. - ;V ,"* Book > ?2>i" SCHOOL BUILDINGS By Walter H 8 Parker School Architect 244 Kearny Street, San Francisco, Cal. Copyright 1909 by Walter H. Parker Mf! 22 1910 FOREWORD WELL appointed school building's are of vital importance to every school board and it is the aim of this little booklet to illustrate a few plans that have been well studied from every point of economy, practicability and with such harmonious exteriors as obtainable with a limited amount of funds. If school boards will realize the neces- sity of modern building's and healthful convenient cpiarters for the education of the children of their community, to the extent that they will give more atten- tion to the solution of a well studied plan and less to politics that invariably ' ' crop ' ' in, the field of this little work will have been partially covered, and it is asked of those in whose hands it may fall, to keep it for further reference. TO SCHOOL BOARDS ONE of the most important problems before a Board of Educa- tion is its duty (and often a privilege) to provide new quarters for educational purposes. The result should not only be an example of good taste to the community wherein it is built, but a reasonable combination of utility and adornment that will have a decidedly educational effect upon all those who may enter or pass by its portals. The decision of a school board in this particular matter has more direct influence, and one that is more likely to be longer felt in the community, than any other problem requiring conscien- tious consideration. It is even more important in its effects on the physical and mental development of a child than the choosing of teachers, as nearly one-fourth of a child's life, between the ages of six and fourteen, is spent in the school room, and this proportion is sufficient to have considerable effect upon any child that is not constitutionally well developed. It is also true that healthful conditions stimulate an active mind and the mental progress is correspondingly greater. It is on account of these facts that it is necessary to provide an abundance of pure air and good light in every room of such proportions and quantities so as to amply supply both to each pupil. The light in every class room must be from such direction and of sufficient amount so as not to strain the weakest eyes in the room. All authorities agree that the light should come over the left shoulder of the pupil and should be equivalent to at least one- fifth of the approximate floor space of a class room ; closely grouped windows without transoms or wide mullions are desirable. In most of the large modern New York Schools the windows are grouped to form one large window. Sometimes windows are placed in a class room other than from the left side but their purpose is to flood the room with sunlight when the room is unoccupied and curtains are drawn over them at other times. The architectural elaboration of windows is to be discouraged as it is ambigious and more pleasing results are found with more logically placed decoration. VENTILATION AND HEATING. The mere supply of pure air, warmed in the winter months is not sufficient, as air contaminated and constantly used must also be removed without draught to any pupil. The provision for ventilation in a class room should be such as to provide for each person not less than 30 cubic feet of fresh air per minute (1800 per hour), which amount should be introduced and thoroughly distributed without creating unpleasant draughts, or causing any two parts of the room to differ in temperature more than 2°F.. or the maximum temperature to exceed 70°F. Where the air leaves the room near or at the floor it is desirable that the velocity of inlet should not exceed 2 feet per second, which means somewhat larger sizes of register, openings and flues than are usually obtainable. However the velocity of current in vent flues can be safely as high as 6 or even 10 feet per second if flues are placed so as to eliminate draught on any pupil. The entrance of fresh air in a room is co-incident with or dependent upon the removal of an equal amount of air in the rooms and the ordinary means of removal is the vertical vent duct rising to the top of the building. Sometimes where mechanical apparatus is not used, the reli- ance for the production of the current in this vent-duct is placed solely at the difference in temperature of the air in the room and that of the external atmosphere; and the greater the difference of the temperatures existing between that in the room and that outside, the greater efficiency or draught in vent-duct. In other words, "the colder the weather, the greater draught in the flue." This fact and principle may be