^. x c'c> CI 
 &C <jC.Ci 
 
 
 
 
 
 t:<aC <3 
 
 !,-«j>««^<i|,^««b.^<iSi.<%.<«*,«^^<^^^^4l^.^^^.,y 
 
 
 _^. ^ ^i •■<■:'• C1..C. 'C C 
 
 
 ,'ClC:c<i.' 
 
^'<r' <<z<c. <€Zj^ < 'C<M<. 
 
 'c-c 
 
 :<5c . 
 
 
 c <::c<:: C'^: c^cc 'cc-- < 
 
 j:^ cc < 
 
 ./5 CSC '- < 
 
 <dct 
 
 V.-CC: 
 
 
 <s:c cr- <pc cc<::.c.<3cm. 
 
 ccc eci. <src" -eccrc <rj@.: 
 
 CSS'.C CSX 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/memoirofeventfulOOvel 
 
( EYEITFTJL EXPEDITIOI 
 
 C^~ RESULTING IN THE DISCOVERY OF THE IDOLATROUS CITY OF,-^ 
 
 ^CrEMARKABLE AZTEc"cffll]TOENr)Cp 
 
 ^Descendants and Specimens of the Sacerdotal Caste, (now iP 
 (j nearly extinct,) of the Ancient Aztec I'ounders of the (J 
 
 ^'^^\ Ruined 
 
 Ruined Temples of that Country, 
 
 ESCRIBED I 
 
 QS^P^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 JOHN L. STEVENS, ESQ., 
 
 AND OTHER TRAVELLERS. 
 
 ^<cMAa-PEDRO VELASQUEZ, 
 
 ^v-^^^^ ^H ^^-^^^^^ OF SAN SALVADOR. XK-X-^-i^^ 
 
\^' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ti\ 
 
 # 
 
 A 
 U 
 
PREFACE, 
 
 BY THE PROPRIETORS 
 
 Since the publication of the former editons of this " Memoir," some 
 doubts have been thrown upon its statements concerning the origin 
 of the truly marvellous AzteC; or aboriginal Indian children, from 
 Central America, (herewith exhibiting,) by several persons, recently 
 from that country, who profess to be acquainted with ostensibly 
 incompatible facts. They state that these children " came from the 
 town of Grenada, in Nicaragua, and are the half idiotic offspring of an 
 Indian woman, who is one of the common Indians there, a tribe 
 well grown and developed," instead of being brought from a ncAvly 
 discovered aboriginal city, in an unexplored region of that country, 
 and being the singular relics of a peculiar and exclusive caste, ren- 
 dered " diminutive in stature and imbecile in intellect," by the 
 immemorial intermarriages of their progenitors, as the "Memoir" 
 avers. 
 
 Leaving the respectability and veracity of these gentlemen entirely 
 unquestioned, we think it would have been more satisfactory to the 
 public, as it certainly, and for many reasons, would have been to 
 ourselves, if they had stated whether they derived their contradiction 
 from their own personal knowledge, or from merely ordinary report. 
 In the absence of any intimation upon this point, the question con- 
 ' cerning the local origin and paternity of these mysterious and 
 unprecedented specimens of the human race, is thrown back upon the 
 best evidence, whether personal, circumstantial, or scientific, that can 
 be collected for its solution. 
 
 With regard to the value of the personal testimony, if such it can be 
 deemed, contained in the following very interesting and remarkable 
 narrative, we can neither form nor suggest any opinion, except from 
 the internal evidence which every reader has equally at command, as 
 material for his conclusions. We have published the "Memoir," 
 precisely as we received it, shortly after these extraordinary beings 
 came into our possession, without adding or altering a word, and, 
 hitherto, without remark, merely for what it purports to be — the 
 Spanish account of their origin and mode of acquisition. While, 
 
IV 
 
 however, we expressly and distinctly decline all responsibility for the 
 statements in this narrative, whether reasonable or romantic, cor- 
 roborated or contradicted, as coming from foreign sources to us 
 unaccredited and unknown, we, nevertheless, cordially concur with 
 every reader who has expressed an opinion to us upon the subject, 
 that the " Memoir," as it stands, furnishes a better-fitting and more 
 lucid explanation of the strongly distinctive character, physiognomy, 
 attitudes and habits of these interesting little creatures, than any 
 other that we have heard suggested or asserted. 
 
 We regard these perfectly unique characteristics as among the 
 strongest points of circumstantial evidence of which the question 
 admits. First, every intelhgent visitor of these children who has seen 
 the engravings in Mr. Stephens' " Incidents of Travel," in Central 
 America and Yucatan, from the drawings, by Mr. Catherwood, of the 
 altars, idols, and other monuments, in and around the ruined temples 
 of the ancient Aztec race, is instantly and forcibly struck with the 
 perfect resemblance, in countenance, attitude, and apparent expression 
 of mental character, between these children and a certain distinct and 
 peculiar class of figures therein depicted, and of which some imperfect 
 profile sketches are prefixed to this narrative. If the resemblance 
 extended to the figures in general, it would be far less remarkable, and 
 might justly be regarded as mere evidence of the similarity and 
 perpetuity of the general race. But the figures to which we particu- 
 larly refer, are as distinct, as a peculiar class, or caste, from the other 
 and better forms, associated with them on the monuments, as these 
 children confessedly are from the existing Indians of the country. 
 They resemble this strictly unique class of figures with marvellous 
 exactness, and no others. Except in these, they have no counterparts, 
 either in nature or in art. The eminently singular and grotesque 
 attitudes in which these figures are sculptured, and which we should 
 suppose to be both difficult and painful to any human beings untrained 
 to assume them, are frequently and unconsciously adopted by these 
 children, — by the boy Maximo, more especially, — as if they had been 
 trained to them from early infancy, by systematic discipline. Or, it 
 would rather seem, from this, and a thousand other acts of grotesque 
 and amusing mimicry which they are perpetually displaying, that the 
 hereditary profession ascribed to their progenitors in this " Memoir," 
 had descended to them in the spontaneity of a natural instinct. 
 
 Another circumstantial point in this question, is the fact that these 
 children, although possessing perfect organs of speech, and amply 
 sufficient intelligence for the acquisition of ordinary language, united 
 
with a lively and insatiable curiosity concerning every new or unusual 
 object they behold, had not, when first brought to this country, about 
 a year since, a single word in any language which persons the best 
 versed in the Central American dialects could interpret, even for the 
 most familiar objects ; and certainly not a syllable of the vernacular 
 tongue of Grenada, which is so well known. They were, nevertheless, 
 continually reciprocating little articulate mutterings to each other 
 which they apparently understood, and they have always evinced a 
 surprising aptitude to acquire the meaning of words addressed to 
 them by their nurse and attendants. Their actual acquisition of the 
 language they hear, has probably been as rapid as could be reasonably 
 expected from the generality of children hearing it spoken for the first 
 time, and not since regularly instructed in its elements. These 
 undeniable facts are easily explained by the intimation in the 
 " Memoir," that they had always been cloistered in the recesses of a 
 pagan temple, the objects of superstitious vigilance and veneration, 
 but are hardly reconcilable with the report that they were the 
 children of the common Indians, in the town of Grenada, and brought 
 up, to the age of seven or eight years, with a crowd of young com- 
 panions. And yet another difficult fact is the extreme delicacy of 
 their feet, which were evidently never accustomed to the barefooted 
 gambols of half-savage Indian children, though they would have 
 sported and raced with the best of them, had they enjoyed the oppor- 
 tunity. If, therefore, they ever were at Grenada, in the temporary 
 charge of an Indian woman, which is not improbable, it could only 
 have been for a short time, and in unusual seclusion. 
 
 The scientific evidence ehcited upon this case, is altogether unfavor- 
 able to the conclusion that these mysterious children are the products 
 of ordinary parentage and circumstances, and to be classed among 
 those erratic vagaries of nature with which the annals of physiology 
 abound. They are neither monsters in form nor idiots in mind, as 
 these terms are usually apphed. On the contrary, each is symmetrical 
 in itself, and in relation to the other ; and their minds, though almost 
 infantine in development, are not remarkably deficient in any par- 
 ticular faculty, nor distinguished by any wild and controlling 
 propensity, unless their inquisitiveness, imitativeness, and fondness 
 for simple and harmless frolic, can be deemed exceptions to the 
 statement. Their mental characteristics are precisely what every 
 one who sees them immediately expects from their physique^ although 
 their like was never seen before, and they stand an unparalleled 
 variety of humanity — unless that peculiar species recorded in the 
 
VI 
 
 Aztec monuments, to which we, in common with others, involuntarily 
 refer them, be regarded as their prototypes. Some superficial observers, 
 it is true, have suggested that they might be humanized and rational 
 chimpanzees ; but every man of science has declared that they hold no 
 hybrid relationship with any of the inferior animals. It must also be 
 remembered that there are two of them, of different ages and sexes. 
 Nature does not repeat monsters resembling each other, or they would 
 cease to be so. It is true their heads are each but little over twelve 
 inches in circumference, and are thus smaller than the generality of 
 new-born babes ; but their bodies and limbs, though finely formed, are 
 slender in proportion ; for though approaching three feet in height, 
 the heavier of them weighs but a fraction over twenty pounds. And 
 thus, instead of being repulsive and disagreeable to the feelings, as all 
 ill-formed specimens of childhood invariably are, they are attractive, 
 engaging, and interesting; while the emotional lustre of their fine 
 eyes is ever welcomed as an expression of intelligent and grateful 
 sympathy for the kindness and affection they invariably receive. 
 Indeed it has been uniformly admitted by men of science and the 
 public press, that while they constitute the most extraordinary and 
 inexplicable examples of the human form, they convey the impression 
 of being miniatures, both physically and mentally, of some unique and 
 unknown variety of our common race, rather than unnatural and 
 violent departures from the established laws of organization and 
 intellect. 
 
 Since their arrival in this country, as may readily be supposed, they 
 have elicited an unusual degree of interest and attention from scien- 
 tific men, and been subjected to many careful measurements and ex- 
 aminations. The following dimensions are taken from a lengthy and 
 very interesting report by Dr. J. M. Warren, to the Boston Natural 
 History Society. The abstract is from the published proceedings of 
 that body, first January meeting, 1851. 
 
 "Dr. J. M. Warren read a paper containing some observations upon the two re- 
 markable Indian Children from Central America, which have lately attracted the at- 
 tention of scientific men and the public in this city.— The Boy is 33| inches in height, 
 and his weight is 20| lbs. The Girl 29^ inches, and weighs 17 lbs.— 
 MEASUREMENT OF GIRL'S HEAD, , MEASUREMENT OF BOY'S HEAD. 
 
