639 _ . (y / py 1 ^ bk4l^. t(.- STERILITY IS LAID." PROF. VILLE'S NEW SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE. AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE BEDFORD, W. H., FARMERS' CLUB, FEBRUARY 28, 1868. By JOHN A. RIDDLE, Esq Published by request of Club. Third Edition. PRICE TWENTY -FIVE CENTS. Address SOLOMON MANNING, Sec^y of Club, Bedford, N. H., Or JOHN A. RIDDLE, Manche.ster, N. H. MANCHESTER, N. H. : PRINTED BY CHARIES F. LIVINGSTON. 1868. 14 Years Established. EVERORKEN TREES. Arbor Vitm Tree as it comes di- rect from the forest; often ill- formed. Yet if wanted, price is only one-third the cost of well- grown nursery trees of the same height. Nursery-Grown. A good Arbor Vitse Tree, forming very perfect hedge at once, sure to live if carefully re- moved and transplanted with skill. The two cuts above illustrate the relative beauty between forest and nursery grown Arbor Vitse. The cut directly following shows a compact hedge of this ever- green. Arbor Yitje, 2 to 4 years transplanted, thrif- ty grown, stocky plants : DOZEN. HUNDRED. THOUSAND. 4 to 9 inches, $ .50 $2.50 $15.00 9 to 12 " 1.00 6.00 40.00 12 to 18 " 1.50 8.00 60.00 18 to 24 " 2.00 10.00 80.00 24 to 30 " 2.50 15.00 100.00 30 to 3& " 3.00 15.00 3 feet, very compact in form, for sepai-ate planting, 50c. each. The hardy native evergreens of northern forests, T transplant by the 100.000 yearly. Nerway Spruce, White Spruce, Slack Spruce, Fir Salsarn, Heniloch, A.pple and Pear Trees, Small Fruits, Grape Vines, &c. Send for Catalogue by mail, with 12 cuts of fruits and trees. J. W. MANNING, Proprietor, Reading, Mass. c; STERILITY IS LAID.' PROF. VILLE'S NE¥ SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE. AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFOKE THE BEDFORD, N. H., FARMERS' CLUB, FEBRUARY 28, 1868. Br JOHN A. RIDDLE, Esq. Published by request of Club. Fourth Edition. PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS. Address SOLOMON MANNING, Sec'y of Club, Bedford, N. H.» Or JOHN A. RIDDLE, Manchester, N. H. MANCHESTER, N. H. : PRINTED BT CHAELES F. LIVINGSTON. 1868. N i' ^*' BEDFORD (N. H.) FARMERS' CLUB. Col. GEORGE W. RIDDLE, Chah-nian. SOLOMON MANNING, Esq., Secretartj. NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Gen. NATT HEAD, Hooksett, President. AARON YOUNG, Esq., Portsmouth, Secretary. Col. GEORGE W. RIDDLE, Bedford, Treasurer. DIRECTORS. Gen. NATT HEAD, Hooksett. Hon. DAVID GILLIS, Na.shaa. WARREN F. DANIELL, Esq., Prankliu. EDWARD GUSTINE, Esq., Keene. J. W. COGSWELL, Esq., Gilraanton. MERRIMACK VALLEY POULTRY ASSOCIATION. FRANKLIN TENNEY, Manchester, President. CHARLES EVERETT, Weare, Vice President. EDWIN P. RICHARDSON, ManchesteP, Secretary. GEORGE W. RIDDLE, Bedford, Treasurer. KXECUTITE committee: A. W. QUINT, Manchester. VIRGIL C. OILMAN, Nashua. W. G. GARMON, Manchester. JOHN B. SANBORN, East Concord, WILLIAM T. EVANS, Manchester. lit ftXCIiAl»0» ^ 'j N »U4 ADDRESS. It has long been conceded that if the ordinary farmer could ascertain the essential constituents of the soil of each lield he was cultivating, so that he could adapt his crops to the soil, it would be of vast advantage to him. Ill this early day of Agricultural Colleges, few farmers possess the requisite knowledge to make an analysis oi soils in accordance with present chemical rules ; and if they did, such are the imperfections of that system that little practical good would be derived therefrom. While we were engaged in suppressing a gigantic rebel- lion which threatened the very life of our country, a man in Europe, having every advantage of position and sci- ence, perfected a system, which having been tested from flower -pots to large fields, culminated in presence of hun- dreds of farmers and others who had met to witness the crops as they were being harvested, and convinced the most incredulous. An English writer says : " It is not extravagant in stat- ing that light has thus replaced darkness ; that order has succeeded chaos, and that the phantom of sterility is laid." An American writer says: "It is impossible to doubt or question the importance of his investigations. " For four years previous to 1864, many curious visitors were shown plots of ground manured and sown in accord- ance with Prof. Ville's system. Some of them had been planted four times in succession with the same kind of 4 crop, giving at the commencement what he calls a com- plete manure, and adding yearly the ingredients principal- ly absorbed b}^ the crop. Upon others the crops were changed yearly, so that each year the particular crop re- quired principally a different agent, then, after passing through the series furnished by the complete manure, the ingredient principally required by the crop proposed should be added till the crop showed, by a falling ofl", that the complete manure w"as again wanted. U]ider these cir- cumstances the crops reached to results of irrefutable elo- quence. Still other plots with one and another of the el- ements omitted, in which vegetation was feeble and almost nothing in proportion to the quantity and quality of the el- ement omitted, thus furnishing a means of ascertaining the comparative richness of soils. Asfriculture has little need to concern itself about the ingredients which are found in sufficient quantity in nearly all soils, as silica, alumina, manganese, iron, chlorine, etc. ; but to those which exist in slight proportions, and which are essential to the growth of plants, since vegetation is impossible without them, as phosphate of lime, potash and lime. Each plant contains all these essentials, but in different proportions, as wheat, corn, barley, rye, etc., contain more phosphate; beans, peas, potatoes, etc., both phos- phate and potash ; hay, etc., more lime. The phosphate of lime is largely obtained from bone, and no fixrmer should allow a single one to be lost. Dr. Nichols in his "Chem- istry of the Farm and Sea," gives the following directions for preparing bones : "Take a sound common molasses cask, divide in the middle with a saw, into one half of this place half a barrel of Jlnely-gvomid bone, and moisten it with two buckets of water, using a hoe in mixing. Have ready a carboy of oil of vitriol, and a stone pitcher holding one gallon. Turn out this full of the acid, and gradually add it to the bone, constantly stirring. As soon as effervescence subsides, fill it again with acid and add as before ; allow it to remain over night, and in the morning repeat the operation, add- ing two more gallons of acid. When the mass is quiet, add about tAvo gallons more of water, and then gradually mix the remaining half barrel of bone and allow it to rest. The next day it may be spread upon a floor, where it will dry speedily if the weather is warm. A barrel of good loam may be mixed with it in drying. It may be beaten fine with a mallet, or ground in a plaster mill. If several casks are used, two men can prepare a tun of excellent superphosphate after this method in a day's time. Again, take 100 lbs. of bone beaten into fragments small as possible, pack them in a tight cask or box with 100 lbs. of good wood ashes ; mix with the ashes before packing 25 lbs. of slaked lime and 12 lbs. of salsoda, powdered fine. It will require about 20 gallons of water to saturate the mass, but more may be added from time to time to maintain moisture. In two or three weeks the bones will be broken down completely, and the Avhole mass may be turned out upon a floor, and mixed with two bushels of dry peat or good soil and after drying it is fit for use." Extensive quarries o:^ minerals, containing a large per cent, of phosphate of lime, are found scattered over the surfiice of the earth, in chalk coprolites, fossil bones, nodules, apatite, &c. JPotash is principally obtained from wood ashes : other sources are becoming known, as the water of the first washing of greasy wool, the mother waters in the manu- facture of salt, felspathic rocks, &c. A French agricul- tural writer, alluding to the large quantity of potash re- ceived from America, says : "It is an excellent thing that the wild desert should be impoverished to enrich the in- dustry of civilized countries." Lime is obtained from the inexhaustible beds of lime- stone throughout the country. 