readily illustrated in many of our homes which have fireplaces that smoke when the fire is first lighted, but readily draw after the flue has been heated sufficiently. A plant may give abundant heat with little ventilation and where mechanical ventilation is installed, tests should be made at the building in front of the registers and exits, with Anemometers to sufficiently determine how much air is being delivered into the room. Knowing the temperature, the size of the ducts may be com- puted by anyone familiar with tin 1 theoretical or practical application of heating apparatus. The building itself should be so designed that it will be safe, comfortable and convenient for its occupants, and arranged so that it may be economically administered and kept clean. It should he as near fire-proof as possible. It may seem useless to devise ex- tensive fire protection for a frame building, but burnable as these buildings may be, they still can be designed in such a manner that they may be emptied is a very short time by the proper location and numbers of stairways. Fire escapes theoretically are a valuable assistance and in some states, are called for by law. but their in- efficiency may be readily demonstrated in the exit of a building by pupils using them under normal conditions, let alone the evacuation of the entire roll during excitement by fire or smoke. Every two story building containing more than six rooms should have two stairways, located at each end of the building if possible and open- ing at grade entrance. The sanitary arrangements are most important and it is to lie regretted that sufficient attention is not always paid to this part of the problem, in fact there are many good buildings in themselves, built and in operation, whose arrangement and quality of plumbing apparatus is inferior and to the known detriment of the occupants of the building. The physical requirements of a building are of course to be solved first, but care should be taken that the appearance of the building should be tasteful and of a character that will unconsciously influence its occupants, for it is a well recognized fact that good proportions and lines of any building do not depend upon its cost, and the result if well studied, can be harmonious to the surround- ings and consistent with a sane use of the materials available, in other words an attractive building need not necessarily be an ex- pensive one. The size of ordinary class-rooms in a primary or grammar school is standard, in that the customary size, 25x32 is used all over this country and in many schools in Europe, but other rooms in a school building may be of such size, etc., as desired for the purposes for which they are to be used. Cloak rooms should never be less than 4 '-6 ' ' in width, and should have shelf on one side and coat hooks at two heights from floor. DESIGNS The plans shown in this book are only a few examples of a work of wide study and experience in school buildings all over the East as well as the AVest, the theoretical requirements being the same in all parts, with more or less variation in minor details due to local conditions. While plans will differ in every locality, the analysis of each problem is solved by the same general method of procedure. It is not possible here in any way to show details used in the various buildings illustrated herein, it being understood however that such parts are very important in the successful com- pletion of the buildings. Methods, materials and construction will be promptly explained to any school board upon request. CORRESPONDENCE It is desired that the designs shown will interest School Boards and Trustees to the extent that they will put me in communication with those who are in charge of the erection of new buildings. Correspondence is earnestly solicited from any one interested in school buildings, no matter how remote the proposed building may be, as I have at my disposal valuable information regarding the arrangement of rooms, and cost of all sizes and kinds of school buildings. Such information will be found to be of great value to school boards, in that, considerable annoyance may sometimes be eliminated in the voting of school bonds from the fact that sufficient reliable information was not at hand at the proper time of such a nature as to determine how much of a good building could be secured at a given amount, This is especially important as a second issue of bonds is often as embarrassing to those in charge as an inferior or incorrectly designed building. The cost of any building herein shown is not given for the reason of the fact that the prices of labor and materials differ with localities and other conditions affecting