^^i^'i:^^2g£g:g;!y:K;£g f i:agj£g:^»;;^g^^ ' ^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. % Chap CZ..^^p.Q Shelf UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ADDRESS LIFE, CHARACTER, ^ SERVICES OF COM. JACOB JONES. DELIVERED IN WILMINGTON TUESDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1850. SY vJOXTisr Tvr. cl^ytoit- WILMINGTON, DEL. : 1851. PREFACE. During the latter part of the life-time of the late Coniinodore Jacob Jones, he frequeutly expressed a desire that his body might iiually repose beneath the soil of his native State, lor which state he had always, during his eventful career, manifested the strongest re- gard and deepest attachment. When, therefore, the intelligence of his death had been received in the city of Wilmington, the citizens immediately determined to adopt such measures as would enable them to comply with his often expressed wish, and which would at the same time present them with an opportunity to exhibit that respect and gratitude for him which a long life of brilliant and meritorious services in the defense of his country, had so eminently entitled him. In pursuance of this in- tention, application was made through Lieut. J. P. Gilliss, U. S. Navy, to the family of the deceased, to permit the mortal remains of the illustrious Commodore to be removed to the State of Delaware : the Wilmington and Brandywiue Cemetery Company having vol- untarily and generously offered a lot in their cemetery grounds for the final resting place of the remains of this distinguished officer. The family liaving readily acquiesced in the removal, accordingly on the 26th day of October, 1850, the last sad and solemn ceremo- nies were performed with appropriate civic and military honors. As a connected biography of the late Commodore Jacob Jones has not been published, nor yet much of his private history known except among his personal and particular friends, the Hon. John M. 3 Clayton, who for a long series of years had been his Avarm and de- voted friend, and, perhaps more than most others, was familiar with his private and public life, was requested to deliver in the city of Wilmington a eulogium on the life, character, and public services of Commodore Jacob Jones. Mr. Clayton promptly acceded to this request, and on the 17th day of December, 1850, in the saloon of the Odd Fellows Hall, before a larg^ assemblage of the citizens of Delaware, pronounced in the " address" contained the following pages. COMMODORE JACOB JONES. Conscious as I am of my inability to do full justice to the memory of Commodore Jacob Jones, who has reflected so much honor upon his country, yet I have not felt at liberty to decline the duty assigned to me by those wlio have had the superintendence of the sad rites connected with the interment of his remains in the bosom of his native State. 1 have felt that duty to be the more im- perative upon me, because I had the honor of a long personal acquaintance with the deceased, which had ripened into a friendship that terminated only with his life. The memory of the virtues of that gallant officer is engraved deeply on the hearts of those who enjoyed the pleasure of knowing him. But much of the history of his early life is lost, or only to be restored by the remi- niscences of ancient men, who were the comj)anions of his youth, very feW' of whom still survive to recount the incidents of that period. He was born near the town of Smyrna, in the county of Kent, in Delaware, in the month -of March, 1768; so that at the time of his death, on Saturday, the 3d of August last, he was in the eighty- third year of his age. Those Avho associated with him in the bloom of manhood, have often in my hearing delighted to eulo2;ize his character and relate events eon- 6 iiected with his early history. His father was an inde- pendent farmer of exemplary moral and religious character, and his mother was of a family greatly respected. She died while he was an infant, his father soon followed her to the grave, and at four years of age he was an orj^han. But he received a liberal and classi- cal education in his youth, and afterwards studied medi- cine for four years under the direction of Dr. .James Sykes, of Dover, whose fame as a physician and surgeon was widely spread throughout the country. He closed his professional studies in the University of Pennsyl- vania, and returning to Delaware practiced as a phy- sician in the county which gave him birth. He was there distinguished and beloved for the benevolence, integrity and frankness of his character, and he enjoyed the entire con'fidence, not only of the first citizens, but of the highest authorities in this, his native State. He was appointed by Governor Joshua Clayton Clerk of the old Supreme Court of Delaware. He married the daughter of the distinguished gentleman under whose direction he commenced the study of his profession, and continued his residence in Kent until the death of that lady, to whom he was most devotedly attached. In the thirty- first year of his age, he relinquished the pursuits of civil and professional life, and entered the Navy of the United States, of which he was destined to become one of the brightest ornaments. At that period, there was indeed strong inducement for a spirit as daring and jjatriotic as that of Jones to abandon the tranquility of private life, and gather laurels in the service of his country : and the ocean seemed to present tlic most ;i]i]ir<)|iri:iU' theatre for one whose bosom glowed with