 Head 13 inches in circumference. 
 Ant. Post diameter, 4} inches. 
 Lateral diameter, 3| inches. 
 Over the top of the head, from one audi- 
 tory passage to the other, 8 inches. 
 Ear, 1 1 inches. 
 Facial angle, 65 
 
 Circum. over hair and scalp, 13 inches 
 
 Ant. Post, diameter, 4^ inches. 
 
 Bi Temporal, not quite 4 inches. 
 
 From one auditory passage, around the 
 head, to the other, 7| inches. 
 
 Ditto, around the occiput, ,6^ inches. 
 
 Fronto, occipital curve, 8 inches. 
 
 E^r, 2 inches. 
 
 Facial Angle, 60. 
 
 Dr. W. remarkea, that in appearance they were agreeable and intelligent, apt to 
 comprehend, particularly if accompanied by proper gestures, — considering their de- 
 gree of intelligence, he pronounced the size of the head the smallest that had come 
 under his notice." 
 
PEOEILE ILLUSTRATIOIS 
 
 FROM 
 
 CENTRAL AMERICAN RUINS, 
 
 OF 
 
 ANCIENT RACES STILL EXISTING 
 
 IN IXIMAYA. 
 
 The above three fitcures, sketched from engravings in " Stevens's Central 
 America," will be found, on personal comparison, to bear a remarkable and 
 convincing resemblance, both in the general features and the position of the 
 head, to the two living Aztec children, now exhibiting in the United States, 
 of the ancient sacerdotal caste of Kaunas, or Pagan Mimes, of which a few 
 individuals remain in the newly discovered city of Iximaya. See, the follow- 
 ing Memoir i page 31. 
 
 These two figures, sketched from the same work, are said, by Senor Ve- 
 lasquez, in the unpublished portion of his narrative, to be " irresistible like- 
 of the equally exclusive but somewhat more numerous priestly caste 
 
ci Mahaboms, still existing in that city, and to which belonged Vaafpeoi, ts«' 
 official guardian of those children, as mentioned in this memoir. Velasquez 
 states that the likeness of Vaalpeor to the right hand figure in the frontispiece 
 of Stevens' second volume, which is here also the one on the right hand, was 
 as exact, in outline, as if the latter had been a daguerreotype miniature. 
 
 While writing his "Narrative" after his return to San Salvador, in the 
 spring of the present year, (1850,) Senor Velasquez was favored, by an Ame- 
 rican gentleman of that city, with a copy of " Layard's Nineveh, " and was 
 forcibly struck with the close characteristic resemblance of the faces in many 
 of its engravings to those of the inhabitants in general, as a peculiar family 
 of mankind, both of Iximaya and its surrounding region. The following are 
 sketches, (^somewhat imperfect,) of two of the male faces to which he refers : 
 
 And the following profile, from the same work, is pronounced by Velasquez 
 to be equally characteristic of the female faces of that region, making due allow- 
 ance for the superb head dresses of tropical plumage, with which he describes 
 the latter as being adorned, instead of the male galea, or close cap, retained 
 in the engraving. 
 
 These illustrations, slight as they are, are deemed interesting, because the 
 Iximayans assert their descent from a very ancient Assyrian colony nearly co- 
 temporary with Nineveh itself — a claim which receives strong confirmatio), 
 not only from the hierogl3^phics and monuments of Iximaya, but from the 
 engravings in Stevens' volumes of several remarkable objects, (the inverted 
 winged globe especially,) at Palenque — once a kindred colony. 
 
 It should have been stated in the following Memoir, that Senor Velasquez, 
 m his return to San Salvador, caused the two Kaana children to be baptized 
 into the Catholic Churih, by the Bishop of the Diocess, under the names of 
 Maximo and Bartola Velasquez. 
 
MEMOIR 
 
 or A RECENT 
 
 EYENTFUL EXPEDITION 
 
 IN 
 
 CENTRAL AMERICA. « 
 
 In the second volume of Ms travels in Central America — than 
 which no work ever published in this country, has created and 
 maintained a higher degree of interest, both at home and abroad — 
 Mr, Stevens speaks with enthusiasm of the conversations he 
 had held with an intelligent and hospitable Padre, or Catholic 
 priest, of Santa Cruz del Quiche, formerly of the village of Cha- 
 jul ; and of the exciting information he had received from him, 
 concerning immense and marvellous antiquities in the surround- 
 ing country, which, to the present hour, remain entirely unknown 
 to the world. The Padre told him of vast ruins, in a deserted 
 and desolate region, but four leagues from Vera Paz, mor^ ex- 
 tensive than Quiche itself; and of another ruined city, on the other 
 side of the great traversing range of the Cordilleras, of which, 
 no account has been given. But the most stimulating story of all, 
 was the existence of a living city, far on the other side of the great 
 sierra, large and populous, occupied by Indians of the same cha- 
 racter, and in precisely the same state, as those of the country 
 /4v /q.€-' I neral, before the discovery of the continent and the desola- 
 
 ting conquests of its invaders. 
 
 The Padre averred that, in younger days, he had climbed to , 
 the topmost ridge of the seirra, a height of 10 or 12,000 feet, 
 and from its naked summit, looking over an immense plain, ex- 
 tending to Yucatan and the Gulf of Mexico, had seen, with his 
 own eyes, in the remote distance, "a large city, spread over a, 
 great space, with turrets white and glittering in the sun." His . 
 1 
 
account of tlie prevalent Indian report concerning it was^ tliat no 
 white man had ever reached that city ; that the inhabitants, who 
 speak the Maya language, are aware that a race of white stran- 
 gers has conquered the whole country around them, and have 
 hence murdered every white man that has since attemped to 
 penetrate their territory. He added that they have no coin or 
 other circulating medium ; no horses, mules, or other domestic 
 animals, except fowls, '^ and keep the cocks under ground to 
 prevent their crowing being heard." This report of their slen- 
 der resources for animal food, and of their perpetual apprehension 
 of discovery, as indicated in this inadequate and childish expe- 
 dient to prevent it, is, in most respects contradicted by that of 
 the adventurous expedition about to be described, and which, 
 having passed the walls of their city, obtained better information 
 of their internal economy and condition than could have been ac- 
 quired by any Indians at all likely to hold communication with 
 places so very remote from the territory as Quiche or Chajul. 
 
 The effects of these extraordinary averments and recitals of the 
 Padre, upon the mind of Mr. Stevens, together with the deliber- 
 ate conclusions which he finally drew from them, is best expressed 
 in his own language. 
 
 " The interest awakened in us, was the most thrilling I ever 
 experienced. One look at that city, was worth ten years of an 
 every day life. If he is right, a place is left where Indians and 
 a city exist, as Cortez and Alvarado found them ; there are living 
 men who can solve the mystery that hangs over the ruined cities 
 of America ; who can, perhaps, go to Gopan and read the inscrip- 
 tions on its monuments. No subject more exciting and attractive 
 presents itself to any mind, and the deep impression in my mind, 
 will never be effaced. 
 
 " Can it be true ? Being now in my sober senses, I do verily 
 believe there is much ground to suppose that what the Padre told 
 us is authentic. That the region referred to does not acknowledge 
 the government of Gautamala, and has never been explored, and 
 that no white man has ever pretended to have entered it ; I am 
 satisfied. From other sources we heard that a large ruined city 
 was visible; and we were told of another person who had climbed to 
 the top of the seirra, but on account of the dense clouds rasing 
 upon it, he had not been able to see anything. At all events, 
 the belief at the village of Chajul is general, and a curiosity is 
 aroused that burns to be satisfied. We had a craving desire to 
 reach the mysterious city. No man if ever so willing to peril his 
 life, could undertake the enterprisCj with any hope of success, with- 
 out hovering for one or two years on the borders of the country, 
 
studying the language and character of the adjoining Indians, and 
 making acquaintance with some of the natives. Five hundred 
 men could probably march directly to the city, and the invasion 
 would be more justifiable than any made by Spaniards ; but the 
 government is too much occupied with its own wars, and the 
 knowledge could not be procured except at the price of blood. 
 Two young men of good constitution, and who could afford to 
 spend five years, might succeed. If the object of search prove a 
 phantom, in the wild scenes of a new and unexplored country, 
 there are other objects of interest ; but, if real, besides the glo- 
 rious excitement of such a novelty, they will have something to 
 look back upon through life. As to the dangers, they are al- 
 ways magnified, and, in general, peril is discovered soon enough 
 for escape. But, in all probability, if any discovery is made, it 
 will be made by the Padres. As for ourselves, to attempt it 
 alone, ignorant of the language and with the mozos who were a 
 constant annoyance to us, was out of the question. The most 
 we thought of, was to climb to the top of the seirra, thence to look 
 dov/n upon the mysterious city ; but we had difficulties enough 
 in the road before us ; it would add ten days to a journey already 
 almost appalling in the perspective ; for days the sierra might be 
 covered with clouds ; in attempting too much, we might lose all; 
 Palenque was our great point, and we determined not to be diver- 
 ted from the course we had marked out." Vol. II, p. 193-196. 
 
 It is now known that two intrepid young men, incited proba- 
 bly by this identical passage in Mr. Stevens's popular work — one 
 a Mr. Huertis, of Baltimore, an American of Spanish parents, from 
 Cuba, possessing an ample fortune, and who had travelled 
 much in Egypt, Persia, and Syria, for the personal inspection of 
 ancient monuments ; and the other, a Mr. Hammond, a civil-en- 
 gineer from Canada, who had been engaged for some years on sur- 
 veys in the United States, agreed to undertake the perilous and 
 romantic enterprise thus cautiously suggested and chivalrously 
 portrayed. 
 
 Amply equipped with every desirable appointment, including 
 daguerreotype apparatuses, mathematical instruments, and withal 
 fifty repeating rifles, lest it should become necessary to resort to 
 an armed expedition, these gentlemen sailed from New-Orleans 
 and arrived at Balize, in the fall of 1848. Here they procured 
 horses, mules, and a party of ten experienced Indians and Mes- 
 titzos ; and after pursuing a route, through a wild, broken, and 
 heavily wooded region, for about 150 miles, on the Gulf of Ama- 
 tique, they struck off more to the south-west, for Coban, where 
 they arrived on the morning of Christmas day, in time to 
 
partake of the substantial enjoyments, as well as to observe i.h& 
 peculiar religious ceremonies j of the great Catholic festival, m 
 that intensely interior city. 
 