completed cost. This data will, however, be cheerfully given upon inquiry from your particular locality. The numbers appearing on the following pages of the plans illustrated, are for the purpose of reference by correspondence as the types shown cover many sizes and kinds of school buildings. In- formation concerning them or any other school building can be obtained by dropping a postal to WALTER H. PARKER, School Architect, 244 Kearny Street, San Francisco. The designs in this book are the property of the Architect, and are not to be used except through detailed plans from this office and by the payment of the proper compensation. X IX ^ „ Q i i S 2 ^ ^ H O ffi ? t. d o «m g M ^ w i 1 O a rn -ih r— • — - 42 t: tJ S r-j a: o JC O 1 ' ^ dJ 12- (H rH ® 7: 0) *-■ d °° -1 P o 2 Eh — "3 - _ n ed tn T3 CI c >, as CB l> r V - — c a: w l. - -\. a cc &fi £ — w 2 - g bo — ~ "- ~ 83 f-i C rd ■S.Sf — — -<- ^ i — i 5 £ ■" 2 J5 i — I 03 i — i, — i >s 0Q "3 <§ OS *:3 *H O J- X i—i 2 03 '^Z '~ V ~s. *H ^ s 2 =h >- ^P l£ Zl - - O M .i 51 — 33 Eh _c _, x x + - " . . — T. <"■ X h h r. z Z. ~ — z . — S- H is a □ □ □ □ es; □ a □ □ □ □ a £?„f? c^Q □ □ cr a a □ □ □□□□□□ □□□ana □ □ a aa a □ □□ aaa DDaDQQDD fin a n q n p a □DDffDDftO DDDnnDDD □□dddqqd □□□DDDDD DDOanCDD □ □ancuLQD DDCTtlDtlQD □□□DDDDD nnnnanDD D □ a a □ □ a .□□□□□□ '■'■a □ □ □ a □ □ □ a □ □ a a □ a n □ □ □ a a □ □□ □□□□□□ v; Second Floor Plan CD □ □ □ n □ -Q- □□□□□□ a □ a □ □ a □□□□□□ □□□□□□ □□□□□□ □□□□□□ j .anODDDDD 'QCDDDDDD a a DJ3a mo- □□□DDDDD aODDODDO □ DQDDDP'J DDDnDDDD D DDDDIDD □ SOpQIl'OQ □□□DDDDD □□□DDDDD □□□DDDDD □ □ aa □ n .3 a o a □ a "□ □ a a p □ □ □ □ a □ □ □ ("•p'PSpScQ □ □ □ □ □ □ D □ □ d a □ a □ □ d a □ a First Floor Plan 19 u < o OQ "o c sz u C/5 C o 20 «p . . . —» w- " " " I I ■ m — M I t-Q- B ■ *v; ".'• -- ■*. * . ,_»-, V - - T-f I- — J # ? # -L* s -jte A SIXTEEN room building of the Mission type, with class rooms all on one floor. The plan is adapted to a large level lot. fronting at least two streets. The toilet rooms are located in the basement, also a large manual training room and the customary janitor, fuel and heater rooms. 21 ■■■ ■ I ■ m 15 ;, ■■.: AX EIGHT room school building that for economy of construction and arrangement is as simple and well designed as can be obtained; containing principal's and teachers' room and a room on the second floor that may be used for a lunch room or library as the conditions de- mand in addition to the customary rooms in the basement. The exterior may be treated in brick or wood with propor- tionally pleasing results without extensive variation of plans. Dnnnnnnn nnnnuDnn nnnnnaan □nnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn nn^nnTnnn nnnnnnnnn □DDDDDDDD nnnnnnann nnnnnanaa < nanannnnn nnnnnnnnn DnnnDannn Donnnnnnn CLM J BOOM £3 > JS nnnnnnnnn nanannnnn nnnnnnnnn Second Floor Plan nnoannnnu nnnnnnnnn CUH BOOM £5 X 32 nnannaann nnnnnnnnn DDDDDdDnn ^E nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn CLAJ-J" O.OOM a5 X 32 nnnnannan anan'annnn nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn a nun anon a _-CLAJJ T200M £5 X 3Z nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnanD nnnnnnnnn CLMJ BOOM £5 X32.' nnnnannnn nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnanD First Floor Plan 23 A N EIGHT room building of plan similar to that shown on pre- ceding page, the only material difference being a slight change in the entrance, and the use of flat roof. Basement Plan 24 NOTES AND SCHOOL DATA Class rooms for primary and grammar grades should be ap- proximately 25 by 32 feet. The height of ceilings should be at least 12 feet, 6 inches for primary grades and 13 feet, 6 inches for grammar grades. Cloak rooms should not be less than 4 feet 6 inches for grammar schools, 100 coat hooks per class room at different heights according to the grades taught. Tables for cooking room should be 36 inches high. The width of corridors varies according to the size and arrange- ment of rooms along same. Generally speaking they should not be less than 10 feet wide in any place. Maple floors should be used where the appropriation will allow. A sanitary cove base should be used in all rooms independent of location or flooring used. Floors should be oiled and swept with brushes. Stairs should be 5 feet wide. Avoid winders. The treads should not be less than 12 inches wide and the risers 6yo inches high. Risers 7 inches high may be used in schools of the higher grades. Light iron balisters are desired for open stairs. A combination bookcase with glass doors should be built in every room, not otherwise supplied with closets. Toilet rooms should be in basement where possible. Manual training rooms should be in the basement