th(3 love of fame, uiid wiiose character was marked by a contempt of danger. Tlie aggressions of France and Enoland on the commercial marine of this country had swept nearly every American merchant ship from tlie seas. It is said that prior to the Convention of 1800, France alone, nnder various pretexts, had captured and destroyed about two thousand American vessels. The sea swarmed with letters of marque under the tricolored flag of the new Republic, empowered by the French Government, in defiance of the treaties of 1778, to seize every neutral vessel which could be found without a role d' equipage, or containing the most trivial article to justify a suspi- cion that any part of her cargo was designed for a Brit- ish market. At the same time, the aggressions upon our commerce committed by Great Britain, for the purpose of crippling France by stopping the supplies of food from this country, were scarcely less atrocious. Our national flag was every where dishonored by these powerful belligerents, who, while engaged in a war of the fiercest and most vindictive character ao-ainst each other, seemed to concur only in the single purpose of plundering our commerce. Our country was impov- erished, the national treasury was exhausted, and the Government could rely no longer for its repletion upon import duties, the most available means of supply de- signated by the Constitution. But amidst all this dis- tress, the spirit of the nation had been effectually roused, and the Government first looked to the chief aggressor for redress. Negotiations had failed. French promises had resulted only in fresher and more asfii'ra- vated spoliations upon our commerce, and measures of retaliation were directed by Congress, as well to prevent further aggressions as to compel France to make com- pensation for the injui'ies we had suffered. The condi- tion of public affairs was indeed strange and anomalous. It was not acknowledged to be a state of war by either party. Yet our dock-yards resounded with the ham- mers of workmen equipping men-of-war for battle against French cruisers ; and the ocean blazed with naval conflicts between the ships of the two contending Republics. At that period many patriotic bosoms burned with de- sire to avenge. the wrongs of our country ; and Truxton slied new and unfading lustre on the glory of the American name. Can we fail at this day to pay the just tribute of our gratitude to the memory of the bi'ave, who, while the nation was yet in its infancy, sprang forward to defend it against one of the most powerful nations of Europe. Our Navy, upon which we now depend as the right arm of the nation's defense, then consisted of but five frigates, nineteen sloops of war, and a few ships of an inferior class ; and a contest with the well-equipped frigates and heavy ships of the line of the aggressor, seemed to promise little besides disaster and defeat. Fifty-one years have rolled away since the country, prostrate and bleeding under the blows of the great belligerents of Europe, appealed to her children for re- dress. Yet she has not forgotten, and never can forget, those who obeyed her call. It was then that Jones, who enjoyed the friendship and gloi-ied in the fame of Trux- ton, Ibrsook tiie paths of private life, abandoned all the pursuits and studies and scenes, which had become en- deared to him l)y the recollections of youth and early manhood ; and, tliough i)ast tlie age of thirty, accej)ted a midshipman's warrant, that lie might do battle for his injured country. His first commission as a naval officer bears date on the 10th day of April, 1799. The intelli- gence of the capture of the French forty-gun frigate, r Insurgenie,hy Truxton in the Constellation, an Ameri- can frigate of thirty-eight, had just reached our shores, and within thirty days after that victory, which revived the drooping spirits of our countrymen and incited the gallant and daring to the rescue, the name of Jones was enrolled on the list of the defenders of his country. It has often been remarked of Jacob Jones, that he always enjoyed in an eminent degree the confidence and esteem of his brother officers. By their aid he soon be- (;ame distinguished in his new profession ; and it was ever a subject of pleasant reflection Avitli him, that he won by his good conduct the approval, support and friendship of the veterans in the American Navy. Bearing the character of one of the bravest of the brave, the insolent and the arrogant were awed into decency in every association with him. The haughty, who might have desired to trample on one so mild and unoffending in his deportment, avoided unnecessary con- flicts with a man universally known to be as lion-hearted as he was gentle in his manners. His course in early life had eminently fitted him for hard service ; for he had been addicted from youth to the sports of the field, excelled in manly exercises, and had ever been tempe- rate and abstemious in his habits. His old and intimate companions, when he entered the service, it is said, pre- dicted that he, who had always been foremost in the fox chase, would soon become the best sailor on the deck ; and confidently foretold his rapid rise in a profession which called into exercise the peculiar qualities which distinguished him. The reputation whicli he speedily 10 gained iu his new lorofession seemed to vindicate their sagacity. On the 22d of February, 1801, he rose to the rank of Lieutenant. On the 20th of April, 1810, he was made a Master