura deos, 510 
 
 Fluminaque, et fontes quibus utitur liospita tcllus, 
 
 Et nemorum silvac, Naiadumquc chori ! 
 Este bonis avibus visi natoque mihique, 
 
 Ripaque felici tacta sit ista pede ! 
 Fallor? an hi lient ingcntia moenia colles, 515 
 
 Juraque ab hac terra caetera terra petet ? 
 Montibus liis olim totus promittitur orbis. 
 
 Quis tantum fati eredat habere locum ? 
 Et jam Dardaniac tangent haec litora pinus. 
 
 Hie quoque causa noA'i femina Martis crit. 520 
 
 Care nepos, Palla, funesta quid induis arma ? 
 
 Indue : non liumili vindice caesus eris. 
 Victa tamen vinces, eversaque Troja resurges ; 
 
 Obruet hostiles ista ruina domes. 
 Urite victrices Neptunia Pergama flammae : 525 
 
 Num minus hie toto est altior orbe cinis ? 
 Jam pius ^neas sacra, et sacra altera patrem, 
 
 Atferet : Iliacos excipe, Vesta, deos. 
 TemjDus erit cum vos orbemque tuebitur idem, 
 
 Et fient ipso sacra colente deo ; 530 
 
 Et penes Augustos patriae tutela manebit. 
 
 Hanc fas imperii fi-ena tenere doraum. 
 Inde nepos natusque dei — licet ipse recuset — 
 
 Pondera caelesti mente paterna ferat. 
 Utque ego perpetuis olim sacrabor in aris, 535 
 
 Sic Augusta novum Julia numen erit. 
 
LIBER I. 15 
 
 Talibus ut dictis nostros descendit in annos, 
 Substitit in medios praescia lingua sonos. 
 
 Puppibus egressus Latia stetit exul in herba. 
 
 Felix, exilimn cui locus ille fuit ! 540 
 
 Nee mora longa fuit ; stabant nova tecta, nee alter 
 Montibus Ausoniis Areade major erat. 
 
 Ecce boves illuc Erytliei'das applicat lieros 
 
 Emensus longi claviger orbis iter. 
 Dumquehuic hospitiunidomus est Tegeaea, vagantur 545 
 
 Incustoditae lata per an^a boves. 
 Mane erat : excussus somno Tiryntliius liospes 
 
 De numero tauros sentit abesse duos. 
 Nulla videt quaerens taciti vestigia furti ; 
 
 Traxerat aversos Cacus in antra feros, 550 
 
 Cacus Aventinae timor atque infamia silvae, 
 
 Non leve finitimis hospitibusque malum. 
 Dira viro facies, vires pro corpore, corpus 
 
 Grande, pater monstri Mulciber hujus erat. 
 Proque dome longis spelimca recessibus ingens, 555 
 
 Abdita, vix ipsis invenienda feris. 
 Ora super postes afSxaque bracbia pendent, 
 
 Squalidaque humanis ossibus albet bumus. 
 Servata male parte boum Jove natus abibas ; 
 
 Mugitum rauco furta dedere sono. , 560 
 
 Accipio revocamen, ait, vocemque secutus 
 
 Impia per silvas ultor ad antra venit. 
 Ille aditum fracti praestruxerat objice mentis : 
 
 Vix juga movissent quinque bis illud opus. 
 Nititur bic bumeris, — caelum quoque sederat illis — 565 
 
 Et vastum motu collabefactat onus. 
 Quod simul evidsum est, fragor aetbera terruit ipsum, 
 
 Ictaque subsedit pondere molis humus. 
 Prima movet Cacus collata proelia dextra, 
 
 Remque ferox saxis stipitibusque gerit. 570 
 
 Quis ubi nil agitur, patris male fortis ad artes 
 
 Confugit, et flammas ore sonante vomit. 
 Quas quoties proilat, spirare Typboea credas, 
 
 Et rapidum Aetnaeo fulgur ab igne jaci. 
 
1 G EASTORUM 
 
 Oceupat Alcides, adductaque clava trinodis 57r) 
 
 Ter quater adversi sedit in ore viri. 
 llle cadit, mixtosqiie vomit cum sanguine fumos, 
 
 Et lato moriens pectore plangit liumum. 
 Immolat ex illis tauruni tibi, Juppiter, unum 
 
 Victor, et Evandrum ruricolasque vocat ; 58u 
 
 Constituitque sibi, quae Maxima dicitur, aram, 
 
 Hie ubi pars urbis de bove nomen liabet. 
 Nee tacet Evandri mater prope tempus adesse, 
 
 Hercule quo tcUus sit satis usa suo. 
 At felix vates, ut dis gratissima vixit, a!>j 
 
 Possidet hunc Jani sic dea mense diem. 
 
 iDus. 13th. 
 
 Idibus in magni castus Jovis aede sacerdos 
 
 Scmimario llammis viscera libat ovis ; 
 Redditaque est omnis populo provincia nostro, 
 
 Et tuus Augusto nomine dictus avus. 590 
 
 Perlege dispositas gen erosa per atria ceras ; 
 
 Contigerunt nulli nomina tanta viro. 
 Africa victorem de se vocat : alter Isauras, 
 
 Aut Cretum domitas testificatur opes ; 
 Ilunc Numidae faciunt, ilium Messana superbum ; 595 
 
 llle Numantina traxit ab urbe notam. 
 Et mortem et noraen Druso Germania fecit. 
 
 Me miserum, virtus quam brevis ilia fuit ! 
 8i petat a victis, tot sumat nomina Caesar, 
 
 Quot numero gentes maximus orbis liabet. 600 
 
 Ex uno (|uidam celebres, aut torquis ademptae, 
 
 Aut corvi titulos auxiliaris babent. 
 Magne, tuum nomen rerum mensura tuarum est ; 
 
 Sed qui te vicit, nomine major erat. 
 Nee gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus ; 605 
 
 Ilia domus meritis Maxima dicta suis. 
 Sed tamen humanis celebrantur lionoribus omnes ; 
 
 Hie socium summo cum Jove nomen liabet. 
 Sancta vocant augusta patres : augusta vocantur 
 
 Templa sacerdotum rite dicata manu. 610 
 
 Hujus et augurium dependet origine verbi, 
 
 Et quodcumque sua Juppiter auget ope. 
 
LIBER I. 17 
 
 Augeat imperiiim nostri ducis, augeat annos ; 
 
 Protegat et vestras querna corona fores. 
 Aiispieibusque dels tanti cognominis lieres 6i5 
 
 Online suscipiat, quo pater, orbis onus. 
 
 XVIII. KAL. ] OTH. 
 
 Respiciet Titan actas ubi tertius Idus, 
 
 Fient Parrliasiae sacra relata deae. 
 Nam prius Ausonias matres carpenta veliebant, 
 
 — Haec quoque ab Evandri dicta parente reor — 620 
 Mox honor eripitur, matronaque destinat omnis 
 
 Ingratos nulla prole novare viros ; 
 Neve daret partus, ictu temeraria caeco 
 
 Visceribus crescens excutiebat onus. 
 Corripuisse patres ausas immitia nuptas, 625 
 
 Jus tamen exemptum restituisse, ferunt. 
 Binaque nunc pariter Tegeaea sacra parenti 
 
 Pro pueris fieri virginibusque jubent. 
 Scortea non illi fas est inferre sacello, 
 
 Ne violent puros exanimata focos. 630 
 
 Si quis amas veteres ritus assiste precanti ; 
 
 Nomina percipies non tibi nota prius. 
 Porrima placantur Postvertaque, sive sorores, 
 
 Sive fugae coraites, Maenali diva, tuae. 
 Altera quod porro fuerat, cecinisse putatur : 6J5 
 
 Altera venturum postmodo quidquid erat. 
 
 XVII. KAL. 16th. 
 
 Candida, te niveo posuit lux proxima templo 
 
 Qua fert sublimes alta Moneta gradus. 
 Nunc bene prospicies Latiam, Concordia, turbam ; 
 
 Nunc te sacratae restituere manus. 640 
 
 Furius antiquam populi superator Etrusci 
 
 Voverat, et voti solverat ante fidem. 
 Causa, quod a patribus sumptis secesserat armis 
 
 Vulgus, et ipsa suas Roma timebat opes. 
 Causa recens melior : passes Germania crines 645 
 
 Porrigit auspiciis, dux venerande, tuis. 
 Inde triumphatae libasti munera gentis, 
 
 Templaque fecisti, quam colis ipse, deae. 
 Haec tua constituit Genitrix et rebus et ara, 
 
 Sola tore magni digna reperta Jovis. 6 so 
 
18 FASTORUM 
 
 XVI.' KAL. 17tII. 
 
 Haec ubi transierint, Capricorno, Phoebe, relicto 
 Per juvenis curres sigiia gerentis aquam, 
 X. KAL. 28rd. 
 
 Septimus hinc Oriens cum se demiserit undis, 
 Fulgebit toto jam Lyra nulla polo. 
 
 IX. KAL. 24th. 
 
 Sidere ab hoc ignis venienti nocte, Leonis 655 
 
 Qui micat in medio pectore, mersus erit. 
 
 Ter quater evolvi signantes tcmpora fastos, 
 
 Nee Sementina est ulla reperta dies : 
 Cum mihi — scnsit enim — Lux haec indicitur, inquit 
 
 Musa : quid a fastis non stata sacra petis ? 660 
 
 Utque dies incerta sacri sic tcmpora certa, 
 
 Seminibus jactis est ubi fetus agcr. 
 State coronati plenum ad praesepe juvenci ; 
 
 Cum tepido vestrum vere redibit opus. 
 Rusticus emeritum palo suspendat aratrum ; 665 
 
 Omne reformidat frigida vulnus humus. 
 Villice, da requiem terrae, sementc peracta, 
 
 Da requiem, terrara qui coluere, viris ; 
 Pagus agat festum ; pagum lustrate, coloni, 
 
 Et date paganis annua liba focis. 670 
 
 Placentur matres frugum, Tellusque Ceresque, 
 
 Farre suo gravidae visceribusque suis. 
 Officium commune Ceres et Terra tuentur ; 
 
 Haec praebet causam frugibus, ilia locum. — 
 Consortes operum, per quas correcta vetustas 675 
 
 Quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo, 
 Frugibus immensis avidos satiate colonos, 
 
 Ut capiant cultus praemia digna sui. 
 Vos date perpetuos teneris sementibus auctus, 
 
 Nee nova per gelidas herba sit usta nives. 680 
 
 Cum serimus, caelum ventis aperite serenis ; 
 
 Cum latet, aetheria spargite semen aqua ; 
 Neve graves cultis Cerealia rura, cavete, 
 
 Agmine laesuro depopulentur aves. 
 Vos quoque, formicae, subjectis parcite granis ; 685 
 
 Post messem praedae copia major erit. 
 
LIBER I. 19 
 
 Iiiterea crescat scabrae robiginis expers, 
 
 Nee vitio caeli palleat ulla seges, 
 Et neqiie deiiciat macie, neque pinguior aequo 
 
 Divitiis pereat luxviriosa suis ; 690 
 
 Et careant loliis oculos vitiantibus agri, 
 
 Nee sterilis culto surgat avena solo. 
 Triticeos fetus, passuraque farra bis ignem, 
 
 Hordeaque ingenti fenore reddat ager. — 
 Haec ego pro vobis, haee vos optate eoloni, 695 
 
 Effieiatque ratas utraque diva preces. 
 Bella diu tenuere viros, erat aptior ensis 
 
 Vomere, cedebat taurus arator equo, 
 Sarcula cessabant, versique in pila ligones, 
 
 Factaque de rastri pondere cassis erat. 700 
 
 Gratia dis domuique tuae ! religata eatenis 
 
 Jam pridem vestro sub pede bella jacent. 
 Sub juga bos veniat, sub terras semen aratas : 
 
 Pax Cererem nutrit, pacis alumna Ceres. 
 
 VI. KAL. 27th. 
 
 At quae venturas praeeedit sexta Kalendas, 705 
 
 Hae sunt Ledaeis templa dicata dels. 
 Fratribus ilia dels fratres de gente deorum 
 
 Circa Juturnae composuere lacus. 
 
 III. KAL. 30th. 
 
 Ipsum nos carmen deducit Pacis ad aram. 
 
 Haee erit a niensis fine secunda dies. 710 
 
 Frondibus Actiacis comptos redimita capillos 
 
 Pax ades, et toto mitis in orbe mane. 
 Dum desint liostes, desit quoque causa triumphi ; 
 
 Tu dueibus bello gloi*ia major eris. 
 Sola gerat miles, quibus arma coerceat, arma, 715 
 
 Canteturque fera, nil nisi pompa, tuba, 
 Horreat Aeneadas et primus et ultimus orbis, 
 
 Si qua parum K,omam terra timebat, amet. 
 Thura, sacerdotes, Pacalibus addite flammis, 
 
 Albaque perfusa victima fronte cadat ; 720 
 
 Utque domus, quae praestat eam, cum pace pereiinet 
 
 Ad pia propensos vota rogate deos. 
 Sed jam prima mei pars est exacta laboris, 
 
 Cumque suo finem mense libellus habet. 
 
20 
 
 LIBER II. 
 
 Janus habet finein ; cum carmine crescat et annus : 
 
 Alter ut Lie mensis, sic liber alter eat. 
 Nunc primum velis, elegi, majoribus itis ; 
 
 Exiguum, memini, nuper eratis opus. 
 Ipse ego vos babui faciles in amore ministros, 5 
 
 Cum lusit numeris prima juventa suis. 
 Idem sacra cano, signataque terapora fastis. 
 
 Ecquis ad liaec illinc crederet esse viam ? 
 Haec mea militia est ; ferimus, quae possumus, arma, 
 
 Dextraque non omni munere nostra vacat. lo 
 
 Si mihi non valido torquentur pila lacerto, 
 
 Nee bellatoris terga premuntur equi, 
 Nee galea tegimur, nee acuto cingimur ense : 
 
 — His habilis telis quilibet esse potest — 
 At tua prosequimur studioso pectore, Caesar, 15 
 
 Nomina, per titulos ingredimurque tuos. 
 Ergo ados, et placido paulum mea munera vultu 
 
 Respice, pacando si quid ab hoste vacat. 
 
 Fehrua Romani dixere piamina patres : 
 
 Nunc quoque dant verbo plurima signa fidem. 20 
 
 Pontifices ab Rege petunt et Flamine lanas, 
 
 Quis yeteri lingua Fehrua nomen erat ; 
 Quaeque capit lictor domibus purgamina certis, 
 
 Toi'rida cum mica farra, vocantur idem. 
 Nomen idem ramo, qui caesus ab arbore pura 25 
 
 Casta saeerdotum tempera fronde tegit. 
 Ipse ego Flaminicam poseentem /e5ri*a vidi: 
 
 Fehrua poscenti pinea virga data est. 
 Denique quodeumque est, quo pectora nostra piantur. 
 
 Hoc apud intonsos nomen liabebat avos. 30 
 
 Mensis ab his dictus, secta quia pelle Luperei 
 
 Omne solum lustrant, idque piamen liabent ; 
 Aut quia plaeatis sunt tempera pura sepulcris, 
 
 Tunc cum ferales praeteriere dies. 
 
Omne nefas omnemqiie mali piirgamina causam 35 
 
 Credebant nostri tollere posse senes. 
 Graecia principium moris dedit: ilia nocentes 
 
 Impia lustratos ponere facta putat. 
 Actoriden Peleiis, ipsum qiioque Pelea Phoci 
 
 Caede per Haenionias solvit Acastus aquas. 40 
 
 Vectam frenatis per inane draconibus Aegeus 
 
 Credulus immerita Phasida juvit ope. 
 Amphiaraides Naupactoo Aclieloo, 
 
 Solve nefas, dixit : solvit et ille nefas. 
 Ah nimiimi faciles, qui tristia crimina caedis 45 
 
 Fluminea tolli posse putatis aqua ! 
 
 Sed tanien — antiqui ne nescius ordinis erres — 
 
 Primus, ut est, Jani mensis et ante fuit. 
 Qui sequitur Janum veteris fuit ultimus anni ; 
 
 Tu quoque sacrorum, Termine, finis eras. 50 
 
 Primus enim Jani mensis, quia janua prima est ; 
 
 Qui sacer est imis Manibus, imus erat. 
 Postmodo creduntur spatio distantia longo 
 
 Tempera bis quini continuasse viri. 
 
 KAL. 1st. 
 
 Principio mensis Phrygiae contermina Matri 55 
 
 Sospita delubris dicitur aucta novis. 
 Nunc ubi sint illis quae sunt sacrata Kalendis 
 
 Templa deae ? longo procubuere die. 
 Caetera ne simili caderent labefacta ruin a, 
 
 Cavit sacrati provida cura ducis, 60 
 
 Sub quo delubris sentitur nulla senectus : 
 
 Nee satis est homines, obligat ille deos. 
 Templorum positor, temjjlorum sancte repostor, 
 
 Sit superis, opto, mutua cura tui. 
 Dent tibi caelestes, quos tu caelestibus, annos, 65 
 
 Proque tua maneant in statione dome. 
 
 Tum quoque vicini lucus celebratur Helerni, 
 Qua petit aequoreas advena Tibris aquas. 
 
 Ad penetrale Numae, Capitolinumque Tonantem, 
 Inque Jovis summa caeditur arce bidens. 70 
 
22 • FASTORUM 
 
 Saepe graves pluvias aclopertus nubibus Aiistor 
 
 Concitat, aut posita sub nive terra latet. 
 IV. NON. 2nd. 
 
 Proximus Hesperias Titan abituriis in undas 
 
 Gemmca purpureis cum juga demet equis, 
 Ilia nocte aliquis tollens ad sidera vultuni 75 
 
 Dieet : Ubi est liodie, quae Lyra fulsit lieri ? 
 Dumque Lyram quaeret, medii quoque terga Leonis 
 
 In liquidas subito mersa notabit aquas. 
 
 PRID. NON. 4th. 
 
 Quern modo caelatum stellis Delpliina videbas, 
 
 Is fugiet visus nocte sequente tuos ; 80 
 
 Seu fuit occultis felix in amoribus index, 
 
 Lesbida cum domino seu tulit ille lyram. 
 Quod mare non novit, quae nescit Ariona tellus ? 
 
 Carmine current es ille tenebat aquas. 
 Saepe sequens agnani lupus est a voce retentus, 85 
 
 Saepe avidum fugiens restitit agna lupum ; 
 Saepe canes leporesque umbra cubuere sub una, 
 
 Et stetit in saxo proxima cerva leae ; 
 Et sine lite loquax cum Palladis alite cornix 
 
 Sedit, et accipitri juncta columba fuit. 90 
 
 Cynthia saepe tuis fertur, vocalis Arion, 
 
 Tamquam fraternis obstupuisse modis. 
 Nomen Arionium Siculas impleverat urbes, 
 
 Captaque erat lyricis Ausonis ora sonis. 
 Inde domum repetens puppim conscendit Arion, 95 
 
 Atque ita quaesitas arte ferebat opes. 
 Forsitan, infelix, ventos undamque timebas ; 
 
 At tibi nave tua tutius aequor erat. 
 Namque gubernator destricto constitit ense, 
 
 Caeteraque armata conscia turba manu. 100 
 
 Quid tibi cum gladio ? dubiam rege, navita, pinum. 
 
 Non liaec sunt digitis arma tenenda tuis. 
 Ille metu pavidus, Mortem non deprecor, inquit, 
 
 Sed liceat sumpta pauca referre lyra. 
 Dant veniam, ridentque moram ; capit ille coronam, 105 
 
 Quae possit ciines, Phoebe, decere tuos. 
 Induerat Tyrio bis tinctam murice pallam ; 
 
 Reddidit icta sues poUice chorda sonos, 
 
LIBER II. 23 
 
 Flebilibus numeris veluti canentia dura 
 
 Trajectus penna tempora cantat olor. no 
 
 Protinus in medias ornatus desilit vmdas ; 
 
 Spargitiir impulsa caerula puppis aqua. 
 Inde, fide majus, tergo delpliina recurvo 
 
 Se memorant oneri sujjposuisse novo. 
 Ille sedens citliaranique tenet pretiumque veliendi us 
 
 Cantat, et aequoreas carmine mulcet aquas. 
 Di pia facta vident ; astris delpliina recepit 
 
 Juppiter, et stellas jussit habere novera. 
 Npif. 5th. 
 
 Nunc mibi mille sonos, quoque est memoratus Achilles, 
 
 Vellem, Maeonide, pectus inesse tuum. i-iO 
 
 Dum canimus sacras alterno jjectine Nonas, 
 
 Maxinius hinc fastis accumulatur honos. 
 Deficit ingenium, majoraque viribus urgent : 
 
 Haec milii praecij)uo est ore canenda dies. 
 Quid volui demons elegis imponere tantum 125 
 
 Ponderis ? heroi res erat ista pedis. 
 Sancte Pater Patriae, tibi plebs, tibi curia nomen 
 
 Hoc dedit, hoc dedimus nos tibi nomen eques. 
 Res tamen ante dedit ; sero quoque vera tulisti 
 
 Nomina ; jam pridem tu pater orbis eras. 130 
 
 Hoc tu per terras, quod in aethere Juppiter alto, 
 
 Nomen habes ; hominum tu pater, ille deum. 
 Romule, concedes ; facit hie tua magna tuendo 
 
 Moenia : tu dederas transilienda Remo. 
 Te Tatius, parvique Cures, Caeninaque sensit ; 135 
 
 Hoc duce Romanum est solis utrumque latus. 
 Tu breve nescio quid victae telluris habebas ; 
 
 Quodcumque est alto sub Jove Caesar habet. 
 Tu rapis, hie castas duce se jubet esse maritas ; 
 
 Tu recipis luco, reppulit ille nefas. ]40 
 
 Vis tibi grata fuit, florent sub Caesare leges ; 
 
 Tu domini nomen, principis ille tenet. 
 Te Remus incusat, veniam dedit hostibus ille ; 
 
 Caelestem fecit te pater, ille patrem. 
 
 Jam puer Idaeus media tonus eminet alvo, 145 
 
 Et liquidas mixto nectare fundit aquas. 
 
24 FASTORUM 
 
 Ell etiam, si quis Borcan liorrere solebat, 
 
 Graudeat : a Zepliyris mollior aura venit. 
 V. ID. 9th. 
 
 Qiiintus ab aequoreis nitidum jiibar extulit imdis 
 
 Lucifer, et prima tenipora veris erunt. 150 
 
 Ne fallare tamen, restant tibi frigora, rcstant, 
 
 Magnaque discedens signa reliquit hiems. 
 III. ID. 11th. 
 
 Tertia nox veniat : Custodem protinus Ursae 
 
 Aspicies geminos cxeruisse pedes. 
 Inter Hamadryadas jaculatricemque Dianam 155 
 
 Callisto sacri pars fuit una chori. 
 Ilia deac tangens areus, Quos tangimus, arcus, 
 
 Este meac testes virginitatis, ait. 
 Cynthia laudavit, promissaquc foedera serva, 
 
 Et comitum princeps tu milii, dixit, eris. iCo 
 
 Foedera servasset, si non formosa fuisset : 
 
 Cavit mortales ; de Jove crimen habet. 
 IMille feras Phoebe silvis venata redibat, 
 
 Aut plus, aut medium sole tenente diem. 
 Ut tetigit lucum, — densa niger ilice lucus, 165 
 
 In medio gelidae fons erat altus aquae — 
 Hie, ait, in silva, virgo Tegeaea, lavemur : 
 
 Eiiibuit falso virginis ilia sono. 
 Dixerat et nymphis ; nymphae velamina ponunt : 
 
 Hanc pudct, et tardae dat mala signa morae. 170 
 
 Exuerat tunicas : uteri manifesta tumore 
 
 Proditiir indicio ponderis ipsa sui, 
 Cui Dea, Virgineos, perjura Lycaoni, coetus 
 
 Desere, uec castas pollue, dixit, aquas. 
 Luna novum decies implerat cornibus orbem ; 175 
 
 Quae fuerat virgo credit a, mater erat. 
 Laesa furit Juno, formam mutatque puellae. 
 
 Quid facis ? invito est pectore passa Jovem. 
 Utque ferae ^ddit turpes in pellice vultus, 
 
 Hujus in amplexus Juppiter, inquit, eat. iso 
 
 Ursa per incultos errabat squalida montes, 
 
 Quae fuerat summo nuper amata Jovi. 
 Jam tria lustra puer furto conceptus agebat, 
 
 Cum mater nato est obvia facta suo. 
 
LIBER II. 25 
 
 Ilia quidem tamquam cognosceret, adstitit amens, 185 
 
 Et gemuit : gemitus verba parentis erant. 
 Hanc puer ignarus jaculo fixisset acuto, 
 
 Ni foret in superas raptus uterque domiis. 
 Signa propinqua micant: prior est, quam dicimiis Arcton; 
 
 Arctophylax formam terga sequentis liabet. 190 
 
 Saevit adliuc canamque rogat Saturnia Tetli3m, 
 
 Maenaliam tactis ne lavet Arcton aquis. 
 
 iDus. 1 Sth. 
 
 Idibus agrestis fumant altaria Fauni, 
 
 Hie ubi discretas insula rumpit aquas. 
 Haec fuit ilia dies, in qua Veientibus ai-vis 195 
 
 Ter centum Fabii ter cecidere duo. 
 Una domus vires et onus susceperat urbis : 
 
 Sumunt gentiles arma professa manus ; 
 Egreditur castris miles generosus ab isdem, 
 
 E quis dux fieri quilibet aptus erat. 200 
 
 Carmentis portae dextro est via proxima Jano ; 
 
 Ire per banc noli, quisquis es, omen habet. 
 [Ilia fama refert Fabios exisse trecentos : 
 
 Porta vacat culpa ; sed tamen omen habet.] 
 Ut celeri passu Cremeram tetigere rapacem, 205 
 
 — Turbidus liibernis ille fluebat aquis — 
 Castra loco ponmit : destrictis ensibus ipsi 
 
 Tyrrlienum valido Marte per agmen eunt, 
 Non alitor, quam cum Libyca de rupe leones 
 
 Invadunt sparsos lata per arva greges. 210 
 
 Diffugiunt liostes, inhonestaque vulnera tergo 
 
 Accipiunt ; Tusco sanguine terra rubet. 
 Sic iterum, sic saepe cadunt. Ubi vincere aperte 
 
 Non datur, insiclias armaque tecta parant. 
 Campus erat, campi claudebant ultima colles, 215 
 
 Silvaque montanas occulere apta feras. 
 In medio paucos armentaque rara relinquunt ; 
 
 Caetera virgultis abdita turba latet. 
 Ecce, velut torrens undis pluvialibus auctus 
 
 Aut nive, quae Zepliyro victa tepente fluit, 220 
 
 Per sata perque vias fertur, nee, ut ante solebat, 
 
 Riparum clausas margine finit aquas : 
 
 c 
 
26 FASTORUM 
 
 Sic- Fabii vallem latis disciirsibus iinplent, 
 
 Quodqiie vident stcrnunt, nee metus alter incst. 
 Quo ruitis, generosa domiis ? male creditis liosti. -ii^ 
 
 Simplex nobilitas, pertida tela cave. 
 Fi-aiide perit virtus. In apertos undique canipos 
 
 Prosiliuut liostes, et latus omne tenent. 
 Quid facient pauci contra tot millia fortes ? 
 
 Quidve, quod in misero temi)ore restet, liabent ? -iso 
 Sicut aper silvis longe Lavn'cntibus actus 
 
 Fulmineo celeres dissipat ore canes ; 
 Mox tamen ipse perit : sic non moriuntur inulti, 
 
 Vulneraque altcrna dantque feruntque manu. 
 Una dies Fabios ad bcUum miserat omnes ; 23') 
 
 Ad bellum missos perdidit una dies. 
 TJt tamen llerculeae superessent semina gentis, 
 
 Credibile est ipsos consuluisse deos : 
 Nam puer impubes et adliuc non utilis armis 
 
 Unus de Fabia gente relictus erat, 2-10 
 
 Scilicet, ut posses olim tu, Maximo, nasci, 
 
 Cui res cunctando restituenda foret. 
 
 XVI. KAL. 14tii. 
 
 Continuata loco tria sidera, Corvus et Anguis, 
 
 Et medius Crater inter utrumque jacet. 
 Idibus ilia latent : oriuntur nocte sequenti. 24 5 
 
 Quae tibi cur tria sint tam sociata, canam. 
 Forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollemne parabat : 
 
 — Non faciet longas fabula nostra moras — 
 I mea, dixit, avis, ne quid pia sacra moretur, 
 
 Et tenuem vivis fontibus afFer aquam. 250 
 
 CorAiis inauratum pedibus cratera recur\'is 
 
 Tollit, et aeriura pervolat altus iter. 
 Stabat adliuc duris ficus densissima pomis ; 
 
 Tent at eam rostro ; non erat apta legi. 
 Immemor imperii sedisse sub arbore fertur, 255 
 
 Dum fierent tarda dulcia poma mora. 
 Jamque satur nigris longum rapit unguibus hydruin, 
 
 Ad dominumque redit, fictaque verba refert : 
 Hie milii causa morae, vivarum obsessor aquarum : 
 
 Hie tenuit fontes officiumque meum. 260 
 
 Addis, ait, culpae mendacia ? Phoebus, et audes 
 
 Fatidicum verbis fallere velle deum ? 
 
LIBER II. 27 
 
 At tibi, dum lactens liaerebit in arbore ficus, 
 
 De nullo gelidae fonte bibentur aquae. 
 Dixit, et antiqui monumenta perennia facti 2«33 
 
 Anguis, Avis, Crater, sidera juncta micant. 
 
 XV. KAL. 15th. 
 
 Tertia post Idus iiudos Aurora Lupercos 
 
 Aspicit et Fauni sacra bicornis eunt. 
 Dicite, Pierides, sacrorum quae sit origo, 
 
 Attigerint Latias unde petita domes. 270 
 
 Pana deum pecoris veteres coluisse feruntur 
 
 Arcades : Arcadiis plurimus ille jugis. 
 Testis erit Pboloe, testes Stymphalides undae, 
 
 Quique citis Ladon in mare currit aquis, 
 Cinctaque pinetis nemoris juga Nonacrini, 275 
 
 Altaque Tricrene, Parrhasiaeque nives. 
 Pan erat armenti, Pan illic numen equarum ; 
 
 Munus ob incolumes ille ferebat oves. 
 Transtulit Evander silvestria numina secum ; 
 
 — Hie ubi nunc urbs est, tum locus urbis erat — 280 
 Inde deum colimus, devectaque sacra Pelasgis : 
 
 Flamen ad baec prisco more Dialis erit. 
 Cur igitur currant, et cur — sic currere mos est — 
 
 Nuda ferant posita corpora veste, rogas ? 
 Ipse deus velox discurrere gaudet in altis 285 
 
 Montibus, et subitas concipit ille fugas. 
 Ipse deus nudus nudos jubet ire ministros : 
 
 Nee satis ad cursus commoda vestis erat. 
 Ante Jovem genitum terras liabuisse feruntur 
 
 Arcades, et Lima gens prior ilia fuit. 290 
 
 Vita feris similis, nullos agitata per usus ; 
 
 Artis adliuc expers et rude vulgus erat. 
 Pro domibus frondes norant, pro frugibus lierbas ; 
 
 Nectar erat palrais bausta duabus aqua. 
 Nullus anhelabat sub adunco vomere taurus ; 290 
 
 Nulla sub imperio terra colentis erat ; 
 Nvillus adbuc erat usus equi, se quisque ferebat. 
 
 Ibat ovis lana corpus amicta sua ; 
 Sub Jove durabant, et corpora nuda gerebant, 
 
 Docta graves imbres et tolerare Notos. 300 
 
 c2 
 
28 FASTORUM 
 
 Nunc quoque detect! referunt monumenta vetusti 
 Moris, et antiquas testificantur opes. 
 
 Sed, cur praecipue fugiat velamina Faunus, 
 
 Traditur antiqui fabula plena joci. 
 Forte comes dominae juvenis Tirynthius ibat : 305 
 
 Vidit ab excelso Faunus utrumque jugo. 
 Vidit, et incaluit, Montanaque numina, dixit, 
 
 Nil milii vobiscum est ; haec mens ardor erit. 
 Ibat odoratis liumeros perfusa capillis 
 
 Maeonis, aurato conspicienda sinu. 310 
 
 Aurea pellebant rapidos umbracula soles, 
 
 Quae tamen Herculeae sustinuere manus. 
 Jam Bacchi nemus et Tmoli vineta tenebant, 
 
 Hesperus et fusco roscidus ibat equo. 
 Antra subit tophis laqueataque pumice vivo ; 315 
 
 Garrulus in prime limine rivus erat. 
 Dumque parant epulas potandaque vina ministri, 
 
 Cultibus Alciden instruit ilia suis. 
 Dat tenues tunicas Gaetulo murice tinctas ; 
 
 Dat teretem zonam, qua modo cincta fuit. 320 
 
 Ventre minor zona est ; tunicarum vincla relaxat, 
 
 Ut posset vastas exseruisse manus. 
 Fregerat armillas non ilia ad bracbia factas ; 
 
 Scindebant raagni vincula parva pedes. 
 Ipsa capit clavamque gravem spoliumque leonis, 325 
 
 Conditaque in pliaretra tela minora sua. 
 Sic epulis functi, sic dant sua corpora somno, 
 
 Et positis juxta secubuere toris. 
 Causa, repertori vitis pia sacra parabant. 
 
 Quae facerent pure cum foret orta dies. 330 
 
 Noctis erat medium — quid non amor improbus audet ? — 
 
 Roscida per tenebras Faunus ad antra venit. 
 Utque videt comites somno vinoque solutes, 
 
 Spem capit in dominis esse soporis idem, 
 lutrat, et liuc illuc temerarius errat adulter, 335 
 
 Et praefert cautas" subsequiturque manus. 
 Venerat ad strati captata cubilia lecti, 
 
 Et felix prima forte futurus erat. 
 Ut tetigit fulvi setis liirsuta leonis 
 
 Vellera, pertimuit, sustinuitque manum, 340 
 
LIBER II. 29 
 
 Attonitusqiie metii rediit : ut saepe viator 
 
 Turbatum viso rettulit angue pedem. 
 Inde tori, qui junctus erat, velamina tangit 
 
 Mollia, mendaci decipiturque nota. 
 Caetera tentantem cubito Tirynthius lieros 
 
 Reppulit : e summo decidit ille toro.. 350 
 
 Fit sonus ; inclamant comites, et lumina poscit 
 
 Maeonis : illatis ignibus acta patent. 
 Ille gemit lecto graviter dejectus ab alto, 
 
 Membraque de dura vix sua tollit humo. 
 Ridet et Alcides, et qui videre jacentem ; 355 
 
 Ridet amatorem Lyda puella suum. 
 Veste deus lusus fallentes lumina vestes 
 
 Non amat, et nudos ad sua sacra vocat. 
 
 Adde peregrinis causas, mea Musa, Latinas, 
 
 Inque suo noster pulvere currat equus. 36o 
 
 Cornipedi Fauno caesa de more capella, 
 
 Venit ad exiguas turba vocata dapes ; 
 Dumque sacerdotes veribus transuta salignis 
 
 Exta parant, medias sole tenente vias, 
 Romulus et frater pastoralisque juventus 365 
 
 Solibus et campo corpora nuda dabant ; 
 Vectibus et jaculis et missi pondere saxi 
 
 Bracliia per lusus experienda dabant. 
 Pastor ab excelso, Per devia rura juvencos, 
 
 Romule, praedones, et Reme, dixit, agunt. 370 
 
 Longum erat armari ; diversis exit uterque 
 
 Partibus ; accursu praeda recepta Remi. 
 Ut rediit veribus stridentia detrahit exta 
 
 Atque ait : Haec certe non nisi victor edet. 
 Dicta facit, Fabiique simul. Venit irritus illuc 375 
 
 Romulus, et mensas ossaque nuda videt. 
 Risit, et indoluit Fabios potuisse Remumque 
 
 Vincere, Quintilios non potuisse suos. 
 Fama manet facti ; posito velamine currunt, 
 
 Et memorem famam, quod bene cessit, liabet. 380 
 
 Forsitan et quaeras, cur sit locus ille Lupercal, 
 Quaeve diem tali nomine cavisa notet, 
 c3 
 
oO FASTORUM 
 
 Silvia Vestalis caelestia semina partu 
 
 Ediderat, patruo regna tenente suo. 
 Is jubet auferri pueros et in amne necari. 385 
 
 Quid facis ? ex istis Romulus alter erit. 
 Jussa recusantes peragaint lacrimosa ministri ; 
 
 Flent tamen, et geminos in loca jussa ferunt. 
 Albula, queni Tiberin mersus Tiberinus in unda 
 
 Reddidit, bibernis forte tumebat aquis. 390 
 
 Hie, ubi nunc Fora sunt, lintres errare videres, 
 
 Q.uaque jacent valles, Maxime Circe, tuae. 
 Hue ubi venerunt, — neque enim procedere possunt 
 
 Longius — ex illis unus et alter, ait : 
 At quam sunt similes ! at quam formosus uterque ! 395 
 
 Plus tamen ex illis iste vigoris liabet. 
 Si genus arguitur vultu, nisi fallit imago, 
 
 Nescio quera e vobis suspicor esse deum. 
 At si quis vestrae deus esset originis auctor, 
 
 In tam praecipiti tempore ferret opem. 400 
 
 Ferret opem certe, si non ope mater egeret, 
 
 Quae facta est uno mater et orba die. 
 Nata simul, moritura simul, simul ite sub undas 
 
 Corpora. Desierat deposuitque sinu ; 
 Vagierunt anibo pariter ; sentire putares. 403 
 
 Hi redeunt udis in sua tecta genis ; 
 Sustinet impositos summa cavus alveus unda. 
 
 Heu quantum fati parva tabella tulit ! 
 Alveus in limo silvis appulsus opacis, 
 
 Paullatim fluvio deficiente, sedet. 410 
 
 Arbor erat ; remanent vestigia, quaeque vocatur 
 
 Romula non ficus, Romula ficus erat. 
 Yenit ad expositos — mirum — lupa feta gemellos. 
 
 Quis credat pueris non nocuisse feram ? 
 Nonnocuisse parumest, prodestquoque; quos lupa nutrit, 
 
 Perdere cognatae sustinuere manus. 
 Constitit, et cauda ten oris blanditur alumnis, 
 
 Et fingit lingua corpora bina sua. 
 Marte satos scires, timor abfuit ; ubera ducunt, 
 
 Nee sibi promissi lactis aluntur ope. 420 
 
 Ilia loco nomen fecit ; locus ipse Lupercis. 
 
 Magna dati nutrix praemia lactis babet. 
 
LIBER ir. ;:>i 
 
 Quid vetat Arcadio dictos a monte Lupercos ? 
 Faiinus in Arcadia terapla Lycaeus habet. 
 
 Nupta, quid exspectas ? noii tu pollentibus lierbis, 425 
 
 Nee prece, nee magico carmine mater eris. 
 Excipe fecundae patienter verbera dextrae ; 
 
 Jam socer optatum nomen habebit avi. 
 Nam fuit ilia dies, dura cum sorte maritae 
 
 Reddebant uteri pignora rara sui. -iso 
 
 Quid mihi, clamabat, prodest rapuisse Sabinas ! 
 
 Romulus — hoc illo sceptra tenente fuit — 
 Si mea non vires sed bellum injuria fecit, 
 
 Utilius fuerat non liabuisse nurus. 
 Monte sub Esquilio, multis incaeduus annis 435 
 
 Junonis magnae nomine lucus erat. 
 Hue ubi venerunt, pariter nuptaeque virique 
 
 Suppliciter posito procubuere genu. 
 Cum subito motae tremuere eacumina silvae, 
 
 Et dea per lucos mira locuta suos, 440 
 
 Italidas matres, inquit, sacer bircus inito ! 
 
 Obstupuit dubio territa turba sono. 
 Augur erat ; nomen longis intercidit annis ; 
 
 Nuper ab Etrusca venerat exul liumo. 
 Ille caprum raactat ; jussae sua terga puellae 445 
 
 Pellibus exsectis percutienda dabant. 
 Luna resumebat decimo nova cornua motu, 
 
 Virque pater subito, nuptaque mater erat. 
 Gratia Lucinae : dedit baec tibi nomina lucus, 
 
 Aut quia prineipiuni tu, dea, lucis babes. 450 
 
 Parce, precor, gravidis, facilis Lucina, puellis, 
 
 Maturumque utero molliter effer onus. 
 
 Orta dies fuerit ; tu desine credere ventis, 
 
 Perdidit illius temporis aura fidem. 
 Flamina non constant, et sex reserata diebus 455 
 
 Carceris Aeolii janua laxa patet. 
 Jam levis obliqua subsedit Aquarius urna ; 
 
 Proximus aetberios excipe, Piscis, equos. 
 Te memorant fratremque tuum — nam juncta mieatis 
 
 Signa — duos tergo sustinuisse decs. 460 
 
 c 4 
 
32 ^ FASTOKUM 
 
 Terribilem quondam fugiens Tjpliona Dione, 
 
 Tunc cum pro caelo Juppiter arma tulit, 
 Venit ad Eupliraten comitate Cupidine parvo, 
 
 Inque Palaestinae margine sedit aquae. 
 Populus et cannae riparum summa tenebant, 465 
 
 Spemque dabant salices, hos quoque posse tegi. 
 Dum latet, insonuit vento nemus. Ilia timore 
 
 Pallet, et liostiles credit adesse manus ; 
 Utque sinu tenuit natum, Succurrite Nympliae, 
 
 Et dis auxilium ferte duobus, ait. 47o 
 
 Nee mora, prosiluit : pisces subiere gemelli ; 
 
 Pro quo nunc cerni sidera munus liabent. 
 Inde nefas ducunt genus hoc imponere mensis, 
 
 Nee violant timidi piscibus ora Syri. 
 
 XTiL KAL. 17th. 
 
 Proxima lux vacua est : at tertia dicta Quirino. 475 
 
 Qui tenet lioc nomen, Romulus ante fuit ; 
 Sive quod liasta curis priscis est dicta Sabinis ; — 
 
 Bellicus a telo venit in astra deus — 
 Sive suo regi nomen posuere Qviirites ; 
 
 Sen quia Romanis junxerat ille Cures. 480 
 
 Nam pater armipotens, postquam nova moenia vidit, 
 
 Multaque Romulea bella peracta manu, 
 Juppiter, inquit, liabet Romana potentia vires ; 
 
 Sanguinis officio non eget ilia mei. 
 Redde patri natum ; quamvis intercidit alter, 485 
 
 Pro se, proque Remo, qui milii restat, erit. 
 Unus erit quem tu tolles in caerula caeli, 
 
 Tu milii dixisti ; sint rata dicta Jovis. 
 Juppiter annuerat ; nutu tremefactus uterque 
 
 Est polus, et caeli pondera movet Atlas. 490 
 
 Est locus ; antiqui Capreae dixere paludem. 
 
 Forte tuis illic, Romule, jura dabas. 
 Sol fugit, et removent subeuntia nubila caelum, 
 
 Et gravis eifusis decidit imber aquis, 
 Hinc tonat, hinc missis abrumpitur ignibus aetlier. 493 
 
 Fit fuga ; rex patris astra petebat equis. 
 Luctus erat, falsaeque Patres in crimine caedis : 
 
 Haesissetque animis forsitan ilia fides ; 
 
LIBER II. S3 
 
 Sed Proculus Longa veniebat Julius Alba, 
 
 Lunaque surgebat, nee facis usus erat ; 500 
 
 Cum subito motu sepes tremuere sinistrae. 
 
 Rettulit ille gradus, hoiTueruntque comae. 
 Pulclier, et bumano major, trabeaque deconis 
 
 Romulus in media visus adesse via, 
 Et dixisse simul : Proliibe lugere Quirites ; 505 
 
 Nee violent lacrimis numina nostra suis. 
 Tbura ferant, plaeentque novum pia turba Quirinum, 
 
 Et patrias artes militiamque colant. 
 Jussit, et in tenues oculis evanuit auras. 
 
 Convocat liie populos, jussaque verba refert 5io 
 
 Templa deo fiunt ; coUis quoque dictus ab illo est, 
 
 Et referunt certi sacra paterna dies. 
 
 Lux quoque cur eadem Stultorum festa vocetur, 
 
 Aceipe ; parva quidem causa, sed apta subest. 
 Non habuit doctos tellus antiqua colonos ; 515 
 
 Lassabant agiles aspera bella viros. 
 Plus erat in gladio, quam curve laudis aratro ; 
 
 Neglectus domino pauca ferebat ager. 
 Farra tamen veteres jaciebant, farra metebant, 
 
 Primitias Cereri farra resecta dabant. 520 
 
 Usibus admoniti flammis torrenda dederunt, 
 
 Multaque peecato damna tulere sue. 
 Nam modo verrebant nigras pro farre fa villas ; 
 
 Nunc ipsas ignes corripuere casas. 
 Facta dea est Fornax : laeti Fornace coloni 525 
 
 Orant, ut fruges temperet ilia suas. 
 Curio legitimis nunc Fornacalia verbis 
 
 Maximus indicit, nee stata sacra facit ; 
 Inque Foro, multa circum pendente tabella, 
 
 Signatur certa Curia quaeque nota ; 530 
 
 Stultaque pars populi quae sit sua Curia nescit ; 
 
 Sed facit extrema sacra relata die. 
 
 XII — IX. KAL. 18th — 21sT. 
 
 Est honor et tumulis : animas placate paternas, 
 
 Parvaque in exstructas munera ferte pyras. 
 Parva petunt Manes : pietas pro divite grata est 535 
 
 Munere ; non avidos Styx liabet ima deos. 
 c 5 
 
S4 FASTOKUM 
 
 Tegula porrectis satis est velata coronis, 
 
 Et sparsae friiges, parvaque mica salis, 
 Iiique mero moUita Ceres, violaeque solutae. 
 
 Haec habeat media testa relicta via. 540 
 
 Nee majora veto : sed et his placabilis umbra est. 
 
 Adde preces positis et sua verba focis. 
 Hunc morem Aeneas, pietatis idoneus auctor, 
 
 Attulit in terras, juste Latine, tuas. 
 Ille patris Genio sollemnia dona ferebat ; 545 
 
 Hinc populi ritus edidicere pios. 
 At quondam, dum longa gerunt pugnacibus armis 
 
 Bella, Parentales deseruere dies. 
 Non impune fuit ; nam dicitur omine ab isto 
 
 Roma suburbanis incaluisse rogis. 550 
 
 Yix equidem credo : bustis exisse feruntur, 
 
 Et tacitae questi tempore noctis avi ; 
 Perque vias urbis, latosque ululasse per agros 
 
 Deformes aniluas, vulgus inane, ferunt. 
 Post ea praeteriti tumulis redduntur lionores, 555 
 
 Prodigiisque venit funeribusque modus. 
 Dum tamen haec fient, viduae cessate puellae ; 
 
 Exspectet puros pinea taeda dies. 
 Nee tibi, quae cupidae matura videbere matri, 
 
 Comat virgineas liasta recurva comas. 560 
 
 Conde tuas, Hymenaee, faces, et ab ignibus atris 
 
 Aufer : habent alias maesta sepulcra faces. 
 Di quoque templorum foribus celentur opertis, 
 
 Thure vacent arae, stentque sine igne foci. 
 Nunc animae tenues et corpora functa sepulcris 565 
 
 Errant ; nunc posito pascitur umbra cibo. 
 Nee tamen haec ultra, quam tot de mense supersint 
 
 Luciferi, quot habent carmina nostra pedes. 
 Hanc, quia justa ferunt, dixere Feralia lucem. 
 
 Ultima placandis Manibus ilia dies. 570 
 
 Ecce anus in mediis residens amiosa puellis 
 Sacra facit Tacitae — vix tamen ipsa facet — 
 
 Et digitis tria thura tribus sub limine ponit, 
 Qua brevis occultum mus sibi fecit iter. 
 
Turn cantata ligat cum fusco licia plumbo ; 575 
 
 Et septem nigras versat in ore fabas ; 
 Quodque pice astrinxit, quod acu trajecit aena, 
 
 Obsutum maenae torret in igne caput. 
 Vina quoque instillat ; vini quodcumque relictum est, 
 
 Aut ipsa, aut comites, plus tamen ipsa, bibit. 580 
 
 Hostiles ling-uas inimicaque vinximus era, 
 
 Dicit discedens, ebriaque exit anus. 
 
 Protinus a nobis, quae sit dea Muta, requires. 
 
 Disce, per antiquos quae mibi nota senes. 
 Juppiter immodico Juturnae captus amore 585 
 
 Multa tulit, tanto non patienda deo. 
 Ilia niodo in silvis inter coryleta jacebat ; 
 
 Nunc in cognatas desiliebat aquas. 
 Convocat liic Nymphas, Latium quaecumque tenebant, 
 
 Et jacit in medio talia verba clioro : 590 
 
 Invidet ipsa sibi vitatque, quod expedit illi, 
 
 Vestra sorer sumrao jungere membra deo. 
 Consulite ambobus ; nam quae mea magna voluptas, 
 
 Utilitas vestrae magna sororis erit. 
 Yos illi in prima fugienti obsistite ripa, 595 
 
 Ne sua fluminea corpora mergat aqua. 
 Dixerat : annuerunt udae omnes Tiberinides, 
 
 Quaeque colunt tlialamos, Ilia diva, tuos. 
 Forte fuit Nais, Lara nomine ; prima sed illi 
 
 Dicta bis antiquum syllaba nomen erat, 600 
 
 Ex vitio positum. Saepe illi dixerat Almon, 
 
 Nata, tene linguam : nee tamen ilia tenet. 
 Quae, simul ac tetigit Juturnae stagna sororis, 
 
 Eifuge, ait, ripas : dicta refertque Jovis. 
 Ilia etiam Junonem adiit, miserataque nuptas, 605 
 
 Naida Juturnam vir tuus, inquit, amat. 
 Juppiter intumuit ; quaeque est non usa modeste, 
 
 Eripuit linguam, Mercuriumque vocat, 
 Due banc ad Manes : locus ille silentibus aptus. 
 
 Nymplia, sed infernae Nympba paludis, erit 610 
 
 Jussa Jovis fiunt ; accepit lucus euntes ; 
 
 Dicitur ilia duci turn placuisse deo. 
 c6 
 
36 FASTORUM 
 
 Vim parat hie ; vultu pro verbis ilia precatur, 
 
 Et frustra muto nititur ore loqui. 
 Fitque gravis, geminosque parit, qui compita servant, 61 5 
 
 Et vigilant nostra semper in urbe, Lares. 
 VIII. KAL. 22nd. 
 
 Proxima cognati clixere Caristia cari, 
 
 Et venit ad socios turba propinqua deos. 
 Scilicet a tumulis et qui periere propinquis 
 
 Protinus ad vivos ora referre juvat, 620 
 
 Postque tot amissos, quidquid de sanguine restat, 
 
 Aspicere, et generis dinumerare gradus. 
 Innocui veniant : procul Line, procul impius esto 
 
 Prater, et in partus mater acerba suos, 
 Cui pater est vivax, qui matris digerit annos, 625 
 
 Quae premit invisarn soerus iniqua nurum. 
 Tantalidae fratres absint, et lasonis uxor, 
 
 Et quae rurieoiis semina tosta dedit, 
 Et soror, et Proene, Tereusque duabus iniquus, 
 
 Et quicumque suas per seelus auget opes. 630 
 
 Dis generis date tliura bonis ; Concordia fertur 
 
 Ilia praeeipue mitis adesse die ; 
 Et libate dapes, ut, grati pignus honoris, 
 
 Nutriat incinetos missa patella Lares. 
 Jamque ubi suadebit plaeidos iiox hurnida somnos, 635 
 
 Parea preeaturi sumite vina manu, 
 Et, Bene vos, bene te patriae Pater, optime Caesar ! 
 
 Dieite suffuse ter bona verba mere. 
 
 VII. KAL. 2.3rd. 
 
 Nox ubi transierit, solito eelebretur honore 
 
 Separat indicio qui deus arva suo. 640 
 
 Termine, sive lapis, sive es defossus in agro 
 
 Stipes ab antiquis, tu quoque numen liabes. 
 Te duo diversa domini pro parte eoronant, 
 
 Binaque serta tibi, binaque liba ferunt. 
 Ara fit : hue ignem eurto fert rustica testu 645 
 
 Sumptum de tepidis ipsa eolona focis. 
 Ligna senex minuit, eoncisaque eonstruit alte, 
 
 Et solida ramos figere pugnat humo ; 
 Tum sicco primas irritat cortiee flammas, 
 
 Stat puer, et manibus lata eanistra tenet. 650 
 
LIBER II. 37 
 
 Inde, ubi ter fruges medios immisit in ignes, 
 
 Porrigit incisos filia parva favos. 
 Vina tenent alii ; libantur singula flammis. 
 
 Spectant et linguis Candida turba fa vent. 
 Spargitur et caeso communis Terminus agno ; 655 
 
 Nee queritur, lactens cum sibi porca datur. 
 Conveniunt celebrantque dapcs vicinia supplex, 
 
 Et cantant laudes, Termine sancte, tuas. 
 Tu populos, urbesque, et regna ingentia finis : 
 
 Omnis erit sine te litigiosus ager. 660 
 
 Nulla tibi ambitio est ; nullo corrumperis auro ; 
 
 Legitima servas credita rura tide. 
 Si tu signasses olim Tliyreatida terram, 
 
 Coi-pora non leto missa trecenta forent, 
 Nee foret Otbryades congestis lectus in armis. 665 
 
 quantum patriae sanguinis ille dedit ! 
 Quid nova cum fierent Capitolia ? nempe deorum 
 
 Cuncta Jovi cessit turba, locumque dedit. 
 Terminus — ut veteres memorant — inventus in aede 
 
 Restitit, et magno cum Jove templa tenet. 670 
 
 Nunc quoque, se supra ne quid nisi sidera cernat, 
 
 Exiguum templi tecta foramen liabent. 
 Termine, post illud levitas tibi libera non est, 
 ~ Qua positus fueris in statione, mane. 
 Nee tu vicino quidquam concede roganti, 675 
 
 Ne videare hominem praeposuisse Jovi ; 
 Et sen vomeribus, sou tu pulsabere rastris, 
 
 Clamato, Suus est liic ager, ille tuns. — 
 Est via, quae populum Laurentes ducit in agros, 
 
 Quondam Dardanio regna petita duci. 6so 
 
 Iliac lanigeri pecoris tibi, Termine, fibris 
 
 Sacra videt fieri sextus ab urbe lapis. 
 Gentibus est aliis tellus data limite certo ; 
 
 Romanae spatium est urbis et orbis idem. 
 
 VI. KAL. 2-iTH, 
 
 Nunc milii dicenda est Regis fuga. Traxit ab ilia 685 
 
 Sextus ab extreme nomina mense dies. 
 Ultima Tarqviinius Romanae gentis liabebat 
 
 Regna, vir injustus, fortis ad anna tamen. 
 
88 FASTORUM 
 
 Ceperat hie alias, alias everterat urbes, 
 
 Et Gabios turpi fecerat arte suos. 690 
 
 Namque trium minimus, proles manifesta Superbi, 
 
 In meclios liostes nocte silente venit, 
 Nudarant g-ladios : Occidite, dixit, inermem ! 
 
 Hoc cupiant fratres, Tarquiniusque pater, 
 Qui mea crudeli laceravit verbere terga ! 695 
 
 — Dicere ut hoc posset, verbera passus erat — 
 Luna fuit : spectant juvenem, gladiosque recondunt, 
 
 Tergaque, deducta veste, notata vident. 
 Flent quoque, et, ut secum tueatur bella, precantur. 
 
 Callidus ignaris annuit ille viris. 700 
 
 Jamque potens misso genitorem appellat amico, 
 
 Perdendi Grabios quod sibi monstret iter. 
 Hortus odoratis suberat cultissimus herbis, 
 
 Sectus humum rivo lene sonantis aquae. 
 Illic Tarquinius mandata latentia nati 705 
 
 Accipit, et virga lilia summa metit. 
 Nuntius ut rediit, decussaque lilia dixit, 
 
 Filius, Agnoscojussa. parentis, ait. 
 Nee mora : prineipibus eaesis ex urbe Grabina, 
 
 Traduntur dueibus moenia nuda suis. 710 
 
 Ecce — nefas visu — mediis altaribus anguis 
 
 Exit, et exstinctis ignibus exta rapit. 
 Consulitur Phoebus. Sors est ita reddita : Matri 
 
 Qui dederit princeps oscula, victor erit. 
 Oseula quisque suae matri properata tulerunt 71 5 
 
 Non intellecto credula turba deo. 
 Brutus erat stulti sapiens imitator, ut esset 
 
 Tutus ab insidiis, dire Superbe, tuis. 
 Ille jacens pronus matri dedit oscula Terrae, 
 
 Creditus offense procubuisse pede. 720 
 
 Cingitur interea Romanis Ardea signis, 
 
 Et patitur lentas obsidione moras. 
 Dum vaeat, et metuunt hostes committere pugnam, 
 
 Luditur in castris ; otia miles agit. 
 Tarquinius juvenis soeios dapibusque meroque 725 
 
 Accipit, ex illis rege creatus ait : 
 Dum nos sollicitos pigro tenet Ardea bello. 
 
 Nee sinit ad patrios arma referre deos ; 
 
LIBER II. 39 
 
 Ecquid in officio torus est socialis ? et ecqtiid 
 
 Conjugibus nostris mutua cura sumus ? 730 
 
 Quisque suam laudat ; studiis certamina crescunt, 
 
 Et fervent multo linguaque corque mero. 
 Surgit cui dederat clarum Collatia nomen ; 
 
 Non opus est verbis, credite rebus, ait. 
 Nox superest : tollamur equis, urbemque petamus. 735 
 
 Dicta placent ; frenis impediuntur equi ; 
 Pertulerant dominos ; regalia protinus illi 
 
 Tecta petunt ; custos in fore nullus erat. 
 Ecce nurum regis fusis per colla coronis 
 
 Inveniunt posito pervigilare mero. 740 
 
 Inde cito passu petitur Lucretia. Nebat ; 
 
 Ante torum calathi lanaque mollis erant. 
 Lumen ad exiguum famulae data pensa traliebant, 
 
 Inter quas tenui sic ait ipsa sono : 
 Mittenda est domino — nunc, nunc properate, puellae — 
 
 Quamprimum nostra facta lacerna manu. 
 Quid tamen auditis ? — nam plura audire potestis — 
 
 Quantum de bello dicitur esse super ? 
 Postmodo victa cades, melioribus, Ardea, restas, 
 
 Improba, quae nostros cogis abesse viros. 7.50 
 
 vSint tantum reduces. Sed enim temerarius ille 
 
 Est mens, et stricto qualibet ense ruit. 
 Mens abit et morior, quotiens pugnantis imago. 
 
 Me subit, et gelidum pectora frigus liabet. 
 Desinit in lacrimas, incoeptaque fila remittit, 755 
 
 In gremio vultum deposuitque suum. 
 Hoc ipsum decuit : lacrimae decuere pudicam, 
 
 Et facies animo dignaque parque fuit. 
 Pone metum, venio, conjunx ait. Ilia revixit, 
 
 Deque viri collo dulce pependit onus. 760 
 
 Interea juvenis furiatos regius ignes 
 
 Concipit, et caeco raptus amore furit. 
 Forma placet, niveusque color, flavique capilli, 
 
 Quique aderat nulla factus ab arte decor. 
 Verba placent, et vox, et quod corrumpere non est ; 765 
 
 Quoque minor spes est, hoc magis ille cupit. 
 Jam dederat cantus lucis praenuntius ales, 
 
 Cum referunt juvenes in sua castra pedem. 
 
40 FASTOKUM 
 
 Carpitur attonitos absentis imagine sensus 
 
 Ille : recordanti plura magisque placent. 770 
 
 Sic sedit, sic culta fuit, sic stamina nevit, 
 
 Neglectae collo sic jacuere comae, 
 Hos liabiiit voltus, haec illi verba fuerimt, 
 
 Hie decor, haec facies, hie color oris erat. 
 Ut solet a magno fluctus languescere flatu, 775 
 
 Sed tamen a vento, qui fuit, unda tumet : 
 Sic, quamvis aberat placitae praesentia formae, 
 
 Quem dederat praesens forma, manebat amor. 
 Ardet, et injusti stimulis agitatur amoris ; 
 
 Comparet indigno vimque dolumque toro. 7S0 
 
 Exitus in dubio est. Audebimus ultima, dixit ; 
 
 Viderit, audentes forsve deusve juvet ; 
 Cepimus audendo Gabios quoque. Talia fatus 
 
 Ense latus cinxit, tergaque pressit equi. 
 Accipit aerata juvenem Collatia porta, 785 
 
 Condere jam voltus sole parante sues. 
 Hostis, ut liospes, init penetralia Collatini : 
 
 Comiter excipitur ; sanguine junctus erat. 
 Quantum animis erroris inest ! parat inscia rerum 
 
 Infelix epulas liostibus ilia suis. 790 
 
 Functus erat dapibus : poscunt sua tempera somnum. 
 
 Nox erat, et tota lumina nulla dome. 
 Surgit, et auratum vagina deripit ensem, 
 
 Et venit in tlialamos, nupta pudica, tuos. 
 Utque torum pressit, Fermm, Lucretia, mecum est, 755 
 
 Matus, ait, regis, Tarquiniusque loquor. 
 Ilia nihil : neque enim vocem viresque loquendi, 
 
 Aut aliquid toto pectore mentis babet. 
 Sed tremit, ut quondam stabulis deprensa relictis 
 
 Parva sub infesto cum jacet agna lupo, sco 
 
 Quid faciat ? pugnet ? vincetur femina pugnans. 
 
 Clamet ? at in dextra, qui vetet, ensis adest. 
 Eifugiat ? positis urgentur pectora palmis ; 
 
 Tunc primum externa pectora tacta manu. 
 Instat amans hostis precibus, pretioque, minisque : 805 
 
 Nee prece, nee pretio, nee movet ille minis. 
 Nil agis ; eripiam, dixit, per crimina vitam ; 
 
 Falsus adulterii testis adulter ero. 
 
LIBER TI. 41 
 
 Interimam famulum, cum quo deprensa fereris. 
 
 Succubuit famae victa puella metu. 8io 
 
 Quid, victor, gaudes ? liaec te victoria perdet. 
 
 Heu quanto regnis nox stetit una tuis ! 
 Jamque erat orta dies : passis sedet ilia capillis, 
 
 Ut solet ad nati mater itura rogum ; 
 Grandaevumque patrem fido cum conjuge castris 8 1 5 
 
 Evocat : et posita venit uterque mora. 
 Utque vident hab-itum, quae luctus causa, requinmt. 
 
 Cui parct exequias, quove sit icta malo. 
 Ilia diu reticet, pudibundaque celat amictu 
 
 Ora ; fluunt lacrimae more peremiis aquae, 820 
 
 Hinc pater, liinc conjunx lacriraas solantur, et orant, 
 
 Indicet ; et caeco ilentque paventque metu. 
 Ter conata loqui, ter destitit, ausaque quarto 
 
 Non oculos adeo sustulit ilia suos. 
 Hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus ? eloquar, inquit, S25 
 
 Eloquar infelix dedecus ipsa meum ? 
 Quaeque potest narrat. Restabant ultima ; flevit, 
 
 Et matronales erubuere genae. 
 Dant veniam facto genitor conjunxque coactae. 
 
 Quam dixit, veniam vos datis, ipsa nego. S30 
 
 Nee mora ; celato figit sua pectora ferro, 
 
 Et cadit in patrios sanguinolenta pedes. 
 Tunc quoque jam moriens, ne non procumbat honest e, 
 
 Respicit, haec etiam cura cadentis erat. 
 Ecce super corpus communia damna gementes, 835 
 
 Obliti decoris, virque paterque jacent. 
 Brutus adest, tandemque animo sua nomina fallit, 
 
 Fixaque semanimi corpore tela rapit ; 
 Stillantemque tenens generoso sanguine cultrum, 
 
 Edidit impavidos ore minante sonos : sio 
 
 Per tibi ego hunc jure fortem castumque cruorem, 
 
 Perque tuos Manes, qui" niilii numen erunt, 
 Tarquinium profuga poenas cum stirpe daturum. 
 
 Jam satis est virtus dissimulata diu. 
 Ilia jacens ad verba oculos sine lumine movit, S4 5 
 
 Visaque concussa dicta probare coma. 
 Fertur in exequias animi matrona virilis, 
 
 Et secum lacrimas invidiamque traliit. 
 
42 FASTORUM 
 
 Vulnus inane patet. Brutus clamore Quirites 
 
 Concitat, et regis facta nefanda refert. 850 
 
 Tarquinius cum prole fugit ; capit annua Consul 
 Jura : dies regnis ilia suprema fuit. 
 
 Fallimur ? an veris praenuntia venit liirundo, 
 
 Et metuit, ne qua versa recurrat liiems ? 
 Saepe tamen, Procne, nimium properasse quereris, 855 
 
 Virque tuo Tereus frigore laetus erit. 
 
 III. KAL. 27th. 
 
 Jamque duae restant noctes de mense secundo, 
 
 Marsque citos junctis curribus urget equos. 
 Ex vero j)Ositum permansit Equiria nomen, 
 
 Quae deus in campo prospicit ipse suo. 860 
 
 Jure venis, Gradive ; locum tua tempera poscunt, 
 
 Signatusque tuo nomine mensis adest. 
 Venimus in portum libro cum mense peracto. 
 
 Naviget hinc alia jam milii linter aqua. 
 
 LIBER III. 
 
 Bellice, depositis clipeo pavillisper et liasta, 
 
 Mars, ades, et nitidas casside solve comas. 
 Forsitan ipse roges, quid sit cum Marte poetae. 
 
 A te, qui canitur, nomina mensis habet. 
 Ipse vides peragi manibus fera bella Minervae : 
 
 Num minus ingenuis artibus ilia vacat ? 
 Palladis exemplo ponendae tempora sume 
 
 Cuspidis ; invenies et quod inermis agas. 
 Tum quoque inermis eras, cum te Romana sacerdos 
 
 Oepit, ut huic urbi semina digna dares. 
 Silvia Vestalis — quid enim vetat inde moveri ? — 
 
 Sacra lavaturas mane petebat aquas. 
 Ventum erat ad molli declivem tramite ripam ; 
 
 Ponitur e summa fictilis urna coma. 
 Fessa resedit liumo, ventosque accepit aperto 
 
 Pectore, turbatas restituitque comas. 
 
LIBER III. 4o 
 
 Dum seclet, umbrosae salices volucresque canorae 
 
 Fecerunt somnos, et leve murmur aquae. 
 Blanda quies victis furtim subrepit ocellis, 
 
 Et cadit a mento languida facta manus. 20 
 
 Mars videt banc, visamque cupit, potiturque cupita, 
 
 Et sua divina furta fefellit ope. 
 Somnus abit ; jacet ilia gravis ; nam scilicet intra 
 
 Viscera, Romanae conditor urbis, eras. 
 Languida consurgit, nee scit, cur languida surgat, 25 
 
 Et peragit tales arbore nixa sonos : 
 Utile sit faustumque, precor, quod imagine somni 
 
 Vidimus ! An somno clarius illud erat ? 
 Ignibus Iliacis aderam, cum lapsa capillis 
 
 Decidit ante sacros lanea vitta focos. 30 
 
 Inde duae pariter — visu mirabile — palmae 
 
 Surgunt. Ex illis altera major erat, 
 Et gravibus ramis totum protexerat orbem, 
 
 Contigeratque sua sidera summa coma. 
 Ecce mens ferrum patruus molitur in illas ! 35 
 
 Terreor admonitu, corque timore micat. 
 Martia picus avis gemino pro stipite pugnant 
 
 Et lupa. Tuta per bos utraque palma fuit. 
 Dixerat : et plenam non firmis viribus urnam 
 
 Sustulit. — Implerat, dum sua visa refert. — 40 
 
 Interea crescente Remo, crescente Quirino, 
 
 Caelesti tumidus pondere venter erat. 
 Quo minus emeritis exiret cursibus annus, 
 
 Restabant nitido jam duo signa deo : 
 Silvia fit mater. Vestae simulacra feruntur 45 
 
 Virgineas oculis opposuisse manus. 
 Ai'a deae certe tremuit, pariente ministra, 
 
 Et subiit cineres territa flamma sues. 
 Haec ubi cognovit contemptor Amulius aequi, 
 
 — Nam raptas fratri victor liabebat opes — 50 
 
 Amne jubet mergi geminos. Scelus unda refugit : 
 
 In sicca pueri destituuntur bumo. 
 Lacte quis infantes nescit crevisse ferine, 
 
 Et picum expositis saepe tulisse cibos ? 
 Non ego te, tantae nutrix Larentia gentis, 55 
 
 Nee taceani vestras, Faustule pauper, opes. 
 
44 FASTORUM 
 
 Vester lionos veniet, cum Larentalia clicam : 
 
 Acceptiis Greniis ilia December liabet. 
 Martia ter senos proles adoleverat annos, 
 
 Et suberat flavae jam nova barba comae : 60 
 
 Omnibus agricolis armentorumque magistris 
 
 Iliadae fratres jura petita clabant. 
 Saepe domum veniunt praedonum sanguine laeti, 
 
 Et redigunt actos in sua jura boves. 
 Ut genus audierunt, animos pater editus auget, 6f) 
 
 Et pudet in paucis nomen habere casis : 
 Romuleoque cadit trajectus Amulius ense, 
 
 Regnaque longaevo restituuntur avo. 
 Moenia conduntur, quae, quamvis parva fuerunt, 
 
 Non tamen expediit transiluisse Remo. 70 
 
 Jam, modo qua fuerant silvae pecorumque recessus, 
 
 Urbs erat, aetemae cum pater urbis ait : 
 Arbiter armonmi, de cujus sanguine natus 
 
 Credor, et ut credar, pignora multa dabo, 
 A te principium Romano ducimus anno : 75 
 
 Primus de patrio nomine mensis erit. 
 Vox rata fit, patrioque vocat de nomine mensem. 
 
 Dicitur haec pietas grata fuisse deo. 
 Et tamen ante omnes Martem coluere priores ; 
 
 Hoc dederat studiis bellica turba suis. so 
 
 Pallada Cecropidae, Minoia Greta Dianam, 
 
 Vulcanum tellus Hypsipylea colit, 
 Junonem Sparte Pelopeiadesque Mycenae, 
 
 Pinigerum Fauni Maenalis ora caput. 
 Mars Latio venerandus erat, quia praesidet armis : 85 
 
 Arma ferae genti rem que decusque dabant. 
 Quod si forte vacas, peregrines inspice fastos : 
 
 Mensis in his etiam nomine Martis erit. 
 Tertius Albanis, quintus fuit ille Faliscis, 
 
 Sextus apud populos, Hernica terra, tuos. 90 
 
 Inter Aricinos Albanaque tempera constant 
 
 Factaque Telegoni moenia celsa manu. 
 Quintuiii Laurentes, bis quintum ^quicolus asper, 
 
 A tribus hunc primum turba Curensis habet. 
 Et tibi cum proavis, miles Peligne, Sabinis 95 
 
 Convenit : hie genti quartus utrique deus. 
 
Romulus, lios omnes ut vinceret ordine saltern, 
 
 Sang'uinis auctori tempora j)rima dedit. 
 Nee totidem veteres, quot nunc, habuere kalendas ; 
 
 Ille minor geminis mensibus annus erat. lOO 
 
 Nondum tradiderat victas victoribus artes 
 
 Grraecia, facundum sed male forte genus. 
 Qui bene pugnabat, Roraanam noverat artem ; 
 
 Mittere qui poterat pila, disertus erat. 
 Quis tunc aut Hyadas, aut Pleiadas Atlanteas 105 
 
 Senserat, aut geminos esse sub axe polos ? 
 Esse duas Arctos, quarum Cynosura petatur 
 
 Sidoniis, Helicen Graia carina notet ? 
 Signaque, quae longo frater percenseat anno. 
 
 Ire per haec uno mense sororis equos ? no 
 
 Libera currebant et inobservata per annum 
 
 Sidera ; constabat sed tamen esse deos. 
 Non illi caelo labentia signa tenebant, 
 
 Sed sua, quae magnum perdere crimen erat. 
 Ilia quidem foeno ; sed erat reverentia foeno, 1 1 5 
 
 Quantam nunc aquilas cernis habere tuas. 
 Fertica suspenses portabat longa maniples : 
 
 Unde maniplaris nomina miles liabet. 
 Ergo animi indociles et adliuc ratione carentes 
 
 Mensibus egerunt lustra minora decem. 1 20 
 
 Annus erat, decimum cum luna receperat orbem : 
 
 Hie numerus magno tunc in honore fuit. 
 Seu quia tot digiti, per quos numerare solemus ; 
 
 Seu quia bis quino femina mense parit ; 
 Seu quod adusque decem numero crescente venitur ; 125 
 
 Principium spatiis sumitur inde novis. 
 Inde Patres centum denos secrevit in orbes 
 
 Romulos, Hastatos instituitque decem, 
 Et totidem Princeps, totidem Pilanus habebat 
 
 Corpora, legitime quique merebat equo. 130 
 
 Quin etiaia partes totidem Titiensibus idem, 
 
 Quosqve vocant Ramnes, Luceribusque dedit. 
 Assuetos igitur numeros servavit in anno. 
 
 Hoc luget spatio femina maesta virum, 
 Neu dubites, primae fuerint quin ante kalendae 135 
 
 Martis, ad haec animum signa referre potes. 
 
46 FASTOEUM 
 
 Laurea Flaminibus, quae toto perstitit anno, 
 
 Tollitur, et froncles sunt in honore novae ; 
 Janua tunc Regis posita viret arbore Phoebi ; 
 
 Ante tuas fit idem, Curia Prisca, fores ; 140 
 
 Vesta quoque ut folio niteat velata recenti, 
 
 Cedit ab Iliacis laurea cana focis. 
 Adde, quod arcana fieri novus ignis in aede 
 
 Dicitur, et vires flamma refecta capit. 
 Nee mihi parva fides, annos liinc isse priores, 145 
 
 Anna quod hoc coepta est mense Perenna coli. 
 Hinc etiam veteres initi memorantur honores 
 
 Ad spatium belli, perfide Poene, tui. 
 Denique quintus ab hoc fuerat Quintilis, et inde 
 
 Incipit a numero nomina quisquis liabet. 150 
 
 Primus oliviferis Romam deductus ab arvis 
 
 Pompilius menses sensit abesse duos : 
 Sive lioc a Samio doctus, qui posse renasci 
 
 Nos putat, Egeria sive monente sua. 
 Sed tamen errabant etiam tunc tempera, donee J 55 
 
 Caesaris in multis baec quoque cura fuit. 
 Non haec ille deus, tantaeque propaginis auetor, 
 
 Credidit officiis esse minora suis ; 
 Promissumque sibi voluit praenoscere caelum. 
 
 Nee deus ignotas hospes inire domes. lOu 
 
 Ille moras solis, quibus in sua signa rediret, 
 
 Traditur exactis disposuisse notis. 
 Is decies senos tercentum et quinque diebus 
 
 Junxit, et e pleno tempora quarta die. 
 Hie anni modus est. In lustrum accedere debet, 165 
 
 Quae consummatur partibus, una dies. 
 
 KAL. MART. Isr. 
 
 Si licet occultos monitus audire deorum 
 
 Vatibus, ut certe fama licere putat, 
 Cum sis officiis, Gradive, virilibus aptus, 
 
 Die mihi, matronae cur tua festa colant. 170 
 
 Sic ego. Sic posita dixit mihi casside Mavors ; 
 
 Sed tamen in dextra missilis hasta fuit : 
 Nunc primum studiis pacis deus utilis armis 
 
 Advocor, et gressus in nova castra fero. 
 
LIBER III. 47 
 
 Nee plg-et Incoepti ; juvat liac quoqiie parte morari, ]75 
 
 Hoc solam ne se posse Minerva putet. 
 Disce, Latinorum vates operose dierum, 
 
 Quod petis, et memori pectore dicta nota. 
 Parva fait, si prima velis elementa referre, 
 
 Roma : sed in parva spes tamen Imjus erat. 180 
 
 Moenia jam stabant, populis angaista futuris, 
 
 Credita sed turbae tunc nimis ampla suae. 
 Quae fuerit nostri, si quaeris, regia nati, 
 
 Aspice de canna straminibusque domum. 
 In stipula placidi carpebat munera somni, 185 
 
 Et tamen ex illo venit in astra toro. 
 ■Jamque loco majus nomen Romanus habebat, 
 
 Nee conjunx illi, nee socer ullus erat. 
 Spernebant generos inopes vicinia dives, 
 
 Et male credebar sanguinis auctor ego. 190 
 
 In stabulis habitasse, et oves pavisse, nocebat, 
 
 Jugeraque inculti pauca tenere soli. 
 Cum pare quaeque sue coeunt volucresque feraeque, 
 
 Atque aliquam, de qua procreet, anguis liabet. 
 Extremis dantur connubia gentibus ; at, quae 195 
 
 Romano vellet nubere, nulla fuit. 
 Indolui, patriamque dedi tibi, Romule, mentem. 
 
 Tolle preces, dixi : quod petis, arma dabunt. 
 Festa para Conso. Consus tibi cetera dicet 
 
 Illo facta die, cum sua sacra canes. 200 
 
 Intumuere Cures, et quos dolor attigit idem, 
 
 Tum prirnum generis intulit arma socer. 
 Jamque fere raptae matrum quoque nomen liabebant, 
 
 Tractaquc erant longa bella propinqua mora, 
 Conveniunt nuptae dictam Junonis in aedem, 205 
 
 Quas inter mea sic est nurus orsa loqui : 
 pariter raptae. quoniam hoc commune ten emus 
 
 Non ultra lente possumus esse piae. 
 Stant acies : sed utra di sint pro parte rogandi, 
 
 Eligite ; liinc conjunx, bine pater arma tenet ; 210 
 Quaerenduni est, viduae fieri malimus an orbae. 
 
 Consilium vobis forte piumque dabo. 
 Consilium dederat : parent, crinemque resolvunt, 
 
 Maestaque funerea corpora veste tegunt. 
 