in every case where a basement is possible. In secondary schools, wardrobes may be entirely eliminated and lockers Hanked on both sides of the corridors which should be at least 13 feet wide. Steel lockers are the most economical in the long run, they are also more sanitary and neat in appearance. The glass area of a school room should be equal to at least one fifth of the floor space. "Windows should not be less than 3 feet from the floor and should extend as close to the ceiling as possible. Assembly halls should be well ventilated. If located on the second floor they should be amply provided with exits and fire escapes. The inlet for hot air should be 8 feet above the floor. Where wardrobes adjoin class rooms, the outlet for ventilation of class room should be in the wardrobe, wire screens being built into the bottom of the wardrobe doors to allow the circulation. In this way both rooms may be sufficiently ventilated by one outlet. A good building, located where water under pressure is avail- able, should have a standpipe and hose reels in corridors. Blackboards are 4 feet high, and 2 feet, 4 inches to 2 feet 8 inches above the floor. Behind the teacher's desk the height of black- board is increased to 6 feet. 25 A WELL arranged six room building' with front and rear en- trances, principal's office and additional room for library, teachers' or lunch room purposes. The basement contains the toilet rooms, heating- apparatus, janitor's closet and fuel room. The building shown is of common brick with stucco on the exterior, but works up equally well in frame or pressed brick. 26 Second Floor Plan First Floor Plan 27 THIS building is admirably arranged to secure in addition to the ten standard sized rooms, teachers' and principal's rooms, a small library and recitation room on second floor. Adjoining rooms may be thrown open by the use of rolling partitions. Basement Plan 28 DDDDDQDDO > DDDQQDDDQ \ aDDDDDCQQ □ qnngDcinp \ DDnDDDDDa i nnnnnnapp Ddannnnna []''■■ nDDDnd"D"ri"if' Q) !": nnnDnnnii'n [] DDnDQQDDn ■/ DDDDDbDDD jt DDDDDDDnD aannnnDDn ^qdddcdddd i □□DDQDtiaq <-- ryr □DDDnnaan oapnaaDDD j DDD'd'DDDD'B DDDDDDann □nnnnnnn DUDDanDna [inDDDDDDD [] Dblj'DDDnb'D □ nannntian D [1 [] D D D U Q D il ■ Second Floor Plan Dnnnnann andpnaqpn n a a'a a ndffd [ □ aoanntina nnnannnaa First Floor Plan 29 FRAME building containing six standard class rooms, teachers' room, principal's room and toilet for both sexes. Stair ways at both ends of the building, form- ing a ground entrance. There is no basement to this building. 30 oDcOcCKCKfcQiM] oncfflDiJOfKKJ cocacocoottcco n cocacowjown >* 4 H o o OiO ■F^ >Q [OTOTroOOO> DXMMKH]cOoDJ — I ,n 'CHtaa^CbDr-DDDo LJ acOXTDTlTHToDo yf *»■ aeennfl Floor Plan oncfflTOmtTK cQcOOOOOCfl oQcCKtttD-tiaoD cOcOfHMMMcD cQcCcDcGcOcffOcO □' li Q, £ \ D O CL DdDdDdD3CK:oDo[]o DfflKQCCCJ BOOOOOOTp KM II II I j 5jp II =1 . 1 J ^" QoQffl}»CHWo [MJCOC»D3C]o ■ „ ■ ! : ■ East Floor Plan 31 wr r High School Buildings THE same theoretical requirements as for buildings of the grammar type, present themselves in buildings for high school purposes, but with many other requirements in addition, a few of which will be mentioned. Smaller class rooms than standard size, 25x32, are necessary for most of the courses taken up, and the assembly hall is often used for study purposes in general. In many of the more recent schools, the auditonin is placed on the ground floor between two wings or the central part of an E shaped building and of such size as to accomodate all the pupils at one sitting. It should be lighted from the sides, and the windows may be higher from the floor than is found in the ordinary class rooms. Several exits to grade should also be provided with doors always opening out. The arrangement of rooms is more complex and requires even more careful study than for grammar schools. The in- troduction of manual training facilities, gymnasium, chemistry and physics rooms, require rooms of various sizes to suit the requirements to which they are put, for example, the two mentioned studies require a lecture room that may be used by each. The most logical location would seem to be between those two rooms, directly opening into each; seats with wide arms for notes, and a stepped floor are also desirable features. In the chemistry room proper work benches must be provided, and a small glass covered ventilated booth, for research work with elements giving off obnoxious and poisoning gases. A store room is also desired in connection with a chemical laboratory. 