 At this place, while loitering to procure infoi mation and guides 
 for their future Journey to Santa Cruz del Quiche, they got ac- 
 quainted with Sr. Pedro Velasquez, of San Salvador, who de- 
 scribes himself as a manof family and education, although a trader 
 in indigo ; and his intermediate destination, prior to his return to 
 the capital, happening also to be the same city^ he kindly proffered 
 to the two Americans his superior knowledge of the country, or any 
 other useful service he could render them; and he was accordingly 
 very gladly received as their friend and companion on the way. 
 It is from a copy of a manscript journal of this gentleman, that 
 the translator has obtained the only information as yet brought to 
 the United States concerning the remarkable results of the ex- 
 ploring expedition which he will proceed to describe, or of the fate 
 of Messrs. Huertis and Hammand, its unfortunate originators and 
 conductors, or of those extraordinary living specimens of a sui 
 generis race of beings, hitherto supposed to be either fabulous or 
 extinct, which are at once its melancholy trophies and its physio- 
 logical attestors. And it is from Senor Velasquez alone that 
 '^the public can receive any further intelligence upon this ardently 
 interesting subject, beyond that which his manuscript imperfectly 
 affords. 
 
 In order, however, to avoid an anticipatory trespass upon the 
 natural sequence of the narrative, it may be proper to state, 
 that prior to his departure in their company from Cohan, Senor 
 Velasquez had received from his fellow travellers no intimation 
 whatever concerning the ulterior object of their journey, and had 
 neither seen nor heard of those volumes describing the stupendous 
 vestages of ancient empire, in his native land, which had so 
 strongly excited the emulous passion of discovery in their minds. 
 
 Frequently called by his mercantile speculations, which he 
 seems to have conducted upon an extensive scale, to perform^ 
 long journeys from San Salvador, on the Pacific side of the Cor- 
 dilleras, to Comyagua in the mid-interior, and thence to Truxillo, 
 Omoa, and Ysabal, on the Bay and Gulf of Honduras, he had 
 traversed a large portion of the country, and had often been sur- 
 prised with sudden views of mouldering temples, pyramids, and 
 
9 
 
 33ities of vast magnitude and marvellous mythology. And being, as 
 it evidently appears, a man of unusual intelligence and scholastic 
 acquirements, he had doubtless felt, as he states, a profound but 
 hopeless curiosity concerning their origin and history. He had 
 even seen and consecutively examined the numerous and ornate 
 monuments of Copan ; but it was not until he had preceded to 
 the second stage of the journey from Cohan to Quiche, that 
 he was shown the engravings in the first volume of Stevens's 
 Central America, in which they are so faithfully depicted. He 
 recognized many of them as old acquaintances, and still more as 
 new ones, which had escaped his more cursory inspection ; and 
 in all he could trace curious details which, on the spot, he re- 
 greted the want of time to examine. He, moreover, knew the 
 «urly Don Gregorio, by whom Mr. Stevens had been treated so 
 Inhospitably, and several other persons in the vicinity of the ruins 
 whom he had named, and was delighted with the vraisemblance 
 of his descriptions. The Senor confesses that these circumstan- 
 ces inspired him with unlimited confidence in that traveller's 
 statements upon other subjects ; and when Mr. Huertis read to 
 him the further account of the information given to Mr. Stevens 
 by the jolly and merry, but intelligent old Padre of Quiche, f e- 
 pecting other ruined cities beyond the Sierra Madre, and espe- 
 cially of the living city of independent Candones, or unchris- 
 tianized Indians, supposed to have been seen from the lofty 
 summit of that mountain range, and was told by Messrs. Huertis 
 and Hammond that the exploration of this city was the chief ob- 
 ject of their perilous expedition, the Senor adds, that his enthu- 
 siasm became enkindled to at least as high a fervor as theirs, and 
 that, " with more precipitancy than prudence, in a man of his 
 maturer years and important business pursuits, he resolved to 
 unite in the enterprise, to aid the heroic young men with his ex- 
 perince in travel and knowledge of the wild Indians of the 
 region referred to, and to see the end of the adventure, result as 
 it may," 
 
 He was confirmed in this resolution by several concurring facts 
 of which his oompanions were now told for the firsts time. He 
 intimately knew and had several times been the guest of the 
 worthy Cura of Qui die, from whom Mr. Stevens received as- 
 ^mranceg of the existence of the ruined city of the ancient Aztecs, 
 
10 
 
 as well as the living city of the Candones, in the unsubjugated 
 territory beyond the mountains. And he was induced to yield 
 credence to the Padre's confident report of the latter, because 
 his account of the former had already been verified, and be- 
 come a matter of fact and of record. He, Senor Velasquez, 
 himself, during the preceding summer, joined a party of several 
 foreigners and natives in exploring an ancient ruined city, of 
 prodigious grandeur and extent, in the province of Vera Paz, 
 but little more than 150 miles to the east of Guatamala, (in- 
 stead of nearly 200, as the Padre had supposed,^ which far sur- 
 passed in magnificence every other ruin, as yet discovered, either 
 in Central America or Mexico. It lay overgrown with huge 
 timber in the midst of a dense forest, far remote from any set- 
 tlement, and near the crater of a long extinct volcano, on whose 
 perpendicular walls, 300 or 400 feet high, were aboriginal paint- 
 ings of warlike and idolitrous processions, dances, and other 
 ceremonies, exhibiting like the architectural sculptures on the 
 temples, a state of advancement in the arts incomparably supe- 
 rior to all previous examples. And as the good Padre had 
 proved veracious and accurate on this matter, which he knew 
 from personal observation, the Senor would not uncharitably 
 doubt his veracity on a subject in which he again professed to 
 speak from the evidence of his own eye-sight. 
 
 The party thus re-assured, and more exhilarated than ever 
 with the prospect of success, proceeded on their journey with 
 renewed vigor. Although the Senor modestly abstains from any 
 allusion to the subject, in the MSS. which have reached us, it 
 cannot be doubted that Messrs. Huertis and Hammond considered 
 him an invaluble accession to their party. He was a guide on 
 whom they could rely ; he was acquainted with the dialects of 
 many of the Indian tribes through which they would have to 
 pass ; was familiar with the principal stages and villages on their 
 route, and knew both the places and persons from whence the 
 best information, if any, concerning the paramount object of their 
 journey, could be obtained. 
 
 It appears, also, from an incidental remark in his journal, that 
 Senor Velasquez would have been at their right hand in a fighty 
 in the event of any hostile obstruction on their way. As a vol- 
 unteer, be had held a command under Morazan, during the 
 
11 
 
 sanguinary conflicts of the republic, and had been a soldier 
 through several of the most arduous campaigns, in the fierce 
 struggle between the general and Carrera. He was thus, appa 
 rently, in all respects, precisely such an auxiliary as they would 
 have besought Providence to afford them, to accomplish the 
 hazardous enterprise they had so daringly projected and com- 
 menced. 
 
 Unfortunatelyfor the public, the Senor's journal, fragmentary 
 throughout, is especially megre concerning the incidents of 
 travel between the capital of Vera Paz and Santa Cruz del 
 Quiche. At this period he appears to have left the task of re- 
 cording them almost entirely to his two friends, whose mem- 
 oranda, in all probability, are forever lost. Some of those inci- 
 dents appear, even from his brief minutes of them, to have been 
 of the most imminent and critical importance. Thus under the 
 date of February 2nd, 1849, he says, " on the bank of a 
 branch of the Salamo, attacked in the night by about thirty In- 
 dian robbers, several of whom had fire-arms. Sr. Hammond, 
 sitting within the light of the fire, was severely wounded through 
 the left shoulder ; they had followed us from the hacienda, six 
 leagues, passed us to the north and lay in ambush ; killed four, 
 wounded three ; of the rest saw no more ; poor Juan, shot 
 through the body, died this morning ; lost two mules.'' 
 
 After this, there is nothing written until the 16th, when they 
 had arrived at a place called San Jose, where he says, " Good 
 beef and fowls ; Sr. Huertis much better ; Sr. Hammond very 
 low in intermittent fever ; fresh mules and good ones." Next 
 on the 5th of March, at the Indian village of Axitzel, is written, 
 "Detained here five days ; Hammond, strong and headstrong. 
 Agree with Huertis that, to be safe, we must wait with patience 
 the return of the good Cura." Slight and tantalizing memoranda 
 of this kind occur, irregularly, until April 3rd, when we find the 
 party safely arrived at Quiche, and comfortably accommodated 
 in a convent. The joval Padre, already often mentined, who 
 maybe regarded as the unconscious father of the expedition, had 
 become helplessly, if not hopelessly, dropsical, and lost much 
 of his wanted jocosity. He declared, however, that Senor 
 Velasquez's description of the ruins explored the previous sum- 
 mer, recalling as it did his own profoundly impressed recollec- 
 tion of them, when he walked through their desolate avenues 
 
12 
 
 and deserted palaces ; and corroborating as it did, in every par» 
 ticular, his own reiterated account of them, which he had often 
 bestowed upon incredulous and unworthy ears, would " act like 
 cannabis upon his bladder," as it already had upon his eyes ; and 
 if he could but live to seethe description in print, so as to silence 
 allgainsayers, he had no doubt it would completely cure him, and 
 add many years to his life. He persisted in his story of the un- 
 known city in the Candone wilderness, as seen by himself, nearly 
 forty years ago, from the summit of the sierra ; and promised the 
 travellers a letter to his friend, the Cura of Gneguetenango, re- 
 questing him to procure them a guide to the very spot frona 
 whence they could behold it for themselves. 
 
 This promise, in the course of a few days, the Senor says, he 
 faithfully performed, describing from recollection, by the hand 
 of an amanuensis to whom he dictated, not only the more stri- 
 king but even minute and peculiar landmarks for the guidance 
 of the guide. On the 10th of April, the party, fully recruited 
 in health and energy, set out for Totonicapan ; and thence we 
 trace them by the journal through a succession of small places 
 to Quezaltenango, where they remained but two days ; and 
 thence through the places called Aguas Calientes, and San Se- 
 bastiano, to Gneguetenango ; this portion of their route being 
 described as one of unprecedented toil, danger, and exhaustion, 
 from its mountainous character, accidents to men and mules, ter 
 rific weather and loss of provisions. Arrived, however, at length, 
 at the town last named, which they justly regarded as an emi- 
 nently critical stage of their destiny, they found the Cura, and 
 presented him with the letter of introduction from his friend, the 
 Padre of Quiche. They were somewhat discouraged on per- 
 ceiving that the Cura indicated but little confidence in the accu- 
 racy of his old friend's memory, and asked them rather abruptly, 
 if they thought him really serious in his belief in his distant 
 vision of an unknown city from the sierra, because, for his own 
 part, he had always regarded the story as one of Padre's broad- 
 est jokes, and especially since he had never heard of any other 
 person possessing equal visual powers. " The mountain was 
 high, it is true, but not much more than half as high as the hy- 
 perbolous memory of his reverend friend had made it, and he 
 much feared that the Padre, in the course of forty years, had so 
 frequently repeated a picture of his early imagination as to have. 
 