Commandant ; and on the 3d of March, 1813, he was again promoted and rated as a Post-Captain in the Navy of the United States. He never sought to avoid the discharge of any duty merely because it was unpleasant or laborious. He loved his new profession because it enabled him most effectually to serve his country. His life, during the stormy struggle which ended with the peace of 1815, and for a long period after that, was one of continued hardship ; for he actually served at sea, at various periods after he entered the navy, twenty-two years and and nine months. His last cruise of three years and two months in the Pacific terminated in the month of October, 1829, when he was in the sixty -second year of his age. He was afterwards honored with the most important commands in the service on shore, at the Navy Yards at Baltimore and New York, and the Naval Asylum near Philadelphia. He remained in the Navy nearly fifty- two years, and he was regarded by his brother officers, to whom the kindness of his nature prompted him to offer every instruction, when applied to, which could inure to their good, or the good of the service, as pos- sessing a fund of experience, skill and knowledge of his profession unsurpassed by any of the nautical men whom our country has produced. He made his first cruise under Commodore Barry, then regarded as the father of our Navy, served in the frigate United States, in the Ganges, and in the frigate Philadcl[)lii:i, in which last he was captured before Tri- 11 poll. He endured twenty months' severe captivity among the barbarous Tripolitans, but his powerful con- stitution remained unimpaired. After the Tripolitan war, he served on the Orleans Station, and commanded the brig Argus, which was ordered to protect our south- ern maritime frontier. In every station he conducted himself to the satisfaction of his Government. To those who are unacquainted with the private virtues and peculiar characteristics of the lamented dead, the topic of chief interest in his history is the glorious action with the British man-of-war "Frolic," on the 18th day of October, 1812. The victory of Jones was the more splendid, as the British ship was superior in force to his own. In our other naval en- gagements with British ships during the war, we were met, according to the British accounts generally, by vessels of inferior power. The salve for the pride of our haughty foe in every defeat was to be found in the difference of metal, the number of men, or of width of beam, or of the condition of the ships, or of some acci- dental circumstance, without which, it was always con- tended, victory would have followed, as its necessary destiny, " the meteor flag of England." But it has generally been acknowledged that the Frolic was superior in force to the Wasp. She was, in fact, superior by four twelve-pounders ; and though in company with four other British armed vessels, under her convoy, mounting from twelve to eighteen guns, when the Wasp bore down upon her, Captain Whinyates, her commander, manifested no wish to avoid the combat or to avail himself of the assistance of any others ; but desiring to enjoy the exclusive honor of capturing the American ship, he directed the other 12 vessels under his control to pass ahead, while he alone prepared for action. The confidence thus evinced by the British commander in his own superiority, is a circum- stance not to be overlooked in rating the relative strength of the combatants. His readiness to enter the action without the additional force under his command, has furnished all fair men on both sides of the water with the answer to the British apology for the result, that the Frolic had met with an accident, and had her mainyard on deck when she engaged. The Wasp had lost her jibboom and two men in a heavy gale, two days before the action ; and her maintopraast was shot away between four and five minutes from the commencement of the firing, and "falling" says Jones, in his ofiicial account " together with the maintopsail yard, across the larboard and fore and foretopsail braces, rendered our (the Wasj^'s) headyards unmanageable the remainder of the action." In thi-ee minutes more, as he adds, " the gaff and mizzen-topgallant mast came down ; and at twenty minntes from the beginning of .the action, every brace and most of the rigging were shot away." Yet the ship thus crippled in her rigging proved to be the victor in the struggle ; a fact which shows the British excuse of crip23led rigging could not account for the result of a l)attle fought, during a great ])art of it, while the shij)s were nearly in actual contact. The loss on board the American ship was fivenien killed and five wounded ; while Captain Whinyates, in his official report, states " not twenty of the crew of the Frolic escaped unhurt," thus showing the number of killed and wounded in the enemy's vessel to have been from eighty to one hundred, or more than eight to one, as compared Avitli the loss of the American ship. 13 The hull of the AVasp sustained but little damage, while the Frolic had been " hulled at almost every dis- charge, and was virtually a wreck when taken possession of by the Americans." The combat lasted but forty- three minutes. It terminated in boarding the Frolic, whose decks were strewed with killed and wounded, every seaman having gone below except the man at the wheel. It ought not to be forgotten, in relating the history of this action, as a fact redounding to the credit of the con- querors, that