32 Special requirements must be met in the study rooms for Biology, Botany and similar studies, often more or less a matter of detail, but very essential to be kept in mind in de- signing a well appointed building. The introduction of manual training and mechanical draw- ing in many of our modern high schools, requires special rooms, the former being best located in the basement, if well supplied with light. "When placed there, noise which cannot be eliminated will be diffused and little or no inconvenience in that account will be found in the class rooms above. A large store room is desirable for the storage of lumber and numerous pieces of works at different stages of development. The drawing room may be located most anywhere, where north light is obtained and on any floor. Commercial branches will require various sized rooms and should be arranged in a group to allow intercommunication from one room to the other without the necessity of entering the main corridors. Often desirable results are obtained by partitioning off one large room into several smaller ones, with glass partitions similar to those found in offices. This will enable the instructor to see two or more rooms, though separ- ate in themselves. Cloak rooms and wardrobes may be eliminated in high school buildings by substituting lockers either in the basement or in the corridors with perfect success. They may be ar- ranged so as not to be objectionable in appearance, and if of metal, are by all means superior. In many schools the boys' lockers are located in the basement and the girls' on a second floor corridor, in which case it will be found very convenient if the girls' toilet is located also on that floor. Combination locks may be supplied to lockers which will not readily get out of order and will be found superior to locks with keys, in that they cannot get lost. The permanent value of a high school building and in the disposition of it various parts, de- pends largely upon the knowledge, skill and fore thought of the architect selected, and he should be thoroughly familiar with the class of work. The equipment of a high school building is an item of great importance, and some careful estimate of its probable cost should be made at the time the appropriation is set aside. The parties in charge may obtain catalogues from any of the concerns manufacturing this class of furniture, and while often the same products can be obtained from the local mills, an estimate of the total cost can be arrived at approximately from such information. The use of acids and destructive chemicals in the chemistry department plays havoc in time with wood and often plumb- ing pipes, etc.. eating away and discoloring parts, so that it is impossible to keep the laboratory in a presentable condition. Glass tops are desirable for the tops of work tables, and 33 though expensive, it may be obtained in almost any thickness and in either white or black opaque colors. Stone of some varieties arc sometimes used, or marble, and they are with- out question, better wearing surfaces than the common wood tops usually found in smaller schools. Plumbing pipes should be lead lined, and all sinks should be porcelain lined to pre- vent acid from eating parts inaccessible and whose condition is unknown, until some extensive damage is done. The cus- tomary students chemical work table is provided with two or more sinks, water supply, gas outlets, a combination shelf of acid proof materials if possible, and drawers and cabinets for locking up materials and supplies. Many stock tables do not provide space at floor and are uncomfortable to work at. They should either be raised above the floor or spaces left at different intervals to allow pupils to work close to table. Chemical hoods should be well ventilated and should have glass sides. Where mechanical ventilation is installed in the building they may be readily connected to the system. They are about eight feet in height and of variable widths, accord- ing to the number of pupils to provide for. Physics work tables are simlar in construction to chemical tables, although they do not require such exact care in the ma- terials used. They should have water, gas and electric outlets; and drawers and cupboards should be provided for the storing of tools or supplies. The lecture room for either physics or chemistry should have provision for the installation of an electric lantern for slides, also some means of darkening the room by curtains or blinds. The latter being best arranged for by opaque curtains sliding in a groove and operated by hand. The instructor's desk should be provided with outlets same as laboratory tables for demonstration. A ease of drawers for containing lantern slides will be found very useful in this room. It should be built similar to many of the card file cabinets, found in offices or libraries. Biology equipment