13 
 
 at length, cherished it as a realitity." This was said in smooth and 
 elegant Spanish, but says the Senor, " with an air of dignified 
 sarcasm upon our credulity, which was far from being agree- 
 able to men broken down and dispirited, by almost incredible toil, 
 in pursuit of an object thus loftily pronounced a rediculous 
 phantom of the brain." This part of Senor Velasquez's journal 
 being interesting and carefully written, we give the following 
 translation without abridgement : — 
 
 " The Cura, nevertheless, on finding that his supercilious 
 scepticism had not proved so infectious among us as he expected 
 and that we were rather vexed than vacillating, offered to procure 
 us guides in the course of a day or two, who were familiar with 
 many parts of the sierra, and who, for good pay, he doubted not, 
 would flatter our expectations to the utmost extent we could de- 
 sire. He advised us, however, in the same style of caustic dis- 
 suasion, to take with us both a barometer and a telescope, if we 
 were provided with those instruments, because the latter, espe- 
 cially, might be found useful in discovering the unknown city, and 
 the former would not only inform us of the height of the moun- 
 tain, but of the weather in prospect most favorable to a distant 
 view. Senor Huertis replied that such precautions w^ould be 
 adopted, as a matter of course, and would, moreover, furnish 
 him, on our return to Gueguetenango, with the exact latitude and 
 longitude of the spot frooi which the discovery might be made- 
 He laughed very heartily and rejoined that he thought this oper- 
 ation would be much easier than to furnish the same interesting 
 particulars concerning the location of the spots at which the 
 discovery might fail to be made; and saying this he robed himself 
 for mass, which we all, rather sullenly, attended. 
 
 " Next morning, two good looking Meztitzos, brothers, waited 
 on us with a strong letter of recommendation from the Cura, as 
 guides to that region of the sierra which the Padre's letter had 
 so particularly described, and which description, the Cura added, 
 he had taken much pains to make them understand. On being 
 questioned concerning it, they startled and somewhat disconcer- 
 ted us by calm assurances, in very fair Spanish, that they were 
 not only familiar with all the land-marks, great and small, which 
 the Cura had read to them, but had several times seen the very 
 city of which we were in search, although none but full- 
 blooded Indians had ever ventured on a journey to it. This was 
 rather too much, even for us, sanguine and confiding as we were. 
 We shared a common suspicion that the Ciira had changed his 
 tactics, and resolved to play a practical joke upon our credulity — 
 to send us on a fool's errand and laugh at us for our pains. That 
 he had been tampering with the two guides for this purpose, 
 struck us forcibly ; for while he professed never to have known 
 any man who had seen the distant city, he recommended these 
 
14 
 
 Meztitzos, as brothers, whom he had known from their boyhood, 
 they declared they had beheld it from the sierra on various occa- 
 sions. Nevertheless, Senor Huertis believed that the young men 
 spoke the truth, while the Cura, probably, did not ; and hoping 
 to catch him in his own snare, if such had been laid, asked the 
 guides their terms, which, though high, he agreed to at once, 
 without cavil. They said it would take us eight days to reach the 
 part of the sierra described in the letter, and that we might have 
 to wait on the summit several days more, before the weather 
 would afford a clear view. They would be ready in two days ; 
 they had just returned across the mountains from San Antonia 
 de Guista, and needed rest and repairs. There was a frankness 
 and simplicity about these fine fellows which would bear the 
 severest scrutiny, and we could only admit the bare possibility of 
 our being mistaken. 
 
 " It took us three days, however, to procure a full supply of 
 the proper kind of provisions for a fortnight's abode in the sky, 
 and on the fourth, (May 5th,) we paid our formal respects to 
 the Cura, and started for the ascent — he not forgetting to re- 
 mind us of the promise to report to him the precise geographi- 
 cal locality of our discovery." 
 
 The journal is again blank until May 9th, when the writer 
 says, " Our altitude, by barometer, this morning, is over 6000 
 feet above the valley which we crossed three days ago ; the view 
 of it and its surrounding mountains, sublime with chasms, yet 
 grotesque in outline, and all heavily guilded with the setting sun, 
 is one of the most oppressively gorgeous I ever beheld. The 
 guides inform us that we have but 3000 feet more to ascend, 
 and point to the gigantic pinacle before us, at the apparent dis- 
 tance of seven or eight leagues ; but that, before we can reach 
 it, we have to descend and ascend an immense barranca, (rav- 
 ine,) nearly a thousand feet deep from our present level, and of 
 so difficult a passage that it will cost us several days. The side 
 of the mountain towards the north-west, is perfectly flat and per- 
 pendicular for more than half its entire height, as if the pro- 
 digious section had been riven down by the sword of the San 
 Miguel, and hurled with his foot among the struggling multitude 
 of summits below. So far, the old Padre is accurate in every 
 particular." In a note opposite this extract, written perpendic- 
 ularly on the margin of the manuscript, the writer says, " The 
 average breadth of the plain on this ridge of the sierra, (that is 
 the ridge on which they were then encamped for the night,) is 
 nearly half a mile, and exhibits before us a fine rolling track as 
 far as we can see. Neither birds, beasts, nor insects — I would 
 
15 
 
 there were no such barranca !" On the tenth he says, •' on the 
 brink of the abyss — the heaviest crags we can hurl dcwn, re- 
 turn no sound from the bottom." 
 
 The next entry in the journal is dated May 15th. — '' Re- 
 covered the body of Sebastiano and the load of his mule ; his 
 brother is building a cross for his grave, and will not leave it 
 until famished with thirst and hunger. All too exhausted to think 
 of leaving this our first encampment since we descended. Present 
 elevation but little above that of the opposite ridge which we left 
 on the lUh, still, at least 3000 feet to climb." On the 19th, 
 4 o'clock, P. M., he records, " Myself, Sr. Hammond and Anto- 
 nio, on the highest summit, an inclined plain of bare rock, of 
 about fifteen acres. The Padre again right. Sr. Huertis and 
 others just discernabie, but bravely coming oo. Elevation, 9,500 
 feet. Completely in the clouds, and all the country below invisi- 
 ble. Senor Hammond already bleeding at the nose, and no 
 cigar to stop it." At 10 o'clock, the same night, he writes, 
 " All comfortably asleep but myself and Sr. Hammond, who is 
 going to take the latitude." Then follows, " He finds the lati- 
 tude 15 degrees and 48 minutes north.^^ Opposite this, in the 
 margin is written, " the mean result of three observations of 
 difi"erent stars. Intend to take the longitude to-morrow." Next 
 day, the 20th, he says, " A bright and most auspicious morning, 
 and all, but poor Antonio, in fine health and feeling. The wind 
 by compass, N- E., and rolling away a billowy ocean of mist, 
 toward, I suppose, the Bay of Honduras. Antonio says the 
 Pacific will be visible within an hour ; (present time not given) 
 more and more of the lower mountians becoming clear every mo- 
 ment. Fancy we already see the Pacific, a faint yellow plain, 
 almost as elevated as ourselves. Can see part of the State of 
 Chiapas pretty distinctly." At 12 o'clock, meridian, he says, 
 " Sr. Hammond is taking the longitude, but finds a difference of 
 several minutes between his excellent watch and chronometer, 
 and fears the latter has been shaken. Both the watch and its 
 owner, however, have been a great deal more shaken, for the 
 chronometer has been all the time in the midst of a thick blank- 
 et, and has had no falls. Sr. Huertis, with the glass, sees whole 
 lines and groups of pyramids, in Chiapas. At 1 o'clock, P. M. he 
 records, '^Sr. Hammond reports the longitude, 92 degrees 15 
 
16 
 
 minutes west. Brave Huertis is in ecstacy with some discov- 
 ery, but will not part with the glass for a moment. No doubt it 
 is the Padre's city, for it is precisely in the direction he indicat- 
 ed. Antonio says he can see it with his nakedeye, although less 
 distinctly than heretofore. I can only see a white straight line, 
 like a ledge of limbstone rock, on an elevated plain, at least 
 twenty leagues distant, in the midst of a vast amphitheatre of 
 hills, to the north east of our position, toward the State of 
 Yucatan. Still, it is no doubt the place the Padre saw, and it 
 may be a great city." 
 
 At 2 o'clock P. M., he says ^' All doubt is at an end ! We have 
 all seen it through the glass, as distinctly as though it were but 
 a few leagues off, and it is now clear and bright to the unaided 
 eye. It is unquestionably a richly monumented city, of vast di- 
 mensions, within lofty parapetted walls, three or four miles 
 square, inclined inward in the Egyptian style, and its interior 
 domes and turrets have an emphatically oriental aspect. I should 
 judge it to be not more than twenty-five leagues from Ocosingo, 
 to the eastward, and nearly in the same latitude ; and this would 
 probably be the best point from which to reach it, travelling due 
 east, although the course of the river Legartos seems to lead di- 
 rectly to it. That it is still an inhabited place, is evident from 
 the domes of its temples, or churches. Christian churches they 
 cannot be, for such a city would have an Aarchbishop and be well 
 known to the civilized world. It must be a Pagan strong-hold 
 that escaped the conquest by its remote position, and the general 
 retreat, retirement, and centralizing seclusion of its surrounding 
 population. It may now be opened to the light of the true 
 faith." 
 
 They commenced their descent the same day, and rested at 
 night on the place of their previous encampment, a narrow shelf 
 of the sierra. Here, on the brink of the terrible ravine, which 
 they had again to encounter, they consulted upon a plan for their 
 future operations ; and it was finally agreed that Messrs. Huertis 
 and Hammond, with Antonio, and such of the Indian muleteers 
 as could be induced to proceed with the expedition, should fol- 
 low the bottom of the ravine, in its north-east course, in which, 
 according to Antonio, the river Legartos took its principal sup- 
 ply of water, and remain at a large village, adjacent to its banks, 
 
17 
 
 which they had seen, about five leagues distant ; while Senor 
 Velasquez was to trace their late route, by way of Gueguete- 
 nango, to Guezaltenango, where all the surplus arms and amuni 
 tionhad been deposited, and recruit a strong party of Indians, to 
 serve as a guard, in the event of an attack from the people of 
 the unexplored region, whither they were resolutely bound. In 
 the meantime, Antonio was to return home to Gueguetenango, 
 await the return of Velasquez, with his armed party, from Gue- 
 zaltenango, and conduct them over the mountains to the village 
 on the plains, where Messrs. Huertis and Hammond were to re- 
 main until they should arrive. It appears that Senor Velasquez 
 was abundantly supplied with solid funds for the recruiting ser- 
 rice, and that Mr. Huertis also furnished Antonio with a liberal 
 sum, in addition to his stipulated pay, wherewith to procure 
 masses for the repose of his unfortunate brother. 
 