notwithstanding the excitement of such a scene, and all the excesses into wdiich both seamen and soldiers are so naturally led when storming an enemy's post or boarding his deck, not a single Englishman was injured by an American hand, after the officers on deck threw down their swords in token of submission. No fact could more clearly indicate the influence of Jones over his crew. The hero whose voice in^ the hour of battle rang in the ears of a true sailor, like the notes of a war-trumpet, was in the hour of victory mild and o-entle : and his heart overflowed with kindness to a brave but vanquished foe. His own generous nature had prompted him, and he had taught his companions to be " in battle the lion — but the battle once ended, in mercy, the lamb." How different was the scene of mer- ciless massacre presented on the decks of the unfortunate Chesapeake, when she was boarded and captured by the crew of the Shannon ! As an American citizen, I would rather have the honor, and at this day I have no doubt every intelligent Englishman would prefer the honor, of claiming these conquerors as countrymen who in the fiercest of their wrath remembered mercy, rather than those who, however splendid their triumph, lost their 14 humanity in the hour of battle, and blotted their fame with the blood of the vanquished. While contemplating this picture, bright and glorious as it justly appears on our side, we can and should do full justice to the enemy who gallantly fought until four- fifths of their crew were wounded or slain. The solitary British sailor at the wheel of the Frolic, whose name is unknown, wliose memory, so far as I have learned, has never been preserved, but who, according to the account of our naval historians, when from the stem to the stern of that noble vessel, besides himself, only two or three bleeding officers were left standing, ^^ still maintained his post with the spirit of a true seaman to the very last." Death in its most terrific forms was before him and around liim ; and it seemed to him that he touched it, and still it did not appal him. When the hull became a wreck, and the falling spars and sails covered up the dead, and crushed the limbs of the wounded, who were shrieking in their agony; when the masts all fell, and our boarders swept the deck, with their steel pikes bristling before him ; when tlie hopes of reward had vanished ; when rhe victory was gone, and the defeat certain ; yet still • that single seaman stood at his post and wrung from his generous enemies the applause due to one who, under any circumstances, dared to discharge his duty. Amidst the trying vicissitudes to which this nation may be sub- jected in ages to come; amidst the dangers to which the Union may be exposed in future times, may every American resolve as this man did, under all discourage- ments and disasters, come life or death, to be true to the duty and faithful in the station assigned to him by his country. Of the spirit which animated the Americans in this 15 battle, I shall have further occasion to speak before I have clone. (3f the consequences of this victory one of our naval historians says : "They who understood the power of ships, and ex- amined details with a real desire to leai-n the truth, dis- covered that a new era had occurred in naval warfare. While these critics perceived and admitted the sui)e- riority of the American frigates, in the two actions that had previously occurred, they could not but see that it was not in proportion to the execution they had done ; and in the combat between the two vessels, that has just been recorded (the Wasp and the Frolic), the important fact was not overlooked that the enemy's vessel had suf- fered as severe a loss in men as it was usual for the heaviest vessels to sustain in general actions. Hitherto, English ships had been compelled to seek close contests with their foes ; but now they had only to back their topsails to be certain of being engaged at the muzzles of their guns. There was no falling off in British spirit ; no vessel was unworthily given up ; and it was necessary to search for the cause of this sudden and o-reat chano-e ni the character of the new adversary. The most cavil- ling detractors of the rising reputation of the American marine were reluctantly obliged to admit that naval combats were no longer what they had been ; and the discreet among the enemy saw the necessity of greater caution, more labored j^rei^arations and of renewed efforts." =•== Jones had been directed to take the command of the Wasp in 1811, and before the war broke out had been sent to England and France with despatches from our Government. AYar was declared after his departure, but * Cooper's " History of the Navy of tlie United States," vol. 2, ch. v. 16 he returned safely through all the enemy's cruisers, re- fitted his vessel immediately and sailed on a cruise from Philadelphia, just six days before his action with the Frolic. His official despatch, giving an account of the action and of the ca^^ture of both ships by the Poictiers, 74, on the same day, is regarded as a model report, on account of the direct, lucid, unostentatious and con- densed character of its composition. It inspired, not only our Government, but our whole country, with a perfect conviction, that ship to ship, and man to man, we were a full match for the foe. No action was fought during that war, which tended more than this to elevate the character of American seamen, both at home and abroad. The