48 FASTOEUM 
 
 Jam steterant acies ferro mortique paratae ; 215 
 
 Jam litims pugnae signa daturus erat ; 
 Cum raptae veniunt inter patresque virosque, 
 
 Inque sinu natos, pignora cara ferunt. 
 Ut medium cam pi scissis tetigere capillis, 
 
 In terram posito procubuere genu ; 220 
 
 Et, quasi sentirent, Llando claraore nepotes 
 
 Tendebant ad avos bracbia parva suos. 
 Qui poterat, clamabat avum tum denique visum ; 
 
 Et qui vix poterat, posse coactus erat. 
 Tela viris animique cadunt, gladiisque remotis 225 
 
 Dant soceri generis accipiuntque manus ; 
 Laudatasque tenent natas, scutoque nepotem 
 
 Fert avus : bic scuti dulcior usus erat. 
 Inde diem, quae prima, meas celebrare kalendas 
 
 Oebalides matres non leve munus babent. 230 
 
 Aut quia committi strictis muc-ronibus ansae 
 
 Finierant lacrimis Martia bella suis ? 
 Vel, quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater, 
 
 Rite colunt matres sacra diemque meum ? 
 Quid ? quod biems adoperta gelu tunc denique cedit, 
 
 Et pereunt lapsae sole tepente nives ; 
 Arboribus redeunt detonsae frigore frondes, 
 
 Uvidaque e tenero palmite gemma tumet ; 
 Quaeque diu latuit, nunc se qua tollat in auras 
 
 Fercilis occultas invenit berba vias. 24O 
 
 Nunc fecundus ager ; pecoris nunc bora creandi ; 
 
 Nunc avis in ramo tecta laremque parat. 
 Tempera jure colunt Latiae fecunda parentes, 
 
 Quarum militiam votaque partus babet. 
 Adde, cj:Uod, excubias ubi rex Romanus agebat, 245 
 
 Qui nunc Esquilias nomina collis babet, 
 Illic a nuribus Junoni templa Latinis 
 
 Hac sunt, si memini, publica facta die. 
 Quid moror, et variis onero tua pectora causis ? 
 
 Eminet ante oculos, quod petis, ecce tuos. 250 
 
 Mater amat nuptas ; matrum me turba frequentant. 
 
 Haec nos praecipue tam pia causa decet. 
 Ferte deae flores ; gaudet florentibus berbis 
 
 Haec dea : de tenero cingite iiore caput. 
 
LIBER III. 40 
 
 Dicite, Tu lucem nobis, Liicina, declisti ; 253 
 
 Dicite, Tu voto parturientis ades. 
 Si qua tamen gravida est, resoluto crine precetur, 
 
 IJt solvat partus molliter ilia suos. 
 
 Quis mihi nunc dicet, quare caelestia Martis 
 
 Arma ferant Salii, Mamuriumque canant ? 2C0 
 
 Nyinplia, mone, nemori stagnoque operata Dianae : 
 
 Nynipha, Numae conjunx, ad tua facta veni. 
 Vallis Aricinae silva praecinctus opaca 
 
 Est lacus antiqua relligione sacer. 
 Hie latet Hippolytus furiis direptus equorum ; 265 
 
 Unde nenius nullis illud aditur equis. 
 Licia dependent longas velantia sepes, 
 
 Et posita est meritae multa tabella deae. 
 Saepe potens voti, frontem redimita coronis, 
 
 Femina lucentes portat ab urbe faces. 270 
 
 Regna tenent fortesque manu, pedibusque fugaces ; 
 
 Et perit exemplo postmodo quisque suo. 
 Defluit incerto lapidosus murmure rivus : 
 
 Saepe, sed exiguis haustibus, inde bibi. 
 Egeria est, quae praebet aquas, dea grata Caraenis. 275 
 
 Ilia Numae conjunx consiliumque fuit. 
 Principio nimium promptos ad bella Quirites 
 
 Molliri placuit jure deumque metu. 
 Inde datae leges, ne firmior omnia posset, 
 
 Coeptaque sunt pure tradita sacra coli. 280 
 
 Exuitur feritas, armisque potentius aequum est, 
 
 Et cum cive pudet conseruisse manus. 
 Atque aliquis, modo trux, visa jam vertitur ara, 
 
 Vinaque dat tepidis salsaque farra focis. 
 Ecce deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas 285 
 
 Spargit, et effusis aethera siccat aquis. 
 Non alias missi cecidere frequentius ignes. 
 
 Rex pavet, et vulgi pectora terror habet. 
 Cui dea, Ne nimium terrere ! piabile fulmen 
 
 Est, ait, et saevi flectitur ira Jo vis. , 290 
 
 Sed poterunt ritum Picus Faunusque piandi 
 
 Prodere, Romani numen uterque soli. 
 
50 FASTORUM 
 
 Nec sine vi tradent ; adliibe tu vincula captis. 
 
 Atqiie ita qua possint edidit arte capi. 
 Lucus Aventino suberat niger ilicis umbra, 293 
 
 Quo posses viso dicere, numen in est. 
 In medio gramen, muscoque adoperta virenti 
 
 Manabat saxo vena perennis aquae. 
 Inde fere soli Faunus Picusque bibebant. 
 
 Hue venit, et fonti rex Numa mactat ovem, 300 
 
 Plenaque odorati disponit pocula Bacchi, 
 
 Cmnque suis antro conditus ipse latet. 
 Ad solitos veniunt silvestria numina fontes, 
 
 Et relevant multo pectora sicca mero. 
 Yina quies sequitvir ; gelido Numa prodit ab antro, 305 
 
 Yinclaque sopitas addit in arta manus. 
 Soranus ut abscessit, tentando vincula pugnant 
 
 Piumpere ; pugnantes fortius ilia tenent. 
 Tunc Numa Di nemorum, factis ignoscite nostvis. 
 
 Si scelus ingenio scitis abesse meo ; a 10 
 
 Quoque modo possit fulmen, monstrate, piari. 
 
 Sic Numa. Sic quatiens coraua Faunus ait : 
 Magna petis, nec quae monitu tibi discere nostro 
 
 Fas sit. Habent fines numina nostra sues. 
 Di sumus agrestes, et qui dominemur in altis 315 
 
 Montibus. Arbitrium est in sua tecta Jovi. 
 Hunc tu non poteris per te deducere caelo ; 
 
 At poteris nostra forsitan usus ope. 
 Dixerat liaec Faunus : par est sententia Pici. 
 
 Deme tamen nobis vincula, Picus ait. 320 
 
 Juppiter buc veniet valida deductus ab arte. 
 
 Nubila promissi Styx milii testis erit. 
 Emissi quid agant laqueis, quae carraina dicant, 
 
 Quaque trahant superis sedibus arte Jovem, 
 Scire nefas liomini. Nobis coricessa canentur, 325 
 
 Quaeque pio dici vatis ab ore licet. 
 Eliciunt caelo te, Juppiter ; undo minores 
 
 Nunc quoque te celebrant, Eliciumque vocant. 
 Constat Aventinae tremuisse cacumina silvae, 
 
 Terraque subsedit pondere pressa Jovis. 330 
 
 Corda micant regis, totoque e coriDore sanguis 
 
 Fugit, et hirsutae diriguere comae. 
 
LIBER III. 51 
 
 Ut rediit animus, DcX certa plamina, dixit, 
 
 Fulminis, altorum rexque paterque deum ; 
 Si tua contigimus manibus donaria puris, 335 
 
 Hoc qiioqiie, quod petitur, si pia lingua rogat. 
 Annuit orau ti : sed verum ambage remota 
 
 Abdidit, et dubio terruit ore ^drum. 
 Caede caput dixit. Cui rex, Parebimus, inquit : 
 
 Caedenda est bortis einita cepa meis. 340 
 
 Acldidit liic, Hominis. Sumes, ait ille, capilhs. 
 
 Postulat bic animatn. Cui Numa, Piscis, ait. 
 Risit, et, His, inquit, facito mea tela procures, 
 
 vir colloquio non abigende deum ! 
 Sed tibi, protulerit cum totum crastinus orbem 345 
 
 Cyntbius, imperii pignora certa dabo. 
 Dixit, et ingenti tonitru super aetbera motuni 
 
 Fertur, adorantem destituitque Numam. 
 Ille redit laetus, memoratque Quiritibus acta. 
 
 Tarda venit dictis difficilisque fides. 350 
 
 At certe credemur, ait, si verba sequatur 
 
 Exitus. En, audi crastina, quisquis ades. 
 Protulerit terris cum totum Cyntbius orbem, 
 
 Juppiter imperii pignora certa dabit. 
 Discedunt dubii, promissaque tarda videntur, 355 
 
 Dependetque fides a veniente die. 
 Mollis erat tellus rorataque mane pruina ; 
 
 Ante sui populus limina regis adest. 
 Prodit et in solio medius consedit acerno ; 
 
 Innumeri circa stantque silentque viri. 3G0 
 
 Ortus erat summo tantummodo margine Pboebus ; 
 
 Sollicitae mentes speque metuque pavent. 
 Constitit, atque caput niveo velatus amictu 
 
 Jam bene dis notas sustulit ille manus. 
 Atque ita, Tempus adest promissi muneris, inquit, 365 
 
 Pollicitam dictis, Juppiter, adde fidem. 
 Dum loquitur, totum jam sol emoverat orbem, 
 
 Et gravis aetlierio venit ab axe fragor. 
 Ter tonuit sine nube deus, tria fulgura misit. 
 
 Credite dicenti ; mira, sed acta, loquor. 370 
 
 A media caelum regione debiscere coepit ; 
 
 Submisere oculos cum duce turba suo. 
 D 2 
 
Ecce levi scutum versatum leniter aura 
 
 Decidit. A populo clamor ad astra venit. 
 Tollit humo munus caesa prius ille juvenca, 375 
 
 Quae dederat nulli colla premenda jugo ; 
 At que ancile vocat, quod ab omni parte recisum est, 
 
 Quaque notes oculis angulus omnis abest. 
 Tum, memor imperii sortem consistere in illo, 
 
 Consilium multae calliditatis init. 3S0 
 
 Plurajubet fieri simili caelata figura, 
 
 Error ut ante oculos insidiantes eat. 
 Mamurius, morum fabraene exactior artis 
 
 Difficile est ulli dicere, clausit opus. 
 Cui Nuraa munificus, Facti pete praemia, dixit : 3S5 
 
 Si mea nota fides, irrita nulla petes. 
 Jam dederat Saliis a saltu nomina dicta 
 
 Armaque, et ad certos verba canenda modes. 
 Turn sic Mamurius, Merces mihi gloria detur, 
 - Nominaque extreme carmine nostra sonent. 390 
 
 Inde sacerdotes operi promissa vetusto 
 
 Praemia persolvunt, Mamuriumque vocant. 
 
 Nubere si qua voles, quamvis properabitis ambo, 
 
 Differ ; habent parvae commoda magna morae. 
 Arma movent pugnam, pugna est aliena maritis. 395 
 
 Condita cum fuerint, aptius omen erit. 
 His etiam conjunx apicati cincta Dialis 
 
 Lucibus impexas debet habere comas. 
 
 V. NGN. 8rd. 
 
 Tertia nox demersa sues ubi moverit ignes, 
 
 Conditus e geminis Piscibus alter erit. 400 
 
 Nam duo sunt : Austris liic est, Aquilonibus ille 
 
 Proximus ; a vento nomen uterque tenet. 
 III. NOK 5 th. 
 
 Cum croceis rorare gen is Tithonia conjunx 
 
 Coeperit, et quintae tempera lucis aget ; 
 Sive est Arctophylax, sive est piger ille Bootes, 405 
 
 Mergetur, visus efFugietque tuos. 
 At non effugiet Vindemitor. Hoc quoque causam 
 
 Unde traliat sidus, parva docere mora est. 
 
LIBER III. 53 
 
 Ampelon intonsum satyro nymphaque creatum 
 
 Fertur in Ismariis Bacchus araasse jugis. 410 
 
 Tradidit liuic vitem pendentem frondibus ulmi, 
 
 Quae nunc de pueri nomine nomen liabet. 
 Dum legit in ramo pictas temerarius uvas, 
 
 Decidit : amissum Liber in astra veliit. 
 
 PR. NON. 6th. 
 
 Sextus ubi Oceano clivosum scandit Olympum 415 
 
 Phoebus, et alatis aethera carpit equis ; 
 Quisquis ades, castaeque cohs penetraha Vestae, 
 
 Gratare Iliacis thuraque pone focis. 
 Caesaris innumeris, quos maluit ille mereri, 
 
 Accessit tituhs pontificalis honos. 420 
 
 Ignibus aeternis aeterni numina praesunt 
 
 Caesaris. Imperii pignora juncta vides. 
 Di veteres Troiae, dignissima praeda ferenti, 
 
 Qua gravis Aeneas tutus ab hoste fuit ; 
 Ortus ab Aenea tangit cognata sacerdos 425 
 
 Numina ; cognatum, Vesta, tuere caput. 
 Quos sancta fovet ille manu, bene vivitis ignes. 
 
 Vivite inexstincti, flammaque, dux que ! precor. 
 NON. 7th. 
 
 Una nota est Marti Nonis, sacrata quod illis 
 
 Templa putant lucos Vedjovis ante duos. 430 
 
 Romulus ut saxo lucum circumdedit alto, 
 
 Quilibet hue, inquit, confuge, tutus eris. 
 quam de tenui Romanus origine crevit ! 
 
 Turba vetus quam non invidiosa fuit ! 
 Ne tamen ignaro novitas tibi nominis obstet, 435 
 
 Disce, quis iste deus, curve vocetur ita. 
 Juppiter est juvenis ; juvenales aspice voltus. 
 
 Aspice deinde, manu fulmina nulla tenet. 
 Fulmina post ausos caelum aiFectare Gigantas 
 
 Sumpta Jovi : prime tempore inermis erat. 440 
 
 ignibus Ossa novis, et Pelion altior Ossa 
 
 Arsit, et in solida tixus Olympus humo. 
 Stat quoque capra simul ; Nymphae pavisse feruntur 
 
 Cretides : infanti lac dedit Jovi. 
 Nunc vocor ad nomen. Vegrandia farra colonae, 445 
 
 Quae male creverunt, vescaque parva vocant. 
 d3 
 
54 FASTOEUM 
 
 Vis ea si verbi est, cur non ego Vedjovis aedem, 
 Aedem non magni suspicer esse Jovis ? 
 
 Jamque, ubi caeinileum variabunt sidera caelum, 
 
 Suspice ; Gorgonei colla videbis equi. 450 
 
 Creditur hie caesae gravida cervice Medusae 
 
 Sanguine respersis prosiluisse jubis. 
 Huic supra nubes et subter sidera lapso 
 
 Caelum pro terra, pro pede penna fuit. 
 Jamque indignanti nova frena receperat ore, 455 
 
 Cum levis Aonias ungula fodit aquas. 
 Nunc fmitur caelo, quod pennis ante petebat, 
 
 Et nitidus stellis quinque decemque micat, 
 VIII. ID. 8th. 
 
 Protinus adspicies venienti nocte Coronam 
 
 Gnosida : Theseo crimine facta dea est. 4Co 
 
 Jam bene perjure mutarat conjuge Bacchum, 
 
 Quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro. 
 Sorte tori gaudens. Quid flebam rustica ? dixit, 
 
 Utiliter nobis perfidus ille fuit. 
 Interea Liber depexis crinibus Indos 465 
 
 Vincit; et Eoo dives ab orbe redit. 
 Inter captivas facie praestante puellas 
 
 Grata nimis Bacclio filia regis erat. 
 Flebat amans conjunx, spatiataque litore curvo 
 
 Edidit incultis talia verba comis : 470 
 
 En iterum, fluctus, similes audite querelas ! 
 
 En iterum lacrimas accipe, arena, meas ! 
 Dicebam, memini, perjure et perfide Tlieseu! 
 
 Ille abiit : eadem crimina Bacclius liabet. 
 Nunc quoque, nulla viro, clamabo, femina credat, 475 
 
 Nomine mutate causa relata mea est. 
 utinam mea sors, qua primum coeperat, isset ! 
 
 Jamque ego praesenti tempore nulla forem ! 
 Quid me desertis perituram. Liber, arenis 
 
 Servabas ? potui dedoluisse semel. 480 
 
 Bacclie levis, leviorque tuis, quae tempera cingunt, 
 
 Frondibus, in lacrimas cognite Bacclie meas, 
 Ausus es ante oculos adducta pellice nostros 
 
 Tam bene compositum sollicitare torum ? 
 
Heu ! ubi pacta fides ? ubi, quae jurare solebas ? 483 
 
 Me miseram ! quotiens liaec ego verba loquor ? 
 Thesea culpabas, fallacemque ipse vocabas : 
 
 Judicio peccas turpius ipse tiio. 
 Ne sciat hoc quisquam, tacitisque dolovibus urar ! 
 
 Ne toties falli digna fuisse puter ! 49O' 
 
 Praecipue cupiam celari Thesea, ne te 
 
 Consortem culpae gaudeat esse suae. 
 At, puto, praeposita est fuscae mibi Candida pellex. 
 
 Eveniat nostris bostibus ille color ! 
 Quid tamen hoc refert ? vitio tibi gratior ipso est. 495 
 
 Quid facis ? amplexus inquinat ilia tuos. 
 Bacche, fidem praesta, nee praefer amoribus ullani 
 
 Conjugis ; assuevi semper amare virum. 
 Cepenuit matrem formosi cornua tauri ; 
 
 Me tua : at hie laudi est, ille pudendus amor. 50u 
 
 Ne noceat quod amo ! neque enim tibi, Bacche, nocebat, 
 
 Quod flammas nobis fassus es ipse tuas ; 
 Nee, quod nos uris, mirum facis ; ortus in igne 
 
 Diceris, et patria raptus ab igne manu. 
 Ilia ego sum, cui tu solitus promittere caelum 505 
 
 Hei mihi, ])ro caelo qualia dona fero ! 
 Dixerat : audibat jamdudum verba querentis 
 - Liber, ut a tergo forte secutus erat. 
 Occupat amplexu, lacrimasque per oscula siecat : 
 
 Et, Pariter caeli summa petamus, ait. 5iu 
 
 Tu mihi juncta tore mihi juncta vocabula sumes ; 
 
 Jam tibi mutatae Libera nomen erit : 
 Sintque tuae tecum faciam monumenta coronae, 
 
 Vulcanus Veneri quam dedit, ilia tibi^. 
 Dicta facit, gemmasque novos transformat in ignes. 5 1 5 
 
 Aurea per stellas nunc micat ilia novem. 
 
 PR. ID. 14th. 
 
 Sex ubi sustulerit, totidem demiserit orbes, 
 
 Purpureum rapido qui vehit axe diem ; 
 Altera gramineo spectabis Equiria campo, 
 
 Quem Tiberis curvis in latus urget aquis. 32() 
 
 Qui tamen ejecta si forte tenebitur unda, 
 
 Caelius accipiat pulverulentus equos. 
 D 4 
 
56 FASTOEUM 
 
 IDUS. 15th. 
 
 Idibus est Annae festum geniale Perennae, 
 
 Haud procul a ripis, advena Tibri, tuis. 
 Plebs venit, ac virides passim disjecta per lierbas 525 
 
 Potat, et accurabit cum pare quisque sua. 
 Sub Jove pars durat ; pauci tentoria ponunt ; 
 
 Sunt, quibus e rarais frondea facta casa est ; 
 Pars, ubi pro rigidis calamos statuere columnis, 
 
 Desuper extentas imposuere togas. 530 
 
 vSole tamen vinoque calent, annosque precantur, 
 
 Quot sumant cyathos, ad numerumque bibunt. 
 Invenies illic, qui Nestoris ebibat annos ; 
 
 Quae sit per calicos facta Sibylla suos. 
 Illic et cantant, quicquid didicere theatris, 535 
 
 Et jactant faciles ad sua verba manus ; 
 Et ducunt posito duras cratere clioreas, 
 
 Cultaque diffusis saltat amica comis. 
 Cum redeunt, titubant, et sunt spectacula vulgo, 
 
 Et fortunatos obvia turba vocat. 540 
 
 Occurri nuper .... Visa est mihi digna relatu 
 
 Pompa : senem potum pota trahebat anus. — 
 Quae tamen haec Dea sit, quoniam rumoribus errant, 
 
 Fabula proposito nulla tacenda meo. 
 Arserat Aeneae Dido miserabilis igiie ; 545 
 
 Arserat exstructis in sua fata regis ; 
 Compositusque cinis, tumulique in marmore carmen 
 
 Hoc breve, quod morions ipsa reliquit, erat : 
 Praebuit Aeneas et causam mortis et ensem : 
 
 Ipsa sua Dido concidit usa manu. 550 
 
 Protinus invadunt Numidae sine vindice regnum, 
 
 Et potitur capta Maurus larba dome ; 
 Seque memor spretum, Tlialamis tamen, inquit, Elissae 
 
 En ego, quem totiens reppulit ilia, fruor ! 
 Diifugiunt Tyrii, quo quemque agit error, ut olim 555 
 
 Amisso dubiae rege vagantur apes. 
 Tertia nudandas acceperat area messes, 
 
 Inque cavos ierant tertia musta lacus ; 
 Pellitur Anna dome, lacrimansque sororia linquit 
 
 Moenia ; germanae justa dat ante suae. 56o 
 
LIBER III. 57 
 
 Mixta bibunt molles lacrimis unguenta favillae, 
 
 Vertice libatas accipiuntque comas ; 
 Terque, Vale, dixit ; cineres ter ad ora relates 
 
 Pressit, et est illis visa subesse soror. ' 
 Nacta ratem comitesque fugae pede labitiir aequo, 665 
 
 Moenia respiciens, dulce sororis opus. 
 Fertilis est Melite sterili vicina Cosyrae 
 
 Insula, quam Libyci verberat unda freti. 
 Hanc petit hospitio regis confisa vetusto ; 
 
 Hospes opum dives rex ibi Battus erat. 570 
 
 Qui postquam didicit casus utriusque sororis, 
 
 Haec, inquit, tellus quantulacumque tua est. 
 Et tamen liospitii servasset ad ultima munus, 
 
 Sed timuit magnas Pygmalionis opes. 
 Signa recensuerat bis sol sua ; tertius ibat 575 
 
 Annus, et exilio terra petenda novo est. 
 Frater adest belloque petit, rex arma perosus, 
 
 Nos sumus imbelles, tu fuge sospes, ait. 
 Jussa fugit, ventoque ratem committit et undis. 
 
 Asperior quovis aequore frater erat. 580 
 
 Est prope piscosos lapidosi Cratliidis amnes 
 
 Parvus ager : Cameren incola turba vocat. 
 Illuc cursus erat ; nee longius abfuit inde, 
 
 Quam quantum novies mittere funda potest. 
 Vela cadunt prime, et dubia librantur ab aura. 585 
 
 Findite remigio, navita, dixit, aquas. 
 Dumque parant torto subducere carbasa lino, 
 
 Percutitur rapido puppis adunca Note, 
 Inque patens aequor, frustra pugnante magistro. 
 
 Fertur, et ex oculis visa refugit humus. 590 
 
 Asslliunt fluctus, imoque a gurgite pontus 
 
 Vertitur, et canas alveus liaurit aquas. 
 Vincitur ars vento nee jam moderator liabenis 
 
 Utitur, at votis vix quoque poscit opem. 
 Jactatur tumidas exul Plioenissa per undas, 595 
 
 Humidaque opposita lumina veste tegit. 
 Tum primum Dido felix est dicta sorori, 
 
 Et quaecumque aliquam corpore pressit liumum. 
 Figitur ad Laurens ingenti flamine litus 
 
 Puppis, et expositis omnibus liausta perit. Goo 
 
 D 5 
 
Jam plus ^neas regno nataque Latini 
 
 Auctiis erat, populos miscueratque duos. 
 Litore dotali solo comitatus Acliate 
 
 Secretum nudo dum pede carpit iter, 
 Aspicit errantem, nee credere sustinet Annam 605 
 
 Esse. Quid in Latios ilia veniret agros ? 
 Dum secum Aeneas, Anna est ! exclamat Achates. 
 
 Ad nomen vultus sustulit ilia sues. 
 Quo fugiat ? quid agat ? quos terrae quaerat hiatus ? 
 
 Ante oculos miserae fata sororis erant. 6io 
 
 Sensit et alloquitur trepidam Cjthereius lieros : 
 
 Flet tamen admonitu motus, Elissa, tuae. 
 Anna, per hanc jure, quam quondam audire solehas 
 
 Tellurem fato prosperiore dari ; 
 Perque deos comites, hac nuper sede locates, 6i5 
 
 Saepe meas illos increpuisse moras. 
 Nee timui de morte tamen : metus abfuit iste. 
 
 Hei mihi ! credibili fortior ilia fuit. 
 Ne refer. Aspexi non illo pectore digna 
 
 Vulnera, Tartareas ausus adire domes. 620 
 
 At tu, seu ratio te nostris appulit oris, 
 
 Sive deus, regni commoda carpe mei. 
 Multa tibi memores, nil non debemus Elissae. 
 
 Nomine grata tuo, grata sororis, oris. 
 Talia dicenti, neque enim spes altera restat, 625 
 
 Credidit, errores exposuitque sues. 
 Utque domum intravit Tyrios induta paratus, 
 
 Incipit Aeneas : — cetera turba silet. — 
 Hanc tibi cur tradam, pia causa, Lavinia conjunx, 
 
 Est mihi : consumpsi naufragus hujus opes. 630 
 
 Orta Tyro est regnum Libyca possedit in ora: 
 
 Quam precor ut carae more sororis ames. 
 Omnia promittit, falsumque Lavinia vulnus 
 
 Mente premit tacita, dissimulatque fremens ; 
 Donaque cum videat praeter sua lumina ferri 635 
 
 Multa palam, mitti clam quoque multa putat. 
 Non habet exactum, quid agat. Furialiter edit, 
 
 Et parat insidias, et cupit ulta mori. 
 Nox erat : ante torum visa est adstare sororis 
 
 Squalenti Dido sanguinolenta coma, 640 
 
LIBER III. 5.9 
 
 Et, Fuge, ne dubita, maestum fuge, dicere, tectum, 
 
 Sub verbum querulas impulit aura fores. 
 Exilit, et velox liumili super arva fenestra 
 
 Se jacit, audacem fecerat ipse timer. 
 Quaque metu rapitur tunica velata recincta, 645 
 
 Currit, ut auditis territa dama lupis. 
 Corniger banc cupidis rapuisse Numicius undis 
 
 Creditur, et stagnis occuluisse suis. 
 Sidonis interea magno clamore per agros 
 
 Quaeritur. Apparent signa notaeque pedum. o5u 
 Ventum erat ad ripas ; inerant vestigia ripis. 
 
 Sustinuit tacitas conscius amnis aquas. 
 Ipsa loqui visa est : Placidi sum nympba Numici : 
 
 Amne perenne latens Anna Perenna vocor. 
 Protinus erratis laeti vescuntur in agris, 655 
 
 Et celebrant largo seque diemque mero. — 
 Sunt quibusbaecLuna est, quia niensibus impleat annum ; 
 
 Pars Tbemin ; Inacbiam pars putat esse bovem. 
 Invenies, qui te Nympben Atlantida dicant, 
 
 Teque Jovi primes, Anna, dedisse cibos. 66o 
 
 Haec quoque, quam referam, nostras pervenit ad aures 
 
 Fama, nee a vera dissidet ilia fide. 
 Plebs vetus, et nullis etiani tunc tuta tribunis, 
 
 Fugit, et in sacri vertice mentis abit. 
 Jam quoque, quem secum tulerant, defecerat illos (J65 
 
 Victus et humanis usibus apta Ceres. 
 Orta suburbanis quaedara fuit Anna Bovillis 
 
 Pauper sed mundae sedulitatis anus. 
 Ilia, levi mitra canos redimita capillos, 
 
 Fingebat tremula rustica liba manu. 670 
 
 At que ita per populum fumantia mane solebat 
 
 Dividere. Haec populo copia grata fuit. 
 Pace domi facta signum posuere Perennae, 
 
 Quod sibi defectis ilia tulisset opem. — 
 Nunc milii, cur cantent, superest, obscaena puellae, 675 
 
 Dicere : nam coeunt certaque proba canunt. 
 Nuper erat dea facta ; venit Grradivus ad Annam, 
 
 Et cum seducta talia verba facit .- 
 Mense meo coleris ; junxi mea tempera tecum ; 
 
 Pendet ab officio spes.mibi magna tuo. . . 6S() 
 
 D 6 
 
C)0 EASTORUM 
 
 Armifer armiferae correptus amore Minervae 
 
 Uror et hoc longo tempore vulnus alo. 
 Effice, di studio similis coeamus in unum. 
 
 Conveniunt partes hae tibi comis anus. 
 Dixerat : ilia deum promisso ludit inani, 6S5 
 
 Et stultam dubia spem traliit usque mora, 
 Saepius instanti, Mandata peregimus, inquit, 
 
 Et victas precibus vix dedit ilia manus. 
 Credit amans tlialamosque parat. Deducitur illuc 
 
 Anna tegens vultus, ut nova nupta, sues. 690 
 
 Oscula sumpturus subito Mars aspicit Annam ; 
 
 Nunc pudor elusum, nunc subit ira deum. 
 Ridet amatorem carae nova diva Minervae ; 
 
 Nee res hac Veneri gratior ulla fuit. 
 Inde joci veteres obscaenaque dicta canuntur, 695. 
 
 Et juvat banc magno verba dedisse deo. 
 
 Praeteriturus eram gladios in principe fixes, 
 
 Cum sic a castis Vesta locuta focis : 
 Ne dubita meminisse : mens fuit ille sacerdos. 
 
 Sacrilegae telis me petiere manus. 700 
 
 Ipsa virum rapui, simulacraque nuda reliqui ; 
 
 Quae cecidit ferro, Caesaris umbra fuit. 
 Ille quidem caelo positus Jovis atria vidit, 
 
 Et tenet in magno templa dicata foro. 
 At quicumque nefas ausi, proliibente deorum 705 
 
 Numine, polluerant pontificale caput, 
 Morte jacent merita. Testes estote Pliilippi, 
 
 Et quorum sparsis ossibus albet humus. 
 Hoc opus, haec pietas, haec prima elementa fuerunt 
 
 Caesaris, ulciscijusta per arma patrem, 710 
 
 XVII. KAL. APR. 16th. 
 
 Postera cum teneras Aurora refecerit herbas, 
 
 Scorpios a prima parte videndus erit. 
 
 XVI. KAL. 17th. 
 
 Tertia post Idus lux est celeberrima Baccho. 
 
 Bacche, fave vati, dum tua festa cano. 
 Nee referam Semelen ; ad quam nisi fulmina secum 7i5 
 
 Juppiter afferret, parvus inermis eras : 
 
LIBER III. 61 
 
 Nec, puer ut posses maturo tempore nasci, 
 
 Expletum patrio corpore matris opus. 
 Sithonas et Scythicos longum est narrare triumphos, 
 
 Et domitas gentes, tliurifer Inde, tuas. 720 
 
 Tu quoque Tliebanae mala praeda tacebere matris, 
 
 Inque tuum furiis acte, Lycurge, genu. 
 Ecce libet subitos pisces Tyrrhenaque monstra 
 
 Dicere ; sed non est carminis liujus opus. 
 Carminis hujus opus, causas expromere, quare 725 
 
 Vilis anus populos ad sua liba vocet. 
 Ante tuos ortus arae sine lionore fuerunt, 
 
 Liber, et in gelidis lierba reperta focis. 
 Te memorant, Gange totoque Oriente subacto, 
 
 Primitias magno seposuisse Jovi. 730 
 
 Cinnama tu primus captivaque thura dedisti, 
 
 Deque triumpliato viscera tosta bove. 
 Nomine ab auctoris ducunt Libamina nomen, 
 
 Libaque, quod sacris pars datur inde focis. 
 Liba deo fiunt, succis quia dulcibus ille 735 
 
 Gaudet, et a Baccho mella reperta ferunt. 
 Ibat arenoso satyris comitatus ab Hebro ; 
 
 Non habet ingratos fabula nostra jocos. 
 Jamque erat ad Rhodopen Pangaeaque florida ventiun : 
 
 Aeriferae comitum concrepuere manus. 740 
 
 Ecce novae coeunt volucres tinnitibus actae, 
 
 Quosque movent sonitus aera sequuntur apes. 
 Colligit errantes, et in arbore claudit inani 
 
 Liber ; et inventi praemia mollis habet. 
 Ut satyri levisque senex tetigere saporem, 745 
 
 Quaerebant flavos per nemus omne favos, 
 Audit in exesa stridorem examinis ulmo, 
 
 Aspicit et ceras dissimulatque senex ; 
 Utque piger pandi tergo residebat aselli, 
 
 Applicat liunc ulmo corticibusque cavis. 750 
 
 Constitit ipse super ramoso stipite nixus, 
 
 Atque avide trunco condita mella petit. 
 Milia crabronum coeunt, et vertice nudo 
 
 Spicula defigunt, oraque summa notant. 
 Ille cadit praeceps, et calce feritur aselli, 755 
 
 Inclamatque sues, auxiliumque rogat. 
 
62 FASTORUM 
 
 Concurrunt satyri, turgentiaque ora parentis 
 
 Rident. Percusso claudicat ille genu. 
 Ridet et ipse deus, limumque inducere monstrat. 
 
 Hie paret monitis et linit ora luto. 760 
 
 Melle pater fruitur, liboque infusa calenti 
 
 Jure repertori Candida mella damus. 
 Femina cur presset, non est rationis opertae. 
 
 Femineos tliyrso concitat ille clioros. 
 Cur anus hoc faciat, quaeris ; Vinosior aetas 765 
 
 Haec est, et gravidae raunera vitis amat. 
 Cur hedera cincta est ; Hedera est gratissima Baccho. 
 
 Hoc quoque cur ita sit, dicere nulla mora est. 
 Nysiadas nymphas, puerum quaerente noverca, 
 
 Hanc frondem cunis opposuisse ferunt. — 770 
 
 Restat, ut inveniam, quare toga libera detur 
 
 Luce fere pueris, candide Bacclie, tua : 
 Sive quod ipse puer semper juvenisque videris, 
 
 Et media est aetas inter utrumque tibi ; 
 Sen, quia tu pater es, patres sua pignora natos 775 
 
 Commendant curae numinibusque tuis ; 
 Sive, quod es Liber, vestis quoque libera per te 
 
 Sumitur, et vitae liberioris iter ; 
 An quia, cum colerent prisci studiosius agros, 
 
 Et patrio faceret rure senator opus, 780 
 
 Et caperet fasces a curve consul aratro. 
 
 Nee crimen duras esset habere manus, 
 Rusticus ad ludos populus veniebat in urbem 
 
 Sed dis, non studiis, ille dabatur lionos : 
 Luce sua ludos uvae commentor liabebat, 735 
 
 Quos cum taedifera nunc babet ille dea : 
 Ergo, ut tironem celebrare frequentia posset, 
 
 Visa dies dandae non aliena togae ? 
 Mite, Pater, caput liuc placataque cornua vertas, 
 
 Et des ingenio vela secunda meo ! 790 
 
 Itur ad Argeos — qui sint sua pagina dicet — 
 Hac, si commemini, praeteritaque die. 
 
 Stella Lycaoniam vergit declinis ad Arcton 
 Miluus. Haec ilia nocte videnda venit. 
 
LIBER III. iJS 
 
 Quid dederit volucrl, si vis cognoscere caelum : 795 
 
 Saturnus regnis ab Jove pulsus erat. 
 Concitat iratus validos Titanas in arma, 
 
 Quaeque fuit fatis debita tentat opem. 
 Matre satus Terra, monstrum mirabile, taurus 
 
 Parte sui serpens posteriore fuit. 800 
 
 Hunc triplici niuro lucis incluserat atris 
 
 Parcarum monitu Styx violenta trium. 
 Viscera qui tauri flammis adolenda dedisset, 
 
 Sors erat, aeternos vincere posse deos. 
 Immolat hunc Briareus facta ex adamante securi : 805 
 
 Et jam jam flammis exta daturus erat. 
 Juppiter alitibus rapere imperat. Attulit illi 
 
 Miluus, et mentis venit in astra suis. 
 
 XIV. KAL. 19th. 
 
 Una dies media est, et fiunt sacra Minervae, 
 
 Nominaque a junctis quinque diebus liabent. 8 10 
 
 Sanguine prima vacat, nee fas concurrere ferro : 
 
 Causa, quod est ilia nata Minerva die. 
 Altera tresque super strata celebrantur arena : 
 
 Ensibus exertis bellica laeta dea est. 
 Pallada nunc pueri teneraeque orate puellae : 8 15 
 
 Qui bene placarit Pallada, doctus erit. 
 Pallade placata lanam mollire, puellae 
 
 Discitis et plenas exonerare colos. 
 Ilia etiani stantes radio percurrere tolas 
 
 Erudit, et rarum pectine denset opus. 820 
 
 Hanc cole, qui maculas laesis de vestibus aufers : 
 
 Hanc cole velleribus quisquis aena paras. 
 Nee quisquam invita faciet bene vincula plantae 
 
 Pallade, sit Tycliio doctior ille licet ; 
 Et licet antique rnanibus coUatus Epeo 825 
 
 Sit prior, irata Pallade mancus erit. 
 Vos quoque, Phoebea morbos qui pellitis arte, 
 
 Munera de vestris pauca referte deae. 
 Nee vos, turba fere censu fraudata, magistri 
 
 Spernite ,; discipulos attraliit ilia novos. S3o 
 
 Quique moves caelum tabulamque coloribus uvis, 
 
 Quique facis docta moUia saxa manu. 
 
64 FASTORUM 
 
 Mille dea est operiim ; certe dea carminis ilia est. 
 
 Si mereor, studiis adsit arnica meis. — 
 Caelius ex alto qua mons descendit in aequiim, 835 
 
 Hie ubi non plana est sed prope plana via est, 
 Parva licet videas Captae delubra Minervae, 
 
 Quae dea natali coepit habere suo. 
 Nominis in dubio causa est. Capitale vocanius 
 
 Ingenium sellers ; ingeniosa dea est. 8iO 
 
 An, quia de capitis fertur sine matre paterni 
 
 Vertice cum clipeo prosiluisse suo ? 
 An, quia perdomitis ad nos captiva Faliscis 
 
 Venit ? et lioc ipsum littera prisca docet. 
 An, quod babet legem, capitis quae pendere poenas 845 
 
 Ex illo jubeat furta reperta loco ? 
 A quacumque trahis ratione vocabula, Pallas, 
 
 Pro ducibus nostris aegida semper habe. — 
 Summa dies e quinque tubas lustrare canoras 
 
 Admonet, et forti sacrificare deae. 850 
 
 XI. KAL. 22nd. 
 
 Nunc potes ad solem sublato dicere vultu : 
 
 Hie here Phrixeae vellera pressit ovis. 
 Seminibus testis sceleratae fraude novercae 
 
 Sustulerat nuUas, ut solet, herba comas. 
 Mittitur ad tripodas, certa qui sorte reportet 855 
 
 Quam sterili terrae Delpliicus edat opem. 
 Hie quoque corruptus cum semine nuntiat Holies 
 
 Et juvenis Phrixi funera sorte peti. 
 Usque recusantem cives, et tempus, et Ino 
 
 Compulerunt regem jussa nefanda pati ; 860 
 
 Et soror, et Phrixus velati tempera vittis 
 
 Stant simul ante aras junctaque fata gemunt. 
 Aspicit hos, ut forte pependerat aethere mater, 
 
 Et ferit attonita pectora nuda manu ; 
 Inque draconigenam nimbis comitantibus urbem 865 
 
 Desilit, et nates eripit inde sues ; 
 Utque fugam capiant, aries nitidissimus auro 
 
 Traditur. Hie vehit per freta longa duos. 
 Dicitur infirma cornu tenuisse sinistra 
 
 Femina, cum de se nomina fecit aquae. 8 70 
 
65 
 
 Paene simul periit, dum vult succurrere lapsae, 
 
 Frater, et exteiitas porrigit usque manus. 
 Flebat, ut amissa geinini consorte pericli, 
 
 Caeruleo junctam nescius esse deo. 
 Litoribus tactis aries fit sidus: at hujus 
 
 Pervenit in Colclias aurea lana domes. 
 
 vii. KAL. 26th. 
 
 Tres ubi Luciferos veniens praemiserit Eos, 
 
 Tempera nocturnis aequa diurna feres. 
 
 III. KAL. 30th. 
 
 Inde quater pastor saturos uibi clauserit liaedos, 
 
 Canuerint herbae rore recente quater ; 
 Janus adorandus, cumque hoc Concordia mitis, 
 
 Et Roraana Salus, araque Pacis erit. 
 
 PR. KAL. 3 1st. 
 
 Luna regit menses : hujus quoque tempora mensis 
 Finit Aventino Luna colenda jugo. 
 
 LIBER IV. 
 
 Alma, fave, dixi, geminorum mater Amorum. 
 
 Ad vat em vultus rettulit ilia suos. 
 Quid tibi, ait, mecum ? certe majora canebas. 
 
 Num vetus in moUi pectore vulnus habes ? 
 Scis dea, respondi, de vulnere. Risit, et aether 
 
 Protinus ex ilia parte serenus erat. 
 Saucius, an sanus, numquid tua signa reliqui ? 
 
 Tu mihi propositum, tu mihi semper, opus. 
 Quae decuit, primis sine crimine lusimus annis : 
 
 Nunc teritur nostris area major equis. 
 Tempora cum causis annalibus eruta priscis, 
 
 Lapsaque sub terras ortaque signa cano. 
 Venimus ad quartum, quo tu celeberrima, mensem 
 
 Et vatem et mensem scis, Venus, esse tuos. 
 Mota Cytheriaca leviter mea tempora myrto 
 
 Contigit, et, Coeptum perfice, dixit, opus. 
 
66 FASTORUM 
 
 Sensimus, et causae subito patuere clierum. 
 
 Dum licet, et spirant fiamina, navis eat. — 
 Si qua tamen pars te de fastis tangere debet, 
 
 Caesar, in Aprili quod tuearis liabes. 20 
 
 Hie ad te magna descendit imagine mensis, 
 
 Et fit adoptiva nobilitate tuns. 
 Hoc pater Iliades, cum longum scriberet annum, 
 
 Vidit, et auctores rettulit ipse suos. 
 Utque fero Marti primam dedit ordine sortem, 25 
 
 Quod sibi nascenti proxima causa fuit ; 
 Sic Venerem gradibus multis in gente repertam 
 
 Alterius voluit mensis habere locum ; 
 Principiumque sui generis revolutaque quaerens 
 
 Saecula, cognates venit ad usque deos. 30 
 
 Dardanon Electra nesciret Atlantide cretum 
 
 Scilicet, Electran concubuisse Jovi ? 
 Hujus Ericlitlionius ; Tros est generatus ab illo ; 
 
 Assaracon creat hie, Assaracusque Capyn. 
 Proximus Anchisen, cum quo commune parentis 35 
 
 Non dedignata est nomen habere Venus. 
 Hinc satus Aeneas, pietas spectata per ignes, 
 
 Sacra patremque humeris, altera sacra, tulit. 
 Venimus ad felix aliquando nomen luli, 
 
 Unde domus Teucros Julia tangit avos. 40 
 
 Postumus hinc, qui, quod silvis fuit ortus in altis, 
 
 Silvius in Latia gente vocatus erat ; 
 Isque, Latine, tibi pater est ; subit Alba Latinum ; 
 
 Proximus est titulis Epitus, Alba, tuis ; 
 Hie dedit Capyi recidiva vocabula Troiae, 45 
 
 Et tuus est idem, Calpete, factus avus. 
 Cumque patris regnum post hunc Tiberinus haberet, 
 
 Dicitur in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae. 
 Jam tamen Agrippam natum Remulumque nepotem 
 
 Viderat ; in Remulum fulmina missa ferunt. 50 
 
 Venit Aventinus post hos, locus unde vocatur, 
 
 Mens quoque. Post ilium tradita regna Procae, 
 Quem sequitur duri Numitor germanus Amuli ; 
 
 Ilia cum Lauso de Numitore sati. 
 Ense cadit patrui Lausus ; placet Ilia Marti, 55 
 
 Teque parit gemino juncte Quirine Remo. 
 
LIBER IV. 67 
 
 Ille siios semper Venerem Martemque parentes 
 
 Dixit, et emeruit vocis habere fidem. 
 Neve secuturi possent nescire nepotes, 
 
 Tempera clis generis continuata dedit. — 6o 
 
 Sed Veneris mensem Graio sermone notatiim 
 
 Aug'uror : a spumis est dea dicta maris. 
 Nee tibi sit minim Graeco rem nomine dici ; 
 
 Itala nam telkis Graecia major erat. 
 Venerat Evander plena cum classe suorum ; 65 
 
 Venerat Alcides, Grains uterque genus. 
 Hospes Aventinis armentum pavit in herbis 
 
 Claviger, et tanto est Albula pota deo. 
 Dux quoque Neritius ; testes Laestrygones exstant, 
 
 Et quod adliuc Circes nomina litus habet. 7o 
 
 Et jam Telegoni, jam moenia Tiburis udi 
 
 Stabant, Argolicae quod posuere manus. 
 Venerat Atridae fatis agitatus Halesus, 
 
 A quo se dictam terra Falisca putat. 
 Adjice Trojanae suasorem Antenora pacis, 75 
 
 Et generum Oeniden, Appule Daune, tuum. 
 Serus ab Iliacis, et post Antenora, flammis 
 
 Attulit Aeneas in loca nostra deos. 
 Hujus erat Solymus Plirygia comes unus ab Ida : 
 
 A quo Sulmonis moenia nomen liabent, so 
 
 Sulmonis gelidi, patriae, Germanice, nostrae. 
 
 Me miserum ! Scytliico quam procul ilia sola est ! 
 Ergo age, tam longas sed supprime, Musa, querelas ; 
 
 Non tibi sunt maesta sacra canenda lyra. — 
 Quo non livor adit ? Sunt qui tibi mensis lionorem 85 
 
 Eripuisse velint invideantque, Venus. 
 Nam, quia ver aperit tunc omnia, densaque cedit 
 
 Frigoris asperitas, fetaque terra patet ; 
 Aprilem memorant ab aperto tempore dictum, 
 
 Quem Venus injecta vendicat alma manu. 90 
 
 Ilia quidem totum dignissima temperat orbem ; 
 
 Ilia tenet nullo regna minora deo ; 
 Juraque dat caelo, terrae, natalibus undis, 
 
 Perque sues initus continet omne genus. 
 Ilia deos omnes longum est numerare creavit ; 95 
 
 Ilia satis causas arboribusque dedit ; 
 
68 FASTORUM 
 
 Ilia rudes animos liominum contraxit in unum, 
 
 Et docuit jungi cum pare quemque sua. 
 Quid genus omne creat volucrum, nisi blanda voluptas ? 
 
 Nee coeant pecudes, si levis absit amor. lOO 
 
 Cum mare trux aries cornu decertat ; at idem 
 
 Frontem dilectae laedere parcit ovis. 
 Deposita taurus sequitur feritate juvencam, 
 
 Quem toti saltus, quem nemus omne tremit. 
 Vis eadem, lato quodcumque sub aequore vivit, 105 
 
 Servat, et innumeris piscibus implet aquas. 
 Prima feros habitus liomini detraxit : ab ilia 
 
 Venerunt cultus raundaque cura sui. • 
 Primus amans carmen vigilatum nocte negata 
 
 Dicitur ad clausas concinuisse fores ; no 
 
 Eloquiumque fuit duram exorare puellam ; 
 
 Proque sua causa quisque disertus erat. 
 Mille per banc artes motae, studioque placendi, 
 
 Quae latuere prius, multa reperta ferunt. 
 Hanc quisquam titulo mensis spoliare secundo lis 
 
 Audeat ? a nobis sit procul iste furor. — 
 Quid ? quod ubique potens,templisquefrequentibusaucta, 
 
 Urbe tamen nostra jus dea majus liabet ? 
 Pro Troja, Romane, tua Venus arma ferebat ; 
 
 Cum gemuit teneram cuspide laesa manum. 120 
 
 Caelestesque duas Trojano judice vicit ; 
 
 All ! nolim victas hoc meminisse deas ! 
 Assaracique nurus dicta est, ut scilicet olim 
 
 Magnus luleos Caesar haberet avos. 
 Nee Veneri tempus, quam ver, erat aptius ullum. 125 
 
 Vere nitent terrae ; vere remissus ager. 
 Nunc herbae ruptae tellure cacumina tollunt ; 
 
 Nunc tumido gemmas cortice palmes agit. 
 Et formosa Venus formoso tempore digna est, 
 
 Utque solet, Marti continuata suo. 130 
 
 Vere monet curvas materna per aequora puppes 
 
 Ire, nee hibernas jam timuisse minas. 
 
 KAL. 1st. 
 
 Rite deam Latiae colitis matresque nurusque ; 
 "Et vos, quis vittae longaque vestis abest. 
 
LIBER lY. 69 
 
 Aurea marmoreo redimicula solvite collo ; 135 
 
 Demite divitias ; tota lavanda dea est. 
 Aurea siccato redimicula reddite collo ; 
 
 Nunc alii flores, nunc nova danda rosa est. 
 Vos quoque sub viridi myrto jubet ipsa lavari ; 
 
 Causaque cur jubeat, discite, certa subest. ho 
 
 Lit ore siccabat sudantes rora capillos ; 
 
 Viderunt satyri, turba proterva, deam. 
 Sensit, et opposita texit sua corpora myrto : 
 
 Tuta fuit facto, vosque referre jubet. — 
 Discite nunc, quare Fortunae thura Virili 145 
 
 Detis eo, gelida qui locus humet aqua. 
 Accipit ille locus posito velamine cunctas, 
 
 Et vitium nudi corporis omne patet. 
 Ut tegat lioc, celetque viros, Fortuna Virilis 
 
 Praestat, et lioc, parvo tliure rogata facit. 150 
 
 Nee pigeat niveo tritum cum lacte papaver 
 
 Sumere, et expressis mella liquata fa vis. 
 Cum primum cupido Venus est deducta marito, 
 
 Hoc bibit ; ex illo tempore nupta fuit. 
 Supplicibus verbis illam placate ; sub ilia 155 
 
 Et forma, et mores, et bona fama manet. 
 Roma pudicitia proavorum tempore lapsa est : 
 
 Cumaeam, veteres, consuluistis anum. 
 Templa jubet Veneri fieri : quibus ordine factis, 
 
 Inde Venus verso nomina corde tenet. 160 
 
 Semper ad Aeneadas placido, pulclierrima, vultu 
 
 Respice, totque tuas, diva, tuere nurus — 
 Dum loquor, elatae metuendus acumine caudae 
 
 Scorpios in virides praecipitatur aquas. 
 
 IV. NON. 2nd. 
 
 Nox ubi transierit, caelumque rubescere prime 165 
 
 Coeperit, et tactae rore querentur aves, 
 Semiustamque facem vigilata nocte viator 
 
 Ponet, et ad solitum rusticus ibit opus : 
 Pleiades incipiunt humeros relevare paternos, 
 
 Quae septem dici, sex tamen esse solent. 170 
 
 Seu, quod in amplexum sex bine venere deonam : — 
 
 Nam Steropen Marti concubuisse ferunt ; 
 
70 FA.STORUM 
 
 Neptuno Halcyonen, et te, formosa Celaeno ; 
 
 Maian, et Electran, Taygetenque Jovi ; — 
 Septima mortali Merope tibi, Sisyplie, nupsit ; 175 
 
 Poenitet, et facti sola pudore latet : 
 Sive, quod Electra Trojae spectare ruinas 
 
 Non tulit, ante oculos opposuitque manum. 
 
 PE. NON. 4th. 
 
 Tei- sine perpetuo caelum versetur in axe ; 
 
 Ter jungat Titan, terque resolvat equos ; iso 
 
 Protinus inflexo Berecyntia tibia cornu 
 
 Flabit, et Idaeae festa Parentis erunt. 
 Ibunt semimares et inania tympana tundent, 
 
 Aeraque tinnitus aere repulsa dabunt. 
 Ipsa sedens niolli comitum cervice feretur 1S5 
 
 Urbis per medias exululata vias. 
 Scena sonat, ludique vocant. Spectate, Quirites !■ 
 
 Et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent. 
 Quaerere multa libet : sed me sonus aeris acuti 
 
 Terret, et borrendo lotos adunca sono. 190 
 
 Da, dea, quas sciter, doctas, Cybeleia, neptes. 
 
 Vidit, et has curae jussit adesse meae. 
 Pandite mandati memores, Heliconis alumnae, 
 
 Gaudeat assiduo cur dea Magna sono. 
 Sic ego. Sic Erato : mensis Cytbereius illi ] 95 
 
 Cessit, quod teneri nomen Anions babet, 
 Reddita Saturno sors baec erat : Optime regum. 
 
 A nato sceptris excutiere tuis. 
 Ille suam metuens, ut quaeque erat edita, prolem 
 
 Devorat, immersam visceribusque tenet. 200 
 
 Saepe Rhea questa est totiens fecunda, nee umquam 
 
 Mater, et indoluit fertilitate sua. 
 Jujjpiter ortus erat. Pro magno teste vetustas 
 
 Creditur ; acceptam parce movere fidem. 
 Veste latens saxum caelesti gutture sedit. 205 
 
 Sic genitor fatis decipiendus erat. 
 Ardua jam dudum resonat tinnitibus Ide, 
 
 Tutus ut infanti vagiat ore puer. 
 Pars clipeos sudibus, galeas pars tundit inanes : 
 
 Hoc Curetes habent, hoc Corybantes opus. 210 
 
LIBER IV. 71 
 
 Res latuit patrem ; priscique imitamina facti 
 
 Aera deae comites raucaque terga movent. 
 Cymbalsi pro galeis, pro scutis tympana pulsant ; 
 
 Tibia clat Phrygios, ut dedit ante, modos. 
 Desierat : coepi: Cur liuic genus acre leonum 215 
 
 Praebeat insolitas ad juga curva jubas ? 
 Desieram : coepit : Feritas mollita per illam 
 
 Creditur. Id curru testificata suo est. 
 At cur turrifera caput est ornata corona ? 
 
 An primis turres urbibus ilia dedit ? 220 
 
 Annuit. Unde venit, dixi, sua membra secandi 
 
 Impetus ? Ut tacui, Pieris orsa loqui : 
 Phrjx puer in silvis facie spectabilis Attis 
 
 Turrigeram casto vinxit amore deam. 
 Hunc sibi servari voluit, sua templa tueri : 225 
 
 Et dixit, Semper fac puer esse velis. 
 Ille fidem jussis dedit ; et. Si mentiar, inquit, 
 
 Ultima, qua fallam, sit Venus ilia mihi. 
 Fallit, et in Nymplia Sagaritide desinit esse, 
 
 Quod fuit. Hinc poenas exigit ira deae. 230 
 
 Naida vulneribus succidit in arbore factis. 
 
 Ilia perit : fatum Naidos arbor erat. 
 Hie furit ; et credens tlialami procumbere tectum, 
 
 Effugit et cursu Dindyma summa petit. 
 Et mode, Telle faces ! Hemove, modo, verbera ! clamat. 
 
 Saepe Palaestinas jurat adesse deas. 236 
 
 Ille etiam saxo corpus laniavit acuto, 
 
 Longaque in immundo pulvere tracta coma est ; 
 Voxque fuit, Merui : meritas do sanguine poenas : 
 
 Ah pereant partes, quae nocuere mihi ! 240 
 
 Ah pereant ! dicebat adhuc : onus inguinis aufert ; 
 
 Nullaque sunt subito signa relicta viri. 
 Venit in exemplum furor hie, mollesque ministri 
 
 Caedunt jactatis vilia membra comis. 
 Talibus Aoniae facunda voce Camenae 245 
 
 Reddita quaesiti causa furoris erat. 
 Hoc quoque, dux operis, moneas, precor, unde petita 
 
 Venerit, an nostra semper in urbe fuit ? 
 Dindymon, et Cybelen, et amoenam fontibus Iden 
 
 Semper, et Iliacas Mater amavit opes. 250 
 
72 FASTORUM 
 
 Cum Trojam Aeneas Italos portaret in agros, 
 
 Est dea sacriferas paene secuta rates. 
 Sed nondum fatis Latio sua nimiina posci 
 
 Senserat, assuetis substiteratque locis. 
 Post, ut Roma potens opibus jam saecula quinque 255 
 
 Vidit, et edomito sustulit orbe caput ; 
 Carminis Euboici fatalia verba sacerdos 
 
 Inspicit. Inspectum tale fuisse ferunt : 
 Mater abest ; Matrem jubeo, Romane, requiras. 
 
 Cum veniet, casta est accipienda raanu. 260 
 
 Obscurae sortis Patres ambagibus errant, 
 
 Quaeve parens absit, quove petenda loco. 
 Consolitur Paean, Divumque arcessite Matrem, 
 
 Inquit, in Idaeo est invenienda jugo. 
 Mittuntur proceres. Plirygiae tum sceptra tenebat 265 
 
 Attains : Ausoniis rem negat ille viris. 
 Mira canam : longo tremuit cum murmure tellus, 
 
 Et sic est adytis diva locuta suis : 
 Ipsa peti volui. Ne sit mora : mitte volentem. 
 
 Dignus Roma locus, quo deus omnis eat. 270 
 
 Ille soni terrore pavens, Proficiscere, dixit : 
 
 Nostra eris ; in Phrygios Roma refertur avos. 
 Protinus innumerae caedunt pineta secures 
 
 Ilia, quibus fugiens Phryx pius usus erat. 
 Mille manus coeunt : et picta coloribus ustis 275 
 
 Caelestum Matrem concava puppis habet. 
 Ilia sui per aquas fertur tutissima nati, 
 
 Longaque Phrixeae stagna sororis adit, 
 Rhoeteumque capax, Sigeaque litora transit, 
 
 Et Tenedum, et veteres Eetionis opes. 2S0 
 
 Cyclades excipiunt, Lesbo post tcrga relicta, 
 
 Quaque Carysteis frangitur unda vadis. 
 Transit et Icarium, lapsas ubi perdidit alas 
 
 Icarus, et vastae nomina fecit aquae. 
 Tum laeva Creten, dextra Pelopeidas undas 285 
 
 Deserit, et Veneris sacra Cythera petit. 
 Hinc mare Trinacrium, candens ubi tingere ferrum 
 
 Brontes, et Steropes, Acmonidesque solent : 
 Aequoraque Afra legit, Sardoaque regna sinistris 
 
 Prospicit a rem is, Ausoniamque tenet. 290 
 
Ostia contigerat, qua se Tiberinus in altiim 
 
 Dividit, et campo liberiore natat : 
 Omnis eques, mixtaque gravis cum plebe senatus 
 
 Obvius ad Tiisci fluminis ora venit ; 
 Procedunt pariter matres, nataeque, nurusque, 295 
 
 Quaeque coluiit sanctos yirginitate focos. 
 Sedula fun© viri contento brachia lassant ; 
 
 Vix subit adversas hospita navis aquas. 
 Sicca diu fuerat tellus ; sitis usserat herbas ; 
 
 Sedit limoso pressa carina vado. 300 
 
 Quisquis adest open, plus quam pro parte laborat, 
 
 Adjuvat et fortes voce sonante manus. 
 Ilia velut medio stabilis sedet insula ponto, 
 
 Attoniti monstro stantque paventque viri. 
 Claudia Quinta genus Clauso referebat ab alto ; 305 
 
 Nee facies impar nobilitate fuit. 
 Casta quidem, sed non et credita. Rumor iniquus 
 
 Laeserat, et falsi criminis acta rea est. 
 Cultus et ornatis varie prodisse capillis 
 
 Obfuit ad rigidos promptaque lingua senes. 3io 
 
 Conscia mens recti famae mendacia risit ; 
 
 Sed nos in vitium credula turba sumus. 
 Haec ubi castarum processit ab agmine matrum, 
 
 Et manibus puram fluminis hausit aquam, 
 Ter caput irrorat, ter tollit in aetliera palmas ; 315 
 
 Quicumque aspiciunt, mente carere putant. 
 Submissoque genu vultus in imagine divae 
 
 Figit, et lios edit crine jacente sonos : 
 Supplicis, alma^ tuae, genitrix fecunda deorum, 
 
 Accipe sub certa condicione preces. 320 
 
 Casta negor. Si tu damnas, meruisse fatebor ; 
 
 Morteluam poenas judice victa dea. 
 Sed, si crimen abest, tu nostrae pignora vitae 
 
 Re dabis, et castas casta sequere manus. 
 Dixit, et exiguo funem conamine traxit. 325 
 
 Mira, sed et scena testificata loquar. 
 Mota dea est, sequiturque ducem, laudatque sequendo. 
 
 Index laetitiae fertur in astra sonus. 
 Fluminis ad flexum veniunt : Tiberina priores 
 
 Atria dixerunt, unde sinister abit. 330 
 
 E 
 
74 FASTOEUM 
 
 Nox aderat : querno religant a stipite funenij 
 
 Dantque levi somno corpora functa cibo. 
 Lux aderat : querno solvunt a stipite funem ; 
 
 Ante tamen posito tliura dedere foco ; 
 Ante coronarunt puppim sine labe juvencam 335 
 
 Mactarunt ojjerum conjugiique rudem. 
 Est locus, in Tiberin qua lubricus influit Almo 
 
 Et nomen magno perdit ab amne minor ; 
 Illic purpurea canus cum veste sacerdos 
 
 Almonis dominam sacraque lavit aquis. 340 
 
 Exululant comites, furiosaque tibia flatur, 
 
 Et feriunt molles taurea terga manus. 
 Claudia praecedit, laeto celeberrima vultu ; 
 
 Credita vix tandem teste pudica dea. 
 Ipsa sedens plaustro porta est invecta Capena : 345 
 
 Sparguntur junctae flore recente boves. 
 Nasica accepit. Templi non'perstitit auctor ; 
 
 Augustus nunc est ; ante Metellus erat. 
 Substitit liic Erato. Mora fit, si cetera quaeram. 
 
 Die, inquam, parva cur stipe quaerat opes ? 350 
 
 Contulit aes populus, de quo delubra Metellus 
 
 Fecit, ait ; dandae mos stipis inde manet. 
 Cur vicibus factis ineant convivia, quaere, 
 
 Turn magis, indictas concelebrentque dapes. 
 Quod bene mutarit sedem Berecyntia, dixit, 355 
 
 Captant mutatis sedibus omen idem. 
 Institeram, quare primi Megalesia ludi 
 
 Urbe forent nostra, cum dea, — sensit enim — 
 Ilia deos, inquit, peperit : cessere parenti, 
 
 Princiijiumque dati Mater honoris babet. 360 
 
 Cur igitur Grallos, qui se excidere, vocamus. 
 
 Cum tantum a Pbrygia Gallica distet bumus ? 
 Inter, ait, viridem Cybelen altasque Celaenas, 
 
 Amnis it insana, nomine Gallus, aqua. 
 Qui bibit inde, furit, Procul bine discedite, quis est 365 
 
 Cura bonae mentis. Qui bibit inde, furit. 
 Non pudet herbosum, dixi, posuisse moretum 
 
 In dominae mensis ? an sua causa subest ? 
 Lacte mere veteres usi memorantur et herbis, 
 
 Sponte sua si quas terra ferebat, ait. 370 
 
LIBER IV. 75 
 
 Candidus elisae miscetur caseus lierbae, 
 
 Cognoscat priscos ut dea prisca cibos. 
 
 NON. 5 th. 
 
 Postera cum caelo motis Pallantias astris 
 
 Fulserit, et niveos Luna levarit equos, 
 Qui dicet, Quondam sacrata est colle Quirini 375 
 
 Hac Fortuna die Publica, verus erit. 
 
 viii. ID. 6th. 
 
 Tertia lux memini ludis erat. At mihi quidam 
 
 Spectanti senior contiguusque loco, 
 Haec, ait, ilia dies, Libycis qua Caesar in oris 
 
 Perfida magnanirai contudit arma Jubae. 380 
 
 Dux milii Caesar erat, sub quo meruisse tribunus 
 
 Glorior. Officio praefuit ille meo. 
 Hanc ego militia sedem, tu pace parasti, 
 
 Inter bis quinos usus honore Viros. 
 Plura locuturi subito seducimur imbre ; 385 
 
 Pendula caelestes Libra movebat aquas. 
 V. ID. 9 th. 
 
 Ante tamen, quam summa dies spectacula sistat, 
 
 Ensifer Orion aequore mersus erit. 
 
 IV. ID. 10th. 
 
 Proxima victricem cum Romam inspexerit Eos, 
 
 Et dederit Phoebo stella fugata locum ; 390 
 
 Circus erit pompa celeber,'numeroque deorum ; 
 
 Primaque ventosis palma petetur equis. 
 PR. ID. 12th. 
 
 Hinc Cereris Ludi. Non est opus indice causae ; 
 
 Sponte deae munus promeritumque patet. 
 Messis erant primis virides mortalibus herbae, 395 
 
 Quas tellus nullo sollicitante dabat ; 
 Et modo carpebant viva de cespite gramen, 
 
 Nunc epulae tenera fronde cacumen erant. 
 Postmodo glans nata est. Bene erat jam glande reperta, 
 
 Duraque magniiicas quercus habebat opes. 400 
 
 Prima Ceres homini ad meliora alimenta vocato 
 
 Mutavit glandes utiliore cibo. 
 Ilia jugo tauros collum praebere coegit ; 
 
 Turn primum soles eruta vidit liumus. 
 e2 
 
76 FASTORUM 
 
 Aes erat in pretio : clialybeia massa latebat. 405 
 
 Elieu perpetuo debuit ilia tegi ! 
 Pace Ceres laeta est, et vos optate, coloni, 
 
 Perpetuam pacem, perpetimmque ducem. 
 Farra deae, micaeque licet salientis honorem 
 
 Detis, et in veteres tliurea grana focos ; 410 
 
 Et, si tliura aberunt, unctas accendite taedas. 
 
 Parva bonae Cereri, sint modo casta, placent. 
 A bove succincti cultros removete ministri. 
 
 Bos aret ; ignavam sacrificate snem. 
 Apta jugo cervix non est ferienda securi ; 415 
 
 Vivat, et in dura saepe laboret humo. — 
 Exigit ipse locus, raptus ut virginis edam : 
 
 Plura recognosces ; paiica docendus eris. 
 Terra tribus scopulis vastum procurrit in aequor 
 
 Trinacris, a positu nomen adepta loci. 420 
 
 Grata domus Cereri : multas ea possidet urbes, 
 
 In quibus est culto fertilis Henna solo. 
 Frigida caelestum matres Aretliusa vocarat ; 
 
 Venerat ad sacras et dea flava dapes. 
 Filia consuetis ut erat comitata puellis, 425 
 
 Errabat nudo per sua prata pede. 
 Valle sub umbrosa locus est, adspergine multa 
 
 Humidus ex alto desilientis aquae. 
 Tot fuerant illic, quot liabet natura, colores, 
 
 Pictaque dissimili flore nitebat humus, 430 
 
 Quam simul aspexit, Comites accedite, dixit, 
 
 Et mecum plenos flore referte sinus. 
 Praeda puellares animos prolectat inanis, 
 
 Et non sentitur sedulitate labor. 
 Haec implet lento calatlios e vimine textos, 435 
 
 Haoc gremium, laxos degravat ilia sinus, 
 Ilia legit caltbas, liuic sunt violaria curae. 
 
 Ilia papavereas subsecat ungue comas. 
 Has, liyacintlie, tones, illas, amarante, moraris. 
 
 Pars thyma, pars rorem, pars meliloton amant. 440 
 Plurima lecta rosa est, sunt et sine nomine ilores. 
 
 Ipsa crocos tenues, liliaque alba legit. 
 Carpendi studio paullatim longius itur, 
 
 Et dominam casu nulla secuta comes. 
 
Hanc videt, et visam patmus velociter aufert, 445 
 
 Regnaque caeruleis in sua portat equis. 
 Ilia quidem clamabat, lo carissima mater, 
 
 Auferor ! ipsa suos abscideratque sinus. 
 Panditur interea Diti via ; namque diuniuni 
 
 Lumen inassueti vix patiuntur equi. 450 
 
 At chorus aequalis, cumulatae flore ministrae, 
 
 Persephone, clamant, ad tua dona veni ! 
 Ut clamata silet, montes ululatibus implent, 
 
 Et feriunt maesta pectora nuda manu. 
 Attonita est plangore Ceres, modo A^enerat Hennam, 455 
 
 Nee mora, Me miseram ! filia, dixit, ubi es ? 
 Mentis inops rapitur, quales audire solemus 
 
 Threicias fusis Maenadas ire comis. 
 Ut vitulo mugit sua mater ab ubere rapto, 
 
 Et quaerit fetus per nemus omne suos, 460 
 
 81 c dea nee retiuet gemitus, et concita cursu 
 
 Fertur, et e campis incipit, Henna, tuis. 
 Inde puellaris nacta est vestigia plantae, 
 
 Et pressam noto pondere vidit humum. 
 Forsitan ilia dies erroris summa fuisset, 465 
 
 Si non turbassent signa reperta sues. 
 Jamque Leontinos Amenanaque flumina cursu 
 
 Praeterit et ripas, herbifer Aci, tuas : 
 Praeterit et Cyanen et fontem lenis Anapi 
 
 Et te, verticibus non adeunde Gela. 470 
 
 Liquerat Ortygien Megareaque Pantagienque 
 
 Quaque Symaetheas accipit aequor aquas, 
 Antraque Cyclopum, positis exusta caminis, 
 
 Quique locus curvae nomina falcis habet, 
 Himeraque et Didymen Acragantaque Tauromenenque 
 
 Sacrarumque Melan pascua laeta bourn. 476 
 
 Hinc Camerinan adit Thapsonque et Heloria tempo, 
 
 Quaque patet Zephyro semper apertus Eryx. 
 Jamque Peloriaden Lilybaeaque jamque Pachynon 
 
 Lustrarat, terrae cornua prima suae. 480 
 
 Quacumque ingreditur, miseris loca cuncta querelis 
 
 Implet, ut amissum cum gemit ales Ityn ; 
 Perque vices modo, Persephone, modo, Filia, clamat, 
 
 Clamat, et alternis nomen utrumque ciet. 
 e3 
 
78 FASTOKUM 
 
 Sed neque Persephone Cererem, neque filia matrera 485 
 
 Audit, et alternis nomen utrumque perit. 
 Unaque, pastorem vidisset an arva colentem, 
 
 Vox erat, Hac gressus ecqua puella tulit ? 
 Jam color unus inest rebus, tenebrisque teguntur 
 
 Omnia ; jam vigiles conticuere canes. 490 
 
 Alta jacet vasti super ora Typhoeos Aetne, 
 
 Cujus anhelatis ignibus ardet humus. 
 Illic accendit geminas pro lampade pinus : 
 
 Hinc Cereris sacris nunc quoque taeda datur. 
 Est specus exesi structura pumicis asper ; 495 
 
 Non homini regie, non adeunda ferae. 
 Quo simul advenit, frenatos curribus angues 
 
 Jungit, et aequoreas sicca pererrat aquas. 
 Effiigit et Sjrtes, et te, Zanclaea Charybdis, 
 
 Et vos, Nisaei naufraga monstra, canes ; 500 
 
 Hadriacumque patens late, bimaremque Corinthon. 
 
 Sic venit ad portus, Attica terra, tuos. 
 Hie primum sedit gelido maestissima saxo. 
 
 Illud Cecropidae nunc quoque triste vocant. 
 Sub Jove duravit multis immota diebus, 505 
 
 Et lunae patiens, et pluvialis aquae. 
 Fors sua cuique loco est. Quo nunc Cerealis Eleusin 
 
 Dicitur, hoc Celei rura fuere senis. 
 Ille domum glandes excussaque mora rubetis 
 
 Portat, et arsuris arida ligna focis. 510 
 
 Filia parva duas redigebat rape capellas, 
 
 Et tener in cunis filius aeger erat. 
 Mater, ait virgo, — mota est dea nomine matris — 
 
 Quid facis in solis incomitata locis ? 
 Restitit et senior, quamvis onus urget, et orat, 515 
 
 Tecta suae subeat quantulacumque casae. 
 Ilia negat : simularat anum, mitraque capillos 
 
 Presserat — instanti talia dicta refert : 
 Sospes eas, semperque parens ! Mihi filia rapta est, 
 
 Heu ! melior quanto sors tua sorte mea ! 520 
 
 Dixit et ntlacrimae, neque enim lacrimare deorum est, 
 
 Decidit in tepidos lucida gutta sinus. 
 Flent pariter molles animis, virgoque senexque ; 
 
 E quibus haec justi verba fuere senis : 
 
LIBER IV. 79 
 
 Sic tibi, quam quereris rajatam, sit filia sospes ; 525 
 
 Surge, nee exiguae despice tecta casae. 
 Cui dea, Due, inquit ; scisti, qua cogere posses ; 
 
 Seque levat saxo, subsequiturque senem. 
 Dux comiti narrat, quam sit sibi filius aeger, 
 
 Nee capiat somnos, invigiletque malis. 530 
 
 Ilia soporiferam, parvos initura penates, 
 
 Colligit agresti lene papaver liumo. 
 Dum legit, oblito fertur gustasse palato, 
 
 Longamque imprudens exsoluisse famem. 
 Quae quia principio posuit jejunia noctis, 535 
 
 Tempus habent Mystae sidera visa cibi. 
 Limen ut intravit, luctus videt omnia plena : 
 
 Jam spes in puero nulla salutis erat. 
 Matre salutata, — mater Metanira vocatur — 
 
 Jungere dignata est os puerile sue. 540 
 
 Pallor abit, subitasque vident in corpora vires. 
 • Tantus caelesti venit ab ore vigor ! 
 Tota domus laeta est, hoc est, materque paterque 
 
 Nataque ; tres illi tota fuere domus. 
 Mox epulas ponunt, liquefacta coagula lacte, 545 
 
 Pomaque et in ceris aurea mella suis. 
 Abstinet alma Ceres, somnique papavera causas 
 
 Dat tibi cum tepido lacte bibenda, puer. 
 Noctis erat medium, placidique silentia somni ; 
 
 Triptolemum gremio sustulit ilia sue, 550 
 
 Terque nianu permulsit eum, tria carmina dixit, 
 
 Carmina mortal! non referenda sono ; 
 Inque foco pueri corpus vivente favilla 
 
 Obmit, liumanum purget ut ignis onus. 
 Excutitur sonino stulte pia mater, et amens, 555 
 
 Quid facis ? exclamat, membraque ab igne rapit. 
 Cui Dea, Dum non es, dixit, scelerata fuisti : 
 
 Irrita materno sunt mea dona metu. 
 Iste quidem mortalis erit, sed primus arabit, 
 
 Et seret, et culta praemia toilet liumo. 56o 
 
 Dixit, et egrediens nubem trahit, inque dracones 
 
 Transit, et alifero tollitur axe Ceres. 
 Sunion expositum, Piraeaque tuta recessu 
 
 Linquit et in dextrum quae jacet ora latus, 
 E 4 
 
80 I'ASTOEUM 
 
 Hinc init Aegaeum, quo Cycladas adspicit omneSj 565 
 
 loniumque rapax, Icariumque legit ; 
 Perque urbes Asiae longum petit Hellespontum : 
 
 Diversumque locis alta pererrat iter. 
 Nam niodo thiirilegos Arabas, modo despicit Indos : 
 
 Hinc Libys, hinc Meroe, siccaque terra subest. 570 
 Nunc aditHesperios,Rhenum Rhodanumque Padumque, 
 
 Teque future parens, Tibri, potentis aquae. 
 Quo feror ? immensum est erratas dicere terras : 
 
 Praeteritus Cereri nullus in orbe locus. 
 EiTat et in caelo, liquidique immunia ponti 575 
 
 Alloquitur gelido proxima signa polo : 
 Parrliasides stellae, — namque omnia nosse potestis, 
 
 Aequoreas numquam cum subeatis aquas — 
 Persejjlionen miserae natam monstrate parenti. 
 
 Dixerat : huic Helice talia verba refert : 580 
 
 Crimine nox vacua est. Solem de virgine rapta 
 
 Consule, qui late facta diurna videt. 
 Sol aditus, Quam quaeris, ait, ne vana labores, 
 
 Nupta Jovis fratri tertia regna tenet. 
 Questa diu secum sic est aiFata Tonantem : 585 
 
 — Maximaque in vultu signa dolentis erant — 
 Si memor es de quo milii sit Proserpina nata, 
 
 Dimidium curae debet habere tuae. 
 Orbe pererrato sola est injuria facti 
 
 Cognita : commissi praemia raptor habet. 590 
 
 At neque Persephone digna est praedone marito, 
 
 Nee gener hoc nobis more parandus erat. 
 Quid gravius victore Gyge captiva tulissem, 
 
 Quam nunc, te caeli sceptra tenente, tuli ? 
 Verum impune ferat : nos haec patiemur inultae. 595 
 
 Reddat, et emendet facta priora novis. 
 Juppiter banc lenit, factumque excusat amore ; 
 
 Nee gener est nobis ille pudendus, ait : 
 Non ego nobilior ; posita est mihi regia caelo ; 
 
 Possidet alter aquas ; alter inane Chaos. 600 
 
 Sed si forte tibi non est mutabile pectus, 
 
 Statque semel juncti rumpere vincla tori ; 
 Hoc quoque tentemus, siquidem jejuna remansit : 
 
 Si minus, inferni conjugis uxor erit. 
 
LIBER IV. 81 
 
 Tartara jussus adit siimptis Caducifer alis, 605 
 
 Speque redit citius, visaque certa refert. 
 Rapta tribus, dixit, solvit jejiinia granis, 
 
 Punica quae lento cortice poma tegunt. 
 Hand secus indoluit, quam si modo rapta fuisset, 
 
 Maesta parens, longa vixque refecta mora est. 6io 
 Atque ita, Nee nobis caelum est liabitabile, dixit : 
 
 Taenaria recipi me quoque valle jube. 
 Et factura fuit, pactus nisi Juppiter esset, 
 
 Bis tribus ut caelo mensibus ilia foret. 
 Turn demum vultumque Ceres animumque recepit, 6I5 
 
 Imposuitque suae spicea serta comae ; 
 Largaque provenit cessatis messis in arvis ; 
 
 Et vix congestas area cepit opes. 
 Alba decent Cererem : vestes Cerealibus albas 
 
 Sumite ; nunc pulli velleris usus abest. 620 
 
 ID. 13th. 
 