 Of the adventures of Messrs. Huertis and Hammond, in the 
 long interval prior to the return of Velasquez, we have no ac- 
 count whatever ; nor does the journal of the latter contain any 
 remarks relative to his own operations, during the same period. 
 The next date is July the 8th, when we find him safely arrived 
 with " nearly all the men he had engaged," at an Indian village 
 called Aguamasinta, where his anxious companions were over- 
 joyed to receive him, and where " they had obtained inestimable 
 information regarding the proper arrangement of the final pur- 
 pose." After this we trace them, by brief memoranda, for a 
 few days, on the devious course of the Legartos, M'hen the jour- 
 nal abruptly and final ly closes. The remaining narrative of the 
 expedition was written by Senor Velasquez from memory, after 
 his return to San Salvador, while all the exciting events and 
 scenes which it describes were vividly sustained by the feelings 
 which they originally inspired. As this excessively interesting 
 document will be translated for the public press as soon as the 
 necessary consent of its present proprietor can be obtained, the 
 writer of this pamphlet the less regrets the very limited use of 
 it to which he is now restricted — which is but little more than 
 that of making a mere abridgement and connexion of such inci- 
 dents as may serve to explain the orign and possession of those 
 sui generis specimens of humanity, the Aztec brother and sister, 
 now exhibiting to the public, in the United States. From the 
 
18 ' 
 
 introductory paragraphs, we take the liberty to quote the follow- 
 lug without abridgement : — 
 
 " Our latitude and longitude was now 16 ^ 42' N. and 91 ° 35 • 
 W ; so that the grand amphitheatre of hills, forming three 
 fourths of an oval outline of jagged summits, a few leagues be- 
 fore us, most probably inclosed the mysterious object of our 
 anxious and uncertain labors. The small groups of Indians 
 through which we had passed, in the course of the day, had evi- 
 dently been startled by sheer astonishment, into a sort of passive 
 and involuntary hospitality, but maintained a stark apprehensive 
 reserve in most of their answers to our questions. They spoke 
 a peculiar dialect of the Maya, which 1 had never heard before, 
 and had great difficulty in comprehending, although several of the 
 Mayua Indians of our party understood it familiarly and spoke it 
 fluently. From them we learned that they had never seen men 
 of our race before, but that a man of the same race as Senor 
 Hammond, who was of a bright-florid complexion, with light 
 hair and red whiskers, had been sacrificed and eaten by the 
 Macbenachs, or priests of Iximaya, the great city among the 
 hills, about thirty moons ago. Our interpeters stated that the 
 word " Iximaya " meant the " Great Centre," and that " Mac- 
 benach " meant the " Great Son of the Sun." I at once resolved 
 to make the most of my time in learning as much as possible of 
 this dialect from these men, because they said it was the tongue 
 spoken by the people of Iximaya and the surrounding region. It 
 appeared to me to be merely a provinical corruption, or local pe- 
 culiarism, of the great body of the Maya language, with which 
 I was already acquainted; and, in the course of the next day's 
 conversation, i found that I could acquire it with much facility." 
 
 To this circumstance the writer is probably indebted for his 
 life. In another day, the determined explorers had come within 
 the circuit of the alpine district in which Iximaya is situated, and 
 found it reposing, in massive grandeur, in the centre of a per- 
 fectly level plain, about five leagues in diameter, at a distance of 
 scarcely two from the spot they had reached. At the base of ah 
 the mountains, rising upon their sides, and extending nearly a 
 mile inward upon the plain, was a dark green forest of colossal 
 trees and florid shrubbery, girding it around ; while the even 
 valley itself exhibited large tracts of uncultivated fields, fenced in 
 with palisades, and regular, even to monotony, both in size and 
 form. " Large herds of deer, cattle, and horses, Vi^ere seen in 
 the openings of the forest, and dispersed over the plain, which 
 was also studded with low flat-roofed dwellings of stone, in small 
 detached clusters, or hamlets. Rich patches of forest, of irreg- 
 ular forms, bordered with gigantic aloes, diversified the landscape 
 
19 
 
 in effective contrast with bright lakes of water which glowed 
 among them." 
 
 While the whole party, -with their cavalcade of mules and bag- 
 gage were gazing upon the scene, two horsemen, in bright blue 
 and yellow tunics, and wearing turbans decorated with three large 
 plumes of the quezal, dashed by them from the forest, at the 
 distance of about two hundred yards, on steeds of the highest 
 Spanish mould, followed by a long retinue of athletic Indians, 
 equally well mounted, clothed in brilliant red tunics, with caron- 
 als of gay feathers, closely arranged within a band of blue cloth 
 Each horseman carried a long spear, pointed witji a polished 
 inetal ; and each held, in a leash, a brace of pewerful blood- 
 hounds, which were also of the purest Spanish breed. The two 
 leaders of this troop, who were Indians of commanding air and 
 stature, suddenly wheeled their horses and glared upon the large 
 party of intruders with fixed amazement. Their followers 
 evinced equal surprise, but forgot not to draw up in good military 
 array, while the blood-hounds leapt and raged in their thongs. 
 
 '' While the leaders," says Senor Velasquez, " seemed to be 
 intently scrutenizing every individual of our company, as if 
 silently debating the policy of an immediate attack, one of the 
 Maya Indians, of whom I had been learning the dialect, stepped 
 forward and informed us that they were a detachment of rural 
 guards, a very numerous military force, which had been appointed 
 from time immemorial, or, at least from the time of the Spaniah 
 invasion, to hunt down and capture all strangers of a foreign race 
 that should be found within a circle of twelve leagues of the city; 
 and he repeated the statement made to us from the beginninp',that 
 no white man had hitherto eluded their vigilance or left their city 
 alive. He said there was a tradition that many of the pioneers 
 of Alvarado's army had been cut off in this manner, and never 
 heard of more, while their skulls and weapons are to this day 
 suspended round the altars of the pagan gods. He added, 
 finally, that if we wished to escape the same fate, now was our 
 only chance ; that as we numbered thirty-five, all armed with 
 repeating rifles, we could easily destroy the present detachment, 
 which amounted to but fifty, and secure our retreat before 
 another could come up ; but that, in order to do this, it was nec- 
 essary first to shoot the dogs, which all our Indians regarded with 
 the utmost dread and horror. 
 
 I instantly felt the force of this advice, in which, also, I was 
 sustained by Senor Flammond ; but Senor Huertis, whom, as 
 the leader of the expedition, we were all bound and solemly 
 pledged to obey ; utterly rejected the proposition. He had come 
 so far to see the city and see it he would, whether taken thither 
 
20 
 
 as a captive or not, and whether he ever returned from it or not; 
 that this was the contract originally proposed, and to which I 
 had assented ; that the fine troop before us was evidently not a 
 gang of savages, but a body of civiHzed men and good soldiers ; 
 and as to the dogs, they were noble animals of the highest blood 
 he ever saw. If, however, I and his friend Hammond, who 
 seemed afraid of being eaten, in preference to the fine beef and 
 venison which we had seen in such profusion on the plain, really 
 felt alarmed at the bugbear legends of our vagabond Indians, be- 
 fore any demonstration of hostility had been made, we were 
 welcome to take two-thirds of the men and mules and make our 
 retreat as best we could, while he would advance with Antonio 
 and the remainder of the party, to the gates of the city, and de- 
 mand a peaceable admission. I could not but admire the ro- 
 mantic intrepidity of this resolve, though I doubted its discre- 
 tion; and assured him I was ready to follow his example and 
 share his fate. 
 
 " While this conversation v^^as passing among us, the Indian 
 commanders held a conference apparently as grave and import- 
 ant. But just as Senor Huortis and myself had agreed to ad- 
 vance towards them for a parley, they separated without deigning 
 a reply to our salution — the elder and more highly decorated, 
 galloped off towards the city v*^ith a small escort, while the other 
 briskly crossed our front at the head of his squadron and entered 
 the forest nearer the entrance of the valley. This opening in 
 the hills, was scarcely a quarter of a mile wide, and but a few 
 minutes elapsed before we saw a single horseman cross it toward 
 the wood on the opposite side. Presently, another troop of 
 horse of the same uniform appearance as the first, were seen 
 passing a glade of the wood which the single horseman had 
 penetrated, and it thus became evident that a manoeure had al- 
 ready been effected to cut off our retreat. The mountains sur- 
 rounding the whole area of the plain, were absolutely perpen- 
 dicular for three-fourths of their altitude, which was no where 
 less than a thousand feet; and from many parts of their wildly 
 piled outline, huge crags projected in monstrous mammoth forms, 
 as if to plunge to the billows of forest beneath. At no point of 
 this vast impassible boundary was there a chasm or declivity 
 discernable by which we could make our exit, except the one 
 thus formidably intercepted. 
 
 "To retire into the forest and water our mules at a copious stream 
 which rushed forth from its recesses, and recruit our own ex- 
 hausted strength with food and rest, was our first necessary re- 
 source. In tracing the rocky course of the current for a con- 
 venient watering place, Antonio discovered that it issued from a 
 cavern, which, though a mere fissure exteriorly, was, withinj of 
 cathedral dimensions and solemnity ; we all entered it and drank 
 eagerly from a foaming basin, which it immediately presented to 
 our fevered lips. Our first sensations were those of freedom and 
 
SI 
 
 independence, and of that perfect security which is the basis of 
 both. It was long since we had slept under a roof of any kind, 
 while here a few men could defend our repose against an assault 
 from thousands ; but it was horribly evident, to my mind, that a 
 few watchful assailants would suffice to reduce us to starvation, 
 or destroy us in detail. Our security was that of a prison, and 
 our freedom was limited to its w^alls. Happily, however, for 
 the present hour, this reflection seemed to trouble no one. Ob- 
 jects of wonder and veneration grew numerous to our gaze. Gi- 
 gantic statues of ancient warriors, with round shields, arched 
 helmets, and square breast-plates, curiously latticed and adorned, 
 stood sculptured in high relief, with grave faces and massive 
 limbs, and in the regular order of columns around the walls of 
 this grand mausoleum. Many of them stood arrayed in the crim- 
 son of the setting sun, which then flamed through the tall fissure 
 into the cavern ; and the deep gloom into which long rows of others 
 utterly retired from our view, presented a scene at once of min- 
 gled mystery and splendor. It was evidently a place of great 
 and recent resort, both for men and horses, for plentiful supplies 
 of fresh fodder for the latter were heaped in stone recesses ; while 
 the ashes of numerous fires, mingled with discarded mocassins 
 and broken pipes and pottery, attested a domiciliary occupation 
 by the former. Farther into the interior, were found seats and 
 sleeping-couches of fine cane work ; and in a spacious recess, near 
 the entrance, a large collection of the bones, both of the ox and 
 the deer, with hides, also, of both, but newly flayed and sus- 
 pended on pegs by the horns. These last evidences of good living 
 had more effect upon our hungry Indians than all the rest, and 
 within an hour after dark, while we were seeking our first sleep, 
 four fine deer were brought in by about a dozen of our party, 
 whom, we supposed to have been faithfully guarding our citadel. 
 It is unnecessary to say that we gladly arose to the rich repast 
 that ensued, for we had eaten nothing but our scant allowance of 
 tortillas for many days, and were in the lassitude of famine." 
 