success of Jones in this action has always been justly ascribed, not less to his own superior skill and seamanshij:) than to the bravery and discipline of his officers and crew. His j^hm was to close with the enemy, drive her men from the decks by bags of buckshot, which he had ])ut into his guns for the purpose, and then carry her by boarding. Captain Whinyates is said afterwards to liave complained of the havoc made among his men by what he called Jones' " goose-shot," and I well remember to have heard a gentleman, who went with a flag of truce from the Governor of Dela- ware, on board the Poictiers, Avhile she was lying off Cape Henlopen and blockading the bay, relate that, while dining on that occasion with Commodore Bere^ ford, the latter complained of these buckshot (to which he attril)uted the result of the battle), as not having the justification of sufficient precedent in naval warfare to sustain the use of them. " For the purpose of showing me," said my informant, "how the battle was won, the 17 Commodore directed a servant to bring some of the cart- ridges taken out of the Wasp ; and to my surprise (and to my infinite amusement when I looked at the counte- nance of the Commodore), he cut oj^en with a dessert knife one of these cartridges, out of which r.olled a great number of buckshot besides the balk" But there was another order, not less effective, given by Jones and faithfully obeyed by his crew in this action, which was to fire with their cannon at the English vessel (the sea being rough at the time), as that vessel rose on the bil- lows. The Frolic, on the contrary, fired chiefly as the American ship descended with the wave. The effect was soon perceived in the wreck of the hull of the Frolic and the terrible slaughter of her crew, while the loss was but small among the crew of the Wasp, whose hull scarcely sustained any injury, her damage being chiefly among her masts, spars and rigging. Ample justice was done by Jones, in his official report, to his officers and crew. The spirit which fired their bosoms in that gallant action, was the same which per- vaded the hearts of their countrymen in all their naval conflicts. The x\merican sailor had been taught to con- sider himself as the peculiarly appropriate avenger of the wrongs suffered by his messmates and brother sailors from British impressments. The story of the sufferings of those who had been imj^ressed had reached the ear of every American seaman. The cruelties of the pressgang were the subjects of daily discussion in the forecastle, as well as in the mess-room of the officers ; and whenever, with the British flag in view, the beat of the drum called the American sailor to quarters, he apj^roached them with a bosom burning for revenge on those who had enslaved his comrades, and even sometimes compelled 18 tliem to fight against their country. He made the quarrel his" own ; he did not consider it merely the quarrel of the nation ; and he fought with an energy and a desperate courage unsurpassed in the history ol the seas. When he suffered it was in a cause of his heart's approving ; and not a few who perished died with a cheer for " sailors' rights " upon their lips. The blood shed by these gallant men, in a struggle against a cruel oppression, was not shed in vain ; for although Great Britain refused, at the time of negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, to relinquish or limit her claim to impress, yet in fact she -has never shice attempted the practical exer- cise of the right then asserted by her, well knowing as the ministers of the Crown had long known, and now know, that the impressment of an American citizen, na- tive or naturalized, would be followed by immediate war. It may be interesting in this connection, and it is but justice, to observe that the claim of the Government of Great Britain never did extend beyond the impressment of British seamen in private merchant vessels. But they denied the privileges of citizenship to such as had been naturalized under our laws, having been previously British subjects; and the abuse by the subordinate officers of the Crown in the exercise of their claim extended not only to foreign seamen in the American service, but to native Americans also, and to ships oi war as well as merchant vessels. While the government disclaimed these abuses, and proffered redress, still the abuses were continued. When Mr. King was minister in England, he prevailed on the British Government to disavow the right to impress American citizens, whether native or naturalized, on the higli seas; and an arrange- ment of the whole question had progressed so far that 19 articles were prepared for signature, aud about to be signed, on this basis, when Lord St. Vincent broke uj) the whole negotiations by insisting on an exception of the " narrow seas," which our Government held to be utterly inadmissible. It is probable that had the agreement of Lord Hawkesbury to renounce the British principle in favor of the rights of our flag, and to prohibit impress- ment on the high seas, been then embodied in a treaty between the two countries, the foundation would then have been hdd for an amicable adjustment of all the other difficulties. The continued refusal of England to disavow or relinquish her unjust pretensions in this regard aggravated the sense of wrong suffered from her paper blockades, and her orders in council, and at length produced a singular result, from which a useful moral may be drawn by every