 Occupat Aprilis Idus cognomine Victor 
 
 Juppiter : hac illi sunt data templa die. 
 Hac quoque, ni fallor, populo dignissima nostro 
 
 Atria Libertas coepit habere sua. 
 
 XVIII. KAL. MAI, 14th. 
 
 Luce secutura tutos pete, navita, portus : 625 
 
 Ventus ab occasu grandine mixtus erit. 
 Scilicet ut fuerit, tamen liac Mutinensia Caesar 
 
 Grandine militia contudit arma sua. 
 
 XVII. KAL. 15th. 
 
 Tertia post Veneris cum lux surrexerit Idus, 
 
 Pontifices, forda sacra litate bove. 630 
 
 Forda ferens bos est fecundaque, dicta ferendo : 
 
 Hinc eiisam fetus nomen habere putant. 
 Nunc gravidum pecus est ; gravidae quoque semineterrae: 
 
 Telluri plenae victima plena datur. 
 Pars cadit arce Jovis ; ter denas Curia vaccas 635 
 
 Accipit, et largo sparsa cruore madet. 
 Ast ubi visceribus vitulos rapuere ministri, 
 
 Sectaque fumosis exta dedere focis ; 
 Igne cremat vitulos quae natu maxima Virgo est. 
 
 Luce Palis populos purget ut ille cinis. — 640 
 
 E 5 
 
■82 FASTORUM 
 
 Rege Numa, fructu non respondente laLori, 
 
 Irrita decepti vota colentis erant. 
 Nam mo do siccus erat gelidis aquilonibus anmis, 
 
 Nunc ager assidua luxuriabat aqua ; 
 Saepe Ceres primis dominum fallebat in herbis, 645 
 
 Et levis obsesso stabat avena solo ; 
 Et pecus ante diem partus edebat acerbos, 
 
 Agnaque nascendo saepe necabat ovem. 
 Silva vetus nullaque diu violata securi 
 
 Stabat, Maenalio sacra relicta deo. 650 
 
 Ille dabat tacitis animo responsa quieto 
 
 Noctibus. Hie geminas rex Numa mactat oves. 
 Prima cadit Fauno, leni cadit altera Somno ; 
 
 Sternitur in duro vellus utrumque solo. 
 Bis caput intonsum fontana spargitur unda, 655 
 
 Bis sua faginea tempora fronde tegit. 
 Usus abest Veneris ; nee fas animalia mensis 
 
 Ponere, nee digitis anulus uUus inest. 
 Veste rudi tectus supra nova vellera corpus 
 
 Ponit, adorato per sua verba deo. 660 
 
 Interea placidam redimita papavere frontem 
 
 Nox venit, et secum somnia nigra traliit. 
 Faunus adest, oviumque premens pede vellera duro 
 
 Edidit a dextro talia dicta toro : 
 Morte bourn tibi, rex, Tellus placanda duarum : 665 
 
 Det sacris animas una necata duas. 
 Excutitur terrore quies ; Numa visa revolvit, 
 
 Et secum ambages caecaque jussa refert. 
 Expedit errantem nemori gratissima conjunx, 
 
 Et dixit, Grravidae posceris exta bovis. 670 
 
 Exta bovis dantur gravidae ; felicior annus 
 
 Provenit, et fructum terra pecusque ferunt. — 
 Hanc quondam Cytlierea diem properantius ire 
 
 Jussit, et admissos praecipitavit equos, 
 Ut titulum imperii cum primum luce sequent! 675 
 
 Augusto juveni prospera bella darent. 
 
 XVI. KAL. 16th. 
 
 Sed jam praeteritas quartus tibi Lucifer Idus 
 
 Respicit j hac Hyades Dorida nocte tenent. 
 
LIBER IV. 88 
 
 XIII. KAL. 19th. 
 
 Tertia post Hyadas cum lux erit orta remotas, 
 
 Carcere partitos Circus liabebit equos. 680 
 
 Cur igitur missae vinctis arclentia taedis 
 
 Terga ferant vulpes, causa docenda milii. 
 Frigida Carseoli nee olivis apta ferendis 
 
 Terra, sed ad segetes ingeniosus ager. 
 Hac ego Pelignos, natalia rura, petebam, 685 
 
 Parva, sed assiduis uvida semper aquis. ■ 
 Hospitis antiqui solitas intravimus aedes ; 
 
 Dempserat emeritis jam juga Plioebus equis. 
 Is milii multa quidem, sed et haec, narrare solebat, 690 
 
 Unde meum praesens instrueretur opus : 
 Hoc, ait, in campo — campumque ostendit — habebat 
 
 Rus breve cum duro parca colona viro. 
 Ille suam peragebat humum, sive usus aratri, 
 
 Seu curvae falcis, sive bidentis erat. 
 Haec modo verrebat stantem tibicine villam, 695 
 
 Nunc matris plumis ova fovenda dabat ; 
 Aut virides malvas, aut fungos colligit albos, 
 
 Aut bumilem grato calfacit igne focum. 
 Et tamen assiduis exercet brachia telis, 
 
 Adversusque minas frigoris arma parat. 700 
 
 Filius hujus erat prime lascivus in aevo, 
 
 Addideratque annos ad duo lustra duos. 
 Is capit extremi vulpem convalle salicti ; 
 
 Abstulerat niultas ilia coliortis aves. 
 Captivam stipula fenoque involvit, et ignes 705 
 
 Admovet ; urentes eifugit ilia manus. 
 Qua fugit, incendit vestitos messibus agros ; 
 
 Damnosis vires ignibus aura dabat. 
 Factum abiit, monimenta manent ; nam vivere captam 
 
 Nunc quoque lex vulpem Carseolana vetat. 710 
 
 Utque luat poenas gens haec, Cerealibus ardet, 
 
 Quoque modo segetes perdidit, ips a perit. 
 XII. KAL. 20th. 
 
 Postera cum veniet terras visura patentes 
 
 Memnonis in roseis lutea mater equis, 
 De duce lanigeri pecoris, qui prodidit Hellen, 7i5 
 
 Sol abit ; egresso victima major adest. 
 e6 
 
84 " FASTOKUM 
 
 Vacca sit an tauriis, non est cognoscere promptum : 
 
 Pars prior apparet ; posteriora latent. 
 Sen tamen est taurus, sive est lioc femina signura, 
 
 Junone invita munus amoris liabet. 720 
 
 XL KAL. 21ST. 
 
 Nox abiit oriturque Aurora, Palilia poscor. 
 
 Non poscor frustra, si favet alma Pales. 
 Alma Pales, faveas pastoria sacra canenti, 
 
 Prosequor officio si tua festa pio. 
 Certe ego de vitulo cinerem stipulasque fabales, 725 
 
 Saepe tuli plena februa casta manu. 
 Certe ego transilui positas ter in ordine flammas, 
 
 Udaque rorantes laurea misit aquas. 
 Mota dea est, operique favet. Navalibus exit 
 
 Puppis ; babent ventos jam mea vela sues. 730 
 
 I, pete virginea, populus, suffimen ab ara : 
 
 Vesta dabit ; Vestae munere purus oris. 
 Sanguis equi suffimen erit, vitulique favilla ; 
 
 Tertia res durae culmen inane fabae. 
 Pastor, oves saturas ad prima crepuscula lustra: 735 
 
 Unda prius spargat, virgaque verrat bumum. 
 Frondibus et fixis decorentur ovilia ramis, 
 
 Et tegat ornatas longa corona fores. 
 Caerulei fiant vivo de sulfure fumi ; 
 
 Tactaque fumanti sulfure balet ovis. 740 
 
 Ure mares oleas taedamque herbasque Sabinas, 
 
 Et crepet in mediis laurus adusta focis ; 
 Libaque de milio milii fiscella sequatur : 
 
 Rustica praecipue est hoc dea laeta cibo. 
 Adde dapes mulctramque suas ; dapibusque resectis 745 
 
 Silvicolam tepido lacte precare Palen. 
 Consule, die, pecori pariter pecorisque magistris : 
 
 EfFugiat stabulis noxa repulsa meis. 
 Sive sacro pavi, sedive sub arbore sacra, 
 
 Pabulaque e bustis inscia carpsit ovis ; 750 
 
 Si nemus intravi vetitum, nostrisve fugatae 
 
 Sunt oculis nympliae, semicaperve deus ; 
 Si mea falx ramo lucum spoliavit opaco, 
 
 Unde data est aegrae fiscina frondis ovi ; 
 
LIBER IV. 85 
 
 Da veniam culpae : nee, dum degrandinet, obsit 755 
 
 Agresti fano supposuisse pecus ; 
 Nee iioceat turbasse lacus. Ignoscite, nymphae, 
 
 Mota quod obscuras ungula fecit aquas. 
 Tu, dea, pro nobis fontes fontanaque placa 
 
 Numina ; tu sparsos per nemus omne deos. 760 
 
 Nee Dryadas, nee nos videamus labra Dianae 
 
 Nee Faunum, medio eum premit arva die. 
 Pelle proeid morbos. Valeant bominesque gregesque ; 
 
 Et valeant vigiles, provida turba, canes. 
 Neve minus multos redigam, quam mane fuerunt, 765 
 
 Neve gemam referens vellera rapta lupo. 
 Absit iniqua fames. Herbae frondesque supersint, 
 
 Quaeque lavent artus, quaeque bibantur, aquae, 
 libera plena premam ; referat milii caseus aera, 
 
 Dentque viam liquido vimina rara sero ; 770 
 
 Sitque salax aries, eonceptaque semina conjunx 
 
 Reddat, et in stabulo multa sit agna meo ; 
 Lanaque proveniat, nullas laesura puellas, 
 
 Mollis, et ad teneras quamlibet apta manus. 
 Quae preeor, eveniant : et nos faeiamus ad annum 775 
 
 Pastorum dominae grandia liba Pali. 
 His dea plaeanda est : baec tu eonversus ad ortus 
 
 Die quater, et vivo perlue rore manus. 
 Tum licet, apposita, veluti cratere, camella, 
 
 Lac niveum potes purpureamque sapam ; 780 
 
 Moxque per ardentes stipulae erepitantis aeervos 
 
 Trajicias celeri strenua membra pede. — 
 Expositus mos est, moris mibi restat origo : 
 
 Turba facit dubium, coeptaque nostra tenet. 
 Omnia purgat edax ignis, vitiumque metallis 785 
 
 Exeoquit ; idcireo cum duce purgat oves. 
 An, quia cunetarum eontraria semina rerum 
 
 Sunt duo diseordes, ignis et unda, dei, 
 Junxerunt elementa patres aptumque putarunt 
 
 Ignibus et sparsa tangere corpus aqua ? 790 
 
 An, quod in bis vitae causa est, liaee perdidit exid. 
 
 His nova fit conjunx, liaec duo magna putant ? 
 Vix equidem credo. Sunt qui Pliaetbonta referri 
 
 Credant et niniias Deucalionis aquas. 
 
86 FASTORUM 
 
 Pars quoque, cum saxis pastores saxa feribant, 795 
 
 Scintillam subito prosiluisse ferunt : 
 Prima quidem periit ; stipulis excepta secunda est. 
 
 Hoc argumentum flamma Palilis liabet ? 
 An magis hunc morem pietas Aeneia fecit, 
 
 Imiocuum victo cui dedit ignis iter ? 800 
 
 Num tamen est vero propius, cum condita Roma est, 
 
 Transferri jussos in nova tecta Lares 
 Mutantesque domum tectis agrestibus ignem 
 
 Et cessaturae supposuisse casae. 
 Per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos ? 805 
 
 Quod fit natali nunc quoque, Roma, tuo. — 
 Ipse locum casus vati facit. Urbis origo 
 
 Venit : ades factis, magne Quirine, tuis. 
 Jam luerat poenas frater Numitoris et omne 
 
 Pastorum gemino sub duce vulgus erat : sio 
 
 Contrabere agrestes et moenia ponere utrique 
 
 Convenit ; ambigitur, moenia ponat uter. 
 Nil opus est, dixit, certamine, Romulus, uUo. 
 
 Magna fides avium est ; experiamur aves. 
 Res placet : alter init nemorosi saxa Palati, 8 15 
 
 Alter Aventinum mane cacumen init. 
 Sex Remus, hie volucres bis sex videt ordine : pacto 
 
 Statur et arbitrium Romulus urbis habet. 
 Apta dies legitur, qua moenia signet aratro. 
 
 Sacra Palis suberant, inde movetur opus. 820 
 
 Fossa fit ad solidum, fruges jaciuntur in ima, 
 
 Et de vicino terra petita solo. 
 Fossa repletur bumo, plenaeque imponitur ara, 
 
 Et novus accenso fungitur igne focus. 
 Inde premens stivam designat moenia sulco ; 825 
 
 Alba jugum niveo cum bove vacca tulit. 
 Vox fuit baec regis : Condenti, Juppiter, urbem, 
 
 Et genitor Mavors, Vestaque mater ades, 
 Quosque pium est adliibere deos, advertite cuncti : 
 
 Auspicibus vobis hoc mihi surgat opus. 8.30 
 
 Longa sit liuic aetas dominaeque potentia terrae : 
 
 Sitque sub hac oriens occiduusque dies. 
 Ille precabatur ; tonitru dedit omina laevo 
 
 Juppiter, et laevo fulmina missa polo. 
 
LIBER IV. '87 
 
 Augurio laeti jaciunt fundamina cives, 835 
 
 Et novus exiguo tempore murus erat. 
 Hoc Celer urget opus, quem Romulus ipse vocarat ; 
 
 Sintque, Celer, curae, dixerat, ista tuae, 
 Neve quis aut muros, aut factam vomere fossam 
 
 Transeat ; audentem talia dede neci. 840 
 
 Quod Remus ignorans, humiles contemnere muros 
 
 Coepit, et, His populus, dicere, tutus erit ? 
 Nee mora, transiluit. Rutro Celer occupat ausum ; 
 
 lUe premit dviram sanguinolentus liumum. 
 Haec ubi rex didicit, lacrimas introrsus obortas 845 
 
 Devorat et clausum pectore vulnus habet. 
 Flere palam non vult exemplaque fortia servat, 
 
 Sicque meos muros transeat hostis, ait. 
 Dat tamen exequias : nee jam suspendere fletum 
 
 Sustinet, et pietas dissimulata patet ; 850 
 
 Osculaque applicuit posito suprema feretro, 
 
 Atque ait, Invito frater adempte, vale ! 
 Arsurosque artus unxit. Fecere, quod ille, 
 
 Faustulus, et maestas Acca soluta comas. 
 Turn juvenem nondum facti flevere Quirites ; 855 
 
 Ultima plorato subdita flamma rogo est. 
 Urbs oritur — quis tunc lioc uUi credere posset ? — 
 
 Victorem terris impositura pedem. 
 Cuncta regas, et sis magno sub Caesare semper, 
 
 Saepe etiam plures nominis hujus habe ; 86o 
 
 Et quoties steteris domito sublimis in orbe, 
 
 Omnia sint liumeris inferiora tuis. 
 
 IX. KAL. 2Srd. 
 
 Dicta Pales nobis ; idem Vinalia dicani : 
 
 Una tamen media est inter utramque dies. 
 Numina vulgares Veneris celebrate puellae ; 865 
 
 Multa professarum quaestibus apta Venus. 
 Poscite tliure dato formam populique favorem ; 
 
 Poscite blanditias, dignaque verba joco : 
 Cumque sua dominae date grata sisymbria myrto, 
 
 Textaque composita juncea vincla rosa. 870 
 
 Templa frequentari Collinae proxima portae 
 
 Nunc decet ; a Siculo nomina colle tenent. 
 
88 • FASTORUM 
 
 Utque Syracusas Aretliusidas abstulit armis 
 
 Claudius et bello te quoque cepit, Eryx, 
 Carmine vivacis Venus est translata Sibyllae, 875 
 
 Inque suae stirpis maluit urbe coli. 
 Cur igitur Veneris festum Vinalia dicant, 
 
 Quaeritis, et quare sit Jovis ista dies. 
 Turnus an Aeneas Latiae gener esset Amatae, 
 
 Bellum erat : Etruscas Turnus adorat opes. 880 
 
 Clarus erat sumptisque ferox Mezentius armis, 
 
 Et vel equo magnus, vel pede major erat. 
 Quem Rutuli Turnusque suis adsciscere tentant 
 
 Partibus. Haec contra dux ita Tuscus ait : 
 Stat milii non parvo virtus mea. Vulnera tester, 885 
 
 Armaque, quae sparsi sanguine saepe meo : 
 Qui petis auxilium, non grandia divide mecum 
 
 Praemia de lacubus proxima musta tuis. 
 Nulla mora est operae; vestrum dare,vincere nostrum est. 
 
 Quam velit Aeneas ista negata mihi ! ego 
 
 Annuerant Rutuli : Mezentius induit arma. 
 
 Induit Aeneas, alloquiturque Jovem : 
 Hostica Tyrrhene vota est vindemia regi ; 
 
 Juppiter, e Latio palmite musta feres. 
 Vota valent meliora : cadit Mezentius ingens, 895 
 
 Atque indignanti pectore plangit liumum. 
 Venerat autumnus, calcatis sordidus uvis ; 
 
 Redduntur merito debita vina Jovi. 
 Dicta dies liinc est Vinalia. Juppiter illam 
 
 Vindicat, et festis gaudet inesse suis. 900 
 
 vii. KAL. 25th. 
 
 Sex ubi, quae restant, luces Aprilis habebit, 
 
 In medio cursu tempera veris erunt, 
 Et frustra pecudem quaeres Athamantidos Helles, 
 
 Signaque dant imbres, exoriturque Canis. 
 
 Hac mihi Nomento Romam cum luce redirem, 905 
 
 Obstitit in media Candida pompa via. 
 Flamen in antiquae lucum Robiginis ibat, 
 
 Exta canis flammis, exta daturus ovis. 
 Protinus accessi, ritus ne nescius essem. 
 
 Edidit haec Elamen verba, Quirine, tuus : 910 
 
LIBER IV. 89 
 
 Aspera Robigo, parcas Cerealibus herbis, 
 
 Et tremat in summa leve cacumen bumo. 
 Tu sata sideribus caeli nutrita secundis 
 
 Crescere, diim fiant falcibus apta, sinas. 
 Vis tua non levis est. Quae tu fmmenta notasti, 915 
 
 Maestus in amissis ilia colonus liabet. 
 Nee venti tantum Cereri nocuere, nee imbres, 
 
 Nee sic marmoreo pallet adusta gelu, 
 Quantum, si culmos Titan incalfacit udos : 
 
 Tunc locus est irae, diva timenda, tuae. 920 
 
 Parce, precor, scabrasque manus a messibus aufer, 
 
 Neve noce cultis : posse nocere sat est. 
 Neu teneras segetes, sed durum amplectere ferrum, 
 
 Quodque potest alios perdere, perde prior. 
 Utilius gladios et tela nocentia carpes. 9-25 
 
 Nil opus est illis : otia mundus agit. 
 Sarcula nunc durusque bidens et vomer aduncus, 
 
 Ruris opes, niteant ; inquinet anna situs. 
 Conatusque aliquis vagina ducere ferrum, 
 
 Adstrictum longa sentiat esse mora. 930 
 
 At tu ne viola Cererem, semperque colonus 
 
 Absenti possit solvere vota tibi. 
 Dixerat : a dextra villis mantele solutis, 
 
 Cumque meri patera thuris acerra fuit. 
 Tbura focis vinumque dedit, fibrasque bidentis, 935 
 
 Turpiaque obscaenae vidimus exta canis. 
 Tum milii, Cur detur sacris nova victima, quaeris ; 
 
 — Quaesieram causam — percipe, Flamen ait : 
 Est Canis, Icarium dicunt, quo sidere moto 
 
 Tosta sitit tellus, praecipitui-que seges. 940 
 
 Pro cane sidereo canis hie imponitur arae, 
 
 Et, quare j)ereat, nil nisi nomen habet. 
 
 IV. KAL. 28th. 
 
 Cum Plirygis Assaraci Titlionia fratre relicto 
 
 Sustulit immenso ter jubar orbe suum, 
 Mille venit variis florum dea nexa coronis, 945 
 
 Scena joci morem liberioris babet. 
 Exit et in Maias sacrum Florale kalendas. 
 
 Tunc repetam : nunc me grandius urget opus. 
 
90 FASTOEUM 
 
 Aufert Vesta diem ; cognati Vesta recepta est 
 
 Limine : sic justi constituere senes. 950 
 
 Phoebus liabet partem, Vestae pars altera cessit ; 
 Quod superest illis, tertius ipse tenet. 
 
 State Palatinae laurus, praetextaque quercu 
 Stet domus. Aeternos tres liabet una deos. 
 
 LIBER V. 
 
 Quaeritis unde putem Maio data nomina mensi ; 
 
 Non satis est liquido cognita causa milii. 
 Ut stat et incertus qua sit sibi nescit eundum, 
 
 Cum videt ex omni parte viator iter, 
 Sic, quia posse datur diversas reddere causas,* 5 
 
 Qua ferar ignore, copiaque ipsa nocet. 
 Dicite, quae fontes Aganippidos Hippocrenes 
 
 Grrata Medusaei signa tenetis equi. 
 Dissensere deae ; quarum Polyhymnia coepit 
 
 Prima ; silent aliae, dictaque mente notant. lO 
 
 Post chaos, ut primum data sunt tria corpora mundo, 
 
 Inque novas species omne recessit opus, 
 Pondere terra suo subsedit, et aequora traxit, 
 
 At caelum levitas in loca summa tulit. 
 Sol quoque cum stellis nulla gravitate retentus, 15 
 
 Et vos lunares exsiluistis equi. 
 Sed neque terra diu caelo, nee caetera Phoebo 
 
 Sidera cedebant : par erat omnis honos. 
 Saepe aliquis solio quod tu, Saturne, tenebas, 
 
 Ausus de media plebe sedere deus ; 20 
 
 Et latus Oceano quivis deus advena junxit, 
 
 Et Tethys extreme saepe recepta loco est ; 
 Doiiec Honos, placidoque decens Reverentia vultu 
 
 Corpora legitimis imposuere toris. 
 Hinc sata Majestas, quae mundum temperat omnem, 25 
 
 Quaque die partu est edita, magna fuit. 
 
LIBEE r. 91 
 
 Nee mora : consedit medio sublimis Olympo, 
 
 Aurea, purpureo conspicienda sinu. 
 Consedere simiil Pudor et Metiis. Omne videres 
 
 Numen ad lianc vultus composuisse suos. 30 
 
 Protinus intravit mentes suspectus honorum ; 
 
 Fit pretium dignis, nee sibi qiiisque placet. 
 Hie status in caelo multos permansit in annos, 
 
 Dum senior fatis excidit aree deus. 
 Terra feros partus, immania monstra, Gigantas 35 
 
 Edidit, ausuroE in Jovis ire domum. 
 Mille manus illis dedit, et pro eruribus angues, 
 
 Atque ait, In magnos arma movete deos. 
 Exstruere lii montes ad sidera summa parabant, 
 
 Et magnum bello sollieitare Jovem. 40 
 
 Fuhnina de caeli jaeulatus Juppiter aree 
 
 Vertit in auctores pondera vasta suos. 
 His bene Majestas armis defensa deorum 
 
 Restat, et ex illo tempore eulta manet. 
 Assidet inde Jovi : Jovis est fidissima custos, 4 5 
 
 Et praestat sine vi seeptra tenere Jovi. 
 Venit et in terras : coluerunt Romulus illam 
 
 Et Numa, mox alii, tempore quisque suo. 
 Ilia patres in lionore pio matresque tuetur ; 
 
 Ilia eomes pueris virginibusque venit ; 50 
 
 Ilia dates fasees eommendat, eburque curule ; 
 
 Ilia eoronatis alta triumphat equis. 
 Finierat voees Polyhymnia : dicta probarunt 
 
 Clioque, et curvae seita Tlialia lyrae. — 
 Excipit Uranie : feeere silentia cunetae, 55 
 
 Et vox audiri nulla, nisi ilia, potest. 
 Magna fuit quondam capitis reverentia eani, 
 
 Inque suo pretio ruga senilis erat. 
 Martis opus juvenes animosaque bella gerebant, 
 
 Et pro dis aderant in statione suis. 60 
 
 Viribus ilia minor, nee liabendis utilis armis, 
 
 Consilio patriae saepe ferebat opem. 
 Nee nisi post annos patuit tunc Curia seros, 
 
 Nomen et aetatis mite Senatus erat. 
 Jura dabat populo senior ; finitaque certis 63 
 
 Legibus est aetas, unde petatur honos. 
 
92 FASTORUM 
 
 Et medius juvenum, non indignantibus ipsis, 
 
 Ibat, et interior, si comes unus erat. 
 Verba quis auderet coram sene digna rubore 
 
 Dicere ? censuram longa senecta dabat. 70 
 
 Romulus hoc vidit, selectaque pectora Patres 
 
 Dixit. Ad hos urbis summa relata novae. 
 Hinc sua majores posuisse vocabula Maio 
 
 Tangor, et aetati consuluisse suae. 
 Et Numitor dixisse potest, Da, Romule, mensem 75 
 
 Hunc senibus ! nee avum sustinuiss,e nepos. 
 Nee leve praepositi pignus successor honoris 
 
 Junius, a juvenum nomine dictus, adest. — 
 Tunc sic, neglectos hedera redimita capillos, 
 
 Prima sui coepit Calliopea chori : 80 
 
 Duxerat Oceanus quondam Titanida Tethyn, 
 
 Qui terram liquidis, qua patet, ambit aquis. 
 Hinc sata Pleione cum caelifero Atlante 
 
 Jungitur, ut fama est, Pleiadasque parit, 
 Quarum Maia suas forma superasse sorores S5 
 
 Traditur, et summo concubuisse Jovi. 
 Haec enixa jugo cupressiferae Cyllenes 
 
 Aetherium vokicri qui pede carpit iter. 
 Arcades hunc, Ladonque rapax, et Maenalon ingens 
 
 Rite colunt, Luna credita terra prior. 90 
 
 Exul ab Arcadia Latios Evander in agros 
 
 Venerat, impositos attuleratque deos. 
 Hie, ubi nunc Roma est orbis caput, arbor et herbae 
 
 Et paucae pecudes et casa rara fuit. 
 Quo postquam ventum est, Consistite ! praescia mater, 
 
 Nam locus imperii rus erit istud, ait. 96 
 
 Et matri et vati paret Nonacrius heros, 
 
 Inque peregrina constitit hospes humo. 
 Sacraque multa quidem, sed Fauni prima bicornis 
 
 Has docuit gentes, alipedisque dei. 100 
 
 Semicaper, coleris cinctutis, Faune, Lupercis, 
 
 Cum lustrant celebres vellera secta vias. 
 At tu materno donasti nomine mensem. 
 
 Inventor curvae, furibus apte, fidis. 
 Nee pietas haec prima tua est : septena putaris, 105 
 
 Pleiadum numerum, fila dedisse lyrae. 
 
LIBEK V. 93 
 
 Haec qiioque desierat ; laudata est voce sororum. 
 
 Quid faciam ? turbae pars habet omnis idem. 
 Gratia Pieridum nobis aequaliter assit, 
 
 NuUaque laudetur plusve miniisve mihi. i lo 
 
 KAL. 1st. 
 
 Ab Jove surgat opus. Prima mihi nocte videnda 
 
 Stella est in cunas officiosa Jovis. 
 Nascitur Oleniae signum pluviale Capellae ; 
 
 Ilia dati caelum praemia lactis babet. 
 Nais Amaltbea, Cretaea nobilis Ida, 115 
 
 Dicitur in silvis occuluisse Jovem. 
 Huic fuit liaedorum mater formosa duorum, 
 
 Inter Dictaeos conspicienda greges, 
 Cornibus aeriis atque in sua terga recurvis, 
 
 Ubere, quod nutrix posset habere Jovis. 120 
 
 Lac dabat ilia deo. Sed fregit in arbore cornu, 
 
 Truncaque dimidia parte decoris erat. 
 Sustulit hoc nymphe, cinxitque decentibus herbis, 
 
 Et plenum pomis ad Jovis ora tulit. 
 Ille, ubi res caeli tenuit solioque paterno 125 
 
 Sedit et invicto nil Jove majus erat, 
 Sidera nutricem, nutricis fertile cornu 
 
 Fecit ; quod dominae nunc quoque nomen habet. 
 
 Praestitibus Maiae Laribus videre Kalendae 
 
 Aram constitui signaque parva deum. 130 
 
 Vota erat ilia quidem Curibus ; sed multa vetustas 
 
 Destruit, et saxo longa senecta nocet. 
 Causa tamen positi fuerat cognominis illis, 
 
 Quod praestant oculis omnia tnta suis. 
 Stant quoque pro nobis et praesunt moenibus urbis, 135 
 
 Et sunt praesentes auxiliumque ferunt. 
 At canis ante pedes, saxo fabricatus eodera, . - 
 
 Stabat. Quae standi cum Lare causa fuit ? 
 Servat uterque domum ; domino quoque fidus uterque ; 
 
 Compita grata deo, compita grata cani ; 140 
 
 Exagitant et Lar et turba Diania fures ; 
 
 Pervigilantque Lares, pervigilantque canes. 
 Bina gemellorum quaerebam signa deorum, 
 
 Viribus annosae facta caduca morae : 
 
94 FASTORUM 
 
 Mille Lares, Geniumque ducis, qui tradidit illos, 145 
 
 Urbs liabet ; et vici numina trina colunt. 
 
 Quo feror? Augustus mensis milii carminis hujus 
 
 Jus habet ; interea Diva canenda Bona est. 
 Est moles nativa loco — res nomina fecit — 
 
 Appellant Saxum ; pars bona mentis ea est. 150 
 
 Huic Remus institerat frustra, quo tempore fratri 
 
 Prima Palatinae regna dedistis aves. 
 Templa Patres illic, oculos exosa viriles, 
 
 Leniter acclivi constituere jugo. 
 Dedicat baec veteris Clausorum nominis heres, 155 
 
 Virgineo nullum corpore passa virum. 
 Livia restituit, ne non imitata maritum 
 
 Esset, et ex omni parte secuta virum. 
 
 VI. NON. 2nd. 
 
 Postera cum roseam pulsis Hyperionis astris 
 
 In matutini^ lampada tollit equis, i6o 
 
 Frigidus Argestes summas mulcebit aristas, 
 
 Candidaque a capreis vela dabuntur aquis. 
 At simul inducunt obscura crepuscula noctem, 
 
 Pars Hyadum toto de grege nulla latet. 
 Ora micant Tauri septem radiantia flammis, i65 
 
 Navita quas Hyadas Grains ab imbre vocat. 
 Pars Bacclium nutrisse putat ; pars credidit esse 
 
 Tetbyos has neptes Oceanique senis. 
 Nondum stabat Atlas liumeros oneratus Olympo, 
 
 Cum satus est forma conspiciendus Hyas. 170 
 
 Hunc stirps Oceani maturis nixibus Aetlira 
 
 Edidit, et nymphas ; sed prior ortus Hyas. 
 Dum nova lanugo, pavidos formidine cervos 
 
 Terret et est illi praeda benigna lepus ; 
 At postquam virtus annis adolevit, in apros 175 
 
 Audet et hirsutas cominus ire feras. 
 Dumque petit latebras fetae catulosque leaenae, 
 
 Ipse fuit Libycae praeda cruenta ferae. 
 Mater Hyan, et Hyan maestae Severe sorores, 
 
 Cervicem que polo suppositurus Atlas; iso 
 
 Victus uterque parens tamen est pietate sororum. 
 
 Ilia dedit caelum ; nomina fecit Hyas. 
 
LIBER V. 95 
 
 V. NOK .3rd 
 
 Mater, acles, florum, ludis celebranda jocosis : 
 
 Distuleram partes mense priore tuas. 
 Incipis Aprili, transis in tempera Mail. 185 
 
 Alter te fugiens, cum venit alter liabet. 
 Cum tua sint cedantque tibi confinia mensum, 
 
 Convenit in laudes ille vel ille tuas. 
 Circus in hunc exit, clamataque palma tlieatris : 
 
 Hoc quoque cum Circi munere carmen eat. 1 90 
 
 Ipsa doce, cj[uae sis. Hominum sententia fallax, . 
 
 Optima tu proprii nominis auctor eris. 
 Sic ego. Sic nostris respondit diva rogatis : 
 
 — Dum loquitur vernas efflat ab ore rosas — 
 Cbloris eram, quae Flora vocor. Corrupta Latino 195 
 
 Nominis est nostri littera Graeca sono. 
 Cliloris eram nymplie Campi Felicis, ubi audis 
 
 Rem fortunatis ante fuisse viris. 
 Quae fuerit milii foraia, grave est narrare modestae ; 
 
 Sed generum matri repperit ilia deum. 200 
 
 Ver erat, errabam ; Zepliyrus conspexit, abibam ; 
 
 Insequitur, fugio ; Fortior ille fuit, 
 Et dederat fratri Boreas jus omne rapinae, 
 
 Ausus Ereclithea praemia ferre domo. 
 Vim tamen emendat dando milii nomina nuptae ; 205 
 
 Inque meo non est ulla querela tore, 
 Vere fnior semper ; semper nitidissimus annus : 
 
 Arbor habet frondes, pabula semper humus. 
 Est mihi fecundus dotalibus hortus in agris ; 
 
 Aura fovet, liquidae fonte rigatur aquae. 210 
 
 Hunc mens implevit generoso flore maritus, 
 
 Atque ait, Arbitrium tu, dea, floris liabe. 
 Saepe ego digestos volui numerare colores, 
 
 Nee potui ; numero copia major erat. 
 Roscida cum primum foliis excussa pruina est, 215 
 
 Et variae radiis intepuere comae, 
 Conveniunt pictis incinctae vestibus Horae, 
 
 Inque leves calatlios munera nostra legunt. 
 Protinus accedunt Charites, nectuntque coronas, 
 
 Sertaque caelestes implicitura comas. 220 
 
96 FASTORUM 
 
 Prima per immensas sparsi nova semina gentes ; 
 
 Unius tellus ante coloris erat. 
 Prima Tlierapnaeo feci de sanguine iiorem ; 
 
 Et manet in folio scripta querela suo. 
 Tu quoque nomen liabes cultos, Narcisse, per liortos, 
 
 Infelix, quod non alter et alter eras ! 226 
 
 Quid Crocon, aut Attin referam, Cinyraque creatum, 
 
 De quorum per me vulnere surgit honor? 
 Mars quoque, si nescis, per nostras editus artes. 
 
 Juppiter hoc ut adhuc nesciat, usque precor. 230 
 
 Sancta Jovem Juno, nata sine matre Minerva, 
 
 Officio doluit non eguisse suo. 
 Ibat, ut Oceano quereretur furta mariti : 
 
 Restitit ad nostras fessa labore fores. 
 Quam simul aspexi. Quid te, Saturnia, dixi, 235 
 
 Attulit ? Exponit, quem petat ilia locum : 
 Addidit et causam. Verbis solabar amicis. 
 
 Non, inquit, verbis cura levanda mea est. 
 Si pater est factus negleeto conjugis usu 
 
 Juppiter, et solus nomen utrumque tenet, 240 
 
 Cur ego desperem fieri sine conjuge mater, 
 
 Et parere intacto, dummodo casta, viro ? 
 Omnia tentabo latis medicamina terris, 
 
 Et freta Tartareos excutiamque sinus. 
 Vox erat in cursu : vultum dubitantis habebam. 245 
 
 Nescio quid, nymphe, posse videris, ait. 
 Ter volui promittere opem, ter lingua retenta est : 
 
 Ira Jovis magni causa timoris erat. 
 Per, precor, auxilium, dixit ; celabitur auctor : 
 
 Et Stygiae numen testificatur aquae 250 
 
 Quod petis, Oleniis, inquam, mihi missus ab arvis 
 
 Flos dabit. Est hortis unicus ille meis. 
 Qui dabat. Hoc, dixit, sterilem quoque tange juvencam ; 
 
 Mater erit. Tetigi ; nee mora, mater erat. 
 Protinus haerentem decerpsi pollice florem. 255 
 
 Tangitur ; et tacto concipit ilia sinu. 
 Jam que gravis Thracen et laeva Propontidos intrat, 
 
 Pitque potens voti ; Marsque creatus erat ; 
 Qui memor accepti per me natalis, Habeto 
 
 Tu quoque Romulea, dixit, in urbe locum. 260 
 
LIBER V. 97 
 
 Forsitan in teneris tantum mea regna coronis 
 
 Esse putes ; tangit numen et arva meiini. 
 Si bene floruerint segetes, erit area dives ; 
 
 Si bene floruerit vinea, Baccbus erit ; 
 Si bene floruerint oleae, nitidissimus annus, 265 
 
 Poma quoque eventum temporis bujus babent. 
 Flore semel laeso pereunt viciacque fabaeque, 
 
 Et pereunt lentes, advena Nile, tuae. 
 Vina quoque in magnis operose condita cellis 
 
 Florent, et nebulae dolia summa tegunt. 270 
 
 Mella meum munus. Volucres ego mella daturas 
 
 Ad violam, et cytisos, et thyma cana voce, 
 Nos quoque idem facimus tunc, cum juvenilibus annis 
 
 Luxuriant animi corporaque ipsa vigent. — 
 Talia dicentem tacitus mirabar. At ilia, 275 
 
 Jus tibi discendi, si qua requiris, ait. 
 Die, dea, respondi, ludorum quae sit origo. 
 
 Vix bene desieram ; rettulit ilia mibi. 
 Caetera luxuriae nondum instrumenta vigebant : 
 
 Aut pecus, aut latam dives babebat bumum ; 280 
 
 Hinc etiam locuples, bine ipsa pecu7iia dicta est. 
 
 Sed jam de vetito quisque parabat opes : 
 Venerat in morem populi depascere saltus ; 
 
 Idque diu licuit, poenaque nulla fuit. 
 Yindice servabat nvdlo sua publica vulgus ; 28 5 
 
 Jamque in private pascere inertis erat. 
 Plebis ad aediles perducta licentia talis 
 
 Publicios : animus defuit ante viris. 
 Rem poprdus recipit : mulctam subiere nocentes ; 
 
 Vindicibiis laudi publica cura fuit. 290 
 
 Mulcta data est ex parte mibi ; magnoque favore 
 
 Victores ludos instituere novos. 
 Parte locant clivum, qui tunc erat ardua rupes. 
 Utile nunc iter est, Publiciumque vocant. — 
 Annua credideram spectacula facta ; negavit : 295 
 
 Addidit et dictis altera verba suis. 
 Nos quoque tangit bonor festis gaudemus et aris, 
 
 Turbaque caelestes ambitiosa sumus. 
 Saepe deos aliquis peccando fecit iniquos, 
 
 Et pro delictis bostia blanda fuit. 300 
 
.98 TASTOKUM 
 
 Saepe Jovem vidi, cum jam sua mittere vellet 
 
 Fulmina, tliure clato susti'nuisse manum. 
 At si neg'ligimur, magnis injuria poenis 
 
 Solvitur et justum praeterit ira modum. 
 Respice Tliestiaden ; flammis absentibus arsit. 305 
 
 Causa est, quod Phoebes ara sine igne fuit. 
 Respice Tantaliden ; eadem dea vela tenebat. 
 
 Virgo est, et spretos bis tamen ulta focos. 
 Hippolyte infelix, velles coluisse Dionen _ 
 
 Cum consternatis deripereris equis. 310 
 
 Longa referre mora est correcta oblivia damnis. 
 
 Me quoque Romani praeteriere patres. 
 Quid facerem ? per quod fierem manifesta doloris ? 
 
 Exigerem nostrae qualia damna notae ? 
 Excidit officium tristi mihi. Nulla tuebar 315 
 
 Rura, nee in pretio fertilis liortus erat. 
 Lilia deciderant ; violas arere videres, 
 
 Filaque punicei languida facta croci. 
 Saepe milii Zephyrus, Dotes corrumpere noli 
 
 Ipsa tuas, dixit. Dos mihi vilis erat. 320 
 
 Florebant oleae ; venti nocuere protervi. 
 
 Florebant segetes ; grandine laesa Ceres. 
 In spe vitis erat ; caelum nigrescit ab Austris, 
 
 Et subita frondes decutiuntur aqua. 
 Nee volui fieri, nee sum crudelis in ira : 3-25 
 
 Cura repellendi sed mihi nulla fuit. 
 Convenere Patres, et, si bene floreat annus, 
 
 Numinibus nostris annua festa vovent. 
 Annuimus veto. Consul cum consule ludos 
 
 Postumio Laenas persoluere mihi. — 330 
 
 Quaerere conabar, quare lascivia major 
 
 His foret in ludis, liberiorque jocus : 
 Sed mihi succurrit, numen non esse severum, 
 
 Aptaque deliciis munera ferre deam. 
 Tempera sutilibus cinguntur pota coronis, 335 
 
 Et latet injecta splendida mensa rosa. 
 Ebrius incinctis philyra conviva capillis 
 
 Saltat, et imprudens utitur arte meri. 
 Ebrius ad dumm formosae limen amicae 
 
 Cantat : habent unctae mollia serta comae. 340 
 
LIBER V. 9.9 
 
 Nulla coronata peragamtui- seria fronte ; 
 
 Nee liquidae vinctis flore bibuntur aquae. 
 Donee eras mixtus nullis, Aclieloe, raeemis, 
 
 Gratia sumendae non erat ulla rosae. 
 Baecluis amat ilores : Baeclio placuisse coronam, 345 
 
 Ex Ariadnaeo sidere nosse potes. 
 Scena levis decet banc : non est, milii credite, non est 
 
 Ilia cotburnatas inter babenda deas. 
 Turba quidem cur bos celebret meretricia ludos, 
 
 Non ex difficili eausa petita subest. 350 
 
 Non est de tetricis, non est de magna professis : 
 
 Vult sua plebeio sacra patere eboro ; 
 Et monet aetatis specie, dum floreat, uti, 
 
 Contemni spinam, cum ceeidere rosae. 
 Cur tamen, ut dantur vestes Cerealibus albae, 355 
 
 Sie est baec eultu versicolore decens ? 
 An quia maturis albeseit niessis aristis, 
 
 Et color et species floribus omnis in est ? 
 Annul t ; et metis flores ceeidere eapillis, 
 
 Accidere in mensas ut rosa missa solet. 3G0 
 
 Lumina restabant, quorum me causa latebat, 
 
 Cum sic errores abstulit ilia meos : 
 Vel quia purpureis collucent floribus agri, 
 
 Lumina sunt nostros visa deeere dies ; 
 Vel quia nee flos est bebeti, nee flamma, coloi'e, 365 
 
 Atque oculos in se splendor uterque trabit ; 
 Vel quia deliciis noeturna lieentia nostris 
 
 Convenit. A vero tertia eausa venit. 
 Est breve praeterea, de quo mibi quaerere restat, 
 
 Si lieeat, dixi. Dixit et ilia, Licet. 370 
 
 Cur tibi pro Libycis clauduntur rete leaenis 
 
 Imbelles capreae, sollicitusque lepus ? 
 Non sibi, respondit, silvas cessisse, sed liortos, 
 
 Arvaque pugnaci non adeunda ferae. 
 Omnia finierat, tenues secessit in auras, 375 
 
 Mansit odor, posses scire fuisse deam. 
 Floreat ut toto carmen Nasonis in aevo, 
 
 Sparge, preeor, donis peetora nostra tuis. — 
 
 r2 
 
1 00 FASTORUM 
 
 Nocte minus qiiarta promet sua sidera Chiron 
 
 Semivir et flavi corpore mixtus equi. 380 
 
 Pel ion Haemoniae mons est ob versus in Austros ; 
 
 Summa virent pinu, cetera quercus habet. 
 Pliillyrides tenuit. Saxo stant antra vetusto. 
 
 Quae justum memorant incoluisse senem. 
 Ille manus, olim missuras Hectora leto, 3S5 
 
 Creditur in lyricis detinuisse modis. 
 Venerat Alcides exhausta parte laborum, 
 
 Jussaque restabant ultima pene viro. 
 Stare simul casu Trojae duo fata videres : 
 
 Hinc puer Aeacides, bine Jove natus erat. 390 
 
 Excipit bospitio juvenem Philyreius beros ; 
 
 Et causam adventus bic rogat, ille docet. 
 Perspicit interea clavam spoliumque leonis, 
 
 Virque ait, bis armis, armaque digna viro ! 
 Nee se, quin borrens auderent tangere setis 395 
 
 Vellus, Acbilleae continuere manus. 
 Dumque senex tractat squalentia tela venenis, 
 
 Excidit et laevo fixa sagitta pede est. 
 Ingemuit Cbiron traxitque e corpore ferrum ; 
 
 JEt gemit Alcides, Haemoniusque puer. 400 
 
 I]ise tamen lectas Pagasaeis collibus berbas 
 
 Temperat et varia vulnera mulcet ope. 
 Virus edax superabat opem penitusque recepta 
 
 Ossibus et toto corpore pestis erat. 
 Sanguine Centauri Lernaeae sanguis Ecbidnae . 405 
 
 Mixtus ad auxilium tempora nulla dabat. 
 Stabat, ut ante patrem, lacrimis perfusus Acbilles : 
 
 Sic fle.ndus Peleus, si moreretur, erat. 
 Saepe manus aegras manibus fingebat amicis ; 
 
 Morum, quos fecit, praemia doctor babet. 410 
 
 Oscula saepe dedit ; dixit quoque saepe jacenti : 
 
 Vive, precor, nee me care relinque pater ! 
 Nona dies aderat cum tu, justissime Cbiron, / 
 
 Bis septem stellis corpora cinctus eras. 
 
 III. NON. 5th. 
 
 Hunc Lyra curva sequi cuperet ; sed idonea nondum 4 1 5 
 
 Est via. Nox aptum tertia tempus erit. 
 
101 
 
 PR. NON. 6th. 
 
 Scorpios in caelo, cum eras liicescere Nonas 
 Dicimus, a media parte notandus erit. 
 
 VII. ID. 9th. 
 
 Hinc ubi protulerit formosa ter Hesperus ora, 
 
 Ter dederint Phoebo sidera victa locum, 420 
 
 Ritus erit veteris, nocturna Lemuria, sacri : 
 
 Inferias tacitis Manibus ilia dabunt. 
 Annus erat brevior, nee adhuc pia februa norant 
 
 Nee tu dux mensum, Jane biformis, eras. 
 Jam tamen extincto eineri sua dona ferebant, 4 25 
 
 Compositique nepos busta piabat avi. 
 Mensis erat Mains, majorum nomine dictus. 
 
 Qui partem prisci nunc quoque moris habet. 
 Nox ubi jam media est somnoque silentia praebet 
 
 Et canis et variae conticuistis aves ; 430 
 
 Ille memor veteris ritus timidusque deorum 
 
 Surgit — habent gemini vincula nulla pedes — 
 Signaque dat, digitis medio cum pollice junctis, 
 
 Occurrat tacito ne levis umbra sibi ; 
 Cumque manus puras fontana perluit unda, 435 
 
 Vertitur et nigras accipit ore fabas 
 Aversusque jacit ; sed dum jacit, Hac ego mitto ; 
 
 His, inquit, redimo meque'meosque fabis. 
 Hoc novies dicit, nee respicit. Umbra putatur 
 
 CoUigere, et nullo terga vidente sequi. 440 
 
 Rursus aquam tangit, Temesaeaque eoncrepat aera, 
 
 Et rogat, ut tectis exeat umbra suis. 
 Cum dixit novies. Manes exite paterni ! 
 
 Respicit, et pure sacra peracta putat. — 
 Dicta sit undo dies, quae nominis exstet origo, 445 
 
 Me fugit. Ex aliquo est invenienda deo. 
 Pleiade nate, mone, virga venerande potenti : 
 
 Saepe tibi Stygii reigia visa Jovis. 
 Venit adoratus Caducifer. Accipe causam 
 
 Nominis ; ex ipso cognita causa deo est. 450 
 
 Romulus ut tumulo fraternas condidit umbras, 
 
 Et male veloci justa soluta Remo, 
 f3 
 
102 FASTOEUM 
 
 Faustulus infelix, et passis Acca capillis 
 
 Spargebant lacrimis ossa perusta suis. 
 Inde domum redeunt sub prima crepuscula maesti, 455 
 
 Utque erat, in duro procubiiere toro. 
 Umbra cruenta Remi visa est assistere lecto, 
 
 Atque baec exiguo miirmure verba loqui : 
 En ego dimidium vestri parsque altera voti 
 
 Cernite sim qualis ! qui mode qualis eram ! 460 
 
 Qui modo, si volucres habuissem regna jubentes, 
 
 In populo potui maximus esse meo. 
 Nunc elapsa rogi flammis et inanis imago. 
 
 Haec est ex illo forma relicta Remo. 
 Heu ! ubi Mars pater est ! si vos modo vera locuti, 465 
 
 Uberaque expositis ille ferina dedit. 
 Quern lupa servavit, manus liunc temeraria civis 
 
 Perdidit. quanto mitior ilia fuit ! 
 Saeve Celer, crudelem animam per vulnera reddas, 
 
 Utque ego, sub terras sanguinolentus eas! 470 
 
 Noluit hoc frater ; pietas aequalis in illo est. 
 
 Quod potuit, lacrimas manibus ille dedit. 
 Hunc vos per lacrimas, per vestra alimenta rogate, 
 
 Ut celebrem nostro signet honore diem. 
 Mandantem amplecti cupiunt et bracbia tendunt ; 475 
 
 Lubrica prensantes eifugit umbra manus. 
 Ut secum fugiens somnos abduxit imago, 
 
 Ad regem voces fratris uterque ferunt. 
 Romulus obsequitur, lucemque Remuria dixit 
 
 Illam, qua positis justa feruntur avis. 480 
 
 Aspera mutata est in levem tempore longo 
 
 Littera, quae toto nomine prima fuit. 
 Mox etiam Lemures animas dixere silentum ; 
 
 Hie sensus verbi, vis ea vocis erat. — ■ 
 Fana tamen veteres illis clausere diebus, 485 
 
 Ut nunc ferali tempore operta vides. 
 Nee viduae taedis eadem, nee virginis apta 
 
 Tempera ; quae nupsit, non diuturna fuit. 
 Hac quoque de causa, si te proverbia tangunt, 
 
 Mense malas Maio nubere vulgus ait. 490 
 
 Sed tamen liaec tria sunt sub eodem tempore festa 
 
 Inter se nulla continuata die. 
 
103 
 
 10th. 
 
 Quorum si mecliis Boeoton Oriona quaeres, 
 
 Falsus eris. Signi causa canenda mihi. 
 Juppiter et, lato qui regnat in aequore, frater 495 
 
 Carpebant socias Mercuriusque vias. 
 Tempus erat quo versa jug-o referuntur aratra 
 
 Et pronus saturae lac bibit agnus ovis. 
 Forte senex Hyrieus, angusti cultor agelli, 
 
 Hos videt, exiguam stabat ut ante casam. 500 
 
 Atque ita, Longa via est nee tempera longa supersunt, 
 
 Dixit, et hospitibus janua nostra patet. 
 Addidit et vultum verbis, iterumque, rogavit. 
 
 Parent promissis, dissimulantque deos. 
 Tecta senis subeunt nigro deformia fumo ; 505 
 
 Ignis in hesterno stipite parvus erat. 
 Ipse genu nixus flammas exsuscitat aura, 
 
 Et promit quassas comminuitque faces. 
 Stant calices : minor inde fabas, olus alter habebat, 
 
 Et spumant testu pressus uterque suo. 510 
 
 Dumque mora est, tremula dat vina rubentia dextra. 
 
 Accipit aequoreus pocula prima deus. 
 Quae simul exhausit, Da, nunc bibat ordine, dixit, 
 
 Juppiter. Audito palluit ille Jove. 
 Ut rediit animus, cultorem pauperis agri 5I5 
 
 Immolat et magno torret in igne bovem ; 
 Quaeque puer quondam primis diffuderat annis, 
 
 Promit fumoso condita vina cado. 
 Nee mora, flmnineam lino celantibus ulvam, 
 
 Sic quoque non altis, incubuere toris. 520 
 
 Nunc dape, nunc posito mensae nituere Lyaeo. 
 
 Terra rubens crater, pocula fagus erant. 
 Verba fuere Jovis : Si quid fert impetus, ora : 
 
 Omne feres. Placidi verba fuere senis : 
 Cara fuit conjunx, prima milii cura juventa 525 
 
 Cognita. Nunc ubi sit, quaeritis ? urna tegit, 
 Huic ego juratus, vobis in verba vocatis, 
 
 Conjugio dixi sola fruere meo. 
 Et dixi, et servo, sed enim di versa voluntas 
 
 Est mihi: nee conjunx, sed pater esse volo, 530 
 
 F 4 
 
lOJr FASTORUM 
 
 Annuerant omnes ; oranes ad terga jiivenci 
 
 Constiterant : pudor est ulteriora loqui. 
 Turn superinjecta texere madentia terra. 
 
 Jam que decern menses, et puer ortus erat. 
 Hunc Hyrieus, quia sic genitus, vocat Uriona : 535 
 
 Perdidit antiquum littera prima sonum. 
 Creverat immensum ; comitem sibi Delia sumpsit ; 
 
 Ille deae custos, ille satelles erat. 
 Verba movent iras non circumspecta deorum. 
 
 Quara nequeam, dixit, vincere, nulla fera est. 540 
 
 Scorpion immisit Tellus. Fuit impetus illi 
 
 Curva gemelliparae spicula ferre deae. 
 Obstitit Orion. Latona nitentibus astris 
 
 Addidit, et, Meriti praemia, dixit, habe. 
 
 IV. ID. 12th. 
 
 Sed quid et Orion et caetera sidera mundo 545 
 
 Cedere festinant, noxque coarctat iter ? 
 Quid solito citius liquido jubar aequore tollit 
 
 Candida, lucifero praeveniente, dies ? 
 Tailor, an arma sonant ? Non fallimur arma sonabant ; 
 
 Mars venit, et veniens bellica signa dedit. 550 
 
 Ultor ad ipse sues caelo descendit bonores, 
 
 Templaque in Augusto conspicienda Foro. 
 Et deus est ingens, et opus. Debebat in urbe 
 
 Non alitor nati Mars babitare sui. 
 Digna Giganteis haec sunt delubra tropaeis : 555 
 
 Hinc fera Gradivum bella movere decet ; 
 Seu quis ab Eoo nos impius orbe lacesset, 
 
 Seu quis ab occiduo sole domandus erit. 
 Perspicit armipotens operis fastigia summi, 
 
 Et probat invictos summa tenere deos. 560 
 
 Perspicit in foribus diversae tela figurae, 
 
 Armaque terrarum milite victa suo. 
 Hinc videt Aenean oneratum pondere caro, 
 
 Et tot luleae nobilitatis avos. 
 Hinc videt Iliaden buraeris ducis arma ferentem, 565 
 
 Claraque dispositis acta subesse viris. 
 Spectat et Augusto praetextum nomine templum : 
 
 Et visum, lecto Caesare, majus opus. 
 
LIBER V. 105 
 
 Voverat hoc juvenis tunc, cum pia sustulit arma, 
 
 A tantis Princeps incipiendus erat. 570 
 
 Ille manus tendens, liinc stanti milite jiisto, 
 
 Hinc conjuratiSj talia dicta dedit : 
 Si milii bellandi pater est Vestaeque sacerdos 
 
 Aiictor, et ulcisci numen utrumque paro, 
 Mars, ades, et satia scelerato sanguine ferrum ; 575 
 
 Stetque favor causa pro meliore tuus. 
 Templa feres, et me vi-ctore vocaberis Ultor. 
 
 Voverat, et fliso laetus ab boste redit. 
 Nee satis est meruisse semel cognomina Marti ; 
 
 Persequitur Parthi signa retenta manu. 5S0 
 
 Gens fuit et campis et equis et tuta sagittis, 
 
 Et circumfusis invia fluminibus. 
 Addiderant animos Crassorum funera genti, 
 
 Cum periit miles signaque duxque simul. 
 Signa, decus belli, Partbus Romana tenebat, 585 
 
 Romanaeque aquilae signifer hostis erat. 
 Isque pudor mansisset adbuc, nisi fortibus armis 
 
 Caesaris Ausoniae protegerentur opes. 
 Ille notas veteres, et longi dedecus aevi 
 
 Sustulit : agnorunt signa recepta sues. 590 
 
 Quid tibi nunc solitae mitti post terga sagittae. 
 
 Quid loca, quid rapidi profuit usus equi ? 
 Parthe, refers aquilas : victos quoque porrigis arcus. 
 
 Pignora jam nostri nulla pucloris babes. 
 Rite deo templumque datum nomenque bis ulto, 595 
 
 Et meritus voti debita solvit honor. 
 Sollemnes ludos Circo celebrate, Quirites : 
 
 Non visa est fortem scena decere deum. 
 III. ID. 1.3th. 
 
 Pleiadas aspicies omnes, totumque sororum 
 
 Agmen, ubi ante Idus nox erit una super. 600 
 
 Tum mihi non dubiis auctoribus incipit aestas, 
 
 Et tepidi finem tempora veris habent. 
 
 PR. ID. 1 4th. 
 
 Idibus ora prior stellantia tollere Taurum 
 
 Indicat : huic signo fabula nota subest. 
 Praebuit, ut taurus, Tyriae sua terga puellae 605 
 
 Juppiter, et falsa cornua fronte tulit ; 
 r 5 
 
106 FASTORUM 
 
 Ilia jubam dextra, laeva retinebat amictus ; 
 
 Et timor ipse novi causa decoris erat. 
 Aura sinus implet ; flavos movet aura capillos : 
 
 Sidoni, sic fueras aspicienda Jovi. 6io 
 
 Saepe puellares subduxit ab aequore plantas, 
 
 Et metuit tactus assilientis aquae ; 
 Saepe deus prudens tergum demittit in undas. 
 
 Haereat ut collo fortius ilia suo. 
 Litoribus tactis stabat sine cornibus ullis 615 
 
 Juppiter, inque deum de bove versus erat. 
 Taurus init caelum : te, Sidoni, Juppiter implet, 
 
 Parsque tuum terrae tertia nomen habet. 
 Hoc alii signum Phariam dixere juvencam, 
 
 Quae bos ex liomine est, ex bove facta dea. 620 
 
 Tum quoque priscorum virgo simulacra viroium 
 
 Mittere roboreo scirpea ponte solet. 
 Corpora post decies senos qui credidit annos 
 
 Missa neci, sceleris crimine damnat avos. 
 Fama vetus, tunc cum Saturnia terra vocata est, 625 
 
 Talia fatidici dicta fuere senis : 
 Falcifero libata seni duo corpora, gentes, 
 
 Mittite, quae Tuscis excipiantur aquis : 
 Donee in haec venit Tiryntliius arva, quotannis 
 
 Tristia Leucadio sacra peracta modo : 630 
 
 Ilium stramineos in aquam misisse Quirites ; 
 
 Herculis exemplo corpora falsa jaci. 
 Pars putat, ut ferrent juveues suifragia soli, 
 
 Pontibus infirmos praecipitasse senes. 
 Tibri, doce verum : tua ripa vetustior urbe ; 635 
 
 Principium ritus tu bene nosse potes. 
 Tibris arundiferum medio caput extulit alveo, 
 
 Raucaque dimovit talibus ora sonis : 
 Haec loca desertas vidi sine moenibus lierbas : 
 
 Pascebat sparsos utraque ripa boves. 640 
 
 Et quern nunc gentes Tiberin noruntque timentque. 
 
 Tunc etiam pecori despiciendus erani. 
 Arcadis Evandri nomen tibi saepe refertur : 
 
 Ille meas remis advena torsit aquas. 
 
LIBER V. 107 
 
 Venit et Alcides, turba comitatus Acliiva. 645 
 
 Albula, si memini, tunc milii nomen erat. 
 Excipit liospitio juvenem Pallantius lieros : 
 
 Et tandem Caco debita poena venit. 
 Victor abit, secumque boves, Erytheida praedam, 
 
 Abstrabit. At comites longius ire negant : 650 
 
 Mag'naque pars horuni desertis venerat Argis. 
 
 Montibus his ponunt spemque Laremque suum ; 
 Saepe tamen patriae dulci tanguntur amore, 
 
 Atque aliquis morions hoc breve mandat opus : 
 Mittite me Tiberi, Tiberinis vectus ut undis 655 
 
 Litus ad Inacbiura pulvis inanis eam. 
 Displicet lieredi mandati cura sepulcri : 
 
 Mortuus Ausonia conditur bospes bumo ; 
 Scirpea pro domino Tiberi jactatur imago, 
 
 Ut repetat Graias per freta longa domes. 660 
 
 Hactenus, et vivo subiit rorantia saxo 
 
 Antra : leves cursum sustinuistis aquae. 
 
 ID. ] OTH. 
 
 Clare nepos Atlantis, ades ! quem montibus olim 
 
 Edidit Arcadiis Plei'as una Jovi. 
 Pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum 665 
 
 Arbiter, alato qui pede carjDis iter ; 
 Laete lyrae pulsu, nitida quoque laete palaestra, 
 
 Quo didicit culte lingua favente loqui. 
 Templa tibi posuere patres spectantia Circum 
 
 Idibus. Ex illo est baec tibi festa dies. 670 
 
 Te, quicumque suas profitentur vendere merces, 
 
 Thure date, tribuas ut sibi lucra rogant. 
 Est aqua Mercurii portae vicina Capenae : 
 
 Si juvat expertis credere, numen babet. 
 Hue venit incinctus tunicam mercator, et urna 675 
 
 Purus suffita, quam ferat, haurit aquam. 
 Uda fit bine launis ; lauro sparguntur ab uda 
 
 Omnia, quae dominos sunt habitura novos. 
 Spargit et ipse sues lauro rorante capillos, 
 
 Et peragit solita fallere voce preces. 680 
 
 Ablue praeteriti perjuria temporis, inquit, 
 
 Ablue praeterita perfida verba die. 
 f6 
 
108 FASTORUM 
 
 Sive ego te feci testem, falsove citavi 
 
 Noil audituri numina magna Jovis ; 
 Sive deum prudens alium divamve fefelli, 685 
 
 Abstulerint celeres improba verba Noti. 
 Et pateant veiiiente die perjuria nobis, 
 
 Nee curent superi, si qua locutus ero. 
 Da modo lucra milii, da facto gaudia lucre, 
 
 Et face, ut emptori verba dedisse juvet. 690 
 
 Talia Mercurius poscentes ridet ab alto, 
 
 Se memor Ortygias surripuisse boves. 
 
 XIII. KAL. 20th. 
 
 At mibi pande, precor, tanto meliora petenti. 
 
 In Greminos ex quo tempore Phoebus eat. 
 Cum totidem de mense dies superesse videbis, 695 
 
 Quot sunt Herculei facta laboris, ait. 
 Die, ego respondi, causam milii sideris liujus. 
 
 Causam facundo reddidit ore deus. 
 Abstiilerant raptas Phoeben Plioebesque soroi:em 
 
 Tyndaridae fratres, hie eques, ille pngil. 700 
 
 Bella parant, repetuntque suas et frater et Idas, 
 
 Leucippo fieri pactus uterque gener. 
 His amor, ut repetant, illis, ut reddere nolint, '■ 
 
 Suadet, et ex causa pugnat uterque pari. 
 Eftugere Oebalidae cursu potuere sequentes ; 705 
 
 Sed visum celeri vincere turpe fuga. 
 Liber ab arboribus locus est, apta area pugnae. 
 
 Constiterant illic : nomen Aphidna loco. 
 Pectora trajectus Lynceo Castor ab ense 
 
 Non exspectato ^^Lllnere pressit humum. 710 
 
 Ultor adest Pollux, et Lyncea perforat hasta, 
 
 Qua cervix humeros continuata premit. 
 Ibat in hunc Idas, vixque est Jovis igne repulsus ; 
 
 Tela tamen dextrae fulmine rapta negant. 
 Jamque tibi caelum, Pollux, sublime patebat, 715 
 
 Cum, Mea, dixisti, percipe verba, Pater. 
 Quod mihi das uni caelum, partire duobus ; 
 
 Dimidium toto munere majus erit. 
 Dixit, et alterna fratrem statione redemit : 
 
 Utile sollicitae sidus uterque rati. 720 
 
LIBEK VI. 109 
 
 XII. KAL. 21ST. 
 
 Ad Janum redeat, qui quaerit, Agonia quid sint ; 
 Quae tamen in fastis hoc quoque tempus liabent. 
 XI. KAL. 22nd. 
 
 Nocte sequente diem canis Erigonems exit ; 
 Est alio signi reddita causa loco. 
 
 X. KAL. 28rd. 
 
 Proxima Vulcani lux est, Tubilustria dicunt ; 725 
 
 Lustrantur purae, quas facit ille tubae. 
 
 IX. KAL. 24th. 
 
 Quattuor inde notis locus est quibus ordine lectis 
 Vel mos sacrorum, vel Fuga Regis inest. 
 VIII. KAL. 25th. 
 
 Nee te praetereo, populi Fortuna potentis 
 
 Publica, cui templum luce sequente datum. 730 
 
 Hanc ubi dives aquis acceperit Ampliitrite, 
 Grata Jovi fulvae rostra videbis avis. 
 
 viL KAL. 26th. 
 
 Auferat ex oculis veniens Aurora Booten, 
 Continuaque die sidus Hyantis erit. 
 
 LIBER VI. 
 
 Hie quoque mensis habet dubias in nomine causas 
 
 Quae placeant, positis omnibus, ipse leges. 
 Facta canam, seel erunt qui me finxisse loquantur, 
 
 Nullaque mortali numina visa putent. 
 Est deus in nobis, agitante calescimus illo ; 
 
 Impetus bic sacrae semina mentis liabet. 
 Fas mibi praecipue vultus vidisse deorum ; 
 
 Vel quia sum vates ; vel quia sacra cano. 
 Est nemus arboribus densum, secretus ab omni 
 
 Voce locus, si non obstreperetur aquis. 
 Hie ego quaerebam, coepti quae mensis origo 
 
 Esset, et in cura nominis liujus eram. 
 Ecce deas vidi : non quas praeceptor arandi 
 
 Viderat, Ascraeas cum sequeretur oves ; 
 
110 FASTORUM 
 
 Nec quas Priamides in aquosae vallibus Idae 
 
 Contulit ; ex illis sed tamen una fuit. 
 Ex illis fuit una, sui germana mariti : 
 
 Haec erat, agnovi, quae stat in arce Jovis. 
 HoiTueram tacitoque animum pallore fatebar, 
 
 Cum dea, quos fecit, sustulit ipsa metus : 
 Namque, ait, vates, Romani conditor anni, 
 
 Ause per exiguos magna referre modes, 
 Jus tibi fecisti numen caeleste videndi, 
 
 Cum placuit numeris condere festa tuis. 
 Ne tamen ignores, vulgique errore traharis, 
 
 Junius a nostro nomine nomen habet. 
 Est aliquid nupsisse Jovi, Jovis esse sororem. 
 
 Fratre magis, dubito, giorier anne viro. 
 Si genus aspicitur, Saturnum prima parent em 
 
 Feci ; Saturni sors ego prima fui. 
 A patre dicta meo quondam Saturnia Roma est ; 
 
 Haec illi a caelo proxima terra fuit. 
 Si torus in pretio est, dicor matrona Tonantis, 
 
 Junctaque Tarpeio sunt mea templa Jovi. 
 An potuit Maio pellex dare nomina mensi, 
 
 Hie honor in nobis invidiosus erit ? 
 Cur igitur regina vocor, princepsque dearum ? 
 
 Aurea cur dextrae sceptra dedere meae ? 
 An facient mensem luces, Lucinaque ab illis 
 
 Dicar, et a nullo nomina mense traham ? 
 Tum me poeniteat posuisse fideliter iras 
 
 In genus Electrae Dardaniamque domum. 
 Causa duplex irae : rapto Granymede dolebam. 
 
 Forma quoque Idaeo judice victa mea est. 
 Poeniteat, quod non foveo Cartliaginis arces, 
 
 Cum mea sint illo currus et arma loco. 
 Poeniteat Sparten Argosque measque Mycenas 
 
 Et veterem Latio supposuisse Samon. 
 Adde senem Tatium Junonicolasque Faliscos, 
 
 Quos ego Romanis succubuisse tuli. 
 Sed neque poeniteat, nee gens milii carior ulla est ; 
 
 Hie colar, liic teneam cum Jove templa meo. 
 Ipse mihi Mavors, Commendo moenia, dixit, 
 
 Haec tibi ; tu pollens urbe nepotis eris. 
 
LIBER VI. Ill 
 
 Dicta fides sequitur : centum celelbramur in aris, 55 
 
 Nee levior quovis est milii mensis honor. 
 Nee tamen hunc nobis tantummodo praestat honorem 
 
 Roma : suburbani dant mihi munus idem. 
 In spice quos habeat nem oralis Aricia fastos 
 
 Et populus Laurens Lanuviumque meum ; 60 
 
 Est illic mensis Junonius. Inspice Tibur 
 
 Et Praenestinae moenia sacra deae ; 
 Junonale leges tempus. Nee Romulus illas 
 
 Condidit ; at nostri Roma nepotis erat. — 
 Finierat Juno : respeximus ; Herculis uxor 65 
 
 Stabat et in voltu sigiia dolentis erant. 
 Non ego, si toto mater me cedere caelo 
 
 Jusserit, invita matre morabor, ait. 
 Nunc quoque non luctor de nomine temporis liujus : 
 
 Blandior, et partes paene rogantis ago ; 70 
 
 Remque mei juris malim tenuisse precando ; 
 
 Et faveas causae forsitan. ipse meae. 
 Aurea possedit posito Capitolia templo 
 
 Mater et, ut debet, cum Jove summa tenet ; 
 At decus omne mibi contingit origine mensis : 75 
 
 Unicus est, de quo soUicitamur, honor. 
 Quid grave si titulum mensis, Romane, dedisti 
 
 Herculis uxori, posteritasque memor ? 
 Haec quoque terra aliquid debet mihi nomine magni 
 
 Conjugis. Hue captas appulit ille boves : - so 
 
 Hie male defensus flammis et dote paterna 
 
 Cacus Aventinam sanguine tinxit humum. 
 Ad propiora vocor. Populum digessit ab annis 
 
 Romulus in partes distribuitque duas. 
 Haec dare consilium, pugnare paratior ilia est ; S5 
 
 Haec aetas bellum suadet, at ilia gerit. 
 Sic statuit mensesque nota secrevit eadem. 
 
 Junius est juvenum ; qui fuit ante, senum. — 
 Dixit, et in litem studio certaminis issent, 
 
 Atque ira pietas dissimulata foret ; 90 
 
 Venit ApoUinea longas Concordia lauro 
 
 Nexa comas, placidi numen opusque duels. 
 Haec ubi narravit Tatium fortemque Quirinum, 
 
 Binaque cum populis regna coisse suis, 
 
112 FASTORUM 
 
 Et Lare communi soceros generosque receptos ; 95 
 
 His nomen junctis Junius, inq-uit, habet. 
 
 Dicta triplex causa est : at vos ignoscite, divae ; 
 Res est arbitrio non dirimencla meo. 
 
 Ite pares a me. Perierunt judice formae 
 
 Pergama: plus laedunt, quam juvet una, duae. lOO 
 
 KAL. 1st. 
 
 Prima dies tibi, Carna, datur. Dea cardinis liaec est ; 
 
 Numine clausa aperit claudit aperta suo. 
 Unde datas habeat vires obscurior aevo 
 
 Fama ; sed e nostro carmine certus eris. 
 Adjacet antiqui Tiberino lucus Helerni : io5 
 
 Pontifices illuc nunc quoque sacra ferunt. 
 Inde sata est nymplie, Cranaen dixere priores, 
 
 Nequidquam multis saepe petita precis. 
 Rura sequi jaculisque feras agitare solebat, 
 
 Nodosasque cava tendere valle plagas. i lo 
 
 Non liabuit pliaretram, Phoebi tamen esse sororem 
 
 Credebant ; nee erat, Phoebe, pudenda tibi. 
 Huic aliquis juvenum dixisset amantia verba, 
 
 Reddebat tales protinus ilia sonos : 
 Haec loca lucis liabent nimis et cum luce pudoris ; ii5 
 
 Si secreta magis ducis in antra sequor. 
 Credulus ante ivit ; frutices haec nacta resistit, 
 
 Et latet et nullo est invenienda mode. 
 Viderat hanc Janus, visaeque cupidine captus 
 
 Ad duram verbis moUibus usus erat : 120 
 
 Nympha jubet quaeri de more remotius antrum ; 
 
 Utque comes sequitur destituitque ducem. 
 Stulta ! videt Janus, quae post sua terga gerantur ; 
 
 Nil agis, et latebras respicit ille tuas. 
 Nil agis, en ! dixi. Nam te sub rupe latentem 125 
 
 Occupat amplexu, speque potitus ait : 
 Jus pro concubitu nostro tibi cardinis esto ; 
 
 Hoc pretium positae virginitatis babe. 
 Sic fatus, spinam, qua tristes pellere posset 
 
 A foribus noxas, haec erat alba, dedit. — 130 
 
 Sunt avidae volucres : non quae Phineia mensis 
 
 Guttura fraudabant, sed genus inde trahunt. 
 
LIBER VI. 118 
 
 Grande caput, stantes oculi, rostra apta rapinae, 
 
 Canities pennis, unguibus hamus inest. 
 Nocte volant, puerosque petunt nutricis egentes 135 
 
 Et vitiaut cunis corpora rapta suis. 
 Carpere dicuntur lactentia viscera rostris, 
 
 Et plenum poto sanguine guttur liabent. 
 Est illis strigibus nomen : sed nominis liujus 
 
 Causa, quod liorrenda stridere nocte solent. 140 
 
 Sive igitur nascuntur aves, seu carmine fiunt 
 
 Naeniaque in volucres falsa figurat anus^ 
 In tlialamos venere Procae. Proca natus in illis 
 
 Praeda recens avium quinque diebus erat ; 
 Pectoraque exsorbent avidis infantia Unguis, 145 
 
 Et pvier infelix vagit opemque petit. 
 Territa voce sui nutrix accurrit alumni, 
 
 Et rigido sectas invenit ungue genas. 
 Quid facer et ? color oris erat qui frondibus olim 
 
 Esse solet seris, quas nova laesit liiems. 1 50 
 
 Pervenit ad Cranaen, et rem docet. Ilia, Timorem 
 
 Pone ! tuus sospes, dixit, alumnus erit. 
 Venerat ad cunas ; flebant materque paterque ; 
 
 Sistite vos lacrimas ! ipsa medebor, ait. 
 Protinus arbutea postes ter in ordine tangit 155 
 
 Fronde ; ter arbutea limina fronde notat. 
 Spargit aquis aditus et aquae medicamen habebant ; 
 
 Extaque de porca cruda bimenstre tenet. 
 Atque ita, Noctis aves, extis puerilibus, inquit, 
 
 Parcite ! pro parvo victima parva cadit. ■ 160 
 
 Cor pro corde, precor, pro fibris sumite fibras. 
 
 Hanc animam vobis pro meliore damns. 
 Sic ubi libavit, prosecta sub aetliere ponit, 
 
 Quique adsunt sacris respicere ilia vetat. 
 Virgaque Janalis de spina ponitur alba i65 
 
 Qua lumen thalamis parva fenestra dabat. 
 Post illud nee aves cunas violasse feruntur 
 
 Et rediit puero, qui fuit ante, color. 
 
 Pinguia cur illis gustentur larda Kalendis, 
 Mixtaque cum calido sit faba farre, rogas. 
 
1 1 4 FASTOKUM 
 
 Prisca dea est, aliturque cibis quibus ante solebat, 
 
 Nee petit ascitas luxuriosa dapes. 
 Piscis adliuc illi populo sine fraude natabat, 
 
 Ostreaque in concliis tuta fuere suis ; 
 Nee Latium norat quam praebet Ionia dives 175 
 
 Nee, quae Pjgmaeo sanguine gaudet, avera ; 
 Et praeter pennas nihil in pavone placebat ; 
 
 Nee tellus captas miserat ante feras. 
 Sus erat in pretio ; caesa sue festa colebant : 
 
 Terra fabas tantum duraque farra dabat. 180 
 
 Quae duo mixta simul sextis quicumque Kalendis 
 
 Ederit, liuic laedi viscera posse negant. 
 
 Arce quoque in summa Junoni templa Monetae 
 
 Ex veto memorant facta, Camille, tuo. 
 Ante domus Manli fuerat, qui Gallica quondam 185 
 
 A Capitolino reppulit arma Jove. 
 Quam bene, di magni ! pugna cecidisset in ilia 
 
 Defensor solii, Juppiter alte tui ! 
 Vixit, ut occideret damnatus crimine regni : 
 
 Hunc illi titulum longa senecta dabat. 190 
 
 Lux eadem Marti festa est ; quern prospicit extra 
 Appositum Tectae porta Capena viae. 
 
 Te quoque, Tempestas, meritam delubra fatemur ; 
 
 Cum paene est Corsis obruta classis aquis. 
 Haec monimenta patent liominum : si quaerimus astra. 
 
 Tunc oritur magni praepes adunca Jovis. ] 96 
 
 IV. NGN. 2nd. 
 
 Postera lux Hyades, taurinae cornua frontis, 
 
 Evocat ; et multa terra madescit aqua. 
 
 III. NON. Srd. 
 
 Mane ubi bis fuerit, Plioebusque iteraverit ortus, 
 
 Factaque erit posito rore bis uda seges, 200 
 
 Hac sacrata die Tusco Bellona duello 
 
 Dicitur, et Latio prospera semper adest. 
 Appius est auctor, Pyrrlio qui pace negata 
 
 Multum animo vidit ; lumine captus erat. 
 
LIBER VI. 115 
 
 Prospicit a tergo summuni Tbrevis area Circum. 205 
 
 Est ibi non parvae parva columna notae. 
 Hinc solet liasta raanu, belli praenuntia, mitti, 
 
 In regem et gentes cum placet arma capi. 
 PR. NON. 4th. 
 
 Altera pars Circi Custode sub Hercule tuta est ; 
 
 Quod deus Euboico carmine munus liabet. 2io 
 
 Muneris est tempus, qui Nonas Lucifer ante est. 
 