6 These essential elements combined vvitli a nitrogcnou)^ matter, and added to any kind of soil, suffice to render it fertile — with them plants can hctually be fabricated. N^itroqenous matter is that which contains nitroa^en in a suitable condition for vegetation, as ammoniacal salts or nitrates. The sources of nitrogen are the air, ammonia from gas works and sewage water, nitrate of soda (salt- peter), decomposed animal matter, urine, &c, (The urine of a single individual is estimated to be of more value in a year than a cord of manure.) No dead animal should £ be thrown away, but put into the compost heap to make a f very rich and valuable manure — a slight covering of muck ! or loam will absorb the ammonia so as to render it inoffen- sive. Prof. ViLLE, a scientific Frenchman, after fifteen years experimenting, substituted for soil an artificial mixture, all the elements of wdiich were clearly defined. In this way he succeeded in producing vegetation in pots of china with burnt sand and perfectly pure chemicals. Under these circumstances he carried on the four following ex- periments, viz : 1. Burnt sand alone'. 2. Sand with a nitrogenous substance. 3. Sand with minerals only. (Phosphate of lime, potash and lime.) 4. Sand Avith the nitrogenous substance and' minerals. He sowed on the same day, in each pot 20 grains of the same wheat, of the same weight, and kept them moist with distilled water during the entire period of vegetation. At the harvest the following facts were observed, viz : No. 1. The plant was very feeliie, the crop, dried, weio:hed only 93 orains. No. 2. The crop still very poor, was, however, better than No. 1, — it weighed 140 grains. No. 3. It was a little inferior to the preceeding, — it weiofhed 123 o-rains. 7 No. 4. It weio'hecl 370 oTaiiis. « From these experiments we eoiicliide that each of the agents fulfils a separate and combined action, as the effect in combination was much better than that produced sepa- rately. With nitrates, lime and potash, leaving out the phos- phate of lime, vegetation is not possible — the seeds ger- - minated and scarcely arrived at four inches in hight ; the plants withered and died. A mixture of lime and potash is, therefore injurious to vegetation, unless united with phosphate of lime. If with the same agents a trace (one hundred thousandth) of phosphate of lime be added, you will obtain a plant — meagre it is true, but which does not wither and die. With phosphate of lime in sufficient quantity, the crop rises to 370 grains. If the potash be left out the plant does not die, but the crop is inferior to that given by ni- trates alone, — it descends to 123 grains. Potash is then less indispensable than phosphate of lime, as its absence does not, as with the phosphate, cause the death of the plants. Experiment has shown that soda cannot be sub- stituted for potash. No substitute of the essential ele- ments of plant-food is possible — the plant detects the slightest shade of differeAce. Without potash, soda exer- cises no influence upon the yield — therefore with regard to wheat, potash is of the first importance.* In the absence of lime, the crop weighed 340 grains in- stead of 370 with the combined agents or complete manure. This seems to indicate that lime plays only a secondary part, but practice obtains very good effects from its use. Substitute sand and Jnimus (vegetable mould), for sand without lime, the yield remains the same, 340 grains — the humus has no action either useful or injurious, but if we *George E. ■White, Esq., of New York, says : Experiments have led me to believe that vifith sulphate of soda substituted for potash In the formula, the same or nearly the same result is ob- tained. add the lime (in the state of carbonate) in this same ex- periment, the yield rises to 493 grains. The seed being equal to 1 ; the crop with complete man- ure equals 23 ; less nitrates, 8.83 ; less potash, 6.57 ; less phosphate of lime, 0.77 and died; less lime, 21.62; add humus 33.35. The lime, which in the absence of all organic matter, influences the yield but little, manifests a very decisive ac^ tion in the presence of humus. Humus, alone, produces no effect. These experiments show that to produce plants, the soil must contain, in a condition suitable for plants, nitrates, phosphate of lime, potash and lime, and to assure the ben- efit of the lime, the presence of humus is indispensable. It will now be seen why agricultural experiments made upon soils more or less fertile, have not and cannot lead to any practical conclusion. If an agriculturist had the ' idea of adding to a field al- ready containing phosphate of lime, a manure containing nitrogenous matter, potash and lime, he would obtain a magnificent harvest — he would sound the praises of his manure. Others, trying the same experiments, upon fields which happen to contain no phosphate of lime, will be sad- ly disappointed, as this manure will lower the yield, and will be injurious, unless accompanied by phosphate of lime. We have seen that four essential agents are sufiicient to assure fertility of soils, and that the suppression of one of them lowers the yield to a very important extent. If a soil is naturally provided with phosphates, its suppression in the manure will produce no bad effect. Whenever the manure without phosphates produces a crop equal to that which does contain it, we may conclude that the soil is nat- urally provided with it. The same holds good in regard to lime, potash and nitrates. Cultivate the same gtoil with manure deficient in each, and according as thej produce 9 good or bad crops, draw your conclnsions as to the pres- ence or absence of these agents of fertility. This new method banishes all hypothesis, as it rests up- on the following facts, proved by experience, viz : 1. Minerals and assimilable nitrates produce good crops everywhere ; used separately, they are always with- out effect. 2. Lime is useful only in presence of humus. 3. Lime and humus produce great effects only in pres- ence of minerals and nitrates. This method adapts itself to all the wants of the farmer, since, it is sufficient to scatter a few handsful of a known fertilizing manure upon a field to indicate, at the time of harvest, what the soil contains, what it wants and conse- quently what must be added to it to render it fertile. It \& practicable, as it requires no difficult manipulation, no apparatus, and employs only the usual processes of cul- tivation. The following are the results obtained in three different soils, compared with those given by burnt sand under sim- ilar conditions : COMPLETE MANURE. 3 fl OS a s 1! 3." o a 3 3 O 4) a o O o ® 3 o 3 ^ ^ fe: ^ ^ ^ ^ Burnt Sakd G 24 8 7 22 32 No. 1 5^- 4 11 32 9 6 8 22 No. 2. 29 35 16 20 9 28 18 28 No. 3 32 Reasoning in the same manner with regard to the other elements, it contains neither nitrates, potash, nor lime since in their absence it is not more fertile than burnt sand ; on the other bnncl, it eontains traces of phosphate of lime, for where it wa;? not added, it yielded a light crop, while in the sand the plants invariably perished. The soil (jf No. 2 contains hmnus, a little nitrogenous matter, a little potash and a very small quantity of phos- phates. The soil of No. o is rich in humus, phosphates, potash and lime, but poor in nitrates. These are positive data, which we can employ in fertiliz- ino- soils ; let us see to what extent thev were verified in practice on a large scale. WHEAT. — CROP PER ACRE. AVEKAGE or THREE TEARS CROPS. OJ P cS .a J2 s « » §•■ e •*^ •p o j: s C & ,ij ,jj ■^ _^^ "S- o g a S3 r^ ■^ S o o ^ ^ ^ ^ lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 11,001 5,903 6,952 3,617 8,580 4,313 16,117 4,721 11,059 fjRllI 4,825 16,904 10,569 12,893 14,838 15,884 This table shows that without phosphates the crop was nearly equal to that with a complete manure — without pot- ash, it sensibly diminished; without nitrogenous matter, it was very inferior. The complete manure gives an in- crease over that without nitrates, 60 per cent. ; without minerals, 31 per cent. ; without potash, 15 per cent. ; without phosphate, 7 per cent. These results are almost exactly like those derived from experiments on a small scale. The plant, therefore, becomes one of the most perfect instruments of analysis, the only one in the present state 11 of science, capable of making known, practically, t\w composition of soils. Burnt sand and complete manure without pliosphatc causes the death of plants. In the soil from No. 1, the same compound gave a crop equal to 6, which proves small quantitie** of phosphate of lime in the soil; 'if one hundred -thousandth of phosphate of lime be added to the bin-nt sand and complete manure, except phosphate, the yield rises to 6, showing with cer- tainty the presence of one hundred -thousandth of phos- phate of lime in the soil of No. 1. The accuracy of this method in relation to the other el- ements is no less remarkable. Three ten -thousandths of potash cause the yield to pass from 8 to 32. One ten- thousandth of lime, in presence of humus, raises it from 12 to 24. We are then in possession of a means of analy- sis, the perfection of which yields in no respect to the most delicate processes of the chemical laboratory, the results of which are verified exactly by cultivation on large scale, capable, consequently, of throwing a sin-e lighfe> up on agricultural operations. To put it into practice, the agri- culturalist will only have to reserve some square plots in a field, to which he will give complete and partial manures of the following composition for the surface of an acre : COMPLETE MANURE. 