 Tempting as such extracts are, we must avoid them, and 
 hasten through a summary of subsequent events. There is one 
 singular incident, however, mentioned in the passage immediately 
 following the above, possessing too important a connexion with 
 the final catastrophe to be pretermitted at this place. Mr. Ham- 
 mond, the Canadian engineer, fearing that the peculiarity of 
 his appearance, as a man of fair and ruddy complexion, among a 
 swarthy race, would subject him to great annoyance, and perhaps 
 involve him in the horrible fate of a similar person, reported by 
 the Indians, resolved to stain his skin of a darker hue, by means 
 of some chemical preparation which he had precautionarily pro- 
 vided for this purpose, before he left the United States. With 
 2 
 
22 
 
 the friendly assistance of Antonio, this metamorphosis was com- 
 pleted over his whole person before he retired to rest ; his red 
 whiskers were shaved off, and his light hair died of a jet black ; 
 and so perfect was the disguise, that not one of the party who 
 went foraging for venison recognized him on their return, but 
 marvelled, as he sat at supper, whence so singular a stranger could 
 have come, Velasquez states, however, that his new complexion 
 was unlike that of an}^ human being on the face of the earth, and 
 scarcely diminished the certainty of his becoming an object of 
 curiosity, among an Indian population. 
 
 In the morning, about the break of day, the infernal yells of a 
 pack of blood-hounds suddenly rang through the cavern, and the 
 party could scarcely seize their rifles before many of the dogs, 
 who had driven in the affrighted Indians on guard, were spring- 
 ing at their throats. Mr. Huertis, however, the American 
 leader of the expedition, with that presence of mind which seems 
 always to have distinguished him, told the men that rifles were 
 useless in such a contest, and that the hounds must be dispatched 
 with their long knives as fast as they came in, while the fire-arms 
 were to be reserved for their masters. This canine butchery was 
 accomplished with but little difficulty ; none of the party 
 received any serious injury from their fangs ; and the Indians 
 were exhilarated with a victory which was chiefly a conquest of 
 their fears. These unfortunate dogs, it appears, were the ad- 
 vanced van of a pack, or perhaps merely a few unleashed as scouts 
 to others held in reserve ; for no more were seen or heard for 
 sometime. Meanwhile, Mr. Huertis seems to have struck out a 
 brilliant scheme. He collected his whole party into that obscure 
 branch of the cavern, near its entrance, which has been described 
 as a depository of animal bones, and ordering them to sling their 
 rifles at their backs, bade them stand ready with their knives. 
 Almost instantly, they observed a party of ten dismounted na- 
 tives, in scarlet tunics, and armed with spears, enter the cavern 
 in single file; and, it would seem, from seeing the dogs slain and 
 no enemy in sight, they rushed out again, without venturing on 
 farther search. In a few minutes, however, they returned with 
 forty or fifty more, in the same uniform, headed by the younger 
 of the two personages whom they had seen in command the pre- 
 vious eveningo As soon as they were well advanced into the 
 
23 
 
 cavern, and heard disturbing the tired mules, Mr. Huertis 
 and his party marched quietly out and seized their horses, which 
 were picketed close by, in charge of two or three men, whom 
 they disarmed. At a short distance, however, drawn up in good 
 order, was another squadron of horses, which Mr. Huertis deter- 
 mined instantly to charge. Ordering his whole party to mount 
 the noble stallions they had captured, and reserve their fire until 
 he gave the word, he, Velasquez, and Hammond, drew the short 
 sabres they had worn on their march, and ^led the attack. The 
 uninformed natives, however, did not wait the encounter, but 
 scattered in wonderment and consternation ; doubtless under the 
 impression that all their comrades had been slain. But the rapid 
 approach of a much larger force — which is found, eventually, to 
 have consisted of two detachments of fifty each, being just twice 
 their number — speedily reassured them, and falling in line with 
 this powerful reinforcement, the whole hundred and fifty charged 
 upon our comparative handful of travellers, at a rapid pace. 
 Huertis promptly ordered his little party to halt, and form in 
 line, two deep, with presented arms; and doubtless feeling that, 
 notwithstanding the disparity of numbers, the enemy, armed only 
 with spears and small side-hatchets, held but a slender chance of 
 victory over a party of thirty-eight — most of them old campaign- 
 ers in the sanguinary expeditions of the terrible Carrera — armed 
 with new " six-shooting " rifles and long knives, generously com- 
 manded them to keep aim upon the horses only, until further 
 orders. In the meantime, most of their plumed opponents, in- 
 stead of using their long spears as in lance practice, threw them 
 through the air from so great a distance that nearly all fell short 
 of the mark — an infallible indication both of timidity and inex-^ 
 perience in action. The unfortunate Mr. Hammond, however, 
 was pierced through the right breast, and another of the party 
 was killed by being transfixed through the bowels. At this instant 
 Huertis gave the word to fire ; and, at the next, no small number 
 of the enemy were rolling upon the sod, amid their plunging 
 horses. A second rapid, but well delivered volley, brought down, 
 as many more, when the rest, in attitudes of frantic wonder and 
 terror, unconsciously dropped their weapons and fled like affright- 
 ed fowls under the sudden swoop of the kite. Their dispersion 
 was so outrageously wild and complete that no two of them 
 could be seen together as they radiated over the plain. The- 
 
24 
 
 men and horses seemed impelled alike by a preternatural panic ; 
 and neither Cortez in Mexico, nor Pizarro in Peru, ever wit- 
 nessed greater consternation at fire-arms among a people, who, 
 for the first time, beheld their phenomena and effects — when 
 mere hundreds of invaders easily subjugated millions of natives 
 chiefly by this appalling influence — than was manifested by these 
 Iximayans on this occasion. Indeed, it appears that these prim- 
 itive and isolated people, holding no intercourse whatever with 
 the rest of mankind, were as ignorant as their ancestors even of 
 the existence of this kind of weapons ; and although their 
 modern hieroglyphic al annals were found to contain vague allu- 
 sions to the use of them in the conquest of the surrounding 
 country, by means of a peculiar kind of thunder and lightning, 
 and several old Spanish muskets and pistols were found in their 
 s^ant collection of foreign curiosities, yet, not even the most 
 learned of their priests had retained the slightest notion of the 
 uses for which they were designed. 
 
 While this summary conflict was enacted on the open lawn of 
 the forest, the dismounted company in the cavern having com- 
 pleted their fruitless search for the fugitives, emerged from its 
 portal with all the mules and baggage, just in time to see and 
 hear the fiery explosions of the rifles and their effect upon the 
 whole body of scarlet cavalry. The entire scene, including the 
 mounted possession of their horses by nncouthly attired strangers, 
 jpreviously invisible, must have appeared to these terror-stricken 
 natives an achievement of supernatural beings. And when Mr. 
 Huertis wheeled his obstreperously laughing party to recover his 
 mules, he found most of the astounded men prostrated upon their 
 faces, while others, more self-possessed, knelt upon the bended 
 knee, and, with drooping heads, crossed their hands behind them 
 to receive the bonds of captives. Their gallant and gaily ac- 
 coutred young chieftain, however, though equally astonished and 
 dismayed, merely surrendered his javelin as an ofBcer would his 
 sword, under the like circumstances, in civilized warfare. But, 
 with admirable tact and forethought, Huertis declined to accept 
 it, immediately returning it with the most profound and deffer- 
 ential cordiality of manner. He at the same time informed 
 him, through Velasquez, that, though strangers, his party were 
 mot enemies but friendly visiters, who^ after a long and painful 
 
25 
 
 Journey, again to be pursued, desired the temporary hospitality of 
 his countrymen in their magnificent city. 
 
 The young chief replied, with evident discomposure and con- 
 cern, that his countrymen showed no hospitality to strangers, it 
 being interdicted by their laws and punishable with death ; that 
 the inhabitants of their city held intercourse only with the pop- 
 ulation of the surrounding valley, who were restricted alike by 
 law and by patriotism from ever leaving its confines ; he and his 
 fellow soldiers alone being privileged to visit the neighboring re- 
 gions for the purpose of arresting intruders, (cowana,) and escort 
 ing certain kind of merchandize which they exchanged with a 
 people of their own race in an adjoining district. He added, 
 with much eloquence of manner, and as Velasquez believed, of 
 language, which he but partially understood, that the independ- 
 ence and peace of his nation, who were a peaceful and happy 
 people, depended upon these severe restrictions, which indeed 
 had been the only means of preserving it, while all the country 
 besides, from sea to sea, had bowed to a foreign yoke, and seen 
 their ancient cities, once the seats and centres of mighty empires, 
 overgrovt^n with forest, and the temples of their gods demolished. 
 
 He further added, says Velasquez, in a very subdued but sig- 
 nificant tone, that some few strangers, it was true, had been 
 taken to the city by its guards in the course of many generations, 
 but that none of them had been allowed an opportunity of be- 
 traying its existence and locality to the cruel rapacity of the 
 foreign race. He concluded by earnestly entreating them, since 
 he could not compel them as prisoners, to enter the city as 
 friends, with the view of residing there for life ; promising them 
 wives, and dwellings, and honors ; for even now, if they at- 
 tempted to retreat, they would be overtaken by thousands of 
 armed men on fleet horses, that would overpower them by their 
 numbers and subject them to a very different fate. 
 