consists of an aquarium with glass sides and running water; work tables with drawers on either side and numerous shelves, cases, etc., for the housing of specimens and tool. Work tables are made in various lengths to suit the requirements and number of pupils. A wide flat top table with cases of drawers at different intervals, will give satisfactory results. The equipment of manual training is almost unlimited, generally speaking, and should be selected to suit the space available and the number of pupils to provide for. It consists primarily of work benches, cases of tools, an in- tructor's work bench, and more or less machinery. Concerns providing such equipments are of great number, and best re- sults will be found by consultation between instructor and the architect. 34 ♦p °" s^ ■ o o> r^ ?o L^* p P K*^ c+ c+ ^ THR ing line y as ^%w & cd o fcy P CC3 i=; H ' , P go £ ^ Hb P O J/3 H=0 S-> f 5° P £+ CD P CD P 2 CD h- <) Cp P S- CD O ■ P. GO w I — i <^ P P 2 CT "P ° P ffi 35 A HIGH school building in the Mission stive, with study hall, manual training rooms and class rooms on the first floor. The lecture room is well located between the physical and chem- ical lahoratories, so that it may be used in conjunction with each. The heater and toilet rooms are located on the first fioor. the building being built in a locality where excavations was impractical, except for footings. * 'fl 4 ■ * fi, v Same Building AVitli Plat Root'. 36 Second Floor Plan First Floor Plan 37 HIGH SCHOOL AT MARYSVILLE, OAL. A BRICK high school building with assembly hall upon first floor capable of seating ")()() people. The lecture room is con- veniently located on the second floor between the physics and chemistry laboratories. Toilets, gymnasium, lockers, showers, and the heating apparatus are located in the basement. Second Floor Plan First Floor Plan 39 A HIGH school building with gymnasium, physics and chemistry laboratories in the basement in addition to the boys' toilets, heaters and fuel rooms. The assem- bly hall is located on the first floor, well lighted from all sides. The girls' toilets are on the second floor. Lockers are to be used on the second floor, also in the basement in place of wardrobes. Basement Plan 40 Second Floor Plan First Floor Plan 41 Development of Rural Schools The planning of small buildings for rural districts is very im- portant from the fact that a community may desire only two rooms for the present and yet in less time than two years further pro- visions will have to he necessarily made for more class rooms. This is particularly true in a growing- district and reference to a few plans herein illustrated will enable trustees to secure a plan that will he complete and neat in appearance at each stage of de- velopment; for example, the cut below illustrates how a two room building developed into a four room building, and later still a six room building was obtained, each part being a unit of the com- plete building. The elevation from the front of 1 he building being identical for the four room building and the six room building. It should be borne in mind in any school building, that extensions will possibly follow in the future and great care should be taken that the present and completed building is practical and neat in appearance at all stages of development. The selection of a site is also an important undertaking and a Location that will be accessable, sanitary and of comfortable area, should be selected. The junction of two cross roads, if centrally located, in reference to the pupil population, and high and dry, would, perhaps be an ideal location. The condition of roads leading to a building of this kind, is important, as schools are used during the worst part of the year. 1 n -- , \ i T HE exterior of this building is similar to that shown on the opposite page. 42 A RURAL school building of the Mission type. One story and adapted to localities where considerable tempera- ture is encountered. The corridors providing an abun- dance of air and shade. The exterior of the building is wood covered with plaster over metal lath and the roof of tile. Floor Plan 43 '^.^ri'M.JSil II rr :, u . - * ?^ nrmn «- Ml] • ; i. .. .* • w - A SMALL building containing four rooms and teachers' rooms, suitable for rural districts where a building of this size is desired. It has a flat roof and wood or plaster exterior. 44 CLA.5 S T50OM E5 X 32 w y y w y 17 n SBBgg y y y y y y y y y y y y y yy y y v gggggg flflflflHS as" CLASS UOOM 2.5 X3S "t7 ^AtDtOBt C O 0. C. I D O B TtACHtRS BM VAC.De.0 6E Second Floor Plan First Floor Plan 45 A ONE room rural school building containing class room mid teacher's room. pppppppp pppppppp ddpppppp cua;; tlOom as > 32" P P P P P P □ P ppnqpppp nnnnnnpp PLAN TOB. 0/1 C UOOM BU1LDI/1G 46 A TWO room rural school building containing wardrobes and teachers' room. The heater is located in tbe base- ment with small fuel room. A TWO room school with large room on second floor for assembly purposes. 