6 3 O a <6 Is 3 a 0) be a .a « o 4> p a a . p- ». 3 ^ c: 2 p,"* -a 2 j3- a O ^ ^ ^ ^ Nitrate of Soda. (Nitro- genous matter) Carbonate of Potash 488 Ibi. 352 " 488 lbs. 48.S lbs. 352 " 488 lbs. 352 lbs. 352 " Phosphate of Lime 352 " 352 " 352 lbs. 352 ■' 132 " 132 " 132 " 132 lbs. 12 At the harvest he will carefully note the results obtained, and for the following year he will fix upon that which his soil requires, and, consequently, upon that which he must add to render it fertile. Dr. Nichols, in his "Chemistry of the Farm and Sea," says the sulphate of magnesia should be added on New England soil. ^Ye can by this method, ascertain the agricultural properties of soils, and by its aid construct true agricultural maps, by means of experimental fields disseminated through the country upon lands belonging to the diflerent geological formations. There exists four regulating agents j^ar excellence in the production of vegetables : nitrogenous matter, phosphate of lime, potash and lime. To preserve to the soil its fer- tility, we must supply it periodically with these four sub- stances in quantities equal to those removed by the crops. All arable land contains a portion of these necessary ele- ments. It has long been admitted that the soil will not yield crops without manure, and the best manure found in practice is the dunghill. ANALYSIS OF MANURES FROM DIFFERENT mmkl^.-Stochhardt. FRESH EXCREMENT. FRESH URINE. A ^ c3 =j o fli & m IN 1,000 POUNDS. a a "TS 2 bD 03 bo C3 A ci ^ fa o p -§ o g o 01 ^ O Pi lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. Cows . . . 3 1 H 8 14 HOKSB 5 6 3 3 6 SI- 12 14 3 15 20 2 Sheep i Hog Human 7 10 1 ^ Of 100 lbs. of nitrogen, in the food of a cow, 40 are lost, 48 remain in the manure, and 12 goes to milk. To obtain this manure we must raise or keep stock ; to feed it requires pasture. If all the crops are consumed on the farm by the animals, we find in their excrements al- most the whole of the phosphates and potash contained in their food. About two -thirds of the nitrogen would be returned to the soil in the manure, the loss of the other third Avould impoverish the farm unless an equivalent be found in clover which mostly derives its nitrogen from the atmosphere. Thus the raising of cattle does not sensibly impoverish the farm. By the use of the new method we may abolish the old practices and replace them by a simpler agriculture, more manageable and more remunerative. Instead of, by great care and precaution, maintaining the fertility of the soil, we reconstitute it by means of the four agents pointed out, which can be derived from the great storehouse of nature and added to the usual stock of farm manure. No rotation of crops is necessary, no cattle. We produce at will the crop wdiich best serves our interest and export the whole, if to our advantrge. We cultivate the same crop upon the same soil, indefinitely, if we desire. The soil is mere- ly a medium of production, in which we convert at pleasure the four agents in the formation of plants into this or that crop as suits us. All that is required is to maintain these four elements in sufiieient proportion that the crops may obtain the quantity their organization demands. We hold the balance in our own hands and as one of the scales tends to rise we restore the equilibrium by loading the other. In the old system the balance was maintained blindly, frequently one of the useful elements failed and the crops were also deficient. In the new, the plants finding in abundance all they require, always attain their largest pos- sible growth ; the crops are also much more abundant as may be seen by the following table : 14 YIELD PER ACRE. OLD PROCESS. NEW PROCESS. (Straw. 8,250 lbs.) Wheat, \ Ul ,889 lbs. (Grain, 3,639 " ) ( Straw, Wheat, a (Grain, 15,270 lbs.) )- 23,520 lbs. 8,250 •• j (Straw. 5.414 " ) Peas... < )■ IMQ " (Grain, 2,166 " ) ( Straw, Peas . . . -l (Grain, 10.014 " ) - 12.863 " 2,849 " ) Beetuoot Roots 6,978 " Beetkoot Roots, 20,110 •' Complete manure creates fertility everywhere ; but it is not necessary always and everywhere to have recourse to SO expensive a CDmpound. By suppressing the nitrates, the yield of wheat is considerably reduced, but that of peas and vegetables is not affected. Suppress potash and the yield of vegetables suifers most; phosphate of lime, tur- nips, parsnips and roots generally will show the v/orst ef- fects. Thus, in each kind of crop there is one element which exercises a more particular influence upon the yield. The folio Aving law will, therefore, regulate the new prac- tice : Although the presence of the four agents of fertility in the soil is necessary and indispensable for all plants, the necessities of various cultivations are not the same in re- gard to the quantities of each of these agents ; ie. : each crop has its leading one. 15 ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CROPS. (Patent Office Report.) -a a o Phosphate of lime. .2 aj So s a! 3 30.00 13.00 32.5 9.6 16.S 19.1 26.00 17.2 19.S • 18.4 55.8 28.1 36.3 4.7 33.3 53.1 37.00 28.7 55.5 14.6 21.7 46.00 5.00 44.9 7.1 18.2 2.6 46.3 3.8 35.2 3.1 12.6 7.6 33.5 4.8 37.6 7.2 . 9.7 9.3 8.4 13.7 9.9 12.00 S.OO 1.4 6.6 7.7 3.8 11.2 2.4 8.6 4.1 5.3 7.1 8.5 6.9 8.00 6.7 3.6 3.1 S.4 3.6 4.9 3 00 Wheat — (Straw 6 00 ( Grain 1 4 COIIN " (stalk 8 00 Oat8. . . (Grain 3.9 (Straw....- 8.1 4 2 Rye ( Straw 9 1 ( Grain 2 6 Barley (straw S.l ( Tubers 2.1 Potatoes.. 1 Tods 17.00 ( Peae 5.4 Peas 1 Straw 54.9 ( Beans 5.8 Beans "' (straw 20.00 ( Bulbs 11.1 Turnips . . (Tops 23.3 Clover. . . . 32.8 LUCERNK. . 50.6 Meadow 13.9 If we wish to cultivate a piece of poor land, we begin • by giving it the complete manure to create a sufficiency of the four agents of fertility. We raise one or two crops of cereals upon this manure ; then give, each year, the dom- inant element of the crop we propose to raise. If we adopt a rotation of four years with such crops that, at the end has received the four agents, we can continue thus in- definitely without ever requiring the complete manure. 16 The same system is applicable to a fertile soil ; only we may dispense with the first dose of complete manure, and^ commence with the dominant element of the first crop we desire to raise. If we wish to continue the same crop indefinitely, we employ its dominant ; taking care to apply the complete manure as soon as a- reduction in the yield shows the neces- sity of so doing. By these simple combinations we are in possession of a new method of agriculture much more pow- erful than its predecessors. Formerly, the total matter placed by nature at our dis- posal was limited ; all that the old systems could do was to maintain the fertility, not increase it. Under the influence of the new method matters at pres- ent without value, which scarcely serve as materials of construction and of which nature possesses inexhaustible stores, can be converted into vegetable products, forage, to nourish the animals upon which we feed ; and cereals, to produce bread, the most valuable of our resources. To combine the agents of fertility which have reposed in o-eoloo-ical strata since the foundations of the earth were laid, to place them at the disposal of the small farmer, will be to o'ive fertilitv to millions of aci'es devoted to the small farmer, and create prosperity among millions occu- pied in agricultural industry. Practical experience has proved that with this complete manure it is possible to raise abundant crops, — that the increase of yield has been more than three tons per acre. The following results a\\ow for tliemselves : No. 1. — Wheat. — Third crop from the same land with- out fresh manure since the first application. CROP PER ACRE. WITHOUT MANURE. WITH COJirLETE MANURE. Fo. 1.. (Straw,.... 704 lbs. 1 (Grain,.... 198 " i 897 lbs. 5,913 lbs.) [ 8,S17 lbs. 2,464 " ) 11 ]^o. 2. — WHExiT. — Fourth crop, without fresh manure since the first. WITHOUT MANURE. WITH COMPLETE MANURE. No. 2. I Straw,.,.. 1,074 lbs. (Grain,.... 316 " 1,390 lbs. 4,629 lbs.) } 6,389 lbs. 1,760 " 1 No. 3. — Colza (a species of cabbage). — After two crops of barley, without fresh manure. WITHOUT MANURE. WITH COMPLETE MANURE. No. 3. (Straw,.... 