 Mr. Huertis rejoined, through the same interpreter, that he 
 could destroy any number of armed men, on the swiftest horses, 
 before they could approach him, as the chief had already seen ; 
 and since he could enforce his exit from the city whenever he 
 thought proper, he would enter it upon his own terms, either as 
 a conqueror, or as a friend, according to the reception he met 
 with ; that there was now no race of conquerors to whom the city 
 
26 
 
 could be betrayedj even if he were disposed to do so, as the peo- 
 ple of the whole country, of all races, were now living in a state 
 of perfect freedom and equality ; and that, therefore, there was 
 no necessity for those unsocial and sanguinary laws which se- 
 cluded the Iximayans from friendly intercourse with their fellow- 
 men. Saying which, and without waiting for further colloquy, 
 he ordered his party to dismount, restore the horses to their 
 owners, and march with the train of mules toward the city, in 
 the usual style of travel. With this order, his Indians complied 
 very reluctantly, but on assuring them that it was a matter of the 
 highest policy, they evinced their wonted confidence in his judg- 
 ment and ability. To the young chief he restored his own richly 
 caparisoned steed, which had fallen to the lot of the unfortunate 
 Mr. Flammond, who was now lying desperately wounded, in the 
 care of the faithful Antonio. For himself and Senor Velasquez, 
 Mr. Huertis retained the horses they had first seized, and placing 
 themselves on each side of the Ixiraayan commander, with their 
 friend Hammond borne immediately behind them, in one of the 
 cane couches of the cavern, on the backs of two mules yoked to- 
 gether, they advanced to the head of their party, while the red 
 troopers, followed by the surviving bloodhounds leashed in couples, 
 brought up the rear. Huertis, however, had taken the precaution 
 to add the spears and hatchets of these men to the burdens of 
 the forward mules, to abide the event of his reception at the city 
 gates. The appearance of the whole cavalcade must have been 
 unique and picturesque ; for Velasquez informs us, that while he 
 wore the uniform of a military company to which he belonged in 
 San Salvador, much enhanced in effect by some brilliant additions, 
 and crowned with a broad sombrero and plume, Huertis wore 
 that of an American naval commander, with gold epaulettes ; 
 his riflemen and muleteers generally were clothed in blue cotton 
 and grass hats, while the native cavalry, in the brilliant tunics and 
 feathered coronals, already described, must have completed the 
 diversity of the variegated cortege. Had poor Hammond been 
 mounted among them, his costume would have been as equivocal 
 as his new complexion, for he had attired himself in the scarlet 
 coat of a British officer of rank, with several blazing stars of 
 glass jewels, surmounted by a white Panama hat, in which clus- 
 tered an airy profusion of ladies' ostrich feathers, dyed blue at 
 the edges. 
 
27 
 
 In passing fhe spot of the recent skirmish, they found that 
 mne horses and two men had been killed, the latter unintention- 
 ally, besides the rifleman of their own party. Many other horses 
 ■were lying wounded, in the struggles of death, and several of 
 their riders were seated on the ground, disabled by bruises or 
 dislocations. Huertis' men buried their comrades in a grave 
 hastily dug with the spears vdiich lay around him, while the 
 Iximayans laid their dead and wounded upon horses, to be con- 
 veyed to a village on the plain. The former, it was found, were 
 consumed there the next day, in funereal fires, with idolatrous 
 rites; and it was observed by the travellers that the native soldiers 
 regarded their dead with emotions of extreme sensibility, and 
 almost feminine grief, like men wholly unaccustomed to scenes of 
 violent death. But Velasquez remarks, that the strongest emo- 
 tion evinced by the young chief, throughout their intercourse, 
 was when he heard the word '' Isimaya," in interpreting for 
 Huertis. He then seemed to be smitten and subdued, by blank 
 despair, as if he felt that the city and its location were already 
 familiarly known to the foreign world. 
 
 As already intimated, the distance to the city was about sis 
 miles. The expedition found the road to it bordered, on either 
 side, as far as the eye could reach, with a profuse and valuable 
 •vegetation, the result of evidently assiduous and skilful culture. 
 Indigo, corn, oats, a curious five -eared wheat, gourds, pine-apples 
 •esculent roots, pulse, flax, and hemp, the white as well as the 
 crimson cotton, vineyards, and fruit orchards, grew luxuriantly 
 in large, regularly divided fields, which were now ripe for the 
 harvest. The villages, large and populous, were mostly com- 
 posed of flat-roofed dwellings with broad overhanging eaves or 
 architraves, supported by heavy columns, often filletted over 
 spiral fiutings, in the Egyptian style, and generally terminating 
 in foliaged capitals, of the same chara<3ter. None of the houses 
 were mean, while m.any were superb ; and of the moscjue-like 
 larger buildings, which occasionally appeared, and which were 
 supposed to be rural temples, some were grand and imposing. 
 A profusion of bold sculpture, was the prevailing characteristic, 
 and perhaps defect, of all. The inhabitants, who thronged the 
 wayside in great numbers, appeared excited with surprise and ex- 
 altation, on beholding the large company of strangers apparently 
 m the custody ©f their military, while the disarmed coiadition of 
 
28 
 
 the latter, and the bodies af the slain, were a mystery they could 
 not explain. Many of the husbandmen were observed to be in 
 possession of bows and arrows, and some of the women held rusty 
 spears. The predominant costume of both sexes was a pale blue 
 tunic, gathered in at the breast and descending to the knee, with 
 reticulated buskins, of red cord, covering the calf of the leg. 
 The women, with few exceptions, were of fine form, and the high- 
 est order of Indian beauty, with an extraordinary affluence of 
 black hair, tastefully disposed, and decorated with plumes and 
 flowers. At the village where the dead and wounded were left, 
 with their relatives and friends, doleful lamentations were heard, 
 until the expedition approached the city. 
 
 The walls of this metropolis were sixty feet high, sloping in- 
 ward from the foundation, surmounted by a parapet which over- 
 hung in a concave curve and rested upon a plain moulding. 
 They were evidentl}^ a massive work of a remote period, for 
 although constructed of large blocks of granitic «tone, white and 
 glittering in the sun, passing ages had corroded rough crevices 
 between the layers, and the once perfect cornices had become 
 indented by the tooth of time. The sculptured annals of the 
 city recorded them an antiquity of four thousand years. They 
 formed a parallelogram four miles long and three in width, thus 
 inclosing an area of aearly twelve square miles, and they breasted 
 the cardinal points of the horizon with a single gate, orpropylou, 
 midway on every sid^. On approaching the eastern gate, the 
 travellers discovered that the foundations of the walls were laid 
 in a deep foss or moat a hundred feet wide, nearly full to its 
 brink and abounding with water-fowL It was replenished from 
 the mountains, and discharged its surplus waters into the lakes 
 of the valley. It was to be crossed by a draw-bridge now raised 
 over the gate, and the parapet was thronged with the populace 
 to behold the entrance of so large a number of strangers for 
 whom there was no return. 
 
 At a signal from the young chief, the bridge slowly descended 
 and the cavalcade passed over ; but the folding gates, which 
 were composed of blocks of stone curiously dovetailed together^ 
 and which revolved upon hinges of the same material by a ball' 
 and socket contrivance above and below, were not yet opened, 
 and the party were detained on the bridge. A small oval orifice - 
 
29 
 
 only appeared, less tlian a human face, and a ear was applied 
 there to receive an expected word in a whisper. This complied 
 with, the ponderous gates unfolded, and a vista of solemn mag- 
 nificence was presented to the view. It was a vista at once of 
 colossal statues and trees, interminable in perspective and extend^ 
 ing, as it was found, the whole length of the city to its western- 
 gate. Incredible as it may be, until we reflect upon the ancient 
 statuary of the eastern world, Velasquez reports each and all of 
 these monuments as being exactly of the height of the city wall, 
 that is, sixty feet, and all possessing the proportions of the hu- 
 man figure. He adds, what is equally marvelous, that no two of 
 them were precisely alike in countenance, and very few m their 
 sculptural costume. There was some distinctive emblem upon 
 each, and he was informed that they were statues of the ancient 
 kings of Assyria, from before the foundation of Babylon, and ot 
 their descendants in the Aztec empires of this continent. They 
 stood sixty feet apart, with a smaller monument of some mytho- 
 logical animal between each, and were said to number one hun^ 
 dred and fifteen, on each side of the avenue they formed, which 
 was one hundred and twenty feet in width. A similar but shorter 
 avenue, it appears, crossed the city from north to south, having 
 a proportional number of such monuments through its entire ex- 
 tent ; and these two grand avenues ran through wide areas ot 
 green sward richly grouped with lofty trees. But the translator 
 finds himself trespassing upon forbidden ground and must for- 
 bear. 
 
 As the cavalcade advanced through this highway to the centre 
 of the city, they found it crowded on each side with the masses 
 of the population assembled to behold a spectacle so unprece- 
 dented and mysterious ; but the utmost order prevailed and even 
 the silence was profound. The news of the slaughter and dis- 
 person of their military guardians, by an army of strangers, 
 wielding deadly weapons of fire and smoke, had already ran 
 throuo-h every quarter of the city with increasing exaggeration 
 and terror ; but the people wisely left its investigation to their 
 constituted authorities, and were rendered comparatively tran- 
 quil by their personal observation of its actual results. Arrived 
 at the quadrated point, where the two great avenues we have 
 described intersect, Mr. Huertis boldly demanded of his guide 
 the further course and character of his destination. He was an- 
 
30 
 
 swered by his dignified companion, that he would be conducted to 
 the building immediately before him, which is described as one 
 of majestic dimensions and style, where the monarch of the nation 
 daily assembled with his councillors, at the hour of noon, to ad- 
 minister justice and listen to complaints. In the meantime, his 
 wounded friend could be placed in a state of greater ease and re- 
 pose, in one of the appartments of the edifice, while the mules 
 and baggage could be disposed of in its basement vaults. When 
 this was accomplished the hours of audience had arrived. 
 
 The entire party of strangers, with the young chief and seve- 
 ral of his subordinates, were then led into a large and lofty hall, 
 surrounded by columns, and displaying three raised seats covered 
 with canopies of rich drapery and design. On the one of these, 
 which stood at the eastern end, sat the monarch himself, a per- 
 sonage of grave but benignant aspect, about sixty years of age, 
 arrayed in scarlet and gold, and having a golden image of the 
 rising sun, of extraordinary splendor, displayed On the back of 
 his throne. On the seat on the southern side, sat a venerable 
 man of advanced age, not less gorgeously attired ; and the seat 
 at the western end was occupied by a functionary of similar years 
 and costume. Around the apartment, and especially around the 
 steps of the throne, sat other grave looking men, in scarlet robes. 
 Huertis, Velasquez, and their Indians, still carrying their loaded 
 rifles, of which he had not suffered them to be deprived, stood 
 on the left side of the monarch, and the young chief and his sol- 
 diers on the right. The latter gave his statement with truth and 
 manly candour, although the facts which he averred seemed to 
 fill the whole council with amazement, and left a settled gloom 
 upon the imperial brow. The whole proceeding possesses great 
 interest in Velasquez's narrative, but we can only briefly state 
 that it resulted in the decision, which was concurred in by the 
 associate councillors, that the strangers having magnanimously 
 i^eleased and restored the company of guards, after they had sur- 
 rendered themselves prisoners ; and having voluntarily entered 
 the city in a peaceable manner, when they might possibly have 
 effected their escape, were entitled to their personal freedom, 
 within the limits of the city, and might eventually, under vo- 
 luntary but indispensible obligations, become eligible to all the 
 privileges of citizenship, within the same limits. In the mean 
 
31 
 
 time, they were to be maintained as prisoners of state, on con- 
 dition that they made no use of their dangerous weapons, nor 
 exhibited them to terrify the people. With this decision, Huertis 
 and his companions were perfectly satisfied, for the latter had 
 undiminished confidence in his ability and determination to achieve 
 their escape, as soon as he should have accomplished the scientific 
 objects of his expedition. On leaving the hall of justice, they 
 observed the elder military chief, of whom a slight mention has 
 been made, brought in with two others of inferior rank ; and it 
 was afterwards currently reported that they had been sentenced 
 to close imprisonment. It was, also, ascertained by Velasquez, that 
 the four companies of rangers, already noticed, composing a regi- 
 ment of two hundred men, constituted the whole military force of 
 this timid and peaceful people. 
 