 Si titulos quaeris, Sulla probavit opus.- 
 
 NON. 5th. 
 
 Quaerebam, Nonas Sanco Fidione referrem, 
 
 An tibi, Semo pater : turn milii Sancus ait : 
 Cuicumque ex illis dederis, ego munus liabebo : 215 
 
 Nomina trina fero ; sic voluere Cures. 
 Hunc igitur veteres donarunt aede Sabini ; 
 
 Inque Quirinali constituere jugo. 
 
 Est milii sitque, precor, nostris diuturnior annis, 
 
 Filia, qua felix sospite semper ero. 220 
 
 Hanc ego cum vellem genero dare, tempera taedis 
 
 Apta requirebam quaeque cavenda forent. 
 Turn milii post sacras monstratur Junius Idus 
 
 Utilis et nuptis, utilis esse viris ; 
 Pi'imaque pars liujus tlialamis aliena reperta est, 225 
 
 Ncim milii sic conjunx saiicta Dialis ait : 
 Donee ab Iliaca placidus purgamina Vesta 
 
 Detulerit flavis in mare Tibris aquis, 
 Non milii. detonsae crines depectere buxo, 
 
 Non ungues ferro subsecuisse licet, 230 
 
 Non tetigisse viruni, quamvis Jovis ille sacerdos, 
 
 Quamvis pei-petua sit mibi lege datus. 
 Tu quoque ne propera : melius tua filia nubet 
 
 Ignea cum pura Vesta nitebit humo. 
 
 VI. ID. 6th. 
 
 Tertia post Nonas removere Lycaona Phoebe 235 
 
 Fertur, et a tergo non liabet Ursa nietum. 
 Tunc ego me meniini ludos in gramine Campi 
 
 Aspicere et dici, lubrice Tibri, tuos. 
 Festa dies illis, qui lina madentia ducunt, 
 
 Quique tegunt parvis aera recurva cibis. — 240 
 
1 1 6 FASTOEUM 
 
 Mens quoque numen liabet. Menti delubra videmus 
 
 Vota metn belli, perfide Poene, tui. 
 Poene, rebellabas, et leto consulis omnes 
 
 Attoniti Mauras pertimuere manus. 
 Spem metus expulerat, cum Menti vota Senatus 245 
 
 Suscipit ; et melior protinus ilia venit. 
 Aspicit instantes mediis sex lucibus Idus 
 
 Ilia dies, qua sunt vota soluta deae. 
 
 V. ID. 9th. 
 
 Vesta, fave ! tibi nunc operata resolvimus ora, 
 
 Ad tua si nobis sacra venire licet. 250 
 
 In prece totus eram ; caelestia numina sensi, 
 
 Laetaque purpurea luce refulsit liumus. 
 Non equidem vidi — valeant mendacia vatum — 
 
 Te dea ; nee fueras aspicienda viro. 
 Sed quae nescieram, quorumque errore tenebar, 255 
 
 Cognita sunt nullo praecipiente milii. 
 Dena quater memorant liabuisse Palilia Romara, 
 
 Cum flammae custos aede recepta dea est. 
 Regis opus placidi, quo non metuentius uUum 
 
 Numinis ingenium terra Sabina tulit. 260 
 
 Quae nunc aere vides, stipula tunc tecta videres, 
 
 Et paries lento vimine textus erat. 
 Hie locus exiguus, qui sustinet Atria Vestae, 
 
 Tunc erat intonsi regia magna Numae. 
 Forma tamen templi, quae nunc manet, ante fuisse 265 
 
 Dicitur ; et formae causa probanda subest. 
 Vesta eadem est, et Terra : subest vigil ignis utrique. 
 
 Significant sedeni terra focusque suam. 
 Terra pilae similis, nullo fulcimine nixa, 
 
 Aere subjecto tam grave pendet onus. 270 
 
 volubilitas libratum sustinet orbera : 
 
 Quique premat partes, angulus omnis abest. 
 Cumque sit in media rerum regione locata, 
 
 Et tangat nullum plusve minusve latus ; 
 Ni convexa foret, parti vicinior esset, 275 
 
 Nee medium terram mundus liaberet onus.] 
 Arce Syracosia suspensus in aere clause 
 
 Stat globus, immensi parva figura poli ; 
 
LIBEK VI. ] 1 7 
 
 Et quantum a summis, tantum secessit ab imis 
 
 Terra. Quod ut fiat, forma rotunda facit. 280 
 
 Par facies templi ; nullus procurrit in illo 
 
 Ang'ulus ; a pluvio vindicat imbre tliolus. — 
 Cur sit virgineis, quaeris, dea culta ministris. 
 
 Inveniam causas hac quoque parte suas. 
 Ex Ope Junonem memorant Cereremque creatas 255 
 
 Semine Batumi : tertia Vesta fuit. 
 Utraque nupserunt ; ambae peperisse feruntur : 
 
 De tribus impatiens restitit una viri. 
 Quid mirum, virgo si virgine laeta ministra 
 
 Admittet castas in sua sacra manus ? 290 
 
 Nee tu aliud Vestam, quam vivam intellige flammam ; 
 
 Nataque de flamma corpora nulla vides. 
 Jure igitur virgo est, quae semina nulla remittit, 
 
 Nee capit : et comites virginitatis liabet. 
 Esse diu stultus Vestae simulacra putavi : 295 
 
 Mox didici curvo nulla subesse tholo. 
 Ignis inexstinctus temple celatur in illo ; 
 
 Effigiem nullam Vesta nee ignis habent. 
 Stat vi terra sua ; vi stando Vesta vocatur ; 
 
 Causaque par Graii nominis esse potest. 300 
 
 At focus a flammis et quod fovet omnia dictus ; 
 
 Qui tamen in primis aedibus ante fuit. 
 Hinc quoque vestibulum dici reor ; unde precamur 
 
 Et famur : Vesta est quae loca prima tenet. 
 Ante focos olim longis considere scamnis 305 
 
 Mos erat, et mensae credere adesse dees. 
 Nunc quoque, cum fiunt antiquae sacra Vacunae, 
 
 Ante Vacunales stantque sedentque focos. — 
 Venit in bos annos aliquo de more vetustas ; 
 
 Fert missos Vestae pura patella cibos. 310 
 
 Ecce, coronatis panis clependet asellis 
 
 Et velant scabras florea serta molas. 
 Sola prius furnis torrebant farra coloni ; 
 
 ' Et Fornacali sunt sua sacra deae. 
 Suppositum cineri panem focus ipse parabat, 315 
 
 Strataque erat tepido tegula quassa solo. 
 Inde focum servat pistor dominamque focorum 
 
 Et quae pumiceas versat asella molas. — 
 
118 FASTOEUM 
 
 Praeteream referamne tuum, rubicunde Priajje, 
 
 Dedecus ? est multi fabula parva joci. 320 
 
 Turrigera frontem Cybele redimita corona 
 
 Convocat aeternos ad sua festa deos. 
 Convocat et satyros, et, rustica numina, nympbas. 
 
 Silenus, quamvis nemo vocarat, adest. 
 Nee licet, et longum est, epulas narrare deorum : 325 
 
 In multo nox est pervigilata mero. 
 Hi temere errabant in opacae vallibus Idae, 
 
 Pars jacet et molli gramine membra levat, 
 Hi ludunt, bos somnus babet, pars bracbia nectit 
 
 Et viridem celeri ter pede pulsat bumum. 330 
 
 Vesta jacet placidamque capit secura quietem, 
 
 Siciit erat positum cespite fulta caput. 
 . At ruber hortorum custos nympbasque deasque 
 
 Captat et errantes fertque refertque pedes, 
 Aspicit et Vestam ; dubium, nympbamne putarit, 335 
 
 An scierit Vestam ; scisse sed ipse negat. 
 Spem capit obscaenam furtimque accedere tentat, 
 
 Et fert suspenses, corde micante, gradus. 
 Forte seuex, quo vectus erat, Silenus asellum 
 
 Liquerat ad ripas lene sonantis aquae. 340 
 
 Ibat, ut inciperet, longi deus Hellesponti, 
 
 Intempestivo cum rudit ille sono. 
 Territa voce gravi surgit dea ; convolat omnis 
 
 Turba ; per infestas effugit ille manus. 
 Lampsacos boc animal solita est mactare Priapo : 345 
 
 Apta asini flammis indicis exta damns. 
 Quem tu, diva memor, de pane monilibus ornas : 
 
 Cessat opus, vacuae conticuere molae. 
 
 Nomine quam pretio celebratior arce Tonantis 
 
 Dicam Pistoris quid velit ara Jovis. 350 
 
 Cincta premebantur trucibus Capitolia Gallis ; 
 
 Fecerat obsidio jam diuturna famem. 
 Juppiter, ad solium Superis regale vocatis, 
 
 Incipe, ait Marti. Protinus ille refert : 
 Scilicet, ignotum est, quae sit fortuna malorum ; 355 
 
 Et dolor bic animi voce querentis eget ? 
 
LIBER VI. 119 
 
 Si tamen, ut referam breviter mala juncta pudori, 
 
 Exigis : Alpino Roma sub boste jacet. 
 Haec est, cui fuerat promissa potentia reriim, 
 
 Juppiter ? banc terris impositurus eras ? 36o 
 
 Jamque suburbanos Etruscaque contudit arma ; 
 
 Spes erat in cursu ; nunc Lare pulsa suo est. 
 Vidimus ornatos aerata per atria picta 
 
 Veste triumpbales occubuisse senes ; 
 Vidimus Iliacae transferri pignora Vestae 365 
 
 Sede. Putant aliquos scilicet esse deos. 
 At si respicerent, qua vos babitatis in arce, 
 
 Totque donios vestras obsidione premi : 
 Nil opis in cura scirent superesse deorum, 
 
 Et data sollicita tliura perire manu. 370 
 
 Atque utinam pugnae pateat locus ! arma capessant ; 
 
 Et, si non poterunt exsuperare, cadant. 
 Nunc inopes victus, ignavaque fata timentes, 
 
 Monte suo clauses barbara turba premit. 
 Tum Venus et lituo pulcber trabeaque Quirinus 375 
 
 Vestaque pro Latio raulta locuta suo. 
 Publica, respondit, cura est pro moenibus istis, 
 
 Juppiter, et poenas Gallia victa dabit. 
 Tu modo, quae desunt fruges, superesse putentur, 
 
 Effice nee sedes desere, Vesta, tuas. 380 
 
 Quodcumque est solidae Cereris cava macliina frangat, 
 
 Mollitamque manu duret in igne focus. 
 Jusserat : et fratris virgo Saturnia jussis 
 
 Annuit, et mediae tempera noctis erant. 
 Jam ducibus somnum dederat labor : increpat illos 385 
 
 Juppiter et sacro, quid velit, ore docet : 
 Surgite, et in medios de summis arcibus bostes 
 
 Mittite, quam minime tradere vultis, opem. 
 Somnus abit, quaeruntque novis ambagibus acti, 
 
 Tradere quam nolint et jubeantur, opem. 390 
 
 Esse Ceres visa est. Jaciunt Cerealia dona : 
 
 Jacta super galeas scutaque longa sonant. 
 Posse fame vinci spes excidit : boste repulso 
 
 Candida Pistori ponitur ara Jovi. 
 
 Forte revertebar festis Vestalibus iliac, 395 
 
 Qua Nova Romano nunc via juncta Foro est. 
 
120 FASTORUM 
 
 Hue pede matronam vidi descendere nudo : 
 
 Obstupui tacitus sustinuique gradum. 
 Sensit anus vicina loci jussumque sedere 
 
 AUoquitur, quatiens voce tremente caput. 400 
 
 Hoc, ubi nunc fora sunt, udae tenuere paludes ; 
 
 Amne redundatis fossa madebat aquis. 
 Curtius ille lacus, siccas qui sustinet aras, 
 
 Nunc solida est tellus, sed lacus ante fuit. 
 Qua Velabra solent in Circum ducere pompas, 405 
 
 Nil praeter salices cassaque canna fuit. 
 Saepe suburbanas rediens conviva per undas 
 
 Cantat et ad nautas ebria verba jacit. 
 Nondum conveniens diversis iste figuris 
 
 Nonien ab averse ceperat amne deus. 4io 
 
 Hie quoque lucus erat juncis et arundine densus, 
 
 Et pede velato non adeunda palus. 
 Stagna recesserunt et aquas sua ripa coercet, 
 
 Siccaque nunc tellus ; mos tanien ille manet. 
 Ueddiderat causam ; Valeas, anus optima! dixi, 415 
 
 Quod superest aevi, niolle sit omne, tui ! 
 
 Cetera jam pridem didici puerilibus annis ; 
 
 Non tamen idcirco praetereunda milii. 
 Moenia Dardanides nuper nova fecerat Ilus : 
 
 Ilus adhuc Asiae dives habebat opes. 
 Creditur armiferae signum caeleste Minervae 
 
 Urbis in Iliacae desiluisse juga. — 
 Cura videre fuit : vidi templumque locumque. 
 
 Hoc superest illic : Pallada Roma tenet. — 
 Consulitur Smintlieus, lucoque obscurus opaco 
 
 Hos non mentito reddidit ore sonos : 
 Aetlieriam servate deam, servabitis urbem ; 
 
 Imperium secum transferet ilia loci. 
 Servat et inclusam summa tenet Ilus in arce, 
 
 Curaque ad lieredem Laomedonta venit. 
 Sub Priamo servata parum. Sic ipsa volebas. 
 
 Ex quo judicio forma revicta tua est. 
 Seu genus Adrasti seu furtis aptus Ulixes 
 
 Seu plus Aeneas eripuisse datur ; 
 
LIBER VI. 121 
 
 Auctor in incerto. Res est Romana, tuetur 435 
 
 Vesta, quod assiduo liimine cuncta videt. 
 Heu quantum timuere patres, quo tempore Vesta 
 
 Arsit et est tectis obruta paene suis ! 
 Flagrabant sancti sceleratis ignibus ignes, 
 
 Mixtaque erat flammae fiamma profana piae. 440 
 
 Attonitae flebant, demisso crine, ministrae : 
 
 Abstulerat vires corporis ipse timer. 
 Pro vol at in medium, et magna, Succurrite ! voce, 
 
 Non est officium flere, Meteilus ait. 
 Pignora virgineis fatalia tollite palmis ! 445 
 
 Non ea sunt vote, sed rapienda manu. 
 Me miserum ! dubitatis ? ait. Dubitare videbat 
 
 Et pavidas posito procubuisse genu ; 
 Haurit aquas, tollensque manus, Ignoscite, dixit, 
 
 Sacra ! vir intrabo non adeunda viro. 450 
 
 Si scelus est, in me commissi poena redundet ; 
 
 Sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei. 
 Dixit et irrupit. Factum dea rapta probavit, 
 
 Pontificisque sui munere tuta fuit. 
 Nunc bene lucetis sacrae sub Caesare flammae : 455 
 
 Ignis in Iliacis nunc erit, estque, focis ; 
 Nullaque dicetur vittas temerasse sacerdos 
 
 Hoc duce, nee viva defodietur bumo. 
 Sic incesta perit : quia, quam violavit, in illam 
 
 Conditur, et Tellus Vestaque numen idem est. 460 
 
 Turn sibi Callaico Brutus cognomen ab hoste 
 Fecit, et Hispanam sanguine tinxit humum. 
 
 Scilicet, interdum miscentur tristia laetis, 
 
 Nee populum toto pectore festa juvant. 
 Crassus ad Eupliraten aquilas natumque suosque 465 
 
 Perdidit, et leto est ultimus ipse datus. 
 Partbe, quid exsultas ? dixit dea. Signa remittes : 
 
 Quique necem Crassi vendicet ultor erit. 
 
 IV. ID. 10th. 
 
 At simul auritis violae demuntur asellis, 
 
 Et Cereris fruges aspera saxa terunt, 470 
 
122 FASTORUM 
 
 Navita puppe sedens, Delphina videbimus, inquit, 
 
 Humida cum pulso nos erit orta die. 
 
 III. ID, 11th. 
 
 Jam Pliryx a nupta quereris Tithone relinqui, 
 
 Et vigil Eois Lucifer exit aquis. 
 Ite bonae matres, vestrum Matralia festum 475 
 
 Flavaque Thebanae reddite liba deae. 
 Pontibus et magno juncta est celeberrima Circo 
 
 Area, quae posito de bove nomen habet. 
 Hac ibi luce ferunt Matutae sacra parent! 
 
 Sceptriferas Servi templa dedisse manus. 480 
 
 Quae dea sit, quare famulas a limine templi 
 
 Arceat — arcet enim — libaque tosta petat ? 
 Bacclie, racemiferos liedera redimite capillos, 
 
 Si domus ilia tua est, dirige vatis opus. 
 Arserat obsequio Semele Jovis : accipit Ino 485 
 
 Te, puer, et summa sedula nutrit ope. 
 Intumuit Juno, rapta quod pellice natum 
 
 Educet. At sanguis ille sororis erat. 
 Hinc agitur fiiriis Athamas, et imagine falsa ; 
 
 Tuque cadis patria, parve Learclie, manu. 490 
 
 Maesta Learclieas mater tumulaverat umbras, 
 
 Et dederat miseris omnia justa rogis : 
 Haec quoque, funestos ut erat laniata capillos, 
 
 Prosilit et cunis te, Melicerta, rapit. 
 Est spatio contracta brevi, freta bina repellit, 495 
 
 Unaque pulsatur terra duabus aquis. 
 Hue venit insanis natum complexa lacertis, 
 
 Et secum e celso mittit in alta jugo. 
 Excipit illaesos Panope centumque sorores, » 
 
 Et placido lapsu per sua regna ferunt. 500 
 
 Nondum Leucotliea, nondum puer ille Palaemon, 
 
 Verticibus densi Tibridis ora tenent. 
 Lucus erat : dubium Semelae Stimulaene vocetur ; 
 
 Maenadas Ausonias incoluisse ferunt. 
 Quaerit ab his Ino, quae gens foret ; Arcadas esse 505 
 
 Audit et Evandrum sceptra tenere loci. 
 Dissimulata deam Latias Saturnia Bacclias 
 
 Instimulat fictis insidiosa sonis : 
 nimium faciles ! toto pectore captae ! 
 
 Non venit haec nostris hospes amica choris. '510 
 
LIBER VI. 123 
 
 Fraude petit, sacrique parat cognoscere ritum ; 
 
 Quo possit poenas pendere, pigiius habet. 
 Vix bene desierat ; complent ululatibus auras 
 
 Tliyades effusis per sua coUa comis ; 
 Injiciuntque manus, puerumque revellere pugnant. 515 
 
 Quos ignorat adhuc, invocat ilia deos : 
 Dique, virique loci, miserae succurrite matri. 
 
 Clamor Aventini saxa propinqua ferit. 
 Appulerat ripae vaccas Oetaeus Iberas ; 
 
 Audit et ad vocem concitus urget iter. 520 
 
 Herculis adventu, quae vim modo ferre parabant 
 
 Turpia femineae terga dedere fugae. 
 Quid petis liinc, — cognorat enim — matertera Bacclii ? 
 
 An numen, quod me, te quoque vexat, ait ? 
 Ilia docet partim, partim praesentia nati 525 
 
 Continet, et Furiis in scelus isse pudet. 
 Rumor, ut est velox, agitatis pervolat alis, 
 
 Estque frequens, Ino, nomen in ore tuum. 
 Hospita Carmentis fidos intrasse penates 
 
 Diceris et longam deposuisse famem. 530 
 
 Liba sua properata manu Tegeaea sacerdos 
 
 Traditur in subito cocta dedisse foco. 
 Nunc quoque liba juvant festis Matralibus illam ; 
 
 Rustica sedulitas gratior arte fuit. 
 Nunc, ait, o vates, venientia fata resigna, 535 
 
 Qua licet ; hospitiis hoc, precor, adde meis. 
 Parva mora est : caelum vates ac numina sumit 
 
 Fitque sui toto pectore plena dei. 
 Vix illam subito posses cognoscere ; tanto 
 
 Sanctior, et tanto, quam modo, major erat. 540 
 
 Laeta canam ; gaude, defuncta laboribus, Ino ! 
 
 Dixit, et liuic populo prospera semper ades ! 
 Numen eris pelagi ; natum quoque pontus habebit. 
 
 In nostris aliud sumite nomen aquis. 
 Leucothea Graiis, Matuta vocabere nostris ; 545 
 
 In portus nato jus erit omne tuo. 
 Quem nos Fortunum, sua lingua Palaemona dicet. 
 
 Ite, precor, nostris aequus uterque locis ! 
 Annuerat ; promissa fides ; posuere labores ; 
 
 Nomina mutarunt ; liic deus, ilia dea est. 550 
 
 g2 
 
124 FA.STORUM 
 
 Cur vetet ancillas accedere, quaeritis ? Odit, 
 
 Principiumque odii, si sinat ipsa, canam. 
 Una ministrarum solita est, Cadmei, tuarum 
 
 Saepe sub amplexus conjugis ire tui. 
 Iniprobus lianc Athamas furtini dilexit : ab ilia 555 
 
 Comperit agricolis semina tosta dari. 
 Ipsa quidem fecisse negat, sed fama recepit. 
 
 Hoc est, cur odio sit tibi serva manus. 
 Non tamen banc pro stirpe sua pia mater adoret ; 
 
 Ipsa parum felix visa fuisse parens. 560 
 
 Alterius prolem melius mandabitis illi ; 
 
 Utilior Bacclio quam fuit ipsa suis. 
 
 Hanc tibi, Quo properas, raemorant dixisse, Rutili ? 
 
 Luce mea Marso Consul ab boste cades. 
 Exitus accessit verbis ; flumenque Toleni 565 
 
 Purpureum mixtis sanguine fluxit aquis. 
 Proximus annus erat : Pallantide caesus eadem 
 
 Didius bostiles ingeminavit opes. 
 
 Lux eadem, Fortuna, tua est, auctorque locusque. 
 
 Sed superinjectis quis latet iste togis ? 570 
 
 Servius est : boc constat enim ; sed causa latendi 
 
 Discrepat et dubium me quoque mentis habet. 
 Dum dea furtivos timide profitetur amores 
 
 Caelestemque homini concubuisse pudet, — 
 Arsit enim magna correpta cupidine regis, 575 
 
 Caecaque in hoc uno non fuit ilia viro — 
 Nocte domum parva solita est intrare fenestra : 
 
 Undo Fenestellae nomina porta tenet. 
 Nunc pudet et voltus velamine celat amatos, 
 
 Oraque sunt multa regia tacta toga. 5S0 
 
 An magis est verum, post Tulli funera plebem 
 
 Confusam placidi morte fuisse ducis ? 
 Nee modus ullus erat : orescebat imagine luctus, 
 
 Donee eam positis occuluere togis. 
 Tertia causa mibi spatio majore canenda est : 585 
 
 Nos tamen adductos intus agemus equos. 
 TuUia conjugio, sceleris mercede, peracto 
 
 His solita est dictis exstimulare virum : 
 
LIBER VI. 125 
 
 Quid juvat esse pares, te nostrae eaede sororis, 
 
 Meque tiii fratris, si pia vita placet ? 590 
 
 Vivere debuerant et vir mens, et tua conjiinx, 
 
 Si nullum ausuri majus eramus opus. 
 Et caput et regnum facio dotale parentis. 
 
 Si vir es, i, dictas exige dotis opes ! 
 Regia res scelus est. Socero cape regna necato, 593 
 
 Et nostras patrio sanguine tinge manus. 
 Talibus instinctus solio privatus in alto 
 
 Sederat : attonitum vulgus ad arma ruit. 
 Hinc cruor et caedes : infirmaque vincitur aetas. 
 
 Sceptra gener socero rapta Superbus liabet. 600 
 
 Ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat sua regia, caesus 
 
 Concidit in dura sanguinolentus humo. 
 Filia carpento patrios initura Penates 
 
 Ibat per medias alta feroxque vias. 
 Corpus ut aspexit, lacrimis auriga profusis 605 
 
 Restitit. Hunc tali corripit ilia sono : 
 Vadis, an exspectas pretium pietatis amarum ? 
 
 Due, inquam, invitas ipsa per ora rotas ! 
 Certa fides facti, dictus Sceleratus ab ilia 
 
 Vicus, et aeterna res ea pressa nota. 610 
 
 Post tamen hoc ansa est templum, monimenta parentis, 
 
 Tangere : mira quidem, sed tamen acta loquar. 
 Signum erat in solio residens sub imagine Tulli : 
 
 Dicitur hoc oculis opposuisse manum. 
 Et vox audita est, Vultus abscondite nostros, 6i5 
 
 Ne natae videant ora nefanda meae. 
 Veste data tegitur ; vetat banc Fortuna moveri, 
 
 Et sic e templo est ipsa locuta suo : 
 Ore revelato qua primum luce patebit 
 
 Servius haec positi prima pudoris erit. 620 
 
 Parcite, matronae, vetitas attingere vestes ; 
 
 Sollemnes satis est ore movere preces ; 
 Sitque caput semper Romano tectus amictu. 
 
 Qui rex in nostra septimus urbe fuit. — 
 Arserat hoc templum, signo tamen ille pepercit 625 
 
 Ignis : opem nato Mulciber ipse tulit. 
 Namque pater Tulli Vulcanus, Ocresia mater 
 
 Praesignis facie Corniculana fuit. 
 g3 
 
126 FASTORUM 
 
 Hanc secum Tanaquil sacris de more peractis 
 
 Jussit in ornatum fundere vina focum. 630 
 
 Hie inter cineres obscaeni forma virilis 
 
 Ant fuit, aut visa est : sed fuit ilia magis. 
 Jussa foco captiva sedet. Conceptus ab ilia 
 
 Servius a caelo semina gentis liabet. 
 Signa dedit genitor tunc cum caput igne corusco 635 
 
 Contigit, inque comis flammeus arsit apex. 
 
 Te quoque magnifica, Concordia, dedicat aede 
 
 Livia, quam caro praestitit ilia viro. 
 Disce tamen, veniens aetas, ubi Livia nunc est 
 
 Portions, immensae tecta fuisse domus. 640 
 
 Urbis opus domus una fuit ; spatiumque tenebat, 
 
 Quo brevius muris oppida multa tenent. 
 Haec aequata solo est, nullo sub crimine regni, 
 
 Sed quia luxuria visa nocere sua. 
 Sustinuit tantas operum subvertere moles 64 5 
 
 Totque suas heres perdere Caesar opes. 
 Sic agitur censura et sic exempla parantur ; 
 
 Cum vindex, alios quod monet, ipse facit. 
 ID. 13th, 
 
 l>[ulla nota est veniente die, quam discere possim. 
 
 Idibus invicto sunt data templa Jovi. 650 
 
 Et jam Quinquatrus jubeor narrare minores. 
 
 Nunc ades o coeptis, flava Minerva, meis. 
 Cur vagus incedit tota tibicen in urbe ? 
 
 Quid sibi personae, quid toga longa, volunt ? 
 Sic ego. Sic posita Tritonia cuspide dixit : — 655 
 
 Possem utinam doctae verba referre deae! — 
 Temporibus veterum tibicinis usus avorum 
 
 Magnus et in magno semper lionore fuit. 
 Cantabat fanis, cantabat tibia ludis, 
 
 Cantabat maestis tibia funeribus. . 66o 
 
 Dulcis erat mercede labor : tempusque secutum, 
 
 Quod subito Grraiae frangeret artis opus. 
 Adde quod aedilis, pompam qui finieris irent, 
 
 Artifices solos jusserat esse decern. 
 Exilio mutant urbem Tiburque recedunt : 665 
 
 Exilium quodam tempore Tibur erat. 
 
LIBER VI. 127 
 
 Quaeritur in scena cava tibia, quaeritur aris, 
 
 Ducit supremos naenia nulla toros. 
 Servierat quidam, quantolibet ordine dignus, 
 
 Tibure, sed longo tempore liber erat. 67o 
 
 Rure dapes parat ille suo turbanique canoram 
 
 Convocat ; ad festas convenit ilia dapes. 
 Nox erat, et vinis oculique animique natabant. 
 
 Cum praecomposito nuntius ore venit, 
 Atque ita, Quid cessas convivia solvere ? dixit, 675 
 
 Auctor vindictae jam venit, ecce, tuae ! 
 Nee mora ; convivae valido titubantia vino 
 
 Membra movent, dubii stantque labantque pedes. 
 At dominus, Discedite, ait, plaustroque morantes 
 
 Sustulit ; in plaustro sirpea lata fuit. 680 
 
 Alliciunt somnos tempus motusque merunique, 
 
 Potaque se Tibur turba redire putat. 
 Jamque per Esquilias Romanam intraverat urbem ; 
 
 Et mane in medio plaustra fuere foro. 
 Plautius, ut posset specie numeroque senatum 685 
 
 Fallere, personis imperat ora tegi. 
 Admiscetque alios et, ut liunc tibicina coetum 
 
 Augeat, in longis vestibus ire jubet. 
 Sic reduces bene posse tegi, ne forte notentur 
 
 Contra collegae jussa redisse sui. 690 
 
 Res placuit ; cultuque novo licet Idibus uti, 
 
 Et can ere ad veteres verba jocosa modes. — 
 Haec ubi perdocuit, Superest milii discere, dixi, 
 
 Cur sit Quinquatrus ilia vocata dies. 
 Martins, inquit, agit tali mea nomine festa, 695 
 
 Estque sub inventis baec quoque turba meis. 
 Prima terebrato per rara foramina buxo 
 
 Ut daret eiFeci tibia longa sonos. 
 Vox placuit ; faciem liquidis referentibus undis 
 
 Vidi virgineas intumuisse genas. 700 
 
 Ars mihi non tanti est ; valeas, mea tibia ! dixi. 
 
 Excipit abjectam cespite ripa suo. 
 Inventam satyrus primum miratur ; et usum 
 
 Nescit et inflatam sentit habere sonum ; 
 Et mode dimittit digitis, modo concipit auras. 705 
 
 Jamque inter nyniphas arte superbus erat ; 
 G 4 
 
1 28 FASTORUM 
 
 Provocat et Phoebum ; Plioebo superante pependit ; 
 
 Caesa recesserunt a cute membra sua. 
 Sum tamen iiiventris auctorque ego carminis bujus. 
 
 Hoc est, cur nostros ars colat ista dies. 710 
 
 XVII. KAL. JUL. 15th. 
 
 Tertia lux veniet, qua tu, Dodoni Tbyene, 
 
 Stabis Agenorei fronte videnda bovis. 
 Haec est ilia dies, qua tu purgamina Vestae, 
 
 Tibri, per Etruscas in mare mittis aquas. 
 XVI. KAL. 16th. 
 
 Si qua fides ventis, Zepbyro date carbasa, nautae : 715 
 
 Cras veniet vestris ille secundus aquis. 
 
 XV. KAL. 17th. 
 
 At pater Heliadum radios ubi tinxerit undis 
 
 Et cing'et geminos stella serena polos, 
 Toilet humo validos proles Hyriea lacertos. 
 
 Continua Delpbin nocte videndus erit. 720 
 
 Scilicet bic olim Volscos Aequosque fugatos 
 
 Viderat in campis, Algida terra, tuis. 
 Unde suburbano clarus, Tuberte, triumpbo 
 
 Vectus es in niveis, Postume, victor, equis. 
 
 XIIL KAL. 19th. 
 
 Jam sex et totidem luces de mense supersunt : 725 
 
 Huic unum numero tu tamen adde diem ; 
 Sol abit e Geminis, et Cancri signa rubescunt : 
 
 Coepit Aventina Pallas in arce coli. 
 
 xiL KAL. 20th. 
 
 Jam tua, Laomedon, oritur nurus, ortaque noctem 
 
 Pellit, et e pratis uda pruina fugit. 730 
 
 Reddita, quisquis is est, Summano templa feruntur. 
 
 Tunc, cum Romanis, Pjrrlie, timendus eras. 
 
 Hanc quoque cum patriis Galatea receperit undis, 
 
 Plenaque securae terra quietis erit, 
 Surgit bumo jvivenis, telis afflatus avitis ; 735 
 
 Et gemino nexas porrigit angue manus. 
 Notus amor Phaedrae, nota est injuria Tliesei : 
 
 Devovit natum credulus ille suum. 
 [Non impune plus juvenis Troezena petebat : 
 
 Dividit obstantes pectore taurus aquas.] 740 
 
LIBER VI. 129 
 
 Solliciti terrentur cqui, frustraque retenti 
 
 Per scopulos dominum duraque saxa trahimt. 
 Exciderat curru, lorisque morantibiis artus 
 
 Hippolytus lacero corpore raptus erat, 
 Reddideratque aniniam, multiim indignante Diana. 745 
 
 Nulla, Coronides, causa doloris, ait, 
 Namque pio juveni vitam sine vulnere reddam ; 
 
 Et cedent arti tristia fata meae. 
 Grramina continue loculis depromit eburnis ; 
 
 Profiierant Grlauci Manibus ilia prius : 750 
 
 Tunc, cum obscrvatas anguis descendit in lierbas, 
 
 Usus et auxilio est augur ab angue date. 
 Pectora ter tetigit, ter verba salubria dixit : 
 
 Depositum terra sustulit ille caput. 
 Lucus eum nemorisque sui Dictynna recessu 755 
 
 Celat : Aricino Virbius ille lacu. 
 At Clymenus Clotlioque dolent, liaec, fila reneri, 
 
 Hie, fieri regni jura minora sui. 
 Juppiter exeniplum veritus direxit in ilium 
 
 Fulmina, qui nimiae moverat artis opem. 76o 
 
 Phoebe, querebaris. Deus est, placare parenti ; 
 
 Propter te, fieri quod vetat, ipse facit. 
 
 IX. KAL. 23rd. 
 
 Non ego te, quamvis properabis vincere Caesar, 
 
 Si vetet auspicium, signa movere velim. 
 Sint tibi Flaminius Thrasimenaque litora testes, 765 
 
 Per volucres aequos multa monere deos. 
 Tempera si veteris quseris temeraria damni, 
 
 Quartus ab extreme mense bis ille dies. 
 VIII. KAL. ■ 24th. 
 
 Postera lux melior. Superat Masinissa Syphacem ; 
 
 Et cecidit telis Hasdrubal ipse suis. 770 
 
 Tempera labuntur, tacitisque senescimus annis, 
 
 Et fugiunt, freno non remorante, dies. 
 Quam cite venerunt Fortunae Fortis lionores ! 
 
 Post septem luces Junius actus erit. 
 Ite, deam laeti Fortem celebrate, Quirites : 775 
 
 In Tiberis ripa munera regis liabet. 
 G 5 
 
].30 FASTORUM LIBBE VI. 
 
 Pars pede, pars etiani celeri decurrite cymba ; 
 
 Nee pudeat potos inde redire domum. 
 Ferte coronatae juvenum convivia lintres, 
 
 Multaque per medias vina bibantur aquas. 780 
 
 Plebs colit banc, quia, qui posuit, de plebe fuisse 
 
 Fertur, et ex huraili sceptra tulisse loco. 
 Convenit et servis, serva quia Tullius ortus 
 
 Constituit dubiae templa propinqua deae. 
 VI. KAL. 26th. 
 
 Ecce suburbana rediens male sobrius aede 785 
 
 Ad Stellas aliquis talia verba jacit : 
 Zona latet tua nunc, et eras fortasse latebit. 
 
 Deliinc erit, Orion, aspieienda mihi. 
 At si non esset potus, dixisset eadem 
 
 Venturum tempus solstitiale die. 790 
 
 V. KAL. 27th. 
 
 Lueifero subeunte Lares delubra tulerunt, 
 
 Hie, ubi fit doeta multa corona manu. 
 Tempus idem Stator aedis liabet, quam Romulus olim 
 
 Ante Palatini eondidit ora jugi. 
 
 IV. KAL. 28th. 
 
 Tot restant de mense dies, quot nomina Parcis, 795 
 
 Cum data sunt trabeae templa, Quirine, tuae. 
 PR. KAL. 30th. 
 
 Tempus luleis eras est natale Kalendis : 
 
 Pierides, coeptis addite summa meis. 
 Dicite, Pierides, quis vos adjunxerit isti, 
 
 Cui dedit invitas victa noverca manus. 800 
 
 Sic ego. Sic Clio, Clari monumenta Philippi 
 
 Aspicis, undo traliit Mareia casta genus ; 
 Marcia, sacrifieo deductum nomen ab Aneo, 
 
 In qua par faeies nobilitate sua. 
 Par animo quoque forma suo respondet in ilia ; 805 
 
 Et genus, et faeies ingeniumque simul. 
 Nee, quod laudamus formam, tam turpe putaris ; 
 
 Laudamus magnas liac quoque parte deas. 
 Nupta fuit quondam matertera Caesaris illi. 
 
 decus, o sacra femina digna dome ! sio 
 
 Sic eeeinit Clio : doctae assensere sorores. 
 
 Annuit Aleides, increpuitque lyra. 
 
NOTES 
 
 THE FASTI, 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 .RGUMENT. 
 
 Dedication to Germanicus, 1-26. Roman year, 27^44. 
 Difference of days, 45-62. Kalends of January, 63-88. Mythology 
 of Janus, 89-288. Temple of Aesculapius and of Jupiter decli- 
 cated, 289-294. Praises of astronomy, 295-310. Setting of 
 Cancer and Lyra, 811-316. Agonalia, 317-334. Origin of 
 sacrifice, 335-456. Rising of Dolphin, 457, 458. Mid-winter, 459, 
 460. Carmentaha, 461-586. Sacrifice to Jupiter. Title of 
 Augustus conferred on Caesar, 587-616. Carmentalia repeated, 
 617-636. Temple of Concord dedicated, 637-650. Sun enters 
 Aquarius ; Lyra and Leo set, 651-656. Sementina, 657-704. 
 Temple of Castor and Pollux dedicated, 705-708. Altar of Peace, 
 709-724. 
 
 NOTES. 
 1-26. Dedication of the poem to Germanicus, son of Drusus, and 
 adoptive son of Tiberius, the stepson and successor of Augustus : 
 see Hist. Rom. Emp. pp. 16, 22, and Appendix B. — Tevipora sc. 
 anni, i.e. the festival, and other remarkable days. Lucretius 
 (ii. 33, 170 ; iii. 1018) and Virgil (Geor. i. 258) use tempora anni 
 for the seasons. — digesta, arranged, regularly distributed : comp, 
 Virg. Geor. ii. 54. — Latium, i. q. Latinum. In the fragments of the 
 old poet Naevius we meet with terrdi Latiai and Latium homonmn. 
 This adj. does not then occur till we find it in Propertius 
 (iii. 3, 6 ; iv. 10, 37), a poet who was rather fond of unusual words, 
 and from whom Ovid appears to have adopted it. After Ovid's 
 time it became the prevalent form. — 2. Lapsa, etc. i. e. the rising 
 andsettingof the constellations : see Introd. $ 1. As /«6or and on'or 
 g6 
 
132 NOTES ON THE EASTI. 
 
 are deponents, these participles are i. q. labentia and orientia. — 
 4. Navis, i.e.poematis. A frequent metaphor. — O^do, task, act of 
 duty: comp, Hor. Ep. ii. 2,21. In some MSS. the reading is 
 OJJiciis, with in for huic in next verse. — Sacra, etc. : see Introd. § 3. 
 — eruta, extracted, dug out as it were. He uses this word on ac- 
 count of priscis. — domestica, belonging to the family. — vobis, the Ju- 
 lian family, into which he had been adopted. — pater,\. e. Tiberius. — 
 aviis, i. e. Augustus. — 11. pictos. In the tables of the Fasti the names 
 of the festivals, etc. were drawn in red. — praemia, honours : comp. 
 Hor. Sat. i. 5, ^5.—fratre, sc. adopLivo. Drusus, son of Tiberius, and 
 cousin of Germanicus. — Caesaris. This is probably Augustus. — 
 aras, the altars, i.e. the temples which he built or repaired. — sacris 
 (sc. diebusaliis), etc., i.e. thedays of his victories and other acts which 
 were inserted in the Fasti. — 15. Laudes, meritorious deeds : see 
 Virg. Aen. i. 461. — Ingenium, sc. nam meum. — vultu, as it was en- 
 couraging or otherwise. — Pagina,\.e. libe?: — docti : see v. 21 seg. — 
 movetur, sc .metu. — 20. Clariodeo, i. e. Apollo, who had a temple and 
 Oracle at Glares, near Colophon, in Ionia. Germanicus himself 
 consulted it the year before his death, Tac. Ann. ii. 54, but Ovid 
 was then no more. Oracles, it may be observed, were frequently 
 consulted by letters. — Quae sit, etc. comp. Ex Font. ii. 5, 49. He 
 had pleaded causes in public with success. Dion Ivi. 26 ; Suet. Cal. 4. 
 — senshnus, I have heard of, as Ovid was in exile. — impetus, sc. tui 
 ingenii: comp. Ex Pont. iv. 8, 69. He wrote Greek plays ; Suet. 
 ut sup. The version of Aratus' Phaenomena still extant is ascribed 
 to this prince. — 25. Scilicet, therefore. The use of scilicet in this 
 sense is very rare. Some MSS. read si licet etfas est. — annus, i. e. 
 the poem on the year. 
 
 27-44. The Roman year : see Introd. § 2. — conditor urbis, 
 Romul us. — major erat, sc. quam noscere sidera. — 3 1 . moverit. This and 
 the following tueatur are potential.— jo^r totidem, etc. : see Introd. 
 § 2. — a funere, from the time of the death. — sustinet, etc., wears 
 mourning. The men did the same, but only for a short time. — 37. 
 Trabeaii. The trabea was a purple toga striped with white, worn 
 by the kings (Liv. i. 41) and afterwards by the consuls on solemn 
 occasions. Ipse Quirinali trabea . . . consul. Virg. Aen. vii. 612. — 
 cura ; comp. cura dei. Met. i. 48. — annua jura daret, i. e. was re- 
 gulating the year. — Martis, etc. The old Roman year began in 
 March. For the following origins of the names of the months see 
 the beginning of each book. — 40. Princeps, beginning or origin, as 
 being the mother of Aeneas. — Tertius, etc. Maius, a majoribus ; 
 Junius, a junioiibus. — Quae sequitur, etc. i. e. Quinctilis, Sextilis, 
 
BOOK 1. 4-70. 133 
 
 September, etc. — At Nuvia, etc. : see Introd. § 2. He named 
 Januarius a Jano, Februarius dfebruis : see ii. 19. 
 
 45-62. The days of the month : see Introd. § 3. — -jura, the laws, 
 rights ; the nature and character. — ne tmiien ig?iores, do not then 
 (yon should not) be ignorant of. This is, we think, the best way to 
 understand this place ; ne being i. q. tion : see on Hor. A. P. 176. 
 Tamen is merely emphatic, like the Italian pure. — Nan habet, so. 
 nam. — officii idem, the same kind of duty ; comp. v. 5. — 47-52. All 
 this is explained in Introd. § 3. — honoratus. The consuls and 
 praetors were so styled on bearing the high offices of the state 
 (honorcs). The praetor's edict was termed jus honorarium : see 
 Tlieophil. i. 2, 7. — Est quoque (sc. dies^ etc. ; the dies comitiales, in 
 which the people were assembled to pass laws. The place of voting 
 was named the Septa, or enclosure ; sometimes Ovilia, or folds, into 
 which the tribes successively entered. Its site was at the head of 
 the modern Corso, toward the Piazza di Venezia. — qui nono, etc. 
 the Nundinae or market-days. — 55. Vindicat, etc. On the Kalends 
 a sacrifice was offered to Juno by the Pontifex Minor on the 
 Capitol, and by the Regina Sacrorum in the Regia : Macrob. i. 15. 
 • — grandior, i.e. somewhat grown, as the largest and finest animals 
 of every kind were offered to Jupiter. — Nonaruvi, etc. i. e. the 
 Nones have no presiding deity. — Omnibus, etc. The day following 
 each of these (posti-idie) was termed black or ill-omened, and was 
 regarded as unlucky. The reason given is, that the Romans had 
 met with defeats on these days. The defeats at the Cremera and 
 the Allia were on the postr. Idus, but we hear not of any on the 
 day after the Kalends or Nones, and it was only made ater by 
 analogy : see Gell. v. 17. Macrob. i. 16. — Haec mihi, etc. I men- 
 tion these matters now once for all. 
 
 63-88. New-year's-day. — tibi. Germanicus was consul, A. U. 
 770, the year in which the poet appears to have revised this book : 
 see Introd. $ 5. — tacite labentis. On account of the noiseless pace 
 of iXxne.— Solus, etc. As he was biceps. — Dexter, propitious : see on 
 Virg. Geor. iv. 7. — 67. ducibus, i. e. Tiberius the Emperor, and 
 Germanicus his son, who had lately overcome the Chattans and 
 other German tribes : see v. 285 ; Hist. Rom. Emp. p. 44, seq. — 
 terra ferax, the ^tt'Swpoc apowpa of Homer. — patribus, the Senate. — 
 populo Quirini, i. e. Quiritibus, i. e. populo Romano : comp. Met. xv. 
 572, 756 ; Hor. Carm. i. 2, 46. The whole expresses the S. P. Q. R. 
 — 70. Candida tevipla. Not the temple of Janus, but the temples of 
 the gods in general, which were resorted to on that day. He terms 
 them Candida, not from their colour (for few of them were built of 
 
134 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 white marble), but from the number of worshipers clad in white 
 togae, V. 79. Janus was the god of opening and shutting, v. 120. 
 — 71. Linguis, etc. The well-known /or»m/a enjoining to abstain 
 from words of ill-omen. — Life, etc. Exegetic of what precedes. — 
 75. Cernis, etc. The spica Cilissa, or saffron, and other fragrant 
 products were thrown on the fires of the altars. Urantur pia thiira 
 fods, urantur odores, Quos tener e terra divite mitiit Arabs, Tibull. ii. 2, 3. 
 The best saffron came from Cilicia ; see Flora Virgil, v. Crocus. — 
 sonet, crackles. — aurum, i. e. the gilded roof of the temple. At the 
 present day the roof of the church of Sta. Maria Maggiore, at Rome, 
 is lined with plates of gold.— Vestibus, etc. On this day the people 
 clad in new (intactis) or at least newly-scoured white togae fol- 
 lowed the consuls up to the Capitoline temple, whose site was on 
 the southern portion of the hill, on which also was the Tarpeian 
 rock ; see Hist, of Rome, p. 484. — 80. Concolor. For the day was 
 candidus or joyful. — praeeunt {sc. consules), etc. The consuls en- 
 tered on their office on this day. They were preceded by lictors 
 bearing fasces, were clad in the toga praetexta, which was edged 
 with purple, and sat on the sella curulis, adorned with ivory. — rudes 
 operum, i. e. that have never been worked. — 84. Quos, etc. i. e. 
 which were bred in the district of Falerii (Civita Castellana). Here 
 and on the Clitumnus in the adjacent Umbria, the oxen were 
 white, as they are at the present day : comp, Virg. Geor. ii. 146 ; 
 Plin. ii. 103. White victims were offered to Jupiter. This verse, 
 by the way, is repeated from Amm. iii. 13, 14. — arce sua, the 
 Capitol, or rather perhaps the dome of heaven : comp. Met. i. 163 ; 
 Virg. Aen. i. 223. — populo reruin potente, i.e, Romanos rerum 
 dominos, Virg. Aen. i. 282. 
 
 89-288. Mythology of Janus: see Mythology, p. 521. 
 
 89-114. Who Janus was. — Nam tibi, etc. The Greeks had no 
 god whose attributes were the same as those of Janus. A curious 
 but accidental resemblance has been traced between him and the 
 Hindoo Ganesa. — tabellis, his writing-tables. — 94. Lucidior, etc. 
 This was the sign of the presence of a deity : comp. Horn Hymn, 
 in Cererem, 279 ; Virg. Aen. ii. 590. — Ille tenens, etc. i. e. bearing 
 his usual attributes. — operose dierum, full of labour (i. e. employed) 
 on the days. — 103. Me Chaos, etc. It was one opinion that Janus 
 was the Chaos of Grecian cosmogony : comp. Met. i. 5, seq. — haec 
 . . . massa, i. e. Chaos. — secessit, departed (i. e. ceased) from. — rerum 
 suarum, i.e. of its component parts. — 111. Tunc ego, etc. Chaos 
 was all in one globe or lump ; but when its parts separated, it as- 
 sumed a regular hrm.—faciem, the general appearance : see on Hor, 
 
BOOK I. 71-154. 135 
 
 Sat. i. 2, 87. — i^edii, i. q. ivi. Compounds in re are frequently used 
 for the simples : see our Horace, Excurs. IV. — nota parva, a slight 
 mark or proof. — Ante, etc. His front and back were the same, as 
 all had been when he was Chaos. 
 
 113-144. A second cause of his form. — Hanc (sc. causavi), etc. 
 so that at the same time you will know this and what my office is. 
 — Me penes, etc., i. e. I am the general janitor or door-keeper of 
 heaven and earth. — 120. Jus, the right or power. — libuit, sc. me.— 
 Pacem, etc. He represents his temple as being the abode of 
 Peace and War, who dwelt in it alternately. It is shut, to keep 
 War confined ; but when it is open, and War is at liberty. Peace 
 remains within. It had, as is well-known, been shut only twice 
 before the time of Augustus, in whose reign this poem was written. 
 — per j)etuas, long: comp. Virg, Aen. vii. 176. — Sanguine, etc. comp. 
 Virg. Aen. i. 293. — 125. Praesideo, etc.; see Horn. II. v. 749. — 
 J««M5, quasi Eanus ah eo, or djanua. — cui cum, etc. When an offer- 
 ing was made to Janus, he was addressed by the titles of Opener 
 and Closer, in allusion to his office. — Cereale libum. This libum, 
 which was offered to him alone, was named Janual ; Festus s. v. 
 For the libum, or cake, see on Virg. Buc. vii. 33. — Imponit, sc. 
 arae.—farra, etc. the mola salsa. — 133. Vis, i. e. officium. — Jam 
 tamen, etc., you must, however, have partly seen that already. — 
 Larem, i. e. the atrium of the house in which stood the image of 
 the family Lar. — vester, your, i. e. of you Romans. — primi tecti, 
 the first part or entrance of the house, the vestibule. — 141. Ora 
 vides, etc. : see Mythology, Plate iii. 2. — Servet, etc. that she may 
 watch (comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 368 ; Hor. Ep. i. 3, 31) or look down 
 the three parts of the compitum, the point where two or more 
 streets met. It is here i. q. trivium, TpioSog, the point of junction 
 of three ways (like Y). The Greeks, but not the Romans, used to 
 place the image of the triple Hecate at the rpioSoi : see Mytho- 
 logy, p. 65. — bina, i. e. duo, i. e. duas vias. The distributive nume- 
 rals are thus frequently used for the cardinals : see Zumpt, $119. 
 
 145-164. Reason why the year began in i&nuaxY.—frigoribus, 
 i. e. hieme, bruma. — Omnia tunc jlorent, etc. This is a most lovely 
 description of the spring ; for the poet was, like Horace, a true 
 lover of the country : comp. iii. 236 ; iv. 87 ; Lucr. i. 6 ; Virg. 
 Buc. iii. 36 ; Geor. ii. 323. — temporis, i. e. anni. — 133. Et nova, etc. : 
 see Flora Virg. v. Vitis. — operitur. Some MSS., which Heinsius, 
 Burmann, and Gierig follow, read amicitiir vitibus, as in Ex Pont, 
 iii. 8, 13 ; comp. Met. x. 100. — 134. seminis herba, i. e. the growing 
 corn, which springs from the seed. For this sense of herba, see Virg, 
 
136 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Geor. i. 112. — 155. Et tepidum, etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. vii. 33. — 
 ignota (sc. ante), the stranger, as she returns in the spring. — prodit, 
 i. e. apparet, comes forth, appears : comp. ii. ^b2,.—figit. The read- 
 ing of many MSS. and editions \% Jingit. — 161. multis, sc. verbis, 
 moratus, i. e. morans : see on v. 2. — Bruma, the winter-solstice, after 
 which the days begin to lengthen. The Sun, Phoebus, may then 
 be said to begin his course anew. 
 
 165-188. Causes of various usages on New-year's day. — cur 
 non, etc. It was the custom for every one to perform, by way of 
 auspice, some little act of his trade or profession on the first day 
 of the year. There was, therefore, a little legal skirmishing in the 
 Forum ; the peasants did some rural work, etc. Per hos dies absti- 
 nent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae, ita tamen ut ipsis Kalendis 
 Januariis auspicandi caussa omne genus operis instaurent, Colum. 
 xi. 2. — Tempora nascentia, i. e. prima dies. — commisi, I have given 
 or appointed. This is rather an unusual sense of this verb. — Totus, 
 etc., lest people should be idle the whole year if they were so on 
 the first day of it, which was its auspiciuvi, — ob idem, i.e. igitur. — 
 delibat, i. e. leviler atlingit : comp. Virg. Aen. i. 256 ; xii. 434. — tes- 
 tificatur, gives proof of, exhibits. — 171. Cur quamvis, etc. The 
 reason of this is evidently to be found in the names and offices of 
 the god, access as it were being given by him to the other gods : 
 Cic. N. D. ii. 27 ; Macrob. i. 9.— 175. Atcurlaeta, etc. The prac- 
 tice here noticed has descended to modern times, and we still utter 
 good wishes on New-year's day. — Omina, etc. The whole super- 
 stition of omens is founded on this notion. Luck, for example, is 
 often supposed to be indicated by what is first seen in the morn- 
 ing, etc. — 181. Templa, etc. sc. hac die. As on New-year's day 
 the temples were all open, the gods were supposed to hear all 
 prayers and to give them effect. — caducas, sc. in terram, falling to 
 the ground, unavailing. — 185. Quid vult palma, etc. The strenae, 
 or New-year's gift, consisted of sweets, with pieces of money, 
 which are given still, at least on the Continent. — palma, i. e. 
 its fruit, the caryota or date. It was covered with gold-leaf. 
 Aurea porrigititr Jani caryota Kalendis, Mart. xiii. 27. — carica, the 
 Irrx^i oi" dried fig, hence he names it rugosa. — Candida, clear. — sub 
 niveo cado The cadus, jar or pot, whose usual colour was red 
 (Mart. i. 56, 10), was probably whitened on this occasion, like the 
 togae of the citizens. Sub is i. q. in. Nata procul Libycis aberat 
 diversa sub oris, Tr. i. 3, 1 9. 
 
 189-226. The giving of money on that day. — Edixit et strenas 
 ineunte anno se recepturum ; stetitque in vestibulo aedium, Kalendis 
 
BOOK I. 155-226. 1S7 
 
 Januariis, ad captandas stipes, quas plenis ante eum manibus ac sinu 
 omnis generis turba fundehat. Suet. Calig. 42. Augustus himself used 
 to receive stipes in this way on New-year's day : Dion liv. 35 ; 
 Suet. Oct. 37. — stipis. The slips was a small copper coin, appa- 
 rently the same as the as. — lahet, slip away, escape. — casa, a cottage. 
 He is here perhaps alluding to the cottage on the Capitol, which 
 was preserved down to that time, as that of Romulus and Remus ; 
 Dionys. i. 76 ; Val. Max. iv. 4. — Martigenam, Mars-begotten. He 
 made this word, like atirigena, draconigena, etc. — 200. Et dabat, 
 etc. The poor used to make their sofas of flags and sedge : comp. 
 V. 319 ; Met. viii. 633. — a7igusta, etc. The meaning seems to be, 
 that if Jupiter, who was placed in a sitting posture, as he always was 
 in the Capitoline temple, were to be placed standing, he could not 
 stand upright on account of the lowness of the roof. The allusion 
 is general, and not, as has been supposed, to the temple of Jupiter 
 Yereinas.— fictile. In those early days the images of the gods were 
 of baked clay, and made in Etruria : see Plin. xxxv. 12. — iiunc, sc. 
 ornant. — 203. cepisse, i. q. capere. This and the following inf. are 
 used like the Greek infinitives : see on Virg. Buc. ii. 34. — Jura 
 dabat, etc. We hear this both of a dictator (Hist, of Rome, p. 89) 
 and of a consul (lb. p. 181). — Etlevis, etc. Fabricius, when censor 
 (A. U. 478), put out of the senate P. Cornelius Rufinus, who had 
 been twice consul and once dictator, for having ten pounds' weight 
 of plate in his house, Gell. iv. 8. — lamina. This word, signifying a 
 thin plate, is used here, perhaps, in a diminishing sense. — 209. At 
 postquam, etc., i. e. when Rome grew great and powerful. Rome 
 and her fortune are personified. — Creverunt, etc. Crescit amor nummi 
 quantum ipsa pecunia crescit, Juv. xiv. 139. Semper infinita, insatia- 
 bilis, neque copia neque inopia mimdtur. Sail. Cat. 11. — 213. Sic 
 quibus, etc. Avarice compared with a dropsy : comp. Hor. Carm. 
 ii. 2, 13. — In pretio, etc. A play on words. — census, property, in- 
 come : comp. Hor. Ep. i. 6, 36. — Tu tamen, etc. You, however, 
 want to know if this receiving of the copper slips be of good omen, 
 and why it is still given to me. It might appear from this, that 
 stipes were put into the hand of Janus on this day. — Aera, etc. It is 
 a remnant of antiquity when copper was the only money. Gold is 
 more prized, however, now. — Nos, etc. This seems to allude to the 
 temple of Janus at the Forum Olitorium, outside of the Carmental 
 gate, which Tiberius rebuilt A. U. 770 ; Tac. Ann. ii. 49. In this 
 and the following verses, therefore, a compliment may be intended 
 for that prince. The plur. is used in them for the sing., as it is of 
 hinisell only that the god speaks. 
 
]38 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 227-254. Cause of the figures on the old Roman coin, which bore 
 on one side a ship, on the other a Janus. — monitus, his instructions : 
 comp. iii. 167. — iV« vetus, etc. The image had been effaced by wear 
 and time. — 234. falcifer deus, Saturn : see Virg. Aen. viii. 313. — 
 240. testificafa, i. e. testificans : see on v. 2. — solum, etc. The Jani- 
 cular on the right or Tuscan side of the Tiber, whose left side was, 
 therefore, next the river. — arenosi. On account of the great quan- 
 tity of sand which it carries in suspension, whence it was named 
 flavus. — incaedua, uncut, natural wood. — tanta, i. e. what is now so 
 great. — 247. Tunc, i. e. in the Golden Age. — patiens, bearing, i. e. 
 inhabited by. — humanis lock, the abodes of men. — Nondum, etc. : 
 comp. Met. i. 150. — pudor, alSwe, reverence. 
 
 255-288. Reason of the site of his temple : see Excursus I. — 
 Jajii. A Janus was simply a door or gate. Each of the city-gates, 
 for instance, had two Jani : see on ii. 201. — Protinus, etc. The 
 well-known story of Tarpeia : see Liv. i. 11 ; Propert. iv. 4. The 
 following legend occurs first, we believe, in Ovid : comp. Met. xiv. 
 780. — Oebalii. It was a current opinion that the Sabines were 
 descended from the Laconians, one of whose mythic kings was 
 named Oebalus. — levis, light-minded. — 262. iter. This would seem 
 to mean the level of the Capitol at the head of the clivus ; but it is 
 a very unusual sense of the word. It appears to indicate her lead- 
 ing them up. — descenditis, sc. vos Romani. — Saturnia, Juno : comp. 
 Virg. Aen. vii. 620. — artis, sc. aperietidi. — ope, by the power or act. 
 — 274. tuto, i. q. tuito, sc. a me. — Ara. The conj. is omitted : see 
 our Virgil, p. 837. — Haec, etc. This consumes with its flames a 
 strues and a mola salsa, i. e. in honour of Janus, to whom the strues 
 was apparently appropriated. — strues. Genera liborum sunt, digitorum 
 conjunctorum non dissimilia, qui siiperjecta panicula in transversum con- 
 tinentur. Festus 5. «. .- comp. Cato R. R. 134. Merkel (p. xcvi.) 
 would prefer to read cum strueferta suis. 
 
 277-288. Why the gates were open in war, closed in peace. — 
 possit, sc. Pax. — Caesareoque, sc. nunc. — nomine, name, influence, 
 authority. — Dixit .... aquas. These four verses were added when 
 he revised the poem. — oculos, etc., i. e. the eyes of both faces. — 
 285. vestri, of your, i. e. of Tiberius who gave the auspices, and of 
 Germanicus who led the army. This triumph for the Chattans, 
 Cheruscans, and Angivarians was celebrated by Germanicus on the 
 vii. Kal. Jan. A. U. 770: see Tac. Ann. ii. 41. — Tradiderat, etc., 
 i. e. the dominion of the Romans on the Rhine was acknowledged. — 
 pads ministros, Tiberius and Germanicus.— az^c^r, probably Tibe- 
 rius. — deserat, neglect. 
 
BOOK I. 227-327. 139 
 
 289-294. Temples dedicated on the Kalends of January. — Quod, 
 etc., sc. hoc est. — patres, the senate, or our ancestors. — Accepit, etc. 
 In the Insula of the Tiber stood the temple of Aesculapius, built 
 A. U. 462 : see Met. xv. 662 ; Hist, of Rome, p. 139, and a temple 
 of Jupiter, dedicated A. U. 538 : see Liv. xxxiv. 37, There was 
 also a temple of Faunus in the Island (see ii. 193), dedicated in the 
 same year, but not on the same day with that of Jupiter. — in parte 
 est, i. e. is a sharer. From what follows, it would appear that the 
 two temples stood close together. 
 
 293-310. Introduction to the astronomic notices. — promissi, sc. 
 opens, V. 2. — pariter, equally, alike. — 302. Officiuvi fori, the pleading 
 of causes : comp. Hor. Ep. i. 7, 47. — gloria, sc. vana, vanity : see 
 Hor. Sat. i. 6, 23 ; Ep. i. 18, 21.—Juco, with false splendour. The 
 fucus is a marine plant, with the dye of which the Tyrian purple 
 was imitated ; Hor. Ep. i. 10,27. — 303. Admovere, etc. By their 
 study of the stars they brought them, as it were, near our eyes, i. e. 
 became as well acquainted with them as if they were nearer. — Sic 
 pelitur (sc. vere}, etc. He alludes to the Aloeids, Otus and 
 Ephialtes : Horn. Od. xi. 304 ; Virg. Geor. i. 280. He had also in 
 view, Hor. Carm. i. 3, 38 ; iv. 4, 30. — 309. Nos quoque, etc. / too, 
 though so inferior. The language here too seems figurative, and 
 taken from the encampment of a Roman army. Of this the mode 
 was, that some officers went on before the troops with the metatores, 
 who marked out the different quarters for them with vexilla, i. e. 
 signa, at which the soldiers pitched their tents. 
 
 311-314. The morning-setting of Cancer : see Introd. § 1. 
 
 313, 316. The morning-rising of Lyra, which was usually attended 
 with rain. — Institerint, sc. si or cum: see on Hor. Sat. i. 3, 13. — 
 signa dabunt, sc. ea. Some MSS. and editors put nonae in v. 313, 
 and imbres in v. 316. 
 
 317-334. The festival of the Agonalia, in honour, as it would 
 appear, of Janus. The sacrifice was a ram offered in the Regia by 
 the Rex Sacrorum : Varro L. L. vi. 12. — succinctus minister, etc., 
 i. e. the popa, who killed the victim, and who had nothing on him 
 but a limus, an apron, or petticoat (like the camjyestre), fastened 
 about his loins : see Virg. Aen. xii. 120. — strictos, grasped, held in 
 his hand. It is a plur. for sing, as usual. — agatne. The popja used 
 to say agone? i.e. shall I strike the victim? and the Rex replied, 
 hoc age, do so. Varro {ut sup.) gives this derivation of the name. 
 — 323. Pa)-s, etc. Others derive it from the leading (aciu) of the 
 victim to the altar. — Pars, etc. Others thought that Agonalis was 
 quasi Agnalis from agna, — 327. An, etc. It was also thought that the 
 
140 XOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 origin might be Greek, from ayoovia, on account of the terror of the 
 victim. — in aqua. It was the custom to place the sacrifical knives in 
 a vessel full of water. — 329. Fas etiam. It may also be that the name 
 is Greek, and is derived from the games (^ayUvtc) celebrated on that 
 occasion in the old times. — Et pecus, etc. The reason which he 
 himself prefers, Agonia was an old name for pecus, or for hostia, as 
 Festus {s. V.) says. — Rex Sacrorum. For this and the other mini- 
 sters of the Roman religion, see Excursus II. — lanigerae, etc., i. e. 
 a ram : see on v. 317. 
 
 335, 336. Origins of the terms victima and hostia. He derives 
 them both from the same origin, namely, a victory gained over 
 enemies. 
 
 337-348. Original offerings to the gods. Merkel regards what 
 follows as an addition made by Ovid to the poem when he was 
 revising it. — Far erat, etc , i. e. the mola salsa. — pertulerat, sc. 
 Italiae. — costiim. The costus was a fragrant root that came from the 
 East, most probably from India: see Hor. Carm. iii. 1,44; Plin. 
 xii. 2 ; Stat. Silv. ii. 1, 160. — herbis Sabinis, the savine, called by the 
 Greeks ^pdQv, a species of juniper, common in the South of Europe ; 
 Plin. xxiv. 61. — laurus, the bay : see Flor. Virg. s v. It crackles 
 in the flame, and when it gave a loud sound, it was regarded as a 
 good omen : comp. v. 76 ; Tibull. ii. 5, 81. 
 
 349-392. First sacrifices of quadrupeds and their causes.^ t7//«, 
 i. q. ulciscens. — lactentia, sucking, i. e. young ; as if they were 
 animals. Thus (Met. xv. 201) he terms the spring lactens annus. — 
 in vite, sc. sua. — 357. Rode, etc. Kr/v jii (pdyyg tnl piZ,a.v, ofiwg 'in 
 KapTro(popr'iij(x) "Oaaov iTTianfKTai aoi, rpdji, Ovofikv^j, Anthol. Gr. i. 
 p. 165, ed. Jacobs.— noxae deditus, given up to punishment. Cum lex 
 jubet noxae dedere j)7-o peccato, Festus v. Noxa. — 363. Flebat, etc. 
 He derives the sacrifice of oxen from the mode in which Aristaeus 
 recovered his bees. For that legend, see Virg. Geor. iv. 315, seq. 
 — cum stirpe, with the root, radicitus, i. e. totally. — necatas, sc. a 
 nymphis : see Virg. ib. 532. — Caerula, as being a water-nymph. — 
 373. faciem, his form, appearance. — transformis, changing. This adj. 
 is, we believe, peculiar to Ovid : comp. Met. viii. 871. — adulterat, 
 adulterates, i. e. changes. — una,&c.anivia, i. e. bos. — 381. Pascit,etc. 
 Some MSS., followed by editors in general, read Poscii ovem fatum. 
 — verbenas, plants used for sacred purposes : see Flor. Virg. s. v. 
 The legend here alluded to, is not noticed by any other writer. — 
 385. Placat eqiio, etc. The Persians sacrifice a horse to Mithras 
 their sun-god, the Greek Helios. Herodotus says of the Massage- 
 tans (i. 2I6_), QtSiv ds iiovvov r'jKiov as(3ovTai, t<^ Qvovai 'Iitttovq. 
 
BOOK I. 329-458. 141 
 
 vojXOQ Se ovtoq rrjc QvairiQ' rutv BeuJv ri^ rax'ic^Tqj iravTiav TtSv 
 6vr]T(iJv rb jax't-orov Sarkovrai : which place Ovid had evidently in 
 his mind. — Quod (i e. ob quod), etc. The legend of Iphigenia. — 
 triplici Dianae, as being identified with Hecate : see on v. 141. — 
 389. vidi. When he was going into exile at Tomi on the Euxine, 
 A. U. 763, he landed on the coast of Thrace, and went the rest of 
 the way by land : see Tr. i, 10, 23. — Sapaeos, a people of Thrace ; 
 Herod, vii. 110. — 7igido, etc. Priapus. 
 
 393-440. Origin of the sacrifice of the ass to Priapns. This is 
 either an Alexandrian fable or the poet's own invention. — Festa, 
 etc., the TpKTTioiQ, or festival of Bacchus, celebrated every third 
 year. — corymhifen, Kopvf.il3o(p6pov, ivy-berries-bearing, i. e. crowned 
 with ivy. This word is only to be found in this place. — bnima, the 
 year which began at the hruma. It was not, however, at that sea- 
 son that the feast was held. — D'l qiioque, etc. The deities con- 
 nected with Bacchus, also took this opportunity of holding a festival. 
 We are not to suppose that they mixed with men on the occasion. — 
 Et quicumque, etc., every deit^y of a sportive character. — jmndo, hol- 
 low-backed. — 400. Qidqiie, etc. Priapus. — vestitis, covered with grass, 
 instead of purple or scarlet covers, vestes. — large. This is to be 
 joined with agebat. Editors in general read puree, and join it with 
 viiscendas. — 405. sine peclinis usu, without having combed out and 
 arranged them. — minhtrat, sc. cibos. In the heroic ages the attend- 
 ants at meals were females. — qui pinu, etc. Pan. — 414. Nequitia, 
 lust. — tutela, i. e. tutor : see Virg. Excurs. VII. 
 
 441-456. Sacrifices of birds, ascribed to the vengeance of the 
 gods, because the birds revealed their will to men. — modos, measures, 
 £ongs. — j>enna, by the wing, the flight, i. e. the Praepetes. — ore, the 
 oscines, as they were styled in the language of augury. — 447. dis, 
 etc., as each is connected with the gods. Thus the eagle announced 
 the will of Jupiter ; the crow, that of Apollo. — defensa, etc. : see 
 Hist, of Rome, p. 118. — 434. Inachi, i.e. Isis, the Egyptian deity, 
 greatly worshiped at that time at Rome, and who had been identi- 
 fied with lo the daughter of Inachus : see Mythology, p. 408. — 
 Inula, delicate about food. Qvovai (sc. Isidi) Si kuI ^ovq nai 
 tkaipovQ o't svSatfiOVBffTspoi, cxroi Se tlaiv aTToSkovTi^ 7r\ovT({> Kcii 
 Xnvag Kal opvidaQ rag fisXeypiSag' vcri Si kg rriv dvoiav ov voj.u- 
 ^oDo-tv ovSi oiVt x()?}(70ai /cai ai^'i. Pans. x. 32. Perhaps, however, 
 lauta might be elegant, on account of the pure white linen garments 
 of her worshipers. — provocat, calls forth. 
 
 457, 438. The morning-rising of Delphin or the Porpoise. — 
 Tollilur, raises himself; a mid. voice. 
 
142 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 459, 460. The day of raid-winter (not the bruma), which, how- 
 ever, is placed on the pridie Nonas (4th) by Columella (xi. 2) and 
 by Ptolemy. — discnmma, separating line. — superabit, i. e. supererit. 
 A frequent sense of this verb : see on Virg. Buc. ix. 27. 
 
 461-468. The Carmentaiia and the dedication of the temple of 
 Juturna. — Turni soror. So she had been made by Vii'gil, and the 
 Aeneis was now read by every one. — aede recepit. Hide Fonti (so. 
 Juturnae) per Aquaminum inopum (leg. flaminem minorem, Merk.) 
 sacrificari solet, cut Lutatius Catulus primus templum in Campo Martio 
 fecit, Serv. Aen. xii. 139. — Virghiea aqua, the Aqua Virgo brought 
 by Agrippa through aqueducts from a marshy place, eight miles 
 from Rome on the Collatine road, for the supply of his Thermae. 
 It was conducted below the gardens of LucuUus, which were on the 
 Pincian hill, and so compassed the Campus Martins. It still supplies 
 the beautiful Fontana Trevi. Its name, Frontinus (De Aquaed. 10) 
 says, was owing to its springs having been pointed out by a maiden ; 
 but it more probably came from the supposed purity of its waters. — 
 sacrorum, sc. Carmentalmm. — Ipsa, i. e. Carmentis, whose name is 
 derived from carmen. — erret, stray, i. e. be unknown or wrongly 
 related. — honos, festival. 
 
 469-508. Coming of Evander to Italy. — Orta, etc. The Arca- 
 dians were styled by the poets (who probably only adopted the 
 popular legend) TrpoasXyvove, as having existed before the moon. 
 Doderlein, by the way, says that it signifies merely, before the 
 Hellenes. — te/lus, i. e. ge7is. — Arcade. Areas, the son of Callisto. — 
 utroque, sc. sanguine. According to the common account, he was 
 the son of the god Hermes by Carmentis. But there seems to have 
 been another account (see Serv. Aen. viii. 130), which made 
 Echemus his father, and this Ovid apparently follows. It is also 
 said, that the cause of Evander's exile was his having accidentally 
 killed his father, Serv. ib. 51. — 473. Quae, etc., i. e. she was a pro- 
 phetess. — pleno del, inspired. — motus, civil commotion ; or, perhaps, 
 change of abode. — nacta, sc. est. For time verified her predictions. 
 — nimium, i. q. valde, a common sense of this word. — -fugatus, obliged 
 to go into exile. — 478. Parrhasium, i. e. Arcadium, part for whole. 
 — in fatis, i. e. a decree of destiny : comp. Met. i. 256. — meriti, sc. 
 tui. — procella, i. e. exilium. The figure is taken from the sea and 
 navigation. — Aonia, Boeotian. — Et, sc. alii. — 493. Omne solum. "A-jrag 
 fxkv drjp aieTcp 'Trepacnfiog, "Airaaa Sk ^Owv avSpi yevvaiq) TrarpiQ, 
 Eurip. fr. incert. 36. — Nee fera, etc. X'w XivQ aXKoKa fiev vkXei 
 aWpiog, ciXKoKa S" vei, Theocr. iv. 43 : comp. Hor. Carm. ii. 9, 1. — 
 tenet, holds, i. e. reaches : comp. iv. 290. Gierig says, holds his 
 
BOOK I. 459-536. 143 
 
 course for. — amnevi, sc. Tuscum (from next verse), the Tiber. — 500. 
 obvius ibat, was going against, i. e. up the stream. — latjis, etc., i. e. 
 the left bank of the river, before coming to the Campus Martins, 
 i. e. the Palatine hill. By the vada Tarenti must be meant that part 
 of the stream that ran by the Tarentum. — Tarenti. This is the 
 reading of, we may say, all the MSS. ; but every other Latin writer 
 calls this place Terentum. It was in the Campus Martius, and ap- 
 parently close to the Tiber, but the exact spot is unknown. Vale- 
 rius Maximus (ii. 4, 5) tells a long legend of the discovery of this 
 place, by the appearance of smoke rising from the ground in the 
 night, and how, on digging to the depth of twenty feet, an altar 
 was found inscribed to Dis Pater and Proserpine. He says, that 
 this was the origin of the Saccular games, at which black victims 
 were offered for three successive nights at this altar : see also Liv. 
 Epit. 49 ; Stat. Silv. i. 4, 18 ; iv. 1, .38 ; Mart. iv. 1,8; Varro ap. 
 Censorin. 17; Zosimus, ii. 1. — UUjiie erat, as she was, without 
 making any change. To express the suddenness of the inspiration. 
 — mmissis, loosed. — regentis iter, the steersman. — dextram, i. e. on 
 her right. — -pinea texta, the deck formed of pine-wood : comp. Virg. 
 Aen. ii. 238. 
 
 309-536. Prophecy of Carmentis. — novos deos, i. e. Romulus and 
 the Caesars. — nemorum silvae, the woods with which the hills of 
 Rome were then covered, — bonis avibiis, i. e. bono amine. — 513. 
 Fallot ? etc. The future greatness of Rome. — tantumfati, so great 
 a destiny. — Et jam, etc. These are the subjects of the six last 
 books of the Aeneis. — hie cinis, i. e. Rome, that rose, as it were, from 
 the ashes of Troy. — 527. patrem. Cato {ap. Serv. Aen. iii. 711) 
 said that Anchises also reached Italy ; but Ovid would hardly con- 
 tradict Virgil, and he probably expressed himself somewhat care- 
 lessly, supposing every one to be familiar with the Aeneis. — Iliacos, 
 etc. The Penates brought from Troy were kept in the temple of 
 Vesta; Tac. Ann. xv. 41. The temple of the Penates was differ- 
 ent. — Tempus erit, etc. Alluding to Augustus, who was Pontifes 
 Maximus, and who had transferred the sacred fire, etc. to his house 
 on the Palatine : see iv. 949. — 533. Inde nejios, etc. Tiberius, by 
 adoption the son of Augustus, and grandson of JuHus Caesar. — 
 licet, etc. His affected reluctance to accept the imperial dignity : 
 see Tac. Ann. i. 11 ; Hist. Rom. Emp. p. 39. — Sic Augusta, etc. 
 By the last will of Augustus, his wife Livia was adopted into the 
 Julian family, and received the title of Augusta. This is, perhaps, 
 all that the poet means by calling her here a numen. She was 
 deified by her grandson Claudius, Suet. Claud. 11. 
 
144 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 537-586. Legend of Hercules and Cacus : see Virg. Aen. viii. 
 190, seq. ; Hist, of Rome, p. 1\.— Felix, etc. Alluding to his own 
 exile at Tomi. — Erythe'idas, from the isle of Erytheia, the abode of 
 Geryoneus ; see Mythology, p. 359. — applicat, brings, drives. — 550. 
 Traxerat, so. nam.- — aversos, backwards. — fades : see on v. 373. — pro, 
 proportioned to. — 559. viale, i. e. non : see on Hor. Sat. i. 3, 45. — 
 furta, i. e. the stolen oxen. — -juga quinque, sc. bourn. — male : see v. 
 559. — spii-are, etc. Typhoeus was placed under Aetna in the Giant- 
 war. Virgil (Aen. iii. 578) places there Enceladus. — 575. Occupat, 
 attacks. Jussit . . . quatuor admoveri canes, qui celeriter occ up averunt 
 feram. Curt. ix. 1. — trinodis (def. for indef.), knotty. — Constituit, etc. 
 The Ara Maxima, ^cred to Hercules, stood at the foot of the 
 Palatine hill, and the Forum Boarium lay between it and the river. 
 — prope, etc., i. e. the approaching apotheosis of Hercules. — dea, sc. 
 facta. 
 