5, 632 lbs.) )■ 6,952 lbs. ....1,320 " ) (Grain, 7,700 lb3. 2,410 b3.) 110 lbs. No. 4. — Beetkoot. WITHOUT M.VNURE. WITH COMPLETE MANURE. (Leaves, 14,696 lbs.) 1601 J. .. U9,312 1bs. (Roots, 44,616 " ) (Leaves, 7,040 " ) 1862 \ U9,096 " (Roots, 12,056 " ) 1863 Crops destroyed by worms. (Leaves, 6,204 lbs.) 1864 \ \- 22,748 lbs. (Roots 16,544 " ) 14,344 lbs. 47,960 " 9,680 " 21,820 " 62,304 lbs. 31,500 " 6,618 lbs 24,990 bs. ) 608 lbs. No. 5. — After two crops without manure. COMPLETE MANURE. Leaves, 7,700 lbs Roots, 30,624 OS. \ . }38,3-^ 324 lbs. No. 6. — After three fine crops of wheat without fresh manure. COMPLETE MANURE. Leaves, 7,304 lbs. ) > 44,130 lbs. Roots, ...36,826 " ) 18 THE POTATO DISEASE. Ever since the first appearance of this vegetable plague, experi- ments have been going on in various parts of France, and espe- cially at Vincennes lately, with a view to determine its nature and the means of averting it. Different kinds of manure have been applied to the soil for the latter purpose, and from the observations collected, a certain theory has been deduced not without import- ance to agriculturists. Thus, if all the fertilizing ingredients, viz.: nitrogen, lime, phosphate of lime and potash, be mixed up in given proportions, the compound thus formed is called complete manure. The sub- stance which seems to have an elective salutary power over the growth of a plant is called dominant; thus nitrogen is the domi- nant of wheat, rape and beet; potash that of the leguminous species, and phosphate of lime that of turnips, etc. To find the one that corresponds to potatoes, the above complete manure has been successively deprived of one or another of its principles, and from the table of results thus formed it appears that potash is the dominant required, because an acre that with it would produce 437 bushels of the tuber in question, without it Avould not yield more than 156 bushels. Experiments made in 1867 show that nitrogen does not play so important a part in this particular case as was supposed, and that its action depends very much on the sort of crop that had preceded the potato. Prof. Ville gives the following, per acre, as the best manure for the usual cultivation of that tuber, viz.: acid phosphate of lime, 160 lbs.; nitrate of potash, 80 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 120 lbs.; sulphate of lime, 160 lbs. The observations registered in 1866, at Vincennes, now seem to prove that the potato disease makes its appearance in those fields in which the manure is heavily charged with nitrogen, and also where the soil is poor in potash or phosphate of lime. These results, if confirmed by further experience, might lead to a perfect suppression of the disease by a proper management of the ground. Note. — The table on page 12 is doubtless per hectare, two and a half acres, instead of acres ; an error in translation, as it is a greater yield than ever known per acre. The ratio of increase for the use of the Complete Manure remains the same. J. A. R. th^ '-\^f'^'^ S COMPObT or method of chemicalizing manure and tilling the soil rendering the whole mass ot manure about equal to the best superphosphate, and savins the tamer flftf per cent of hard labor in tilling the soil. The chemicals cost.aboutCrdXr3Der^r^^^ are easily procured in all towns. It is adapted to all kinds of soil, espSlyight soil and wul hold out twenty per cent, longer than crude manure; it gives little o? no trouble to Brenarrt and herein is its great value. To illustrate its eflfects on spring crops : a farmer ma'V^ake ten cords crude manure, and I will take live cords chemicaUzed aiid produce at lea?tthe%«mp resul , and not do but about half the amount of labor he does. No fertihzer'in tl e hill «quire^ It is invaluable for wheat, preventing rust and weevil, and filling kernel plump To sum k all up in one sentence, give me an old worn out farm, with vitality exhausted/and two c^rds of crude manure per acre, in the fall, and if the next year is medium for grass, "will filUheo?d barn with good hay, if ever it was tilled in one year by that farm. I havefwith on! co?d of ma- nure produced 5 tons of hay on land previous year producing only }i ton. ' One rewipt's fort^S dressing and fruit, the other for all spring crops, and are five dollars each In ^derinMhem please copy and sign the foUowing obligation, and send it together with the money: ' *-*?^l?^F°,^,~^^' ^^^ undersigned, on our honors, pledge ourselves not to divulge the Sr5oli°al"cS,^?sTrard^^cX"e?f " '^^ ^"^ ""« ''^^' ^^ °— usc^le^ss^ufei^^l What is said by nearly all who have tested the Compost : J. F. DEAN, Feance-stown, K. H. Although late when I received your Top-Dressing Receipt, yet the result is hiehlv satis- factory, so much so that one hundred dollars would not induce me to give tup. It surpasses any other tertilizer I ever used. o"<= ^i up. ii surpasse* J. THING, Alton, N. H. - i V-lf*^ y^"^*^°'?P,?^* ^''*' '=°™ ^""^ wheat, with one-half my usual amount of manure and no fertilizer m the hill; my corn was the best I ever raised; my wheat, one half was dressed with crude manure, the other half with your compost ; that ef the compost was by far the best When growing, the difference could be seen a» rods oft ; am fully satisfied with result. JOSEPH CROSS, Ag't City Farm, Manchestek, N. H. I planted 2 acres of com for contrast. No. 1, plowed twice and applied ten cords crude when "t ^°" P'o^y«kia, K. H. 1 chemicalized all of my manure last spring, and with one half my usual amount of manure I got better crops et aU kinds than ever before, especially of wheat, which was not troubled with rust or weevil. AU of my neighbors who have your receipts have obtained about the same result ixs my sGlt. J. p. BTJESIEL, AuBUKX, N. H. I used your compost in contrast with four other special fertilizers ; your compost came out best of all, and the manure was not half chemicaUzed at that. ne ' '''°d * l^^'''^ ordering these receipts, fearing them to be a humbug, for that is an article I VoccHERs.— We have known Hfr. Clark for many years ; he is a man of good standing, hon- est and responsible. FREDERICK S31YTH, Ex-Governor of New Hampshire. PHINEAS ADA.MS, Agent, Stark MUls, Manchester. WA'TERMAN SMITH, Manchester. JOSEPH B. CLARK, Ex-Mayor of Manchester. JOHN B. CLARKE, Editor Mirror, Manchester. Hon. DANIEL CLARK, Judge TJ. S. Court, Mai , Manchester. Address : JOSIAH CLARK, Manchester, % fi, ( 10) iJ Jr6 " f^ .MAXL'FACTL'EED BY HENRY BOWER, Chemist, PHILADELPHIA. MADE I'KOM SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIMB, AMMONIA AND POTASH. WARRAIS^TED FREE FROM ADULTERATION. This Manure contains all the elements to produce large crops of all kinds, and is highly reconiraended by all who have used it; also by distinguished chemists who Iuvac, by aual^'sis, tested its qualities. Pached in Sags of 200 pounds each . DIXON, SHARPLESS & CO., Agents, 39 South Water, and 40 South Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. FOE SALE BY W.TLLIAM: REYNOLDS, 79 South Street, Baltimore, Md. And by dealers generally throughout the country. DIRECTIONS FOR USE. The " Complete Manure " is particularly ivell adapted for use in the drill, as it is in fine poivder and dry. When sown in the di-ill for Wheat or Eye, apply one hundred to two hundred pounds to the acre. For Wheat or Rye sown broadcast, apply from three hundred to four hundred pounds to the acre. When sown in the drill for Oats, apply from one hundred to one hundred and fifty pounds to the acre. For Oats sown broadcast, use one hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds to the acre. For Corn, a haudfull to three hills ; if sown broadcast, two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds to the acre. For Potatoes, three hundi-ed to three hundred and fifty pounds to the acre. For Grass, use one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty pounds to the acre. For Tobacco or Cotton, use four hundred pounds to the acre. (As the Tobacco plant requires a stimulant at a certain time of its growth, the " Complete Manure " is confidently recommended for this, as it contains elements peculiarly adapted to this plant, increasing the growth and flavor of the Tobacco.) Foi- Early Yegetables, Small Fruits and Peach Trees, at the rate of four hundred to five hundred pounds to the acre ; applied in the row or hill it will produce them very quickly. These directions apply to good soil, or moderately good, and in a fair state of cultivation; upon poor or worn out land, or that which has been badly tilled or neglected, the quantities ought to be increased. (20) TESTIMONIALS. Bedford, N. H. October, 22, ISGS. Ml!. Silas A. Iiiddle : — I puicbased last spring a small quautity of Bower's Com- plete Manure, and tried the same by side of Phosphate and other Manures ; also planted by side of it a row with Manure of no kind on it, and the difference in favor of the Complete Manure was evident, as far as could be seen. The land was sandy loam. I shall use the Complete Manure in preference to any kind of artificial Manure I ever tried yet. Bcspectfully Yours, ALBERT J. KNIGHT. Bedford, N. H. Jan. 20, 1868. f used Bower's Complete Manure last season (1868) ia addition to Barn Yard Manure, and it caused a much more rapid growth of the corn, of a more thrifty color and appearance, so it could be plainly discovered one fourth of a mile distant. I also tested it alongside and in comparison with a Superphosphate, the " Complete Manure " being much the best. The soil was a heavy gravelly loam. DAVID R. BARNARD. Testimonial from Mr. Miller of tbe firm of Cooke & Miller, Marketracri, Manchester. Mr. Silas A. Riddle.