47 ADVERTISEMENTS SPECIAL attention is called to the ad- vertisements on the following pages. They have been included as being a desirable guide in the purchase of ma- terials and equipment. The concerns from which these ad- vertisements have been accepted are rep- resentative in their line, and in every case are personally known by the Author to be of the highest standing and the quality of their product unexcelled. THE Johnson System OF Temperature Automatic Regulation n Is essential in modern school buildings. The Health and Comfort of scholars and teachers demand it. — Necessary for proper Ventilation. f| Can be applied to any system of heating and ventilating. Johnson Service Company Monadnock Building, San Francisco ♦W*r •*♦♦*+ •*•♦*♦ **♦ ♦*♦ ♦**♦*♦•*♦ •*♦ ♦*♦ ♦*♦♦*♦ ♦** ♦*♦ **>**«* •J* •!• *i**i**I* , I'* ^H^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^W^^H-* THE HYLOPLATE BLACKBOARD (TRADE MARK REGISTERED) The Most Successful Blackboard Ever Made In planning that new school building, there is no more important sub- ject than blackboards. The comfort, convenience and satisfaction of tea- cher and pupils in the school room depends as much upon satisfactory blackboards as any other thing. The use of Hyloplate for the last twenty years, has demonstrated its utility and superiority as a blackboard sur- face. It is now in successful use in the majority of school buildings throughout the State, and is specified by ninety per cent of the school house architects. Thousands of satisfactory users will testify to its merits. Samples and estimates upon request. ....School Furniture and Supplies.... Blinds, Partitions, Shutters, etc. C. F. WEBER & CO. 365-367 MARKET STREET San Francisco. 210-212 N. MAIN ST. Los Angeles. ^^^•^•♦♦♦♦♦♦^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^,^ ♦ V ♦ ♦ V * * V ♦ ■« wvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv^'v^H'^'W'WM^X'W'^K'W'^W^X**!^^^^ DE VEAU SCHOOL TELEPHONES Economy of Time. Note writing in schools should be as obsolete as ancient stone writing. The tendency towards shorter school sessions necessitates elimination of every unnecessary task of principal, teacher or scholar. We term the convenience of telepbones secondary to the eco- nomical advantage. Cost of Installing. We furnish inexpensive but practical telephone sys- tems adapted to the requirements of small schools, while high schools, normal school, and colleges are equipped with every economy and con- venience known to the telephonic art. Specifications for installing and estimates of cost submitted on receipt of floor blue-prints, with crosses designating location of phones. ELECTRIC RAILWAY and MANUFACTURERS 84-86 2nd STREET, SUPPLY CO. SAN FRANCISCO ****** ********* *t* *I* *I* •** *!* ' 0^^% California Plumbing Supply Co. 7th and Townsend Sts., San Francisco SANITARY PLUMBING FIXTURES. WATER, STEAM AND GAS SUPPLIES Our trade-mark on plumbing material means that the article so stamped is " THE BEST " manufactured of its kind. The Health of the Pupil Is of paramount importance. Epidemics of contagions diseases are the *♦* ,j. horror of every school hoard. Lime and cheap plastering materials are !•! *♦* responsible in a great measure for the spread of diseases among pupils. ♦!• X Many a mysterious cold could be traced to damp walls. Lime plaster walls T •> are seldom thoroughly dry. They harden by drying — just like mud or a ♦> sponge — but soften again whenever they absorb new moisture. Ueing soft *;* •> and porous, they readily absorb moisture — and afford lodgment to disease .*. ♦> germs. Now walls made from the *> v i* Acme Cement Plaster Company's Hard Wall Plaster £ *♦* *J* £ are always dry and hard. The extreme density of the material makes them * »♦. proof against wind and weather — tire and water — dampness and disease £ ♦> germs. They are also non-conductors of heat, cold and electricity. They *> *C make it easy to maintain normal temperature, winter and summer — they Y are fuel savers. Our MISSION HARD WALL PLASTER AND ACME 1> KEENE'S CEMENT, especially, makes quiet walls — conducive to study and j* .