government which delib- erately seeks to practice injustice. At this day. Great Britain, although we have no treaty with her on the subject, dare not exercise the pretended right to impress any American seaman, or to search any American ship for the purpose of impressing her own seamen ; and were she now to offer to renounce all her former pretensions in this respect, pretensions which cost her a bloody and expensive war, and wdiich caused a most unhappy alien- ation betw^een the people of the tw^o countries, there is not an American statesman to be found that would not disdain to treat with her on such a topic. His answer would be that he could not even nominally recognize the existence of such a claim, that the right to the free navigation of the seas by his countrymen should never be made to depend upon any treaty, and that we would answer any attempt to violate that right at the cannon's mouth. 20 When Jones returned to the United States, after his action Avith the Frolic, he was received with applause by his Government, and with gratitude and admiration by his countrymen. The usual thanks and rewards of victory were unanimously voted by Congress, and he was everywhere greeted as a champion who had fully maintained and vindicated the naval character, and the honor of the nation. But he enjoyed nothing so much beyond the consciousness of having done his duty, not all the brilliant entertainments and medals he received, as the heartfelt joy of his old friends, and the triumph of his reputation in his native State. He was honored with a public festival at her capital. Her legislature appointed a committee to wait upon him and express the " pride and pleasure " they felt ; they heaped praises and congratulations upon him, and voted him an elegant service of plate with appropriate engravings. ^ His por- trait has ever since adorned one of her legislative cham- bers, and his best monument will ever ])e found in the hearts of her people. No higher testimonial of the estimate in which he was lield by the Government, could have been bestowed upon Jones, than that which after his victory, was speedily conferred on him by the President, in his appointment to the command of the frigate Macedonian. This ship had then recently been captured from the British, and had not shared the fate of other British frigates, which had been burnt or sunk iji their capture, but had been brought safely to an American port by Decatur. It was at once foreseen that her recapture would be eagerly sought for by the enemy, and that she would i)robably become an object of the most desperate struggle on both sides, incase they could overtake her with another heavy 21 frigate. The honor of this critical command was assigned to Jones. The fine ship to which he was thus advanced, with the frigate United States, bearing the broad pen- nant of Commodore Decatur, was shortly after blockaded at New London, by the Brttish squadron, of which the Ramilies, T4, was the flag-ship. During that blockade, a proposition, it is said on good authority, w^as made by the American officers to engage a British blockading frigate, of equal force, with either of the American frigates, barring the interference of other vessels, but the commander of the British squadron declined it. During the whole war Jones was constantly in ser- vice. Indeed, during the whole remainder of his life he was engaged in the public employment, either on sea or land. A writer, well acquainted with his character, justly ranks among the noble qualities for which he was dis- tinguished, his love of exact truth and uncompromising hatred of injustice. He adds, that " courage, firmness and sincerity were parts of his nature ; his entire, calm self-possession never left him under any circumstances;" that "he was a man of great intelligence, being a gene- ral reader, and wrote tersely with few words, having a natural faculty of condensation. In neither speaking, nor writing, nor in any occupation or event of his life, did he hesitate to express his full opinion, which always coincided with what was right, honorable and patriotic." His perfect self-command, when duty to his country urged him to control his temper, which was quick as lightning to resent an insult, is illustrated in the anec- dote regarding a combat between a number of his ship's crew, when ashore at Valparaiso, with the cholos, or la- borers of the mixed caste, in the town. In the midst of 22 the battle Jones arrived, and perceiving the injury which our commerce might suffer and the controversy into which our country might be drawn, he succeeded in separating the combatants by drawing off liis men, who reluctantly submitted to be driven by him to the laud- ing. The cholos, who owed their safety to his interfe- rence, poured upon him, as he retired, a shower of stones, one of which struck him and wounded him severely in the face. It would have been an easy matter to avenge the outrage in blood, by permitting his saiWrs to charge back upon the ruffians; but he coolly wiped his face, only remarking that "i^ was wonderful with what jyreci- sion those fellows could throng'' and without suffering himself to be for one moment ruffled by such an ignoble brawl, urged his men safely on board his ship, as if he were inca})able, not only of revenge, but even of anger, against such low and degenerate antagonists. Yet the same man, on another occasion, when an American civil- ian, in a foreign port, had been insulted by a foreign military officer, who r