— Z)e«r Sir:-- I used Bower's Complete Manure the past season of 1868, in contrast with stable Manure and ashes, twenty loads of Manui-e composted with six hundred bushels of ashes, at the rate of from six to seven loads to the acre. .The " Complete Manure," at the same cost per acre as near as I could judge, gave me the best results. I also tried it in contrast with a Superphosphate, with the same amount. Would give the " Complete Manure " the preference, say from one fourth to one third. The land was a sandy loam in the Valley of the Merri- mac. If this is of use to you, you have the privilege to make use of it. Yours Respectfully, ROBERT M. MILLER, Bedford, N. H. Testimonial from Eev. Wm. Riclianlson. Maxchestek, N. H. January 21, 1860. Mr. Silas A. Riddle. — I used " Bower's Complete Manure " the past season upon a crop of potatoes. * The soil was light sandy loam, one half acre was ploughed once, four small one- horse loads of night soil was spread upon the surface, the rows were three and one- half feet apart, hills about three feet, seeded with large potatoes (Davis Seedlings) cut into four pieces, one piece in a hill. Two hundred pounds of the " Complete Manure " was distributed upon the piece, in the hill ; crop hoed once ; yield, 65 bush- els large, fine potatoes, and five bushels small ones, making seventy bushels ; quality very fine and no rot. W. RICHARDSON. " Bedford, N. H. January 22, 1861). I used " Bower's Complete Manure " last season upon a crop of potatoes, the soil was a gravelly loam. I contrasted it with three other commercial fertilizers, also with cew Manure, and with hen-dung, and think the " Complete Manure " gave the best results, at least the growing crop showed best where that was applied. I was sick at harvest and did not carry the experiment throngh as intended. I applied all the commercial fertilizers at the rate of dOOlbs per acre. CHARLES H. KENDALL. I used "Bower's Complete Manure" in comparison with several Phosphates, on my crops in 1868, and it gave the best results. ISAAC N. RIDDLE. Effects of tbe " Complete Manure " upon soil that had been planted many years without rotation of crops. Bridgewateu, Vt., Feb. 7. 1869. Mr. Silas A. Riddle.— The" Complete Manure " we had of you last spring, gave very good satisfaction with all who used it, and think there will be a call for it this spring, but I cannot tell at present, how much. Mr. Vaughan says where he used hog manure side by side ivith the " Complete Manure " on corn ground, the latter (" Complete Manure " ) proved much the better. Messers. Wood & Mitchell used no other manure and raised a good crop. Mr. Josselyn has become a convert to the use of it, and thinks he will want some this year. My own corn went beyond my own expectations. As you know the land had been in corn for many years and had failed of a good crop for several past years. The complete manure is just the thing for oar soil. Yours respectfully, R. D. BRIGGS. Orders solicited throughout New England by SILAS A. EIDDLE, 193 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H. Refer to Col. Geo. W. Ridulk, Treas. N. H. State Agricultural Society. ( 21 ) EtI?.Oi;V]VITVO-'^ None Genuine \("ithout the above mark. MADE UPON STRICTLr SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES. This article is entirely diflfcrent from anj' other ever oflfered to the public. Its composition y^iW vary, and contains such ingredients only as the tree, fruit, plant or crop for which it is intended requires ; thereby enabling the buyer to avoid purchasing a large quantity of what he does not want, in order to get a small quantity of what he really does want, which I know, from experi- ence, is true with many, if not all of the pliosphates that are in the market. No fertilizer can be good and cheap at the same price for two crops whose constituents are entirely different ; it may be good for both, but must be dear for one or the other. For example, if a phosphate should con- tain ingredients that would be cheap for wheat, at any given price, it is absurd to think that the same phosphate would be equally cheap at the same price for another cr{>p, whose constituents are entirely different. It cannot contain ingredients for two articles of an entirely different na- ture in such proportions as to be equally cheap for one as the other. I am confident that there is a great deal of money thrown away for pnosphates of different kinds, from the fact that they did not contain what the desired crop needed ; and in many cases the crop would have been better without it at all ; while if the same article had been used for other crops of a different na- ture, it would have doubly paid for its cost. I have been carefully experimenting for several vears, and any one who will take the trouble to visit my farm near Ellisburg, N. J. five miles from t'amden, where I am constantly experimenting, may see where I produced a growth upon Peach and Pear trees of six feet six inches in one season, and fruit upon the same unusually large and line, while trees right alongside, equally good in every respect, not having the phosphate on them, did not grow one foot in the same time, and produced no fruit at all. I will be prepared to furnish. at short notice, a phospliate for an acre of fruit,— vine or tree fruit,— and all ordinary plants or crops that are grown in this country, such as wheat, rye, coi'n, grass, and all kinds of vegetables. I^~The reader will please bear in mind that in sending orders, the articles for which it is in- tended to be used must be mentioned, and kind of soil also, if you wish the worth of your monev. As I have said before, two articles of an entirely different nature must not be furnished with the same kind of food ; the article I prepare for grains would be dear at half its cost for fruit,— an d vice versa. PRICE OF browning's EXCELSIOR PHOSPHATE IS AS FOLLOWS : For Fruit Trees and Grape Vines, $65 per ton For all other Crops $60 per ton Put up in Barrels containing from 275 to 325 lbs. each. All that is asked is a fair trial alongside of any other fertilizer at any price, Peruvian Guano not excepted. BROWING'S INSECT PREVENTIVE, For the protection of plants ag ainst the ravages of the Bug and Worm. Also, beneficial as a fertilizer. Ten Cents per Pound. ^P~See circulars for directions. ALSO, FOR SALE, PERUVIAN GUANO AND BONE DUST. Warkasted strictly pdrb. Such as I use in manufacturing my Phosphate. This Bone Dust is made from bones direct from slaughter-houses, containing all tiie virtues that bones possess. It is seldom you can get bone-dust of this quality. Sample will be sent by maU on receipt of P. 0. stamp. It is as fine as flour and will act quickly. Bone Dust put up in bags of 200 pounds each. Price, S60 per ton. Orders for one ton and upwards delivered in Philadelphia, or at either of the Camden depots free of charge. On orders for a less quantity a reasonable charge for delivery will be made. All orders must bo addressed to tlie manufacturer. GEO. L. BROWNING, JVo. 20 MarUet Street, Catnden, N. J, Full partlcalarg fu? using will be furnished. Send for pamphlet, (22) LofC. The old and longest established Standard Manure. Rhodes' Ammoniated Super-Phosphate, Prepared for such as are disposed to make their own combination. Itili' RHODES' MANURES', m their preparation, are made equally adapted lor forcius; large craps of COTTON, CORN, WHEAT, TOBACCO, POTATOES and OTHER ROOT CROPS. The Manufacturing Department is conducted by Frederick Klett, one of the most skillful Chemists and Manufacturers in the United States. It is indorsed, approved and recommended