 587-616. The conferring of the title of Augustus on Caesar. — 
 castus sacerdos, the Flamen Dialis. — Castus is properly ayvoQ, pure, 
 holy, and incestus, its opposite ; hence a Vestal who committed 
 breach of chastity was termed incesta, and the offence, incestus, or 
 incestum : see Cic. Legg. ii. 10. — Semimaris avis. This is plainly a 
 vervex or wether, while, v. 56, he calls the victim grandior agna, a 
 ewe-lamb. We confess that we cannot clear this matter. It was a 
 usual rule in the Roman, as in the Mosaic, religion to offer nothing 
 mutilated to the deit}'. Merkel (p. clxxii) thinks it possible that 
 the wether may have been substituted for the sheep, on the Ides of 
 January, on account of theferiae Augustales. — Reddita, etc. On the 
 Ides of January (Verrius says xvii. Kal. Feb.), A U. 727, Caesar 
 arranged the provinces, retaining the administration of some himself, 
 and giving that of others to the senate and people. At this time also 
 he received the title of Augustus : see Hist. Rom. Emp. pp. 5, 6. 
 The poet is not strictly correct in using the adj. omnis. — 591. 
 generosa, noble, i. e. belonging to noble families. — ceras, the imagines 
 or waxen busts of their ancestors, at the base of which their names 
 and deeds were inscribed. — Africa, etc. For these various titles 
 see Hist of Rome, pp. 254, 362, 364, 320, 178, 285.-597. Et mortem, 
 etc. : see Hist. Rom. Emp. p 16. — Caesar, i. e. Augustus. Victories 
 had been gained by himself or his generals over all the surrounding 
 nations, and the recovering of the standards was regarded as a 
 victory over the Parthians — Ex uno (sc. victo), etc. : see Hist, of 
 Rome, pp. 128, 131. — 603. Maggie, i.e. Pompeius. — qui ie, etc. 
 Julius Caesar. — Nee gradus, etc.: see Hist, of Rome. p. 170. — 
 omnes, sc. hi. — Hie, Augustus.— 609. Sancta, etc. Augustus \s \. q. 
 
BOOK I. 537-633. 145 
 
 sanctus, hence the Greeks rendered it o-f/Saoroc. — vacant patres. 
 li hy patres he means the old Romans, he may have had verses like 
 this of Ennius : Augusta aitgurio po&tqiiam incluta condita Roma est, 
 and the language of the Annals, etc. in view, and so have been justi- 
 fied in using the present tense : see our Horace, Excurs. I. — rite, 
 duly, legitimately. It is the proper term. Negabant Pontifices unam 
 cellam amplius qiiam uni deo rite dedicai'i, Liv. xxvii. 25. — manu. 
 Because the person dedicating laid his hands on the door-post : see 
 Hist, of Rome, p. 33. — 611. Hujiis, etc., i.e. from the same root 
 (i. e. augeo) is also derived augiir'mm. — Et quodcumque, etc. We 
 know^, however, of'no other word that could be derived from augeo, 
 and even these two are very dubious. — auget. The proper meaning 
 0? atigeo is, to enlarge, increase, add to. Hence it is used of giving 
 honour, dignity, etc., to a person, thing, or place ; comp. ii. 56 : 
 hence also, when the senate confirmed a decree of the people, the 
 word auctores is used. Ut cum popuhis regent jussisset, id sic ratum 
 esset, si patres auctores fierent, Liv. i. 17. — Protegat (sc. semper), 
 may it shade. This was one of the honours decreed at that time to 
 Augustus : Hist. Rom. Emp. p. 6. — vestras, your, i. e. the Caesarian 
 family. — heres, Tiberius. — suscipiat, sustain. Qitid loquar lapideas 
 moles .... qidbus porticus et capacia populorum tecta suscipimus, 
 Sen. Ep. 90. 
 
 617-636. The Carmentalia repeated. — actas, i. q. exactns, past. — 
 Fient, will be (celebrated). — Nam, etc. The reason of this repeti- 
 tion. — carpenta. The exact form of the carpentum is unknown : 
 see Becker, Gallus, p. 263. It was used both by men and women, 
 and it came at length to signify a dung-cart, Pallad. x. I. The de- 
 rivation hei*e given is absurd. — 621. ilfo;i', etc. A. U. 538, in the 
 heat of the second Punic war, C. Oppius, a tribune of the people, 
 had a law passed forbidding any woman to possess more than half an 
 ounce of gold, to wear a party-coloured garment, or to ride in a 
 carriage {juncto veJiiculo'), except on occasions of public religious 
 rites. In 557 this law was repealed in spite of the strenuous oppo- 
 sition of Cato the Censor : see Liv. xxxiv. 1-8. There is nothing 
 said in Livy of the conduct adopted by the women, but it is noticed 
 by Plutarch, Quaest. Rom. 56. — Pro pueris, etc., i. e. for children 
 of both sexes, the partus of v. 623. — 629. Scortea, things made of 
 leather. — Ne violent, etc. Because they prayed for children to be 
 born, and so it would be of ill omen to use any dead thing. — assiste, 
 stand beside. — precaiUi, sc. alicui. — 633. Porrima, etc. Varro (op. Cell, 
 xvi. 16), when speaking of the difficult labour of women, says, htijus 
 periculi dejjrecandi causa arae statutae sunt Romae duabus Carmen- 
 
 H 
 
146 NOTES ON THE FASTI, 
 
 tibus, quarum una Postverta noininata est, Prosa (Al. Prorsa) altera, 
 a recti perversique partus et potestate et nomine. This fully explains 
 V. 628, and the origin of the rite, and also that of the legend told by 
 Ovid and Plutarch. Servius (Aen. viii. 336) names, like our poet, 
 one of the Carmentes Porrima. — 634. diva. Most editors read 
 nympha : see Virg. Aen. viii. 336, 339. — porro, i. e. -n-pd, pro. 
 
 637-650. Dedication of Temple of Concord. — Candida, sc. dea or 
 Concordia, v. 639. — niveo. This cannot mean built of vrhite marble : 
 see on v. 70. It rather, like Candida in that place, denotes the 
 polish of the pillars, etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. viii. 720. — Qua fert, etc. 
 The temple of Concord stood at the foot of the Capitoline hill, 
 facing the Forum. Its site may be seen exactly behind the arch of 
 Severus. On its left, between it and the Career, a flight of steps 
 led up to the Arx, where the temple of Juno Moneta stood, on the 
 site of Manlius' house : see vi. 183. Abeken, however, asserts 
 (Mittelitalien, p. 232) that both temples stood on the Arx, to which 
 the steps led up from the Intermontium. Of the existence of this 
 supposed temple of Concord, we have seen no proof, and its site 
 hardly accords with v. 639. — turbam, sc. stantem in Foro.— manus, sc. 
 Tiberii, A. U. 763, according to Verrius Flaccus, Fast. Praen. Dion 
 Ivi. 25. — 641. Furius, etc. The great L. Furius Camillus, the con- 
 queror of Veil and Falerii, on the occasion of the Licinian rogation 
 (A. U. 383), vowed a temple to Concord, and built this temple in 
 performance of his vow : see Hist, of Rome, p. 124. — causa recens, 
 i. e. of the restoration of the temple by Tiberius. In 763 Tiberius 
 carried on w^ar in Germany, to avenge the slaughter of Quintilius 
 Varus and his legions in 762. — 646. Porrigit. Merkel reads corrigit, 
 with the early editions, and he quotes an old gloss which explains 
 it by desecat. But corrigo never has that meaning ; its original 
 sense is, to stretch out, to straighten : on the other hand, porrigo 
 is, to stretch forth, to present, and it was used of the sur- 
 render made by enemies. Parihe, refers aquilas : victos quoqu£ 
 porrigis arcus, v. 593. Nunc petit Armenius pacem ; nunc porrigit 
 arcus Parthus eques timida signaque capta manu, Tr. ii. 227. False 
 hair was very much worn in Rome at that time, and it chiefly came 
 from Germany, as the yellow colour was preferred. Jam tibi cap- 
 tivos mittet Germania crines ; Culta triumphatae munere gentis eris, says 
 our poet in a piece (Am. i. 14, 45) which was probably written 
 during the campaigns of Drusus in Germany in 741-745, and is ap- 
 parently prophetic, for there was no triumph for the Germans before 
 that of Germanicus in 770. We think, therefore, that it may have 
 been a condition of the peace accorded to the Germans in 764, that 
 
BOOK I. 634-704. 147 
 
 they should supply, perhaps annually, a certain quantity of hair for 
 the Roman market. — Inde, etc. This is somewhat erroneous ; Tibe- 
 rius triumphed in 765 for the Pannonians and Dalmatians, not for 
 the Germans, and the temple of Concord was not merely built, but 
 dedicated (Ka9ispw6i]), in 763. — Haec, sc. templa. — constituit, sc. 
 tecum. — rebus et ara, i. e. with property and with an altar. It seems 
 to mean that Livia joined in defraying the cost of the building, and 
 that she placed an altar there. — magni Jovis. Augustus. 
 
 651, 652. Passage of the Sun into Aquarius. — Haec, sc. tevipora, 
 i. e. XVII. Kal. 
 
 653, 654. Evening-setting of Lyra. — Oriens, i. e. Sol. 
 
 655, 656. Morning-setting of Regulus, a star of the first magni- 
 tude in the breast of Leo. Columella (xi. 2) says it sets vi. Kal. 
 Feb. — Sidere ah hoc, i. e. after this sign, sc. Lyra. — ignis, i. e. 
 Regulus. 
 
 657-674. The feast of the Sementina. — Ter quater, three or four 
 times, the conj. being omitted in the usual Roman manner. — evolvi. 
 For, like other books, they were rolled up. — indicitur, sc. a Fontifice 
 (Varro L. L. vi. 26), is given out : see Introd. $ 3. — Utque dies, etc. 
 Though the exact day was not known, yet the time of the year was 
 when it would be, i. e. after seed-sowing. — coronati. It was usual to 
 put garlands on the working cattle, on occasions like this : comp. v. 
 52 ; vi. 31 1 ; Tibull. ii. 1, 8. — 665. Rusticus, etc. : comp. Pers. iv. 28, 
 The ancient plough was very light : see Virg. Terms Husb.u.aratrum. 
 — Pagus, the village. Serv. Tullius, it is said, divided the Roman 
 territory into pagi, in each of which there was an altar at which the 
 pagani used to hold a feast every year called the Paganalia (Dionys. 
 iv. 15). — liba: see on v. 128. Each family brought its libum. — suo, 
 their own, which they give. — Haec, i, e. Ceres : see Zumpt, $ 70. — 
 causam, origin. 
 
 675-694. Prayer to Ceres and Tellus. — Consortes operum, sc. 
 agricuUurae, in which these goddesses bore a part. — usta, nipped, 
 withered : see on Virg. Geor. i, ll.—latet, sc. semen, i. e. is covered 
 in. — 685. subjectis, sc. terrae.—formicae : see on Virg. Geor. i. 186. 
 — pinguior aequo : see Virg. Geor. i. Ill ; ii.253. — /o/m5, darnel : see 
 Flor. Virg. s. v. — Nee sterilis, etc. : comp. Virg, Buc. v. 37 ; Geor. 
 i. 154. — passiira, etc. The/«r was parched or dried with fire before 
 it was ground, and it was baked or boiled when in meal. 
 
 695-704. Reflections. — din, i. e. during the long period of the 
 
 civil wars. — sarcula, the hoes. This and all other rustic implements 
 
 are fully explained and described in the Terms of Husbandry in our 
 
 Virgil. — tiiae, sc. Germanice. — religala, etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. i. 294. 
 
 H 2 
 
148 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 705-708. Dedication of the temple of the Castors, i. e. Castor and 
 Pollux. This temple, which was vowed during the battle at the 
 lake Regil]us(Hist. of Rome, p. 35), was dedicated two years after, 
 on the Ides of Quinctilis, A. U. 268 (Liv. ii. 42). It is probable 
 that it was burnt A. U, 747, and it was rebuilt by Tiberius and dedi- 
 cated A. U. 759. He inscribed on it his own name, and that of his 
 deceased brother Drusus ; Dion Iv. 27. Its site was on the south 
 side of the Forum, between the temple of Vesta and the Basilica 
 Julia. — de genie deorum, i. e. of the Caesarian family. 
 
 709-724. The altar of Peace. This goddess had hitherto been 
 neglected by the warlike Romans, but Augustus on his return from 
 Gaul, A. U. 741, dedicated an altar to her on the Nones of July, in 
 the Campus Martins : see Fast. Amitern. In 745, after his return 
 a second time from Gaul (Hist. Rom. Emp. p. 16), he dedicated 
 anew an altar to Peace, iii. Kal. Feb. in the same place ; Fast. 
 Praenest. It is of this, that the poet now speaks. — Frondibus Ac- 
 tiacis, Actiac bays, because the battle of Actium ended the civil 
 wars. — 717. primus, the near. — Pacnlibiis Jlamviis, i.e. the fire on 
 the altar of Peace. — propensos, who incline to. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 Introduction, 1-18. Origin of name of February, 19-34. Puri- 
 fications, 35-54. Dedication of temple of Juno Sospita, etc., 55-72. 
 Setting of Lyra and Leo, 73-78 ; of Delphin ; Story of Arion, 
 79-118. Augustus styled Pater Patriae, 119-144. Rising of 
 Aquarius ; Beginning of Spring, 145-152 ; of Arctophylax ; Story of 
 Callisto, 153-192. Fall of the Fabii, 193-242. Rising of Corvus, 
 Anguis, and Crater, 243-266. Lupercalia ; Story of Hercules and 
 Omphale, and of Romulus and Remus, 267-452. Sun enters 
 Pisces, 453-474. Quirinalia, etc., 475-532. Parentalia, 533-616. 
 Caristia, 617-638. Terminalia, 639-684. Regifugium, 685-852. 
 Return of the swallow ; Equiria, 853-864. 
 
 1-18. Introduction. Henceforth we are to recollect, that we 
 are reading the poem as it was originally written, and addressed to 
 Augustus before the poet's banishment in A. U. 763, and we are not 
 to look in it for any event posterior to that year. — elegi, i. e. pentame- 
 ters, the elegiac measure. — nuper. This word, like olim, quondam, etc., 
 
BOOK II. 1-55. 149 
 
 is used in rather an indefinite manner by the Latin poets. Ovid had 
 published his Ars Amatoria in 732, and he had previously published 
 his Heroides and his Amores, all in elegiac verses. — Ecqiiis, etc. 
 Would any one suppose that idle love-verses would have led to 
 such a theme ? — 9. Haec. The constr. is, Haec mil. est viea, i. e. that 
 of celebrating festivals, etc. v. 15. — non vacat, is not without, i. e. it 
 does something. — 14. habilis, fit for, capable of. — Caesar, Augustus. 
 
 19-46. Origin of the name of the month. — Febriia, etc. Februa 
 was the term used by the old Romans for what were afterwards 
 called piamina. Piamen, i. q. jyiamentum, was whatever was used as 
 a icaOapnog or purification { jnirgamentum) for removing dyog or 
 guilt. — dant fidem, prove its correctness. — rege, sc. sacrorum : see 
 on i. 5Q1 .—flamine, sc. diali. — lanas, wool to be used in purifica- 
 tion, which wool was named februa. — Quaeque capit, etc. The 
 parched far and salt {mola salsa), which the Flamen's lictor takes in 
 the Flamen's house for purposes of purification, are called februa. — 
 mica, sc. sails. — 2.5. arbore pura, i. e. the pine, v. 28. — Flaminicam, 
 the wife of the Flamen Dialis. — poscentem, sc. a ministris, when she 
 was oflBciating. — intonsos, i. e. bearded. The old Romans wore 
 their beards till A. U. 454, when barbers were brought from Sicily ; 
 the younger Africanus was the first who had himself shaved daily ; 
 Plin. vii. 59. — secta quia, etc. : see v. 267, seq. — 33. Aid quia, etc., the 
 Parentalia : see v. 533, seq. — pura, i. e. facta pura. — nost^i series, our 
 ancestors, patres, v. \9, avos, v. 30. — 37. Graecia, etc. It was, how- 
 ever, common to the whole ancient world. The Mosaic law also had 
 its rites of purification. — Actoriden, Menoetius, thefather of Patroclus, 
 or rather Patroclus himself: see Hom. II. xxiii. 85. — Phoci, his 
 brother: see Mythology, p. 312, whence it will appear that Ovid 
 makes a mistake here. — 42. Credulus, too ready to believe. — im- 
 merita, which she did not deserve. — Amphiardides, Alcmaeon : see 
 Mythology, p. 480.— /«cz/<?5, sc. credere, i. e. creduli, v. 42. 
 
 47-54. Order of the months. The poet is in great confusion 
 here, for he maintains that January was always the first month in 
 the year, and at the same time that February was the last in the 
 old Roman year : see Introd. § 3. — tamen (i. q. tanderti), sc. obsei-- 
 vandum est. — Termine, i. e. the Terminalia : see v. 639. — spatio, sc. 
 menstrua. — dista7itia tempora, i.e. prid. Kal. Feb. and Kal. Mart. — bis 
 quini viri, the Decemvirs. — continuasse, to have joined. This is 
 mentioned no where else, and we know not how they effected it. 
 He alludes perhaps to the practice of intercalating. 
 
 55-66. Temple of Juno Sospita, and compliment to Csesar. — 
 Principio, etc. It is related (in the Annals) that a temple was 
 
 h3 
 
150 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 dedicated to Juno Sospita (the goddess of Lanuviura ; Mythol. p. 
 312), on the Palatine, near that of the Mother of the Gods. — aucta, 
 honoured : see on i. 612. — quaeris, i. e. si quaeris. — 59. Caetera, sc. 
 templa in Palatino ? Aedem Juventutis aedem Matris Magnae 
 IN Palatio feci ; Marm. Ancyr. tab. i. — duds, Augustus. — Tem- 
 plorum, etc. Jugustum Caesarem templorum omnium conditorem 
 vel restitutorem, Liv. iv. 20. Aedes sacras vetustate collapsas aut in- 
 cendio absumptas refecit. Suet. Oct. 30. Of Tiberius we are told 
 that he was circa deos et religiones negligentior, Suet. Tib. 69, and 
 that he did no more than finish and dedicate three temples com- 
 menced by Augustus ; Tac. Ann. ii. 49. — 65. caelestibus, i. e. to 
 their temples. — Proque tua, etc. and may they keep guard on thy 
 house. We think with Merkel (p. cxxix.) that it- may be the 
 deities that had temples on the Palatine, where Augustus dwelt, that 
 are meant. 
 
 67-72. Other acts on the Kalends. — celebratur, is frequented, is 
 resorted to. — Helerni. This is the conjecture of Heinsius. All 
 the good MSS. read Averni; some of the inferior ones Ast/li, which 
 is altogether absurd, as the Asylum, beside being closed, was on the 
 Capitol, and this grove was on the banks of the Tiber : see on 
 vi. 105. — 69. Ad penetrale, etc. : see on i. 55. — Capitolinum, etc. 
 There was, it would hence appear, beside the sacrifice at the 
 Capitoline temple, one at that of Jupiter Tonans, which stood on 
 the same hill. — Saepe, sc. hoc die. 
 
 1^-lQ. Evening-setting of Lyra ; morning-setting of Leo. — 
 Gemmea juga. So of the chariot of the Sun, Met. ii. 109. Per 
 juga chrysolithi positaeque ex ordine gemmae. — purpweis, brilliant, 
 bright : see on Virg. Buc. ix. 40. — Ilia node, etc. Ovid evidently 
 means that Lyra and Leo both set in the evening, while the truth 
 is that the latter set in the morning of iii. Non. 
 
 79-118. Evening-setting of Delphin. Story of Arion. — node 
 sequente, i. e. Pr. Non., as the setting of Leo was on iii. Non. 
 The real time of the setting of Delphin is Kal. Febr. — caelatum, 
 set, embossed, sc. with stars. The verb caelo was used for relief as 
 well as for engraving. — amoribus, sc. Neptuni, i. e. when he was 
 courting Amphitrite, Eratost. Cat. 31. Hygin. Poet. Astr. i. 17. — 
 Lesbida, For Arion was a native of Methymna, in the isle of 
 Lesbos. The following tale is told by Herodotus (i. 24), who says 
 that it happened in the time of Periander, tyrant of Corinth. — 89. 
 Palladis alite, the owl. — comix, the raven : see Virgil, Excurs. VL 
 This enmity of the raven and the owl, which eat each other's eggs, 
 is noticed by Aristotle (H. A. ix. 1) and Aelian (de Nat. An. iii. 
 
BOOK II. 56-] 53. 151 
 
 9). — Ausonis ora, the coast of Italy. — Inde, i. e. from Tarentuni. — 
 02)es, his wealth. — 101. Quid tibi, etc. cries the poet. — r ef err e, to 
 repeat, play. — coronam. The citharoedus wore a golden crown set 
 with gems, with a palla of cloth of gold and a purple chlamys : see 
 Auct. ad Herenn. iv. 47. — bis, etc. the dibaj^he or double-dyed pur- 
 ple. — suos, its own, its proper sounds. He uses this word probably 
 to show how calm and collected Arionwas. — 109. Flebilibus, etc. The 
 song of the swan in death is a well-known notion of the ancients ; 
 but what the meaning of its temples being pierced through is, we 
 know not. Burmann says that penna is i. q. sagitta, as in Val. Flac. 
 vi. 421. Gierig talks of a hard feather which the swan gets when 
 old ; but of this there is no proof, and besides, how could it enter his 
 head ? — canentia, senilia, as if he were a man . — delpki7ia, a porpoise. 
 The fondness of this fish for melody is well known ; he will follow 
 a boat in which there is music. — 113. pretium vehendi, sc. carmen. 
 — novem. The number of stars in that sign. 
 
 119-144. Conferring on Augustus of the title of Pater Patriae. 
 — quo, sc. peclore. — alterno pectine, i. e. in elegiac verse, v. 3. — Quid 
 volui, etc. Imitated from Virg. Buc. ii. 38, 60. — erat, i.q. est. 
 The imperf. is often thus used like the Greek yv : see on Hor. Ep. i. 
 4, 6. — 127. Sancte, etc. The people first gave him this title, send- 
 ing deputies for the purpose to him at Antium. On his refusal 
 they repeated it at Rome ; and then in the senate-house, Valerius 
 Messala, at the general desire, thus addressed him : Quod bonum 
 faustuvique sit tibi domuique tuae, Caesar Auguste : sic enim nos per- 
 petuam felicitatem Reipublicae et laeta huic precari existimamus : 
 Senatus te consentiens cum Po-jmlo Romano consalutat Patrem Patriae. 
 Suet. Oct. 38. A fragment of a Tab. Praenest. (ap. Foggini, p. 
 xii.) informs us that this was Non. Febr. 732. — Eques (collective), 
 i. e. equites. Ovid was of this order. — tuendo. He avoided aggres- 
 sive wars. — 136. solis, etc. both sides of the Sun, i.e. east and west. 
 — hie castas, etc. Alluding to his laws on the subject of marriage. — 
 ] 40. luco, sc. Asyli. — ptindpis, sc. senatus, Augustus' favourite title. 
 — incusat, sc. crudelitatis. — hostibus. Those who bore arms under 
 Antonius and others, or perhaps those who conspired against him. 
 — patrem, Julius Caesar. 
 
 143-148. The morning-rising of Aquarius.— jower Idaeus, the 
 Trojan boy, Ganymedes, the cup-bearer of the gods, supposed to be 
 this sign. 
 
 149-132, Beginning of Spring. 
 
 133-192. Evening-rising of Arctophylax or Bootes. Story of 
 Callisto : see Met. ii. 401, seq. ; Mythology, p. 423. — Hamadry- 
 h4 
 
152 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 adas, I. e. Ni/mphas. The poets frequently thus use the species for 
 the genus. — 156. c/zon', the train. — 173. hycaoni. She M'as daughter 
 of Lycaon. — Arcton, "ApKTov, Bear. — Arctophylax, ' ApKToipvXaS,, 
 bear-keeper. — Saevit, etc. The Bear never sets. 
 
 193-242. The Faunalia. The fall of the Fabii. — agrestis. He 
 was a rural deity : see Mythology, p. 537. — Haec ubi, etc. In the 
 Island, beside the temples of Jupiter and Aesculapius (i. 291), stood 
 that of Faunus. This temple, which was built with the money 
 arising from fines, was dedicated A. U. 338 (Liv. xxxii. 38), in the 
 same year with that of Jupiter. Livy speaks of them as distinct 
 temples, but Vitruvius would seem to make them one, for he says 
 (iii. 2, 4, Tauch.) : Hujus exemplar est in insula Tiberina in aede 
 Jovis et Fauni. — Haec (sc. quoqzie), etc. The poet makes a 
 considerable mistake here ; for though this may have been the day 
 on which they set out from Rome, A. U. 273, that of their fall was 
 XV. Kal. Sex. 277 ; Liv. vi. 1 : see Hist, of Rome, pp. 73, IQ.—Ter 
 centum, etc. that is 306, the conj, omitted, as in ter quater and such 
 like expressions. — vires et onus, i. e. the burden of the Veientine 
 war. — gentiles, i. e. of the gens. — professa, which they had promised. 
 — castris ab isdem. By this is probably meant the house of the 
 consul before which they assembled. Liv. ii. 49 The Fabii, it 
 would appear, dwelt chiefly on the Quirinal (Hist, of Rome, p. 117, 
 noteX), and we may therefore suppose the order of their march to 
 have been down that hill, along the valley to the temple of Janus, 
 over the Forum, along the Vicus Jugarius, out at the Carmental 
 gate, over the Campus Martins. They then crossed the Tiber by 
 a bridge, probably where the Milvian was afterwards built ; for 
 those writers who suppose no bridge over the river at that time 
 but the Sublician are, we think, in error. — generosus, noble : comp. 
 i. 391. — 200. E quis, etc. Q.uorum neminem ducem spe7'neret egregius 
 quibiislibet tem2)oribus senatus, Liv. /. c. — Carmentis (gen. of person), 
 etc. We would render this place thus : The nearest way to go 
 out there is by the right-hand Janus of the Carmental gate, do not 
 however go that way ; for Livy says : Infelici via dextro Jano Portae 
 Carmentalis profecti. For the double Roman gates, see on i. 257. 
 Merkel gives dextra, which is the reading of all the good MSS. 
 but with Becker we prefer that adopted by Heinsius, as the only 
 one agreeing with the fact. There was no temple of Janus in this 
 place ; that afterwards built by Duillius was at the theatre of 
 Marcellus, and the Forum Olitorium lay between it and the Car- 
 mental gate. — omen habet, Dion (fr. 26) says : koX tclq irvkaq . . . 
 iv aTtjxiq, STroirjcravTO waTS fjLijdsva Si avrwv lip^ovra Siievai. — Ilia 
 
BOOK II. 156-282. 153 
 
 fama, etc. This distich is bracketed by Burmann, and omitted by Mer- 
 kel. But it is in most even of the good MSS., is rather Ovidian, and 
 seems wanting for the sense. We must recollect that the poem 
 was left unfinished. — 205. rapacem, i. q. rapiduvi : see Vii-g. Excurs. 
 I. When one recollects M'hat mere rivulets all the streams, except 
 the Anio, in the vicinity of Rome are, this epithet must appear 
 rather strong. — hibernis : see v. 152. — loco, sc. ojyportitno, i.e. on the 
 banks of the stream. We may here observe that Veii itself was 
 only ten miles from Rome : Hist, of Rome, p. 107.— 226. simplex, 
 guileless, unsuspicious. — silvis, i. e. arundinetis : comp. Virg. Aen. x. 
 706, seq., a passage he evidently had in view. — longe actus, driven 
 far out of. — 237. Herculeae gentis, i. e. the Fabii, who claimed 
 descent from Hercules by a daughter of Evander's. — Maxime, 
 Fabius Cunctator : see on i. 605. — Cui res, etc. Unus homo nobis 
 cunctando restituit rem, Enn. Ann. viii. 27. 
 
 243-266. Evening-rising of the three conjoined signs, the 
 Crow, the Crater, and the Snake, and their origin ; see Theon on 
 Arat. Phaen. 449 ; Eratosth. Catast. 41 ; Hygin. P. A. AQ.— Forte 
 Jovi, etc. The inferior gods thus honoured the superior : see iv. 
 423 ; Aesch. Prom. 526. — tenuem, thin, i. e. light and clear.— j^owiis. 
 So all fruits were called that did not grow in bunches : see on 
 Virg. Buc. i. 81. — earn, \. q. ficiim, the tree for the fruit. — 257. 
 Jamque satur, i. e. when the fruit had ripened. — 260. tenidt. This 
 verb is here used in two senses, in accordance with the words it 
 governs. — velle, to want, to try : see on Hor. Sat. i. 4, 109. — lac- 
 tens : see on i. 351. The juice, however, of the unripe fig 
 {oKvvQoq) was termed lac. Macrob. ii. 16; Plin. N. H. xv. 21. 
 — De nidlo, etc. Corvi . . . aegrescunt sexagenis diebus, siti maxime, 
 antequam fid coquantur autumno, Plin. N. H. x. 12. 
 
 267-282. The Lupercalia : see Excursus III. — nudos, i. e. with- 
 out their upper garments : see Hist, of Rome, p. 89, note. They 
 wore only a TrspiZajfia, or campestre : see Plut. Q. R. 68. — Fauni 
 bicornis. Because they confounded him with the Grecian Pan, 
 who was horned, which the Italian Faunus was not. — phmmus, very 
 much, i. e. he frequents. — in mare currit. This is not quite correct, 
 for it falls into the Alpheus.— 277. equarum. Most MSS. read 
 aquarum, which Burmann defends, as Pan was uktio^. Theocr. v. 
 14. — Munus, an ofl^ering. — Pelasgis, i. e. the Arcadians, who were 
 supposed to be of Pelasgian descent : see Hist, of Greece, p. 9. — 
 Flamen, etc. The Flamen Dialis always officiated in the Luper- 
 calia. — erit. Many MSS. read erat. Burmann conjectured agit, 
 which Gierig adopted. 
 
 H 5 
 
154 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 283-302. Inquiry why the Luperci ran naked. — Ipse deus, etc. 
 First reason, they imitate the god himself.— /ztgfls. The great 
 majority of MSS., some of the best included, read feras. — Ante 
 Jovem, etc. Second reason ; they commemorate the original state 
 of man in Arcadia. — luna, etc. : see on i. 469. — agitata, i. q. acta. — 
 usus, occupations.— //-Mgiiw^, corn.— 294. Nectar,\. e. vinum. — duabus, 
 etc. A well-known mode of drinking water from streams in the 
 country.— iSwi Jove, i. e. sub dio, in the open air : comp. Hor. 
 Carm. i. 1, 25; 22, 20. — detecti, i.e. nudi, sc. Luperci. He says 
 detecti because they put off their clothes for the occasion. — opes, 
 condition. 
 
 303-358. Reason why Faunus, i. e. Pan, went naked. — dominae, 
 i. e. Omphale, queen of Lydia, to whom he had been sold by 
 Hermes. Mythology, p. 365. — ardor, love, like ignis, fiamma, etc. 
 — Ibat, etc. He here had Horace, Carm. iii. 20, 14, evidently in 
 his mind. — 310. Maeonis, Omphale, the Maeonian or Lydian. — 
 aurato simi, her tunic, in which gold threads were interwoven : see 
 V. 319. Sinus for tunica, part for whole, like carina for navis, etc. 
 Auratus includes every way in which gold is united with other sub- 
 stances, either by gilding or otherwise. — umbracula (only used in 
 plur.), aKiaSiiov, umbrella or parasol. It was formed as at present, 
 and opened and shut. Ipse tene distenta siiis umbracula virgis, 
 A. A. ii. 209. Td 6' ura j av aov vq Ai' t^eTtsTavvvro "OcTTtp 
 aKiaSeiov Kai irakiv ^vvijjtro, Aristoph. Eq. 1347. See the figure 
 in our Mythology, Plate vi. 5. — Hesperus, etc. Hesperus 
 is dewy, because the dews begin to fall while he is shining 
 in the summer-evening, and he rides a dark horse because night is 
 then closing in. This verse of his favourite poet may have been 
 in Milton's mind when he wrote ' Hesperus that led The starry 
 host rode brightest,' P. L. iv. 605. — topUs, the tufa litoides, a vol- 
 canic product : see on Virg. Geor. ii, 214. — pumice. This is any 
 rock with fissures in it. Virg. Geor. iv. 44. — 321. vincla, proba- 
 bly the arm-bands. — exseruisse, i. q. exserere. — 324. vincula, the 
 sandals. — 327. sua, their, as it belonged to the arrows.— -/zinc^z, sc. 
 sunt. — 333. somno, etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. ix. 316. — praefert, 
 holds before him. — MS. folate, i.q. sorfe. — 356. puella, i.e. young 
 woman. — htsus, i. e. elusus or delusus. 
 
 359-380. Domestic origin of the rite. — causas. Plur. for sing. 
 — suopulvere, its own (i. e. Italian) arena or course. — caesa, sc. in 
 sacrificio. — veribus. These might, perhaps, have been not spits, but 
 a kind of forks, by which the meat was held over the fire, as in the 
 heroic ages : see Horn. II. i. 465 ; Od. iii. 33. Transuta, however, 
 
BOOK II. 283-411. 155 
 
 accords better with spits. — exta, the meat ; v. 376 : see on Virg. 
 Geor. ii. 395. — 367. Vectibus, pitching the bar. Some of the 
 best MSS. read vestibus, several others cestibus. — missi, etc. putting 
 the stone. — 373. Fabii, etc. : see the Excursus. — 380. quod bene 
 cessit, their succeeding, though naked, in recovering the prey. 
 
 381-424. Origin of the words Lupercal and Lupercalia. Expo- 
 sure of Romulus and Remus. — ille locus, the cavern on the east 
 side of the Palatine, named the Lupercal. — necari, to be put to 
 death ; here, to be drowned. — 386. Quid fads? sc.patrue. An ex- 
 clamation in the poet's usual manner. — Romulus, i. e. the founder of 
 the mighty Rome. — recusantes, reluctant, refusing as far as they 
 dared. — Albula. This was said to have been the original name of 
 the Tiber : comp, Liv. i. 3. — hibernis, etc., swollen by rain : comp. v. 
 206. — The Latins used hiems and its derivations as the Greeks did 
 xsi/xwj' and its kindred terms. It was not winter, as the wolf does 
 not bear at that season : see v. 4.13.— fora, the Forum Romanum, 
 as the valles in next verse is only that of the Circus, or it may in- 
 clude the Fora Julium and Augustum. — lintres, etc. Because 
 before the city was drained by the Cloaca Maxima and other 
 sewers, and the river banked out by the quay, the low grounds of 
 Rome used to be frequently flooded. — 393. Hue, i. e. into the 
 valley of the Forum, v. 389. According to Fabius Pictor they 
 came down from the Palatine, but see Hist, of Rome, p. IL — 
 Longius. Because the river had overflowed. — iste, i. e. Romulus. — 
 quern e vobis, w^iich of you. Two MSS. of inferior note read 
 quern vobis, which all the editors but Merkel have adopted. — 40 L 
 Fen-et opem, etc. The gods could not, any more than man, act in 
 more than one place at a time, according to the ideas of the an- 
 cients. — Vagierimt. This, though the reading of only one MS. of 
 note, but that the best, has been adopted by all the editors. The 
 MSS. in general read vagierant, to which, as the pluperf. is so often 
 used for the perf,, we cannot see any great objection. He had 
 already (Her. xi.85) said : Vagitus dedit ille miser, sensisse putares. — 
 alveus, the bole or ark in which they were placed. — 411. Arbor 
 erat, etc. The Ruminal fig-tree, at the foot of which the babes 
 were found by the wolf, was close to the Lupercal (Dionys. i. 79 ; 
 Serv. Aen. viii. 90), but it was gone in our poet's time (comp. 
 Dionys. /. c), and a tree had been planted in the Comitium, to 
 which that name was given. Tac. Ann. xiii. 38 ; Plin. xv. 18. 
 Hence Ovid says that the one which was then so called was not 
 the real tree. The editors have from various MSS. made a read- 
 ing : Rumina nunc ficus Romida ficus erat.—feta, that had just 
 H 6 
 
156 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 whelped : see on Virg. Buc. i. 50. — icbera ducunt, i. e. suck. — 420, 
 promissi, sent down, sc. by nature, i. e. intended for them. — ilia, sc. 
 liipa. — nomen, i.e. Lupercal — 423. Quid, etc. The name may also 
 have a Greek origin and come from Lycaeus, an epithet of Pan in 
 Arcadia. 
 
 423-452. Origin of the practice of barren women throwing 
 themselves in the way of the Luperci, in order to be struck by 
 their goat-skin thongs. — qicid exspectas ? why do you wait ? why do 
 you not make haste ? — herbis, etc., the three usual modes of trying 
 to remove infecundity. The herbs were of course taken in decoc- 
 tions. — Nam, etc. The reason why the blow of the Luperci has 
 that power. — 430. Reddebant, etc. i. e. bore hardly any children. — 
 injuria, act contrary to what was right. — nurus, wives, properly 
 daughters-in-law. — 435. Monte, etc. The site of the lucus and 
 temple of Juno Lucina, on the Esquiline, is uncertain. It has long 
 been thought that the temple was close to the present church of 
 Sta Maria Maggiore, and that the rows of marble columns in the 
 interior of that church had belonged to that ancient temple. But 
 there is no proof of this, and from the order of the Argean chapels 
 it might rather seem that it is to be sought on the part of the hill 
 over the Subura and the Via Urbana. — suh. This appears to indi- 
 cate that the grove was on the side of the hill. — nomine, in the name 
 of, i. e. sacred to.— lucos, i. e. lucum, v. 436. This and nomina, v. 449, 
 leave no doubt of the use of plur. for sing., a practice to which Ovid 
 was very partial. — 449. Gratia, sc. redditur. — dedit, etc. Two origins 
 of the name of Lucina, of which the latter is the more probable. — 
 Aut quia, etc. We would understand this of her bringing children 
 into the light of day. There is no reason for supposing Juno 
 Lucina to have been the moon. — puellis, young women, v. 356. 
 
 453-474. Entrance of the Sun into Pisces. — dies, sc. Luperca- 
 liorum.^'uerit, sc. cum. — et sex, etc. i. e. during these six days the 
 winds blow as they list. — obliqua urna. For that is its position on 
 the sphere. — quondam, i. e. in the Giant war. — 461. Diane, Venus, 
 whom the Alexandrian and the Latin poets confound with her 
 mother. — Palaestinae. This is incorrect, for Palestine never ex- 
 tended to the Euphrates, but he may use it as i. q. Syria. — hos 
 quoque. Venus and Cupid, as well as the banks of the stream. — 
 473. Inde, etc. He here confounds Venus with the Derceto or 
 Atergatis of the Syrians, who abstained from fish, as that was the 
 form of their goddess. Luc. de Dea Syr. 14. — timidi, sc. deoruni, 
 i. e. superstitious : see on Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 295. 
 
 475-512. The Quirinalia. — vacua, sc. nota, i.e. there is nothing 
 
BOOK II. 419-536. 1.57 
 
 marked in the Fasti on the xiv. Kal. Mart. — tertia, i. e. the next 
 day, as they reckoned inclusively. — a telo, sc. dictus. — nam pater 
 armipotens, i. e. Mars. This is to be connected with v. 475. — 487. 
 Unus, etc. This is a verse of Ennius : see Varro, L. L. vii. 6. He 
 uses it also Met. xiv. 814. They are the words of Jupiter, of 
 w'hich Mars reminds him. — unus, sc. filiorum tuorum. — 491. Capreae 
 paludem, alyoQ rj ^npKog 'iXog. It was in the Campus Martins. — 
 496. Fit fuga. Hence the day was named Populifugium. — rex 
 patriis, etc. Hac Quirinus Martis eqids Achei^ontafugit, Hor. Carm. 
 iii. 3, 15. Both poets evidently followed Ennius. — patrcs, sc. erant. 
 — 500. surgebat. The common reading is fulgebat.—facis. They 
 used, when journeying by night, to carry a lighted torch ; comp. iv. 
 167. — trahea : see on i. 37. — decorus, i.e. decoratus : see Virgil p. 
 344. — 505. Prohibe, etc. He had probably in his mind Ennius' 
 epitaph, Nevio me decoret lacrimis, etc. — 511. collis, sc. Qidrinalis. — 
 ccrti. Because it was one of the stative festivals : see Introd. ^ 3. 
 
 513-532. Reason why the Quirinalia was also named the Festa 
 Stultorum. Origin of the Fornacalia. — N'o7t habuit, etc. It would 
 seem to be the Romans alone that he had in view. — -jaciebant, sc. 
 in terrain, sowed. — Usibus, by experience. — 521. torrenda : see on 
 i. 693. — Nam modo, etc., by leaving it till it was burnt black. — laeti 
 (i. e. laetati) Fornace, delighting in Fornax. This deity, who is 
 mentioned only by Ovid, Merkel thinks (p. cxv.) may possibly be 
 the same with Stata Mater, for whom see Mythology, p. 514. — 
 Orant, sc. earn. — temperet, govern, regulate, i. e. keep from burning. 
 — 327. Curio, etc. The festival of the Fornacalia, which was con- 
 ceptive, was given out by the Curio Maximus. — Inque Foro, etc. 
 We confess we do not clearly understand this and the following 
 verses. The Curiae were an original patrician institution, with 
 which the Plebs, who are here meant, never had any thing to do. It 
 would seem, however, that the Fornacalia was kept by the people 
 in their tribes, Kara cpvXag, as Plutarch expressly says (Q. R. 89), 
 and that those who did not do so, as he adds, ^t' do-xoXtaj/ r) 
 aTro^tjjxiav fj dyvoiav, kept it on the Quirinalia. — extrema die, as 
 being the last opportunity of doing it. — relata, brought back, i.e. 
 repeated. 
 
 533-570. The Parentalia : see Excursus IV. — est honor, etc. i. e. 
 Beside those festivals already mentioned, there is one in honour 
 of the dead. — exstructas pyras, i.e. tmnulos, the places where the 
 funeral pyres had been, and which had burned out. — Manes, i. e. 
 animae paternae, v. 533. The Dii Manes. — 536. Styx ima, i. e. the 
 abode of the Manes. The Latin religion had no term answering 
 
158 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 to the Greek Erebus. — 537. Tegula. This is i. q. testa, v. 540, and 
 is either a tile or an earthen platter. — ^^jon-ec^i*, offered, presented : 
 see on i. 646. ProjecHs, the various reading of one very inferior MS. 
 has been adopted by Heinsius, Burmann, and Gierig, and they 
 understand garlands that had been thrown away in the streets by 
 persons returning from banquets ! — sparsae, etc. i. e. a Mola salsa. — 
 solutae, single, not made into garlands. — media via, etc. This may 
 either mean that these things were to be put on a piece of broken 
 crockery-ware picked up in the street, or that the offering was to 
 be left on the road. The Roman tombs were in general on the 
 road-sides, as that of the Scipios, of Caecilia Metella, and others 
 on the Appian road. — sua, suitable, appropriate. — pietatis, sc. 
 in parentes. — 545. Ille patris, etc. : see Virg. Aen. v. 53, 94. 
 There appears to be somewhat of an error here in using Genius 
 for Manes, for the Genius belonged only to a living person : see 
 Mythology, p. 525. — Parentales. As the name of this festival was 
 VaxenisXi&.—deseruere, i. e. neglected. — omine ab isto, from that 
 omen, i. e. sign, signal as it were. — suburbanis. Because the dead 
 were burnt outside of the walls of the city. — questi, sc. sunt. — avi, 
 the ancestors in general. — 554. Deformes, shapeless, indistinct. — 
 viodus, termination. This sense is frequent in Virgil and Horace. — 
 557. cessate, sc. a matrbnonio. — pinea taeda, the nuptial torch, which 
 was of pine-wood. — cupidae, eager to have her married. — coviat, 
 etc. The well-known Roman custom of dividing the hair of a 
 maiden-bride with the caelibaris hasta, as a small spear-shaped in- 
 strument used for that purpose was named. — alias, different, per- 
 haps i. q. alienas. — 564./oct, same as the preceding arae. — nunc posito. 
 It may be doubted if this was a genuine Roman belief, and not 
 rather the Grecian idea introduced by the poet : see the viKvia 
 in the Odyssey. — nee tamen haec, etc. : see the Excursus, ad Jin. — 
 ultra, sc.fiunt. — Hanc, etc. The meaning is, that this last day of the 
 Parentalia is named the Feralia. For the employment of hie and 
 ille with the same object, see on Hor. Ep. i. 6, 23. — Feralia. In 
 the derivation of this word he follows Varro, who says (L. L. vi. 
 13), Feralia, ab inferis et ferendo, quod ferunt turn epulas ad 
 sepulchrum quibusjus est parentare. — justa, i.e. epulas. 
 
 571-582. Offering to Muta or Tacita. — anus annosa, a very old 
 woman. Anus may come from annus. — Et digitis, etc. With 
 three fingers she puts three grains of thus into a mousehole under 
 the threshold. Three and seven were the magic numbers. — brevis, 
 i. e. parvus. — cantata, charmed, over which she has murmured magic 
 verses.— /m5co plumbo, black lead. This is the reading of all the 
 
BOOK II. 537-615. 159 
 
 good MSS. ; two of inferior note give rhombo as a various reading, 
 and this had been adopted by all the editors after Heinsius, till 
 Krebs restored the reading of the MSS, In like manner in 
 Amm. i. 8, 7, we have the two readings plumbo&nA rhombo, with the 
 preponderance of authority in favour of the former. The rhombus or 
 top, we know, was of great use in magic, but so also was lead ; and 
 Neapolis on this place quotes thus from Psellus de Daemonibus : 
 Aaifiovia paara x^ipovrai Trapa rov jiiapov ruiv yoi^Twv ysvovg 
 ljLo\i[iS(i) Kai Kjypfp, Kai XsTrry TrpoaSsOsvTa /xiriij Sia rCJv dOifiiriov 
 a(poKpi(Tfi{ov TrdQi] rpayiKci KarepydZovrai. — Quodque pice, etc. 
 Another part of this juggling was to take the head of the cheap com- 
 mon fish called the maena, to fasten its mouth with pitch and a needle, 
 and then to roast it in the fire. This was plainly symbolical. The 
 silence of fishes is well-known, and it was made still more so if 
 possible, and then put in the fire, to show, as it were, that no force 
 would make it break silence. In the selection of the Maenia 
 there is an evident allusion to the name of Mania, the same as 
 Lara. Maenae is the conjecture of Heinsius, the MSS. reading 
 menta or mentae, one mane, another menae. Bergk proposed vmlli. 
 — Hostiles, etc. The reason of this practice. — ebria, i. e. having 
 drunk well. 
 
 583-616. Who this goddess was. — antiquos senes, the old ancients, 
 the forefathers. He means that he had read it in old books or 
 learned it from tradition. The legend, which is quite contrary to 
 the religious system of the old Romans, was invented in imitation 
 of those of Greece. — cognatas. Because she was a water-nymph, 
 — 598. Quaeque colunt, etc. i. e. the nymphs of the Anio, to the god 
 of which river Ilia or Silvia was married ; see Am. iii. 6, 45 seq. 
 — prima sed illi, etc., i. e. her name was Lala, from \a\ia. — Alma. 
 The god of that river, whom he makes her father. — miserata, i. e. 
 mi^erans, pitying, or rather saying she pitied. — mqjtam, i. e. Juno, 
 who was married. — 607. intumiiit, sc. ira. — monet, i. q. admonet, 
 desires, directs. — geminos, etc. These are the Lares Praestites, the 
 public Lars of Rome, and not the private ones of families : see 
 on V. ] 29. — urbe. Gierig and Krebs ignorantly read aede, with two 
 MSS. and the editions anterior to that of Heinsius. 
 
 615-636. The Caristia. This festival does not occur in any of 
 the Kalendars but the Fasti rustic. Fames., and it is only noticed 
 by Ovid and Valerius Maximus, who says (ii. 1, 8), Convivium 
 etiam sollemne majores instituerunf, idque Caristia appellaverunt, cui 
 praeter cognates et affines nemo interponebattir ; ut si qua inter neces- 
 sarios querela esset orta aimd sacra mensae et inter hilaritatem animo- 
 
160 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 rum, fautoribus concordiae adhibitis, tolleretur. — Proxima, sc.festa. — 
 socios deos, i. e. the gods of the family, the Penates. Some inferior 
 MSS, (which the editors in general have followed) read sodas 
 dapes. — prop'inqua, kindred. — qui periere, who are gone for ever. — 
 ora referre, to turn the face, to return. — 623. impius, unnatural, like 
 Atreus and Thj'estes, v. Q21.—acerba, bitter, cruel, like Medea, v. 
 627. — v'wax, so. nimium. — Et quae, etc. Ino : see Mythology, p. 
 332. — soror, Philomela. — duabits miquus. From saevomque ambobus 
 Achillen, Virg. Aen. i. 458. — 631. Dls generis bonis, i.e. the Dii 
 Manes. — libate, take a small portion from. — incinctos, i. e. succinctos. 
 The mis intensive, as in infractus: comp. v. 217, 675. Incinctus 
 cinctu Gabino, Liv. viii. 9. — patella. This is the proper name of 
 the plate or dish on which offerings of food were made to the gods : 
 see vi. 310 ; Liv. xxvi. 36 ; Val. Max. iv. 4, 3. Reperiemus asotosita 
 non religiosos, ut edant de patella, Cic. de Fin. ii, 7. Oportet bonum 
 civem parere legibus et deos colere in patellam dare fitKpov Kpeag. 
 Varr. ap. Non. s. v. It was, however, used also of a common 
 plate : see Hor. Ep. i. 5, 2. — Parca, etc. It was the custom at 
 the conclusion of a banquet to pour out a small libation accompa- 
 nied with prayei's for health and prosperity, the origin of our 
 drinking healths. It had now become the custom to unite the 
 name of Augustus in the prayer. — vos, sc. valere precor. — bona verba, 
 sc. haec. — ter. This is the conjecture of Heinsius, and it has been 
 adopted by Merkel alone. The MSS. read per, or sint, or 2}ost ; 
 as also many of them sacra for bona. 
 
 639-684. The Terminalia. — sive lapis, etc. The Terminus or 
 mark of boundary was sometimes a stone, sometimes a stock. The 
 poet here alludes to the old form of prayer, sive deus sive dea. — 
 Una, i. q. duo: see Zumpt, § 119. — 645. Curto testu, in a small 
 earthen vessel (see Heins. ht loc, and our Horace, Sat. i. 6, 104), 
 or, perhaps, on a pot-sherd. " There shall not be found in the 
 bursting of it a shred to take fire from the hearth," Isaiah xxx. 14. — 
 humo. This seems to be the clay or sods of which the altar was 
 made. — irritat, excites, blows up. — canistra, i. q. canistrum, the 
 basket in which were the corn, etc. — incisos, cut up : see on v. 634. 
 — libantur : see v. 636. — Candida, white, as wearing \vhite clothes : 
 comp. i. 80. — lactens, sucYmg : see i. 351. — 659. Tu populos, etc. 
 This is the poet's hymn, not that of the peasants. — Si tu, etc. : see 
 Herod, i. 82 ; Hist, of Greece, p. lA.—lectus. This is the conjec- 
 ture of Barthius, and which has been adopted by all the editors but 
 Burmann. The reading of the MSS. is tectus. Barthius was led 
 to it by this verse of Statins (Th. iv. 47), Et Lacedaemonium 
 
BOOK II. 617-729. 161 
 
 Thyre lectura cruorem. The exclamation in the following verse 
 seems to confirm this sense ; we also doubt if tectiis in ai^mis be 
 correct Latin, and this circumstance, though unnoticed by Herodo- 
 tus, is mentioned by Valerius Maximus, iii. 4, Extern. — in aede, 
 i. e. in the place selected for its site : see Hist, of Rome, p. 27. — 
 671. Nunc, etc. : see Serv. Aen. ix. 448. Lact. de Fals. Rel. i. 20. 
 — post illud, etc. i. e. after resisting Jupiter so effectually, there is 
 no reason why you should give way to the encroachments of men, 
 and allow yourself to be moved for the gratification of unjust 
 cupidity. — regna, i. e. Laur. agros. — 681. Illae, etc. Mera^v yovv 
 row irsfiTTTov Kai tov eictov \i9ov rCov to. fxiXia SiacrrjixatvovTUiv rrJQ 
 'PwixrjQ KaXelrai tottoq <t>/j(7rot* Tovrov S' opiov aiiOtpaivovai TrJQ 
 TOTS 'Pw/xaiwv yris, di 9' iepofJivr'ii.iovss Ovcrlav kTriTiXoiKJiv kvrav9d 
 TS Kai sv aWoig TOTi-oig 7rX«(0(TJV (bg opioig ah9r]p.ep6v, i]v KaXovmv 
 'Aiifiapovtav. Strab. v. p. 351. It would hence appear that they 
 sacrificed to Terminus at the Ambarvalia. ^Ve have met with 
 no mention of a place named Festi, and Strabo does not say on 
 what road it lay. — urbis, etc. One of those plays on words which 
 our poet loved. ^ 
 
 685 — 852. The Regifugium : see Hist, of Rome, p. 27, seq. 
 
 685-710. The taking of Gabii. — manifesta, sc. by his treachery 
 and cruelty. — Occidite, etc. Jamdudum sumite poenas ; Hoc Ithacus 
 velit et magno mercentur Atridae, Virg. Aen. ii. 103. — tueatur, carry 
 on. A curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus, helium tueor et tueri 
 villavi, Varro, L. L. vii, 12. This is a very unusual use of this 
 verb, for properly a man tuitur what is his own. — cqjpellat, addresses, 
 asks. Crebris nos litteris appellato, Cic. ad Fam. xv. 20. — 703. 
 odoratis, sweet-smelling, fragrant. The part, past of the deponent 
 is used in the ordinary manner for the part. act. of the active verb 
 odoro. — suberat, sc. tirbi. — Mia summa, i. e. the tops of the lilies. — 
 mala, i. q. nudata ; see our Virgil, p. 345. 
 
 711-720. A prodigy. — altaribus. We may here observe that 
 good authors never use this noun in the sing. — 713. Consiilitur, sc. 
 Delphis. — Matri, etc. This answer was given to another question, 
 but the poet prolsably supposed his readers to be familiar with all 
 the circumstances. — turba. There were only two of them. — 
 720. Creditur, sc. ab iis. Several good MSS. read creditm. — 
 offenso, sc. in terrain, in lapidem. 
 
 721-852. Story of Lucretia. — Luditur, Impers. — Tarquinius juve- 
 nis, i. e. Sextus. — rege crealus, i. e. Sextus. This is one among 
 many proofs of the unfinished state of the poem. — 729. in officio, 
 in its duty, i.e. faithful. Fundanos in officio esse, Li v. viii. 19. 
 
162 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 — cut clarum, etc. as being the son of Egerius : see Hist, of Rome, 
 p. 22. — tollamur (a mid. voice), let us mount. — fore : see on Hor. 
 Sat. i. 2, 67. — 739. nurum. In Livy it is nurus, but Ovid seems to 
 have had Sextus alone in view. It may, however, be a collective. 
 — hide, etc. They then went to Collatia, which was ten miles 
 off. — tenui, low and soft. — 746. lacerna, a military cloak. — esse 
 super, i. e. superesse. — Posimodo, etc. You will be sure to fall at 
 last, since you are resisting better men than your own. — Resto 
 (i. e. resisio) is intensive of sto : see our Horace, Excurs. IV. Dum 
 pugnant Danai, dum restat barbarus Hector, Prop. iii. 7, 31. Nunc 
 paucis pbires vLv restatis, Liv. xxiii. 45.— 780. iwc/igrao, which did 
 not deserve it. — 785. aerata, plated with copper.— iZos^is, etc. 
 This play on words occurs also in Livy, and it was probably in 
 Ennius. — 790. hostibus, i.e. hosti, in the poet's usual manner. — 812. 
 quanto stetit, what a price it cost. — 832. in patrios pedes, at the feet 
 of her father. — 837. sua nomijia, i. e. nomen. Brutus is stupid, — 
 843. profuga, i, e. 2^'>'ofugata. — 847. Fertur, i. e. effertur. — lacrimas, 
 etc., tears for herself, hatred for the tyrant. Invidia often occurs 
 in this sense. -^r 
 
 853-856, First appearance of the swallow. Pliny (ii. 47) places 
 this on the viii. Kal., Columella on ■vii.'Ka.\.^verispraemintia.''Hpog 
 ciyyeXos iiitp6(p(DV0£ drjSwv, Sappho. — qua (i. e. aliqua^, sc. parte. 
 — tuofngore, i. e. tefrigida. 
 
 857-864. The Equiria or horse-races, in the Campus Martius, 
 in honour of Mars. — citos, roused, excited ; part, of cieo. — ex vero. 
 Because they were so named ab equis. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 Invocation to Mars, 1-8. Birth and early history of Romulus 
 and Remus, 9-70. Origin of month of March, &c., 87-166. 
 Matronalia, 167-258. Origin of the Salii, 259—398. Setting of 
 Pisces, 399-402. Setting of Arctophylax, and rising of Vinde- 
 mitor, 403-414. Augustus made Pontifex Maximus, 415-428. 
 Dedication of temple of Vedjovis, 429-448. Rising of Pegasus, 
 449-458. Rising of Crown of Ariadne ; its origin, 459-516. 
 Equiria, 517-522. Feast of Anna Perenna ; its origin, 523-696. 
 Death of Julius Caesar, 697-710. Setting of Scorpio, 711, 712. 
 
BOOK III. 1-78. 168 
 
 Liberalia, 713-790. Rising of Milvus; its origin, 791-808. Quin- 
 quatrus, 809-850. Sun enters Aries ; origin of that sign, 851-876. 
 Equinox, 877-878. Worship of Janus, Concordia, Salus, and Pax, 
 879-882. Tempie of Luna dedicated, 883, 884. 
 
 1-8. Invocation to Mars, — nitidas, etc., i. e. take off your helmet. 
 — quid sit, etc., what the poet, whose occupation is so peaceful, can 
 have to do with the god of war. — poetae, sc. mihi : comp. ii. 9. 
 
 9-78. Birth of Romulus and Remus, and founding of Rome. — 
 Romana. The poet, like Horace (Carm. iii. 9, 8), seems to have 
 forgotten that the scene was at Alba, and that Rome did not exist 
 as yet. — Cejjit. This is a usual term. Cynthia prima suis miserum 
 me cepit ocellis. Prop. i. 1, 1. But the poet may be playing on the 
 word. — moveri, sc. cannen. Cantusqne movete, Virg. Aen. vii. 641. — 
 sacra, etc. She went down to the river (but we doubt if there was 
 any stream near Alba) to fetch pure water for washing the sacred 
 utensils. — Ventum erat, sc. ab ea. — 14. Ponitur, i. e. deponitur. It 
 has always been the custom in the South to carry the pitcher on 
 the head: comp. Am. i. 10, 6 ; Prop. iv. 4, 16. In the East the 
 women carried it on one shoulder ; Gen. xxiv. 45. — restituit, settled, 
 put in order. It is a natural and a pleasing image, a girl settling 
 up her hair which had been disordered.— ^/e/e/Zz^, concealed : see on 
 Hor. Ep. i. 6, 46. — 22. ope, power, — gravis, i. q. gravida. — 27. Utile, 
 etc. According to the usual formula, Qicod bonum felix faustumque 
 sit. — lapsa, etc. When a Vestal was condemned to death for breach 
 of chastity, the Pontifex Maximus took the sacred fillet off her 
 head. Avrr/v fiiv rrjg Kopv^rjg a(peX6i.isvoi rd aTEjiiiaTa kt\. says 
 Dionysius, of the Vestal Appia. — hide, thence, i. e. a focis. — palmae, 
 emblems of victory. — protexerat, covered over ; pluperf. for perf. — 
 35, ferrum molitur. Et validam in vites molire bipennem, Virg. Geor. 
 iv, 331. — Terreor .... micat. A parenthesis. — admonitu,sc. deorum, 
 the intimation, the vision. — Martia (sc. at), sacred or belonging 
 to Mars. — Quominus, etc., i.e. ten months had elapsed. — emeritis. 
 It was the year, not the course, that was emeritus ; for such was the 
 soldier qui mereri desiit. — 4S. simulaci-a, i. e. simulacrum : comp, vi. 
 295.— Et subiit, etc. We are to recollect that the ancients burned 
 nothing but wood. — opes, the regal authority. — 53. Lacte, etc. Be- 
 cause it was the common tradition, and was in the Annals of Ennius 
 and the other histories and poems. — 55. Larentia, the wife of Faus- 
 tulus. — opes, wealth, i. e. mode of living. — Acceptus geniis. On 
 account of the Saturnalia, when they feasted and indulgebant Genio. 
 — Iliadae, sons of Ilia. — redigunt, drive back. — actos, i. q. abactos. — 
 editus, told, narrated. 
 
164 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 79-98. General use of a Mensis Martius.— jEf tamen, etc. i. e. 
 Romulus was not, however, the first who introduced the worship of 
 Mars. — Dianam, i. e. Britomartis or Dictynna, who was identified 
 with Artemis and Diana: see Mythology, p. 131. — 82. tellus Hyp- 
 sipylea, Lemnos, where Hypsipyle, the daughter of Thoas, reigned. 
 — Junonem, etc. : see Horn. II. iv. 52. — Fauni, Pan : see on ii. 268. 
 — ora. This is properly the sea-coast, as in ii. 94 ; but it was some- 
 times used for region, country : comp. Hor. Carm. i. 26, 4. — 87. 
 peregrinos, i. e. of other Italian towns and peoples. ^ The following 
 are curious instances of the varieties that prevailed in ancient times 
 between places within a few miles of each other. The month which 
 was named from Mars was the first in the Roman Kalendar ; the 
 third in those of Alba, Aricia, Tusculum, and Cures ; the fourth in 
 those of the Sabines and Pelignians ; the fifth in those of Laurentum 
 and Falerii ; the sixth in that of the Hernicans ; and the tenth in 
 that of the Aequians. It does not appear with what month each of 
 these people began the year, and whether their March fell or not 
 in the same season with that of the Romans. For the peoples and 
 places mentioned here, see Hist, of Rome, p. 5, and Geogr. Index. 
 — Liter, etc. This is a harsh co7istruction : Arte. sc. populos or fastos, 
 tempora and vioenia, all signifying the same thing. — constat, it accords, 
 there is an argument. — Facta, etc., Tusculum, built by Telegonus, 
 the son of Ulysses and Circe. — A tribus, etc., first after three, i. e. 
 fourth. Belus et onines A Bclo, Virg. Aen. i. 729. 
 
 99-134. Number of months in the ancient year.. — Nee totidem, 
 etc. We may here observe a peculiar feature in the Latin elegiac 
 poetry, especially that of Ovid, namely, that the second verse of 
 the couplet frequently merely repeats the sense of the first in other 
 words; This strongly resembles v^hat is called the parallelism of the 
 Hebrew poetry. — 101. Nonduvi, etc.: comp. Hor. Ep. ii. 1, 156. 
 — male forte, i. e. imbelle : see on Hor. Sat. i. 3, 45. — mittere, i. e. 
 immittere. — sub axe, i. e. in axe, sc. mundi. — qiiarum, etc. The Lesser 
 or interior Bear was named Cynosura {kvvoq ovpa), and it was by it 
 that the Phoenician mariners steered their course, while the less 
 experienced Greeks directed theirs by the Greater Bear, named 
 Helice (tXiKrj) from its revolving motion round the pole : see Arat. 
 Phaen. 36, with Theon's note. — Signa, sc. Zodiaca. — \00. f rater, 
 Phoebus, Sol. — constabat, i.e. it was the general belief. — esse, sc. 
 ea. — tenebant, comprehended, understood. There is the usual play 
 on words. Some MSS. of inferior note read movebant.—foeni, sc. 
 erant. A bundle (viaiiiindus) of hay fastened on a pole ( pertica) is 
 said to have been the standard of the early Romans. Plutarch 
 
BOOK III. 79-151. 165 
 
 (Rom. 8) says that such were the standards of those who aided 
 Romulus in his attack on Amulius. — cernis, sc. Auguste. — indociles, 
 untaught, ignorant. — 120. Mensibus, etc., i. e. the histres or periods 
 of five years were then ten months short, two for each year. — Hie 
 numerus, sc. decimus. — spaiiis, i. e. the decads. — 127. Inde patres, 
 etc. The original Roman senate consisted of one hundred mem- 
 bers, divided into ten decuries (orbes) : see Hist, of Rome, pp. 15, 
 45. Nothing can be plainer than this ; but a vast majoiity of the 
 MSS., which nearly all the editors follow, read pares, of which no 
 satisfactory sense has been given. — Hastatos, etc. It was the legion 
 of the republic, and not the phalanx of the regal period that was 
 composed of Hastati, Principes, and Pilani or Triarians : see Hist, 
 of Rome, p. 171. It is not clear how the decimal division was ap- 
 plied to them. — legitimo, etc., i. e. the Equites of the legion who 
 were divided into ten turmae or troops ; legitimo, as being furnished 
 by the state, constitutional as it were : see Hist, of Rome, p. 50. — 
 Quin etiam, etc. The three patrician tribes were divided in a 
 similar manner. 
 
 135-150. Proofs of the year having anciently begun in March. 
 On the Kalends of this month the bay-branches were renewed at 
 the dwellings of the Flamens and of the Rex Sacrorum, at the 
 Curia Prisca and the temple of Vesta, and the sacred fire in this 
 last was extinguished and rekindled, — Flaniinibiis, i. e. at their doors, 
 V. 139 : see on ii. 21. Perhaps only the Flamen Dialis. — Curia 
 Prisca. It is difficult to say what is meant by this. The Curia 
 Hostilia, the old senate-house, no longer existed ; the poet, however, 
 may have been wi'iting from books, as he so constantly did, and not 
 have attended to that fact. Or it may be the four veteres Curiae, 
 which, according to Festus {s. v. novae), were still remaining. — 
 Vesta, i. e. her temple or its door : comp. v. 137 .—focis, i. e. templo. 
 — Dicitur, because no one could enter so as to see it. — 145. Jides, a 
 proof or ground of belief. — An7ia, etc. : see v. 523, seq. — veteres, 
 etc., i. e. the consulate in the early times. This, however, is a 
 complete error. The consuls had no fixed time for entering on 
 their office till A. U. 529-31, five years before Hannibal's invasion 
 of Italy, when it became the Ides of March, which continued till 
 A. U. 599-601, when it was fixed on the Kalends of January. In 
 the early times it had fluctuated from July to September : see 
 Becker Handb. der Rom. Alt. ii. ii. 95, seq. — 148. perfide Poene, 
 Hannibal with the usual Roman slander of him. — Denique, etc. 
 This is the strongest reason : see Introd. § 3. 
 
 151-166, Changes of the yea.r.— oliviferis: see Colum. v. 8. 
 
166 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Eretimanus omnis oliviferae Mutuscae, Virg. Aen. vii. 711. — deductus, 
 brought down, i. e. from the Sabine hills to the plains of Rome ; 
 or brought thither in state with numerous attendants. — Samio, etc., 
 i. e. Pythagoras, who taught the doctrine of the Metempsychosis, 
 and who was said to have been the instructor of Numa. — Egeria .• 
 see V. 261. — Caesaris, etc. For Caesar's reformation of the Ka- 
 lendar, see Hist, of Rome, p. 443. — dens hospes, a stranger-god. 
 167-258. The Matronalia and its causes. 
 
 167-230. The Rape of the Sabines. — occultos ynonitus, i. q. ad- 
 monitus, the secret intimations or voices : comp. v. 36. — Cum sis, 
 etc. When the occupations are of a manly nature (comp. v, 173), 
 not, as Gierig understands it, when you are in general worshiped 
 b}^ men. — tua festa, i. e. Kalendas Martias. — Nunc, on this day. — 
 gressus fero. Alluding perhaps to his name Gradivus. — liujus, so. 
 Romae viagnae. — de canna, etc. This supposed cottage of Romulus, 
 which was still kept up in our poet's time, would seem to have stood 
 on the west side of the Palatine, below the church of San Teodoro : 
 see Dionys. i. 79. — Romanics, i. q. Romani. — 190. male, hardly, or 
 not at all : see v. 102. — Cum pare, etc. A reason why the Romans 
 should get wives. — 195. Extremis (sc. Italiae), etc., i. e. they gave 
 their daughters in marriage to people at a distance, and would not 
 to those who were close at hand. — patriam : see v. 21. — Tolle, 
 away with, as tolle moras. Met. xiii. 556 ; tolle querelas, Hor. Ep. i. 
 12, 3. — Conso: see Mythology, p. 529. — tibi, sc. poeta. — 200. sua 
 sacra. The Consualia were on the xv. Kal. Sept. — Intimiuere, sc. 
 ira: see Hist, of Rome, p. 13. — generis, abl. plur. o^ gener. He 
 may, as Douza supposes, be here glancing at the war between 
 Caesar and Pompeius.— /ere, in general : see v. 218. — nurus, Hersilia, 
 the wife of Romulus. — piae, dutiful. — 224. posse, etc. Taubner 
 thinks that they pinched the children, and that their cries of Ah ! 
 Vae ! sounded like Ave. We see no other way of explaining the 
 passage. — Oebaliae : see on i. 260. — non leve mimus, no slight re- 
 ward. 
 
 231-258. Other origins of the festival. — Aut quia, etc. Either 
 this was the reason, or that I was the sire of the founders of the 
 City. — committi. This is plainly a mid. voice. — 235. Quid, etc. A 
 further reason. This is the time of nature's fecundity. — pereunt, 
 go totally away. — Uvida. Some of the best MSS. read umida; 
 several ha\e vivida. — lierha, the young corn. — 244. militiam. This 
 is appropriate to the speaker. The poet uses this figure, however, 
 elsewhere. Et rudis ad partus et nova miles eram. Her. ii. 48. — 
 Adde, etc. Another cause. The temple of Juno Lucina (see on 
 
BOOK III. 156-285. 167 
 
 ii. 435) was dedicated on this day. — excubias, etc. Exquiliae. 
 Alii has scripsere ab excuhiis Regis dictas, alii ah eo quod excultae a rege 
 Tullio essent, alii ab aesculetis, Varro, L. L. v. 49. By excubias, 
 Meikel (p. cxxvii.) understands the mound or wall of Servius 
 TuUius : see Hist, of Rome, p. 54. — 249. Quid vioror, etc. A final 
 reason. It is an act of filial duty on the part of Mars. — Eminet, 
 rises up, is plain. — Ferte deae, etc. These are the words of the 
 poet in his own person. Flowers were a natural off'ering in the 
 s'pvm^.—Jlorentibus herbis, i.q.Jloribus: comp. Virg. Buc. ix. 19. — 
 caput, sc. of the statue of the goddess, or rather of the worshiper. 
 — 255. Dicite, sing : see on Hor. Ep. i. 1, 1. — Ut solvat, etc. The 
 Roman religion, as we may observe, was full of these symbolic acts. 
 
 259-398. On the Kalends of March, the priests named the Salii, 
 began their sacred dances and songs, which they repeated on stated 
 days throughout the month. The poet here gives the supposed 
 origin of this rite : see Excursus on ii. 267. 
 
 259-284. Egeria and Numa. — Nympha, etc., i. e. Egeria. — operata, 
 employed in. — tua facta, your own deeds, what you yourself were 
 concerned in. — Vallis, etc. The Lacus Dianae (Lago di Nemi), a 
 short way from Aricia, at the town of Genzano. It is a most beau- 
 tiful lake, of a circular form, as being the crater of an extinct volcano. 
 — Hie latet, etc. Virbius, who was worshiped here, was identified 
 with the Grecian Hippolytus : see Virg. Aen. vii. 765, seq.; Mytho- 
 logy, p. 520. — 267. Licia, etc. This practice may be observed at 
 the present day in every country where the Roman Catholic religion 
 prevails ; in Ireland, for example : comp. Met. viii. 744. — sepes. 
 Probably the fence of the sacred grove. — Saepe, etc. This mode 
 of returning thanks for the recovery of health to Diana Nemorensis 
 is also noticed by Propertius (ii. 23, 39), Cum videt accensis devotam 
 currere taedis In nevius et Triviae lumina ferre deae. — Regna tenent, 
 etc. The priest named Rex Nemorensis was always a runaway 
 slave who had slain his predecessor in office, and who always carried 
 a sword for his own protection : comp. A. A. i. 260 ; Strabo v. 3, 12 ; 
 Suet. Cal. 35. — 273. Defluit, sc. in lacum. Tag fitv ovv irriyag 
 op^v HffTiv, i^ iov 7] Xi^vri TrXrjpovTai' tovtiov d" scrrlv 'Ryepla kuXov- 
 fi'ivri, SaifiovSg tlvoq eTrwvvfjiog. Strab. ut sup. We must not con- 
 found this with the fount and vale of Egeria near the Capene gate 
 of Rome: Juv. iii. 17. — consilium, i.e. consiliatrix : see Virg. Ex- 
 curs. VII. 
 
 285-392. The sending down of the ancile. The following legend 
 was framed in some measure from that of Proteus in the Odyssey, and 
 partly from that of Silenus ; Herod, viii. 138. It is also related by 
 
168 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Plutarch, Num. 15. — ignes, sc. caeledes. — ^iahile, i. q. expiahile.— 
 ■poterunt, sc. solL — ^292. Romani soli, of Roman ground, i. e. Roman 
 rural gods. — adhibe, sc. igitw.- — ita, so then. — -fere, usually. — so/i, 
 alone. — 300. fonti, at the fount ; or pei'haps to the god or spirit of 
 the fount. — 310. ingenio, mind, temper. — monitus : see v. 167.— 
 317. dediicere, Kardyuv, draw down. This was the i)roper magic 
 term. Carmina vel caelo possunt deducere Lunam, Virg. Buc. viii. 
 69. — 327. Eliciiint, etc. It is the opinion of some modern writers 
 that the Tuscans possessed the art of conducting the lightning, 
 afterwards discovered by Franklin, and they ascribe the death of 
 Tullus Hostilius to his ignorance of the proper mode of doing it.— 
 jnamina, mode of expiating, i. e. removing. — donaria, altar, or temple : 
 comp. Virg. Geor. iii. 533. — 337. ambage remota. This is difficult 
 to understand, for its apparent meaning is the very reverse of the 
 real one. A gloss in one MS. explains remota by obscura. We 
 have elsewhere (see our Horace, Excurs. IV.) shown that com- 
 pounds in re are frequently used intensively for the simple verbs, 
 and the present may be an instance, though we have no where met 
 with removeo, i. q. moveo. We had conjectured remotum, which we 
 find to be a various writing in one MS. — Caede cnjiut, etc. We may 
 observe in this, and what follows, the ingenuity of Numa in avoiding 
 a human sacrifice. — 342. piscis, the Maena (see ii. 578) : Plut. 
 Num. 15.^ — 352. crastina, sc. eventura. — 359. Prodit, etc. Hence 
 we may infer that it was in the Forum the ancile fell, for Numa 
 dwelt at the Regia by the temple of Vesta.— 363. velatus. Accord- 
 ing to the Roman custom of covering the head when praying.— 
 369. sine mcbe : comp. Hor. Carm. i. 34, 6 ; Virg. Aen. vii. 141. — 
 Subvdsere, raised : see on Virg. Buc. x. 74. — 377. Idque ancile, etc. 
 Ancilia dicta ab ambecisu, quodea arma ab utraque parte, ut Thracum, 
 incisa, Varro, L. L. vii. 43 ; sic est appellatum quia ex iitroque latere 
 erat recisum, tit summum infimumque ejus latus pateret, Festus v. 
 Mamurii. K.vkXoq ovk 'iariv, oho' aTroSiSujcnv, u>£ Trskrrj, rrjv Trspi- 
 (pEpsiav, dW eKTOHi)v £%£i ypafifj/fje eXiKMsiSovg, ?)c at Kepalai Ka/x- 
 TTUQ 't')(ov(yai Kal avi'eTrL(TTpk(pov(Tai tjj TrvKvoTrjTi irpbg aWr]\ov£, 
 dyKvXov TO (Txvi^a voiovcyi. Plut. Num. 13. From these passages 
 we may collect, that the ancile was oblong, round at top and bottom, 
 curved internally on the sides, the ends or corners also round, so 
 that it had no angles, being somewhat like the figure 8. — recisum. 
 This is i. q. the simple caesum : see on v. 337. — caelata, formed, 
 fashioned. Atque hanc speciem Praxiteles caelavit argento, Cic. Div. 
 i. 36.— morum, etc., i. e. his morals were as pure as his skill was 
 great. — 383. fabrae, from faber, an adj. nearly peculiar to Ovid : 
 
BOOK III. 287-422. 169 
 
 comp. Met. viii. 159. — clavsit, concluded, completed, executed. 
 Ovid seems to have been the first to use this verb in this sense : 
 see Drak. on Sil. Ital. xiii. QdiQ.-^Nomina, etc. In the end of the 
 Salian hymn, was heard the name of Mamurius Veturius, whence 
 this legend. Varro (L. L. vi. 45) says it meant veterem viemoriam. 
 
 393-398. Further particulars respecting this rite. — Nubere, etc. 
 This is only noticed, we believe, by Ovid in this place. Like what 
 follows, it would seem to apply to the whole month. It was con- 
 sidered unlucky to move from the place where one happened to be 
 at the time, motis, nee diini conditis, anciliis, Suet. Otho, 8 : see also 
 Liv. xxxvii. 33 ; Tac. Hist. i. 89. — His etiam, etc. These were 
 among the days on which the Flaminica was not to comb her hair : 
 see Excursus II. 
 
 399-402. Morning-setting of the Southern Fish. Merkel (Ixxiv.) 
 suspects that it was tertia a no7iis that was originally in the poem, as 
 Clodius Tuscus, whom he supposes the poet to follow, says {ap. Laur. 
 Lyd. de Ost.) ry 7rp6 I,' siSoJv .... kui opOpov 6 ix^iJc cnrb rov 
 voTOv ap;^£rat KpvivTtaQai. 
 