$. order. You build everything else right — why not have modern interior *£ walls — the very heart of the school building? The cost is normal. The ♦ £ reasons for all this are very interesting. Gypsum Rock is the secret. Let *J* ♦ ns explain it to you. Mention this publication when you write. «§• Acme Cement Plaster Co. I' 750 SOUTH ALAMEDA ST.. BUILDERS EXCHANGE * "§• Los Angeles San Francisco •$• I W.W. MONTAGUE & O Mantels, Grates and Tile, Mosaic Tile % Flooring, Sanitary Tile Wainscot- ing, Wood, Tile, Brick and Z Stone Mantels, Warm £ Air Furnaces and % i t | Ventilating | 557 to 563 Market Street f SANFRANCISCO | t IMPORTANT IMPORTANT I HEATING AND VENTILATING SANITARY CLOSET FIXTURES ♦ .£ Nothing More Important in Modern School Construction, We «$ % Have Installed the Most "Up-to-date Systems" In Over 300 »£ 1* School Buildings on the Pacific Coast : : : : : % ♦ — ♦ * V X Write Us for Suggestions and General Information. * t W. MORGAN & CO. | ENGINEERS | 673 Monadnock Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. % t $ I IMPORTANT IMPORTANT $ ♦ * wii/wv>^v BLACKBOARDS * V ♦:• f J The Olmstead Artificial Stone Slate Twenty-eight years of unparalled success. Used in nearly every state % in the Union. Has the endorsement of Educators, School Boards and 4* Architects everywhere. •$• § Some of Its Advantages It is less expensive than natural slate. It is entirely free from' flints, % knots, and ribbons. It presents one continuous unbroken surface, with- out seams or joints. Its color is uniform — dead black and unfading. It * cuts less crayon than natural slate, therefor causes less dust. It is welded to and becomes a part of the wall, and is therefor practically noiseless. * Results Obtained No delay and annoyance incident to breakage in transit. Reduction of * expense. Decrease in repairs. Increased use of blackboards. Everybody 4» satified. i) For Catalogues, Prices, etc., Address | WH1TAKER & RAY-WIGGIN CO. * School Furniture and Supplies % 776 Mission Street San Francisco * , t t | Heating and | Ventilating { Pacific Blower and Heating Co. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Phone Market 389 SEVENTEENTH and MISSION STS. Agents for Hermetic Steel School Heaters Lenox Steel Furnaces for Residences, Churches, etc. v : $ Some of the buildings equipped *j* with our system of Heating and Ventilating using Steel Heaters: ♦ Two School, Napa, Cal. Mission Hank, San Francisco. .♦. Two School, Berkeley, Cal. Rideout Hank, Oroville, Cal. *£ School, Fruitvale, Cal. Notre Dame College, S. F., Cal. * School, Modesto, Cal. Church, Palo Alto, Cal. •!♦ School, Vacaville Cal. V. M. C. A., Watsonville, Cal. School, Hollister, Cal. Farrally Residence, San Leandro, Cal. *;* .•.*«>*«»*«»**»*«»*«»**»*«< j» «j» »j« »l«*t* ♦*♦ »!♦ ••* -!• «j •;« $ * 1 ^ 1 fo t fr A rf t tf * i f * * fr i ^ i ■ $ • * $ >* $ * * $" $**$**$* ****** vv *y >♦♦>♦>*♦* * * * * V * * CEMENT— CEMENT=CEMENT Architects and Contractors v ♦ % For the period January 1st to * | August 31st, 1909, we manu- % factured and sold over * 1,000,000 Barrels of Cement % Our cement is superior in qual- ? ity to any other cement manu- % % facturedintheworld. ± ♦ .S. * t $ I 1 GENERAL SALES OFFICE: I I 221 CROCKER BUILDING ! % SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. % »:♦ ♦ »♦. ♦ * SANTA CRUZ PORTLAND CEMENT STANDARD PORTLAND CEMENT % % COMPANY CORPORATION $ Works at Davenport, Cal. Works at Napa Junction, Cal: * !♦♦ Capacity 8000 Barrels Daily Capacity 2500 Barrels Daily .J. * i ♦*♦♦ i LIMESTONES *I* ♦*• •*■• *♦• **■• •■** *♦* *** Limestones are composed largely of carborate of lime. There are many varieties of limestone which differ in color, composi- tion and value for engineering and building purposes, owing to the differences in the character of the deposits and chemical combinations entering into them. Probably the best limestone for road and cement work is that which we have in large de- posits on this coast and is known as Cherty Limestone. It is of a compact, fine-grained texture, very hard and tough and of a bluish color. Higher tests in concrete work are received from this rock than from trap or granite. Those who have in mind concrete or road work will do well to investigate this rock before buying. * •:• •:• •:• •:• V HENRY COWELL Lime and Cement Co. 945 Market Street :: San Francisco, Cal. Mt . Diablo Cement Santa Cruz Lime ALL BUILDING MATERIALS I Delivery Department: UNION AND FRONT STREETS % Telephone Number: PRIVATE EXCHANGE KEARNY 2095 $ ♦ ~ — » * f * f TELEPHONE OR WRITE FOR PRICES % PENINSULAR 3..|..3..S..H"H»i"M'* .HHHW+MH************! f * * Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Hot Water and Warm Air Heaters, Portable and Brick Set, Designed to Burn Wood, Coal, Gas or Oil. ?p ** Simplest, Most Econo- mical and Best Fur- nace on the Market Today. Write to MILLER -EN WRIGHT CO. 907-917 Front Street, 101-105 J Street. Sacramento Cal. Wholesale Dealers in Heavy Hardware, Sheet Metal, and Plumbing Supplies. ALSO STOVES, RANGES AND HOUSEHOLD WARE