by all the most prominent Chemists and Agriculturists in the Southern States. Also by Prof. Jas. .Johnson, of the Yale Analytic School. They can be relied on as uniform in quality ; always reliable, productive of large crops and unexcelled by any in the market in the high percentage of TRUE FER- TILIZING PRINCIPLE. TOBACCO PLANTING. From numerous and careful experiments with Rhodes' SuPER-PnosrHATE, we confidently recommend it to planters for this important staple. Our correspondent at Havana, Cuba, writes : " In one Parish, which has been the principle purchaser, Rhodes' Manure is superseding already every description of Guano, and with time we must arrive at the same result in other Parishes." The Genesee Farmer recommends " Rhodes " used in this way : First After preparing the beds for the seed, scatter over it broadcast from two to three pounds of Super-Phosphate per square rod ; rake it in and sow the seed. It will not hurt the seed. The Super-Phosphate will hasten the germinating of the seed and the growth of young plants. It will develope the fibrous roots of the plants, to that when they are pulled up there will be more soil adhering to them, and they can be transplanted with less uncertainty. In transplanting we would apply the Super-Phosphate at the rate of 300 pounds per acre in the hills. It will not hurt the roots of the plants if put in the hole with them, but it will be better, perhaps, to mix the Super-Phosphate a little more with the soil, though the great value of Super-Phosphate consists in giving the plants an early start ; for this reason it should be near the roots during the early growth of the plant. $50.00 per ton cash, bags or barrels. Time sales can be arranged with city accept- ance. The usual discount of the market allowed dealers. B. M. RHODES & CO., Oflire Xo. 83 South Street, Baltimore, Mil, (33) BRADLEY'S SUPER - PHOSPHATE OF LIME. WAMMANXJED JINIlTOItM IN QLAI^ITT. The Animal Matter contained in the entire bone is restored to this Compound in the most concentrated form, making a powerful Manure. jes= Pamphlets giving di- rections for use sent free of charge on application. Manufactured by ^W^M. L. BRADLEY, 24 Broad Street, Boston. TESTIMONIALS. FROM THE BOSTON CULTIVATOR. Ex-Gov. Holbrook on Bradley^s Super- Phosphate. — I have used Bradley's Super- Phosphate of Lime for several years, with invariably good results, and commend him for his integrity in manufacturing it. Bradley's Super-Phosphate is excellent for about every vegetable grown in the garden ; for yards and lawns, and the various shrubs cultivated therein ; for corn and potatoes in field cultivation ; and especially when stocking land to grass, whether in the usual way, with a grain crop in spring, or with grass seeds alone in August and September. By applying, say 300 lbs. of Super-Phosphate per acre, with the grain and grass seeds in spring, the straw is much stiffened, the crop. less liable to lodge, the heads are large and the kernels plump, while grass seeds catch well and give a thick stand. Taming over old bound-out mowing or sward land in August, and applying, say .500 lbs. of Super-Phosphate per acre and reseeding directly to grass, without taking a crop of grain, will give an increased quantity and improved quality of hay crops for three or four years following ; or if the land be pasture exclusively, this mode of treatment will improve the pasture verj' much for quite a number of years, or pas- tures which cannot be plowed will be much improved by top-dressing with Ijradley's Super-Phosphate. F. Holbrook. Brattleboro', Vt., Jan 20, 18G9. From Hon. George B. Loring, President of the New England Agricultural So- ciety " I have used every variety, and have found none which operated more effect- nally and permanently than yaurs." From Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. — " A second season's trial confirms the good opinion which I formed of it, both for farm and garden crops." From Ex-Governor Cony, of Maine — " It was equal to any fertilzer of its class ever used by me, and I can confidently recommend it as of great agricultural utility. I siiall continue to use it, quite largely." From Ex. Gov. Fletcher, of Vermont. — " I am fully satisfied that it is a very use- ful and valuable article for the farmer." From Ex-Gov. Buckingham, of Connecticut. — "I used your Super-Phosphate of Lime on grapes, corn, potatoes, and other vegetables. The grapes and corn were especially benefitted." From Prof. Otto Wutii, Analytical Chemist, Pittsburg:, Pa " It is obvious, that a fertilizer of such a composition cannot be surpassed." From Hon. Marshall P. Wilder. — " I have ever considered it as one of the most economical manures in use." From Col. T. S. Lang " I am gratified with the result of its application." From Hon. Amasa Walker. — " I applied it upon old and long exhausted pasture land. The effect was wonderful." From Hon. Edmund Burke ■" I have no hesitation in pronouncing your Super- phosphate the best fertilizer I have ever used." From Dr. Leibig. — " No one can question the high standard of your fertilizer." From Judge Pierrepont. — " Its effect was rapid and wonderful. It is fur the cheapest manure of which I have any knowledge." From Dr. S. Dana Hayes, State Assayer, Boston. — "Your Super-Phosphate is entitled to the confidence of the agricultural community." From Dr. A. A. Hayes.— "Your fertilizers add permanent value to the land, and may be used with confidence." From Samuel Graves, Esq., of Hatfield, Mass. — " I find no other Phosphate so good as yours." Prom Dr. E. W. Hatch, Supt. State Eeform School, W. Meriden, Conn "We much prefer your Super-Phosphate to any in the market." From Hon. James S. Grinnell, Chief Clerk Department of Agriculture.— -"I have used Bradley's Super-Phosphate, and regard it as an excellent article." (24) TO DEALERS ANX) CONSUMEES OK SO?^ ^ CLARIC, Pi^lLAOEL! The reputation of our SffEK-Piiosi'iiATE being now well established in all places where it has been used, and being determined to sustain its reputation by using only THE BEST MATERIALS m its manufacture, we beg to notify those who wish to pur- chase our Super-Phosphate that it is put up And is brandod- COJ!f TAILING 200 rOVNDS, C R O A S D A GENUINE The Standard Fertilizer for all Crops. lSTAJiDARD GUARA?,TEEI) by prof. J. C. BOOTH, CHEMIST. U. ^. WSl. irauufacturecj by 135 North Water St,, Philadel'ihia. We also beg to notify our friends, that we intend to make only one bkanb of Super-Phosphate, which shall be of the very best quality, and do not intend to manufactuie an injsrior article to be sold at a reduced price. WATTSON & CLARK, Manufacturers and Proprietors of Croasdale's Super-Phosphate. S. li. JiOBJilKSf V'holescilc N'eiv Enyland Agent, 131 Cotnmcrcial Street, Portland, Ma- PiiiLADELPniA, Jan. 13, 18G9. ( 25 ) ALTA VELA PHOSPHATE. It is composed of the celebrated Guano from ALTA VELA, Combined with other fertilizing material, making a COMPLETE MANURE. The Company, importing the Guano direct from the rich deposits of birds at Alta Vela, is enabled to furnish a fertilizer that cannot be excelled. Price, ^56. jiei' Ton. Send for a pamphlet. Address, The Alta Vela Guano Company, ^^^Self-Acting Ox Bow Pin. _ PATEXTf:!) AUG. 4, 1865. Tt is a good article, and recommended by farmers, — the best in use. State and Country flights for sale and doods supplied. Send for circulars and price list. II A UXH UIl S T'S AJUSTABLE HOE, PATEXED FEB. 13, a^t> OCT. 2:'., 18(JC. The best and cheapest in usa, with garden rake and potato hook attachable — half the price of the common hoe, rake and hook. Rights for sale throughout the United States, and goods supplied. Send for circular. G^. ^^^. HAXJXHTJKST. Office of JPateiH nights 2 State St., Hartford, Ct. CMESTKR "mrHITK PIC-S AND FANCY POULTRY FOB SALE. For Prices Address. T. B. SMITH, Stoney Brook, L. L, N. Y. ( 26 ) fTTnTn WONnERFUL RAriDITir, IPerfectly ^Regular and EVEN DISTRIBUTION OE THE SEED CAHOOM^S FATEWT BROADCAST SEED -SOWER, FOR SO WING ALL KINDS OF GRAIN AND GRASS SEED. This machine has beeu in use in a few localities for the past ten years, and has proved itself by long trial to be an invaluable implement. The proprietor of the Patent, having been largely engaged in another branch of business, neglected to bring it into public notice. The subscribers having long known it to be au efficient and very much needed machine by agriculturists everywhere, have recently bought, at large expense, the entire right of manufacture and sale of it, throughout the United States, and are now prepared to supply the trade. The greatest value of this implement consists in the tact that it distributes the grain