 403-414. Morning-setting of Arctophylax or Bootes. In this 
 there is an error ; for Clodius says, 6 ap/crovpoe (a star in that sign) 
 kv rjn'spqi dviaxsi, and Ptolemy aoKTOvpog eaTTfpioQ tTriTsWd. Merkel 
 (Ixxii.) thinks that the poet wrote Emerget visus ejfugietqiie tuos, 
 " h. e. puncto temporis inter diluculum apparebit." — piger. Because 
 he is a ploughman, whose usual gait is slow. — 407. At non, etc. But 
 the bright star in the right shoulder of Virgo, named irpoTpvy-qTrip 
 or Vindemitor (Eratosth. Cat. 9) will not set. Columella says (xi. 2) 
 that it rises vi. Non., so it of course was now visible. — intonsum, 
 with long uncut locks, like Apollo and Bacchus ; a mark of youth 
 and beauty. — Quae nunc, etc. Vitis is ajnrtXog in Greek. 
 
 415-428. Augustus, made Pontifex Maximus. This was in A. U. 
 742, on the death of Lepidus, his former colleague in the triumvirate : 
 see Hist. Rom. Emp. p. 11.- — Qiiisqids ades, etc. We think it is 
 the Vestals he means ; for they alone colebant Vestam, and had the 
 right of putting incense on the sacred hearth. Quisquis is used with 
 a fem. by Plautus, Cist. ii. 3, 66 ; Pers. iv. 3, 84 ; Rud. iv. 4, 102. 
 — Iliads, as having been brought by Aeneas from Ilium. — 418. Gra- 
 tare. Three MSS. of inferior note, which editors in general chose 
 to follow, read Cratera. — mereri, sc. quam simiere. — numina, the deity. 
 Augustus had been in a jnanner deified at this time by the worship 
 of his Genius with the Lares Praestites. — 422. pignora juncta. To 
 the Palladium and the other jyignora of the state was now joined a 
 further pgwMs in the person of Augustus. It is quite plain that this 
 
 I 
 
170 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 and what follows could only have been written during the lifetime 
 of that prince. — 423. Di, etc. In this verse the editors have 
 adopted from one or two very inferior MSS. de for di, and favilla for 
 ferenti, — gravis, i. e. grnvatus, laden : see on Hor. Sat. i. 1, 4. — cog- 
 nata numina. The Julian house deduced its origin from Jupiter, the 
 son of Saturn, and brother of Vesta : see Mythology, p. 95. 
 
 429-448. Dedication of temple of Vedjovis. — Una nota, sc. in 
 Knlendario, i. e. F instead of N P. On this Merkel observes (p. xli.), 
 " Causam vero .... eandem puto atque Feralibus. Nam sacrificii 
 utroque die facti quandam similitudinem videor mihi deprehendere 
 ex Gellii verbis N. A. v. 12, sacrifican Vedjovi ritu humano capram. 
 Atqui humanum sacrijicium Paulus Diac. p. 103, Muell. dicit esse 
 quod mortui causa fiebat." — Marti, i. e. Marlii, sc. mensis. — lucos 
 duos. The space between the Arx and the Capitolium named by 
 the moderns the Intermontium, was called inter duos lucos, Liv. i. 8, 
 jxeOoQiov Svoiv Spv[.iiov, Dionys. ii. 1.5, probably because those two 
 summits were covered with trees like the other hills of Rome. It 
 was here that Romulus made the Asylum.— -lucum, i. e. one of those 
 luci. — 437. Juppifer, etc., i. e. Vedjovis is i. q. Jupiter-juvenis. His 
 statue, therefore, bears no thunderbolt, and a she-goat stands beside 
 it, because a she-goat suckled the infant deity. These, we see, are 
 Grecian notions, whereas Vedjovis was an Etruscan god, and most 
 probably connected with the underworld: see Mythology, p. 531. 
 — 445. N'unc vocor, etc. That being what he is, my task is now to 
 explain his name : see Excursus V. 
 
 449-458. The morning-rising of Pegasus. Equus mane oritur, 
 Colum. xi. 2; yet Ovid would seem to mean an evening-rising. 
 Merkel, however, maintains that he does not, and while in his text 
 he gives variabunt, in his Prolegomena (p. Ixx.) he has vallabunt, 
 the reading of a few of the inferior MSS. He adds, "siquidem 
 Vedjovis festum nocturnum erat, ut omnium nocentium deorum . . . 
 Jamque igitur est, sub ejus noctis finem." — Creditur, etc. : see Hes. 
 Th. 280 seq. 325 ; Ov. Met. iv. 784 ; v. 256 ; Mythology, 253, 419. 
 — gravidae, pregnant. This is somewhat of a hypallage. — Jamque, 
 etc. From Bellerophon : see Mythology, 403. 
 
 459-516. Evening-rising of the Crown of Ariadne ; for her story 
 see Met. viii. 175 ; A. A. i. 531 ; Her. 10 ; Catull. Ixiv. 52 ; Hor. 
 Carm. ii. 19 ; Mythology, 390, 457. — dea, i. e. Ariadne, included in 
 the adj. Gnosis. — -perjuro mutarat. According \o the usage of the 
 Latin language, Velox amoenum saepe Lucretilem Mutat Lycaeo 
 Faunus, Hor. Carm. i. 17, 1. — rustica, simple, like an ignorant 
 country-girl. — 465. depexis, combed out, straight, lank. — spatiata. 
 
BOOK HI. 423-524. 171 
 
 i. q. spaiians, walking slowly backwards and forwards : comp. Virg. 
 Geor. i. 389 ; Aen. iv. 62.-474. ahiiL The final syllable is long, 
 as being in arsis. — 476. relata, is brought back, repeated ; Bacchus 
 being substituted for Theseus. — 480, dedoluisse, have ended my 
 grief, i. e. have died. — Tarn bene, etc., to disturb so happy a union. 
 — celari, sc. hoc, be kept ignorant of. Nosne hoc celatos tarn dm ? 
 Ter. Hec. iv. 3, 23. — ille color, that colour of hers. — matrem, Pasi- 
 phae. — Libera. This was a deity joined with Liber and Ceres in 
 the Roman religion, but who had nothing to do with Ariadne : see 
 Mythology, p. 517, to which we afterwards made the following ad- 
 dition illustrative of the Roman religion. " It appears to us to be 
 quite erroneous to suppose that the Ceres, Liber and Libera of the 
 Romans were the Demeter, Dionysos and Kora of the Greeks, by 
 whom Dionysos does not seem to have been united with the two 
 goddesses, as Liber was at Rome. We would propose the following 
 hypothesis on the subject. The temple usually called that of Ceres 
 at Rome was in reality one of the three conjoined deities (Liv. iii. 
 55 ; Dionys, vi. 17, 44 ; Tac. Ann. ii. 49). It stood at the foot of 
 the Aventine, and belonged to the plebeians, to whom it seems to 
 have been what the Capitoline temple was to the patricians. In 
 this latter was worshiped a Triad, — Minerva, Jovis, Jovino (Juno), 
 i. e. Wisdom, and the god and goddess icar i^oxhv ; in the latter 
 there was also adored a Triad, — Ceres, Liber, Libera. May we 
 not then suppose, that as the priestly nobles, the patricians, adored 
 a triad of celestial or mental deities, so the agricultural plebeians 
 worshiped a triad of deities presiding over the fruits and products 
 of the earth? From the employment of the plural {vai^v, vclovq) 
 by Dionysius we may further infer that the temple at the Aventine 
 contained three celiac like that on the Capitoline."— 516. ilia, i. e. 
 corona. 
 
 517-522. Second Equiria. — Furfureum, bright: see on ii. 74. — 
 Q.uein Tiberis, etc. The Tiber, as it were, encompasses the Campus 
 Martius. — Caeliiis, etc. The part of the Caelian hill is unknown. It 
 was probably, however, outside of the city, near the Lateran. 
 
 523-710. The festival of Anna Perenna : see Mythology, p. 534. 
 
 523-542. Description of the festival. — geniale. Because indulge- 
 bant genio, by drinking. — Haud jwocul, etc. Via Flam, ad lapi- 
 DEM PEiMUM, Kal. Vat. Gierig, we know not on what authority, 
 says " inter Anienis confluentem et pontem Milvium," a distance of 
 more than two miles from ancient Rome. The Annae pomifrrum 
 nenms Perennae, as Martial (iv. 64, 1 7) terms it, must have lain not 
 far from the present Porta Pia between the road and the Tiber, 
 I 2 
 
1 72 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 from which Ovid says it was hand procul. — 525. advcna. As coming 
 from a distance. — venit, sc. ab Urbe.— pare sua. Probably an arnica. — 
 Sub Jove, in the open air : comp. ii. 299. — tamen, even so. — 
 ad numerum, i. e. they drink as many glasses as they wish to live 
 years. — ebihat, drinks out. — 535. Illic, etc. There was a Mime or 
 farce by Laberius (see on Hor. Sat. i. 10, 6) named Anna Perenna, 
 which Merkel thinks may be meant \iere —jactant, etc. They 
 make gesticulations suited to the verses. The acting and dancing 
 of the ancients were very pantomimic, and great use was made of 
 the hands in them. — -faciles, i. q. molles, i. e. mobiles. — posito cratere, 
 i. e. when they have ceased from drinking ; posito, i. q. deposito ; 
 cratere, i. q. vino or cyathis.- — f/wras, awkward, clownish, as they were 
 probably drunk, and were, at all events, common workmen, me- 
 chanics, and such like. Atque extra numerum procedere membra mo- 
 ventes Duriter, et duro terram pede pellere matrem, Lucr. v. 1400. — 
 sunt spectacula, i. e. are objects of derision : comp. Hor. Sat. i. 7, 21. 
 — 540. fortunatos, happy ; for, as the old saw has it, " He that is 
 drunk, is as great as a king." — Occurri, sc. pompam. The constr. here 
 is somewhat unusual. In prose it would be Occurri pompam quae, 
 etc. The MSS in general read Occurrit. It is the opinion of 
 Heinsius and Burmann, that some lines have been lost here. The 
 latter thinks that they were struck out by the monks on account of 
 their impropriety. 
 
 543-654. Enquiry as to M^ho this goddess was. First opinion, 
 she w^as Anna, the sister of Dido : see Virg. Aen.iv. We may here 
 remark, that both Dido and Anna, i. e. Hannah, seem to have been 
 epithets of Astarte, the goddess of the Phoenicians, the former de- 
 noting hve, and the latter favour. The Romans, after the manner 
 of the Greeks, made moi-tal women of these attributes, and as 
 Hannah was perhaps the Erycinian Venus (see on iv. 872), and was 
 worshiped with lascivious rites ; this, together with the similarity 
 of the name, may have led to the following legend, which there is 
 no reason to regard as being Ovid's invention. — Quae, as to who. — 
 proposito, enquiry. — Arserat. He plays on this word in his usual 
 manner. — 549. Praebuit, etc. He takes this epitaph from his own 
 epistle of Dido to Aeneas ; Her. vii. 195. — invadunt, enter. — vindice, 
 defender. — larba : see Virg. Aen. iv. 196. — ut olim, etc.; comp, 
 Virg. Geor. iv. 213. — nudandas, i. e. to be taken out of the hull : 
 see on Virg Geor. i 298. — 560. justa, rites of the dea-d.—favillae, 
 the ashes of Dido. — libatas, cut off, and offered. — pede aequo, with 
 an even favourable course, the j^edes (i. e. the sheets or ropes at the 
 corners of the sails) being stretched alike. — labitur, sc. mari. — 
 
BOOK III. 525-667. 173 
 
 Moenia, etc. : comp. Virg, Aen, v. 3. — Melite, Malta. Its fertility 
 was only relative, for it is any thing but fertile. — Cosyrae, Gozzo. — 
 570. Battiis. Battus was the founder of the Greek colony of Gyrene, 
 and the Greeks never possessed Melite. Silius, who also relates this 
 legend (viii. 50, seq.), makes Anna come to Gyrene. — quantulacuni- 
 que, whatever it is, small though it be. — tamen, surely. We have 
 observed in our notes on Horace, that tamen answers to the Italian 
 pure, which is often merely emphatic. — Pygmalionis : see Aen. i. 
 346, 5^5'.— 581. Crathidis. The Crathis is the stream which ran by 
 Thurii on the east coast of Southern Italy. The Camera is men- 
 tioned no where else, and the supposition of the Phoenician Hannah 
 or a similar being having been worshiped there, seems groundless. 
 — subducere, to draw down. — alveus, the hold. — 593. habenis, i. e. 
 gubernaculo. — vix. He had so little hope of escaping shipwreck. — 
 quaecumque, etc., i. e. whoever died on the land. — 602. Auctus : see 
 on i. 612. — secuvi, sc. loquitur, included in the following exclamat : 
 see on Hor. Sat. i. 4, 32. — 612. Admonitu, the recollection : see on 
 V. 167. — motus, mo\eA. — 617. morte, sc. Elissae. — credibili, i. e. quam 
 credibile erat, quam credebam. — Ne refer, tell not the tale. — ratio, 
 your own choice : comp. Hor. Sat. i. 1, '2.,—memores, sc. sumus 
 debere, — errores, wanderings. — ^627. paratus, i. q. ajjparatus, dress : 
 comp. Met. vi. 451. — pia, virtuous, as resulting from duty. — 
 633. faku77i,cause\ess, unreal. — praeter, before. — e.rac/K;??, decided on. 
 — 639. Noxerat, etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. i. 353. — perenne. The abl. 
 in e from adjectives in is or er is peculiar to Ovid : see Zumpt, 
 § 63, note. — 656. Et celebrant, etc. The expression celebrant se 
 is, we believe, without example. Marsus explained it, " se reddunt 
 celebres ebrietate." Taubner, " sua vel genii sui causa frequentes 
 adsunt." Gierig, " curant ut bene sibi sit." May not se be scipsam, 
 i. q. cam ? Poma ita disponere ut scobs inter se calcari possit, Colum. 
 xii. 44 : comp. Hor. Sat. ii. 1, 49. Merkel (p. clxxvi.) conjectures 
 te or 7-em. 
 
 657-660. Other opinions. She was the Moon ; Themis, i. e. 
 the Mother of the Seasons (Mythology, p. 198); lo, i. e. the 
 Moon : all derived from the idea of her being the year. Some 
 thought her a nymph, the daughter of Atlas, who had reared Jupiter, 
 apparently confounding her with Amalthea. The only daughters of 
 Atlas were the Pleiades and Hyades, to neither of whom does that 
 task seem to have fallen. 
 
 661-671. A further opinion, which seems to have derived Anna 
 from anus. — Plebs vetus, etc. The secession in A. U. 260 : see 
 Hist, of Rome, p. 62. — tuta, i. e. tuita. — 667. Orta, etc. We are not, 
 I 3 
 
174 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 perhaps, to infer from this, that she lived at Bovillae, which was at 
 least a dozen miles from the Moris Sacer. — siiburbanis ; see on vi. 
 361. — domi, so. Romae. 
 
 672-696. Reason why obscene verses were sung at her festival. 
 — nam coeunt, etc., for they do come together, etc. He thus ex- 
 presses himself, because he had not mentioned it before. — certa. 
 This probably means, fixed, traditional, not extemporised. — dea 
 facta, sc. anus a Bovillis : comp. v. 684. — seducta, drawn aside. — 
 688. dedit vianus, yielded, consented. — hide joci, etc. The reason 
 is rather to be sought in the old mode of worshiping deities of 
 increase and production in Greece and Italy, as well as in the East. 
 A curious resemblance has been traced between this goddess and 
 Anna Poorna Devi, a Hindoo goddess of nutrition and abundance. 
 
 697-710. The assassination of Julius Caesar: see Hist, of Rome, 
 p. 447. — ■2mncipe. He is so styled even by Cicero, ad Fam. ix. 17. 
 — locuta, sc. est mi/ii. — ineiis sacerdos. As being Pontifex Maximus. 
 As such, he resided in the Regia, close to the temple of Vesta, 
 which makes the language of the goddess more appropriate. — Ipsa, 
 etc. This was the fiction of the poet Simonides respecting Helena, 
 which Euripides followed in his drama, named from her. — vidit, has 
 seen. Perhaps to intimate his immediate assumption. — 704. templa. 
 On the spot, at the upper end of the Comitium, where the body of 
 Caesar had been burnt (Hist, of Rome, p. 451), a temple to him 
 was erected by the Triumvirs, in A. U. 710-12. — dicata, i. e. dedi- 
 cata, sc. ei. — Morte jacent merita. All the conspirators perished by 
 violent deaths. The last was Cassius Parmensis, who was slain at 
 Athens, after the battle of Actium. — 707. Philippi. At which 
 Brutus and Cassius fell. — Et quorum, i. e. Et ii quorum. — S2Mrsis, sc. 
 ibi. — elementa, sc. rerum gerendaruvi. 
 
 711,712. Morning-setting of the Nepa or Scorpion. Tot) (tkoq- 
 iriov 01 irpivToi duTspes ^vfouiri. Euctemon, ap. Gem, Nepa occidit, 
 Colum. xi. 2 : comp. Plin. iv. 163 ; xviii. 65. Ovid's words M'ould, 
 however, seem to express a rising. But he may mean, that at dawn 
 only the anterior part of the Scorpion will be visible, as he is then 
 on the point of setting. 
 
 713-790. The Liberalia. The poet only discusses two ques- 
 tions ; namely, why old women sold liba, and why youths assumed 
 the toga libera on that day. — celebeirima, distinguished, famed. Cele- 
 berrimus et laetissimus dies, Cic. de Am. 3. — celeberrimum monu- 
 mentum, Id. pro Sext. 67. — Nee referam, etc. For the Grecian 
 Dionysus (different from the Latin Liber : see on v. 512), to whom 
 all these events refer, see Mythology, p. 205, seq. — eras, sc. Bacche. 
 
BOOK III. 672-785, 175 
 
 A few MSS. read erat. — Expletum, completed. — matris opus, the 
 task of the mother, in gestation. — Sithonas, etc. Alluding to the 
 story of Lycurgus, v. 722. He joins the Scythians with the Thra- 
 cians, as they were neighbours ; but it is no where said that Bacchus 
 entered Scythia. — Tu quoque, etc. Pentheus. — 726. Vilis anus. 
 Liber alia dicta, quod per totiim oppidum eo diesedent sacerdotes Liberi, 
 anus edera coronatae, cum libis et foculo pro emptore sacrijicantes. 
 Varro L. L. vi. 14. The way it probably was done was this : when 
 any one bought a libuni from the old woman, she burned a part of 
 it {v. 734) for him on the foculum, as on an altar. — Ante, etc. The 
 origin of this rite (whose real origin was unknown, but which may 
 owe it to the resemblance between the words libum and Liber) was, 
 according to the poet, Bacchus being the first who burned victims 
 and incense in honour of the gods. — honores, sacrifices : see ii. 355. — 
 728. gelidis. As no fire was ever on them. — ^unt. They offer. Cutn 
 pro populo fieret, Cic. ad Att. i. 12. — succis, etc. Because he was 
 also the discoverer of honey. There was always honey in a libiim, 
 and it was smeared with honey, v. 761. — 740. Aeriferae, etc., i.e. 
 they clattered their cymbals. — volucres, winged beings. — actae, 
 drawn, attracted : see on Hor. Sat. ii. 7, 24. — CoUigit, etc., i. e. hives 
 them. — levis senex. Silenus, who was old and bald.- — dissimidat, i. e. 
 keeps this knowledge to himself. — 750. AppUcat, puts him up to. 
 — super, sc. asellum. — nixus, holding, supporting himself hj.—Milia, 
 etc. It was a hornet's nest. — sima. This is the conjecture of 
 Heinsius. Most MSS. read prima, a few suvima. — limuin inducere, 
 to daub his head and face with mud, to remove the pain of the stings. 
 — 763. presset, sc. presses, i. e. kneads, makes. This is the reading of 
 one of the best MSS. ; the majority read praesit, a few of inferior 
 note praestet. — noverca. Juno. — opposuisse, put before. 
 
 771-790. Why the toga libera was given on this day. — utrumque, 
 sc. puerum et juvenem. — pater. All the gods were so called in the 
 Roman theology : see Mythology, p. 507. Liber, iiowever, was 
 rarely used without it. — numinibus, i. e. nuviini. — 777. es Liber, i. e. 
 your name is Liber. This is th« true reason.— ^resci, sc. Romani. — 
 patiio, i. e. paterno, inherited from his father : comp. Hor. Epod. 
 2, 3. — Et caperet, etc. : see on i. 207. — 782. Nee crimen, etc. sc. 
 as it is in these days of luxury and effeminacy. — Rusticus, sc. et 
 cuvi. — ludos. The Ludi Circenses, Capitolini, Florales, etc., given in 
 honour of the gods. — studiis, sc. popidi, their pleasure, gratification, 
 not " arti poeticae et musicae," as Gierig understands it. — ko7ios, i. e. 
 hcdi. — 785. Luce sua, i. e. hoc die, Liberalibus. Hence we see that 
 there were no ludi to Liber, except the Corealia, which he shared 
 i4 
 
176 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 with Ceres and Libera. — tironem. Tlie youth, when he assumed 
 the toga virilis, was termed tiro, and the period on which he then 
 entered, tirocinium. — celebrare, etc. Frequentia me usque ad Capito- 
 lium celehravit, Cic. ad Att. vi. I. — 788. non aliena, not unsuitable. 
 — caput, etc. : comp. Virg. Geor. ii. 39-2. The horned Bacchus was 
 the Phrygian Sabazios : see Mythology, p. 209. We may observe, 
 in fine, that there seems to be no reason whatever for regarding the 
 Italian Liber Pater as a god of wine. 
 
 791, 792. On this and the preceding day the priests went and 
 made offerings at the various sacraria Argeorum throughout the city : 
 see on v. 621. — sua pagina, i.e. the part of the poem assigned to 
 them. 
 
 793-808. Rising of the Milvus or Kite ; but whether morning or 
 evening, and whether xvii. or xvi. Kal. we are uninformed by the 
 poet. Pliny says (xviii. 65). xv. Kal. April. Italiae Milvuin ostendi. 
 The following legend is only to be found in this place, and it reminds 
 one strongly of the sacrifice of the horse in Hindoo mythology : see 
 Southey's Curse of Kehama, book viii. — Miluus, a trisyllable : see 
 on Hor. Ep. i. 16, 31. — Quaeque fuit, etc., i.e. the following aid. — 
 violenta, powerful. — adamante, steel.— Attulit, etc. : comp. Met. ii. 716. 
 
 809-850. The Quinquatrus, or festival of Minerva. — Nomina, etc. 
 This is an erroi'. Hic dies units ah nominis errore observatur, proinde 
 ut sint quinque. Dictus ut ab Tusculanis post diem sextum Idus simi- 
 liter vacatur Sexatrus, et post diem septimum Septimatrus ; sic hic, 
 quod erat post diem quintum Idus, Quinquatrus, Varro L. L. vi. 14. 
 Out of ignorance of the origin of the name, they had made a one-day 
 festival to last five days. — Sanguine, etc., i. e. the gladiatorial shows, 
 with which it was celebrated, did not begin till the second day.— /ai-, 
 sc. gladiatoribus. — ilia nata, etc. In the Kal. Praen. it is noted on 
 this day, Minervae aedis in Aventino eo die est consecrata, 
 and in Kal. Vindob. there is N. Minervae. — 813. strata, spread, 
 smoothed. — arena, sc. amphitheatri, or, perhaps. Fori ; for it was in 
 the Forum, which was always sanded for the purpose, that the gla- 
 diatorial shows were given originally. It may be observed, that this 
 usage probably arose from confounding the Grecian war-goddess, 
 Pallas- Athena, with the Tuscan or Roman Minerva, the patroness 
 of the mental powers. — Pallada, etc. : see Juv. x. 118. It is of the 
 real Italian Aexty that he now treats, and the boys or girls that were 
 learning to read, etc., that he addresses. — 817. Pallada placata, etc. 
 Those who were engaged in spinning or weaving. — stantes. The 
 ancient loom was upright : comp. Met. vi. 33, seq. — Hanc cole, etc. 
 The scourer and the dyer, the shoemaker and the carpenter. — 
 
BOOK III. 785-851. 177 
 
 Tychio: see Horn. II. vii. 222. — Epeo : see Od. viii. 492; Virg. 
 Aen. ii. 264. — Vosquoque, etc., the physicians. — vestris,sc.vumeribus, 
 fees. — 829. Nee vos, etc., the schoolmasters. — turba, etc. There is 
 a great variety of readings here. Asfereis found in one of the best 
 MSS., and in two of inferior authority (while others have ferae, feri, 
 ferri), and it alone makes sense, it is to be preferred. Merkel, at 
 one time, conjectured turha Plian; at another, turba vafra. Fere'ia, in 
 general. — fraudata censu, cheated out of their legitimate income by 
 the small fees they got. — Quique moves, etc., the carver, the painter, 
 the sculptor. — tabulam, etc. This alludes to the mode of painting 
 with melted wax named encaustiim, of which Pliny (xxxv. 11.) de- 
 scribes three kinds. The first, which is the one here meant, was 
 quo jnngebant ceris discoloi'ibus tabulae illitis et, igne admoto, candefacth. 
 — -835. Caelius, etc. He now enquires into the origin of Capta, the 
 title by which Minerva was worshiped, in a chapel on the Caelian 
 hill. The site is not easy to ascertain. The part about the Lateran 
 Church, where it declines into the plain, would seem to answer the 
 description best ; but that, it is said, was outside of the city-wall. 
 This, however, is no very valid objection ; for the same was the case 
 with the temples of Mars, Apollo, Bellona, and so many others. 
 Nardini, whom Becker follows, places it near the Colosseum. — 839. 
 Capitale, i. e. ingeniosus,qui caput habet.—perdomltis, etc. In A. U. 
 361 : see Hist, of Rome, p. 112. — littera prisca, i.e. the annals, or 
 f he old name of the goddess. It could not have been an inscription, 
 as then he would have had no doubt. — 845. An, quod habet, etc. 
 This passage is really almost unintelligible. It would seem to mean 
 that stealing any thing from that place was a capital offence : see 
 Gell. xi. 18. Merkel (xcvi) quotes Paul. Diac, p. 66, 1 : capitalis 
 lucus, ubi si quid violatum est cajmt violatoris expiatur. 
 
 849, 850. The Tubilustrium on the last day of the Quinquatrus. 
 Dies appellatur, quod eo die in Atrio Sutorio sacrorum tubae lustrantur, 
 Varro, L. L. vi. 14. Verrius and Festus say the same. The Tubae 
 were those used by the priests, perhaps the Salians. JLaOapfiog ad\- 
 TTiyyoQ Kal Kivrjaic rStv OTrXoir, Koi TifiafApecoQ Kal Nepij'jje, Oecig 
 ovT<i) Ty "SafUvMV yXixxray Trpotrayopawojusj/T/e rjv rj^ovv slvai . rrjv 
 'AQrjvav f; /cai ' A((ipoSiTr]V vepivt] yap tj dvSpia sctti, ku'i vkpwvag Tovg 
 dvSpeiovg ol Sa/3ij>oi KaXov(ri, Laur. Lyd. de Mens. p. 85. This 
 Nerine is, therefore, perhaps the fortis dea. The Atrium Sutorium 
 is utterly unknown. 
 
 851-876. Entrance of the Sun into Aries. This, he says, took 
 place the day before the Tubilustrium, i. e. xi. Kal. Origin of that 
 sign : see Mythology, p. 332. — novercae, Ino. — herba, the corn. — ad 
 I 5 
 
178 KOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 tripodas, sc. DelpJm. — sorie, response. In many oracles, but not in 
 that of Delphi, the answer was given by lots. This was particu- 
 larly the case in Italy, as at Praeneste and elsewhere : comp. ii. 713. 
 — Delpkicus, sc. deus. — 857. cum semine, as well as the seed. — regem, 
 Atharaas. — mater, Nephele {cloud). — 865. draconigenam urbem, 
 Thebes. — cum, at the time when. — Caeruleo deo, Neptune, as it 
 would seem. 
 
 877,878. The vernal equinox. — i;e?MV?w, approaching. — Eos,'li.ibQ, 
 Aurora. 
 
 879-882. Worship of Janus, Concord, Health, and Peace.— 
 Canuerint, sc. et ubi. — Concordia, etc. Zonaras (x. 34) says that 
 Augustus made statues 'Yy/ttag Si]jio<jiac Kal 'OjjLOvoiag ical 'EiprjvrjQ. 
 The temple of Salus Publica (here called Romana), on the Quirinal, 
 was dedicated A. U. 450 by the dictator C. Junius Bubulcus. 
 
 883, 884. The temple of Luna, which appears to have been dis- 
 tinct from that of Diana, on the Aventine was dedicated on this 
 day.- Fast. Praen. It stood on the side of that hill over the Circus 
 Maximus. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 Address to Venus, 1-18. Dedication of this month to her by 
 Romulus; its cause, 19-60. Greek origin of its name, 61-84; 
 Latin origin, 85-132. Festival of Venus and of Fortuna Virilis, 
 133-162. Setting of Scorpio, 163, 164 ; of the Pleiades, 165-178. 
 The Megalesia, 179-372. Dedication of Temple of Fortuna. 
 Pubhca, 373-376. Victory of Caesar over Juba ; setting of 
 Orion, 377-388. Ludi Cereris ; rape of Proserpine, 389-620. 
 Temple of Jupiter Victor ; Atrium Libertatis, 621-624. Battle of 
 Mutina, 625-628. Fordicidia, 629-672. Augustus styled Im- 
 perator, 673-676. Setting of the Hyades, 677, 678. Chariot-races 
 in the circus ; burning of foxes, 679-712. Sun enters Taurus, 
 713-720. Palilia. 721-806. Origin of Rome ; death of Remus, 
 807-862. Vinalia, 863-900. Robigalia, 901-942. Floralia ; moving 
 of Vesta to the Palatium, 943-954. 
 
 1-18. Poet's address to Venus. — geminorum Amorwn. Eros and 
 Anteros : see Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23; from which Ovid seems to 
 have taken this circumstance, which occurs no where else. — majora, 
 i. e. the Fasti : comp. ii. 3. — 4. vulnus, sc. amoris. There is reason 
 to suppose that Ovid was a widower when he wrote this part of the 
 
BOOK IV. 1-60. 179 
 
 poem. — sig7ia. As they used to compare love with war : comp. 
 Hor. Carm. iii. 26. — propositwn. We take this as a part, qualifying 
 opus, and not as a substantive, as is usually done. — o/jms, i. e. the sub- 
 ject of my verses. — Quae, sc. vita. — sine crimine. The ancients saw 
 nothing wrong in sensual love, when it did not proceed to rape, 
 adultery, etc. — lusimus. Everj' thing, as we have often observed, 
 that was not serious was ludus. — 10. Nunc tentur, etc. Alluding to 
 the races of the Circus. Hie modus ; liaec nostra signahitur area 
 curru ; Haec erit admissa meta terenda rota, A. A. i. 39 : comp. Am. 
 iii. 15, 18. — Tempo7'a,e\.c. : seei. 1,2, 7. — celeberrima, sc. es, art most 
 frequented, i. e. worshiped. — 15. Mota, sc. mea prece. — leviier, etc. : 
 comp. A. A. iii. 53, and Burns' Vision ad fin. — Dum, sc. ergo. 
 
 19-60. Dedication of this month to Venus by Romulus. — tamen. 
 This word, like the Italian pz<r<?, is, as we have observed, often 
 merely emphatic— C«ei'ar, i. e. Augustus. — Hie, etc. The language 
 here is taken from the Roman custom of keeping in the atria of their 
 houses the imagi?ies or wax-busts of their ancestors. As Venus was 
 at the head of the Julian gens, the month dedicated to her is said to 
 descend in the pedigree down to Augustus, who had been adopted 
 into that ge7is by the will of his uncle the Dictator. — Iliades, i. e. the 
 son of Ilia, Romulus. — scriberet, i. q. describeret : seei. 27. — aiictores, 
 sc. divines, i. e. those deities that were in his pedigree. — rettulit, 
 named, made known. — 24. Quod sibi, etc. Because he was his 
 own father. — gradibus, etc. Because she was the mother of 
 Aeneas, and therefore there were many steps in the pedigree 
 between her and Mars. — Alterius, of the second. — 31. Darda- 
 non, sc. nam. — nesciret, sc. Romulus. — Electron, i. e. aut Elec- 
 tran. — Hujus, se.filius est. — illo, i.e. Erichihonio, — 35. Proximus, sc. 
 hie (Assaracus) creat : see v. 123. Capys is usually said to be the 
 father of Anchises. Proximus is, in the usual way, i. q. proxime. — 
 pietas, i. q. vir pius : see our Virg. Excurs. VII. Pius and its 
 kindred terms denote dutt/, etc. to those to whom it is due, as the 
 gods, parents, country, etc, — spectata, proved. For this account of 
 Aeneas, see Virg. Aen, ii. and iii. — aliquando, at length. — luli, the son 
 of Aeneas. — 40. Unde, i. e. a quo, or in quo. — dornus Julia, the Julian 
 gens, which derived its name from him : see Virg. Aen. i. 288. — 
 Postumus, sc. natus est. — subit, goes under, is ruled by; a figure 
 taken from going under a load. — titulis tins, i. e. in the list of kings. 
 — Capi/i, sc. filio suo. — 45. recidiva, repeated, renewed : see v. 34. — 
 idem, i. e. Epitus. — Tiiscae aquae, i. e. the Albula, which was named 
 Tiberis from him : comp. ii. 389. — 51. locus, i.e. regio. One of the 
 fourteen regions into which Augustus divided the city. — 60. continu- 
 
 i6 
 
180 NOTES OlSr THE FASTI. 
 
 ata, joined, following in succession. With respect to this catalogue 
 of Alban kings we may observe, that our poet has, in his Metamor- 
 phoses (xiv. 609. seq.) given a slightly different list : see also the 
 lists in Livy and Dionysius, which differ but little from it. 
 
 61-84. Greek derivation of April. — Sed, etc. But though it was 
 Romulus, a native of Italy, that arranged the months thus, the name 
 of April is Greek. — Graio sermoiie, in the Greek language, i. e. with 
 a Greek name. — Auguror, I conjecture, or infer. — a spumis (sc. 
 nam), etc. Aphrodite (derived from cKppbq, foam) resembles Aprilis 
 in sound. This was the derivation of April, given by Fulvius 
 Flaccus and Junius Gracchus : see Varro L. L. vi. 33. — 64. Itala, 
 etc. The south of Italy, which was filled with Greek colonies, 
 was named Magna Graecia. — Evander: see i. 471. — Alcides : see 
 i. 343. — Hospes claviger, i. e. Alcides. — 69. Dux Neritius, Ulysses, 
 so named from mount Neritus in Ithaca, Od. ix. 21. — haestry- 
 gones : see Od. x. 120. They were localised at Formiae (Mola 
 di Gaeta) in Campania. — exstant, i. q. sunt. — Et quod, etc. The 
 constr. is, Et litus quod, etc. The hill of Circeii, on the 
 coast of Latium, was identified with Aeaea, the fabulous isle of 
 Circe. — Telegoni, sc. vioenia, i. e. Tuscuium, said to have been 
 founded by Telegonus, the son of Ulysses and Circe. — Tiburis udi : 
 comp. Hor. Carm. i. 7, 13 ; iii. 29, 6. — Argolicae, etc. : comp. Hor. 
 Carm. ii. 6, 5 ; Virg. Aen. vii. 670, seq. Tibur was said to owe its 
 origin to three brothers, from Argos, named Tiburnus, Catillus, and 
 Coras. — Atridae, sc. JiUus. Falerii, the capital of the Faliscans, in 
 Etruria, was said to have been founded by Halesus, a son of Aga- 
 memnon's : comp. Virg. Aen. vii. 723. The name of this supposed 
 founder is plainlj^ derived from Faliscus (/and h are commutable), 
 and his Argive origin is owing to the resemblance of the worship of 
 Juno in both places. — 73. Trojanae, etc. : see II. vii. 348 ; Hor. 
 Ep. i. 2, 9. Antenor was said to have settled at Patavium {Padua) : 
 comp. Virg. Aen. i. 242, seq. ; Liv. i. 1. We see not why he and 
 Aeneas (v. 78) should be classed among the Greek colonists.— 
 Oeniden, Dioniedes, the grandson of Oeneus. He settled in Apulia, 
 where he married the daughter of Daunus, king of the country : see 
 Virg. Aen. xi. 246. — 79. Solymiis. The imaginary founder of Sulmo, 
 the capital of the Pelignians, our poet's native place. — Sidmonis 
 gelidi, etc. These four lines were evidently written, and inserted 
 when he began to revise the poem, with the intention of dedicating 
 it to Germamcas.— gelidi, because it was up in the Apennines. — 
 Ergo age, etc. The editions, in general, following one or two infe- 
 rior MSS., read Ei-go ego tarn longe ? . . 
 
BOOK IV. 61-134. 181 
 
 85-90. Latin origin of the name. This was the opinion of Varro, 
 who says (ut sup.) : Hujus mensis nomeji ego magis puto dichmi quod 
 ver omnia aperit. Against this our poet now argues. It may be 
 here observed that a different Latin origin of the name has lately 
 been given by Goettling (Rom. Statverf. p. 168), viz.: that the 
 original name was Parilis, from the Parilia or Palilia, whence 
 Aprilis was formed by transposing the first two letters. — Eripuisse. 
 This may be used in the usual manner for eripere : but it seems to 
 have been the custom to use this tense after the subj. of i)o/o; see on 
 Hor. Sat. ii 3, 187. — dictum, sc. mensem. — injecta, etc., alluding 
 to the mode of claiming property called injectio manus, i. e. by seizing 
 it when met ; Et dicam Mea sunt ; injiciamque manus. Am. i. 4, 40 : 
 comp. ib. ii. 5, 30 ; Virg. Aen. x. 419 ; Liv. iii. 43. 
 
 91-116. First argument, the dignity and power of Venus : comp. 
 Lucr. i. 1, seq. — temperat, rules, governs : comp. Hor. Ep. i. 19, 28. — 
 nullo deo, i. e. to that of no god. For examples of this construction, 
 see on Hor. Sat. i. 1, 3. — natalibus, because she sprang from them. — - 
 continet, holds, maintains, keeps up. — 95. Ilia deos, etc. According 
 to the theogony of Greece, nearly all the gods were begotten and 
 born like mankind, while Venus had previously been produced in a 
 different manner. — rudes, etc.,i. e. homines rudium animorum. — unum, 
 sc. locum. — 100. nee co'eant, i.e. non coirent. — cultus, dress. — munda 
 cura, i. e. cura munditiae. — Primus avians, etc. The meaning is not 
 that the first lover did so, but that Venus first made it be done. The 
 strain of the metre was probably the cause of this unusual construc- 
 tion. — carvien vigilatum. This seems to intimate that it was com- 
 posed extempore, as he was watching at the door all through the 
 night : comp. v. 167 ; A. A. i. 735 ; ii. 285. 
 
 117-124. Second argument ; claims of Venus on the gratitude of 
 the Romans. — aucta : see on 1. 612.- — P?-o Troja : see II. v. 3S5, seq. 
 — Caelestes, etc. The well-known judgement of Paris. — Ah! nolim, 
 etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. i. 27. — Assaraci, etc. By her union with 
 Anchises : see v. 35. — scilicet. This is merely emphatic in this 
 place : comp, Virg. Geor. ii. 534. 
 
 125-134. Third argument ; the beauty of spring is suited to 
 Venus: comp. i. 151, 5^^.; iii. 235, seq. — nitent ; expressing the 
 fresh lively green of the young grass and corn. — agit, i. e. exagit. — 
 materna, sc. Veneris, like natalibus, v. 93. — Rite (sc. ergo), etc. He 
 concludes triumphantly that the Roman women are right in wor- 
 shiping Venus atthistime. — colitis, sc. hoc die. — 134. Et vos, etc. i. e. 
 the meretrices, who were not permitted to wear the vitta or bandeau, 
 or the stola or long tunic, appropriated to women of character : see 
 
182 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 on Hor. Sat. i. 2, 63. Scripsimus liaec illls, quarum nee vitta jjudicas 
 Attingit crines nee stola longa pedes. Ex Pont. iii. 3, 54. 
 
 135-162. Worship of Venus. — Aurea, etc. Washing of the 
 statue of the goddess : see the poem of Callimachus, Et'e Xovrpa 
 rfiQ UaXkaSoQ, with the notes of Spanheim, for these washings. — 
 aurea redimicula, the gold-adorned strings of the cap which was 
 on the statue. Et habent redimicula mitrae, Virg. Aen. ix. 616.-^ 
 marmoreo, either lit. made of marble, or fig. white. — divitias, i. e. 
 the rich ornaments, earrings, etc. that were on it. — alii, i. e. novi. — 
 suh viridi wyrto, i.e. crowned with myrtle. 'Er t^ ('ATrpiWiqj) 
 Qvovffi TE Ty de(^j, Kai toiq KaXdvcaiQ i.(Tre(paviji)[xivai a'l yvvalicsc 
 Hvpaivtj Xovovrai, Plut. Num. 19. — 141. sudantes rora. Like 
 Milton's : " Braid your locks with rosy twine. Dropping odours, 
 dropping wine," Comus, 105. The editions in general rea-d rorantes 
 nuda, after some inferior MSS. — opposita, placed between her and 
 them. — detis, sc. kac die. — calida qui, etc. i. e. in balneis. Fre- 
 quenter MULIERES SUPPLICANT FoRTUNAE ViRILI HUMILIORES 
 ETIAM IN BALINIIS QUOD IN IIS EA PARTE CO . . . UTIQUE VIRI 
 NUDANTUR QUA FEMINARUM GRATIA DESIDERATUR. Tab. Pracn. 
 
 ad Kal. Apr. — Aspicit, etc. The reason. — tegat, sc. mulier. — 151. 
 Nee pigeat, etc. This practice, of which he gives a mythic origin, is 
 not mentioned any where else.— -ffojjzfif, etc. Origin of the title 
 Verticordia. In the year 639, a young Roman lady, named Elvia, 
 when riding was struck with lightning, and both herself and the 
 horse were killed. As it was found that both of them were stripped, 
 and Elvia's clothes thrown up, her shoes, rings, and head-attire 
 scattered about, and her tongue forced out of her mouth, the 
 soothsayers were consulted, who declared that it portended infamy 
 to some of the Vestals and the Knights. On enquiry it was found 
 that three of those virgins, Aeniilia, Licinia, and Marcia had broken 
 their vows and intrigued with some members of the equestrian 
 order. The Vestals were accordingly buried alive, as also, by 
 direction of the Sibylline books, were two Greeks and two Gauls, 
 to appease the anger of some strange deities. It was also directed 
 that a statue should be made of Venus Verticordia, that she might 
 turn the hearts of the women from evil. This statue was dedicated 
 by Sulpicia, the wife of Fulvius Flaccus, to whom the palm was 
 given for cliastity : see Plut. Q. R. 83 ; Val. Max. viii. 15 ; Plin. 
 vii. 35 ; Jul. Obs. 33. — Templa. We have seen that it was only a 
 statue ; but a temple may have been built to receive it. 
 
 163, 164. The evening-setting of Scorpio ; see Merkel, p. Ixix. 
 
 165-178. Morning-setting of the Pleiades. This setting is 
 
BOOK IV. 185-209. 183 
 
 cosmic. ArjixoKpiTii) n\tidSs£ K^vmovrai afia riXiti) dviffxovri, Gemi- 
 nus, p. 69. — queruntur. The verb queror is properly used of the 
 warbling of birds : see Hor. Epod. 2, 20. It is also used of the 
 soft sweet tones of the pipe or flute. Lucr. iv. 588 ; Hor. Carm. iii. 
 7, 30. — Semiustam, etc. : see ii. 500. — ^aternos, of their father 
 Atlas. — relevare, to relieve, lighten, by going off the sky. — 170. 
 septem, etc. Though only six could be seen, they were said to be 
 seven ; probablj' from the regard for unequal numbers. — Septima, 
 etc. Reasons for her invisibility. For the Pleiades, see Mythology, 
 p. 464. 
 
 179-372. The Megalesia, or festival of the Mother of the Gods, 
 introduced into Rome, from Asia, A. U. 547 : see Liv. xxix. 14 ; 
 Lucr. ii. 598, seq .; Virg. Aen. ii. 785. 
 
 179-188. Manner of the festival. — Ttr, etc, : sc. j^osj! iv. Non. 
 — Titan, i. e. Sol. This appellation of the Sun was peculiar to the 
 Roman poets. The Greek Helios was not properly one of the 
 Titans : see Mythol. p. 53. — hrflexo cornu, sc. cum. — Berecynthia. 
 So named from Mt. Berecynthus, in Phrygia. — Idaeae. From Mt. 
 lA&.—semimares, sc. sacerdotes, the Galli or priests of Cybele, who 
 were eunuchs. — tympana, rvixvava (a rvTrru)), drums, not tam- 
 borines, as is proved by the epithet inania. — Aera, cymbals. — 185. 
 fysa, the goddess, i. e. her image : see on v. 276.—molli, effeminate, 
 or rather i. q. mobili : see on Virg. Geor. ii. 389. — comituvi. It was 
 carried by a Phrygian man and woman : see Dionys. ii. 19. — exulu- 
 lata, sc. a turha sequente.- — Scena, etc. Stage-plays were always per- 
 formed at this festival : see Liv. ut snp. xxxvi. 36, and the inscrip- 
 tions in Terence. — Etfora, etc. These days were nefast. 
 
 189-214. Causes of the clashing of cymbals, etc. — Quaei-ere, sc. 
 a te, dea. — lotos. The wood of this tree, which grew on the coast 
 of Libya, was used for making pipes and flutes : see Theophr. 
 H. P. iv. 3 ; Plin. N. H. xiii. 17. — adimca. This seems to indicate 
 the expansion at the bottom of the tibia or clarionet. — Cybeleia. 
 From Mt. Cybelus. — neptes, grand-daughters, i. e. the Muses, as the 
 Greeks had identified the Phrygian goddess with Rhea, the mother 
 of Jupiter. — 195. Erato, from Ipcuji, to love. — Cessit, sc. sorte, has 
 fallen to her. — Reddita, sc. a Caelo et Terra : see Hes. Theog. 464. 
 — movere, sc. a loco, i. e. to disturb.— ^c/em, the tradition, which is 
 generally believed. — Veste, etc. She gave him a stone in swad- 
 dling-clothes instead of Jupiter. — tinnitibus, sc. aeris. — 209. sudibus. 
 This is the reading of three inferior MSS. and of Lactant. i. 21. 
 All the good MSS. read manibus ; two inferior ones rudibus. 
 Lobeck (Aglaoph. p. 1125) proposes tudibus. In the Greek narra- 
 
184 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 tives they are £yx£tp(5ia, ^[(pea, SopaTa. — 210. Curetes. These were 
 said to have danced the Trvppixrjv or war-dance, about the infant 
 Jupiter, in Crete. They were afterwards confounded with the 
 Corybantes or ministers of the Phrygian Mother.^ — terga, sc. bourn, 
 with which the drums were covered : comp. v. 342. 
 
 215-220. Enquiry why she was represented in a car, drawn by 
 lions, and her head crowned with towers. 
 
 221-246. Why her priests were eunuchs. Story of Attis : see 
 Catull. Ixiii. ; Mythol. p. 224. — suatem2)latueri,'\. e. be the vtiiyicopoQ, 
 aedituus, sexton : see on Hor. Ep. ii. 1, 230. — -puer, a maiden, if we 
 may so express it. — 231. Ndida, i.e. Hamadryada. The Latin 
 poets thus confounded the various classes of the Grecian Nymphs. 
 — procumbere, sc. in se. — Dmdt/ma, sc.juga. — Palaestinas deas, i.e. 
 the Erynnies or Furies. " Has explicandas doctiori alicui et acu- 
 tiori relinquo," says Merkel, p. ccxx. There was a place on the 
 coast of Epirus, at which Julius Caesar landed, named Palaestae 
 (Caes. Bell. Civ. iii. 6 ; Luc. v. 460), where there was a temple of 
 these goddesses, if we may credit a literary friend of Marsus, who 
 commented on Ovid in the 16th century. 
 
 247-290. Coming of the goddess to Rome ; departure and voy- 
 age. — amoenam fontibus, TroXwriSaKa. — ojjes, i. e. regnum. Trojanas 
 opes, Virg. Aen. ii. 4. — sacriferas, as bearing the Penates, the fire 
 of Vesta, etc. — Post, id, etc. A. U. 547, there were frequent 
 showers of stones at Rome, and the Sibylline books, on being con- 
 sulted, directed that the Idaean Mother should be fetched from 
 Pessinus. Five men of high rank were therefore sent to request 
 the image of the goddess from Attalus, king of Pergamus, who did 
 not venture to refuse the prayer of the mighty republic. Liv. xxix. 
 10, 11. — 260. casta, pure, holy: comp. Hor. A. P. 207. — Paean, 
 Apollo, i. e. the oracle at Delphi : see Liv. /. c. — Nostra eris, 
 sc. etiam. — refertur, is brought back by her pedigree, i. e. the 
 Romans were descended from the Trojans. — lUa quibus, etc. : see 
 Virg. Aen. ix. 85. Livy says that the Romans brought the goddess 
 in their own ship, as of course they did. — 275. coloribus ustis: see 
 on iVi. 831 .—Caelestum Matrem. Allatum ex Phri/gia nihil quidem 
 aliud scribitur missum rege ah Attalo nisi lapis quidem non magnus, 
 ferri manu hominis sine ulla impressione qui posset, colons furvi atque 
 atri, angellis prominentibus inaequalis, Arnob. vii. p. 285. It was 
 manifestly an aerolite. — sui nati, i. e. Neptuni. — Phrixeae sororis, i.e. 
 Helles. — capax. Probably as the Grecian fleet lay there. — 280. 
 veteres, etc. Thebes, near Adramyttium, the realm of Eetion, the 
 father of Andromache : see II. vi. 395. — Qiiaque, etc. The coast 
 
BOOK IV. 210-337. 185 
 
 of Euboea, in which was the town of Cai-ystus, celebrated for its 
 marble. — Transit, passes, goes beyond ; for the ship could not 
 have been in this part of the sea, which is off the coast of Asia. — 
 286. Cylhera. An island off the south coast of Laconia. — Brontes, 
 etc, the Cyclopes: comp. Virg. Aen. viii. 416, seq. — legit, i.e. 
 passes along the edge of it. 
 
 291-348. Coming of the goddess to Rome; arrival. — Ostia, the 
 mouth of the river, not the town of that name. — Dividit, spreads 
 itself. — Quaeque colunt, etc. The Vestals. — contento, strained as they 
 were towing up the vessel.^-300. pressa, i. q. depressa. — quam pro 
 parte, than his share, i. e. than he is able. — Adjuvat, etc. Just as is 
 done at the present day in all countries. — monstro, prodigy ; for as 
 such they regarded it. — 305. Quinta, as she was a fifth daughter : 
 see Hist, of Rome, p. xiv. — Claiiso. Clausus was the Eponymus 
 or mythic head of the Claudian gens : see Virg. Aen. vii. 706. — 
 fades, appearance. — impar, sc. generi. — et, also. — criminis, charge. — 
 acta rea est, she was held guilty. — cultiis, her style of dress. — Mun- 
 ditiae ei ornatus et cultus, haec femmarum ingenia sunt, Liv. xxxiv. 
 7. — 310. ad, i. q. aptcd, with: comp. Tr. ii. 472. — Conscia, etc. 
 The whole of this is very like what Livy relates, iv. 44. Modem 
 anno Postumia Virgo Vestalis de incestu causam dixit, crimine innoxia, 
 ob susjncionem 2)rojjter cultuni amoeniorem ingeniumque liberius 
 quam virginem decet, parian abJiorrens (i. e. evitans) famam. Ampli- 
 atam, deinde absolutam . . . pontifex maximus abstinere jocis, colique 
 sancte potius quam scitejussit. — Haec ubi, etc. It would appear from 
 this that Ovid regarded her as a matrona like Livy, xxix. 14 ; she 
 is a virgo in Stat. Silv. i. 11, 245, and Claudian de Laud. Ser. 28 ; 
 and a Virgo Vestalis in Herodian i. 11 ; Aur. Vict, de Vir. 111. 16, 
 and Sid. Apoll. Carni. xxiv. 41 : see Drak. on Sil. Ital. xvii. .33. — 
 326. scena, etc. It would seem from this that there was some play 
 on, or some representation of this act given at the Megalesia. — 
 Mota dea est, etc. The same thing is told of a bishop named Sil- 
 vanus, by Socrates Scholast. vii. 37, and of St. Thomas, in India, 
 by Camoens, Lusiadas, c. x. st. 1 10, 11 1.— ^ej?zuH,a bend. The course 
 of the Tiber below Rome is so very tortuous, that it seems quite 
 impossible to say where this place was. — 330. Atria, i. e. domus, the 
 residence of the god of the stream ; comp. Virg. Aen. viii. 65. It 
 may be that the current had worn a hole into the bank there. The 
 usual reading- is Ostia, given by a few inferior MSS.— /oco, an altar. 
 — coronarunt, as was usual when a ship was coming into port : comp. 
 Virg. Geor. i. 304; Aen. iv. 418. — 337. Almo. This streamlet 
 enters the Tiber a little way below Rome. It was the custom to 
 
186 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 wash the goddess every year in it. Luc. i. 600 ; Am. Marc, xxiii. 3. 
 — canus sacerdos, sc. deae. One of the Galli who had come with the 
 image. — 343. celeberrima. Because the people crowded to look at 
 her. — Ipsa, sc. dea. — porta Capena. This gate, from which the 
 Appian road ran, was nearest to the place where the goddess was 
 landed.— iVff^fm. P. Cornelius, cousin to Scipio Africanus, and son 
 of Cn. Scipio, who fell in Spain, A.U. 540 (Hist, of Rome, p. 228). 
 The oracle had directed that the goddess should be received into 
 his house by the best man in Rome (Liv. /. c. ; comp. v. 260.). P. 
 Nasica, though too young to be even quaestor, was pronounced to 
 be virum bonorum optimum, and he was sent, the historian says, to 
 meet the goddess at the mouth of the river, and deliver her to the 
 matrons, who were to carry her to Rome. — non perstitit, i. e. has 
 not remained the same. The poet seems here to assert that one of 
 the Caecilii was the person to whom the charge of building the 
 temple of the goddess was given. Of this we have no account 
 any where else. The contract for building the temple was made 
 A. U. 548, by the censors M. Livius, C. Claudius, and it was dedi- 
 cated A. U. 561 by M. Junius Brutus, whose colleague in office, 
 however, Metellus may have been : see Liv. xxxvi. 36. It stood 
 on the Palatine, and was rebuilt by Augustus. 
 
 349-372. Other usages at this festival. — parva cur stipe, etc. The 
 begging of her priests, named by the Greeks nrjrpayvpreXv. To 
 
 jU£-d TVflTT-dvMV Kui TlVix}V TOIOVTIOV TTe^Ukval Kul tTTl TIJ fXTlTpi 
 
 dyeipEiv Tpocpds. Eustath. ad Od. p. 1824: comp. Dionys. ii. p. 91. 
 — Contulit, etc., Pojmliis frequens dona deae in Palatiuvi tulit, Liv. 
 ut sup. This however could not have been the origin of a practice 
 well-known in Greece. — Cur vicibus, etc. It was the custom of the 
 Roman nobles to give dinner-parties during the Megalesia, which 
 was termed mutitare, probably from mutuus : see Gell. ii. 24. ; xviii. 
 2. The poet's reason is futile. — indictas dapes, announced, pro- 
 claimed, to which people were invited. Burmann says, " proprie de 
 non vocatis, sed qui sponte veniunt ad epulas. Suet. Ner. 27. Vit. 
 13." — primi, the first in dignity and estimation. — 361. Cur igitur, 
 etc., why her priests were called Galli. — insana aqua, water that 
 makes insane. Pliny (xxxi. 5), having named the Gallus among 
 the streams whose waters cured the stone, adds, sed ibi in potando 
 necessarius modus, ne lympihatos' agat. We need not say that no 
 water ever had that power. — 367. Non pudet, etc. Why the more- 
 turn was placed before the goddess. This was a mess composed of 
 garlic, parsley, and other herbs, pounded up with cheese, oil, and 
 vinegar ; see the poem named Moretum, ascribed to Virgil. 
 
BOOK IV. 343-410. 187 
 
 373-376. Dedication of temple of Fortuna Publica, on the side of 
 the Quirinal. — motis, i. q. amotis. — Pallantias. Aurora. We cannot 
 tell why Ovid calls her thus, both here and Met. ix. 420 ; xv. 191. 
 In Hesiod, Eos is the cousin-german of Pallas. Possibly there is 
 a secret reference to palleo. — levarit, sc.jugo. Corpora veste levant. 
 Met. X. [76.—valle Quirini. This lay between the Quii'inal and 
 Viminal hills : see Juv. ii. 133. Most MSS. read colle. 
 
 377-388. Victory over Juba. — Tertia lux, i. e. the third day of 
 the Megalesia. — ludis, the stage-plays. — perfida. They were such 
 only in the eyes of a Caesarian, — magnanimi, high-minded. — Ilanc 
 sedem, sc. in orchestra. — Inter bis, etc. The Viginitiviratus was a 
 rank leading to the senate. Of its twenty members, three presided 
 at executions, three were over the mint, four over the roads ; the 
 remaining ten presided over the juries in trials. Ovid, as appears 
 from this place, had been in this body. — 385. seducimur imbre, we 
 are separated by the rain. As the ancient theatres were not roofed, 
 people had to seek shelter when rain came on. — Pendula, sc. nam. 
 Libra was now soon to set, i. e. on vi. Id. (Plin. xviii. 66.) on 
 which day Ofion also would set. — tamen. This word seems to sig- 
 nify here, moreover. — summa dies, sc. Megalesium. 
 
 389-392. Last day of the Megalesia. Circensian games. — Pro.v- 
 ima, sc. ludis. — celeber, frequented, filled. — pompa, in the Circen- 
 sian pomp or procession the principal men of the state, preceded 
 by their sons on horseback, and followed by charioteers, musicians, 
 and others, proceeded from the Capitol to the Circus. The images 
 of the gods, carried on men's shoulders, closed the procession : see 
 Amor. iii. 2 ; Dionys. vii. 72. — Prima, etc. the chariot-races in the 
 Circus. 
 
 393-416. The Cereris Ludi, or CereaHa, which lasted for eight 
 days. — Hinc, i. e. after the Megalesia. One day intervened. — causae, 
 dat. — cacumen, sc. rami. — Bene erat, sc. iis, they feasted : see on 
 Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 120. — Acs erat, etc. x^^i^V ^' spya^oiro, [isXag 6' ovk 
 icTKs aiSr]po^, Hes. "Epy. 151. — 405. chalybeia, from the mines of the 
 Chalybes, near the Euxine. — ducem, Augustus. — unctas tedas, i. e. 
 resinous pine-wood. — casta, pure, holy. 
 
 417-454. Rape of Proserpine: see Met. v. 341, seq., Mythol. 
 p. 170. — Plura, etc. Because he had related it already in the Meta- 
 morphoses. — 422. Henna. This was situated in an elevated valley, 
 nearly in the centre of the island : Cic. Verr.iv. 48. — caelestimi matres, 
 i. e. the goddesses : see Mythology, p. 507. — Arethusa,the nymph of 
 the fount at Syracuse, so named. — dissimili, i. e. variu. — gremium, the 
 \a]i.— sinus, sc. pal/ae.—AiO. rorem, sc. marinum, rosemary : see Flor. 
 
J 88 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Virg. s. V. — meliloton, a species of trefoil with a j'ellow blossom and a 
 fragrant smell. It grows abundantly in the south of Italy and in 
 Sicily. — -patruus, Pluto. 
 
 453-302. Search of Ceres. — Altonita, dismayed. — Ut vitulo, etc. 
 had probably in his mind Lucr. ii. .332, seq. — Si non, etc. This 
 seems to have been one of the legends invented to account for the 
 offering of swine to Ceres : comp. ij. 414; i. 349. It is not noticed 
 by any other writer. — 467. Jamque Leontinos, etc. He takes this 
 opportunity of indulging in a favourite practice of the ancient poets, 
 that of stringing together a great number of proper names. These 
 places which are all in Sicily, will be best know^n by consulting a 
 good map. It is also to be observed, that the poets, on these occa- 
 sions, follow no certain order, but jumble the names together at their 
 pleasure. — Amenana flumina. The river Amenanus runs by Catana : 
 Met. XV. 279 ; Strab. v. p. 367. It often ceases to flow for several 
 years, and then bursts out anew, at times inundating Catana. — 
 Cyanen. A fount near Syracuse. — verticihus, etc., as the Gelas, on 
 which it was buiU, was a strong rapid stream. — Quique locus, etc. 
 either Messana, originally named Zancle (i. e. hook), Thuc. vi. 4 ; 
 or Drepanum on the west coast. — 476. Melan. This is said to be 
 a river in the district of Messana, where the land was extremely 
 fertile : see Theophr. H. P. viii. 3. — Heloria tempe, i. e. the dale or 
 glen of the Helorus ; like the Tuscan Val d'EIsa,Val di Magra, and our 
 own Liddesdale, Annandale, Teesdale, Arundel, etc. The Greeks 
 named wooded glens, through which a river ran, Ts/LiTTEa, Ts/^tt//. — 
 484. alternis, sc. vicibus. — 490. jam vigiles, etc. OvSe Kvvdv vXcikyi It 
 ava TTToXiv, Apoll. Rh.iii. 749. — Alia, etc. Virgil (Aen.iii. 378) places 
 Enceladus, not Typhoeus, under Aetna. — -pumicis. The poets use this 
 word for any kind of loose porous stone. — 497. Quo, etc. It hence 
 appears that the goddess kept her ' dragon-yoke' in this cavern. — 
 sicca, dryshod, as she drove through the air. — 300. Nisaei. Ovid, 
 Hke Virgil (Buc. vi. 74.), confounds this Scylla with the daughter of 
 Nisus. — Triste. 'AysXacrrog TTsrpa. 
 
 303-360. Ceres at Eleusis. — Sub Jove, i. e. in the open air : see 
 Hor. Carm. i. 1,23. — Eleusin, 'EXtvcriv. This, which is the proper 
 name, is the reading of the best MSS. — mora, blackberries. The 
 adj. excussa properly refers to glandes, for blackberries cannot be 
 shaken down. — 321. neque emm,exc. 'Ogih' Kar ocyaojv S' ov Osmc (iaXtiv 
 daKpv, Eur. Hipp. 1396 : comp. Met. ii. 621. — qua cogere j)osses, sc. 
 by naming her daughter. — 333. Quae quia, etc. The mythic reason 
 why those who were initiated at Eleusis did not taste food till even- 
 ing.— 343. liquefacta, etc. We confess we do not quite understand 
 
BOOK IV. 440-646. 189 
 
 this. Either rennet, or a kind of cheese, or ricotta is meant : see 
 Virg. Terms of Husb. v. Caseus. — Trij^tolevmrn, i. e. the child. In 
 the Homeridian Hymn to Ceres, he is named Demophoon. 
 
 561-620. Further search of Ceres. — trahit, sc. circum se. — in dra- 
 cones, i. e. in curruni. — expositum, projecting, lit. placed ont. — tiita, 
 defended by. — in dextrum, etc., i. e. the south coast of the Saronic 
 Gulf. — /o)2M»?z, i. e. the sea on the coast of Ionia, not that to the 
 west of Greece : comp. Met. iv. 534 ; Ex Pont. iv. 5. 6 ; Val. Fiac. 
 i. 24 ; Stat. Th. i. li.—Parrhasides, i. e. Arcadia : see ii. 189. — 580. 
 Helice : see iii. 108. — de quo, etc. He was himself her father. — 
 589. sola, sc. et nihil aliud—victore Gyge, i. e. if the Giants had been 
 victorious in their war with the gods. Gyges, or rather Gyes, 
 whom Ovid makes a giant, was one of the hundred-handed, who 
 aided Jupiter against the Titans, Hes. Th. 617, 5^(7. — 596. Rtddat, 
 sc. Persephonen. — Chaos, i. e. Erebus, with the usual confusion of the 
 Latin poets. — 602. Stat, sc. sententia. — Punica, etc. i. e. of the 
 pomegranates. — le^ito, tough, hard. — 619. Alba, etc. This does not 
 seem to have been peculiar to the Cerealia, but to have belonged 
 to all festivals. 
 
 621-624. Temple of Jupiter Victor, and Atrium Libertatis, de- 
 dicated. — hac (sc. 7iam), etc. The temple, which was dedicated on 
 this day, was vowed by Q. Fabius Rullianus, in a battle with the 
 Samnites A. U. 457 : see Liv. x. 29. Its site is unknown. — Airia, 
 etc. The Atrium Libertatis appears to have stood on the ridge, 
 running from the Quirinal to the Capitoline hill, afterwards cut down 
 by Trajan : see Becker Handbuch Rom. Antiq. i. 462. The date 
 of its erection is unknown. It seems to have been originally in- 
 tended for the use of the censors. Asinius Pollio rebuilt it and 
 placed in it a public library. 
 
 625-628. The battle of Mutina : see Hist, of Rome, p. 455. — 
 Ventiis, sc. 7iam. — Scilicet vt fuerit, be that as it may, i. e. be there 
 hail or not. — hac Gra?idine, in this hail, i. e. on this day. 
 
 629-640. The Fordicidia.— 5«cra litate, sc. Telluri, v. 634. Lito, 
 KaXkieo'toj, is here used simply for, to offer. — Forda. He gives the 
 meaning of this word in accordance with Varro (L. L. vi. 15) and 
 Festus (s.v.). — Telluri, sc. igitur. — 635. Pars, i.e. wia. — Curia, 
 (collect.), i. q. curiae. Eo die publice immolantur boves praegnantes in 
 curiis complures, Varro, /. c. — Virgo, sc. Vestalis. — Luce Palis, \. e. the 
 Palilia, v. 733. 
 
 641-672. Origin of this festival. — hixuriabat, over-abounded. — 
 primis in lierbis, in the very young corn. — 646. Et levis, etc. Instead of 
 corn, the light worthless wild oat covered the ground : comp. Virg. 
 
190 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Buc. vi. 36 ; Geor. i. 154. — acerbos, sour, unripe, i. e. immature. 
 Taken from fruits. — 651. Ille dabat, etc. The incubatio, kyKoifir](jiQ, 
 or divining sleep : see Virg. Aen. vii. 81, seq. — sua verba, i.e. the 
 appropriate words. — 669. errantem, puzzled, perplexed : comp. v. 
 261. — conjtix, Egeria. 
 
 673-676. Assumption of the praenomen Imperator, by Caesar : 
 see Dion lii. 41. — Hanc quondam, etc. 'HlXtov ^' aKaiiavra i^odnriQ 
 TTori'ia "Hpjj T\.'eiii\jiv Ltt' 'QiaavoXo poag asKOVTa vkeaOai, II. xviii. 239. 
 — bella, the war against Antonius. 
 
 677, 678. Evening-setting of the Hyades. — Dorida, i.e. the sea. 
 Doris was the daughter of Oceanus, and wife of Nereus. 
 
 679-712. Last day of the Cerealia. Burning of foxes in the 
 Circus. — Carcere, collective. The Cerealia concluded, as we may 
 see, like the Megalesia, with chariot-races. — partitos, separated in 
 their carceres, or stalls, before they were started : see on Virg. Geor. 
 i. 412. — Cur igitur, etc. This custom is mentioned by no other 
 writer, and it is unnoticed in the Kalendars. It seems strange that 
 what gave occasion to it, should have taken place at Carseoli, high 
 up in the Apennines, and which could not even have belonged to 
 Rome, when the Cerealia was instituted. — missae, i.e. emissae,\Gt 
 go, started, like the horses. — ingeniosus, well-adapted. Nunc locus 
 arvorum ingeniis, Virg. Geor. ii. 177. — 685. Pelignos, sc. agros. 
 Ovid was a native of Sulmo in that country. — uvida semper. For it 
 was well watered. — ementis, as having done their day's work, as it 
 w^ere. — 690. Unde meum, etc. Hence it appears that Ovid did not 
 write this work merely from books ; but was at pains to collect all 
 traditions also, — 694. falcis. This is here probably the sickle ; 
 for the vine, we believe, does not grow in that elevated region. — ■ 
 bidentis. For this implement, see Virg. Terms of Husb. s. v. — 695. 
 tibicine. The tibicen was a prop set against a wall, to prevent it from 
 falling out. — extremi, etc. i. e. in the osiery at the end of a valley. 
 There is a kind of hypallage. — 704. cokortis, of the yard. The 
 cohors, x^^TOQ, was usually of a round form. Mapalia vocanlur ubi 
 habitant ; ea quasi cohortes rotundae sunt, Cato ap. Fest. v. Mapalia. 
 — aves, o^vStq, fowl. — 710. nam vivere, etc. Merkel has placed in 
 the text the following conjectural reading: nam de cruce cur- 
 iam Nunc quoque lex vulpem Carseolana nee at. — ardet, sc. Romae. 
 
 713-720. Entrance of the Sun into Taurus. — lutea, KpoKOTTSTrXoe. — 
 prodidit, gave up, i. e. lost. — victima major, i. e. Taurus : comp. Virg. 
 Geor. i. 186. — Pars (sc. nam), etc. As in representations of the 
 stellar heaven only the fore part of this sign appeared, it could not 
 be decided of which sex it was. — Seu tamen, etc. For some said it 
 
BOOK IV. 647-733. 191 
 
 was the bull that carried Europa, others the cow into which lo had 
 been changed : comp. v. 603. vi. 712. The former seems to have 
 been the poet's own opinion. 
 
 721-862. The Palilia. The birthday of Rome. 
 
 721-782. Mode of celebrating' the festival. — abiit. The last syl- 
 lable is long, on account of the arsis and the following pause : comp. 
 iii. 474 ; Hor. Sat. i. 4, S2.— Palilia, sc. ad. We have retained this 
 reading, which is that of the great majority of the MSS. Merkel 
 reads Parilia, after one of the best, and an erasure in a second. In 
 Cicero, the word is always Parilia, as it likewise is in the Greek 
 writers, Plutarch excepted. On the other hand, Varro (L. L. vi. 
 15), says, Palilia dicta a Pale, quod ei feriae, and Charisius (i. p. 55), 
 Pales dea pastoralis est, cujus dies festus Palilia diciintur, nisi quod 
 qiddam a partu Iliae Parilia dicere maluerunt. It would therefore 
 seem that those who derived it from the name of the goddess, called 
 it Palilia, while those who regarded it as a vernal festival, suited to 
 that season, when nature is producing plants and animals, named it 
 Parilia, as if derived from pario. — Pales. Dea est pabidi, quam alii 
 Vestam, alii Matrem deum volunt. Hanc Virgilius genere feminino ap- 
 pellat, alii, inter qiios Varro, mascidino genere, Serv. on Geor. iii. 1 . 
 According to Arnobius (iii. 40), the Etruscans worshiped among 
 the Penates, Palem, sed non illam feniinam, quam vulgaritas accipit, 
 sed masculini nescio quern generis ministrwn Jovis ac villicum : see 
 Merkel, p. ccviii. — 725. Certe ego, etc. : see v. 733.— februa : see 
 ii. 19. — transilui, etc. Palilia tarn pid>lica quam privata sunt. Et est 
 genus hilaritatis et lusus apud rusticos, ut congesfis cum foeno stipidis 
 ignem magnum transiliant his Palihhus, se expiari credentes, Varro ap. 
 Schol. Pers. i. 72. Casaubon, in his note on that place, shows how 
 this custom was transmitted to the early Christians, who only 
 changed the time of it to St. John's day (June 2.3rd). The Scandi- 
 navians had a similar custom of lighting purifying fires, in honour of 
 their god Baldur, at the time of the summer-solstice, and among 
 them also, St. John took the place of the heathen deity. This 
 custom has also prevailed among the Celts of Ireland and Scotland, 
 down to our own days. — Udaque, etc. A branch of bay was used 
 for sprinkling the purifying water : comp. v. 677. — 730. Puppis, i. e. 
 carmen. The course of the poem is compared to that of a ship, in 
 the usual manner of poets ; " Now strike your sailes yee iolly ma- 
 riners, For we be come unto a quiet rode," Faerie Queene, ii. xii. 
 42. — suffimen, i. q. suffimentum, fumigation, i. e. material for fumi- 
 gating. — 733. Sangids, etc. The suffimen, which they then got from the 
 Vestals, was the ashes of the calves, from the Fordicidia (see v. 640), 
 
192 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 tho blood of a horse, and dry bean-stalks. This horse was what was 
 called the October Equus, qui in Campo Martio mense Octobri immo- 
 Intur qvotannis Marti bignrum victricum dexterior .... ejusdevique 
 Cauda tanta celeritate perferfur in Regiam, ut ex ea sanguis destiUet in 
 focum, pai'ticipandae rei divinae gratia, Festuss.i;. Plutarch (Q. R. 97) 
 says that this took place on the Ides of December, and that /cojui'^ti 
 Kai rbv f3(i)fibv aii^daffsi rrjV jjiiv ovpav diroKo^aQ tiq stti t7)v "P/jyte- 
 vav (i. e. Regiam) KoXovukvrjv. By the 'Fliyeiva, he evidently 
 means the Regia, which he regards as the temple of Vesta, to which 
 it belonged in his time ; see on v. 949. For the Regia, see on ii. 69. — 
 culmen, i. e. cidmiis. — inane, as the beans were gone. — 735. ad 
 prima, etc., vtto vvktu, at nightfall. — Unda, etc. The dust of the 
 ])lace was to be laid with water, and then swept away. — Caerulei. 
 The flame of sulphur, as is well-known, is blue. — 740. Tacta, sc. 
 nasum, by the strong fume of the sulphur. We do not think, that 
 the sheep were rubbed with it. — mares, " quae non faciunt fructus 
 vel grosses, unde alibi mascula thura," Vet. Gl. ap, Merkel. Some 
 MSS. read maris rores. — taedam. Sextum genus (pinus) est taeda 
 proprie dicta, Plin. xvi. 10. — herbas, etc. : see on i, 343. — Liha, etc. 
 They offered cakes of millet, and also a basket-full of that pulse. — 
 745. dajies, the food that was to be offered to the goddess, and 
 then consumed by the worshipers. It must have consisted of bread 
 and cakes ; for Solinus saj^s, Et observatum deinceps ne qua hostia 
 Parilibus caederetur ut dies ista a caedibus purus esset ; which is 
 further proved by the use of the milk. — resectis. The liba, for 
 example, used to be cut into quarters ; see on Hor. Ep. i. 17, 49. — 
 Consule, etc. The prayer to Pales : comp. ii. 659. — sacro, sc. loco. 
 — 750. in bustis, on a tomb or grave : see on Virg. Buc. iv. 49. — 
 fugatae. It was the belief that the deities fled the view of mortals, 
 to whom, as the legends of Tiresias and Actaeon show, the view of 
 them was fatal. — Unde, etc. In the South, they give the sheep and 
 cattle leaves as well as grass to eat: see on Virg. Buc. ix. 61. — 
 755. degrandinat, it is pelting hail. This is a ajra? Xeyo/x. and is to 
 be explained after the analogy of Desaevio (Virg. Aen. iv. 52), and 
 so many other compounds in de.—fano. The reading of a very few 
 MSS. All the others have Fauna. — Nee Dryadas, etc. : see on 
 V. 751. — labra, i. e. lavacra, bathing-place. He alludes to Actaeon : 
 see Met. iii. 161. — Faunum, etc., i. e. Pan : comp. Theocr. i. 15. — 
 765. referam, sc. vesperi. — referat, etc. : comp. Virg. Buc. i. 35. — 
 770. Dent, etc. In making cheese, that the whey might run out 
 freely : comp. Tibull. ii. 3, 16. — vivorore, i. e. in running water. Ros, 
 like ^pocTQQ, is used for aqua: comp. Met. iii. 164, and see Valk. on 
 
BOOK IV. 735-843. 193 
 
 Eur. Hipp. 121. — camella. A wooden bowl used by the countryfolk. 
 — sapam. Fit, musto usque ad tertiam partem mensurae decocto, 
 Plin. xiv. 9. — Mooc, etc. : see v. 121. For the celebration of the 
 Palilia, corap. TibuU. ii. 5, 87, seq. 
 
 783-806. Various causes assigned for the origin of the Palilia. — 
 Turba, sc. causarum. — vitium, etc. Ovine per ignem Excoqnitur 
 vitium, Virg. Geor. i. 89. — qiie, even. — duce. In the South, the 
 shepherd usually walks at the head of his flock : see on Virg. Buc. 
 ii. 23. — An quia. Second cause : comp. Met. i. 432. — 791. An quod, 
 etc. Third cause. Aqua et igni solent interdici damnatis, quam acci- 
 piunt nuptae, Festus, v. Aqua. The interdicfio aqua et igni prevented 
 an exul from returning to Rome ; it was also the custom there for 
 the bride and the bridegroom to touch lire and water. — sunt, sc. sed. 
 Fourth cause. — referri, i. e. we are reminded of. — 795. Pars, i. e. 
 some people. Fifth cause. — An magis, or rather. Sixth cause. — 
 801. Num tamen, etc. A seventh cause, and the most probable one 
 in the poet's eyes. — cessaturae, that was no longer to be inhabited. 
 — natali, i. e. on the day of the Palilia, on which Rome was said to 
 have been founded. 
 
 807-862. Building of Rome : see Hist, of Rome, p. 13. — Ipse 
 locum, etc. Five inferior MSS., which the editions follow, read. Ipse 
 locus caussas, etc., which would seem to give a better sense than the 
 present reading, which Marsus says means, " By chance we are 
 come to the place where we are to relate the origin of Rome." 
 Perhaps casus may be the event in the preceding verses, and locum, 
 an occasion. — 820, suberant, were at hand. — ad solidum, sc. solum, i. e. 
 deep, till it came to the firm ground.— /rwges, etc. The hole (fossa), 
 which was dug on occasions like this, was named mundus. Into it 
 were cast a portion of all necessary natural productions, and a little 
 of the natal earth of each of the colonists : see Plut. Rom. 11. — 
 focus, i. e. ara. — 825. stivam, the plough-tail. For the ancient 
 plough and its parts, see Terms of Husbandry in our Virgil.— /jm?M, 
 i. q. fas, the duty of a pious person. — adhibere, to call, to summon, 
 to take to council : Cic. Off. ii. 23 ; iii. 20.— 831. Longa, etc. in 
 this verse, que connects aetas and potentia : comp. v. 881. Ovid 
 more than once calls Rome Urbs domina, but here, as the city was 
 not yet built, he uses terrae, instead of Urbis. Three MSS. read 
 domitae.—8Sl. Ccler. This is merely a personification of the Ce- 
 leres : see Hist, of Rome, p. 45. — 843. Rutro. Most MSS. read 
 retro, some rastro, a .few ult7'o. Rub'o is the happy emendation of 
 Heinsius, which all have adopted. Dionysius (i. 87) says that he 
 struck him riTi (rKa(pe'Kii, which is the rutrum, spade, or shovel : see 
 
 K 
 
194 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Virg. Terms of Husb. s. v. — occupat: see on i. 575. — servat, he 
 preserves, i. e. gives. — 850. dissimulata, so. adhuc, restrained. — non- 
 dnm facii. They M'ere not called Quirites till after their union with 
 the Sabines. — semper, still, i. e. long time. 
 