 From this point, our abstract of the narrative must be chiefly 
 a brief catalogue of the most important of the concluding events. 
 The place of residence assigned to our travellers, was the vacant 
 wing of a spacious and sumptuous structure, at the western extrem- 
 ity of the city, which had been appropriated, from time immemo- 
 rial, to the surviving remnant of an ancient and singular order 
 of priesthood called Kaanas, which, it was distinctly asserted 
 in their annals and traditions, had accompanied the first migration 
 of this people from the Assyrian plains. Their peculiar and 
 strongly destinctive lineaments, it is now perfectly well ascer- 
 tained are to be traced in many of the sculptured monuments of 
 the central American ruins, and were found still more abundantly 
 on those of Iximaya. Forbidden, by inviolably sacred laws, from 
 intermarrying with any persons but those of their own caste, they 
 had here dwindled down, in the course of many centuries, to a 
 few insignificant individuals, diminutive in stature, and imbecile 
 in intellect. They were, nevertheless, held in high veneration 
 and affection by the whole Iximayan community, probably as 
 living specimens of an antique race so nearly extinct. Their 
 position, as an order of priesthood, it is now known, had not 
 been higher, for many ages, if ever, than that of religious mimes 
 and bacchanals, in a certain class of pagan ceremonies, highly 
 popular with the multitude. This, indeed, is evident from their 
 characteristics in the sculptures. Theii° ancient college, or hos- 
 pital, otherwise vacant and forlorn, was now chiefly occupied by 
 a much higher order of priests, called Mahaboons, who were 
 
32 
 
 their legal and sacerdotal guardians. With a Yachin, one of the 
 junior brethren of this order, named Vaalpeor, a young man of 
 superior intellect and attainments, Velasquez soon cultivated a 
 friendly and confidential acquaintance, which proved reciprocal 
 and faithful. And while Huertis was devoting all his time and 
 energies to the antiquities, hieroglyphics, ethnology, science, 
 pantheism, theogony, arts, manufactures, and social institutions 
 of this unknown city and people, the ear of this young pagan 
 priest was as eagerly imbibing, from the wiley lips of Velasquez, 
 a similar knowledge of the world at large, to him equally new and 
 enchanting. If Huertis had toiled so severely, and hazarded 
 so much, both as to himself and companions, to acquire a know- 
 ledge of this one city and people, it soon became clear to the 
 penetrating mind of Velasquez, that Vaalpeor possessed enough 
 both of mental ambition and personal energy to incur equal toil 
 and risk to learn the wonders of the cities and races of the greater 
 nations of mankind. Indeed, this desire evidently glowed in his 
 breast with a consuming fervor, and when Velasquez, after due 
 observation proposed the liberation of the whole expedition, with 
 Vaalpeor himself, as its protected companion, the now consciously 
 imprisoned pagan, horror-stricken at first, regarded the proposi- 
 tion with complacency, and finally, with a degree of delight, re- 
 gardless of consequences. It was, however, mutually agreed 
 that the design should be kept secret from Huertis, until ripe for 
 success. A serious obstacle existed in his plighted guardianship 
 of the Kaana children, whom he could abandon only with his 
 life ; but even this was not deemed insurmountable. 
 
 In the meantime, Huertis, to facilitate his own objects, had 
 prevailed upon his entire party to conform in dress and habits 
 with the community in which they lived. The city was surroun- 
 ded on all sides by a lofty colonade, sustaining the upper esplan- 
 ade of the city walls, and forming a broad covered walk beneath, 
 in which the population could promenade, sheltered from sun and 
 shower.' In these places of general resort, the new citizens ap- 
 peared daily, until they had become familiarly known to the 
 greater part of the eighty-five thousand inhabitants of the city. 
 Huertis, moreover, had formed domestic and social connexions ; 
 was th-e welcome guest of families of the highest rank, who were 
 fascinated with the information he afforded them of the external . 
 world ; had made tacit converts to liberty of many influential 
 
33 
 
 persons ; had visited each of the four grand temples which stood 
 in the centre of the several quadrangular divisions of the city, 
 and externally conformed to their idolatrous worship He had 
 even been admitted into some of the most sacred mysteries of 
 these temples, while Velasquez, more retired, and avowedly more 
 scrupulous, was content to receive the knowledge thus acquired, 
 in long conversations by the sick couch of poor Hammond, now 
 rapidly declining to the grave. 
 
 Mr. Hammond's dreadful wound had but partially healed in the 
 course of several months ; his constitution was exhausted, and he 
 was dying of remittent fever and debility. His chief regret was 
 that he could not assist his friend Huerlis in his researches and 
 drawings, and determine the place of the city by astronomical ob- 
 servations which his friends were unable to take. The day be- 
 fore he died, he was visited by some of the medical priesthood, 
 who, on seeing numerous light spots upon his skin, where the pre- 
 paration with which he had stained it had disappeared, they pro- 
 nounced him a leper, and ordered that all intercourse with the 
 building should be suspended. No explanation would convince 
 them to the contrary, and his death confirmed them in their 
 opinion. Availing himself of this opportunity, and under the 
 plea that it was important to their safety, Vaalpeor removed the 
 two orphan children in his charge to one of the country temples 
 in the plain, and the idle mules of the strangers were employed to 
 carry tents, couches, and other bulky requisites for an unprovi- 
 ded rural residence. It may be added that he included among 
 them much of the baggage of his new friends, with the greater 
 part of their rifles and amunition. In the mean time Huertis, 
 Velasquez, and about half of their party, were closely confined to 
 the part of the edifice assigned for their occupation. Their 
 friend Hammond had been interred without the walls, in a field 
 apropriated to lepers by the civic authorities. Huertis, was 
 now informed of the plan of escape, but was not ready ; he had 
 more daguerreotype views to take, and many curiosities to collect. 
 The interdicted period of nine days having expired, the young 
 priest, who had free access to the city at all times, again appeared 
 at their abode and urged an early retreat, as the return of the 
 orphan children would soon be required. But Huertis was abroad 
 in the city and could not be consulted. He remained absent all 
 the day, and did not return to his appartments at night. It was 
 
34 
 
 so all the next day and night, and Valasquez was deeply alarmed. 
 On searching his rooms for his papers, drawings and instruments, 
 for secret transmital into the country, he found them all remov- 
 ed, including those of Mr. Hammond which were among them. 
 It was then vainly hoped that he had effected his escape with all 
 his treasures, but his Indians knew nothing of the matter. 
 
 Shortly after this discovery, Vaalpeor arrived with its explana- 
 tion. Huertis had made a confidant of his intended flight whom 
 he idly hoped would accompany it, and she had betrayed him. 
 His offence, after his voluntary vows, and his initiation into the 
 sacred mysteries, was unpardonable, and his fate could not be 
 doubted. Indeed, the trembling priest at length admitted that 
 he had been sacrificed in due form upon the high altar of the 
 sun, and that he himself had beheld the fatal ceremony. Huer- 
 tis, however, had implicated none of his associates, and there was 
 yet a chance of escape. To pass the gates was impossible ; but 
 the wall might be descended in the night by ropes, and to swim 
 the moat was easy. This was effected by Velasquez and fifteen 
 of his party the same night ; the rest either did not make the 
 attempt or failed, and the faithful Antonio was among them 
 The fugitives had scarcelj^ reached the secluded retreat of Vaal- 
 peor, and mounted their mules, before the low yelp of blood- 
 hounds was heard upon their trail and soon burst into full cry. 
 But the dogs were somewhat confused by the scent of so man 
 footsteps on the spot at which the party mounted, and did not 
 follow the mules until the horsemen led the way. This afforded 
 time for the fugitives, racing their swift mules at full speed, to 
 reach the opening of the valley, when Velasquez wheeled and 
 halted, for the pursuers were close at hand. A conflict ensued 
 in which many of the horsemen were slain, and the young kaana 
 received an accidental wound of which he retains the scar. It 
 must suffice to say, that the party eventually secured their retreat 
 without loss of life ; and by break of day they were on a moun- 
 tainous ridge many leagues from Iximaya. In about fourteen 
 days, they reached Ocosingo, after great suffering. Here Velas- 
 quez reluctantly parted with most of his faithful Indians, and 
 here also died Vaalpeor, from the unaccustomed toil and depri- 
 vations of the journey. Velasquez, with the two Aztec children, 
 did not reach San Salvador until the middle of February, when 
 
35 
 
 they became objects of the bigbest interest to the most intellec- 
 tual classes of that city. As the greatest ethnological curiosities, 
 in living form, that ever appeared among civilized men, he was 
 advised to send them to the United States, and thence to Europe ; 
 and they are at present exhibiting in this country'. When they 
 first arrived in New York, they were in the temporary posses- 
 sion of a person who, not knowing their true origin and race, ex- 
 hibited them as dwarfs ; but on the arrival of their appointed 
 guardian, with the journal and narrative of Senor Velasquez, 
 they were restored to their actual character, as stated in this 
 publication. They are supposed to be respectively eight and 
 ten years of age ; and both are lively, playful, and affectionate. 
 But it is as specimens of an absolutely unique and nearly extinct 
 race of mankind, that they claim the attention of physiologists 
 and all men of science. 
 
s(Y OP AN y/"^ ^^ ...- ^--^^ 
 
 W( EYEITFUL^XPEDITIOI^^ 
 
 c^, 
 
 
 C> RESULTING IN THE DISCOVERY OF THE IDOLATROUS CITY OF/^ 
 
 ^^REMARKABLE AZTEC^ CHILDREN, 
 
 V ^ ^^=:S->v_JL^D O^^T^-^n:) 'C-^^^C^i>' >- 
 
 ^Descendants and Speciniens of the Sacerdotal Caste, (now 1^ 
 
 O nearly extinct,) of the Ancient Aztec Founders of the 
 
 '^~~\ Ruined Temples of that Country, ,X7^ 
 
 o~y<j j:::^^ described by (^j;^ Q^fC^ 
 JOHN L. STEVENS, ESQ., 
 
 AND OTHER TRAVELLERS. 
 
 PEDRO VELASQUEZ,-xAi^C>^ 
 
 o 
 
 PRINTED BY J. W. BELL, 
 
 178 FULTON STREET. 
 
1^^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 >p» 
 
 
 *!^^ 
 
 
 
 S^ |3>:^»4S5^r^3^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
> ::;:>3>:^ m 
 
 ?3