evenly in the most perfect manner, thus insuring a larger crop than can lie ob- tained from any other mode of seeding. Its operation is so simple that anybody can readily use it, (27) The Hand Machine sows from 6 to 8 acres of wheat per hour, and the Power Ma- chines from 15 to 20. It sowa 'WHEAT, RYE, BARLEY, HEMP, OATS, CLOVER and HERDS GRASS or TIMOTHY SEED, perfect]}', and is invaluable for sowing Guano, Superphosphate, or any dry Fertilizer. We want every farmer in this country to buy one of these machines. Buy them of the nearest dealer in Agricultural Implements, if you can, but if you cannot, we will box and forward by express a Hand Machine on receipt of Ten Dollars, and a Power Machine on receipt of Sixty Dollars. We make a liberal discount to the trade. We could furnish hundreds of testimonials, but have room only for the following : PoETLAND, Maine, October 29th, 1868. Messrs. D. H. GOODELL & Co., of Antrim, N. H., have this day purchased of me the sole right to manufacture and sell " CAHOON BROADCAST SEED SOW- ERS," in the United States. They will soon be able to supply the largely increasing demand, and all orders should be addressed as above. The validity of this patent has been fully established after one of the most exhaus- tive suits known to Patent Law, and fully believing any practical Seed Sower operating by centrifugal force to be an infringement, I caution the Public against buying or selling any other than the " Cauoon Machine," as all infringements will be Promptly Prosecuted. HENRY H. FURBISH. Assignee of all Cahoon Seed Soiuer Patents. San Francisco, Cal., 14th May, 1S6S. Gentlemen : — The " Cahoon Broadcast Seed Sowers," Hand and Power, are universally used in California, and give entire satisfaction. We sell no other, and no other could sell along side of them. They are the very embodiment of utility. Yours Respectfully TREADWELL & CO. Nora, Jo. Daviess County, Illinois, May 2nd, 1868. Gentlemen :— I have been using your Power Machine for the last nine years, and I can safely say, it is the best and most durable Broadcast Sower that was ever brought before the farming community. I would not be obliged to do without it for three times its cost. I have averaged sowing three hundred acres a year lor the past nine years, and therefore think I am competent to judge of the Machine. I could not buy a Machine that would suit me as well, or do the amount of sowing that I have every year. To accommodate my friends, I often go three or four miles away from home to sow grass seed, and I can sow it to perfection, no matter which way the wind blows. I am confident I can beat any one sowing by hand. The agent told me when I bought the Machine if I could sow more evenly by hand he .would make me a present of the Machine, but I never tried and do not care to. Very Truly Yours, B H. KESSNER. Sole Manufacturers, Antrim, N. H. (28) Mew England Frait Trees. GRAPE VINES, CURRANTS, GOOSEBERRIES, RASPBER- RIES, STRAWBERRIES, RHUBARB, EVERGREENS, NORWAY OATS, &c., FOK SALE 1;Y R. R. FLETOHER, aroton Junction, All orders promptly attended to. FRUIT TREES Consisting of Apple, Crab Apple, Dwarfs; Pear, Standard and Dwarfs; Cherry; Plnm ; Peach; Golden Dwarf Quince, c^:c. ORAPES. A large lot of Concord, Main, Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Adirondac, lona, Israella, Roger's Hybrids, . Drainage facilitates the pulverization of the soil. Clayey soils change oreatly when they are no longer saturated with water. They lose their brick-like character, and become loose and friable. This, however, requires time, and a single season often will not suffice. Drainage also gives effect to manures, by carrying their fertilizing qualities through the soil, so that they are better distributed. Every farmer understands the importance of equally distributing manure. The drains carry air through the earth, and the tem- perature of the soil, being cooler than the atmosphere, moisture is therefore beino- constantly deposited. This condensation of the moisture, which even in the dryest seasons, is found in considerable proportions in the atmosphere, keeps the subsoil from losing its usual moist condition. The maxim of the English farmer is : '• If your lands are wet, drain ; if they are dry, drain :" and it has been by carrying out this principle that the wheat crop of England has been doubled in twenty years. ( 30 ) 33. B5. oh:o-a.te:*s ADVANCE MOP WBINOERl Hi MVAKDED AT THE N. HAMPSHIRE State Fair, SEPT. 1868. AWARDED AT THE VERMONT State Fair, SEPT. 18CS. A great reliftf to hands and wrists. No handling mops with hands. THE WATER MAT BE USED BOILING HOT. rr s^'VES tiivie: ^isrr> streng-th! THIS WRINGER HAS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: Its great simplicity, cheapness and durability; its lightness, and the quickness with which it is placed upon any common pail ; and the ease and quickness with which it wrings a Mop. It also washes the dirt from the Mop much cleaner than twisting or squeezing. N. B. — It is so constructed that in bearing upon the treadle the IVringer is held firmly upon the floor, and has no tendency to upset the Pail. REFERENCES. Springfield, Vt., Nov. 2oth, 1868. We, the undersigned, each have an Advanced Mop Wringer, and find it all the in- ventor claims it to be. AVe would not be without it, and we would recommend it to all housekeepers. It saves labor of the hardest and most disagreeable kind. Mrs. G. L. Closson, " A. H. Bingham, " J. 0. Spring, •' A. L. Burpee, " H. F. Wyman, F. V. A. ToWnsend, Mrs. Albert Bwown, N. A. Andrem's, E. A. DOUBLEDAT, J. A. H. Ellis, H. H. Spencer, J. M. Gilbert, Mrs.F. P. Ball, " E. A. Robinson. " S. Taylor, " R. T. Johnson, " L. J. Ellis, " G. W. FOGGETT. Most of the above have used this Wringer three months. Premiums. — First premiums awarded during the year 1868, in addition to the above named Vermont and New Hampshire State Fairs, as follows : Windsor Couu' ty Fair, at Woodstock, Vt., September ; Connecticut River Valley Fair, at Keene, N. H. ; Claremont (N. H.) Town Fair, Springfield, Vt., Town Fair, and Black River Valley Agricultural Association, at Perkinsville, Vt. ; also, first premium, silver medal, at New Hampshire Mechanics' and Art Association, at Concord, N. H., Oct. A Good Commission given to Canvassing Agents. JIANUFACTUKED AND FOR SALE BY B. B. CHOATE, : : : SPRINGFIELD, VT. State and County rights for sale, and Wringers furnished with territory, if desired. (31) 3045 & 3047 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, UNDER THK DIRECTION OF , CHAELES P. WILLIAMS, Late Professor of Analj-tical and Applied Chemistry, Polytechnic College, of the State of Pennsylvania, For the Analysis, Assay and Valuation of Ores, Min- erals, Fertilizers and Commercial Products, and for Instruction in Analytical, Experimental and Technical Chemistry, This Laborator'y is prepared to undertake (in addition to the ordinary rou- tine of assays and analyses) the expekimental investigation op chemi- cal PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS ON A PRACTICAL WORKING SCALE, and tO test and work quantities sufBciently large to demonstrate their value, and to decide upon their proper economic treatment. IteUable Exa^ni nations, Reports and Mai:)S of 3Iineral Lands and Mines. Consultations on Questioiis in Chemical Ttchnology . WALDRON J. CHENEY, Pres. Atlantic Quartz Co., 3045 & 3047 Chestnut St., Phila. INSECT EXTINGUISHER Address, Price 12 Cents. JOSEPH TREAT, Vineland, N. J. Can be attached to any power in a few minutes. Causing it to rim as uniform as the best regulated Steam Engines. PRICE $10.00. AGENTS WANTED. For farther particulars address with stamp. THOS. B. McCONAXJGHEY, Newark, Deleware. :kt)'wa:rt) j. evans & co. W' gl. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogues of Ijotli nursery and soed dci)artment9 mailed to applicants. ( n2 ) NON ■ EXPLOSIVE Farmers'' The Subscriber takes pleasure in announcing to the public that after a test of several years his new Farmers' Boiler has proved itself no longer an experiment, OVER EIGHT HUNDRED having been manufactured and sold, and are now used for nearly One Muitdred l^iWerent I'urposes* ( See Circular. ) This new compined apparatus has received the highest awards at every State Fair where exhibited, the last being a GOLD MEDAL AT THE LOUISIANA STATE FAIR HELD AT NEW OELEANS IN 1867. By the use of this Boiler several vessels can be heated at a time, or cooking done at some little distance bj' extending pipes. It is particularly adapted to cook- ing in quantities for stock, as well as many other purposes where a low pressure of steam, or an open boiler, small still, retort, &c., are required. It is SAFE, CHEAP AND SIMPLE, and the only combined apparatus in the market. J6®=- Send stamp to pay postage on my new Illustrated Eight Page Circular, giving details, prices, testimonials, advantages of steam, &c. N. B. — A liberal discount to dealers. Patentee and Proprietor, EAST BETHANY, N. Y. . (33) IMPROVEMENT IN CABINET ORGANS. (ratented 186S.) THE MASON & HAMLIN Is a new invention, now readj' in the several stj'les of the MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN, to which the manufacturers invite attention, believing that it is likely to prove The Most Popular Improvement ever made in instruments of this class. It is now several years since the invention and application to such instruments of the VOX HUMANA, which was first applied by its inventor to the organs of Ma- son and Hamlin, who were urged to introduce it to the public. In its then imperfect state, and especially considering its liability to get out of order, they were unwilling to adopt it. From that time, continuous experiments for its improvement have been made in the factory of the Mason & Hamlin Organ Companj' and elsewhere, which have at last been eminently successful, the result being the Mason & Hamlin Im- PKOVED Vox Humana, combining several patents. In combination with the Automatic Bellows Swell, used only in these Organs, it wonderfully increases the capacity and beauty of these instruments, imparting delicious qualities of tone, and producing novel and exquisite effects; especially adding to its variety and delicacy of expression, and increasing somewhat its power. The peculiar excellencies of several Orchestral Instruments are successfully imitated , and altogether, as frequently characterized bj' organists, " the effect is fascinating." It is simple in construction, free from liability to get out of order, and requires no additional skill for its use, being operated by tiia ordinary action of the bellows, re- quiring no separate pedal. STYLES AND PRICES. Attention is invited to the new styles of Organs, and new scale of prices an- nounced this month. NEW STYLE, No. 21— Five-Stop Double Reed Cabinet Organ, with Vox Humana. Case of solid Black Walnut, carved and paneled, new design. Stops, Diapason, Viola, Melodia, Flute, V^ox Humana. The best Organ of its size that can be made. Price >170. NEW STYLE, No. 22— The same Organ, in Rosewood Case. Price $200. NEW STYLE, No. 39— The same in Pipe Organ style of Case. Carved and paneled. Walnut, with richly Gilt Pipes. Price $300. NEW STYLE, No. 27— Sub Bass and Octave Coupler Cabinet Organ, Five Stops— Diapason, Principal, Octave Coupler, Sub Bass, Vox Vumana. Solid Walnut Case. Each key commands four separate reeds or vibrators. An Organ of surpassing power and brilliancy, and great variety. Price $250. STYLE No. 1— Four Octave Organ— Solid Walnut Case, plain". Price $')0. STYLE No. 3— Four Octave Doukle Reed Organ. Solid Walnut Case, plain. Price $75. STYLE A — Five Octaves, One Stop, Tremulant, with one set of vibrators through- out, and Knee Swell. Carved and paneled Walnut Case. Price $100. STYLE C— Five Octaves, Five Stops— Viola, Diapason, Melodia, Flute, Tremu- lant, with two sets of Vibrators throughout, and Knee Swell. Carved and paneled Walnut Case. Price ??r2.'). Many other Styles at Proportionate Rates. The superiority of the Mason & Hamlin Organs is well established. They are the ACKNOWLEDGED STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE among instruments of the class ; were awarded the Paris Exposition Medal, and have been honored with an amount and degree of commendation from the musical profession of this and other countries never given to any other instrument. A new descriptive and illustrated catalogue, just issued, will be sent free to every applicant. The Mason & Hamlin Organ Company, WAREROOMS 596 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, (34) and No. 15@iii Herds Grass, Vermont, Western and Southern Clover, Red Top, Rhode Island Bent (far superior to Red Top), Garden Seeds of all kinds. Seed Peas of every variety. Also, Extra Seed Potatoes, such as Harrison, Vanderveer's Seedling, Early (Joodrich, (tc. &c., all of which we offer to our friends at the LOWEST CASH PRICES. KIDBER & CHAHBLER, 263 Elm Street. (42) FXSARIMC dl CO. Invite the atteution of purchasers to their extensive and carefully select- ed stock of Goods now Opening' for th.e Spring of 1869, OONSlSTINIi I\ TAKT OF Silks, Shawls, Dress Goods, Damask, Damask Cloths, Mapkins, Doilies, ftuilts. White Goods, Linens, Hosiery. Gloves, & small wares. A FULT- LINE OF CLOTHS FOR MEN'S AND BOYS' WEAR. PRINTS, COTTONS AND DOMESTICS, a full assortment, which we shall sell at the lowest prices. PRINTED APRONS and SKIRTS selling cheap. Our motto, " Quick SaJes and Small Projils." FEAEING & CO. 169 Merchants Exchange, Manchester, N. H. The New England Chemical Com'y Is Manufacturing, And will deliver free of charge at any Railroad depot in the city, OIL OF VITRIOL, guaranteed of as pure quality as can be made by any works in the country. For sale at the lowest m-arket price. Apply to WM. H. FOSTER, Treasurer of the New England Chemical Compauy, Office, ISTo. 8S Mlilk Street, Boston. vwm.u F. cmiaDSj, bemtist» 84 Merchants I^xchangv, Over Putney's Dining Saloon. All operations in Dentistry well and carefully performed at fair remunerative prices. Teeth inserted by a method superior to all others. Any teeth inserted by me, with which ordinary fofld cannot be masticated im- mediately upon their insertion, need not be taken from the oiSce or^paid for. Teeth extracted without pain, by the administration of puke Nitrous Ox-. ipE Gas. J8®* All comroHDications by letter promptly answerei^f (43) ATTENTION FARMERS!! Are jroT-i al^out buying: a MOWING MACHINE, HIY TEDDER, or KORSE RIKE. If so, be sure and call ( before purcliasino' el8evvhere ) on Who are agents for the PERRY MOWER, — IHK — AMERICAN HAY TEDDER, — AND — BURT'S HORSE RAMIE, The above Machines all stand at the " Head," and after giving them an examination you will buy no others. Call and examine them, or send your address and we will send Cir- culars. LANE & r>OI^R, WELLS BLOCK, MANCHESTER, J^. H. "©ifMPLETE mii^yeE/' MADE FROM Super-Phosphate of Lime, Ammonia and Potash. A Superior Article for House-Piants (uot ofFensive to the sight or smell), Gardens, Field Crops, . ^ . .^ ]m: e: ^ HAS OPENED No. {i Kimball SlocJc, Elm at., bettveen Sridge <£• Pearl sts. MANCHESTER, N. H. Constantly on hand or made to order. Harnesses, Collars, and every description of Goods usually found in a first class Harness Shop. Also Trunks, Valises, and Traveling? Bags, allot which will be sold at the Lowest Cash Prices. DEALERS IN WV«# IfifiiM €r&&ds (nmM Grroceries* SOUTH BASEMENT PATTEN'S BLOCK, ELM ST., MANCHESTER, N. H. Flour, Butter, Chees^e, Lard, Sugar, Molasses; Japan, Oolong and Young Hvson Teas ; Old (Government Java, Portocabella and Rio Coffees ; strictly pure Cream Tartar and Spices ; English Currants, Nuts, Figs, RBisins, and Cooking Ex- tracts; Coarse-Fine and Rock Salts, Kerosene, Whale and Seal Oils; Fruit, Vege- tables, etc. Cash paid for Country Produce. LOWELL'S IRON FOUNDRY. A. H. LOWELL & CO., Manufacture CASTINGS OP ALL KINDS at the shortest notice, and in the most satisfactory manner. South, of Freight Uepot, 3M:anch.est©r, N". H. A. H. LOWELL. F. L. PRINCE. (47) LIWiM&B¥&M'M M BOOIC AND JOB MANCHESTER, N. H. fWcdcLiriQ. ^ai^d ta a ^astei'-, ex.ecLLtad LIZ the. neH^ lie.s.t ma.n.n.e.t'^. SPacn as. ^ehnaizs., ^ddi-a&&e&, jSfauuz 3le/zaf^t&, f^ataLa£LLe&, J^L^-Jfaias., etc., /zHiited /zi'-atn/ztL^ aad accLU-ateli^. FRENCH. All orders for printing Pamphlets, Circulars, Programmes, Shop Bills, etc., in the French Language, faithfully executed. C. F. LIVINGSTON, Proprietor. ME HilEilOJIM l4M»TEiiEi. THE OWLY PERFECT HAY-MAKER EVER INVENTED. Made only by AMES PLOW COMPANY, incy Hall, Boston, Mass., and No. 53 Beekman Street, New York. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 002 755 998 ""^ AGRIGULTURAL WAREHOUSE, IVO. 1 PATTEIff BLiOGK. DANIELS & COMPANY HAVE IN STORE A LARGE STOCK OP FARM IMPLEMENTS, Doe Plows; Shovels and Spades; Manure Forks, square and round Tine; Spading Porks; Churns, Cavis' Patent; Cylin- der and Dash Churns; Butter Moulds; Cheese Presses; Cheese Hoops and Baskets; Cultivators, Iron and Wood Frames; Patent Harrow Teeth; Crow Bars; Trace Chains; Draft Chains; Grindstones ; Wheelbarrows ; Dry Measures, &c. I Ii I22XS R S. SUPER-PHOSPHATE OP LIME, Uniform in qualltif, and unexcelled hy any in market. 6EASS, GABDEN AND FIELD SEEDS, In large variety, and from the most reliable growers. Egf^rtfi Mose PotiBtoes. MANCHESTER, N. H.