 863-900. The Vinalia. There were two festivals of this name ; 
 one, the present, celebrated in April ; the other in August, which 
 last was named rustica. Ovid here seems to confound the two : 
 see Merkel, p. xlvi. — utramque, sc. diem. — vulgares puellae, i. e. me- 
 retrices. — Multa, sc. nam, very. — professarum. When a woman in- 
 tended to become a meretrix, she g'ave the aediles notice of her name 
 and her intention {profitehatur), and she was thenceforth entered in 
 their books and under their inspection : see Tac. Ann. ii. 85, and 
 Lipsius in he, — 869. shymbria. The sisymbriuvi or thymhraeum is a 
 kind of wild mint. It is aromatic, exciting and tonic. — texta, etc., 
 bunches of roses, bound with rushes. — Templa, etc. The temple to 
 which he directs them to repair, is that of Venus Erycina, outside 
 of the Colline gate, which was dedicated A. U. 571, having been 
 vowed a few years before in the Ligurian war : Liv. xl. 34. Ovid 
 confounds it here M'ith the temple of Venus Erycina, on the Capito- 
 line, which was vowed A. U. 535, by the direction of the Sibylline 
 books, and was dedicated A. U. 536 : Liv. xxii. 9 ; xxiii. 31. He 
 makes a further mistake in connecting it with the taking of Syracuse 
 in A. U. 540 ; for Claudius Marcellus did not even go to Sicily till 
 A. U. 538. — Eryx. On this mountain, which was near Drepanum, 
 cm the west coast of Sicily, stood a famous temple of the Phoenician 
 goddess, whom the Greeks had identified with their Aphrodite : 
 Strab. vi. p. 418. — 877. Cur igitur, etc. He attempts to answer the 
 question, why, if this day is really sacred to Venus, it is called 
 Vinalia, and is sacred to Jupiter. The following legend would seem 
 to refer properly to the autumnal Vinalia, and we do not think the 
 place of Varro, L. L. vi. 16. opposed to it, while Festus [v. Rust. 
 Vin.) expressly asserts that it did refer to it. It would seem to 
 follow from Varro (/. c), and from Masurius (ap. Macrob. i. 4), that 
 it was only in the Vinalia Rustica that Venus was joined with 
 Jupiter. — adorat, supplicates, prays to. — vel equo, etc., whether on 
 horseback or on foot. — 885. non parvo, sc. prctio. — laeuhus, the 
 pans, vessels for receiving the juice of the grapes : see Virg. Terms 
 of Husb., V. Lacus. — 893. Hostica, an old form, i. q. hostilis : comp. 
 Hor. Sat. i. 9, 31. — autumnus. We need not suppose a personifica- 
 tion in this place. — Dicta, etc. It would seem from this also, that 
 it was the Rustica Vinalia that were in his mind. 
 
 901-904. These four verses are a tissue of errors. The vernal 
 
BOOK IV. 843-942. 195 
 
 equinox, or middle of spring, is in March (iii. 877), not in April ; and 
 the evening-setting of Aries was on the same day with it, as Ideler 
 has shown ; and finally, Canis sets, not rises, on iv. Kal. Maias, Plin. 
 xviii. 29, or Pr. Kal. Colum. xi. 2. It is the opinion of Merkel 
 (p. Ixxiv.) that these verses were originally in L. iii. in their proper 
 place, whence they were moved, and vv. 877, 878 substituted for 
 them. This he thinks was done after the poet's death, at which 
 time exoriturque Canis was added by the ignorant person who made 
 the change. — Signa, etc. This may either be, the rains give signs, 
 i. e. show themselves ; or, as Taubner understood it, the constella- 
 tions give rain. 
 
 905-942. The Robigalia. — Nomento. This town {La Mentana) 
 was in the Sabine country, twelve miles from Rome. The Via No- 
 mentana ran from the Colline gate, and crossed the Anio at the 
 Mons Sacer, just as the present road does. — Candida pompa, i. e. a 
 procession of persons in white togae. — Flamen, sc. Quirinalis. — anti- 
 quae, etc. There is considerable difficulty here. Ovid plainly says, 
 that he was coming to Rome, and, of course, along the Nomentan 
 road, while in Fast. Praen. we read Feriae. Robigo. Via. Claudia. 
 AD. MiLLiARiUM. V., and in Festus, Catularia porte i2o??ia<? fi'irfa; c^^, 
 quia non longe ab ea ad placandum Caniculae sidus frugibus inimicuiu 
 rufae canes immolebantur . The latter difficulty may be removed by 
 supposing with Nardini, that Ovid, instead of coming in by the 
 Colline gate, had turned to the right, to take a shorter way to his 
 own house, which was near the Capitol (Tr. i. 3, 30) ; but the former 
 has baffled all efforts, as the Via Claudia lay on the other side of the 
 Tiber. Possibl}^ however, the same ceremony may have been per- 
 formed at different places on the same day. Verrius, we may ob- 
 serve, speaks of a god Robigus, Ovid of a goddess Robigo, in which 
 he is followed by Columella (x. 342) and Lactantius alone. — 
 911. Robigo, epvffifir}, fiiXroe, mildew, i. e. meal-dew (mekltkau, 
 Germ.). He terms it asjiera, because it makes the surface of the 
 stalks rough. — adusta gelu : comp. Virg. Geor. i. 93. — 933. villis, 
 etc., i. e. a towel with the nap on it, as opposed to the finer kind, 
 tonsis villis : see Virg. Geor. iv. 377. — obscaenae, of ill omen ; a usual 
 epithet of dogs. — Est canis, etc. The Canicula was said to have 
 been Maera, the dog of Erigone, the daughter of Icarus, who was 
 killed by his workmen, who thought he had poisoned them with the 
 wine which Bacchus had given him. Erigone, having found his 
 body by means of her dog, put an end to her life, and Bacchus 
 placed them all three in the skies. — praecipitur, sc. aestu, is taken 
 away : comp. Virg, Buc. iii. 98. — 942. Et quare, etc. This is the 
 K 2 
 
196 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 simple cause of many a practice, in which the mystics find such deep 
 meanings. 
 
 943-954. The Floralia. Removal of Vesta to the house of Au- 
 gustus. — Tithonia, i. e. Aurora, who was married to Tithonus. Two 
 MSS, read Titania.—fratre, i. e. Tithonus. Frater would seem to 
 be used here in the sense of kinsman, for Tithonus was grand- 
 nephew to Assaracus. — dea, i. e. Flora. — Scena, etc. : see on v. 33 1 . 
 — 949. Aufert Vesta, etc. When Augustus became Pontifex Maxi- 
 mus, as it was requisite that that minister of religion should reside 
 near the temple of Vesta, and he did not wish to leave his house on 
 the Palatine, he consecrated a portion of it to Vesta, and he gave 
 the Vestals the Regia, to enlarge their dwelling. There thus were, 
 at least in his time, two temples of Vesta at Rome. — cognato : see 
 iii. 425. — sic, etc. There was a senatus-consult made for the removal. 
 — Phoebus, etc. Another portion of the house of Augustus was de- 
 voted to the temple of Apollo, with its library : see Met. i. 562 ; 
 XV. 864 ; Prop. ii. 23 ; Suet. Oct. 29.— State, etc. : see on i. 614. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 Origins of the name of May, I-IIO. Rising of Capella, 111-128. 
 Altars to the Praestites Lares, 129-146. Temple of Bona Dea, 
 147-158. Rising of the Hyades, 159-182. Floralia, 183-378. Rising 
 of Centaur, 379-414. Rising of Lyra and Scorpio, 415-418. Le- 
 muria, 419-492. Setting of Orion, 493-544. Temple of Mars Ultor, 
 545-598. Rising of Pleiades, and beginning of summer, 599-602. 
 Rising of Taurus, 603-620. Throwing the Argei into the Tiber, 
 621-662. Festival of Mercury, 663-692. Passage of Sun into Ge- 
 mini, 693-720. Agonalia; rising of Canis, 721-724. Tubilustria, 
 725-728. Temple of Fortuna Publica dedicated, 729-732. Bootes 
 sets, Hyades rise, 733, 734, 
 
 1-110. Origins of the name of May. 
 
 1-10. Introduction. — Quaeritis, sc. si: comp. i. 219 ; ii. 57, 284 ; 
 iii. 765 ; iv. 878 ; Met. ii. 512; Rem. Am. 161, 487. In all these 
 places we think it better to suppose an ellipse than to make them 
 interrogative ; yet in reading them, the tone should be slightly so. 
 — liquido, sc. modo, clearly. — ex omni parte, on every side. — iter, i. e. 
 
BOOK V. 1-74. 197 
 
 via, a way, a road.— /erar, mid. voice. — quae fontes, etc., i. e. Musae. 
 — Aganijipidos. An adj. like Ausonis, Maenalis. It would seem 
 from Pausanias (ix. 29, 3 ; 31, 3) that Aganippe and Hippocrene 
 were two distinct springs on Mt. Helicon, and Ovid himself 
 would also appear to distinguish them : Fonte Medusaeo et Hy- 
 antea Aganippe ; Met. v. 312, where the former is evidently Hip- 
 pocrene, which was produced by the hoof of Pegasus. — Grata, sc. 
 vobis. 
 
 1 1-52. First origin ; from Majostas. — ut primiim, etc. : comp. i. 
 103 ; Met. i. 5 ; xv. 239. He here speaks of only three elements, 
 earth, water, air. — 20. plebe, sc. deorum, i. e. the inferior deities : 
 comp. Met. i. 173. — Et latus, etc., i. e. placed himself on the same 
 sofa with him, as they lay at meals. — Et Tethys. Merkel, following 
 a very few MSS., reads Et Themis. — Corpora, etc., i. e. married, not 
 lay at meals, as Lenz understood it.— 25. Majestas. By this term the 
 Romans seem originally to have meant the dignity and power of 
 the Populus Romanus, as distinguished from the Auctoritas of the 
 senate. It then was applied to the dignity of magistrates and 
 others, and finally was appropriated by the emperors. This birth 
 of Majesty seems to be a fiction of the poet's own ; the original 
 companion of Honos at Rome was Virtus. — Quaqiie die, etc. She 
 came forth full-grown, like Minerva, to indicate her immediate power 
 and influence. — sinu, i. e. toga. Part for whole. — Pudor, etc. Per- 
 haps the Ai'^we Kai 'Ssfxeirig of Hesiod, "Epy. 200. — 31. suspectus, 
 looking up to, reverential regard, respect. — Jiecsibi, etc., i. e. docs not 
 do as he pleased. — Terra, sc. turn. — honore pio, dutiful respect and 
 obedience from their children. — Ilia comes, etc., i. e. gives the 
 respect yielded to their modesty and purity. — coronatis, etc., i. e. 
 attends the general in his triumph, 
 
 53-78. Second origin ; from Majores. — scita, skilled. The use of 
 this part, past in an active sense is remarkable ; it seems to be done 
 on the principle applied to those of deponents. — Martis opus, etc. 
 liaXaioQ alvoQ' spya jiiv Viwrkpoiv, BovXat S' 'ixovei TtSv yepatrt- 
 pwv Kparoc, Eur, fr, Melanip. 17. — 60. Et pro dis, etc., i.e. pro 
 oris et focis. — Nomen, etc. Senatus, a sene : see Cic. Cat. 6. — 
 65. finitaque, etc. This was always the case at Rome, In A. U, 
 574, by the Lex Villia Annalis, the age for a quaestor was fixed at 
 31, for an aedile 37, a praetor 40, and a consul 43 years. — interior, 
 on the inside, next the wall : see Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 1 7. — 70, censuram, sc. 
 nam, the right of reprimanding. — Patres. The name of the Roman 
 senators : see Liv. i. 8 ; Sail. Cat. 6. — sua vocabiila, their own names. 
 — majores, sc. 7iatu.—74:. Tangor, sc. argumento, I am led to believe, 
 
 k3 
 
198 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 — 76. sustinuisse, to have been able to refuse him : comp. Met. xiv. 
 788. Senatus qiierentes eos non sustinuit, Li v. xxxi. 13. — pignus, 
 pledge, voucher, proof. 
 
 79-110. Third origin ; from the Pleias Maia. — sui chori, i. e. of a 
 third of the Muses : see v. 53. — Qici terram, etc. For the circum- 
 ambient river of Ocean, see Mythol. p. 36. — 89. Arcades, etc. : see 
 i. 469. The Ladon is a river, Maenalon a mountain, of Arcadia. — 
 Exul, etc. : see i. ut sup. — impositos, sc. navi suae. — arbo7\ trees ; a 
 collective term. Casa is the same. — 101. Semica2)er, etc. : see ii. 
 267.^ — cinclutis, wearing the cinctus instead of a tunic : see Hor. 
 A. P. 30 ; Hist, of Rome, p. 89, sixth edit. — celebres, crowded. — apte, 
 suited to, as he himself had stolen Apollo's kine, etc. : comp. Hor. 
 Carm. i. lO.—Jidis, i. e. li/rae, v. 106. Prose-writers always use this 
 noun in the plural. — pietas, act of duty. — turbae, etc., i. e. each 
 opinion was maintained by three Muses. A far more probable 
 origin than any of the three is the following : Cincius mensevi numi- 
 natam puLat a Maia, quam Vulcani dicit iixore^n, argumentoque utitur 
 quodflamen Vulcanalis Kal. Mails h uic deae rem dmnamfacit, Macrob. 
 i. 12. Affirmant quidavi, quibiis Cornelius Labeo consentit, hanc Maiam 
 . . . terram esse .... Auctor est Cornelius Labeo, huic Maiae aedem Kal. 
 Mails dedicatam sub nomine Bonae Dene, et eandem esse Bonam Deam 
 et terram, etc., Id. ib. Maia seems to have been the female of the 
 god Maius, who, as Macrobius tells us (/. c), was held to be Jupiter 
 by the Tusculans, but who was probably a telluric power, like 
 Saturn and others. 
 
 1 1 1-128. Evening-rising of Capella. — Prima node, sc. mensis ; or, 
 in the beginning of the night. — officiosa, sedulous, actively engaged. 
 — Nascitur, i. e. ontur : see on Virg. Buc. viii. 17. — Oleniae Capellae. 
 The sign of the goat with her two kids is on the arm of Auriga : 
 Arat. 162, seq. ; Serv. Aen. ix. 668. Hence, some derived the 
 name Olenia from uikkvr}. Others, however, deduced it from 'QXivq 
 in Achaia, near Aegium, at which Jupiter was reared by a goat 
 (atyt) : Strab. viii. p. 593. — pluviale. Et ortus et occasus gravissimas 
 tenq^estates faciunt, Serv. ut sup. — 113. Nais, i. e. N'^mjjka. — Amal- 
 tJiea, etc. This legend is told also by Eratosthenes, Cat. 13. — aeriis, 
 lofty, tall, rising into the air : see on Virg. Buc. i. 38. — Sidera nu-- 
 tricem, etc. He made the goat herself a constellation, and caused 
 her horn, named from her mistress, to be always full of fruits. 
 
 129-146. Altar raised to the Lares Praestites .- see Excursus 
 on ii. 333. — Ara erat, etc. This is the reading of all the best MSS. ; 
 another, which, though of slight authority, has been generally 
 adopted, is Vovei^at ilia qicidem Curius. Merkel gives in the text. 
 
BOOK V. 76-162. 199 
 
 from one inferior MS. Vota erat ilia quidem Curibus, while in his 
 Prolegomena (p. cxxii.) he conjectures Cura for Ara. There is no 
 account of any member of the Curian gens having vowed an altar 
 to the Lares Praestites, though such may have been the case, while 
 Varro (L. L. v. 74) reckons the Lares among those to whom Tatius 
 raised altars. — saxo, sc. etiam. — 134. praestant, render, make. — 
 stabat, sc. olim. — Compita, etc. Coinjjitalia, dies attributus Laribus 
 Compitalibus ; ideo ubi viae comjietimt, turn in comjntis sacrificatur. 
 Varro, L. L. vi. 25. — 143. Bina, etc. In his usual manner he takes 
 occasion to compliment Augustus. I was looking, he says, for the 
 two ancient statues of the Lares, which was all that used to be in 
 the city, and I found a thousand (def. for indef.). Pliny saj^s (iii. 9) 
 that there were 263 of these Compita Larium at Rome, which gives 
 nearly 800 images, the Genius of Augustus forming a third : comp. 
 Hor. Carm. iv. 5, 34. — qui tradidit, sc. compitis : see Suet. Oct. 31. 
 
 147-158. Dedication of temple of Bona Dea. This goddess, 
 the same as Maia (see on v. 108), was probably the earth, Tellus ; 
 the same victim, a pregnant sow, being the offering to both : Hor. 
 Ep. ii. 1, 143 ; Fest. v. Damium : see Mythol. p. 525. — Augustus, 
 etc. Because the emperor was born in that month. — loco, to its 
 place. — 150. Saxum, sc. sacrum. Pseud. Cic. pro Dom. 53. It was 
 probably on the south-east side of the Aventine, opposite the heights 
 of S. Sabba and Sta Balbina : see Becker, Handbuch, etc., i. 
 p. 455. — montis, sc. Aventini.— institerat, had stood on. — oculos, etc. : 
 as is well known, no man was admitted to the temple or festival 
 of Bona Dea. — Leniter, etc. The temple stood on the declivity 
 under the Saxum. — 155. Dedicat : comp. vi. 637 ; see our Horace, 
 Excursus I. It was dedicated by a Vestal of the Claudian gens, 
 but her name and the year are alike unknown. — Livia, i. e. the wife 
 of Augustus ; comp. i. 649. 
 
 159-182. Rising' of the Hyades. Ovid commits an error here, 
 for, as Clodius and Pliny (xviii. 66) rightly state, they rise in the 
 morning.— Hyp)erionis. Aurora, one of the children of Hyperion 
 and Thea : Mythol. p. 62. — Frigidus, cool. — Argestes, ' Apytarrjg, 
 i. e. Caurus, the north-west wind. — mulcebit, will gently wave. — 
 162. a Capreis, i. e. from the isle of Capreae, in the bay of Naples. 
 We may, perhaps, take aquis as a dat., for there is no adj. Capreus. 
 The ships bound for Egypt probably sailed from Puteoli, in that 
 bay, at this time of the year : see Stat. Silv. iii. 2. By looking in 
 the map it will be seen that as soon as they had passed Capreae, 
 they were in the open sea, and that the north-west wind would carry 
 them direct to the strait of Messina. Two very inferior MSS. 
 K 4 
 
200 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 read a Ca/aim, which the editors in general have adopted. — 166. ah 
 iinbre, i. e. and tov veiv. The more probable derivation is from vs, 
 sus : their Latin name is Suculae : see Mythol. p. 464. — 168. neptes. 
 As their mother was an Oceanis, v. 171. — Atlas. He is married to 
 Aethra, v. 180. — 178. foi-juidine. For i\\G formido, or cord with 
 feathers on it, see on Virg. Geor. iii. 372. — virtus, a^irrj, strength 
 and courage. — -pietate, their sisterly affection and grief. — ilia, i. e. 
 pielas. — dedit, sc. eis. They were made a constellation. This legend 
 is also in Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii 13. 
 
 183-378. The Floralia. This festival, which began iv. Kal. Maias 
 (iv. 945), lasted six days. 
 
 183-194. Address to Flora. — Mater, i. e. Dea : see on iv. 423. 
 — ludis jocosis : see on v. 331. — Circus, sc. Maximiis,\.e. ludi Cir- 
 censes, with which the Floralia, like the Megalesia and Cerealia, 
 terminated. The Circus Florae, on the Quirinal, in the present 
 Piazza Barberini, is a dream of the antiquaries : see Becker, Hand- 
 bueh, i. p. 673. — palma, reward, applause : see Tr. ii. 306. Not 
 victory, for there was no contest. — eat, sc. in liunc mensem. 
 
 195-274. Name and office of the goddess. — Chloris, XXwpig. 
 This, though a proper name, is not the name of any goddess in 
 Greek. But as it resembles Flora in sound, and is a word of the 
 same origin, it gave the Romans an opportunity of devising a Greek 
 extraction for their ancient goddess of florition. Flora was one of 
 the deities to whom Tatius erected altars (Varro, L. L. v. 74), and 
 was consequently an ancient Roman deity. — Camjn Felicis. This 
 is evidently a proper name, the 'RXvaiov HtSiov of Homer, Od. iv. 
 5G4, the Ma/capwi/ Nijo-ot of Hesiod, "Eoy. 170, the happy land that 
 was conceived to lie at the western extremity of the earth : see 
 Mythol. pp. 35, 93, and which was regarded as the abode of the 
 Heroes. Hes. itt sup. — remfuisse, i. e. their abode. This is a very 
 unusual sense of the phrase. — ante, i. e. olim. It should be joined 
 \v\ihfuisse. — 204. Erechthea praemia, i. e. Orithyia, the daughter of 
 Erechtheus, king of Attica : see Met. vi. 677 ; Mythol. p. 383. — 
 noviina, i. e. nomen. We have before observed the fondness of our 
 poet for using the plural of nouns. — querela. Douza observes that 
 vixerunt sine querela was a common formula in epitaphs. — sewper, sc. 
 illic. — arbor; a collective, as are the following, ^^ore-, ^om. — 2)1. 
 generoso,i.e. of the noble, fine kind : comp. Met. xiii. 818; Virg. 
 Geor. iii. 75. — digestos, set in regular order : see Virg. Geor. ii. 54. 
 — 217. pictis, embroidered. — i^icinctae, tightly girded. The in is in- 
 tensive, asininfractus. — Horae,ihe Seasons. — Charites, the Graces. — 
 tellus, sc. nam. — Therapnaeo, i.e. of Hyacinthus, who was a native of 
 
BOOK V. 166-293. 201 
 
 Laconia, in which was the town of Therapnae. — querela, i. e. al a'L — 
 alter, etc., i.e. that he and his shadow were not different persons : see 
 Met. iii. 407, seq. — 227. Crocon, etc. For the change of Crocus, see 
 Met. iv. 283 ; Attis (see iv. 223) was changed by Cybele into a 
 pine. Met. x. 103, Adonis, the son of Cinyras, became an anemone, 
 ib. 728. — Mars, etc. This legend is no where else to be found. 
 Festus, when giving the etymon of Gradivus, says, Vel, ut alii dicunt, 
 quia gravii7ie sit natus ; but he may have taken it from Ovid. — 
 233. Ibat, etc. ; see Hom. II. xiv, 301 ; Met. ii. 509. This proves 
 that the Campus Felix was in the West, as the dwelling of Oceanus 
 was in that part. — 245. Vox, etc., i. e. she was still speaking : comp. 
 vi. 362 ; Met. xiii. 508; Am. i. 8, 109 ; Rem. Am. 119, 430 ; Her. 
 V. 121 ; vi. 39. — celahitur aiictor : see Hor. Sat. ii. 4, 11. — 251. 
 Oleniis. Olene, as we have seen {v. 113), was a town of Achaia ; 
 we know not why this wonderful flower was made to grow there. — 
 Thracem, etc. Thrace and the regions on the north or left of the 
 Propontis were consecrated by the poets to Mars, on account of the 
 warlike character of the people. — 261. coronis, i. e. flowers of which 
 garlands were made. — Jiitidissimus, sc. oleis erit. He perhaps alludes 
 to the nitor of oil. — Poma, etc., i. e. the fruit-trees also are affected 
 by this season, tlie spring. — viciae, etc., different kinds of pulse : 
 see Flor. Virg. s. vv. — 269. llna quoqiie, etc. The word Jlos was 
 used, figuratively, of the light scum on the surface of new wine. 
 Flos vini candidus probatur ; rubens triste signum est, si non is vini color 
 sit. Plin. xiv. 21. — N'os quoque, etc. Another figurative use of 
 Jlos, \\\e flower of youth. 
 
 275-292. Origin of the Floral games. — luxuriae instriimenta. 
 Docta psallere, saltare, et multa alia, quae instrumenta luxuriae 
 sunt. Sail. Cat. 25. — Hhic etiam, etc. Hinc et locupletes dicebant 
 loci, hoc est, agri, plenos. Pecunia ipsa a pecore appellabatur. 
 Plin. xviii. 3. — 283. populi saltus, i. e. the public pastures for the 
 feeding of cattle, on which so much a head should have been paid. 
 For the public land, see Hist, of Rome, p. 69. — depascere (sc. im- 
 pune), to eat down, without paying any thing. — Jamque, etc. He 
 was considered a man of no spirit who was content with his 
 own land. — 288. Publicios. L. and M. Publicii Malleoli were 
 Plebeian Aediles, A. U. 513. — animus, etc. This is not quite 
 correct, for persons had been fined on this account, A. U. 457 
 and 562 : Liv. x. 23, 47. — Multa, etc. Beside instituting Floral 
 games, they built a temple to Flora at the Circus. Tac. Ann. ii. 49. — 
 293. Parte locant, etc. The Clivus Publicius, or carriage-road up the 
 Aventine, ascended the river-front, near the Porta Trigemina. It 
 K 5 
 
202 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Still remains. — locant. All public works were executed at Rome by 
 contract. 
 
 295-330. Occasion of the games being- made annual. — iniquos (sc. 
 sihi), hostile. — 300. blanda, soothing, so'Acning.—Tliesiiaden, Mele- 
 ager, so named from Thestias, his mother's father : see Met. viii. 
 260, seq. — Tantaliden. Agamemnon, as descended from Tantalus, 
 the father of Pelops. — 307. tenebat, sc. Aulide. — Virgo. From 
 whom, therefore, more mildness might have been expected. — Hip- 
 polute : see iii. 265. — Dionen, Venus, whom the Latin poets called 
 by her mother's name. — oblivia, instances of neglect arising from 
 forgetful ness. — praeteriere, by neglecting to perform the Floral 
 games. — notae, of the insult.— /«iY, sc. Patribus. — Consid, etc. In 
 the consulate of L. Postumius Albinus and M. Popilius Laenas, 
 A U. 579, the Floral games were made annual. 
 
 331-378. Various questions relating to the Floralia. — quare . . . 
 jocus, sc. quam in aliis. The greatest licentiousness prevailed at the 
 games ; the mimae appeared naked on the stage, and the most lasci- 
 vious language and gestures were employed : see Arnob. iii. p. 113 ; 
 vii. p. 238 ; Lact. i. 20, 6. The story of Cato is well-known, whose 
 presence restrained the people from calling on the mimae to strip, 
 ond who then retired, not to balk them of their amusement : Val. Max. 
 ii. 10. There was a tasteless legend that Flora had been a mere- 
 irix, who left her wealth to the Roman people on condition of their 
 celebrating games in her honour, and that the Senate pretended 
 that she was the goddess of flowers : see Plut. Q. R. 35. — munera, 
 i. ^.. flares. — sutilibus coronis, garlands made by sewing the petals of 
 the rose on strips o^philyra : see Becker, Gall us, p. 390. — Etlatet, etc. 
 It was customary at banquets to shower roses down on the table from 
 the ceiling. — Ebnus, etc. The Romans regarded dancing as so in- 
 decorous, that no one ever danced unless when drunk : see Nep. 
 Epam. 1. — incinctis : see on v. 217. — philyra, the bast or inner bark 
 of the lime-tree. — imprudens, not well knowing what he is about. — 
 arte meri, i. e. dancing ; see on v. 337. — ad durum, etc. At lacru- 
 mans exchhms aviator limina saepe Floribiis et sertis operit, postesque 
 superbos Unguit amaricino, Lucr. iv. 1 1 73. — 340. unctae, sc. nardo. 
 — vinctis, i. e. iis qui vinciuntur. — Aclieloe, i. e. water : comp. Virg. 
 Geor. i. 9. — Gratia, pleasure. — Ex Ariadnaeo, etc. ; see iii. 513. — 
 347. Scena levis, the light, sportive, wanton theatre. — cothurnatas, 
 tragic, grave, lit. wearing the cothurnae, as on the tragic stage. — 
 celebret, frequent. — tetricis (from teter), rugged, severe, serious. 
 Tetricus domitor Chimaerae (Bellerophon), Tr. ii. 397. Tetiica et 
 tristis Sabinorum discipliiia, Li v. i. 18. — magna professis : comp. Hor. 
 
BOOK V. 295-432. 203 
 
 A. P. 14. — Contemni, sc. et monet. — 355. ut dantur, etc.: see iv. 
 619. — cullu, dress: comp. iv. 309. — Accidere, etc.: see v. 336. — 
 364. Lumina, etc. The only other mention of this custom that we 
 meet with is in Dion Cassias, Iviii. 19, where, however, it is only- 
 said that light was given to those who were going out of the theatre 
 at the Floralia. But this infers that it was night, so that the inte- 
 rior of the theatre must have been lighted: comp. «;. 367. — 371. 
 2)ro Libycis, etc. At the usual venationes, as they were named, in 
 the Circus the animals hunted were lions, panthers, and such like, 
 obtained from Africa or Asia : but at the Floralia the animals were 
 roes or hares, which Martial therefore (viii, 66, 4) styles Floralicias 
 /eras. — rete, abl. of retis. This net appears to have been for the pro- 
 tection of the spectators. — cessisse, sc. in dominium. — tenues, etc. : 
 comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 791 ; ix. 657. 
 
 379-414. Evening-rising of the Centaur. — minus qiiarta, i.e. 
 tertia, sc. mensis : comp. Ex Pont. iv. 5, 7. — Chiron, the offspring of 
 Kronos, by the nymph Philyra : see Mythol. p. 69.—^ava, i. e. yel- 
 low, i. e. bay. — Haevioniae, i. e. Thessaliae.—justumsencm. SiKaiSraTot: 
 Kevravpujv, Il.xi.832. — manus, SC. Ackillit. — 389. duo fata. Hercules 
 took Troy, and Achilles was the chief cause of its being taken and 
 destroyed. — venenis, i. e. the blood of the Hydra, v. 405. — Bis 
 sej)tem, etc., i. e. he was raised to the skies, and made a constellation, 
 in which were fourteen stars : see Eratosth. Cat. 40. 
 
 415, 416. Morning-rising of Lyra. 'H Xv^ia eujdev aviaxti, Clodius. 
 
 417, 418. Morning-rising of Scorpio. " If," says Ideler (p. 160), 
 " we regard Antares as the middle of the Scorpion, the 6th of 
 May lies half-way between the days of his true and his apparent 
 rising for Rome ;" and Clodius says on iv. Non. 6 OKOQirioQ ewOev 
 dviffxii- Columella commits a mistake when he says (xi. 2), Prid. 
 Non. Maias Nepa medius occidet. — cum cj-as, etc., when we say, 
 To-morrow will be the nones. 
 
 419-492. The Lemuria : see Excursus on ii. 533. 
 
 419-444. Mode of laying disturbed spirits. — veteris sacri, an an- 
 cient sacred practice. — tacitis. As ghosts are always silent. — Annus, 
 etc., i. e. when the year had only ten months : see i. 27. — 425. 
 dneri, sc. majorum. — sua, suited, appropriate. — Com-positi, buried, 
 entombed. — nepos. It was not restricted to grandsons ; it is only 
 a particular for a general. — -piabat, made offerings at. — partem. It 
 would seem to have been the poet's opinion that the Parentalia 
 and the Lemuria were in old times celebrated together. — praebet, 
 sc. nox. — 430. Et canis, etc. : see on iv. 490. — Ilk (indef.), one who 
 is. — 432. vinculo, sc. pedum, i. e. calceos. It was usual to bare the 
 K 6 
 
204 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 feet on occasions like this : comp. Met. vii. 182 ; Virg. Aen. iv. 
 518; Hor. Sat. i. 8, 23. — Signa, etc. We would explain these 
 words thus : He locked the fingers of his two hands together, which 
 brought his thumbs into the middle, and then, by opening and closing 
 smartly from the wrists, made a loud sound. Neapolis explains it 
 thus : " Est crepitus ille, qui fit nostro aevo in quavis saltatione, sive 
 comica sive rustica, digito scilicet medio adeo presse juncto cum 
 pollice, ut lapsus in palmam strepitum edat." This is what we call 
 snapping the fingers. — tacito,\. e. if he should be silent. — 436. Verlitur. 
 mid. voice. — 07'e. Nearly all the MSS. read ante ; but comp. ii. 576. 
 — Aversus, etc., i. e. he throws them behind his back, without turn- 
 ing round : comp. Virg. Buc. viii. 101. — His, etc., sc. a te, i. e. that 
 you may no longer haunt the house. Quibus temporibus in sacris 
 fabani jactant noctu ac dicunt se Lemures domo extra januam ejicere. 
 Varro ap. Non. v. Lemures. Dacier (on Festus v. fabam) tells us 
 that in his time the children in Gascony used to scatter beans and 
 other pulse about their bedrooms in order to keep away the ghosts. — 
 Kovies. Uneven numbers were thought to have great efficacy : 
 comp. Met. xiii. 951. — 440. CoUigere, etc. : comp. Burns' Halloween, 
 St. xvi-xx. — Temesaea. This is merely what is called an epitheton 
 ornans : see on Virg. Buc. i. 55. Temesa or Tempsa, in Bruttium, 
 was celebrated for copper in the Homeric ago. Od. i. 184. See, 
 however, Mythol. p. 258. — concrepat, etc. Kuwv (3av^ag Xvei 
 TO. ^OLfffiara, iog Kcii x^^koc K()orj]9sig, Sophron. '0 tov %aX/co{) rjxoe 
 oiKtiog rolg Karoixofisvoig, Schol. Theocr. ii. 36. " Observa ilia et 
 respice ad hodiernum modum." Neapolis. He was a Sicilian. — 
 Manes jmterni. The ghost was, therefore, thought to be that of his 
 father, or some other of his ancestors. 
 
 445-492, Origin of the Lemuria. — Pleiade nate, i. e. Mercury, the 
 son of Jupiter and Maia. — Saepe, sc. nam. — 452. male velod, active 
 to his misfortune : see iv. 841, ^e^. — Utqueerat,^c. iis,&.s, they were. 
 — Umbra, etc. comp. Hom. II. xxiii. 65. — 471. aequalis, &c.meae. — 
 — qua positis, etc.: see on v. 428. — positis, i. q. compositis. — 483. 
 Lemures, etc. Lemures, wicrepivoi Saijxoveg, Vet. Glossa. — ferali 
 teynpore, i. e. on the Feralia ; see ii. 569 : or perhaps at the time of 
 the Lemuria. — Mense malas, etc. Burmann tells us that A. Tas- 
 soni, in his Pensieri Diversi (viii. 2), treats largely of this super- 
 stition, which still prevailed at Ferrara in his time. We have 
 never been able to meet with that work, but we believe that this 
 notion still prevails, for we recollect hearing something of the kind 
 at Florence. — Sed tamen, etc., i. e. the three days of the Lemuria 
 are not continuous. By looking at the Kalendar it will be seen 
 that they are vii. v. in. Id. — sub, sc. quanquam. 
 
BOOK V. 433-581. 205 
 
 493-344. Setting of Orion. History of his birth. — Quorum, sc. 
 fastorum, v. 491. — mediis, i. q. medio, i. e. v. Id. Orion therefore set 
 the day before. — quo versa, etc. : see on Virg. Buc. ii. 66. — pror 
 viissis, offers. — 506. Ignis, etc. This process must be familiar to any 
 one who has lived in a country where wood or peat is the fuel. — 
 faces, fire-wood. — calices, pipkins, as it would appear, in which the 
 vegetables were dressed, as is still done in the South, though this is 
 an unusual sense ofca/ix. — hide, oi them : comp. iv. 171. — testu sua, 
 its Y\A.—Diimque, etc., i.e. while they were waiting for the meat to be 
 dressed. — 517. ^jz^er, a young man : see on Hor. Sat. ii. 2,87. — diffu- 
 derat, had racked off : see on Hor. Ep.i. 5, ^.—fumoso cado. Because 
 the jars, into which the wine was racked off, were placed where 
 the smoke would have access to them, as it was thought to ripen 
 the wine : see Colum. i. 6. — 526. quaerilis : comp. v. 1 . — 529. enim, 
 i. e. enimvero. — Scorpioji, sc. igitur. — 542. ferre, i. q. inferre. — deae,a 
 dat. 
 
 545-598. Dedication of the temple of Mars Ultor in the Forum 
 of Augustus, A. U. 752 : see Dion, liv. 8 ; Suet. Oct. 29. — mundo, 
 from the skies. — Candida, etc. : comp. Virg. Buc. viii. 17. — Fallor, 
 etc. Milton has a beautiful imitation of this turn; Comus, 221. — 
 bellica signa, the clash of arms, which he feigns to have been made 
 by the god. — 555. Giganteis tropaeis, i.e. those gained by Mars in 
 the giant-war. Perhaps there was a representation of this on the 
 pediment of the temple. — Hinc, etc. Sanxit ut de bellis triumphisque 
 hie consuleretur senatus, quique victores redissent, hue insignia trium- 
 j)horum inferrent. Suet, ut suj). — Seu quis, etc. : comp, Vii-g. Aen. vii. 
 604. It is the Parthians and Germans that he has in view. — 560. 
 Et probat, etc. Ornant signis fictilibtis aid aereis inauratis fastigia 
 aedium, Vitruv. iii. 3, 5. It is not known of what gods these were the 
 statues. — inforibus, at the doors, in the vestibule, where they were 
 piled or suspended. — diversae, of strange, foreign. — Hinc videt, etc. 
 In the front of the temple were statues of Mars and Venus (Tr. ii. 
 396), and in the portico next the latter were the statues of Aeneas 
 and the great men of the Ja\iange7is ; in that next the former, those 
 of Romulus and other distinguished men of Rome. At the base of 
 each statue were inscribed the name and deeds of him whom it re- 
 presented, z>. 566. — 565. Iliadem, etc., i.e. Romulus, the son of Ilia, 
 bearing the spolia opima, Liv. i. 10. — Spectat, etc. The name of 
 the founder was always inscribed on the frieze. That of Agrippa 
 niay still be seen on the Pantheon. — Voverat, etc., i. e. at the battle 
 of Philippi. — 573. Si mihi, etc. : see iii. 699. — et satia, etc. A'tfuan 
 auai 'Aprfa ToXavpivov tto\(jxi<jti]v, Hom. II. v. 289. — 581. tuta,\,e. 
 
206 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 tiiita, defended. — 583. Addiderant, etc. : see Hist, of Rome, p. 407. — 
 jwrrigis arcus : see on i. 646. — SoUemnes, etc. On this occasion they 
 were Circensian games, not stage-plays, that were celebrated. 
 
 599-602. Evening-rising of the Pleiades. According to Ideler 
 (p. 152) this did not take place till two days later. — que, even. — 
 Tjim, i. e. at the rising of the Pleiades, not on that exact day. 
 
 603-620. Evening-rising of the head of Taurus. — 2^™'''^ ^^- ^^^' 
 — kuic signo, etc. : see on iv. 717. — Ilia jiibam, etc. This descrip- 
 tion would seem to have been taken from a painting : comp. Mosch. 
 ii. 122. — priide7is, on purpose. — Phariam juvencain, lo. 
 
 621-662. Throwing of the Argei from the Sublician bridge : see 
 Excursus V. — -jyTiscorum virorum : see v. 659. — Virgo, sc. Vestalis ; 
 a collective. — roboreo ponte, the wooden (i. e. Sublician) bridge, 
 leading from Rome to the fort on the Janiculum. It is usually sup- 
 posed that it lay outside of the Porta Trigemina, and opposite the 
 Aventine ; but Becker (i. 692, seg.') has shown that opinion to be 
 erroneous. It was more probably opposite the Palatine and the 
 Forum Boarium. This bridge, "which derived its name from the 
 wooden piles (sublicae, sublices) on which it was built, was con- 
 structed entirely of timber, no iron being employed in it ; its erec- 
 tion is ascribed to Ancus Marcius. Kai ti)v ^vXivriv ys<pvpav, r]v 
 dvtv %a\(co{) Kal (TiSfjpov 6i[xig vtt' avTtSv diaKparslaOca t<Sv S,vX(i>v, 
 iKclvog aTziOeTvai rep Ti/3lp£i XsysTai, Dionys. iii. 45. — corpora, etc. 
 One opinion respecting the origin of this custom, but which the 
 poet rejects, that at one time the Romans used to drown those who 
 were past sixty years of age. — 625. Faina vetus, etc. A second opi- 
 nion, that it commemorated the time when human sacrifices were 
 in use at Rome : see the Excursus.— /a^zWici del, probably Faunus. — 
 Falcifero seni, Saturn. — 633. Pars putat, etc. A third opinion; 
 that the young men, in order to keep the elections in their own 
 hands exclusively, used to drown the old men ! This absurd notion 
 (if any one held it in earnest) arose from the misunderstanding of 
 a common saying. As the voters in the tribes entered the Saepta 
 by what were called pontes, and men who had passed sixty years 
 were free from all public duties ; the younger men, at the time 
 when this mode of voting was introduced, cried out ut de ponte 
 dejicerentur sexagenarii, i. e. not be allowed to vote : see Festus v. 
 Sexagenarius. — 635. Tibri, etc. He calls on the god of the river 
 himself to solve the difficulty. We cannot help thinking that Gray, 
 when he wrote " Say, father Thames, for thou hast seen," etc. had 
 this place in his mind, though Mr. Mitford has pointed out an 
 English source whence that maker of beautiful poetic mosaics may 
 
BOOK V. 583-728. 207 
 
 have derived it. Johnson, who ridicules that apostrophe in Gray's 
 ode, seems to have forgotten that he had just such another in his 
 own Rasselas. — Haec loca, etc. A fourth opinion ; equally devoid of 
 probability. — dimovit, opened. — Pascebat, etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. 
 viii. 360. — 643. refertur, sc. in hoc opere. — Saepe tamen, etc. : comp. 
 Virg. Aen. x. 782. — 661. Hactenus, sc. locutus est. 
 
 663-692. Dedication of temple of Mercury, A. U. 2.39 : see Liv, 
 ii. 27. — Clare, etc. ; comp. Hor. Carm. i. 10. — Templa, etc. There 
 is no mention of this temple any where else. Angeloni, in his Vite 
 del Cesari, says that a temple was excavated between the Aventine 
 and the Circus, resembling that of Mercury on the coins of M. Aure- 
 lius. — qidcumque etc., i.e.viercatores. — 673. aqua Mercurn, This pool, 
 or well, is not mentioned any where else. — numen, a divine power. 
 — inciiictus : see on ii. 634. — -j^jz^nw, i.e. having previously purified 
 himself. — suffita, fumigated, probably with sulphur. — -ferat, sc. domum. 
 — Uda, etc. This he does of course at home.— 679. Spargit, etc. Pro- 
 bably while at the Aqua. — Non audituri, i. e. whom I did not wish to 
 hear. — 685. prudens, on purpose, knowing what I was about. — 688. 
 qua, i. e. aliqua, sc. jwrjuria. — verba dedisse, sc. j^^'o rebus, i e. to have 
 deceived, taken in. — Ortygias, i. e. of Apollo, who was born in 
 Ortygia. 
 
 693-720. Entrance of Sun into Gemini ; origin of that sign. — 
 precor, sc. te, Mercuri. — eat, proceed, advance. — 699. Abstulerant, 
 etc. : see Theocr. xxii. ; Find. Nem. x. ; Mythol. p. 431. — 714. 
 dextrae, a dat. — negant, sc. homines, i.e. it is not true. — 718. Dimi- 
 dium, etc. OvSk 'iaauiv ocr^ irKkov rjfjLiffv iravrSg, Hes. "Epy. 40. — 
 statione. The figure is taken from the mounting guard of the soldiers. 
 — soUicitae, i. e. in danger. 
 
 721,722. The Agonalia : see i. 317. The Fast. Venus, have 
 AG VEDJovi, not to Janus, as Ovid would lead us to suppose. 
 
 723,724. Evening-setting of Canicula. — diem,sc.hunc. — canis : 
 see on iv. 939. — exit, sc. a caelo, sets. Quarum agmina cogit Lucifer, et 
 caeli statione novissimus exit. Met. ii. 114. — Est alio, etc. He, of 
 course, intended to do so ; but the poem was never finished, and the 
 account, therefore, never given. 
 
 725, 726. Tubilustria : see on iii. 849. 
 
 727,728. In the Fasti, on the day following the Tubilustria (mrfe), 
 were the four letters, Q. R. C. F., which some explained Quando 
 rex comitiavit fas ; oiher?,, Quando rex comitio fugit. Quando rex 
 comitiavit fas, is dictus ab eo, quod eo die rex sacrificulus itat 
 ad comitium, ad quod tempus est nefas, ab eofas ; itaque post id tempus 
 kge actum saepe, Varro, L. L, vi. 31. "Eori yovv ng Iv dyop^ Qvaia 
 
208 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 Tcpog Tip XEyOjxkvif} KofirjTiq) TrarpioQ, 7]v Gvcrag 6 ^aaiKivg Kara 
 rdxe direKTi (pivytav 6? ayopag, Plut. Q. R. 63. The two accounts 
 are not by any means at variance. 
 
 729, 730. Dedication of temple of Fortuna Publica. In Kal. 
 Exquil. it is fortun. public pr. in coll,, and in Kal. Venus. 
 FORTUN. PRIM. IN COL., whencc it would appear that this is Fortuna 
 Primigenia, to whom Servius Tullius raised a temple on the Capitol; 
 Plut. de Fort. Rom. 10. It is not unlikely that, as Gesenius sup- 
 poses, Ovid may have taken the pr. in his Kalendar ior pop. Rom,, 
 and hence have used the populi potentis of the text. 
 
 731-734. On this same day Aquila sets in the evening. On the 
 following morning (vi. Kal.) Bootes will set, and thence to the end of 
 the month the Hyades, which rise completely on the 1st June, 
 will be gradually emei'ging. — continua, \.e.juncta, sequente. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 Origins of name of June, 1-100. Festival of Carna, 101-182, 
 Temple of Juno Moneta dedicated, 183-190. Festival of Mars, 
 191, 192. Temple of Tempestas dedicated, 193, 194. Rising of 
 Aquila and Hyades, 195-198. Dedication of temple of Bellona, 
 199-208. Temple of Hercules Gustos dedicated, 209-212. 
 Temple of Sancus dedicated, 213-218. Time for marriage in 
 this month, 219-234. Setting of Bootes ; Piscatory Games, 
 235-240. Temple of Mars dedicated, 241-248. Vestalia ; Altar of 
 Jupiter Pistor, 249-460. Defeat of Crassus, 461-468. Rising of 
 Delphin, 469-472. Matralia, 473-568. Temple of Fortuna dedi- 
 cated, 569-636. Temple of Concord dedicated, 637-648. Quin- 
 quatrus Minores, 649-710, Rising of Hyades, Orion, Delphin, 
 711-724, Sun enters Cancer, 725-728. Temple of Summanus 
 dedicated, 729-732. Rising of Ophiuchus, 733-762. Defeat at 
 Thrasimene Lake ; victory over Syphax, 763-770. Temple of 
 Fors Fortuna dedicated, 771-784. Rising of Orion's Belt, 785-790. 
 Temples of Lares and of Jupiter Stator dedicated, 791-794. Tem- 
 ple of Quirinus dedicated, 795, 796. Temple of Hercules Musarum 
 dedicated, 797-812. 
 
 1-20. Introduction. — positis, i. q. expositis. — leges, c\mse. — erunt, 
 etc. The Epicureans probably. — Est, sc. vero. — Deus, etc, : comp, 
 A, A. iii, 549 ; Ex Pont, iii. 4, 93. — Impetus hie, sc. poeticus. — 
 
BOOK VI. ]-90. 209 
 
 sacrae, etc., seeds of a divine mind, i. e. is produced by, springs from 
 the inspiration of the deity. — 10. Voce, sound, noise. — praeceptor 
 arandi. Hesiod of Ascra, the author of the Works and Days, a 
 poem chiefly devoted to agriculture. In his Theogony (v. 22) is 
 said of the Muses, A'i vv tcot' 'Raiocov Ka\r)v tciSa^av doiSrjv, 
 'Apvac TToifiaivovO' 'EXikiSvoq vtto ZaOsoio. — Priamides, Paris. — 15. 
 Contulit, compared. — in arce Jovis, i. e. on the Capitol. It is doubtful 
 whether he means the Capitoline temple, in which Juno was joined 
 with Jupiter and Minerva, or the temple of Juno Moneta, which 
 really did stand on the Arx : see on i. 637. 
 
 20-64. First origin ; the month was named from Juno. This 
 was the opinion of Cincius : see Macrob. i. 12. — per exiguos modos : 
 comp. ii. 3, 4. — Saturnum prima, etc. Kai fit Tvpecfivrdrriv t'ekito 
 TLpovoQ ayKvXofiijTTjg, Horn. II. iv. 59. The sense, however, is differ- 
 ent : Hesiod (Th. 454) makes Vesta the eldest offspring of Kronos. 
 — 31. Saturnia : comp. Virg. Aen. viii. 355, seq. Ovid was evidently 
 following this place, and, as Saturnia in it was the only town on the 
 left bank of the Tiber, he makes it the same as Rome. It was said 
 to have lain on the Capitoline ; Varro, L. L. v. 42. — a caelo proxima, 
 next after the sky : see Virg. ut sup. 319 : comp. i. 233 ; Ex Pont, 
 ii. 8, 37; A. A. i. 139. — Juncta, etc.: see on v. 18. — 35. pellex, 
 Maia : see v. 85. — Cur igitur, etc. : comp Virg. Aen. i. 46. — dedere, 
 so. homines. It is a repetition of the idea in the preceding verse. — 
 40. nomina traham, derive a name. It was the month that was named 
 from her, so the poet was probably napping.— ^y^ie/i/er, honestly, 
 with good faith. — In genus, etc. : see iv. 31. — Forma, etc. : comp, 
 V. 15 ; Virg. Aen. i. 27. — quod non, etc. : comp. Virg. ib. 15, seq. 
 — Tatium. '¥.v anaaaig raXg Kovpiag "Hp^ TpaTrs'Cac tOero (Tanog) 
 KovpiTii} XeyofjLsvy, Dionys. ii. 50. — Junonicolas : see iv. 73. — 50. 
 tuli, I. (\. sustuli, — Centum, numerous. Def. for indef. — quovis, sc. 
 altera honore. — mensis honor : comp. iv. 85. — Suburhani: see on iii. 
 667. — Aricia : see on iii. 263. — 60. meum. Juno Sospita was wor- 
 shiped there. — deae,\.e. Fortuna. — Nee Romulus, etc., i.e. these 
 were not built by my grandson, and yet they honour me ; how 
 much more then must the city which he did build ! 
 
 65-88. A second origin ; a junioribus. This was the opinion of 
 Fulvius Nobilior ; Macrob. ut sicp. — Herculis uxor. Hebe, in Latin 
 Juventas. She was the daughter of Jupiter and Juno. — 70. Blandior, 
 I coax, ask in a mild gentle tone. — omne mild, i. e. 07nne meum, — 77. 
 fitulum, i. e. nonien. — ab annis, i. q. ab aetate. 
 
 89-100. A third origin ; a jungendo. This is not noticed any- 
 where else, and may be only a notion of the poet's own. — pietas, i. e. 
 
210 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 the filial duty of Hebe to her mother. — dissimulata, hidden, lost 
 sight of. — Venit, se. at. — AjioUinea, On account of the temple of 
 Apollo in the house of Augustus on the Palatine. — -placidi duels, 
 Augustus, — opus. He made and maintained concord in the state. 
 — 95. Lare communi, du common abode, i.e. a town. — pares, sc. 
 honore. 
 
 101-182. Festival of Carna. Who this goddess was is very un- 
 certain. She is named by Macrobius, as here, Carna ; while the 
 Fathers of the Church call her Cardea, to which also Ovid alludes, 
 vv. 101, 127, Macrobius says (i. 12), NonnuUi putaverunt Juniiim 
 mensem a Junio Bruto, qui jjrimus Roviae consul /actus est, nominatum 
 quod hoc mense id est Kal. Jun. pulso Tarquinio sacrum Carnae deae 
 in Caelio monte voti reus fecerit. Hanc deam vitalibus humanis 
 praeesse credunt ; ah ea denique petitur lit jecinora et cor da quaeque 
 sunt intrinsecus viscera conservet. Et quia cordis heneficio, cujus dis- 
 simulatione Brutus habebatur, idoneus emendationi publici status extitit, 
 hanc deam, quae vitalibus praeest, templo sacravit. On the other hand, 
 Augustine says (Civ. Dei, iv. 8), Posuerunt Forculum foribus. Car- 
 deam cardini, Limentinum limini. We are inclined to think that 
 this last, or perhaps Cardina, is the proper name, and Carna a cor- 
 ruption, whose resemblance to ca7-o, carnis, gave rise to the notion 
 of the office of the goddess mentioned by Macrobius. An offer- 
 ing to Cardea on occasion of the expulsion of Tarquinius was ap- 
 propriate, while the reason given for that to Carna is rather far- 
 fetched. 
 
 101-130. Story of Carna. The following legend, in the Grecian 
 manner, is probably the poet's own invention. — Helerni: see on ii. 
 67. — sacra ferunt, sc. Carnae. — Cranaen, Kpavdrjv, on account of 
 the adjacent Janiculan rock (v. 125). He wishes, we may see, to 
 derive the name from the Greek. — 113. dixisset, sc. si. This ellipse 
 is common in the poets, particularly in Horace. Dares hanc vim 
 M. Crasso; in Foro, crede mihi, saltaret, Cic. Off. iii. 19. — 126. 
 Occupiat, etc. De Jano quidem non mihi facile quicquam occurrit quod 
 ad probrum pertineat ; et forte talis f nit id innocentius vixerit et afaci- 
 noribus et flagltiis remotius, Aug. Civ. Dei, vii. 4. This tale therefore 
 must have escaped the Father's memory. — spinam, etc. ; see on v. 165. 
 
 131-168. Account of the Striges, The Strix (crpi? a ffrpi^w), 
 the Strix Aluco, Linn., is the night-owl. — quae Phine'ia, etc. The 
 Harpies. — mensis, i. e. victu. — 135. egentes, i. e. non habentes. — 
 vitiant, deform, tear. — lactentia, sucking, i. e. of those that are suck- 
 lings. — Sive igltur, etc. Whether they are real birds, or witches in 
 their shape. This was a common notion, and one that is not quite 
 
BOOK VI. 90-199. 211 
 
 extinct j^et in some countries. Hanc ego nocturnas vivam voUtare 
 per umbras Suspicor et pluma corpus anile tegi, Am. i. 8, 13. Siriges 
 maleficis midieiibus nomen inditum est, quas volaticas etiam vocant, 
 Festus V. Striges. In Italian the name for a witch is strega or mali- 
 arda. — 143. Procae. One of the kings of Alba, iv. 52. — natus quin- 
 que diebus, i.e. he was five days old. — 155. arbutea. We do not 
 elsewhere read of the arbutus being used for this purpose, but, as 
 the bay was, it may have been because it was an evergreen : see 
 Diog. Laert. iv. 7, 10. — medicamen, etc., i. e. were medicated, had 
 the juice of herbs in them. — 162. Hanc animam, etc. : comp. Virg. 
 Aen. v. 483. — Virga, etc. : see v. 129. The Alba Spina appears to 
 be our whitethorn. AkysTai Se kuI KXaivag avriig Ovpaig TrpoffTt- 
 OevTOQ aTTOKpoviiv TciQ Twv (papnaKMV KaicovpyiaQ, Dioscor. i. 119. 
 
 169-182. Peculiar food on this day, bacon, beans, and spelt. Cui 
 (Carnae) pidte fabacia et larido sacrificatur, quod his maxime rebus 
 vires corporis robot^entur ; nam et Kal. Jun. fabariae vulgo vocantur, 
 quod hoc mense adultae fabae divinis rebus adhibentur, Macrob. i. 12. 
 Quod Kal. Jan. et publice et privatim fabatam (fabaciam ?) piiltem 
 dis mactant, Varro ap. Non. v. Mactare. — rogas, sc. si : see on v. I. 
 — \73. frazide, danger, injury, — qua7n, etc., i. e. the Attagen. — Nee 
 quae, etc., the crane : see II. iii. 5. — sextis Kalendis, i. e. the 
 Kalends of the sixth month, June. — laedi viscera. Probably get no 
 bowel-complaint. 
 
 181-190. Dedication of temple of Juno Moneta, on the Arx : 
 see i. 638. — Ante domus, etc.: see Hist, of Rome, p. 121. — Quavj 
 bene, etc. : comp. Juv, x. 276, seq. 
 
 191-198. Dedications of temples of Mars and Tempestas. Even- 
 ing-rising of Aquila. Heliac rising of the Hyades. — quern prospicit, 
 etc. The temple of Mars stood close to the Appian Road, at a 
 short distance from the Capene gate, probably somewhere near 
 the church of San Sisto : see Becker, i. p. 512. The Via Tecta 
 would seem to have been a portico leading to it from the Capene 
 gate, like that leading from Bologna to the church on Monte 
 Guardia, and which is a mile long. — 193. Te quoque, etc. The tem- 
 ple of Tempestas also lay outside of the Capene gate. It was 
 built A. U. 495 by L. Scipio, the conqueror of Corsica, and is thus 
 noticed in his epitaph : Dedet Tempestatebus aide mere to. 
 
 199-208. Dedication of temple of Bellona. This, according to 
 Livy (x. 19), with whom our poet agrees, was vowed in the Tuscan 
 war, A. U. 456, by Ap. Claudius Caecus. On the other hand, Pliny 
 (xxxv. 3) tells us that A p. Claudius, the first of the family at Rome, and 
 who was consul A. U. 259, posuit in Bellonae aede majores sues, jda- 
 
212 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 cuitque in excelso sjyectari et titulos honorum legi. From this it would 
 appear that Claudius Caecus only rebuilt the original temple. It 
 seems, however, somewhat strange that a man who had only just 
 come to Rome himself should have placed the portraits or busts 
 (clypcos) of his Sabine forefathers in a temple there. — Pyrrho, etc. ; 
 see Hist, of Rome, p. 165. — Prospicit, etc. The temple was close 
 to the Flaminian Circus, which lay under the Capitol, in the 
 Campus Martius ; and the area in which stood the column was in its 
 rear toward the Circus. In the early days of Rome, when her 
 contests were all with her near neighbours, the fetial who declared 
 war used to cast a spear into the hostile territory; but when that 
 became more difficult, on account of the distance, the symbolic act 
 here noticed came into use. This custom was observed by Augus- 
 tus (Dion 1. 4), and even by M. Aurelius (Id. Ixxi. 33.) 
 
 209-212. Dedication of temple of Hercules Custos. Of this 
 temple nothing is known beyond what is here told us. Plutarch 
 merely says (Sul. 35), 'AttoBvujv de Trjg ovaiaq airaariQ 6 SuWag 
 T(^ 'HpnKXei StKdrrjv, i<JTia(JiiQ iiroiCiTO r(^ SIjijliij 'iroXvTEXelc k.t.X, 
 It may have been at this time that he built the temple. — Altera 
 pars. This may be either the other side or the other end. — probavit. 
 This word was properly used of tlie Censors when they approved 
 of a work as executed by the contractor ; see Liv. iv. 22. 
 
 213-218. Dedication of the temple of the ancient Sabine deity 
 named Sancus, Dius Fidius, and Semo. This temple was dedi- 
 cated A. U. 288 : see Dionys. ix. 60 ; but it could only have been a 
 reparation or rebuilding, as Sancus was worshiped in the time of 
 Tatius (Tert. ad Nat. ii. 9), and several relics from the times of 
 the kings were preserved in it. It stood on the Quirinal, in or 
 about the present Piazza di Monte Cavallo and the Quirinal palace : 
 Becker i. p. 576. For Sancus, see Mythol. p. 530. 
 
 219-234. Time for marriage. It would seem as if the unlucky 
 season for matrimony, which extended all through the month of May 
 (v. 490), reached as far as the Ides of inwe.—Jitia, etc. Of this 
 daughter he says elsewhere (Tr. iv. 10, 75), Filia me mea bis prima 
 fecunda juventa, Sed non ex uno conjuge, fecit avum. The names of 
 her husbands are unknown. Seneca says (De Const. Sap. 17), In 
 senatu flentem vidimus Fidum Cornelium, Nasonis generum, etc. ; but 
 there is no proof that this Naso is our poet. — 227. Donee, etc. On 
 the XVII. Kal., i. e. two days after the Ides, the Temple of Vesta 
 was cleaned out, and the dirt (stercus) was, according to Ovid, 
 thrown into the Tiber ; but Varro and Festus differ from him on 
 this point. Dies qui vacatur: Quando stercus delatum, fas: 
 
BOOK vi. 203-268. 213 
 
 ab eo appellatiis, quodeo die ex aede Vestae stercus everritur, etper Capi- 
 tolinum clivom in locum defertur certum, Varro, L. L. vi. 32. Stercus 
 ex aede Vestae xvii. Kal. Jim. defertur in angiportum medium fere 
 clivi Capitolini, qui locus clauditur porta stercoraria : tantae sanctitatis 
 majores nostri esse judicaverunt, Fest. v. Stercus. The dirt, how- 
 ever, was probably afterwards taken out of this place and thrown 
 into the river. — 229. Kon mihi, etc. : see Excursus on i. 333. — nite- 
 hit, will shine, i. e. will be clean. 
 
 235-248. Morning-setting of Arctophylax. Piscatory games. 
 Temple of Mars dedicated. — Tertia, etc. It is usually supposed 
 that this is vii. Id., but Clodius says, ry irpb t' siSuiv 6 dpicrovpog 
 opOpov Svsrai, and it is, in reality, at the end of the third night from 
 the Nones, that the sign sets. — Lycaona, i. e. hycaoniden, as he was 
 grandson of Lycaon ; like 'X-rripimv for 'YTripwviSijg, 'A/jiipLTpvojv for 
 'AfKpiTpvuviSrjQ, Pind. Nem. iv. 32. — in gramine Campi. Here Ovid 
 is at variance with Verrius, who said that they were celebrated be- 
 yond the river. Piscatorii ludi vocantur qui quotannis mense Junio 
 trans Tiherim fieri solent a Praetore IJrbano pro piscatoribus Tibe- 
 linis, quorum qiiaestiis non in macellum pervenit sed fere in aream 
 Volcani ; quod id genus pisciculoj'um vivorum datur ei deo pro animis 
 humanis, Fest. v. Piscatorii. — rebellabas, were warring again. It was 
 the second Punic war. — Consulis, Flaminius, who was slain at the 
 Thrasimene lake, A. U. 537 : Hist, of Rome, p. 20Q.—Menti, etc. 
 This temple, which stood on the Capitol, was built by direction of 
 the Sibylline books : Liv. xxii. 9 ; xxiii. 31. — mediis, etc., i. e. M'ith 
 six days between them, that is, inclusive of both, in the usual Roman 
 mode of expression ; in reality there are only four. 
 
 249-460. The Vestalia : see Excursus VI. 
 
 249-310. Enquiry into various particulars relating to the goddess. 
 — operata: see on iii. 261. — purpurea, bright, brilliant. — valeantj&re- 
 well, adieu to : see Hor. Ep. ii. 1, 80 ; Ter. And. iv. 2, 13. — mcndacia, 
 the fictions. The word is often, as here, used in a good sense : 
 comp. Hor. A. P. 151. — Nee fueras, etc. No men were admitted 
 into the temple of Vesta. — nullo, sc. homine, i. e. he learned them 
 from the inspiration of the goddess. — 257. Dena, etc., i. e. in the 
 fourth year of Numa's reign. — quo non, etc. : comp. Met. i. 322. — 
 Q,uae nunc, etc. For a full enquiry respecting the temple of Vesta, 
 see the Excursus. — 265. Forma, sc. rotunda.— subest vigil, etc. Ac- 
 cording to the doctrine of the Pythagoreans there was a central 
 fire in the universe, and, as the earth was regarded as its middle 
 point, the fire must have been within it. In this place Vesta is used 
 for her temple, and focus for the sacred flame in it. — 268. Significant, 
 
214 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 mark out, indicate. — sedem suam, their own, proper seat. — 269. Terra, 
 etc. The earth, like a ball, though so heavy, hangs suspended in 
 the air : comp. Met. i. 13. — 271. fysa volubilitas, etc. The six fol- 
 lowing verses are wanting in all the good MSS., and are found only 
 in seven or eight of those of inferior note. Gierig regarded them 
 as spurious, and Merkel has left them out of the text, yet in his 
 Prolegomena (p. ci.) he treats them as genuine Ovidian verses. It 
 is possible that they are so, and that the monks omitted them, as 
 teaching the rotation of the earth, contrary to Scripture as they 
 maintained, and for which they afterwards punished the great 
 Galileo. Or they may have been interpolated by those who had 
 adopted the notion of the rotation of the earth from the ancients, to 
 whom it was not unknown, ex. gr. Jam vero terrain, altricem nostravi, 
 quae trajecto axe sustmetur, diei noctisque efficatricem, Cic. 
 Tim. 10. — orbew,5C.terrariim, the earth. — jiarti, sc. alicui. — 277. Arte. 
 This is the reading of the great body of the MSS., including all the 
 best. On this account, and because it best agrees with the fact, we 
 have retained it in preference to Arce, the reading adopted by 
 Heinsius and all succeeding editors. It is of the celebrated sphere 
 of Archimedes he is speaking, which was brought to Rome on the 
 takingofSyracuseby M.Marcellus: see Cic deRep. i. 14. — suspensus, 
 etc. It is very difficult to understand what is meant by this. The 
 globus, of which he speaks, evidently represented the mundus or 
 vault of heaven ; for all the planets were inside of it, and the earth 
 occupied its centre {v. 279) ; and moreover it was of glass, in order 
 that the motion of the planets which took place in it might be seen. 
 Was it then inclosed in a glass-case, to preserve it from injury? 
 It may also be asked, how the motions were effected in the inside 
 of a globe ? For this purpose, we might suppose that the bottom 
 was open ; but this would not agree with the idea of its being sus- 
 pended. On the subject of this sphere, see Cic. ut sup. ; Tusc. i. 25 ; 
 Athen. v. p. 207; Claud. Epigr. 18. — stat is like the Italian sta : 
 see on Virg. Buc. vii. 53. — poll, i. q. mundi. — Par fades, etc. The 
 temple, however, did not exactly resemble a. pita; for its body was 
 a cylinder, and its roof a hemisphere, thokis. — quaeris, sc. si. — suas, 
 appropriate. — 285. Ex Ope, etc. He here follows Hesiod. Theog. 
 453. — impatiens viri, i. e. single, unmarried : comp. Met. i. 478. — 
 Quid, sc. turn. — Ignis, etc., sc. solummodo. — vi stando, etc. This is a 
 strange etymology. Terrain nonnulli Vestam esse pronuntiant, qucd 
 in mundo stet sola, ceteris ejus partibus viobilitate perpetua constitutis, 
 Arnob. iii. p. 119. — 300. Causa, etc. 'EarLa from ((mjjui. — At focus, 
 etc. An quodfocum dicat ubicumque ignis est etfovetur, unde et Varro 
 
BOOK VI. 269-319. 215 
 
 focum did vult, Serv. Aen. xi. 211. — tamen. In our notes on Horace 
 we have more than once had occasion to observe, that the Latin 
 tamen answers to the Italian pure, and is, therefore, at times simply 
 emphatic. Here it seems to be, indeed. — p'^^imis aedibus, the fore- 
 part of the house, i. e. the atrium. — ante, in former times. Hence 
 it would seem, that in Ovid's time there vv'as no longer & focus kept 
 in the atria of the houses at Rome. Perhaps, however, he may 
 merely allude to the custom of dining in the atrium, which was still 
 retained in the country : see on Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 66. — Hinc, i. e. a 
 foco, i. e. a Vesta. — vestibulum, the porch out before the atrium. For 
 the etymon, see Excursus on iii. 445. — 303. unde, etc., M'hence we 
 pray and speak. There is a number of various readings in this 
 place. Most MSS. have Quaefamur, which gives no good sense. — 
 Vesta est, sc. nam. The reason of the origin he assigns to vestibulum. 
 — loca prima, sc. aediiim, i. e. the atrium. — Ante focos, etc. The an- 
 cient Romans sat at their meals, and took them in the atrium ; the 
 use of the triclinium with its lecti or sofas came to them from Greece 
 and Asia: see Virg. Aen. vii. 176, Serv. in he. — adesse deos, sc. 
 Lares. Apud Romanos etiam coena edita, sublatisque mejisis primis 
 silentium fieri solebat quoad ea quae de coena libata fuerant ad focum 
 ferrentur et igni darentur ac puer deos propitios nunciasset . . . Graeci 
 quoque 6twv Trapovffiav dicunt, Serv. Aen. i. 730. — Nunc quoque, 
 etc. An instance in which the old custom was still retained. — 
 Vacunae. For this goddess, about whose nature and character 
 there was so much uncertainty, see on Hor. Ep. i. 10, 49. She was 
 chiefly, as the Scholiast there tells us, worshiped by the Sabines, and 
 we do not hear of any temple to her at Rome.— /oco5, altars. 
 
 308-348. The Vestalia kept by the hdkers.—Venit, etc. Another 
 ancient rite is still preserved. On this day offerings of food (bread 
 we may suppose) are sent to the temple of Vesta, and the mill- 
 stones and mill-asses are adorned with garlands. — pura, clean ; or, it 
 may be, plain, not chased or adorned. — patella : see on ii. 633. — 
 coronatis : comp. i. 663; v. 52; TibuU. ii. 1, 8. — panis dependet : 
 see on v. 347. — Sola, etc. In the old times they used no other corn 
 than/a?- for making bread: comp. ii. 519. — Fornicali, etc.: see ii. 
 525. — 315. Sitpjjositum, etc. Panem prima cinis calidus et fervens 
 testa percoxit. Sen. Ep. 90. Placentam imponito, testo caldo operito, 
 pruna insuper et drcum operito. Videto ut bene et otiose jiercoquas. 
 Cat. R. R. 76.— focum, sc. Vestae. — servat, i. q. observat, pays a reli- 
 gious regard to. — 319. Praeteream, etc. This legend, which so 
 closely resembles that in i. 391, seq. is probably the poet's own in- 
 vention. It is likely that he would have omitted it, had he lived to 
 
216 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 revise and publish the poem. — 345. Lampsacos (sc. hinc, or ergo), 
 etc. : see i. 391. — damns, sc. nos homines. There certainly was no 
 sacrifice of this kind at Rome. — monilibus. " Quod attinet ad formam 
 panis ... in modum coronae fuisse existimo . . . Hae coronae sunt 
 quae Valentinianus et Valens, in lege De annonis civicis et pane 
 gradili, vocant huccellas. Soli Siculi hanc vocem hodie rotinent, qui 
 materna lingua hujusmodi panes dicunt buccellatos, Castellani vocant 
 rosqidllas^'' Neap. He illustrates it further, by the following verses 
 of Aristophanes (Plut. 764), Kdyw ^ avadrjaai jSovXojufu 'Evayys- 
 \id ff£ Kpi(3av(t)Twv 6pfia6(^, Toiavr' dirayyeiXavTa. They are evi- 
 dently those cakes made in the form of a ring, which may still be 
 seen in France and Italy, and of which a parcel was hung round 
 the necks of the asses. 
 
 349-394. Altar of Jupiter Pistor on the Capitol. For this there 
 is hardly any other authority, Servius says (Aen. viii. 652), Hodie 
 ara in Capitolio est Jovis Soteris, in qua liberali obsidione coria et solea 
 Vetera concremaverunt, and as an inscription was found under the 
 
 Capitol with Jovi Conservatori colleg. siligimariorum 
 
 DEDiT, Merkel (p. ccxxix.) infers that the bakers were under the 
 protection of Jupiter Conservator, who was thence named Jupiter 
 Pistor. The place is a digression here, as this altar had nothing to 
 do with the Vestalia. — quam pretio. The altar was of little account. 
 — Cincta, etc.: see Hist, of Rome, p. 171. — 359. Haec est, etc. ; 
 comp. Virg. Aen. i. 257. — suburbanos : see on iii. 667. — contudit, 
 i. q. contuderat, by the usual enallage. — erat in cursu : see on v. 245. 
 — aerata, adorned with copper. — 366. Putant, etc., whence it ap- 
 pears that they believe in the gods. — 367. arce, the Capitol, where 
 were the temples of Jupiter, Juno, and other deities. — 374. Monte 
 sua, on their own sacred hill, the Capitol. — lituo, the augural staff: 
 see Hist, of Rome, p. 16, note.— 3S5. illos, i.e. the Romans. — 
 391. Ceres, i. e. the cakes and loaves they had made, v. 382. 
 
 395-416. Barefoot procession of ladies on the Vestalia. This 
 also is noticed only by Ovid. It does not appear whence it came, 
 or whither it went, but probably to the temple of Vesta. The 
 explanation given of it is absurd. — revertebar, sc. domum. Ovid 
 lived near the Capitol (see on iv. 905), and he was evidently going 
 down from the Via Nova to the Forum on his way home. — Qua, 
 etc. The Via Nova, commencing at the top of the Velia (at the 
 arch of Titus), ran round the Palatine from the Porta Mugionis to 
 the Porta Romanula over the Velabrum. It therefore lay above 
 the temple of Vesta, to which and the Forum, it would seem, a 
 street or way led down from it. That this had been lately made, 
 
BOOK VI. 345-435. 217 
 
 appears from his saying nunc. — matronmn. This is probably a col- 
 lective, and is \. q, matro7ias. — 401. yor«, '\. q. forum : see i. 264. — 
 fossa, i. e. the valley between the Palatine and Capitoline hills. — 
 Curtius, etc. This was a part of the Forum on which there was an 
 altar. Three various origins were given of the name, for two of 
 which, see Hist, of Rome, p. 127 ; the third is thus given by Varro^ 
 L. L. V. 150. Cornelius et Lutatius scribunt,eum locum esse fulguritum 
 et ex Sen. Con. septum esse ; id quod factum esset a Curtio consule, 
 quoi M. Genutius fuit collega, [i. e. A. U. 309,] Curtium appellatmn. — 
 Velabra, i. q. Velabrum. This street joined the Vicus Tuscus, which 
 led out of the Forum, and ran on to the Forum Boarium, which 
 was on the river joining the Circus Maximus. The pomps, or reli- 
 gious or triumphal processions, used to enter at the Carmental 
 gate, go along the Vicus Jugarius under the Capitol, and thence 
 along the south side of the Forum to the Vicus Tuscus, down it and 
 the Velabrum, and so into the Circus : see Liv. xxvii. 37. The 
 pomps at the Circensian games commenced at the Capitol, and 
 went down the Clivus into the Forum, and so on : see on iv. 391. 
 — 406. praeter, i. q. praeterquam. — Saepe, etc. At qua Velabri regie 
 patet ire solebat Exiguus pulsa per vada linter aqua, Tibull. ii. 6, 33. 
 Qua Velabra suo stagnabant flumine, quaque Nauta per urbanas velifi- 
 cabat aquas, Prop. iv. 9, 3. Velabrum, a vehendo ; Velaturam 
 facere etiam nunc dicuntur qui id mercede faciunt, Varro, L. L. v. 44. — 
 Cantat, i. q. cantabat. For this enallage, see our Horace, Escnrs. I. 
 — conveniens, etc., i. e. Vertumnus whose statue stood in the Vicus 
 Tuscus. For this god of change, see Mythoi. p. 534. Propertius 
 in the following verses (iv. 2, 7) gives the same origin of his name 
 as Ovid : Hac quondam Tiberinus iter faciebat, et aiunt Remorum 
 auditos per vada pulsa sonos. At postquam ille suis tantuni concessit 
 alumnis, Vertumnus verso dicor ab amne deus. — 412. pede velato, with 
 shod foot. This is the only instance, we believe, of velatus with 
 pes. 
 
 417-460. Other particulars relating to Vesta. — puerilibus annis, 
 when he was a boy, probably at school. — Moenia, etc. For this ac- 
 count of the origin of the Palladium, see Mythoi. p. 484:.— desilnisse, 
 sc. a caelo. — Cura, etc., sc. cum illic essem. Ovid had visited Asia 
 in his younger days: see Tr. i. 2, 78; Ex Pont. ii. 10, 21. — 
 425. Smintheus, sc. Apollo. — 433. genus Adrasti. Diomedes, son of 
 Tydeus, by the daughter of Adrastus. It was said that he and 
 Ulysses contrived to steal the Palladium, and that he afterwards 
 gave it to Aeneas in Italy : see Serv. Aen. ii. 166; iii. 407. — 435. lies 
 est Romana, etc. It was the universal belief at Rome that the Fal- 
 
 L 
 
218 NOTES ON THE FASTI. 
 
 ladium was one of the sacred things preserved in the temple of 
 Vesta : see Dionys.i.69 ; ii. 66 ; Cic. Phil.xi. 10 ; Scaur. 2 ; Luc. 
 i. 592; ix. 901 ; Herodian, i. 14. — 437. Vesta, i.e. aedes Vestae : 
 see on Hor. Sat. i. 5, 72. — 444. Metellus, L. Caecilius Metellus, the 
 Pontifex Maximus. This conflagration happened soon after the 
 close of the first Punic war: Liv. Epit. 19. — Haurit aquas, etc. To 
 purify himself; comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 718. — capitis mei, i. q. mei: see 
 Hor. Excurs. II. — 453. Dixit, etc. He lost his eyes in the attempt. 
 As a reward, he was thenceforth permitted to ride to the senate- 
 house in a carriage ; Plin. vii. 43 : comp. Val. Max. i. 4, 4 ; Dionys. 
 and Cic. ut suj). — dea. Minerva. — Nunc bene, etc. : see on iv. 949. 
 
 461-468. Victory of Brutus ; Defeat of Crassus. — Calldico, of 
 Galicia : see Hist, of Rome, p. 285. — Crassus, etc. Ibid. p. 404. 
 
 469-472. Evening-rising of Delphin. — violae, the flowers, v. 311. 
 Species for genus. 
 
 473-562. Matralia or festival of Mater Matuta, whom the Romans 
 identified with the Greek marine goddess Leucothea or Ino, and 
 worshiped with Grecian rites. — Flava, etc. 'Ec tovto to vEiap iv 
 d) EOpryJ TTJQ 'li'ouQ ii.ij3dXXov(Tiv d\(pLTn)v fxa^ag. Pans. iii. 23. — 
 Pontibiis (sc. duobus : see on Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 32.) etc. A descrip- 
 tion of the Forum Boarium, in which stood the temple of Mater 
 Matuta, built, as was said, by Servius TulHus : Liv. v. 23 ; Plut. 
 Cam. 5. Its site was probably not far from the Janus Quadrifrons 
 and the church of San Giorgio in Velabro. — posito de bove. Bos 
 aereiis inde (Aegina) captus in Foro Boario est JRoinae, Plin. xxxiv. 
 2. A Foro Boario ubi aereum tauri simulacrum aspicimus, Tac. Ann. 
 xii. 24. But it was the ox-market long before the Romans entered 
 Greece, and that statue was placed in it merely on account of the 
 name. — parenti, i e. vtatri. — quare famulus, etc.: see on z'. 55L — 
 485. Arserat, etc. : see Mythol. p. 212. — Est spatio, etc. ; the 
 Isthmus of Corinth. — Nondum, etc. : see v. 545.- — 503. Lucus erat, 
 etc. This sacred grove, which was close to the Tiber (Liv. xxxix. 
 12), probably lay a little way beyond the Aventine. — Stimulae, 
 Livy {I. c.) calls her Simila, and the name is probably a corruption 
 of Semele, and not that of an old Italian deity. — Maenadas. Bac- 
 chae. Like Virgil (Aen. vii. 385), he supposes the rites of Bacchus 
 to have prevailed in ancient times in Italy, contrary to the fact. — 
 507. Disshnulata deam, i. e. by taking the form of a woman : comp. 
 Virg. Aen. v. 619. — Instimulat. Alluding to Stimula. — sacrique 
 parat, etc. The ancients were very anxious to keep the knowledge 
 of their sacred rites from strangers : see Mythol. p. 181. — 512. 
 pignus, i. e. her child. — Oetaeus. Hercules, who afterwards burned 
 
BOOK VI. 437-569. 219 
 
 himself on Mt. Oeta. — numen, etc., i. e. Juno. — continet, holds, i. e. 
 tells? Gierig says, restrains her from telling. — 331. Liba, e\c. A 
 cause for the usage noticed, v. 482. Testuatium (libum) quod in 
 testu caldo coquebatur, ut etiam nunc Matralibus id faciunt matronae, 
 Varro, L. L. v. 106. — resigna, unseal, disclose. — 545. Leucothea, 
 etc. The identification of the Latin deities Matuta and Portunus 
 with the Leucothea and Palaemon of the Greeks may have taken 
 place in the following manner. Matuta was the goddess of the 
 dawn, or of the time immediately preceding it. TewjJore item certo 
 roseam Matuta per oras Aetheris Auroram defert et lumina jjandit, 
 Lucr. V. 655. Her name is evidently connected with mane and 
 matutinus, and we have endeavoured to show (see on Hor. Sat. ii. 
 6. 20.) that there was in the usual Roman manner a male deity Matu- 
 tus or Matutinus. Ma7ium dixere clai'um, wide etiam mane post 
 tenebras diei jorima pars ; hide Matuta quae Graecis Leucothea, Non. 
 If Matuta then was the Clara Dea, how easy was it to identify her 
 with the Alba Dea (AevicoOsa) of the Greeks, even though she never 
 w^as regarded as a goddess of the sea. The slight resemblance of 
 name and office between Palaemon and the Roman harbour-god 
 Portunus may have then sufficed to complete the identification, — 
 551. Cur vetet, etc. According to Plutarch (Cam. 5 ; Q. R. 16.) 
 they did bring in one slave, and having cuffed her well, then turned 
 her out. He adds that no slave was permitted to enter the temple 
 of Leucothea, at his native town of Chaeronea. — Cad7nei, i. e. Ino. 
 — Comperit, etc. : see iii. 853. — 559. Non tamen, etc. Another cus- 
 tom, that of praying for their nephews and nieces, instead of their 
 own children. Plutarch (Q. R. 17) mentions this also. Matuta, 
 like Lucina, may have been regarded as presiding over birth. 
 
 563-568. Deaths of Rutilius and Didius, on the day of the Ma- 
 tralia, in the Marsic Viar.—Butili. The consul P. Rutilius Lupus, 
 who was slain A. U. 664, in the first year of the war : see Appian, 
 Bel. Civ. i. 60 ; Flor. iii. 18 ; Veil. ii. 16. From Ovid it appears 
 that the battle in which he fell was on the banks of the Tolenus 
 (Turano), a river of the Sabine country, which joins the Velinus 
 near Reate. — Purpweuin fuxit. Milton's ran purple. Par. Lost, i. 
 451. — Pallantide : see iv. 373. Possibly an allusion to the real 
 character of Matuta. — Didius. Among the Roman commanders in 
 this war, Velleius mentions T. Didius ; but we only read of his 
 death in this place of our poet. 
 
 .569-636. Dedication of temple of Fortuna, also built by Servius 
 Tullins, and in the Forum Boarium. The site of this temple is not 
 exactly known, but it seems highly probable that it was the ancient 
 L 2 
 
220 NOTES ON THE FASTT. 
 
 temple, some of whose columns are built into the wall of the old 
 church of Sta Maria in Cosmedin. This Fortune has no epithet, 
 though from a place in Varro, presently to be quoted, it might ap- 
 ))ear that she was named Virgo. — quis latet, etc. In this temple 
 there stood a statue of gilt wood, covered with two togas, which 
 was, as the poet here says, generally regarded as that of Servius, 
 while Varro {ap. Non. v. Undulatum) says : Et a quibusdam esse 
 dicitur Virginis Fortunae shnulacrimi, ab eo quod duabus undulatis togis 
 est opertum, proinde ut olhn reges nostri undulatas et praetextas togas 
 soliti stmt habere. Pliny also says (viii, 48), Servii Tullii praetextae, 
 quibus signum Fortunae aB eo dicatae coopertum erat, duravere ad 
 Sejant exitum, mir unique fuit nee defluxisse eas nee teredinum injurias 
 sensisse annis dlx. — Dum dea, etc. This amour of Fortune with 
 Servius is also noticed by Plutarch, Q. R. 36 ; De Fort. Rom. 10. 
 — 377. Nocte, etc. By the donius here would seem to be meant the 
 house of Servius. But it was rather a chapel of the goddess with 
 the little door named /e-s^ra, i. e. fenestra (Macrob. iii. 12), whence 
 she was called Fenestella ; and the gate near which it stood, but of 
 whose situation we have no account whatever, was named from it 
 Porta Fenestella, like Porta Carmentalis, Lavernalis, etc. : see 
 Merkel, p. cliii. Plutarch says : ^la tlvoq Ovpidos Karafiaivovija 
 tig TO Sofxdnov, o vvi^ ^sveffrkWav irvX^v KciXovai. — An 7nagis, etc. 
 A second reason. — 582. Confusam, grieved : comp. Juv. iii. 1. — 
 Tertia, etc. A third reason : see Hist, of Rome, p. 25. — Nos tamen, 
 etc., i. e. I will however be brief. — pia vita, sc. erga patrem — 593. 
 caput, the life.— /a«o dotale, I bring as my dower. — Sceleratus Vicus. 
 This was a street leading out of the Vicus Cyprius, up the CHvus 
 Orbius or Urbius, to the Esquiline : Liv. i, 48; Dionys. iv. 39. 
 The topographers have not been able to assign its place : see Becker 
 i. p. 525, seq. — templum,sc. Fortunae. — 613. sub imagine, i. e. which 
 represented. — Ore, etc. From the address to the matronae, which 
 follows, it would appear that the meaning is, that shamefacedness 
 (with an allusion to Tullia) will begin to be departed from as soon 
 as the face of Servius is uncovered. — 621. Parcite, sc. ergo. It is 
 the poet who speaks. — Septimus, i. e. reckoning Tatius. — Arserat, 
 etc. : see Dionys. iv. 40; Val. Max. i. 8, 11.— 633. /oco. This is 
 the reading of all the best MSS. and of the old editions. Six have 
 loco, which Burmann and the subsequent editors have preferred. 
 In like manner, for sedet, all the editors but Merkel read/oi;^^, the 
 reading of only three MSS. of inferior note. — Signa, etc. : see 
 Hist, of Rome, ut sup. ; comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 682 ; vii. 71. 
 636-648. Dedication of the temple of Concord, in the Porticus 
 
BOOK VI. 569-663. 221 
 
 Livia, A. U. 747. It stood somewhere on the Esquiline, probably 
 not far from the Subura, but its exact site is not known. — dcdicat, 
 honours, declares, as it were, thy divinity. Majorum institutis Mens, 
 Fides, Virtus, Concordia consecratae et publice dedicatae sunt, Cic. 
 N. D. ii. 31. Dedico is an intensive of dico. For the use of the 
 present tense, see Horace, Excurs. I. — Disce, etc. There was at 
 Rome, in the time of Augustus, a man named Vedius PolUo, of a 
 libertine family, an Eques and extremely wealthy. This man was so 
 cruel, that when his slaves committed any offence, he used to have 
 them thrown into a pond at his villa near Baiae, to feed the 
 muraenae, or sea-eels, which he kept in it. As Augustus, who was 
 on terms of intimacy with him, was one day dining at his house 
 there, the attendant happened to let fall and break a glass cup, and 
 his master ordered him instantly to the muraenae. The slave threw 
 himself at the feet of Augustus, and implored his intercession. 
 The emperor interceded, but in vain. He then ordered all the 
 vessels of that kind in the house to be brought to him, and instantly 
 smashed them all. This brought the host to his senses. When 
 Pollio died, he left the greater part of his property to the emperor, 
 requesting that he would build with it some great public work, 
 expecting, of course, that his name would be thereby preserved from 
 oblivion. But Augustus levelled the large mansion of Pollio at 
 Rome, and on its site built a portico, which he named not from him, 
 but from Livia; see Dion, liv. 24 ; Sen. de-Ira, iii. 40; Plin. ix. 
 23. — sub crimine regni. Alluding to Sp. Cassius, Sp. Maelius, and 
 M. Manlius : see Hist, of Rome. 
 
 649-710. Dedication of temple of Jupiter Invictus. The Quin- 
 quatrus Minores. — Nulla nota, etc., i. e. there is no festival marked 
 in the Fasti on Pr. Id. — Invicto. This title is mentioned by Cicero 
 Legg. ii. 11, and Augustine De Civ. Dei, v. 11. The temple, whose 
 site is unknown, was probably, as Merkel thinks (p. cxli), dedi- 
 cated A. U. 560: see Liv. xxxv. 41. — Et jam, etc. Quinquatrus 
 minusculae dictae Juniae Idus ab similiiudine Majorum, quod tibi- 
 cines turn feriati vagantur per urbeni et conveniunf ad templum 
 Minervae. Varro, L. L. vi. 17. — tibicen. A collective. — 657. Tevi- 
 paribus, etc. : comp. Censorin, De Die Natali, 12. — mercede. This 
 may either mean the payment they received, or the honour 
 they enjoyed of eating in the temple of the Capitoline Jupiter. — 
 que. This must be i. q. at. — Graiae artis opus, i. e. tibicinium. But 
 the cithara, not the tibia, was the proper and original national 
 instrument of Greece. The tibia had, however, been long in use 
 there : see on Hor. A. P. 202. — 663. Adde, etc. Pighius supposes 
 
 l3 
 
•rrL jStotes oit the fasti. 
 
 that the aedile here alluded to was Ap. Claudius, who was curule 
 aedile A. U. 440. But already by the law of the xii. Tables 
 (A. U. 303) the number had been limited to ten: see Cic. Legg. 
 ii. 23. It is therefore probable that the poet makes a mistake. 
 According- to Livy (ix. 30) the cause of their secession was their 
 being prohibited by the censors (Ap. Claudius and C. Plautius, 
 A. U. 441) from eating in the temple of Jupiter. — Ex'ilio. For the 
 meaning of this word, see Hist, of Rome, p. 83, note. There is no 
 reason for supposing that this couplet was written, like iv. 81-84, 
 after his exile. — toros, the couch or bier on which the body was car- 
 ried to the pyre or tomb. — 669. Servierat, etc., i. e. he was a freed- 
 man. Livy gives the following stratagem to the magistrates of 
 Tibur, to whom the Romans had made application. — dapes. It was 
 probably a sacrifice : see on iv. 745. — Auctor vindictae, i. e. his 
 patron or former master : see on Hor. Sat. ii. 7. 76. — dominus, so. 
 dovtus, the freedman. — 680. Siistulit, Whe A t\\em u^. — sirpea. It is 
 thus correctly described by Scheffer (De Re Vehic. i. 7), Oblonga 
 (piadrata capsa, e virgis contexta, corbis instar, quae imponitur vel trahae 
 vel plaustro, rebus vilioribusin agro vehendis. It therefore was not un- 
 like what is called a kish in Ireland. — 685. Plautius. This is the 
 conjecture of Pighius; the reading of nearly all the MSS.is Calli- 
 dus ; four of inferior note have Claudius. It must have been a 
 proper name, v. 690. — specie, by their appearance. — tibicina. This is 
 used here adjectively^ — augeat, give dignity to : see on i. 612. — Sic 
 etc., sc. sperans. — Contra, etc. It would appear from this, that in the 
 version of the story which Ovid followed they had been ordered to 
 quit the city. — Superest, etc. Reason why this festival also is named 
 Quinqualius. Story of Marsyas, see Met. vi. 383 ; Mythol. p. 123. 
 
 711-714. Evening-rising of the Hyades. — Thyene. This name 
 occurs among the Hyades only in Hygin. Astr. ii. 21. In some 
 accounts the Hyades are nymphs of Dodona : Mythol. p. 464. — 
 Haec est, etc. : see on v. 227. 
 
 715, 716. Favonius, the West-wind, begins to blow. — Cras. He is 
 still speaking on xvii. Kal. 
 
 717-724. Rising of Orion's shoulder. Of Delphin. Victory of 
 Postumius. — At, etc. This would seem evidently to mean rising on 
 the evening of the xvi. Kal. ; but the rising is said by the critics 
 to be in the morning : see on v. 785.— iinxerit, i. q. extinxerit ? — 
 Et cinget, etc. Here are some diflficulties unheeded by the critics. 
 What, for example, is stella serena f Is it the sun ? or is it a collec- 
 tive, as in iv. 390 ? Is it meant by cinget that the sun, when on the 
 verge of theshorizon, will illumine both hemispheres ? or that the 
 
BOOK VI. 665-770. 223 
 
 stars will appear when he sets ? In which last case what is the 
 meaning of geminos polos ? Or finally, could the stella be Orion, 
 of which Hyginus says (Astr. iii. 33), Orionem a zona et reliquo 
 corpore aequinoctialis circulus dividit ? — proles Hyriea : see v. 499, 
 seq, — Continua node. By this we think is meant, the following night, 
 i. e. XV. Kal. ; comp. v. 734. Continuus is i. q. contmuatus, joined, 
 succeeding. — hie, sc. Delpldn, or perhaps dies, included in node. — 
 olim, etc. We cannot conceive on what grounds Niebuhr (ii. 4o2) 
 places this victory on xiii. Kal., which he says was the 18th of 
 June, the day, he adds, of Collin (in the Seven Years' war) and of 
 Waterloo. — suburbano : see on iii. 667. 
 
 725-728. Sun enters Cancer. Temple of Minerva on the Aven- 
 tine dedicated. — Jam, etc. Reckoning inclusively, there were now 
 XII. {sex et totidem) days to the end of the month, to which number 
 adding i, we get xiii. Kal., its name in the Fasti. Columella (xi. 2) 
 and Fast. Venus, give the same date. — Coepit, etc. The site and date 
 of this temple are alike unknown. The Fast. Amit. and Exquil. 
 agree with Ovid as to the day of dedication. 
 
 729-732. Dedication of temple of Summanus. This temple, Pliny 
 tells us (xxix. 4), was near that of Juventas, and the Fast. Amit. 
 Exquil. and Venus, have all on this day summan. ad ciec. max.— 
 niirus, i. e. Aurora. — quisqids is est. This god, of whose exact cha- 
 .racter Ovid professes his ignorance, is by Varro (L, L. v. 74) placed 
 among those to whom the Sabine Tatius raised altars. He is gene- 
 rally regarded as an Etruscan deity : see Mythol. p. 530. Merkel 
 (p. ccviii) thinks that he was viewed as one of the Dii Inferi, who, 
 in the usual propitiatory way, were called aqidlii, not nigri: and that 
 instead of Nodurnus, his proper appellation, he was named Submanus, 
 from mane. 
 
 733-762. Evening-rising of Ophiuchus, thestellarised Aesculapius : 
 for the following mythic events, see Mythol. pp. 393, 422, 458. — 
 Ha7ic (sc. Auroram, v. 729), etc., i. e. in the evening. Merkel, how- 
 ever, says (p. Ixxiii), " mane a. d. xi. Kal. Jul. non occidentem, ut 
 Clodius, sed surgentem facit." — patriis. As she was one of the 
 Nereides. — telis, etc. : comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 649. — 746. Coronides. 
 Aesculapius, the son of Coronis. — 755. Liicus, etc. : see on iii. 263. 
 — Clymejius, izXvjxivoq, a title of Pluto. — quod vetat, i. e. to raise the 
 dead. 
 
 76-3-768. Defeat of the Romans at the Trasimene lake : see Hist, 
 of Rome, p. 205. — Si vetet, etc. The defeat of Flaminius was 
 ascribed to his neglect of the auspices. 
 
 769, 770. Defeat of Syphax and Hasdrubal : see Hist, of Rome, 
 L 4 
 
224 NOTES ON THE EASTI. 
 
 p. 246. — swperat, i. q. swpcrav'it : see Horace, Excurs. I. — su'is, i. q. 
 ejus, Masinhsae. 
 
 771-784. Dedication of temple of Fors Fortuna. This temple, 
 which was built by Servius Tulliijs, was on the further bank of the 
 Tiber. Secundum Tiberin extra urbem Romam, Varro, L. L. vi. 1 7. 
 Fors Fortuna est, cujiis diemfeslum colunt, qui sine arte aliqua vivunt ; 
 hujus aedes trans Tiberim est, Donat. on Ter. Phorm. v. 6, 1. — Fortis. 
 Fors, like sors, mens, and other words of the kind, is a contraction 
 of the original nom. fortis, u(\. bonus. "Fors fortuna, i. e. bona, 
 oventus fortunae bonus, ut veteres explicant, et fortis familial' 
 Lobeck, Aglaoph. p. 1084. Dionysius (iv. 27) and Plutarch (De 
 Fort. Horn. 3), both mistaking the sense of the word, call the god- 
 dess Tirx»? 'AvSptia, or 'iffxvpa, or 'ApiaTtvTiKy. — propinqua, sc. 
 Urbi. 
 
 785-790. Rising of the centre or Belt of Orion. The summer 
 Solstice. From the words of the poet it seems plain that it is an 
 evening-rising of Orion's belt that he means ; yet Aetius says, 
 Mrjvl Ti^ avT<p ke (xxv.) 'Qpidjv euloQ ttp;(;6rat dvaTsXKsiv' tlnl Si 
 TfOTral dtpivai. 
 
 791-794. Dedication of chapel of the Lares and temple of Jupiter 
 Stator. Both of these edifices were on the Summa Sacra Via, i. e. 
 its highest point, where the arch of Titus stands. The first was re- 
 built by Augustus (Mon. Ancyr. 1), the second had been built by 
 Romulus (Liv. i. 12). — ubifit, etc. The women who wove garlands 
 had, as appears from this place, their shops or stalls on the Summa 
 Sacra Via. The fruiterers were also there : see A. A. ii. 265 ; Varro, 
 R. R. i. 2. — Ante, etc. At the arch of Titus is a way leading up to 
 the Palatine (to S. Bonaventura and the Villa Mills), which, like 
 others of the kind, represents the ancient way. At the opening of 
 this, on the Sacra Via, was the Porta Mugionis, and close by it the 
 temple of Jupiter Stator : see Tr. iii. 1, 31 ; Dionys. ii. 50 ; Liv. 
 i. 47. 
 
 795-796. Dedication of temple of Quirinus. This appears to be the 
 temple which, being vowed by his father the dictator, was built and 
 dedicated by the consul L. Papirius Cursor, at the termination of 
 the Samnite war, A. U. 459 : Liv. x. 46 ; Plin. vii. 60. Its site is 
 not known. — trabeae tiiae, i. e. tibi trubeate. 
 
 797-812. Dedication of temple of Hercules Musarum. This tem- 
 ple, which was near the Flaminian Circus, and close by the Porticus 
 Octaviae, was built by M. Fulvius Nobilior, who placed in it the 
 statues of the Muses, which he had taken from Ambracia in the M'ar 
 against the Aetolians : see PUn. xxxv. 36. Various reasons are 
 
BOOK VI. 771-812. 225 
 
 assigned for this union of Hercules and the Muses, but the simple one 
 seems to be, that Fulviushad also brought away a statue of Hercules 
 playing on the lyre ; and he wished to place these works of art all 
 together. This temple was repaired, and a portico added to it by 
 M. Marcius Philippus, in the time of Augustus : Suet. Oct. 29 ; 
 Mart. V. 4:9.— Marcia. The wife of Fabius Maximus, one of our 
 poet's most powerful friends, and with whom he was connected by 
 marriage : see Ex Pont. i. 2, 138 ; iii. 1, 75 ; Tac. Ann. i. 5. — 808. 
 Laudamus, etc., i. e. we the Muses commend, etc., ex. gr. r]VKO].ioQ, 
 \tvK.ui\tvoq, KaWiaipvgoQ, and other epithets used by the poets. — 
 Nupta, etc. From this place we learn that Marcius Philippus, the 
 repairer of that temple, had been married to the aunt of Augustus. 
 Another Marcius Philippus had married his mother Atia : see Suet. 
 Oct. 8 ; Cic. ad Att. xv. 12. — increpuit, etc. As the statue repre- 
 sented him playing on the lyre. 
 
226 EXCURSUS I. 
 
 EXCURSUS L 
 
 Temple of Janus. 
 
 Cum tot sint Jani, cur stas sacratvs in uno. 
 
 Hie uhi juncta foris templa duobus habes? — i. 257. 
 
 This is evidently the celebrated temple of Janus Geininus, or Janus 
 Quirinus, called also Porta Janualis (Varr. L. L. v. 165), which was 
 open in time of war, shut in time of peace {v. 211). Ovid here 
 says that it lay between two of the Fora of Rome ; and from the 
 narrative it is plain that one of them was the Forum Romanum. 
 Livy says (i. 19) that it was ad infimum Argiletum, which Servius 
 tells us (Aen. vii. 607) was juxta theatrum Marcelli, i. e. outside of 
 the Carmental Gate, and so not even within the walls of the city. 
 Again, Macrobius (i. 9), when relating the legend in the text, says, 
 portavi quae sub radicibus coUis Vimiyialis erat, quae postea ex eventu 
 Janualis vocata est. We have thus three different sites given for 
 the temple of Janus, and as Ovid could not be mistaken any more 
 than Livy, the whole question turns on the site of the place named 
 Argiletum. 
 
 From various places in Martial (see i. 3, 1 ; 117, 8) it appears 
 that his bookseller lived in the Argiletum. His shop, he says, was 
 contra Caesaris forum, and (i. 2, 8) Limina post Pads Palladiumque 
 forum. By Pads here is evidently meant the Templum Pacis, or 
 Forum of Vespasian ; and by the Palladium Forum, that of Nerva, be- 
 gun by Domitian, in which there was a temple of Minerva. This also 
 is the Caesaris Forum, which name was nevei', as some fancy, given 
 to the Forum Julium. Further, the same poet (ii. 17) makes the 
 Argiletum extend to the fauces or entrance of the Subura, which 
 was the valley between the Carinae and the Quirinal and Viminal 
 hills; and as the Argiletum joined it and those Fora, and also, as ap- 
 pears from Livy and Ovid, approached the Roman Forum, it must 
 have been the space between the southern point of the Quirinal and 
 that Forum, in which space all the imperial Fora, except that of 
 Trajan, were built ; and in Martial's time the name may have been 
 restricted to the space between these Fora and the Quirinal. By 
 
EXCUESUS I. 227 
 
 infimum Argiletum, Livy must have meant its lowest most southern 
 part as one went from the Subura to the Forum. Servius there- 
 fore, who was not personally acquainted with Rome, fell into error 
 in consequence of there being a temple of Janus built by Duilius, 
 and repaired by Tiberius (Tac. Ann. ii. 49), near the theatre 
 of Marcellus. In his time, also, the name Argiletum had gone out 
 of use ; so that he probably did not know where it had been. The 
 origin of this name, bj^ the way, was very uncertain. The usual 
 derivation was that in Virgil (Aen. viii. 345), Argiletum; but some 
 derived it from argilla. Of these, the first is, of course, inadmissi- 
 ble ; and against the other may be urged that there does not appear 
 to have been argilla in that place, at least not more than elsewhere, 
 and that the termination etum is properly used only of plants, as 
 quercetiim, vinetum,fruticetum, etc. 
 
 There only then remains to be considered, the site given to the 
 temple of Janus by Macrobius. This, however, must be at once 
 rejected, as it is at variance with all the other accounts. Perhaps, 
 indeed, he wrote Quirinalis instead of Viminalis. 
 
 By the second Forum, Ovid undoubtedly meant the Forum 
 Julium, which, as Becker has we think demonstrated (Handbuch, i. 
 362, seq.),\&Y between that of Augustus and the Forum Romanum ; 
 the probable site of the temple of Janus was between the Basilica 
 Aemilia and the arch of Severus, at the modern church of S. Adriano. 
 Another name for this place, according to Varro (L. L. v. 156), was 
 Lautolae, a lavando, quod ibi adJanum Geminum aquae caldaefue- 
 runt. From this the critics infer that Lautolae, which is only used 
 of this place, and of the pass at Teri-acina, denotes hot springs ; but 
 Ovid, in this part of the Fasti, and still more clearly in Met. xiv. 
 785, seq., makes the heating of the water to have been supernatural. 
 As there is a spring in the adjacent Career, and the entrance into the 
 Forum Augusti is, at the present day, named Arco del Pantano, we 
 may infer that in ancient times there were springs in that locality. 
 
 From Ovid's descriptions of this Janus, one might suppose that 
 it was one of the gates of the Romulian town. But that it could not 
 have been, on account of the distance ; neither could it have been a 
 gate of the Arx on the Tarpeian hill, for the clivus led down to it. 
 In a medal of Augustus the temple of Janus appears to be a square 
 or oblong building with folding-doors, exactly like those of a house, 
 at the right side, and not in the centre. Procopius (De Bell. Goth. 
 i. 25) describes the temple of Janus in his own time, as being square, 
 and covered with copper, and containing a statue of the god five feet 
 high. It had doors at each end, also covered with copper. 
 
 l6 
 
228 EXCURSUS II. 
 
 EXCURSUS II. 
 
 Pontiffs, Rex Sacrorum, Flamens. 
 
 Jta Rex placare Sacrorum 
 Numina laidgerae conjuge debet ovis. — i. 333. 
 
 Among no people was what is called the union between Church 
 and State, that is, of ecclesiastical and civil affairs, so close as among 
 the Romans. All religious ordinances and regulations proceeded 
 from the Senate, to whom all the ministers of religion were sub- 
 ordinate. ' As, however, this body could not give the constant 
 attention that was requisite to the affairs of religion, there was, be- 
 side the Flamens, or priests of particular deities, a college or board 
 with a {^resident, named Pontifices, to whom the general super- 
 intendence of the religion of the state was committed. 
 
 Like almost every thing connected with religion, the institution 
 of the Pontificate was ascribed to the mythic Numa, which only 
 means that it had existed at Rome, time out of mind,. — was, in fact, 
 coeval with the state. The name Pontifex, Varro (L. L. v. 83) 
 derives from pontem facere : Nam (says he) ab Us sublicius (pons) 
 est Jactus primum, itt restitiitus saepe, cum in eo sacra et uls et cis 
 Tibenm non mediocii ritu fiunt. But, at the same time, he informs us 
 that Q. Scaevola, the Pontifex Maximus, had derived it from jmsse 
 facere, as ifit was^o/j/ej7; and Scaevola must, we may suppose, have 
 had good reason for rejecting an etymon so very obvious, and yet 
 so untrue, as that of Varro. A new and not improbable one has 
 been proposed by Gottling (Rom. Statverf. p. 173) ; namely, that it 
 was originally pompifex, indicative of the direction of religious cere- 
 monies, of which the ponqjs, or processions, were a prominent part. 
 The difference in orthogi'aphy would then be like that in Pomptina 
 or Pontina palus. 
 
 The college, or board of Pontiffs, originally consisted of five mem- 
 bers ; namelj^ the Pontifex Maximus, or president, and four minor pon- 
 tiffs, probably two for each of the two principal ancient patrician tribes, 
 the Ramnes and Titienses; but in A. U.452 the plebeians succeeded 
 in gaining admission into this college also, and the number of mem- 
 bers was increased to nine. Like the other ministers of religion, 
 the pontiffs held their office for life : when a member of the college 
 died, the remaining members co-opted or chose his successor. On 
 the death of the Pontifex Maximus the college was first completed 
 
EXCURSUS II. 229 
 
 in the usual manner, and then his successor was chosen from among 
 the members (see Liv, xxxix.46 ; xl. 42). This, however, was only 
 preliminary, for the election was to be confirmed by the Comitia 
 Curiata (Dionys. ii. 22 ; Liv. xxv. 3). 
 
 The pontiffs had the direction of all sacred rites and ceremonies, 
 both public and private. They had books of ancient origin (libri 
 Pontificii) containing the Indigitamenta, i. e. the names of the gods 
 and mode of worshiping them, and the legal forms. They also 
 had the keeping of the Kalondar, and the charge of intercalating the 
 year (see Introd. § 4). They summoned and presided in the Comi- 
 tia Curiata for the inauguration of priests, the making of wills, 
 changes of families, adoptions, etc. They exercised criminal justice 
 over the Vestals who broke their vows, and their companions in 
 guilt. 
 
 The Pontifex Maximus dwelt in the Regia (said to have been the 
 abode of Numa), close by the temple of Vesta. It was necessary 
 that he should have borne curule offices. He had the right to 
 select the Vestals and the Flamens, and in devotions and consecra- 
 tions it was his duty to pronounce the solemn words. It was, finally, 
 a part of his office to act as historiographer of the state, by keeping 
 the Annales Maximi, in which were inserted the names of the ma- 
 gistrates of each year, and the principal political events, with a 
 notice of such portents and prodigies as had occurred. 
 
 The Rex Sacrorum, or Rex Sacrificus, or Sacrificulus, as he was 
 variously named, was another minister of religion, not attached to 
 the service of any particular deity. During the regal period there 
 were, it is said, some public sacred rites, which could only be per- 
 formed by the king in person ; and, as after the abolition of royalty, 
 it was deemed necessary to retain the title of Rex for this purpose, 
 this office was instituted. The dwelling {Doinus) of the Rex was 
 at the top of the Sacra Via, probably one of the houses of the kings 
 (Becker, i. 22Q, seq.). His wife was named Regina, and on the 
 Kalends of each month she was to oflTer a sacrifice at her house 
 (see on i. 53). Like the other priests, the Rex was under the au- 
 thority of the Pontifex Maximus. Moreover, he could hold no 
 office in the state (Liv. xl. 42). He possessed his dignity for life, 
 and he had the first place in the Ordo Sacerdotum. 
 
 The word Flamen answers to the Greek h^ivq, priest. It is of 
 uncertain origin, but is usually supposed to be i. q. Filamen, and to 
 be derived afilo : quod in Latio capita velato erant semper ac caput 
 cinctum habebantjilo, Varr. L. L. v. 84. In the classic authors we 
 meet with the names of fifteen Flamens, viz. : Dialis, Martialis, 
 
230 EXCURSUS II. 
 
 Quirinalis, Furinalis, Volcanalis, Palatualis, Carmentalis, Falacer, 
 Volturnalis, Floralis, Ponionalis. Of these, the three first were 
 named Majores, and were patricians; the remainder were called 
 Minores, and were plebeians. The Flamen Pomoaalis was the lowest 
 in rank. 
 
 The Flamen Dialis, or priest of Jupiter, ranked immediately 
 after the Rex Sacrorum. His place was one of high dignity ; he 
 was by office a member of the senate, and had the right of using 
 the curule chair. His house, named the Flaminia, stood on the 
 Sacra Via ; and if any person in bonds entered it, he was fi'eed from 
 them, and they were thrown into the street. The paternal autho- 
 rity over him ceased on his appointment to office, and when giving 
 testimony before the praetor he was not required to take an oath. 
 At the same time he M'as subject to various restraints and peculiar 
 usages. Thus he might not mount a horse, or behold an army, or 
 touch a corpse ; he was not to touch, or even name, a she-goat, raw 
 flesh, ivy, or beans ; the clippings of his hair, and the parings of his 
 nails, were to be buried under a fruit-tree ; his marriage, vyhich 
 was performed in the solemn way named confarreatio, was indisso- 
 luble, and if his wife died, he had to lay down his office : see Gell. 
 X. 15. 
 
 The wife of the Flamen Dialis was called Flaminica. She aided 
 in certain religious offices, and had also some peculiarities of dress 
 and usage. Thus, she was not to comb her hair or cut her nails 
 during the time of visiting the Argei or of cleaning out the temple 
 of Vesta : see vi. 226 ; Gell. ut sup. 
 
 The distinguishing mark of the Flamens was their hat or cap, 
 named Apex, Galerus, and Tutulus, which Suetonius (ap. Serv. Aen. 
 ii. 683) thus distinguished ; Apicem, j}ileu77i sutile, circa medium virga 
 eminente ; tutulum, pileum lanatum metae figura ; galerum, pileum 
 ex pelle hostiae caesae. Varro says {ap. Gell. x. 15) that it was only 
 the Flamen Dialis that Mas privileged to wear a white galerus. 
 He was always obliged, when in the open air, to wear his sacerdotal 
 hat. 
 
 The Ordo Sacerdotum, at solemn banquets for example, was : Rex, 
 Flamen Dialis, Martialis, Quirinalis, Pontifex Maximus (Fest. s. v.) ; 
 the rest are not noticed. 
 
 From the earliest times, certain portions of the national lands 
 were assigned for the support of the various sacerdotal colleges, 
 the temples, etc. By these means they came to be very lucrative 
 offices. We find Caesar bribing enormously when seeking that of 
 Pontifex Maximus (Hist, of Rome, p. 389); and among the objects 
 
EXCURSUS III. 231 
 
 of desire held out by Caiilina to liis profligate associates were the 
 sacerdotia, Sail. Cat. 21. 
 
 EXCUESUS III. 
 
 Sacred Fraternities. 
 
 Tertia post Idus nudos Aurora Lupercos 
 
 Aspicit, et Fauni sacra bicornis eunt. — ii. 267. 
 
 Beside the priesthoods the Romans had sacred colleges, or frater- 
 nities, instituted for the performance of peculiar rites, the object of 
 which was the averting of evil from the state, and obtaining for it 
 the divine favour. These were the Luperci, the Salii, and the 
 Fratres Arvales. 
 
 The Luperci were a certain number of young men, of good 
 families, divided into two bodies named Fabiani and Quintiliani, 
 from the names of their original leaders, it is said, which seems to 
 mean that originally they were restricted to two of the patrician 
 geiites ; and as mo know that the Fabii were Sabines, we maj' perhaps 
 assume that the Quintilii were Romans, and thus see in them 
 another proof of the double nature of the institutions of ancient 
 Rome. On the xv. Kal. Mart., i. e. the first day after the middle 
 of February, they met at the Lupercal, on the east side of the 
 Palatine (by San Teodoro), i. e. the cave of the wolf that had 
 reared the Founders of Rome, and there offered goats and dogs 
 in sacrifice. Two boys of good family being brought to them, they 
 smeared their foreheads with the bloody knife, and the blood was 
 then immediately washed away with a piece of wool moistened with 
 milk, after which the boys were required to laugh. The Luperci 
 then cutting the skins of the goats into thongs, and throwing off all 
 their clothes but the half-tunic named cinctus (v. 101), ran about the 
 streets, striking with the thongs every one whom they met. Wo- 
 men, who wished to have children, threw themselves in their way 
 on purpose, as the stroke of the thong was supposed to cause fe- 
 cundity. 
 
 The origin of the name Lupercus is doubtful. In the Roman 
 theology a male deity, with his accompanying female of this name, 
 was recognised ; and the derivation from lupus and arceo seems a 
 
232 EXCURSUS III. 
 
 natural one. Their office would then be that of protectors of the 
 tiocks from wolves, and then from all other evils. After the city 
 hiid grown in magnitude, and consequently had no cattle within its 
 circuit, the old custom of running about still remaining, its fecun- 
 dating effects may have been supposed to extend to human beings. 
 This rite was held to be of a purifying nature ; the Lupercalia was 
 called dies februatus, and the women that were struck with the 
 thongs were said /eirwan (Paul. Diac. v. Februarius), and the thong 
 itself was na.mGd februus (Serv. Aen. viii. 343). 
 
 A still more celebrated society was that of the Salii, i. e. Dancers. 
 Of these there were two colleges, each consisting of twelve members : 
 the one ascribed to Numa, and called Palatini ; the other to Tullus 
 Hostilius, named Agonenses, Agonales, and Collini ; the former 
 from the Palatine, the latter from the Quirinal hill, on which they 
 had their respective chapels. In these, again, we may discern the 
 Roman system of duality. 
 
 The dress of the Salii was a short red tunic, girt round with a 
 broad brass belt, over which they wore an embroidered trabea, with 
 a brazen apex, like that of the Flamens. Each Salian had an esquire 
 or attendant. The ancile was hung from his neck by a thong, and, 
 when performing the sacred dance, he beat on it with a small sword 
 or dagger ; when done, he delivered it to his attendant, to carry. 
 The Salii, when dancing, sang sacred hymns called Assamenta, or 
 Axamenta, of which Numa was said to have been the author, but 
 which in course of time became unintelligible to even the Salians 
 themselves (Varro, L. L. vii. 2). They seem to have contained the 
 names of all the deities anciently worshiped at Rome (Macrob. i. 
 12), and Mamurius was probably only a name for Mars, their patron- 
 god ; for it is almost solely the Palatini of which we hear any thing. 
 The Collini, however, or Salii of Quirinus, also had ancilia (Li v. v. 
 52), and probably, therefore, performed the same dances as the 
 others. 
 
 When we recollect that these dances took place in March, the 
 first month of the ancient year, and the beginning of the spring, we 
 may see that the object of the Salian dancing was the same as that 
 of the Lupercan running, the obtaining of the celestial favour for 
 the Roman people and their property. 
 
 The Arval brothers were also a college of twelve. They were 
 said to represent the twelve sons of Acca Larentia, on the death of 
 one of whom Romulus took his place, out of affection to his foster- 
 mother (Gell. vi. 7). Each year, on the Ides of May, they made a 
 progress crowned with ears of corn, and wearing white fillets, round . 
 
EXCURSUS IV. 233 
 
 the ancient boundary of the Roman territory, praying to the gods, 
 especially to Mars, to spare the lands of the Romans. 
 
 In these three sacred fraternities then we may recognise a com- 
 mon object, the averting of the divine displeasure from the Roman 
 people and the fruits of their land. They all, as we may see, per- 
 formed their rites in the spring ; and in the numbers of the two last, 
 and perhaps that of the first, there may have been a reference to 
 that of the months in the year. It is only in them, it may be ob- 
 served, that the number twelve occurs in Roman institutions of the 
 old time. 
 
 EXCURSUS IV. 
 
 ROMAN IDEAS ON THE STATE OF THE DEAD. 
 
 Est honor et tumulis : animas placate paternas. — ii. 333. 
 
 In consequence of the early adoption of Grecian ideas in the 
 Latin literature, it has become in all cases difficult, in many impos- 
 sible, to ascertain what the original ideas of the Romans were on 
 religion, and the subjects connected with it. In none is that more 
 felt than in the present subject of inquiry — their notions on the abode 
 and condition of the souls of the departed ; for, like every other 
 people, they firmly believed in a future existence. 
 
 The idea of guardian spirits was a prominent feature in the Roman 
 religion. Each man at the moment of his birth had a celestial spirit, 
 named Genius, each woman a Juno, assigned as a guardian. At 
 death the Genius left him, and returned to his original abode ; and 
 the soul of the man at the same time abandoned its companion, the 
 body. Whither it went, is the question. We then, when we free 
 ourselves from Grecian ideas, see no reason to suppose that the old 
 Romans believed in the existence of a region within the earth, the 
 Erebus of the Greeks, the Sheol of the Hebrews, as the abode of 
 the dead. Their Orcus (see on Hor. Ep. ii. 2, 178) was Death, 
 not the Hades of Greece ; and there do not appear to be any suffi- 
 cient grounds for thinking that they believed in rewards and punish- 
 ments in a future state. The words inferus, infernus, only signified 
 low, under, in position, as opposed to what was higher. Thus the 
 Tyrrhene sea was called Mare infermn or infernum, as opposed to 
 the Adriatic on the East ; and Limen superimi inferumque (Plaut. 
 Merc. V. 1, 1) are the lintel and the threshold of the door. Hence 
 
234 EXCURSUS IV. 
 
 when we read of Dii Inferi, we may only regard them as opposed 
 to the Dii Superi, and not infer at once that they belong to an 
 under-world. In like manner, the Latin word deus, divus seems 
 like our spirit, ghost, properly to denote an invisible intelligence, 
 and not a material being like the Greek 0fO£. Hence we think that 
 the right view of that transference of the Grecian idea of the origin 
 of heroes to Italy, the birth of Romulus' and Remus, is that given 
 by Ovid (iii. 17, seq.), in which the god is invisible. 
 
 The usual name for the souls of the departed is, Dii Manes, i. e. 
 Good Spirits ; for though vianis does not occur except in this ex- 
 pression, its meaning is very clearly intimated by its compound 
 ivimanis. Hence the D. M. so constantly met with on tombs. It is 
 very remarkable, that the soul of man and woman alike became a 
 deus, there being no distinction of sexes in the Dii Manes. Thus 
 Cornelia, writing to her son C. Gracchus (Nepos, fr.), says, Ubi 
 viortua cro, 2mrentabis mihi et invocabis deum parentem. The usual 
 expression for even the single spirit, we may observe, is Dii Manes, 
 without any distinction of sex : see Aug. de Civ. Dei, viii. 26 ; ix. 
 11. The abode of the Manes is, perhaps, given in this place of 
 Servius (Aen. iii. G3) : Alii Manes a manando dictos intelligunt, 
 nam manibus plena sunt loca inter lunarem et terrenum circulum, unde 
 et dejluunt. According to Apuleius {ap. Serv. ut sup.), another 
 name, co-extensive, it would appear, with Dii Manes, was Lemures, 
 which, he says, cum domos incursionibus infestarent. Larvae appella- 
 bantur ; contra si aequi et faventes essent. Lares Faniiliares. We do 
 not, however, think that this extensive sense of the word is borne 
 out by general usage. The Lemures seem to us rather to be what 
 we term disturbed sinrits, who haunted in the night the place of their 
 abode when in the flesh. This is evidently the view given of them 
 by our poet (v. 'ill, seq.), where he terms them taciti Manes, Manes 
 jjaterni (v. 443), and animas silentum (v. 483), without any hint of 
 their being malignant ; and we have seen nothing adverse to it else- 
 where. The same writer elsewhere gives the following definition 
 of the Larvae, in which the ideas, however, do not appear to us to 
 be all genuine Roman : qui vero ob adversa vitae merita, nullis 
 bonis sedibus, incerta vagatione, ecu quodam exilio punitur, inane terri- 
 culamentum bonis hominibus, ceterum noxium malis ; id genus plerique 
 Larvas perhibent. From Plautus, who frequently mentions the 
 Larvae, it would appear that, like the Daemons in the Gospels, they 
 were a kind of evil spirits, that possessed people, and rendered them 
 insane. Thus (Amph. ii. 2, 133) when Sosia is asserting the mad- 
 ness of Alcumena, he says, larvarum plena est : comp. Aul. iv. 4, 15 ; 
 
EXCURSUS IV. 235 
 
 Capt. iii. 4, 66. We do not find it stated bj' any one but Apuleius 
 that the Larva was what we call a ghost. 
 
 A much more general and better known term was Lar. This 
 word is said to have been Tuscan, and to answer to our word Lord, 
 to which it has a curious but merely accidental resemblance. That 
 the Lares were the same beings as the Dii Manes, Dii Liferi, is a 
 point about which there can be, we believe, no question. Their 
 name seems to have been given them to denote their protecting 
 power ; for it was evidently in the light of guardian-spirits that 
 they were viewed, differing as it would appear in this from the 
 Genii, that while the latter had only charge of the individual man, 
 the former had the care of families, properties, etc., and also of 
 various individuals united, or in succession. Hence, beside the 
 Lares Familiares, there were the Lares Viales, whose protection 
 men sought when setting out on a journey (Plaut. Merc. v. 2, 24) ; 
 the Lares Rurales, who extended their care over the country ; the 
 Lares Marini or Permarini, who gave protection at sea (Li v. xl. 32). 
 Of the Lares Praestites we shall presently speak. 
 
 The domestic Lars are spoken of sometimes in the singular, 
 sometimes in the plural number. It seems to us that this arose 
 from the custom of the Romans of using the plural for the singular, 
 which, nourished by the poets, was continually on the increase, and 
 attained its height in Ovid. There was in fact, as it would appear, 
 only the one Lar Familiaris, whose statue, clad in a tightly-girt toga 
 (ii. 634), stood at the focus or fire-place in the Atrium, and which 
 used to be crowned with garlands of flowers, and have offerings 
 from the food at the table set before it ; for in the old time the 
 family took their meals in the Atrium : see on Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 56, 
 where, by the way, as the place of Ovid just cited shows, we were 
 disposed to restrict the sense of libo too much. Cato and Plautus, 
 the two oldest Latin writers whom we possess, both use the word 
 only in the singular, one single place in the latter (Rud. iv. 3, 17) 
 excepted, where, however, Weise his late editor, on other grounds, 
 suspects the whole scene to be supposititious. Cato (R. R. 2) says, 
 Paterfamilias ubi ad villam venit, ubi harem Familiarem salutavit, etc. ; 
 and again, in his directions to the villica (c. 143), he says, Ealendis, 
 Idibus, Nonis . . . coronam in focum indat ; per eosdemque dies Lari 
 Faviiliari supplicet. In Cato's days, therefore, it would seem that 
 there was only one Lar in the Atrium, at least, in that of the villa. 
 At a much later period Columella, when treating of the duty of the 
 villicus, says (xi. 2), consuescat rusticos circa larem domini focumque 
 familiarem semper epulari. In the prologue to the Aulularia of 
 
236 EXCURSUS IV. 
 
 Plautus, the Lar speaks throughout as if he alone had charge of 
 the house and family. It may however be said that the family was 
 poor, and so may have had but one Lar ; but then in the Miles, 
 when (iv. 8, 29) Palaestrio is leaving the house of a rich man, she 
 says, Etinm nunc saluto te, Lar familiaris, prhisquam eo ; in the 
 Trinumus (i. 2, 1), Callicles, a wealthy man, says, harem corona 
 nostrum decorari volo ; and, in the Mercator, Charinus, the son of a 
 wealthy man, says, Di Penates meum pare7itum, familiai Lar fater, 
 where we may observe that the Di Penates and the Lar are men- 
 tioned together, exactly as they are by Virgil (Aen. viii. 543 ; ix. 
 2o9}, who never uses the plural of Lar. Catullus also says (31, 9), 
 ac peregrino Lahore fessi venimus larem ad nostrum. Horace always 
 uses the singular, except in three places (Carm. iii. 23, 4 ; Epod. 2, 
 60 ; Sat. i. 3, 63) ; and even Ovid rarely uses the plural. The 
 strongest place in favour of the plural is TibuU. i. 10, 13, seq. ; yet 
 even from that, when well considered, it might appear that, in the 
 old time at least, there was only the one family Lar. When the 
 word is used for the house, it is almost always in the singular. 
 
 Such then are the proofs of there being only a single Lar Fami- 
 liaris in each family. This Lar seems to have been the spirit of the 
 Eponymus, or supposed founder of the family. Thus the Lar in 
 the Aulularia speaks of three generations of the family, of which he 
 had charge, and lets us suppose that he had seen many preceding 
 ones ; and in Virgil (/. c.) the Lar of Aeneas is called the Lar of 
 Assaracus, his grandfather. It is said, indeed (Hertzberg, p. 27), 
 that this was only the principal Lar, and that while his statue stood 
 at the hearth, those of his descendants were kept in a press (scri- 
 nium, Id. p. 16) named Lararium, which was opened only on holi- 
 days. The Lararium, however, as described by Lampridius, in 
 whom alone (Vit, Alex. Sev. 29 and 31) we meet the word, was a 
 room, forming a kind of private chapel or oratoi'y. The following 
 rather obscure place in Propertius (iv. 4, 33), rarisque adsueta Ka- 
 lendis Fix apent clausos una puella Lares, might, however, seem to 
 intimate something of the kind ; and we are told (Suet. Vit. 2) of 
 the father of the emperor Vitellius, that Narcissi quoque et Pallantis 
 imagines aureas inter Lares coluit. But a great change seems to have 
 been made during the empire, and we have elsewhere expressed 
 our opinion that the focus and its Lar had at that time ceased to 
 appear in the Atria at Rome. 
 
 Equally celebrated with the family Lars vfere the public ones, 
 named Lares Praestites (v. 129), or guardians of the state. These 
 were two in number, with the attributes which our poet (/. c.) has 
 
EXCURSUS IV. 237 
 
 described. Their aedes or rather sacellum was on the Summa Sacra 
 Via ; but there were also in all the compita of the city little wooden 
 chapels of them, in which their images were twice a year crowned 
 with flowers (Suet. Oct. 31), and a festival named the Compitalia 
 was held in their honour. 
 
 In antiquity the family and the state mutually represented each 
 other. As therefore no house was without its Lar, we should 
 naturally expect to find a public Lar ; but again, when we recollect 
 the double origin of the Roman state, we might expect to find a 
 pair of guardian jiowers ; and so it is precisely, if these are such. 
 Moreover, as the family Lar represented the Eponymus of the 
 family, so we may suppose these to be Romulus and Remus, or, as 
 seems to iis more probable, Romulus and Quirinus, the Eponymi of 
 the Roman and Sabine parts of the state. Further, the place of the 
 Lar was in the house of the 'paterfamilias and near the focus ; and the 
 chapel of these Lars was at the top of the Sacra Via, where were 
 the houses of the kings (Liv. i. 41 ; Solin. i. 23, 24), and under 
 which stood the temple of Vesta, the focus of the state. As the 
 Lar of the villa must have been the same with that of the house at 
 Rome, so the Lares Compitales were only repetitions of those on 
 the Sacra Via. Finally, as the offering to the family Lar was 
 usually made by the slaves of the house (see on vi. 306), so the 
 Vicorum Magistri, to whom Augustus committed the worship of the 
 Lares Compitales, were Libertini : see Ascon. on Cic. in Pis. 4. 
 Sch. Hor. Sat. ii. 3,281. 
 
 If the preceding views are correct, we may discern in the genuine 
 ancient religious system of the Romans, a system of a very spiritual 
 character. Spirits were regarded as in a continued course of ascent 
 and descent to and from the su[)ernal regions of space, as deaths and 
 births took place on the surface of earth. At each death also, the 
 numerous society of the spirits of the departed, who hovered over 
 the earth or higher in the air, received a new member, and, mindful 
 of their previous abode in the flesh, they exercised a protecting 
 care over their successors in life. We have already stated that we 
 have seen no proofs of a belief in the rewards and punishments of a 
 future state among the ancient Romans. This ignorance they seem 
 to have shared with the ancient world in general ; the time when it 
 should be removed not having yet arrived. 
 
 It will be seen that we have assigned four days (xii-ix, Kal.) 
 to the Parentalia. The reason is, that the poet always speaks of 
 them in the plural. In v. 348 he calls them Parentales dies, v. 557 
 he intimates that thev were more than one, and v. 370 he terms the 
 
238 Excunsus v. 
 
 Feralia the last of them. As this last was ix. Kal. (see Kal. Maff. 
 and PVnes.) and is marked F., and as Macrobius tells us (i. 16) 
 that atris (i. e. nefastis) diebus non licwit parentare, and the three 
 preceding days are marked C, it seems to follow that the Parentalia 
 began immediatel}^ after the Quirinalia, which was N.P. thus, with the 
 Caristia, occupying the whole space between that festival and the 
 Terminalia. 
 
 In the mention of the Feralia or last day of the Parentalia by our 
 poet (ii. 567), there is a difficulty. That day, as we have seen, was 
 IX. Kal. Mart., which, reckoning inclusively of course, gives eight 
 days to the end of the month ; and it is not easy to see how that can 
 be the number of feet in a pentameter distich. To obviate this 
 difficulty, Merkel conjectures vices for pedes, and places it in his 
 text. He thus explains it (p. xli.) " i. e. vicissitudines spondei vel 
 dactyli pedis (quod glossema ascriptum fuit), quas distichon sexies, et 
 syllabae longae brevisve, quas praeterea bis admittit." By this, we 
 suppose, he means that in the hexameter verse two feet (the two 
 last) are constant, and four variable, and in the pentameter also, two 
 (the two last) are constant, and two variable, as also are the two 
 half feet (though one of them must be long), thus making a total of 
 eight variable feet. This is so very artificial, that we would sooner 
 suppose some error in the place. The MSS. are equally divided 
 between the readings p)^^^^ and dies, and it is not improbable that 
 the original M'ord may have been lost, and that these are only 
 attempts of the critics or copyists to supply its place : see on Hor. 
 Ep. ii. 2, 199. 
 
 On the subjects treated on in this Excursus, much information 
 will be found in Hertzberg's treatise De Diis Romanorum Patriis, 
 Halae, 1840. 
 
 EXCURSUS V. 
 
 VE IN COMPOSITION. 
 
 Kunc vocor ad nomen. Veg randia farra colonae, 
 
 Quae male creverunt, vescaque parva vacant. — iii. 445. 
 
 About the meaning of this inseparable particle ve, which occurs 
 only in a hmited number of words, there are, of course, differences 
 of opinion. It is generally supposed that its power is that of 
 
EXOUESUS VI. 239 
 
 diminishing, which accords with the sense of most of the compounds ; 
 but Becker (Gallus, p. 189) maintains that it is i. q. Trapd, and 
 signifies outside, beyond, and therefore may either increase or 
 diminish the sense of the word with which it is joined. Our own 
 opinion is, that it is simply negative. 
 
 The words in which we meet it are vecors, vesanus, vegrandis, 
 vchemens, vescus, vepallidiis, vestibulum, Vedjovis. In the first two 
 there can be no doubt that the sense is negative or diminishing. 
 Vegrandis, Becker says, is that which is of a larger size than usual. 
 Ovid, however, seems to say the very contrary ; and when Varro 
 (R. R. ii. 2) says of ewes, or rather of lambs, Jiunt vegrandes atque 
 imhecillae, he can hardly mean that they increase in size. Vescus is 
 usually supposed to be compounded of ve and esciis, and to signify, 
 small or consuming (see on Virg. Geor. iii, 175) ; but may it not be 
 composed of ve and sectis, i. q. secatus, and answer to dTO}.wQ, and 
 thus signify very small, indivisible as it were ? Vehemens was pro- 
 bably veviens, as it may be always pronounced in Plautus and others, 
 and must be in Horace, Ep. ii. 2, 120, and the same as aniens, demens, 
 whether the other part be the subst. jnens or an obsolete participle. 
 We have elsewhere (see on Hor. Sat. i. 2, 129) given it as our 
 opinion, that there is no such word as vepallidus. Vestibulum Becker, 
 we think justly, says comes from vestare, as prostibulinn from jyrostare, 
 and vestare'is ve-stare, i. e., according to him, to stand out or beyond 
 (the house) ; but may it not be i. q. ne-stare, and the vestibule be 
 the place where one was not to stand or remain ? 
 
 EXCURSUS VI. 
 
 The Argei. 
 
 Turn quoque piiscoriim virgo simulacra virorum 
 Mittere roboreo scirpea ponte solet. — v. 621. 
 
 On the Ides of May, certain sacrifices having been previously 
 performed, the Pontifices and the Vestals, followed by the Praetors 
 and by such of the citizens as were legally qualified, proceeded 
 (probably from the Regia) to the Sublician bridge, from which the 
 Vestals cast into the stream images of men, formed of rushes, and 
 
240 EXCUESUS VI. 
 
 named Argei: Dionys. i. 19 and 38 ; Varro, L. L. vii. 44 ; Paul. 
 Diac. V. Argei. There is a diflference in the numbers of these 
 Argei : Dionysius (i. 38) says it was 30, while Varro (/. c.) makes it 
 XXIV. or (in some MSS.) only xxiii. ; but that of Dionysius ap- 
 pears to have been at least the original number, as corresponding 
 with that of the curies in Rome. 
 
 Plutarch (Q. R. 86) terms this ceremony rbv pkyiarov twv 
 KaOaojAwv, and we think there can be no doubt of its being such, 
 and being symbolic in its nature. Rites of this kind, by which the 
 guilt of the community was, as it were, laid on individuals, were 
 common in antiquity. Such under the Mosaic law was the rite of 
 the Scapegoat, which bore the sins of the people away into the 
 wilderness (Levit. xvi.). At Athens, every year, in the month 
 Thargelion (answering to parts of Ma}^ and June), two men, or, as 
 some say, a man and a woman, w^ho had been kept in hold some time 
 previously for this purpose, were, like victims, led out of a gate of 
 the cit}^ adorned with fruits and flowers, and their bodies rubbed 
 with fragrant substances, to a rock (probably on the sea-shore), 
 and curses being pronounced on them, they were flung down from 
 it. They were always criminals who were selected for this pur- 
 pose, and they were termed (papfiaKoi : see Hesych. Suid. Harpocr. 
 6'. V. It is probable that the same means of preserving their lives 
 were adopted as we shall find at Leucas. This rite seems to have 
 been common to the Ionian race. It is said to have existed at 
 Pares and Miletus, and in the Phocaean colony at Massalia. Of 
 this last, Servius (Aen. iii. 57) tells us from Petronius, that Massi- 
 lienses qunties jyestilentia laborabant, unus se ex pauperibus offerebat, 
 alundus anno integro publicis ei purioribus cibis. Hie postea ornattis 
 verbenis et vestibus sacris circumdueebatur per totam civitalem cum 
 exsea'ationibus, ut in ipsum reciderent mala civitatis ; et sic (de rupe ?) 
 projiciebatiir. At Leucas in Acarnania, as Strabo informs us (x. 
 p. 694), it was an annual custom, on the festival of Apollo, to fling 
 from the rock, whence lovers used to leap, a criminal selected for 
 the purpose, with birds and wings attached to him, to break his fall. 
 Numerous small boats were waiting below, to pick him up and con- 
 vey him away beyond the limits of the country. The Roman rite, 
 we see, resembles these with the exception of the employment of 
 images, and instead of viewing in these, as has generally been done, 
 a substitution for the original human victims, we are inclined to 
 suppose the ceremony to have been symbolic from the very com- 
 mencement, in accordance with the mild spirit of the religion of 
 ancient Latium ; for, though in the historic period the Romans at 
 
EXCURSUS VII. 241 
 
 times offered human victims, it was done in conformity to foreign 
 religions, and not to that of Latium. 
 
 Burmann has the following' rather curious note on this place : 
 " Similem fere rituni Lipsiae a meretricibus celebratum scribit 
 Pfeiffer, Rerum Lipsiensium 1. iii. § 18, illas scilicet solitas olim 
 primis jejunii quadragenarii (LeJii) diebus imaginem stramineam 
 deformis viri, longa pertica suffixam, sequente omni meretricum 
 agmine, tulisse ad Pardam flumen, ibique, cum carminibus in palli- 
 dam mortem, praecipitasse ; dicentes se histrare urbem, ut sequeuti 
 anno a pestilentia esset immunis." Lobeck also says (Aglaoph. 
 p. 175), " Nostra adhuc memoria Thuringi vicani quotannis, cum 
 Mortem expelH dicerent, imaginem humanam viminibus contextam, 
 postquam in pompa traduxerant, in amnem abjiciebant." Not having 
 the Deutsche Mythologie of Grimm at hand, we cannot pursue 
 this subject further. 
 
 The origin of the word Argei (which has the penult vowel long, 
 contrary to the Latin usage) is quite uncertain ; but it may proba- 
 bly be connected with arceo. 
 
 The word jirgei or Argea occurs also in another connexion in 
 the Roman antiquities. They were a kind of chapels in different 
 parts of the city, at which each year, in the month of March (iii. 
 791), offerings were made by the Pontifices. Varro (L. L. v. 45) 
 gives their number as 27 ; but it is supposed, with reason, that he 
 omits three belonging to the Capitol, so that the real number was 
 thirty. Each of these may have furnished one of the rush-images 
 for the following rite in May, and hence perhaps the common name. 
 
 EXCURSUS VII. 
 
 Vesta, and the Vestals. 
 
 Vesta, fave ! tibi nunc o'perata resohimus ora. 
 Ad tua si nobis sacra venire licet. — vi. 249. 
 
 In ancient times, when families lived much together and houses 
 were small, their point of union was the fire, the only one in 
 the house, which burned in the apartment in which they prepared 
 and ate their meals, and transacted their household affairs. Such 
 
 M 
 
242 EXCURSUS VII. 
 
 are the manners portrayed in the Odyssey, and such we find them 
 among the Romans. This hearth, named by the Greeks tcrria 
 {focus), was supposed by them to be under the charge of a goddess 
 of the same name. The Latin form of this word is Vesta, who was 
 always regarded as a protecting goddess. We find mention of her 
 from the very dawn of Roman history ; but whether she belonged 
 to the ancient religion of the Latins or was adopted from the 
 Greeks, it is impossible now to determine. 
 
 In Grecian cities there was a common hall, named Prytaneum, 
 in which the members of the government had their meals, at the 
 expense of the state ; and here too was the taria, or public hearth, 
 with its fire, by which those meals were probably prepared. At 
 Rome, as the feelings of the people were of a more solemn and 
 reverential cast, a temple was appropriated to this fire, into which 
 none were permitted to enter but the sacred virgins, to whose care 
 it was committed. 
 
 This institution of Vestal Virgins was peculiar to the Romans in 
 antiquity. A single virgin was in Greece sometimes a priestess, 
 especially of the maiden-goddess Artemis, but she only remained 
 in office till she was of a marriageable age, while at Rome the office 
 was virtually for life. The nearest resemblance to the Roman in- 
 stitution, though with numerous differences, was that of the Virgins 
 of the Sun in the time of the Incas in Peru. 
 
 Like almost every thing else in religion, this institution was 
 ascribed to Numa. The original number of the Vestals was four, 
 two for each of the original Roman tribes ; but when the Luceres 
 were elevated to an equality with these, the number of Vestals was 
 raised to six, which it never exceeded ; the plebeians, it would seem, 
 never having coveted a share in this priesthood. The maiden to be 
 selected was not to be under six or o'ver ten years ; her father and 
 mother were both to be living. She was selected at first by the king, 
 afterwards by the Pontifex Maximus. He laid his hand on her, and 
 took her as it were captive (the proper term was capere), saying, 
 Sacerdotem Vestalem quae sacra facial quae jus siet sacerdotem Vesta- 
 lem facere pro pojndo Romano Quiritium uti quae optima lege fuat, ita 
 te, Amata, capio (Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. i. 12). By this act she be- 
 came completely freed from the paternal power. Her office lasted 
 for thirty years ; in the first ten of which she learned her duty ; in 
 the second she exercised it ; in the last she became the instructor 
 of others. At the expiration of this period she was at liberty to 
 resign her oflSce, go into the world, and marry; but of this few took 
 
EXCURSUS VII. 243 
 
 advantage, it being deemed unlucky to do so. Their duties con- 
 sisted in tending the sacred fire, and preserving the various relics 
 in the temple ; they prepared the mola salsa and the miiries, or 
 sacred salt that were used in religious offices ; they aided at the 
 throwing of the Argei into the Tiber, and were present at the secret 
 rites of the Bona Dea. 
 
 The Vestals enjoyed high honour and consideration. Far from 
 being confined like modern nuns, they went where they pleased 
 through the city. A lictor preceded the Vestal ; magistrates lowered 
 their fasces when they met her ; the criminal that caught her eyes 
 was free ; she was next in dignity to the Flamen Dialis, could not be 
 required to make oath, had a peculiar place at public spectacles, en- 
 joyed the privileges of the matron who had borne three children, 
 and she might make a will. Her garment was white, edged with 
 purple, and she wore an infula, or sacred bandeau on her head. 
 The Vestals were permitted to be buried within the city, behind 
 their temple. The eldest of them was termed Maxima. 
 
 When a Vestal neglected any of her duties, or committed any 
 minor offence, she was beaten with rods by the Pontifex Maximus, 
 who had the superintendence over the Vestals. But breach of chas- 
 tity (fwce^^Mm) being a crime of a deeper dye, and one that brings the 
 divine wrath on the state (see on iv. 157), was punished by death in 
 both the offending parties. The man was scourged to death ; the 
 Vestal was placed in a close litter, her mouth being secured, to pre- 
 vent her from making an outcry. In this manner she was carried 
 over the Forum, all shuddering at the sight, up and along the 
 Quirinal hill to the Mound of Servius Tuliius on the right of the 
 Colline gate. In this had been prepared a small subterraneous 
 chamber, in which Mere a couch, a lighted lamp, some bread, water, 
 milk, and oil. Her bonds were then loosed ; the chief pontiff pro- 
 nounced some prayers ; after which, while he and the other priests 
 averted their faces, she was made to descend by a ladder, which 
 was then drawn up; the chamber was covered over, and she was left to 
 die. This place was named Campus Sceleratus. The first example 
 we read of was that of Minucia, A. U. 417 ; Liv. viii. 15 : see Plut. 
 Num. 10 ; Dionys. ii. 67. 
 
 The temple of Vesta, being the /ocm5 of the state, was naturally, 
 placed in a central position, that is, in the valley between the 
 Roman town on the Palatine, and the Sabine on the Quirinal and 
 Tarpeian. It therefore stood by the Forum, about where the 
 Church of Sta. Maria Liberatrice now stands, on its south-side, just 
 where the Sacra Via entered it. The fount or pool of Juturna 
 M 2 
 
244 EXCURSUS VII. 
 
 lay between it and the temple of Castor on the left, while on the 
 right, by the Sacra Via, and closely adjoining it, was the Regia, the 
 abode of the Pontifex Maxiinus. What we name the temple, con- 
 sisted of two parts ; the temple, properly so called, and the Atrium 
 Vestae, the abode of the virgins ; the latter was in front, facing the 
 Forum : see Becker, Handbuch, i. p. 222, seq. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Acea, iv. 854. 
 
 Aeneas, i. 527 ; ii- 543 ; iii. 545, 
 
 601 ; iv. 37, 879. 
 Agonalia, i. 325. 
 Alba, iv. 43. 
 Albula, ii. 389. 
 Alirio, ii. 601 ; iv. .'537. 
 Amalthea, v. 115. 
 Amores, iv. 1. 
 Anipelos, iii. 409. 
 Amulius, iii. 49, 67 ; iv. 53. 
 Ancile, iii. 377- 
 
 Anna Perenna, iii. 146,523, 654. 
 Appius Caecus, vi. 203. 
 Apriiis, iv. 89. 
 Aqua Virgo, i. 464. 
 Avgei, iii. 791. 
 Ariadnis corona, iii. 459. 
 Arion, ii. 83. 
 Aristaeus, i. 363. 
 Attis, iv. 223 ; v. 227- 
 Augeo, i. 612. 
 Augusta, i. 536. 
 Bellona, vi. 201. 
 Briai'eus, iii. 805. 
 Brutus, ii. 717 ; vi. 461. 
 Cacus, i. 550. 
 Cadmus, i. 490. 
 Caesar, Julius, iii. 156, 702 ; iv. 
 
 379. 
 Callaicus, vi. 461. 
 Callisto, ii. 156. 
 Camillus, vi. 184. 
 Capella, v. 113. 
 Cai)itale, iii. 839. 
 
 Capitolium, i. 453 ; ii. 667 ; vi. 73. 
 Caristia, ii. 617. 
 Carmentis, i. 467. 
 Carna, vi. 101. 
 
 Celer, iv. 837. 
 
 Cerealia, iv. 610. 
 
 Claudia, iv. 305. 
 
 Clusius, i. 130. 
 
 Collatinus, ii. 733. 
 
 Concordia, i. 639 ; iii. 881. 
 
 Census, iii, 199. 
 
 Corona Gnossis, iii. 459. 
 
 Coronis, i. 291. 
 
 Corvus, ii. 243. 
 
 Cranae,vi. 107. 
 
 Crassus, vi. 465. 
 
 Crater, ii. 244. 
 
 Cremera, ii. 205. 
 
 Cures, V. 131. 
 
 Curia, ii. 530 ; iii. 140 ; iv. 635. 
 
 Curio, ii. 527. 
 
 Cybela, iv. 191. 
 
 Cj'nosura, iii. 107. 
 
 Dardanus, iv. 31. 
 
 Daunus, iv. 76. 
 
 Decemviri, ii. 54 ; iv. 384. 
 
 Delphin, ii. 79. 
 
 Dictynna, vi. 755. 
 
 Didius, vi. 568. 
 
 Dido, iii. 545. 
 
 Dies, i. 45. 
 
 Drusus, i. 1 2, 597. 
 
 Egeria, iii. ] 54. 
 
 Electra, iv. 31 ; vi. 42. 
 
 Equiria, ii. 859 ; iii. 519. 
 
 Esquiliae, iii. 246. 
 
 Evander, i. 471. 
 
 Fabii, ii. 196, 375. 
 
 Faunus, ii. 193 ; iii. 291. 
 
 Faustulus, iii. 56 ; i^. 854. 
 
 Februa, ii. 19. 
 
 Fenestella, vi. 578. 
 
 Feralia, ii. 569. 
 
246 
 
 Feriae, i. 659. 
 Flanien, ii. 21. 
 Flaminica, ii. 27 ; vi. 226, 
 Flaminius, vi. 765. 
 Flora, V. 195. 
 Forda bos, iv, 630. 
 Fornax, ii. 525. 
 Fortuna Fors, vi. 77-^' 
 
 < Publica, iv. 376. 
 
 Virilis, iv. 145. 
 
 Forum, i. 302 ; iii. 704. 
 
 Augustum, V. 552. 
 
 Boarium, i. 582. 
 
 Furius, i. 641. 
 
 Gabii, ii. 690. 
 
 Galli, iv. 631 ; vi. 351. 
 
 Genius, ii. 545 ; v. 145. 
 
 Gradivus, ii. 861. 
 
 Helernus, ii. 67 ; vi. 105. 
 
 Helica, iii. 108, 
 
 Hercules, i. 543 ; vi. 209. 
 
 Hippolytus, iii. 265 ; v. 309. 
 
 HoHoratus, i. 52. 
 
 Hostia, i. 336. 
 
 Hyades, V. 164. 
 
 Hyrieus, v. 499. 
 
 Janalis vlrga, vi. 165. 
 
 Jani, i. 257. 
 
 Janus, i. 64, 127 ; vi. 119. 
 
 Idus, i. 56. 
 
 Ilia, ii. 383 ; iii. 11 ; iv. 54. 
 
 Iliades, iv. 23 ; v. 565. 
 
 Ino, iii. 859 ; vi. 485. 
 
 lulus, iv. 39. 
 
 Juno, V. 231. 
 
 Lucina, iii. 255. 
 
 Moueta, i. 638 ; vi. 183. 
 
 Sospita, ii. 56. 
 
 Jupiter Capitolinus, vi. 186. 
 
 Elicius, iii. 328. 
 
 Pistor, vi. 350. 
 
 Stator, vi. 793. 
 
 . Tonans, ii. 69. 
 
 Victor, i v. 621. 
 
 Juturna, ii. 585. 
 Kalendae, i. 55. 
 Lara, ii. 599. 
 Larentalia, iii. 57. 
 Larentia, iii. 55. 
 Lares, ii. 616, 634 ; v. 129. 
 Leiuures, v. 483. 
 Lemiu-ia, v. 421. 
 
 Leucothea, vi. 501. 
 Liba, iii. 7^4. 
 Libamina, iii. 733. 
 Liber, iii. 465, 777- 
 Libera, iii. 512. 
 Libertas, iv. 624, 
 Livia, i. 649. 
 Locuples, V. 281, 
 Luceres, iii, 132, 
 Lucina, ii. 449. 
 Lucretia, ii. 741. 
 Lupercal, ii. 381. 
 Luperci, ii. 267 ; v. 101. 
 Lyra, 1. 316. 
 Maia, iv. 174. 
 Majestas, v. 25. 
 Maius, V. 73. 
 Mamurius, iii. 383. 
 Manes, ii. 535. 
 Manlius, vi. 185. 
 Marcia, vi. 802. 
 Mars, iii. 2, 171 ; v. 229. 
 
 Ultor, V. 577, 595. 
 
 Matralia, vi. 475, 
 Matuta, vi, 479. 
 Megalesia, iv. 357. 
 Mens, vi. 241. 
 Mercurius, v. 663. 
 Metellus, iv. 348 ; vi, 444, 
 Mezentius, iv. 881. 
 Miluus, iii. 794. 
 Minerva, iii. 809 ; vi. 652. 
 
 Capta, iii. 837- 
 
 Narcissus, v. 525. 
 
 Nasica, iv. 347. 
 
 Nonae, i. 57. 
 
 JSuma, i. 43 ; iii. 152. 
 
 Nuinitor, iv. 53. 
 
 Ocresia, vi. 627. 
 
 Olenia, v. 113,251. 
 
 Ophiuchus, vi. 735. 
 
 Ops, vi. 285. 
 
 Orion, iv. 388 ; v, 493 ; vi. 787, 
 
 Othryades, ii. 665. 
 
 Palaemon, vi. 501. 
 
 Palaestinae, ii. 564 ; iv. 236. 
 
 Pales, iv. 640, 776. 
 
 Palilia, iv. 721. 
 
 Palladium, vi. 421. 
 
 Pallantias, iv. 373, 
 
 Pan, ii, 271, 
 
 Patres/ni. 127 ; v. 71. 
 
247 
 
 Pafulcins, i. 129, 
 Pax, i. 704. 
 Pecunia, v. 281. 
 Pentheus, iii. 721. 
 Persephone, iv. 452. 
 Philippi, iii. 707- 
 Philippus, vi. 801. 
 Phryxus, iii. 858. 
 Piamina, ii. 1 9. 
 Picus, iii. 291. 
 Plaudus, vi. 685. 
 Pleiades, iv. 169 ; v. 84. 
 Poll, iii. 106. 
 Pollux, V. 710. 
 Porrigere, i. 646. 
 Porrima, i. 633. 
 Porta Capena, iv. 345. 
 
 Car mentis, ii. 201. 
 
 Collina, iv. 871. 
 
 Portunus, vi. 547. 
 
 Pobtliumius, iv. 41 ; vi. 724. 
 
 Postverta, i. 633. 
 
 Piiapus, i. 416. 
 
 Proca, iv. 52 ; vi. 143. 
 
 Proculus, ii. 499. 
 
 Proteus, i. 367. 
 
 Publicii, V. 288. 
 
 Pudor, V. 29. 
 
 Purgamina, ii. 35. 
 
 Purus,\i. 25 ; iii. 582. 
 
 Pyrrhus, vi. 203, 732. 
 
 Quinquatria, iii. 810 ; vi. 651. 
 
 Quirinus, ii. 475. 
 
 Regis fuga, ii. 685 ; v. 728. 
 
 Remuria, v. 479. 
 
 Reraus, ii. 372 ; iii. 70 ; iv. 56,817, 
 
 841 ; v. 475. 
 Reverentia, v. 23. 
 Rex Nemorensis, iii. 271. 
 
 Sacrorum, i. 333. 
 
 Robigo, iv. 907. 
 Romula ficus, ii. 412. 
 Romulus, i. 29 ; iii. 97 ; vi. 84. 
 
 Salii, iii. 387. 
 Salus, iii. 882. 
 Sancus, vi. 213. 
 Sceleratus Vicus, vi. 6 ;9. 
 Secessio Plebis, i. 643 ; iii. 664. 
 Semo, vi. 213. 
 
 Servius Tullius, vi. 480, 571, "83. 
 Stimula, vi. 503. 
 Stultorum festa, ii. 513. 
 Sulla, vi. 212. 
 Summanus, vi. 731. 
 Syphax, vi. 769. 
 Tacita, ii. 572. 
 Tanaquil, vi. 629. 
 Tarantum, i. 501. 
 Tarpeia, i. 261. 
 Tarquinius, ii. 687 ; vi. 600. 
 Tatius, i. 262. 
 Tempestas, vi. 193. 
 Terminus, ii. 641. 
 Tibicen, vi. 653. 
 Tiro, iii. 787- 
 Tolenum, vi. 565. 
 Torquatus,i. 601. 
 Trabea, ii. 503. 
 Trasimena, vi. 765, 
 Tubilustria, v. 725. 
 Tullia, vi. 587. 
 Turnus, iv. 879. 
 Vacuna, vi. 307. 
 Vedjovis, iii. 430. 
 Velabi'a, vi. 405. 
 Vesta, vi. 249. 
 Vestihulum, vi. 304. 
 Via Nova, vi. 396. 
 — Tecta, vi. 192. 
 Victhna, i. 335. 
 Vinalia, iv. 863. 
 Vindemitor, iii. 407, 
 Virbius, vi. 766. 
 Urion, v. 636. 
 Vulpes combustae, iv. 681. 
 
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